bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotic Interactions in Soil are Underestimated Drivers of Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency
Authors: Iven Hélène , Walker Tom W. N. , Anthony Mark 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobial carbon use efficiency (CUE)—the balance between microbial growth and respiration—strongly impacts microbial mediated soil carbon storage and is sensitive to many well-studied abiotic environmental factors. However, surprisingly, little work has examined how biotic interactions in soil may impact CUE. Here, we review the theoretical and empirical lines of evidence exploring how biotic interactions affect CUE through the lens of life history strategies. Fundamentally, the CUE of a microbial population is constrained by population density and carrying capacity, which, when reached, causes species to grow more quickly and less efficiently. When microbes engage in interspecific competition, they accelerate growth rates to acquire limited resources and release secondary chemicals toxic to competitors. Such processes are not anabolic and thus constrain CUE. In turn, antagonists may activate one of a number of stress responses that also do not involve biomass production, potentially further reducing CUE. In contrast, facilitation can increase CUE by expanding species realized niches, mitigating environmental stress and reducing production costs of extracellular enzymes. Microbial interactions at higher trophic levels also influence CUE. For instance, predation on microbes can positively or negatively impact CUE by changing microbial density and the outcomes of interspecific competition. Finally, we discuss how plants select for more or less efficient microbes under different contexts. In short, this review demonstrates the potential for biotic interactions to be a strong regulator of microbial CUE and additionally provides a blueprint for future research to address key knowledge gaps of ecological and applied importance for carbon sequestration.
Low-rank tensor methods for Markov chains with applications to tumor progression models
Authors: Georg Peter , Grasedyck Lars , Klever Maren , Schill Rudolf , Spang Rainer , Wettig Tilo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer progression can be described by continuous-time Markov chains whose state space grows exponentially in the number of somatic mutations. The age of a tumor at diagnosis is typically unknown. Therefore, the quantity of interest is the time-marginal distribution over all possible genotypes of tumors, defined as the transient distribution integrated over an exponentially distributed observation time. It can be obtained as the solution of a large linear system. However, the sheer size of this system renders classical solvers infeasible. We consider Markov chains whose transition rates are separable functions, allowing for an efficient low-rank tensor representation of the linear system’s operator. Thus we can reduce the computational complexity from exponential to linear. We derive a convergent iterative method using low-rank formats whose result satisfies the normalization constraint of a distribution. We also perform numerical experiments illustrating that the marginal distribution is well approximated with low rank.
Impact of energy density on energy intake in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Klos Bea , Cook Jessica , Crepaz Letizia , Weiland Alisa , Zipfel Stephan , Mack Isabelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The energy density (ED) of a diet can be leveraged to prevent weight gain or treat overweight and obesity. By lowering the ED of the diet, energy intake can be reduced while maintaining portion size. However, a reliable meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is missing. Therefore, this meta-analysis synthesized the evidence of ED manipulation on energy intake in RCTs.

Methods
The systematic literature search of multiple databases according to PRISMA criteria considered RCTs investigating the objectively measured energy intake from meals with different ED (lower ED (median 1.1 kcal/g) versus higher ED (median 1.5 kcal/g)) under controlled conditions. Subgroup analyses for age (children versus adults), meal type (preload versus entrée design), and intervention length (1 meal versus > 1 meal) were performed to achieve the most homogeneous result.

Results
The meta-analysis of 38 included studies demonstrated that lowering ED considerably reduced energy intake – 223 kcal (95% CI: – 259.7, – 186.0) in comparison to the higher ED interventions. As heterogeneity was high among studies, subgroup analyses were conducted. Heterogeneity decreased in subgroup analyses for age and meal type combined, strengthening the results. An extended analysis showed a positive linear relationship between ED and energy intake. Dietary ED did not affect the amount of food intake.

Conclusion
Manipulating ED substantially affects energy intake whereas food intake remains constant. Thus, this approach can be regarded as a powerful tool for weight management through nutrition therapy. Registration on 08/08/2021: CRD42021266653.
Change in 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery over the last decade in a European population
Authors: Miralles-Muñoz Francisco A. , Perez-Aznar Adolfo , Gonzalez-Parreño Santiago , Sebastia-Forcada Emilio , Mahiques-Segura Gerard , Lizaur-Utrilla Alejandro , Vizcaya-Moreno M. Flores 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
There are scarce data on the mortality after hip fracture surgery for patients treated in the most recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the overall initiatives introduced over the last decade for elderly patients with hip fractures had a positive impact on the 1-year mortality.

