bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign acute childhood myositis: Factors associated with muscle symptoms and resolution
Authors: Öztürk Betül , Göktuğ Aytaç , Bodur İlknur , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Güngör Ali , Tekeli Aysun , Akca Çağlar Ayla , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBenign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is associated with several viral infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of myositis symptoms, laboratory findings and oseltamivir treatment in children with influenza‐ and non‐influenza‐associated BACM.MethodsPatients aged 0–18 years old, admitted to the pediatric emergency department in the seasonal influenza period between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with acute onset calf tenderness, pain, difficulty in walking and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase were included and were grouped according to influenza rapid test kit results as influenza (A and B) positive, and influenza negative. The time to symptom resolution, laboratory data and the oseltamivir treatment were compared between the groups.ResultsThere were 94 patients (67 male, 27 female) with a mean age of 77 ± 22 months. Influenza A was detected in 21, influenza B in 27, and neither were detected in 46 patients. Time to symptom resolution of BACM was shorter in the influenza‐positive patients than in influenza‐negative patients (2.9 ± 1.4 days and 3.5 ± 1.5 days, respectively, P = 0.027). Oseltamivir did not reduce the symptom resolution time in influenza patients. All children had normal hemoglobin and platelet counts, elevated creatine phosphokinase and 76% of them had leukopenia. Neither clinical recurrence nor metabolic disease were reported.ConclusionSymptoms of BACM tended to resolve slightly earlier in influenza‐positive patients and the duration of symptoms was not affected by oseltamivir treatment.
Association between economic wellbeing and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and remoteness during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Green Heidi , MacPhail Catherine , Alananzeh Ibrahim , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the association between economic wellbeing and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and remoteness during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional study via SurveyMonkey was conducted in Australia between August 2020 and October 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 1211 individuals responded to the survey. Income loss was significantly associated with those from low socioeconomic status (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.01–2.68). Access of superannuation was significantly associated with those in outer regional (OR = 3.61; 95% CI 0.81–16.03) and low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.34–5.53). Financial inability to pay for services was significantly associated with living in remote areas (OR = 2.26; 95% CI 0.88–5.80).ConclusionsThe economic wellbeing of people who identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, live in regional or remote areas, and reside in low socioeconomic areas have been substantially impacted during the pandemic. Findings call for policies to address the underlying social determinants of health.
The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Natukunda Agnes , Zirimenya Ludoviko , Nassuuna Jacent , Nkurunungi Gyaviira , Cose Stephen , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccination has potential to eliminate infectious diseases. However, parasitic infections such as helminths may hinder vaccines from providing optimal protection. We reviewed existing literature on the effects of helminth infections and their treatment on vaccine responses in humans and animals. We searched literature until 31 January 2022 in Medline, EMBASE, Global health, Scopus, and Web of science; search terms included WHO licensed vaccines and human helminth types. Standardized mean differences (SMD) in vaccine responses between helminth infected and uninfected or anthelminthic treated and untreated individuals were obtained from each study with suitable data for meta‐analysis, and combined using a random effects model. Analysis was stratified by whether helminth exposure was direct or prenatal and by vaccine type. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019123074). Of the 4402 articles identified, 37 were included in the review of human studies and 24 for animal experiments. For human studies, regardless of vaccine type, overall SMD for helminth uninfected/treated, compared to infected/untreated, was 0.56 (95% CI 0.04–1.07 and I2 = 93.5%) for direct helminth exposure and 0.01 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.07 and I2 = 85.9%) for prenatal helminth exposure. Effects of anthelminthic treatment were inconsistent, with no overall benefit shown. Results differed by vaccine type, with responses to live vaccines most affected by helminth exposure. For animal studies, the most affected vaccine was BCG. This result indicates that helminth‐associated impairment of vaccine responses is more severe for direct, than for prenatal, helminth exposure. Further research is needed to ascertain whether deworming of individuals before vaccination may help improve responses.
