bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A protocol for monitoring fidelity of a preconception-life course intervention in a middle-income setting: the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI), South Africa
Authors: Soepnel Larske M. , Draper Catherine E. , Mabetha Khuthala , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Prioreschi Alessandra , Lye Stephen , Norris Shane A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the importance of intervention fidelity in interpreting the outcomes of complex public health interventions, there is a lack of both reporting fidelity trial protocols and uniformity. In evaluating complex, adaptable/pragmatic interventions in resource-strapped settings with systemic issues, unique challenges to intervention adherence and monitoring are introduced, increasing the importance of a fidelity protocol. We aim to describe the intervention fidelity and monitoring protocol for the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) South Africa, a complex four-phase intervention set in urban Soweto, starting preconceptionally and continuing through to pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood to improve the health of young women and reduce the intergenerational risk of obesity.

Methods
The HeLTI SA fidelity protocol was based on the NIH Behaviour Change Consortium (NIH BCC) Treatment Fidelity Framework, outlining the following components of intervention fidelity: study design, provider training, intervention delivery, intervention receipt, and intervention enactment. Context-specific fidelity challenges were identified. The intervention fidelity components and associated monitoring strategies were developed to align with HeLTI SA. Strategies for fidelity monitoring include, amongst others, qualitative process evaluation methods, reviewing observed and recorded intervention sessions, monitoring of activity logs, standardized training, and intervention session checklists. Possible challenges to fidelity and fidelity monitoring include high provider turnover, lack of qualification amongst providers, difficulty tracing participants for follow-up sessions, participant health literacy levels, and the need to prioritize participants’ non-health-related challenges. Solutions proposed include adapting intervention delivery methods, recruitment methods, and provider training methods.

Discussion
The NIH BCC Treatment Fidelity Framework provided a solid foundation for reporting intervention fidelity across settings to improve intervention validity, ability to assess intervention effectiveness, and transparency. However, context-specific challenges to fidelity (monitoring) were identified, and transparency around such challenges and possible solutions in low- and middle-income settings could help foster solutions to improve adherence, reporting, and monitoring of intervention fidelity in this setting.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201903750173871. Registered on 27 March 2019
Circ0007042 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by adsorbing miR-369 to upregulate BMP2 and activate the PI3K/AKt pathway
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Yuguang , Liu Yi , Qu Zhigang , Zhuang Xinming , Song Qingxu , Li Haoyu , Leng Jiali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To identify regulatory ncRNA molecules that can cause differential expression of CDH2 in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and explore whether there are other ways to affect the progression of IDD.

Methods
A primary culture of human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells was established and identified by immunofluorescence. An in vitro IDD model was constructed by compressing human NP cells, and the MTT assay was used to measure cell viability. Changes in the ncRNA group were analysed by RNA-seq. The expression levels of hsa_circ_7042, CDH2, and miR-369-3p were detected by qPCR. Cell apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism were detected by flow cytometry, β-galactosidase staining, and Western blotting. hsa_circ_7042, miR-369-3p, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) were verified by luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analyses. The PI3K/Akt pathway was validated by transfection of BMP2 siRNA. Furthermore, a mouse model of lumbar spine instability was constructed. circ_7042 adenovirus was packaged and injected into the intervertebral discs of mice, and the influence of circ_7042 overexpression on intervertebral disc degeneration was determined.

Results
Western blotting, qPCR, and flow cytometry analyses confirmed that overexpression of circ_7042 could downregulate miR-369-3p and upregulate the expression of CDH2 and BMP2 in IDD cell and animal models. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic and senescent cells decreased, and ECM degradation decreased. The PI3K/Akt pathway was significantly activated after circ_7042 was overexpressed. The injection of circ_7042-overexpressing adenovirus effectively reduced ECM degradation and the level of apoptosis in NP tissue.

