bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and Functional Evaluations in Oncological Patients Elective to Medium and Large Operations
Authors: Junior Roberto Carlos Vieira , Machado Ailton Silva , Faria Sérgio Itacarambi Guasque , Ávila Eudes Thiago Pereira , de Almeida Paula Caroline , Ghayomzadeh Morteza , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Navalta James Wilfred , Voltarelli Fabrício Azevedo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the physical and functional capacity and the risk of sarcopenia on the length of hospital stay and deaths in preoperative cancer patients. Methods: Preoperative patients admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Mato Grosso comprised the sample. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle data, and a questionnaire for sarcopenia screening were collected. Subsequently, total body mass, height, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance were evaluated. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (25.0). The significance level was 5%. Results: We observed 12 (7.4%) patients with low muscle strength, 20 (12.3%) patients with low muscle mass, 11 (6.8%) patients with low physical performance, and 18 (11.1%) patients with scores for possible sarcopenia. When the risk of sarcopenia was observed, 44 (27.2%) patients had at least one risk related to muscle disorder. When analyzing the prevalence and association of sarcopenia with sociodemographic variables, we observed that education level was associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.031). In addition, there was an association between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative death (p = 0.006). Finally, there were important correlations between muscle strength and physical performance (p <0.05), between muscle strength and the sarcopenia questionnaire (p <0.001), and between physical performance and the sarcopenia questionnaire (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest the need for counseling and the need to evaluate patients for risk of sarcopenia, since early intervention, such as dietary supplementation and physical exercise, may favor a better postoperative prognosis, possibly corresponding to shorter hospital stays and longer survival and quality of life for patients, especially those who will undergo surgical procedures.
The Role of Financial Inclusion and its Gender Patterns in Poverty Reduction among Rice Farmers of Gihanga District in Burundi.
Authors: Gildas Irakoze , Wilson Ndyetabula Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose Poverty remains a global concern and specifically in Burundi. Regarding such situation, financial inclusion has been adopted as one of the poverty alleviation’s instruments although little is known about its effectiveness in Burundi. It is therefore with the intention of filling this gap that the current research was undertaken. Design/Methods/ApproachUsing a quasi-experimental design, with cross-sectional data collected from 388 rice farmers in Gihanga District of Burundi, this study assess the effect of financial inclusion and its gender patterns on poverty reduction. We use probit model and propensity score matching to that effect.Findings Apparently sex and age are negatively associated with financial inclusion status, while the household size and education level positively correlates with rice farmers' financial inclusion status. The impact of financial inclusion in poverty reduction seems to be mixed. For example, a significant positive difference is only observed in food security for financially included rice farmers in comparison to excluded ones. This is not the case in wealth assets. Additionally, there is a significant difference in wealth assets for women financially included in contrast to men financially included, while a significant difference is skewed to financially included men in food consumption. In sum, financial inclusion impacts poverty reduction differently. OriginalityThe policymaking processes should therefore focus on reducing the gender gap. Government and development partners should generalize digital finance in the transactions system in Burundi and include a sustainable strategy for assets accumulation for beneficiaries of financial services.
Characterization of the brain of the Red Mayan octopus (Octopus Maya)
Authors: Ovalle Fabian Vergara , Navarrete Alejandro González , Castillo Hugo Sánchez 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Octopuses show a wide behavioral range that allows them great adaptability to their environment this has permitted them to be the target of great interest for biophysics, cytology, and neurobiology studies. To adequately execute these investigations, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the neuroanatomy of species that function as good laboratory models, for example, O. Maya. In this work, we undertake the task of extracting and characterizing the various structures of the nervous system of O. Maya at the level of lobes and connectivity between them. Serial sections at 70–80µm for sagittal and coronal plains from the brains of adult and young individuals were stained using Nissl, Hematoxylin, and Eosin (H&E) to visualize the perikarya. We determined the morphology of 30 lobes in the brain of O. Maya from young and adult specimens and the cells that constitute the connectivity pathways between these regions. We also observed that the brains of O. Maya at four weeks after hatching do not show a fully mature brain, but rather that some lobes related to somatosensory memory have low cell density and a simple morphology than that of adult specimens. It is indicative of a maturation process that should be considered for future experimental designs. We hope that this nervous system mapping will increase the basis for more detailed investigations into the neurophysiology of O. Maya and other octopuses.
Community Reach: Community-Based Screening Program for Hepatitis C Among People Who Use Drugs, Arizona
Authors: Snyder Cassidy , Broman Karen , Meyerson Beth , Choudhury Tripti , Rosa Joby De La , Garcia Roberto C. , Lizarraga Angelica Garcia , Levin Steven , Sieloff Deseree , Sweet Rachael , Weiss Turiya , Wettemann Courteney , Yamaguchi Dusti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Efforts to eliminate hepatitis C are hampered by the inability to reach communities with screening opportunities, especially people who use drugs.
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility and impact of a community-based hepatitis C screening program for people who use drugs in Arizona.
Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of hepatitis C screening and participant survey data gathered from July 18, 2019 through March 23, 2020. The primary outcome measure was a reactive HCV test. The survey measured demographics in an open-ended manner, presenting an array of response options allowing participants to self-define their identities. The analysis was conducted in 2021.
Results
The sample included 541 people from 12 of Arizona’s 15 counties. Over half of the sample (50.8%) reported ever injecting drugs and 21% of the participants were reactive for HCV.
Conclusions
Community-based HCV screening among people who use drugs by harm reduction organizations will significantly assist public health efforts to identify people in need of curative HCV treatment early and within supportive environments to address it.
The iron spin transition of deep nitrogen-bearing mineral Fe3N1.2 at high pressure
Authors: Lv Chaojia , Liu Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitrogen is an essential element for life, one of the most abundant volatiles in the atmosphere, and an important component in the Earth’s interior, where iron nitride is an essential host of deep nitrogen. Here, we investigate the pressure-induced electronic spin-pairing transition of iron in siderazot (Fe3N1.2) at pressures up to 45.8 GPa at room temperature, using diamond-anvil cell techniques coupled with synchrotron X-ray emission spectroscopy. The integrated intensity of the satellite emission peak (K′β) decreases upon compression but remains unchanged at pressures greater than 30.5 GPa. In other words, the high-spin to low-spin transition of iron in Fe3N1.2 starts immediately at very low pressures and completes at ~30.5 GPa. The iron spin transition completion pressures increase with the nitrogen concentration of hexagonal close-packed iron nitrides (i.e., Fe3N1.2, Fe7N3, and Fe2N). Moreover, the identity and concentration of light elements in binary iron-rich compounds such as Fe3N, Fe3C, Fe3P, Fe3S, Fe7C3, and Fe7N3, together with their crystal structure, could affect the iron spin transition pressures. The spin transition of iron-rich alloys could alter the bonding nature and the physical properties, including the thermal and electrical conductivity, thereby influencing the thermal state and evolution of planetary interiors.
Mitigation of QingLuoTongMai Pills on Chemotherapy-induced Phlebitis: A Network Pharmacology Study and Experimental Validation
Authors: Yu Ning , Zhang Shi-Kai , Chen Jian , Zhao Cheng , Cao Ye-Min , Li Ling , Cao Yong-Bing 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) is a side product of chemotherapy
treatment for malignant tumors, which affects the therapeutic effect and quality of life of cancer
patients, and still lacks a clear therapeutic means. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects
of QLTMP on CIP using network pharmacology and verified the anti-inflammatory mechanism
of QLTMP in a mice model induced by vinorelbine.

