bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen gradients dictate angiogenesis but not barriergenesis in a 3D brain microvascular model
Authors: Tran Kiet A. , Baldwin‐Leclair Abigail , DeOre Brandon J. , Antisell Morgan , Galie Peter A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA variety of biophysical properties are known to regulate angiogenic sprouting, and in vitro systems can parse the individual effects of these factors in a controlled setting. Here, a three‐dimensional brain microvascular model interrogates how variables including extracellular matrix composition, fluid shear stress, and radius of curvature affect angiogenic sprouting of cerebral endothelial cells. Tracking endothelial migration over several days reveals that application of fluid shear stress and enlarged vessel radius of curvature both attenuate sprouting. Computational modeling informed by oxygen consumption assays suggests that sprouting correlates to reduced oxygen concentration: both fluid shear stress and vessel geometry alter the local oxygen levels dictated by both ambient conditions and cellular respiration. Moreover, increasing cell density and consequently lowering the local oxygen levels yields significantly more sprouting. Further analysis reveals that the magnitude of oxygen concentration is not as important as its spatial concentration gradient: decreasing ambient oxygen concentration causes significantly less sprouting than applying an external oxygen gradient to the vessels. In contrast, barriergenesis is dictated by shear stress independent of local oxygen concentrations, suggesting that different mechanisms mediate angiogenesis and barrier formation and that angiogenic sprouting can occur without compromising the barrier. Overall, these results improve our understanding of how specific biophysical variables regulate the function and activation of cerebral vasculature, and identify spatial oxygen gradients as the driving factor of angiogenesis in the brain.
A low‐input strategy for chromium removal from industrial stormwater using peat sorbent
Authors: Stewart Brandy , Nicholas Sarah , Bone Sharon , Tappero Ryan , Eger Paul , Sheik Cody , Toner Brandy M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow‐cost and low‐input water treatment systems are important for industrial stormwater remediation. Here we examine a flow‐through reactor treatment installation where water exceeds the allowable maximum concentration for drinking water in multiple metals (e.g., chromium [Cr], cadmium [Cd], zinc [Zn]) prior to treatment. Specifically, we seek to understand why Cr attenuated in the reactors is not leachable by identifying the specific chemical form of Cr and dominant mechanisms promoting sequestration in the reactors. Total solid‐phase Cr concentration in the peat media ranged from 50 to 150 mg/kg after 1 yr of exposure to stormwater to 300 to 900 mg/kg after 3.5 yr. X‐ray fluorescence mapping images show Cr, iron (Fe), and Zn spatially correlated over a scale of 10 μm to 5 mm. Chromium rinds form on the edges of peat particles as Cr accumulates. Chromium and Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveal chromium predominately in the 3+ oxidation state with lesser amounts of elemental Cr. We propose the primary means of chromium attenuation in the reactors is precipitation as Cr‐Fe hydroxides combined with trivalent Cr adsorption onto peat surfaces.
The seasonality of nitrate and phosphorus leaching from manure and chemical fertilizer added to a chernozemic soil in Canada
Authors: Kokulan Vivekananthan , Akinremi O. O. , Moulin Alan P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentifying seasons sensitive to nutrient losses could help farmers and policymakers to formulate effective nutrient loss reduction strategies. This long‐term study monitored water percolation as well as nitrate (NO3–N) and total phosphorus (TP) leaching from liquid swine manure and chemical fertilizer applied to intact core lysimeters in a sandy loam soil in Manitoba, Canada. Water percolation, NO3–N, and TP leaching were monitored from 2005 to 2016. Chemical fertilizer showed greater average annual mean water percolation (p = .01), annual flow‐weighted mean concentration (FWMC) of NO3–N (22 mg L–1; p < .001), and annual NO3–N leaching (36 kg N ha–1; p = .002) compared with the manure treatment (FWMC NO3–N, 15 mg L–1; NO3–N leaching load, 22 kg N ha–1). Average annual mean TP loss did not differ between treatments (p = .86). Spring (April–June) was the most sensitive season, when >75% of annual percolation, >80% of annual NO3–N, and >68% of annual TP leaching losses occurred from both manure and chemical fertilizer. Annual NO3–N and TP leaching increased exponentially with cumulative winter and spring precipitation (control, r2 = .69; manure, r2 = .79; chemical fertilizer, r2 = .63) and decreased with winter and spring air temperatures. The largest spring NO3–N and TP leaching losses were observed in 2013, which followed the dry year of 2012, indicating the potential for nutrient flushing. The findings emphasize the need for environmentally sound N and P management strategies in cold North American regions underlain by coarse‐textured soils, particularly during the spring season.