Methods
Patients treated during 2010–2012 were compared with patients treated during 2018–2020 for all-cause 1-year mortality. Variables influencing mortality were collected based on the literature, including demographic, comorbidity, cognitive status, and preinjury physical function. Crude mortalities were compared between periods, as well as with the expected mortality in the general population adjusted for age, gender, and year of surgery using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). A multivariate model was used to identify mortality risk factors.

Results
591 patients older than 65 years were treated during 2010–2012 and 642 patients during 2018–2020. The mean age increased significantly between periods (78.9 vs. 82.6 years, respectively, p = 0.001) in both genders, together with an increase in comorbidity (p = 0.014). The in-hospital mortality risk had no significant difference between periods (2.5 vs. 2.0%, p = 0.339), but the 30-day mortality risk (8.3 vs. 5.5%, p = 0.031) and 1-year mortality risk (16.1 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.023) declined significantly. However, 1-year mortality in 2020 had an excess of 1.33 in SMR. Age older than 80 years, male gender, and Charlson comorbidity index > 2 were significant predictors of 1-year mortality.

Conclusion
The important evolution achieved in the last decade for the management of patients with hip fracture surgery has led to a significant decline in 1-year mortality, but the 1-year mortality remains significantly higher compared to the general population of similar age and gender.
Clinical and therapeutic course in head variants of linear morphea in adults: a retrospective review
Authors: Fan Winnie , Obiakor Bianca , Jacobson Rebecca , Haemel Anna , Gandelman Jocelyn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParry Romberg Syndrome (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS) are head variants of linear morphea with functional and structural implications. This study describes the clinical course, autoimmune co-morbidities, complications, and treatment of adults with PRS/ECDS at a tertiary referral center. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all 34 adult patients with PRS/ECDS identified through billing code search and seen by dermatologists at our institution between 2015 and 2021. Eight patients (23.5%) had ECDS, 8 (23.5%) had PRS, and 18 (52.9%) had overlap. Twenty-six patients (76.5%) reported ocular, oral, and/or neurologic symptoms, and 8 (23.5%) had concomitant autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. Sixteen patients (47.1%) had a skin biopsy, and 25 (73.5%) had imaging. Forty-six MRIs were obtained, of which 6 (13.0%) reported intracranial findings and 25 (54.3%) reported disease-related connective tissue damage. Twenty-four patients (70.6%) underwent systemic treatment during their disease course per available clinical records. Seventeen patients (70.8%) had improved or stable disease upon treatment completion, with an average duration of 22.2 months. Ten patients (41.7%) reported recurrence of disease following the treatment course. To address changes to facial contour, 6 patients (17.6%) opted for procedural treatments. One patient (16.7%) experienced morphea reactivation following a filler injection performed off-immunosuppression. Compared to findings in children, our study suggests adults with PRS/ECDS are more likely to have oral and ocular complications but experience less severe neurologic symptoms. While systemic treatments appear beneficial in most adult patients with PRS/ECDS, disease may recur following discontinuation.
The trends for the “trend toward significance” in the pediatric literature
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Baltogianni Maria , Balomenou Foteini , Dermitzaki Niki , Kosmeri Chrisoula , Giannakopoulos Spyridon , Giapros Vasileios 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study is to examine whether the term “trend toward statistical significance” is used to describe statistically nonsignificant results in biomedical literature. We examined articles published in five high-impact pediatric journals, including The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, The Journal of Pediatrics, Early Human Development, Frontiers in Pediatrics, and BMC Pediatrics to identify manuscripts where a “trend” was used to describe a statistically nonsignificant result, from January 2020 to December 2021, and, furthermore, for The Journal of Pediatrics, Early Human Development, and BMC Pediatrics from January 2010 to December 2011. We detected that a “trend toward significance” was used to describe a statistically nonsignificant result at least once in 146 articles (2.7%) during the period between 2020 and 2021 and in 97 articles (4.0%) during the period between 2010 and 2011. We found no significant difference in the proportion of published articles with inappropriate use of “trend” across journals belonging to the first quartile of impact compared to the second quartile or across journals publishing under the subscription model or open access policy compared to journals publishing solely under the open access policy, in any period. The overall proportion of the inappropriate use of “trend” declined significantly between 2010 and 2011 to 2020 and 2021 (p = 0.002, RR 0.66 95% CI 0.51–0.86).

Conclusion: “Trend” statements were sporadically used to describe statistically nonsignificant results across pediatric literature. The inappropriate use of “trend” to describe almost significant differences could be misleading, and “trend” should be reserved only when a specific statistical test for trend has been performed, or in relation to appropriate scientific definitions.

