bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of palaeogenetic techniques to historic mollusc shells reveals phylogeographic structure in a New Zealand abalone
Authors: Walton Kerry , Scarsbrook Lachie , Mitchell Kieren J. , Verry Alexander J. F. , Marshall Bruce A. , Rawlence Nicolas J. , Spencer Hamish G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural history collections worldwide contain a plethora of mollusc shells. Recent studies have detailed the sequencing of DNA extracted from shells up to thousands of years old and from various taphonomic and preservational contexts. However, previous approaches have largely addressed methodological rather than evolutionary research questions. Here, we report the generation of DNA sequence data from mollusc shells using such techniques, applied to Haliotis virginea Gmelin, 1791, a New Zealand abalone, in which morphological variation has led to the recognition of several forms and subspecies. We successfully recovered near‐complete mitogenomes from 22 specimens including 12 dry‐preserved shells up to 60 years old. We used a combination of palaeogenetic techniques that have not previously been applied to shell, including DNA extraction optimized for ultra‐short fragments and hybridization‐capture of single‐stranded DNA libraries. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three major, well‐supported clades comprising samples from: (1) The Three Kings Islands; (2) the Auckland, Chatham and Antipodes Islands; and (3) mainland New Zealand and Campbell Island. This phylogeographic structure does not correspond to the currently recognized forms. Critically, our nonreliance on freshly collected or ethanol‐preserved samples enabled inclusion of topotypes of all recognized subspecies as well as additional difficult‐to‐sample populations. Broader application of these comparatively cost‐effective and reliable methods to modern, historical, archaeological and palaeontological shell samples has the potential to revolutionize invertebrate genetic research.
Climatic and biotic influences on the distributions of Calliphora augur and Calliphora dubia (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Johnson Aidan P , Ryan Calen P , Wallman James F 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalliphora augur (Fabricius) and Calliphora dubia (Macquart) are two widespread and endemic Australian blowflies of applied importance. In order to better understand the biology of these species, this study used historical, field and laboratory data to determine and interpret their distributions. Locality records from insect collections and the literature were used to determine the known distributions of each species. The resultant maps were partially verified with field trapping data for each species. Calliphora augur was found to dominate in the east of Australia, while C. dubia dominates in the west. Comparative laboratory and field experiments were also used to derive parameters defining the distributions of these two closely related species, particularly in relation to temperature and moisture. Calliphora dubia had a greater tolerance for dry stress and high temperatures than C. augur, although maggots of both species displayed similar developmental temperature preferences. No difference was seen between species in the impact of low temperatures on the development of maggots through to the pupal stage. The greater ability of C. dubia to tolerate adverse environmental conditions is most likely linked to the shared evolutionary history of both species, in which increased aridity in central Australia is proposed to have triggered speciation by separating ancestral populations: C. dubia evolved in the hot, dry conditions in the west of Australia, while C. augur evolved in the cooler, moist environment of the east. Improved understanding of the influences on the distributions of these common Australian blowflies will assist in the further study of their application to agriculture and forensic science.
Prediction of successful veno‐venous extracorporeal life support liberation using the oxygen challenge test
Authors: Misselbrook Gary P. , Kanji Hussein , Thiara Sonny , Ronco Juan J. , Kalan Simmie , Chen Leo , Sidhu Amandeep 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe oxygen challenge test (OCT) is an underutilized measure of lung recovery, easily performed prior to proceeding with a trial‐off V‐V ECLS as part of a weaning algorithm. Evidence‐based thresholds for OCT results which support continuing with V‐V ECLS weaning are lacking, making interpretation of these tests challenging in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients commenced on V‐V ECLS as a bridge‐to‐recovery at Vancouver General Hospital from 2015–2019. The absolute PaO2 post‐OCT and change in PaO2 proportional to incremental FiO2 change on the ventilator (∆PaO2) were evaluated as predictive screening metrics for identifying conditions favorable for successful trial‐off of V‐V ECLS.ResultsAn optimal cut‐off of PaO2 ≥ 240 mm Hg post‐OCT (AUC 0.77) and ∆PaO2 ≥ 250 mm Hg (AUC 0.76) was identified as a threshold for predicting successful trials‐off. A total of 26 and 24 patients achieved post‐OCT PaO2 and ∆PaO2 thresholds, and 100% of these patients were liberated successfully from ECLS during their admission.ConclusionsThe OCT can serve as an effective screen of shunt reduction and native lung recovery which can be used alongside other measures of ventilation to assess for suitability of liberation from V‐V ECLS prior to a trial‐off. Achieving a PaO2 ≥ 240 mm Hg post‐OCT is a strong prognostic indicator for successful liberation from V‐V ECLS during ICU admission.
