bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on properties of MAO/PCL composite coating on ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Yang Junwei , Chen Xiaowen , Luo Bin , Tang Song , Xie Wanlin , Zhang Defen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroarc oxidation technology enhances magnesium alloy surfaces but faces cracks and micropores. Adding C6H10CaO6 and Ca(OH)2 only partially solves this. This study used immersion pulling to create a microarc oxidation/polycaprolactone composite film, examining its properties and degradation. The film transitioned from smooth to porous with calcium and phosphorus deposits. After 56 days, the Ca/P ratio approached the ideal 1.67, matching the biological environment. The polycaprolactone layer thinned in corrosive media, with hydrogen bubbles and film detachment. Surface sediments included Ca2P2O7 and hydroxyapatite (HA), important for biocompatibility. Cell experiments showed superior adhesion and proliferation on the composite film compared to controls. A degradation model revealed the film's protective role during three stages. In summary, the composite film exhibits excellent surface morphology and composition, promotes cell growth, and protects the magnesium alloy substrate during degradation.
Protective effects of BCG vaccination against multibacillary disease, reactions, and disabilities in childhood leprosy: Insights from a retrospective observational study from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Narang Tarun , Sharma Apoorva , Kaushal Ishita , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Dogra Sunil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and methodsWhile leprosy primarily affects adults, childhood leprosy poses unique challenges because of its potential to cause lifelong disabilities and stigma. This is a retrospective record review of all patients aged 15 or below, diagnosed with leprosy, who were registered at the leprosy clinic of our tertiary care center from June 2014 to December 2023.ResultsAs per hospital records, 1083 leprosy cases were registered at our center during the study period. Of these, 50 (4.6%) were children below 15 years of age. Persistent skin lesions (PSL) were seen in 11 (22%) cases, and the most common spectrum in which PSL were seen was the bordeline tuberculoid spectrum (BT) (7/11; 63.6%). Among these cases, a Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) scar was present in only four (36.4%) patients. Overall, a BCG scar was noted in 39/50 cases (78%). The relationship between having no BCG scar and multibacillary disease, lepromatous leprosy (LL), or the borderline lepromatous (BL) spectrum was statistically significant (P = 0.021). Of the six reaction cases, only one patient had a BCG scar (2%). A statistically significant association was found between the absence of a BCG scar and having a reaction (P < 0.01). Of the 11 grade 2 disability cases, nine cases (all within the BL or LL spectrum) had no BCG scar, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.01).ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to strengthen the evidence of the impact of vaccination [BCG/Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP)] on the patterns of childhood leprosy, its effect on PSL, and its role in the prevention of reactions and disabilities. Such research would also help in optimizing strategies for the vaccine's universal application.
Integrating Social–Emotional Learning Into Gamified Flipped Classrooms: Impacts on Emotion Regulation, Achievement and Communication Tendency
Authors: Nguyen Vu Thanh Tam , Chen Hsiu‐Ling , Nguyen Van Tran Kieu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSocial–emotional practices are crucial in today's educational landscape, fostering students' emotional intelligence, resilience and interpersonal skills. Integrating these practices into the gamified flipped classroom approach creates an enriched learning environment. However, there exists a notable research gap regarding the specific implementation and empirical evaluation of social–emotional learning (SEL) strategies within the gamified flipped classroom model specifically tailored for higher education settings.ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of integrating SEL practices into a gamified flipped‐classroom approach (GFLA) on students' emotional regulation, learning achievement, communication, and collaboration tendencies.MethodsA mixed‐methods quasi‐experimental design was employed, involving 36 students enrolled in a study skills course at a university in Vietnam. Participants were assigned to either the SEL‐enhanced GFLA (SEL‐GFLA) group or the GFLA group. The SEL‐GFLA group experienced SEL practices such as meditation breathing, compliment before feedback and optimistic closure.Results and ConclusionsThe findings, analysed using independent t‐tests, ANCOVA and thematic analysis, revealed that integrating SEL practices into the gamified flipped classroom approach positively influenced students' emotion regulation, learning achievement, communication tendency, learning competence support and emotional appraisal support. These results have implications for educators and policy makers, highlighting the benefits of incorporating SEL practices into instructional approaches to enhance students' socio‐emotional and academic outcomes.
