bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant R-loop-induced replication stress in MED12-mutant uterine fibroids
Authors: Muralimanoharan Sribalasubashini , Shamby Ross , Stansbury Nicholas , Schenken Robert , de la Pena Avalos Barbara , Javanmardi Samin , Dray Eloise , Sung Patrick , Boyer Thomas G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUterine fibroid (UF) driver mutations in Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) trigger genomic instability and tumor development through unknown mechanisms. Herein, we show that MED12 mutations trigger aberrant R-loop-induced replication stress, suggesting a possible route to genomic instability and a novel therapeutic vulnerability in this dominant UF subclass. Immunohistochemical analyses of patient-matched tissue samples revealed that MED12 mutation-positive UFs, compared to MED12 mutation-negative UFs and myometrium, exhibited significantly higher levels of R-loops and activated markers of Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase-dependent replication stress signaling in situ. Single molecule DNA fiber analysis revealed that primary cells from MED12 mutation-positive UFs, compared to those from patient-matched MED12 mutation-negative UFs and myometrium, exhibited defects in replication fork dynamics, including reduced fork speeds, increased and decreased numbers of stalled and restarted forks, respectively, and increased asymmetrical bidirectional forks. Notably, these phenotypes were recapitulated and functionally linked in cultured uterine smooth muscle cells following chemical inhibition of Mediator-associated CDK8/19 kinase activity that is known to be disrupted by UF driver mutations in MED12. Thus, Mediator kinase inhibition triggered enhanced R-loop formation and replication stress leading to an S-phase cell cycle delay, phenotypes that were rescued by overexpression of the R-loop resolving enzyme RNaseH. Altogether, these findings reveal MED12-mutant UFs to be uniquely characterized by aberrant R-loop induced replication stress, suggesting a possible basis for genomic instability and new avenues for therapeutic intervention that involve the replication stress phenotype in this dominant UF subtype.
Determinants of pneumonia among children attending public health facilities in Worabe town
Authors: Seramo Roza kumdin , Awol Shikur Mohammed , Wabe Yasin Awol , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildhood pneumonia is common in developing countries, with significant morbidity and mortality. Taking the significance of the problem and variability of risk factors into account, a study was needed to identify the potential determinants of pneumonia in under-five children. A facility-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 435 children (145 cases and 290 controls) aged 2–59 months at public health facilities in Worabe town from December 28, 2016, to January 30, 2017. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 22. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to determine association between dependant and independent variables. Among the factors assessed, stunting [AOR = 3.6,95% CI: 1.9–6.9], carrying the child on the back during cooking [AOR = 2.0,95% CI: 1.2–3.2], absence of chimney in the cooking room [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3–3.7], having a history of asthma [AOR = 5.0,95% CI: 2–12], and a previous acute upper respiratory tract infection [AOR = 3.7,95% CI:2.3–6.1] were significantly associated with pneumonia.
Paper-based genetic assays with bioconjugated gold nanorods and an automated readout pipeline
Authors: Borri Claudia , Centi Sonia , Chioccioli Sofia , Bogani Patrizia , Micheletti Filippo , Gai Marco , Grandi Paolo , Laschi Serena , Tona Francesco , Barucci Andrea , Zoppetti Nicola , Pini Roberto , Ratto Fulvio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPaper-based biosensors featuring immunoconjugated gold nanoparticles have gained extraordinary momentum in recent times as the platform of choice in key cases of field applications, including the so-called rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we propose a revision of this format, one that may leverage on the most recent advances in materials science and data processing. In particular, we target an amplifiable DNA rather than a protein analyte, and we replace gold nanospheres with anisotropic nanorods, which are intrinsically brighter by a factor of ~ 10, and multiplexable. By comparison with a gold-standard method for dot-blot readout with digoxigenin, we show that gold nanorods entail much faster and easier processing, at the cost of a higher limit of detection (from below 1 to 10 ppm in the case of plasmid DNA containing a target transgene, in our current setup). In addition, we test a complete workflow to acquire and process photographs of dot-blot membranes with custom-made hardware and regression tools, as a strategy to gain more analytical sensitivity and potential for quantification. A leave-one-out approach for training and validation with as few as 36 sample instances already improves the limit of detection reached by the naked eye by a factor around 2. Taken together, we conjecture that the synergistic combination of new materials and innovative tools for data processing may bring the analytical sensitivity of paper-based biosensors to approach the level of lab-grade molecular tests.
