bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of clinical and radiographic recording protocols for diagnosing periodontitis
Authors: de Carvalho‐Buonocore Halinna Larissa Cruz Correia , Moreira Ana Regina Oliveira , Costa Melina Sá Vieira , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Souza Soraia de Fátima Carvalho 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of periodontal examination at 6‐sites full‐mouth protocol with clinical and radiographic partial‐mouth recording protocols (PRPs) to diagnose periodontitis considering new 2018 case definition.MethodsPeriodontitis was diagnosed by full‐mouth assessment of clinical attachment level (CAL) at 6‐sites (n = 8529) according to 2018 case definition (standard reference). Three clinical and radiographic PRPs were considered: (i) 4 interproximal sites of all teeth (4‐sites, full‐mouth); (ii) 6‐sites on Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) teeth (6‐sites, CPITN teeth); (iii) 4‐sites on CPITN teeth (4‐sites, CPITN teeth); (iv) radiographic examination on interproximal sites of all teeth (rM‐D, full‐mouth); and (v) radiographic examination on interproximal sites of CPITN teeth (rM‐D, CPITN teeth) using Image J®. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV), accuracy, and Κappa (k) were estimated (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 4‐sites, full‐mouth protocol showed 100% sensitivity and NPV, 79.87% PPV, low specificity (38.32%), 69.30% accuracy, and poor agreement (k = 0.468). 6‐sites and 4‐sites CPITN teeth protocols showed 100% PPV and specificity, sensitivity and NPV of >60%, accuracy of >80%, and good agreement (k > 0.65). All clinical PRPs outperformed radiographic protocols.ConclusionClinical PRPs using index teeth are highly accurate in diagnosing periodontitis considering 2018 case definition.
Mutation of glucose‐methanol‐choline oxidoreductase leads to thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice and Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Fei , Li Yue‐Ling , Zhong Xiang , Wang Jun‐Jie , Zhou Lei , Han Yu , Li Dan‐Dan , Wang Na , Huang Xue‐Hui , Zhu Jun , Yang Zhong‐Nan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines serve as the major genetic resource for two‐line hybrid breeding in rice. However, their unstable sterility under occasional low temperatures in summer highly limits their application. In this study, we identified a novel rice TGMS line, ostms18, of cultivar ZH11 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica). ostms18 sterility is more stable in summer than the TGMS line carrying the widely used locus tms5 in the ZH11 genetic background, suggesting its potential application for rice breeding. The ostms18 TGMS trait is caused by the point mutation from Gly to Ser in a glucose‐methanol‐choline (GMC) oxidoreductase; knockout of the oxidoreductase was previously reported to cause complete male sterility. Cellular analysis revealed the pollen wall of ostms18 to be defective, leading to aborted pollen under high temperature. Further analysis showed that the tapetal transcription factor OsMS188 directly regulates OsTMS18 for pollen wall formation. Under low temperature, the flawed pollen wall in ostms18 is sufficient to protect its microspore, allowing for development of functional pollen and restoring fertility. We identified the orthologous gene in Arabidopsis. Although mutants for the gene were fertile under normal conditions (24°C), fertility was significantly reduced under high temperature (28°C), exhibiting a TGMS trait. A cellular mechanism integrated with genetic mutations and different plant species for fertility restoration of TGMS lines is proposed.
Continuity of the “code”: A review of the subcultures and informal social norms in prisons, streets, and schools
Authors: Bell Charles , Kinzel Aaron , Akakpo Yoo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the last several decades, sociologists and criminologists have documented the presence of a subculture in prison and street settings. Recent scholarship has shed light on how failed safety measures and key institutional deprivations also contribute to the manifestation of a subculture in urban and suburban public schools. Within each setting, researchers have illuminated how a set of informal social norms, formally known as a “code,” govern interpersonal communication and regulate violence. Considering the prevalence of violence in prison, street, and school settings, it is important to understand how the code operates, the social conditions that influence individual and group adherence, and whether the code in prison, street, and school settings reinforce one another. This review seeks to explore the inner workings of the inmate, street, and school codes, shed light on their utility in each respective setting, and reveal how the carceral state extends throughout each of the respective codes.
Deviation analysis in custom-made mandibular reconstruction: how to evaluate results
Authors: Gennaro Paolo , Cascino Flavia , Pignataro Laura Viola , Gabriele Guido 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this case report is to present a deviation analysis made to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of virtual surgical planning—computer-aided design—computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology.These techniques were used to programme and perform both demolitive and reconstructive surgery in an 18-year-old man treated for a mandibular ameloblastoma. Total body CT scan and CT angiography were performed before the surgery. DICOM-format data were captured and a planning was performed using CAD/CAM technology. After the surgery, DICOM files of a postoperative CT scan were evaluated to assess the accuracy of the reconstruction. The deviation of the postoperative result from what was planned was indicated with different colours in a mandible mapper and changes in condylar and angular position between 0.5 mm and 2 mm were observed. A standardised method to evaluate accuracy or efficiency of CAD/CAM technology is still not available, nevertheless, since the patient has a good functional or aesthetic recover, the authors are satisfied with the results.
An optimized design of grid-controlled modulated X-ray source for space communication
Authors: Su Tong , Sheng Lizhi , Li Yao , Qiang Pengfei , Liu Yongan , Xu Neng , Zhao Baosheng 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, by analyzing the principle of the Grid-controlled Modulated X-ray Source, the core structure parameters including half width of the cathode notch, depth of the sinking filament and target angle are systematically designed and optimized. The electron-photon conversion efficiency and the minimum cut-off voltage of the X-ray source are calculated. In addition, an experimental system is built for the optimized GMXS test and ground X-ray communication (XCOM) verification. The experimental results indicate that with the same anode voltage and filament current, the number of emitted photons increases by 16–18% after optimization, the output X-ray photons intensity stability is better than [Formula: see text]%, and the cut-off voltage is reduced to −10 V. Based on this optimized GMXS, the ground XCOM rate increased to higher than 1 Mbps.
A description of the first zoeal stage of Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Decapoda, Pilumnidae), with a revision of the first zoea morphology of Pilumnus Leach, 1815
Authors: Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues , Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Costa Rogério Caetano , Mantelatto Fernando Luis Medina 
Published: July 2022

