bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live and Video Simulations of Medical History-Taking: Theoretical Background, Design, Development, and Validation of a Learning Environment
Authors: Fink Maximilian C. , Reitmeier Victoria , Siebeck Matthias , Fischer Frank , Fischer Martin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHistory-taking is an essential diagnostic situation and has long been an important objective of medical education in European countries and beyond. Thus, the research project presented here investigates facilitating diagnostic competences in live and video history-taking simulations. In this chapter, the theoretical background and the design, development, and validation process of the learning environment for this research project are described. In the first section, an overview of history-taking models is provided, the concept of diagnostic competences for history-taking is specified, and a summary of research on simulation-based learning and assessment of history-taking is given. The second section reports on the creation of knowledge tests and the live and video simulations. In the third section, results from a pilot study and an expert workshop are disclosed and findings from a validation study are provided. These findings indicate that the created simulations and knowledge tests measure separate but related aspects of diagnostic competences reliably and validly and may be used for assessment. In the final section, a summary is provided and future questions for research are presented with a focus on the adaptivity of scaffolds and simulation-based learning from atypical cases.
4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity observables from Nekrasov-like partition functions
Authors: Hristov Kiril 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We reinterpret the OSV formula for the on-shell action/entropy function of asymptotically flat BPS black holes as a fixed point formula that is formally equivalent to a recent gluing proposal for asymptotically AdS4 black holes. This prompts a conjecture that the complete perturbative answer for the most general gravitational building block of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity at a single fixed point takes the form of a Nekrasov-like partition function with equivariant parameters related to the higher-derivative expansion of the prepotential. In turn this leads to a simple localization-like proposal for a set of supersymmetric partition functions in (UV completed) 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity theories. The conjecture is shown to be in agreement with a number of available results for different BPS backgrounds with both Minkowski and AdS asymptotics. In particular, it follows that the OSV formula comes from the unrefined limit of the general expression including only the so-called 𝕎 tower of higher derivatives, while the on-shell action of pure (Euclidean) AdS4 with round S3 boundary comes from the NS limit that includes only the 𝕋 tower. Backgrounds preserving less supersymmetry, such as the under-rotating black holes in flat space, the holographic squashed S3, and the static/rotating twisted and non-twisted Kerr-Newman-like black holes in AdS4 lead to a more general refined version of the corresponding gravitational blocks as dictated by the supersymmetric gluing rules.
Area-filling curves
Authors: Nasso Maria Chiara , Volčič Aljoša 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study area-filling curves, i.e. continuous and injective mappings defined on [0, 1] whose graph has positive measure. Current literature calls them “Osgood curves”, but their invention is due to H. Lebesgue. Stromberg and Tseng constructed homogeneous area-filling curves and offered an elegant example. We show that an appropriate variant of Knopp’s construction attains the same homogeneity result. In Section 4, we discuss briefly the existence of an “invasive” curve, i.e. a continuous and injective mapping from the half-open interval [0, 1[ to the unit square, whose image has measure 1. In the last section, we discuss several aspects of the Lance-Thomas curve, connecting it with the other construction due to Stromberg and Tseng.
Ovary activation correlates with the reproductive potential of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers if they are in a foreign colony
Authors: Rojek W. , Kuszewska K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn eusocial Hymenoptera, the laying of male-determined eggs by workers in an unrelated colony can be a powerful strategy for increasing direct fitness benefits. A recent study showed that honeybee rebels, which are workers that develop under queenless conditions and have high reproductive potential, drift to foreign colonies, with a preference for hopelessly queenless colonies, and act as reproductive parasites. In our experiment, by introducing 5-day-old rebels and normal workers into foreign queenright colonies, we discovered that only rebels developed a reproductive phenotype by activating their ovaries. In a similar experiment with 1-day-old workers, neither rebels nor normal workers displayed such a tendency. We suggest that workers’ reproductive potential could thus be a key parameter activating the ovaries in not only drifting workers but also workers acting as reproductive parasites. Our results also support the hypothesis that the colony recognition cue probably has an environmental, rather than a genetic, origin.
