bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability and pathogenicity of Fusarium verticillioides isolates from the summer‐sown maize regions in China
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Jiang Kaifang , Huai Baoyu , Ye Lei , You Jianye , Ma Yuanwei , Tan Genjia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaize ear rot, one of the most destructive diseases in summer‐sown maize areas of China, is caused by several Fusarium spp. Not only does this pathogen lower maize yields, but also negatively impacts both animal and human health through the production of fumonisin mycotoxins. In this study, we collected 472 unique isolates of F. verticillioides from 480 samples of maize ear rots across eight Chinese summer‐sown maize regions and evaluated their genetic variability and aggressiveness. Analysis of polymorphic intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci revealed high levels of genetic variation, particularly in Henan and Shandong provinces. The STRUCTURE result showed that all F. verticillioides isolates clustered into three populations, rather than eight distinct geographical provinces, and there was no significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Most of the variation resulted from genetic differences within rather than between populations. Pathogenicity varied among the evaluated F. verticillioides isolates, and most isolates examined, caused a moderate level of disease; there was no strong correlation between pathogenicity and genetic diversity. This is the first comprehensive report of both the genetic variability and pathogenicity of F. verticillioides across the whole summer‐sown maize region in China. These results provide important information that can inform efforts to control maize ear rot and fumonisin contamination caused by F. verticillioides.
Block‐transitive designs based on grids
Authors: Alavi Seyed Hassan , Daneshkhah Ashraf , Devillers Alice , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study point‐block incidence structures for which the point set is an grid. Cameron and the fourth author showed that each block may be viewed as a subgraph of a complete bipartite graph with bipartite parts (biparts) of sizes . In the case where consists of all the subgraphs isomorphic to , under automorphisms of fixing the two biparts, they obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for to be a 2‐design, and to be a 3‐design. We first reinterpret these conditions more graph theoretically, and then focus on square grids, and designs admitting the full automorphism group of . We find necessary and sufficient conditions, again in terms of graph theoretic parameters, for these incidence structures to be ‐designs, for , and give infinite families of examples illustrating that block‐transitive, point‐primitive 2‐designs based on grids exist for all values of , and flag‐transitive, point‐primitive examples occur for all even . This approach also allows us to construct a small number of block‐transitive 3‐designs based on grids.
The spectrum of a well‐generated tensor‐triangulated category
Authors: Krause Henning , Letz Janina C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a tensor‐triangulated category and any regular cardinal , we study the frame of ‐localizing tensor ideals and its associated space of points. For a well‐generated category and its frame of localizing tensor ideals, we provide conditions such that the associated space is obtained by refining the topology of the corresponding space for the triangulated subcategory of ‐compact objects. This is illustrated by several known examples for , and new spaces arise for .
The Connection Between Sliding Mode Analysis and Singular Perturbation Theory for Modeling Fast Hydraulically Fed-Back Switching Valves
Authors: Zagar Philipp , Scheidl Rudolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In most cases modeling of fast switching valves in hydraulics results in fast and slow subsystems. System equations which incorporate fast and slow dynamics are called stiff systems and one can apply singular perturbation theory to reduce the system order and get handy approximate expressions in a lower-order description. This is not only useful to reduce complexity to numerically solve the system efficiently, but also to understand the system’s key parameters and how they affect the behavior which is of great interest during design phase.
In a previous paper the authors published an approach which uses switched systems and sliding modes to get a reduced system description of hydraulically fed-back switching. There, one models a hydraulic valve as either completely open or closed. A partially opened valve is then modelled as a sliding mode which can be interpreted as a pulse-width modulation of a fast switching digital valve. Even though, the resulting sliding mode dynamics approximation does not preserve topological properties of the full system dynamics an advantage of this approach is that the system incorporates the nonlinearities which arise due to end-stops of valves in a very natural way. Therefore, it is capable of describing system dynamics which results from such non-smooth properties. In this paper the authors work out the naturally suggested — even though not obvious — connection between both approaches for reducing systems with hydraulically fed-back switching valves.
