bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the implementation of large period piece-wise linear Arnold cat map
Authors: Hermann Djeugoue , Gildas Gnyamsi Gaetan , Fouda Jean Sire Armand Eyebe , Koepf Wolfram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a piece-wise linear cat map (PWLCM) obtained by perturbing the conventional quantized Arnold cat map (QACM) with a nonlinear term. The effect of the nonlinear term on the dynamics of the QACM is investigated. We show that the eigenvalues, hence the Lyapunov exponents of the PWLCM depend on the initial conditions, which is not the case for the QACM. As a result, the proposed PWLCM is a generalized form of the QACM, whose the period exponentially increases with respect to the precision, thus taking as value 1.09 × 10513 for only 10-bit precision; while that of the corresponding QACM is only 768. The nonlinear term increases the sensitivity of the system to the initial conditions, which contributes to increase its period, hence to enhance its complexity. An electronic implementation of both the QACM and the PWLCM in the case of 4-bit precision using Multisim is presented. The proposed architecture of both the QACM and the PWLCM are implemented using Verilog and prototyped on the Zynq 7020 FPGA board. For 4-bit precision, the FPGA implementation performs 1.072 Gbps throughput at 134 MHz maximum frequency. We verified that experimental and simulation behaviors of the proposed system perfectly match, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed electronic circuit for exhibiting the expected dynamics in real-time.
A qualitative investigation of the relevance of skin irritation and self-confidence bolt-ons and their conceptual overlap with the EQ-5D in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Rencz Fanni , Mukuria Clara , Bató Alex , Poór Adrienn Katalin , Finch Aureliano Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
A number of bolt-ons have been proposed for the EQ-5D, including two psoriasis-specific bolt-ons, skin irritation and self-confidence. The study investigates and compares the relevance and comprehensiveness of these psoriasis-specific bolt-ons and the EQ-5D-5L and explores the potential conceptual overlaps between the existing five dimensions and the two bolt-ons.

Methods
Psoriasis patients were purposively sampled according to age and gender. Semi-structured interviews, where participants were asked to complete the EQ-5D-5L and the bolt-ons while thinking aloud, were conducted. Probes were used to investigate the thought processes of patients regarding the dimensions, wording, recall period and relevant concepts not captured by the EQ-5D-5L and bolt-ons. Data were analysed thematically. A focus group was used to confirm the findings.

Results
Overall, 16 patients completed the interviews. Sixteen and fifteen patients considered skin irritation and self-confidence relevant areas to describe psoriasis problems. Three patients considered itching a form of discomfort, and thus, pointed out a potential overlap between pain/discomfort and skin irritation. Twelve patients reported overall 10 general health- or psoriasis-related concepts that are not captured by the EQ-5D-5L, including itching, social relationships and sex life. Eleven patients reported that the recall period of the EQ-5D-5L might be subject to bias because of the daily or within-day fluctuations of their symptoms.