The morphology of the first zoeal stage of Pilumnus vinaceus is described and compared with the zoea I of Pilumnus all species in the literature. Two ovigerous females of P. vinaceus were maintained in the aquarium facilities until the larvae hatch. The larvae of each ovigerous female were dissected using a stereoscopic microscope. The zoea I of P. vinaceus has common characteristics among the Pilumnidae as: [1] antenna of type 2; [2] maxilliped 1 with 2+2+3+3 setae on the basis and with 3,2,1,2,5 setae in the endopod; [3] maxilliped 2 with 1+1+1+1 setae on the basis and 1,1,6 setae on the endopod; [4] telson with furcal rami armed with dorsal and lateral spines. Considering the species of Pilumnus that occur in the western Atlantic, it becomes possible to identify P. vinaceus zoea I by means of the verification of the following characteristics: [1] pleonites with mediolateral processes; [2] number of setae on the antennule. It is however, important to consider that there is still a great deficit in the knowledge about the morphology of the larval forms of the species assigned to Pilumnus and we argue in favor of new descriptions to build a more robust dataset on zoeal morphology characters and use it in a phylogenetic context on the genus.
Does methylprednisolone provide protective effect in total aortic arch replacement requiring hypothermia circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion?
Authors: Yan Shujie , Gao Sizhe , Lou Song , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang , Qian Xiangyang , Ji Bingyang 
Published: July 2022

