bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The root of all gluttony
Authors: Batisti Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The etymological analysis of Attic Greek τένθης ‘gourmand, glutton’ (Ar.+) has focused since Antiquity on comparison with the obscure Hesiodic hapax τένδει (Op. 524). Rejecting this unpromising solution, in this paper I go back to a forgotten proposal by Solmsen (1897), who compared τένθης with the PN Πενθεύς ~ Τενθεύς and Lat. condiō ‘to season (food)’, reconstructing a root *kʷendʰ-/*kʷondʰ-. While Solmsen did not pursue further analysis of this root, I propose that it arose - possibly already at the PIE stage - from *kʷem- ‘gulp, swallow’ with addition of the “detransitivizing” suffix *-dʰ-e/o-. The present stem *kʷem-dʰe/o- would have had the intransitive meaning ‘to swallow food’ with Indefinite Object Deletion, as is typologically common in “ingestive” verbs. In addition to the agent noun τένθης, I suggest that πάθνη ~ φάτνη ‘crib, manger’ was another nominal derivative of the ‘neo-root’ *kʷendʰ-/*kʷondʰ-/*kʷn̥dʰ-. I conclude by discussing other possible etymologies of Lat. condiō.
Investigating the relationship between high-risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents in Rabor city, Iran
Authors: Jalali Zeynab , Fadakar Mohammad Mehdi , Iranpour Abedin , Farvahari Arash , Alizadeh Somayeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
High-risk behaviors (HRBs) represent significant health threats for adolescents and significantly affect adolescents’ mental health. Adolescents often engage in risky behaviors. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between high-risk behaviors (HRBs) and mental health in adolescents in Rabor.

Content
The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that was performed on 334 girl and boy students aged 12–18 years in Rabor city in 2021. In this study, adolescents answered high risk behaviors and mental health questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and the spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate analysis) were used to analyze the data.

Summary and Outlook
In this study, the mean age was 15.25 ± 1.78. The findings indicate that smoking and hookah use were higher in boys than girls. Among the demographic variables, age and level of education had a positive and significant relationship with HRBs and mental health (p<0.05). The mean score of total mental health for all subjects was 12.83 ± 10.82. The variables of age, sex, marital status of parents, the number of children in the family, educational level, smoking, hookah, and alcohol have been determined as influential and facilitating factors in HRBs of adolescents. Father’s literacy was considered as a facilitator and age variables, alcohol consumption and parents’ marital status were considered as deterrents to mental health. The present study showed that the male gender is one of the risk factors for alcohol, smoking and other substances, the tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors, depression, and suicide in adolescents. Among the determinants of the tendency to HRBs in adolescents, psychological variables are of particular importance at the individual, social, and family levels. Good mental health can improve quality of life, while poor mental health can make it worse.
A modified high-order symmetrical WENO scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Abedian Rooholah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper designs a modified weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. Using the switching principle based on inflection points, the new scheme automatically adapts between linear upwind and WENO schemes. If there is at least one inflection point in the largest stencil available for reconstruction, a symmetrical WENO (SWENO) scheme is considered for the reconstruction of the numerical flux; otherwise the numerical flux is directly approximated by the reconstruction polynomial. By comparing the new scheme introduced in this paper with the classical WENO scheme and another improved scheme that has been proposed recently D. Chai, G. Xi, Z. Sun, Z. Wangand Z. Huang,Comput. Fluids, vol. 170, pp. 176–186, 2018), we can point out the robustness and better efficiency of this scheme. To examine and explain the features of the new scheme, a number of examples such as Euler equations have been considered.
Effect of stimulants on final adult height
Authors: Wojnowski Natalia M. , Zhou Elaine , Jee Youn Hee 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The use of stimulant medications for treatment of ADHD has raised concern as to whether they adversely impact linear growth. Previous studies have indicated that stimulant medications may suppress growth for a short period after treatment initiation; however, more information is needed to evaluate the long-term effects on final adult stature. This mini review aims to evaluate the effect of stimulant medications on final adult height in children with ADHD.

Contents
We performed a literature review across PubMed/MEDLINE database. Only articles that included data on final adult height or near final adult height (age≥16 or 17 years) were included.

Summary
Early studies investigating the long-term impacts of stimulant medications observed growth suppression during the active treatment period, but when comparing final adult height, there was no difference between the control and ADHD groups. A recent larger comprehensive study (Multimodal Treatment of ADHD study) has suggested that the long-term use of significant doses of stimulants during childhood may compromise final adult height to a clinically significant degree when comparing adult height across three long-term patterns of stimulant treatment (Consistent, Intermittent, Negligible). The consistent use subgroup was significantly shorter than other subgroups.

