bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Insight into the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazole
based Derivatives
Authors: Mor Satbir , Khatri Mohini , Punia Ravinder , Nagoria Savita , Sindhu Suchita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers (from 1994 to 2021) to provide an overview of the available methodologies for the synthesis and diverse pharmacological activities exhibited by pyrazole based molecules. This review highlights recent reports on various routes of synthesis and potential biological evaluation studies viz. anticancer, AT (II) inhibitory, anti-inflammatory activities, HIV-1-RT inhibitory, antihypertensive, herbicidal, antitubercular, insecticidal, antiviral, antimicrobial and COX-2 inhibitory activity, etc. of pyrazole derivatives and also presents recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety.
Review on Dietary Factors in Fermented Foods and their Efficacy in
Disease Management
Authors: Paari KuppusamyAlagesan , Kurian Christine , Mathur Anandi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The process of preservation of various food sources, over time, gave rise to fermented
foods. Traditionally, each ethnic group has its distinct fermented food(s) incorporated into
their diet, both as culinary enjoyment and nutrition. Fermentation increases nutrient availability
and enhances the texture and flavor of the original food. The benefits of fermented food consumption
and potential probiotic intake are discussed in this review. The review describes
mechanism(s) of action of bioactive components from fermented foods on the human system,
their role in health management, and an overview of the role of fermented foods in improving
diseases, namely obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
hematological cancers, and radiation-induced diarrhea in cancer patients and allergies are briefly
reviewed.
Radiation Dose Reduction in Head and Neck Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Zhao Ying-Jia , Ma Xi , Zheng Ya-Ting , Zuo Zi-Wei , Xu Ying-Jin , Wang Jia-Ning , Yin Xiao-Ping , Gao Bu-Lang 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim:
The study aims to investigate the feasibility of further radiation
dose reduction via the application of a high iodine delivery rate combined with automatic current
modulation technology (high noise index) in head and neck computed tomography angiography.

Methods:
Sixty-four patients who underwent routine head and neck computed tomographic angiography
were randomly divided into two groups: a low-dose group of 32 cases and an ultra-low-dose
group of 32 cases. The same image reconstruction technique was applied in both groups using the
50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction method. Quantitative and qualitative image quality
assessment of the carotid artery, computed tomographic dose index volume, dose length product,
and effective dose of the two groups were analyzed.

Results:
The two groups were not significantly (P>0.05) different in age, gender, and body mass index.
Significant (P<0.001) reduction of radiation dose was observed in all the parameters of computed
tomographic dose index volume (18.12%), dose length product (19.91%), and effective dose
(19.84%) in the ultra-low-dose group. Quantitative and qualitative image assessment produced similar
results between the two groups, except for the higher mean vascular computed tomographic values
found in the ultra-low dose group.

