bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy to improve depression symptoms and quality of life in individuals with memory difficulties and caregivers: A short report
Authors: Ozen Lana J. , Dubois Sacha , English Megan M. , Gibbons Carrie , Maxwell Hillary , Lowey Jessica , Sawula Erica , Bédard Michel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDepression symptoms are common for older adults with memory difficulties and their caregivers. Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) reduces the risk of relapse in recurrent depression and improves depression symptoms. We explored recruitment and retention success and preliminary effect sizes of MBCT on depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as mindfulness facets, in individuals with memory difficulties and their caregivers.MethodsA difficulty with memory group (DG) and caregiver group (CG) were randomized into either the MBCT intervention or waitlist control. After serving as controls, participants received the intervention. Mean pre–post changes by group were compared and effect sizes computed. Correlations between mindfulness facets and depression symptoms are also presented.ResultsOnly 47% of the initial participants completed the study. The intervention did not have an effect on the outcome variables examined. However, improvements in non‐judgmental scores were associated with reductions in the number of depression symptoms reported by DG participants (r = –0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.98, –0.52) and CG participants (r = –0.76, 95% CI: –0.95, –0.19). Furthermore, improvements in awareness scores (r = –0.69, 95% CI: –0.93, –0.05) and level of burden (r = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.97) also significantly correlated with reduced depression symptoms in the CG group.ConclusionsBy determining preliminary MBCT effect sizes in individuals with memory difficulties and their caregivers, research with larger, controlled samples is now justified to determine the true effects of MBCT in these populations.
Characterization of natural organic matter in South African drinking water treatment plants: Towards integrating ceramic membrane filtration
Authors: Moyo Welldone , Motsa Machawe M. , Chaukura Nhamo , Msagati Titus A. M. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Heijman Sebastiaan G. J. , Nkambule Thabo T. I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work presents the first comprehensive investigation of natural organic matter (NOM) fraction removal using ceramic membranes in South Africa. The rate of removal of bulk NOM (measured as UV254 and DOC % removal), the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) fraction, polarity‐based fractions, and fluorescent dissolved organic carbon (FDOM) fractions was investigated from water abstracted from drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) in South Africa. Further, mechanisms of ceramic membrane fouling by waters of South Africa were studied. Ceramic membranes removed more than 80% DOC from samples from coastal WTPs, whereas for inland plants, the removal was between 60% and 75% of DOC. FDOM was removed to at least 80% regardless of the site of the plant. The BDOC removal by the ceramic membranes was above 85%. The hydrophobic fraction was the most amenable to removal by ceramic membranes regardless of the site of sample abstraction (above 60% for all sites). The freshness index (β:α) correlated strongly to UV254 removal (R2 = 0.96), thus UV254 removal can serve as a proxy for the susceptibility to removal of such class of NOM by ceramic membranes. This investigation demonstrated that ceramic membranes could be a valuable technology if integrated into the existing WTPs.Practitioner Points
The removal of bulk parameters by ceramic membrane was greater than unit conventional processes used in all the sampled water treatment plants.
The hydrophobic polarity‐based fraction of NOM was the most amenable to removal by ceramic membranes regardless of the site of the WTP.
Polarity‐based fractions, aromaticity, and initial DOC had a combined influence on the removal of organic matter by ceramic membranes as explained by principal component three.
Characterization of tie-breaking plurality rules
Authors: Saitoh Hiroki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce a new condition for social choice functions, called “equal treatment of congruent distributions.” It requires some invariance between two preference profiles that share a type of congruity property with respect to the associated distributions of votes. It also implies two equal treatment conditions: one is a natural weakening of anonymity, which is the most standard equal treatment condition for individuals, and the other is a natural weakening of neutrality, which is the most standard equal treatment one for alternatives. Thus, equal treatment of congruent distributions plays the role of weak equal treatment conditions both for individuals and for alternatives. As our main results, we characterize a class of social choice functions that satisfy equal treatment of congruent distributions and some mild positive responsiveness conditions, and it is shown to coincide with the class of tie-breaking plurality rules, which are selections of the well-known plurality rule.
Effects of oral cystine and glutamine on exercise-induced changes in gastrointestinal permeability and damage markers in young men
Authors: Tataka Yusei , Haramura Miki , Hamada Yuka , Ono Miho , Toyoda Sakiko , Yamada Toshiyuki , Hiratsu Ayano , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Miyashita Masashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although acute prolonged strenuous exercise has been shown to increase markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage, little is known regarding the efficacy of nutritional supplement interventions on the attenuation of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. This study addressed the effects of oral amino acid supplementation on markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage in response to exercise.

