bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diammonium‐Mediated Perovskite Film Formation for High‐Luminescence Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Nan , Apergi Sofia , Chan Christopher C. S. , Jia Yongheng , Xie Fangyan , Liang Qiong , Li Gang , Wong Kam Sing , Brocks Geert , Tao Shuxia , Zhao Ni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract3D mixed‐halide perovskite‐based red emitters combine excellent charge‐transport characteristics with simple solution processing and good film formation; however, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on these emitters cannot yet outperform their nanocrystal counterparts. Here the use of diammonium halides in regulating the formation of mixed bromide–iodide perovskite films is explored. It is found that the diammonium cations preferentially bond to Pb–Br, rather than Pb–I, octahedra, promoting the formation of quasi‐2D phases. It is proposed that the perovskite formation is initially dominated by the crystallization of the thermodynamically more favorable 3D phase, but, as the solution gets depleted from the regular A cations, thin shells of amorphous quasi‐2D perovskites form. This leads to crystalline perovskite grains with efficiently passivated surfaces and reduced lattice strain. As a result, the diammonium‐treated perovskite LEDs demonstrate a record luminance (10745 cd m−2) and half‐lifetime among 3D perovskite‐based red LEDs.
Perception‐to‐Cognition Tactile Sensing Based on Artificial‐Intelligence‐Motivated Human Full‐Skin Bionic Electronic Skin
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Li Hao , Gao Song , Li Yang , Wei Xiao , Chen Yuke , Yue Wenjing , Zhou Weijia , Shen Guozhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraditional electronic skin (e‐skin), due to the lack of human‐brain‐like thinking and judging capability, is powerless to accelerate the pace to the intelligent era. Herein, artificial intelligence (AI)‐motivated full‐skin bionic (FSB) e‐skin consisting of the structures of human vellus hair, epidermis–dermis–hypodermis, is proposed. Benefiting from the double interlocked layered microcone structure and supercapacitive iontronic effect, the FSB e‐skin exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity of 8053.1 kPa−1 (<1 kPa), linear sensitivity of 3103.5 kPa−1 (1–34 kPa), and fast response/recovery time of <5.6 ms. In addition, it can realize the evolution from tactile perception to advanced intelligent tactile cognition after being equipped with a “brain”. First, static/dynamic contactless tactile perception is achieved based on the triboelectric effect of the vellus hair bionics. Second, the supercapacitive iontronic effect based structural bionics of the epidermis–dermis–hypodermis and a five‐layer multilayer perception (MLP) enable the general intelligent tactile cognition of gesture cognition and robot interaction. Most importantly, by making full use of the FSB e‐skin with a six‐layer MLP neural network, an advanced intelligent material cognition system is developed for real‐time cognition of the object material species and locations via one contact, which surpasses the capability of humans.
Optical Optimization with Microstructure Evolution Inspired from Lepidopteran Scales
Authors: Zhao Xinkun , Wang Wanlin , Zhang Wang , Wang Bo , Li Jiyou , Zhang Di 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLepidopteran scales exhibit exquisite architectures that produce complex optical performance, such as structural colors for multiple survival strategies. However, how do these optical properties evolve to achieve such an excellent performance remains enigmatic because of the rarity of fossils and complexity of the gene regulatory network. Here, inspired by the primitive lepidopteran fossils, it is deduced that the morphology of these multilayered scales can be expressed by the basic trigonometric function sin(x) = t. A unified evolving model (UEM) is developed to reconstruct the evolutionary process from original multilayers to the current lepidopteran scale microstructures. The simulated optical response results show that factors such as the light absorption, warning coloration, and visual range intensity are optimized for survival by these insect individuals. The UEM provides a route to rationalizing other natural periodic microstructures. Furthermore, microstructure parameterization can facilitate the design of the nano‐optical materials. Corresponding results can help develop specific applications such as photothermal conversion, radiative cooling, and camouflaging.