Background Glucocorticoids (GC)were applied in total aortic arch replacement (TAAR) at various dosages in many centers, but with limited evidence. Methods The retrospective study was aimed to evaluate whether methylprednisolone was associated with better postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing TAAR. Patients undergoing TAAR with moderate hypothermia and selective cerebral perfusion between 2017.1 to 2018.12 in Fuwai hospital were classified into three groups according to doses of methylprednisolone given in the surgery: large-GC group (1500–3000 mg); medium-GC group (500–1000 mg) and no-GC group (0 mg). Postoperative outcomes were compared among three groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the association of methylprednisolone with outcomes. Results Three hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled. Two hundred twenty-eight were in the large-GC group, 34 were in the medium-GC group, and 66 were in the no-GC group. The incidences of major adverse outcomes in large-GC, medium-GC and no-GC groups were 22.8%, 17.6% and 18.2%, respectively, with no statistical difference. A significant difference was observed in post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion ( p < .001) and chest drainage volume ( p < .001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that methylprednisolone was not associated with better outcomes ( p = .455), while large doses of methylprednisolone were significantly associated with excessive chest drainage (over 2000 mL) [OR (99% CI) 4.282 (1.66–11.044), p < .001] and excessive post-CPB FFP transfusion (over 400 mL) [OR (99% CI) 2.208 (1.027–4.747), p = .008]. Conclusions Large doses of methylprednisolone (1500–3000 mg) did not show a protective effect in TAAR with moderate hypothermia arrest plus selective cerebral perfusion and might increase postoperative bleeding and FFP transfusion.
Pre-Existing Right Ventricular Dysfunction as an Independent Risk Factor for Post Intubation Cardiac Arrest and Hemodynamic Instability in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Al-Saadi Mukhtar A , Heidari Behnam , Donahue Kevin R , Shipman Emily M , Kinariwala Kush N , Masud Faisal N 
Published: July 2022

Background Post intubation cardiac arrest and hemodynamic instability are serious adverse events encountered in critically ill patients. The association of pre-existing right ventricular (RV) dysfunction with post intubation cardiac arrest and hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients is unknown. Methods This is a retrospective matched cohort study of adult critically ill patients who underwent intubation from July 2016 to December 2019. The study was conducted at a quaternary medical center in Houston, Texas. A total of 340 critically ill patients who underwent intubation in the intensive care units, wards, and the emergency room were included. The study cohort was categorized into 4 groups based on the pre-existing RV function: normal function, mild dysfunction, moderate dysfunction, and severe dysfunction. Cardiac arrest and/or hemodynamic instability within one hour post intubation were the primary study outcomes. Secondary outcomes included in hospital and 60-day mortality. Results Study patients were of mean age of 61.95 ± 14.28 years, including 132 (39%) females and 208 (61%) males. The primary outcomes were significantly worse in mild, moderate, and severe RV dysfunction groups compared to the normal RV function group (34.12%-P = 0.014, 47.06%-P < 0.001, 51.67%-P < 0.001, vs. 17.56%). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, pre-existing moderate (OR = 2.65, P = 0.013) and severe RV dysfunction groups (OR = 2.66, P = 0.015) were associated with statistically significant higher cardiac arrest and hemodynamic instability post intubation. Pre-existing severe RV dysfunction was associated with statistically significant higher in hospital mortality (62.35%-P < 0.001). The multivariable Cox-regression analysis showed that pre-existing severe RV dysfunction was associated with a statistically significant higher 60-day mortality (HR = 2.57, P = 0.001). Conclusions Pre-existing moderate and severe RV dysfunctions were independently associated with significantly higher cardiac arrest and/or hemodynamic instability post intubation in critically ill patients. Pre-existing RV function may serve as a mortality predictor in critically ill patients undergoing endotracheal intubation.
Breastfeeding Perceptions and Behavior Among Postpartum Women Initiating Different Hormonally Systemic Contraceptive Methods
Authors: Wilson Susan Frances , Ponzini Matthew , Wilson Machelle , Holton Siri , Antell Karen , Medaglio Dominique 
Published: July 2022