Methods:
Network pharmacology analysis was performed to identify bioactive compounds in
QLTMP. The protein-protein interaction network was used to identify the core therapeutic targets of
QLTMP against CIP, analyze biological function and pathway enrichment based on the identified
core therapeutic targets, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of QLTMP in a model of CIP induced
by vinorelbine to confirm the reliability of the network pharmacological analysis.
One hundred and sixty-five bioactive compounds of QLTMP matched the screening criteria and
identified 19 core therapeutic targets of QLTMP against CIP. Biofunctional analysis showed that
the therapeutic effect of QLTMP on CIP was mainly related to the inhibition of inflammation, while
pathway enrichment analysis showed that the TNF signaling pathway was involved in the inflammatory
process.

Results:
Experimental confirmation in a mice model showed that QLTMP exerts anti-inflammatory
effects through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/TNF signaling pathway, a discovery consistent with
the network pharmacological analysis.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The network pharmacological analysis of the anti-inflammatory
mechanism of QLTMP on CIP and its exploration of in vivo experiments provide a theoretical basis
for the design of agents that can mitigate or cure CIP.
TIGIT as a Novel Prognostic Marker for Immune Infiltration in Invasive
Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Chenming , Luo Zhiwen , Ismtula Dilimulati , Bi Xiaojuan , Kong Han , Wang Yiyang , Yang Zhen , Mao Xinmin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
To assess the levels and potential therapeutic and prognostic significance
of TIGIT in invasive breast cancer.

