bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of customized vibratory device on orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Khera Amit K. , Raghav Pradeep , Mehra Varun , Wadhawan Ashutosh , Gupta Navna , Phull Tarun S. 
Published: May 2022

AIMS:
The primary purpose of the present trial was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency (30Hz) vibrations on the rate of canine retraction.

SETTING AND DESIGN:
Single-center, split mouth prospective randomized controlled clinical trial

METHODS AND MATERIAL:
100 screened subjects (aged18–25 years) were selected; out of which 30 subjects having Class I bimaxillary protrusion or Class II div 1 malocclusion, requiring upper 1st premolar therapeutic extractions, were selected for the study. A split-mouth study design was prepared for the maxillary arch of each selected individual and was randomly allocated into vibration and nonvibration side (control) groups. A customized vibratory device was fabricated for each subject to deliver low-frequency vibrations (30 Hz). Scanned 3D models were prepared sequentially to assess the amount of tooth movement from baseline (T0),(T1), (T2), (T3), and (T4)-4th month of canine retraction.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Independent “t” test.

RESULTS:
There was no statistically significant differencein the rate of individual canine retraction among the experimental and control groups when the intergroup comparison was done using independent “t” test at T1-T0, (P = 0.954), T2-T1 (P = 0.244), T3-T2 (P = 0.357), and T4-T3 (P = 0.189).

CONCLUSION:
The low-frequency vibratory stimulation of 30 Hz using a customized vibratory device did not significantly accelerate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
Registered at ctri.nic.in (CTRI/2019/05/019043).
Effects of Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on reduction of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Al-Fakhry Hakam H. , Al-Sayagh Nada M. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study is to determine whether submucosal local injection of i-PRF may affect orthodontic relapse by increasing bone density, which further leads to reducing orthodontic relapse.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Forty-five adult male albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control) with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group II with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of i-PRF, and group III of 15 rabbits inject with 400 μl of i-PRF. The lower incisors of rabbits moved distally by a modified orthodontic appliance for 2 weeks; then, the appliance was maintained in position to retain the gaining space for 2 weeks. During the retention period, each group was injected with the specific drug every 7 days. After the retention period, teeth were allowed to relapse by removal of the orthodontic appliance. The results were evaluated by measuring the amount of orthodontic relapse and bone density. The statistical analysis performed by ANOVA and Duncan (P < 0.05 was considered significant).

RESULTS:
I-PRF groups showed a significant reduction in the amount of relapse at 10, 13, 17, and 20 days compared to the control group, indicated by the highest percentage of relapse for the control group at the end of the study (20 days); it was (90.4%) in compared to lowest percentage of relapse for i-PRF groups—they were 61.2% and 59.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Results indicated that i-PRF has the potential to enhance the stability of teeth after orthodontic tooth movement and could have the ability to reduce relapse, probably by increasing the alveolar bone density.
LT1, an ONT long-read-based assembly scaffolded with Hi-C data and polished with short reads
Authors: Kim Hui-Su , Blazyte Asta , Jeon Sungwon , Yoon Changhan , Kim Yeonkyung , Kim Changjae , Bolser Dan , Ahn Ji-Hye , Edwards Jeremy S. , Bhak Jong 
Published: May 2022

We present LT1, the first high-quality human reference genome from the Baltic States. LT1 is a female de novo human reference genome assembly, constructed using 57× nanopore long reads and polished using 47× short paired-end reads. We utilized 72 GB of Hi-C chromosomal mapping data for scaffolding, to maximize assembly contiguity and accuracy. The contig assembly of LT1 was 2.73 Gbp in length, comprising 4490 contigs with an NG50 value of 12.0 Mbp. After scaffolding with Hi-C data and manual curation, the final assembly has an NG50 value of 137 Mbp and 4699 scaffolds. Assessment of gene prediction quality using Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) identified 89.3% of the single-copy orthologous genes included in the benchmark. Detailed characterization of LT1 suggests it has 73,744 predicted transcripts, 4.2 million autosomal SNPs, 974,616 short indels, and 12,079 large structural variants. These data may be used as a benchmark for further in-depth genomic analyses of Baltic populations.
O UNIVERSO OCULTO NAS FALAS MACHISTAS DO EX-PRESIDENTE DO COMITÊ DOS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS DE TÓQUIO-2020
Authors: Silveira Menezes Andrezza Gabrielli , De Castro Pinto Júnior Jordan , Da Silva Lima Juliana Carolina , Verbicaro Soares Douglas 
Published: May 2022

