bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why reducing avoidable hospital readmissions is a ‘wicked’ problem for leaders: A qualitative exploration of nursing and allied health perceptions
Authors: Feo Rebecca , Urry Kristi , Conroy Tiffany , Kitson Alison L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate nursing and allied health professional perceptions of the interrelationship between avoidable hospital readmissions and fundamental care delivery.DesignA qualitative, exploratory study using a critical realist approach.MethodOne‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews with 14 nursing and allied health professionals conducted between May and September 2019.ResultsSeveral tensions and contradictions were identified in the data, which demonstrated clinicians' perceptions about the priority of both fundamental care and two avoidable readmission conditions (aspiration pneumonia and constipation). These tensions are illustrated in two major themes: Avoidable versus inevitable; and everyone versus no one. The first theme demonstrates clinicians' perceptions that readmissions for aspiration pneumonia and constipation are not common, despite acknowledging that they generally lacked knowledge on readmission rates; and that these conditions may not be preventable in acute settings. The second theme demonstrates clinicians' perception that preventing readmissions is everyone's responsibility, however, this was coupled with a lack of articulation around how this multidisciplinary approach could be achieved, leading to a distinct lack of agency for care delivery.ConclusionArticulating the tensions described in the results provides vital knowledge for understanding how clinicians may respond to initiatives designed to reduce avoidable readmissions. Avoidable hospital readmissions may be usefully understood as a wicked problem: one that is complex and requires adaptive, not linear, solutions. Wicked problems pose a challenge for leaders and managers in healthcare because top‐down, hierarchical strategies are unlikely to be successful. Effective prevention of avoidable readmissions requires leaders to enable facilitator‐led change through relational leadership strategies.ImpactAvoidable hospital readmissions are a global problem increasingly addressed via funding changes and the introduction of penalties to hospitals. This study provides insights on clinicians' perspectives of avoidable hospital readmissions and their prevention, demonstrating the complexity of this challenge and the need for healthcare leaders to enable individual and organizational readiness for change.
Genetic association study of intron variants in the forkhead box protein P3 gene in Chinese patients diagnosed with cervical cancer
Authors: Shi Feng , Pang Xiao‐xia , Li Guang‐jing , Chen Zhi‐hong , Dong Ming‐you , Wang Jun‐li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) intron single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in high‐risk human papilloma virus (HR‐HPV) infection and cervical cancer (CC) malignant lesions. We performed FOXP3 genotyping in 350 patients with CC and 350 healthy controls using the ImLDR multiple single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping technology. The heterozygous mutation TC in rs2294021 decreased the risk of HR‐HPV infection and CC malignant lesions (TC vs. TT: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.99); the dominant model TC+CC and allele C in rs2294021 decreased the risk of CC malignant lesions (TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50–0.95; C vs. T: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.97). The heterozygous mutation GA, dominant model GA+AA and allele A in rs3761549 also decreased the risk of HR‐HPV infection and CC malignant lesions (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51–0.96; GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.94; A vs. G: OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58–0.96). Patients with CC and HR‐HPV infection carrying rs2294021 TC and rs3761549 GA had lower expression of FOXP3 protein. Haplotype analysis revealed that T‐C‐A decreased the risk of HR‐HPV infection. Furthermore, we found a significant association between immune cells infiltration and prognosis in patients with CC. Our findings demonstrated that rs2294021 and rs3761549 variants may protect against HR‐HPV and CC malignant lesions by downregulating FOXP3 and that FOXP3 was associated with immune cells infiltration, which affected the prognosis of CC.
Effects of domestication on quality control parameters of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Gaire Sushil K. , Pokhrel Saluna , Biswas Md Jamil Hossain , Mainali Bishwo P. , Mendez Vivian , Pérez Jeanneth , Taylor Phillip W. , Rempoulakis Polychronis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Queensland fruit fly (Q‐fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a major horticultural pest in Australia. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly used in area‐wide integrated management of Q‐fly, as well as for eradication of outbreaks in Q‐fly‐free regions. Quality control (QC) procedures are important to monitor and maintain high standards of mass‐reared insects for SIT. Effective use of QC procedures, and the setting of meaningful standards, requires a clear understanding of the short‐term factors that can cause changes in key parameters, such as failures in production systems, and also of the longer‐term effects of domestication on the performance of mass‐reared colonies. Artificial rearing conditions impose substantial selection pressures that can lead to changes in performance, and hence changes in the expected baseline values in QC assays. We investigated the effects of domestication on QC parameters of old and young Q‐fly colonies originating from three distant geographical locations in Australia: Sydney (Generation >100 and 7), Brisbane (Generation 59 and 14) and Cairns (Generation 29 and 9). Standard QC parameters including development time, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence, sex ratio, flight ability, fecundity, egg hatchability and longevity were assessed. Regardless of their origin, older Q‐fly colonies had lower egg hatchability, shorter developmental time, higher fecundity, higher survival under stress and greater longevity. We emphasize the importance of understanding the effects of continued domestication on QC measures when setting standards for assessment of fruit fly strains used in SIT programmes, particularly when using strains that are regularly replaced or infused with wild stock.