What is Known:

•Previously, researchers have reported inappropriate use of “trend” in articles across anaesthesia or major oncology journals.

•In many cases, hypothesized results that are close but not lower than the statistical significance threshold are emphasized as “almost” significant.

What is New:

•“Trend” statements were sporadically used to describe statistically nonsignificant results across pediatric literature.

•Inappropriate use of “trend” was similar in journals with a subscription model compared to those having an open access policy and decreased within a 10-year period.
Kinesiophobie bei Schulterbeschwerden
Authors: Pagels Larissa , Lüdtke Kerstin , Schäfer Axel 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schulterbeschwerden bilden mit einer Prävalenz von 7 bis 30 % die drittgrößte muskuloskeletale Beschwerdegruppe. Ihre Entstehung und Entwicklung wird u. a. durch psychische Faktoren beeinflusst. Die Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) ist international das gängigste Messinstrument zur Erhebung bewegungsbezogener Angst.

Ziel der Arbeit
Untersuchung der Reliabilität und Validität der TSK-GV in einer Population mit Schulterbeschwerden.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Querschnittsstudie wurden Proband*innen mit Schulterschmerzen eingeschlossen. Es wurden neben der Kinesiophobie die Schmerzintensität, die subjektive Beeinträchtigung im täglichen Leben sowie die Angst-Vermeidungs-Überzeugungen erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 49 Proband*innen (24 Frauen und 25 Männer) mit einem mittleren Alter von 41,8 Jahren (SD = 12,8) eingeschlossen werden. Die deskriptive Auswertung auf Itemebene zeigte eine gute interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α = 0,81). Die Homogenität der Skala ist schwach (Loevingers H = 0,35). Die Korrelationsberechnungen ergaben keine deutliche Konvergenz der TSK-GV mit dem FABQ (r = 0,3501; p = 0,0137). Die divergente Validität konnte sowohl zur NRS (r = 0,1216; p = 0,4052) als auch zum SPADI (r = 0,2571; p = 0,0745) bestätigt werden. Die Hypothesentestung ergab 28,57 % angenommener Hypothesen. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Einfluss der TSK-GV und des FABQ auf die Beschwerdedauer (R2 = 0,3652; p ≤ 0,0001) sowie eine erklärte Varianz der Beschwerdedauer auf die TSK-GV von R2 = 0,1834 (p = 0,0021). Die Subgruppenanalyse zeigte einen signifikant höheren Grad der Kinesiophobie bei den männlichen Probanden (t = 3,8084/df = 47; p = 0,0002).

