bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract alleviates LPS-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior by modulating antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in rats
Authors: Awan Ambreen Mehmood , Majeed Wafa , Javed Faraza , Aslam Bilal , Iftikhar Asra , Kanwal Hafiza Arooj , Fiaz Sobia 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.

Methods:
Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC. Rats were divided into six groups. The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline, and the standard group received imipramine, while the remaining groups received 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract. All groups received treatments for 14 d. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were then administered i.p. (0.83 mg/kg) to all groups except the normal control group. After 24 h, anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis (open field, tail suspension, forced swim, sucrose preference test), and determining total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and biochemical parameters [malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6].

Results:
Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acid. Total oxidant status was significantly decreased, while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups. Moreover, Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities.

Conclusions:

Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.
Ameliorative effect of Punica granatum on sperm parameters in rats exposed to mobile radioelectromagnetic radiation
Authors: Banavath Anjaneyababu Naik , Srinivasa Sridevi Nangali 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To study the effect of mobile emitted radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on sperm parameters (sperm count, viability, motility, progressivity, and morphology) and ameliorative effect of pomegranate juice in rats.

Methods:
Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=6 in each group). Group I was neither exposed to RF-EMR nor given pomegranate juice, group II, III and IV were exposed to mobile emitted RF-EMR for 60 min/day for 90 days. After 90-day exposure to RF-EMR, group III was supplemented with pomegranate juice for 90 days (1 mL/day) and group IV was allowed to recover for 90 days without supplementation of pomegranate juice. Group V was supplemented with pomegranate juice for 90 days without exposure to RF-EMR. At the end of intervention, epididymal sperm parameters (sperm count, viability, motility, progressivity, and morphology) were measured.

Results:
The microscopic examination of sperm parameters such as sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility, progressivity were significantly decreased in group II (the mobile RF-EMR group) compared to group I (the control group) (P<0.05). In addition, sperm morphology was also significantly altered (abnormal) in group II compared to group I (P<0.05). However, the sperm parameters including sperm morphology were significantly altered in group III (mobile RF-EMR + pomegranate juice) compared to group II (P<0.05). The sperm parameters including sperm morphology were not significantly altered in group IV (the mobile RF-EMR recovery group) compared to group II (P>0.05). The sperm parameters were non-significantly increased in group V (the pomegranate juice group) compared to group I (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Mobile RF-EMR exposure reduces the sperm parameters, which, however, can be reversed by treatment with pomegranate juice, indicating that pomegranate juice can be used as a nutritional supplement to improve sperm quality.
In-vitro effect of Peganum harmala total alkaloids on spermatozoa quality and oxidative stress of epididymal ram semen
Authors: Derbak Hanane , Moussaoui Mohamed , Benberkane Amine , Ayad Abdelhanine 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To determine the in-vitro effect of the total alkaloid extract of Peganum (P.) harmala seeds on ram epididymal sperm.

Methods:
Semen was divided into six groups according to the following concentrations of the P. harmala total alkaloids: 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL, and the control group. The samples were incubated at ambient temperature (21 °C-24 °C) for 24 h, and analyzed in terms of motility, membrane integrity, and oxidative status.

Results:
The sperm kinematic parameters, i.e. straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, were significantly higher when treated with P. harmala at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/mL compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addtion, the highest amplitude of the lateral head displacement value was found in the groups treated with concentrations 1 and 5 μg/mL of P. harmala compared to the control group (P<0.05). Total and progressive motilities showed that the extracts at 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL exhibited a high percentage after 24 h of incubation. The effect of P. harmala extracts on the membrane integrity of ram epididymal sperm was concentration-dependent and significantly different compared to the control group (P<0.05). Non-significantly lower lipid peroxidation levels were observed after 24 h of incubation of ram epididymal sperm treated with concentrations 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL of P. harmala extracts compared to the control group (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Low concentrations (1-10 μg/mL) of P. harmala extracts stimulate sperm motility, preserve membrane integrity and protect ram spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation.
An implementation study of barriers to universal cervical length screening for preterm birth prevention at tertiary hospitals in Thailand
Authors: Titapant Vitaya , Chawanpaiboon Saifon , Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Kanjanapongporn Attapol , Pooliam Julaporn , Tangwiwat Pimolphan 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To identify healthcare managers’ perspectives on the barriers to implementing cervical length screening to prevent preterm births.

