bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband subwavelength tunable valley edge states induced by fluid filling acoustic metastructure
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Meng , Liu Yu , Xiao Boya , Wang Xilin , Pei Dongliang , Jiang Heng , Wang Yuren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Topological acoustic insulators demonstrate unusual characteristics in manipulating sound wave, which attract much attention from researchers. However, most of the recent researches are based on passive system, hampering their dispersion tunability. In this paper, a broadband subwavelength tunable fluid filling acoustic topological metastructure is studied. It is composed of perforated cells with tunable water height in the hole, which enables the dispersion of the edge state to be tuned. The inversion symmetry is broken by expanding and shrinking the adjacent holes in the unit cell. Thus, the valley Hall states with opposite Chern number form at the K point in the Brillouin zone. The edge states emerge at the boundary of the different valley Hall phases. The robustness of the edge states is verified by the straight and Z-shaped waveguide. Furthermore, the dispersion of the edge state can be altered continuously by raising and reducing the water height, giving rise to broadband variable topological states, which greatly expands the bandwidth from 40 Hz to 1033 Hz. This work offers a new method to control the topological states and shows great potential for practical application.
Comparing surface wind stress and sea surface temperature biases over the tropical and subtropical oceans in subsets of CMIP6 models categorized by frozen hydrometeors-radiation interactions
Authors: Li J-L F , Xu Kuan-Man , Lee Wei-Liang , Jiang J H , Tsai Yu-Cian , Fetzer Eric , Stephens Graeme , Wang Yi-Hui , Yu Jia-Yuh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We evaluate the simulations of surface wind stress (TAU) and sea surface temperature (SST) over subtropical and tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans in subsets of CMIP6 models that are categorized by frozen hydrometeors-radiation interactions. The CMIP6 models are divided into two subsets with combined (SON1) and separated (SON2) radiative properties of cloud ice and falling ice (snow) and compared to the set with cloud ice radiative effects only (NOS). There is evidence that these hydrometeors-radiation interaction treatments induce different atmospheric dynamic responses that influence the surface properties. Excessive westerly TAU and meridional TAU divergence away from convective zones are reduced significantly in SON1 and SON2 relative to NOS against QuikSCAT observations; while the differences between SON2 and SON1 are small. SON2 reduces cold SST biases over north oceans and equatorial zones drastically (1 to 2 K), and warm biases (up to 1 K) off the coasts of America and zonal TAU biases are reduced relative to NOS. Unlike SON2, SON1 improves SSTs mainly over south of Pacific Ocean and limited areas over the tropical belts relative to NOS although TAU is reduced drastically as in SON2, implying that other factors play a role in degrading the SST simulations in SON1 relative to SON2. SON2 outperforms NOS and SON1 in the seasonal cycles of SST mean biases and mean absolute biases averaged over the equatorial area, north ocean, and South Pacific against ERSST observations. Despite the significant improvements in TAU and SST simulations, SON2 models still exhibit non-trivial biases over south and north flanks of equatorial zones. These results suggest that there are direct linkages of TAU with SST changes resulting from the hydrometeors-radiation interactions in SON2, but not in SON1, relative to NOS, implying that a separated treatment of cloud ice and falling ice radiative properties in climate models is preferred.
Numerical methods for efficient GW calculations and the applications in low-dimensional systems
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Xia Weiyi , Zhang Peihong , R Chelikowsky James , Zhao Jijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The GW approximation (GWA) of quasiparticle self-energy is a well-established method for quantitative description of single-particle excitations and has been successfully applied to a wide range of systems. However, the relatively huge computational cost and non-trivial convergence behavior hinder the applications of the GWA in large and complex material systems. Due to the recent interest in low-dimensional materials, such as two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets and nanoclusters, researchers have focused on designing novel numerical methods for efficient and accurate prediction of quasiparticle excitations in low-dimensional materials. This topical review recaps the basic concepts of the GWA and presents several conventional code implementations. We review some of the most recent advances in innovative GWA methods and reformulations, focusing on applications to 2D and localized systems.
Total Syntheses of Dihydro-β-agarofuran Natural Products
Authors: Ogura Yusuke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids constitute a large family of natural products characterized by a tricyclic architecture comprising trans-decalin and tetrahydrofuran rings, and oxygen functionalities on them. Their pharmacologically and agriculturally important biological properties and intriguing molecular architectures have attracted considerable attention from synthetic organic and medicinal chemists. In 2020, our group achieved a scalable total synthesis of this type of natural product, (–)-isocelorbicol, by developing a highly stereocontrolled protocol, which enabled elaboration to naturally occurring ester derivatives, celafolins B-1, B-2, and B-3. Afterward, the total syntheses of more complex dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids, (–)-euonyminol and (–)-euonymine, were reported by two research groups via current state-of-the-art methods. This review summarizes the total syntheses of dihydro-β-agarofuran natural products from 1979 to 2021.
