bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt Tolerance of Two Muskmelon Cultivars under Two Radiation Levels1
Authors: Meiri A. , Hoffman G. J. , Shannon M. C. , Poss J. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The salt tolerance of cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo, L.) was established under 2 levels of radiation in a glasshouse experiment. ‘Galia’ and ‘Top Mark’ muskmelon differed very little in salt tolerance at either radiation level. The maximum electrical conductivity of a saturated soil extract without yield reduction, the salt tolerance threshold, was 2.0 dS m−1. Beyond the threshold, yield was reduced at a rate of 14.3% per unit increase in soil salinity. Both cultivars were more salt-tolerant at the higher level of solar radiation.
Effect of Spur Defoliation and Ringing during Bloom on Fruiting, Fruit Mineral Level, and Net Photosynthesis of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple1
Authors: Ferree David C. , Palmer John W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaf areas on individual spurs were modified in the pink stage of flower development on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), and the effects on fruiting, mineral content, and net photosynthesis (Pn), of leaves on those spurs determined. Removal of a 3mm-ring of bark from the spur increased initial fruit set, determined 1 week after petal fall, compared to normal spurs. The combination of ringing and removal of all leaves resulted in a complete loss of fruit. Final fruit set was reduced by any treatment involving ringing, reduction in spur leaf area, or injury to the stigmas. The greatest number and total weight of fruit at harvest were given by undefoliated, unringed spurs where the bourse shoot was allowed to develop. Ringing reduced Pn at petal fall but had no effect later in the season. Presence of the bourse shoot reduced Pn of spur leaves in early June. Spur leaves on fruiting trees had an important localized influence on fruit set, ultimate fruit size, and fruit Ca level of fruit produced on that spur.
Deep Supercooling and Cold Hardiness in Genus Pyrus1
Authors: Rajashekar C. , Westwood M. N. , Burke M. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deep supercooling was found in the stem tissues of all the Pyrus species studied. There was more than 1 low temperature exotherm resulting from the freezing of supercooled water in stem tissue, and these exotherms were associated with the tissue injury. The supercooled water in the stems of P. nivalis Jacq., P. cordata (Desv.) Schneider and P. elaeagrifolia Pall, was found in both xylem and bark tissues. The supercooling characteristics of vegetative and flower buds are also described. The hardiest and least hardy species found were P. caucasica Fed. and P. pashia D. Don., respectively.
Phytotoxic Responses of Cherries, Nectarines, Peaches, Pears, and Plums Fumigated with Methyl Bromide for Control of Mediterranean Fruit Fly1
Authors: Harvey John M. , Harris C. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cultivars of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), nectarine [P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.] peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch], pear (Pyrus communis L.) and plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) differed in their phytotoxic responses to methyl bromide (MB) fumigation treatments designed to control the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) without use of a subsequent cold treatment. Phytotoxic responses were relatively mild or negligible in most cultivars fumigated at 21°C with 48 g MB/m3 for 2 hours, 48 g/m3 for 3 hours, or 32 g/m3 for 4 hours. A few of the cultivars tested were very susceptible to MB injury. In some cultivars, both the control and fumigated lots exhibited symptoms of injury that apparently were not related to the fumigations but were caused by packinghouse handling or orchard practices. The fumigations slowed the ripening of cherries and plums. Decay of nectarines was slightly greater in fumigated than in control lots of fruit.
Effects of Light Intensity and Air Temperature in Simulated Postproduction Environment on Petunia hybrida Vilm.1,2
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Kowalski T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of Petunia hybrida ‘Coral Sea’ were placed in postproduction conditions of low (300 µE m−2s−1), medium (600 µE m−2s−1) or high (900 µE m−2s−1) quantum flux density (QFD) at temperatures of 10, 20, or 30°C after first flower opening. Change in dry weight and number of senesced flowers were determined, and visual quality ratings were given. Plants kept at 20° and 30° had greatest dry weight accumulation and flower number but poorest visual rating at 10 days when kept under high QFD, compared with those kept under medium or low QFD. When plants were kept at 10°, QFD was of little importance to postproduction quality. All plants delined in visual quality by 15 days when kept at 20 or 30° but remained satisfactory when kept at 10°. Plants should be held at either medium or low QFD when placed at 20° or 30° postproduction temperature.
