bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein pUL21 is Required for Viral Genome Retention Within Capsids
Authors: Thomas Ethan C.M. , Bossert Maike , Banfield Bruce W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring virion morphogenesis herpes simplex virus nucleocapsids transit from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm, through a process called nuclear egress, where the final stages of virion assembly occur. Coupled to nuclear egress is a poorly understood quality-control mechanism that preferentially selects genome-containing C-capsids, rather than A- and B-capsids that lack genomes, for transit to the cytoplasm. We and others have reported that cells infected with HSV strains deleted for the tegument protein pUL21 accumulate both empty A-capsids and C-capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Quantitative microscopy experiments indicated that C-capsids were preferentially selected for envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane and that nuclear integrity remained intact in cells infected with pUL21 mutants, prompting alternative explanations for the accumulation of A-capsids in the cytoplasm. More A-capsids were also found in the nuclei of cells infected with pUL21 mutants compared to their wild type (WT) counterparts, suggesting pUL21 might be required for optimal genome packaging or genome retention within capsids. In support of this, more viral genomes were prematurely released into the cytoplasm during pUL21 mutant infection compared to WT infection and led to enhanced activation of cellular cytoplasmic DNA sensors. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis of WT and pUL21 mutant capsids revealed an increased association of the known pUL21 binding protein, pUL16, with pUL21 mutant capsids, suggesting that premature and/or enhanced association of pUL16 with capsids might result in capsid destabilization. Further supporting this idea, deletion of pUL16 from a pUL21 mutant strain rescued genome retention within capsids. Taken together, these findings suggest that pUL21 regulates pUL16 addition to nuclear capsids and that premature, and/or, over-addition of pUL16 impairs HSV genome retention within capsids.ImportancepUL21 is a conserved, multifunctional alphaherpesvirus protein involved in cell-to-cell spread of infection, transport of capsids along microtubules, and regulation of the phosphorylation status of both viral and host proteins. pUL21 thereby controls diverse processes such as nuclear egress of capsids and cellular lipid trafficking. This study provides additional insight into HSV-1 and HSV-2 pUL21 activities and suggests that, by binding pUL16, pUL21 prevents pUL16 from interacting prematurely with nuclear capsids that would otherwise lead to capsid destabilization and premature ejection of viral genomes. Thus, prevention of pUL21 interaction with pUL16 may prove to be a useful strategy for interfering with virion assembly.
Lasting alterations in monocyte and dendritic cell subsets in individuals after hospitalization for COVID-19
Authors: Hopkins Francis R. , Govender Melissa , Svanberg Cecilia , Nordgren Johan , Waller Hjalmar , Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Åsa , Henningsson Anna J. , Hagbom Marie , Sjöwall Johanna , Nyström Sofia , Larsson Marie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAfter more than two years the COVID-19 pandemic continues to burden healthcare systems and economies worldwide, and it is evident that long-term effects of the disease can persist for months post-recovery in some individuals. The activity of myeloid cells such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) is essential for correct mobilization of the innate and adaptive responses to a pathogen. Impaired levels and responses of monocytes and DC to SARS-CoV-2 is likely to be a driving force behind the immune dysregulation that characterizes severe COVID-19. Here, we followed, for 6-7 months, a cohort of COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the early waves of the pandemic. The levels and phenotypes of circulating monocyte and DC subsets were assessed to determine both the early and long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found increased monocyte levels that persisted for 6-7 months, mostly attributed to elevated levels of classical monocytes. While most DC subsets recovered from an initial decrease, we found elevated levels of cDC2/cDC3 at the 6-7 month timepoint. Analysis of functional markers on monocytes and DC revealed sustained reduction in PD-L1 expression but increased CD86 expression across almost all cell types examined. Finally, viral load and CRP correlated to the appearance of circulating antibodies and levels of circulating DC and monocyte subsets, respectively. By elucidating some of the long-term effects that SARS-CoV-2 infection has on these key innate myeloid cells, we have shed more light on how the immune landscape remains affected in the months following severe COVID-19.
