bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling leachate generation: practical scenarios for municipal solid waste landfills in Poland
Authors: Podlasek Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe idea of water balance calculations within the landfill is to determine the distribution of water input and output, and finally the volume of leachate generated. The scope of this data is essential for rational planning of water and wastewater management, and designing leachate drainage network and leachate treatment systems. The aim of this study was to assess the possible amounts of leachate generation regarding ten different scenarios of landfill sealing systems. The calculations were performed using the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model. It was revealed that the greatest share among the components of water balance in the landfill has precipitation (on average 509 mm in the 5-year period of simulation), together with evapotranspiration (on average 391 mm in the 5-year period of simulation). The study shows that the minimum amount of leachate (797–803 m3/year) occurs when the best placement quality (=5) is regarded for the geomembrane installed in the bottom of the landfill. The maximum leachate generation (830 m3/year) was found for those scenarios in which only three layers of bottom sealing systems were adopted, with the worst placement quality (=1) assigned to geomembranes. The results of this study confirm that the application of multilayer sealing systems has visible impact on the reduction of leachate generation of around 33 m3/year.
The association of measures of body shape and adiposity with incidence of cardiometabolic disease from an ageing perspective
Authors: Meulmeester Fleur L. , Willems van Dijk Ko , Mooijaart Simon P. , van Heemst Diana , Noordam Raymond 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), these associations seem to attenuate with increasing age, albeit studied poorly. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between adiposity and CMDs in sex-specific groups of chronological age and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a measure of biological age. We investigated the associations between BMI, a body shape index, waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI) and total body fat, and incident coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ischemic stroke (IS) in 413,017 European-ancestry participants of the UK Biobank without CMD at baseline. We assessed the change in the associations between adiposity and CMD over strata of increasing chronological age or decreasing LTL. Participants (56% women) had a median (IQR) age of 57.0 (50.0–63.0) years. The median follow-up time was 12 years. People with higher BMI had a higher risk of incident CAD (HR 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 1.16)), T2D (HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.68, 1.72)) and IS (HR 1.09 (95% CI 1.06, 1.12)). In groups based on chronological age and LTL, adiposity measures were associated with higher risk of CAD and T2D in both men and women, but these associations attenuated with increasing chronological age (Pinteractions < 0.001), but not with decreasing LTL (Pinteraction men = 0.85; Pinteraction women = 0.27). Increased (abdominal) adiposity was associated with higher risk of incident CMDs, which attenuated with increasing chronological age but not with decreasing LTL. Future research may validate these findings using different measures of biological age.
Der stigmatisierte Körper. Bewertungspraktiken und -konstellationen im Fall „Konnersreuth“
Authors: Meier Frank , Peetz Thorsten 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht das Bewertungsgeschehen um den Körper der katholischen Stigmatisierten Therese Neumann aus Konnersreuth (1898–1962). Dazu nutzt er zwei komplementäre bewertungssoziologische Perspektiven: Die der „Situation“ und die der „Konstellation“. Aus der Situationsperspektive identifiziert er auf der Grundlage historischer Dokumente drei kontrastierende Typen von Bewertungssituationen („Normalsituation“, „Situation der Leidensekstase“, „medizinische Situation“). Der Artikel rekonstruiert, wie der Körper Neumanns geprägt durch die jeweiligen Situationsbedingungen Gegenstand der Bewertung wird. Im Fall der außeralltäglichen Situation der „Leidensekstase“ avanciert der Körper der Bewertenden darüber hinaus selbst zum Bewertungsinstrument. Aus der Konstellationsperspektive lassen sich Formen der Verknüpfung von Situationen identifizieren. Wir rekonstruieren die Form der Verkennung, in der sich Bewertungskonstellationen überlagern, in denen Bewertende sich wechselseitig den Bezug auf identische Bewertungsobjekte unterstellen, aber unterschiedliche Bewertungsobjekte konstruieren.