The Influence of Paclobutrozol, a New Growth Regulator, on Sunflowers1
Authors: Wample Robert L. , Culver Elaine B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrozol PP333 = (2R,3R + 2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol at concentrations of 11.6, 58.0, and 116.0 mg of active ingredient per liter caused significant reductions in water use of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) but there was no significant influence on leaf diffusive resistance. The primary mechanism for reduced water use is by a reduction in leaf expansion. PP333 inhibited internode elongation which causes increased leaf shading. Under nonstress conditions there was no effect on leaf water potential or its components. At the highest concentration, photosynthetic rate was reduced. Fresh and dry weight of shoots was reduced proportional to leaf area. Gibberellic acid reversed the effect of PP333 of shoot height, leaf area, evapotranspiration, and shoot fresh and dry weight.
Postharvest Responses of Chinese Cabbage to High CO2 Treatment or Low O2 Storage1
Authors: Yi Wang Chien 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The outer leaf laminae of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L Pekinensis group) contain higher amounts of ascorbic acid than the outer midribs, inner leaf laminae, or inner midribs. However, the outer leaf laminae lost ascorbic acid at a faster rate than other parts of the Chinese cabbage during storage at 0°C. Quantitative differences in sugars were also found in different parts of the Chinese cabbage. The outer leaf laminae were low in total sugars and had higher amounts of fructose than glucose, whereas outer midribs contained much higher amounts of glucose than fructose. The inner leaf laminae were high in both fructose and glucose and had a higher ratio of glucose to fructose. A similar ratio was also found in inner midribs, but their total sugar content was lower than inner leaf laminae. Relatively low levels of sucrose were found in all parts of Chinese cabbage. Total sugars decreased, but the relative composition of individual sugars did not change during storage. Exposure of Chinese cabbage to 30 or 40% CO2 for 5 or 10 days was detrimental to quality. Short-term exposure to high but noninjurious concentrations of CO2 (10–20%) showed no beneficial effect on quality retention during subsequent storage in air at 0°. However, low O2 (1%) atmosphere was very effective in extending the storage life of Chinese cabbage at 0°. It slowed down the decline of ascorbic acid and sugar contents, delayed the loss of chlorophyll and yellowing of the leaves, and reduced the incidence of decay. The Chinese cabbage was not salable without extensive trimming after 3 months of storage at 0° in air, whereas those in 1% O2 at 0° were still in salable condition after 5 months of storage with only slight trimming. No off-odor, off-flavor, or other symptoms of suboxidation were found at the end of 5 months of storage in 1% O2 at 0°.
Effect of the Fruit-ripening Mutant Genes rin and nor on the Flavor of Tomato Fruit
Authors: Kopeliovitch E. , Mizrahi Y. , Rabinowitch H. D. , Kedar N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The abstract for the paper, “Effect of the Fruit-ripening Mutant Genes rin and nor on the Flavor of Tomato Fruit” by E. Kopeliovitch, Y. Mizrahi, H. D. Rabinowitch, and N. Kedar [J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107(3):361–364. 1982.], contains several errors. The correct version of the abstract is as follows: Organoleptic tests of the nonripening tomato mutants rin and nor and their F1 hybrids with the normal-fruit-bearing cultivar ‘Rutgers’ indicated that fruits of the rin heterozygous plants (rin/+) were slightly inferior and that those of heterozygote nor (nor/+) were distinctly inferior in flavor to fruits of the normal genotype (+/+), all sampled 3–5 days after ethylene and CO2 evolution rates attained maximum levels. The flavor of fruits of the double heterozygotes rin/+, nor/+ was poorer than either of the 2 single-gene heterozygotes, while fruits of both homozygous plants, nor/nor and rin/rin, were unpalatable. Analyses of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and reducing sugars did not indicate that any of these parameters are responsible for the inferior flavor of the genotypes containing the nonripening genes. Comparisons of reciprocal crosses provided no evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of fruit flavor.
