bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total workflow uncertainty of frameless radiosurgery with the Gamma Knife Icon cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Duggar William N. , Morris Bart , He Rui , Yang Claus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveFrameless treatment with the Gamma Knife Icon is still relatively new as a treatment option. As a result, additional confidence/knowledge about the uncertainty that exists within each portion of the treatment workflow could be gained especially regarding steps that have not been previously studied in the literature.MethodsThe Icon base delivery device (Perfexion) uncertainty is quantified and validated. The novel portions of the Icon such as mask immobilization, cone‐beam computed tomography image guidance, and the intrafraction motion management methods are studied specifically and to a greater extent to determine a total workflow uncertainty of frameless treatment with the Icon.ResultsThe uncertainty of each treatment workflow step has been identified with the total workflow uncertainty being identified in this work as 1.3 mm with a standard deviation of 0.51 mm.ConclusionThe total uncertainty of frameless treatment with the Icon has been evaluated and this data may indicate the need for setup margin in this setting with data that could be used by other institutions to calculate needed setup margin per their preferred recipe after validation of this data in their context.
Using Patient‐Reported Health Data From Social Media to Identify Diverse Lupus Patients and Assess Their Symptom and Medication Expressions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Venuturupalli Swamy , Kumar Amit , Bunyan Alden , Davuluri Nikhil , Fortune Natalie , Reuter Katja 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePatient communities use social media for peer support and information seeking. This study assessed the feasibility of using public patient‐generated health data from the social network Twitter to identify diverse lupus patients and gather their perspectives about disease symptoms and medications.MethodsWe extracted public lupus‐related Twitter messages (n = 47,715 tweets) in English posted by users (n = 8,446) in the US between September 1, 2017 and October 31, 2018. We analyzed the data to describe lupus patients and the expressed themes (symptoms and medications). Two independent coders analyzed the data; Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to ensure interrater reliability. Differences in symptom and medication expressions were analyzed using 2‐tailed Z tests and a combination of 1‐way analysis of variance tests and unpaired t‐tests.ResultsWe found that lupus patients on Twitter are diverse in gender and race: approximately one‐third (34.64%, 62 of 179) were persons of color (POCs), and 85.47% were female. The expressed disease symptoms and medications varied significantly by gender and race. Most of our findings correlated with documented clinical observations, e.g., expressions of general pain (8.39%, 709 of 8,446), flares (6.05%, 511 of 8,446), and fatigue (4.18%, 353 of 8,446). However, our data also revealed less well‐known patient observations, e.g., possible racial disparities within ocular manifestations of lupus.ConclusionOur results indicate that social media surveillance can provide valuable data of clinical relevance from the perspective of lupus patients. The medical community has the opportunity to harness this information to inform the patient‐centered care within underrepresented patient groups, such as POCs.
Photoactivated Release of Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Peptide Derivatives for Synergistic Therapy of Bacterial Skin Abscesses
Authors: Chen Maohua , Zhou Jingjing , Ran Pan , Lei Fangmei , Meng Jie , Wei Junwu , Li Xiaohong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is of paramount importance to develop novel approaches for combating bacterial resistance and the integration of different antibacterial mechanisms is essential to achieve synergistic bactericidal efficiency while reducing the associated side effects. Herein, amphiphilic antimicrobial copolymers derived from poly‐l‐lysine (PLL), black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) as near‐infrared (NIR) sensitizer, and S‐nitrosocysteamine (SNO) as nitric oxide (NO) donor, are assembled into PELI@BPQD‐SNO nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions. Amphiphilic copolymers with isopentanyl grafts on PLL at a ratio of 50% achieve an optimal balance between antibacterial activity and hemolysis rate. Photothermal effect of BPQDs leads to NIR‐responsive release of NO and the combination with amphiphilic copolymers mutually enhances long‐term inhibition of bacterial growth. In an S. aureus‐infected subcutaneous abscess model, the bactericidal rate of PELI@BPQD‐SNO/NIR treatment reaches nearly 99.6%, which is significantly higher than those without NO release (38%) or amphiphilic copolymers (24%) or NIR irradiation (17%). PELI@BPQD‐SNO/NIR treatment shows full recovery of infected wounds, efficient retardation of inflammatory cells, and reconstruction of blood vessels similar to those of healthy skin. Therefore, the electrostatic assembly demonstrates a promising strategy to deliver charged therapeutic agents and the photoactivated release of NO and amphiphilic copolymers achieves synergistic antibacterial efficacy without using any antibiotics.