Total esophagogastric dissociation (TEGD) in neurologically impaired children: the floor to parents
Authors: Parente Giovanni , Cravano Sara Maria , Di Mitri Marco , Thomas Eduje , Girella Chiara , D’Antonio Simone , Gargano Tommaso , Lima Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTotal esophagogastric dissociation (TEGD) was proposed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) both as a rescue in case of fundoplication failure and as first-line surgery in neurologically impaired children (NIC). Aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of TEGD on the quality of life (QoL) of both NIC and their caregivers focusing on the parents’ point of view. A retrospective observational study was conducted on all NIC who underwent TEGD in our center between 2012 and 2022. A questionnaire centered on the parents’ point of view and investigating QoL of NIC and their caregivers was administered to all patients’ parents. Data were compared using Fisher exact test and Mann–Whitney test; a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 12 patients were enrolled in the study. Parents reported improvements in weight gain (p = 0.03), sleep disorders, apnea, regurgitation and vomiting (p < 0.01). Caregivers also declared a decrease in number of hospitalizations, particularly related to severe respiratory infections and ab ingestis pneumonia (p = 0.01). We also documented a reduction of caregivers’ worries during food administration (p < 0.01). 50% of parents whose children were subjected to both fundoplication and TEGD would suggest TEGD as first line surgical treatment instead of fundoplication. According to parents’ point of view, TEGD improves significantly NIC QoL and 50% of them would enthusiastically suggest TEGD as first-line surgical approach to GERD in NIC.
How to Manage Taste Disorders
Authors: Hsieh Julien Wen , Daskalou Dimitrios , Macario Sonia , Voruz Francois , Landis Basile Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This study aims to summarize the current state of the art of how taste disorders are clinically best managed.

Recent Findings
Taste disorders are distressing for the concerned patients since eating and drinking become bothersome or impossible. Apart from nutritional problems, quality of life is impaired. Still, diagnosis and treatment of taste disorders are elusive, and general knowledge about taste and its affection is little within the population and the medical community. This review stresses the importance of accurate workup and diagnosis of taste disorders in order to offer an effective treatment. Yet unclear aspects of taste disorders are discussed, and interesting findings regarding the treatment of taste disorders are reviewed. A special focus is given to current pharmacological options on how to treat taste disorders.

Summary
Despite impressive insights into the gustatory function and molecular logic of taste receptor cells, there is currently poor clinical knowledge on the pathophysiology of taste disorders in humans. Diagnosing, measuring, and treating gustatory disorders remain restricted to a handful of specialized smell and taste centers worldwide. Despite interesting work on potential drugs treating taste disorders, many of the reported medications lack controlled and randomized trials confirming their efficacy in taste dysfunction. Future efforts need to be focused on the treatment of taste disorders.
Humoral immunity induced by mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in Nursing Home Residents previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fedele Giorgio , Palmieri Annapina , Damiano Cecilia , Di Lonardo Anna , Leone Pasqualina , Schiavoni Ilaria , Trevisan Caterina , Abbatecola Angela Marie , Cafariello Carmine , Malara Alba , Minchella Pasquale , Panduri Giuseppina , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Palamara Anna Teresa , Stefanelli Paola , Onder Graziano ,   The GeroCovid Vax Study Group
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Nursing home (NH) residents suffered the greatest impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited data are available on vaccine-induced immunity and on the protection ensured by a prior infection in this population.

Aims
The present study aims to monitor antibody levels and their persistence over a 6-month period in NH residents according to the history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
We measured anti-trimeric Spike IgG antibody levels in a sample of 395 residents from 25 NHs in 6 Italian Regions at study enrolment (prior to the first dose of vaccine, T0) and then after 2 (T1) and 6 months (T2) following the first vaccine dose. All participants received mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). Analyses were performed using log-transformed values of antibody concentrations and geometric means (GM) were calculated.

Results
Superior humoral immunity was induced in NH residents with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. (T0: GM 186.6 vs. 6.1 BAU/ml, p < 0.001; T1: GM 5264.1 vs. 944.4 BAU/ml, p < 0.001; T2: GM 1473.6 vs. 128.7 BAU/ml, p < 0.001). Residents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection receiving two vaccine doses presented significantly higher antibody concentration at T1 and T2. A longer interval between previous infection and vaccination was associated with a better antibody response over time.

Discussion
In a frail sample of NH residents, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher humoral response to vaccination. Number of vaccine doses and the interval between infection and vaccination are relevant parameters in determining humoral immunity.

