bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Hyperosmolar Saline to Standard Isotonic Irrigation Fluid for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: Initial Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Oladeji Lasun O. , Stannard James P. , Smith Matthew J. , Ma Richard , Skelley Nathan W. , Sherman Seth L. , Cook James L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerous in vitro studies suggest higher osmolarity irrigation fluids potentiate a chondroprotective environment, and a recent clinical study using hyperosmolar saline for shoulder arthroscopy reported potential clinical advantages. This prospective randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was designed to assess initial clinical outcomes associated with use of a hyperosmolar irrigation solution in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. With institutional review board approval and informed consent, patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery were randomized to surgery with either isotonic lactated Ringer's (273 mOsm/L) or hyperosmolar saline (593 mOsm/L) irrigation solution. Outcomes included perioperative blood pressure, knee girth, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and narcotic pain medication consumption. Forty-six patients underwent arthroscopic knee surgery with isotonic (n = 23) or hyperosmolar (n = 23) irrigation fluids. There were 11 males and 12 females (mean age = 44.0 years) in the isotonic cohort and 8 males and 15 females (mean age = 40.2 years) in the hyperosmolar cohort. There were no significant differences with respect to surgical duration (pump time) or amount of irrigation fluid used between the two cohorts. There were no significant differences with respect to change in knee girth, blood pressure, or VAS pain scores. However, patients treated with hyperosmolar saline consumed less narcotic medication on postoperative day 3 (4.0 ± 7.6 vs. 15.5 ± 17.4 mg, p = 0.01). The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that a hyperosmolar irrigation solution is safe and relatively inexpensive for use in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery and contributes to a reduction in initial postoperative narcotic pain medication consumption. A hyperosmolar saline irrigation fluid was not associated with any detrimental effects on the execution of the surgical procedure, postoperative pain, or periarticular fluid extravasation. Taken together with previous basic science, translational, and clinical studies, hyperosmolar saline irrigation fluid is promising alternative to traditional isotonic irrigation fluids for knee arthroscopy. This study is a prospective trial and reflects level of evidence I.
Gambling with lottery stocks?
Authors: Oehler Andreas , Schneider Julian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we assess whether German private investors gamble in the stock market. Other studies that have analyzed private investors’ preferences with regard to lottery-like characteristics have used retail or discount brokerage data. They have shown that stock trading has common entertainment features with traditional gambling. In particular, clients of discount brokers may invest for speculative purposes and thus have disproportional preferences for lottery-like characteristics. In consequence, assessing preferences by solely using a subset of investors—associated brokerage clients—may lead to substantially biased results. We assess this issue by using SHS-base data from Deutsche Bundesbank which captures the aggregate holdings of the German private sector. In line with the research, we find that German private investors overinvest in stocks with lottery-like features. Yet, when assessing the economic significance of the aggregate overinvestment, the effect is negligible. Further, we do not find consistent evidence of skewness that positively affects the aggregate holdings of the private sector. As studies have identified preferences for skewness as a driving force for retail investors’ stock purchases, our results challenge the preconceived notion of which characteristics actually induce (disproportional) private sector investments.
Gender diversity of research consortia contributes to funding decisions in a multi-stage grant peer-review process
Authors: Bianchini Stefano , Llerena Patrick , Öcalan-Özel Sıla , Özel Emre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study seeks to draw connections between the grant proposal peer-review and the gender representation in research consortia. We examined the implementation of a multi-disciplinary, pan-European funding scheme—EUROpean COllaborative RESearch Scheme (2003–2015)—and the reviewers’ materials that this generated. EUROCORES promoted investigator-driven, multinational collaborative research in multiple scientific areas and brought together 9158 Principal Investigators (PI) who teamed up in 1347 international consortia that were sequentially evaluated by 467 expert panel members and 1862 external reviewers. We found systematically unfavourable evaluations for consortia with a higher proportion of female PIs. This gender effect was evident in the evaluation outcomes of both panel members and reviewers: applications from consortia with a higher share of female scientists were less successful in panel selection and received lower scores from external reviewers. Interestingly, we found a systematic discrepancy between the evaluative language of written review reports and the scores assigned by reviewers that works against consortia with a higher share of female participants. Reviewers did not perceive female scientists as being less competent in their comments, but they were negatively sensitive to a high female ratio within a consortium when scoring the proposed research project.
Effect of optical lattice field on characteristics of a clock transition in thulium atoms
Authors: Mishin D.A. , Provorchenko D.I. , Tregubov D.O. , Golovizin A.A. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Sorokin V.N. , Kolachevsky N.N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the effect of the optical lattice field on clock transition spectroscopy, as exemplified by thulium atoms. We consider the applicability of the sifting of atoms in an optical lattice by ramping down the power of the laser light that produces it. This method allows the number of filled vibrational sublevels to be reduced down to a single vibrational state, without changing the inner state of the atoms. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by the example of the spectroscopy of a clock transition in thulium atoms in the resolved sideband regime.
Screening membraneless organelle participants with machine-learning models that integrate multimodal features
Authors: Chen Zhaoming , Hou Chao , Wang Liang , Yu Chunyu , Chen Taoyu , Shen Boyan , Hou Yaoyao , Li Pilong , Li Tingting 
Published: June 2022

