bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clustering hyperrectangle model based on kernel density estimation for product quality detection
Authors: Lu Shaowu , Xie Hao , Tang Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of sensor technology, a huge amount of data is generated in the industrial manufacturing process, which poses new challenges for product quality detection. Meanwhile, the process data often have high‐dimensional characteristics of nonlinearity and strong correlation, so traditional methods are not suitable for quick quality detection. In this paper, to further enhance the speed and accuracy of quality detection, a clustering hyperrectangle model based on a kernel density estimation is proposed. First, based on the kernel density estimation, the distribution characteristics of data, which can directly provide optimal clustering parameter for thek‐means method, can be obtained. Next, to form the detection boundary of every hyperrectangle, the mean vector formed by clustering is used as the basis for determining the center of the hyperrectangle. Then, the distance between every sample point and the center of hyperrectangle is calculated for building the final detection condition. Furthermore, the joint determination based on the detection condition is used for effectively guaranteeing the detection accuracy. Finally, based on the simulation and experimental results, compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method can determine the detection condition in a more refined way, and has the merits of shorter test time and higher accuracy.
Functional Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Kim Han Young , Kwon Seunglee , Um Wooram , Shin Sol , Kim Chan Ho , Park Jae Hyung , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe unique biological characteristics and promising clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have galvanized EV applications for regenerative medicine. Recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication, naturally secreted EVs have the potential, as innate biotherapeutics, to promote tissue regeneration. Although EVs have emerged as novel therapeutic agents, challenges related to the clinical transition have led to further functionalization. In recent years, various engineering approaches such as preconditioning, drug loading, and surface modification have been developed to potentiate the therapeutic outcomes of EVs. Also, limitations of natural EVs have been addressed by the development of artificial EVs that offer advantages in terms of production yield and isolation methodologies. In this review, an updated overview of current techniques is provided for the functionalization of natural EVs and recent advances in artificial EVs, particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine.
MXenes Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Sun Tiedong , Tang Minglu , Shi Yangtian , Li Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMXenes have aroused widespread interest in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable photo‐thermal conversion capabilities combined with large specific surface areas. MXenes quantum dots (MQDs) have been synthesized either by the physical or chemical methods based on MXenes as precursors, which possess smaller size, higher photoluminescence, coupled with low cytotoxicity and many beneficial properties of MXenes, thereby having potential biomedical applications. Given this, this review summarized the synthesis methods, optical, surface and biological properties of MQDs along with their practical applications in the field of biomedicine. Finally, the authors make an outlook towards the synthesis, properties and applications of MQDs in the future biomedicine field.
Prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in household and temple pigeons (Columba livia) in central Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Roshan Babu , Ale Purna Bahadur , Dhakal Madhuri Adhikari , Ghimire Tirth Raj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the diversity and prevalence of the intestinal parasites in pigeons found in Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan, in central Nepal.MethodsThe fresh faecal samples (n = 155) were non‐invasively collected from different households and temples pigeons The individual samples were immediately preserved in the 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and transported to the research laboratory. Following direct wet mount and concentration methods, the samples were observed under a compound microscope.ResultsThe results showed 87.1% prevalence rate with 16 parasite species that included 8 protozoan and 8 helminth faunae. The faecal samples of temple pigeons contained a higher prevalence rate with higher parasitic richness (95.6%; 16 species) than household pigeons (75.4%; 12 species). Mixed infection up to four different species was recorded in both types of sampling populations.ConclusionsPigeons harbour a greater prevalence and wider diversity of intestinal parasites and the parasitism varies based on the habitats. Proper management and effective deworming practices are recommended to control intestinal parasitic infection in these avian hosts.
X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of toilet paper
Authors: Müller Marcelo , Basso Rodrigo L. O. , Delai Robson M. , Hönnicke Marcelo G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt the shelf, highly bleached (soft and white) toilet papers samples of different brands and one grayish toilet paper sample of another brand have been selected for spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, in order to figure out if they can present allergic components in their chemical composition. Traces of Ca, associated with the presence of CaC2O4H2O was found in one of the highly bleached toilet paper samples and in the grayish one. However, no traces of fungi were found in the scanning electronic microscopy images. A trial correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the tested toilet paper samples, surprisingly shows that the grayish toilet paper sample presents the highest softness.
Type space functors and interpretations in positive logic
Authors: Kamsma Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe construct a 2-equivalence $$\mathfrak {CohTheory}^{op }\simeq \mathfrak {TypeSpaceFunc}$$

