bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived clinical challenges when treating patients from another culture: a study among doctors training in psychiatry in Norway
Authors: Tyssen R. , Sandbu M. , Thapa S. , Rø K. , Jávo C. , Preljevic V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is increased migration of patients and physicians worldwide. In Norway, psychiatry is the medical discipline with highest proportion of foreign doctors (24%). We need empirical studies on transcultural clinical challenges among doctors training in psychiatry.ObjectivesWhat perceived clinical challenges do foreign and native Norwegian young doctors meet when they treat patients from another culture, and what independent factors are associated with such challenges?MethodsWe developed a new 6-item instrument (alpha=0.80), Clinical Transcultural Challenges (CTC), with items about assessing psychosis, risk of suicide, violence etc. The doctors were recruited at mandatory training courses, and they filled in questionnaires about individual factors (age, gender, foreign/native) and work-related factors (training stage, frequency of transcultural meetings, number of working hours, work stress). Associations with CTC were analyzed by linear multiple regression.ResultsThe response rate was 93% (216/233), of whom 83% were native and 17% were foreign doctors, 68% were women. Native doctors reported higher levels of CTC than did foreign doctors, 28.8 (6.2) vs 23.8 (7.2), p<0.001, d=0.73. Both native and foreign doctors rated “assessing psychosis” and “lack of helping tools” as most demanding. Independent factors associated with CTC were being a native doctor, Beta 3.9, p<0.01, and high levels of work-home stress, Beta 0.29, p<0.05.ConclusionsNative doctors training in psychiatry report higher levels of transcultural clinical challenges than foreign doctors do. Both groups of doctors may need more training in transcultural assessment of psychotic disorders. They also report needs for more helping tools, and we should explore this further.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dealing with the Pandemic and After for Children and Adolescents, and their Families
Authors: Apter G. 
Published: September 2022

France has been severely impacted by the pandemic. The first wave imposed a major lockdown, never seen before. The second and third wave lockdown responses were somewhat less dramatic. People were allowed to travel to work. Nursery and elementary schools were left open while high schools had part-time attendance. Spring 2021, still presented with a terrible death toll of 300/day, for a 67million population country. For many months the spotlights were focused on the high levels of mortality and morbidity of the elderly. This somehow obliterated the younger generation’s mental health issues. It now appears that children and adolescents have had to pay a steep price to Covid 19. In France, during the first lockdown, child and adolescent morbidity and mortality due to abuse heightened considerably compared to 2019 during the same period. And during the second and mostly the third lockdown, pediatric emergency wards have been underwater with youth mental health issues ranging form suicidal ideation to acute dissociation. Different hypotheses have emerged on how the pandemic has so dramatically impacted the mental health of children and adolescents, specifically the most vulnerable ones. The consequences this might have for child development and mental health during the years to come will be debated.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cross-cultural analysis of the stigmatising attitudes of psychiatrists across Europe and measurement invariance of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for healthcare providers
Authors: Ori D. , Szocsics P. , Molnar T. , Rozsa S. , Wallies M. , Kazakova O. , Bankovska-Motlova L. , Boivin S. , Raaj S. , Overgaard Ingeholm Klinkby I.M. , Cabacos C. , Pereira A.T. , Matheiken S. , Kakar S. , Greguras S. , Maslak J. , Nechepurenko N. , Kotsis K. , Yilmaz Kafali H. , Mirkovic A. , Rus Prelog P. , Bruna K. , Guevara K. , Strumila R. , Mörkl S. , Abdulhakim M. , Carbone E.A. , Panayi A. , Ivanović I. , Dashi E. , Grech G. , Vircik M. , Schuster F. , Soler-Vidal J. , Pomarol-Clotet E. , Ahmadova G. , Hargi A. , Kisand H. , Grinko N. , Gyorffy Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSince the literature investigating the stigmatising attitudes of psychiatrists is scarce, this is the first study which examines the phenomena across Europe. The Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) is a widely used questionnaire to measure stigma in healthcare providers towards people with mental illness, although it has not been validated in many European countries.ObjectivesA cross-sectional, observational, multi-centre study was conducted in 32 European countries to investigate the attitudes towards patients among specialists and trainees in general adult and child psychiatry. In order to be able to compare stigma scores across cultures, we aimed to calculate measurement invariance.MethodsAn internet-based, anonymous survey was distributed in the participating countries, which was completed by n=4245 psychiatrists. The factor structure of the scale was