Synthesis and Characterizations of 5,5′‐Bibenzo[rst]pentaphene with Axial Chirality and Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Transfer
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Gunasekaran Suman , Renken Scott , Ripani Lorenzo , Schollmeyer Dieter , Kim Woojae , Marcaccio Massimo , Musser Andrew , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExploration of novel biaryls consisting of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units can be an important strategy toward further developments of organic materials with unique properties. In this study, 5,5′‐bibenzo[rst]pentaphene (BBPP) with two benzo[rst]pentaphene (BPP) units is synthesized in an efficient and versatile approach, and its structure is unambiguously elucidated by X‐ray crystallography. BBPP exhibits axial chirality, and the (M)‐ and (P)‐enantiomers are resolved by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography and studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These enantiomers have a relatively high isomerization barrier of 43.6 kcal mol−1 calculated by density functional theory. The monomer BPP and dimer BBPP are characterized by UV‐vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that both BPP and BBPP fluoresce from a formally dark S1 electronic state that is enabled by Herzberg–Teller intensity borrowing from a neighboring bright S2 state. While BPP exhibits a relatively low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), BBPP exhibits a significantly enhanced PLQY due to a greater S2 intensity borrowing. Moreover, symmetry‐breaking charge transfer in BBPP is demonstrated by spectroscopic investigations in solvents of different polarity. This suggests high potential for singlet fission in such π‐extended biaryls through appropriate molecular design.
A Dual Functional Polymer Interlayer Enables Near‐Infrared Absorbing Organic Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Lee Tack Ho , Rao Reshma R. , Pacalaj Richard A. , Wilson Anna A. , Durrant James R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic devices employing bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) of polymer donors and small molecular nonfullerene acceptors have recently demonstrated high performance, with strong visible and near‐infrared absorption and low energy losses. Such junctions are promising candidates for solar‐driven water splitting; however, the poor underwater stability of the small molecular acceptor in such devices has limited their viability to date. Here, a stable and efficient organic photoanode is demonstrated for water oxidation based upon a Y6:PM6 BHJ with a further dual functional PM6 layer transferred from water, and Au/NiFe electrocatalyst top layers. The additional PM6 layer functions to 1) increase operational stability and 2) suppress recombination losses between the BHJ and electrocatalyst layers. These BHJ/PM6 based photoanodes exhibit a photocurrent density of 4.0 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and promising operational stability compared to the anode without a PM6 layer, maintaining a photocurrent ≥ 2 mA cm−2 over 1 h. Employing these photoanodes, solar water oxidation under near‐infrared irradiation is demonstrated with an incident photon‐to‐current efficiency up to 25% at 770 nm illumination.
