bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can you hear me? Analysis of a Queensland patient‐initiated escalation process and the importance of communication in surgical care
Authors: Flynn David E. , Flynn Hannah , Gifford Shaune , Smith Kate 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRyan's Rule is a three‐step escalation process established by Queensland Health whereby patients, their families and carers can escalate concerns if a patient's health is worsening or not improving as expected. This study analysed the incidence, causes and outcomes of Ryan's Rule cases involving patients admitted under various surgical specialties across Queensland.MethodsA retrospective analysis was undertaken of cases wherein Ryan's Rule was invoked by surgical patients between 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on rationale for invoking Ryan's Rule, clinical actions undertaken, outcomes and patient feedback.ResultsThe study analysed 364 activations of Ryan's Rule among surgical patients admitted across ten Queensland Health hospitals. The common causes for invoking Ryan's Rule were concern or disagreement regarding the management plan (39%), poor understanding of the care plan (32%) and feeling that concerns were not being heard (35%). Less than 1 % of cases (0.8%) met early warning criteria for deterioration, and only 0.5% required admission to ICU. The majority of Ryan's Rule cases (92%) were resolved through discussion between the treating surgical team, the patient and their representatives. In 74% of cases, the management plan did not change following the Ryan's Rule review.ConclusionCommunication is the overwhelming theme throughout the Ryan's Rule cases invoked by surgical patients. The majority of Ryan's Rules cases were initiated by issues in communication and understanding between clinicians and patients. The vast majority of cases were resolved by surgical teams establishing and maintaining clear communication with patients, their families and carers.
Dahuang Fuzi Baijiang decoction restricts progenitor to terminally exhausted T cell differentiation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Yihua , Wang Hao , Wang Tao , Chen Chunhui , Sun Ruibo , Yao Wanyu , Ma Ye , Zhang Qingyuan , Wu Liyi , Zeng Shanmei , Sun Xuegang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by 30%. The obese tumor microenvironment compromises antitumor immunity by eliciting exhausted T cells (Tex). Hypothesizing that Dahuang Fuzi Baijiang decoction (DFB) is a combined classical prescription from the “Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber”. We first determined that DFB regresses tumor growth in high‐fat diet–induced obese mice by expanding the TIM3− subset with intermediate expression of programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1intTIM3−) and restricting the PD‐1hiTIM3+ subset. Transcription factor 1 (TCF1) is highly expressed in the PD‐1intTIM3− subset but is absent in PD‐1hiTIM3+ cells. We next confirmed that progenitor PD‐1intTCF+ cells robustly produce tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) and interferon‐γ, whereas terminally differentiated PD‐1intTCF+ cells have defects in generating TNFα. With transgenic ob/ob mice, we found that DFB produces cooperative efficacy with anti‐PD‐1 (αPD‐1) by limiting the PD‐1hiTim3+ subset and amplifying the PD‐1intTCF+ population. Finally, we defined the recombinant chemokine C‐C‐motif receptor 2 (CCR2)+CD8+ subset as terminal Tex and identified that the differentiation from progenitor to terminal Tex is driven, at least in part, by the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)/CCR2 axis. The CCR2 inhibitor enhances the response to αPD‐1 by promoting the counts of progenitor Tex. Altogether, DFB dampens CCL2 and preserves progenitor Tex in the obese microenvironment to restrain CRC progression. These findings provide unambiguous evidence that the traditional Chinese formula DFB can prevent tumor progression by modulating adaptive immunity and establish a strong rationale for further clinical verification.
