bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Early-Spring Drying Trend over Southern China Associated with Changes in the Zonal Thermal Contrast over the Pacific
Authors: Li Yana , Zhou Wen , Yang Song , Zhang Ruhua , Cheung Ho-Nam , Zhang Yue 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Southern China has experienced a discernible early-spring drying trend in recent decades. This drying trend is a direct result of a severe deficiency of water vapor, which is induced by local descent anomalies and strong anomalous northerlies from the northwestern Pacific. The predominant anomalous northerlies are directly associated with two anomalous warm highs over the North Pacific (NPH) and East Asia (EAH), respectively. Anomalous easterlies along the southern edge of the NPH divert southwestward over southern Japan and form a branch of the northerlies, which merges into strong northerlies east of the EAH to construct the prevalent and deep northerly anomalies along the coast of East Asia. The NPH is related to changes in the zonal contrast of the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST-Tri), whose linear trend is dominated by warming in the western Pacific. The change in SST-Tri causes more precipitation in the tropical North Pacific, where strong ascent occurs and further facilitates robust descent over the extratropical North Pacific, facilitating the formation of the NPH. The EAH results from the interaction of tropical and higher latitudinal forcing in the context of global warming. On the one hand, enhanced precipitation over the Maritime Continent associated with the change in SST-Tri induces descent anomalies of the EAH over southern China via a local Hadley cell circulation. On the other hand, a “positive–negative–positive” tripolar tendency over the North Atlantic forces a wave train, which propagates eastward, becomes intensified over the Ural Mountains, and then moves farther eastward to affect the EAH. In addition, changes in SST-Tri can also modulate the tripole pattern over the North Pacific to further contribute to the EAH.
The Wavelength Dependence of the Propagation of Near-Inertial Internal Waves
Authors: Rama Jemima , Shakespeare Callum J. , Hogg Andrew McC. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wind-generated near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) are triggered in the mixed layer and propagate down into the ocean interior. Observational and numerical studies have shown the effects of background vorticity and high shear on propagating NIWs. However, the impacts of the background mean flow on NIWs as a function of the waves’ horizontal wavelength have yet to be fully investigated. Here, two distinct cases are analyzed, namely, the propagation of wind-generated, large-scale NIWs in negative vorticity and the behavior of small-scale NIWs in high shear. The propagation and energetics of the respective NIWs are investigated using a realistic eddy-resolving numerical simulation of the Kuroshio region. The large-scale NIWs display a rapid vertical propagation to depth in negative vorticity areas, while the small-scale NIWs are confined to shallower depths in high-shear regions. Furthermore, the dominant energy sources and sinks of near-inertial energy are estimated as the respective NIWs propagate into the ocean’s interior. The qualitative analysis of NIW energetics reveals that the wind triggers the generation of both the large-scale and small-scale NIWs, but the waves experience further amplification as they draw energy from the background mean flow upon propagation in negative vorticity and high-shear regions, respectively. In addition, the study demonstrates that small-scale NIWs can be induced independently by wind fluctuations and do not necessarily rely on straining nor refraction of large-scale NIWs by mesoscale motions.
A Three-Dimensional Inertial Model for Coastal Upwelling along Western Boundaries
Authors: Guo Haihong , Spall Michael A. , Pedlosky Joseph , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional inertial model that conserves quasigeostrophic potential vorticity is proposed for wind-driven coastal upwelling along western boundaries. The dominant response to upwelling favorable winds is a surface-intensified baroclinic meridional boundary current with a subsurface countercurrent. The width of the current is not the baroclinic deformation radius but instead scales with the inertial boundary layer thickness while the depth scales as the ratio of the inertial boundary layer thickness to the baroclinic deformation radius. Thus, the boundary current scales depend on the stratification, wind stress, Coriolis parameter, and its meridional variation. In contrast to two-dimensional wind-driven coastal upwelling, the source waters that feed the Ekman upwelling are provided over the depth scale of this baroclinic current through a combination of onshore barotropic flow and from alongshore in the narrow boundary current. Topography forces an additional current whose characteristics depend on the topographic slope and width. For topography wider than the inertial boundary layer thickness the current is bottom intensified, while for narrow topography the current is wave-like in the vertical and trapped over the topography within the inertial boundary layer. An idealized primitive equation numerical model produces a similar baroclinic boundary current whose vertical length scale agrees with the theoretical scaling for both upwelling and downwelling favorable winds.
Effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in improving mobility in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsuan , Wang Hsun-Yi , Liao Chun-De , Liou Tsan-Hon , Escorpizo Reuben , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: June 2022

