bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Surgical Planning and 3D-Printed Surgical Guides in Facial Allotransplantation
Authors: Vyas Krishna , Suchyta Marissa , Gibreel Waleed , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Bite Uldis , Sharaf Basel A. , Bradley Elizabeth A. , Amer Hatem , Bakri Karim , Mardini Samir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy in facial allotransplantation creates a unique challenge for surgical reconstruction. Evolution of virtual surgical planning (VSP) through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing has advanced reconstructive outcomes for many craniomaxillofacial indications. Surgeons use VSP, 3D models, and surgical guides to analyze and to trial surgical approaches even prior to entering the operating room. This workflow allows the surgeon to plan osteotomies and to anticipate challenges, which improves surgical precision and accuracy, optimizes outcomes, and should reduce operating room time. We present the development, evolution, and utilization of VSP and 3D-printed guides in facial allotransplantation at our institution, from guide conception to first clinical case.
Prioritization preferences for COVID-19 vaccination are consistent across five countries
Authors: Munzert Simon , Ramirez-Ruiz Sebastian , Çalı Başak , Stoetzer Lukas F. , Gohdes Anita , Lowe Will 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVaccination against COVID-19 is making progress globally, but vaccine doses remain a rare commodity in many parts of the world. New virus variants require vaccines to be updated, hampering the availability of effective vaccines. Policymakers have defined criteria to regulate who gets priority access to the vaccination, such as age, health complications, or those who hold system-relevant jobs. But how does the public think about vaccine allocation? To explore those preferences, we surveyed respondents in Brazil, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States from September to December of 2020 using ranking and forced-choice tasks. We find that public preferences are consistent with expert guidelines prioritizing health-care workers and people with medical preconditions. However, the public also considers those signing up early for vaccination and citizens of the country to be more deserving than later-comers and non-citizens. These results hold across measures, countries, and socio-demographic subgroups.
High-order corrections to the radiation-free dynamics of an electron in the strongly radiation-dominated regime
Authors: Samsonov A. S. , Nerush E. N. , Kostyukov I. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

A system of reduced equations is proposed for electron motion in the strongly radiation-dominated regime for an arbitrary electromagnetic field configuration. The approach developed here is used to analyze various scenarios of electron dynamics in this regime: motion in rotating electric and magnetic fields and longitudinal acceleration in a plane wave and in a plasma wakefield. The results obtained show that this approach is able to describe features of electron dynamics that are essential in certain scenarios, but cannot be captured in the framework of the original radiation-free approximation [Samsonov et al., Phys. Rev. A 98, 053858 (2018) and A. Gonoskov and M. Marklund, Phys. Plasmas 25, 093109 (2018)]. The results are verified by numerical integration of the nonreduced equations of motion with account taken of radiation reaction in both semiclassical and fully quantum cases.
Impact of dam construction on precipitation: a regional perspective
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Ziyi , Liu Zhixin , Liu Mingzhe , Yin Zhengtong , Yin Lirong , Zheng Wenfeng 
Published: December 2022

Context Numerous dams have been built in China to develop hydropower, a sustainable and clean energy source. In recent years, the impact of dam construction on the regional climate has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Aims This study has evaluated the impact of large-scale dam construction on regional precipitation. Methods This paper used the precipitation data of more than 2400 national stations of the China National Meteorological Information Center from 1990 to 2012. The regional precipitation data before and after the construction of the Xiaolangdi Dam and the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were analysed using geostatistical tools. Wavelet transform and Yamamoto signal-to-noise ratio analysis were further adopted. Key results Analysis of the variation points of precipitation characteristics confirmed the correlation between dam construction and regional precipitation; the precipitation values in the two dam study areas had an increasing trend after the completion of the dams, and the fitting trend line showed an obvious increasing trend. Conclusions According to the analysis of precipitation variation points, it can be concluded that the establishment of the dam affected the precipitation in the area of ∼200 km upstream and increased the precipitation value in this area. The study showed that dam construction has a strong correlation with regional precipitation. Implications It is speculated that the construction of super dams will have a greater impact on precipitation.
Benzodithiophene unit copolymerization to improve the stability of thiophene-based organic solar cells
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Uchiyama Takayuki , Okada-Shudo Yoshiko , Mammo Wendimagegne , Krüger Tjaart P J , Vohra Varun , Tegegne Newayemedhin A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the increasing performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), the design of stable donor materials is of paramount importance. In this work, we synthesised a simple alternating copolymer with thiophene and BDT (P3T-BDT) units to understand the impact of incorporation of BDT on the thermal stability of the commonly used thiophene-based OSCs. OSCs fabricated with P3T-BDT:PC71BM and P3HT:PC71BM with 1:4 ratios displayed a different degradation kinetics despite their similar initial power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE of P3HT-based device degraded by half while the P3T-BDT-based device lost only 15% of its initial PCE after thermally being degraded at 85 ∘C for 48 h mainly due to the decrease in J