“Angela's psych squad”: Black psychology against the American carceral state in the 1970s
Authors: Pettit Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines the duality of the Black psychology movement in the United States as both a distinctly American and a postcolonial approach to mental health. The Westside Community Mental Health Center in San Francisco served as the organizational hub for the Association for Black Psychologists (ABPsi) in the 1970s. The Westside clinicians understood forensic psychology as a kind of preventative care as California, more so than any other state, was seduced by the eugenic dream of human improvement through therapeutic interventions in schools and prisons intended to correct the wayward deviant. Their community's mental wellbeing required dismantling the interlinked disciplinary apparatus which disproportionately surveyed, tracked, and confined young Black men. These psychologists mounted a legal challenge to the use of intelligence testing to sort Black children in schools, seeking to replace standardized tests with “dynamic assessments” inspired by Israeli psychologist Reuven Feuerstein's work with refugee children. They consulted on the voir dire process in the highly politicized Angela Davis trial to minimize the presence of racially prejudiced jurors. They offered expert testimony on the psychological damage of solitary confinement on behalf of prison activists. The Westside team artfully developed and deployed the psychological concept of “bias” in their confrontations with local manifestations of the American carceral state. In their theoretical writings, these psychologists reflected upon their historical positionality, understanding themselves as products of the decolonial moment. Bay Area encounters with Third World internationalism, the Black Panther Party (BPP), the Nation of Islam, and community‐led substance abuse programs shaped clinical care at Westside and inspired the Afrocentric consciousness many came to espouse. ABPsi initially had a significant impact on the historically white American Psychological Association's training practices. However, the two organizations split over the IQ controversy at a moment when psychologists became increasingly enmeshed in the criminal justice system
Influence of electrolytes on the structural and viscosity properties of mixed anionic–nonionic–zwitterionic surfactants in detergent formulations
Authors: Alves Andreia A. S. , Sousa Francisco J. P. M. , Sebastião Marco , Antunes Filipe E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCleaning products have a global market of around $33 billion in 2020 and play an essential role in daily life, providing consumers with important public health benefits. Surfactants are the main ingredients of cleaning products and they can effectively remove dirt, germs, and other contaminants from surfaces. Understanding the role of each surfactant class in a detergent formulation and their interaction with NaCl is of utmost importance for formulating efficient and sustainable cleaning products. This paper describes the study of ternary surfactant systems consisting of surfactants (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alkyl polyglycoside, or betaine, three of the most commonly used surfactants in detergent formulations), water, and NaCl. The effects of concentration on critical micelle concentration, aggregate size, and rheological behavior were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and rheology techniques.