Conclusions
The skin irritation and self-confidence bolt-ons contribute to improve content validity of the EQ-5D-5L in patients with psoriasis. The qualitative approach taken in this study expands the existing methodological framework for the development and testing validity of bolt-ons for the EQ-5D.
Die Fridays for Future-Bewegung Deutschland – Skizzierung eines ethnographischen Forschungsprogramms
Authors: Posmek Jana 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Fridays for Future-Bewegung konstituiert zwar ein der Öffentlichkeit bekanntes und zunehmend auch wissenschaftlich beforschtes Phänomen, allerdings liegt bislang noch wenig feldbezogene ethnographische Forschung vor, die zentrale Praktiken, Orte und Themen der Aktivist*innen in den Bilck nimmt. Das hier in seinen methodischen und methodologischen Grundzügen skizzierte, laufende Dissertationsprojekt hat die Fridays for Future-Bewegung Deutschland und ihre jungen Aktivist*innen zum Gegenstand. Einem praxistheoretischen Zugang folgend besteht das Ziel darin zu verstehen, was in diesem vermeintlich vertrauten Feld eigentlich vor sich geht. Für diesen Zweck ist bereits ein breiter Datenkorpus entstanden, der teilnehmende Beobachtungen, qualitative Interviews und Artefakte umfasst. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt – hergeleitet aus dem Erkenntnisinteresse und aktuellen Forschungsstand – das Forschungsprogramm vor, welches von Bruno Latours und Adele E. Clarkes relationalen Theorie-Methoden-Zusammenhängen inspiriert ist.
Measurement of the social construction of knowledge: validation and reliability of the K-Social-C instrument
Authors: Yañez-Figueroa José-Antonio , Ramírez-Montoya María-Soledad , García-Peñalvo Francisco-José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe social construction of knowledge developed in social innovation laboratories occurs through the open innovation approach, which is the focus of the present study. The study variables were measured with the K-Social-C questionnaire. It was necessary to consider the indicators of each of these variables reported in the literature and the characteristics of construct, content, and criterion validity and reliability to demonstrate solidly that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure. This document confirms the conceptualization and measurement of three variables: social construction of knowledge (SCK), open innovation (OI), and social innovation laboratories (SIL). The K-Social-C questionnaire is a self-administered instrument that can measure the three variables and their indicators. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were demonstrated through statistical procedures; the content validation and expert agreement were through Kendall's concordance coefficient and the content validity coefficient. We also calculated the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha as the reliability coefficient. We extended the calculation with exploratory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity. However, to study the SCK, OI and SIL variables, we still had to consider the needs and social implications of innovation in each context.
Extreme moulting site fidelity of the Saimaa ringed seal
Authors: Biard Vincent , Nykänen Milaja , Niemi Marja , Kunnasranta Mervi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSite fidelity is commonly observed in pinnipeds and has direct consequences for individual space use and population dynamics. Here, we used photo-identification recapture data to quantify site fidelity of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) over four successive moulting seasons. We identified 337 seals based on their permanent fur patterns, and 192 of them were observed during at least 2 years. Over the study period, the median number of terrestrial haul-out sites used by an individual seal was four, and nearly 50% of the seals reused them over the years. Although eight seals performed movements (up to 48 km) between the different water basins of Lake Saimaa, most of the studied seals remained in the same water basin over the years. The median distance between successive moulting sites used by an individual seal was 643 m. While these distances were similar within years in both sexes, the distances between years were longer in females, suggesting post-nursing related behaviour. The extreme site fidelity of the Saimaa ringed seal has important implications for its conservation, especially in the land use management of the Lake Saimaa shoreline.
Cultivation of gut microorganisms of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi reveals their potential roles in the environmental adaptation of their host
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Yuting , Liu Haiming , Wei Jiankai , Yu Haiyan , Dong Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt has long been known that abundant symbiotic bacteria exist in the tunic and gut of marine ascidians, and that these play crucial roles in host development, physiological metabolism, and environmental adaptation. However, the identity, roles and functions of these symbiotic bacteria are known for only a few strains. In this study, we isolated and cultivated 263 strains of microorganisms from the intestine of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi through a combination of aerobic and anaerobic culture approaches. Most cultivated species, both aerobic and anaerobic, from ascidian stool samples belonged to the genus Bacillus based on 16S rDNA sequencing identification and phylogenetic assays. The distribution of cultured bacteria varied with seasonal changes in environmental conditions. To explore the functions of cultured bacteria, we screened out a strain of Serratia sp. whose extracts showed high antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens. These findings revealed the potential roles of gut microorganisms in ascidian defense and environmental adaptation, thus providing insights into the interaction and co-evolution between gut bacteria and their hosts.
Current dilemma in photocatalytic CO2 reduction: real solar fuel production or false positive outcomings?
Authors: Zhang Kai , Gao Qi , Xu Cuiping , Zhao Dawei , Zhu Qibin , Zhu Zhonghui , Wang Jin , Liu Cong , Yu Haitao , Sun Chen , Liu Xianglei , Xuan Yimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Solar driven carbon dioxide (CO2) recycling into hydrocarbon fuels using semiconductor photocatalysts offers an ideal energy conversion pathway to solve both the energy crisis and environmental degradation problems. However, the ubiquitous presence of carbonaceous contaminants in photocatalytic CO2 reduction system and the inferior yields of hydrocarbon fuels raise serious concerns about the reliability of the reported experimental results. Here in this perspective, we focus on the accurate assessment of the CO2 reduction products, systemically discuss the possible sources of errors in the product quantification, elaborate the common mistakes spread in the analysis of reaction products obtained in 13CO2 labelling experiments, and further propose reliable protocols for reporting the results of these isotopic tracing experiments. Moreover, the challenges and cautions in the precise measurement of O2 evolution rate are also depicted, and the amplification of the concentration of O2 in photoreactors well above the limit of detection is still demonstrated to be the most effective solution to this troublesome issue. We hope the viewpoints raised in this paper will help to assessment the reliability of the reported data in future, and also benefit the beginners that intend to dive in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction area.

