bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study on the noise propagation characteristics of rotor in non-uniform downwash flowfield Based on Linearized Euler Equations
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Xi , Zhao Qijun , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: November 2022

To study the influence of non-uniform flowfield on the propagation characteristics of helicopter rotor noise, a Hybrid Computational Aeroacoustics (HCAA) method is developed. The acoustic source region is simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique with the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) as the governing equations. Acoustic near-field is simulated by Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) technique with the Linearized Euler Equations (LEE) as the governing equations, and the numerical discretization of the LEE is accomplished by Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method. A novel acoustic source extraction method based on pressure and pressure gradient is proposed to accomplish the one-way CFD-CAA weak coupling. The HCAA method is validated through comparisons with noise experimental data of the UH-1H model rotor and the BO-105 model rotor. Based on the proposed HCAA method, the convection and refraction effects of rotor noise under different collective pitch angles are analyzed. The results show that the distortion effect of the rotor noise is most affected by the non-uniformly distributed downwash velocity field, resulting in an increment of acoustic energy below the rotor plane. The effect of non-uniformly distributed downwash velocity on noise propagation increases with the increase of the collective pitch angle. For the UH-1H model rotor, the maximum change of the sound pressure level is 0.8 dB (about 10% change of the effective sound pressure).
Smartphone digital phenotyping, surveys, and cognitive assessments for global mental health: Initial data and clinical correlations from an international first episode psychosis study
Authors: Lakhtakia Tanvi , Bondre Ameya , Chand Prabhat Kumar , Chaturvedi Nirmal , Choudhary Soumya , Currey Danielle , Dutt Siddharth , Khan Azaz , Kumar Mohit , Gupta Snehil , Nagendra Srilakshmi , Reddy Preethi V , Rozatkar Abhijit , Scheuer Luke , Sen Yogendra , Shrivastava Ritu , Singh Rahul , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Tugnawat Deepak Kumar , Bhan Anant , Naslund John A , Patel Vikram , Keshavan Matcheri , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Torous John 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo examine feasibility and acceptability of smartphone mental health app use for symptom, cognitive, and digital phenotyping monitoring among people with schizophrenia in India and the United States.MethodsParticipants in Boston, USA and Bhopal and Bangalore, India used a smartphone app to monitor symptoms, play cognitive games, access relaxation and psychoeducation resources and for one month, with an initial clinical and cognitive assessment and a one-month follow-up clinical assessment. Engagement with the app was compared between study sites, by clinical symptom severity and by cognitive functioning. Digital phenotyping data collection was also compared between three sites.ResultsBy Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, we found no difference between app activities completed or digital phenotyping data collected across the three study sites. App use also did not correlate to clinical or cognitive assessment scores. When using the app for symptom monitoring, preliminary findings suggest app-based assessment correlate with standard cognitive and clinical assessments.ConclusionsSmartphone app for symptom monitoring and digital phenotyping for individuals with schizophrenia appears feasible and acceptable in a global context. Clinical utility of this app for real-time assessments is promising, but further research is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy and generalizability for serious mental illness.
Feasibility of Patient Navigation for Care Planning in Primary Care
Authors: Hinesley Jennifer L. Gilbert , Brooks Edward Marshall , O’Loughlin Kristen , Webel Benjamin , Britz Jacqueline , Kashiri Paulette Lail , Scheer Jonathan , Richards Alicia , Lavallee Martin , Sabo Roy T. , Huebschmann Amy G. , Krist Alex H. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To help better control chronic conditions we need to address root causes of poor health like unhealthy behaviors, mental health, and social needs. However, addressing these needs in primary care is difficult. One solution may be connecting patients with a navigator for support creating a personal care goal. Methods: As part of an RCT to evaluate a feasible approach to care planning, 24 clinicians from 12 practices in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network (ACORN) and 87 intervention patients with uncontrolled chronic conditions participated in a care planning intervention. We had a structured process to guide patients, train navigators, and adapt the navigation process to meet the needs of each practice. Results: Only 1 practice had bandwidth for staff to serve as a patient navigator, even for extra pay. For the other 11 practices, a research team member needed to provide navigation services. On average, patients wanted 25 weeks of support to complete care plans. The average time patients needed to speak with navigators on the phone was 7 min and 3 s. In exit interviews, patients consistently shared how motivational it was to have a caring person check in on them, offer help, and hold them accountable. Conclusion: Patient navigation to address care plans should be feasible. The time commitment is minimal. It does not require intensive training, and primary care is already doing much of this work. Yet, given the burden and competing demands in primary care, this help cannot be offered without additional resources.
Influence of Surgeon Specialty on 30-day Outcomes Following Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Gupta Puneet , Hassan Fthimnir M , Thomas George M , Lombardi Joseph M , Sardar Zeeshan M 
Published: November 2022

