bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of IPSAS Adoption on Governance Quality: Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Tawiah Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use large panel data of 107 developed and developing countries to examine the impact of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) adoption on governance quality. Our results show that IPSAS has a positive and significant influence on governance quality, suggesting that IPSAS ensure accountability and transparency between the government and its citizens. However, we find that the positive effect of IPSAS is limited to developing countries. The findings provide empirical evidence to policymakers and regulators in their pursuit of global harmonisation of governmental accounting through the adoption of IPSAS, especially in developing countries.
Assessing Organizational Readiness to Change through a Framework Applied to Hospitals
Authors: Gabutti Irene , Colizzi Christian , Sanna Tommaso 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and managing hospital Organizational Readiness to Change is a key topic with strong practical implications on society worldwide. This study provides, through a scoping literature review, a framework aimed at creating a road map for hospital managers who are implementing strategic processes of change. Ideally, the framework should act as a check-list to proactively detect those items that are likely to impede successful change. 146 items were identified and clustered into 9 domains. Finally, although built for the hospital setting, similar research approaches could be highly effective also in other large, public organizations.
Deep learning-based image processing in optical microscopy
Authors: Melanthota Sindhoora Kaniyala , Gopal Dharshini , Chakrabarti Shweta , Kashyap Anirudh Ameya , Radhakrishnan Raghu , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical microscopy has emerged as a key driver of fundamental research since it provides the ability to probe into imperceptible structures in the biomedical world. For the detailed investigation of samples, a high-resolution image with enhanced contrast and minimal damage is preferred. To achieve this, an automated image analysis method is preferable over manual analysis in terms of both speed of acquisition and reduced error accumulation. In this regard, deep learning (DL)-based image processing can be highly beneficial. The review summarises and critiques the use of DL in image processing for the data collected using various optical microscopic techniques. In tandem with optical microscopy, DL has already found applications in various problems related to image classification and segmentation. It has also performed well in enhancing image resolution in smartphone-based microscopy, which in turn enablse crucial medical assistance in remote places.
Graphical abstract
Engineered Molecular Therapeutics Targeting Fibrin and the Coagulation System: a Biophysical Perspective
Authors: Risser Fanny , Urosev Ivan , López-Morales Joanan , Sun Yang , Nash Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coagulation cascade represents a sophisticated and highly choreographed series of molecular events taking place in the blood with important clinical implications. One key player in coagulation is fibrinogen, a highly abundant soluble blood protein that is processed by thrombin proteases at wound sites, triggering self-assembly of an insoluble protein hydrogel known as a fibrin clot. By forming the key protein component of blood clots, fibrin acts as a structural biomaterial with biophysical properties well suited to its role inhibiting fluid flow and maintaining hemostasis. Based on its clinical importance, fibrin is being investigated as a potentially valuable molecular target in the development of coagulation therapies. In this topical review, we summarize our current understanding of the coagulation cascade from a molecular, structural and biophysical perspective. We highlight single-molecule studies on proteins involved in blood coagulation and report on the current state of the art in directed evolution and molecular engineering of fibrin-targeted proteins and polymers for modulating coagulation. This biophysical overview will help acclimatize newcomers to the field and catalyze interdisciplinary work in biomolecular engineering toward the development of new therapies targeting fibrin and the coagulation system.
Evaluating data-driven algorithms for predicting mechanical properties with small datasets: A case study on gear steel hardenability
Authors: Nenchev Bogdan , Tao Qing , Dong Zihui , Panwisawas Chinnapat , Li Haiyang , Tao Biao , Dong Hongbiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData-driven algorithms for predicting mechanical properties with small datasets are evaluated in a case study on gear steel hardenability. The limitations of current data-driven algorithms and empirical models are identified. Challenges in analysing small datasets are discussed, and solution is proposed to handle small datasets with multiple variables. Gaussian methods in combination with novel predictive algorithms are utilized to overcome the challenges in analysing gear steel hardenability data and to gain insight into alloying elements interaction and structure homogeneity. The gained fundamental knowledge integrated with machine learning is shown to be superior to the empirical equations in predicting hardenability. Metallurgical-property relationships between chemistry, sample size, and hardness are predicted via two optimized machine learning algorithms: neural networks (NNs) and extreme gradient boosting (XGboost). A comparison is drawn between all algorithms, evaluating their performance based on small data sets. The results reveal that XGboost has the highest potential for predicting hardenability using small datasets with class imbalance and large inhomogeneity issues.