Interaction of soil health indicators to different regenerative farming practices on mineral soils
Authors: Xu Nan , Amgain Naba R. , Rabbany Abul , Capasso Jay , Korus Kevin , Swanson Stewart , Bhadha Jehangir H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRegenerative farming is a common practice adopted to enhance soil health. Routinely, cheaply measured soil health indicators can be used to predict unknown soil health indicators, which makes analysis simple and fast. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction and relationship between soil health indicators and the effects of regenerative farming practices on soil health indicators. We conducted a comprehensive on‐farm study across Florida, measuring 11 soil health indicators for 592 soil samples that were collected from the surface 15 cm of soil on 13 experimental sites. Sampled fields were conventionally managed or subjected to either cover cropping, organic amendment application, or their combination, and fallow fields as control plots. We tested the Pearson correlation coefficient between 11 soil health indicators and further tested the types of relationships between each indicator using regression analysis. Strong positive correlations (r ≥ + .5 to 1.0) were obtained, especially between organic matter (OM) with maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil protein (SP), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN); MWHC with CEC, SP, and TKN; TKN with CEC and SP; total phosphorus (TP) with Mehlich‐3 phosphorus (M3P). A strong negative correlation (r ≥ –.5 to –1.0) was observed between bulk density (BD) with OM, MWHC, CEC, and TKN. No significant change in soil health indicators was observed in control plots except for active carbon (AC) and CEC. Organic amendments and a combination of organic amendments with cover crops were effective in improving soil health indicators. However, cover crops alone had no effect on soil health indicators except for CEC and M3K.
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among young adults in northeastern Siberia and Midwest United States and its relationship with other biological adaptations to cold climates
Authors: Levy Stephanie B. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Zakharova Raisa N. , Fedorov Afanasiy I. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Baltakhinova Marina E. , Bondy Madison , Atallah Dania , Thompson‐Vasquez Jennah , Dong Kaylin , Debertine Anne , Leonard William R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesRecent research suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a functional role in non‐shivering thermogenesis; however, few studies have examined population variation in BAT or its relationship with other mechanisms of adaptation to cold stress. This study characterized BAT thermogenesis and other adaptive responses to low temperatures among Indigenous Siberian young adults and young adults living near Chicago, IL.Materials and methodsWe recruited 72 Yakut participants (42 females; 30 males) and 54 participants in Evanston, IL (40 females; 14 males). Anthropometric dimensions and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured, and we calculated percent divergence in RMR from expected values (divRMR). We also quantified change in supraclavicular temperature, sternum temperature, and energy expenditure after a mild cooling condition.ResultsParticipants in Yakutia were less likely to shiver during the cooling condition (p < .05) and exhibited significantly greater evidence of BAT thermogenesis, warmer sternum temperatures, and higher divRMR than participants in Evanston (p < .05). Additionally, the relationship between change in supraclavicular temperature and energy expenditure differed between the two samples.ConclusionsYakut young adults displayed greater evidence of BAT thermogenesis in response to mild cooling compared with young adults living near Chicago, IL. Furthermore, the relationship between BAT thermogenesis and change in energy expenditure appears to be stronger among Yakut adults. Adults that exhibited greater metabolic response to cold stress, such as higher BAT thermogenesis and divRMR, maintained warmer sternum temperatures. These results highlight the degree to which adaptation to cold climates involves multiple integrated biological pathways.
Ethical thinking in occupational and environmental medicine: Commentaries from the Selikoff Fund for Occupational and Environmental Cancer Research
Authors: Samuels Sheldon W. , Ringen Knut , Rom William N. , Frank Arthur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA tribute to Dr. Irving J. Selikoff MD, the founder of this journal, is indeed welcome now more than two decades after his passing. He was known during his lifetime as the US Father of Environmental Medicine which at the time encompassed occupational medicine and much more as industry also polluted the general environment. The 1970s were a busy time as OSHA and the EPA were newly formed and high exposures to workers were no exception. Dr. Selikoff was a brave pioneer examining workers throughout the country and Canada, publicizing their exposures, and writing and presenting the scientific results. Industry was not always receptive and controlled an astounding amount of narrative, with the creation of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine filling a void of scientific need. We four authors write about the ethics of occupational health, the plight of nuclear energy workers, the climate crisis and opportunity for unions to engage workers, and the global march toward educating medical students on workers' health and safety. All four of us interacted with Dr. Selikoff during his tenure at Mount Sinai, and over the years joined each other in promoting his legacy. Toward that end we have written articles honoring his memory.