O ex-presidente do Comitê Organizador dos Jogos de Tóquio, Yoshiro Mori, declarou que ter mais mulheres nas reuniões gera atrasos, mas que algumas delas sabem ficar em seu lugar. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar esse fato, a partir da moral, da ética, do Direito e dos Feminismos, bem como os posicionamentos das japonesas, por meio de mobilizações que lideram mudanças às problemáticas. Utilizou-se do método crítico-reflexivo, e do indutivo, através da análise de artigos científicos, de reportagens, de livros e de vídeos. No caso analisado, as mulheres japonesas não se sentiram representadas na fala do ex-presidente. Tal verdade expressa-se nas mobilizações lideradas pelas mulheres japonesas para que o ciclo da discriminação de gênero se quebre e haja uma sociedade japonesa com estrutura, com oportunidade e com mecanismos para que a mulher seja quem queira. Afinal, é o desejo expresso da maioria, é sobre a oportunidade de estar disponível como direito - ainda que haja mulheres mais conservadoras que não queiram fazer usufruto - e não como favor.
Appendices bij Nollet & Stienstra
Authors: Nollet Mayke , Stienstra Kim 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>The effect of teacher expectations on boys’ underperformance in reading Prior research indicates a gender gap in reading performance among primary school students in which boys underperform compared to girls. Based on theories on gender differences in teacher expectations and how low teacher expectations lead to low student reading performance, we, firstly, examined to what extent teacher expectations can explain this gender gap in reading performance. Secondly, by including theories on gender stereotype threat and stigmatization, we studied the possible ‘buffering’ effect of high teacher expectations against boys’ underperformance in reading. The 2016 Dutch PIRLS data were used to examine the mediating and moderating effect of teacher expectations on the effect of student gender on students’ actual reading performance. The conducted multilevel analyses show that, although the gender gap in reading performance indeed exists, teacher expectations do not significantly explain or buffer it. Limitations of the current research and implications for future research are discussed.</p>
Appendix bij Van Helvoirt en Geurts
Authors: Helvoirt Daniëlle van , Geurts Nella 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>A key principle in Dutch society is that everyone should and can participate equally. However, Muslim citizens do not participate as much in society as other Dutch citizens. This paper explores when Dutch Muslims’ religious practices increase or decrease the likelihood to participate in formal and informal citizen initiatives by exploring the role of experienced discrimination and political trust as moderators on the individual level. Using MI-ID survey data, logistic regression analyses test hypotheses based on socialization and social identity theory. Results show that the individual context is key. Practicing collective religiosity is positively related to participation in an informal citizens’ initiative, and this effect is stronger when more discrimination is perceived. We moreover find that experiencing more political trust brings about a negative association between practicing individual religiosity and participation in an informal citizens’ initiative. With respect to formal citizens’ initiatives, we conclude that those who more often practice individual religiosity are more likely to participate, and that this association is stronger when more political trust and discrimination is perceived. As such, we conclude that insights in these conditions on the individual level offer insight in mixed findings in previous research.</p>
Validity assessment of self-reported smoking status to detection of urine cotinine levels among patients with tuberculosis undergoing tobacco cessation treatment
Authors: Purushothama Jagannath , Badiger Sanjeev , Kumar Nanjesh , Baikunje Nandakishore , D'souza Neevan , D'Mello Mackwin , Olickal Jeby Jose 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Tobacco cessation programs by and large use self-reporting as the gold standard for assessing tobacco use. However, self-reporting may be skewed due to the socio-demographic profile and the context in which the respondents share their tobacco history after undergoing tobacco cessation treatment. It is therefore, imperative to validate the respondents’ self-reported smoking status in an effective manner. Hence, this study aimed in validating the self-reported smoking status of study participants with their urine cotinine levels in a randomized controlled trial on smoking cessation.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka to validate the self-reported smoking status of 300 participants. A seven-day point prevalence of smoking status was assessed based on a questionnaire and validated further using the semi-quantitative urine cotinine test at the end of a randomized smoking cessation study.