Investigating the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes with customer satisfaction: implications for food products
Authors: Malekpour Mehrgan , Yazdani Morteza , Rezvani Hamidreza 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis research aims to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as the relationship between these features and customer satisfaction by confirming the moderating role of competitive intensity.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conceptual and exploratory in nature, drawing on current literature and real-time experience with conceptual framework development. The information was gathered by the face-to-face survey conducted with a sample of products, specialists and customers of the Iranian food industry. A total of 19 Kalleh products and 17 industry experts were selected to identify intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as competition intensity for every product. For investigating the relationship between product attributes and customer satisfaction, 342 customers' viewpoints were received and analyzed.FindingsThe results show that the nature of competition moderates the effects of interaction between product attributes and customer satisfaction. The major findings of this research include (1) when competitive intensity is low, appropriate focus on intrinsic attributes can create better customer satisfaction; (2) When a competitive level is low, better focus on appropriate external attributes can lead to customer satisfaction; and (3) When competitive intensity is high, offering proper external attributes would lead to customer satisfaction if intrinsic attributes are already offered with high quality; (4) When competitive intensity is high and a firm is focusing more on intrinsic attributes, the lack of proper intrinsic attributes can negatively affect repurchase intentions.Originality/valueThe findings of this study can be used as a reference for food companies developing new products in various competitive environments and making the decision whether to focus on intrinsic or extrinsic attributes.
Labour-related factors affecting construction productivity in Sri Lankan building projects: perspectives of engineers and managers
Authors: Manoharan Kesavan , Dissanayake Pujitha , Pathirana Chintha , Deegahawature Dharsana , Silva Renuka 
Published: July 2022

PurposePast studies highlight a wide range of labour-related problems resulting in productivity loss in the construction industry of many developing countries. This study aims to quantify the impacts of labour-related factors on the productivity of construction operations in Sri Lankan building projects based on the viewpoint of engineers and construction managers for upgrading management/organisational policies and practices.Design/methodology/approachQualitative and quantitative approaches were used to identify the critical factors. Further, a series of industry consultative discussions were conducted through problem-based communication approaches to analyse the actions required.FindingsA total of 21 factors were determined as critical, where skills shortage, labourers’ thinking abilities, work experience, knowledge in construction works and discipline were leading in the list. The statistical tests and the experts’ discussion outcomes ensured the validity and reliability of the study findings.Research limitations/implicationsThe study outcomes will contribute to finding out better ways for directing labour in the industry practices and revising organisational policies towards achieving higher productivity levels in construction operations. Though the study findings are limited to the Sri Lankan context, some findings may be tested in other developing countries in similar scenarios.Originality/valueThe study findings show why the identified factors are critical, how those influence construction practices and what actions need to be considered for addressing the industry’s productivity-related challenges. These can play a key role in upgrading the construction management practices and organisational policies to the near-future stages.
Impact of financial distress on investment-cash flow sensitivity: evidence from emerging economy
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Mahakud Jitendra 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of financial distress (FD) on investment-cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) of Indian firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to investigate the effect of FD on ICFS of Indian firms during the period from 2001 to 2019.FindingsUsing FD measures like Ohlson's bankruptcy method, Altman's Z-score model and financial-distress ratio, the researchers find that FD increases ICFS and negatively affects corporate investment. The researchers’ findings explain that FD increases restrictions on external financing, which makes cash flow more important for corporate investment. Additionally, the researchers find that the effects of FD on ICFS are weak (strong) for bigger and group affiliated (smaller and standalone) firms. The study’s findings are robust to several measures of FD, group affiliation and firm size.Practical implicationsFirst, the researchers find that FD affects the ICFS, therefore, financially distressed firms should have sufficient internal funds or external funds for investment. Second, lending agencies should also consider the firms' FD condition before providing funds to secure their money. Third, investors should be very careful while investing in a financially distressed firm as we find that financially distressed firms face a decline in their investment which might reduce firm profitability.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence by analyzing the impact of FD on ICFS in the context of India. As per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first-ever attempt to examine the effect of FD on ICFS.
The social structures of entrepreneurial embeddedness: the influence of market, reciprocity and redistribution
Authors: Corrêa Victor Silva , Cruz Marina de Almeida , Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge , Melo Pedro Lucas de Resende , Lima Rosileine Mendonça de 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Embeddedness has gained prominence in entrepreneurship studies. However, the notion that the embeddedness metaphor relates to “market” structures prevails in studies in the area. Entrepreneurship scholars still know little about whether entrepreneurs are eventually embedded in other structures whose relationships go beyond the restricted dimension of the interested actor’s assumption. This study aims to propose investigating the social structures in which a specific type of entrepreneurship, the religious one, is embedded.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was qualitative, using interviews as an evidence collection instrument. A total of 17 entrepreneur-pastors responsible for business churches in Brazil and eight parishioners took part in the study.

Findings
Religious entrepreneurs are embedded in market structures, corroborating a perspective that associates embeddedness with the utilitarian notion. At the same time, entrepreneurs are embedded in two other social structures: reciprocity and redistribution.

Practical implications
This article emphasizes the relevance of going beyond the predominant perspective associated with the utilitarian and rationalized understanding of embeddedness in relationship networks.