Background: There continues to be controversy regarding the simultaneous encouragement of both breastfeeding and immediate postpartum contraception. Research Aim: To explore postpartum women’s perspectives about breastfeeding and their breastfeeding behaviors, while using one of three different hormonally systemic contraceptive methods immediately postpartum over a 6 month period of time. Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal, three group comparative, secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study ( N = 471) of immediate postpartum contraception. Breastfeeding, for this study, was defined as providing any human milk to the infant. Participants who chose one of three different hormonally systemic forms of contraception immediately postpartum (a long-acting hormonal reversible contraceptive ( n = 200), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 150 mg ( n = 98), or a non-hormonal method ( n = 173)) were compared at hospital discharge, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome was any breastfeeding at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included any and exclusive breastfeeding, concerns about breastfeeding while using contraception, and reasons for breastfeeding discontinuation. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of any breastfeeding between the two hormonal and the non-hormonal contraceptive groups at 6 months postpartum (long-acting hormonal 20.1%, non-hormonal 21.7%, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 13.9%, p = .77, 0.28, respectively). The number of participants who reported stopping breastfeeding due to decreased milk supply was not significantly different between any groups at all time points (total number who discontinued at 6 months postpartum was long-acting hormonal 24.7%, non-hormonal 25.1%, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 19.3%, p = .30). Conclusions: Breastfeeding perspectives and behavioral outcomes over the first 6 months postpartum were not influenced by participants chosen form of immediate postpartum contraception.
Acute ischemic strokes in patients with developmental disabilities: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lui Aiden , Feldstein Eric , Clare Kevin , Dicpinigaitis Alis J , Reddy Medha , Khan Farzana , Semaan Rosa , Galluzzo Daniela , Shapiro Steve , Kamal Haris , Yaghi Shadi , Pisapia Jared , Muh Carrie , Nuoman Rolla , Overby Philip , Etienne Mill , Chong Ji , Mayer Stephan , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: July 2022

Objective Patients with developmental disabilities (DD) are frequently excluded from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) randomized control trials. We sought to evaluate the impact of having DD on this patient cohort Methods The National Inpatient Sample was analyzed to explore the impact of AIS and treatment on discharge dispositions in patients with DD. Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were compared to fully-abled patients with AIS. Results 1,605,723 patients with AIS were identified from 2010–2019, of whom 4094 (0.30%) had a DD. AIS patients with DD were younger (60.31 vs 70.93 years, p < 0.01), less likely to be Caucasian (66.37%vs 68.09%, p = 0.01), and had higher AIS severity (0.63 vs 0.58, p < 0.01). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered in 99,739 (6.2%) fully-abled patients and 196 (4.79%) of patients with DD (p < 0.01). Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) was performed in 21,066 (1.31%) of fully-abled patients and 35 (0.85%) of patients with DD (p < 0.01). The presence of developmental disabilities were predictive of lower rates of tPA (OR:0.71,CI:0.56–0.87,p < 0.01) and EVT (OR:0.24,CI:0.16–0.36,p < 0.01). In a propensity score-matched cohort of all AIS patients who underwent EVT, there was no difference in functional outcome (p = 0.41), in-hospital mortality (0.10), and LOS (p = 0.79). Conclusion AIS patients with DD were less likely to receive tPA and EVT compared to fully-abled patients. Individuals with DD had higher mortality and worse discharge disposition. There was no significant difference in post-EVT outcomes between fully-abled patients and patients with developmental disabilities. In the absence of prospective clinical trials, population based cross-sectional analyses such as the present study provide valuable clinical insight.
Tracking pesticide residues and risk levels in individual samples—insights and applications
Authors: Benbrook Charles 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
A method is now available to quantify the number of pesticide residues and relative pesticide dietary risks in individual servings of food. The Dietary Risk Index (DRI) system combines the results of United States and United Kingdom pesticide residue testing programs with data on food serving sizes and each pesticide’s chronic Reference Dose or Acceptable Daily Intake. Chronic DRI values are a ratio: the amount of residue in a serving of food relative to the maximum amount allowed by regulators.

