bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating board endorsement through re-spinning with surface-mounted device under test pad
Authors: Malimban Ber-Riel , Ortiz Glenn N. , Enojas Mark Joseph B. 
Published: April 2022

The two-part legacy board device under test (DUT) pad has been very useful for testing of microelectronic packages. However, <span lang="EN-US">this board has been subjected to many repair endorsements due to open connection of DUT pad and cut traces of the board components as recorded. Board re-spin is used to improve the performance of the test boards in microelectronic packages production. It improves the board development to create more functional printed circuit boards for testing and introduces the use of modern tools and software applied to the schematic creation up to the production board debugging. This paper presents a method of creating test boards for the development and manufacturing of microelectronic packages and integrated circuits. The two-part board is converted into a single board interface which eliminates the open DUT connections. A surface-mounted DUT pad is introduced to replace the old hypertact pins which are included in the re-spin board for a more robust performance. The schematic creation and board debugging were done to lessen problems caused by connection faults. In result, producing re-spin boards mitigates board endorsement which in return increases the manufacturing output performance. A faster and convenient setup was achieved when the old two-board setup was </span>eliminated.
Characteristics of Singapore lung cancer patients who miss out on lung cancer screening recommendations
Authors: Loh Chee Hong , Koh Pearly Wenjia , Ang Daniel Jia Ming , Lee Wei Chee , Chew Wui Mei , Koh Jansen Meng Kwang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) identified individuals at high risk for lung cancer and showed that serial low-dose helical computed tomography could identify lung cancer at an earlier stage, leading to mortality reduction. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of the NLST criteria for the Asian population.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective audit in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018, with the aim to describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with lung cancer and to identify patients who would miss out on lung cancer screening when the NLST criteria was applied.

Results:
We found that only 38.1% of our cohort who were diagnosed with lung cancer met the NLST criteria strictly by age and smoking status. Patients who met the screening criteria would have derived significant benefits from it, as 85.4% of our patients had presented at an advanced stage and 54.6% died within 1 year. When the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria was applied, it increased the sensitivity of lung cancer diagnosis to 58.7%. Only 15.5% of the female patients with lung cancer met the NLST criteria; their low smoking quantity was a significant contributing factor for exclusion.

Conclusion:
The majority of Singapore patients diagnosed with lung cancer, especially females, would not have been identified with the NLST criteria. However, those who met the inclusion criteria would have benefited greatly from screening. Extending the screening age upper limit may yield benefits and improved sensitivity in the Singapore context.
Against Nationalism: Climate Change, Human Rights, and International Law
Authors: de Bruin Boudewijn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change threatens humanity more than anything else. If we talk of nationalism, we ought therefore consider its pros and cons in light of the climate emergency. Anatol Lieven believes that civic nationalism along the lines of Chaim Gans, David Miller, and Yuli Tamir helps combat global warming. He thinks that when nationalists recognize that climate change is just as threatening to the survival of their nation-state as wars, they will make the sacrifices necessary to avert the threat. In this view, the military has an important role, and migration will have to be restricted. In this paper, I show that this solution is at best highly risky, and more probably unsound. However difficult it will be to realize, addressing climate change must be based on international cooperation, normatively grounded in human rights. I show how international law rather than civic nationalism gives us examples of how to go forward.
Epidemiology and Prognostic Indicators of Survival in Tongue Lymphoma
Authors: Hong Scott A. , Simpson Matthew C. , Du Eric Y. , Ward Gregory M. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Lymphoma, categorized as either non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is the second most common malignancy in the head and neck. Primary tongue lymphoma is exceedingly rare, with only case reports or small case series in the literature. This population-based analysis is the first to report the epidemiology and prognostic factors of survival in patients with primary tongue lymphoma. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from the National Cancer Institute was queried for patients diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2016 with tongue lymphoma. Outcomes of interest were overall and disease-specific survival. Independent variables included age at diagnosis, sex, race, marital status, primary subsite, histologic subtype, stage, and treatment type. Results and Conclusion: Seven hundred forty patients met criteria; the male-female ratio was 1.5:1 and the mean age at diagnosis was 67.8 years. The majority of lesions localized to the base of tongue (90.0%), were histologically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (59.5%), and presented at stage I or II (77.9%). Most early-stage lymphomas were treated with chemotherapy only (40.5%) or a combination of both chemotherapy and radiation (31.3%), while late-stage cancers were primarily treated with chemotherapy alone (68.5%). In multivariate analysis, younger age at diagnosis, female sex, married/partnered marital status, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue histologic subtype, and earlier cancer stage were found to be associated with improved survival. Chemotherapy treatment with or without radiation was also associated with better survival compared to no treatment or radiation alone, though data regarding immunotherapy was unavailable.
Eight Tales of Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis and Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Rapoport Nicholas A. , Lee David S. , Lee Jake J. , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Aggressive surgical debridement is required in cervical necrotizing fasciitis, and in severe defects, subsequent free tissue transfer might be necessary. However, there is concern that the inflammatory environment of the infection site may threaten free flap viability, particularly with concerns for thrombosis of feeding vessels and compromised tissue integration. Cases in the head and neck area are rare, so there are limited data regarding outcomes of free tissue transfer in these patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review assessed patients with cervical necrotizing fasciitis treated at an academic tertiary hospital between 2015 and 2021. Twenty-five patients were identified, and eight required free tissue transfer after adequate surgical debridement. Treatment, hospital course, and demographic data were collected on these eight patients. Results: All flaps had full survival at follow up (median follow up 3 months, range 1-39 months) without concerns for vascular compromise. Conclusion: These data suggest that in patients with large soft tissue defects due to cervical necrotizing fasciitis, free tissue transfer may be a safe treatment modality.
Derivation and validation of the bridge to transplantation with left ventricular assist device score for 1 year mortality after heart transplantation. The BTT-LVAD score
Authors: Okoh Alexis K , Fugar Setri , Dodoo Sheriff , Selevany Mariam , Al-Obaidi Nawar , Ozturk Ebru , Singh Swaiman , Tayal Rajiv , Lee Leonard Y , Russo Mark J , Camacho Margarita 
Published: April 2022