Conclusions:
Application of a higher iodine delivery rate combined with automatic current modulation
technology (high noise index) in an existing low tube voltage protocol can further decrease the
radiation dose and the total volume of contrast agent while maintaining similar image quality for
patients undergoing computed tomography angiography of the head and neck, which can be recommended
as the conventional scanning method.
Role of KSP Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Therapeutics: An Update
Authors: Chamariya Rinkal , Suvarna Vasanti 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Regardless of the growing discovery of anticancer treatments targeting cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic
therapy still maintained its abundant clinical significance because tumours harbor a greater population of actively dividing
cells than normal tissues. Conventional anti-mitotic agents or microtubule poisons acting on the major mitotic
spindle protein tubulin have been effectively used in clinical settings for cancer chemotherapy over the last three decades.
However, the use of these drugs is associated with limited clinical utility due to serious side effects such as debilitating
and dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, drug resistance, and allergic reactions. Therefore,
research initiatives have been undertaken to develop novel microtubule motor proteins inhibitors that can potentially
circumvent the limitations associated with conventional microtubule poisons. Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) belonging
to the kinesin-5 family play a crucial role during mitosis and unregulated cell proliferation. Evidence from preclinical
studies and different phases of clinical trials have presented kinesin spindle protein as a promising target for cancer
therapeutics. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors causing mitosis disruption without interfering with microtubule dynamics
in non-dividing cells offer a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of several major cancer types and
are devoid of side effects associated with classical anti-mitotic drugs. This review summarizes recent data highlighting
progress in the discovery of targeted KSP inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, structure-activity relationships,
and outcomes of biological and enzyme inhibition studies. We reviewed the recent literature reports published
over the last decade, using various electronic database searches such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of
Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trial data till 2021 was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov. Major chemical classes
developed as selective KSP inhibitors include dihydropyrimidines, β-carbolines, carbazoles, benzimidazoles, fused aryl
derivatives, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, quinazolines, quinolones, thiadiazolines, spiropyran, and azobenzenes.
Drugs such as filanesib, litronesib, ispinesib have entered clinical trials; the most advanced phase explored is Phase II.
KSP inhibitors have exhibited promising results; however, continued exploration is greatly required to establish the
clinical potential of KSP inhibitors.
Do Cytokines Associate Periodontitis with Metabolic Disorders? An Overview of Current Documents
Authors: Aref Nezhad Reza , Motedayyen Hossein , Roghani-Shahraki Hossein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory condition affecting the adult population worldwide. Many microorganisms act as initiators for inducing inflammatory immune responses, which participate in the destruction of connective tissue surrounding the teeth, thereby resulting in tooth loss. Cytokines may have indispensable roles in its pathogenesis by enhancing inflammatory and immune responses. Cytokines can affect the functions of some cells of different tissues, such as the cells of the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues. Evidence suggests that periodontitis is associated with metabolic disorders like liver cirrhosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Hence, this review focused on determining how cytokines can participate in the correlation of periodontitis with metabolic disorders.
Secretory Profile of Selected Gut Bacteria of Cockroaches: A Potential
Source of Anti-Infective Agents
Authors: Akbar Noor , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah , Abouleish Mohamed Yehia , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Khan Naveed Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Pests, such as cockroaches, thrive in polluted conditions that are detrimental to Homo sapiens, suggesting that such species possess mechanisms to protect them-selves against pathogens. Besides their immunity to fight pathogens, we hypothesize that the microbial gut flora of pests produces antimicrobials to thwart communicable diseases. It is proposed that the search for new antimicrobials originating from unusual sources will generate useful leads in the identification of new anti-infective agents.
Problems and Barriers Related to the Use of Digital Health Applications: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Giebel Godwin Denk , Speckemeier Christian , Abels Carina , Börchers Kirstin , Wasem Jürgen , Blase Nikola , Neusser Silke 
Published: January 2022

Background
The use of mobile health (mHealth) apps is increasing rapidly worldwide. More and more institutions and organizations develop regulations and guidelines to enable an evidence-based and safe use. In Germany, mHealth apps fulfilling predefined criteria (Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen [DiGA]) can be prescribed and are reimbursable by the German statutory health insurance scheme. Due to the increasing distribution of DiGA, problems and barriers should receive special attention.

Objective
This study aims to identify the relevant problems and barriers related to the use of mHealth apps fulfilling the criteria of DiGA.

Methods
This scoping review will follow published methodological frameworks and the PRISMA-Scr (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) criteria. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and JMIR), reference lists of relevant articles, and grey literature sources will be searched. Two reviewers will assess the eligibility of the articles by a two-stage (title and abstract as well as full text) screening process. Only problems and barriers related to mHealth apps fulfilling the criteria of DiGA are included for this research. The identified studies will be categorized and analyzed with MAXQDA.

Results
This scoping review gives an overview of the available evidence and identifies research gaps regarding problems and barriers related to DiGA. The results are planned to be submitted to an indexed, peer-reviewed journal in the first quarter of 2022.

Conclusions
This is the first review to identify the problems and barriers related to the use of mHealth apps fulfilling the German definition of DiGA. Nevertheless, the findings can be applied to other contexts and health care systems as well.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/32702
The Effect of the Imacoco Care Psychoeducation Website on Improving Psychological Distress Among Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Imamura Kotaro , Sasaki Natsu , Sekiya Yuki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Sakuraya Asuka , Matsuyama Yutaka , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito 
Published: January 2022

Background
The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health among workers. Psychoeducational intervention via a website could be effective for primary prevention of mental illness among workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effect of a newly developed online psychoeducational website named Imacoco Care on reducing psychological distress and fear about COVID-19 infection among workers.

Methods
Participants in the study were recruited from registered members of a web survey company in Japan. Participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were invited to access the Imacoco Care program within a month after the baseline survey. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) scores were obtained at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.

Results
A total of 1200 workers were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups (n=600 [50%] per group). The Imacoco Care intervention group showed a significant favorable effect on K6 scores (P=.03) with a small effect size (ES; Cohen d=–0.14) and an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores (P=.01) with a small ES (Cohen d=0.16) at 3-month follow-up. In the per protocol analysis (including only participants who had read the Imacoco Care content at least 1 time), the Imacoco Care intervention group also showed a significant favorable effect on reducing K6 scores (P=.03), while an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores was not significant (P=.06) in the intervention group at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
A web-based psychoeducation approach may be effective for improving psychological distress among workers; however, it may be important not only to distribute information but also to encourage active engagement with the content of the program to prevent adverse effects of psychoeducational intervention.