Methods
Sixteen active men aged 22.7 ± 2.6 years (mean ± standard deviation) completed placebo or cystine and glutamine supplementation trials in random order. Participants received either a placebo or cystine and glutamine supplements, three times a day for 5 days, separated by a 2-week washout period. On day 6, participants took their designated supplements 30 min before running at a speed corresponding to 75% of maximal oxygen uptake for 1 h, followed by a 4-h rest period. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise, and 1, 2 and 4 h post-exercise on day 6. The plasma lactulose to mannitol ratio (L:M) and plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) were used as markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage, respectively.

Results
Plasma L:M (linear mixed model, coefficient ± standard error: − 0.011 ± 0.004, P = 0.0090) and changes (i.e., from pre-exercise) in plasma I-FABP (linear mixed model, − 195.3 ± 65.7 coefficient ± standard error (pg/mL), P = 0.0035) were lower in the cystine and glutamine supplementation trial than in the placebo trial.

Conclusion
Oral cystine and glutamine supplementation attenuated the markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage after 1 h of strenuous running in young men.

Trial registration number
UMIN000026008.

Date of registration
13 December 2018.
The single-crystal diamond trap (SCDT): a new method to determine the composition of high-P–T fluids
Authors: Abeykoon Sumith , Audétat Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn view of recently reported discrepancies in mineral solubility results obtained with the classical diamond trap method, an alternative approach to quantify the composition of high P–T fluids was developed. In this approach the high P–T fluids are trapped in laser-drilled holes within single-crystal diamond plates and subsequently analyzed by LA–ICP–MS using the same pit size as the one that was used to drill the holes, which allows more rigorous testing of the data reproducibility than in the case of the classical diamond trap, where the fluid resides in a large, open network. To reduce the spikiness of the LA–ICP–MS signals and minimize element fractionation, the aqueous solution within the holes was allowed to evaporate, and the solid residue was melted to a glass. Because this results in the partial loss of the internal standard elements that are usually used for quantifying the LA–ICP–MS signals we developed a new quantification procedure that works without any internal standard in the fluid but instead uses the carbon signal produced by the epoxy that was filled into the holes after melting the precipitates. The new method was first tested on holes filled with epoxy resins doped with known amounts of chemicals, then on holes filled with known amounts of minerals that were subsequently melted, and finally on real high P–T mineral solubility experiments at 1.0 GPa and 700–900 °C in the quartz–H2O and olivine–enstatite–H2O systems, for which reliable reference data exist. In all 15 experiments the measured concentrations agree within 1–21% (avg. 13%) with the reference values. In contrast, four mineral solubility experiments that were performed at identical conditions with the classical diamond trap method returned concentrations that deviated by 7–56% (avg. 28%) from the reference value. Furthermore, a strong fractionation effect that has been observed during the ablation of albite + H2O in a classical diamond trap is efficiently prevented in our single-crystal diamond trap (SCDT) approach. On the downside, we observe significant mobility of alkalies during the melting step in our approach.
Randomized Online Computation with High Probability Guarantees
Authors: Komm Dennis , Královič Rastislav , Královič Richard , Mömke Tobias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the relationship between the competitive ratio and the tail distribution of randomized online problems. To this end, we identify a broad class of online problems for which the existence of a randomized online algorithm with constant expected competitive ratio r implies the existence of a randomized online algorithm that has a competitive ratio of $$(1+\varepsilon )r$$

(
1
+
ε
)
r

with high probability, measured with respect to the optimal profit or cost, respectively. The class of problems includes some of the well-studied online problems such as paging, k-server, and metrical task systems on finite metric spaces.
An eigenvalue stabilization technique to increase the robustness of the finite cell method for finite strain problems
Authors: Garhuom Wadhah , Usman Khuldoon , Düster Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBroken cells in the finite cell method—especially those with a small volume fraction—lead to a high condition number of the global system of equations. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we apply and adapt an eigenvalue stabilization technique to improve the ill-conditioned matrices of the finite cells and to enhance the robustness for large deformation analysis. In this approach, the modes causing high condition numbers are identified for each cell, based on the eigenvalues of the cell stiffness matrix. Then, those modes are supported directly by adding extra stiffness to the cell stiffness matrix in order to improve the condition number. Furthermore, the same extra stiffness is considered on the right-hand side of the system—which leads to a stabilization scheme that does not modify the solution. The performance of the eigenvalue stabilization technique is demonstrated using different numerical examples.
A multivariable prediction model for recovery patterns and time course of symptoms improvement in hemifacial spasm following microvascular decompression
Authors: Al Menabbawy Ahmed , Refaee Ehab El , Elwy Reem , Salem Amany A. , Lehmann Sebastian , Vollmer Marcus , Matthes Marc , Fleck Steffen , Baldauf Jörg , Schroeder Henry W. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Microvascular decompression (MVD) success rates exceed 90% in hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, postoperative recovery patterns and durations are variable.