Study Design Retrospective, propensity-matched analysis Objectives Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is being increasingly utilized for cervical disc generation. Surgeon specialty has been shown to influence the risk for postoperative complications in spine surgery, but this has not yet been explored for CDA. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in 30-day complications between patients undergoing single-level CDA by neurosurgeons vs by orthopaedic surgeons. Methods A retrospective, 1:1 propensity score matched analysis was performed using the NSQIP database from 2015 to 2020. Patient demographics, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications were recorded. Independent multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using the propensity-matched dataset to assess surgical specialty influence on any complication, any site complication, any operative infection, and any medical complications. Results 3179 single-level CDAs (28.8% orthopaedic surgery patients, 71.2% neurosurgery patients) were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Well-matched cohorts of 916 patients each were generated. After controlling for all possible confounders, orthopedic surgery specialty was not associated with a higher odds for any complication (OR: .87, 95% CI: .35 – 2.20, P = .7696), any site complication (OR: .32, 95% CI: .08 – 1.32, P = .1359), any operative infection (OR: .31, 95% CI: .07 – 1.34), P = .1172), nor any medical complication (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: .62 – 7.20, P = .2311) vs neurosurgery. Conclusion This is the first propensity-matched analysis to show that spine surgeon specialty does not influence the risk for any complication, any site complication, any operative infection, nor any medical complication following single-level CDA within the first 30 days after surgery.
Influence of Central Sensitization on Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy After Posterior Decompression Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Akeda Koji , Takegami Norihiko , Yamada Junichi , Fujiwara Tatsuhiko , Murata Koichiro , Kono Toshifumi , Sudo Takao , Imanishi Takao , Kurata Tatsuya , Kawakita Eiji , Sakakibara Toshihiko , Kondo Tetsushi , Takegami Kenji , Sato Masayoshi , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: November 2022

Study Design Multicenter prospective study. Objective The influence of central sensitization (CS) on neurological symptoms and surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative CS on surgical outcomes of patients with DCM following posterior decompression surgery. Methods 77 consecutive patients with DCM (mean age 67.1) who received posterior decompression surgery were included in this study. The participants completed CS inventory (CSI) scores and the following patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively: the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for cervical myelopathy and JOA cervical myelopathy evaluation questionnaire (JOACMEQ) for cervical spinal diseases. The association of preoperative CSI scores with preoperative and postoperative PROMs was analyzed, and their changes were statistically evaluated. Results The preoperative CSI score was significantly decreased at 12 months postoperatively, and it was significantly associated with the JOA score and JOACMEQ preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. However, no significant association was observed between preoperative CSI and the postoperative change of any PROMs at 12 months. The posterior decompression surgery significantly improved the JOA scores and ‘lower extremity function’ and ‘quality of life (QOL)’ domains of the JOACMEQ, independent of the severity of preoperative CSI score. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative CSI was significantly associated with the ‘QOL’ domain of JOACMEQ and original JOA score at 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion The CSI score can be an auxiliary indicator of surgical outcomes of patients with DCM following posterior decompression surgery.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) post-mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with cancer, treated with immune check point inhibitor (ICPi): An immune double whammy!
Authors: Baker Richard , Gosalia Kinjal , Jhaveri Kenar D , Gudsoorkar Prakash 
Published: November 2022

Background: Immune check point inhibitors (ICPi) have become the first line treatment for most of the cancers and have shown promising results. However, they can provoke reactions, the most feared being immune related adverse events (irAE). Case presentation: We present a series of three cases, of patients recieving ICPi. All three patients developed AKI after administration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Two patients had kidney-biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) which responded to ICPi discontinuation and treatment with steroids. One had presumed AIN based on the high levels of CRP and urine retinol binding protein to creatinine ratio and responded to cessation of ICPi alone. Conclusion: These three cases demonstrate that a strong immune response from the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine combined with an uninhibited immune system under influence of ICPi led to an amplification of autoimmunity leading to AKI presenting as AIN.
Effectiveness of Hallux Valgus Surgery on Post-Operative Outcomes in Skeletally Mature Patients
Authors: Aran Fernando S. , Lukosius Eric , Easley Mark E. , Naseer Zahid , Wong Raymond 
Published: November 2022

