bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 on organ donation and transplantation in the UK: lessons learned from the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Plummer N. R. , Alcock H. , Madden S. , Brander J. , Manara A. , Harvey D. J. , Gardiner D. C. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a major impact on UK deceased organ donation and transplantation activity. We used national audit data from NHS Blood and Transplant to explore in detail the effects of the pandemic in comparison with 12 months pre‐pandemic, and to consider the impact of the mitigating strategies and challenges placed on ICU by ‘waves’ of patients with COVID‐19. Between 11 March 2020 and 10 March 2021, referrals to NHS Blood and Transplant of potential organ donors were initially inversely related to the number of people with COVID‐19 undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care (incident rate ratio (95%CI) per 1000 patients 0.93 (0.88–0.99), p = 0.018), although this pattern reversed during the second wave (additional incident rate ratio (95%CI) 1.12 (1.05–1.19), p < 0.001). Adjusted numbers of donors (incident rate ratio (95%CI) 0.71 (0.61–0.81), p < 0.001) and organs retrieved (incident rate ratio (95%CI) 0.89 (0.82–0.97), p = 0.007) were inversely dependent on COVID‐19 workload, though weekly numbers of transplants were unrelated (incident rate ratio (95%CI) 0.95 (0.86–1.04), p = 0.235). Non‐COVID‐19 mortality fell from 15,007 to 14,087 during the first wave (rate ratio (95%CI) 0.94 (0.92–0.96), p < 0.001) but climbed from 18,907 to 19,372 during the second wave (rate ratio (95%CI) 1.02 (1.00–1.05), p = 0.018). There were fewer in‐hospital deaths from cardiac arrest and intracranial catastrophes throughout (rate ratio (95%CI) 0.83 (0.81–0.86), p < 0.001 and rate ratio (95%CI) 0.88 (0.85–0.91), p < 0.001, respectively). There were overall fewer eligible donors (n = 4282) when compared with pre‐pandemic levels (n = 6038); OR (95%CI) 0.58 (0.51–0.66), p < 0.001. The total number of donations during the year fell from 1620 to 1140 (rate ratio (95%CI) 0.70 (0.65–0.76), p < 0.001), but the proportion of eligible donors who proceeded to donation (27%) was unchanged (OR (95%CI) 0.99 (0.91–1.08), p = 0.821). The reduction in donations and transplantation during the pandemic was multifactorial, but these data highlight the impact in the UK of a fall in eligible donors and an inverse relationship of referrals to COVID‐19 workload. Despite the challenges faced, the foundations underpinning the UK deceased organ donation programme remained strong.
The chance of spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation is high and continues to increase until 5 years of follow‐up
Authors: Nielsen Mette Rønn , Aldenryd Anna Elisabet , Hagstrøm Søren , Pedersen Lia Mendes , Brix Ninna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe primary aim was to estimate premature infants' spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure rate. Secondly, to identify criteria associated with the chance of spontaneous closure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 167 infants born before 32 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017. The spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure event rate was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsThe spontaneous closure rate within the first year of life was 66% (95% CI 58%–73%), increasing to 80% (95% CI 72%–86%) five years after birth. When including both spontaneous closure and closure following treatment, 96% (95% CI 86%–100%) closed within 5 years after birth. The chance of spontaneous closure was reduced in the case of a large patent ductus arteriosus: OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.05–0.52), left atrial enlargement: OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.05–0.51), and pulmonary hypertension: OR 0.23 (95% CI 0.07–0.74).ConclusionThe chance of spontaneous closure in premature infants born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation was high, and the incidence continued increasing until 5 years of follow‐up.
Mental health of siblings of children with physical illness or physical–mental comorbidity
Authors: Qureshi Saad A. , Reaume Shannon V. , Bedard Chloe , Ferro Mark A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the mental health of siblings of children with physical illness (PI), with or without co‐occurring mental illness.MethodsThe sample included children aged 2 to 16 years with a chronic PI and their aged‐matched healthy siblings (n = 169 dyads). Physical–mental comorbidity (PM) was present if children screened positive for ≥1 mental illness on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure child and sibling mental health.ResultsWithin child–sibling dyads, siblings of children with PI had significantly worse mental health related to conduct problems (d = 0.31), peer problems (d = 0.18) and total difficulties (d = 0.20). Siblings of children with PM had significantly better mental health related to emotional problems (d = 0.42), hyperactivity/inattention (d = 0.23) and total difficulties (d = 0.32). Siblings of children with PI had similar mental health compared with child population norms used in the development of the SDQ. In contrast, siblings of children with PM had significantly worse mental health across all SDQ domains, with the exception of prosocial behaviour. After adjusting for parent psychopathology and family functioning, no statistically significant differences between siblings of children with PM versus siblings of children with PI were found.ConclusionsDifferences in mental health exist between children with PI or PM versus their healthy siblings. However, differences between siblings of children with PI versus siblings of children with PM can be explained by parental and family factors (e.g. marital status, education and income). Findings reinforce family‐centred care approaches to address the needs of children with PI or PM and their families.