investigated by using separate confirmatory factor analyses for each country. The cross-cultural validation was based on multigroup confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsWhen country data were analysed separately, the three dimensions of the OMS-HC were confirmed, and the bifactor model showed the best model fit. However, in some countries, a few items were found to be weak. The attitudes towards patients seemed favourable since stigma scores were less than half of the reachable maximum. Results allowed comparison to be made between stigma scores in different countries and subgroups.ConclusionsThis international cooperation has led to the cross-cultural validation of the OMS-HC on a large sample of practicing psychiatrists. The results will be useful in the evaluation of future anti-stigma interventions and will contribute to the knowledge of stigma.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An investigation of depression and inflammation as potential mediators linking adverse childhood experiences with cognitive decline in adulthood: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lowry E. , Mc Inerney A. , Schmitz N. , Deschenes S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with numerous health consequences in adulthood including cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanisms implicated remain unclear.ObjectivesIn this study, depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation were investigated as potential independent mediators of the association between ACEs and cognitive decline.MethodsParticipants were adults aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 3,029; 54.8% female). Measures included self-reported ACEs at wave 3 (2006-2007), C-reactive protein (CRP) and depressive symptoms at wave 4 (2008-2009), and cognitive function at waves 3 and 7 (2014-2015). Mediation analyses examined the direct associations between ACEs and cognitive function at wave 7 and the indirect associations via depressive symptoms and CRP at wave 4 and were conducted using ordinary least squares regression models with the SPSS PROCESS macro. In Step 1, models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and baseline cognitive function. Models in Step 2 were additionally adjusted for obesity and health behaviours (n = 1,874).ResultsCumulative ACEs exposure was shown to positively predict later-life depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted cognitive decline. ACEs were also shown to positively predict systemic inflammation as measured by CRP. However, CRP did not mediate the association between ACEs and cognitive decline.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ACEs are related to cognitive decline partly via depressive symptoms and corroborate prior research linking ACEs with adult systemic inflammation. Efforts towards screening for, preventing, and mitigating the effects of ACEs may therefore represent an important avenue for improving health outcomes in later life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Schizotypal Traits are Associated with Decreased Functional Connectivity between Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Cerebellum in a Non-clinical Sample
Authors: Panikratova Y. , Abdullina E. , Pechenkova E. , Lebedeva I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSchizotypy is associated with increased vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Therefore, investigation of its brain correlates seems prominent for better understanding of schizophrenia-spectrum continuum as well as for development of biological treatments for schizotypal personality disorder. Functional alterations of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and their associations with clinical symptoms are well-known to exist in schizophrenia. However, their relevance to schizotypy remains unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to check for associations between schizotypal traits in a non-clinical sample and whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of lateral as well as medial PFC (lPFC and mPFC, respectively).MethodsEighty-two healthy individuals (52 females, mean age 24.8±5.48) filled out the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-74) and underwent resting-state fMRI (3T). Seeds in lPFC and mPFC were taken from frontoparietal and default mode networks (atlas by Yeo et al., 2011). We analyzed correlations between four schizotypal factors (cognitive/perceptual, paranoid, negative, and disorganization; Stefanis et al., 2004) and whole-brain FC of the seeds (statistical threshold: p<.001 voxelwise; p[FDR]<.05 clusterwise).ResultsCognitive/perceptual factor (‘Odd beliefs/magical thinking’ and ‘Unusual perceptual experiences’ SPQ-74 subscales) is negatively correlated to FC of bilateral mPFC with a cluster in the right cerebellum (Crus 1, 2).ConclusionsPrefrontal-cerebellar dysconnectivity may be one of the neurobiological factors underlying positive-symptoms-like schizotypal traits in non-clinical subjects. To some extent, it coincides with the data on associations between functional features of these brain structures and positive symptoms in schizophrenia (Pinheiro et al., 2021; Goghari et al., 2010).DisclosureThe study was supported by RFBR Grant 20-013-00748.
