bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous progesterone (Prolutex) versus vaginal (Cyclogest) for luteal phase support in IVF/ICSI cycles: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moini Ashraf , Arabipoor Arezoo , Zolfaghari Zahra , Sadeghi Maria , Ramezanali Fariba 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of subcutaneous vaginal progesterone suppository for luteal phase support (LPS) in assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles in patients referred to the Royan Institute.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 2016 to March 2018. The infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were evaluated. The controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) was performed in all of the patients with standard long GnRH agonist protocol. After ovum pickup, eligible women were randomly allocated into two groups. In group A, since oocyte retrieval day, subcutaneous injections of progesterone (50 mg) (Prolutex®) were used daily, and in group B, two vaginal suppositories (Cyclogest ®) were administrated for LPS. The clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates and the drug’s side effect were compared between two groups by appropriate statistical tests.

Results
Finally, 40 patients in each group were enrolled, and the IVF/ICSI outcomes were compared between groups. The data analysis showed that no significant differences were found between groups in terms of the demographic, infertility characteristics, and the COH outcome between groups. The chemical and clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) in group A were significantly higher than those of group B (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, respectively). The implantation and twin pregnancy rates in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P = 0.009, P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion
The subcutaneous administration of progesterone 25 mg twice daily for LPS was associated with higher CPR versus vaginal progesterone, and it was safe and well-tolerated in the follow-up. In addition, it can be a suitable replacement in cases of allergic reactions to vaginal suppositories. However, further study is required to compare the cost-effectiveness of these medications.

Trial registration
The study was also registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on February 19, 2015 (IRCT201402191141N18 at www.irct.ir, registered prospectively).
A study of emotional intelligence in an Egyptian sample of offspring of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: ElSehrawy Tarek M. K. , Elela Eman Abo , Hassan Ghada A. M. , Missiry Marwa El , Nabi Sohayla Abdel , Soliman Mahmoud Farag 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Emotional intelligence is usually a construct measured in healthy children, now it may be used for relatives of schizophrenia, and considered as trait marker for schizophrenia. Offspring of parents with schizophrenia are considered children with high familial risk for major mental disorder. The aim of the study is to assess emotional intelligence in a group of off springs of a parent with schizophrenia and compare them to healthy control subjects, and to find possible relation between emotional intelligence in offspring and profile of symptoms in schizophrenic parents.

Results
Offspring of parents with schizophrenia had lower scores of emotional intelligences than their matched controls in emotion perception, self-esteem, low impulsivity and emotion regulation’s subsets of TEIQue-CF. There was correlation between offspring trait emotional intelligence and their parent’s duration of illness. There was no correlation found between schizophrenia severity in the parents and their offspring’s trait emotional intelligence.

Conclusions
Offspring of parents with schizophrenia had impaired trait emotional intelligence in some of its facets when compared to normal healthy subjects.
Leukocyte-specific DNA methylation biomarkers and their implication for pathological epigenetic analysis
Authors: Dunnet M. J. , Ortega-Recalde O. J. , Waters S. A. , Weeks R. J. , Morison I. M. , Hore T. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Distinct cell types can be identified by their DNA methylation patterns. Much research over the last decade has focused on DNA methylation changes in cancer or the use of cell-free circulating DNA in plasma to identify damaged tissue in cases of trauma or organ transplantation. However, there has been little research into the differential methylation patterns between leukocytes and other tissues and how they can be used as a detection tool for immune activity in a range of contexts.

Results
We have identified several loci that are fully methylated in leukocytes but virtually devoid of methylation in a range of other mesoderm-, ectoderm-, and endoderm-derived tissues. We validated these biomarkers using amplicon-bisulphite-sequencing on saliva and in vitro mixing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal organoid cells combined at a defined range of ratios. Interestingly, these methylation biomarkers have previously been identified as altered in various inflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. We hypothesise this is due to leukocyte infiltration rather than being a feature of the diseased cells themselves. Moreover, we show a positive linear relationship between infiltrating leukocytes and DNA methylation levels at the HOXA3 locus in six cancer types, indicative of further immune cell infiltration.

Conclusions
Our data emphasise the importance of considering cellular composition when undertaking DNA methylation analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of developing new diagnostic tests to detect inflammation and immune cell infiltration.
The interplay between psychopathological symptoms: transdiagnostic cross-lagged panel network model
Authors: Chavez-Baldini UnYoung , Verweij Karin , de Beurs Derek , Bockting Claudi , Lok Anja , Sutterland Arjen L. , van Rooijen Geeske , van Wingen Guido , Denys Damiaan , Vulink Nienke , Nieman Dorien 
Published: June 2022

Background
Recent paradigm shifts suggest that psychopathology manifests through dynamic interactions between individual symptoms.

Aims
To investigate the longitudinal relationships between symptoms in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with psychiatric disorders.