The risk of subsequent surgery following bowel resection for Crohn's disease in a national cohort of 19 207 patients
Authors: King Dominic , Coupland Benjamin , Dosanjh Amandeep , Cole Andrew , Ward Stephen , Reulen Raoul C. , Adderley Nicola J. , Patel Prashant , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimSurgery is required for most patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and further surgery may be necessary if medical treatment fails to control disease activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the risk of, and factors associated with, further surgery following a first resection for Crohn's disease.MethodsHospital Episode Statistics from England were examined to identify patients with CD and a first recorded bowel resection between 2007 and 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for further resectional surgery within 5 years. Prevalence‐adjusted surgical rates for index CD surgery over the study period were calculated.ResultsIn total, 19 207 patients (median age 39 years, interquartile range 27–53 years; 55% women) with CD underwent a first recorded resection during the study period. 3141 (16%) underwent a further operation during the study period. The median time to further surgery was 2.4 (interquartile range 1.2–4.6) years. 3% of CD patients had further surgery within 1 year, 14% by 5 years and 23% by 10 years. Older age (≥58), index laparoscopic surgery and index elective surgery (adjusted OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54–0.77; 0.77, 0.67–0.88; and 0.77, 0.69–0.85; respectively) were associated with a reduced risk of further surgery by 5 years. Prior surgery for perianal disease (1.60, 1.37–1.87), an extraintestinal manifestation of CD (1.51, 1.22–1.86) and index surgery in a high‐volume centre for CD surgery (1.20, 1.02–1.40) were associated with an increased risk of further surgery by 5 years. A 25% relative and 0.3% absolute reduction in prevalence‐adjusted index surgery rates for CD was observed over the study period.ConclusionsFurther surgery following an index operation is common in CD. This risk was particularly seen in patients with perianal disease, extraintestinal manifestations and those who underwent index surgery in a high‐volume centre.
High risk of complications after a “low risk” procedure: A national study of nursing home residents and older adults undergoing haemorrhoid surgery
Authors: Colley Alexis , Finlayson Emily , Zhao Shoujun , Boscardin John , Suskind Anne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate 30‐day complications and 1‐year mortality for older adults undergoing haemorrhoid surgery.MethodThis retrospective cohort study evaluated older adults (age 66+) undergoing haemorrhoid surgery using Medicare claims and the minimum data set (MDS). Long‐stay nursing home residents were identified, and propensity score matched to community‐dwelling older adults. Generalized estimating equation models were created to determine the adjusted relative risk of 30‐day complications, length of stay (LOS), and 1‐year mortality. Among nursing home residents, functional and cognitive status were evaluated using the MDS‐activities of daily living (ADL) score and the Brief Instrument of Mental Status. Faecal continence status was evaluated among a subset of nursing home residents.ResultsA total of 3664 subjects underwent haemorrhoid surgery and were included in the analyses. Nursing home residents were at significantly higher risk for 30‐day complications (52.3% vs. 32.9%, aRR 1.6 [95% CI: 1.5–1.7], p < 0.001), and 1‐year mortality (24.9% vs. 16.1%, aRR 1.6 [95% CI: 1.3–1.8], p < 0.001). Functional and mental status showed an inflection point of decline around the time of the procedure, which did not recover to the baseline trajectory in the following year. Additionally, a subset of nursing home residents demonstrated worsening faecal incontinence.ConclusionThis study demonstrated high rates of 30‐day complications and 1‐year mortality among all older adults (yet significantly worse among nursing home residents). Ultimately, primary care providers and surgeons should carefully weigh the potential harms of haemorrhoid surgery in older adults living in a nursing home.
Sex and gender disparity in kidney transplantation: Historical and future perspectives
Authors: Salas Maria Aurora Posadas , Chua Elizabeth , Rossi Ana , Shah Silvi , Katz‐Greenberg Goni , Coscia Lisa , Sawinski Deirdre , Adey Deborah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSex and gender disparity exist in various stages of kidney transplantation. Females were found to be less likely to be referred for kidney transplant, complete pre‐transplant evaluation, be placed on the waitlist, and receive a kidney transplant compared to their male counterparts. Interestingly, females comprise the majority of living kidney donors. This review explores the biological and psychosocial factors that contribute to sex and gender disparity in kidney transplantation and proposes ways to address the disparity.