Recurrent Mass Selection for Increased Seed Yield and Seed Protein Percentage in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Using a Selection Index1
Authors: Sullivan Joseph G. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recurrent mass selection based on a desired gain index was employed to increase simultaneously seed yield and seed protein percentage in the common bean. Seed protein was increased from 21.9 to 24.6% after 2 cycles of selection. Mean seed yields of selected populations were not significantly greater than the mean of the unselected parents, but high yielding individual families were identified. Of particular interest was the family 2-4-1, with seed yields equal to the highest-yielding parent, and seed protein percentage higher than all parental lines in both years in which the experiments were conducted. Modifications in the selection procedure were proposed which should increase the efficiency of selection for seed yield.
Chilling Injury and Electrolyte Leakage in Fruit of Different Tomato Cultivars1
Authors: King M. M. , Ludford P. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mature-green tomato fruit from 2 chilling-sensitive cultivars and 2 chilling-tolerant breeding lines, all derived from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., were harvested and chilled at 5°C for 0, 2, 7, and 15 days. Mature-green fruit analyzed immediately after chilling showed higher electrolyte leakage in chilling-sensitive than chilling-tolerant lines. However, electrolyte leakage from chilled fruit that were ripened before analysis was higher in normal-sized than in cherry cultivars and seemed to be a function of fruit type rather than of chilling sensitivity. Unchilled field samples of these cultivars harvested at the mature-green, turning, and full-ripe stages and analyzed immediately showed an electrolyte leakage pattern similar to that found for comparable chilled mature-green fruit. No significant differences were found in calcium content (total, bound, or soluble) or in pectinase activity between chilling-sensitive or -tolerant cultivars.
Foliar Sampling of Boston Fern1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Evans C. E. , Shumack R. L. , Plank C. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Boston fern [Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott ‘Rooseveltii’] was grown with sufficient and insufficient levels of N and K and leaf nutrient concentrations were determined periodically from 4 frond sections: frond tips, 10–12 cm; frond midsections, 10–12 cm; frond bases, 10–12 cm; and whole fronds, 30–40 cm. Both the frond midsection and the whole frond were found to be acceptable for foliar analysis. Frond tips had the lowest nutrient concentrations for most elements. Foliar N was similar for all frond sections sampled. Nitrogen deficiency symptoms occurred after 2 to 4 weeks of minus N conditions. When three N sources were added to plants grown under minus N conditions, N source had a limited influence on N uptake as measured by foliar analysis. One and 2 weeks after N treatment was restored to N-deficient ferns, foliar N had increased 55 and 100%, respectively.
Chlorflurenol as a Fruit-setting Hormone for Gynoecious Pickling Cucumber Production Under Open-field Conditions1
Authors: Ells James E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Curbiset, a commercial formulation of methyl-2-chloro-hydroxy fluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol), induced more parthenocarpic fruit on plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) from which developing fruits were removed than from plants from which fruit were not removed. Planting at closer spacings yielded more fruit per hectare when chlorflurenol was applied to young plants. However, when sprayed on older plants, spacing did not affect yield. Fruit quality (shape and color) deteriorated when harvesting was delayed beyond 10 days after spraying. Chlorflurenol set a higher percentage of pre-anthesis blossoms early in the season and a greater percentage of post-anthesis blossoms late in the season. Mature blossoms produced larger fruit at harvest than immature blossoms when set with chlorflurenol. Chlorflurenol could be used repetitively to induce a successive fruit set on the same plants for hand-harvest, or sprayed once for a once-over mechanical harvest.
Influence of Varying Soil Lead Levels on Lead Uptake of Leafy and Root Vegetables1
Authors: Nicklow C. W. , Comas-Haezebrouck P. H. , Feder W. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Six crops [lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.; collard and kale, Brassica oleracea L. (Acephala group); carrot, Daucus carota L.; beet, Beta vulgaris L.; and turnip, Brassica campestris L. (Rapifera group)] were grown in soils that contained 3 ranges of available Pb: 0–5, 225–300, and 450–600 ppm. Pb concentration in crop tissue was directly proportional to the Pb concentration in the soil. Turnip and lettuce leaf tissues accumulated the highest Pb concentrations of leafy vegetables tested, while collard and kale accumulated the lowest concentrations. The beet root peel contained elevated Pb concentrations relative to the beet root. The distribution of Pb accumulated in various parts of the plant differed between crops studied.
