bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Til árs ok friðar : Le roi et le bonheur du peuple dans la Scandinavie médiévale
Authors: Lebouteiller Simon 
Published: March 2022

Dans les sources scandinaves des XIIᵉ et XIIIᵉ siècles, l’influence d’un souverain sur la prospérité est un thème fréquemment employé pour caractériser un règne. De manière schématique, un roi considéré comme juste et légitime a un effet bénéfique sur l’ordre cosmologique, le temps et les récoltes, tandis qu’un souverain jugé négativement apporte désordre, pénuries et calamités. Ce motif venait renforcer divers critères permettant d’évaluer la capacité du souverain à apporter le bonheur à ses sujets. Dans cet article, nous replaçons cette question dans le temps long et examinons comment le rôle du roi dans l’instauration de la prospérité a évolué durant la période médiévale. Les débats historiographiques ont d’abord associé ces attributs aux croyances païennes les plus anciennes. Mais la christianisation de la région ne paraît pas avoir provoqué une disparition de ces idées et a davantage amené à leur actualisation dans le nouveau contexte religieux. Nous mettons de la sorte en évidence les procédés d’adaptation auxquels ces représentations ont été soumises, ainsi que les mutations des structures et des idéologies politiques qui les accompagnent à l’époque médiévale.
Antibiotic usage in surgical sperm retrievals among IVF centers
Authors: Khoa Le Dang , Vy Ngo Dinh Trieu , Loc Nguyen Minh Tai , Thang Le Duc , Anh Dang Tuan , Hieu Nguyen Phuc , Nhu Giang Huynh , Tao Nguyen Dinh , Hoang Le , Handelsman David J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is currently one of the most common procedures in in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, a gap between the guidelines and routine clinical practice regarding antibiotic use in SSR, which might lead to antibiotic resistance, is a challenging problem worldwide. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 1, 2021, to July 15, 2021, to investigate antibiotic usage by medical professionals when performing SSR in IVF centers in Vietnam. The confidential questionnaire comprised 12 items, including characteristics of the study population, awareness of antimicrobial resistance, attitude toward prescribing antibiotics, and current practice of prescribing antibiotics when performing SSR. Surveys were completed by 30 of 45 registered IVF centers (66.7%). Among 67 physicians working at those centers, the age and work-experience years (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]) were 38.6 ± 6.6 years and 11.2 ± 7.0 years, respectively. Over 60% of them held a degree in Obstetrics and Gynecology, and over four-fifths were men. Most respondents “often/very often/always” raised awareness of antimicrobial resistance to their patients (83.3%), but only half of them “often/occasionally” prescribed antibiotics to patients with SSR in cases where the prescription would be optional. About one-tenth of respondents followed the recommendation from the American Urological Association using “prophylaxis only” for SSR patients. For more invasive SSR, physicians tended to prescribe more complicated and sometimes inappropriate regimens. In conclusion, antibiotic usage in SSR was not always appropriate among IVF centers. Further studies may define specific recommendations for regimens, intervention strategies, and programs to promote appropriate antibiotic use for SSR patients among IVF specialists.
Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine and norepinephrine infusion on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery
Authors: Singh Jasveer , Singh Jaskaran , Mitra Sukanya , Anand Lakesh K. , Goel Bharti , Kaur Manjeet 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Spinal anaesthesia induced maternal hypotension in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery may lead to neonatal acidosis and fall in umbilical artery pH. The aim of this study was to compare low dose norepinephrine infusion with phenylephrine to see the effect on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.

Methods:
In a randomised, double-blind study, 60 parturients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II, age 18–35 years with singleton term pregnancy were divided into the phenylephrine group and norepinephrine group. Participants received prophylactic phenylephrine and norepinephrine infusion after spinal anaesthesia till the delivery of the baby at a fixed rate of 50 μg/min and 2.5 μg/min, respectively. The primary outcome was umbilical artery pH. Neonatal Apgar score, incidence of bradycardia and hypotension, number of boluses of vasopressor required and reactive hypertension were also compared.