Fault Diagnosis of Control Valve Based on Fusion of Deep Learning and Elastic Weight Consolidation
Authors: Yin Hao , Xu He , Zhao Yuhan , Sun Feng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep neural network learning is a commonly used method for fault diagnosis of the control valve. However, the catastrophic forgetting problem of deep learning in multi-task affects the fault diagnosis accuracy. Moreover, the traditional training model can be improved by using parameter constraint control or adding a few parameters, but it has many limitations. Therefore, this paper proposed a fusion of elastic weight consolidation algorithm and residual shrinkage network method, sharing common feature layers. According to the weight of the same or similar parameters of the previous task, the correct solution of the current task could be obtained, and the forgetting degree of the previous task could be reduced. It improved the generalization ability of the training model. The control valve data were collected and compared with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm in different valve openings. The results indicate that this method has a high accuracy for the condition identification of the control valve. This method can effectively alleviate the problem of the catastrophic forgetting of deep learning in multi-task identification of control valve.
Treatment pattern trends of medications for type 2 diabetes in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Carney Greg , Kim Jason D , O'Sullivan Cait , Thompson Wade , Bassett Ken , Levin Josh , Dormuth Colin R 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSeveral new oral drug classes for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been introduced in the last 20 years accompanied by developments in clinical evidence and guidelines. The uptake of new therapies and contemporary use of blood glucose-lowering drugs has not been closely examined in Canada. The objective of this project was to describe these treatment patterns and relate them to changes in provincial practice guidelines.Research design and methodsWe conducted a longitudinal drug utilization study among persons with T2DM aged ≥18 years from 2001 to 2020 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We used dispensing data from community pharmacies with linkable physician billing and hospital admission records. Laboratory results were available from 2011 onwards. We identified incident users of blood glucose-lowering drugs, then determined sequence patterns of medications dispensed, with stratification by age group, and subgroup analysis for patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.ResultsAmong a cohort of 362 391 patients (mean age 57.7 years old, 53.5% male) treated for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the proportion who received metformin monotherapy as first-line treatment reached a maximum of 90% in 2009, decreasing to 73% in 2020. The proportion of patients starting two-drug combinations nearly doubled from 3.3% to 6.4%. Sulfonylureas were the preferred class of second-line agents over the course of the study period. In 2020, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists accounted for 21% and 10% of second-line prescribing, respectively. For patients with baseline glycated hemoglobin (A1C) results prior to initiating diabetic treatment, 41% had a value ≤7.0% and 27% had a value over 8.5%.ConclusionsOral diabetic medication patterns have changed significantly over the last 20 years in BC, primarily in terms of medications used as second-line therapy. Over 40% of patients with available laboratory results initiated T2DM treatment with an A1C value ≤7.0%, with the average A1C value trending lower over the last decade.
Multicentre registration of wake-up stroke in China (MCRWUSC): a protocol for a prospective, multicentre, registry-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Zengyu , Yang Hualan , Tu Zhilan , Nepal Gaurav , Ojha Rajeev , Xi Yan , Qiao Jianlan , Hu Mengting , Li Chao , Lin Fuchun , Zhou Lili , Jin Pengpeng , Hou Shuangxing 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWake-up stroke (WUS) is a type of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) that occurs during sleep with unknown time of symptom onset. The best treatment is usually not suitable for WUS, as thrombolysis is usually provided to patients who had a symptomatic AIS within a definite 4.5 hours, and WUS remains a therapeutic quandary. Efforts to explore the onset time characteristics of patients who had a WUS and the risk factors affecting poor prognosis support a role for providing new insights by performing multicentre cohort study.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, nationwide prospective registry will include 21 comprehensive stroke centres, with a goal of recruiting 550 patients who had a WUS in China. In this study, clinical data including patient’s clinical characteristics, stroke onset time, imaging findings, therapeutic interventions and prognosis (the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score and the modified Rankin Scale Score at different time points) will be used to develop prediction models for stroke onset time and prognostic evaluation using the fast-processing of ischemic stroke software. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors influencing prognosis, to investigate the relationship between the time when the symptoms are found and the actual onset time and to establish an artificial intelligence-based model to predict the prognosis of patients who had a WUS.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Pudong Hospital (Shanghai, China) and rest of all participating centres. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberChiCTR2100049133.