The Interaction of Fertilizers and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Composted Plant Residues1
Authors: Guttay A. J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Composted plant residues of corn (Zea mays L.), eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.], and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were used as the growing media for corn in a pot experiment. Fertilizer components were an added variable. The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) of corn were quantitatively low in the corn and hemlock composts and high in the maple compost. Dry-matter production was related to media fertility and independent of VAM quantity. The incidence of VAM in maple compost was negatively affected by added super-phosphate and positively affected by added ammonium nitrate, muriate of potash, and limestone. The incidence of VAM was found to be negatively correlated with extractable phosphorus in the maple compost and positively correlated with extractable potassium.
Response of Crops to Sorghum Residues1
Authors: Ruiz-Sifre Gerardo V. , Ries Stanley K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vegetable and field crops were grown on young residues of several cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) in the greenhouse and field. Seedling growth of field corn (Zea mays L.) in the greenhouse was increased by residues of sorghum shoots, but not by residues of sorghum roots. In contrast the growth of sweet corn in the field was always decreased by residues of ‘Bird-a-Boo’ sorghum roots and whole plants. The growth and yield of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field was increased or decreased by sorghum residues depending on the sorghum plant part, quantity, cultivar, and soil environment. Although sorghum residues may stimulate crop growth in some instances, this stimulation was not easily controlled because the optimal range of sorghum residues and soil environment is too narrow and unpredictable.
The Effect of Shading and Nutrient Supply on Variegation and Nutrient Content of Variegated Cultivars of Peperomia obtusifolia
Authors: Shen Gloria Wei-hsin , Seeley John G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A reduction in light intensity by 27%, 47%, or 73% shading significantly increased percent variegation (relative amount of nongreen area per leaf) and significantly decreased fresh and dry weight, but did not appreciably affect leaf nutrient content of Peperomia obtusifolia L. Nutrient treatments had no consistent effect on variegation or fresh and dry weight.
Cherry Fruit Development: Changes in Seed IAA Oxidase Activity
Authors: Valpuesta Victoriano , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity was measured in seeds of Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency from full bloom to maturity. IAA oxidase activity reached a maximum at early Stage II of fruit development and decreased to trace levels during Stage III. The peak of IAA oxidase activity coincided with the time that the seed approached full size and endosperm was at a maximum volume and just prior to the rapid growth phase of the embryo. Inhibitors of IAA oxidase were coextracted (acetate buffer, 0.2 m, pH 4.0) with the enzyme. Low molecular weight compounds, which modified IAA oxidase activity, were separated from the enzyme extract with Sephadex G-25. The compounds from seeds of fruits in Stages I and III inhibited and from Stage II enhanced IAA oxidase activity. The possible role of IAA oxidase and the effectors in cherry fruit development are discussed.
Isobutylidene Diurea and Sulfur-coated Urea as N Sources for Potatoes
Authors: Elkashif M.E. , Locascio S.J. , Hensel D.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) alone or in combinations with NH4NO3 were evaluated as N sources for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) on 2 sandy soils. Nitrogen was applied either all preplant or in split application at 134 or 201 kg N/ha. Tuber yields were highest with NH4NO3 alone or with NH4NO3 combined with IBDU or SCU, and were lowest with 100% IBDU and SCU. Marketable yields obtained with NH4NO3 were 25% and 27% higher than with 100% IBDU and SCU, respectively. Marketable and total yields increased and tuber specific gravity decreased slightly with increased N. Split applications of N increased marketable and total yields at one location. Leaf N, Mg, and Ca concentrations were higher and K was lower with NH4NO3 alone or with NH4NO3 with IBDU or SCU than with IBDU and SCU. Nitrogen sources had no significant effect on soil total soluble salts, NO3-N, or NH4-N, 7 and 12 weeks after fertilization.