Objective
We aim to study factors that might influence the postoperative patterns and duration needed until final recovery.

Method
Only patients following de-novo MVD with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included. Overall trend of recovery was modeled. Patients were grouped according to recognizable clinical recovery patterns. Uni- and multivariable analyses were used to identify the factors affecting allocation to the identified patterns and time needed to final recovery.

Results
A total of 323 (92.6%) patients had > 90% symptom improvement, and 269 (77.1%) patients had complete resolution at the last follow-up. The overall trend of recovery showed steep remission within the first 6 months, followed by relapse peaking around 8 months with a second remission ~ 16 months. Five main recovery patterns were identified.
Pattern analysis showed that evident proximal indentation of the facial nerve at root exit zone (REZ), males and facial palsy are associated with earlier recovery at multivariable and univariable levels. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), AICA/vertebral artery compressions and shorter disease durations are related to immediate resolution of the symptoms only on the univariable level. Time analysis showed that proximal indentation (vs. distal indentation), males and facial palsy witnessed significantly earlier recoveries.

Conclusion
Our main finding is that in contrast to peripheral indentation, proximal indentation of the facial nerve at REZ is associated with earlier recovery. Postoperative facial palsy and AICA compressions are associated with earlier recoveries. We recommend a minimum of 1 year before evaluating the final outcome of MVD for HFS.
A mode-matching method for the prediction of stick-slip relative motion of two elastic rods in frictional contact
Authors: Tsetas Athanasios , Tsouvalas Apostolos , Molenkamp Timo , Metrikine Andrei V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a computationally efficient mode-matching method to predict the relative axial motion of two elastic rods in frictional contact. The motion is of the stick-slip type and is non-uniform along the rods. The proposed method utilizes the piecewise linearity of the problem in time and space. The original set of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the dynamics of the coupled system is first reduced to a system of linear, per time interval, ordinary differential equations by means of modal decomposition. The global modes are used for one of the two rods, while for the other rod, different modes are identified per time interval based on the regions in stick or slip phase. Subsequently, the system response is obtained by combining the piecewise linear solutions. A comparison of the solution method proposed with standard numerical techniques shows its advantage both in terms of computational time and accuracy. Numerical examples demonstrate the capability of the method to analyse cases involving either harmonic- or impact-type forces that drive the relative motion. Although the discussion in this paper is limited to the one-dimensional configuration, the approach is generic and can be extended to problems in more dimensions.
Coagulation in gout: is there a link with disease activity?
Authors: Vedder Daisy , Gerritsen Martijn , Meijers Joost C. M. , Nurmohamed Michael T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the coagulation system in gout patients and associations between disease activity and levels of coagulation markers.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed with data from 30 Dutch gout patients. Levels of coagulation markers including APTT, PT, D-dimer, prothrombin F1 + 2, von Willebrand factor, and thrombin generation parameters were analyzed at baseline and 1-year visit. These markers were related to clinical markers of gout disease activity including the Gout Activity Score (GAS). Our hypothesis was that patients with gout and active disease have increased levels of coagulation markers and that a decrease in disease activity would lead to normalization of coagulation activity.

Results
A higher GAS was associated with increased levels of thrombin generation parameters including ETP (ß = 0.48, p = 0.01), peak thrombin (ß = 0.60, p = 0.001), and velocity index (ß = 0.57, p = 0.002). Tophaceous gout and higher SUA levels were associated with thrombin generation parameters. After 1 year, thrombin generation parameters showed a small procoagulant trend despite a moderate decrease in disease activity. Prospectively measured changes in disease activity according to the GAS were not associated with any of the coagulation markers.