Originality/value
This study makes essential contributions. Initially, it attests to the utilitarian perspective of Granovetter’s embeddedness while suggesting incorporating two other dimensions into the metaphor. By highlighting this, this article stresses the need to reinterpret the metaphor of embeddedness and how entrepreneurship scholars use it. Further, by emphasizing the need to consider embeddedness in networks beyond its still utilitarian perspective, this paper highlights unexplored opportunities for entrepreneurship scholars.
Auditor distraction and audit quality
Authors: Chang Chengyee Janie , Li Yutao , Luo Yan 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how auditors would react when there are exogenous negative shocks to their client portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 31,256 firm-year observations (2001–2016), the authors investigate whether industry shocks to a subset of an auditor’s clients distract the auditor and affect the professional skepticism applied in the audits of other clients.

Findings
The authors find that clients of distracted auditors are more likely to meet or beat analyst consensus forecasts, suggesting that auditors’ professional skepticism is compromised by distractive events. The cross-sectional analyses reveal that the negative impact of the distractive events on audit quality is more pronounced when the distracted auditors audit less important clients, face lower third-party legal liabilities and experience higher growth. Using an alternative measure of audit quality, the additional analysis shows that clients of distracted auditors exhibit a higher probability of restating their earnings in subsequent years. Overall, the empirical evidence suggests that when distracted, auditors render lower quality audit.

Originality/value
The study complements recent work by Cassell et al. (2019), which shows that the 2008–2009 financial crisis affected the quality of the audits of nonbank clients of bank-specialized auditors. While Cassell et al. (2019) focus on one shock (financial crisis) to one industry (i.e. the financial services industry), the study examines more frequent shocks over a wide range of industries to identify the potential effects of distractive events, improving the generalizability of the findings to all industries and all auditors (specialist and nonspecialist) in nonrecession periods.
RsmA3 modulates RpoS through the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway in response to H2O2 stress in the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Yu Xun , Meng Cui , Tan Xiaocheng , Su Yuwei , Cao Zhiping , Hwang Tzann‐Shun , Li Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species are a fatal challenge to the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, we reveal that the global regulatory protein RsmA3 from the RetS‐Gac/Rsm signalling pathway modulates RpoS in the early‐log growth phase in the P. syringae wild‐type strain MB03, thereby regulating oxidative tolerance to H2O2 and ultimately affecting pathogenicity to the host plant. Following increased H2O2 by external addition or endogenous induction by menadione, the resistance of the mutant strain ΔretS to H2O2 is significantly enhanced due to rapid increases in the transcription of Rsm‐related non‐coding small RNAs (nc sRNAs), a sigma factor RpoS, and H2O2‐detoxifying enzymes. Moreover, the ΔretS mutant is significantly less pathogenic in cucumber leaves. Seven Rsm‐related nc sRNAs (namely, rsmZ, rsmY and rsmX1–5) show functional redundancy in the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway. External addition of H2O2 stimulates increases in the transcription of both rsmY and rsmZ. Thus, we propose a regulatory model of the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway in P. syringae MB03 for the regulation of H2O2 tolerance and phytopathogenicity in the host plant.
‘LET'S BEAT CRIME TOGETHER’: Corporate Mobilizations for Security in Karachi
Authors: Gayer Laurent , Russo Sophie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Citizens‐Police Liaison Committee (CPLC) was launched in 1990 by a group of Karachi‐based industrialists, with the aim of improving police performance and restoring public order in Pakistan's major business hub. Over the years, CPLC members developed a unique informational capital as well as analytical and operational skills, which were recognized as a form of expertise by law enforcement agencies and contributed to the entrenchment of the organization into the security state. This corporate mobilization for security, understood as a form of collective action organized by entrepreneurs for the protection of their lives, properties and economic activities, imposed its writ in the city's industrial zones. The expert system of the organization was then repurposed toward the surveillance of factory workers, the defense of industrial order and the regulation of circulatory flows across the estates. By engaging with the growing body of work on the new military urbanism through the lens of the risk‐theory literature on policing, the article aims to contribute to ongoing debates about the transformations of labor relations and urban citizenship under a new regime of securitization fed by ever‐thicker chains of interdependence between capital and coercion.
