bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Women’s Self-Management Strategies for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis in New York City
Authors: Davis Alissa , Sun Yihang , Chitnis Julia , Brenner Rachel , Landers Sara , Pathela Preeti , Crawley Addie , Ashmore Mary 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal condition among women, yet limited data exist on how women manage recurring BV and their perceptions of BV triggers. This study aimed to explore women’s experiences with BV onset and recurrence, the various self-treatment strategies used, and adherence to medication regimens.

Methods
From March 2020-May 2022, we recruited females at birth ages ≥18 years, who had received a BV diagnosis within the past year at one of four New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) sexual health clinics (SHCs) to take part in semi-structured interviews.

Results
A total of 41 women participated, with over half (n = 23) from the SHC in the Bronx.
Most women identified as non-Hispanic or Hispanic Black (n = 32), and nearly a quarter as bisexual (n = 8). Women cited sexual (e.g., partner infidelity) and non-sexual (e.g., diet, perfumed soaps) triggers for BV recurrence. To reduce BV recurrence, women reported engaging in self-management strategies like dietary and hygiene changes, including some practices (e.g., increased douching) that are known to exacerbate BV. Some women reported low adherence to the seven-day metronidazole pill regimen, primarily due to side effects.

Discussion
Findings highlight self-management strategies women use to reduce BV recurrence and indicate further education about which strategies may be helpful or harmful is needed. Some patients may need additional BV medication adherence support for multi-day dosing of oral metronidazole or access to alternate treatment regimens.
Improving Time to First Feeding for Preterm Infants: A Quality Improvement Approach
Authors: May Molly F. , McKinney Melissa L. , Cestare Danielle , Hussey Alicia , Zevallos Alvaro Barboza , Garber Samuel , Posencheg Michael A. , Puopolo Karen M. , Mukhopadhyay Sagori 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Early initiation of enteral feeding is reported to reduce sepsis and mortality in preterm infants. Less than half of stable infants born <35 weeks gestational age with birth weight <2,000 g are fed within 24 hours of birth at our center.

Methods:
The Specific, measureable, achievable, relevant, timely aim of this quality improvement project was to increase the initiation of enteral feeding within 24 hours of birth from 49% (baseline) to 75% among infants born <35 weeks gestational age with birth weight <2,000 g between November 2022 and December 2023. We identified the unavailability of a mother’s own milk as a major barrier to early feeding initiation. Project interventions included antenatal lactation consultation, patient-dedicated breast pumps, standardized feeding orders, and multidisciplinary education. The outcome measure was the time to first enteral feeding, and the balancing measures were the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the use of formula for first feeding.

Results:
The proportion of infants with feeding initiated within 24 hours of birth increased from 49% to 80% during the project period. The incidence of NEC was unchanged (1.9% before and during the project period). Both before and during the project, feedings were most frequently initiated with pasteurized donor human milk (49.7% versus 58.7%), followed by mother’s own milk (37.8% versus 35.6%) and formula (12.5% versus 5.8%).

Conclusions:
This quality improvement project increased the proportion of eligible infants fed within 24 hours of birth without a change in the incidence of NEC or an increase in formula use as first feeding.
The Association of Anemia on Non-AIDS Defining Cancer and Subsequent Survival among People with HIV following Antiretroviral Initiation
Authors: Lang Raynell , Coburn Sally B. , Gill M John , Grossman Jennifer , Mayor Angel , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J. , Rabkin Charles S. , Moore Richard D , Kirk Greg D , Karris Maile Y , Justice Amy C. , Althoff Keri N ,   for the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: February 2025

Background:
The association of anemia as a predictive and prognostic indicator of non-AIDS defining cancer (NADC) among people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown. We evaluated the presence of anemia and its severity as a predictor of NADC and 5-year all-cause survival following an NADC diagnosis among PWH who had initiated antiretroviral therapy.

Setting:
North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)

Methods:
We included PWH (≥18 years) on ART between 01/01/2007-12/31/2016 with no prior cancer diagnosis. Annual median hemoglobin was categorized into mild (11.0-12.9g/dL men, 11.0-11.9g/dL women) and moderate/severe (<10.9g/dL regardless of sex) anemia. Discrete time-to-event models using a complementary log-log link estimated crude and adjusted hazards ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals for NADC by anemia severity. Five-year mortality following NADC diagnosis by anemia was evaluated.