Outlook
For children with ADHD, a significant long-term dose of stimulant treatment should be used with caution to avoid diminishing adult height potential. Pediatric endocrinologists should consider chronic use of stimulants as a factor contributing to reduced adult height.
Multi-task topology optimization of photonic devices in low-dimensional Fourier domain via deep learning
Authors: Mao Simei , Cheng Lirong , Chen Houyu , Liu Xuanyi , Geng Zihan , Li Qian , Fu Hongyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Silicon photonics enables compact integrated photonic devices with versatile functionalities and mass manufacturing capability. However, the optimization of high-performance free-form optical devices is still challenging due to the complex light-matter interaction involved that requires time-consuming electromagnetic simulations. This problem becomes even more prominent when multiple devices are required, typically requiring separate iterative optimizations. To facilitate multi-task inverse design, we propose a topology optimization method based on deep neural network (DNN) in low-dimensional Fourier domain. The DNN takes target optical responses as inputs and predicts low-frequency Fourier components, which are then utilized to reconstruct device geometries. Removing high-frequency components for reduced design degree-of-freedom (DOF) helps control minimal features and speed up training. For demonstration, the proposed method is utilized for wavelength filter design. The trained DNN can design multiple filters instantly and concurrently with high accuracy. Totally different targets can also be further optimized through transfer learning on existing network with greatly reduced optimization rounds. Our approach can be also adapted to other free-form photonic devices, including a waveguide-coupled single-photon source that we demonstrate to prove generalizability. Such DNN-assisted topology optimization significantly reduces the time and resources required for multi-task optimization, enabling large-scale photonic device design in various applications.
Toward Moral Sublimity: Elements of a Theory of Humor
Authors: Bartosch David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article outlines a new theory of humor. The concept of humor is developed in the sense of five dialectical levels, respectively, sequential phenomenalities of humorous consciousness. These range from a level of most inferior (hurtful) humor up to a stage of most sublime humor. Systematically speaking, humor is viewed from an enhanced perspective of transcendental philosophy, namely as a medium of self-unfolding practical reason. It is considered as a complementary potency to the practical force of the latter’s regulative principle, and it fulfils several important functions. The first section provides basic definitions of concepts like humor, sublimity, comicality, etc. Here, the five phenomenalities of humor are introduced. The second section explores and develops these contents more in detail. Some references to the German-speaking tradition in the philosophy of humor provide further input for discussion. The third section presents a thought experiment. Imaginary humorous reactions of Socrates to ridicule and hostility are analyzed in the sense of the present theory.
Truth and Autobiography in Stand-up Comedy and the Genius of Doug Stanhope
Authors: Hanscomb Stuart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is common for stand-up comedians to tell stories as well as, or instead of, jokes. Stories bring something extra to the performance, and when presented as true add a further layer of appeal. However, most stories told as if true by comedians are not true. A categorizing of forms of comedic story is presented involving the dimensions of grammatical person and truthfulness. Some advantages of comedians’ employing true first-person stories are discussed, and these considerations are then explored through the role of autobiography in the work of Doug Stanhope. Many aspects of Stanhope’s (highly unusual) life find their way into his shows, and true stories and his personality more broadly are folded into other elements of his act (such as his political views). Links are made with Søren Kierkegaard’s notion of “inwardness,” and it’s argued that authenticity is a prerequisite for the quality of self-disclosure that is basic to Stanhope’s excellence.
Active Licking Shapes Cortical Taste Coding
Authors: Neese Camden , Bouaichi Cecilia G. , Needham Tom , Bauer Martin , Bertram Richard , Vincis Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Neurons in the gustatory cortex (GC) represent taste through time-varying changes in their spiking activity. The predominant view is that the neural firing rate represents the sole unit of taste information. It is currently not known whether the phase of spikes relative to lick timing is used by GC neurons for taste encoding. To address this question, we recorded spiking activity from >500 single GC neurons in male and female mice permitted to freely lick to receive four liquid gustatory stimuli and water. We developed a set of data analysis tools to determine the ability of GC neurons to discriminate gustatory information and then to quantify the degree to which this information exists in the spike rate versus the spike timing or phase relative to licks. These tools include machine learning algorithms for classification of spike trains and methods from geometric shape and functional data analysis. Our results show that while GC neurons primarily encode taste information using a rate code, the timing of spikes is also an important factor in taste discrimination. A further finding is that taste discrimination using spike timing is improved when the timing of licks is considered in the analysis. That is, the interlick phase of spiking provides more information than the absolute spike timing itself. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that the ability of GC neurons to distinguish among tastes is best when spike rate and timing is interpreted relative to the timing of licks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons represent information from the outside world via changes in their number of action potentials (spikes) over time. This study examines how neurons in the mouse gustatory cortex (GC) encode taste information when gustatory stimuli are experienced through the active process of licking. We use electrophysiological recordings and data analysis tools to evaluate the ability of GC neurons to distinguish tastants and then to quantify the degree to which this information exists in the spike rate versus the spike timing relative to licks. We show that the neuron's ability to distinguish between tastes is higher when spike rate and timing are interpreted relative to the timing of licks, indicating that the lick cycle is a key factor for taste processing.
Implementation of an Opioid Weaning Protocol at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Ford Jenna , Harthan Aaron , McGarvey Jeremy , Mischler Matthew 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the implementation of a pharmacist-managed opioid weaning regimen and objective opioid withdrawal assessment tool in pediatric patients requiring an opioid wean. We hypothesized that this combination would be associated with a reduction in the wean duration and length of stay and decrease episodes of opioid withdrawal.