Conclusion
Patients with active gout have higher levels of thrombin generation markers, indicating a link between disease activity and coagulation. A change in disease activity after 1 year was not associated with significant changes in coagulation markers, probably due to prolonged low-grade inflammation. Future studies should focus on levels of coagulation markers in comparison with the general population and the effect of adequate gout treatment.

Key Points• Patients with gout have an increased risk of cardiovascular events.• High disease activity was associated with higher levels of thrombin generation markers.• Over time, small decreases in inflammation were associated with a decrease in D-dimer and thrombin generation.
Increased cerebrovascular reactivity in selected brain regions after extracranial-intracranial bypass improves the speed and accuracy of visual cancellation in patients with severe steno-occlusive disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Shimonaga Koji , Hama Seiji , Furui Akira , Yanagawa Akiko , Kandori Akihiko , Atsumori Hirokazu , Yamawaki Shigeto , Matsushige Toshinori , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of the change in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in each brain area on cognitive function after extracranial-intracranial bypass (EC-IC bypass) was examined. Eighteen patients who underwent EC-IC bypass for severe unilateral steno-occlusive disease were included. Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) for evaluating CVR and the visual cancellation (VC) task were performed before and after surgery. The accuracy of VC was expressed by the arithmetic mean of the age-matched correct answer rate and the accurate answer rate, and the averages of the time (time score) and accuracy (accuracy score) of the four VC subtests were used. The speed of VC tended to be slower, whereas accuracy was maintained before surgery. The EC-IC bypass improved CVR mainly in the cerebral hemisphere on the surgical side. On bivariate analysis, when CVR increased post-operatively, accuracy improved on both surgical sides, but the time score was faster on the left and slower on the right surgical side. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the number of the brain regions associated with the time score was 5 and that associated with the accuracy score was 4. In the hemodynamically ischemic brain, processing speed might be adjusted so that accuracy would be maintained based on the speed-accuracy trade-off mechanism that may become engaged separately in the left and right cerebral hemispheres when performing VC. When considering the treatment for hemodynamic ischemia, the relationship between CVR change and the speed-accuracy trade-off in each brain region should be considered.
Conceptualizing Emotion Regulation and Coregulation as Family-Level Phenomena
Authors: Paley Blair , Hajal Nastassia J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability to regulate one’s emotions is foundational for healthy development and functioning in a multitude of domains, whereas difficulties in emotional regulation are recognized as a risk factor for a range of adverse outcomes in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Caregivers play a key role in cultivating the development of emotion regulation through coregulation, or the processes by which they provide external support or scaffolding as children navigate their emotional experiences. The vast majority of research to date has examined coregulation in the context of caregiver–child dyads. In this paper, we consider emotion regulation and coregulation as family-level processes that unfold within and across multiple family subsystems and explore how triadic and whole family interactions may contribute to the development of children’s emotion regulation skills. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of a family-centered perspective on emotion regulation for prevention of and intervention for childhood emotional and behavioral disorders. Because emotion regulation skills undergo such dramatic maturation during children’s first several years of life, much of our focus will be on coregulation within and across the family system during early childhood; however, as many prevention and intervention approaches are geared toward school-aged children and adolescents, we will also devote some attention to later developmental periods.
Slurry acidification outperformed injection as an ammonia emission-reducing technique in boreal grass cultivation
Authors: Keskinen Riikka , Termonen Maarit , Salo Tapio , Luostarinen Sari , Räty Mari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) constitutes the single largest loss of manure nitrogen (N), making measures targeted at reducing its emissions meaningful for the environment and the overall efficiency of manure N use. In this study, the performance of two emission-reducing techniques, acidification and injection, were studied in a field experiment with grass ley over two growing seasons. Emissions of NH3, crop growth, and N use efficiency were determined from plots fertilized with cattle slurry either band spread, injected or band spread after acidification. The approximate cumulative NH3 losses from the plots with band-spread untreated slurry amounted to about 22 kg NH3-N ha−1 over the observation periods in 2017 and 10 kg NH3-N ha−1 in 2018. The injection and acidification reduced the estimated cumulative NH3 emissions by 43 and 95% respectively in 2018, and both by 97% in 2017. In 2017, the emission-reducing techniques had no impacts on crop growth, but in 2018, acidification increased dry matter yield by 29% and apparent N recovery by 65% compared with band-spread untreated slurry. According to the current results, acidification consistently produced the lowest NH3 emissions and a discernible positive yield effect. It can therefore be recommended instead of injection for reducing NH3 emissions in boreal grass cultivation.