bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of patients with heart failure with medicines at transition intervention: Findings from the process evaluation of the Improving the Safety and Continuity of Medicines management at Transitions of care (ISCOMAT) programme
Authors: Powell Catherine , Ismail Hanif , Davis Maureen , Taylor Andrew , Breen Liz , Fylan Beth , Alderson Sarah L. , Gale Chris P. , Kellar Ian , Silcock Jonathan , Alldred David P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedicines are often suboptimally managed for heart failure patients across the transition from hospital to home, potentially leading to poor patient outcomes. The Improving the Safety and Continuity Of Medicines management at Transitions of care programme included: understanding the problems faced by patients and healthcare professionals; developing and co‐designing the Medicines at Transitions of care Intervention (MaTI); a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a complex behavioural MaTI aimed at improving medicines management at the interface between hospitals discharge and community care for patients with heart failure; and a process evaluation. The MaTI included a patient‐held My Medicines Toolkit; enhanced communication between the hospital and the patient's community pharmacist and increased engagement of the community pharmacist postdischarge. This paper reports on the patients' experiences of the MaTI and its implementation from the process evaluation.DesignTwenty one‐to‐one semi‐structured patient interviews from six intervention sites were conducted between November 2018 and January 2020. Data were analysed using the Framework method, involving patients as co‐analysts. Interview data were triangulated with routine trial data, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and a logic model.ResultsWithin the hospital setting patients engaged with the toolkit according to whether staff raised awareness of the My Medicines Toolkit's importance and the time and place of its introduction. Patients' engagement with community pharmacy depended on their awareness of the community pharmacist's role, support sources and perceptions of involvement in medicines management. The toolkit's impact on patients' medicines management at home included reassurance during gaps in care, increased knowledge of medicines, enhanced ability to monitor health and seek support and supporting sharing medicines management between formal and informal care networks.ConclusionMany patients perceived that the MaTI offered them support in their medicines management when transitioning from hospital into the community. Importantly, it can be incorporated into and built upon patients' lived experiences of heart failure. Key to its successful implementation is the quality of engagement of healthcare professionals in introducing the intervention.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in the study design, as qualitative data co‐analysts and as co‐authors.
Stem cell factor/mast cell/CCL2/monocyte/macrophage axis promotes Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis by increasing Ly6Chigh monocyte influx and fibrogenic mediators production
Authors: Luo Yuan , Zhang Hongkai , Yu Jie , Wei Lin , Li Min , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMast cells (MCs), central players in allergy and parasitic infections, play key roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Here, the impact of MCs on the progression of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced viral myocarditis (VMC) and fibrosis was investigated using MC‐deficient KitW‐sh mice. Viral titres, cellular infiltrates and heart pathologies were evaluated and compared with wild‐type (WT) mice during acute CVB3 infection of C57BL/6 mice. CVB3 infection induced an increased accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the hearts of mice during acute infection. MC‐deficient KitW‐sh mice had slightly higher viral titres, decreased VMC and cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac dysfunction compared to WT mice via decreasing cardiac influx of Ly6Chigh monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφ). While bone marrow‐derived MC reconstitution decreased viral titre and worsened improved survival and VMC severity in Wsh mice. MC‐fibroblasts co‐culture revealed a cardiac MC‐fibroblasts crosstalk during early infection: fibroblasts trigger MC degranulation and secretion of CCL2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) via producing early stem cell factor (SCF); while MCs‐fibrogenic mediators (TNF‐α) stimulate fibroblasts to increase CCL2, α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen and transforming growth factor beta（TGFβ) expression, thus aggravating cardiac fibrosis. MCs and fibroblast‐derived CCL2s are both essential for cardiac Ly6Chigh Mo/Mφ influx. Administration of recombinant mouse SCF to CVB3‐infected mice aggravates VMC via accelerating MCs accumulation and cardiac influx of Ly6Chi Mo/Mφ. Collectively, our data highlight an early MC‐fibroblast crosstalk and SCF/MC/CCL2/Mo/Mφ axis as important mechanisms required for triggering VMC and myocardial fibrosis. This finding indicates critical roles of MCs in initiating and modulating cardiac innate response to CVB3 and has an implication in developing new and more effective treatments for VMC.
Genomic diversity, virulence and source of Campylobacter jejuni contamination in Irish poultry slaughterhouses by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Prendergast Deirdre M. , Lynch Helen , Whyte Paul , Golden Olwen , Murphy Declan , Gutierrez Montserrat , Cummins Juliana , Johnston Dayle , Bolton Declan , Coffey Aidan , Lucey Brigid , O'Connor Lisa , Byrne William 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim was to exploit whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess genomic diversity, identify virulence genes and deduce the proportion of Campylobacter colonized broilers that directly contaminate their carcasses.

