bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Global Functional Connectivity During Sound Location Processing: An Auditory MMN Study
Authors: Wang Songjian , Li Chunlin , Zhen Li , Wang Mengyue , Lin Meng , Qian Si , Hu Jiong , Pugh Esther , Zhang Xu , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Our ability to localize low-frequency sounds relies on interaural time differences (ITD), the sensitivity to which underlies our ability to localize sound sources in azimuth and to segregate competing sound sources across a wide range of situations. However, the cortical representation of ITD has not been well characterized. To investigate differences in evoked cortical potentials and global functional connectivity during the unattended processing of sound localization on the horizontal plane, auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded and analyzed in adults using a deviant-standard oddball paradigm. A central sound source at the centerline of the horizontal plane (ITD = 0μs) was used as the standard stimulus and lateralized sounds with various ITDs were used as deviant stimuli. Characteristics of event-related potentials (ERP) and MMN obtained from young adults were compared between different deviant stimulus groups. The time-frequency (TF) power at each electrode associated with standard and deviant conditions were calculated. Distribution differences of electrode power between standard and deviant stimuli among oddball experiments were compared. Phase lag index (PLI) was also calculated to examine the dynamics of functional connectivity in various deviant stimulus groups. Network topological parameters were calculated to examine the global efficiency of information transfer in different deviant stimulus groups. Results of MMN analysis indicated that sounds with larger deviations from centerline elicited MMNs with greater amplitudes and shorter latencies and the MMN response was stronger in the hemisphere contralateral to the deviant stimulus. Results from the TF analysis showed a significant event-related synchronization (ERS) in the theta frequency band. Results of PLI functional connectivity suggested that the deviant stimulus resulted in a global increase in connectivity in theta band. Increased functional connectivity was found in frontal electrode pairs in sound stimuli towards the central rather than peripheral sound stimuli, and the peripheral sound stimuli revealed a higher global efficiency. This study suggests that the auditory system response in horizontal sound localization appeared to originate from the activity of the theta band. Sound sources with larger deviations from the centerline revealed higher brain network efficiency.
Couple-based Study on the Association Between Chronic Diseases and Depressive Symptoms in China: a Cross-section Study
Authors: Zhou Yang , Ren Wen-Long , Chen Lun-Wen , Yan Guo-Dong , Yang Xiao-Hua , Chen Jie , Cao Li-Na , Gu Yun-Juan , Xiao Jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: We explored the association between several chronic diseases and depressive symptoms (DSs) at individual and couple levels.Methods: Data were derived from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 5365 middle-aged and elderly couples. DSs were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and chronic diseases were determined by self-report and doctor diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between chronic diseases and DSs.Results: Couples’ unilaterality with different numbers of chronic diseases had increased 16%–289% risk on their own DSs and 24%–39% risk on spousal DSs. Couples with different numbers of chronic diseases increased their co-depression by 183%–834%, which was mainly increased in wives’ depressive symptoms (WDSs) by 51%–301%, more severe than husbands’ depressive symptoms (HDSs). WDSs and HDSs increased by 13%–111% in couples with unilateral respiratory disease, dyslipidaemia, digestive disease, arthritis, kidney disease, stroke, memory-related disease and by 24%–244% in couples’ co-morbidity of respiratory, metabolic, and digestive diseases, arthritis, heart problem, kidney disease, stroke. Further, co-depression increased by 34%–458% in couples with unilaterality/co-morbidity of these chronic diseases.Conclusions: Couples’ unilaterality/co-morbidity of most chronic diseases were associated with WDSs, HDSs, and co-depression. WDSs were more susceptible to chronic diseases than HDSs. Physical health of an individual could predict not only his/her own mental health but also his/her spouse’s mental health.
Incorporating Social Determinants of Health into the Mathematical Modeling of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Oliveira Robson , Rubio Felipe , Anderle Rodrigo , Sanchez Mauro , de Souza Luis , Macinko James , Dourado Ines , Rasella Davide 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently, it is estimated that 37.6 million people are living with the HIV/AIDS virus worldwide, placing HIV/AIDS among the 10 leading causes of death, mostly among low- and lower-middle-income countries. Despite the effective intervention in the prevention and treatment, this reduction did not occur equally among populations, subpopulations and geographic regions. This difference in the occurrence of the disease is associated with the social determinants of health (SDH), which could affect the transmission and maintenance of HIV. With the recognition of the importance of SDH in HIV transmission, the development of mathematical models that incorporate these determinants could increase the accuracy and robustness of the modeling. This article aims to propose a theoretical and conceptual way of including SDH in the mathematical modeling of HIV/AIDS.