CohTheory

op

≃
TypeSpaceFunc

. Here $$\mathfrak {CohTheory}$$
CohTheory
is the 2-category of positive theories and $$\mathfrak {TypeSpaceFunc}$$
TypeSpaceFunc
is the 2-category of type space functors. We give a precise definition of interpretations for positive logic, which will be the 1-cells in $$\mathfrak {CohTheory}$$
CohTheory
. The 2-cells are definable homomorphisms. The 2-equivalence restricts to a duality of categories, making precise the philosophy that a theory is ‘the same’ as the collection of its type spaces (i.e. its type space functor). In characterising those functors that arise as type space functors, we find that they are specific instances of (coherent) hyperdoctrines. This connects two different schools of thought on the logical structure of a theory. The key ingredient, the Deligne completeness theorem, arises from topos theory, where positive theories have been studied under the name of coherent theories.
Simultaneous determination of particle size, velocity, and mass flow in dust-laden supersonic flows
Authors: Allofs Dirk , Neeb Dominik , Gülhan Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe particle mass concentration and -mass flow rate are fundamental parameters for describing two-phase flows and are products of particle number, -size, -velocity, and -density. When investigating particle-induced heating augmentation, a detailed knowledge of these parameters is essential. In most of previous experimental studies considering particle-induced heating augmentation, only average particle mass flow rates are given, without any relation to measured particle sizes and -velocities within the flow or any indication of measurement uncertainty. In this work, particle number, individual particle sizes, and velocities were measured in a supersonic flow by means of shadowgraphy and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). The goals are to determine measurement uncertainties, a particle velocity-size relation, and the spatial distribution of number, size, velocity, and mass flow rate across the nozzle exit. Experiments were conducted in a facility with a nozzle exit diameter of 30 mm, at Ma∞ = 2.1 and Re∞ = 8.2e7 1/m. Particles made of Al2O3 and up to 60 µm in size were used for seeding. Particle mass flow rates up to 50 kg/m2 s were achieved. It is shown that an additional correction procedure reduced common software uncertainties regarding shadowgraphy particle size determination from 14% to less than 6%. Discrepancies between calculated particle velocities and experimental data were found. In terms of spatial distribution, larger particles and a higher mass flow rate concentrate in the flow center. The determined particle mass flow rate uncertainty was up to 50% for PTV; for shadowgraphy, it was less than 17%.
Graphical abstract
Retrospective single-center historical comparative study between proGAV and proGAV2.0 for surgical revision and implant duration
Authors: Brunner E , Schaumann A , Pennacchietti V , Schulz M , Thomale UW 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion shunt systems remain to be the most common treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus. Different valve systems are used to regulate CSF diversion. Preventing complications such as occlusions, ruptures, malpositioning, and over- or underdrainage are the focus for further developments. The proGAV and proGAV2.0 valve system are compared in this retrospective study for revision-free survival and isolated valve revision paradigms.

Methods
In the first part of the study, the shunt and valve revision-free survival rates were investigated in a retrospective historical comparison design for a period of 2 years in which each valve was used as standard valve (proGAV: July 2012–June 2014; proGAV2.0: January 2015–December 2016) with subsequent 30-month follow-up period, respectively. In the second part of the study, the implant duration was calculated by detecting isolated valve (valve-only) revisions together with another valve explantation during the entire period of the first study and its follow-up period.

Results
Two hundred sixty-two patients (145 male and 117 female, mean age 6.2 ± 6.1 years) were included in the cohort of revision-free survival. During the 30-month follow-up period, 41 shunt revisions, including 27 valve revisions (shunt survival rate: 72.1%, valve survival rate: 81.6%) were performed in the proGAV cohort and 37 shunt revisions, including 21 valve revisions (shunt survival rate: 74.8% and valve survival rate: 85.0%) were performed in the proGAV2.0 cohort without showing statistically significant differences. In the second part of the study, 38 cases (mean age 4.0 ± 3.9 years) met the inclusion criteria of receiving a valve-only-revision. In those patients, a total of 44 proGAV and 42 proGAV2.0 were implanted and explanted during the entire study time. In those, a significantly longer implant duration was observed for proGAV (mean valve duration 961.9 ± 650.8 days) compared to proGAV2.0 (mean length of implantation period 601.4 ± 487.8 days; p = 0.004).

Conclusion
The shunt and valve revision-free survival rates were found to be similar among the groups during 30 month follow-up. In patients who received “valve only” revisions and a subsequent explanation, the implant duration was significantly longer in the proGAV. Although the amount of patients with valve-only-revisions are small compared to the entire cohort certain patients seem to be at higher risk for repeated valve revisions.
A multicentre cohort study assessing the utility of routine blood tests as adjuncts to identify complete responders in rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors:   Eastern Rectal Cancer Response Collaborative, Ireland, Armstrong John , Balasubramanian Ishwarya , Brannigan Ann , Cahill Ronan , Cooke Fiachra , Creavin Ben , Fleming Christina , McVey Gerard , Mohan Helen , Mulsow Jurgen , Reid Conor , Ryan Éanna , Shields Conor , Schmidt Karl , Sheahan Kieran , Winter Des 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Management of rectal cancer with a complete clinical response (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is controversial. Some advocate “watch and wait” programmes and organ-preserving surgery. Central to these strategies is the ability to accurately preoperatively distinguish cCR from residual disease (RD). We sought to identify if post-NACRT (preoperative) inflammatory markers act as an adjunct to MRI and endoscopy findings for distinguishing cCR from RD in rectal cancer.