Protein self-assembly is one of the formation mechanisms of biomolecular condensates. However, most phase-separating systems (PS) demand multiple partners in biological conditions. In this study, we divided PS proteins into two groups according to the mechanism by which they undergo PS: PS-Self proteins can self-assemble spontaneously to form droplets, while PS-Part proteins interact with partners to undergo PS. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed differences in the sequence pattern between the two protein groups. Existing PS predictors, when evaluated on two test protein sets, preferentially predicted self-assembling proteins. Thus, a comprehensive predictor is required. Herein, we propose that properties other than sequence composition can provide crucial information in screening PS proteins. By incorporating phosphorylation frequencies and immunofluorescence image-based droplet-forming propensity with other PS-related features, we built two independent machine-learning models to separately predict the two protein categories. Results of independent testing suggested the superiority of integrating multimodal features. We performed experimental verification on the top-scored proteins DHX9,
K
i
-67, and NIFK. Their PS behavior in vitro revealed the effectiveness of our models in PS prediction. Further validation on the proteome of membraneless organelles confirmed the ability of our models to identify PS-Part proteins. We implemented a web server named PhaSePred (
http://predict.phasep.pro/
) that incorporates our two models together with representative PS predictors. PhaSePred displays proteome-level quantiles of different features, thus profiling PS propensity and providing crucial information for identification of candidate proteins.
Detection of middle-ear muscle reflex activation using changes in otoacoustic emission stimulus amplitude versus absorbance
Authors: Mertes Ian B. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) reduces cochlear amplifier gain, which may be beneficial for hearing in noise. Additionally, measurement of the MOCR may be diagnostically useful in the audiology clinic. The MOCR can be measured as the change in transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) amplitude without versus with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). However, CAS can activate the middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR) which can confound the MOCR results. MEMR activation has been assessed using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without versus with CAS. As an initial investigation, the current study compared detection of MEMR activation using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude to changes in wideband absorbance.

Methods
In 26 normal-hearing participants, the MEMR was measured as the change in absorbance and as the change in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without and with CAS. Percentile critical differences were developed from the test-retest measurements. Measures of agreement between MEMR detection methods were computed.

Results
CAS resulted in a larger number of participants exceeding the 95th percentile critical difference for absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude (22 versus 1). Agreement between methods was low.