Conclusions
circ_7042 could upregulate the expression of CDH2 and BMP2 by absorbing miR-369-3p, and the increased BMP2 activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus improving IDD.
"Why I stay in community psychiatric rehabilitation": a semi-structured survey in persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Zheng Shan-Shan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Man-Hua , Li Xue , Chang Kuo , Yang Feng-Chi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
Although community psychiatric rehabilitation plays an important role in returning persons with schizophrenia to the society, many patients in China stay in rehabilitation centers for longer periods of time and subsequently fail to integrate. This study is aimed to explore the underlying causes of this trend and identify possible solutions.

Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design to examine the persons with schizophrenia who stay in rehabilitation centers for longer periods of time. The researchers conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with the patients recruited through purposeful sampling. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed in transcripts in Chinese. Thematic analysis was performed using Colaizzi's 7-step method.

Results
Most patients believe that they have gained knowledge, improved skills, friendship and social circles through community mental rehabilitation, with the sense of belonging and enriched life strongly attracting them to the rehabilitation centers. They felt that the difficulty of further integration into society is mainly because of social prejudice and rejection. In addition, the activities of community mental rehabilitation meet the needs of social communication, which also hinder patients from further entering the society.

Conclusions
Persons with schizophrenia with long-term stay in community mental rehabilitation centers meet their friendship, sense of belonging and social needs by participating in rehabilitation activities. Providing special social opportunity for these patients can get them out of the rehabilitation center. Overall, it is possible for patients to gradually return to society in a collective form.
Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression
Authors: Barba Tommaso , Buehler Sarah , Kettner Hannes , Radu Caterina , Cunha Bruna Giribaldi , Nutt David J. , Erritzoe David , Roseman Leor , Carhart-Harris Robin 
Published: September 2022

Background
Major depressive disorder is often associated with maladaptive coping strategies, including rumination and thought suppression.

Aims
To assess the comparative effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram, and the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin (COMP360), on rumination and thought suppression in major depressive disorder.

Method
Based on data derived from a randomised clinical trial (N = 59), we performed exploratory analyses on the impact of escitalopram versus psilocybin (i.e. condition) on rumination and thought suppression from 1 week before to 6 weeks after treatment inception (i.e. time), using mixed analysis of variance. Condition responder versus non-responder subgroup analyses were also done, using the standard definition of ≥50% symptom reduction.

Results
A time×condition interaction was found for rumination (F(1, 56) = 4.58, P = 0.037) and thought suppression (F(1,57) = 5.88, P = 0.019), with post hoc tests revealing significant decreases exclusively in the psilocybin condition. When analysing via response, a significant time×condition×response interaction for thought suppression (F(1,54) = 8.42, P = 0.005) and a significant time×response interaction for rumination (F(1,54) = 23.50, P < 0.001) were evident. Follow-up tests revealed that decreased thought suppression was exclusive to psilocybin responders, whereas rumination decreased in both responder groups. In the psilocybin arm, decreases in rumination and thought suppression correlated with ego dissolution and session-linked psychological insight.