Methods and Results
Campylobacter jejuni isolates (107) from caeca and carcass neck skin samples (50 pairs from the same batch plus 7 individual caeca) sampled at three poultry slaughterhouses over a one-year period were selected for sequencing (MiSeq; Illumina). FastQ files were submitted to BioNumerics for analysis using the wgMLST scheme for allele calling. Campylobacter cgMLST and hierarchical clustering was performed by applying the single linkage algorithm. Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into clonal complexes (CCs) using the Campylobacter PubMLST.org database. Virulence genes were determined by downloading core sequences from the virulence factor database (VFDB) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A high degree of diversity was observed with 23 different STs identified. ST257 and CC-21 were the most common STs and CCs, respectively. cgMLST analysis suggested that 56% of carcass contamination was a direct result of contamination from caeca from the same batch. Virulence genes known to play a role in human C. jejuni infection were identified such as the wlaN gene and the genes associated with lipooligosaccharide synthesis, which were identified in 30% of isolates.

Conclusions
Caecal colonization was the more plausible occurring source of C. jejuni contamination of broiler carcasses, compared with cross-contamination from another batch or the environment. The high rate of genetic diversity observed amongst caecal isolates is consistent with a wide variety of Campylobacter strains circulating in poultry flocks in Ireland.

Significance and Impact of Study
The results will further inform broiler processors and regulators about the influence and importance of on-farm colonization versus slaughterhouse cross-contamination and the relationship between C. jejuni in caeca and carcasses during processing.
Perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men in Hong Kong
Authors: Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Choi Kitty Wai Ying , Lee Jung Jae , Lok Kris Yuet Wan , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Wong William Chi Wai , Chow Eric Pui Fung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong.DesignThe study adopted a qualitative descriptive design with thematic analysis.MethodsThirty‐one Chinese MSM were recruited in Hong Kong from May to June 2019 using purposive sampling. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The interview data were transcribed verbatim from the recordings and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) different forms of sexual violence, from physical to virtual; (2) inner struggles with fears and worry; (3) low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence – ‘it has nothing to do with me’ and (4) dilemma towards sexual violence prevention.ConclusionThe study provided qualitative evidence regarding the experiences and perceptions of sexual violence among Chinese MSM in Hong Kong. Physical and image‐based forms of sexual violence were identified, which led the participants to experience psychological distress, fear of contracting human immunodeficiency virus/other sexually transmitted infections, notoriety within the gay community, and discrimination and stigmatization within their family and workplace. To reduce the risk of sexual violence, some participants were cautious about the venue in which they engaged in sex and the habit of sharing sexually explicit photos with others. However, some participants had low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence.ImpactsThis study was the first to fill the research gap on sexual violence issues among Chinese MSM using dating apps in Hong Kong. The qualitative findings enhanced the scholarly understanding of Chinese MSM's perceptions and experiences of sexual violence. The study findings can help nursing staff and other healthcare professionals to develop tailored primary, secondary and tertiary sexual violence prevention programmes for MSM or beyond.
A commentary on the challenges for nurses in identifying and responding to intimate partner violence amongst gay and bisexual men
Authors: Callan Aisling , Corbally Melissa , McElvaney Rosaleen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis commentary elucidates the challenges for nurses in effectively identifying and supporting gay and bisexual men who experience intimate partner violence and offers guidance for education, training and practice to nurses when responding to patients who may be experiencing intimate partner violence.DesignThe commentary highlights issues raised by Callan et al.’s (2020) scoping review, translating the experiences of male sexual minorities undergoing abuse to a nursing context, in particular, issues such as homophobic remarks and heteronormative practices in health care and nursing‐led environments militate against the identification of individuals who may be experiencing coerced sexual risk‐taking, homophobia and sexual orientation outing.ResultsIntimate partner violence is a widespread issue that permeates across heterosexual and LGBTQ+ communities, while impressing on the everyday realities of nurses. The potential for discrimination against sexual minority patients may be offset by improving training, education and offering recommendations for nurses in how to identify IPV and how to assess risk.ConclusionsNurses possess essential training and transferable skills such as empathy, adaptability, active listening and diplomacy and are ideally placed to facilitate disclosure of intimate partner violence. Gaps in knowledge, training and organizational support for nurses may be effectively addressed through drawing on extant research and international best practice guidelines.ImpactSuggestions for research, education and practice to identify gay and bisexual male survivors, intervene appropriately and avoid missed disclosure opportunities are made. We conclude with a table of recommendations with a view to enhancing the essential response of nurses in addressing intimate partner violence in marginalized communities.