Associations between corbiculid and unionid densities and distributions throughout a Laurentian Great Lakes catchment, Michigan, U.S.A.
Authors: Ring Nathan S. , Woolnough Daelyn A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Some corbiculids (bivalve clams in the genus Corbicula) are invasive, having spread nearly worldwide and are thought to impact native unionid mussels. To determine the density and distributional associations of invasive corbiculids co‐occurring with native unionids, corbiculid clam and unionid mussel surveys were conducted at 122 sites in the Kalamazoo River catchment, Michigan, U.S.A.

Unionid densities ranged from 0 to 97 (x̅ = 7.45 ± 15.38 SD) live unionids found per person hour while corbiculid densities varied from 0 to 0.24 (0.012 ± 0.037) g/cm3. Corbiculid distributions were clumped (Moran's I test: Index = 0.281, Z = 2.228, p = 0.026) and highest along the main branch of the river. Unionid distributions, both individual species and at family level, were found to be randomly distributed throughout the catchment (Moran's I test: Index = 0.343 to −0.022, Z = 1.913 to −0.118, p value = 0.056 to 0.970).

Overall, unionid species richness, as well as the distribution of 13 unionid species, were negatively associated with corbiculid density. Although corbiculids can inhabit the same river reaches with unionids, unionid species richness and densities may be negatively influenced by the presence of corbiculids.

Although many species of unionids were negatively associated with corbiculid density, our research showed that they can co‐exist in the same river reaches. Overall, unionids were positively correlated with corbiculids throughout the catchment, probably because the two groups have similar habitat requirements. It is therefore important to consider unionids and corbiculids concurrently in conservation planning and the management of invasive corbiculids.
Clinical, economic, and health‐related quality of life burden associated with von Willebrand disease in adults and children: Systematic and targeted literature reviews
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Katsarou Olga , Jansen Nathalie , Santos Sandra , Escolar Ginés , Berntorp Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDebilitating clinical complications in von Willebrand disease (VWD) can affect health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), increase healthcare costs and cause long‐lasting consequences. However, the magnitude of these burdens needs to be more fully explored.AimTo estimate the prevalence and burden of clinical complications, the impact on HRQoL and the economic burden associated with VWD.MethodsEmbase®, MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library and conference proceedings were searched for studies on VWD evaluating clinical complications, HRQoL and cost and resource use.ResultsAmong 16 studies assessing clinical complications in VWD, the most prevalent bleeding symptoms were menorrhagia (2%–95% [n = 7 studies]), epistaxis (12%–80% [n = 6]) and easy bruising (46%–65% [n = 2]). Among 17 studies evaluating HRQoL, the most common assessment scales were the generic SF‐36 (n = 8 studies) and the EQ‐5D (n = 2). Bleeding symptoms were associated with reduced QoL in six of seven studies, and of six studies evaluating treatment impact, four reported improvements in one or more HRQoL components. Among 25 studies on cost and resource use, key observations included higher post‐surgery healthcare costs in VWD versus non‐VWD patients (n = 1 study) and higher costs and resource use in VWD patients with bleeding complications versus those without (n = 1).ConclusionAlthough limited, available evidence suggests that VWD patients experience a high burden of clinical complications, reduced QoL and high healthcare costs. Haemarthrosis is more common in severe VWD than is often assumed, and bleeds (including haemarthrosis) can reduce QoL. Research efforts to improve QoL and other outcomes should be prioritized.
Oral symptoms and oral hygiene behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes at a hospital in Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kudoh Rie , Shibayama Taiga , Hidaka Kikue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesEffective daily oral hygiene behaviour will prevent periodontal disease. This study aimed to examine the oral symptoms, oral hygiene behaviours and factors contributing to oral hygiene behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes in a hospital in Japan.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 198 patients with type 2 diabetes. Oral symptoms were assessed using a dichotomous scale based on clinical guidelines. Oral hygiene behaviours were assessed based on the frequency of daily tooth brushing and the use of interdental cleaning aids. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were also performed.ResultsOverall, 71.2% of the participants had oral symptoms. Of the participants, 80.3% performed twice daily tooth brushing and 61.1% did not perform interdental cleaning on a daily basis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that tooth brushing behaviour was negatively associated with male patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.80), difficulty with mastication (OR = 0.63, CI: 0.43–0.92) and tooth loss (OR = 0.68, CI: 0.46–1.00) and positively associated with periodontal disease (OR = 1.73, CI: 1.10–2.72). There were no significant variables related to the use of interdental cleaning aids.ConclusionsPatients need to learn about the necessity for regular oral hygiene behaviours and the appropriate way. In particular, support for male patients, those who have difficulty with mastication, those who have experienced natural tooth loss, and those who have not been diagnosed with periodontal disease are needed.