An examination of relations between baseline pupil measures and cognitive abilities
Authors: Robison Matthew K. , Coyne Joseph T. , Sibley Ciara , Brown Noelle L. , Neilson Brittany , Foroughi Cyrus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExamining individual differences in pupil size and pupillary dynamics have revealed important insights into the nature of individual differences in cognitive abilities like working memory capacity, long‐term memory, attention control, and fluid intelligence. These findings are often tied to the locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system, as this system has a tight temporal correlation with pupil diameter. Some recent research has demonstrated positive correlations between resting pupil size and cognitive ability, specifically fluid intelligence. The present study attempted to replicate such relations. Across three studies, a large sample of participants (N= 845) completed batteries of cognitive ability measures and measures of resting pupil size and pupillary hippus (fluctuations in pupil diameter). The cognitive measures comprised tasks previously used to measure attention control, visual short‐term memory capacity, fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and visuospatial ability. At the factor level, cognitive ability and pupil size correlated near zero. We did observe some limited evidence for a negative correlation between resting pupillary hippus and cognitive ability. Given the null findings in the present data, we encourage further replication of relations between resting pupil measures and cognitive abilities before making any strong theoretical conclusions about such relations.
Bid outcome processing in Vickrey auctions: An ERP study
Authors: Newton‐Fenner Alice , Tyson‐Carr John , Roberts Hannah , Henderson Jessica , Hewitt Danielle , Byrne Adam , Fallon Nicolas , Gu Yiquan , Gorelkina Olga , Xie Yuxin , Pantelous Athanasios , Giesbrecht Timo , Stancak Andrej 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOnline retailers often sell products using a socially competitive second‐price sealed‐bid auction known as a Vickrey auction (VA), an incentivized demand‐revealing mechanism used to elicit players' subjective values. The VA presents a situation of risky decision‐making, which typically implements value processing and a loss aversion mechanism. Neural outcome processing of VA bids are not known; this study explores this for the first time using EEG. Twenty‐eight healthy participants bid on household items against an anonymous, computerized opponent. Bid outcome event‐related potentials were predicted to differentiate between three conditions: outbid (no‐win), large margin win (bargain), and small margin win (snatch). Individual loss aversion values were evaluated in a separate behavioral experiment offering gains or losses of variable amounts but equal chances against an assured gain. Processing outcomes of VA bids were associated with a feedback‐related negativity (FRN) potential with a spatial maximum at the vertex (251–271 ms), where bargain win trials resulted in greater FRN amplitudes than snatch win trials. Additionally, a P300 potential was sensitive to win versus no‐win outcomes and to retail price. Individual loss aversion level did not correlate with the strength of FRN or P300. Results show that outcome processing in a VA is associated with FRN that differentiates between relatively advantageous and less advantageous gains, and a P300 that distinguishes between the more and less expensive auction items. Our findings pave the way to an objective exploration of economic decision‐making and purchasing behavior involving a widely popular auction.
Framing policies to mobilize citizens' behavior during a crisis: Examining the effects of positive and negative vaccination incentivizing policies
Authors: Goren Talia , Beeri Itai , Vashdi Dana R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the issue of mobilization policies, that is, government practices directed at making the mass public voluntarily perform various behaviors for the collective benefit during a crisis. As COVID‐19 vaccinations became accessible, governments faced the challenge of mass vaccination mobilization in order to achieve herd immunization. Aiming to effectively realize this goal, policy designers and regulators worldwide considered various mobilizing tools for vaccination compliance, including rewards and penalties, as they targeted vaccine opposers and hesitators, while trying to avoid the crowding‐out effect among individuals who were intrinsically motivated to get vaccinated. However, the unique circumstances of the Coronavirus pandemic may have eliminated the crowding‐out effect. Thus, our study explored the effect of regulation in the form of positive and negative incentivizing tools (i.e., rewards and penalties) during the coronavirus pandemic on vaccination intentions of 1184 Israeli citizens, prior to the national vaccination campaign. Results indicate that (1) both negative and positive incentives have a similar positive effect on individuals who declare they will not get vaccinated and those who hesitate to get the shot; (2) both positive and negative incentives induce the crowding‐out effect; and (3) negative incentives generate a larger crowding‐out effect in individuals who report preliminary intentions to get vaccinated, compared to positive ones. This emphasizes the need to avoid the crowding‐out effect during the current and similar crises, and suggests considering applying a gradual and adaptive policy design in order to maximize regulatory efficacy and compliance.
Effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Pingshu , An Zhijie , Yue Chenyan , Wang Yamin , Liu Yunqiu , Yuan Xiaodong , Ma Ying , Li Keli , Yin Zundong , Wang Liye , Wang Huaqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveSingle‐study evidence of separate and combined effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. To fill this gap, we studied the effectiveness of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) and 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), separately and together, at preventing adverse COPD outcomes.MethodsOur study used a self‐controlled, before‐and‐after cohort design to assess the effectiveness of TIV and PPSV23 in COPD patients. Patients were recruited from hospitals in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. Subjects self‐selected into one of the three vaccination schedules: TIV group, PPSV23 group and TIV&PPSV23 group. We used a physician‐completed, medical record‐verified questionnaire to obtain data on acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), pneumonia and related hospitalization. Vaccine effectiveness was determined by comparing COPD outcomes before and after vaccination, controlling for potential confounding using Cox regression.ResultsWe recruited 474 COPD patients, of whom 109 received TIV, 69 received PPSV23 and 296 received TIV and PPSV23. Overall effectiveness for preventing AECOPD, pneumonia and related hospitalization were respectively 70%, 59% and 58% in the TIV group; 54%, 53% and 46% in the PPSV23 group; and 72%, 73% and 69% in the TIV&PPSV23 group. The vaccine effectiveness without COVID‐19 non‐pharmaceutical intervention period were 84%, 77% and 88% in the TIV group; 63%, 74% and 66% in the PPSV23 group; and 82%, 83% and 91% in the TIV&PPSV23 group.ConclusionInfluenza vaccination and PPSV23 vaccination, separately and together, can effectively reduce the risk of AECOPD, pneumonia and related hospitalization. Effectiveness for preventing AECOPD was the greatest.
Oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with psoriasis: A systematic review
Authors: Nery Fernanda Veiga Rodeiro , Souza Daniel Adrian Silva , Dantas Juliana Borges de Lima , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Reis Sílvia Regina de Almeida , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify the main types of oral lesions associated with psoriasis.Methods and ResultsIt was a systematic review, based on a search performed in the PubMed/Medline, and Scielo databases, and an associated manual search. Descriptors were selected from DeCs/MeSH and the PICOS strategy (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design) was applied. Randomized clinical trials and retrospective and prospective studies published from 2000 to 2022 were included, according to the PRISMA parameters (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis), registered in the PROSPERO platform. The STROBE quality scale (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) was also used. One hundred fourteen articles were identified using the search strategy, and nine articles were found in the manual search. Of the sixty‐six preselected articles, seven were included in the study. Although it was not possible to identify a specific oral lesion associated with psoriasis, there was a greater occurrence of geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and Candida sp. infectionConclusionEvidence shows that although patients with psoriasis may exhibit lesions in the oral mucosa, they are not specific to this condition. Further epidemiological studies are needed to address the association of psoriasis with possible changes in the oral mucosa.
Numerical Simulation of a Subsea Pipeline Subjected to Underwater Explosion Loads With the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) Method
Authors: Liu Zhenhui , Gudmestad Ove Tobias , Igland Ragnar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the paper is the need for removal of a large number of UXO on the Norwegian continental shelf during the installation of subsea pipelines. Numerical simulations have been used to calculate the effect of an explosion, but normally with an assumption of free explosion space where the seabed is not included. The seabed effects are simply considered by exaggerating the explosive weight with an empirical factor. This paper tries to include the seabed in the simulation by using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The effects of water, soil and the TNT are approached by using the Eulerian formulation with specified Equation of status (EOS). The steel pipe is approached by shell elements in a Lagrangian scheme. The strain rate effects on steel strength and failure strain have been considered through the Cowper and Symonds equation. The coupling between Eulerian and Lagrangian formulation is done by the general contact features provided by the Abaqus Explicit solver. Three offset distances (2.5 m, 5 m and 15 m) have been simulated. The simulation results are discussed in details with respect to the water, soil, TNT and pipeline deformations respectively. Additionally, the axial force is also discussed. It is shown that the present numerical model is able to capture the main characteristics of such a complicated physical process. The influence of the seabed has been shown explicitly in all the offset distances analyzed. The empirical factor method may give over-conservative results.
Comparison of Temperature Equilibrium Rate and Cell Growth/Viability Under Air Circulation in Cryogenic Storage Container
Authors: Park Jeong-Yeon , Lee Dong-Won , Lee Sunray , Lee Dong-Mok , Lee Jienny , Park Hyun-Sook , Yoon Gil-Sang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With advances in biotechnology, the field of cryopreservation has been continuously developed and improved. Typical cryo-container was designed with minimal flow to avoid possible structural defects in LN2 tank, which has a higher thermal conductivity than vapor nitrogen tank. If cells are placed in typical cryo-container and stored in VN2 tank, cross-contamination can be prevented, but the cell viability after thawing may be reduced. The structure of typical cryo-containers is not optimized for vaporized nitrogen to flow quickly into the container and its circulation well. Therefore, we proposed new cryo-container models that can maintain mechanical strength while optimizing the fluid flow structure, and performed thermal–structural coupled field analysis on cryo-containers. We confirmed the cryo-containers by comparing the equivalent stress distributions formed around through holes and evaluating thermal equilibrium in the cryogenic steady-state through flow analysis. Prototype cryo-containers and typical cryo-containers were placed in VN2 tank for a period of time to observe temperature changes. As a result, the time it takes to reach the temperature equilibrium has been reduced to 55% level compared with the typical cryo-containers. Additionally, C2C12 and hADMSC cells were checked after storage under two temperature conditions (−80 and −196 °C). In both cell, viability, adhesion, and relative cell proliferation were improved by up to 15–20% in new containers compared to typical products. The developed container is expected to maintain stability well by being applied to storage and transportation of advanced medicines that require cryopreservation.
Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Martínez-Valdez Libny , Richardson López Collada Vesta , Castro-Ceronio Luis Enrique , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Ángela María , Bautista-Márquez Aurora , Hernandez-Avila Mauricio 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology and risk factors for hospitalisation and death in Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study.SettingMexican Ministry of Health open databases with COVID-19 cases occurred from 7 March 2020 to 30 September 2021.ParticipantsMexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths were characterised by age group, sex, presence of pneumonia and comorbidities, intubation and intensive care unit admission, and institution that provided medical care. Cumulative incidence, mortality, case fatality rates and ORs for hospitalisation and death were estimated by age group.Results5.5% (204 641) of national COVID-19 cases were children under 18 years of age: 2.9% under 1 year, 12.5% from 1 to 5 years, 15% from 6 to 9 years and 69.4% from 10 to 17 years. 4.6% of all cases were hospitalised, from which 54.6% were male, 35.3% were children under 1 year old, 39.6% were adolescents and 34% had pneumonia. Pneumonia developed in 2.3% of cases, from which 50% were adolescents. Case fatality rate was higher in children less than 1 year old (4.2%). Risk analyses showed that male sex (OR 1.16–1.28), history of pneumonia (OR 29.7–65.4), immunosuppression (OR 5.3–42.9), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.4–14.6) and other comorbidities (OR 5.4–19.1), as well as age less than 1 year (OR 20.1, 95% CI 18.8 to 21.4), confer a greater risk of hospitalisation; in addition to comorbidities, age less than 1 year (OR 16.6, 95% CI 14.1 to 19.6), history of pneumonia (OR 14.1–135.1) and being an adolescent from an indigenous community (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.54, p=0.012) increase the risk of death.ConclusionsIn Mexico, children less than 1 year old with COVID-19 have higher risk of hospitalisation and death than older children. Adolescents with COVID-19 in association with comorbidities develop adverse outcomes more frequently.
Acceptability of donor funding for clinical trials in the UK: a qualitative empirical ethics study using focus groups to elicit the views of research patient public involvement group members, research ethics committee chairs and clinical researchers
Authors: Shearman Kirstie , Masters Alexander , Nutt Dominic , Bowman Simon , Draper Heather 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThe Plutocratic Proposal is a novel method of funding early phase clinical trials where a single donor funds the entire trial and in so doing secures a place on it. The aim of this study was to identify and explore concerns that may be raised by UK research ethics committees (RECs) when reviewing clinical trials funded in this way.DesignEmpirical ethics combining ethical analysis and qualitative data from three focus groups held online using Frith’s symbiotic approach. Data were analysed using inductive thematic approach informed by the study aims and ethical analysis.Participants22 participants were recruited: 8 research patient public involvement group members, 7 REC chairs and 7 clinical researchers. All were based in the UK.ResultsWith one exception, participants thought the Plutocratic Proposal may be ‘all things considered’ acceptable, providing their concerns were met, primary of which was upholding scientific integrity. Other concerns discussed related to the acceptability of the donor securing a place on the trial including: whether this was an unfair distribution of benefits, disclosing the identity of the donor as the funder, protecting the donor from exploitation and funding a single study with multiple donors on the same terms. Some misgivings fell outside the usual REC purview: detrimental impact of donors of bad character, establishing the trustworthiness of the matching agency and its processes and optimising research funding and resources. Despite their concerns, participants recognised that because the donor funds the whole trial, others would also potentially benefit from participating.ConclusionsWe identified concerns about the Plutocratic Proposal. UK RECs may be open to approving studies if these can be addressed. Existing governance processes will do some of this work, but additional REC guidance, particularly in relation to donors securing a place on the trial, may be necessary to help RECs navigate ethical concerns consistently.