Background: To derive and validate a risk score that accurately predicts 1-year mortality after heart transplantation (HT) in patients bridged to transplant (BTT) with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods: The UNOS database was queried to identify patients BTT with an LVAD between 2008 and 2018. Patients with ⩾1-year follow up were randomly divided into derivation (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. The primary endpoint was 1-year mortality. A simple additive risk score was developed based on the odds of 1-year mortality after HT. Risk groups were created, and survival was estimated and compared. Results: A total of 7759 patients were randomly assigned to derivation ( n = 5431) and validation ( n = 2328) cohorts. One-year post-transplant mortality was 9.8% ( n = 760). A 33-point scoring was created from six recipient variables and two donor variables. Risk groups were classified as low (0–5), intermediate (6–10), and high (>10). In the validation cohort, the predicted 1-year mortality was significantly higher in the high-risk group than the intermediate and low-risk groups, 14.7% versus 9% versus 6.1% respectively (log-rank test: p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The BTT-LVAD Score can serve as a clinical decision tool to guide therapeutic decisions in advanced heart failure patients.
A Preliminary Study to Assess the Relevance of Shear-Wave Elastography in Characterizing Biomechanical Changes in the Deltoid Ligament Complex in Relation to Ankle Position
Authors: Rougereau Grégoire , Marty-Diloy Thibault , Vigan Marie , Donadieu Kalinka , Hardy Alexandre , Vialle Raphaël , Langlais Tristan 
Published: April 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the different bundles of the deltoid ligament in various ankle positions in a cohort of healthy adult volunteers; (2) describe the impact of demographic and hindfoot morphology characteristics on their stiffness; (3) to assess the reliability and reproducibility of these measurements. Methods: Deltoid ligament complex of both ankles were assessed by shear-wave elastography (SWE) in 20 healthy patients resting on hinge support. The propagation shear-wave speed (SWS) in ligaments was measured, which is related to the tissue’s elastic modulus. The following ligaments were analyzed in a neutral position and then in varus, valgus, dorsal, and plantar flexions: tibionavicular ligament (TNL), tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL), the superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament (SPTL), the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL), and the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament (DPTTL). Results: The mean SWS increased between neutral and 20 degrees valgus position for TCL (4.08 ± 0.78 m/s vs 5.56 ± 0.62 m/s, respectively; P < .0001) and for DPTTL (2.58 ± 0.52 m/s vs 3.59 ± 0.87 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). The mean SWS increased between neutral and 30 degrees plantarflexion for ATTL (2.11 ± 0.44 m/s vs 3.1 ± 0.5 m/s, respectively; P < .0001) and TNL (2.96 ± 0.66 m/s vs 4.99 ± 0.69 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). The mean SWS increased between neutral and 20 degrees dorsal flexion for SPTL (4.2 ± 1 m/s vs 5.45 ± 0.65 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). Women had less DPTTL SWS than men in the neutral position (2.37 ± 0.35 m/s vs 2.71 ± 0.49 m/s, respectively; P = .007). Other demographics had no impact on the SWS value of other ligaments. All inter- and intraobserver agreements were good to excellent. Conclusion: This study presents a reliable and reproducible SWE measurement protocol to describe the physiological function of all bundles of the medial collateral ligament in healthy adults. Clinical Relevance: This examination technique can be available to orthopaedic surgeons, allowing reliable and reproducible monitoring of the SWS of the various ligaments constituting the medial collateral plane. The biomechanical values described in this study may give insight into in what position medial ankle ligament reconstruction should be tensioned.
The Associations Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Internalizing Symptoms, and Academic Performance in Children With Reading Disorder: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Hossain Bushra , Bent Stephen , Parenteau China , Widjaja Felicia , Davis Matthew , Hendren Robert L. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) was associated with anxiety, depression, and academic performance (AP) in children with reading disorder (RD), and whether ADHD-Inattention (ADHD-IN) moderated these relationships. Method: Parents and teachers of children with RD ( N = 147, ages 6–18) completed evaluations of SCT, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and AP, every 3 months for 18 months. Baseline and longitudinal associations between SCT and outcomes, and effect moderation of ADHD-IN, were assessed. Results: Teacher-rated SCT was positively associated with teacher-rated anxiety ( p < .001) and negatively associated with AP ( p < .001) cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with significant effect modification by ADHD-IN for both outcomes. SCT was not associated with depression in adjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. There were no significant findings for any parent-reported measures. Conclusion: SCT has negative effects on anxiety and AP in children with RD among individuals with low ADHD-IN according to teacher report. Targeted treatment of SCT may provide substantial benefits.
Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) improves the accuracy of individualized prediction in MS
Authors: Kalincik Tomas , Kister Ilya , Bacon Tamar E , Malpas Charles B , Sharmin Sifat , Horakova Dana , Kubala-Havrdova Eva , Patti Francesco , Izquierdo Guillermo , Eichau Sara , Ozakbas Serkan , Onofrj Marco , Lugaresi Alessandra , Prat Alexandre , Girard Marc , Duquette Pierre , Grammond Pierre , Sola Patrizia , Ferraro Diana , Alroughani Raed , Terzi Murat , Boz Cavit , Grand’Maison Francois , Bergamaschi Roberto , Gerlach Oliver , Sa Maria J , Kappos Ludwig , Cartechini Elisabetta , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , van Pesch Vincent , Shaygannejad Vahid , Granella Franco , Spitaleri Daniele , Iuliano Gerardo , Maimone Davide , Prevost Julie , Soysal Aysun , Turkoglu Recai , Ampapa Radek , Butzkueven Helmut , Cutter Gary ,   for MSBase Study Group
Published: April 2022