METHODS
Retrospective cohort study utilizing pediatric inpatients requiring an inpatient opioid medication wean. The study was conducted in 3 phases from chart review of patients admitted from 2012 to 2020: baseline preintervention (phase 1), pharmacist-managed weaning regimen (phase 2), and addition of an objective assessment tool, the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (phase 3). Data collection included the total wean duration, total duration of hospital admission, and number of episodes of opioid withdrawal.

RESULTS
The study included 115 patients with 36 patients in phases 1 and 3 and 43 patients in phase 2. Median age ranged from 0.46 to 0.84 years and the majority of children were males. No significant differences in patient characteristics such as age, weight, sex, and previous opioid exposure were found between phases. Length of stay, wean duration, and episodes of withdrawal with need for rescue dose all decreased significantly from phase 1 to phase 3.

CONCLUSIONS
Use of a pharmacist-managed weaning regimen combined with the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 tool was associated with significantly shorter methadone weans and overall length of stay. This has implications for wide spread dissemination and standardization of this approach in tertiary care children’s hospitals caring for patients after ICU admission.
Native Craft Study at University Level as a Tool for Maintaining Craft Heritage: The Example of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy, Estonia
Authors: Matsin Ave 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present paper describes the native craft education and research carried out at the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy in Estonia. ‘Native crafts’ are understood as creative technical and cultural practices, applications, and developments that are based on traditional local crafting techniques, materials, design principles, and skills. The mission of the academy is to represent the values that reinforce and re-establish local and national traditions and identities through active participation in the cultural process. Its courses, which were launched in 1994, have been developed to cover the majority of the traditional crafting techniques, skills, and materials that are used throughout Estonia. By means of these courses, the academy has assumed responsibility for teaching, preserving, and integrating Estonian vernacular culture and skills. It is the only institution in Estonia advancing the practice-based research and popularization of Estonian traditional costumes, jewelry, and construction, for example, at the level of higher education. The present paper provides an overview of the BA and MA program in native crafts and their main developmental trends. It also offers a more detailed overview of costume studies as part of the textile program. It covers the history, techniques, and regional peculiarities of traditional costumes, as well as the innovative ways in which traditional materials, patterns, and ornaments can be used in modern fashion.
Hungarian Legal Ethnography from the Perspective of Theoretical Legal Thought
Authors: Varga Csaba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The object of folk law research are the customs that prevail in areas covered, or theoretically covered, by state law, which effectively ensure permanent respect for them, largely in a less formalized way. In the respective historical stratum, (folk) legal customs fulfil functions equivalent to the law where, due to the logic of historical development or for other specific reasons, (a) there is a lack of state and legal organization; (b) the state and legal organization fails to reach significant social groups due to its paucity and indifference; or (c) the law fails to be transformed into practice that would lead to the fulfillment of its true functions. In its present-day version, a legal (folk) custom emerges when the state and legal organization has wholly fulfilled the functions in question, and it survives merely within the framework and vestiges of that organization, as a component of the ongoing system of customs, as a complement and embellishment to the state and legal organization, and perhaps with content of only symbolic significance. Against a background of a living peasant society, this was, and to some extent remains, a peculiarity of Central Europe, while in other contexts, starting from different traditions, the related research comes under the domain of legal anthropology, legal ethnology, and legal pluralism. Legal ethnography contributes to the investigation of social ethnographic issues by examining the instruments and institutions of the social order and the way they function. However, in terms of jurisprudence it is simultaneously both strong and weak, since although the idea of living law has revolutionized legal thought, European legal mentality, which rests on the rule-based objectification of modern formal law, nevertheless seeks to reject both the openness that characterizes the primordial quest for peace and the formlessness familiar to peoples living close to nature. In any case, an ethnography with social-theoretical foundations, which would take into account not only legal anthropology but also the socio-ethnographic lessons of legal ethnography, remains a task for the future.