Conclusion
Initial results indicated that MEMR was detectable in a larger number of participants when using absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude. However, future work could better equate the two methods and include measurement of MEMR thresholds to determine optimal methods for detecting MEMR activation during MOCR assessments.
Cosmological global dynamical systems analysis
Authors: Alho Artur , Lim Woei Chet , Uggla Claes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider a dynamical systems formulation for models with an exponential scalar field and matter with a linear equation of state in a spatially flat and isotropic spacetime. In contrast to earlier work, which only considered linear hyperbolic fixed point analysis, we do a center manifold analysis of the non-hyperbolic fixed points associated with bifurcations. More importantly though, we construct monotonic functions and a Dulac function. Together with the complete local fixed point analysis this leads to proofs that describe the entire global dynamics of these models, thereby complementing previous local results in the literature.
Computing the quasinormal modes and eigenfunctions for the Teukolsky equation using horizon penetrating, hyperboloidally compactified coordinates
Authors: Ripley Justin L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the quasinormal mode eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Teukolsky equation in a horizon penetrating, hyperboloidally compactified coordinate system. Following earlier work by Zenginoğlu (2011 Phys. Rev. D
83 127502), we show that the quasinormal eigenfunctions (QNEs) for the Teukolsky equation are regular from the black hole horizon to future null infinity in these coordinates. We then present several example QNE solutions, and study some of their properties in the near-extremal Kerr limit.
Trajectory of a ball on an inclined plane
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The trajectory of a ball rolling across an inclined plane was recorded on video film to determine if it followed a parabolic path as others have suggested. The challenges in this case were (a) to determine the magnitude and direction of the friction force on the ball, (b) to determine the effect of the friction force on the trajectory and (c) to explain why the rotation axis of the ball rotates as it rolls up and down the incline. The experiment is a simple extension of standard inclined plane experiments but with the extra pedagogical feature that angular velocity sometimes needs to be treated as a vector quantity.
A single collision between three objects cannot be described using only two conservation equations
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A collision of one object with two or more objects is relatively complicated in general, but a simple example is provided by Newton’s cradle since all the objects are identical and in line. In the present paper, an experiment is described where a heavy mallet collides head-on with two billiard balls. The two conservation equations indicate that many different outcomes are possible. The experimental results are surprising but can be explained in terms of the relative mass and stiffness of the mallet and the balls.
A computational study of steady and stagnating positive streamers in N2–O2 mixtures
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Guo Baohong , Sun Anbang , Ebert Ute , Teunissen Jannis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we address two main topics: steady propagation fields for positive streamers in air and streamer deceleration in fields below the steady propagation field. We generate constant-velocity positive streamers in air with an axisymmetric fluid model, by initially adjusting the applied voltage based on the streamer velocity. After an initial transient, we observe steady propagation for velocities of 3 × 104 m s−1 to 1.2 × 105 m s−1, during which streamer properties and the background field do not change. This propagation mode is not fully stable, in the sense that a small change in streamer properties or background field eventually leads to acceleration or deceleration. An important finding is that faster streamers are able to propagate in significantly lower background fields than slower ones, indicating that there is no unique stability field. We relate the streamer radius, velocity, maximal electric field and background electric field to a characteristic time scale for the loss of conductivity. This relation is qualitatively confirmed by studying streamers in N2–O2 mixtures with less oxygen than air. In such mixtures, steady streamers require lower background fields, due to a reduction in the attachment and recombination rates. We also study the deceleration of streamers, which is important to predict how far they can propagate in a low field. Stagnating streamers are simulated by applying a constant applied voltage. We show how the properties of these streamers relate to the steady cases, and present a phenomenological model with fitted coefficients that describes the evolution of the velocity and radius. Finally, we compare the lengths of the stagnated streamers with predictions based on the conventional stability field.
Theoretical study of potential n-type and p-type dopants in GaN from data mining and first-principles calculation
Authors: Zhao Zhi-hao , Xue Feng-ning , Zhao Peng-bo , Lu Yong , Zhang Ji-cai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Impurity doping is one of the important means to control the physical properties of intrinsic semiconductors. By combining data mining and first principles calculation, a series of potential dopable elements in gallium nitride (GaN) were predicted by Shannon radius and probability model methods in this study. The Shannon radius difference and replacement probability were used as the criterion to screen the dopable elements and a total of 36 dopants were predicted. Then the structural stability and electronic structure of these doped structures were systematically studied by the first principles calculations. Among these dopants, the defect formation energy of 14 kinds is less than 3 eV, namely O

N

, Zr

G
a

, Ti

G
a

, Si

G
a

, F

N

, Ge

G
a

, Nb

G
a

, S

N

, Se

N

for n-type and Be

G
a

, Mg

G
a

, Ca

G
a

, Zn

G
a

and Mn

G
a

for p-type. In these potential doping systems, the changes of electronic structure can be divided into two types according to whether the impurity energy level is introduced or not. The doping of Ti