Consumptive Water Use of Irrigated Pecans
Authors: Miyamoto S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water-use characteristics of irrigated pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] were evaluated in 7 commercial orchards in the El Paso—Las Cruces valleys. Test trees (8- to 35-years-old) were surface-irrigated ‘Western’, having various sizes (13–53 cm in trunk diameter) and planting densities (60–120 trees/ha). A neutron moisture probe was used for evaluating soil water depletion. Soil water depletion below a depth of 100 cm was minimal and independent of the horizontal distance from tree trunks except in young trees. Consumptive water use was highly dependent of tree size and planting density, and close-spaced, full-grown trees used 100 to 130 cm per season. Based on these field data, an empirical equation was developed for computing crop coefficients and consumptive use from trunk diameters, planting densities, and weather data.
Changes in Glucosinolates during Refrigerated Storage of Cabbage
Authors: Chong Calvin , Bérard Luce S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in glucosinolates, determined by quantifying their hydrolytic breakdown products, volatile isothiocyanates, thiocyanate ion, and vinyl-oxazolidine-2-thione (goitrin), was studied at intervals in heads of 3 cultivars of cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group), kept in refrigerated air storage at 1 ± 1°C between 5 and 215 days. There were substantial fluctuations in these glucosinolate products which occurred during storage in descending order of yield, volatile isothiocyanates, thiocyanate ion, and goitrin. During storage ‘F1 Mercury’ cabbage was higher in quality and showed less storage disorders than ‘Hidena’ and ‘Safekeeper’ cabbages, in this order. Yields of total glucosinolates in the 3 cultivars averaged over the storage period occurred in the same corresponding order: ‘F1 Mercury’ > ‘Hidena’ > ‘Safekeeper’.
Relationship of Air Temperature to Water Content and Supercooling of Overwintering Peach Flower Buds
Authors: Quamme H.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In overwintering flower buds of ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L) Batsch], seasonal changes in the supercooling point were correlated significantly with seasonal changes in water content of the whole flower bud and its parts, the flower primordium within the flower bud and the vascular traces just below the flower primordium. Both the supercooling point and the water content of the whole flower bud and its parts were correlated significantly with the 2- and 5-day mean air temperature preceding collection. Controlled-temperature studies with ‘Siberian C’ and ‘Redhaven’ revealed that the water content of the flower primordium and vascular traces and not that of the whole flower bud was critical to the level of supercooling attained. Supercooling of the flower primordium appeared to be related directly to its water content. Water content of the vascular trace appeared to be important during the initial stages of freezing for preventing spread of the ice boundary into supercooled regions of the flower primordium. Water content of the 2 critical tissues appeared to be determined by migration from and to these tissues during freezing and thawing. During freezing, water was lost from the flower primordium and vascular traces by migration to the flower bud scales which appeared to act as an ice sink. After prolonged exposure to freezing outdoors, water was also lost to the exterior of the flower bud. After thawing, the flower primordium and vascular traces regained water content by transfer from the ice sinks within the flower bud and sources external to the flower bud. Loss of flower bud hardiness occurred during storage at 0°C for 10 days, which was not due to change in water content of the flower bud or its parts. The excised flower buds of the hardier ‘Siberian C’ supercooled to a lower temperature than excised flower buds of the less hardy ‘Redhaven’ at equivalent water content.
Genotypic Differences in Morphogenic Capacity of Cultured Leaf Explants of Tomato
Authors: Maraffa Kurtz Sharon , Daniel Lineberger R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cultured leaf sections of 12 cultivars of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., were evaluated concerning their morphogenic responses to 24 combinations of indoleacetic acid (IAA, 0–2.0 mg/liter) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA, 0–10 mg/liter). Morphogenic responses were cultivar-dependent and exhibited broad maxima over a range of growth regulator concentrations. Media containing 0.2 mg/liter IAA and 1.0 or 5.0 mg/liter BA were optimal callus induction media for most cultivars. Leaf explants of all cultivars rooted on a medium supplemented only with 0.2–2.0 mg/liter IAA. Genotypic differences were observed in ability to regenerate shoots and average number of shoots regenerated. Optimal shoot regeneration medium varied with cultivar, but most often contained 0.2 or 1.0 mg/liter IAA + 2.5 or 5.0 mg/liter BA. ‘Better Boy’, ‘Starfire’, and ‘UC 134-1-2’ regenerated shoots most readily, averaging more than 10 shoots per culture. ‘Starfire’ was most amenable to in vitro shoot regeneration with as many as 19 shoots per culture.