Effect of slow-release amylase on extraction of peach peel phenolics and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Akram S. , Ashfaq T. , Saeed Z. , Ashraf R. , Mushtaq M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present manuscript demonstrates the work undertaken to optimise and validate a slow-release amylase-assisted extraction of polyphenols from peach fruit peel. A careful investigation and optimisation revealed that peach peel when hydrolysed with 1.50% (w/w) of SRA containing enzyme formulation at 40 °C and 6.1 pH, for 35 min significantly (P < 0.05) increased the extraction yield, levels of polyphenol contents (242.89 ± 1.56 mg gallic acid equivalents – GAE), and coumaric, chlorogenic, ferulic acids or their conjugate esters in extracts. Moreover, the extracts produced through SRA-assisted extraction exhibited ample level of free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH IC50 2.67 ± 0.03 μg mL−1), Trolox equivalent (TE) antioxidant capacity (450.52 ± 24.58 µmol of TE g−1), inhibition of peroxides in linoleic acid (85.68 ± 0.21%), and ferric reducing power of 3.11 ± 0.20 ppm gallic acid equivalents. The results suggested that the incorporation of SRA containing enzyme formulation may enhance the recovery of peach peel polyphenols while hydrolysing the glycosidic linkages without deteriorating their antioxidant character.
Risk factors and outcomes of internet gaming disorder identified in Korean prospective adolescent cohort study
Authors: Byeon Gihwan , Jo Sun-Jin , Park Jong-Ik , Jeong Hyunsuk , Lee Hae Kook , Yim Hyeon Woo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is known to cause various psychological and physical complications. Through data collected from an adolescent prospective longitudinal cohort, we examined how IGD is related to lifestyle and physical symptoms, as well as the temporal relationship between them.MethodsThis study was conducted as part of iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) in Korea between 2015 and 2019. Sleep and physical activity time, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents were measured at baseline and followed-up after one year. IGD risk was evaluated using the Internet Game Use – Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS). The association between IGD risk and measured variables was analyzed, both at baseline and at follow-up after one year.ResultsAt baseline, the IGD risk group had significantly less physical activity time and sleep time and had more dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents than the IGD non-risk group. Additionally, in the IGD risk group at baseline, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents occurred significantly more after one year of follow-up.Discussion and conclusionThe results of this study show that IGD is a significant risk factor that increases the probability of physical disease and trauma in adolescents. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing IGD risk and protecting the physical and mental health of adolescents are imperative.
Mesostichon with a Project-Based Learning Model in German Subject at Class XI of SMAN 1 Lawang
Authors: Ummah Khoirotul , Bukhori Herri Akhmad 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to explain the activities and responses of students to the application of the Mesostichon with a project-based learning model in learning literary works according to KD 3.5 and 4.5 in class XI IBB SMAN 1 Lawang. This study used the research approach was descriptive qualitative. There are two techniques used to collect the data, namely observation and interviews. The supporting instruments in this study were the observation sheet and interview guidelines as tools for collecting data. the activities of students during the learning process of the German language got positive results and the responses given by students are in a good category. Students optimally apply their ideas, creativity, and writing skills. This can be seen from the results, it is based on the characteristics possessed by Mesostichon. The application of project-based learning models to support independent learning and increase learning motivation and student interest.Based on the results of interviews with students, project-based learning did not make them bored, it increases the activity and motivation of students in learning.
Independent German Learning Through the Mobile Learning Funeasylearn Application for the 10th Graders of Lintas Minat SMAN 9 Malang
Authors: Salsabillah Nadia Safira , Afifah Lilis 
Published: October 2022

This article aims to describe the independent learning process through FunEasyLearn application and student responses to the use of application. The research method in this study was descriptive qualitative. Sources of data were 36 students of 10th grade IPS 2 SMAN 9 Malang, while data were obtained through two different techniques, namely observations and interviews. The results showed that the independent learning process through the FunEasyLearn application went well. This also helps students to build their independent learning skills. During the learning process, students were responsible for completing the exercises in the apps independently. Furthermore, they had no difficulty in operating the apps. They were also interested and motivated to learn German with the help of FunEasyLearn because it has colorful and illustrated features as well and various exercises so that easier for them to understand the material. Overall, students showed positive responses to the use of the apps independently. They stated that their vocabs mastery increased after using the apps. Therefore, the FunEasyLearn apps can be used continuously as an alterative media for students to enlarge German vocabulary and build their independent learning both in and outside of the classroom.