s
c

. Thermally-induced degradation of P3HT caused chain breakage while the P3T-BDT remained intact. The surface morphology of P3HT:PC71BM film exhibited a large increase in roughness in the first few hours leading to a loss of more 40% of its initial PCE while the P3T-BDT based OSC had a similar roughness throughout the accelerated ageing. This is also confirmed by the growth of the PL intensity of P3HT:PC71BM while P3T-BDT:PC71BM remained the same confirming a suppression of demixing of the donor and acceptor in the latter. In summary, the addition a BDT unit in the thiophene-based homopolymer was found to improve the thermal stability thiophene-based OSCs.
Topological properties of Xene tuned by perpendicular electric field and exchange field in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Zhao Xiangyang , Wang Zongtan , Chen Jiapeng , Wang Biao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Xene (X=Si, Ge, Sn) is a typical and promising two-dimensional topological insulator with many novel topological properties. Here, we investigate the topological properties of Xene tuned by a perpendicularly applied electric field, exchange field, and Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) using the tight-binding (TB) method. We show that in the presence of RSOC, the system can be converted from a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator into a conventional band insulator (BI) by a weak perpendicular electric field or into a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator by a weak exchange field. Additionally, a suitable combination of electric and exchange fields can give rise to a valley-polarized metallic (VPM) state. Furthermore, we explore the competition between the electric field and exchange field in tuning the topological states owing to the Rashba coupling effect. When the electric field is stronger than the exchange field, the system tends to be in a topologically trivial BI state; otherwise, it will be a QAH insulator. More intriguingly, for a fixed exchange field and RSOC, as the perpendicular electric field increase continuously from zero, the system undergoes multiphase (e.g. QSH-VPM-BI) transitions. This paves the way for designing multiphase transition devices through external single-field regulation.
Nernst response, viscosity and mobile entropy in vortex liquids
Authors: Behnia Kamran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a liquid of superconducting vortices, a longitudinal thermal gradient generates a transverse electric field. This Nernst signal peaks at an intermediate temperature and magnetic field, presumably where the entropy difference between the vortex core and the superfluid environment is largest. There is a puzzling similarity of the amplitude of this peak across many different superconductors. This peak can be assimilated to a minimum in the viscosity to entropy density ratio of the vortex liquid. Expressed in units of

ℏ

k

B

, this minimum is one order of magnitude larger than what is seen in common liquids. Moreover, the entropy stocked in the vortex core is not identical to the entropy bound to a moving magnetic flux line. Due to a steady exchange of normal quasi-particles, entropy can leak from the vortex core. A slowly moving vortex will be peeled off its entropy within a distance of the order of a superconducting coherence length, provided that the