Was der (Allgemein- und Viszeral‑)Chirurg über die Thromboseprophylaxe wissen sollte
Authors: Meißler Saskia , Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger , Hansen Michael , Meyer Frank 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungEin persistierendes Problem im klinisch-operativen Alltag ist die operationsassoziierte venöse Thrombembolie mit ihren möglichen Komplikationen. Zu den ureigenen und elementaren Aufgaben des Chirurgen, sowohl des Operateurs als auch des klinisch tätigen Mediziners, gehören daher die kompetente und verlässlich realisierte Thrombembolieprophylaxe. Zahlreiche präventive Ansätze wurden entwickelt und im täglichen Management etabliert, ein Restrisiko für eine Thromboseentwicklung bleibt bestehen. Unter diesem Aspekt wurde eine Recherche insbesondere zur wissenschaftlichen Literatur mit Übersichts- und Leitliniencharakter zum Thema Risikostratifizierung, Prophylaxeverfahren allgemein und bei spezifischen Indikationen durchgeführt.
Caccioppoli-type estimates and $$\mathcal {H}$$-matrix approximations to inverses for FEM-BEM couplings
Authors: Faustmann Markus , Melenk Jens Markus , Parvizi Maryam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider three different methods for the coupling of the finite element method and the boundary element method, the Bielak–MacCamy coupling, the symmetric coupling, and the Johnson–Nédélec coupling. For each coupling, we provide discrete interior regularity estimates. As a consequence, we are able to prove the existence of exponentially convergent $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
-matrix approximants to the inverse matrices corresponding to the lowest order Galerkin discretizations of the couplings.
Cryogenic infrared spectroscopy provides mechanistic insight into the fragmentation of phospholipid silver adducts
Authors: Kirschbaum Carla , Greis Kim , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Pagel Kevin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry is arguably the most important analytical tool for structure elucidation of lipids and other metabolites. By fragmenting intact lipid ions, valuable structural information such as the lipid class and fatty acyl composition are readily obtainable. The information content of a fragment spectrum can often be increased by the addition of metal cations. In particular, the use of silver ions is deeply rooted in the history of lipidomics due to their propensity to coordinate both electron-rich heteroatoms and C = C bonds in aliphatic chains. Not surprisingly, coordination of silver ions was found to enable the distinction of sn-isomers in glycerolipids by inducing reproducible intensity differences in the fragment spectra, which could, however, not be rationalized. Here, we investigate the fragmentation behaviors of silver-adducted sn- and double bond glycerophospholipid isomers by probing fragment structures using cryogenic gas-phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Our results confirm that neutral headgroup loss from silver-adducted glycerophospholipids leads to dioxolane-type fragments generated by intramolecular cyclization. By combining high-resolution IR spectroscopy and computational modelling of silver-adducted fragments, we offer qualitative explanations for different fragmentation behaviors of glycerophospholipid isomers. Overall, the results demonstrate that gas-phase IR spectroscopy of fragment ions can significantly contribute to our understanding of lipid dissociation mechanisms and the influence of coordinating cations.
Graphical abstract
Anatomic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition: Reappraisal of Eligibility Criteria
Authors: Weixler Viktoria H. M. , Kramer Peter , Murin Peter , Romanchenko Olga , Cho Mi-Young , Ovroutski Stanislav , Hübler Michael , Berger Felix , Photiadis Joachim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral criteria to identify suitable candidates for anatomic repair in congenitally corrected transposition (cc-TGA) have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to critically re-evaluate adequacy of these recommendations in our patient cohort. All cc-TGA patients undergoing anatomic repair between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. Evaluated eligibility criteria for repair included age ≤ 15 years, LV mass index ≥ 45–50 g/m2, LV mass/volume ratio > 0.9–1.5 and systolic LV to right ventricle pressure ratio > 70–90% among others. Repair failure was defined as postoperative early mortality or LV dysfunction requiring mechanical circulatory support. Twenty-five patients were included (median [interquartile range] age at surgery 1.8 years [0.7;6.6]; median postoperative follow-up 3.2 years [0.7;6.3]). Median preoperative LV ejection fraction was 60% [56;64], indexed LV mass 48.5 g/m2 [43.7;58.1] and LV mass/volume ratio 1.5 [1.1;1.6], respectively. A total of 12 patients (48%) did not meet at least one of the previously recommended criteria, however, all but two patients (92%) experienced favorable early outcome. Of 7 patients (28%) with indexed LV mass < 45 g/m2, 6 were successfully operated. There were two early repair failures (8%) with LV dysfunction: one patient died and one required mechanical circulatory support but recovered well. Surgery was performed successfully in patients with LV mass and volume Z-scores as low as − 2 and − 2.5, respectively. Anatomic correction for cc-TGA can be performed with excellent early outcome and is feasible even in patients with LV mass below previously recommended cut-offs. The use of LV mass and volume Z-scores might help to refine eligibility criteria.