Background: The MSBase prediction model of treatment response leverages multiple demographic and clinical characteristics to estimate hazards of relapses, confirmed disability accumulation (CDA), and confirmed disability improvement (CDI). The model did not include Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), a disease duration-adjusted ranked score of disability. Objective: To incorporate MSSS into the MSBase prediction model and compare model accuracy with and without MSSS. Methods: The associations between MSSS and relapse, CDA, and CDI were evaluated with marginal proportional hazards models adjusted for three principal components representative of patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. The model fit with and without MSSS was assessed with penalized r2 and Harrell C. Results: A total of 5866 MS patients were started on disease-modifying therapy during prospective follow-up (age 38.4 ± 10.6 years; 72% female; disease duration 8.5 ± 7.7 years). Including MSSS into the model improved the accuracy of individual prediction of relapses by 31%, of CDA by 23%, and of CDI by 24% (Harrell C) and increased the amount of variance explained for relapses by 49%, for CDI by 11%, and for CDA by 10% as compared with the original model. Conclusion: Addition of a single, readily available metric, MSSS, to the comprehensive MSBase prediction model considerably improved the individual accuracy of prognostics in MS.
A snapshot of an eCohort: A comparison of the LifeGene population at baseline with the Swedish general population
Authors: Rissanen Ritva 
Published: April 2022