Cardiorespiratory alterations following intermittent photostimulation of RVLM C1 neurons: Implications for long‐term blood pressure, breathing and sleep regulation in freely moving rats
Authors: Toledo Camilo , Andrade David C. , Diaz‐Jara Esteban , Ortolani Domiziana , Bernal‐Santander Ignacio , Schwarz Karla G. , Ortiz Fernando C. , Marcus Noah J. , Oliveira Luiz M. , Takakura Ana C. , Moreira Thiago S. , Del Rio Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimSympathoexcitation and sleep‐disordered breathing are common contributors for disease progression. Catecholaminergic neurons from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM‐C1) modulate sympathetic outflow and have anatomical projections to respiratory neurons; however, the contribution of highly selective activation of RVLM‐C1 neurons on long‐term autonomic and breathing (dys)regulation remains to be understood.MethodsTo explore this relationship, a lentiviral vector carrying the light‐sensitive cation channel channelrhodopsin‐2 (LVV‐PRSX8‐ChR2‐YFP) was unilaterally injected into the RVLM of healthy rats. On the contralateral side, LVV‐PRSX8‐ChR2‐YFP was co‐injected with a specific immunotoxin (DβH‐SAP) targeted to eliminate C1 neurons.ResultsIntermittent photostimulation of RVLM‐C1 in vivo, in unrestrained freely moving rats, elicited long‐term facilitation of the sympathetic drive, a rise in blood pressure and sympatho‐respiratory coupling. In addition, photoactivation of RVLM‐C1 induced long‐lasting ventilatory instability, characterized by oscillations in tidal volume and increased breathing variability, but only during non‐rapid eye movement sleep. These effects were not observed when photostimulation of the RVLM was performed in the presence of DβH‐SAP toxin.ConclusionsThe finding that intermittent activation of RVLM‐C1 neurons induces autonomic and breathing dysfunction suggest that episodic stimulation of RVLM‐C1 may serve as a pathological substrate for the long‐term development of cardiorespiratory disorders.
Quality of end‐of‐life care in multiple myeloma: A 13‐year analysis of a population‐based cohort in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Gayowsky Anastasia , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Seow Hsien , Mian Hira 
Published: August 2022

SummaryOptimizing end‐of‐life (EOL) care for multiple myeloma (MM) represents an unmet need. An administrative cohort in Ontario, Canada was analysed between 2006 and 2018. Aggressive care was defined as two or more emergency‐department visits in the last 30 days before death, or at least two new hospitalizations within 30 days of death, or an intensive care unit (ICU) admission within the last 30 days of life. Supportive care was defined as a physician house‐call in the last two weeks before death, or a palliative nursing or personal support visit at home in the last 30 days before death. Among 5095 patients, 23.2% of patients received chemotherapy at EOL and 55.6% of patients died as inpatient. A minority received aggressive care at EOL [28.3%: autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), 20.4%: non‐ASCT], and a majority received supportive care at EOL (65.4%: ASCT, 61.5%: non‐ASCT). Supportive care was less likely to be received by those aged over 80 years and in lower‐income neighbourhoods. Supportive care at EOL increased from 56.0% in 2006 to 70.3% in 2018. Despite improvements, many patients with MM experience aggressive care at EOL. Even in a publicly funded health care system, disparities based on age, income and community size are present.
The decline of paid overtime working in Britain
Authors: Bell David N. F. , Hart Robert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe share of paid‐for overtime hours within total paid‐for hours worked in Britain has declined from 5.4% to 2.0% between 1997 and 2020. We investigate this decline, focussing on its distribution across full‐time (f/t) and part‐time males and females and across 19 one‐digit industries. It is established that f/t males are dominant in the decline both of overtime working and overtime hours. We explore the implications of the decline on the share of overtime pay within total pay as well as on the gender pay gap. We test for economic, structural and cyclical influences on overtime working via a two‐part regression model that allows us to differentiate between the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours of overtime employees. We examine how paid‐for overtime has varied with collective bargaining coverage, low pay, the 2008 financial crisis, the arrival of Covid‐19, job mobility and the public/private sector dichotomy. Combined marginal effects of changes in the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours are also provided. The influence of the decline of collective bargaining in the last two decades on overtime working is highlighted using Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions.