Results
The DRI system generates individual sample tables reporting the number of residues detected and individual pesticide and aggregate-pesticide DRI values in specific, individual samples of food. It is the first such system to do so worldwide. Output tables produce accurate estimates of real-world dietary risks based on current toxicology data and exposure benchmarks set by regulators. System outputs allow assessment of the distribution of pesticide-dietary risks across foods and pesticides and demonstrate that dietary risk levels are highly skewed. A large number of samples pose moderate, low, or very-low risks, and relatively few samples pose high or very-high risks.

Conclusions
The DRI system provides the food industry, regulators and analysts with a simple, accessible online tool to assess pesticide dietary-risk levels by food, by pesticide, as a function of country of origin, and on food grown on conventional versus organic farms. DRI system output tables show that the number of residues in a sample of food is a consistently poor indicator of dietary risk levels. By identifying the relatively small number of high-risk samples, efforts to mitigate pesticide dietary risks can be targeted where the most worrisome risks are.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in a US university setting, Fall 2020 to Spring 2021
Authors: Rosenberg Molly , Chen Chen , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian , Carroll Aaron , Menachemi Nir , Ludema Christina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 reinfections are a public health concern because of the potential for transmission and clinical disease, and because of our limited understanding of whether and how well an infection confers protection against subsequent infections. Despite the public health importance, few studies have reported rigorous estimates of reinfection risk.MethodsLeveraging Indiana University’s comprehensive testing program to identify both asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, we estimated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among students, faculty, and staff across the 2020–2021 academic year. We contextualized the reinfection data with information on key covariates: age, sex, Greek organization membership, student vs faculty/staff affiliation, and testing type.ResultsAmong 12,272 people with primary infections, we found a low level of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections (0.6%; 0.4 per 10,000 person-days). We observed higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Greek-affiliated students.ConclusionsWe found evidence for low levels of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a large multi-campus university population during a time-period prior to widespread COVID-19 vaccination.
The feasibility investigation of AI -assisted compressed sensing in kidney MR imaging: an ultra-fast T2WI imaging technology
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Peng Chengdong , Wang Shaofang , Liang Xinyue , Meng Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Object
To explore the feasibility and clinical application of AI -assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technology in kidney MR imaging.

Methods
33 patients were enrolled in this study, affiliated to our hospital from September 2020 to April 2021. The patients underwent T2-weighed sequences of both the ACS scan and the conventional respiratory navigator (NAVI) scan. We evaluated the subjective image quality scores, including the sharpness of image edge, artifact and the overall image quality, and compared the objective image quality indicators such as scanning time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast signal-to-noise ratio (CNR). The Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and the paired t test were used to compare the image quality between ACS and NAVI groups. The p-value less than 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.

Results
The edge sharpness of the ACS group was significant lower than that of the NAVI group (p < 0.01), however, there were no significant differences in the artifact and the overall rating of image quality between the two groups (p > 0.05). In terms of the objective image quality scores, the scanning time of the ACS group is significantly lower than that of control group. The SNR and CNR of ACS group were significantly higher than those of NAVI group (SNR:3.63 ± 0.76 vs 3.04 ± 0.44, p < 0.001; CNR: 14.44 ± 4.53 vs 12.05 ± 3.32, p < 0.001). In addition, the subjective and objective measurement results of the two radiologists were in good agreement (ICC = 0.61–0.88).

Conclusion
ACS technology has obvious advantages when applied to kidney MR imaging, which can realize ultra-fast MR imaging. The images can be acquired with a single breath-hold (17 s), which greatly shortens the scanning time. Moreover, the image quality is equal to or better than the conventional technology, which can meet the diagnostic requirements. Thus, it has obvious advantages in diagnosis for kidney disease patients with different tolerance levels for the clinical promotion.