Exploring experiences and health-related quality of life of caregivers of patients who start home dialysis: study protocol for a prospective, multicentre cohort study
Authors: van Lieshout TS , Vonk S , Driehuis E , Roeterdink AJ , Goto NA , Vogels TJFM , Kooijman WCS , Bart JAJ , Broese van Groenou MI , van Jaarsveld BC , Abrahams AC 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionStarting dialysis not only has a major impact on the life of patients but also on their informal caregivers. Previous research shows greater burden and lower quality of life among caregivers of dialysis patients compared with the general population. Unfortunately, the evidence on the course of both positive and negative experience in caregivers of incident dialysis patients is scarce. Furthermore, well-designed, prospective, multicentre studies comparing caregiving of home dialysis patients with in-centre dialysis patients are lacking. This paper proposes a protocol to assess the trajectory of experiences (both positive and negative) and quality of life of caregivers of home dialysis patients compared with caregivers of in-centre dialysis patients.Methods and analysisThis paper presents a protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study which extends the ongoing Dutch nOcturnal and hoME dialysis Study To Improve Clinical Outcomes (DOMESTICO). This study will include at least 200 adult caregivers of patients who start dialysis therapy and have been included in the DOMESTICO study. Positive experiences of the caregivers will be the primary outcome parameter of this study, and negative experiences and health-related quality of life the secondary outcome parameters. Required support will be investigated as an exploratory finding. Outcome parameters will be assessed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after start of dialysis using validated questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centre. The results of this study will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and through presentations at conferences and seminars.
Establishing breast feeding in infants with Down syndrome: the FADES cohort experience
Authors: Williams Georgina M , Leary Sam , Leadbetter Sofia , Toms Stu , Mortimer Georgina , Scorrer Tim , Gillespie Kathleen , Shield Julian P H 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo describe breastfeeding prevalence and maternal experience in infants with trisomy 21.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingParticipants from UK recruited through websites, social media and local collaborators: neonatologists, community paediatricians and research nurses.SubjectsInfants under the age of 8 months with Down syndrome (DS) recruited to the Feeding and Autoimmunity in Down Syndrome Evaluation Study between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2017. Seventy participants: median age 20 weeks (IQR 13–29 weeks) at initial questionnaire.Main outcome measureBreastfeeding prevalence at 6 weeks and 6 months among infants with DS.ResultsThe prevalence of exclusive breast feeding among study participants was similar to the general population (13/61, 21% vs 23% at 6 weeks, 2/54, 4% vs 1% at 6 months). However, the prevalence of breast feeding (exclusive or combination feeding) among the study participants was higher than the general population (39/61 64% vs 55% at 6 weeks, 32/59 54% vs 34% at 6 months).ConclusionAlthough there may be challenges in establishing breast feeding in infants with DS, our data suggest that exclusive breast feeding is possible for some, and the prevalence of breast feeding is comparable to the prevalence in the general population.Trial registration numberISRCTN12415856
Optimising ambulance conveyance rates and staff costs by adjusting proportions of rapid-response vehicles and dual-crewed ambulances: an economic decision analytical modelling study
Authors: Ridyard Colin , Smith Murray , Spaight Robert , Law Graham Richard , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: November 2022

AimTo model optimum proportions of dual-crewed ambulances (DCAs) and rapid-response vehicles (RRVs) in Ambulance Trusts with a view to generating a policy brief for one Ambulance Trust and a modelling tool for other Trusts on the strategic procurement and allocation of emergency vehicle (EV) resources.MethodsHistorical EV assignments for 12 months of emergency calls in 2019 were provided by an NHS Ambulance Trust and analysed for backup, see and treat, and patient to hospital conveyance. Unit costs were derived for paramedics and technicians using Agenda for Change pay rates. Time cycles were assigned for RRV and DCA attendances and unit costs assigned to these. Information was put into a decision analytical model to estimate the costs and numbers of vehicles attending incidents based on relative proportions of available RRVs and DCAs.ResultsOf 711 992 calls attended by 837 107 EVs, 514 766 (72.3%) required at least one emergency department conveyance. The rate of conveyance was significantly lower when RRVs arrived first on the scene. 27 883 out of 529 693 (5.3%) DCAs first arriving at an incident required some backup, and this was also factored into the model. Modelling demonstrated high conveyance rates were counterproductive when increasing the relative proportions of RRVs to DCAs. For example, with conveyance rates of 65%, increasing the RRVs increased the cost and numbers of vehicles attending per incident. At lower conveyance rates, however, there was a levelling around 30% where it could become cost-effective to increase the relative proportions of RRVs to DCAs.ConclusionAt current overall conveyance rates, there is no benefit in increasing the relative proportions of RRVs to DCAs unless additional benefits can be realised that bring the conveyance rates down.