Versatile Polarization Conversion and Wavefront Shaping Based on Fully Phase‐Modulated Metasurface with Complex Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Yue Zhen , Li Jitao , Liu Jingyu , Li Jie , Zheng Chenglong , Wang Guocui , Xu Hang , Chen Mingyang , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fully phase‐modulated metasurfaces, implementing independent wavefront control of output cross‐ and co‐polarized components under circularly polarized (CP) incidence, can effectively break the shackles that the Pancharatnam–Berry phases and spin‐decoupled metasurfaces can only manipulate the cross‐polarization component. With this, the scheme of complex amplitude modulation is introduced as a new degree of freedom, which can further modulate the intensity and phase of the output cross‐polarized (co‐polarized) component, and thus become an alternative approach for designing multi‐functional polarization manipulation metasurfaces. Three representative metasurfaces are verified with particular polarization conversion and wavefront shaping, demonstrating the flexibility and practicability of the design scheme. Such a concept opens up a new platform for multifarious integrated optics through harnessing the new degree of freedom and may further accelerate the development of metasurface polarization optics.
Dual Optimization of Bulk and Surface via Guanidine Halide for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Zhou Wencai , Chen Xiaoqing , Chen Yichuan , Li Xuhong , Wang Manqi , Zhou Ying , Yan Hui , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to improve both performance and stability of perovskite solar cells, a design is provided by combining the advantages of high‐efficiency 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and long‐term stability 2D PSCs. A 2D/3D hybrid perovskite film with a dual (bulk‐ and surface‐) passivation approach is realized, based on in‐depth discussion of the guanidine halide (GuX) passivation mechanisms. The approach can reduce the charge carrier losses in the bulk and prevent decomposition at the surface. Based on a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, Urbach energy, and photovoltage measurements, it is indicated that the engineered components of GuX salts are GuCl for bulk treatment and GuI surface treatment, respectively. The former can lower the nonradiative recombination, and the latter can prevent the halogen‐out. Moreover, drive‐level capacitance profiling is employed in the context of the 2D/3D perovskite structure for revealing and proving the passivation mechanism. The 2D/3D hybrid perovskites achieve long‐term stability (efficiency degradation <10% after 30 days without encapsulation) and significant enhanced efficiency (22.53%) compared with the efficiency (20.31%) of the control device. This work represents a rational design strategy for bulk and surface passivation treatment in 2D/3D hybrid perovskites.
Cooperative localization and control of multiple heterogeneous robots using a string formation
Authors: Kim Jonghoek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is on cooperative localization and control of multiple heterogeneous robots utilizing a string formation. This formation is preferred, since robots can move along a narrow passage utilizing this formation. Dead reckoning localization based on inertial measurement units leads to accumulated localization error. To avoid the error accumulation in dead reckoning localization, this paper introduces the last‐move strategy for multiple heterogeneous robots. In the last‐move strategy, a single robot is selected for maneuvering, and it turns on its bearing‐range sensors for a short amount of time, in order to locate itself. While the selected robot moves, all other robots stop moving and perform as static landmarks for the moving robot. A robot may not maintain its desired course, in the case where environmental disturbance is severe. We thus develop a control strategy for avoiding obstacles while estimating the disturbance direction at a robot's location. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is novel in localization and control of a team of heterogeneous robots, considering the case where environmental disturbance is severe. The proposed localization process is energy‐efficient, thus is suitable for practical applications. The performance of the proposed schemes is demonstrated utilizing MATLAB simulations.
Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Spackman Emily , Lerh Jian Wei , Rodgers Jacqui , Hollocks Matthew J. , South Mikle , McConachie Helen , Ozsivadjian Ann , Vaughan Van Hecke Amy , Libove Robin , Hardan Antonio Y. , Leekam Susan R. , Simonoff Emily , Frazier Thomas W. , Alvares Gail A. , Schwartzman Jessica M. , Magiati Iliana , Uljarević Mirko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine anxiety profiles among children and adolescents on the autism spectrum. It further aimed to characterize the association between the identified anxiety profiles and key clinical and developmental variables. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale‐Parent Version (SCAS‐P) data from a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of autistic children and adolescents (Mage = 11.6 years, SDage = 2.77; 107 females) was used. Latent profile analysis identified a three‐anxiety profile solution exhibiting high entropy (0.80) and high latent profile probabilities, with good classification accuracy. Identified profiles fell along the severity spectrum and were named as the mild (n = 498), moderate (n = 272) and severe (n = 100) anxiety profiles. There were no statistically significant differences between the three anxiety profiles in terms of sex distribution. Participants in the mild profile were significantly younger than those in the severe profile, had significantly fewer social communication difficulties than youth in the moderate anxiety profile group and had significantly fewer restricted and repetitive behaviors and lower cognitive functioning scores compared to participants in moderate and severe anxiety profiles. This is the first study to move beyond identifying associations and group‐level differences to exploring and identifying characteristics of anxiety‐based subgroups at an individual level that differ on key clinical and developmental variables. The subgroups identified in this study are a preliminary, yet important, first step towards informing future assessment and individualized interventions aiming to support young people on the autism spectrum to reduce and manage anxiety.Lay SummaryThis study tried to understand if there are subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar anxiety profiles. We found that we could meaningfully group young people into three groups based on how severe the anxiety symptoms their caregivers reported were: a group with low levels of anxiety, those with moderate anxiety, and those with more severe anxiety. We also found that the young people in the mild group were younger, had fewer autism traits and lower levels of intellectual functioning than young people in the other two groups.
Supported Ru Single Atoms and Clusters on P‐Doped Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for H2O2 Production
Authors: Bai Lulu , Sun Hao , Wu Qiang , Yao Weifeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic H2O2 evolution via two‐electron oxygen reduction is a promising path for renewable and on‐the‐spot H2O2 production compared with the traditional anthraquinone method. However, the efficiency of photocatalytic production of H2O2 is usually very low. Herein, P‐doped carbon nitride loaded with ruthenium single atoms and clusters (Ruatom/P‐CN) is reported as an efficient photocatalyst for H2O2 production. The yield of H2O2 over Ruatom/P‐CN (385.8 mmol g−1 h−1) is about 4.3 times higher than that of P‐CN (88.9 mmol g−1 h−1) and 3.6 times higher than that of ruthenium nanoparticles loaded P‐CN (105.9 mmol g−1 h−1). Further mechanistic study indicates that the presence of Ru in the form of single atoms and clusters not only improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and inhibits the recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, but also increases the reactive sites of this catalytic system. This study breaks through people‘s understanding that precious metal loading is not conducive to H2O2 selectivity and provides a new way to prepare low‐metal loading, high‐activity photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
Decomposition Kinetics of H2O2 on Pd Nanocrystals with Different Shapes and Surface Strains
Authors: Shi Yifeng , Elnabawy Ahmed O. , Gilroy Kyle D. , Hood Zachary D. , Chen Ruhui , Wang Chenxiao , Mavrikakis Manos , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDirect synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from H2 and O2 on a Pd‐based catalyst has emerged as a promising route to replace the energy‐consuming, highly inefficient anthraquinone process. However, Pd is also a good catalyst for the decomposition of H2O2, thereby compromising the selectivity toward the desired product. The coupling between the formation and decomposition reactions makes it difficult to single out the most important parameter that controls the selectivity toward direct synthesis of H2O2. Herein, support‐free monometallic Pd nanocrystals with different shapes and surface strains are used to investigate their impacts on the decomposition kinetics of H2O2. The kinetics are analyzed by tracking the concentration of the remaining H2O2 using infrared spectroscopy. The data indicates that both surface structure and strain affect the decomposition kinetics of H2O2, but their impacts are inferior to that caused by Br−, a surface capping agent for the Pd{100} facets. The experimental results are consistent with the trend obtained through density functional theory calculations. This work helps shed light on the development of Pd‐based catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 by offering strategies to mitigate the decomposition of the desired product.