Structural studies offer a framework for understanding the role of properdin in the alternative pathway and beyond
Authors: Pedersen Dennis Vestergaard , Lorentzen Josefine , Andersen Gregers Rom 
Published: September 2022

SummaryStructures of alternative pathway proteins have offered a comprehensive structural basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing activation and regulation of the amplification pathway of the complement cascade. Although properdin (FP) is required in vivo to sustain a functional alternative pathway, structural studies have been lagging behind due to the extended structure and polydisperse nature of FP. We review recent progress with respect to structure determination of FP and its proconvertase/convertase complexes. These structures identify in detail regions in C3b, factor B and FP involved in their mutual interactions. Structures of FP oligomers obtained by integrative studies have shed light on how FP activity depends on its oligomerization state. The accumulated structural knowledge allows us to rationalize the effect of point mutations causing FP deficiency. The structural basis for FP inhibition by the tick CirpA proteins is reviewed and the potential of alphafold2 predictions for understanding the interaction of FP with other tick proteins and the NKp46 receptor on host immune cells is discussed. The accumulated structural knowledge forms a comprehensive basis for understanding molecular interactions involving FP, pathological conditions arising from low levels of FP, and the molecular strategies used by ticks to suppress the alternative pathway.
A novel household‐based patient outreach pilot program to boost late‐season influenza vaccination rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fisher Lloyd , Loiacono Matthew M. , Payne Nick , Kelley Tina , Greenberg Michael , Charpentier Mary , Leblanc Candace , Sundaresan Devi , Bancroft Tim , Steffens Andrea , Paudel Misti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to test a novel household‐based approach to improve late‐season influenza vaccine uptake during the 2020–2021 season, using Epic's MyChart patient portal messages and/or interactive voice response telephone calls.MethodsThis study was a non‐blinded, quality improvement program using a block randomized design conducted among patients from Reliant Medical Group clinics residing in a traditional household (≥2 individuals clinically active in the Reliant system living at the same address). Households were randomized 1:1:1 into intervention arms: non‐tailored communication (messaging based on CDC's seasonal influenza vaccination campaign), tailored communication (comprehensive communication including reinforcement of the importance of influenza vaccination for high‐risk individuals), and standard‐of‐care control. Influenza vaccination during the program was captured via medical records, and the odds of vaccination among communication arms versus the control arm were assessed. A survey assessing influenza vaccination drivers was administered using MyChart.ResultsInfluenza vaccination increased by 3.3% during the program period, and no significant differences in vaccination were observed in intervention arms relative to the control arm. Study operationalization faced substantial challenges related to the concurrent COVID‐19 pandemic. Compared with vaccinated survey respondents, unvaccinated respondents less frequently reported receiving a recommendation for influenza vaccination from their healthcare provider (15.8% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) or awareness that vaccination could protect themselves and higher risk contacts (82.3% vs. 92.6%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsNo significant effects of the interventions were observed. Survey results highlighted the importance of healthcare provider recommendations and the need for increased education around the benefits of vaccination.
Risks measurement in banking: A bibliometric and content analysis
Authors: Vashisht Shailja , Sarva Mahesh , Mundi Hardeep Singh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBanking risk has gained interest from researchers after the global financial crisis and implementation of Basel III norms. The present study performs a scientific bibliometric analysis of research on banking risk till data. Research has been conducted on five major types of banking risks – credit, operational, market, liquidity, and interest rate risk – from 967 publications on Scopus database from 1967 to 2021. The results suggest that the research in the area is dominated by the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. The publications in top journals in the domain of finance and economics are less, but the number has increased after 2008–2009. The paper also performs content analysis on top‐cited papers of five risk categories to find major themes and theoretical, practical, and methodological contributions. These findings suggest scope for more research in risks other than credit and operating risks, as existing research is centred around modelling risk and predicting default rates. Researchers in the area should focus on programming and machine learning tools. Regarding policy implications, the research identifies key publications in risk modelling, which can be used as the basis of improved supervisory mechanisms and internal controls.