Objective To investigate whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves mobility in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials studying the effects of NMES on the lower limbs in children with spastic CP. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with that of placebo or conventional therapy on mobility in children with cerebral palsy were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and examined the risk of bias and quality of evidence by using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. The final search was conducted on May 23, 2022. Results A total of 14 randomized controlled trials (2 crossover studies and 12 parallel studies including 421 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group (conventional physical therapy), the treatment group exhibited greater improvement in walking speed (standardized mean difference = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.57) and the standing, walking, running, and jumping dimension of the Gross Motor Function Measure (standardized mean difference = 1.24; 95% confidence interval = 0.64–1.83). Conclusion Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improved mobility in children with spastic cerebral palsy, particularly in standing, running, and jumping function, and it is safe for children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Health care professionals’ perceptions of factors influencing the process of identifying patients for serious illness conversations: A qualitative study
Authors: Morberg Jämterud Sofia , Sandgren Anna 
Published: June 2022

Background: The Serious Illness Care Programme enables patients to receive care that is in accordance with their priorities. However, despite clarity about palliative care needs, many barriers to and difficulties in identifying patients for serious illness conversations remain. Aim: To explore healthcare professionals’ perceptions about factors influencing the process of identifying patients for serious illness conversations. Design: Qualitative design. A thematic analysis of observations and semi-structured interviews was used. Setting/participants: Twelve observations at team meetings in which physicians and nurses discussed the process of identifying the patients for serious illness conversations were conducted at eight different clinics in two hospitals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three physicians and two nurses from five clinics. Results: Identifying the right patient and doing so at the right time were key to identifying patients for serious illness conversations. The continuity of relations and continuity over time could facilitate the identification process, while attitudes towards death and its relation to hope could hinder the process. Conclusions: The process of identifying patients for serious illness conversations is complex and may not be captured only by generic tools such as the surprise question. It is crucial to address existential and ethical obstacles that can hinder the identification of patients for serious illness conversations.
Political Economy of Expulsionary Urbanization: Subsumption and Estrangement of Spaces in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Danish 
Published: June 2022

This article forwards the notion of “expulsionary urbanization” to explain processes of urban transformation in Pakistan against the backdrop of neoliberal regime of accumulation. The concept of expulsionary urbanization emphasizes that the production of new urban spaces is predicated on the theft of space, where one segment of the society appropriates space from another. On the one hand, expulsionary urbanization facilitates capital accumulation by creating new gated housing enclaves; on the other hand, it produces spatial estrangement for the marginalized groups. To delineate processes of spatial commodification, the article reintroduces the conceptual category of “subsumption of space” by capital, that is, capital’s drive to valorize itself by transforming land into a form of a fictitious capital. JEL Classification: B51, B55, B50, B52, A14
Circuits of Social Reproduction: Nature, Labor, and Capitalism
Authors: Naidu Sirisha C. 
Published: June 2022