Conclusions
These data provide further evidence on the therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin and escitalopram in the treatment of depression.
Characteristics of Cancer Survivors Living in Poverty in the United States: Results From the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Datta Biplab , Williams Lovoria B. , Bevel Malcolm , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: There has been increasing concern over the high cost of oncology care and its long-lasting impact on the well-being of cancer survivors. METHODS: We examined characteristics of impoverished cancer survivors in the United States, including their physical and mental health, using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used binomial logistic regressions for binary outcome variables, and negative binomial regressions for count variables, to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and incident rate ratios (IRRs) of the physical, mental, and socioeconomic-related health factors for low-income cancer survivors versus higher-income survivors. We compared the ORs and IRRs for low-income cancer survivors with those of higher income cancer survivors. RESULTS: There was a two-fold increased odds (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.86 to 2.91) of having fair/poor health for low-income cancer survivors compared with higher-income cancer survivors. There was an almost two-fold increased odds (adjusted OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.50 to 2.59) of not being able to see a doctor among low-income cancer survivors, and a 42% lower odds (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.86) of having health insurance coverage for low-income cancer survivors compared with higher-income survivors. Incidence rate ratios for physical (IRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.75) and mental (IRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.86) unhealthy days were significantly higher among low-income cancer survivors compared with nonpoor cancer survivors. CONCLUSION: Strategies are available to ameliorate financial hardship at multiple levels. Implementation of these strategies is urgently needed.
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: 18 month update
Authors: Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Grund Henrike , Jabin Nusrat , Jones Chantel , Kifle Meron , Khader Susan , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay Morgan , Norton Alice 
Published: September 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There has however been an ongoing need for greater coordination, with limited resources for research and the shifting global pandemic. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th January 2022 the database contains 14,778 projects, funded by 306 funders, taking place across 157 countries representing an investment of at least $5.7 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery. It is being used by the WHO, governments and further policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis are presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this version seven analysis we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (on data from three months after version six) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: As the global funding response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review helps both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to areas where there is continued unmet research need.
Iodine supplementation by women of childbearing potential and in pregnancies - analysis of knowledge among students
Authors: Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Ozga-Stachurska Alicja , Pawłowska Paulina , Rozenbajgier Martyna 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Iodine is necessary for the proper production of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which affect the development and proper functioning of the body. Thyroid hormones are involved in the transformation of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins, and also regulate the processes of cell growth and maturation. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy has many consequences for the fetus and newborn, some of them an increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, birth defects or abnormal mental development. Iodine deficiency through lack of supplementation or deficiency in the daily diet, as well as the consumption of an excess amount of this microelement, may be associated with serious and irreversible consequences affecting the development and further functioning of the fetus.
Aim of the study
Presentation of the impact of iodine supplementation in reproductive age and pregnancy on fetal development and students' knowledge of the need for this supplementation.
Materials and method
A survey of 404 students. The results were compared with the current scientific literature. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.

Results
In the study group, almost every third student believed that current recommendations recommend that women planning pregnancy should take iodine preparations. Every tenth student gave the correct dose of recommended supplementation of the microelement in question.

Conclusions
Research shows that more than half of students are not aware of the need to supplement iodine at the reproductive age. The data indicate that young people should be made aware of the need for iodine supplementation.
influence of dioxines on endometriosis development – study review
Authors: Ozga-Stachurska Alicja Maria , Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Pawłowska Paulina , Rozenbajgier Martyna 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are considered to be among the most toxic to humans due to their persistence, resistance to degradation and chemical properties. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity showing secretory activity. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain and decreased fertility; is formed as a result of the action of hormonal and immune mechanisms. The exact etiology is unknown and multifactorial; risk factors for endometriosis include both family conditions and various environmental factors, including exposure to chemicals.
The aim of the study: Evaluation of the impact of dioxins on endometriosis development.
Materials and methods: A research was performed using Pubmed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate; we made review and meta-analysis of the most relevant studies.
Results: Dioxins can contribute to cancer development, which is well documented, as well as several conditions, such as sexual dysfunctions, oxidative stress and inflammation. Doxins have similar structure to steroid hormones, so their main target are male and female gonads, thyroid gland and other organs in which steroid hormones are produced.
Conclusions: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, whereas dioxins are strong poisons that have an adverse effect on live organisms. Many epidemiological studies suggest that dioxins may significantly contribute to the development of endometriosis.
A baseline epidemiological study of the co-infection of enteric protozoans with human immunodeficiency virus among men who have sex with men from Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yao Lan , Zhuang Min , Lin Yuan-Long , Chen Xiao-Hong , Wang Li , Song Bo , Zhao Ya-Shuang , Xiao Yun , Zhang Feng-Min , Wang Fu-Xiang , Ling Hong 
Published: September 2022

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and enteric parasite co-infection not only aggravates the clinical symptoms of parasites but also accelerates acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. However, co-infection research on men who have sex with men (MSM), the predominant high-risk population of HIV/AIDS in China, is still limited. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology of enteric parasites, risk factors, and associations with clinical significance in an MSM HIV/AIDS population in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China.

Methods
We recruited 308 MSMs HIV/AIDS patients and 199 HIV-negative individuals in two designated AIDS hospitals in Heilongjiang between April 2016 and July 2017. Fresh stool samples were collected. DNA extraction, molecular identification, and genotyping of Cryptosporidium species, Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Blastocystis hominis were performed. Fourteen diarrhea-related pathogens were examined to exclude the influence of other bacterial pathogens on diarrhea incidence.