Establishing an effective gene knockdown system using cultured cells of the model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Zenke Kosuke , Okinaka Yasushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In spite of the growing attention given to medaka (Oryzias latipes) as an excellent vertebrate model, an effective gene knockdown system has not yet been established using cultured cells of this fish species. In this study, a gene knockdown system using short interfering RNA (siRNA) in medaka cell lines was established through the optimization of transfection conditions. By extensive screening of several medaka cell lines and transfection reagents, OLHNI-2 cells and X-tremeGENE siRNA Transfection Reagent were selected as the best combination to achieve high transfection efficiency of siRNA without cytotoxic effect. Knockdown conditions were then refined using the endogenous heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) genes as the siRNA targets. Among the parameters tested, cell density, serum concentration in the culture medium, and duration of transfection improved knockdown efficiency, where the target mRNA in cells transfected with each of the siRNAs was reduced from 12.0% to 26.7% of the control level. Our results indicate that the established knockdown system using siRNA is a promising tool for functional analysis of medaka genes in vitro.
Unravelling the impact of frontal lobe impairment for social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Morin Alexandre , Funkiewiez Aurelie , Routier Alexandre , Le Bouc Raphael , Borderies Nicolas , Galanaud Damien , Levy Richard , Pessiglione Mathias , Dubois Bruno , Eymard Bruno , Michon Claire-Cecile , Angeard Nathalie , Behin Anthony , Laforet Pascal , Stojkovic Tanya , Azuar Carole 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder affecting muscular and extra muscular systems, including the central nervous system. Cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is associated with subtle cognitive and behavioural disorders, of major impact on socio-professional adaptation. The social dysfunction and its potential relation to frontal lobe neuropsychology remain under-evaluated in this pathology. The neuroanatomical network underpinning that disorder is yet to disentangle. Twenty-eight myotonic dystrophy type 1 adult patients (mean age: 46 years old) and 18 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients performed an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment with a specific focus on frontal lobe neuropsychology (motivation, social cognition and executive functions). Among them, 18 myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients and 18 healthy controls had a brain MRI with T1 and T2 Flair sequences. Grey matter segmentation, Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness estimation were performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping Software SPM12 and Freesurfer software. Furthermore, T2 white matter lesions and subcortical structures were segmented with Automated Volumetry Software. Most patients showed significant impairment in executive frontal functions (auditory working memory, inhibition, contextualization and mental flexibility). Patients showed only minor difficulties in social cognition tests mostly in cognitive Theory of Mind, but with relative sparing of affective Theory of Mind and emotion recognition. Neuroimaging analysis revealed atrophy mostly in the parahippocampal and hippocampal regions and to a lesser extent in basal ganglia, regions involved in social navigation and mental flexibility, respectively. Social cognition scores were correlated with right parahippocampal gyrus atrophy. Social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 might be a consequence of cognitive impairment regarding mental flexibility and social contextualization rather than a specific social cognition deficit such as emotion recognition. We suggest that both white matter lesions and grey matter disease could account for this social dysfunction, involving, in particular, the frontal-subcortical network and the hippocampal/arahippocampal regions, brain regions known, respectively, to integrate contextualization and social navigation.
Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractΔ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC) is marketed in many US states as ‘legal weed’. Concerns exist relating to class-wide genotoxic cannabinoid effects. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of Δ8THC-related genotoxicity expressed as 57 congenital anomaly (CA) rates (CARs) in the USA. CARs were taken from the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Drug exposure data were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, with a response rate of 74.1%. Ethnicity and income data were taken from the US Census Bureau. National cannabinoid exposure was taken from Drug Enforcement Agency publications and multiplied by state cannabis use data to derive state-based estimates of Δ8THC exposure. At bivariate continuous analysis, Δ8THC was associated with 23 CAs on raw CA rates, 33 CARs after correction for early termination for anomaly estimates and 41 on a categorical analysis comparing the highest and lowest exposure quintiles. At inverse probability weighted multivariable additive and interactive models lagged to 0, 2 and 4 years, Δ8THC was linked with 39, 8, 4 and 9 CAs. Chromosomal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, limb, central nervous system (CNS) and face systems were particularly affected. The minimum E-values ranged to infinity. Both the number of anomalies implicated and the effect sizes demonstrated were much greater for Δ8THC than for tobacco and alcohol combined. Δ8THC appears epidemiologically to be more strongly associated with many CAs than for tobacco and alcohol and is consistent with a cannabinoid class genotoxic/epigenotoxic effect. Quantitative causality criteria were fulfilled, and causal relationships either for Δ8THC or for cannabinoid/s, for which it is a surrogate marker, may be in operation.