Methods
Patients from three specialist rectal cancer centres were screened for inclusion (2010–2015). For inclusion, patients were required to have completed NACRT, had a post-NACRT MRI (to assess mrTRG) and proceeded to total mesorectal excision (TME). Endoluminal response was assessed on endoscopy at 6–8 weeks post-NACRT. Pathological response to therapy was calculated using a three-point tumour regression grade system (TRG1-3). Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serum albumin (SAL), CEA and CA19-9 levels post-NACRT (preoperatively) were recorded. Variables were compared between those who had RD on post-operative pathology and those with ypCR. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 21).

Results
Six hundred forty-six patients were screened, of which 422 were suitable for inclusion. A cCR rate of 25.5% (n = 123) was observed. Sixty patients who achieved cCR were excluded from final analysis as they underwent organ-preserving surgery (local excision) leaving 63 ypCR patients compared to 359 with RD. On multivariate analysis, combining cCR on MRI and endoscopy with NLR < 5 demonstrated the greatest odds of ypCR on final histological assessment [OR 6.503 (1.594–11.652]) p < 0.001]. This method had the best diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.962 95% CI 0.936–0.987), compared to MRI (AUC = 0.711 95% CI 0.650–0.773) or endoscopy (AUC = 0.857 95% CI 0.811–0.902) alone or used together (AUC = 0.926 95% CI 0.892–0.961).