Biomechanical consequences of anterior root detachment of the lateral meniscus and its reinsertion
Authors: Espejo-Reina Alejandro , Prado-Novoa Maria , Espejo-Baena Alejandro , Peña-Trabalon Alejandro , Perez-Blanca Ana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTreatment of posterior meniscal roots tears evolved after biomechanical evidence of increased pressures on the tibiofemoral cartilage produced by this lesion and the subsequent accelerated development of arthritis or osteonecrosis observed clinically. However, little is known about the consequences of the detachment of the anterior roots. This in-vitro study analyzes the biomechanical changes in the tibiofemoral joint caused by avulsion of the anterior root of the lateral meniscus. The effectiveness of surgical root re-insertion to restore the pre-injured conditions is also evaluated. Using cadaveric knees at flexion angles from 0° to 90°, results show that the lesion significantly reduces the contact area and raises the pressure on the tibiofemoral cartilage of the injured compartment at all angles. Said modifications become larger at low flexion angles, which are the most frequent positions adopted by the knee in daily and sports activities, where they result similar to total meniscectomy. In-situ repair partially restores the contact biomechanics. Consequently, careful attention should be paid to proper diagnosis and treatment of detached anterior roots since the observed altered knee contact might induce similar degenerative problems in the cartilage as with completely detached posterior roots.
Low-temperature stress affects reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment substances, and antioxidants in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the reproductive stage
Authors: Guo Zhenhua , Cai Lijun , Liu Chuanxue , Chen Zhiqiang , Guan Shiwu , Ma Wendong , Pan Guojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sensitivity of rice to low-temperature stress (LTS), especially at the reproductive stage, is a primary factor of rice yield fluctuation in cold cultivate region. Here, the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmotic adjustment substances, and antioxidants in different tissues were analyzed during rice growing under low temperatures (LT) at the reproductive stage. Results showed that LTS increases the levels of proline (Pro), soluble protein (SP), glutathione (GSH), superoxidase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in LJ25 (LTS-resistant) and LJ11 (LTS-sensitive). The activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly increased in LJ25 but decreased in LJ11 under LTS, while an opposite trend in ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in both varieties. Moreover, most physicochemical properties were higher in flag leaves and panicles compared with those in leaf sheaths. The expression patterns of OsCOIN, OsCATC, OsMAP1, OsPOX1, and OsAPX were the same with phenotypic changes in Pro and the enzymes encoded by them, confirming the accuracy of the physicochemical analysis. Therefore, only CAT and POD increased more in LJ25, suggesting they could be the key factors used for LT-tolerant breeding of rice in cold regions.
Contrasting diversity patterns of prokaryotes and protists over time and depth at the San-Pedro Ocean Time series
Authors: Yeh Yi-Chun , Fuhrman Jed A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Community dynamics are central in microbial ecology, yet we lack studies comparing diversity patterns among marine protists and prokaryotes over depth and multiple years. Here, we characterized microbes at the San-Pedro Ocean Time series (2005–2018), using SSU rRNA gene sequencing from two size fractions (0.2–1 and 1–80 μm), with a universal primer set that amplifies from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, allowing direct comparisons of diversity patterns in a single set of analyses. The 16S + 18S rRNA gene composition in the small size fraction was mostly prokaryotic (&gt;92%) as expected, but the large size fraction unexpectedly contained 46–93% prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes. Prokaryotes and protists showed opposite vertical diversity patterns; prokaryotic diversity peaked at mid-depth, protistan diversity at the surface. Temporal beta-diversity patterns indicated prokaryote communities were much more stable than protists. Although the prokaryotic communities changed monthly, the average community stayed remarkably steady over 14 years, showing high resilience. Additionally, particle-associated prokaryotes were more diverse than smaller free-living ones, especially at deeper depths, contributed unexpectedly by abundant and diverse SAR11 clade II. Eukaryotic diversity was strongly correlated with the diversity of particle-associated prokaryotes but not free-living ones, reflecting that physical associations result in the strongest interactions, including symbioses, parasitism, and decomposer relationships.
Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Barutta Federica , Bellini Stefania , Gruden Gabriella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
An improved distance relay based on electronic transformer by using instantaneous value after equal transfer processes
Authors: Li Baowei , Wen Minghao , Shi Xin , Wang Li , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the formation mechanism of the transmission distortion of electronic voltage transformer, and points out that the integrator will magnify the transient transfer error and superimpose the dynamic additional component on the output signal, which may cause the transfer distortion of voltage signal in serious cases. To restrict the electronic transformer transient variable error effect on distance relay, a distance relay method using instantaneous value after equal transfer processes is proposed. It directly uses output differential signals of the capacitor voltage divider and Rogowski coil. The capacitor voltage divider and Rogowski coil are decomposed into several typical variable link in series. The virtual digital transfer link, which is constructed by the digital filter, is used to compensate for the difference parts of the transfer link, so that the voltage and current signals pass through the same transfer link. It can mitigate the influence of voltage and current signal transfer difference on the calculation accuracy of distance relay. The simulation results show that the proposed distance relay method has fast operation speed and is less affected by abnormal voltage and current signal transfer, and its performance is better than existing distance relay methods.
A search method for a hypersonic gliding vehicle based on early warning information guidance
Authors: Zhang Junbiao , Xiong Jiajun , Li Lingzhi , Xi Qiushi , Chen Xin , Li Fan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe high speed and high manoeuvrability of a hypersonic gliding vehicle (HGV) pose a severe challenge to the existing early warning detection system. Optimising the search resources of a phased array radar to improve the HGV detecting efficiency has become a practical problem. In this study, a HGV search method based on a hybrid optimisation algorithm is proposed with the early warning information guidance as a priori condition. Firstly, the HGV priority judgement model is established, and the priority quantification equations for height, velocity and distance are designed. Secondly, the search parameters of the radar are optimised with the maximum cumulative detection probability, the shortest average discovery time and the highest priority level as the objective functions, and a radar search model is established. Finally, to overcome the problem that particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is easy to fall into local optimal solution, a hybrid optimisation algorithm based on differential evolution (DE) and PSO is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is verified in two simulation scenarios, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms existing mainstream search methods and can reasonably allocate search resources according to the priority of HGV.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Dannert Felix A. , Ottiger Maurice , Quanz Sascha P. , Laugier Romain , Fontanet Emile , Gheorghe Adrian , Absil Olivier , Dandumont Colin , Defrère Denis , Gascón Carlos , Glauser Adrian M. , Kammerer Jens , Lichtenberg Tim , Linz Hendrik , Loicq Jerôme ,   the LIFE collaboration
Published: April 2022

Context.The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) initiative is developing the science and a technology road map for an ambitious space mission featuring a space-based mid-infrared (MIR) nulling interferometer in order to detect the thermal emission of hundreds of exoplanets and characterize their atmospheres.Aims.In order to quantify the science potential of such a mission, in particular in the context of technical trade-offs, an instrument simulator is required. In addition, signal extraction algorithms are needed to verify that exoplanet properties (e.g., angular separation and spectral flux) contained in simulated exoplanet data sets can be accurately retrieved.Methods.We present LIFEsim, a software tool developed for simulating observations of exoplanetary systems with an MIR space-based nulling interferometer. It includes astrophysical noise sources (i.e., stellar leakage and thermal emission from local zodiacal and exozodiacal dust) and offers the flexibility to include instrumental noise terms in the future. Here, we provide some first quantitative limits on instrumental effects that would allow the measurements to remain in the fundamental noise limited regime. We demonstrate updated signal extraction approaches to validating signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) estimates from the simulator. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate a mock survey of nearby terrestrial exoplanets and determine to which accuracy fundamental planet properties can be retrieved.Results.LIFEsimprovides an accessible way to predict the expected S/N of future observations as a function of various key instrument and target parameters. The S/Ns of the extracted spectra are photon noise dominated, as expected from our current simulations. Signals from multi-planet systems can be reliably extracted. From single-epoch observations in our mock survey of small (R <1.5REarth) planets orbiting within the habitable zones of their stars, we find that typical uncertainties in the estimated effective temperature of the exoplanets are ≲10%, for the exoplanet radius ≲20%, and for the separation from the host star ≲2%. Signal-to-noise-ratio values obtained in the signal extraction process deviate by less than 10% from purely photon-counting statistics-based S/Ns.Conclusions.LIFEsimhas been sufficiently well validated so that it can be shared with a broader community interested in quantifying various exoplanet science cases that a future space-based MIR nulling interferometer could address. Reliable signal extraction algorithms exist, and our results underline the power of the MIR wavelength range for deriving fundamental exoplanet properties from single-epoch observations.