Results:
Among 67,228 PWH contributing 301,421 annual median hemoglobin observations, 244,658 (81%) were not anemic, 40,134 (13%) had mild and 16,629 (6%) had moderate/severe anemia. The risk of NADC was higher among PWH with anemia (aHR 2.40[2.19-2.63]) (vs. no anemia) and greater among males (aHR 2.42[2.20-2.66]) than females (aHR 2.02[1.42-2.89]). NADC risk increased with worsening anemia (mild: aHR 2.01[1.81-2.23], moderate/severe: aHR 3.59[3.13-4.11]). The five-year all-cause mortality following NADC diagnosis was higher (aHR 1.37[1.21-1.55]) among PWH with anemia.

Conclusions:
Among PWH who initiated ART, anemia may serve as a predictive indicator of NADC risk. Identification of anemia should warrant investigations into the underlying etiology, including evaluation for NADC. Anemia is also a prognostic indicator among PWH diagnosed with NADC.
Leronlimab Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 (OPTIMIZE): a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gathe Joseph C. , Dejesus Edwin , Ramgopal Moti N. , Rolle Charlotte-Paige , Yang Otto O. , Sanchez William E. , Lalezari Jacob P. , Krishen Alok , Sacha Jonah B. , Hansen Scott G. , Meidling Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Leronlimab is a humanized κ-IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). We investigated leronlimab as a treatment option for people living with multidrug-resistant HIV-1.

Setting
and Methods: In a phase 2b/3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 21 hospital centers in the United States, treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) with documented drug resistance were randomly assigned once weekly leronlimab (350 mg subcutaneously) or matching placebo for one week overlapping existing failing antiretroviral treatment (ART), followed by a 24-week single-arm extension with weekly leronlimab combined with a new optimized background treatment (OBT). The primary endpoint was achieving ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA from baseline at the end of the one-week double-blinded treatment period.

Results:
52 participants were enrolled (25 leronlimab and 27 placebo). After the one-week randomized phase, by the intent-to-treat analysis 64.0% (16/25) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 23.1% (6/26) receiving placebo (p=0.0032), while by per protocol analysis 72.7% (16/22) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 24.0% (6/25) receiving placebo (p=0.0008). Leronlimab was generally well tolerated with no drug-related SAEs reported. Overall, 175 adverse events were reported by 34/52 participants, with 120 (68.6%) adverse events categorized as mild.

Conclusions:
Leronlimab resulted in significantly reduced plasma HIV-1 within one week after addition to failing ART. After 24 weeks combined with an OBT, most participants had plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies per mL plasma, suggesting utility of leronlimab as a component of salvage therapy.
Birth and death processes in phylogenetics and population genetics
Authors: Tavaré Simon 
Published: February 2025

This review focuses on linear birth-and-death processes (LBDPs), describing the basic properties of the population-size process and the underlying ancestral trees that record how the evolving species (or individuals or cells) are related. The first section describes the Yule, or linear birth, process setting. Analogous results for the birth-and-death process (BDP) are given. The stochastic structure of the reconstructed tree obtained by pruning branches that do not survive to the present time is detailed. In §2, the BDP with immigration is described. Immigration is a mechanism to introduce new types into a population evolving through time. For the Yule process, marked Poisson process arguments are used to illustrate properties of the sample variance of the number of families observed in two consecutive time intervals. In the final section, we describe a recent method for approximate Bayesian computation using random forests, and illustrate it with an example of inference from DNA sequence data about the split rate and mutation rate in a birth-and-death model for the evolution of a cell population.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Leveraging graphical model techniques to study evolution on phylogenetic networks
Authors: Teo Benjamin , Bastide Paul , Ané Cécile 
Published: February 2025

The evolution of molecular and phenotypic traits is commonly modelled using Markov processes along a phylogeny. This phylogeny can be a tree, or a network if it includes reticulations, representing events such as hybridization or admixture. Computing the likelihood of data observed at the leaves is costly as the size and complexity of the phylogeny grows. Efficient algorithms exist for trees, but cannot be applied to networks. We show that a vast array of models for trait evolution along phylogenetic networks can be reformulated as graphical models, for which efficient belief propagation algorithms exist. We provide a brief review of belief propagation on general graphical models, then focus on linear Gaussian models for continuous traits. We show how belief propagation techniques can be applied for exact or approximate (but more scalable) likelihood and gradient calculations, and prove novel results for efficient parameter inference of some models. We highlight the possible fruitful interactions between graphical models and phylogenetic methods. For example, approximate likelihood approaches have the potential to greatly reduce computational costs for phylogenies with reticulations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Low-phase-noise surface-acoustic-wave oscillator using an edge mode of a phononic band gap
Authors: Xi Zichen , Thomas Joseph G. , Ji Jun , Wang Dongyao , Cen Zengyu , Kravchenko Ivan I. , Srijanto Bernadeta R. , Yao Yu , Zhu Yizheng , Shao Linbo 
Published: February 2025