Identification and characterization of the key volatile flavor compounds in black teas from distinct regions worldwide
Authors: Wang Qiushuang , Qin Dandan , Huang Guozi , Jiang Xiaohui , Fang Kaixing , Wang Qing , Ni Erdong , Li Bo , Pan Chendong , Li Hongjian , Chen Dong , Wu Hualing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVolatile flavor compounds in 112 black teas from seven countries were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC‐MS). Multivariate statistical analysis and odor activity values (OAVs) were used to classify these samples and identify key odorants. A total of 140 volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), including 12 different groups, were identified, and alcohols were prevalent in China and India samples, accounting for 40.83% and 34.96% of the total VFCs, respectively. Eight volatile compounds with OAVs > 1 were identified as key active differential odorants in Chinese, Indian, and Sri Lankan samples, including linalool, pentanoic acid, methyl salicylate, hexanoic acid, 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, phenylethyl alcohol, geraniol, and β‐ionone. Linalool, pentanoic acid, and hexanoic acid in Indian black teas, phenylethyl alcohol in Chinese black teas, and 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, β‐ionone in Sri Lankan black teas could be used to discriminate different black tea groups. A total of 12–14 VFCs with OAVs > 1 were identified as key active aromatics in Chinese black tea sample. Linalool and benzeneacetaldehyde in Yingde (Guangdong) black tea, methyl salicylate in Taiwanese samples, and benzeneacetic acid in Anhui black tea could be used as biomarkers to distinguish them from other Chinese samples. Sensory evaluation results showed that most black teas presented the common sweet, floral odors, which were consistent with GC‐MS analysis. These results will contribute to characterize the odor metabolome of black teas and provide biochemical basis for identifying the authenticity of different black teas.Practical ApplicationLinalool, pentanoic acid, and hexanoic acid in Indian black teas, phenylethyl alcohol in Chinese black teas, 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, β‐ionone, and methyl salicylate in Sri Lankan black teas could be used to discriminate black teas from the three countries. Linalool and benzeneacetaldehyde in Yingde black teas, methyl salicylate in Taiwanese black teas, and benzeneacetic acid in Anhui black tea are the potential biomarkers to distinguish these teas from other Chinese black teas.
Residual neuromuscular blockade in the ICU: a prospective observational study and national survey
Authors: Ross J. , Ramsay D. P. , Sutton‐Smith L. J. , Willink R. D. , Moore J. E. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryResidual neuromuscular blockade is associated with significant morbidity. It has been widely studied in anaesthesia; however, the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in patients managed in the ICU is unknown. We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary ICU to determine the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade using quantitative accelerographic monitoring. We tested for residual neuromuscular blockade (defined as a train‐of‐four ratio < 0.9) before cessation of sedation in anticipation of tracheal extubation. We also surveyed 16 other ICUs in New Zealand to determine their use of neuromuscular monitoring. A total of 191 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence (95%CI) of residual neuromuscular blockade was 43% (36–50%), with a similar incidence observed in non‐postoperative and postoperative patients. There was a lower risk of residual neuromuscular blockade with atracurium than rocuronium (risk ratio (95%CI) of 0.39 (0.12–0.78)) and a higher risk with pancuronium than rocuronium (1.59 (1.06–2.49)). Our survey shows that, in New Zealand ICUs, monitoring of neuromuscular function is rarely carried out before tracheal extubation. When neuromuscular monitoring is undertaken, it is based on individual clinician suspicion and performed using qualitative measurements. No ICU reported using a quantitative monitor or a clinical guideline. The results demonstrate a high incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in our ICU patients and identify the type of neuromuscular blocking drug as a possible risk factor. Monitoring neuromuscular function before tracheal extubation is not currently the standard of care in New Zealand ICUs. These data suggest that residual neuromuscular blockade may be an under‐recognised problem in ICU practice.
Psychomotor development in two‐year‐old Ivorian and Ghanaian children – Psychometric properties of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory
Authors: Barthel Dana , Kriston Levente , Yao Esther Doris , Fordjour Daniel , Armel Koffi Ekissi Jean , Eberhardt Kirsten Alexandra , Hinz Rebecca , Ehrhardt Stephan , Bindt Carola ,   International CDS Study Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe assessment of psychomotor development in young children from low‐ and middle‐income countries is impeded due to the lack of tools specifically designed for these resource‐constrained contexts. This cross‐sectional study aimed at analysing the measurement properties of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory (KDI) in two‐year‐old children. We administered the KDI to 289 children from Côte d'Ivoire and 230 children from Ghana. The postulated internal structure with two first‐order latent variables (locomotor performance and eye‐hand coordination) that loaded on a second‐order latent variable (psychomotor functioning) was supported. The reliability of most factors and scales was sufficient. Interrater reliability of most items was acceptable. Correlations were weak between the scale scores and age and gender, respectively. The findings are limited by the restricted age range of the sample. Overall, the KDI showed promising measurement properties for the assessment of psychomotor performance in children from sub‐Saharan countries.