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of 1st MTP motion preserving hallux valgus surgery using Patient Reported Outcomes (PROMs) in the literature since 2001. This paper also tries to eliminate some of the heterogeneity in reporting by using the effect size of the treatment using Minimally Important Clinical Differences (MCIDs). Methods: For this systematic review, we searched for peer-reviewed English-language articles published in 2001 or later, using the electronic databases Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, PEDro, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, Web of Science, and World Wide Science. There were a total of 5,544 articles published on bunions. We reviewed all the abstracts and 1,200 papers were selected for full text evaluation. Finally, we analyzed 310 of the articles for this review. In total, there were 21,109 patients in 401 cohorts that underwent surgery on a total of 24,231 feet. Results: Our primary endpoint was patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and was stratified based on location of the osteotomy on the metatarsal shaft as well as follow up time. AOFAS was the most common PROM used and was included in 83.5% of the articles. We found that double osteotomies had the greatest overall change score in PROMs with an overall mean improvement of 1.69 MCIDs (CI +/- 0.7), compared to 1.23 (CI +/-0.46) for distal osteotomies; shaft and proximal osteotomies were similar to the distal subgroup. Although it had the highest positive change, double osteotomies were associated with the highest complication rates of recurrence (11.2%), malunion (4.8%), and avascular necrosis (3.2%). Minimally invasive vs open techniques had similar changes in HVA, IMA, and PROMs. There was a slightly higher satisfaction rate in the Open group at 91.6% vs 89.6% in the MIS group. Conclusion: Bony correction of bunions demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in patient reported outcomes with an aggregate MCID between 1.26-1.69. They performed significantly better than soft tissue procedures +/- proximal phalanx osteotomy. Although double osteotomy did perform better than the other bony osteotomies it did have a higher complication rate and the group was a much smaller cohort which makes it more susceptible to bias. MIS vs Open bunion correction demonstrated similar correction and AOFAS scores, the satisfaction rate was about 2% higher in open which was statistically significant but may not have clinical significance
International Cash Conduits and Real Estate Empires: A Case Study in Canadian Philanthropic Crime
Authors: Howe Miles , Sylvestre Paul 
Published: November 2022

We analyze an instance of philanthropic law-breaking by a group of Canadian charities, who funnelled millions in tax-exempt funds to foreign recipients. Analyzing 20 years of tax data, we identify a pattern of regulatory violation we are calling the burner charity phenomenon. We track a chronological sequence of organizational behaviour characterized by hibernation, growth, and abandonment, across three linked burner charities. Backstopping burner charities, we show, is a network of public and private foundations. We argue that the purpose of burner charities is to enable foundations to transfer funds to foreign agents while remaining shielded from Canadian law. Combining insights from white collar crime and a Zemiology, we conclude by considering the multi-faceted dimensions of harm associated with burner charities.
Creating an automated contemporaneous cohort in sickle cell anemia to predict survival after disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Cronin Robert M. , Wuichet Kristin , Ghafuri Djamila L , Hodges Brock , Chopra Maya , He Jing , Niu Xinnan , Kassim Adetola A. , Wilkerson Karina , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration requires contemporaneous controls to compare clinical outcomes for participants receiving experimental gene therapy or gene editing clinical trials. However, developing a contemporaneous cohort of rare diseases requires multiple person-hours. In a single referral center for sickle cell disease, we tested the hypothesis that we could create an automated contemporaneous cohort of children and adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA) to predict mortality. Data were obtained between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2021. We identified 419 individuals with SCA with consistent medical care defined as followed continuously for &gt;0.5 years with no visit gaps &gt;3.0 years. The median age was 10.2 years (IQR, 1-24 years), with a median follow-up of 7.4 years (IQR, 3.6-13.5 years) and 47 deaths. A total of 98% (274 of 277) of the children remained alive at 18 years of age, and 34.3% (94 of 274) of those children were followed into adulthood. For adults, the median age of survival was 49.3 years. Treatment groups were mutually exclusive and in a hierarchical order: hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 22)&gt;regular blood transfusion for at least 2 years (n = 56)&gt;hydroxyurea for at least 1 year (n = 243)&gt;no disease-modifying therapy (n = 98). Compared to those receiving no disease-modifying treatment, those treated with hydroxyurea therapy had a significantly lower hazard of mortality (hazard ratio = 0.38; P = 0.016), but no statistical difference for those receiving regular blood transfusions compared to no disease-modifying therapy (hazard ratio = 0.71; P = 0.440). An automated contemporaneous SCA cohort can be generated to estimate mortality in children and adults with SCA.
Spatial distribution of rotavirus immunization coverage in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis using the Bayesian approach
Authors: Atalell Kendalem Asmare , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Rotavirus causes substantial morbidity and mortality every year, particularly among under-five children. Despite Rotavirus immunization preventing severe diarrheal disease in children, the vaccination coverage remains inadequate in many African countries including Ethiopia. Measuring rotavirus immunization coverage in a lower geographic area can provide information for designing and implementing a targeted immunization campaign. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of rotavirus immunization coverage in Ethiopia.