Diskussion
Die TSK-GV ist ein reliables Messinstrument. Die Konstruktvalidität sollte in zukünftigen Studien weiter untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen vergleichbare Werte zu vorangegangenen Studien in anderen Populationen. Die TSK-GV ist das bislang einzige validierte deutschsprachige Messinstrument zur Erhebung der bewegungsbezogenen Angst bei Schulterbeschwerden und zeigt akzeptable Werte für diese Population.
Temperature and urban heat island effect in Lublin city in Poland under changing climate
Authors: Sachindra D. A. , Ullah S. , Zaborski P. , Nowosad M. , Dobek M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of the temperature regimes at an urban station (Litewski square) in Lublin city in Poland and a nearby rural station (Radawiec), and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Lublin city. In winter, spring, summer, and autumn at both urban and rural stations frequency distributions of daily minimum (Tmin), and maximum (Tmax) air temperature in 1998–2020 have shifted towards a warmer climate compared to the frequency distributions in 1974–1997. At both stations in 1974–2020, in all seasons, the annual Tmin and Tmax display increasing trends. At Litewski square and Radawiec, Tmax shows increasing trends of 0.083 and 0.088 ºC/year in summer, respectively. This is the largest increase in all four seasons. Furthermore, it is revealed that the heatwaves at both the urban and rural stations have increased in number over time. However, cold waves at both stations show a declining trend. The UHI effect in Lublin city has not increased significantly during 1974–2020. Population in Lublin city has declined over the period 1995–2020, but the population in the surrounding rural counties has increased. It is speculated that this is one of the causes of no clear increase in the UHI intensity. Apart from that, the city’s large green coverage (about 40%) is probably acting as a heating inhibitor. The annual Tmin and Tmax projected by 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) GCMs indicate that the temperature regimes at both urban and rural stations show significant increasing trends during 2015–2100 under the selected SSPs, with the highest increase under high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) and the lowest increase under the low emission scenario (SSP1-2.6). During 2015–2100, the UHI effect in Lublin city does not show any significant increasing or decreasing trends for the majority of the GCM–SSP combinations.
Enhancing user interaction with context-awareness in cultural spaces
Authors: Michalakis Konstantinos , Caridakis George 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the Internet of Things has fueled a proliferation of smart things in many fields, including cultural spaces. Context-awareness addresses the production of large volumes of context by analyzing raw data and adding a meaning to them. Middleware systems have emerged, which perform context modelling and reasoning, supporting context-aware applications. The services provided by such applications can be personalized, automated and adapted to the current situation, thus enhancing the user interaction with the devices and the digital environment. In this work, a context-aware middleware system is presented, based on a hybrid reasoning schema, which combines multiple techniques to efficiently address each problem. The proposed middleware system is evaluated in a cultural space, where scenarios were designed and tested, using a mixture of real and artificial data. The experiments measured the accuracy, performance in terms of reaction time and scalability and the interactivity enhancement, achieved by the proposed middleware.
Systematic design of particle dampers for transient vertical vibrations
Authors: Meyer Niklas , Seifried Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA multilevel design toolchain is used for the development of particle dampers for vertical transient vibrating structures. Thereby various experimental tests and numerical models are combined. The design toolchain consists of three levels. The first level deals with the micro-mechanical behavior of single particle–particle and particle–wall impacts. The resulting coefficient of restitution is then used on the second level. Within, the second level the properties of vertical vibrated granular matters inside a container under harmonic motion are analyzed. The resulting motion modes and energy dissipation of the granular matter strongly depend on the excitation conditions, i. e. the excitation amplitude and excitation frequency. Multiple analytical formulations for the different motion modes, i. e. solid-like state and collect-and-collide motion mode, are derived to describe the energy dissipation within the particle damper. These analytical descriptions are in good agreement with numerical discrete element simulations. Finally, the third level of the design toolchain deals with designing a damper for a desired structure. The analytical formulations describing the energy dissipation within the particle damper are used to optimize a particle damper configuration for a simple beam-like structure undergoing a vertical transient vibration. The efficiency of the optimized particle damper dissipation is proven experimentally.
Immersive virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation: comparing hand and controller interaction
Authors: Juan M.-Carmen , Elexpuru Julen , Dias Paulo , Santos Beatriz Sousa , Amorim Paula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVirtual reality shows great potential as an alternative to traditional therapies for motor rehabilitation given its ability to immerse the user in engaging scenarios that abstract them from medical facilities and tedious rehabilitation exercises. This paper presents a virtual reality application that includes three serious games and that was developed for motor rehabilitation. It uses a standalone headset and the user's hands without the need for any controller for interaction. Interacting with an immersive virtual reality environment using only natural hand gestures involves an interaction that is similar to that of real life, which would be especially desirable for patients with motor problems. A study involving 28 participants (4 with motor problems) was carried out to compare two types of interaction (hands vs. controllers). All of the participants completed the exercises. No significant differences were found in the number of attempts necessary to complete the games using the two types of interaction. The group that used controllers required less time to complete the exercise. The performance outcomes were independent of the gender and age of the participants. The subjective assessment of the participants with motor problems was not significantly different from the rest of the participants. With regard to the interaction type, the participants mostly preferred the interaction using their hands (78.5%). All four participants with motor problems preferred the hand interaction. These results suggest that the interaction with the user’s hands together with standalone headsets could improve motivation, be well accepted by motor rehabilitation patients, and help to complete exercise therapy at home.
NES cell
Authors: Ding Hu , Shao Yufei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA broadband adaptive vibration control strategy with high reliability and flexible versatility is proposed. The high vibration damping performance of nonlinear energy sink (NES) has attracted attention. However, targeted energy transfer may cause severe vibration of NES. Besides, it is difficult to realize pure nonlinear stiffness without the linear part. As a result, the reliability of NES is not high. The low reliability of NES has hindered its application in engineering. In addition, the performance of NES depends on its mass ratio of the primary system, and NES lacks versatility for different vibration systems. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of NES cell. The advantages of the adaptive vibration control of NES are applied to cellular NES. By applying a large number of NES cells in parallel, the reliability of NES and its versatility to complex vibration structures are improved. An elastic beam is used as the primary vibration structure, and a limited NES is used as the cell. The relationship between the vibration suppression effect of NES cells and the number of NES cell is studied. In addition, the effect of the distribution of NES cells on the multi-mode resonance suppression of the beam is also studied. In summary, the mode of the primary structure can be efficiently controlled by a large number of lightweight NES cell. Therefore, the lightweight NES cell is flexible for vibration control of complex structures. In addition, it improves the reliability of NES applications. Therefore, the distributed application of NES cells proposed in this paper is a valuable vibration suppression strategy.