Trial Registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000042556; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048548
Outbreak Investigation of a Foodborne Illness in Village Bachal Soomro, District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan (December 2020): Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qureshi Kashif , Hussain Mudassar , Masood Naveed , Gadehi Muhammad Ali , Bhurt Saeed Ahmed , Baig Mirza Zeeshan , Kumar Aneel , Sand Aurangzeb , Ashraf Nosheen , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ikram Aamer , Bahoto Muhammed Juman 
Published: January 2022

Background
On December 3, 2020, district health authorities reported 15 suspected cases of gastroenteritis, including 4 deaths, from Village Bachal Soomro after a mourning ceremony.

Objective
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) fellows investigated the suspected outbreak, with the objective to determine the magnitude of the outbreak and to evaluate associated risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on December 3, 2020, at Village Bachal Soomro. The complete cohort was traced back, and a pretested structured questionnaire was adopted to obtain demographic, clinical, and risk factor information. A case was defined as “any individual who attended the mourning ceremony at Village Bachal Soomro on December 3, 2020, and presented with any of the following symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain/cramps, and drowsiness.” Descriptive analysis followed by multiple logistic regression was performed. Different blood, stool, oropharyngeal swab, drinking water, and milk samples were sent for microbiological and chemical investigation.

Results
Of 61 participants, 32 (52%) were males and the median age was 23 years (range 1-70 years). The overall attack rate was 72%, while the most affected age group was 10-19 years, with an attack rate of 85%. The majority of cases presented with diarrhea (47/61, 77%), followed by abdominal pain (44/61, 72%), vomiting (43/61, 70%), body ache (29/61, 48%), drowsiness (10/61, 16%), and fever (4/61, 7%). Among all food items, dessert had the highest food-specific attack rate of 90%. Among all risk factors, consumption of dessert (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 61.3, 95% CI 6.1-613.1), water (aOR 23.9, 95% CI 2.0-276.7), and buffalo milk (aOR 7.9, 95% CI 1.22-51.8) were found to be significantly associated with the attack. Distribution of cases showed a common point source that was probably due to a single pathogen source.

Conclusions
Dessert was prepared 10-12 hours prior to meal intake, so the outbreak was probably caused by dessert prepared with contaminated milk and water, with enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Community awareness of personal hygiene, proper storage/preservation of food items, and provision of safe drinking water are suggested.
Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Immunization Reported Through Hotlines, February-August 2021, Bangladesh: Descriptive Study
Authors: Prince Kyaw Thowai Prue , Billah Mallick Masum , Khan Farzana Islam , Alamgir ASM , Rahman Mahbubur , Shirin Tahmina 
Published: January 2022

Background
For COVID-19 vaccine safety, the vaccination program of Bangladesh started facility-based passive surveillance to address adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with COVID-19 vaccination. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh, has been using emergency hotlines for outbreak reporting since 2008. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these hotlines are being used for pandemic-related information and reporting. Thus, COVID-19 vaccinees also use these hotlines to report AEFIs.

Objective
We analyzed the documented AEFIs records of the IEDCR to characterize the vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines.

Methods
We performed a descriptive analysis of COVID-19 vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines from February to August 2021. We defined AEFIs as untoward medical occurrences that follow immunization and that do not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccines. We analyzed the vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines by age, gender, occupation, the severity of AEFIs, and the time intervals of reporting.

Results
Of 819 vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines, 555 (67.8%) were male and their median age was 41 years (IQR 32-51 years). Of them, 494 (89%) reported AEFIs following the first dose of vaccination. Among females, 186 (70.5%) of 264 were housewives. Among males, 249 (44.9%) of 555 were service holders, 90 (16.2%) were businessmen, and 46 (8.3%) were students. About 638 (77.9%) of 819 vaccinees were from urban vaccination centers. Mild AEFIs, such as fever (508/819, 62%), injection-site pain (336/819, 41%), and headache (205/819, 25%), were reported through IEDCR hotlines. Although 534 (65.2%) of 819 vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines developed symptoms within 24 hours of vaccination, only 196 (23.9%) of 819 vaccinees reported them within 24 hours.

Conclusions
Middle-aged, male, and urban vaccinees who developed mild AEFIs commonly reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines. We recommended that AEFI data generated from different reporting systems, including hotline numbers, be incorporated together for an efficient COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance system.
Assessment of Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Milk-borne Zoonosis in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Alam Javaria , Alam Javaria , Nadeem ur Rehman Syed , Chaudhry Ambreen , Athar Abbas Muhammad , Fatima Zahida , Wasif Malik Muhammad , Abbas Ranjha Muazzam , Iqbal Baig Zeeshan , Ashraf Nosheen , Ali Khan Mumtaz , A Ansari Jamil , Ikram Aamer 
Published: January 2022

Background
Milk-borne zoonotic diseases can be acquired by the consumption of nonpasteurized and infected dairy products. Zoonotic infections present a serious public health concern that is responsible for approximately 2.7 billion deaths annually worldwide. However, little is known about the attitudes and knowledge of the farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis.