Development and validation of an RNA sequencing panel for gene fusions in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Hu Wanming , Yuan Li , Zhang Xinke , Ni Yang , Hong Dongchun , Wang Zhicai , Li Xiaomin , Ling Yuan , Zhang Chao , Deng Wanglong , Tian Minqi , Ding Ran , Song Chao , Li Jianmin , Zhang Xing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene fusions are one of the most common genomic alterations in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), which contain more than 70 subtypes. In this study, a custom‐designed RNA sequencing panel including 67 genes was developed and validated to identify gene fusions in STS. In total, 92 STS samples were analyzed using the RNA panel and 95.7% (88/92) successfully passed all the quality control parameters. Fusion transcripts were detected in 60.2% (53/88) of samples, including three novel fusions (MEG3–PLAG1, SH3BP1–NTRK1, and RPSAP52–HMGA2). The panel demonstrated excellent analytic accuracy, with 93.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The intra‐assay, inter‐assay, and personnel consistencies were all 100.0% in four samples and three replicates. In addition, different variants of ESWR1–FLI, COL1A1–PDGFB, NAB2–STAT6, and SS18–SSX were also identified in the corresponding subtypes of STS. In combination with histological and molecular diagnosis, 14.8% (13/88) patients finally changed preliminary histology‐based classification. Collectively, this RNA panel developed in our study shows excellent performance on RNA from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples and can complement DNA‐based assay, thereby facilitating precise diagnosis and novel fusion detection.
New ERAS in liver transplantation – Past, present, and next steps
Authors: Hannon Vivienne N. , Tinguely Pascale , McKenna Greg J. , Brustia Raffaele , Kaldas Fady M. , Scatton Olivier , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Busuttil Ronald W. , Klintmalm Goran B. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are parallels between the history of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) and liver transplantation. Both have been established and advanced by innovative individuals, often going against perceived wisdom and convention. Liver transplantation has traditionally been considered too complex for ERAS pathways, despite a small number of trials showing them to be both safe and of benefit. To date, there are very few randomized controlled trials and cohort studies publishing outcomes on liver transplant patients enrolled in comprehensive ERAS pathways. To progress our field, the 2022 International Liver Transplantation Society's Consensus Conference has created expert panels to analyze the evidence in 32 domains of the liver transplantation pathway using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to generate expert recommendations. These recommendations will be voted on by the international community to gain consensus using the Danish model, and create the ERAS4OLT.org Enhanced Recovery after Liver Transplantation Pathway.
Does prolonged cold ischemia affect outcomes in donation after cardiac death donor kidney transplants?
Authors: Harriman David I. , Kazakov Herman , Rogers Jeffrey , Farney Alan C. , Orlando Giuseppe , Jay Colleen , Reeves‐Daniel Amber , Stratta Robert J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the combined effect of cold ischemia time (CIT) and donation after cardiac death (DCD, with requisite warm ischemia time, WIT) on kidney transplant (KT) outcomes.MethodsSingle center retrospective review of DCD KT recipients stratified by CIT.ResultsFrom 6/08 to 10/20, we performed 446 DCD KTs (115 CIT ≤20, 205 CIT 20–30, 88 CIT 30–40, 38 CIT ≥40 h). Mean WITs (26/25/27/23 min) and KDPI values (59%/55%/55%/59%) were similar while mean CITs (16.4/23.6/33.4/42.5 h) and pump times (10.3/13.6/16.1/20.4 h) differed across groups (P < .05). With a mean 6‐year follow‐up, patient survival (84%/84%/74%/84%) was similar. Kidney graft survival (GS) (72%/72%/56%/58%) and death censored GS (DCGS) (82%/80%/63%/67%) rates decreased whereas rates of primary nonfunction (PNF, .9%/2.4%/9.1%/7.9%) and delayed graft function (DGF) (36%/48%/50%/69%) increased with longer CIT (≥30 h, P < .05). Meaningful years free of dialysis, which we refer to as Allograft Life Years, were achieved in all cohorts (4.5/4.3/3.9/4.3 years per patient transplanted).ConclusionDCD donor kidneys with prolonged CIT (≥30 h) are associated with increased rates of DGF and PNF, along with decreased GS and DCGS. Despite this, Allograft Life Years were gained even with longer CITs, demonstrating the utility of using these allografts.