G
a

, Nb

G
a

, F

N

and Mn

G
a

can introduce significant impurity levels in the band gap, the electrons of which are directly involved in the carrier transition. For other dopants, no obvious impurity energy level is introduced in the band gap. Compared with the undoped GaN, the electronic density of states of the doped systems are significantly enhanced at the conduction band minimum. These results are expected to provide an effective theoretical reference for the experimental screening of appropriate GaN dopants
Study of Pharmaceutical Samples using Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Authors: Dwivedi Vishal , Chauhan Prerna , Maurya Gulab Singh , Roldán Alicia Marín , Veis Pavel , Pathak Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The growth of the pharmaceutical industry to keep pace with the well-being of humans worldwide has posed many challenges related to quality control. This paper reports on the potential application of a modern optical spectroscopic technique popularly known as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to address some quality aspects such as the sample constituents, hardness, and classification of five different pharmaceutical samples. The surface analysis of these samples has been carried out using optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The LIBS spectra of different pharmaceutical samples of different brands have been recorded in air at atmospheric pressure using a high-energy Nd:YAG laser and an echelle spectrometer coupled with an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The LIBS spectrum provides the spectral signatures of lighter elements like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and the CN violet band, along with inorganic elements like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), etc. Two different multivariate analysis methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN), have been employed with the LIBS spectral data matrix to obtain the classification of these samples. OM and AFM were used to investigate the surface quality of the tablets, which helps the pharmaceutical industry in increasing the life of pharmaceutical products. The LIBS-based hardness of the sample matrices is estimated, and a correlation has been established with AFM-based RMS roughness. The results illustrate the strength of the LIBS coupled with multivariate analysis like PCA and ANN for a rapid and reliable analysis of pharmaceutical products. Also, LIBS coupled with OM and AFM might be an effective way to address surface quality aspects of pharmaceutical samples.
Nuclear 0ν2β decays in B-L symmetric SUSY model and in TeV scale left–right symmetric model
Authors: Yang Jin-Lei , Chang Chao-Hsi , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we take the B-L supersymmetric standard model (B-LSSM) and TeV scale left–right symmetric model (LRSM) as two representations of the two kinds of new physics models to study the nuclear neutrinoless double beta decays (0ν2β) so as to see the senses onto these two kinds of models when the decays are taken into account additionally. Within the parameter spaces allowed by all the existing experimental data, the decay half-life of the nucleus 76Ge and 136Xe,

T

1

/

2

0
ν

(76Ge, 136Xe), is precisely calculated and the results are presented properly. Based on the numerical results, we conclude that there is greater room for LRSM type models than for B-LSSM type models in foreseeable future experimental observations on the decays.
Toy model that explains the regulation of cholesterol on lipid rafts
Authors: Lyu Dongyu , Wei Tanlin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cholesterol, as a common lipid on mammalian cell membranes, plays an important role in the formation of lipid rafts. Recent experiments suggest that the strength of cholesterol’s regulation on lipid rafts can be affected by the length of the unsaturated phospholipid acyl chain on the membrane. In order to understand this observation, a simplified toy model containing three different molecules is proposed in this paper, where the tail length of phospholipids is considered. This model shows the regulation of membrane cholesterol on the phase separation of the lipid mixture and the formation of nano-domains, and also suggests that the configuration entropy of phospholipid tails is an essential factor.
YFPOL: A Linear Polarimeter of Lijiang 2.4 m Telescope
Authors: Xin Yu-Xin , Bai Jin-Ming , Qu Zhong-Quan , Xu Zhi , Mao Ji-Rong , Ye Kai , Lun Bao-Li , Ding Xu , Liu Hong-Tao , Zhong Yue , Fan Yu-Feng , Yu Xiao-Guang , Xu Liang , Dong Xiao-Bo , Wang Jian-Guo , Xiong Ding-Rong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polarimetry plays an important role in investigating physical properties for celestial objects. We present a polarimeter named YFPOL for the Cassegrain focus of the Lijiang 2.4 m Telescope (LJT) of Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. YFPOL is a traditional single-beam polarimeter with a rotating polarizer. As the focal-reducer instrument Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) is always positioned on the Cassegrain focal plane of LJT, we develop two sets of ultra-thin (thickness <12 mm) polarizer rotation control systems with wireless charging and control functions, which are suitable for mounting on the two front-wheels of YFOSC. One set is used as the polarimetric calibration unit, and the other is for the polarimetric modulation unit. Both of the polarizers have an ultra-high contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1 in the optical band. We investigate the instrumental polarization characteristics (IPCs) in the full field of view that is transferred from YFOSC. Furthermore, we identify that the IPCs change when the Cassegrain axis rotates. The spurious polarization from the IPCs can be effectively minimized by flat-fielding using the unpolarized domeflat, when the Cassegrain rotation angle is the same or nearest to that of the polarization observation. We develop a quasi-automatic pipeline for YFPOL and its effectiveness has been verified by tests of the polarimetric observation with blazar S5 0716+714. The calibration is performed by observing the zero-polarized and highly-polarized standard stars. We successfully reach high precision polarization in the

7
′

field of view, and the systematic uncertainty is below 0.8% for a V = 11.68 target with a 10 s exposure. The instrument polarization angle offset is 2.°6. YFPOL is not only a simple polarimeter, but also a spectropolarimeter with grisms that can be considered in the future.