Incidence of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease: trends between 1997 and 2016
Authors: Kamil Sadaf , Sehested Thomas S G , Houlind Kim , Lassen Jens F , Gislason Gunnar H , Dominguez Helena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsOver the past decades, there have been improvements in the management of cardiovascular (CV) disease and risk factors. Long-term contemporary data on the population-level incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and CV mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are sparse, which we aim to investigate in this study.Methods and resultsDanish nationwide registers were used to identify all patients aged ≥18 years, with first diagnosis of PAD between 1997 and 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person-years were calculated to estimate trends of MI, HF, and CV mortality. The risk of MI, HF, and CV mortality was estimated by 1-year cumulative incidence with death as the competing risk. A total of 131 568 patients with PAD were identified [median age 70.67 (interquartile range, IQR, 61–78) years and 53.05% males]. The IRs showed increasing trends of MI until 2002, with an estimated annual percentage change (APC) of + 0.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3–16.1, P-value 0.2]. After the year 2002, MI incidence persistently decreased until the study end with an estimated APC of −5.0 (95% CI 3.7–6.3, P &lt; 0.0001), HF declined with an estimated APC of −3.3 (95% CI 2.0–4.6, P &lt; 0.0001); and CV mortality declined, with an APC of −3.5 (95% CI 3.0–4.0, P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionThe incidence of MI (since 2002) and HF in patients with PAD has significantly decreased over time, together with a decline in CV mortality. Our results suggest that preventive strategies have overall improved, most likely due to improvements in the application of guidelines in clinical care.
Age-dependent associations of body mass index with myocardial infarction, heart failure, and mortality in over 9 million Koreans
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Hyung Kwan , Han Kyung Do , Lee Kyu na , Park Jun Bean , Lee Heesun , Lee Seung Pyo , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
While obesity is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor, little is known whether age has a modifying effect. The aim of this study is to determine the age-dependent associations of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and results
A population-based cohort of 9 278 433 Koreans without prior cardiovascular disease were followed up for the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and all-cause death. The effect of BMI with optimal normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) as reference was analysed according to age groups [young (20–39 years), middle-aged (40–64 years), and elderly (≥65 years)] and age decades. During 8.2 years, MI, HF, and all-cause death occurred in 65 607 (0.71%), 131 903 (1.42%), and 306 065 (3.30%), respectively. Associations between BMI and all outcomes were significantly modified by age (P-for-interaction &lt; 0.001). There was a proportional increase in incident MI according to BMI in young subjects; this relationship became U-shaped in middle-aged subjects and inversely proportional/plateauing in elderly subjects. A U-shaped relationship between BMI and incident HF was observed, but the impact of obesity was stronger in young subjects while the impact of underweight was stronger in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Meanwhile, lower BMI was associated with higher all-cause mortality in all ages, although this association was attenuated at the young age, and pre-obesity was associated with the greatest survival benefit. These associations were independent of sex, smoking, physical activity, and comorbidities.

Conclusion
The impact of BMI on cardiovascular risk differs according to age. Weight loss may be recommended for younger overweight subjects, while being mildly overweight may be beneficial at old age.
Carotid ultrasonography improves residual risk stratification in guidelines-defined high cardiovascular risk patients
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Mavraganis Georgios , Delialis Dimitrios , Georgiou Stelios , Aivalioti Evmorfia , Patras Raphael , Petropoulos Ioannis , Dimopoulou Maria-Angeliki , Angelidakis Lasthenis , Sianis Alexandros , Bampatsias Dimitrios , Dimoula Anna , Maneta Eleni , Kosmopoulos Marinos , Vardavas Constantine , Stellos Konstantinos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The clinical value of carotid atherosclerosis markers for residual risk stratification in high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk patients is not established. We aimed to derive and validate optimal values of markers of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis improving risk stratification in guidelines-defined high ASCVD risk patients.