Methods
The theoretical mathematical model with the Social Determinants of Health has been developed in stages. For the selection of SDH that were incorporated into the model, a narrative literature review was conducted. Secondly, we proposed an extended model in which the population (N) is divided into Susceptible (S), HIV-positive (I), Individual with AIDS (A) and individual under treatment (T). Each SDH had a different approach to embedding in the model.
Results
A total of 31 SDH were obtained in the review, divided into 4 groups: Individual Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Social Participation, and Health Services. In the end, 4 determinants were selected for incorporation into the model: Education, Poverty, Use of Drugs and Alcohol abuse, and Condoms Use.
Conclusions
The equations presented with the chosen SDH exemplify some approaches that we can adopt when thinking about modeling social effects on the occurrence of HIV. The recognition of the importance of including the SDH in the modeling and studies on HIV/AIDS is evident, due to its complexity and multicausality. Models that do not take into account in their structure, will probably miss a great part of the real trends, especially in periods, as the current on, of economic crisis and strong socioeconomic changes.
Feasibility and Safety of Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery Through an Inframammary Incision
Authors: Fayed Haytham Mahmoud , Yousry Joseph , El-Fayomi Tarek , Al-Husseini Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) became the treatment of choice for early breast cancer due to a better understanding of the disease's biological activity and natural history. With the addition of oncoplastic breast surgery (OPS), conservation could be conducted in relatively large tumors with the best possible cosmetic results and without jeopardizing oncological safety. OPS procedures are by incising the skin envelop of the breast then dissection of the dermoglandular breast tissue. An inframammary crease incision is a suitable choice as a hidden scar in the breast envelope because one of the primary considerations for good oncoplastic methods is the cosmetic outcome. It also provides easy access to the retromammary region. This study aims to assess the feasibility of adopting the retro glandular approach for breast-conserving surgery by making a skin incision in the inframammary fold (IMF)Patients and methods: This study involved 67 female patients with breast cancer who were candidates for BCS and had tumors deeply seated between January 2019 and July 2021. An incision is made in the inframammary fold, its length depends on the tumor site, the tumor was excised after retroglandular exploration. Reapproximation of the glandular pillars was done and the wound was closed after a closed suction drain was inserted. SPSS software package version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results: All patients were presented with mass, most of them (53.7%) had breast cup size B. 55.3% of cases had their tumor in the lower half of the breast. The median operative time was 125 (110 – 140) minutes. Seroma was the most common complication (8.9% of cases). 62.7% of cases had excellent results as judged by breast surgeons other than the operating surgeon. 82.1% of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results.Conclusion:The Inframammary approach for breast-conserving surgery is feasible and safe for surgical treatment of patients presented with deeply seated breast cancer.Trial registration: This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine on 16- 7- 2020. Approval number: 0106451.
The Diversity Of Wild Medicinal Plants Of Lufeng In Eastern Guangdong, China
Authors: Yang Jun , Huang Junkai , Shen Hongkang , Qin Xinsheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: Lufeng is located in the most backward coastal city in Guangdong, but it is a good place for medicinal plant cultivation because of the richness of plant species and the variety of land types, potential and adaptability. However, there are few comprehensive reports on the existing wild medicinal plants in Lufeng City. Relying on the fourth national census of Chinese medicine resources, this study aims to document the diversity of wild medicinal plant resources, medicinal properties, flavors, and effects, as well as the comprehensive value of key medicinal plants in Lufeng City.Methods: By consulting literature, collecting medicinal plants specimens, and field investigation, 36 sample sites and 32 sample lines in Lufeng were studied. For each described plant species, the composition of the family and genus, life forms, medicinal properties and flavors, the part of the plant used in medicine, and the medicinal uses were recorded. Key medicinal plants shall be determined by the catalog of the National Census of Chinese Medicinal Resources focused on the investigation of Chinese medicinal resources (Chinese herbal medicine), and the key medicinal plants with high comprehensive value in the city shall be determined by calculating the comprehensive value (SVMP).Results: 410 species of wild medicinal plants were identified, belonging to 304 genera and 118 families. Perennial herbs and shrubs were the main life forms. In terms of medicinal parts, the most are roots and rhizomes, accounting for 49.02%. WMPs with flat property (33.17%) took the largest proportion. These medicines mainly had three medicinal flavors, including sweet (39.27%) bitter (35.37%), and pungent (31.71%). The main uses of them were clearing heat (38.29%). The comprehensive value of imperative WMPs is high, but the development and utilization rate is low. Conclusion: Lufeng city is rich in the kinds of WMPs. In the future, in order to promote the local economic development, wild medicinal plants with high comprehensive value: Sargentodoxa cuneata, Plantago asiatica, Mentha canadensis, Juncus effusus and Turpinia montana should be developed. At the same time, the WMPs should be carefully considered in future development plans aimed at promoting sustainability.