Histopathology of Cerebral Microinfarcts and Microbleeds in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Jolink Wilmar M. T. , van Veluw Susanne J. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , van Hecke Wim , Frosch Matthew P. , Bacskai Brian J. , Rinkel Gabriël J. E. , Greenberg Steven M. , Klijn Catharina J. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by different vasculopathies, cerebral microinfarcts have the same aspect on MRI and the same applies to cerebral microbleeds. It is unclear what pathological changes underlie these cerebral microinfarcts and cerebral microbleeds. In the current study, we explored the histopathological substrate of these lesions by investigating the brain tissue of 20 patients (median age at death 77 years) who died from ICH (9 lobar, 11 non-lobar) with a combination of post-mortem 7-T MRI and histopathological analysis. We identified 132 CMIs and 204 CMBs in 15 patients on MRI, with higher numbers of CMIs in lobar ICH patients and similar numbers of CMBs. On histopathology, CMIs and CMBs were in lobar ICH more often located in the superficial than in the deep layers of the cortex, and in non-lobar ICH more often in the deeper layers. We found a tendency towards more severe CAA scores in lobar ICH patients. Other histopathological characteristics were comparable between lobar and non-lobar ICH patients. Although CMIs and CMBs were found in different segments of the cortex in lobar ICH compared to non-lobar ICH patients, otherwise similar histopathological features of cortical CMIs and CMBs distant from the ICH suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms in lobar and non-lobar ICH caused by different vasculopathies.
Socioeconomic disparities in the uptake of substances of abuse: results from a household cross-sectional survey in Murang’ a County, Kenya
Authors: Were Vincent Omondi , Okoyo Collins Omondi , Araka Sylvie Biyaki , Kanyi Henry Muriuki , Echoka Elizabeth Echoka , Mwandawiro Charles Simiti , Njomo Doris Wairimu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug and substance abuse has adverse health effects and a substantial economic burden to the global economies and at the household level. There is, however, limited data on socio-economic disparities in the update of the substance of abuse in low-to-middle income countries such as Kenya. This study aimed to assess the socio-economic disparities among drugs and substances in Murang’a county of central Kenya.

Method
The study design was cross-sectional, and data collection was conducted between November and December 2017. A total of 449 households with at least one person who has experienced substance abuse were sampled from four purposively selected sub-locations of Murang’ a County. Household heads answered questions on house characteristics and as an abuser or on behalf of abusers in their households. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on types of drugs used, economic burden, and gender roles at the household level. Household socio-economic status (SES) was established (low, middle, and high SES) using principal component analysis (PCA) from a set of household assets and characteristics. Bivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between SES, gender, and other factors on the uptake of drugs and substance abuse.

Results
Individuals in higher SES were more likely to use cigarettes (OR = 2.13; 95%CI = 1.25–3.61, p = 0.005) or piped tobacco (OR = 11.37; 95% CI, 2.55–50.8; p-value = 0.001) than those in low SES. The wealthier individuals were less likely to use legal alcohol (OR = 0.39; 95%CI = 0.21–0.71, p = 0.002) than the poorest individuals. The use of prescription drugs did not vary with SES. A comparison of the median amount of money spent on acquiring drugs showed that richer individuals spent a significantly lower amount than the poorest individuals (USD 9.71 vs. Ksh 14.56, p = 0.031). Deaths related to drugs and substance abuse were more likely to occur in middle SES than amongst the poorest households (OR = 2.96; 95%CI = 1.03–8.45, p = 0.042).

Conclusion
Socioeconomic disparities exist in the use of drugs and substance abuse. Low-income individuals are at a higher risk of abuse, expenditures and even death. Strategies to reduce drugs and substance abuse must address socio-economic disparities through targeted approaches to individuals in low-income groups.
Dynamic responses due to the Dryden gust of an autonomous quadrotor UAV carrying a payload
Authors: Geronel R. S. , Botez R. M. , Bueno D. D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used extensively in many applications, such as surveillance, medical transportation and delivery tasks. These applications usually involve an attachment system to connect a payload. However, when connected to such a coupled system, the UAV exhibits lower flight performance mainly due to gust loads. Mathematical modeling is used in this paper to illustrate the comparison between an UAV with a coupled system and a conventional UAV. Proportional Derivative (PD) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) approaches are used to evaluate the vibrations of the payload, and the UAV trajectory subjected to Dryden gust. This work therefore uses these methods to investigate the dynamic response of a quadrotor-type UAV equipped with a payload and a flexible attachment system.