Synergistically boosting the elementary reactions over multiheterogeneous ordered macroporous Mo2C/NC‐Ru for highly efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Kaixi , Wang Shuo , Hui Kwan San , Gao Haixing , Dinh Duc Anh , Yuan Chengzong , Zha Chenyang , Shao Zongping , Tang Zikang , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSimultaneously enhancing the reaction kinetics, mass transport, and gas release during alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to minimizing the reaction polarization resistance, but remains a big challenge. Through rational design of a hierarchical multiheterogeneous three‐dimensionally (3D) ordered macroporous Mo2C‐embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon with ultrafine Ru nanoclusters anchored on its surface (OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru), we realize both electronic and morphologic engineering of the catalyst to maximize the electrocatalysis performance. The formed Ru‐NC heterostructure shows regulative electronic states and optimized adsorption energy with the intermediate H*, and the Mo2C‐NC heterostructure accelerates the Volmer reaction due to the strong water dissociation ability as confirmed by theoretical calculations. Consequently, superior HER activity in alkaline solution with an extremely low overpotential of 15.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with the mass activity more than 17 times higher than that of the benchmark Pt/C, an ultrasmall Tafel slope of 22.7 mV dec−1, and excellent electrocatalytic durability were achieved, attributing to the enhanced mass transport and favorable gas release process endowed from the unique OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru structure. By oxidizing OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru into OMS MoO3‐RuO2 catalyst, it can also be applied as efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst, enabling the construction of a quasi‐symmetric electrolyzer for overall water splitting. Such a device's performance surpassed the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C || RuO2 electrolyzer. This study provides instructive guidance for designing 3D‐ordered macroporous multicomponent catalysts for efficient catalytic applications.
The separation of several organophosphate pesticides on immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases
Authors: Champion William L. , Watts William L. , Umstead Weston J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile not initially a focus or priority, in recent decades, an emphasis has been placed on the activity of individual enantiomers of widely used pesticides. Of particular note are organophosphorus‐based pesticides like fenamiphos and profenofos, as examples. This work explores the enantioselective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of seven such organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) on the library of immobilized polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with normal phase hexane/alcohol mixtures. Further exploration of the effect of mobile phase strength and temperature on several of the separations was performed using simple factorial design. Equivalent retention of the first eluting enantiomer of several combinations of temperature and mobile phase was compared for peak shape, selectivity, and resolution. Similarly, equivalent selectivity of several combinations of temperature and mobile phase was compared for peak shape, retention of the first eluting enantiomer, and resolution. The results of this study make available several new chiral separations of the OPs included in the work that were not previously documented, including separations on the three most recently commercialized phases, Chiralpak IH, IJ, and IK. Additionally, sufficient understanding was obtained to be able to predict the trade‐off of resolution, analysis time, peak sharpness (and thus improve limit‐of‐detection [LOD]/limit‐of‐quantification [LOQ]), robustness, and convenience of conditions for further application optimization.
Zukunft Zirkularwirtschaft
Authors: Nienhaus Bernd , Gezork Klaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiokunststoffe werden auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe hergestellt. so ist neben der Unabhängigkeit von fossilen Produkten auch die Klima‐ und Umweltbilanz signifikant besser. Eine herausragende Rolle bei der Herstellung biobasierter Plattformchemikalien oder Monomere spielt die aerobe Fermentation. Dabei ist der gerührte Großfermenter eine hocheffiziente Prozesslösung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Stofftransport, Wärmeübergang und die dadurch erreichbare Ausbeute und Produktqualität.
Qualität von Anfang an
Authors: Brosig Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWasser zur pharmazeutischen Verwendung unterliegt besonders strengen Qualitätskriterien. Das Unternehmen Envirofalk Pharma‐Water‐Systems nutzt Technik von Jumo, um diese Standards einhalten zu können. Die Auswahl der optimalen Messtechnik für Leitfähigkeit, Temperatur und Druck ist ein entscheidendes Kriterium.