Plasma Cell-free DNA 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Whole-Genome Sequencing Signatures for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Lu Di , Wu Xuanzhen , Wu Shuangxiu , Li Hui , Yan Xuebin , Zhai Jianxue , Dong Xiaoying , Feng Siyang , Sun Fuming , Wang Shaobo , Zhang Xueying , Cai Kaican 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Esophageal cancer is one of globally high incidence and mortality disease. Its early stage has rarely obvious symptoms. Compared to conventional endoscopy diagnosis, liquid biopsy is an emerging non-invasive method for cancer early detection.
Methods
We enrolled 100 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and 71 healthy individuals as a Southern China cohort and performed 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) sequencing on their plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). A Northern cohort of cfDNA 5hmC dataset with 150 ESCC patients and 183 health individuals were downloaded for validation. A diagnostic model was firstly developed based on cfDNA 5hmC signatures and then improved by low-pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) features of cfDNA.
Results
Conserved cfDNA 5hmC modification motifs were observed in the two independent ESCC cohorts. A diagnostic model with 273 5hmC features based on randomly-selected two-thirds samples of the Southern China cohort was validated independently in the left one-thirds samples and the whole Northern China cohort, achieved an AUC of 0.810 and 0.862 with sensitivities of 69.3–74.3% and specificities of 82.4–90.7%, respectively. The performance was well maintained in Stage I to Stage IV, with accuracy of 70%-100%, but low in Stage 0, with accuracy of 33.3%. Low-pass WGS of cfDNA improved the AUC to 0.934 with a sensitivity of 82.4%, a specificity of 88.2% and an accuracy of 84.3%, particularly significantly in Stage 0 with the accuracy up to 80%.
Conclusions
This study suggests that the blood-based 5hmC integrated with low-pass WGS model could improve the accurate diagnosis of early stage ESCC, particularly for very early stage ESCC.
Predictive Blood Biomarkers of Sheep Pregnancy and Litter Size
Authors: Goldansaz Seyed Ali , Markus Susan , Plastow Graham , Wishart David S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early detection of sheep pregnancy and the prediction of how many lambs a pregnant ewe delivers affects sheep farmers in a number of ways, most notably with regard to feed management, lambing rate, and sheep/lamb health. The standard practice for direct detection of sheep pregnancy and litter size (PLS) is ultrasonography. However, this approach has a number of limitations. Indirect measurement of PLS using blood biomarkers could offer a simpler, faster and earlier route to PLS detection. Therefore, we undertook a large-scale metabolomics study to identify and validate predictive serum biomarkers of sheep PLS. We conducted a longitudinal experiment that analyzed 131 serum samples over five timepoints (from seven days pre-conception to 70 days post-conception) from six commercial flocks in Alberta and Ontario, Canada. Using LC-MS/MS and NMR, we identified and quantified 107 metabolites in each sample. We also identified three panels of serum metabolite biomarkers that can predict ewe PLS as early as 50 days after breeding. These biomarkers were then validated in separate flocks consisting of 243 animals yielding areas-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AU-ROC) of 0.81–0.93. The identified biomarkers could lead to the development of a simple, low-cost blood test to measure PLS at an early stage of pregnancy. This could help optimize reproductive management on sheep farms.
How the Iranian Health Transformation Plan has changed inequality in healthcare financing in Iran?
Authors: Moeeni Maryam , Nosratnejad Shirin , Ponnet Koen , Rostampour Manizhe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction One of the major goals of health is providing a financing system without inequality; it has a significant impact on people’s access to healthcare. The present study aimed to investigate the inequality in households’ financial contribution to health expenditure before and after implementation of the Iranian Health Transformation Plan(HTP). Methods The present study is a secondary analysis of two waves of a national cross-sectional survey conducted in Iran. The data collected from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey(HIES) in 2013 and 2015. The research sample included 76,195 Iranian households. The inequality in households’ financial contributions to the health system(HFC) was assessed using the Gini coefficient, and the concentration index(CI). In addition, by using econometric modeling, the relationship between the implementation of the HTP and inequality in HFC was studied. The households’ financial included healthcare and health insurance prepayments. Results The Gini coefficient values were 0.67 and 0.65 in 2013 and 2015, respectively, which indicated a medium degree of inequality in HFC in both years. The CI values were 0.54 and 0.56 in 2013 and 2015, respectively, suggesting that inequalities in HFC were in favor of higher income quintiles in the years before and after the implementation of the HTP. Regression analysis showed Households with a female head, with an unemployed head, and with a head having income without a job were more contribution to financing health expenditure. The presence of a household member over the age of 65 was associated to higher level of HFC. The implementation of the HTP had a negative relationship with HFC. Discussion and conclusion The HTP, which aimed to provide an equal financing system, did not achieve the intended goal as enough. The implementation of HTP neglected factors at the individual and household levels, such as the presence of members older than age 60 in the family, a female household head, and unemployment; this resulted in a failure to reduce the inequality of HFC. We suggest that policy makers take into account individual factors and features of the household level to reduce inequality in HFC.