Results: The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported smoking status was 73.17% and 95.79% respectively. Other validity indicators like positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy were estimated to be 97.40%, 62.33%, 17.38%, 0.28%, and 80.33% respectively. Cohen’s kappa statistics showed a substantial agreement (k=0.61; SE= 0.04) between the two test methods. Educational status and the level of motivation to quit showed a significant association between the test methods.

Conclusion: Self-reported smoking status of participants is not sensitive in identifying smokers thus leading to under-reporting.
USO DE CREATINA EM PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM INJURIAS RENAIS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Chimelli Yuri Serpa , Magrani Gefson Couto 
Published: May 2022

Atualmente a creatina é um dos aminoácidos mais utilizados por praticantes de atividades físicas que visam uma melhora da performance. Essa substância consegue otimizar o gasto energético por possuir a capacidade de carrear uma molécula de fosfato ao tecido muscular e doar esta para o ADP ( difosfato de adenonisa) restabelecendo ligações energéticas e elevando os níveis de ATP ( trifosfato de adenosina) musculares. Contudo, apesar da sua eficácia no aumento da força, essa substância tem sido muito debatida no meio científico, por haver relatos que sugerem sua associação a possíveis danos renais. Uma vez que o aumento desse elemento no organismo pode acarretar elevação da creatinina sérica oriunda de uma reação não enzimática que une a creatina com a fosfocreatina. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é buscar se há uma correlação entre injuria do parênquima renal associado ao uso de creatina.
Breve análisis de la concentración de la potencia de minado en Bitcoin
Authors: Llases Luis 
Published: May 2022

Bitcoin es una red informática descentralizada que permite el envío de valor entre sus usuarios. Para ello se utiliza una unidad de cuenta intercambiable y fraccionable denominada bitcoin. La característica principal de este sistema es que no necesita de una unidad central que lo administre, funciona mediante un sistema de incentivos que asegura que una serie de usuarios denominados mineros actúen de tal manera que las transacciones puedan realizarse de forma segura. Básicamente, estos mineros compiten entre ellos por añadir nuevas transacciones al libro contable, para lo que deben resolver un problema matemático establecido por el sistema. Para hacerlo deben consumir una serie de recursos (hardware informático, electricidad, etc.) con los que generan una potencia de procesamiento con que resolver el problema matemático. Como pago por el gasto que realizan los mineros reciben una recompensa en forma de nuevos bitcoins minados y de comisiones de los usuarios.
Es condición necesaria para que la red sea segura el que la actividad minera permanezca descentralizada. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de la concentración de la potencia de procesamiento. Dada la importancia de esta cuestión para la criptomoneda, este trabajo ha tratado de entender cuáles han sido las razones de la concentración y si pueden considerarse como tendencias que seguirán operando a largo plazo. El trabajo concluye que la reducción de las recompensas de los mineros y las economías de escala han sido las principales causantes de la concentración y que al menos la primera de dichas causas seguirá operando en el largo plazo.
Improving the quality of the results of marketing research conducted by the feed mill
Authors: Савостин Дмитрий Сергеевич , Савостин Сергей Дмитриевич , Магомедов Магомед Даниялович , Строев Владимир Витальевич 
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрен механизм функционирования предприятий в условиях плановой экономики, изложен исторический аспект реформирования экономики Советского Союза, обосновано отсутствие альтернативы перехода страны к рыночным отношениям, обращено особое внимание о необходимости проведения маркетинговых исследований в условиях рыночной экономики, предлагается последовательность действий при проведении маркетинговых исследований комбикормовыми предприятиями, дана авторская методика оценки экономической целесообразности использования для производства комбикормов кукурузы и зернобобовых вместо других видов зерна, раскрыт механизм проведения рекламы комбикормовыми предприятиями.
The article examines the mechanism of functioning of enterprises in a planned economy, outlines the historical aspect of reforming the economy of the Soviet Union, justifies the absence of an alternative to the country's transition to market relations, pays special attention to the need for marketing research in a market economy, suggests a sequence of actions when conducting marketing research by feed enterprises, gives the author's methodology for assessing the economic feasibility of using corn and legumes for the production of mixed feeds instead of other types of grain, reveals the mechanism of advertising by feed enterprises.
Patagonia chilena en grandes cifras
Authors: Barros Asenjo Santiago 
Published: May 2022