Method
A two-wave, cross-lagged panel network model of 15 nodes representing symptoms of depression, (social) anxiety and attenuated psychotic symptoms was estimated, using baseline and 1-year follow-up data of 222 individuals with psychiatric disorders. Centrality indices were calculated to determine important predictors and outcomes.

Results
Our results demonstrated that the strongest relationships in the network were between (a) more suicidal ideation predicting more negative self-view, and (b) autoregressive relationships of social anxiety symptoms positively reinforcing themselves. Negative self-view was the most predictable node in the network as it had the highest ‘in-expected influence’ centrality, and may be an important transdiagnostic outcome symptom.

Conclusions
The results give insight into longitudinal interactions between symptoms, which interact in ways that do not adhere to broader diagnostic categories. Our results suggest that self-view can also be a transdiagnostic outcome of psychopathology rather than just a predictor, as is normally posited, and may especially have an important relationship with suicidal ideation. Overall, our study demonstrates the dynamic complexity of psychopathology, and further supports the importance of investigating symptom interactions of different psychopathological dimensions over time and across disorders.
Escape dynamics in an anisotropically driven Brownian magneto-system
Authors: Abdoli I. , Sommer J.-U. , Löwen H. , Sharma A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thermally activated escape of a Brownian particle over a potential barrier is well understood within Kramers theory. When subjected to an external magnetic field, the Lorentz force slows down the escape dynamics via a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient without affecting the exponential dependence on the barrier height. Here, we study the escape dynamics of a charged Brownian particle from a two-dimensional truncated harmonic potential under the influence of Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. The particle is driven anisotropically by subjecting it to noises with different strengths along different spatial directions. We show that the escape time can largely be tuned by the anisotropic driving. While the escape process becomes anisotropic due to the two different noises, the spatial symmetry is restored in the limit of large magnetic fields. This is attributed to the Lorentz-force–induced coupling between the spatial degrees of freedom which makes the difference between two noises irrelevant at high magnetic fields. The theoretical predictions are verified by Brownian dynamics simulations. In principle, our predictions can be tested by experiments with a Brownian gyrator in the presence of a magnetic field.
Obstetric Anesthesia Procedure-Based Workload and Facility Utilization of Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Centers of Excellence Designated Institutions
Authors: Im Mary , Riley Edward T. , Hoang Dan , Lim Grace , Zakowski Mark , Carvalho Brendan 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Optimal workload and staffing for obstetric anesthesia services have yet to be determined. We surveyed Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) Centers of Excellence (COE) for Obstetric Anesthesia Care institutions to evaluate procedure-based obstetric anesthesia workload and facility use.

METHODS:
After institutional review board (IRB) exemption, an online survey instrument (REDCap) was sent by email (1 initial and 2 reminders) to all SOAP COEs. Survey data included the number of deliveries, cesarean delivery rate, neuraxial labor analgesia rate, the number of labor and operating rooms, and the number of in-house and backup obstetric anesthesia providers. Obstetric anesthesia activity was estimated using a time-based workload ratio per provider (Stanford Work Index, 1.0 = clinically working every minute of every hour on duty) during weekday, weeknight, and weekend shifts. We compared workload between academic and nonacademic centers and correlated operating and labor rooms with cesarean and vaginal delivery volume.

RESULTS:
Fifty-one of 53 surveys were returned (96% response rate). Data from 33 academic and 14 nonacademic US institutions were analyzed. For academic centers, median Stanford Work Index for all staff (included trainees and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) was 0.20 (weekday) and 0.19 (weeknight and weekends); nonacademic centers were 0.33 (weekday, P < .001 versus academic), 0.23 (weeknight, P = .009 versus academic), and 0.23 (weekends, P = .03 versus academic practices). Attending-only Stanford Work Indices were similar between academic and nonacademic centers. Total number of rooms on the obstetric suite (operating, labor, or triage room) was strongly correlated with delivery volume (R
2 = 0.55).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results outline staffing procedure-based workload ratios and facility utilization at SOAP COEs in the United States. These data can be used by other institutions that provide obstetric anesthesia services to guide their obstetric anesthesia staffing. The importance of considering the workload associated with different shifts and between academic and nonacademic centers is also highlighted. The results show that approximately one-third of an obstetric anesthesiologist’s workload is spent on performing procedures. We did not, however, measure the other tasks anesthesiologists practice as peripartum physicians (eg, managing critically ill parturients, doing pre- and postprocedural evaluations, or performing emergent and unexpected procedures), and future studies are required to determine the time required to perform these tasks. Studies to determine the optimal staffing models to handle workload fluctuations and improve outcomes are also required.
Dexmedetomidine Diminishes, but Does Not Prevent, Developmental Effects of Sevoflurane in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Yang Zhengbo , Tong Yuanyuan , Brant Jason O. , Li Ningtao , Ju Ling-Sha , Morey Timothy E. , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Setlow Barry , Zhang Jiaqiang , Martynyuk Anatoly E. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sevoflurane (SEVO) increases neuronal excitation in neonatal rodent brains through alteration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor signaling and increases corticosterone release. These actions may contribute to mechanisms that initiate the anesthetic’s long-term neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a non-GABAergic α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is likely to counteract SEVO-induced neuronal excitation. We investigated how DEX pretreatment may alter the neurodevelopmental effects induced by SEVO in neonatal rats.