Methods
Rotavirus immunization coverage data were obtained from the recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2019). Covariate data were assembled from different publicly available sources. A Bayesian geostatistics model was used to estimate the national rotavirus immunization coverage at a pixel level and to identify factors associated with the spatial clustering of immunization coverages.

Result
The national rotavirus immunization coverage in Ethiopia was 52.3% (95% CI: 50.3, 54.3). The immunization coverage varied substantially at the sub-national level with spatial clustering of low immunization coverage observed in the Eastern, Southeastern, and Northeastern parts of Ethiopia. The spatial clustering of the rotavirus immunization coverage was positively associated with altitude of the area [mean regression coefficient (β): 0.38; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): 0.18, 0.58] and negatively associated with travel time to the nearest cities in minutes [mean regression coefficient (β): − 0.45; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): (− 0.73, − 0.18)] and distance to the nearest health facilities [mean regression coefficient (β): − 0.71908; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): (− 1.07, − 0.37)].

Conclusions
This study found that the rotavirus immunization coverage varied substantially at sub-national and local levels in Ethiopia. The spatial clustering of rotavirus immunization coverage was associated with geographic and healthcare access factors such as altitude, distance to health facilities, and travel time to the nearest cities. The immunization program should be strengthened in Ethiopia, especially in the Eastern, Southeastern, and Northeastern parts of the Country. Outreach immunization services should be also implemented in areas with low coverage.
Prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammed Ousman , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Bisetegn Habtye , Tilahun Mihret , Gedefie Alemu , Ebrahim Endris , Fiseha Mesfin , Necho Mogesie , Fiseha Temesgen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, the human immunodeficiency virus has been recognized as a major public health concern. The direct toxicity of antiretroviral medicines or their active metabolites causes liver cell destruction by different mechanisms, inducing immune-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and other mechanisms. On the other hand, the virus itself also produces hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia.MethodsPubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ResearchGate databases were used to find relevant articles. As well, various professional associations were searched to retrieve grey literature. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of recruited studies. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and the meta-analysis was carried out using STATA 14 software. I2and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. A random effect model was used. The funnel plot and Egger’s statistics were used to assess publication bias. Moreover, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also done.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV patients in Ethiopia was 25.45% (95% CI = 20.06–30.84%). There was high heterogeneity, with an I2value of 93.7%. Subgroup analysis by HAART status showed a higher pooled prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV patients taking HAART (23.63%) than among HAART naive patients (7.29%). In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV/Tb co-infected and HIV mono-infected patients was 26.3% and 17.94%, respectively.ConclusionThe current systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected patients. Therefore, regular monitoring of hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected patients is required in order to avoid liver damage and other complications.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (2022:CRD42022334704)
Central hypersomnia and chronic insomnia: expanding the spectrum of sleep disorders in long COVID syndrome - a prospective cohort study
Authors: Moura Alissa Elen Formiga , Oliveira Danilo Nunes , Torres Danielle Mesquista , Tavares-Júnior José Wagner Leonel , Nóbrega Paulo Ribeiro , Braga-Neto Pedro , Sobreira-Neto Manoel Alves 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Long-onset COVID syndrome has been described in patients with COVID-19 infection with persistence of symptoms or development of sequelae beyond 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms, a medium- and long-term consequence of COVID-19. This syndrome can affect up to 32% of affected individuals, with symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive disorders, insomnia, and psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the prevalence of sleep symptoms in patients with long COVID syndrome.

Methodology
A total of 207 patients with post-COVID symptoms were evaluated through clinical evaluation with a neurologist and specific exams in the subgroup complaining of excessive sleepiness.

Results
Among 189 patients included in the long COVID sample, 48 (25.3%) had sleep-related symptoms. Insomnia was reported by 42 patients (22.2%), and excessive sleepiness (ES) was reported by 6 patients (3.17%). Four patients with ES were evaluated with polysomnography and test, multiple sleep latencies test, and actigraphic data. Two patients had a diagnosis of central hypersomnia, and one had narcolepsy. A history of steroid use was related to sleep complaints (insomnia and excessive sleepiness), whereas depression was related to excessive sleepiness. We observed a high prevalence of cognitive complaints in these patients.

Conclusion
Complaints related to sleep, such as insomnia and excessive sleepiness, seem to be part of the clinical post-acute syndrome (long COVID syndrome), composing part of its clinical spectrum, relating to some clinical data.