Conclusions
These findings provide important information to plan future immunization policies and disease prevention strategies in a highly vulnerable population.
MicroRNA circolanti come biomarcatori per il diabete mellito di tipo 2: avanzamenti e prospettive future
Authors: Grieco Giuseppina Emanuela , Fignani Daniela , Dotta Francesco , Sebastiani Guido 
Published: September 2022

SommarioIl diabete mellito di tipo 2 (DMT2) è una malattia metabolica cronica eterogenea in costante aumento. In questa rassegna, al fine di identificare un gruppo di microRNA (miRNA) con potenziale applicazione in clinica come biomarcatori per la diagnosi, prognosi e selezione di terapie personalizzate per i pazienti con DMT2, abbiamo effettuato una ricerca sistematica di letteratura, identificando e selezionando 10 miRNA (miR-126-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-30d-5p e miR-30c-5p).
Genetica delle forme di iperplasia bilaterale del surrene secernenti cortisolo
Authors: Occhi Gianluca , Puggina Daniele , Zivanovic Aleksandra , Ceccato Filippo 
Published: September 2022

SommarioLe iperplasie surrenaliche bilaterali sono una delle cause di ipercortisolemia endogena cronica associate alla sindrome di Cushing e, in base alla dimensione della lesione, vengono suddivise in forme micro- (PPNAD e iMAD) e macronodulari (PBMAH). Negli ultimi anni sono stati compiuti numerosi passi in avanti nella comprensione delle cause genetiche e molecolari di queste diverse forme di iperplasia. Fra queste, di primaria importanza sono quelle che coinvolgono le mutazioni e la disregolazione di effettori/modulatori della via cAMP/protein chinasi A (PKA). Il signalling della PKA, infatti, rappresenta il pathway molecolare principale che controlla la secrezione di cortisolo nelle cellule corticosurrenali, mediato dall’ACTH. Sebbene le mutazioni della subunità regolatoria R1$\alpha $
α
della PKA rappresentino la causa principale di PPNAD familiare e sporadica, l’inattivazione di due fosfodiesterasi, PDE11A e PDE8B, è stata associata a iMAD, ma anche ad alcuni casi di PPNAD e PBMAH. È interessante notare che la PBMAH osservata in sindromi familiari, quali FAP, MEN1 e HLRCC, è stata inizialmente associata all’espressione aberrante dei recettori accoppiati a proteine G con conseguente attivazione della via cAMP/PKA. La recente scoperta dell’associazione fra mutazioni germinali nel gene KDM1A e ARMC5 ha dato un definitivo slancio all’importanza della componente ereditaria nella PBMAH.
The expertise effect: the impact of legal specialists’ intervention on the timely delivery of laymen's judgments
Authors: Nizza Umberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrance relies exclusively on lay assessors to solve conflicts between entrepreneurs and employees for the longest time compared to any other civil jurisdiction. Given the lack of legal training of labor judges, the paper tests whether an intensification in the offer for legal services, whether coming from professional judges or specialized labor lawyers, induces delays in the procedure. Using a two-stage least squared estimating method and an innovative dataset on French labor courts between 2013 and 2017, the manuscript estimates the effect of an increase in the intervention of legal experts in labor litigation. The analysis showed that referrals to a professional judge delay labor cases’ solutions but refuted the long-standing economic theory that lawyers induce delay to acquire higher fees. This study indicates that the current structure of employment courts, entirely left in the hand of laymen with little knowledge of the ever-changing labor legislation, should be reconsidered to foster collaborative solutions accounting for industrial experience and, at the same time, legal competency.
The Management Practice of Servant Leadership: A Levinasian Enrichment
Authors: McGhee Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper applies Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophy to the management practice of leadership. Specifically, it focuses on servant leadership, which is considered the most dyadic other-oriented style. While often viewed altruistically, servant leadership can still be egological if it totalizes followers to a leader’s interests and to organizational ends. This paper conceptualises an enriched version of servant leadership using key ideas taken from Levinas’ understanding of the infinite Other and then describes this style using relevant examples. This novel approach, Servant-Leadership-for-the-Other, offers a theoretical lens by which to enrich existing leadership practices as well as providing a style of leadership better suited for the twenty-first century.