METHODS:
Postnatal day (P) 5 Sprague-Dawley male rats received DEX (25 µg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle before exposure to 2.1% SEVO for 6 hours (the DEX + SEVO and SEVO groups, respectively). Rats in the DEX-only group received DEX without exposure to SEVO. A subcohort of P5 rats was used for electroencephalographic and serum corticosterone measurements. The remaining rats were sequentially evaluated in the elevated plus maze on P80, prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response on P90, Morris water maze (MWM) starting on P100, and for corticosterone responses to physical restraint for 30 minutes on P120, followed by assessment of epigenomic DNA methylation patterns in the hippocampus.

RESULTS:
Acutely, DEX depressed SEVO-induced electroencephalogram-detectable seizure-like activity (mean ± SEM, SEVO versus DEX + SEVO, 33.1 ± 5.3 vs 3.9 ± 5.3 seconds, P < .001), but it exacerbated corticosterone release (SEVO versus DEX + SEVO, 169.935 ± 20.995 versus 280.853 ± 40.963 ng/mL, P = .043). DEX diminished, but did not fully abolish, SEVO-induced corticosterone responses to restraint (control: 11625.230 ± 877.513, SEVO: 19363.555 ± 751.325, DEX + SEVO: 15012.216 ± 901.706, DEX-only: 12497.051 ± 999.816; F
[
3,31] = 16.878, P < .001) and behavioral deficiencies (time spent in the target quadrant of the MWM: control: 31.283% ± 1.722%, SEVO: 21.888% ± 2.187%, DEX + SEVO: 28.617% ± 1.501%, DEX-only: 31.339% ± 3.087%; F
[3,67] = 3.944, P = .012) in adulthood. Of the 391 differentially methylated genes in the SEVO group, 303 genes in the DEX + SEVO group had DNA methylation patterns that were not different from those in the control group (ie, they were normal). DEX alone did not cause acute or long-term functional abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that the ability of DEX to depress SEVO-induced neuronal excitation, despite increasing corticosterone release, is sufficient to weaken mechanisms leading to long-term neuroendocrine/neurobehavioral abnormalities. DEX may prevent changes in DNA methylation in the majority of genes affected by SEVO, epigenetic modifications that could predict abnormalities in a wide range of functions.
Interpreting protein variant effects with computational predictors and deep mutational scanning
Authors: Livesey Benjamin J. , Marsh Joseph A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Computational predictors of genetic variant effect have advanced rapidly in recent years. These programs provide clinical and research laboratories with a rapid and scalable method to assess the likely impacts of novel variants. However, it can be difficult to know to what extent we can trust their results. To benchmark their performance, predictors are often tested against large datasets of known pathogenic and benign variants. These benchmarking data may overlap with the data used to train some supervised predictors, which leads to data re-use or circularity, resulting in inflated performance estimates for those predictors. Furthermore, new predictors are usually found by their authors to be superior to all previous predictors, which suggests some degree of computational bias in their benchmarking. Large-scale functional assays known as deep mutational scans provide one possible solution to this problem, providing independent datasets of variant effect measurements. In this Review, we discuss some of the key advances in predictor methodology, current benchmarking strategies and how data derived from deep mutational scans can be used to overcome the issue of data circularity. We also discuss the ability of such functional assays to directly predict clinical impacts of mutations and how this might affect the future need for variant effect predictors.
Dyspnea Is Attenuated by Auditory Distraction via Music with Headphones during Exercise in Healthy Individuals
Authors: GABLER MIKAELA C. , GOSS CURTIS S. , FREEMAS JESSICA A. , BARANAUSKAS MARISSA N. , SOGARD ABIGAIL S. , CHAPMAN ROBERT F. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Listening to music while exercising can alter afferent feedback from breathing sounds; however, it is currently unknown whether auditory distraction with music mitigates exertional dyspnea in healthy individuals.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether listening to music through headphones (a) affects the sensory (breathing intensity [BI]) and/or affective (breathing unpleasantness [BU]) components of dyspnea during exercise at different intensities and (b) affects exercise performance.