Results:
The umbilical arterial pH was comparable between the groups (p = 0.38). Apgar scores were comparable (p = 0.17). Incidence of bradycardia was higher in phenylephrine group without reaching statistical significance (43.3% vs. 20%, P = 0.052). Incidence of hypotension was more but not significant in norepinephrine group compared to phenylephrine group (16.7% vs. 10%, P = 0.44). Number of vasopressor boluses and reactive hypertension episodes were comparable between both groups (p = 0.09).

Conclusion:
Low dose (2.5 μg/min) intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is a suitable alternative to phenylephrine in the maintenance of umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure.
Evaluation of intubating conditions with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg using train of four stimulation in elective surgery
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Rani Deepa , Jain Aruna 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Train of four (TOF) stimulation has been recommended to be used with neuromuscular blocking agents. The incidence of excellent intubating conditions with rocuronium, when used with TOF, is lacking. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients having excellent intubating conditions with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg using TOF at adductor pollicis longus at T1 and T0, time to achieve T1 or T0 and incidence of sore throat, immediate and 24 hours post-extubation.

Methods:
This prospective non-randomised study was carried out in 250 patients of either sex, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation after rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg monitored by TOF. Patients were divided among T1 and T0 groups. Intubating conditions were assessed using the Copenhagen scale. Results were analysed using the Chi-square test and the Student’s t-test. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Intubating conditions were excellent in 84% patients (87.9% in group T0 and 80.1% in group T1, P = 0.216). The mean onset time was 142.98 ± 27.04 seconds in group T0 and 122.38 ± 3 0.76 seconds in group T1 (p < 0.01). The incidence of immediate (p = 0.02) and late (p = 0.01) sore throat was higher in the T1 group.

Conclusion:
The proportion of patients having excellent intubating conditions with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was higher at T0 but not statistically significant. It takes 20 seconds longer to achieve T0 as compared to T1 with a lesser incidence of immediate and late sore throat.
Motor Proficiency of Children with Developmental Speech and Language Disorder and Typically Developing Children Aged 4–7 years
Authors: Prajapati Rupali , Vaidya Pratibha Milind 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Developmental speech and language disorder (DSLD) is characterized by delay in speech and language development in the absence of mental or physical handicap, hearing loss, emotional disorder, or environmental deprivation. Many nonlinguistic factors contribute to the expression of DSLD, one of them is motor proficiency. Some problems with motor proficiency were observed in children with DSLD when they were compared with typically developing children (TDC).

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the performance of DSLD children for motor proficiency using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) and compare it with TDC.

Study Design:
A comparative, noninterventional, cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The study included 30 children with DSLD and 30 TDC aged 4–7 years. The study protocol was approved by the Institute Ethical Committee (ECARP/2017/21). A written informed consent form was signed by parents. All composites of BOT-2 were administered on both groups (fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, strength and agility). Scores obtained were compared between two groups for total motor composite as well as each subtest.

Results:
There was a significant difference between the performance of DSLD children and TDC on all the four composites, namely Fine Manual Control, Manual Coordination, Body Coordination, and Strength and Agility of BOT-2. Total motor composite score of DSLD children was significantly different from the scores of TDC at P = 0.000.

Conclusion:
Motor proficiency is significantly affected in children with DSLD as compared to TDC.
Psychiatric Manifestation and Occurrence of Violence Toward Caregivers
Authors: Sweta  , Singh Bhupendra , Kapse Praful P , Jha Neha , Singh Upendra 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder (BAD) are not always violent or make violent responses. However, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and BAD are associated with violent acts of patients in various forms such as physical, verbal, and emotional violence. The victims to these violent acts by individuals suffering from schizophrenia or BAD are the caregivers most of the times. In addition, the treating team experiences violence by psychiatric patients during their stay in the hospital, especially in the initial days of hospitalization.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive research. A total of 104 caregivers were selected for the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical details were collected through semi-structured interview schedule. Data were collected including sociodemographic details, Family Violence Scale, Family Burden Interview Schedule, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.

