bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nested Papercrafts for Anatomical and Biological Edutainment
Authors: Schindler M. , Korpitsch T. , Raidou R. G. , Wu H.‐Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new workflow for the computer‐aided generation of physicalizations, addressing Nested configurations in anatomical and biological structures. Physicalizations are an important component of anatomical and biological education and edutainment. However, existing approaches have mainly revolved around creating data sculptures through digital fabrication. Only a few recent works proposed computer‐aided pipelines for generating sculptures, such as papercrafts, with affordable and readily available materials. Papercraft generation remains a Challenging topic by itself. Yet, anatomical and biological applications pose additional Challenges, such as reconstruction complexity and insufficiency to account for multiple, Nested structures—often present in anatomical and biological structures. Our workflow comprises the following steps: (i) define the Nested configuration of the model and detect its levels, (ii) calculate the viewpoint that provides optimal, unobstructed views on inner levels, (iii) perform cuts on the outer levels to reveal the inner ones based on the viewpoint selection, (iv) estimate the stability of the cut papercraft to ensure a reliable outcome, (v) generate textures at each level, as a smart visibility mechanism that provides additional information on the inner structures, and (vi) unfold each textured mesh guaranteeing reconstruction. Our novel approach exploits the interactivity of Nested papercraft models for edutainment purposes.
Association between LAG3/CD4 gene variants and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: García‐Martín Elena , Pastor Pau , Gómez‐Tabales Javier , Alonso‐Navarro Hortensia , Alvarez Ignacio , Buongiorno Mariateresa , Cerezo‐Arias Maria de las Olas , Aguilar Miquel , Agúndez José A. G. , Jiménez‐Jiménez Félix Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSeveral recent studies suggest a possible role of lymphocyte activation 3 (LAG3) protein. LAG3 can behave as an α‐synuclein ligand, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid‐soluble LAG3 levels have been proposed as a marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is an association between 3 common single‐nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the LAG3 gene and its closely related CD4 molecule gene and the risk of PD in a Caucasian Spanish population. Two of them have been previously associated with the risk of PD in Chinese females.MethodsWe analysed genotypes and allele frequencies for CD4 rs1922452, CD4 951818 and LAG3 rs870849 SNVs, by using specifically designed TaqMan assays, in a cohort composed of 629 PD patients and 865 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls.ResultsThe frequencies of the CD4 rs1922452 A/A genotype, according to the dominant and recessive genetic models, and of the CD4 rs1922452/A allelic variant were significantly lower, and the frequencies of the CD4 rs951818 A/A genotype, according to the dominant genetic model, and of the CD4 rs951818/A allele, were significantly higher in PD patients than in controls. The differences were not significant after stratifying by sex. These two SNVs showed strong linkage. Regression models showed a lack of relation between the 3 SNVs studied and the age at onset of PD.ConclusionsThese data suggest a possible role of CD4 rs1922452 and CD4 rs951818 polymorphisms in the risk of PD.
Climate‐driven divergent long‐term trends of forest beetles in Japan
Authors: Evans Maldwyn J. , Barton Philip , Niwa Shigeru , Soga Masashi , Seibold Sebastian , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Hisano Masumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConcerning declines in insect populations have been reported from Europe and the United States, yet there are gaps in our knowledge of the drivers of insect trends and their distribution across the world. We report on our analysis of a spatially extensive, 14‐year study of ground‐dwelling beetles in four natural forest biomes spanning Japan's entire latitudinal range (3000 km). Beetle species richness, abundance and biomass declined in evergreen coniferous forests but increased in broadleaf‐coniferous mixed forests. Further, beetles in evergreen coniferous forests responded negatively to increased temperature and precipitation anomalies, which have both risen over the study's timespan. These significant changes parallel reports of climate‐driven changes in forest tree species, providing further evidence that climate change is altering forest ecosystems fundamentally. Given the enormous biodiversity and ecosystem services that forests support globally, the implications for biodiversity change resulting from climate change could be profound.