17.8.6 Chlorins (Dihydroporphyrins) (Update 2022)
Authors: Jux N. , Montforts F.-P. , Haake E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 17.8.2.1) on chlorins, covering recent developments in reported methods for the synthesis and modifications of the chlorin core. The focus is mainly on the literature published in the period 2000–2021, and includes approaches for the synthesis of chlorins such as ring-closure reactions, oxidation or reduction of porphyrins, and cycloadditions.
17.8.7 Bacteriochlorins and Isobacteriochlorins (Tetrahydroporphyrins), and Hexahydroporphyrins (Update 2022)
Authors: Jux N. , Montforts F.-P. , Haake E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis update describes methods for the preparation and transformations of the tetrahydroporphyrin compounds bacteriochlorins and isobacteriochlorins, and also covers hexahydroporphyrin structures. The focus is mainly on the literature published in the period 2000–2021, and includes strategies such as ring-closure reactions and oxidation or reduction of porphyrins/chlorins.
26.1.2.5 Synthesis of Ketones by Oxidation of Alkanes (Update 2022)
Authors: Santana V. C. S. , Munaretto L. S. , de Lucca, Jr. E. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter is an update to Science of Synthesis Section 26.1.2, which included the synthesis of ketones by oxidation of alkanes. This contribution is focused on reports published during the period 2007–2020 that describe the synthesis of ketones by transition-metal catalysis, photochemically and electrochemically mediated methods, as well as the use of supported catalysts and metal-free oxidation of alkanes.
38.12 Product Class 12: Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides
Authors: Barsegyan Y. , Vil’ V. A. , Tomkinson N. C. O. , Terent'ev A. O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes methods for the preparation of cyclic diacyl peroxides and their application as reagents in organic synthesis. Reaction of these peroxides with C=C and C-H compounds results in the selective formation of new C-O bonds.
42.12.8 Alkylphosphonium Salts (Update 2022)
Authors: Ayad T. , Pirat J.-L. , Virieux D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhosphonium salts are compounds of great synthetic interest, both as reactants in numerous reactions and, more recently, as organocatalysts in enantioselective organic transformations and metal-free catalytic processes. This chapter is an update to the previously published Section 42.12 and is dedicated to the synthesis of alkylphosphonium salts, meaning that the phosphorus atom is connected to at least one alkyl substituent. The focus is on reports in the literature from 2010 to 2020. Key developments during this period that are covered include fluorinated phosphonium salts, phosphonium-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), and chiral alkylphosphonium salts. Advances in catalytic and asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis are also discussed.
42.18.2 Pentacoordinated Phosphoranes (Update 2022)
Authors: Pajkert R. , Röschenthaler G.-V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter on pentacoordinated phosphoranes (Section 42.18), and covers methods for their synthesis and application published up to 2020. Due to the fact that the past years have seen a considerable number of papers including spirocyclic phosphoranes, reports on the synthesis have been limited to selected spirophosphoranes such as spirohydrophosphoranes, caged phosphoranes, or metallophosphoranes. In addition, some classical examples of the preparation of these types of compound are also discussed in this review.
42.19.3 Hexacoordinated Phosphates (Update 2022)
Authors: Pajkert R. , Röschenthaler G.-V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 42.19), and provides a survey of the chemistry of hexacoordinated phosphates published during the period 2008–2019. A noteworthy feature of the literature reviewed in this period is the considerable number of protocols describing the preparation of fluorinated phosphates. In this regard, this section focuses on a single class of these compounds, hexafluorophosphate derivatives possessing a P—C bond.
Auditing the representation of migrants in image web search results
Authors: Urman Aleksandra , Makhortykh Mykola , Ulloa Roberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSearch engines serve as information gatekeepers on a multitude of topics that are prone to gender, ethnicity, and race misrepresentations. In this paper, we specifically look at the image search representation of migrant population groups that are often subjected to discrimination and biased representation in mainstream media, increasingly so with the rise of right-wing populist actors in the Western countries. Using multiple (n = 200) virtual agents to simulate human browsing behavior in a controlled environment, we collect image search results related to various terms referring to migrants (e.g., expats, immigrants, and refugees, seven queries in English and German used in total) from the six most popular search engines. Then, with the aid of manual coding, we investigate which features are used to represent these groups and whether the representations are subjected to bias. Our findings indicate that search engines reproduce ethnic and gender biases common for mainstream media representations of different subgroups of migrant population. For instance, migrant representations tend to be highly racialized, and female migrants as well as migrants at work tend to be underrepresented in the results. Our findings highlight the need for further algorithmic impact auditing studies in the context of representation of potentially vulnerable groups in web search results.