Newly designed foraminifera primers identify habitat‐specific lineages through metabarcoding analyses
Authors: Thakur Rabindra , Collens Adena B. , Greco Mattia , Sleith Robin S. , Grattepanche Jean‐David , Katz Laura A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForaminifera include diverse shell‐building lineages found in a wide array of aquatic habitats from the deep‐sea to intertidal zones to brackish and freshwater ecosystems. Recent estimates of morphological and molecular foraminifera diversity have increased the knowledge of foraminiferal diversity, which is critical as these lineages are used as bioindicators of past and present environmental perturbation. However, a comparative analysis of foraminiferal biodiversity between their major habitats (freshwater, brackish, intertidal, and marine) is underexplored, particularly using molecular tools. Here, we present a metabarcoding survey of foraminiferal diversity across different ecosystems using newly designed foraminifera‐specific primers that target the hypervariable regions of the foraminifera SSU‐rRNA gene (~250–300 bp long). We tested these primer sets on four foraminifera species and then across several environments: the intertidal zone, coastal ecosystems, and freshwater vernal pools. We retrieved 655 operational taxonomic units (OTUs); the majority of which are undetermined taxa that have no closely matching sequences in the reference database. Furthermore, we identified 163 OTUs with distinct habitat preferences. Most of the observed OTUs belonged to lineages of single‐chambered foraminifera, including poorly explored freshwater foraminifera which encompass a clade of Reticulomyxa‐like forms. Our pilot study provides the community with an additional set of newly designed and taxon‐specific primers to elucidate foraminiferal diversity across different habitats.
Giant pilomatrixoma with bullous appearance on the back: A case report and discussion of misdiagnosis
Authors: Yu Nanze , Zhang Mingzi , Chen Cheng , Liang Zhengyun , Meng Tian , Pan Deli , Zhang Hailin , Zhang Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPilomatrixoma is a benign, asymptomatic skin tumor that forms from hair follicle matrix cells. Most are under 3 cm in diameter and occur on the head, face, or neck. Bullous appearance is very rare in pilomatrixoma. In this case report, we present a case of bullous pilomatrixoma of unusual size, region, symptoms, and patient age. It had been misdiagnosed as a keloid and as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Early treatments were ineffective. The patient approached our outpatient facility and underwent excision. He was then diagnosed with pilomatrixoma by pathological examination. The clinical appearance of this case was quite difficult to diagnose, even MRI and B‐ultrasonic examinations provided limited diagnostic evidence. Given the revelations from this case, we reemphasize the importance of performing a biopsy (if patients refused operation or preferred conservative treatment) before any invasive treatment to minimize economic or time loss of patients who have difficulties in diagnosis.
Post‐discharge care needs of the older people with hospital‐associated disability: A longitudinal study
Authors: Yin Zhiqin , Ying Yisha , Li Xiuyue , Jiang Yuqi , He Buxin , Zheng Enjie , Huang Lili , Li Hui , Zhang Chunmei , Fu Liyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the change and associated factors of care needs within 6 months post‐discharge in older people with hospital‐associated disability, and the relationship between time‐varying care needs and physical function.BackgroundOlder people with hospital‐associated disability will have various care needs post‐discharge. Understanding their care needs will help to improve their health. However, studies on this population are still limited.DesignA longitudinal study.MethodsThe older people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in 2 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. The questionnaire survey method was used to collect data about socio‐demographic characteristics, physical function and care needs. The data of 375 older people who completed follow‐up were analysed using logistic regression analysis, generalised estimating equations and generalised additive mixed model. We followed STROBE checklist for reporting the study.ResultsThe care needs of the older people with hospital‐associated disability declined unevenly, it decreased rapidly in the first three months, and then flattening out. The percentage of people with care needs in each dimension decreased over time, but daily care and rehabilitation needs were consistently more important. Socio‐demographic factors and physical function had different effects on need at different time points, the physical function was the main factor among them. There were non‐linear relationships between the physical function and different care needs with different inflection points.ConclusionThis research revealed change patterns of the care needs of older people with hospital‐associated disability post‐discharge and the non‐linear relationship between physical function and care needs. These findings may help healthcare professionals and caregivers to provide accurate care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used to identify effective approaches to address the care needs of older people with hospital‐associated disability based on the time of discharge, in conjunction with age, education, and especially physical function, which will promote the justify allocation of nursing resources.What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?