Organic lesions and Psychiatry: “A sample on a pendant”
Authors: Jiménez Aparicio T. , Medina Ojeda G. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Santos Carrasco I. , Guerra Valera G. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Fernández Lozano M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , Navarro Barriga N. , De Uribe Viloria N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBrain lesions may induce psychiatric symptoms in some cases. Imaging tests are important to make a differential diagnosis, and therefore initiate an appropriate treatment.ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case about a patient with psychiatric symptoms who presented an organic lesion.MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed about psychiatric symptoms induced by organic lesions.ResultsWe present a 51-year-old male patient, with adequate previous functionality, who attended psychiatric consultations due to changes in his character, with delusional mystical and megalomaniac ideation, verbiage, hypoprosexia, memory loss and insomnia (diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder type II, hypomanic episode). Eventually, a brain computed tomography scan was performed, in which meningioma was visualized. The patient underwent surgery, and he asked to keep a sample of his tumor to always carry it with him on a pendant. Psychiatric symptoms induced by organic lesions are highly variable, depending on the location and size of the lesion, and they may be the first and/or only symptom of a meningioma (up to 21% according to various studies), so it is important to perform imaging tests in some cases. At this time, the patient is under follow-up, he has remained euthymic and stable, and he refuses to take psychopharmacological medication.ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms may be the first and/or only manifestation of an organic lesion in some cases. Neuroimaging tests (CT and MR) may be useful in the differential diagnosis. It is important to carry out an indiviualized treatment based on the patient’s pathology, which may include surgery and/or drugs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Depressions with religious experiences
Authors: Gedevani E. , Kopeiko G. , Borisova O. , Vladimirova T. , Smirnova E. , Kaleda V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite a significant number of studies devoted to the relationship between depression and religiosity, the diagnosis of depression in religious patients is complicated due to the insufficiently studied psychopathology and the peculiarities of the patient’s experiences.ObjectivesTo determine the specific features of psychopathology and phenomenology of depression, masked by a “religious facade”, for timely diagnostics and prevention of suicidal behavior.MethodsOne hundred and fifteen religious (orthodox) inpatients (41 male, 74 female) with depression (F31.3, F31.4, F 32.1., F 32.2, F 33.1, F 33.2 according to ICD-10) were examined. Psychopathological method, HAM-D, SIDAS and statistical analysis were applied.ResultsFive types of depression were specified, which differed in psychopathological structure and content of the religious experiences. Overvalued ideas of guilt and sinfulness were predominant in melancholic depressions, ideas of God-forsakenness and the loss of “living” faith - in apathetic. Depressions with overvalued doubts whether the right faith and confession has been chosen accompanied with anxiety, melancholy and apathy. It should be specially mentioned apathetic and melancholic depressions characterized by “spiritual hypochondria” with specific cenesto-hypochondrical symptomatology. Melancholic depressions characterized by high suicidal risk prevailed (65%) over the other depressions.ConclusionsDepressions masked by a “religious facade” often are not recognized due to specifical content, which results in lack of timely diagnostics and creates a high risk of suicidal behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The prevalence of common mental disorders among Syrian refugees resettled in The Netherlands
Authors: Patanè M. , Cuijpers P. , De Graaff A. , Farell R. , Sijbrandij M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRefugees are at elevated risk of developing common mental disorders (CMD) as they may have been exposed to stressors and traumatic experiences before, during and after their movement. However, prevalence rates of CMDs among refugees reported across studies vary strongly.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of CMDs (PTSD, anxiety, depression and somatic disorder) among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands, and the diagnostic accuracy of self-reporting questionnaires in Arabic.MethodsA sample of N=1339 adult Syrian refugees was randomly selected from the Dutch national population registry. Participants were approached in December 2020-March 2021 to complete questionnaires on symptoms of PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety/depression (HSCL-25), and somatic disorder (SSS-8). After the survey, a sub-sample was invited for a clinical interview using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) to enquire about the presence or absence of PTSD, anxiety, depression or somatic disorder.ResultsIn total, 407 participants (53.6% female, M age=34.2yrs, SD=14.1) completed the survey. The majority (65.9%) arrived in the Netherlands in 2015-2017. Using a cut-off of PCL-5 ³33, 75 participants (18.4%) reported probable PTSD. Using a cut-off of ³1.83 on the HSCL-25 depression subscale and ³1.75 on the anxiety subscale, 153 participants (37.6%) reported depression and 135 (33.2%) reported anxiety, and using a cut-off of ³12.0 on the SSS-8, 121 (29.8%) reported somatic complaints. A sub-sample of 214 participants (52.6%) were followed-up with the SCID-5. Psychometric properties will be presented.ConclusionsSyrian refugees in the Netherlands are at high risk for the development of a CMD. Implications, strengths and limitations of the study will be discussed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Pandemic’s Impact on Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder in a Non-COVID Medical Unit
Authors: Gheorman V. , Ghițan A. , Bușe Ș. , Militaru F. , Pîrlog M. , Udriștoiu I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a mental disorder which consists of abnormal and long-lasting changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions precipitate the condition of those with bipolar affective disorder.ObjectivesWe searched for significant differences before and during the pandemic by analyzing socio-demographic
