bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globally elevated chemical weathering rates beneath glaciers
Authors: Li Xiangying , Wang Ninglian , Ding Yongjian , Hawkings Jon R. , Yde Jacob C. , Raiswell Robert , Liu Jintao , Zhang Shiqiang , Kang Shichang , Wang Rongjun , Liu Qiao , Liu Shiyin , Bol Roland , You Xiaoni , Li Guoyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhysical erosion and chemical weathering rates beneath glaciers are expected to increase in a warming climate with enhanced melting but are poorly constrained. We present a global dataset of cations in meltwaters of 77 glaciers, including new data from 19 Asian glaciers. Our study shows that contemporary cation denudation rates (CDRs) beneath glaciers (2174 ± 977 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1) are ~3 times higher than two decades ago, up to 10 times higher than ice sheet catchments (~150-2000 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1), up to 50 times higher than whole ice sheet means (~30-45 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1) and ~4 times higher than major non-glacial riverine means (~500 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1). Glacial CDRs are positively correlated with air temperature, suggesting glacial chemical weathering yields are likely to increase in future. Our findings highlight that chemical weathering beneath glaciers is more intense than many other terrestrial systems and may become increasingly important for regional biogeochemical cycles.
Expression of the transcription factor PU.1 induces the generation of microglia-like cells in human cortical organoids
Authors: Cakir Bilal , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Kiral Ferdi Ridvan , Xiang Yangfei , Dagliyan Onur , Wang Juan , Lee Maria , Greaney Allison M. , Yang Woo Sub , duBoulay Catherine , Kural Mehmet Hamdi , Patterson Benjamin , Zhong Mei , Kim Jonghun , Bai Yalai , Min Wang , Niklason Laura E. , Patra Prabir , Park In-Hyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroglia play a role in the emergence and preservation of a healthy brain microenvironment. Dysfunction of microglia has been associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Investigating the function of human microglia in health and disease has been challenging due to the limited models of the human brain available. Here, we develop a method to generate functional microglia in human cortical organoids (hCOs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We apply this system to study the role of microglia during inflammation induced by amyloid-β (Aβ). The overexpression of the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1 generates microglia-like cells in hCOs, producing mhCOs (microglia-containing hCOs), that we engraft in the mouse brain. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that mhCOs acquire a microglia cell cluster with an intact complement and chemokine system. Functionally, microglia in mhCOs protect parenchyma from cellular and molecular damage caused by Aβ. Furthermore, in mhCOs, we observed reduced expression of Aβ-induced expression of genes associated with apoptosis, ferroptosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stage III. Finally, we assess the function of AD-associated genes highly expressed in microglia in response to Aβ using pooled CRISPRi coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing in mhCOs. In summary, we provide a protocol to generate mhCOs that can be used in fundamental and translational studies as a model to investigate the role of microglia in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
Neuroanatomy in a middle Cambrian mollisoniid and the ancestral nervous system organization of chelicerates
Authors: Ortega-Hernández Javier , Lerosey-Aubril Rudy , Losso Sarah R. , Weaver James C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a steady increase in reports of fossilized nervous tissues among Cambrian total-group euarthropods, which allow reconstructing the early evolutionary history of these animals. Here, we describe the central nervous system of the stem-group chelicerate Mollisonia symmetrica from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale. The fossilized neurological anatomy of M. symmetrica includes optic nerves connected to a pair of lateral eyes, a putative condensed cephalic synganglion, and a metameric ventral nerve cord. Each trunk tergite is associated with a condensed ganglion bearing lateral segmental nerves, and linked by longitudinal connectives. The nervous system is preserved as reflective carbonaceous films underneath the phosphatized digestive tract. Our results suggest that M. symmetrica illustrates the ancestral organization of stem-group Chelicerata before the evolution of the derived neuroanatomical characters observed in Cambrian megacheirans and extant representatives. Our findings reveal a conflict between the phylogenetic signals provided by neuroanatomical and appendicular data, which we interpret as evidence of mosaic evolution in the chelicerate stem-lineage.
Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with Covid-19 vaccines in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Huang Lei , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Li Xue , Wong Carlos King Ho , Chan Edward Wai Wa , Ma Tiantian , Lum Dawn Hei , Leung Janice Ching Nam , Luo Hao , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrior research using electronic health records for Covid-19 vaccine safety monitoring typically focuses on specific disease groups and excludes individuals with multimorbidity, defined as ≥2 chronic conditions. We examine the potential additional risk of adverse events 28 days after the first dose of CoronaVac or Comirnaty imposed by multimorbidity. Using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong, we analyze a retrospective cohort of patients with chronic conditions. Thirty adverse events of special interest according to the World Health Organization are examined. In total, 883,416 patients are included and 2,807 (0.3%) develop adverse events. Results suggest vaccinated patients have lower risks of adverse events than unvaccinated individuals, multimorbidity is associated with increased risks regardless of vaccination, and the association of vaccination with adverse events is not modified by multimorbidity. To conclude, we find no evidence that multimorbidity imposes extra risks of adverse events following Covid-19 vaccination.
Stereoselective hydrogen atom transfer to acyclic radicals: a switch enabling diastereodivergent borylative radical cascades
Authors: Ye Tian , Zhang Feng-Lian , Xia Hui-Min , Zhou Xi , Yu Zhi-Xiang , Wang Yi-Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRadical cascade reactions are powerful tools to construct structurally complex molecules. However, the stereochemical control of acyclic radical intermediates remains a persistent challenge, due to the low differentiation between the two faces of these species. This hurdle further makes stereodivergent synthesis rather more difficult to be accomplished, in particular for intermediates resulted from complex cascades. Here we report an efficient strategy for stereoselective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to acyclic carbon radicals, which are generated via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boryl radicals triggered addition-translocation-cyclization cascades. A synergistic control by the NHC subunit and a thiol catalyst has proved effective for one facial HAT, while a ZnI2-chelation protocol allows for the preferential reaction to the opposite face. Such a stereoselectivity switch enables diastereodivergent construction of heterocycles tethering a boron-substituted stereocenter. Mechanistic studies suggest two complementary ways to tune HAT diastereoselectivity. The stereospecific conversions of the resulting boron-handled products to diverse functionalized molecules are demonstrated.
Stabilization of intermediate spin states in mixed-valent diiron dichalcogenide complexes
Authors: Henthorn Justin T. , Cutsail George E. , Weyhermüller Thomas , DeBeer Serena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure and ground spin states, S, observed for mixed-valent iron–sulfur dimers (FeII-FeIII) are typically determined by the Heisenberg exchange interaction, J, that couples the magnetic interaction of the two metal centres either ferromagnetically (J > 0, S = 9/2) or antiferromagnetically (J < 0, S = 1/2). In the case of antiferromagnetically coupled iron centres, stabilization of the high-spin S = 9/2 ground state is also feasible through a Heisenberg double-exchange interaction, B, which lifts the degeneracy of the Heisenberg spin states. This theorem also predicts intermediate spin states for mixed-valent dimers, but those have so far remained elusive. Herein, we describe the structural, electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopic, and magnetic characterization of a series of mixed-valent complexes featuring [Fe2Q2]+ (Q = S2–, Se2–, Te2–), where the Se and Te complexes favour S = 3/2 spin states. The incorporation of heavier chalcogenides in this series reveals a delicate balance of antiferromagnetic coupling, Heisenberg double-exchange and vibronic coupling.
A synthetic population dataset for estimating small area health and socio-economic outcomes in Great Britain
Authors: Wu Guoqiang , Heppenstall Alison , Meier Petra , Purshouse Robin , Lomax Nik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to understand the health outcomes for distinct sub-groups of the population or across different geographies, it is advantageous to be able to build bespoke groupings from individual level data. Individuals possess distinct characteristics, exhibit distinct behaviours and accumulate their own unique history of exposure or experiences. However, in most disciplines, not least public health, there is a lack of individual level data available outside of secure settings, especially covering large portions of the population. This paper provides detail on the creation of a synthetic micro dataset for individuals in Great Britain who have detailed attributes which can be used to model a wide range of health and other outcomes. These attributes are constructed from a range of sources including the United Kingdom Census, survey and administrative datasets. It provides a rationale for the need for this synthetic population, discusses methods for creating this dataset and provides some example results of different attribute distributions for distinct sub-population groups and over different geographical areas.
Survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III microsatellite-high/deficient mismatch repair colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tomasello Gianluca , Ghidini Michele , Galassi Barbara , Grossi Francesco , Luciani Andrea , Petrelli Fausto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClinical observations have demonstrated that microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and/or deficient MMR (dMMR) status are associated with favorable prognosis and no benefit from 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). This study represents a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the predictive role of MSI-H status in stage III CRC undergoing or not adjuvant chemotherapy. Published articles that evaluated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage III CRC from inception to September 2020 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The random-effects model was conducted to estimate the pooled effect size of OS and DFS. The primary outcome of interest was OS. 21,590 patients with MSI-H/dMMR stage III CRC, from n = 17 retrospective studies, were analyzed. Overall, OS was improved with any adjuvant chemotherapy vs. any control arm (single-agent 5-FU or surgery alone): HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.26–0.66; P < 0.01. Conversely, DFS was not significantly improved (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.45–1.09; P = 0.11). In patients with stage III MSI-H/dMMR CRC, adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a significant OS improvement. Thus, MSI-H/dMMR status does represent a predictive factor for postoperative chemotherapy benefit in stage III CRC beyond its prognostic role.
Using Cryo-ET to distinguish platelets during pre-acute myeloid leukemia from steady state hematopoiesis
Authors: Wang Yuewei , Huo Tong , Tseng Yu-Jung , Dang Lan , Yu Zhili , Yu Wenjuan , Foulks Zachary , Murdaugh Rebecca L. , Ludtke Steven J. , Nakada Daisuke , Wang Zhao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarly diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the pre-leukemic stage remains a clinical challenge, as pre-leukemic patients show no symptoms, lacking any known morphological or numerical abnormalities in blood cells. Here, we demonstrate that platelets with structurally abnormal mitochondria emerge at the pre-leukemic phase of AML, preceding detectable changes in blood cell counts or detection of leukemic blasts in blood. We visualized frozen-hydrated platelets from mice at different time points during AML development in situ using electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and identified intracellular organelles through an unbiased semi-automatic process followed by quantitative measurement. A large proportion of platelets exhibited changes in the overall shape and depletion of organelles in AML. Notably, 23% of platelets in pre-leukemic cells exhibit abnormal, round mitochondria with unfolded cristae, accompanied by a significant drop in ATP levels and altered expression of metabolism-related gene signatures. Our study demonstrates that detectable structural changes in pre-leukemic platelets may serve as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AML.
Phosphodiesterase 4D promotes angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice via smooth muscle cell contraction
Authors: Fan Tianfei , Hou Yangfeng , Ge Weipeng , Fan Tianhui , Feng Xiaohang , Guo Wenjun , Song Xiaomin , Gao Ran , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypertension is a common chronic disease, which leads to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and its prevalence is increasing. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway participates in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 has been shown to regulate PKA activity via cAMP specific hydrolysis. However, whether PDE4-cAMP-PKA pathway influences hypertension remains unknown. Herein, we reveal that PDE4D (one of PDE4 isoforms) expression is upregulated in the aortas of experimental hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Furthermore, knockout of Pde4d in mouse smooth muscle cells (SMCs) attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension, arterial wall media thickening, vascular fibrosis and vasocontraction. Additionally, we find that PDE4D deficiency activates PKA-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to inhibit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1)-myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, relieving Ang II-induced SMC contraction in vitro and in vivo. Our results also indicate that rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, may be a potential drug for hypertension therapy.
Cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies identify susceptibility genes shared between schizophrenia and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Uellendahl-Werth Florian , Maj Carlo , Borisov Oleg , Juzenas Simonas , Wacker Eike Matthias , Jørgensen Isabella Friis , Steiert Tim Alexander , Bej Saptarshi , Krawitz Peter , Hoffmann Per , Schramm Christoph , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren , Schreiber Stefan , Karlsen Tom Hemming , Degenhardt Franziska , Nöthen Markus , Franke Andre , Folseraas Trine , Ellinghaus David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenetic correlations and an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders in inflammatory-bowel disease have been reported, but shared molecular mechanisms are unknown. We performed cross-tissue and multiple-gene conditioned transcriptome-wide association studies for 23 tissues of the gut-brain-axis using genome-wide association studies data sets (total 180,592 patients) for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We identified NR5A2, SATB2, and PPP3CA (encoding a target for calcineurin inhibitors in refractory ulcerative colitis) as shared susceptibility genes with transcriptome-wide significance both for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and schizophrenia, largely explaining fine-mapped association signals at nearby genome-wide association study susceptibility loci. Analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed that PPP3CA expression was strongest in neurons and in enteroendocrine and Paneth-like cells of the ileum, colon, and rectum, indicating a possible link to the gut-brain-axis. PPP3CA together with three further suggestive loci can be linked to calcineurin-related signaling pathways such as NFAT activation or Wnt.