Maternal micronutrient status and its association with sociodemographic, maternal, and dietary factors in a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kangalgil Melda , Şahinler Ayhan , Özçelik Ayşe Özfer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMaternal serum micronutrient status can have a significant impact on short‐ and long‐term outcomes for mother and offspring. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of maternal serum folate, ferritin, and vitamin B12 status with maternal and dietary factors.MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional study was carried out with 165 healthy pregnant women at least 18 years of age with a singleton pregnancy. Maternal nutrient intake was determined by 24‐hour dietary recall method and supplement records. Multivariable analyses using stepwise linear regression models were performed to associations of dietary intakes and maternal serum status.ResultsThere was a difference between the lowest and highest quartile of maternal serum folate, ferritin, and vitamin B12 status and maternal characteristics and dietary, and total intakes of nutrients (p < 0.05). Multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis showed the predictors of serum folate status were dietary folate equivalent, dietary folate, total vitamin B6 and iron intake. Primer predictors of serum ferritin and vitamin B12 status were dietary protein intake (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings support existing recommendations that folic acid supplementation should be prescribed to achieve optimal serum folate status during pregnancy. However, dietary protein intake is important to provide optimal maternal serum vitamin B12 and ferritin status.
COMPOSITION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN JURASSIC TIGHT OILS IN THE CENTRAL SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA: ORIGIN AND SOURCE ROCK CORRELATION
Authors: Lu Xiaolin , Li Meijun , Wei Tengqiang , Wu Changjiang , Tang Youjun , Wang Xiaojuan , Hong Haitao , Liu Yuan , Ran Zichao 
Published: March 2022

Crude oil reserves in tight Middle and Lower Jurassic reservoirs are of increasing exploration interest in the central Sichuan Basin, SW China. However, the origin of these “tight oils” is poorly understood. In this study, sixteen samples of light oils/condensates from tight Middle and Lower Jurassic reservoir rocks were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry to investigate the oils’ origin and to classify them into genetic families. The tight oils can be divided into two families. Family I oils occur in the Gongshanmiao oilfield where reservoir units comprise the Da'anzhai Member of the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation, the Lower Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, and the First Member of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation. Family I oils are characterized by relatively low values of the methylcyclohexane (MCH) and cyclohexane (CH) indexes, low values of Mango's parameter K2 for light hydrocarbon composition, and relatively negative δ13C values ranging from ‐30.8‰ to ‐28.9‰. Family I oils are inferred to be self‐sourced by lacustrine shales in the Da'anzhai Member and the Lianggaoshan Formation in the study area, both of which are rich in sapropelic organic matter. These source rocks also charged reservoirs in the First Member of the Shaximiao Formation. By contrast, the newly discovered Family II oils, which occur at the Jinhua oilfield and the as‐yet undeveloped Qiulin and Bajiaochang structures, are reservoired in the Second Member of Shaximiao Formation. Family II oils have higher values of the MCH index, CH index and Mango's K2 parameter, and δ13C values varying from ‐27.5‰ to ‐25.4‰. These oils have similar light hydrocarbon compositions and δ13C values to oils derived from source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation which contain dominantly humic organic matter. Family II oils are therefore inferred to be derived from the coaly mudstones in the Xujiahe Formation.The different compositions of the tight oils in the First and Second Members of the Shaximiao Formation appear to be controlled by the distribution and thickness of source rocks in the study area. Thus, the Gongshanmiao oilfield where Family I oils occur in the First Member is close to the depocentre of source rocks in the Da'anzhai Member and Lianggaoshan Formation. These source rocks are inferred to have charged the First Member reservoirs which may also be present in nearby oil‐ and gas‐bearing structures such as Nanchong and Yingshan. By contrast, Family II oils occur in tight reservoirs in the Second Member in areas with thick successions of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation mudstone source rocks, such as the Jinhua oilfield. In areas where both source rocks are present such as the Zhongtaishan and Lianchi oilfields, Shaximiao Formation reservoirs appear to contain both Family I and Family II oils.
Patent law failure: A systematic literature review
Authors: Farooq Muzamil , Bashir Abid , Altaf Nufazil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper provides the systematic literature review of the literature on patent law failure. Specifically, we focus on both theoretical and empirical studies on patent law, its framework and evolution of its failure. We also explain the influence of TRIPS agreement on developing countries. Additionally, this paper also provides a broader overview of patent law in various settings. Further, to provide a broader framework and future aspects of the patent law in developing countries we tried to mostly mention and interpret the data in relation to the development of those countries. The article also covers different reasons of patent law failure.