Exploring the Notion of Necessity in Essentialist Legal Theory
Authors: Liu Ziyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEssentialist legal theorists, represented by Raz, have depicted legal theory as a project of seeking necessary truths about law. They have, however, left the notion of necessity in their conception of legal theory largely unexplained. This paper explores four different notions of necessity in the philosophical literature and investigates two issues: first, what kind of necessity best fits the notion of necessity implicit in the essentialist conception of legal theory, and secondly, whether that notion of necessity is a coherent one that withstands philosophical challenges. I argue that the Putnamian notion of quasi-necessity best fits essentialist legal theorists’ self-understanding, but the notion of quasi-necessity does not withstand Ebbs’s two challenges. Meanwhile, although Plunkett’s theory of metalinguistic negotiation can be used to preserve a coherent notion of necessity that circumvents Ebbs’s two challenges, due to its broadly anti-essentialist underpinnings such a notion is unlikely to be congenial to essentialist legal theorists.
When can religious employers discriminate? The scope of the religious ethos exemption in EU law
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen are religious employers exempt from the prohibition of discrimination (i.e., when can they discriminate against non-adherents)? The European Union (EU) Equality Framework Directive exempts religious employers from the prohibition of religious discrimination, but the scope of the religious ethos exemption is disputed and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Egenberger and IR v JQ has been criticised for being ultra vires and for disrespecting the constitutional identities of the EU Member States. This article clarifies the religious ethos exemption, by examining the underlying legal and normative issues that determine its scope. It shows that the scope of the exemption depends not just on the Framework Directive but also on the relationship between EU law and national constitutional law and that between EU law and international law. Thus, this article not only provides clarity regarding the religious ethos exemption, but also uses these judgements as an opportunity to revisit these related constitutional issues, and in particular the role of the CJEU and EU legislature in defining the place of national constitutional identity in EU law.
Tuberculosis attributed to transmission within healthcare facilities, Botswana—The Kopanyo Study
Authors: Smith Jonathan P. , Modongo Chawangwa , Moonan Patrick K. , Dima Mbatshi , Matsiri Ogopotse , Fane Othusitse , Click Eleanor S. , Boyd Rosanna , Finlay Alyssa , Surie Diya , Tobias James L. , Zetola Nicola M. , Oeltmann John E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Healthcare facilities are a well-known high-risk environment for transmission of M. tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, the link between M. tuberculosis transmission in healthcare facilities and its role in the general TB epidemic is unknown. We estimated the proportion of overall TB transmission in the general population attributable to healthcare facilities.Methods:We combined data from a prospective, population-based molecular epidemiologic study with a universal electronic medical record (EMR) covering all healthcare facilities in Botswana to identify biologically plausible transmission events occurring at the healthcare facility. Patients with M. tuberculosis isolates of the same genotype visiting the same facility concurrently were considered an overlapping event. We then used TB diagnosis and treatment data to categorize overlapping events into biologically plausible definitions. We calculated the proportion of overall TB cases in the cohort that could be attributable to healthcare facilities.Results:In total, 1,881 participants had TB genotypic and EMR data suitable for analysis, resulting in 46,853 clinical encounters at 338 healthcare facilities. We identified 326 unique overlapping events involving 370 individual patients; 91 (5%) had biologic plausibility for transmission occurring at a healthcare facility. A sensitivity analysis estimated that 3%–8% of transmission may be attributable to healthcare facilities.Conclusions:Although effective interventions are critical in reducing individual risk for healthcare workers and patients at healthcare facilities, our findings suggest that development of targeted interventions aimed at community transmission may have a larger impact in reducing TB.
Deconstructing Socioemotional Wealth: Social Wealth and Emotional Wealth as Core Properties of Family Firms
Authors: Chen Wenting , Zhou Abby Jingzi , Zhou Steven Shijin , Hofman Peter S. , Yang Xueru 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe concept of socioemotional wealth (SEW) has become a dominant perspective in family business studies. In this article, we review the SEW literature, the explanatory power of SEW in family firm behavior, and the heterogeneity of family firms. Although we find that SEW distinguishes the behavior of family firms from that of nonfamily firms, the concept has been used and operationalized differently across studies. The few studies that measure SEW directly do not find clear and consistent explanatory power of the construct. Moreover, not many studies are conducted in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China, raising the question as to whether the concept applies equally across institutional and cultural contexts. This article takes a pragmatic perspective on SEW by discussing and distinguishing between key dimensions of social wealth and emotional wealth, which we believe can enhance understanding of the behavior and heterogeneity of family businesses. Based on our deconstruction of the SEW concept, we propose various directions of future research.
Sacred Language in the Borderlands: Discussions on the Language of Belarusian Catholicism
Authors: Lastouski Aliaksei , Zakharov Nikolay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article considers in detail the choosing of a language for the liturgy and sermons in Roman Catholic parishes in Belarus. The choice of the Belarusian language is part of a deliberate nation-building policy by the Catholic Church. Moreover, a whole network of local peculiarities, historical stereotypes, and political attitudes is concealed beneath the unified cover of a preference for the use of the Belarusian language. Based on interviews with clergy and religious activists, the article shows that the Roman Catholic Church repeatedly works out compromise solutions that allow it to adapt to the pressures of the state and believers going through a process of contradictory and conflicting nation-building.