Graphical abstract
24 The Urethral Microbiome During Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement
Authors: Williams J , Hill H , Wendel E , Laborde E 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Foley catheter placement prior to inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation permits drainage of the bladder to ensure safe retropubic reservoir placement and allows for palpation of the urethra to prevent inadvertent injury. The urethra is often colonized with commensal organisms mostly concentrated at the meatus and fossa navicularis to which the Foley catheter is exposed during placement. Following placement, the catheter remains on the sterile field during surgery.

Objective
We sought to investigate if the microbiome of the urethra could contaminate the Foley catheter during IPP placement.

Methods
Data was retrospectively reviewed on all patients who underwent three-piece IPP placement at a single institution from 2/2020 to 6/2021. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities were recorded. Culture swabs from the fossa navicularis and exposed Foley catheter were collected intra-operatively after Foley catheter placement. Growth of aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal organisms was assessed. Univariate analyses with chi-square tests were performed to compare baseline demographic and clinical data with isolation of organisms from culture swabs.

Results
A total of 50 patients were included in this study. All surgeries were performed via penoscrotal approach by a single surgeon. 22% (n = 11) were revision procedures, all of which were due to mechanical device malfunction. The median age of our cohort was 66.5 years (range: 42-78 years) and 30% (n = 15) had a BMI of 30 kg/m² or greater. Three patients (6%) were current smokers and 46% (n = 23) were diabetic. Two patients (4%) had isolation of aerobic organisms and five patients (10%) had isolation of anaerobic organisms. No patients had isolation of fungal organisms. There was no statistically significant relationship between obese BMI, diabetes diagnosis, or current smoking and the isolation of organisms. Three patients (6%) ultimately developed a device infection; notably, none of these patients had isolation of organisms from their culture swabs at initial implant.

Conclusions
A number of patients had isolation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms from their intra-operatively collected urethral swabs, but none of these patients have currently shown evidence of a device infection. This is the first study to examine the urethral microbiome and its potential effect on Foley catheter contamination at the time of IPP placement. Further study is needed to determine if this could be a significant source of device infection.

Disclosure
No
27 Cost Analysis of Online Telehealth Platforms Offering Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Jesse E , Sellke N , Muncey W , Ghayda RA , Loeb A , Thirumavalavan N 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Online telehealth platforms are becoming increasingly common across several areas of medicine, including those related to men's health conditions. These ventures now offer virtual services for the evaluation of testosterone deficiency and treatment via the online sale of testosterone therapy (TTh).

Objective
We sought to compare the cost of undergoing virtual evaluation and treatment with TTh via online telehealth platforms, as compared to what may be offered by a board-certified urologist following the American Urologic Association (AUA) guidelines at a tertiary care center.

Methods
Google was queried to identify platforms that offer an online consultation and prescription service for TTh. Platforms that did not provide transparency of services including details of the initial consultation, laboratory work, type of medication offered, and associated fees on the company website were excluded. Information regarding the type of providers used, services and laboratory work included in the initial consultation, and price for the evaluation and three months of treatment with TTh were gathered. These were compared to the services and prices that a board-certified urologist at a tertiary care center may offer while following the AUA guidelines for the evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency. Costs for services at the tertiary care center were estimated using a single institution's online cost estimator1 for a patient with no insurance, a patient with basic employee insurance, and a patient with Medicare.

Results
A total of three online platforms met inclusion criteria: Hone, Regenex Health, and TRT Nation. The services provided for the initial evaluation and for follow up of patients on TTh were similar between the online platforms and those suggested by AUA guidelines (Table 1). The cost of the initial consultation including laboratory services were lowest for the patient with Medicare at a tertiary center ($0) and via the online platform, Hone ($45.00) (Table 2). The estimated cost for three months of treatment with TRT including follow up was lowest among the patient with Medicare ($32.79) and the patient with basic employee insurance ($192.58) at the tertiary center (Table 3). The cost of three months of treatment and follow up was highest via the online platform Regenex Health ($1,059.00).

Conclusions
While online telehealth platforms may offer a cost benefit in the initial consultation and evaluation for TRT for some patients, the cost of ongoing treatment greatly exceeds that which may be obtained at a tertiary care center for patients with basic insurance plans or Medicare. Patients without insurance may encounter a high cost of initial evaluation at a tertiary center, however, ongoing follow up and medication costs for these patients is likely similar between select online platforms and a tertiary center.