EhRho6‐mediated actin degradation in Entamoeba histolytica is associated with compromised pathogenicity
Authors: Narooka Anil Raj , Apte Achala , Yadav Pooja , Murillo Jimmy Rodriguez , Goto‐Silva Livia , Junqueira Magno , Datta Sunando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEntamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis which is a major health concern in developing countries. E. histolytica pathogenicity has been implicated to a large repertoire of small GTPases which switch between the inactive GDP bound state and the active GTP bound state with the help of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating protein (GAPs). Rho family of small GTPases are well known to modulate the actin cytoskeletal dynamics which plays a major role in E. histolytica pathogenicity. Here, we report an atypical amoebic RhoGEF, and its preferred substrate EhRho6, which, upon overexpression abrogated the pathogenic behavior of the amoeba such as adhesion to host cell, monolayer destruction, erythrophagocytosis, and formation of actin dots. A causative immunoblot analysis revealed actin degradation in the EhRho6 overexpressing trophozoites that could be inhibited by blocking the amoebic proteasomal pathway. A careful analysis of the results from a previously published transcriptomics study, in conjunction with our observations, led to the identification of a clade of Rho GTPases in this pathogenic amoeba which we hypothesize to have implications during the amoebic encystation.
Thymine‐starvation‐induced chromosomal fragmentation is not required for thymineless death in Escherichia coli
Authors: Khan Sharik R. , Kuzminov Andrei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThymine or thymidine starvation induces robust chromosomal fragmentation in Escherichia coli thyA deoCABD mutants and is proposed to be the cause of thymineless death (TLD). However, fragmentation kinetics challenges the idea that fragmentation causes TLD, by peaking before the onset of TLD and disappearing by the time TLD accelerates. Quantity and kinetics of fragmentation also stay unchanged in hyper‐TLD‐exhibiting recBCD mutant, making its faster and deeper TLD independent of fragmentation as well. Elimination of fragmentation without affecting cellular metabolism did not abolish TLD in the thyA mutant, but reduced early TLD in the thyA recBCD mutant, suggesting replication‐dependent, but undetectable by pulsed‐field gel, double‐strand breaks contributed to TLD. Chromosomal fragmentation, but not TLD, was eliminated in both the thyA and thyA recBCD mutants harboring deoCABD operon. The expression of a single gene, deoA, encoding thymidine phosphorylase, was sufficient to abolish fragmentation, suggesting thymidine‐to‐thymine interconversion during T‐starvation being a key factor. Overall, this study reveals that chromosomal fragmentation, a direct consequence of T‐starvation, is either dispensable or redundant for the overall TLD pathology, including hyper‐TLD in the recBCD mutant. Replication forks, unlike chromosomal fragmentation, may provide a minor contribution to TLD, but only in the repair‐deficient thyA deoCABD recBCD mutant.
Comparison of the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE™) index to changes in heart rate to detect intraoperative nociceptive stimuli in healthy and critically ill children below 2 years: An observational study
Authors: Neumann Claudia , Babasiz Tamara , Straßberger‐Nerschbach Nadine , Schindler Ehrenfried , Reuter Christian , Weinhold Leonie , Wittmann Maria , Hilbert Tobias , Klaschik Sven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe validity of current tools for intraoperative objective assessment of nociception/antinociception balance during anesthesia in young and very young surgery children is unknown.AimPrimary aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) index performs better in indicating nociception in anesthetized children below 2 years than changes in heart rate. Secondary aims were to evaluate associations between intraoperative changes in NIPE index values and postoperative pain and emergence delirium.MethodsFifty‐one children aged <2 years who underwent surgery were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were assigned to either group 1 (healthy children, n = 31) or group 2 (critically ill, ventilated premature infants and neonates, n = 20). The NIPE index and heart rate in response to three defined nociceptive stimuli were continuously recorded. Two different scales, Kindliche Unbehagens‐ und Schmerzskala (KUS) and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) as well as a Pain Questionnaire were used to assess postoperative pain levels and emergence delirium.ResultsIn total, 110 nociceptive events were evaluated. The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between a decrease in the NIPE index and all nociceptive stimuli, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%. The mean percentage decrease ranged from approx. 15%–30% and was highly statistically significant in both groups and for each of the nociceptive events except for venous puncture (p = .004). In contrast, no consistent change in heart rate was demonstrated. The KUS and PAED scale scores were significantly associated with the duration of anesthesia (p = .04), but not with intraoperative NIPE depression.ConclusionThe NIPE index was reliable for assessing intraoperative nociception in children aged <2 years and was more reproducible for detecting specific nociceptive stimuli during general anesthesia than heart rate. An effect on postoperative outcome is still elusive.