Successful lactation in Plgrkt-deficient female mice caused by a 1-bp deletion of exon4
Authors: Iwaki Takayuki , Tomonari Yuki , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasminogen (Pg) activation on the cell surface is important for various (patho)physiologic conditions, and Plg-RKT is a cell membrane protein that binds to Pg and promotes its activation. To evaluate the role of Plg-RKT in atherosclerosis, Plgrkt gene in Ldlr−/−/Apobec1−/− was modified using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9. Synthetic RNA for Plgrkt and Cas9 complex was electroporated into the fertilized eggs in the oviducts. Plgrkt deficient mice were established through a 1-bp deletion, and in this research communication we report their lactational ability. In contrast to Plgrkt−/− mice developed by a conventional method, these newly developed mice did not suffer lactation failure and could maintain their pups until weaning. The major obvious difference between these lines is the area of gene modification. The conventionally developed mouse possesses about 10 kb deletion of Plgrkt, which might relate to the lactation failure. Lactation failure is a lethal phenotype in mammals, and analyses of causative genes are especially important for dairy industries. Further genome-wide analyses with both Plgrkt−/− mice may help to establish causative genes for lactation failure.
Human papillomavirus prevalence in male and female university students in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Ramogola-Masire Doreen , McClung Nancy , Mathoma Anikie , Gargano Julia W. , Nyepetsi Naledi Gape , Querec Troy D. , Onyekwuluje Juanita , Mine Madisa , Morroni Chelsea , Luckett Rebecca , Markowitz Lauri E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2015, Botswana introduced the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as a two-dose schedule in girls aged 9–13 years. We sought to establish a baseline HPV prevalence in unvaccinated young adults in Botswana. HIV-uninfected men and women aged 18–22 years were recruited from the University of Botswana in Gaborone during October 2019–February 2021. Demographic and behavioural characteristics were self-reported during structured interviews. Self-collected vaginal and penile swabs were tested for 28 HPV types using Seegene Anyplex II HPV28. We compared any HPV type, quadrivalent vaccine (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18)-type and non-quadrivalent vaccine-type prevalence in men and women and evaluated the risk factors for prevalence of any HPV type. A total of 493 men and 500 women were included in the analysis. Compared to men, women had higher prevalence of any HPV type (63.0%versus31.4%,P< 0.001), vaccine-type HPV (21%versus9.7%,P< 0.001) and non-vaccine-type HPV (60.4%versus28.4%,P< 0.001). Higher prevalence of any HPV type in men and women was associated with having ≥2 sex partners in the past 12 months; always using condoms in the past 3 months was associated with a lower HPV prevalence. These data provide baseline information for future evaluation of the population impact of the HPV vaccination programme, including potential herd effects in men.
Filling the Void: Rock-art Continuity Over the Pleistocene–Holocene Boundary in Eastern Iberia
Authors: Ruiz Juan F. , Royo-Lasarte José , Royo-Guillén José Ignacio , Rivero Olivia 
Published: April 2022

In this paper we study several panels with incised engravings, which have been discovered in recent years, from two shelters in the area of the River Martín (Teruel), Cañada de Marco and Los Borriquitos. They are of great scientific interest for several reasons. Firstly, because they represent an expansion of the Late Upper Palaeolithic engraving facies of Mediterranean Iberia, limited until now to ten sites. In these two new sites, these incised engravings are underlying Levantine and Schematic pictographs, and occasionally are interstratified with Levantine paintings, an exceptional fact which is published in its entirety for the first time. These stratigraphic relationships reflect continuity/change dynamics during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and throughout the Holocene artistic cycle, topics which are crucial on a European scale. Finally, we have identified iconographic continuities between Epimagdalenian engravings and Levantine art, suggesting a possible link between these two graphic expressions. These findings may constitute solid support for the hypothesis about the pre-Neolithic origin of the exceptional Levantine art of the Iberian peninsula.In memoriamRamiro Alloza
Real-world sentence boundary detection using multitask learning: A case study on French
Authors: Lim KyungTae , Park Jungyeul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for sentence boundary detection in text datasets in which boundaries are not evident (e.g., sentence fragments). Although detecting sentence boundaries without punctuation marks has rarely been explored in written text, current real-world textual data suffer from widespread lack of proper start/stop signaling. Herein, we annotate a dataset with linguistic information, such as parts of speech and named entity labels, to boost the sentence boundary detection task. Via experiments, we obtained F1 scores up to 98.07% using the proposed multitask neural model, including a score of 89.41% for sentences completely lacking punctuation marks. We also present an ablation study and provide a detailed analysis to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multitask learning method.