Identifying child protection workers at risk for secondary traumatization: A latent class analysis of the Professional Quality of Life Scale–5
Authors: Vang Maria L. , Pihl‐Thingvad Jesper , Shevlin Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSecondary traumatization (ST) is a topical area among trauma‐exposed employees, where many are at risk of occupational mental health problems due to their work with trauma survivors. Challenges related to the accurate operationalization of ST symptoms persist, and there is no valid method for identifying employees at risk of clinically significant symptom levels. This study aimed to test the applicability of latent class analysis (LCA) to identify employees at risk for clinically relevant ST symptoms. LCA was used to identify patterns of ST symptom endorsement using the Professional Quality of Life Scale–5 (ProQoL) in a national sample of Danish child protection workers (CPW; N = 545). Predictors and associated levels of distress and functional impairment across the symptom presentations were tested using regression analysis, and three classes were identified. A total of 3.8% (n = 21) of participants were at high risk of endorsing symptoms of ST that were associated with significant levels of distress and increased functional impairment. The LCA approach outperformed existing scoring procedures in differentiating between employees with varying levels of distress, impairment, and well‐being. A minority of Danish CPWs are at risk for levels of ST that may be considered clinically significant for their associations with anxiety and social and cognitive impairment. Although the ProQoL is not a diagnostic tool, per se, a revised scoring procedure may render the measure useful when screening for employees who are at risk for levels of distress and impairment that require intervention.
Fractional microneedle radiofrequency versus fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars
Authors: Tawfic Shereen O. , Hassan Akmal S. , El‐Zahraa SH Aly Fatma , Elbendary Amira , Shaker Olfat G. , AlOrbani Aya M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNew and improved treatment modalities, including lasers and energy‐based devices, are promising treatment options for hypertrophic scars. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) compared with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars.Patients and MethodsTwenty patients with hypertrophic scars were enrolled in the study. Two areas in each patient were randomly assigned to fractional CO2 laser or FMR. Four sessions, 6–8 weeks apart were performed. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used for clinical evaluation, H & E and orcein‐stained samples were examined for histopathological assessment, and tissue transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) levels were measured for biochemical evaluation.ResultsBoth fractional CO2 and FMR‐treated areas showed significant improvement in all parameters 1 month after treatment. Fractional CO2‐treated areas showed a higher degree of improvement compared with FMR in OSAS (p = 0.025), elastin grading (p = 0.004), and TGFβ1 levels (p = 0.000). Patients reported less downtime and showed less postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with FMR compared with fractional CO2, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.327, p = 0.231; respectively).ConclusionOur results demonstrate the value of FMR as an effective alternative to fractional CO2 in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, with a potentially favorable safety profile.
Layer‐by‐Layer Cellulose Nanofibrils: A New Coating Strategy for Development and Characterization of Tumor Spheroids as a Model for In Vitro Anticancer Drug Screening
Authors: Aljadi Zenib , Aval Negar Abbasi , Kumar Tharagan , Qin Taoyu , Ramachandraiah Harisha , Pettersson Torbjörn , Russom Aman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are complex structure of cellular aggregates and cell‐to‐matrix interaction that emulates the in‐vivo microenvironment. This research field has grown to develop and improve spheroid generation techniques. Here, we present a new platform for spheroid generation using Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) technology. Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) assemble on a standard 96 well plate. Various bi‐layer numbers, multiple cell seeding concentration, and two tumor cell lines (HEK 293 T, HCT 116) are utilized to generate and characterize spheroids. The number and proliferation of generated spheroids, the viability, and the response to the anti‐cancer drug are examined. The spheroids are formed and proliferated on the LbL‐CNF coated wells with no significant difference in connection to the number of LbL‐CNF bi‐layers; however, the number of formed spheroids correlates positively with the cell seeding concentration (122 ± 17) and (42 ± 8) for HCT 116 and HEK 293T respectively at 700 cells ml−1. The spheroids proliferate progressively up to (309, 663) µm of HCT 116 and HEK 293T respectively on 5 bi‐layers coated wells with maintaining viability. The (HCT 116) spheroids react to the anti‐cancer drug. We demonstrate a new (LbL‐CNF) coating strategy for spheroids generation, with high performance and efficiency to test anti‐cancer drugs.