Surgical treatment of exuberant granulation tissue of the glans penis and paraphimosis in a stallion
Authors: Barbosa Luis Américo Lucas , Silva Victor Alexandre Nascimento , Lima Juliana Gonçalves , Duarte Marcos Dutra , de Oliveira Monteiro Francisco Décio , Bezerra Junior Pedro Soares , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia 
Published: July 2022

SummaryA 15‐year‐old male Quarter Horse stallion was referred with paraphimosis and suspected exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) of the glans penis. Physical examination revealed a painful, voluminous, pink, irregular, cauliflower‐shaped lesion on the penis. Based on the history, anatomical location and clinical presentation EGT was suspected. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis with no evidence of neoplasia. To obtain breeding soundness, surgical excision of the EGT and reconstruction of the glans penis was recommended. Following surgical removal of the granulation tissue, the stallion recovered without complications and returned to breeding with satisfactory performance including normal libido and mating behaviour.
Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer's disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub‐clinical cases
Authors: Kirtland Abbe , Pusterla Nicola , Bozorgmanesh Rana 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundTyzzer's disease is rare and usually fatal in the foal. Outbreaks are especially rare and have high educational value. Long‐term recovery of multiple survivors and the use of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) as a time‐sensitive screening test during an outbreak have not been reported. The epidemiology of Clostridium piliforme acute necrotising hepatitis is enigmatic because the original source is unknown.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to present highly variable clinicopathologic findings, clinical presentation, progression and challenges, diagnostic and treatment protocols of two confirmed and two presumptive Tyzzer's cases, to determine the utility of plasma SDH measurement in the identification of subclinical or early Tyzzer's disease in the on‐farm population and to identify carrier animals.Study designCase series. Prospective cohort study. Case–control study.MethodsA cut‐off value for SDH was determined based on values observed in the critically ill foals and applied to 39 on‐farm foals (114 samplings). SDH values >20 IU/L prompted prophylactic treatment. Faecal PCR testing was performed on the surviving foals, the dams of all affected foals and the dams of foals with SDH values >20 IU/L. A control group of dams with matched foaling dates was sampled.ResultsThe screening test identified one subclinical hepatitis case, in the youngest foal on the farm. No further clinical cases occurred. SDH lacked sensitivity in one confirmed case and specificity in foals >40 days of age. All faecal PCR samples were negative.Main limitationsSorbitol dehydrogenase sampling of on‐farm foals may have been biased by economic value or athletic prospect.ConclusionsTwo foals were successfully treated; one is a successful athlete. Refractory hypoglycaemia presented the greatest clinical challenge and required aggressive treatment. The source of infection and carrier status remain unknown. SDH lacks specificity but might be the most sensitive test available during a Tyzzer's disease outbreak.
Effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on bone and joint health markers in people with haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors in the HAVEN 3 study
Authors: Kiialainen Anna , Niggli Markus , Kempton Christine L. , Castaman Giancarlo , Chang Tiffany , Paz‐Priel Ido , Adamkewicz Joanne I. , Levy Gallia G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces bleeding events; however, the associated impact on bone/joint health is unknown.AimTo explore the effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on bone/joint health in people with haemophilia A (PwHA) without FVIII inhibitors enrolled in HAVEN 3 (NCT02847637).MethodsHaemophilia joint health scores (HJHS; v2.1) were evaluated at baseline and Weeks 49 and 97 in PwHA receiving emicizumab (n = 134), and at baseline and Weeks 49, 73 and 97 in PwHA who switched to emicizumab after 24 weeks of no prophylaxis (n = 17). Bone and joint biomarkers were measured in 117 PwHA at baseline and at Weeks 13, 25, 49 and 73.ResultsHJHS was lower for PwHA who were previously on FVIII prophylaxis, aged <40 years or had no target joints at baseline compared with PwHA who were receiving no prophylaxis, aged ≥40 years or with target joints. Clinically significant mean (95% confidence interval) improvements from baseline of −2.13 (−3.96, −.29) in HJHS joint‐specific domains were observed at Week 49 in PwHA with at least one target joint at study entry (n = 71); these changes were maintained through Week 97. Improvements in HJHS from baseline were also observed for PwHA aged 12–39 years. Biomarkers of bone resorption/formation, cartilage degradation/synthesis, and inflammation did not change significantly during emicizumab prophylaxis.ConclusionsClinically relevant improvements in HJHS were observed in younger PwHA and those with target joints after 48 weeks of emicizumab in HAVEN 3. Biomarkers of bone/joint health did not show significant changes during 72 weeks of emicizumab prophylaxis.