Methods:
The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to evaluate TIGIT levels in invasive breast
cancer and its association with clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed
to validate it. Further, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression
models were applied in analyzing the role of TIGIT in the prognosis of invasive breast
cancer. Go / KEGG enrichment analyses techniques were used to investigate the possible cellular
mechanism, and string database was used to explore TIGIT-related proteins. Finally, the TIMER
database was used to determine the association between TIGIT and immune cell infiltrations.

Results:
TIGIT was differentially expressed in Pan cancer tissues compared with normal tissues.
Relative to normal tissues, TIGIT levels in invasive breast cancer were elevated (p<0.05). TIGIT
mRNA level was significantly different from T stage, age, ER and PR level (p<0.05). The high
levels of TIGIT exhibited positive correlations with PFI and OS (p<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed
that age, clinical stage, high TNM stage, menopausal status and radiotherapy were the factors
affecting OS (p< 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, high clinical stage and menopausal
status were independent risk factors for tumor progression (p<0.05). CD226, INPP5D,
PVR, PVRL2 and PVRL3 proteins interact with TIGIT. The TIGIT levels were significantly correlated
with infiltrations of immune cells (such as CD8+ T cells) (r=0.917, p<0.05).

Conclusion:
TIGIT is elevated in invasive breast tumor and is closely associated with the prognosis
of invasive breast cancer. TIGIT may be the target of immunotherapy for invasive breast cancer.
Development of a Novel Self-Dissolving Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous
Delivery System of Diacerein through Solid Dispersion Gel: Solubility
Enhancement, Proof of Anti-inflammatory Activity and Safety
Authors: Shabbir Maryam , Barkat Kashif , Ashraf Muhammad Umer , Nagra Uzair 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diacerein, an osteoarthiritis drug, experiences slow topical permeation due to
limited solubility. Additionally, it shows a laxative effect due to acid/base hydrolysis of the drug in the
colon.

Objective:
Diacerein solubility was improved to increase percutaneous drug delivery.

Methods:
To improve saturation solubility of the drug, Diacerein was pre-treated with Polysorbate 80
aqueous solution (1% v/v) to obtain lyophilized powder after wet milling or formulated as solid dispersion
using PEG 4000 by fusion method. The lyophilized Diacerein in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC 8% w/w) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP 30% w/w) matrix, with PEG 400 as co-solvent, provided
an optimized array. The solid dispersion was loaded in the CMC based gel for subsequent administration
on dissolving microneedle-treated skin.

Results:
The addition of PEG 400 increased Diacerein loading in microneedles to 390.35±4.28 μg per
array. The lyophilized drug displayed amorphous characteristics in the dissolving microneedles as per
XRD analysis. SEM photographs showed uniformity in the surface topology of microneedles. The needles
showed rapid polymer dissolution within 5 minutes, whereas methylene-blue distribution confirmed
the formation of microcavities in excised rat skin. The drug-loaded arrays showed better permeation
(74.39%) and skin deposition (15.75%) after 24 hours, however, ⁓12% of Diacerein remained in the
baseplate. This led to the tailoring of CMC-based gel (3% w/v) containing 0.4% solid dispersion of
Diacerein. When compared to untreated skin, the gel improved permeation rate by 2.43 folds through
aqueous microchannels generated by dissolving microneedle pre-treatment and allowed 98% drug permeation.
The quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism was found to drive ex vivo release kinetics, with a
shorter lag time (0.88 h) and higher flux (26.65 μg/sq.cm.h). Microneedle-assisted Diacerein gel showed
a positive anti-inflammatory effect in the paw edema model and reduced diarrheal episodes in comparison
to the marketed oral formulation. The gel showed desired characteristics at 5°C±2°C when tested
under accelerated stability conditions.

Conclusion:
The present study reports for the first time the verification of efficacy and safety to advocate
the suitability of Diacerein for percutaneous delivery through dissolving microneedle-treated skin.
Novel 2-alkylthio-1-benzylimidazole-5-carboxylic Acid Derivatives Targeting
Gp41: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity Evaluation
Authors: Fassihi Afshin , Mostashari-Rad Tahereh , Claes Sandra , Schols Dominique , Shirvani Pouria 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Although current available medications have increased the quality of life in HIV-infected patients, there are still some shortcomings in HIV treatment arising from viral resistance, drug side effects and high cost of medication. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some suitable HIV inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. Gp41, located on the HIV cell surface, plays an important role in the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. With the same structure in different HIV strains, gp41 seems to be a promising target for developing novel HIV fusion inhibitors.

Objective:
Based on the essential structural elements of gp41 inhibitors, two series of compounds were prepared and their inhibitory effect on HIV cell growth was investigated. Compared to the known small-molecule gp41 inhibitors, 2-Alkylthio-1-benzylimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (series I) and (E)-4-{[5-(((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxyimino)methyl)-2-(alkylthio)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl}benzoic acid derivatives (series II) had more flexible skeleton with extra moieties interacting with the gp41 key residues.