Objective
This study was performed with an aim to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis.

Methods
This cross-sectional KAP study was conducted in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, from September 1 to October 30, 2019. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents regarding different aspects of milk-borne zoonosis. All small dairy farms (n=56) with more than 5 animals in District Muzaffarabad were included in this study. Data were collected from respondents (n=100), with an inclusion criterion of having a dairy experience of more than 6 months.

Results
The findings show that almost 86% of the farmers were unable to name any milk-borne zoonotic disease. About 45.5% of the farmers were unaware of the fact that milk can be a potential source of disease transmission. None of the respondents had any idea about the pasteurization method, and 50% of them had no habit of checking milk quality. However, 81% of the respondents preferred to use boiled milk. Almost 28% of the farmers with high-level education were able to name at least one milk-borne zoonotic disease. The majority of the respondents (99%) did not receive any formal training about zoonotic diseases.

Conclusions
According to the study, the overall knowledge of farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis is not adequate. Despite having a positive attitude, the practices of the respondents regarding milk handling were found to be poor. Awareness about important zoonotic diseases and their source of transmission should be created, and a one-health approach to deal with zoonotic infections should be adopted.
Evaluation of the Dengue Surveillance System in Islamabad (2019) (Preprint)
Authors: Saeed Sara , Chaudhry Ambreen , Mahmood Amjad , Khalid Fawad , Malik Muhammad Wasif , Ranjha Muazzam Abbas , Baig Zeeshan Iqbal , Ashraf Nosheen , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ansari Jamil A , Ikram Aamer 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Dengue is a major public health threat since 2005 in Pakistan. Because of their rapid expansion and long duration, dengue epidemics reduce the productive capacity and economic development of many sections of society. Evaluation is an important step of the planning cycle to improve the utilization of resources.

OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of the study is to assess how quickly the system can detect epidemics and to measure the capacity of the system to monitor trends in its geographical distribution over time.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2019 in Islamabad, Pakistan. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of system attributes were carried out according to updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems for 2001. Stakeholders were identified and approached. Four different types of semistructured questionnaires were prepared for each level of stakeholders.

RESULTS

Simplicity was good, and case definition was uniform and easily understandable. Flexibility was poor, and the system was not capable of incorporating changes. Timeliness was excellent in terms of case reporting as well as case response by relevant stakeholders. Data entry operators were few but expert in their work; however, the quality of data remained a challenge as 40% forms were deficient in demographic and clinical information. Acceptability by the workers as well as the population was good. Sensitivity was high (87%). The predictive value positive (PVP) was excellent (76%). Stability was good in terms of finances and logistics, whereas representativeness was insufficient (only 30%).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall performance of the surveillance system for dengue in Islamabad is excellent in terms of sensitivity and the PVP. Timeliness is excellent, and acceptability is good, whereas representativeness is poor. Coverage of the system needs to be extended and private setups and laboratories included. Feedback being an important aspect of the planning cycle needs improvement.
Неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки та артеріальна гіпертензія: патогенетичні чинники формування та прогресування
Authors: Pasiyeshvili L.M. , Zheleznyakova N.M. , Pasiyeshvili T.M. 
Published: January 2022

Поєднаний перебіг найбільш поширених та соціально значущих захворювань внутрішніх органів, таких як артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) та неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки (НАЖХП), може призводити до змін у патогенетичних ланках захворювань. У такому разі метою роботи було визначення механізмів формування та прогресування АГ у хворих на НАЖХП. До роботи було залучено 36 хворих із поєднанням АГ та НАЖХП та 21 пацієнт з ізольованою АГ. Визначали вміст інтерлейкінів-1, -2, -4, -6 та -8, циркулюючих імунних комплексів, суму показника системи комплементу й рівень автосенсибілізації лімфоцитів до власних антигенів. Установлено, що поєднаний перебіг АГ та НАЖХП призводить до змін в імунологічному спектрі крові, що характеризуються збільшенням показників запального процесу (прозапальних цитокінів, сумарного значення системи комплементу), що сприяє формуванню стеатогепатиту. Тобто при поєднаному перебігу АГ та НАЖХП виникають передумови прогресування патологічного процесу, мішенями якого є серце, нирки та печінка.