Brazil's Bolsa Família Programme: Aspirations and Realities of Poverty Reduction and Intergenerational Change
Authors: Jones Hayley 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis article considers the transformative potential of conditional cash transfers to address intergenerational poverty. Drawing on empirical evidence collected through qualitative research in the northeast of Brazil, it traces notions of intergenerational change and continuity amongst young recipients of the Bolsa Família programme (BFP) and their families. It argues that the BFP has contributed to raising expectations and aspirations of social mobility, through a policy narrative that explicitly links education to poverty reduction alongside some relatively limited but nonetheless significant intergenerational changes in material conditions and access to education. However, rising aspirations have not been matched by a concomitant expansion of opportunities available to poor young people in education and the labour market. The article thus highlights the contradictions that arise between policy narratives, the aspirations these narratives engender, and the realities of young people's everyday lives.
Application of local configuration pattern for automated detection of schizophrenia with electroencephalogram signals
Authors: WeiKoh Joel En , Rajinikanth Venkatesan , Vicnesh Jahmunah , Pham The‐Hanh , Oh Shu Lih , Yeong Chai Hong , Sankaranarayanan Meena , Kamath Aditya , Bairy Giliyar Muralidhar , Barua Prabal Datta , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, a mix of traditional and modern approaches have been proposed to detect brain abnormalities using bio‐signal/bio‐image‐assisted methods. In hospitals, most of the initial/scheduled assessments consider the bio‐signal‐based appraisal, due to its non‐invasive nature and low cost. Further, brain bio‐signal scans can be recorded using a single/multi‐channel electrode setup, which is further evaluated by an experienced doctor, as well as computer software, to identify the nature and severity of abnormality. In this paper, we describe the development of a system for computer supported detection (CSD) of schizophrenia using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal collected with a 19‐channel electrode array. Schizophrenia is a mental illness that interferes with the way an individual thinks and behaves. It is characterised by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions, negative symptoms such as decreased motivation or a lack of interest in daily activities and cognitive symptoms such challenges in processing information to make informed decisions or staying focused. This research has utilized 1142 EEGs (516 normal and 626 schizophrenia) with a frame length of 25 s (6250 samples) for investigation. The work initially converts the EEG signals to images using a spectrogram. Local configuration pattern features were extracted from the images thereafter, and 10‐fold validation technique was used wherein Student's t‐test and z‐score standardization were computed per fold. The highest accuracy of 97.20% was achieved with the K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. The results obtained confirm that the KNN classifier is helpful in the rapid detection of schizophrenia. This work is one of the first studies to extract local configuration pattern features from spectrogram images, yielding a high accuracy of 97.20%, with reduced computational complexity.
Temperature optimum for marsh resilience and carbon accumulation revealed in a whole‐ecosystem warming experiment
Authors: Smith Alexander J. , Noyce Genevieve L. , Megonigal James Patrick , Guntenspergen Glenn R. , Kirwan Matthew L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoastal marshes are globally important, carbon dense ecosystems simultaneously maintained and threatened by sea‐level rise. Warming temperatures may increase wetland plant productivity and organic matter accumulation, but temperature‐modulated feedbacks between productivity and decomposition make it difficult to assess how wetlands and their thick, organic‐rich soils will respond to climate warming. Here, we actively increased aboveground plant‐surface and belowground soil temperatures in two marsh plant communities, and found that a moderate amount of warming (1.7°C above ambient temperatures) consistently maximized root growth, marsh elevation gain, and belowground carbon accumulation. Marsh elevation loss observed at higher temperatures was associated with increased carbon mineralization and increased microtopographic heterogeneity, a potential early warning signal of marsh drowning. Maximized elevation and belowground carbon accumulation for moderate warming scenarios uniquely suggest linkages between metabolic theory of individuals and landscape‐scale ecosystem resilience and function, but our work indicates nonpermanent benefits as global temperatures continue to rise.