Measurement Properties of Clinical Scales Rating the Severity of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Defazio Giovanni , Hallett Mark , Berardelli Alfredo , Perlmutter Joel S. , Berman Brian D. , Jankovic Joseph , Bäumer Tobias , Comella Cynthia , Ercoli Tommaso , Ferrazzano Gina , Fox Susan H. , Kim Han‐Joon , Moukheiber Emile Sami , Pirio Richardson Sarah , Weissbach Anne , Gigante Angelo F. , Jinnah Hyder A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral scales have been proposed to clinically evaluate the Motor Severity of Blepharospasm (BSP) but information about their measurement properties as a multicenter instrument is limited.ObjectiveTo compare the measurement properties of four clinical scales in rating the severity of BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites.MethodsThe Burke–Fahn–Marsden Scale (BFMS), the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (GDRS), the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale (BSRS) were administered to 211 patients across 10 sites who were also requested to self‐complete the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI). Measurement properties to be assessed included inter−/intra‐observer agreement, item‐to‐total correlation, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effect, convergent/discriminant validity, and adherence to the distribution of BDI.ResultsThe BFMS had unsatisfactory measurement properties, the GDRS had acceptable reliability but other properties could not be completely testable; the JRS had satisfactory measurement properties but the scale did not accurately reflect the distribution of disability parameter (BDI) in the sample, and the BSRS had satisfactory measurement properties and also showed the best adherence to the distribution of BDI in the assessed sample.ConclusionThe comparison of the measurement properties of four rating scales to assess the motor state of the BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites showed that the GDRS should be used to simultaneously assess BSP and dystonia in other body parts, while the JRS (easier to use) and BSRS (better to discriminate severity) should be used to assess BSP alone.
Wavelength modulation‐based active laser heterodyne spectroscopy for standoff gas detection
Authors: Li Jinyi , Wang Zebin , Yu Ziwei , Li Lianhui , Yang Xue , He Lingui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe wavelength modulation‐active laser heterodyne spectroscopy (WM‐ALHS), which introduces wavelength modulation technique into active laser heterodyne spectroscopy, is reported to enhance the gas standoff detection capability of weak return optical power. The ALHS gas standoff detection system is developed using a 1.65 μm butterfly packaged distributed feedback laser with tail fiber and an all‐fiber structure, which successfully detects methane concentrations at a distance of 35 cm using an aluminum plate as the reflective surface. Allan variance analysis shows that the system has good stability, and the detection limit at 29.2 s integration time is 0.84 ppm m. Standoff detection experiments with direct absorption‐active laser heterodyne spectroscopy (DA‐ALHS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) are carried out on the basis of the WM‐ALHS system and the detection limits of 4.49 and 1.64 ppm m were achieved within integration times of 18.6 and 29 s for DA‐ALHS and WMS, respectively. The superiority of the WM‐ALHS method compared to these two spectral detection methods is demonstrated. Furthermore, the feasibility of applying WM‐ALHS to gas standoff detection has been verified, laying the foundation for the development of this spectroscopic technology.
CH4/C2H6 dual‐gas detection system based on off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Zheng Kaiyuan , Xi Zhenhai , Yu Ling , Song Fang , Wang Qing , Zheng Chuantao , Wang Yiding 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA near‐infrared methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) dual‐gas sensor system based on off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy was demonstrated. Simultaneous detection of CH4 and C2H6 was performed using two distributed feedback laser diodes with central wavelengths of 1654 and 1680 nm by time division multiplexing (TDM). TDM of the two lasers was realized using a self‐developed master controller based on digital signal processor. Allan deviations of 27.3 parts‐per‐billion in volume (ppbv) for CH4 and 196.4 ppbv for C2H6 were achieved at an averaging time of 1 s. The reported sensor shows potential applications in vehicle‐deployed natural gas leakage monitoring.