Clinical decision making of post‐treatment disease
Authors: Kvist Thomas , Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRoot‐filled teeth presenting with signs of post‐treatment disease is a common finding in virtually every dental practice. There is both empirical and experimental evidence that, as long as the condition is asymptomatic, it is often left untreated. Professional judgements and decision making in endodontics as in any medical discipline are based on qualified estimations of the probability and the value of relevant outcomes. In this paper we describe various aspects of clinical decision making in general, from a descriptive as well as a normative point of view, but with a particular focus on the condition of the root‐filled tooth with post‐treatment disease. We review how attention to various types of uncertainties are relevant for the decision‐making process. Additionally, we discuss the nature of value judgements and different concepts of health and disease which are important for understanding the complexity of the clinical decision‐making process. We also refer to a set of principal rules that can guide the clinician's decision making in every‐day practice in front of a case with endodontic post‐treatment disease. Finally, we provide some aspects on the sometime cumbersome decision whether to go for a non‐surgical or surgical method, whenever a decision on retreatment has been made.
Financial reforms and low‐income households' impact on international consumption risk sharing
Authors: Gardberg Malin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComplete financial markets allow countries to share their consumption risks internationally, thereby creating welfare gains through lower volatility of aggregate consumption. Using a panel of 116 countries between 1970 and 2019, I show that a higher share of low‐income households reduces consumption risk sharing, especially so in less‐developed countries. Moreover, I find that a broad range of financial market reforms and financial integration have a positive impact on international consumption risk sharing in poorer developing countries, while in emerging market countries, financial market development, financial reforms, and capital account openness has an impact. In advanced economies, financial (stock and bond) market development as well as financial integration improves international risk sharing. A lack of financial reforms, a lower degree of financial integration and a high share of low‐income households thus contribute to the degree of risk sharing being lower in developing countries than in advanced economies.
Highly precise breakpoint detection of chromosome balanced translocation in chronic myelogenous leukaemia: Case series
Authors: Yang Chuanchun , Cui Xiaoli , Xu Lei , Zhang Qian , Tang Shanmei , Zhang Mengmeng , Xie Ni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) has a special phenomenon of chromosome translocation, which is called Philadelphia chromosome translocation. However, the detailed connection of this structure is troublesome and expensive to be identified. Low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (LCWGS) could not only detect the previously unknown chromosomal translocation, but also provide the breakpoint candidate small region (with an accuracy of ±200 bases). Importantly, the sequencing cost of LCWGS is about US$300. Then, with the Sanger DNA sequencing, the precise breakpoint can be determined at a single base level. In our project, with LCWGS, BCR and ABL1 are successfully identified to be disrupted in three CML patients (at chr22:23,632,356 and chr9:133,590,450; chr22:23,633,748 and chr9:133,635,781; chr22: 23,631,831 and chr9:133,598,513, respectively). Due to the reconnection after chromosome breakage, classical fusion gene (BCR::ABL1) was found in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The precise breakpoints were helpful to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of CML and could better guide the classification of CML subtypes. This LCWGS method is universal and can be used to detect all diseases related to chromosome variation, such as solid tumours, liquid tumours and birth defects.