Alternating time spent on social interactions and solitude in healthy older adults
Authors: Luo Minxia , Pauly Theresa , Röcke Christina , Hülür Gizem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTime spent on being with others (social interactions) and being alone (solitude) in day to day life might reflect older adults' agentic regulatory strategies to balance the needs to belong and to conserve energy. Motivated from a joint lifespan psychological and social relationship theoretical perspective, this study examined how time spent on social interactions and solitude alternatively unfolds within individuals in daily life, relating to individual differences in trait‐level well‐being and fatigue. Over 21 days, a total of 11,172 valid records of social interactions were collected from 118 older adults (aged 65–94 years) in a smartphone‐based event‐contingent ambulatory assessment study in Switzerland. On average, a social interaction episode lasted 39 min and a solitude episode lasted 5.03 hr. Multilevel models showed that, at the within‐person level, a longer‐than‐usual social interaction preceded and was followed by a longer‐than‐usual solitude episode. Moderator analyses showed that older adults with higher trait life satisfaction and lower trait fatigue spent even more time in social interactions after longer solitude episodes, amplifying the solitude‐then‐interaction association. Our findings suggest that whereas social interaction is a means to improve well‐being, solitude is also an integral part in older adults' daily life supporting energy recovery.
Review: Young people's recovery processes from mental health problems – a scoping review
Authors: Moberg Jennie , Skogens Lisa , Schön Ulla‐Karin 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRecovery from mental illness and mental health problems is relatively well‐researched among adults, but evidence that focuses on the recovery experiences of young people and what characterizes it is scarce. With this in mind, this article aims to map out the existing research in order to identify prevailing knowledge about the recovery of young people between the ages of 12 and 25.MethodDrawing on scoping review methodology, this article is based on an analysis of 33 articles conducted in the USA, Australia, and Europe.ResultsOur findings reveal that young people express both similar and divergent lines of reasoning about recovery compared with adults. Our findings also indicate that young people often fluctuate in the way they view recovery, and that they thus tend to be ambivalent about what recovery means. Parents usually highlight the importance of professionals facilitating recovery, while care staff problematize the organizational frameworks available as aggravating circumstances for implementing personal recovery. Young people, parents, and care staff consistently describe recovery as a way to, despite lingering problems, enable a satisfying life.ConclusionsThrough this review, we outline the need for a more distinct focus on agency and participation in young people's recovery processes, at the same time as family involvement needs to be further investigated and operationalized.
Urban Rhapsody: Large‐scale exploration of urban soundscapes
Authors: Rulff Joao , Miranda Fabio , Hosseini Maryam , Lage Marcos , Cartwright Mark , Dove Graham , Bello Juan , Silva Claudio T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNoise is one of the primary quality‐of‐life issues in urban environments. In addition to annoyance, noise negatively impacts public health and educational performance. While low‐cost sensors can be deployed to monitor ambient noise levels at high temporal resolutions, the amount of data they produce and the complexity of these data pose significant analytical challenges. One way to address these challenges is through machine listening techniques, which are used to extract features in attempts to classify the source of noise and understand temporal patterns of a city's noise situation. However, the overwhelming number of noise sources in the urban environment and the scarcity of labeled data makes it nearly impossible to create classification models with large enough vocabularies that capture the true dynamism of urban soundscapes. In this paper, we first identify a set of requirements in the yet unexplored domain of urban soundscape exploration. To satisfy the requirements and tackle the identified challenges, we propose Urban Rhapsody, a framework that combines state‐of‐the‐art audio representation, machine learning and visual analytics to allow users to interactively create classification models, understand noise patterns of a city, and quickly retrieve and label audio excerpts in order to create a large high‐precision annotated database of urban sound recordings. We demonstrate the tool's utility through case studies performed by domain experts using data generated over the five‐year deployment of a one‐of‐a‐kind sensor network in New York City.
Level of Detail Exploration of Electronic Transition Ensembles using Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Thygesen Signe Sidwall , Masood Talha Bin , Linares Mathieu , Natarajan Vijay , Hotz Ingrid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a pipeline for the interactive visual analysis and exploration of molecular electronic transition ensembles. Each ensemble member is specified by a molecular configuration, the charge transfer between two molecular states, and a set of physical properties. The pipeline is targeted towards theoretical chemists, supporting them in comparing and characterizing electronic transitions by combining automatic and interactive visual analysis. A quantitative feature vector characterizing the electron charge transfer serves as the basis for hierarchical clustering as well as for the visual representations. The interface for the visual exploration consists of four components. A dendrogram provides an overview of the ensemble. It is augmented with a level of detail glyph for each cluster. A scatterplot using dimensionality reduction provides a second visualization, highlighting ensemble outliers. Parallel coordinates show the correlation with physical parameters. A spatial representation of selected ensemble members supports an in‐depth inspection of transitions in a form that is familiar to chemists. All views are linked and can be used to filter and select ensemble members. The usefulness of the pipeline is shown in three different case studies.