Results:
The study states that caregivers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or BAD experience overall burden. The experience is associated with being a victim of violence made by the relative suffering with psychiatric disorder. In addition, the events of violence create adverse impact on the psychological well-being of the caregivers, causing stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion:
The study clearly indicates the need to attend the psychological needs of the caregivers of individuals suffering from schizophrenia or BAD.
ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐỘC TÍNH CẤP TÍNH VÀ BÁN MÃN TÍNH CỦA CHIẾT XUẤT ETANOL HÀNH ĐEN (Allium ascalonicum L.) TRÊN CHUỘT SWISS ALBINO
Authors: TRẦN THỊ PHƯƠNG NHUNG  
Published: March 2022

Hành đen, sản phẩm mới chế biến từ hành tím (Allium ascalonicum L.), có nhiều đặc tính dược lý và sinh học. Trong hành đen chứa terpenoid, saponin, tannins và các hợp chất phenolic thể hiện tính kháng sinh và khả năng chống lại tế bào ung thư. Trong nghiên cứu này, độc tính của chiết xuất ethanol hành đen (EtAA) đã được khảo sát. Trong thử nghiệm độc tính cấp tính, những con chuột được sử dụng EtAA (1000, 3000, 5000 và 7000 mg/kg) liên tục trong 7 ngày và theo dõi đến ngày thứ 14. Thử nghiệm độc tính mãn tính, chuột liên tục được sử dụng EtAA (100, 200, 300 và 400 mg/kg) trong 12 tuần. Trong khi đó động vật đối chứng được cho uống nước cất. Trọng lượng cơ thể, lượng thức ăn và nước tiêu thụ của con vật được theo dõi hàng ngày. Ngoài ra, các thông số sinh hóa máu, huyết học, trọng lượng cơ thể và mô bệnh học nội tạng của chúng đều được đo tại các thời điểm quan sát cụ thể. Kết quả của thử nghiệm độc tính cấp tính và bán mãn tính không ghi nhận bất cứ trường hợp tử vong nào. EtAA không gây ra bất thường đáng kể về các thông số sinh lý hoặc thay đổi bệnh lý ở các cơ quan của chuột. EtAA an toàn ở các liều lượng đã nghiên cứu và không gây độc cấp tính hoặc mãn tính trên các mô hình động vật.
Synergistic foundations of the study law and order
Authors: Лапшин В.Е. , Свинин Е.В. 
Published: March 2022

Использование синергетики как научной методологии позволяет увидеть внутренние причины развития и самоорганизации правовых явлений. Научный интерес к синергетике несколько снизился, что объясняется отсутствием работ, исследующих ее возможности применительно к конкретным явлениям. В статье рассматриваются основные направления использования синергетической парадигмы для изучения правового порядка. Отмечается, что большинство правовых явлений, в том числе и правопорядок, склонны к самоорганизации, исследование которой составляет одну из задач синергетики. Юридическая наука не придает большого значения изучению процессов самоорганизации правового порядка, отмечая их латентный характер. Рассматривая правопорядок как поликонтекстуальное явление, авторы предлагают свое видение отдельных процессов самоорганизации в трех основных формах правового порядка. Внимание акцентируется на необходимости учета ряда факторов, действие которых постепенно может привести к ослаблению правового порядка.
Scientific interest in synergetics has slightly decreased, what is explained by the lack of works exploring its capabilities in relation Сетевой научно-практический журнал частного и публичного права 15 to specific phenomena. The paper discusses the main directions of using the synergetic paradigm for the study law and order. It is noted that most of the legal phenomena, including the rule of law, are prone to self-organization, the study of which is one of the tasks of synergetics. Legal science does not attach much importance to the study of the processes of self-organization of the law and order noting their latent nature. Considering the rule of law as a polycontextual phenomenon the author's vision of individual processes of self-organization in three main forms of law and order is proposed. Attention is focused on the need to take into account a number of factors, the action of which can gradually lead to a weakening of law and order.
On the concept of foundation the Russian penitentiary club
Authors: Дворянсков И.В. 
Published: March 2022