The efficacy of facial skeletal treatment options in the management of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Gunson Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent cessation of breathing during sleep due to the collapse of oropharyngeal tissues. This review examines the role of craniofacial growth in OSA and evaluates the efficacy of orthodontic and orthognathic treatments. Maxillary expansion and orthognathic surgery have demonstrated significant reductions in sleep apneas and hypopneas, although they do not consistently achieve cure levels, particularly in the presence of obesity and connective tissue disorders. Understanding the multifaceted pathophysiology of OSA and addressing confounding factors such as obesity and muscle tone are essential for enhancing treatment outcomes.
The arguments of El Norte's editorialists on the mandate revocation in Mexico
Authors: Sotomayor Eduardo E. Parrilla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article analyzes a sample of editorial opinions from El Norte newspaper on the mandate revocation of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. In the March 27, 2022 edition, 2 weeks before the consultation, 46 editorialists expressed their opinions on the matter. Through Toulmin's theory of argumentation, this article analyzes the three ideological stances they took to determine whether they incur in fallacies—those who stated they would abstain from participating because they are against the President, those who stated they would participate to revoke his mandate, and those who expressed that the revocation was a valid exercise without stating how they would vote.
Using constructs of ‘good’ writing to develop ‘a voice of one's own’ in the primary school classroom
Authors: González‐Diaz Victorina , Parr Elizabeth , Nourie Kristi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPartly as result of the predominant ‘narrow’ view of writing in England's recent school curriculum and assessment, current primary school pupils often hold a skills‐oriented view of ‘good’ writing for a substantially longer period than has traditionally been reported in the literature. This makes it difficult for teachers to promote and engage children with writing in the classroom and—crucially for the present paper—limits pupils' awareness of the wide stock of resources they can exploit in their practice, thus impacting on the development of their writer identity. This paper reports on the pupil impact of a teacher‐led project on ‘good’ writing constructs carried out in Merseyside schools in spring 2023. Results from this mixed methods study suggest that classroom activities aimed at developing in pupils a holistic concept of ‘good’ school writing provides children with greater awareness of the notion of ‘choice’ in the writing process, hence fostering self‐efficacy mechanisms that encourage the resourcefulness, creativity and individuality essential to writer identity creation.
The Costs of a Multisectoral Nutrition Program Implemented Through a Poultry Value Chain Platform in Burkina Faso
Authors: Margolies Amy , Pedehombga Abdoulaye , Twalibu Aisha , Nwabuikwu Odiche , Wun Jolene , Kemp Chris , Gelli Aulo , Levin Carol 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUndernutrition in women and young children in Burkina Faso is a critical problem. Egg consumption is low despite many households raising poultry. The Soutenir l'Exploitation Familiale pour Lancer l'Élevage des Volailles et Valoriser l'Économie Rurale (SELEVER) project, an integrated agriculture‐nutrition intervention, promoted egg consumption and sales to investigate the impact of poultry production on child nutrition. Multisectoral nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programs address nutrition deficits but lack comparable cost information. This study estimates the costs of the SELEVER program, an integrated poultry and nutrition intervention. The study estimates the program's economic costs using a standardized methodology from the Strengthening Economic Evaluation for Multisectoral Strategies for Nutrition (SEEMS‐Nutrition) consortium, which aligns financial and economic costs along program impact pathways, allocating costs by activities and inputs. We conducted qualitative interviews and focus groups on time allocation and beneficiary out‐of‐pocket costs. Incremental economic costs were calculated by combining expenditures and economic costs. The total incremental program cost was USD$18,084,727.68 over 5 years, with annual incremental costs of USD$209.20 per direct beneficiary and $796.26 per household. Major cost drivers included overhead (18%), poultry extension (17%), training (16%), household counseling (7%), technical assistance (7%) and microcredit (6%). Total input costs were dominated by personnel (51%), supplies (13%), agricultural inputs (10%) and overhead (9%). We present the total incremental costs of a multisectoral nutrition intervention to generate revenue with poultry. The costs per beneficiary were higher than similar interventions, underscoring the need for cost‐effectiveness evaluations of multisectoral nutrition programs. A standardized cost methodology facilitates comparisons with multisectoral nutrition interventions and builds the evidence base.