Die Mannigfaltigkeit möglicher Maximen als Problem für Kants Theorie des obersten Prinzips der Moral
Authors: Lohmar Jasper 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDiese Untersuchung widmet sich einem Problem, das sich für Kants Konzeption des kategorischen Imperativs aus der Möglichkeit einer unterschiedlich feinkörnigen Individuation von Handlungstypen bei der Bildung von Maximen ergibt. Das hier präsentierte Argument aus der Mannigfaltigkeit möglicher Maximen entwickelt das bekannte „Problem of Relevant Descriptions“ weiter und verschärft es. Ich argumentiere, dass es Fälle gibt, in denen dieselbe Handlung sowohl unter einer universalisierbaren als auch unter einer nicht universalisierbaren Maxime vollzogen werden kann, sodass Kants Moraltheorie, unter der Annahme der Notwendigkeit moralischer Tatsachen, impliziert, dass es Handlungen gibt, die zugleich erlaubt und nicht erlaubt sind. Die Diskussion ergibt, dass eine hinreichende Begrenzung des Maximenbegriffs für das Ausschließen eines heterogenen Auswertungsergebnisses zweier Maximen, die derselben Handlung zugrunde liegen können, ohne ad hoc-Bestimmungen unmöglich ist. Folglich ist eine Modifikation von Kants Moraltheorie erforderlich, um zumindest ihre Konsistenz sicherzustellen. Die Untersuchung endet mit der Diskussion zweier solcher Modifikationen: Zunächst untersuche ich den Lösungsvorschlag, den moralischen Status von Handlungen nur Maximen-relativ zu bestimmen und die Annahme aufzugeben, dass Handlungen tout court erlaubt oder verboten sind. Ein solcher Schritt stellt jedoch einen tiefen Eingriff in Kants Moralphilosophie dar und geht, wie ich zeigen werde, seinerseits mit gravierenden Problemen einher. Anschließend diskutiere ich die Möglichkeit, die Universalisierungsformel des kategorischen Imperativs dahingehend zu modifizieren, dass sie nicht bloß über aktuale, sondern über alle möglichen Maximen quantifiziert. Obgleich auch dieser Lösungsvorschlag problembehaftet ist, erweist er sich im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung als der aussichtsreichste Ansatz.
Traveling Salesperson Problem with Simple Obstacles: The Role of Multidimensional Scaling and the Role of Clustering
Authors: VanDrunen Jacob , Nam Kevin , Beers Mark , Pizlo Zygmunt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of the traveling salesperson problem (TSP) is to find a shortest tour through all nodes in a graph. Euclidean TSPs are traditionally represented with “cities” placed on a 2D plane. When straight line obstacles are added to the plane, a tour has to visit all cities while going around obstacles. The resulting problem with obstacles remains metric, but is not Euclidean because the shortest paths are no longer straight lines. We first revise a previous version of multiresolution graph pyramid by modifying the hierarchical clustering stage. Next, we describe two new experiments with human subjects. In the first experiment, the effect of the length of obstacles on the quality of tours produced by subjects was tested with three problem sizes. Long obstacles affect the tours to a greater degree than short obstacles, but long obstacles create obvious clusters and limit the ways in which the tours can be produced. In the second experiment we evaluated the degree to which Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) can compensate for the presence of obstacles. The results show that although MDS approximation can compensate to a large degree for the presence of obstacles, it cannot fully account for human performance. This fact suggests that mental representation of a TSP with obstacles is not Euclidean. Instead, it is likely to be based on hierarchical clustering in which pairwise distances represent the shortest paths around obstacles.