A stigmatizing dilemma in the labour room: Irrationality or selfishness?
Authors: Ballesteros Virginia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, a considerable number of women have a negative or outright traumatic birth experience. Literature shows that being involved in decision‐making and exercising autonomy are important factors in having a positive birth experience. In this article, I explore the hypothesis that some views characteristic of the biomedical model of childbirth may hinder women's involvement in decision‐making, leading them to what I have dubbed as a ‘stigmatizing dilemma’; that is, to be perceived and treated as either irrational or selfish when trying to exercise their autonomy in the labour room. I suggest that such a stigmatizing dilemma arises when the following views are uncritically and unqualifiedly endorsed: (1) childbirth is a process fraught with risk, particularly to babies; (2) labouring women's reports are unreliable and their subjective perspective does not constitute a valuable source of information; (3) medical knowledge and procedures are the safest means to give birth. In a scenario where (1)–(3) are strongly endorsed, if birthing women act according to instrumental rationality and want the best for their babies, they will be expected to just leave decisions to medical experts. Thus, not following expert directions might lead women to fall under the stigma of either irrationality or selfishness: they could be perceived and treated as either irrational, since they may not seem to seek the best means to accomplish their goal; or selfish, since they may seem to pursue goals other than the baby's health. I examine these stigmas in relation to two ideals: that of disembodied rationality and that of selfless motherhood. I also explore different ways in which the views and prejudices underlying this stigmatizing dilemma could be challenged.
What would it take to establish a take‐back scheme for fishing gear? Insights from a comparative analysis of fishing gear and beverage containers
Authors: Nogueira Leticia Antunes , Kringelum Louise Brøns , Olsen Julia , Jørgensen Finn Arne , Vangelsten Bjørn Vidar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem of marine litter represents a significant global challenge and illustrates the harmful consequences of an economic model that is based on disposability. The seafood sector is not only among the culprits, but is also among the most affected by this threat to the marine environment. Earlier research has pointed to fishing gear take‐back schemes as a measure to mitigate the problem, and policymakers have embraced the idea. The Norwegian scheme for beverage containers has been hailed as a benchmark for the application of Extended Producer Responsibility. Through the lens of business ecosystems, we draw parallels between the existing take‐back scheme for beverage containers and the latent system for fishing gear to answer the question: “What would it take to establish a take‐back scheme for fishing gear?”We elaborate upon four factors that are well established for beverage container take‐back schemes, but lacking or unclear in the case of fishing gear: (i) politico‐institutional support, (ii) the system's value proposition, (iii) the system integrator, and (iv) operational factors (i.e., a network of collection points and procedures, and material variety and complexity). Our findings highlight that when innovations are not based on the usual market mechanisms, unconventional conceptualizations of value itself and how value is mapped and distributed are required. Meaningful engagement of the private sector depends upon either explicit articulation of value capture or policy instruments to enforce responsibility; both are currently either unclear or lacking in the context of fishing gear.
Cross‐talk between neurosteroid and endocannabinoid systems in cannabis addiction
Authors: Raux Pierre‐Louis , Vallée Monique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSteroids and endocannabinoids are part of two modulatory systems and some evidence has shown their interconnections in several functions. Homeostasis is a common steady‐state described in the body, which is settled by regulatory systems to counterbalance deregulated or allostatic set points towards an equilibrium. This regulation is of primary significance in the central nervous system for maintaining neuronal plasticity and preventing brain‐related disorders. In this context, the recent discovery of the shutdown of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) overload by the neurosteroid pregnenolone has highlighted new endogenous mechanisms of ECS regulation related to cannabis‐induced intoxication. These mechanisms involve a regulatory loop mediated by overactivation of the central type‐1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), which triggers the production of its own regulator, pregnenolone. Therefore, this highlights a new process of regulation of steroidogenesis in the brain. Pregnenolone, long considered an inactive precursor of neurosteroids, can then act as an endogenous negative allosteric modulator of CB1R. The present review aims to shed light on a new framework for the role of ECS in the addictive characteristics of cannabis with the novel endogenous mechanism of ECS involving the neurosteroid pregnenolone. In addition, this new endogenous regulatory loop could provide a relevant therapeutic model in the current context of increasing recreational and medical use of cannabis.