La Patagonia es una extensa región del extremo austral de Sudamérica, en Chile abarca desde la provincia de Palena al sur, cubriendo una superficie de 25,6 millones de hectáreas (33,8% de la superficie nacional), y en Argentina desde las provincias de Neuquén y Rio Negro al sur cubriendo una superficie de 78,8 millones de hectáreas (28,5% de la superficie del país). El extremo sur de la Cordillera de Los Andes divide a esta gran región geográfica en Patagonia Occidental al oeste y Patagonia Oriental al este. Es así una superficie total de 104,4 millones de hectáreas entre los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico. La Patagonia chilena, pese a su gran extensión territorial y a disponer de más del 50% de la superficie de bosques nativos del país, presenta un muy escaso desarrollo forestal, la agricultura es marginal debido a las rigurosas condiciones climáticas y la principal actividad es la ganadería extensiva de bovinos y ovinos. La población de la Patagonia alcanza solo al 1,6% de la población del país. La Patagona chilena cuenta 35 de las 106 unidades del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado, y concentra 13,8 de los 18,6 millones de hectáreas administrados por este sistema (74% del área total del sistema). Sin embargo, la Patagonia presenta también grandes extensiones de suelos forestales desarbolados y bajo intensos procesos erosivos, como producto de grandes incendios forestales del pasado, y dispone solo del 1% de los 2,3 millones de hectáreas de plantaciones forestales del país.

Entre los grandes potenciales de desarrollo de esta extensa área geográfica del país se cuentan sin duda el turismo, ya de cierto desarrollo, basado en la abundancia de ríos, lagos, parques nacionales, glaciares, navegaciones por los canales y otros grandes atractivos, y el desarrollo forestal sobre la base del manejo forestal sostenible de sus importantes recursos capaces de entregar maderas de muy buena calidad.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados por COVID e portadores de doença renal crônica atendidos pela rede hospitalar no Brasil
Authors: Dogan Ana Isabela Duarte , Silva Amanda Coelho da , Silva Gabriela Fonseca , Brianez Matheus Braiani Rodrigues , Silva Ageo Mario Cândido da , Elias Rosa Maria 
Published: May 2022