This article offers a reformulation of social reproduction theory’s (SRT’s) circuit of social reproduction that is suitable for the Global South. Drawing from existing literature, the article argues that wage labor is not always central to social reproduction and that there exist multiple labors of social reproduction associated with capitalist production, noncapitalist commodity production, and subsistence production. These stylized interrelated labor processes, which are coconstituted with nature, represent the circuits of social reproduction. The circuits clarify how working people engage in social reproduction even when the wage economy is inadequate for survival. They also offer a basis for interrogating crises of social reproduction when the totality of work time does not guarantee socially determined necessary consumption. These reworked circuits present opportunities for identifying both potential sites of exploitation and sites of resistance in the Global South. JEL Classification: B51, B54, Q56
The Association Between Type of Supplementation in the Newborn Nursery and Breastfeeding Outcomes at 2 and 6 Months of Age
Authors: Gray Karin , Ryan Stephanie , Churchill Martha , Harder Valerie S. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Supplementation in the newborn nursery has been associated with shorter breastfeeding duration. However, supplementation may at times be necessary. Research Aim: To determine the association between type of supplementation in the newborn nursery (mother’s own milk, formula, donor human milk) and breastfeeding outcomes at 2 and 6 months of age. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational multi-group cohort study. In total, 2,343 surveys were sent to parents who, prior to delivery, indicated intent to exclusively breastfeed. Participants were grouped by type of nursery supplementation. Surveys asked about breastfeeding outcomes when infants were 2 and 6 months old. Our final analytic sample included data from 1,111 healthy newborns ≥ 35 weeks. We used multiple logistic regression to compare future breastfeeding outcomes for infants who were exclusively directly breastfed or who received supplementation during their birth hospitalization. Results: Both the donor human milk and formula groups had decreased breastfeeding at 2 and 6 months compared to the exclusively directly breastfed group. Notably, for infants who received formula compared to donor human milk, the odds of breastfeeding at 2 and 6 months were 74% and 58% lower, respectively ( OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.12, 0.56] at 2 months; OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.19, 0.94] at 6 months). The donor human milk group had lower odds of breastfeeding at both follow up times compared to the mother’s own milk group. Conclusion: Among those who intend to breastfeed, supplementation with donor human milk instead of formula in the newborn nursery may support longer breastfeeding.
Encouraging openness in health care: Policy and practice implications of a mixed-methods study in the English National Health Service
Authors: Martin Graham , Chew Sarah , McCarthy Imelda , Dawson Jeremy , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: June 2022

Objective The National Health Service (NHS) in England has introduced a range of policy measures aimed at fostering greater openness, transparency and candour about quality and safety. We draw on the findings of an evaluation of the implementation of these policies in NHS organisations, with the aim of identifying key implications for policy and practice. Methods We undertook a mixed-methods policy evaluation, comprising four substudies: a longitudinal analysis of data from surveys of NHS staff and service users; interviews with senior stakeholders in NHS provider organisations and the wider system; a survey of board members of NHS provider organisations and organisational case studies across acute, community and mental health, and ambulance services. Results Our findings indicate a mixed picture of progress towards improving openness in NHS organisations, influenced by organisational history and memories of past efforts, and complicated by organisational heterogeneity. We identify four features that appear to be necessary conditions for sustained progress in improving openness: (1) authentic integration into organisational mission is crucial in making openness a day-to-day concern; (2) functional and effective administrative systems are vital; (3) these systems must be leavened by flexibility and sensitivity in implementation and (4) a spirit of continuous inquiry, learning and improvement is required to avoid the fallacy that advancing openness can be reduced to a time-limited project. We also identify four persistent challenges in consolidating and sustaining improvement: (1) a reliance on goodwill and discretionary effort; (2) caring for staff, patients and relatives who seek openness; (3) the limits of values-driven approaches on their own and (4) the continued marginality of patients, carers and families. Conclusions Variation in policy implementation offers important lessons on how organisations can better deliver openness, transparency and candour. These lessons highlight practical actions for policymakers, managers and senior clinicians.
Liver proteomic analysis reveals acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine in rats involved in neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Wang Keyin , Zou Zhuolin , Zou Ting , Wei Dahai , Deng Min 
Published: June 2022

Objectives Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare life-threatening condition that leads to rapid deterioration of liver function. Although global awareness of ALF consequences is increasing, the precise molecular mechanisms associated with its rapid progression remain unclear. In the present study, we established a rat model of ALF using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal) and explored the potential molecular mechanism of ALF. Methods Multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labelling combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to thoroughly screen for differentially expressed proteins in liver samples from LPS/D-Gal-induced ALF rat models. Results We identified 175 proteins, whose expression was altered by at least 1.5-fold, between the liver samples of ALF and control groups. Of these, 14 dysregulated proteins mainly participated in the regulation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Furthermore, rats with severe ALF showed elevated levels of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, myeloperoxidase, and fibrinogen gamma chain, consistent with NET formation. These findings suggest that the NET formation pathway may have contributed to the regulation of the clinical features and progression of liver injury in ALF rats. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a global differential protein expression profile of liver samples from rats with LPS/D-Gal-induced ALF. Our TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed molecular differences involved in NET formation between the ALF and control rat groups, potential therapeutic targets for ALF treatment as well as fundamental information for further detailed experimental research.
Validation of a machine learning approach to estimate expanded disability status scale scores for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alves Pedro , Green Eric , Leavy Michelle , Friedler Haley , Curhan Gary , Marci Carl , Boussios Costas 
Published: June 2022