Echoes of the past: prevalence and correlates of PTSD among formerly abducted youths in northern Uganda: findings from the WAYS study
Authors: Amone-P'Olak Kennedy , Omech Bernard , Kakinda Adrian Ivan , Kibedi Henry 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has considerable and persistent effects on survivors of war, particularly in postconflict areas. Yet, evidence on what keeps survivors on the path of PTSD remains scarce.AimsThe current study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of PTSD symptoms among the war-affected population in northern Uganda.MethodsData from 476 war-affected youths (aged 20–27 years) who had participated in a longitudinal cohort study were analysed to describe the enduring associations of background and postwar environmental risk factors with PTSD symptoms. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to evaluate symptoms of PTSD. Descriptive statistics were used to compute background and postwar environmental correlates. Binary logistic regression analyses were fitted to assess the magnitude of the effects of the correlates on PTSD symptoms.ResultsBackground and postwar environmental factors (eg, sexual abuse and injury in captivity) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Postwar environmental factors associated with PTSD symptoms included postwar hardships, stigma/discrimination, chronic illness, community relations, family acceptance and general functioning, among others. The odds ratios (ORs) for post-war hardships were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63 to 3.56) and 2.90 (95% CI: 2.03 to 4.14) for high and severe PTSD, respectively. For stigma/discrimination, compared with higher scores, the ORs were 3.38 (95% CI: 2.22 to 5.17) and 4.12 (95% CI: 2.69 to 6.30) for high and severe PTSD symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsBackground and postwar environmental stressors exacerbate the severity of PTSD symptoms in survivors of war and should form the basis for interventions to alleviate the toxic effects of war on survivors.
CSF ferritin in the clinicopathological progression of Alzheimer’s disease and associations with APOE and inflammation biomarkers
Authors: Ayton Scott , Janelidze Shorena , Kalinowski Pawel , Palmqvist Sebastian , Belaidi Abdel Ali , Stomrud Erik , Roberts Anne , Roberts Blaine , Hansson Oskar , Bush Ashley Ian 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundA putative role for iron in driving Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression is complicated by previously reported associations with neuroinflammation, apolipoprotein E and AD proteinopathy. To establish how iron interacts with clinicopathological features of AD and at what disease stage iron influences cognitive outcomes, we investigated the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of iron (ferritin), inflammation (acute phase response proteins) and apolipoproteins with pathological biomarkers (CSF Aβ42/t-tau, p-tau181), clinical staging and longitudinal cognitive deterioration in subjects from the BioFINDER cohort, with replication of key results in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort.MethodsFerritin, acute phase response proteins (n=9) and apolipoproteins (n=6) were measured in CSF samples from BioFINDER (n=1239; 4 years cognitive follow-up) participants stratified by cognitive status (cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, AD) and for the presence of amyloid and tangle pathology using CSF Aβ42/t-tau (A+) and p-tau181 (T+). The ferritin and apolipoprotein E associations were replicated in the ADNI (n=264) cohort.ResultsIn both cohorts, ferritin and apoE were elevated in A-T+ and A+T+ subjects (16%–40%), but not clinical diagnosis. Other apolipoproteins and acute phase response proteins increased with clinical diagnosis, not pathology. CSF ferritin was positively associated with p-tau181, which was mediated by apolipoprotein E. An optimised threshold of ferritin predicted cognitive deterioration in mild cognitive impairment subjects in the BioFINDER cohort, especially those people classified as A-T- and A+T-.ConclusionsCSF markers of iron and neuroinflammation have distinct associations with disease stages, while iron may be more intimately associated with apolipoprotein E and tau pathology.
Tobacco imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020: a declining trend
Authors: Li Xuping , Niu Lu , Kuang Yiying , Mei Jinglan , Li Ruimin , Li Tonghe , Ding Jing , Xiao Shuiyuan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundExposure to tobacco imagery in films can result in tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. Efforts have been made to limit tobacco imagery in films in China. Our study investigates the level and trend of tobacco imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020.MethodsThe running time of the 20 top-grossing films in China annually from 2001 to 2020 was divided into 5 min intervals, and those containing tobacco imagery were coded for the following aspects: country of origin, presence of warning, presence of minors and the presence of tobacco brands.ResultsWe coded 9423 five-minute intervals across 400 films. Tobacco imagery occurred in 1344 intervals across 239 films. There was a declining trend in the proportion of films (r=−0.515, p=0.022) and the proportion of intervals (r=−0.004, p<0.001) with tobacco imagery over time. None of the films with tobacco imagery contained a warning for their audience against smoking. Chinese films contained more tobacco imagery than international films, and tobacco imagery related to minors and tobacco brands were present despite regulations.ConclusionTobacco imagery remains in films in China. The relevant authorities and film producers should ban films with tobacco imagery in China; for example, they should ban films with tobacco imagery from participating in awards, add warnings to films with tobacco imagery and give films containing tobacco imagery a default ‘R’ classification.