Δ

E

F

ratio is sufficiently large.
Temporally and spatially resolved micro-rheometry of a transient viscous polymer formation
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Madsen Emilee A , Linnes Jacqueline C , Wereley Steven T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Real-time viscosity measurement techniques have been used to analyze the transition of hydrogels from a liquid state to a gel state. As viscosity is inversely proportional to diffusion coefficient, measuring real-time changes in viscosity can be done through passive rheometry with the addition of tracer particles. Particle diffusometry (PD) quantifies Brownian motion of sub-micron sized fluorescent particles by computing diffusion coefficients via statistical averaging. Herein, we demonstrate a method to study changes in diffusion coefficient as a function of time using PD for a temporally and spatially resolved rheometry measurement technique. We refined the PD algorithm using synthetic images of particles suspended in a liquid undergoing a sigmoidally decreasing diffusion trend to simulate the viscosity change of the solution during gelation. Then, the technique is applied to visualize the temporal and spatial gradients of diffusion coefficient during polyacrylamide hydrogel formation experiments. This work establishes the groundwork for quantifying over time changes in Brownian motion.
Large-bias spectroscopy of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in a double quantum dot
Authors: Potts Heidi , Aspegren Markus , Debbarma Rousan , Lehmann Sebastian , Thelander Claes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have performed tunnel transport spectroscopy on a quantum dot (QD) molecule proximitized by a superconducting contact. In such a system, the scattering between QD spins and Bogoliubov quasiparticles leads to the formation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states within the superconducting gap. In this work, we investigate interactions appearing when one- and two-electron spin states in a double-QD energetically align with the superconducting gap edge. We find that the inter-dot spin-triplet state interacts considerably stronger with the superconductor than the corresponding singlet, pointing to stronger screening. By forming a ring molecule with a significant orbital contribution to the effective g-factor, we observe interactions of all four spin-orbital one-electron states with the superconductor under a weak magnetic field.
Probing the optical near-field of plasmonic nano structure using scanning thermal microscopy
Authors: Nam Kiin , Kim Hyuntae , Park Woongkyu , Ahn Jae Sung , Choi Soobong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) enables to obtain thermal characteristic information such as temperature and thermal conductivity from the signals obtained by scanning a thermometer probe over a sample surface. Particularly, the precise control of the thermometer probe makes it possible to study near-field radiative heat transfer by measuring the near-field thermal energy, which implies that when light is used as a local heat source, photothermal energy can be detected from the optical near-field by approaching the probe in the near-field region. In this study, SThM is applied to generate sub-wavelength near-field optical image in the plasmonic grating coupler. Herein, by controlling the surface plasmon polariton generation, we show that the dominant component of SThM signal is from the optical response rather than the thermal response. The obtained near-field optical images have a spatial resolution of 40 nm and signal to noise ratio of up to 19.8. In addition, field propagation images in the Z-direction can be visualised with the precise control of the distance between the thermometer probe and the sample
A simple method for the preparation of CeO2 with high antioxidant activity and wide application range
Authors: Li Dongxiao , Guo Zhimin , Zhao Ruihuan , Yin Nan , Xu Qingling , Yao Xin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) is a well-known antioxidant with the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species due to its unique electronic structure and chemical properties. Although many methods to enhance the antioxidant activity of CeO2 have been reported, its antioxidant activity is still not high enough, and some enhancement effects are limited by the material concentration. There are also some CeO2 obtained with high antioxidant activity at high concentrations, which is not conducive to the application of biomedicine. Therefore, it is urgent to obtain CeO2 material with low cell cytotoxicity, high antioxidant activity and wide application range. In this work, rod-like metal organic framework derived CeO2 (CeO2-MOF) was prepared by a simple method. Compared with the CeO2 nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method, it shows better antioxidant activity compared with the CeO2 nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method. Moreover, the advantage of CeO2-MOF’s antioxidant activity is not affected by the hydroxyl radical and material concentrations The reason why CeO2-MOF has higher antioxidant activity should be attributed to its higher Ce3+ content and larger specific surface area. In addition, CeO2-MOF also exhibits low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells and PC12 cells in vitro. The strategy of using MOF as a structural and compositional material to create CeO2 provides a new method to explore highly efficient and biocompatible CeO2 for practical applications.
A high-resolution pediatric female whole-body numerical model with comparison to a male model
Authors: Ntolkeras Georgios , Jeong Hongbae , Zöllei Lilla , Dmytriw Adam A , Purvaziri Ali , Lev Michael H , Grant P Ellen , Bonmassar Giorgio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Numerical models are central in designing and testing novel medical devices and in studying how different anatomical changes may affect physiology. Despite the numerous adult models available, there are only a few whole-body pediatric numerical models with significant limitations. In addition, there is a limited representation of both male and female biological sexes in the available pediatric models despite the fact that sex significantly affects body development, especially in a highly dynamic population. As a result, we developed Athena, a realistic female whole-body pediatric numerical model with high-resolution and anatomical detail. Approach. We segmented different body tissues through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) images of a healthy 3.5 year-old female child using 3D Slicer. We validated the high anatomical accuracy segmentation through two experienced sub-specialty-certified neuro-radiologists and the inter and intra-operator variability of the segmentation results comparing sex differences in organ metrics with physiologic values. Finally, we compared Athena with Martin, a similar male model, showing differences in anatomy, organ metrics, and MRI dosimetric exposure. Main results. We segmented 267 tissue compartments, which included 50 brain tissue labels. The tissue metrics of Athena displayed no deviation from the literature value of healthy children. We show the variability of brain metrics in the male and female models. Finally, we offer an example of computing Specific Absorption Rate and Joule heating in a toddler/preschooler at 7 T MRI. Significance. This study introduces a female realistic high-resolution numerical model using MRI and CT scans of a 3.5 year-old female child, the use of which includes but is not limited to radiofrequency safety studies for medical devices (e.g. an implantable medical device safety in MRI), neurostimulation studies, and radiation dosimetry studies. This model will be open source and available on the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging website.
Noninvasive ultrasound assessment of tissue internal pressure using dual mode elasticity imaging: a phantom study
Authors: Liu Jingfei , Yoon Heechul , Emelianov Stanislav Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Tissue internal pressure, such as interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors and intramuscular pressure in compartment syndrome, is closely related to the pathological state of tissues. It is of great diagnostic value to measure and/or monitor the internal pressure of targeted tissues. Because most of the current methods for measuring tissue pressure are invasive, noninvasive methods are highly desired. In this study, we developed a noninvasive method for qualitative assessment of tissue internal pressure based on a combination of two ultrasound elasticity imaging methods: strain imaging and shear wave elasticity imaging. Approach. The method was verified through experimental investigation using two tissue-mimicking phantoms each having an inclusion confined by a membrane, in which hydrostatic pressures can be applied and maintained. To examine the sensitivity of the elasticity imaging methods to pressure variation, strain ratio and shear modulus ratio (SMR) between the inclusion and background of phantom were obtained. Main results. The results first experimentally prove that pressure, in addition to elasticity, is a contrast mechanism of strain imaging, and further demonstrate that a comparative analysis of strain ratio and SMR is an effective method for noninvasive tissue internal pressure detection. Significance. This work provides a new perspective in interpreting the strain ratio data in medical diagnosis, and it also provides a noninvasive alternative for assessing tissue internal pressure, which could be valuable for the diagnosis of pressure-related diseases.
A 2D dynamic model for the impact of time-dependent low-mode drive asymmetries on the shell asymmetries during acceleration phases of ICF implosions
Authors: Li Chuanying , Gu Jianfa , Kang Dongguo , Ge Fengjun , Zou Shiyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low-mode drive asymmetries are known as significant performance degradation factors in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. We propose a two-dimensional (2D) dynamic model to explore the impact of time-dependent low-mode drive asymmetries on the shell asymmetries in acceleration phases of implosions. Since during acceleration, the shell areal density (