3D Deep Learning Versus the Current Methods for Predicting Tumor Invasiveness of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lv Yilv , Wei Ying , Xu Kuan , Zhang Xiaobin , Hua Rong , Huang Jia , Li Min , Tang Cui , Yang Long , Liu Bingchun , Yuan Yonggang , Li Siwen , Gao Yaozong , Zhang Xianjie , Wu Yifan , Han Yuchen , Shang Zhanxian , Yu Hong , Zhan Yiqiang , Shi Feng , Ye Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Different pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma lead to different treatment decisions and prognoses, and it is clinically important to distinguish invasive lung adenocarcinoma from preinvasive adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma). This study aims to investigate the performance of the deep learning approach on the classification of tumor invasiveness and compare it with the performances of currently available approaches.Methods: In this study, we propose a deep learning approach based on 3D conventional networks to automatically predict the invasiveness of pulmonary nodules. A total of 901 early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Shanghai Chest Hospital between November 2015 and March 2017 were retrospectively included and randomly assigned to a training set (n=814) or testing set 1 (n=87). We subsequently included 116 patients who underwent surgical treatment and intraoperative frozen section between April 2019 and January 2020 to form testing set 2. We compared the performance of our deep learning approach in predicting tumor invasiveness with that of intraoperative frozen section analysis and human experts (radiologists and surgeons).Results: The deep learning approach yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.946 for distinguishing preinvasive adenocarcinoma from invasive lung adenocarcinoma in testing set 1, which is significantly higher than the AUCs of human experts (P<0.05). In testing set 2, the deep learning approach distinguished invasive adenocarcinoma from preinvasive adenocarcinoma with an AUC of 0.862, which is higher than that of frozen section analysis (0.755, P=0.043), senior thoracic surgeons (0.720, P=0.006), radiologists (0.766, P>0.05) and junior thoracic surgeons (0.768, P>0.05).Conclusions: We developed a deep learning approach that achieved comparable performance to intraoperative frozen section analysis in determining tumor invasiveness. The proposed method may contribute to clinical decisions related to the extent of surgical resection.
Near-infrared light reduces β-amyloid-stimulated microglial toxicity and enhances survival of neurons: Mechanisms of light therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stepanov Yurii V. , Golovynska Iuliia , Zhang Renlong , Golovynskyi Sergii , Stepanova Liudmyla I. , Gorbach Oleksandr , Dovbynchuk Taisa , Garmanchuk Liudmyla V. , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Qu Junle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background.
Low-intensity light can decelerate neurodegenerative disease progression and reduce amyloid β (Aβ) levels in the cortex, though, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration are still in the early stages. Microglia cells play a key role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by causing chronic inflammation. We present new results concerning the photobiomodulation of both oxidative stress and microglia metabolism associated with the activation of metabolic processes by 808 nm near-infrared light.
Methods.
The studies were carried out using healthy male mice to obtain the microglial cell suspension from the hippocampus. Oligomeric β-amyloid (1–42) was prepared and used to treat microglia cells. Light irradiation of cells was performed using diode lasers emitting at 808 nm (30 mW/cm2 for 5 min, resulting in the dose of 10 J/cm2). Mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS level studies, cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis assays were performed using epifluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis, nitric oxide and H2O2 production, arginase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were measured using standard assays. Cytokines, glucose, lactate, and ATP were measurements with ELISA. As our data were normally distributed, Student’s t-test was used.
Results.
The light induces a metabolic shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial activity in pro-inflammatory microglia affected by oligomeric Aβ. Thereby, the level of anti-inflammatory microglia increases. This process is accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an activation of phagocytosis. Light exposure decreases the Aβ-induced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that regulates the rate of the pentose phosphate pathway, which activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases to further produce ROS. During co-cultivation of neurons with microglia, light prevents the death of neurons, which is caused by ROS produced by Aβ-altered microglia.
Conclusions.
These original data clarify reasons for how photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration and support the use of light for therapeutic research in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.