В статье раскрываются процесс создания Российского пенитенциарного клуба, вопросы, обсуждавшиеся на первом (учредительном) заседании, его предназначение, миссия, основные направления деятельности. Особое внимание уделяется такому аспекту, как создание научных школ. Дается историческая справка о пенитенциарных традициях Вологодской земли, где и состоялось открытие Российского пенитенциарного клуба
The article is devoted to the foundation of the Russian Penitentiary Club. The process of its foundation, the issues discussed at the first (constituent) meeting, its purpose, mission, main activities are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to such an area of activity as the creation of scientific schools. A historical information is given about the penitentiary traditions on the Vologda land, where the opening of the Russian Penitentiary Club took place
Problematic issues of execution a preventive measure in the form of house arrest
Authors: Юрова Ю.В. 
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы исполнения меры пресечения в виде домашнего ареста, раскрываются особенности служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительных инспекций при организации контроля за подозреваемыми и обвиняемыми, в отношении которых она избрана. Обращается внимание на отсутствие у сотрудников уголовно-исполнительных инспекций возможности надлежащим образом контролировать запреты, назначаемые подозреваемым и обвиняемым при избрании меры пресечения в виде домашнего ареста, предлагаются пути выхода из сложившейся ситуации
The article examines the problems of the execution a preventive measure in the form of house arrest, reveals the features of the official activities of employees of penal inspectorates when organizing control over suspected and accused, for whom she was chosen. Attention is drawn to the lack of the ability of the employees of the penal inspectorates to properly control the prohibitions assigned by the suspects and the accused when choosing a preventive measure in the form of house arrest; ways out of this situation are proposed.
Nueva aproximación a las superficies convolutas
Authors: González Quintial Francisco , Martín Pastor Andrés , Sánchez Parandiet Antonio 
Published: March 2022

La investigación que se presenta forma parte de la exploración de las posibilidades que ofrecen las superficies desarrollables en la construcción de Arquitectura enfocadas principalmente a la fabricación digital. Este tipo de superficies han sido profusamente tratadas en los últimos años, asociadas tanto a la búsqueda de sistemas de discretización de superficies libres y formas complejas con facetas planas o tiras desarrollables como a la utilización de estas formas geométricas como elemento de composición proyectual. Esta asociación de geometría y construcción no es nueva y se puede encontrar en los propios fundamentos que llevaron a la formulación de la Geometría Descriptiva como herramienta aplicada a la construcción. A través de una profunda revisión de la geometría tradicional pre-computacional basada en la Geometría Descriptiva clásica, se ha procedido a reinterpretar los procedimientos gráficos tradicionales. Mediante la instrumentalización a través de los nuevos procesos computacionales de trabajo es posible alcanzar niveles de desarrollo que previamente quedaban meramente planteados a nivel de formulación teórica. Concretamente se desarrolla y reformula la idea de las superficies desarrollables que se apoyan en dos directrices en el espacio, es decir, es decir tiras desarrollables,que son conocidas en la bibliografía tradicional española como superficies convolutas.
Akuntabilitas Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Memfungsikan Pasar Modern
Authors: Ningrum Elvira Dwi , As’ari Hasim 
Published: March 2022