Aims: With access to technologies and internet around the globe, opportunities have been provided to contact and recruit participants at a more rapid pace, without face-to-face contact. However, ‘eCohorts’ may yield substantial volunteer bias. Few studies have compared eCohorts to general populations or samples where traditional research methods have been applied. To our knowledge, no prior analyses have reported on Swedish-based LifeGene eCohort, in comparison with the Swedish general population. The aim of this study was to compare the LifeGene eCohort at baseline with the Swedish general population. Methods: The LifeGene eCohort ( n = 39,862) was compared with the general population in Sweden represented by weighted data from the Swedish Public Health agency and Statistics Sweden. LifeGene is a nationwide project with yearly data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic characteristics, and self-reported data on diagnosis of depression. Results: The LifeGene eCohort overrepresented younger people, females, those with a higher socio-economic status, non-smokers and people with a diagnosis of depression. Surprisingly, the eCohort included a larger percentage of people born outside of Sweden compared to the general population, which is not in line with previous studies. Conclusion: The results show that the participants in the LifeGene eCohort are different regarding demographic variables and some health indicators from the Swedish general population. Hence, if comparisons are made between the LifeGene eCohort and a general population it becomes important to be aware of the differences that might exist between the different cohort populations and how these might affect the estimates.
Diagnoses of infectious diseases among Norwegian-born children to immigrant parents – the role of parental socioeconomic position
Authors: M.K.R. Kjøllesdal , A.S. Labberton , A. Reneflot , S. Qureshi , P. Surén 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Children of immigrants have a higher incidence of infectious disease than native children. Our aim was to assess the role of parental socioeconomic position for diagnoses of infectious disease among children of immigrants. Methods: Data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (on diagnoses from secondary/tertiary care), Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and Statistics Norway were linked by the national personal identification number. Seven diagnostic infection categories were included from 2008 onwards. The study population included children born in Norway aged 0–10 years between 2008 and 2018 ( N = 988,647). Hazards of infection diagnoses by parental region of origin (adjusted for sex, birth year, parental education, household income and mother’s parity) and by parental education and household income were assessed by Cox regression. Results: High parental education was associated with lower hazard of infection diagnoses among children of Norwegian-born parents, but associations were less consistent among children with immigrant parents. Lower household income was related to hazard of most infectious diagnoses among children with both Norwegian-born and immigrant parents. Assessed by region diagnoses of viral and bacterial infections and infections of the musculoskeletal system and soft tissue were not associated with household income. Parental education and household income did not explain differences in hazard of infection diagnoses between children born to immigrant versus Norwegian-born parents. Conclusions: Socioeconomic disadvantage did not explain differences in hazard of being diagnosed with infectious disease in secondary/tertiary care between children with immigrant versus Norwegian-born parents.
The Effect of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Corticosteroid Injections on Outcomes Following Arthroplasty
Authors: Tawfik Amr M. , Elkhechen Justin N. , Aryee Jomar , Sirch Francis , Filtes Peter , Katt Brian M. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Prior studies suggest steroid injections may affect infection rates following thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) arthroplasty. However, it is unclear whether injections prior to CMCJ arthroplasty affect functional outcomes, primarily Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (qDASH). Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent thumb CMCJ arthroplasty from 2015 to 2019. Patients who had qDASH scores reported preoperatively, and at 5 and 11 months postoperatively were included. Charts were reviewed for the presence or absence of prior corticosteroid injection to the CMCJ and complications. Delta qDASH was calculated by subtracting the patients’ postoperative qDASH scores from the preoperative qDASH scores. Results: In all, 350 CMCJ arthroplasty patients were identified, 177 who had received at least 1 steroid injection and 173 who were steroid-naïve. No significant differences existed in delta qDASH scores postoperatively between the injection and naïve groups at 5 months (28.5 vs 28.6) or 11 months (31.2 vs 31.9). Whereas there were no significant differences in rates of major complications between the 2 groups, minor complications were higher in the injection group (16.4% vs 9.2%). Patients who received more than 3 injections did not have worse 5-month or 11-month delta qDASH scores or complication rates than those with fewer than 3. Conclusions: Preoperative CMCJ steroid injection status does not affect major complication rates or functional outcomes following CMCJ arthroplasty. However, injections increase the rate of minor complications. The qDASH and complication rates following CMCJ arthroplasty are not affected by receiving greater than 3 injections preoperatively.
Extending the description of the clinical research nursing workforce
Authors: A Fisher Cheryl , A Griffith Catherine , Lee Hyacinth , Smith Hazel A , T Jones Carolynn , A Grinke Kathleen , Keller Rosemary , Cusack Georgie , Browning Shaunagh , Hill Gordon 
Published: April 2022

Background The role of Clinical Research Nurses across the globe has not been evaluated to identify similarities or differences among specific activities. Aims This study’s aims were to determine differences in Clinical Research Nurses most frequently performed activities, if these activities are reflective of those previously described in the literature, and job titles Clinical Research Nurses use to self-identify. Methods An online cross-sectional survey distributed via snowball sampling through email, social media, and research nurses’ networks included questions on frequency of activities performed and information related to job titles. Pearson’s chi-square test is analyzed for associations between the groups. Results Respondents returned 252 questionnaires, 233 were eligible for analysis. Research nurse activities performed internationally showed both similarities and differences. Any between country comparisons will be limited to the United States and the United Kingdom. The three most common tasks reported were recruitment 120 (51.5%), monitoring the research participant for potential adverse events 187 (80.2%) and providing nursing leadership within the interdisciplinary team 169 (72.5%). Conclusion Considering the context and range of activities of the original Clinical Research Nursing Domain of Practice, broadening the framework to include the leadership domain will better serve as a foundation for the specialty practice.