Mapping of the regions implicated in nuclear localization of multi‐functional DNA repair endonuclease XPF‐ERCC1
Authors: Akahori Ryo , Takamori Chie , Wakasugi Mitsuo , Matsunaga Tsukasa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structure‐specific endonuclease XPF‐ERCC1 is a multi‐functional heterodimer that participates in a variety of DNA repair mechanisms for maintaining genome integrity. Both subunits contain C‐terminal tandem helix–hairpin–helix (HhH2) domains, which are necessary for not only their dimerization but also enzymatic activity as well as protein stability. However, the interdependency of both subunits in their nuclear localization remains poorly understood. In this study, we have analyzed the region(s) that affects the subcellular localization of XPF and ERCC1 using various deletion mutants. We first identified the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in XPF, which was essential for its nuclear localization under the ERCC1‐free condition, but dispensable in the presence of ERCC1 (probably as XPF‐ERCC1 heterodimer). Interestingly, in the NLS‐independent and ERCC1‐dependent XPF nuclear localization, the physical interaction between XPF and ERCC1 via C‐terminal HhH2 domains was not needed. Instead, the amino acid regions 311–469 of XPF and 216–260 of ERCC1 are required for the nuclear localization. Furthermore, we found that the 311–469 region of XPF interacts with ERCC1 in a co‐immunoprecipitation assay. These results suggest that the nuclear localization of XPF‐ERCC1 heterodimer is regulated at multiple levels in an interdependent manner.
Antifungal effect of o‐vanillin on mitochondria of Aspergillus flavus: ultrastructure and TCA cycle are destroyed
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Ying , Zhu Xiaoman , Xie Yanli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is a conditioned pathogen that severely endangers food safety. This study is aimed to determine the mode of action of o‐vanillin against A. flavus mitochondria. First, o‐vanillin hindered respiration. Furthermore, the mitochondrial ultrastructures were damaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterisation. The activities of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle‐related enzymes were regulated significantly (P < 0.05), and the most significant reduction and promotion was citrate synthase (CS) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH), respectively, at 100 μg mL−1 of o‐vanillin. Consistent with the above phenotypic results, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (QRT‐PCR) results showed that the relative expressions of genes encoding the TCA‐related enzymes were regulated remarkably (P < 0.05), especially for CIT1 gene (downregulated) and MDH gene (upregulated). This study demonstrated the damage of o‐vanillin on mitochondria and shed light on the antifungal mechanism of o‐vanillin against A. flavus.
Advances in radio frequency pasteurisation equipment for liquid foods: a review
Authors: Soto‐Reyes Nohemí , Sosa‐Morales María Elena , Rojas‐Laguna Roberto , López‐Malo Aurelio 
Published: March 2022

SummaryRadiofrequency (RF) heating is an alternative emerging technology to conventional thermal methods; it has been employed for food pasteurisation, providing fast and volumetric heating. However, non‐uniformity in the heating pattern has been reported. RF pasteurisation has been studied in different liquid foods. This review provides information about the RF heating mechanism and equipment used to pasteurise liquid food to control deteriorative or pathogen micro‐organisms and the effect of the RF treatment on the quality of liquid foods. Developing an effective RF pasteurisation for liquid foods requires knowing the food dielectric properties, which determine the heating uniformity, temperature distribution and heating rate. The efficiency of continuous RF heating systems could depend on the fluid rate, resident time and absorbed power. RF heating can pasteurise liquid food, decrease microbial population and preserve the product's nutritional and physicochemical quality.
Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE as a functional and medical food ingredient: assessment of in vitro protein digestibility and food calorie reduction
Authors: Maity Chiranjit , Bagkar Pratik , Dixit Yogini , Tiwari Amit 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAlkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE [MCC 0538] showed significant viability during processing and storage of various functional and medicinal food matrices such as hot and cold nonalcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, confectionery and oils. The spore preparation was stable in aqueous suspension (99.355%–99.656%), under acidic conditions (92.067%–99.514%), bile (99.227%–99.791%) and tolerated high temperatures. A. clausii 088AE reduced dietary calories both independently and in multispecies consortium in in vitro. A. clausii 088AE digested dietary protein present in both casein protein (84.307%) and infant formula feed (89.069%) in the postgastric intestinal phase (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, A. clausii 088AE spore preparation remained stable in the preparation and storage of functional and medical foods. A. clausii 088AE can be recommended as an ingredient in functional and medicinal foods that may improve protein digestion and energy metabolism and bring related health benefits.