Mechanistic insights into the primary and secondary alterations of renal ion and water transport in the distal nephron
Authors: Tabibzadeh Nahid , Crambert Gilles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe kidneys, by equilibrating the outputs to the inputs, are essential for maintaining the constant volume, pH, and electrolyte composition of the internal milieu. Inability to do so, either because of internal kidney dysfunction (primary alteration) or because of some external factors (secondary alteration), leads to pathologies of varying severity, leading to modification of these parameters and affecting the functions of other organs. Alterations of the functions of the collecting duct (CD), the most distal part of the nephron, have been extensively studied and have led to a better diagnosis, better management of the related diseases, and the development of therapeutic tools. Thus, dysfunctions of principal cell–specific transporters such as ENaC or AQP2 or its receptors (mineralocorticoid or vasopressin receptors) caused by mutations or by compounds present in the environment (lithium, antibiotics, etc.) have been demonstrated in a variety of syndromes (Liddle, pseudohypoaldosteronism type‐1, diabetes insipidus, etc.) affecting salt, potassium, and water balance. In parallel, studies on specific transporters (H+‐ATPase, anion exchanger 1) in intercalated cells have revealed the mechanisms of related tubulopathies like distal renal distal tubular acidosis or Sjögren syndrome. In this review, we will recapitulate the mechanisms of most of the primary and secondary alteration of the ion transport system of the CD to provide a better understanding of these diseases and highlight how a targeted perturbation may affect many different pathways due to the strong crosstalk and entanglements between the different actors (transporters, cell types).
Effect of different cleansing methods on the artificially aged bond strength of resin to contaminated zirconia: A systematic review
Authors: Feiz Atiyeh , Rastghalam Niki , Swift Edward J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this review was to evaluate studies investigating the effect of cleansing methods on the artificially aged bond strength of resin to contaminated zirconia restorations and determine which cleansing method of contaminated zirconia for resin bonding improvement is more efficient.MethodsAn electronic search of published studies in English language was carried out until July 2021 on Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline databases. Data from in vitro studies involving the evaluation of the artificially aged bond strength of resin to contaminated zirconia following different cleansing methods were included. In vitro studies in which samples were not subjected to at least 5000 thermocycles, were excluded.ResultsOf 162 articles retrieved initially, 19 were eligible to be included in the systematic review, of which 5 articles were excluded. Therefore, the final sample was 14 in vitro studies. All of the included studies for air abrasion suggested this method as an effective cleansing method, but 6 of 8 included studies reported cleaning paste (Ivoclean) as an effective cleansing method. All of the included studies for NaOCl and a cleaning gel (AD Gel) reported their efficacy. Finally, the results of included studies showed the ineffectiveness of phosphoric acid, water, isopropanol, enzymatic detergents, hydrogen peroxide, and acetone.ConclusionsAir abrasion has been reported as an effective cleansing method to improve the bond strength of resin to contaminated zirconia. To improve the effectiveness of cleaning paste in resin bonding, another efficient cleansing method should be followed after this method. However, the superior cleaning potential of air abrasion rather than cleaning paste has been reported. Sodium hypochlorite and cleaning gel seem to be as effective as air abrasion, but extensive water‐rinsing is necessary after the application of these cleaning agents.
Species traits interact with stress level to determine intraspecific facilitation and competition
Authors: Sarneel Judith M. , Hefting Mariet M. , Visser Eric J. W. , Díaz‐Sierra Rubén , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. , Kowalchuk George A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuestionsFlooding and drought stress are expected to increase significantly across the world and plant responses to these abiotic changes may be mediated by plant–plant interactions. Stress tolerance and recovery often require a biomass investment that may have consequences for these plant–plant interactions. Therefore, we questioned whether phenotypic plasticity in response to flooding and drought affected the balance between competition and facilitation for species with specific adaptations to drought or flooding.LocationUtrecht University.MethodsStem elongation, root porosity, root:shoot ratio and biomass production were measured for six species during drought, well‐drained and submerged conditions when grown alone or together with conspecifics. We quantified competition and facilitation as the ‘neighbour intensity effect’ directly after the 10‐day treatment and again after a seven‐day recovery period in well‐drained conditions.ResultsWater stress, planting density and species identity interactively affected standardized stem elongation in a way that could lead to facilitation during submergence for species that preferably grow in wet soils. Root porosity was affected by the interaction between neighbour presence and time‐step. Plant traits were only slightly affected during drought. The calculated neighbour interaction effect indicated facilitation for wetland species during submerged conditions and, after a period to recover from flooding, for species that prefer dry habitats.ConclusionsOur results imply that changing plant–plant interactions in response to submergence and to a lesser extent to drought should be considered when predicting vegetation dynamics due to changing hydroclimatic regimes. Moreover, facilitation during a recovery period may enable species maladapted to flooding to persist.