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, mental health and treatment need in the United States during COVID‐19
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , Guerrero Erick G. , Martin Tammy K. K. , Okamoto Scott K. , Aitaoto Nia , Moss Howard B. , Morey Brittany N. , Wu Li‐Tzy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionBefore COVID‐19, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI) endured a heavy burden of alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) use in prior US data. Responding to reports that many NH/PI communities experienced severe COVID‐19 disparities that could exacerbate their ATOD burden, we partnered with NH/PI communities to assess the substance use patterns and treatment needs of diverse NH/PIs during COVID‐19.MethodsCollaborating with NH/PI community organisations across five states with large NH/PI populations, we conducted a large‐scale investigation of NH/PI ATOD use, mental health and treatment need during COVID‐19. Between April and November 2021, NH/PI‐heritage research staff from our community partners collected data involving 306 NH/PI adults using several community‐based recruitment methods (e‐mail, telephone, in‐person) and two survey approaches: online and paper‐and‐pencil. Multivariate regressions were conducted to examine potential predictors of NH/PI alcohol use disorder and need for behavioural health treatment.ResultsDuring COVID‐19, 47% and 22% of NH/PI adults reported current alcohol and cigarette use, while 35% reported lifetime illicit substance use (e.g., cannabis, opioid). Depression and anxiety were high, and alcohol use disorder, major depression and generalised anxiety disorder prevalence were 27%, 27% and 19%, respectively. One‐third of participants reported past‐year treatment need with lifetime illicit substance use, COVID‐19 distress and major depression respectively associating with 3.0, 1.2, and 5.3 times greater adjusted odds for needing treatment.ConclusionsNH/PI adults reported heavy ATOD use, depression, anxiety and treatment need during COVID‐19. Targeted research and treatment services may be warranted to mitigate COVID‐19's negative behavioural health impact on NH/PI communities.
Meta‐analysis of elevational changes in the intensity of trophic interactions: Similarities and dissimilarities with latitudinal patterns
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe premise that the intensity of biotic interactions decreases with increasing latitudes and elevations is broadly accepted; however, whether these geographical patterns can be explained within a common theoretical framework remains unclear. Our goal was to identify the general pattern of elevational changes in trophic interactions and to explore the sources of variation among the outcomes of individual studies. Meta‐analysis of 226 effect sizes calculated from 134 publications demonstrated a significant but interaction‐specific decrease in the intensity of herbivory, carnivory and parasitism with increasing elevation. Nevertheless, this decrease was not significant at high latitudes and for interactions involving endothermic organisms, for herbivore outbreaks or for herbivores living within plant tissues. Herbivory similarly declined with increases in latitude and elevation, whereas carnivory showed a fivefold stronger decrease with elevation than with latitude and parasitism increased with latitude but decreased with elevation. Thus, although these gradients share a general pattern and several sources of variation in trophic interaction intensity, we discovered important dissimilarities, indicating that elevational and latitudinal changes in these interactions are partly driven by different factors. We conclude that the scope of the latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis cannot be extended to incorporate elevational gradients.
Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late‐onset and early‐onset posterior cortical atrophy
Authors: Isella Valeria , Licciardo Daniele , Nastasi Giulia , Impagnatiello Valentina , Ferri Francesca , Mapelli Cristina , Crivellaro Cinzia , Musarra Monica , Morzenti Sabrina , Appollonio Ildebrando , Ferrarese Carlo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeLate‐onset (LO) and early‐onset (EO) dementia show neurobiological and clinical differences. Clinical and 18fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) features of LO and EO posterior cortical atrophy (LO_PCA, EO_PCA), the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were compared. LO_PCA patients were also compared with a group of patients with LO typical AD (tAD).MethodsThirty‐seven LO_PCA patients (onset age ≥ 65 years), 29 EO_PCA patients and 40 tAD patients who all underwent a standard neuropsychological battery were recruited; PCA patients were also assessed for the presence of posterior signs and symptoms. Brain FDG‐PET was available in 32 LO_PCA cases, 23 EO_PCA cases and all tAD cases, and their scans were compared with scans from 30 healthy elderly controls. Within the entire PCA sample FDG uptake was also correlated with age at onset as a continuous variable.ResultsThe main difference between the two PCA groups was a higher prevalence of Bálint–Holmes symptoms in EO cases, which was associated with the presence of severe bilateral occipito‐temporo‐parietal hypometabolism, whilst LO_PCA patients showed reduction of FDG uptake mainly in the right posterior regions. The latter group also showed mesial temporal hypometabolism, similarly to the tAD group, although with a right rather than left lateralization. Correlation analysis confirmed the association between older age and decreased limbic metabolism and between younger age and decreased left parietal metabolism.ConclusionsThe major involvement of the temporal cortex in LO cases and of the parietal cortex in EO cases reported previously within the AD spectrum holds true also for the visual variant of AD.