Gerätequalifikation des eigenen Equipments
Authors: Teumer Nicki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChromatographische Geräte in einem geregelten Umfeld müssen regelmäßig durch die Hersteller selbst oder Prüfeinrichtungen qualifiziert werden. Für die Gerätenutzer birgt das einen hohen Kosten‐ und Verwaltungsaufwand. Damit die Qualifizierung kosten‐ und zeiteffizienter erfolgen kann, hat Anatox das AIQ‐Tool entwickelt: Mit der Software werden autorisierte Gerätenutzer in die Lage versetzt, Qualifizierungen in sehr kurzer Zeit herstellerunabhängig selbst durchzuführen.
The yield and effectiveness of breast cancer surveillance in women with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Hoxhaj Alma , Drissen Meggie M.C.M. , Vos Janet R. , Bult Peter , Mann Ritse M. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWomen with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) are offered breast cancer (BC) surveillance because of an increased BC lifetime risk. Surveillance guidelines are, however, expert opinion–based because of a lack of data. We aimed to assess the yield and effectiveness of BC surveillance and the prevalence and type of breast disease in women with PHTS.MethodsSixty‐five women with PHTS who visited our center between 2001 and 2021 were included. Surveillance consisted of annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography from ages 25 and 30 years, respectively.ResultsThirty‐nine women enrolled in the BC surveillance program (median age at first examination, 38 years [range, 24–70]) and underwent 156 surveillance rounds. Surveillance led to detection of BC in 7/39 women (cancer detection rate [CDR], 45/1000 rounds) and benign breast lesions (BBLs) in 11/39 women. Overall sensitivity2 (which excludes prophylactic‐mastectomy detected BCs) was 100%, whereas sensitivity2 of mammography and MRI alone was 50% and 100%, respectively. Overall specificity was higher in follow‐up rounds (86%) versus first rounds (71%). Regardless of surveillance, 21/65 women developed 35 distinct BCs (median age at first diagnosis, 40 years [range, 24–59]) and 23/65 developed 89 BBLs (median age at first diagnosis, 38 years [range, 15–61]). Surveillance‐detected BCs were all T1 and N0, whereas outside surveillance‐detected BCs were more often ≥T2 (60%) and N+ (45%) (p < .005).ConclusionsThe findings show that annual BC surveillance with MRI starting at age 25 years enables detection of early‐stage BCs. Performance measures of surveillance and CDR were both high. BBLs were commonly present, underlining the importance of evaluation of all lesions independently.Lay summary

Breast cancer surveillance leads to decreased tumor stage and improved survival.

Breast cancer surveillance with breast magnetic resonance imaging from age 25 years onward is recommended.
Algebraic approximation of the distributed model for the pressure drop in the respiratory airways
Authors: Polak Adam G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complexity of the human respiratory system causes that one of the main methods of analyzing the dynamic pulmonary phenomena and interpreting experimental results are simulations of its computational models. Among the most compound elements of these models, apart from the bronchial tree structure, is the phenomenon of flow limitation in flexible bronchi, which causes them to collapse with increasing flow, thus their properties, such as resistance, compliance and inertance, are highly nonlinear and time‐varying. Commonly, this phenomenon is ignored, or a distributed model for the airway pressure drop is applied, simulated with a modified numerical solver of this differential equation (ODE). The disadvantages of this solution are the problems with taking into account the inherent singularity of the model and the long computation time due to iterative nature of the ODE procedure. The aim of the work was to derive an algebraic approximation of this distributed model, suitable for implementation in continuous dynamic models, to validate it by comparing the results of simulations with the respiratory system model including approximate and original (ODE solver) numerical procedures, as well as to evaluate possible acceleration of calculations. All simulations, including spontaneous breathing, mechanical ventilation with the optimal ventilatory waveform and forced expiration, proved that algebraic approximation yielded results negligibly differing from the ODE solution, and shortened the computation time by an order. The proposed approach is an attractive alternative in the case of computer implementations of pulmonary models, where simulations of flows and pressures in the complex respiratory system are of primary importance.