Exploring the role of antimicrobials in the selective growth of purple phototrophic bacteria through genome mining and agar spot assays
Authors: Alloul A. , Van Kampen W. , Cerruti M. , Wittouck S. , Pabst M. , Weissbrodt D.G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are an emerging group of microbes attractive for applied microbiology applications such as wastewater treatment, plant biostimulants, microbial protein, polyhydroxyalkanoates and H2 production. These photoorganoheterotrophic microbes have the unique ability to grow selectively on organic carbon in anaerobic photobioreactors. This so-called selectivity implies that the microbial community will have a low diversity and a high abundance of a particular PNSB species. Recently, it has been shown that certain PNSB strains can produce antimicrobials, yet it remains unclear whether these contribute to competitive inhibition. This research aimed to understand which type of antimicrobial PNSB produce and identify whether these compounds contribute to their selective growth. Mining 166 publicly-available PNSB genomes using the computational tool BAGEL showed that 59% contained antimicrobial encoding regions, more specifically biosynthetic clusters of bacteriocins and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Inter- and intra-species inhibition was observed in agar spot assays for Rhodobacter blasticus EBR2 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris EBE1 with inhibition zones of, respectively, 5.1 and 1.5–5.7 mm. Peptidomic analysis detected a peptide fragment in the supernatant (SVLQLLR) that had a 100% percentage identity match with a known non-ribosomal peptide synthetase with antimicrobial activity.
Use of supra‐therapeutic phenytoin for management of ventricular arrhythmias in children: Case series and literature review
Authors: Bhansali Suneet , Tan Reina Bianca M. , Spilios Maria , Cecchin Frank 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhenytoin is a versatile drug with utility in neurological, dermatological, and even cardiac disease processes. Though phenytoin is widely available due to its excellent anti‐epileptic properties, it is now rarely used as an antiarrhythmic. Phenytoin has well‐studied sodium‐channel blocking abilities which can be taken advantage of to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, it should remain in the arsenal of antiarrhythmics for any electrophysiologist. We present two cases of intractable ventricular arrhythmia in children that were controlled with phenytoin at supra‐therapeutic serum levels, preventing the need for heart transplantation.
Palaeobiology of the early sauropodomorph Mussaurus patagonicus inferred from its long bone histology
Authors: Cerda Ignacio A. , Pol Diego , Otero Alejandro , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a detailed histological study of long bones from an ontogenetic series of Mussaurus patagonicus, an early sauropodomorph from the Lower Jurassic of Argentina. Twenty long bones, including humeri, femora and fibulae, obtained from 13 individuals of different body sizes were sampled for histological analysis. In general terms, the cortical bone is formed by a well vascularized fibrolamellar and parallel fibred bone. Except for the smaller individuals, cyclical growth marks (CGMs) are well recorded in all the specimens but their number and relative position is highly variable. Mussaurus exhibits marked variation regarding relative growth rate, with some individuals growing much faster than others. Such variation affects the size of the adult individuals, which results in a poor correlation between the body size and the age/ontogenetic stage for this taxon. These discrepancies may be related to sexual dimorphism and/or developmental plasticity. Intraspecific variation is also recorded with regard to the growth strategies, which can vary from cyclical, as in other early sauropodomorphs, to continuous, as reported in sauropods. Sexual maturity appears to have been reached between 23 and 31 years, which is delayed in comparison to other early sauropodomorphs but more comparable with derived sauropods. The attainment of somatic maturity appears to have been reached at about 14 years after onset of sexual maturity. Mussaurus is a sauropodiform, phylogenetically closer to sauropods than most other Early Jurassic sauropodomorphs, and therefore provides critical information for understanding palaeobiological aspects of the origin of sauropods and the onset of gigantism in this lineage.