Background Disability assessment using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is important to inform treatment decisions and monitor the progression of multiple sclerosis. Yet, EDSS scores are documented infrequently in electronic medical records. Objective To validate a machine learning model to estimate EDSS scores for multiple sclerosis patients using clinical notes from neurologists. Methods A machine learning model was developed to estimate EDSS scores on specific encounter dates using clinical notes from neurologist visits. The OM1 MS Registry data were used to create a training cohort of 2632 encounters and a separate validation cohort of 857 encounters, all with clinician-recorded EDSS scores. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), calculated using a binarized version of the outcome. The Spearman R and Pearson R values were calculated. The model was then applied to encounters without clinician-recorded EDSS scores in the MS Registry. Results The model had a PPV of 0.85, NPV of 0.85, and AUC of 0.91. The model had a Spearman R value of 0.75 and Pearson R value of 0.74 when evaluating performance using the continuous estimated EDSS and clinician-recorded EDSS scores. Application of the model to eligible encounters resulted in the generation of eEDSS scores for an additional 190,282 encounters from 13,249 patients. Conclusion EDSS scores can be estimated with very good performance using a machine learning model applied to clinical notes, thus increasing the utility of real-world data sources for research purposes.
Many kinds of oxidized proteins are present more in the urine of the elderly
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Pan Xuanzhen , Bao Yijin , Wei Lilong , Gao Youhe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies have shown an association between aging and oxidation. To our knowledge, there have been no studies exploring aging-related urine proteome modifications. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in global chemical modifications of urinary protein at different ages.

Methods
Discovery (n=38) cohort MS data including children, young and old groups were downloaded from three published studies, and this data was analyzed using open-pFind for identifying modifications. Verification cohort human samples (n=28) including young, middle-aged, and old groups, rat samples (n=7) at three-time points after birth, adulthood, and old age were collected and processed in the laboratory simultaneously based on label-free quantification combined with pFind.

Results
Discovery cohort: there were 28 kinds of differential oxidations in the old group that were higher than those in the young or children group in. Verification cohort: there were 17 kinds of differential oxidations of 49 oxidized proteins in the middle and old groups, which were significantly higher than those in the young group. Both oxidations and oxidized proteins distinguished different age groups well. There were also 15 kinds of differential oxidations in old age higher than others in the rat cohort. The results showed that the validation experiment was basically consistent with the results of the discovery experiment, showing that the level of oxidized proteins in urine increased significantly with age.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to show that oxidative proteins occur in urine and that oxidations are higher in older than younger ages. Perhaps improving the degree of excretion of oxidative protein in vivo through the kidney is helpful for maintaining the homeostasis of the body’s internal environment, delaying aging and the occurrence of senile diseases.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture presenting with focal weakness and altered mental status: a case report
Authors: Garrity Brigid M. , Sugarman Eric , Pulley Stephen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) can present asymptomatically and may be found through routine screening or seen incidentally on imaging. Rupture due to weaking of the aortic wall is the main complication of an AAA and leads to approximately 200,000 deaths annually worldwide. Clinically, AAA rupture most frequently presents with abdominal and/or back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, and hypotension. Here, we present an unusual presentation of embolic cerebrovascular accident associated with an AAA rupture.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old African American man transported to the emergency department via ambulance presents with altered mental status and unilateral extremity weakness. The initial presentation was concerning for acute cerebrovascular accident, acute kidney injury, severe sepsis, and urinary tract infection. Several hours after the initial presentation, the patient’s abdomen began to appear distended and he became hypotensive. An abdominal CT was ordered which showed a large AAA rupture with a retroperitoneal bleed. The patient was transferred to a higher-level medical center for surgical repair.

Conclusion
Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture can rarely present due to an acute cerebrovascular accident with altered mental status and focal neurologic deficits.