Diverse Colonisation and Disease Associations of the Human Commensal Malassezia: Our Body's Secret Tenant
Authors: Sasikumar Jayaprakash , Ebrahim Rumaisa Ali , Das Shankar Prasad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA niche in the context of microorganisms defines the specific ecological role or habitat inhabited by microbial species within an ecosystem. For the human commensal Malassezia, the skin surface is considered its primary niche, where it adapts to the skin environment by utilising lipids as its main carbon and energy source. However pathogenic characteristics of Malassezia include the production of allergens, immune modulation and excessive lipid utilisation, which result in several diseases such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis and atopic dermatitis. Recent studies have revealed Malassezia colonisation in internal organs, including the lungs, gut, genitourinary tract, eyes, ears and breast milk. In these organs, Malassezia is associated with diseases linked to respiratory conditions, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and genital infections. The immune system plays a critical role in shaping Malassezia prevalence, with factors like, immune suppressive drugs and underlying health conditions influencing susceptibility. Accurate diagnosis of Malassezia‐related skin disorders is challenging due to its unique growth requirements, but molecular fingerprinting assays and sequencing methods, particularly ITS sequencing, offer precise identification. Treatment involves antifungal drugs, corticosteroids and phytocompounds, yet recurrent infections highlight the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies addressing Malassezia's pathogenic characteristics. Understanding the complex interactions between Malassezia and the host organs is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and prevention and exploring its potentially beneficial roles in health and disease. This review highlights the current findings on the intricate interactions between Malassezia and the diverse ecosystem of the human body, underscoring the complexity of these associations and emphasising their multifaceted role in health and disease.
Is There a Correlation Between Quality of Life and Salivary Interleukin‐6 in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus or Burning Mouth Syndrome?
Authors: Glavina Ana , Lugović‐Mihić Liborija , Martinović Dinko , Cigić Livia , Biočina‐Lukenda Dolores , Šupe‐Domić Daniela 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of our study was to compare the salivary interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentration and the quality of life (QoL) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) or burning mouth syndrome (BMS).Materials and MethodsA total of 160 subjects participated in the cross‐sectional study. The unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was used as a reference for the determination of salivary IL‐6 concentration by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). QoL was assessed using the Croatian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP‐CRO14).ResultsThe salivary IL‐6 concentration showed no statistically significant difference between patients with OLP, patients with BMS or control subjects (p = 0.244). There was a strong/good positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and the OHIP‐CRO14 dimension “physical pain” (r = 0.720, p < 0.001) and “physical impossibility” (r = 0.372, p = 0.003) in patients with OLP. There was a good positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and the OHIP‐CRO14 dimension “handicap” (r = 0.353, p = 0.005) in patients with BMS.ConclusionsSymptom intensity (pain/burning) showed no correlation with salivary IL‐6 concentration in patients with OLP or BMS. A slight increase or decrease in salivary IL‐6 concentration in OLP or BMS indicates an inflammatory etiopathogenesis of OLP and a loss of neuroprotection in BMS.
Association between the onset of diabetic retinopathy and thickness changes in the retina and choroid of children with type 1 diabetes: A three‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Wu Yiwei , Xiao Ying , Cui Lipu , Qin Xinran , Chen Shuli , An Qingyu , Yuan Tianyi , Lin Qiurong , Zou Haidong , He Xiangui , Yang Chenhao , Jin Peiyao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo explore the longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal thickness and their relation with the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.MethodsThirty‐eight children with T1DM and 71 healthy controls were included in this 3‐year longitudinal study. Ophthalmic and systemic examinations were conducted on each participant. Retinal and choroidal thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography. Baseline values and changes in retinal and choroidal thickness were compared with DR onset, diabetics without DR and healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to explore the association with DR development.ResultsSix children developed DR during the follow‐up period (15.79%) and five of them developed microaneurysms in the parapapillary temporal quadrant. During follow‐up, greater retinal thickening occurred in subjects with DR compared with diabetic participants without DR (p = 0.03) and healthy controls (p = 0.02) in the parapapillary outer temporal section. Compared with the control group, greater retinal thickening was observed in DR subjects in the averaged parapapillary outer ring (p = 0.01), the macular inner temporal section (p = 0.03) and several macular sections (all p < 0.05). Additionally, greater retinal thickening was observed in several parapapillary regions in non‐DR T1DM participants compared with healthy controls (all p < 0.05). The thickness change in the outer temporal parapapillary section was independently associated with DR onset (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.73, p = 0.04).ConclusionChildren with T1DM showed a significant or a trend of increasing retinal and choroidal thickness compared with normal controls over a 3‐year period. The change of retinal thickness in the parapapillary outer temporal section was associated with the development of DR in children with T1DM, suggesting that it could serve as a biomarker for predicting and screening DR in these individuals.