Insights into the complicated networks contribute to adventitious rooting in transgenic MdWOX11 apple microshoots under nitrate treatments
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Tong Lu , Fan Li , Liu Zhimin , Li Shaohuan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Li Ke , Shao Yun , Zhang Dong , Mao Jiangping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdventitious root formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of microshoots, and nitrate is an essential nutrient regulating adventitious roots. WOX11 is involved in adventitious rooting. But the crosstalk between nitrate and WOX11 is completely unknown. In this study, MdWOX11 transgenic apple microshoots were grown on different nitrate treatments. Low nitrate promotes adventitious rooting in overexpressed microshoots more than wild type and RNA interference microshoots. In contrast, medium nitrate significantly inhibits it in overexpressed and RNA interference microshoots compared with wild type microshoots. Stem anatomy indicated that medium nitrate delays root primordia formation compared with low nitrate. Methyl jasmonate and zeatin riboside played positive and negative roles in adventitious rooting, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the phenotypes better. Hormone signalling, sugar metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle and root development pathway‐related genes were selected for their potential involvement in adventitious rooting. Results suggest that nitrogen signaling and MdWOX11 expression affect cytokinin accumulation and response to cytokinin through regulating the expression of genes related to cytokinin synthesis and transduction pathways, which ultimately affect adventitious rooting. This study provided important insights into the complicated networks involved in adventitious rooting in transgenic microshoots under nitrate treatments.
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Hyperhotspots as Sensitive Indicators of Keratinocyte UV Exposure†
Authors: Garcia‐Ruiz Alejandro , Kornacker Karl , Brash Douglas E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dominant DNA damage generated by UV exposure is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which alters skin cell physiology and induces cell death and mutation. Genome‐wide nucleotide‐resolution analysis of CPDs in melanocytes and fibroblasts has identified “CPD hyperhotspots”, pyrimidine‐pyrimidine sites hundreds of fold more susceptible to the generation of CPDs than the genomic average. Identifying hyperhotspots in keratinocytes could enable measuring individual past UV exposure in small skin samples and predicting future skin cancer risk. We therefore exposed neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes to narrowband UVB and quantified CPDs using the adductSeq high‐throughput DNA sequencing method. Keratinocytes contained thousands of CPD hyperhotspots, with a UVB‐sensitivity up to 550 fold greater than the genomic average. As with melanocytes, the most sensitive sites were located in promoter regions at ETS‐family transcription factor binding sequence motifs, near RNA processing genes. Moreover, they lay at sequence motifs bound to ETS1 in CpG islands. These genes were specifically upregulated in skin and the CPD hyperhotspots were mutated in a fraction of keratinocyte cancers. Crucially for their biological importance and practical application, CPD hyperhotspot locations and UV‐sensitivity ranking demonstrated high reproducibility across experiments and across skin donors. CPD hyperhotspots are therefore sensitive indicators of UV exposure.
Antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens and alternative risk mitigation strategies
Authors: Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Maiti Biswajit , Krishna Kumar Ballamoole , Kotian Akshatha , Pinto Gillaine , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Karunasagar Iddya , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe discovery of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, is one of the most important milestones in the history of therapeutics. Since their discovery, antibiotics have been widely used in human medicine, veterinary, agriculture and aquaculture sectors. Many of the antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine are also being used in the aquaculture sector either for therapy or as prophylactic agents. However, there is increasing awareness and concern for the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the consequent emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the aquaculture settings. An aquatic environment, especially if it is eutrophic, provides a suitable niche for many bacterial pathogens to survive and multiply. Although there are limited reports of large‐scale outbreaks in the aquaculture sector directly caused by antibiotic resistant fish pathogens, the presence of transferable plasmids, transposons and integrons in fish pathogens such as Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella spp. and Vibrio spp. is a cause of concern. Thus, the need to study the resistance determinants found in these transmissible elements to different classes of antibiotics carried by fish pathogens and, their dissemination is highly relevant.