Exploring the role of self‐awareness in coach development: A grounded theory study
Authors: Carden Julia , Passmore Jonathan , Jones Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWorkplace coaching is a rapidly growing industry, and while there has been some research carried out to explore the effectiveness of coaching and to evaluate coaching outcomes, there has been very little research to underpin coach development and how coaches best develop coaching competence for workplace coaching. Self‐awareness is perceived by many, including the professional coaching bodies, to be a core‐competency for practising coaches. However, there is a lack of research evidence to underpin this perception and therefore this study, using an inductive grounded theory approach, explores the linkages between self‐awareness and coach development. It finishes by presenting a conceptual framework to identify the linkages between self‐awareness and coach development. The paper aims to make a theoretical contribution to the literature supporting workplace coaching and in particular coach development, by developing theoretical principles to underpin those providing coach development. The findings indicate that self‐awareness is an important competency for coaches to develop as it provides the backbone to developing deep and meaningful connections both for the coach in terms of self‐acceptance and confidence, and for the client in terms of the depth of the relationship, thereby creating an environment in which challenging work can be carried out.
Genetic colour variation visible for predators and conspecifics is concealed from humans in a polymorphic moth
Authors: Nokelainen Ossi , Galarza Juan A. , Kirvesoja Jimi , Suisto Kaisa , Mappes Johanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe definition of colour polymorphism is intuitive: genetic variants express discretely coloured phenotypes. This classification is, however, elusive as humans form subjective categories or ignore differences that cannot be seen by human eyes. We demonstrate an example of a ‘cryptic morph’ in a polymorphic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis), a phenomenon that may be common among well‐studied species. We used pedigree data from nearly 20,000 individuals to infer the inheritance of hindwing colouration. The evidence supports a single Mendelian locus with two alleles in males: WW and Wy produce the white and yy the yellow hindwing colour. The inheritance could not be resolved in females as their hindwing colour varies continuously with no clear link with male genotypes. Next, we investigated if the male genotype can be predicted from their phenotype by machine learning algorithms and by human observers. Linear discriminant analysis grouped male genotypes with 97% accuracy, whereas humans could only group the yy genotype. Using vision modelling, we also tested whether the genotypes have differential discriminability to humans, moth conspecifics and their bird predators. The human perception was poor separating the genotypes, but avian and moth vision models with ultraviolet sensitivity could separate white WW and Wy males. We emphasize the importance of objective methodology when studying colour polymorphism. Our findings indicate that by‐eye categorization methods may be problematic, because humans fail to see differences that can be visible for relevant receivers. Ultimately, receivers equipped with different perception than ours may impose selection to morphs hidden from human sight.
COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown—Is it affecting our skin hygiene and cosmetic practice?
Authors: Bakhati Deepa , Agrawal Sudha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrders such as self‐isolation, quarantine, social distancing, and lockdown implemented as a protective measure against COVID‐19 has allowed people to devote their excess leisure time to their appearance, cosmetics, and hygiene.ObjectiveTo assess the skin care routine regarding hygiene and cosmetic practices among female users of social media during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodA cross‐sectional study was done among 300 female social media users using purposive sampling. A self‐administered questionnaire that included questions related to hygiene practices such as hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, bathing, hair washing, and use of certain cosmetics before and during the pandemic was used to collect all relevant data.ResultHandwashing after returning home and shaking hands with others increased during the pandemic as compared with prior practices. The frequency of using a hand sanitizer had also increased during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of the hair removal and visits to beauty salons during the pandemic. Cosmetics were used less, although face creams and lip balm were used more. Even though most of our respondents thought pandemic practices were convenient to use, more than half of them said they wished to go back to their pre‐pandemic routines once the pandemic was over.ConclusionThe study revealed an increase in washing behavior, use of facial cream, and lip balms. Moreover, a decrease in using make‐up cosmetics, hair removal, and beauty salon visits during the pandemic.