Acute calcific periarthritis—a commonly misdiagnosed pathology
Authors: Dimmick Simon , Hayter Catherine , Linklater James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute calcific periarthritis (ACP) is a self-limiting, monoarticular, peri-articular process of dystrophic mineral deposition and adjacent inflammation. Patients present with a sudden onset of pain, localised swelling, erythema, tenderness and restricted range of motion. Symptoms reduce in severity within 4–7 days and self resolve in 3–4 weeks. ACP is commonly misdiagnosed, in particular, as infective or inflammatory pathologies such as septic arthritis and gout. This condition has specific imaging findings which allows differentiation from other disorders when combined with the clinical presentation. Prompt diagnosis results in appropriate management and reduces the likelihood of unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Social immunity in the honey bee: do immune-challenged workers enter enforced or self-imposed exile?
Authors: Conroy Tarli E. , Holman Luke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimals living in large colonies are especially vulnerable to infectious pathogens and may therefore have evolved additional defences. Eusocial insects supplement their physiological immune systems with ‘social immunity’, a set of adaptations that impedes the entrance, establishment, and spread of pathogens in the colony. We here find that honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) that had been experimentally immune-challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) often exited the hive and subsequently died; some individuals were dragged out by other workers, while others appeared to leave voluntarily. In a second experiment, we found that healthy workers treated with surface chemicals from LPS-treated bees were evicted from the hive more often than controls, indicating that immune-challenged bees produce chemical cues or signals that elicit their eviction. Thirdly, we observed pairs of bees under lab conditions, and found that pairs spent more time apart when one member of the pair had received LPS, relative to controls. Our findings suggest that immune-challenged bees altruistically banish themselves, and that workers evict sick individuals which they identify using olfactory cues, putatively because of (kin) selection to limit the spread of pathogens within colonies.Significance statementJust as in humans, animals living in large groups must contend with infectious diseases. Social insects such as honey bees have evolved a range of behavioural and organisational defences against disease, collectively termed ‘social immunity’. Here, we describe experiments in which we introduced immune-stimulated bee workers into hives to study social immunity. We find that bees that were wounded or immune-challenged were more likely to leave the hive—resulting in their death—compared to healthy controls. Some of the bees leaving the hive were ejected by other workers, while some left the hive seemingly by choice: we thus find evidence for both ‘banishment’ of immune-challenged bees and self-imposed exile. Furthermore, using experiments transferring chemical signals between healthy and immune stimulated bees, we establish that the latter are identified for banishment by the chemicals present on their body surface.
Third trimester intrauterine fetal death: proposal for the assessment of the chronology of umbilical cord and placental thrombosis
Authors: Bonasoni Maria Paola , Muciaccia Barbara , Pelligra Caterina B. , Goldoni Matteo , Cecchi Rossana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe timing of umbilical cord and placental thrombosis in the third trimester intrauterine fetal death (TT-IUFD) may be fundamental for medico-legal purposes, when it undergoes medical litigation due to the absence of risk factors. Authors apply to human TT-IUFD cases a protocol, which includes histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the assessment of thrombi’s chronology. A total of 35 thrombi of umbilical cord and/or placenta were assessed: 2 in umbilical artery, 6 in umbilical vein, 15 in insertion, 10 in chorionic vessels, 1 in fetal renal vein, 1 in fetal brachiocephalic vein. Thrombi’s features were evaluated with hematoxylin–eosin, Picro-Mallory, Von Kossa, Perls, and immunohistochemistry for CD15, CD68, CD31, CD61, and Smooth Muscle Actin. The estimation of the age of the thrombi was established by applying neutrophils/macrophages ratio taking into consideration, according to literature, the presence of hemosiderophagi, calcium deposition, and angiogenesis. To estimate an approximate age of fresh thrombi (< 1 day), a non-linear regression model was tested. Results were compared to maternal risk factors, fetal time of death estimated at autopsy, mechanism, and cause of death. Our study confirms that the maternal risk factors for fetal intrauterine death and the pathologies of the cord, followed by those of the placental parenchyma, are the conditions that are most frequently associated with the presence of thrombi. Results obtained with histological stainings document that the neutrophile/macrophage ratio is a useful tool for determining placental thrombi’s age. Age estimation of thrombi on the first day is very challenging; therefore, the study presented suggests the N/M ratio as a parameter to be used, together with others, i.e., hemosiderophagi, calcium deposition, and angiogenesis, for thrombi’s age determination, and hypothesizes that its usefulness regards particularly the first days when all other parameters are negative.