Methods:
In Phase I, 10 healthcare managers were interviewed. Phase II comprised questionnaire development and data validation. In Phase III, the questionnaire was administered to 40 participants, and responses were analyzed.

Results:
Their average related work experience was (21.0±7.2) years; 39 (97.5%) respondents also had healthcare management responsibilities at their respective hospitals. Most hospitals were reported to have enough obstetricians (31 cases, 77.5%) and to be able to accurately perform cervical length measurements (22 cases, 55.0%). However, no funding was allocated to universal cervical length screening (39 cases, 97.5%). Most respondents believed that implementing universal screening, as per Ministry of Public Health policies, would prevent preterm births (28 cases, 70.0%). Moreover, they suggested that hospital fees for cervical length measurements should be waived (34 cases, 85.0%). Three main perceived barriers to universal screening at tertiary hospitals were identified. They were heavy obstetrician workloads (20 cases, 50.0%); inadequate numbers of medical personnel (24 cases, 60.0%); not believing that the screening test could prevent preterm birth (8 cases, 20%) and lack of free drug support for preterm birth prevention in high-risk cases (29 cases, 72.5%).

Conclusions:
The main obstacles to universal cervical length screening are heavy staff workloads and inadequate government funding for ultrasound scanning and hormone therapy. The healthcare managers do not believe that the universal cervical length screening can help to reduce preterm birth.
Effects of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in diluents on cryopreserved bull epididymal sperm
Authors: Sakhdary Hasan , Farshad Abbas , Rostamzadeh Jalal , Binabaj Fateme Bahri , Sobhani Keyvan 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the supplementation effects of vitamin E, vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase to diluents on bull cryopreserved epididymal sperm.

Methods:
Sperm were retrieved from 20 bull testes and were then supplemented with 0.1 mM vitamin E, 5.0 mM vitamin C, 100.0 IU/mL SOD, and 100.0 μg/mL catalase alone, or in a combination. The control treatment contained no addition. After supplementation, samples were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. The sperm parameters including motility, progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, kinematics and DNA damage were evaluated following the thawing process.

Results:
Vitamin E alone significantly increased the parameters of acrosome and membrane integrity compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). While compared to the control treatment, vitamin C had no improvement effect on sperm characteristics except for membrane integrity. Treatment of vitamin E+vitamin C had a significant improvement in total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity compared to the control and other treatments (P<0.05). Compared to the control treatment, addition of SOD or catalase alone significantly improved the percentages of total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity (P<0.05). Furthermore, SOD+catalase significantly increased total motility, progressive motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity characteristics compared to the catalase treatment (P<0.05). Vitamin E alone, vitamin E+vitamin C, and SOD in diluents decreased DNA damages and thereby improved the rate of intact sperm heads.

Conclusions:
Addition of 100.0 IU/mL SOD alone and 0.1 mM vitamin E+5.0 mM vitamin C, and also 5.0 mM vitamin C+100 μg/mL catalase in a combination improves the quality of cryopreserved bull epididymal sperm and could be used for cryopreservation.
Ocular crowding value in Egyptians with history of acute angle-closure crisis
Authors: Sherief Mohammed I.A. , Hamdi Momen M. , Hssab Hassan A. , Mousa Amr S. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biometric characteristics of Egyptian patients with history of acute angle-closure crisis (AACC).

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective case–control study that included 20 patients aged 18 years and older. They were divided into three groups: group 1, which included 10 patients who had history of AACC in one eye; group 2, which included the fellow eyes of the patients with AACC who served as control eyes; and group 3, which included 10 normal volunteers participating with one eye as normal controls. Biometric parameters of the eyes were acquired and the ocular crowding value (OCV − defined as lens thickness+central corneal thickness − anterior chamber depth/axial length) was calculated for each eye. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and biometric variables were compared to compile a risk assessment for AACC.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the OCV between the different eye groups. The OCV had a 90.0% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity at a cutoff value above 0.1045. Eyes with AACC had significantly thicker lens (P=0.008), shallower anterior chamber depth (P<0.001), and shorter axial length (P<0.001) than healthy eyes.

Conclusion
The OCV might be a noncontact screening method to assess the risk of AACC in adults.
Corneal endothelial changes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mahmoud Shahira , Naga Yasmine S. , Khabiry Mohab E. , Morsy Mahmoud Hassan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic kidney disease and duration of hemodialysis on the corneal endothelium.