Low-phase-noise microwave-frequency integrated oscillators provide compact solutions for various applications in signal processing, communications, and sensing. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), featuring orders-of-magnitude shorter wavelength than electromagnetic waves at the same frequency, enable integrated microwave-frequency systems with much smaller footprint on chip. SAW devices also allow higher-quality () factors than electronic components at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate a low-phase-noise gigahertz-frequency SAW oscillator on 128°-cut lithium niobate, where the SAW resonator occupies a footprint of 0.05mm2. Leveraging phononic crystal band-gap-edge modes to balance between factors and insertion losses, our 1-GHz SAW oscillator features a low phase noise of −132.5 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset frequency and an overlapping Hadamard deviation of 6.5 × 10−10 at an analysis time of 64 ms. The SAW resonator-based oscillator holds high potential in developing low-noise sensors and acousto-optic integrated circuits.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Green fund shareholdings and firms’ dual performance: based on the perspective of institutional logic
Authors: Nie Yi , Luo Lin , Geng Xiulin 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
Green funds represent a hybrid approach that integrates both environmental and financial considerations. Firms also strive to balance social benefits with economic performance. This study aims to analyze how green fund shareholdings impact firms’ dual performance and explores the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sample of A-share companies listed on China’s exchanges from 2008 to 2022. A fixed effects model is used to assess the dual value of green funds in enhancing both environmental and financial performance while also exploring viable pathways to achieve a “win-win” outcome.

Findings
Green fund shareholdings significantly enhance both financial and environmental performance, with corporate reputation and corporate transparency acting as mediators. Media oversight and executive compensation positively moderate the relationship between green fund shareholdings and dual performance. In competitive industries, the influence of green fund shareholdings on environmental performance is more pronounced than their effect on financial performance. In the context of politically connected firms, green fund shareholdings have a reduced impact on financial performance, with no significant difference in environmental performance. In addition, the impact of green funds on ownership structure is heterogeneous, promoting dual performance in private firms but not in state-owned enterprises.

Originality/value
This study enhances the understanding of green funds’ dual investment logic, provides deeper insights into their role in fostering sustainable corporate development and extends the application of institutional logic in enterprise management.
Tomatoes in deep water
Authors: Choudhry Misbah Tanveer 
Published: February 2025

Learning outcomes
The case is designed to exemplify the following microeconomics concepts:
▪ factors affecting demand and supply;
▪ movement along the demand and supply curves;
▪ shifts in the demand and supply curves;
▪ price elasticity of demand and supply in the short run;
▪ the cross-price elasticity of demand;
▪ regulated markets; and
▪ government import policies.