Identification of additional fire blight resistance candidate genes following MinION Oxford Nanopore sequencing and assembly of BAC clone spanning the Malus fusca resistance locus
Authors: Emeriewen Ofere Francis , Piazza Stefano , Cestaro Alessandro , Flachowsky Henryk , Malnoy Mickael , Peil Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPyramiding different fire blight resistance genes and QTLs in future apple cultivars is the most eco-friendly way to combat this disease. Identification of strong fire blight resistance donors, and introgression of their resistance into apple breeding material are a continuing effort of breeding programs. Thus, enormous effort is been put into breeding research to understand host – pathogen interactions and mechanisms of resistance found in Malus. The crabapple Malus fusca (accession MAL0045) is highly resistant to fire blight, and although resistance is strain-dependent, resistance of MAL0045 is not overcome by any known strain of Erwinia amylovora to date. A strong fire blight resistance locus (FB_Mfu10) was fine mapped to an interval of 0.33 Centimorgan (cM) on linkage group (LG) 10 of MAL0045 using 1888 progenies. Subsequently, a single bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone (46H22), which harbours FB_Mfu10-resistance alleles, was identified in a MAL0045 BAC library and sequenced using MiSeq illumina leading to the assembly of 45 contigs. Analyses of the sequence of 46H22 led to the identification of a receptor-like kinase candidate gene. Here, we report about resequencing 46H22 using MinION Oxford Nanopore and successfully assembled the sequences into a single contig, which allowed for identifying additional candidate genes.
Biologia Futura: four questions about ageing and the future of relevant animal models
Authors: Kubinyi Enikő 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how active and healthy ageing can be achieved is one of the most relevant global problems. In this review, I use the “Four questions” framework of Tinbergen to investigate how ageing works, how it might contribute to the survival of species, how it develops during the lifetime of (human) individuals and how it evolved. The focus of ageing research is usually on losses, although trajectories in later life show heterogeneity and many individuals experience healthy ageing. In humans, mild changes in cognition might be a typical part of ageing, but deficits are a sign of pathology. The ageing of the world's populations, and relatedly, the growing number of pathologically ageing people, is one of the major global problems. Animal models can help to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to ageing.
Optimal Entry and Exit Decisions Under Uncertainty and the Impact of Mean Reversion
Authors: Tvedt Jostein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper derives an entrepreneur’s optimal switching between an idle and an active state under stochastic mean reverting output prices. The paper suggests a new categorisation of the effects of mean reversion. Mean reversion affects valuation and optimal entry and exit thresholds via the variance of output prices and expected future cashflows. High variance increases the value of optionality and enhances hysteresis effects. Changes to the expected cashflow path affect the attractiveness of the active relative to the idle state. In addition, changes to the moments affect the implicit risk discounting rate and thereby valuation and the optimal switching strategy.
Eine Perspektive von Grundschulkindern auf Bedingungsfaktoren der aktiven und eigenständigen Mobilität – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Seemüller Selina , Reimers Anne Kerstin , Marzi Isabel 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungNur wenige Kinder erreichen die Bewegungsempfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation und profitieren von den gesundheitlichen Effekten der körperlichen Aktivität. Die Förderung nicht-organisierter Bewegungsaktivitäten, wie die aktive und eigenständige Mobilität, ist ein relevanter Ansatzpunkt für Interventionen zur Bewegungsförderung bei Kindern im Grundschulalter. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, hinderliche und förderliche Faktoren für die eigenständige und aktive Mobilität auf dem Schulweg zu identifizieren, aus welchen geeignete Interventionsmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden können.Im Rahmen der Studie wurden zwölf Grundschulkinder im Alter von acht bis zehn Jahren qualitativ anhand der Photovoice-Methode zu ihrem Schulweg befragt. Basierend auf dem sozial-ökologischen Modell wurden individuelle, soziale und physische Einflussfaktoren aus den Daten extrahiert. Insbesondere die elterliche Erlaubnis, eine mangelnde fahrrad- und fußgängerfreundliche Infrastruktur und rücksichtslose motorisierte Verkehrsteilnehmer*innen hindern Kinder an einem aktiven und eigenständigen Zurücklegen des Schulwegs.Anhand der Studie wurden vielfältige Faktoren auf unterschiedlichen sozial-ökologischen Ebenen identifiziert, welche in Interventionsmaßnahmen zur Förderung eines aktiven und eigenständigen Schulwegs berücksichtigt werden sollten. Zudem sollten Verbesserungsvorschläge der Grundschüler*innen zur Ermöglichung eines aktiven und eigenständigen Schulwegs in der Stadtplanung und -entwicklung kritisch reflektiert und berücksichtigt werden, um kindgerechte Umwelten zu schaffen.