Patients and methods
This case–control study included 78 participants who were divided into three groups: group I: the dialyzed group, group II: the nondialyzed group, and group III: age-matched control group. The endothelial cell density (ECD), average area of endothelial cells, SD, coefficient of variation, percentage of hexagonal cells, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were compared between the three groups. The effect of blood urea, serum creatinine, and duration of dialysis on corneal endothelium was studied in the dialyzed group.

Results
The ECD was statistically significantly less in the dialyzed group compared with the nondialyzed and control groups (2345.19±307.34, 2428.46±349.38, and 2481.23±286.16 cells/mm2, respectively, P<0.001). In addition, the percentage of hexagonal cells was significantly less in the dialyzed group compared with the nondialyzed and control groups (41.27±9.73, 69.42±6.16, and 68.54±5.58%, respectively, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the following parameters were significantly higher in the dialyzed group than the nondialyzed and control groups: average area of endothelial cells area (434.23±63.20, 420±66.98, and 408.08±48.80 µm2, respectively, P<0.001), SD (170.96±48.19, 127±36.18, and 117±20.56, respectively, P<0.001), and coefficient variation of size (39.35±7.52, 31.88±7.07, and 30.54±5.82%, respectively, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the CCT between the three groups (536.19±55.24, 543.42±37.80, and 539.85±38.44 µm, respectively, P=0.84). A significant negative correlation was found between ECD and the blood urea (P=0.005) and creatinine levels (P=0.03), while the correlation with coefficient variation of size, hexagonality, and CCT was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Patients with chronic kidney disease have endothelial cell changes that may compromise the results of intraocular surgery. Awareness among physicians about these changes may help better planning of intraocular surgeries when needed.
Changes in corneal asphericity and spherical aberration after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: El-Kateb Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in corneal asphericity (Q value) and spherical aberration after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis using Scheimpflug imaging.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective nonrandomized study that included 170 myopic eyes and 30 hyperopic eyes. All patients had wave front-optimized femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis using the EX-500 and FS200 machines (WaveLight, Alcon). Patients within ±0.50 diopter (D) of plano-refraction and with an uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 20/20 were evaluated. The Q values and corneal spherical aberration Zernike values were obtained using Scheimpflug imaging (Oculyzer II) preoperatively and 1–3 months postoperatively.

Results
The mean preoperative Q value was −0.28±0.11 and −0.22±0.15 in myopic and hyperopic eyes, respectively, and became +0.35±0.44 and −0.64±0.31, respectively, postoperatively. The asphericity change was highly correlated with the preoperative spherical equivalent (r
2=0.81, P≤0.001). The mean preoperative corneal spherical aberration was +0.21±0.08 µm in the myopic eyes, and +0.36±0.11 µm in the hyperopic eyes and became +0.36±0.17 and 0.00±0.29 µm, respectively, postoperatively. The corneal spherical aberration changes were correlated with the amount of preoperative refractive error (r
2=0.34, P<0.001). There was a tendency for the Q values and spherical aberrations to become more positive after myopic ablation and more negative after hyperopic ablation.

Conclusions
Myopic and hyperopic corrections induced changes in the Q value and spherical aberrations in opposite directions (i.e. positive in myopic and negative in hyperopic eyes). The changes depend on the magnitude of the refractive correction.
Difference between Diabetic Macular Edema and Pseudophakic Macular Edema Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Abdelfattah Mostafa Kamel , Ali Omar Mohamed , Othman Gamal-Eldin Rashed , Hussein Mohamed Shehata 
Published: January 2022

Context:
Macular edema (ME) is a common pathologic condition causing vision impairment. Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of ME which can also develop after cataract surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic technique that provides imaging of fine retinal details. Proper diagnosis of the underlying etiology shall affect the management.

Aims:
This study aims to differentiation between diabetic and pseudophakic ME (DME and PME) using OCT.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional study of 2 Groups; A: 30 eyes with DME and B: 20 eyes with PME.

Subjects and Methods:
Full clinical evaluation, OCT scanning, and data analysis were done for both groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS software v. 16 was used for: Descriptive statistics, mean, range, and standard deviation. Student's t-test was used for comparison between means. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess correlation between variables.

Results:
Maximum macular thickness and central macular thickness were elevated in both groups but were higher in PME group (P = 0.042 and P = 0.00001, respectively). Macular thickness/volume ratio (TVR) was higher in PME group (P = 0.00001). Cystic changes had different distribution patterns; ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer layers were free in PME(Pseudophakic macular edema) while inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer were affected in both groups (P = 0.0061). Epiretinal membranes were found much more in DME group (P = 0.0452). Dome-shaped macula was frequently noticed in PME group (P = 0.043).