ρ

R

s

) asymmetries are relatively small, we can treat the shell as thin shell pieces with finite mass and infinitesimally small thicknesses, neglecting the angular flows between these pieces. The radial motion of each shell piece is dominated by Newton’s law. Through this model, the evolution of the shell radial velocity

v

s

and the shell radius

R

s

asymmetries of degree n can be characterized in terms of the drive temperature, time-dependent drive asymmetry of degree n and the average

ρ

R

s

,

v

s

,

R

s

obtained from one-dimensional (1D) simulations. The acceleration phases of typical gas-fill capsule and layered DT capsule implosions with P
2 or P
4 drive asymmetries are explored using this model and validated using both 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations and available backlit shell distortion measurements. This model gives a useful tool for ICF design, with an advantage of simplicity and speed.
On the positive and negative damping effect of piezoelectric structure using switched-mode bidirectional energy conversion circuit
Authors: Zhao Bao , Liu Shiyi , Liao Wei-Hsin , Liang Junrui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The introduction of a switched-mode bidirectional energy conversion circuit (BECC) facilitates the development of piezoelectric devices toward integrated and energy-efficient multi-functional designs. These new designs realize the organic combinations of two or more functions among energy harvesting (EH), vibration excitation (VE), and dynamic sensing. Yet, the structural effect after applying the BECC was not comprehensively investigated and strictly quantified. This letter analyzes the electromechanical joint dynamics of a piezoelectric structure using the BECC, which was developed after the synchronized triple bias-flip (S3BF) technique, under different EH and VE operation modes. It shows that the EH modes electrically induce an extra positive damping effect, while the VE modes induce a negative one. A lumped model and impedance analysis are used to evaluate the electrically induced damping and the energy conversion efficiency by the BECC. The closed-form expression of the vibration displacement under different operation modes is derived. Experiments are carried out under different operation modes and frequencies. The theoretical and experimental results show good agreement. They validate the damping tuning capability of BECC in either positive or negative damping directions. This switched-mode interface circuit offers a promising solution for building an adaptive dynamic control of piezoelectric structures with high energy efficiency.
Witnessing non-Markovianity by quantum quasi-probability distributions
Authors: Richter Moritz F , Wiedenmann Raphael , Breuer Heinz-Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We employ frames consisting of rank-one projectors (i.e. pure quantum states) and their induced informationally complete quantum measurements to represent generally mixed quantum states by quasi-probability distributions. In the case of discrete frames on finite dimensional systems this results in a vector like representation by quasi-probability vectors, while for the continuous frame of coherent states in continuous variable (CV) systems the approach directly leads to the celebrated representation by Glauber–Sudarshan P-functions and Husimi Q-functions. We explain that the Kolmogorov distances between these quasi-probability distributions lead to upper and lower bounds of the trace distance which measures the distinguishability of quantum states. We apply these results to the dynamics of open quantum systems and construct a non-Markovianity witness based on the Kolmogorov distance of the P- and Q-functions. By means of several examples we discuss the performance of this witness and demonstrate that it is useful in the regime of high entropy states for which a direct evaluation of the trace distance is typically very demanding. For Gaussian dynamics in CV systems we even find a suitable non-Markovianity measure based on the Kolmogorov distance between the P-functions which can alternatively be used as a witness for non-Gaussianity.