Estimation of undistorted images in brain echo‐planar images with distortions using the conjugate gradient method with anatomical regularization
Authors: Kumazawa Seiji , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeAlthough echo‐planar imaging (EPI) is widely used for diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, EPI images suffer from susceptibility‐induced geometric distortions. We herein propose a new estimation method for undistorted EPI images using anatomical T1‐weighted images (T1WIs) based on the physics of MR imaging.MethodsOur proposed method estimates the undistorted EPI image in the image domain while estimating the magnetic field inhomogeneity map using the conjugate gradient method with anatomical regularization. Our method synthesizes the distorted image to match the measured EPI image containing geometric distortions by alternately updating the undistorted EPI image and the magnetic field inhomogeneity map. We evaluated our proposed method and compared it with a nonrigid registration‐based distortion correction method using simulated data and using real data. In the evaluation of the estimation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity map, we used the normalized root‐mean‐squared error (NRMSE) between the estimated results and the ground truth. In the evaluation of the estimation of undistorted images, we used mutual information (MI) between the undistorted EPI image and the anatomical T1WI.ResultsUsing the simulated data, the means and standard deviations of the NRMSE values in the nonrigid registration‐based method and proposed method were 1.29 ± 0.63 and 0.64 ± 0.30, respectively. The MI values in the proposed method were larger than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method in all evaluated slices. For the real data, the proposed method improved the distortion, and the MI values in the proposed method were larger than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method. In the estimation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity map, the NRMSE values in our method were smaller than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that our proposed method can estimate the regions with compressed distortions that are not well represented by the nonrigid registration‐based methods. The results suggest that the proposed method could be useful in analyses combining EPI images with T1WIs.
Upgrading SANISAND model to address continuous stress principal axis rotation: A conservative approach
Authors: Shahrokhi Sasan , Barani Omid Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe SANISAND models are known for their ability to simulate sands behavior with various properties under a wide range of loadings. Nevertheless, there is much room for improvement in simulating stress principal axis (PA) rotation effects. This study tried to address the continuous stress PA rotation problem following a conservative approach in preserving the SANISAND basic formulation. The inelastic response of the material under the stress rotation is regulated by a plastic intensity index as a function of the stress rotation rate with respect to the deviatoric fabric tensor and the non‐coaxiality between the stress and the plastic strain rate. The model performance is verified compared to the experimental data as well as other constitutive models. Supplementary discussions are provided to shed light on how fabric evolution results in a lower degree of anisotropy under continuous stress PA rotation. Based on continuum bounding surface plasticity, the proposed model addresses the fabric anisotropy effects on the severity of plasticity under continuous stress PA rotation.
Genetic alterations during the neoplastic cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Kamp Eline JCA , Dinjens Winand NM , Doukas Michail , van Marion Ronald , Verheij Joanne , Ponsioen Cyriel Y , Bruno Marco J , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Trivedi Palak J , Peppelenbosch Maikel P , de Vries Annemarie C 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarcinogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)‐associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is largely unexplored. Improved understanding of the molecular events involved may guide development of novel avenues for rational clinical management. We aimed to assess the genetic alterations during progression of the neoplastic cascade from biliary dysplasia towards CCA in PSC. Forty‐four resection specimens or biopsies of PSC patients with biliary dysplasia (n = 2) and/or CCA (n = 42) were included. DNA was extracted from sections of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks with dysplasia (n = 23), CCA (n = 69), and nonneoplastic tissue (n = 28). A custom‐made next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 28 genes was used for mutation and copy number variation (CNV) detection. In addition, CNVs ofCDKN2A,EGFR,MCL1, andMYCwere examined by fluorescencein situhybridization. Alterations in 16 low‐grade dysplasia samples included loss ofFGFR1(19%),CDKN2A(13%), andSMAD4(6%), amplification ofFGFR3(6%),EGFR(6%), andERBB2(6%), and mutations inSMAD4(13%). High‐grade dysplasia (n = 7) is characterized byMYCamplification (43%), and mutations inERBB2(71%) andTP53(86%).TP53mutations are the most common aberrations in PSC‐CCA (30%), whereas mutations inKRAS(16%),GNAS(14%), andPIK3CA(9%) are also common. In conclusion, PSC‐CCA exhibits a variety of genetic alterations during progression of the neoplastic cascade, with mainly CNVs being present early, whereas mutations inERBB2,TP53, andKRASappear later in the development of CCA. These findings are promising for the development of NGS‐guided diagnostic strategies in PSC‐CCA. © 2022 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.