Conclusions:
PME and DME have different OCT features; higher TVR, dome-shaped macula, absence of ERM suggest PME while lower TVR, presence of inner retinal cysts and/or ERM suggest DME.
Safety and long-Term Outcomes of Repeated Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (OZURDEX®) for the Management of Macular Edema
Authors: Abdellaoui Meriem , El Bahloul Meriem , Bennis Ahmed , Chraïbi Fouad , Najdi Adil , Benatiya Idriss Andaloussi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
This study to assess the efficacy and the safety of repeated dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) in vascular macular edema in real-life practice.

Materials and Methods:
This was a 22-month prospective study, including eyes with vascular macular edema according to the inclusion criteria. Baseline and follow-up visits included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundoscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and central macular thickness (CMT) measurement with optical coherence tomography. Main outcomes included changes in BCVA and CMT at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th months; time to retreatment; and incidence of side effects.

Results:
A total of 31 eyes of 24 patients were included in the present study. After the first intravitreal injection, BCVA (baseline 0.940 ± 0.463 LogMAR) improved significantly to 0.483 ± 0.323 LogMAR at 2nd month (P = 0.000), 0.657 ± 0.357 at 4th month (P = 0.000), and 0.690 ± 0,448 at 6th month (P = 0.001). Mean CMT (baseline = 582.51 ± 148.20) decreased statistically significantly at 2nd month and 4th month after the first intravitreal injection (245.87 ± 103.86 and 456.68 ± 182.735, respectively, both P < 0.001 vs. baseline). At the 6th month, CMT was 407.93 ± 212.70 for the 16 eyes that had not been reinjected versus baseline CMT 576.93 ± 158.56 (P = 0.008). After other Ozurdex® injections, we had the same visual acuity gain and CMT reduction, an average of 2.03 ± 0.83 injections were done. The most common side effects were cataract development and rise in IOP.

Conclusion:
Ozurdex® implant is an effective treatment for vascular macular edema with a good safety profile; however, its effectiveness seems to decrease with time requiring repeated injections.
Forgoing the Opportunity and Ordaining the Preventable Catastrophe
Authors: Kulkarni Raghavendra S. , Kulkarni Rachana A. , Kulkarni SriRam R. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The previous history of fracture in the elderly confers an increased risk of subsequent future fracture. The aim of this study is to identify what proportion of fragility distal radius fracture with subsequent skeletal fracture had their osteoporosis investigation and treatment was addressed in the interval between two events.

Materials and Methods:
It is a retrospective study of 272 isolated, low-energy distal radius fractures above the age of 50 years, between 2011 and 2015. In addition, during the same period in the same hospital, all patients above 50 years with other skeletal injuries with the previous history of distal radius fracture were also identified. Both groups were cross referenced to produce a single cohort of patients with both injuries. It was also examined whether the patients had received any treatment relating to osteoporosis before they sustained a subsequent fracture.

Results:
A study cohort of 28 distal radius fracture patients with subsequent other skeletal injuries were identified. Out of these, 2 (7.1%) patients were treated for osteoporosis and 26 (92.9%) were not. The differences in event rates between patients with and without osteoporosis treatment were statistically highly significant (P > 0.001).

Conclusions:
A substantial proportion of hospitalized elderly, fragility distal radius fracture patients were not sufficiently evaluated and treated for their potential risk of osteoporosis. This issue warrants osteoporosis to be addressed by multidisciplinary approach to prevent further fracture.
The Esthetic Reverse Adipofascial Cross-finger Flap for Nail Bed and Pulp Defects
Authors: Joseph Subin , Samantaray Srikant Aruna , Shet Srivatsa M. , Koyappathody Hafiz Muhammed , Kalathingal Kader 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Unlike volar or pulp defects of fingers, nail bed loss or defects are challenging for plastic and hand surgeons. It is difficult to achieve the best esthetic fingernails following nail bed defects. The reverse adipofascial cross-finger flap is a promising option for reconstructing more natural-looking fingernails.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve patients who underwent reverse adipofascial cross-finger flap for nail and pulp defects were reviewed.

Results:
All patients were satisfied with the esthetic appearance of their nail plate and color. Overall, 83.3% of patients graded their finger as excellent and good, compared to the normal finger on the opposite hand.