Local Government Accountability is one of the indicators in realizing Good Governance or good governance. The background of this research is the emergence of indications of the phenomenon, namely the Sorek modern market which has not been managed and functioned properly, this shows that the accountability of the Pelalawan Regency government has not been maximized. This study aims to determine the accountability of the Pelalawan District Government in the functioning of the Sorek modern market and to determine the factors that hinder the accountability of the Pelalawan District Government in the functioning of the Sorek modern market. This study uses a purposive sampling technique with a qualitative descriptive approach with case study methods and the required data, both primary and secondary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, for further analysis. This study uses the dimensions of accountability according to GS Koppell. The results of this study indicate that: first, the accountability of the local government of Pelalawan Regency in the functioning of the Sorek modern market in Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency has not run optimally, because there has been no real action from third parties. and the Pelalawan District Government. Second, the inhibiting factors in implementing the policy are communication between local governments and third parties, cooperation partners, and the inaccuracy of local government strategies.
Keywords: Accountability, Regional Government, Modern Market
Monitoring engine oil performance effectiveness to assess the engines conditions
Authors: Krasnov V. M. , Stepin N. D. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The article is devoted to the study of engine oil in the course of numerous engine and automotive tests; therefore it is of an overview nature and considers general issues of assessing engine wear based on the engine oil condition. The article discusses the operating modes of the oil in the engine, its physical and chemical parameters, and the additives effect on the preservation of these indicators, as well as the issues of engines and oils conditions monitoring.The objectives of the study included the determination of the inﬂuence of the main engine oil indicators on the engine operation followed by the monitoring peculiarities of the engine condition.The purpose of the study was to consider general issues of assessing engine wear depending on the engine oil condition.Methodology and research methods. The analytical method of research was applied.Results. The main indicators of engine oil and the factors inﬂuencing their change have been considered. The criteria to help the assessment of the engine oil condition when conducting physical and chemical analyzes were determined. A group of indicators necessary to monitor and analyze the causes of engine wear was established. The main peculiarities of the engine oil state monitoring were considered and the monitoring began at the early stages of engine, oil and other ﬂuids development.Practical signiﬁcance. Engine oil is a carrier of information that can be used to improve the reliability of internal combustion engines and extend their life. Like a blood test, thanks to which it is possible to draw conclusions about the correct functioning of the human body, physical and chemical studies of engine oil allow us to assess the correct operation of an individual engine components, identify malfunctions and prevent breakdowns, extending the life of the engine.
МОЛОЧНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОБЫЛ РАЗНОГО ГЕНОТИПА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТАБУННОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ
Authors: Шарапатов Т.С  , Асанбаев Т.Ш  , Шауенов С.К  , Ибраева А.К  , Смаил А.С  
Published: March 2022

В статье приведены результаты научного исследования молочной продуктивности кобыл казахской породы типа жабе и новоалтайско-казахских помесей I-поколения в условиях табунного содержания. По результатам исследований фактического удоя кобыл по месяцам лактации, установлено, что кобылы новоалтайско-казахских помесей в среднем на 2-3 месяце лактации продуцировали молока больше на 41-42,5%, чем кобылы казахской породы типа жабе. Показатели массовой доли белка и жира, были не одинаковые, так, кобылы казахской породы типа жабе в среднем по содержанию белка превосходили помесей (НА х КЖ) на 0,07%, жира на 0,05%. По показателям промеров вымени и сосков кобылы новоалтайско-казахских помесей I-поколения по всем анализируемым показателям превосходили кобыл чистопородных казахских жабе.
“It makes the buzz” – putting the demographic dividend under scrutiny
Authors: Hilbig Michael , Loichinger Elke , Köppen Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We contribute to this theme issue on “(Re)Thinking population geography” with a critical engagement with the
concept of the demographic dividend (DD). We put the DD – a concept based
on interactions between demography, development and policy making – under
scrutiny and investigate in particular whether a demographization of politics, a criticism
concerning political decision-making based on a reductionist use of
demographic data, as described by Barlösius (2007) and Schultz (2019),
is happening. Our findings, based on literature analysis and interviews with experts
working in the field of development cooperation, policy advocacy and
demographic research, show that simplistic demographic explanations for
economic growth are appealing to political leaders and advocacy groups. In
the context of the DD, demographization is being strategically used by advisors and
scientists to convince and engage decision makers at all administrative
levels in order to promote voluntary family planning, multi-sectoral
development policies and human rights. Our research suggests that the well-established and widely used paradigm of
the DD might be a prominent example of what we call positive demographization. At the same time,
particularly when it comes to the politicization of the female body through
demographic intervention, the concept of the DD remains potentially prone to
politically motivated interpretation and use.