Methods
Twenty-two recreationally active individuals (24 ± 3 yr, 10 women) performed two 5-min constant loads (10% below/above gas exchange threshold [GET]) and an 8-km cycling time trial with ambient laboratory noise or self-selected music in a randomized crossover design. BI, BU, and ventilation (V̇
E) were measured at each minute of the constant loads and every 2 km of the time trial. Ratios of BU/V̇
E and BI/V̇
E were used to examine the gain in dyspnea during the time trial.

Results
In the 10% below GET trial, BU was reduced in the first (P = 0.03) and final (P = 0.04) minutes. In the 10% above GET trial, BU and BI were reduced with music (P < 0.05). During the time trial with music, BU/V̇
E was significantly attenuated by 9%–13% (P < 0.05) despite a greater heart rate and self-selected power output (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Music through headphones mitigated the sensation of dyspnea and changed the accretion of dyspnea per unit increase in V̇
E leading to a higher self-selected workload during self-paced exercise. The dyspnea-reducing intervention of self-selected music may improve exercise tolerance and performance and promote adherence to regular aerobic exercise.
Case studies from the experience of early career researchers in East Africa in building community engagement in research
Authors: Bargul Joel L. , Mkwashapi Denna M. , Namagembe Imelda , Nakityo Immaculate , Nakimuli Annettee , Byamugisha Josaphat , Semakula Daniel , Seeley Janet , Sewankambo Nelson K. 
Published: June 2022

Background: In this paper, we explain how three early career researchers actively engaged community members in their health research projects in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and what was learnt from the experience. The research project in Kenya was on camel trypanosomiasis and the role of camel biting keds (or louse flies) in disease transmission. The project in Tanzania looked at the effect of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy on fertility and ascertained the trends in the use of family planning services amongst women of reproductive age. The focus of the project in Uganda was the implementation of maternal death surveillance and the response policy to determine the cause of maternal deaths and how they might be prevented. Methods: In the three different settings, efforts to ensure local community engagement provided a focus for the researchers to hone their skills in explaining research concepts and working in partnership with community members to co-develop ideas, their research methods and outputs. Results: Involvement of communities in scientific research, which entailed a two-way mutual engagement process, led to (i) generation of new research ideas that shaped the work, (ii) strengthened mutual trust, and (iii) promoted uptake of research findings. Conclusion: Our key findings strongly support the need for considering community engagement as one of the key components in research studies.
Evaluating Verbal Fluency Outcome Measures in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Smeyne Catelyn N. , Esbensen Anna J. , Schworer Emily K. , Belizaire Shequanna , Hoffman Emily K. , Beebe Dean W. , Wiley Susan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the psychometric properties of a verbal fluency task for potential use as an outcome measure in future clinical trials involving children with Down syndrome. Eighty-five participants attempted a modified version of the Neuropsychological Assessment of Children, Second Edition Word Generation Task at two time points. In the full sample, the measure fell below a priori reliability and feasibility criteria, though feasibility of the semantic trials were higher than feasibility of the phonemic trials. Performance on the measure correlated with chronological age and IQ scores, and no sex-related effects were found. Additional analyses suggested that the semantic verbal fluency trials might be appropriate for children with Down syndrome 10 years of age and older.
Temporal compression of high-power IR laser pulses in a KDP
crystal
Authors: Mironov S. Yu. , Mukhin I. B. , Lozhkarev V. V. , Potemkin A. K. , Martyanov M. A. , Kuzmin I. V. , Khazanov E. A. 
Published: June 2022

It is shown that a KDP crystal can be used for temporal compression of
powerful pulses of the near-IR range. A method of searching for laser
beam and crystal parameters suitable for compression is proposed.
Temporal compression of laser pulses at a central wavelength of
1034 nm from 266 fs to 94 fs during propagation along the optical axis
in a 21 cm thick KDP crystal is demonstrated experimentally.
Photoreflectance studies of the band gap alignments in boron diluted BGaInAs/GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Mączko Herbert S. , El-Jaroudi Rasha H. , Kopaczek Jan , Bank Seth R. , Kudrawiec Robert 
Published: June 2022

Band gap alignments of BGaInAs/GaAs quantum wells with mole fractions of indium around 40% and mole fractions of boron ranging from 0% up to 4.75% are studied experimentally by photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL). Obtained results are explained within a
k
·
p
model within an envelope function approximation. The study shows an increase of the valence band offset with an addition of boron into the thin film at a rate of around 4.2% per 1% of boron incorporated. Non-zero bowing parameters of valence band offsets for ternary alloys with boron (BGaAs and BInAs) are estimated. Moreover, it was observed that unlike in other highly mismatched alloy systems the incorporation of boron does not significantly deteriorate the optical quality of the studied samples, i.e., the broadening of optical transitions observed in PR and PL is very comparable to that observed for the reference QW, and the PL properties of boron containing QWs are similar to the reference boron free QW. Some deterioration of optical quality due to the increased alloy inhomogeneity is observed only for the sample with the highest concentration of B (4.2%).