Results
31.5% of MSM HIV/AIDS participants were infected with at least one parasite species, a significantly higher proportion than that found in the HIV-negative individuals (2.5%). E. bieneusi presented the highest prevalence, followed by B. hominis, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and C. cayetanensis. Warm seasons were the risk factor for parasitic infections in this population [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.47–4.57]. In addition, these individuals showed a higher proportion (35.8%) of present diarrhea (PD) compared with men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV/AIDS (16.7%). The infection proportions of both Cryptosporidium spp. and E. histolytica were significantly higher in the PD. E. bieneusi infection was more prevalent in the historic diarrhea (HD) group. CD4+ T cell counts in the MSM patients with the above three parasites were significantly lower. New species and genotypes were found, and MSM patients had a wider range of species or genotypes.

Conclusions
Enteric parasitic infection was prevalent in the MSM HIV/AIDS population, especially in patients with present diarrhea during warm seasons. E. histolytica and B. hominis should also be considered high-risk parasites for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in addition to Cryptosporidium spp.
Performance in youth track and field is associated with birth quartile. A register-based study among athletes in Norway from 10 years to senior level
Authors: Gundersen Hilde , Harris Anette , Grendstad Halvard , Kristoffersen Morten , Guttormsen Atle , Dalen Terje , Rygh Cecilie Brekke 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Earlier studies have demonstrated that the oldest in a competition class are more likely to succeed than the youngest, a phenomenon called relative age effect (RAE). Track and field give us an opportunity to investigate the advantage of being born early in the year based upon actual performance, since objective criteria are the performance indicators. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of RAE in Norwegian track and field athletes in events where physical capacity is important for success.

Methods
All individual season best results from the register of The Norwegian Athletics Federation (n = 28 999) obtained in all competition classes from the age of 10 years to senior in both sexes on 60m and 600m from 2011 to 2020 were downloaded. One-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc analyses were used to analyze performance differences according to birth quartiles between athletes. Further, odds ratios (OR) were used to calculate the odds of being among the top-100 for athletes for those born in the first quartile of the year compared to the last.

Results
The RAE was present in several of the competition classes in sprint compared to middle-distance running, and in more male than female competition classes. Overall, the OR of being among the top-100 in one of the competition classes on 60m sprint when born in first quartile compared to last quartile was 2.88 [2.30–3.62] for males and 1.54 [1.26–1.89] for females.

Conclusion
Being born early in the year in events with high demand for specific physical capacities is an advantage in both sexes in most of the youngest competition classes. In males, the advantage of being born early in the year lasted longer in sprint than in middle-distance running, indicating that puberty affects performance in sprint and middle-distance running differently.
Trends and geographical variation in mortality from coronary disease in Peru
Authors: Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Atamari-Anahui Noé , Segura-Saldaña Pedro , Brañez-Condorena Ana , Alva-Diaz Carlos , Espinoza-Alva Daniel 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCoronary disease (CD) is the main cause of mortality worldwide. Data about trends and geographical variation in CD mortality is available in some American countries. This information varies among countries since CD risk factors frequencies vary.ObjectiveTo describe the trend and geographical variation of coronary disease (CD) mortality in Peru, 2005–2017.MethodsAnalysis of secondary data of the Peruvian Ministry of Health’s registry of deaths. We analyzed CD mortality. We described the absolute and relative frequency of deaths and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) by natural regions, departments, age, sex, and year. We also described the change of ASMR between two periods (2005–2010 vs. 2011–2017).ResultsThere were 64,721 CD deaths between 2005 and 2017 (4.12% among all deaths). The absolute frequency of CD deaths was 5,665 and 6,565 in 2005 and 2017, respectively. CD mortality was more frequent in men and older adults. The ASMR varied among natural regions, being higher in the Coast (19.61 per 100,000 inhabitants). The change between the two periods revealed that almost all departments reduced their ASMRs, except for Callao, Lambayeque, and Madre de Dios.ConclusionCD mortality has increased in Peru. Mortality was higher in men and older adults, and it varied among departments. More political efforts are needed to reduce these trends.