data.MethodsWe carried out a research activity at the I Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova. We formed two groups of hospitalized patients during 2019 and during 2020, when the pandemic broke out. The inclusion criterion was the presence of bipolar affective disorder as a primary diagnosis.ResultsThe number of cases and the total number of hospitalization days was higher during the pandemic, 101 cases versus 94 cases, 1667 days versus 1184 days. We identified a predominance of females during the pandemic, whereas in the previous year the distribution by sex was approximately equal. Regarding environment, the number of patients from urban and rural areas was approximately equal in 2019, while during the pandemic those in urban areas predominated, possibly due to easier access to psychiatric services. The ages of patients maintained a Gaussian distribution with a concentration of cases between 35-55 years.ConclusionsWhile other psychiatric disorders were less present in the clinic during the pandemic, the number of bipolar affective disorder cases increased. Bipolar affective disorder is a major challenge due to the wide range of symptoms which cross with comorbidities that increase the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Physiological strength of lipoic acid in copper intoxication
Authors: Jovanovic Mirkovic J. , Kocic G. , Alexopoulos C. , Jurinjak Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe average concentration of copper in the air, e.g. in the USA it ranges from 5–20 ng/m3, in soil from 5–70 mg/kg, and the intake of copper from food is 1.0–1.3 mg/days for adults (0.014–0.019 mg/kg/day) (Barceloux, 1999). The effect of lipoic acid is reflected in the intensification of ATP synthesis, participates in the assimilation of lactic acid, activates the enzyme cycle of tricarboxylic acid, stimulates the growth of lactic acid bacteria by replacing acetate (acetate transfer factor), stimulates CoA synthesis (fatty acid utilization), prevents liver damage by various toxins, normalizes aldolase and transferase levels.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to show the useful role of a supplement, lipoic acid, as an antioxidant in the prevention of oxidative stress.MethodsAll procedures were performed after anesthesia of albino rats with ketal in accordance with the principles of sacrifice in laboratories. After medial laparotomy albino rates Wistar soy, a 10% homogenate of brain tissue was made in an appropriate medium and an analysis of acid and alkaline DNase activity was performed (Kocić i sar., 2004).ResultsDNases are thought to be the main executors of apoptosis, responsible for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which is the breakdown of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosome-sized fragments. Administration of lipoic acid has been shown to protect against oxidative stress caused by copper.ConclusionsBased on the results of this research, it can be concluded that lipoic acid is a powerful and powerful antioxidant.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Genomic imbalances of chromosome 15 in patients with autistic features and global developmental delay
Authors: Budisteanu M. , Papuc S. , Erbescu A. , Albulescu L. , Arghir A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBackground: Copy-number variants (CNVs) of chromosome 15 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and developmental delay.ObjectivesWe report 6 patients with autistic features and other neurodevelopmental problems carrying CNVs of chromosome 15.MethodsMaterials and methods: The probands belong to a group of patients referred to our clinic and laboratory with autism as main feature. A complete clinical evaluation was performed with focus on neurologic, psychiatric, and psychological evaluation with specific autism tests. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) was performed using 180K platform (Agilent technology).Resultssix patients investigated by array-CGH had a CNV involving chromosome 15. Four of these patients, previously reported by us (ref 1), had small duplications of 15q13.3 involving CHRNA7 and OTUD7A genes. The other two patients had large deletions of 15q21q22 and 15q24, respectively. A deletion of 15q21.2 - q22.2 was detected in one patient. The deleted region contains 62 genes and has been rarely reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. A deletion of 15q24.1 - q24.2 was detected in the other patient. This region is recurrently deleted in developmentally delayed patients (ref 3).ConclusionsOur data highlight that chromosome 15 is a hub for neurodevelopmental disorder and illustrates the utility of array-CGH in the investigation of patients with autism, specifically in the context of complex phenotypes. Acknowledgment: The research leading to these results has received funding from the EEA Grant 2014-2021, under the project contract No 6/2019. References: Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 1;12(7):1025. https://www.omim.org/entry/618060 Clinical Genome Resource. https://dosage.clinicalgenome.org/clingen_region.cgi?id=ISCA-46296DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dynamics of subjective pattern of health in frequently ill adolescents
Authors: Shishkova I. , Pervichko E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIt is known that frequently ill adolescents are significantly more likely to have a disharmonious subjective pattern of health and associated maladaptive behavior in the field of health.ObjectivesTo study dynamics of subjective pattern of health in frequently ill adolescents.MethodsThe sample: 57 frequently ill adolescents (mean age 10.6±0.1) in 2014-2015, 2017 and 2019. We used: The method of unfinished sentences about health (Yakovleva, 2014), “Index of attitude toward health” (Deryabo, Yasvin, 1999).ResultsThe index of emotionality has decreased (98.93 vs 84.87, p=0.015), while the cognitive indicator of the attitude toward health remains unchanged. The rate of positive self-assessment of health reduces and the rate of negative self-assessment of health increases. Frequently ill teenagers in older age are more likely to give an objective definition of the disease and less likely to emotionally assess it. At a young age they often pointed out active lifestyle as the main reason for health, with age the psychological characteristics of a person (strength of will, cheerfulness, etc.) this reason becomes. The rate of health recognition as the absolute value of man decreases (in the second cut answers, this category accounted for only 24.4%), but at a later age teenager show “adult” category of “quality of life” (noted by 7.4% of older teenagers).ConclusionsThe study of the dynamics of the subjective pattern of health in frequently ill adolescents has high practical significance due to the possibility of preventive and correctional work with these adolescents. Research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.