Lean mass sparing in resistance-trained athletes during caloric restriction: the role of resistance training volume
Authors: Roth C. , Schoenfeld B. J. , Behringer M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany sports employ caloric restriction (CR) to reduce athletes’ body mass. During these phases, resistance training (RT) volume is often reduced to accommodate recovery demands. Since RT volume is a well-known anabolic stimulus, this review investigates whether a higher training volume helps to spare lean mass during CR. A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria. The extracted data allowed calculation of total tonnage lifted (repetitions × sets × intensity load) or weekly sets per muscle group for only 4 of the 15 studies, with RT volume being highly dependent on the examined muscle group as well as weekly training frequency per muscle group. Studies involving high RT volume programs (≥ 10 weekly sets per muscle group) revealed low-to-no (mostly female) lean mass loss. Additionally, studies increasing RT volume during CR over time appeared to demonstrate no-to-low lean mass loss when compared to studies reducing RT volume. Since data regarding RT variables applied were incomplete in most of the included studies, evidence is insufficient to conclude that a higher RT volume is better suited to spare lean mass during CR, although data seem to favor higher volumes in female athletes during CR. Moreover, the data appear to suggest that increasing RT volume during CR over time might be more effective in ameliorating CR-induced atrophy in both male and female resistance-trained athletes when compared to studies reducing RT volume. The effects of CR on lean mass sparing seem to be mediated by training experience, pre-diet volume, and energy deficit, with, on average, women tending to spare more lean mass than men. Potential explanatory mechanisms for enhanced lean mass sparing include a preserved endocrine milieu as well as heightened anabolic signaling.
Vertical traction device prevents abdominal wall retraction and facilitates early primary fascial closure of septic and non-septic open abdomen
Authors: Fung Stephen , Ashmawy Hany , Krieglstein Christian , Halama Thomas , Schilawa Dustin , Fuckert Oliver , Hees Anita , Kröpil Feride , Rehders Alexander , Lehwald-Tywuschik Nadja C. , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeOne of the major challenges in the management of patients with septic and non-septic open abdomen (OA) is to control abdominal wall retraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel vertical traction device (VTD) on primary fascial closure (PFC) and prevention of fascial retraction.MethodsTwenty patients treated with OA were included in this retrospective multicenter study. All patients were initially stabilized with laparostomy and the abdomen temporarily sealed either with a Bogotá bag or a negative pressure wound therapy system (NPWT).ResultsThe mean duration of OA and fascia-to-fascia distance (FTF) prior to the VTD application were 3 days and 15 cm, respectively. At relook laparotomy 48 h after VTD implementation, the mean FTF distance significantly decreased to 10 cm (p = 0.0081). In all cases, PFC was achieved after a mean period of 7 days. Twelve patients received the VTD in combination with a NPWT, whereas in eight patients, the device was combined with an alternative temporary abdominal closure system (TAC). Although not statistically significant, the FTF distance remarkably decreased in both groups at relook laparotomy 48 h following the device implementation. The mean periods of PFC for patients with septic and non-septic OA were comparable (7.5 vs. 7 days). During follow-up, two patients developed an incisional hernia.ConclusionVertical traction device prevents fascial retraction and facilitates early PFC in OA. In combination with NPWT, rapid fascial closure of large abdominal defects can be achieved.
Effective hyperelastic material parameters from microstructures constructed using the planar Boolean model
Authors: Brändel Matthias , Brands Dominik , Maike Simon , Rheinbach Oliver , Schröder Jörg , Schwarz Alexander , Stoyan Dietrich 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe construct two-dimensional, two-phase random heterogeneous microstructures by stochastic simulation using the planar Boolean model, which is a random collection of overlapping grains. The structures obtained are discretized using finite elements. A heterogeneous Neo-Hooke law is assumed for the phases of the microstructure, and tension tests are simulated for ensembles of microstructure samples. We determine effective material parameters, i.e., the effective Lamé moduli $$\lambda ^*$$