Genomic evidence of functional diversity in DPANN archaea, from oxic species to anoxic vampiristic consortia
Authors: Vigneron Adrien , Cruaud Perrine , Lovejoy Connie , Vincent Warwick F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
DPANN archaea account for half of the archaeal diversity of the biosphere, but with few cultivated representatives, their metabolic potential and environmental functions are poorly understood. The extreme geochemical and environmental conditions in meromictic ice-capped Lake A, in the Canadian High Arctic, provided an isolated, stratified model ecosystem to resolve the distribution and metabolism of uncultured aquatic DPANN archaea living across extreme redox and salinity gradients, from freshwater oxygenated conditions, to saline, anoxic, sulfidic waters. We recovered 28 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of DPANN archaea that provided genetic insights into their ecological function. Thiosulfate oxidation potential was detected in aerobic Woesearchaeota, whereas diverse metabolic functions were identified in anaerobic DPANN archaea, including degradation and fermentation of cellular compounds, and sulfide and polysulfide reduction. We also found evidence for “vampiristic” metabolism in several MAGs, with genes coding for pore-forming toxins, peptidoglycan degradation, and RNA scavenging. The vampiristic MAGs co-occurred with other DPANNs having complementary metabolic capacities, leading to the possibility that DPANN form interspecific consortia that recycle microbial carbon, nutrients and complex molecules through a DPANN archaeal shunt, adding hidden novel complexity to anaerobic microbial food webs.
A Scoping Review of Cognitive Assessment in Adults With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Johnson Leslie W. , Hall Kellyn D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to describe and synthesize the current research regarding the prevailing cognitive domains impacted by acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. Standardized and nonstandardized assessments of cognitive function and comorbidities influencing cognitive function during the initial stages of recovery are presented to help guide clinical assessment.Method:A scoping review, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, was used to explore four electronic databases. Searches identified peer-reviewed empirical literature addressing aspects of cognitive domains impacted after TBI, cognitive assessment, and comorbidities impacting assessment in adults after acute TBI.Results:A total of 1,072 records were identified and reduced to 75 studies based on inclusion criteria. The cognitive domains most impacted in acute TBI were memory and executive function. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was the most frequently used tool to assess cognitive abilities, despite it being a measurement of consciousness, not of cognition. Psychological changes were the most commonly noted comorbidity impacting cognitive assessment.Conclusions:Assessment of cognition after acute TBI requires a multifaceted approach that considers the typical profile of cognitive impairment, as well as patient-specific factors influencing cognitive abilities following initial brain injury. The present results support the generally held view that memory and executive function deficits are common cognitive difficulties associated with acute TBI in adults. The GCS remains the most widely used tool to assess function, though numerous tools are available that specifically address cognitive domains. Acute medical comorbidities common within this stage of injury are highlighted, as well as gaps of clinical knowledge that remain.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18372086
The Development of Clinical Self-Efficacy in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Training: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: McBride Eileen 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The study examined the development of speech-language pathology (SLP) trainee clinical self-efficacy (CSE)—defined as an individual's confidence in performing tasks related to speech and language assessment and intervention—over the course of graduate clinical training. The study also examined the relationship between preprogram experience and CSE as well as the relationship between trainee self-efficacy and clinical performance.

Method:

Participants, two cohorts of full-time SLP graduate trainees (
N
= 75), completed a novel SLP-specific measure of CSE at the beginning, middle, and end of a 2-year master's program and provided background information and access to practicum evaluations.

Results:

CSE increased significantly at each point of assessment (
p
< .001). Students reported lower levels of self-efficacy for tasks related to evaluation compared to administration/report writing, collaboration, communication, and counseling (
p
< .001). Results also showed lower levels of intervention-related CSE compared to collaboration (
p
< .001) communication and counseling (
p
< .05). The variability in task-specific confidence decreased as training progressed; however, students' confidence in their evaluation skills continued to be lower relative to administration/report writing (
p
< .05) and collaboration (
p
< .01). Participants' prior clinical experience and preprogram training did not predict CSE; however, trainees with an undergraduate Communication Disorders (CD) major reported greater end-of-program self-efficacy than non-CD majors (
p
< .05). Trainee CSE was not found to be related to instructors' assessment of clinical performance.

Conclusion:
Findings provided preliminary insights into the nature and development of SLP-specific CSE over the course of graduate training and point to the potential pedagogical value of further examining factors associated with graduate trainee CSE in the context of clinical education.