Conclusion
Combining post-NACRT inflammatory markers with restaging MRI and endoscopy findings adds another avenue to aid distinguishing RD from cCR in rectal cancer.
A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in regulation of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle
Authors: Katz Abram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlycogen is a branched, glucose polymer and the storage form of glucose in cells. Glycogen has traditionally been viewed as a key substrate for muscle ATP production during conditions of high energy demand and considered to be limiting for work capacity and force generation under defined conditions. Glycogenolysis is catalyzed by phosphorylase, while glycogenesis is catalyzed by glycogen synthase. For many years, it was believed that a primer was required for de novo glycogen synthesis and the protein considered responsible for this process was ultimately discovered and named glycogenin. However, the subsequent observation of glycogen storage in the absence of functional glycogenin raises questions about the true role of the protein. In resting muscle, phosphorylase is generally considered to be present in two forms: non-phosphorylated and inactive (phosphorylase b) and phosphorylated and constitutively active (phosphorylase a). Initially, it was believed that activation of phosphorylase during intense muscle contraction was primarily accounted for by phosphorylation of phosphorylase b (activated by increases in AMP) to a, and that glycogen synthesis during recovery from exercise occurred solely through mechanisms controlled by glucose transport and glycogen synthase. However, it now appears that these views require modifications. Moreover, the traditional roles of glycogen in muscle function have been extended in recent years and in some instances, the original concepts have undergone revision. Thus, despite the extensive amount of knowledge accrued during the past 100 years, several critical questions remain regarding the regulation of glycogen metabolism and its role in living muscle.
One-step model agnostic meta-learning using two-phase switching optimization strategy
Authors: Mahmud Saad , Lim King Hann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConventional training mechanisms often encounter limited classification performance due to the need of large training samples. To counter such an issue, the field of meta-learning has shown great potential in fine tuning and generalizing to new tasks using mini dataset. As a variant derived from the concept of Model Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML), an one-step MAML incorporated with the two-phase switching optimization strategy is proposed in this paper to improve performance using less iterations. One-step MAML uses two loops to conduct the training, known as the inner and the outer loop. During the inner loop, gradient update is performed only once per task. At the outer loop, gradient is updated based on losses accumulated by the evaluation set during each inner loop. Several experiments using the BERT-Tiny model are conducted to analyze and compare the performance of the one-step MAML with five benchmark datasets. The performance of evaluation shows that the best loss and accuracy can be achieved using one-step MAML that is coupled with the two-phase switching optimizer. It is also observed that this combination reaches its peak accuracy with the fewest number of steps.
Intraoperative ultrasound in brain tumor surgery: A review and implementation guide
Authors: Dixon Luke , Lim Adrian , Grech-Sollars Matthew , Nandi Dipankar , Camp Sophie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Accurate and reliable intraoperative neuronavigation is crucial for achieving maximal safe resection of brain tumors. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) has received significant attention as the next step in improving navigation. However, the immense cost and logistical challenge of iMRI precludes implementation in most centers worldwide. In comparison, intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) is an affordable tool, easily incorporated into existing theatre infrastructure, and operative workflow. Historically, ultrasound has been perceived as difficult to learn and standardize, with poor, artifact-prone image quality. However, ioUS has dramatically evolved over the last decade, with vast improvements in image quality and well-integrated navigation tools. Advanced techniques, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), have also matured and moved from the research field into actual clinical use. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and pragmatic guide to ioUS. A suggested protocol to facilitate learning ioUS and improve standardization is provided, and an outline of common artifacts and methods to minimize them given. The review also includes an update of advanced techniques and how they can be incorporated into clinical practice.
Does anticipation of penalty kicks in soccer transfer across similar and dissimilar sports?
Authors: Andrew Matthew , Causer Joe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine whether anticipation skill associated with penalty-kick scenarios is sport-specific, or whether it transfers between sports that have similar elements. A shortened participation history questionnaire was used to identify 97 soccer players, 47 invasion sport players (e.g., rugby), and 72 other sport players (e.g., swimming), as well as skill level (hours of engagement/competition level). These participants completed a video-based temporal occlusion anticipation test that required them to select the destination of the ball across a series of soccer penalty scenarios. Results indicated that the skilled soccer players were more accurate than the skilled and less-skilled invasion sport players and skilled and less-skilled other sport players. Skilled soccer players were also more accurate than the less-skilled soccer players, with less-skilled soccer players exhibiting similar accuracy to both the skilled and less-skilled invasion sport and other sport players indicating that processes associated with anticipation of penalty kicks may be specific to their sport.
Mitochondrial ROS signalling requires uninterrupted electron flow and is lost during ageing in flies
Authors: Graham Charlotte , Stefanatos Rhoda , Yek Angeline E. H. , Spriggs Ruth V. , Loh Samantha H. Y. , Uribe Alejandro Huerta , Zhang Tong , Martins L. Miguel , Maddocks Oliver D. K. , Scialo Filippo , Sanz Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are cellular messengers essential for cellular homeostasis. In response to stress, reverse electron transport (RET) through respiratory complex I generates high levels of mtROS. Suppression of ROS production via RET (ROS-RET) reduces survival under stress, while activation of ROS-RET extends lifespan in basal conditions. Here, we demonstrate that ROS-RET signalling requires increased electron entry and uninterrupted electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC). We find that in old fruit flies, ROS-RET is abolished when electron flux is decreased and that their mitochondria produce consistently high levels of mtROS. Finally, we demonstrate that in young flies, limiting electron exit, but not entry, from the ETC phenocopies mtROS generation observed in old individuals. Our results elucidate the mechanism by which ROS signalling is lost during ageing.
Weinen im Coaching – oder: Gehört der Taschentuchspender in jede Coachingpraxis?
Authors: Gutjahr Fabienne , Möller Heidi 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Weinen als fundamentaler menschlicher Emotionsausdruck wirft innerhalb verschiedener Fachdisziplinen seit jeher Fragen auf. In den letzten Jahren lässt sich auch innerhalb der klinischen Forschung eine zunehmende Beschäftigung mit diesem Thema beobachten. U. a. konnte im Rahmen einer Untersuchung an der Universität Kassel eine Systematisierung über verschiedene Formen des Weinens in der Psychotherapie und unterschiedliche therapeutische Verhaltensweisen im Umgang damit entwickelt werden. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Erkenntnisse dieser Untersuchung auf den Bereich des berufsbezogenen Coachings übertragen und nutzbar gemacht. Die Bedeutung des Weinens für das Coaching wird im Allgemeinen sowie im Zusammenhang mit Trauerprozessen und krisenhaften Entwicklungen diskutiert. Es werden verschiedene Implikationen für die beraterische Praxis abgeleitet.
Engineering Framework for Assessing Materials and Processes for In-Space Manufacturing
Authors: Bhundiya Harsh G. , Royer Fabien , Cordero Zachary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn-space manufacturing is a candidate approach for constructing next-generation space structures with larger characteristic dimensions than modern deployable structures. While many construction methods have been proposed, analysis of their performance for building precision structures, such as large-diameter reflectors, is scarce. In this paper, we present a quantitative, system-level comparison of materials and processes for in-space manufacturing. By using performance metrics for thermal stability, resistance to disturbance loads, and minimal-mass buckling strength, we identify candidate feedstock materials. Then, using the metrics of energy consumption and accuracy, we compare candidate processing methods and find that deformation processing is a promising on-orbit manufacturing method. We synthesize the analysis with a case study on the construction of a tetrahedral truss supporting a reflector surface and provide guidelines for assessing materials and processes for in-space manufacturing.