Case overview/synopsis
Dr Sania Rizvi, an agricultural economist and head of the task force committee on rising food prices, was heading the meeting, focusing on the unprecedented increase in food items generally, mainly the trek in tomato prices. Sania, who had ten years of experience in food supply chain dynamics and market analysis, adopted a thorough approach by considering all the elements influencing tomato prices. This included analyzing issues related to production at the farm level, logistical difficulties, market demand and import policies. The year 2022 brought with it exceptional circumstances of massive monsoon floods, affecting the supply and demand factors in the tomato market. This led to sharp hikes in prices, actual and artificial supply shortages and changes in consumer demand because of expectations of future supply shortages. The massive floods during the monsoon season destroyed standing tomato crops and damaged transport infrastructure, creating a supply shortage. Surviving tomato crops were hoarded by profiteers in hopes of driving prices higher. The Government of Pakistan relaxed restrictions and taxes on tomato imports from Iran and Afghanistan to ease the situation. Moreover, the lack of temperature-controlled storage environments for perishable products, such as tomatoes, presented a significant challenge for the tomato supply chain, particularly in times of crisis, such as the one witnessed in 2022 in Pakistan. Sania’s report was anticipated to play a crucial role in formulating initiatives to alleviate the burden on consumers and establish long-term stability in the market.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate and graduate-level programs.
This case is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in a management program focusing on microeconomics. In particular, the theme covered is supply and demand and elasticity analysis. It can also be used in agricultural economics, public policy, supply chain management, and executive training to familiarize participants with these concepts.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 10: Public Sector Management.
Mind the gap: unveiling the advantages and challenges of artificial intelligence in the healthcare ecosystem
Authors: Curiello Simona , Iannuzzi Enrica , Meissner Dirk , Nigro Claudio 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis work provides an overview of academic articles on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. It delves into the innovation process, encompassing a two-stage trajectory of exploration and development followed by dissemination and adoption. To illuminate the transition from the first to the second stage, we use prospect theory (PT) to offer insights into the effects of risk and uncertainty on individual decision-making, which potentially lead to partially irrational choices. The primary objective is to discern whether clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can serve as effective means of “cognitive debiasing”, thus countering the perceived risks.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of the adoption of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in healthcare. We selected English articles dated 2013–2023 from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, found using keywords such as “Artificial Intelligence,” “Healthcare” and “CDSS.” A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate literature productivity and its impact on this topic.FindingsOf 322 articles, 113 met the eligibility criteria. These pointed to a widespread reluctance among physicians to adopt AI systems, primarily due to trust-related issues. Although our systematic literature review underscores the positive effects of AI in healthcare, it barely addresses the associated risks.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has certain limitations, including potential concerns regarding generalizability, biases in the literature review and reliance on theoretical frameworks that lack empirical evidence.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this study lies in its examination of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the risks associated with implementing AI systems. Moreover, it addresses liability issues involving a range of stakeholders, including algorithm developers, Internet of Things (IoT) manufacturers, communication systems and cybersecurity providers.
Ambulatory devices to detect sleep bruxism: a narrative review
Authors: Li C , Yap S , Loh A , Yap YJ , Kujan O , Balasubramaniam R 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity that occurs during sleep and presents as rhythmic or non‐rhythmic activities commonly seen in healthy individuals but might also represent movement or sleep disorders. Given that the clinical presentations of sleep bruxism are relevant to dentistry, the early detection of sleep bruxism is of particular interest to dentists. However, the gold standard for sleep bruxism diagnosis involves polysomnography with audio‐visual recording – a resource intensive and mostly inaccessible diagnostic method. As such, ambulatory devices to detect sleep bruxism have the potential to address the limitations of polysomnography. This review of the literature was carried out up until December 2024 on commercially available ambulatory devices in detecting sleep bruxism. Select ambulatory devices appear promising as a preliminary screening tool for sleep bruxism both in clinical practice and for domestic use.
Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes
Authors: Ireland Kelsey , Hughes Madeleine , Dean Nicola R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundGender diverse people in Australia have higher levels of psychological stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and have poorer self‐reported health than cisgender people.ObjectivesTo determine if adults who experience gender incongruence have improved health‐related quality of life and mental health with gender affirming treatment (hormone therapy and surgery), compared with no treatment.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Psych Info.Review methodsA systematic review of peer‐reviewed publications in English from January 2010 to October 2022. Studies were included where: participants were treated with gender affirming surgery or hormone therapy for minimum 3 months and; validated patient reported outcome measures of health‐related quality of life or mental health were reported. Quality of evidence assessment was undertaken using the Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision evaluation tool.ResultsEighty‐one publications were included for analysis. The systematic review indicated that there were significant improvements in the domains of mental illness, gender dysphoria, body image and health‐related quality of life following gender affirming medical treatment as measured by a variety of patient reported outcomes. Meta‐analysis showed significant improvement in body image (z = 4.47, P < 0.001) and health‐related quality of life for psychological (z = 1.99, P = 0.047) and social relationships (z = 3.09, P = 0.002) following gender affirming surgery.ConclusionsThere is evidence that hormones and surgery as a collective for adults with gender incongruence has therapeutic value and should be considered for funding within Australia's healthcare systems. The development and implementation of patient‐reported outcome tools tailored for purpose (GENDER Q) will facilitate future research.
Exploring the Role of Play and Family Activities Among Families Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Pic Annette , Han Myae , Shekhar Sofina , Strickland Lauren M. , Maurer Natilie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLiterature documents the importance of play in children's learning and development. Yet, little attention has been given to play and family activities among families experiencing homelessness with young children. This study explored daily play and family activities among 10 families experiencing homelessness using qualitative methods. Qualitative analysis using Dedoose coding software revealed three key themes: Play is an integral part of family life, serves as a foundation for shared family activities and is perceived as a mechanism for learning and assessing child development. The implication of the study highlights the importance of using a strengths‐based approach for future interventions supporting these families.