Method:
In silico drug design approaches including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to design these novel compounds prior to preparation. The designed compounds exhibited proper chemical interactions and stable complexes with gp41. Then, the selected candidates were efficiently synthesized, and their anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 activities, as well as their cellular cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells were determined.

Results:
None of the compounds belonging to the series I were active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in cell cultures, and most of the compounds in series II exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells in low micro molar concentrations.

Conclusion:
The smaller molecular structures of the compounds in series I might be responsible for their poor anti-HIV effects. The high toxicity of the series II compounds on the host cell makes it impossible to assess their anti-HIV activities.
A Review of Organic Dye Based Nanoparticles: Preparation, Properties,
and Engineering/Technical Applications
Authors: Mahato Kapil Dev , Kumar Uday 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Organic dye-based nanoparticles (ODNPs) are fabricated with desired morphologies using
laser ablation, reprecipitation, ion association, and self-assembly methods. Primitively, this review introduces the theory of the molecular origins of dye aggregation, manifestations of the formations of
monomer to J-dimer, H-dimer, and oblique dimer (mixed J and H dimer) in ODNPs. Although, organic
dye nanoparticles have better basic properties than their monomer counterparts. These nanoparticles
are suitable candidates for many engineering and technical applications. Furthermore, we have discussed OLEDs, optoelectronics, sensing, environmental, light-harvesting antennas, cryptography, and
biomedical imaging applications. The conclusion made from the critical review analysis opens up a
new horizon for the future development of ODNPs applications.
Recent Advances in Palladium-catalyzed Borylation
Authors: Lamine Fall , Afsina C. M. A. , Archana Rajan , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The synthesis of organoboron compounds was accomplished using borylation catalyzed by palladium. This reaction is ubiquitous due to its wide-spread utility in coupling reactions and allied applications in synthesis. The attraction of borylation in organic synthesis has been attributed to moderate conditions associated with the reactions and tolerance to different types of functional groups. Their applications spread across pharmaceutical, medical, agricultural and other fields. This review summarizes the recent advances in palladium-catalyzed borylation halides and covers literature from 2012-2021.
Performance Metrics to Compare Various CO2 Reduction Processes
Authors: Lochhead Katherine , O’Hara Guenevere , Yang Dongfang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
In response to the increasing concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere, large
research efforts have been placed on the development of suitable carbon capture and utilization technology. The transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals is one of the most promising routes
for carbon utilization and can be accomplished by thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, electrochemical,
and photoelectrochemical methods. The advancement of this technology towards a commercial solution requires a synergistic approach, wherein members of the research community are continuously
evaluating the comparative performance of each method and adapting their research directions in response. As a result, the establishment of a universal metric for reporting the performance of thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction processes is critical. This work summarizes the advantages and disadvantages associated with each CO2 reduction
method and identifies their most frequently used performance metrics. Subsequently, a new performance metric, which applies to all CO2 reduction technologies, is introduced and defined as the
moles formed of the desired product per hour per accessible surface area of catalyst. Although limitations with ease of measurement exist, this work aims to demonstrate how the adoption of a universal
performance metric could help to unite the research community towards a common goal and improve
its efficiency in finding a solution to the global energy crisis.
Medicinal Importance, Pharmacological Activities, and Analytical
Aspects of Strictinin: A Mini-Review
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Plants and their derived products have been used in history as
food and medicine. Plant materials are rich sources of fiber, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive
phytochemicals, which are useful for human beings. Strictinin is an important phytoconstituent
of green tea.

Methods:
Present work mainly focuses on the biological importance, therapeutic potential,
and pharmacological activities of strictinin in medicine. Numerous scientific data
have been collected from various literature databases such as Google Scholar, Science
Direct, PubMed, and Scopus database in order to realize the health beneficial potential of
strictinin. Pharmacological data has been collected and analyzed in the present work to
find the effectiveness of strictinin against human disorders and complications. Analytical
data of strictinin has been also collected and analyzed in the present work.

Results:
Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of strictinin in medicine.
Scientific data analysis signified the therapeutic benefit of strictinin mainly due to
its anticancer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. However,
enzymatic activities, cytotoxicity, effectiveness on skin disorders, and osteogenic potential
of strictinin have also been discussed. Analytical data revealed the importance of
modern analytical techniques in medicine for the separation, identification, and isolation
of strictinin.

Conclusion:
Present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefits of
strictinin in medicine and other allied health sectors.