Disclosure
No
46 Intracavernous Injection of Botulinum Toxin may Improve Erectile Function in a Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury Animal Model
Authors: Campbell J , Feng K , De Young L , Brock G 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common after treatments for prostate cancer, such as radical prostatectomy (RP) and can negatively impact both patient and partner quality of life. Botulinum toxin (Botox) promotes smooth muscle relaxation and may augment erectile function by reducing basal sympathetic tone in the corpora cavernosa. Botox utilization has suggested a neuroprotective and nerve regenerative role after peripheral nerve injury.

Objective
We investigated Botox as a durable treatment option for ED in a bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) animal model. We evaluated the structural changes in penile smooth muscle after intracavernous injection of Botox in an animal model of post-RP ED.

Methods
Sixteen Sprague Dawley rats (4.5months; 450-550g) were randomized to 4 groups: (1) Sham + NS (2) BCNI + NS (3) Sham + Botox (4) BCNI + Botox. When cavernous nerves were identified during surgery, they were either crushed (BCNI) or left untouched (Sham). Next, either 10 units of Botox or 80umL of normal saline (NS) were injected into the corpora cavernosa. On day 14, erectile function was assessed via cavernous nerve electro-stimulation induced intracavernous pressure (ICP) changes. Penile tissue was harvested for immunohistochemistry and Western blot for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA).

Results
Fourteen animals were included for analysis; one animal in groups 2 and 3 were euthanized for weight loss and lethargy. The Botox treatment groups had a net weight loss whereas the NS groups had weight gain (p&lt;0.05). Erectile function after BCNI recovered with Botox injections and both group 3 & 4 had mean peak ICP and area under the curve values analogous to baseline (group 1) and statistically improved compared to control (group 2) (Figure 1). Western blot analysis revealed a recovery of both nNOS and SMA after Botox treatment (P=0.06).

Conclusions
This is the first animal study evaluating intracavernous Botox injections for treating ED after BCNI and compared to placebo, the intervention appears to recover erectile function. Further preclinical studies are needed to support this finding, but there may be a future role for using Botox to treat post-prostatectomy ED.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: boston scientific
61 Penile Extra-Tunical Graft Reconstruction of Peyronie's Disease Concavity Deformities
Authors: Diao L , Badkhshan S , VanDyke M , Lewis Z , Dropkin B , Joice G , Sanders S , Hudak S , Morey A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The extra-tunical grafting (ETG) procedure was recently introduced by UCSF investigators as a tunica-sparing technique for management of penile concavity deformities.

Objective
We report our initial experience with the ETG procedure.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent ETG at our tertiary-care referral center between 2017-2020. A collagen graft made from bovine pericardium (Lyoplant®) was placed overlying the defect without violating the tunica albuginea or mobilizing the neurovascular bundle. The stretched penile length (SPL) and circumference at the location of deformity were measured intra-operatively. Patient reported outcomes including overall satisfaction, graft palpability, and change in erectile function were evaluated by an anonymous ten-question online survey.

Results
Nineteen men underwent ETG during the study period and had a median follow-up of 59 (IQR: 24 - 708) days. ETG was performed via either a window (15/19, 78.9%) or a de-gloving (4/19, 21.1%) incision with concomitant penile plication performed in 16/19 (84.2%) patients. Penile circumference increased by an average of 1.37 cm ± 0.53 (p = 0.03) at the location of deformity; pre- and post-operative SPL were similar (14.0 ± 1.4 vs. 14.0 ± 1.3 cm, p = 0.95). Fifteen patients (78.9%) responded to the online survey at an average of 240 days after surgery. Overall patient satisfaction was reported by 13/15 (86.7%) patients. Twelve out of 15 (80%) patients reported concavity deformity to be improved, with 73.3% reporting the deformity to be “much better” (Figure). One patient (5.3%) reported penile hypoesthesia/decrease in sensation. An improvement in erectile function was reported in 11/15 (73.3%) patients. Two of 15 (13.3%) patients noted no change in erectile function and 2/15 (13.3%) reported a decrease in erectile function. Of the 8 patients that had follow up greater than six months after surgery, graft palpability was reported in 4/8 (50%) patients but was not bothersome.

Conclusions
The ETG procedure appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of penile concavity deformities. Patient outcomes and satisfaction are favorable at intermediate follow-up.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Boston Scientific and Coloplast