λ
∗

and $$\mu ^*$$

μ
∗

, on the macroscale by fitting a macroscopic material model to the microscopic stress data, using stress averaging over many microstructure samples. The effective parameters $$\lambda ^*$$

λ
∗

and $$\mu ^*$$

μ
∗

are considered as functions of the microscale material parameters and the geometric parameters of the Boolean model including the grain shape. We also consider the size of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) given a precision and an ensemble size. We use structured and unstructured meshes and also provide a comparison with the FE$$^2$$

2

method.
A reinforcement learning-based approach for imputing missing data
Authors: Awan Saqib Ejaz , Bennamoun Mohammed , Sohel Ferdous , Sanfilippo Frank , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMissing data is a major problem in real-world datasets, which hinders the performance of data analytics. Conventional data imputation schemes such as univariate single imputation replace missing values in each column with the same approximated value. These univariate single imputation techniques underestimate the variance of the imputed values. On the other hand, multivariate imputation explores the relationships between different columns of data, to impute the missing values. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where the agent learns by taking actions and receiving rewards in response, to achieve its goal. In this work, we propose an RL-based approach to impute missing data by learning a policy to impute data through an action-reward-based experience. Our approach imputes missing values in a column by working only on the same column (similar to univariate single imputation) but imputes the missing values in the column with different values thus keeping the variance in the imputed values. We report superior performance of our approach, compared with other imputation techniques, on a number of datasets.
Evaluation of fog application placement algorithms: a survey
Authors: Smolka Sven , Mann Zoltán Ádám 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, the concept of cloud computing has been extended towards the network edge. Devices near the network edge, called fog nodes, offer computing capabilities with low latency to nearby end devices. In the resulting fog computing paradigm (also called edge computing), application components can be deployed to a distributed infrastructure, comprising both cloud data centers and fog nodes. The decision which infrastructure nodes should host which application components has a large impact on important system parameters like performance and energy consumption. Several algorithms have been proposed to find a good placement of applications on a fog infrastructure. In most cases, the proposed algorithms were evaluated experimentally by the respective authors. In the absence of a theoretical analysis, a thorough and systematic empirical evaluation is of key importance for being able to make sound conclusions about the suitability of the algorithms. The aim of this paper is to survey how application placement algorithms for fog computing are evaluated in the literature. In particular, we identify good and bad practices that should be utilized respectively avoided when evaluating such algorithms.