Introdução: No ano de 2019, foi identificado, junto a casos de pneumonia, o 2019-nCoV, um vírus que causou uma pandemia e que possui a característica de causar infecções respiratórias agudas agravadas pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave, além disso, junto com essas manifestações, outras manifestações sistêmicas e importantes podem surgir, como por exemplo, as lesões renais. Objetivo: Apresentar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico e evolução de pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado para COVID-19 e que apresentavam comprometimento renal. Metodologia: Estudo de análise de sobrevida utilizando como base de dados coletados em openDATASUS com o nome de “Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave - incluindo dados da COVID-19”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico classificatório por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave por COVID-19 como diagnóstico primário, no período entre a primeira e segunda onda da COVID-19 e que sejam portadores de doença renal crônico. Resultados: A partir da análise do banco de dados, foi evidenciado um maior número de internados do sexo masculino (61,84%), brancos (52,76%), com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos (66,82%), com 6ª série ou mais de escolaridade (55,76%) e moradores da zona urbana (95,30%). Todos os pacientes analisados apresentaram lesão renal como comorbidade e dentre esses 56,08% apresentaram cardiopatia associada e 46,22% diabetes mellitus. Em relação a sintomatologia, grande parte apresentou desconforto respiratório (70,28%), saturação de O2 <95 (71,06%) e raio X respiratório alterado (93,50%). A maioria foi acometida ainda na primeira onda (83,32%) e mais da metade evoluíram para o óbito (54,15%). Desses, os que tiveram maior evolução óbito em análise bivariada foram majoritariamente do sexo masculino, faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais, raça negra, moradores da zona urbana e de escolaridade até a 5ª série. Dos piores desfechos relacionados a comorbidade destacam-se cardiopatia, diabetes mellitus e sintomas como desconforto respiratório e necessidade de suporte ventilatório. Conclusão: A pandemia teve significativo impacto social e repercussões na saúde do paciente, ficando evidente um pior prognóstico dos pacientes infectados e que tenha lesão renal, principalmente quando associada a comorbidades, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos e acompanhamento desses pacientes.
Cooperative Federalism and the Clean Water Act: Implementation in Minnesota and North Dakota
Authors: Hearne Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The primary policy instrument for promoting and regulating surface water quality in the United States is the Clean Water Act. Under a system of cooperative federalism, the implementation of this policy involves state and federal agencies. This article will review current controversies over the Clean Water Act, including the definition of the “waters of the USA,” and the use of narrative ambient water quality standards. The case studies of North Dakota and Minnesota are enlightening because they have distinct economies with different water management priorities. Minnesota demonstrates that local demands for water quality can lead to extra effort and innovation. North Dakota continues to be more concerned with water quantity issues and flood mitigation. Despite states’ efforts to manage water quality to suit their own needs, interstate water quality concerns, especially excess nutrients, remain a concern.
Understanding Agricultural Producers' Willingness to Undertake Self-Monitoring of Environmental Outcomes: Results of a Choice Experiment with Colorado Agricultural Producers
Authors: Loomis John , Gascoigne William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
If society wishes to move agricultural conservation programs from “paying for conservation practices” to “paying for environmental performance,” then monitoring will be required. Little is known about farmers’ willingness to participate in self-monitoring. Therefore, a choice experiment survey was designed to estimate participation in soil sampling for the purpose of calculating soil carbon. Results indicate that participation increases with payment levels, education level, acres owned, the belief that information from the soil carbon analysis will favor agriculture, and off-farm employment. Participation decreases with years the producer must commit to ($200/year), number of samples to be collected ($100/sample), and the age of the producer. At low payment levels ($50–100/year), even collecting a few samples elicited only 16% participation. At $2500/year, 80% would participate even though it required collecting more samples. These results suggest that farmers would participate in simple monitoring programs with payment levels independent of the monitoring data results. But these conditions pose real world challenges for actual pay-for-performance monitoring.
Spatial Externalities in Aquifers with Varying Thickness: Theory and Numerical Results for the Ogallala Aquifer
Authors: Peterson Jeffrey M. , Saak Alexander E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article studies the divergence in the planning and equilibrium solutions for a multicell aquifer with heterogeneity in cell depths. A spatial model is developed that accounts for the lateral movement of water between cells. The optimal steady state of this problem is compared with the competitive equilibrium steady state. Studying the steady state conditions in the two outcomes allows the nature of the spatial externalities to be characterized and reveals the effects of varying cell depths. In a two-cell specification of the model, closed-form expressions are derived for the difference in optimal steady state water table elevations between the two cells. The two-cell model is then applied numerically to quantify the spatial externalities and asymmetry effects in Sheridan County, Kansas, which overlies the Ogallala aquifer. Simulated welfare losses in this model are relatively large and are sensitive to the asymmetry in cell depths.