Methods and results
We consecutively analysed high or very high ASCVD risk patients from a cardiovascular (CV) prevention registry (n = 751, derivation cohort) and from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n = 2,897, validation cohort). Baseline ASCVD risk was defined using the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines (clinical ESCrisk). Intima-media thickness excluding plaque, average maximal (avg.maxWT), maximal wall thickness (maxWT) and number of sites with carotid plaque were assessed. As primary endpoint of the study was defined the composite of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and revascularization after a median of 3.4 years in both cohorts and additionally for 16.7 years in the ARIC cohort.

Results
MaxWT &gt; 2.00 mm and avg.maxWT &gt; 1.39 mm provided incremental prognostic value, improved discrimination and correctly reclassified risk over the clinical ESCrisk both in the derivation and the validation cohort (P &lt; 0.05 for net reclassification index, integrated discrimination index and Delta Harrell’s C index). MaxWT &lt; 0.9 mm predicted very low probability of CV events (negative predictive value = 97% and 92% in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively). These findings were additionally confirmed for very long-term events in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
Integration of carotid ultrasonography in guidelines-defined risk stratification may identify patients at very high-risk in need for further residual risk reduction or at very low probability for events.
Serum urate and heart failure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Fangkun , Hu Teng , Cui Hanbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Observational studies indicate that serum urate level is associated with heart failure (HF). However, whether this association is causal remains controversial, due to confounding factors and reverse causality. We aim to evaluate the causal relationship of genetically predicted serum urate level with HF.

Methods and results
A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. Instrumental variables were obtained from the largest genome-wide association studies of serum urate (457 690 individuals) to date. We obtained summary statistics of HF from HERMES consortium (47 309 cases; 930 014 controls), the FinnGen study (13 087 cases; 195 091 controls), and the UK Biobank study (1088 cases; 360 106 controls). Inverse-variance-weighted method was applied to obtain MR estimates and other statistical methods were conducted in the sensitivity analyses. The reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of HF on serum urate levels. Genetically determined serum urate level was associated with HF [odds ratio (OR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.10; P = 8.6×10−5]. The main results kept robust in the most sensitivity analyses. The association pattern remained for the HF in FinnGen (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19; P = 0.008) and the combined results of three data sources (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.13; P &lt; 0.001). No consistent evidence was found for the causal effect of HF on serum urate levels.

Conclusion
We provide consistent evidence for the causal effect of genetically predicted serum urate level on HF, but not the reverse effect of HF. Urate-lowering therapy may be of cardiovascular benefit in the prevention of HF.
LKB1 is physiologically required for sleep from Drosophila melanogaster to the Mus musculus
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Jiang Lifen , Li Chaoyi , Li Chengang , Yang Jingqun , Yu Jianjun , Mao Renbo , Rao Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
LKB1 is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two of them (SIK3 and AMPKa) have previously been implicated in sleep regulation. We generated loss-of-function (LOF) mutants for Lkb1 in both Drosophila and mice. Sleep, but not circadian rhythms, was reduced in Lkb1-mutant flies and in flies with neuronal deletion of Lkb1. Genetic interactions between Lkb1 and AMPK T184A mutants in Drosophila sleep or those between Lkb1 and SIK3 T196A mutants in Drosophila viability have been observed. Sleep was reduced in mice after virally mediated reduction of Lkb1 in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and sleep need were both reduced in Lkb1-mutant mice. These results indicate that LKB1 plays a physiological role in sleep regulation conserved from flies to mice.
The state of Medusozoa genomics: current evidence and future challenges
Authors: Santander Mylena D , Maronna Maximiliano M , Ryan Joseph F , Andrade Sónia C S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedusozoa is a widely distributed ancient lineage that harbors one-third of Cnidaria diversity divided into 4 classes. This clade is characterized by the succession of stages and modes of reproduction during metagenic lifecycles, and includes some of the most plastic body plans and life cycles among animals. The characterization of traditional genomic features, such as chromosome numbers and genome sizes, was rather overlooked in Medusozoa and many evolutionary questions still remain unanswered. Modern genomic DNA sequencing in this group started in 2010 with the publication of the Hydra vulgaris genome and has experienced an exponential increase in the past 3 years. Therefore, an update of the state of Medusozoa genomics is warranted. We reviewed different sources of evidence, including cytogenetic records and high-throughput sequencing projects. We focused on 4 main topics that would be relevant for the broad Cnidaria research community: (i) taxonomic coverage of genomic information; (ii) continuity, quality, and completeness of high-throughput sequencing datasets; (iii) overview of the Medusozoa specific research questions approached with genomics; and (iv) the accessibility of data and metadata. We highlight a lack of standardization in genomic projects and their reports, and reinforce a series of recommendations to enhance future collaborative research.