Stomatal and Hydraulic Redundancy Allows Woody Species to Adapt to Arid Environments
Authors: Yao Guang‐Qian , Li Yan‐Ru , Duan Yu‐Na , Han Shun‐Ping , Deng Zi‐Jian , Yang Di , Tian Xue‐Qian , Li Feng‐Ping , Hasan Md. Mahadi , Fang Xiang‐Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFunctional redundancy is considered a pivotal mechanism for maintaining the adaptability of species by preventing the loss of key functions in response to dehydration. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the redundancy of leaf hydraulic systems along aridity gradients. Here, photosynthesis (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) during dehydration were measured in 20 woody species from a range of aridity index (AI) conditions and growing in a common garden to quantify stomatal redundancy (SR), the extent of stomatal opening beyond the optimum required for maximum photosynthesis (Amax), leaf hydraulic redundancy (HR), and the extent of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) beyond the optimum required for maximum gs (gs‐max). The findings revealed that species from arid habitats tended to have higher SRs but lower HRs than did species from humid habitats. The relatively high SR in arid species arose from relatively high gs‐max values. The relatively low HR arose from the relatively high Kleaf value at a 5% reduction in gs‐max (Kleaf‐gs). Our results suggest that greater stomatal redundancy and lower hydraulic redundancy prevent the loss of photosynthesis and water transportation, respectively, and thus might be the key adaptive mechanisms for plants to adapt to drought conditions.
“Semper supra”? Trump administration policy narratives and the creation of the space force
Authors: S. Lantis Jeffrey 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 2019, the Donald Trump administration rejected the draft Treaty on the Prevention of Placement of Weapons in Space (PPWT) in the UN Conference on Disarmament and instead created the Space Force, the first new US military service branch established in decades. The administration had to overcome a series of obstacles to achieve this, though, including public opposition from powerful government actors, the absence of a coherent strategic vision guiding the creation of a Space Force, and entrenched bureaucratic resistance. This article adopts the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) theory to show how Trump administration officials changed their dominant narratives in defense policy. By portraying the United States as the “hero” that faced increasing space security threats from “villains,” Russia and China, the policy narrative promoted conditions in which the president could more easily advance the “solution” to the problem: establishment of the Space Force. Specifically, this study identifies five rhetorical themes used to help shape the policy narrative and then codes the content of 132 different declarations and national space directives from administration officials, with 3982 datapoints, over a 20‐year period. The article finds evidence of narrative strategies that promoted US security interests and vilified the actions of China and Russia in the lead‐up to changes in the strategic force posture. It concludes with a discussion of the added value of the NPF model and the need for more in‐depth analysis of inflection points in different space narratives around the world and in multilateral forums for space governance.
Dental care and services of children and young people with cerebral palsy in Australia: A comprehensive survey of oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Lansdown Karen , Bulkeley Kim , McGrath Margaret , Irving Michelle , Zagreanu Claudia , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsTo investigate caregiver‐reported dental care experiences and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsBetween May and August 2023, caregivers of children and young people from three Australian states were invited to complete questionnaires, including the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP‐SF 19).ResultsSixty‐eight caregivers participated in the survey. Most children and young people had spastic CP (69.1%) with unilateral spasticity most common (51.1%). The COHIP‐SF 19 average score was 51.9% ± 12.4, indicating moderate OHRQoL. Gender, communication, oral health daily routine, participation in dental exams and treatment, special arrangements needed to attend the practice, and urgent dental care due to pain or other problem(s) all significantly impacted OHRQoL (p < 0.05).ConclusionOHRQoL of children and young people with CP is moderately impacted, as indicated by the COHIP‐SF 19 scores. To improve OHRQoL in this population group, it is crucial to prioritize key factors such as upskilling dental professionals and creating more inclusive dental environments.
A common measure: Hobbes on the epistemic functions of public reason
Authors: Schmitter Amy M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThomas Hobbes claims that the sovereign of a commonwealth provides a “common measure,” determining what counts as right reason for its subjects. As a form of public reason, this is often taken to be a purely political notion. I maintain that Hobbes holds that the public reason of the sovereign also provides a number of epistemic benefits both to the commonwealth and to individuals. Some are a matter of providing conditions that allow for the social growth of knowledge (particularly what Hobbes calls “science”). But I argue that by considering the mechanics of processes of reckoning, we can see that the public reason of the sovereign serves important epistemic functions in the practical reason even of private individuals.