Visible Light‐induced Functionalization of C−H Bonds: Opening of New Avenues in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Thakur Ankita , Manisha  , Kumar Inder , Sharma Upendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last three decades, the resurgence and astonishing evolution of visible light‐mediated unreactive C−H bond functionalization has led to a sustainable and greener approach for introducing various moieties into imperative organic frameworks without the need for substrate preactivation. Unlike traditional electrophilic or nucleophilic reactions, the free radical mechanism of photoredox catalysis opens up new routes to achieve unprecedented C−H bond functionalization. In this context, single‐electron transfer or energy transfer interactions among exogenous photocatalysts, i. e., TM photocatalysts or organic dye photosensitizers, etc., in their excited state with the targeted substrate, thus generates active radical species, which encompasses the further elusive reaction pathways. This review covers the distinct radical generation methods via photoredox catalysis to trigger the C−H bond cleavage through visible light irradiation. Herein, we provide an overview of progress made in the last five years in visible‐light‐induced C−H bond functionalization, which may help chemists to envision the significant chemical transformations in molecular complexity.
Chemical Defect‐Driven Response on Graphene‐Based Chemiresistors for Sub‐ppm Ammonia Detection
Authors: Freddi Sonia , Gonzalez Miriam C. Rodriguez , Carro Pilar , Sangaletti Luigi , De Feyter Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGas sensors are essential in several fields and, in general, features such as high sensitivity, quick response, and fast recovery are required, along with low power consumption and low cost. Graphene is considered a promising material for gas sensing applications, its functionalization often being a requisite. In the present study, we developed competitive and promising gas sensors for ammonia detection. Interestingly, we present an easy and efficient method to functionalize graphene by using diazonium chemistry with different functional groups. Moreover, we prove the superior sensing capability of our covalently modified graphene layers. These experimental data have been consistently interpreted by theoretical calculations, which reveal a defect‐driven sensor's response to ammonia. These results open the possibility of a comprehensive design and use of these graphene‐based sensors in real applications.
Asymmetric Auto‐Tandem Palladium Catalysis for 2,4‐Dienyl Carbonates: Ligand‐Controlled Divergent Synthesis
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Xiang , Chen Zhi‐Chao , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping new asymmetric auto‐tandem catalysis processes, especially in a divergent manner, is highly attractive but extremely challenging. Presented herein is a palladium‐catalyzed auto‐tandem reaction between 2,4‐dienyl carbonates and o‐TsNH arylimines or trifluoroacetophenones that proceeds through a consecutive N‐allylation, vinylogous addition, π‐σ‐π isomerization, and another N‐allylation sequence. Importantly, switchable diastereodivergent synthesis could be achieved by tuning the chiral bisphosphine ligands, which led to the construction of a broad spectrum of fused tetrahydroquinoline architectures with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity. Ligand control even enabled effective access to regiodivergent azetidine or chemodivergent β‐H elimination with fair enantioselectivity, further showing the versatility of the current auto‐tandem catalysis.
A Platform for Stop‐Flow Gradient Generation to Investigate Chemotaxis
Authors: Xiao Zuyao , Nsamela Audrey , Garlan Benjamin , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability of artificial microswimmers to respond to external stimuli and the mechanistical details of their origins belong to the most disputed challenges in interdisciplinary science. Therein, the creation of chemical gradients is technically challenging, because they quickly level out due to diffusion. Inspired by pivotal stopped flow experiments in chemical kinetics, we show that microfluidics gradient generation combined with a pressure feedback loop for precisely controlling the stop of the flows, can enable us to study mechanistical details of chemotaxis of artificial Janus micromotors, based on a catalytic reaction. We find that these copper Janus particles display a chemotactic motion along the concentration gradient in both, positive and negative direction and we demonstrate the mechanical reaction of the particles to unbalanced drag forces, explaining this behaviour.
Preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylonitrile) grafted glass and thermal stimulated detachment of surface‐attached human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nousou Tatsuki , Hirao Seiryu , Ogawa Tomohiro , Shiraishi Kohei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel cell culture substrates for non‐invasive‐targeted cell recovery were developed by grafting an upper‐critical‐solution‐temperature (UCST)‐type poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PAA) onto a glass substrate as a cell attachment scaffold by surface‐initiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (Si‐RAFT) polymerization. To optimize the UCST of PAA, the cloud point of the free polymer was first determined. Varying the chain lengths of PAA with an optimized AN‐compositions of 31 mol% followed by Si‐RAFT produced immobilized glass substrate (PAA‐g). The PAA‐g surface became hydrophilic, and the polymer brushes swelled as the temperature increased from 30 to 38°C. In addition, the viscoelasticity of PAA‐g was increased by the polymer brushes swelled. Thermal detachment of PAA‐g attached human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSC) was observed by raising the temperature from 30 to 38°C. The polymer brushes length of PAA‐g affects the degree of hiMSC detachment, likely due to the change in viscoelasticity with the polymer brushes length.
Evaluation of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context: evidence for 15 Latin American countries
Authors: Ochoa‐Moreno Wilman‐Santiago , Quito Byron , Enríquez Daniel E. , Álvarez‐García José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe tourism sector is growing rapidly, and this has greatly stimulated economic growth around the world; however, the environmental degradation that this implies cannot be ignored. In order to achieve sustainable tourism, it is important to study the link between tourism and environmental quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between tourism and CO2 emissions from 1995 to 2018 in a sample of 20 Latin American countries. Econometric techniques of cointegration and causality were used to evaluate the relationship between these variables. To test the consistency of cointegration vectors, the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOSL) model was applied for individual countries and the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) model for groups of countries. The results show that tourism revenues have a negative effect on the global panel and upper‐middle‐income countries (UMICs). This result is statistically significant. However, as tourism revenues increase, they start to have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita, globally and in UMICs. These results, which are contrary to the theory, form a U shape, which does not support the ecological Kuznets curve.
Effect of modified no‐touch laparoscopic radical hysterectomy on outcomes of early stage cervical cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: He Fangjie , Yuan Songhua , Chen Xia , Zhang Siyou , Han Yubin , Lin Tiecheng , Xu Bingnan , Huang Shimin , Pan Zhiyin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare the prognosis of modified no‐touch laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (MLRH) and laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) on survival in patients with early stage cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsThe clinicopathological data of patients with stage IB1 and IIA1 cervical cancer, who underwent radical surgery between 2014 and 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the MLRH and LRH groups using the Kaplan–Meier method. Independent prognostic factors for 5‐year DFS and OS were identified using multivariate, forward, stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsA total of 223 patients with stage IB1 and IIA1 cervical cancer were included. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the 5‐year DFS and OS rates in the MLRH (n = 81) group were significantly higher than those in the LRH group (n = 142) (DFS, 94.5% vs. 78.8%, p = 0.007; OS, 96.7% vs. 87.6%, p = 0.033). No significant differences were identified between the two groups in terms of operative time, blood loss, transfusion requirement, and intraoperative or postoperative complications. MLRH was an independent prognostic factor associated with increased 5‐year DFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.202; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.069–0.594; p = 0.004) and 5‐year OS (adjusted HR, 0.163; 95% CI, 0.035–0.748; p = 0.020).ConclusionThe oncologic outcomes were superior with MLRH than with LRH in patients with stage IB1 and IIA1 cervical cancer. Contact of cervical tumor cells with the pelvic cavity likely explains the worse prognosis associated with LRH.
Latinx and Asian trainees counseling White clients: An interpretative phenomenology
Authors: Haskins Natoya Hill , Johnson Leonissa , Finan Regina , Edirmanasinghe Natalie , Brant‐Rajahn Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing interpretative phenomenology analysis, this study explored the lived experiences of eight Latinx and Asian trainees. Four superordinate themes were identified: illuminating hegemonic structures, identity challenges, increasing competence through awareness, and varying connections. Implications related to cross‐cultural counseling and counselor education and future research are discussed.