bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of gut microbiome variation within and between groups of a wild Malagasy primate
Authors: Rudolph Katja , Schneider Dominik , Fichtel Claudia , Daniel Rolf , Heistermann Michael , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious aspects of sociality can benefit individuals’ health. The host social environment and its relative contributions to the host-microbiome relationship have emerged as key topics in microbial research. Yet, understanding the mechanisms that lead to structural variation in the social microbiome, the collective microbial metacommunity of an animal’s social network, remains difficult since multiple processes operate simultaneously within and among animal social networks. Here, we examined the potential drivers of the convergence of the gut microbiome on multiple scales among and within seven neighbouring groups of wild Verreaux’s sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) — a folivorous primate of Madagascar.ResultsOver four field seasons, we collected 519 faecal samples of 41 animals and determined gut communities via 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. First, we examined whether group members share more similar gut microbiota and if diet, home range overlap, or habitat similarity drive between-group variation in gut communities, accounting for seasonality. Next, we examined within-group variation in gut microbiota by examining the potential effects of social contact rates, male rank, and maternal relatedness. To explore the host intrinsic effects on the gut community structure, we investigated age, sex, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, and female reproductive state. We found that group members share more similar gut microbiota and differ in alpha diversity, while none of the environmental predictors explained the patterns of between-group variation. Maternal relatedness played an important role in within-group microbial homogeneity and may also explain why adult group members shared the least similar gut microbiota. Also, dominant males differed in their bacterial composition from their group mates, which might be driven by rank-related differences in physiology and scent-marking behaviours. Links to sex, female reproductive state, or faecal glucocorticoid metabolites were not detected.ConclusionsEnvironmental factors define the general set-up of population-specific gut microbiota, but intrinsic and social factors have a stronger impact on gut microbiome variation in this primate species.
Concurrent effects of Martian topography on the thermosphere and ionosphere at high northern latitudes
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui , Zhang Ruilong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMartian topography modulated non-migrating tides play important roles in the upper atmosphere and thus in the ionosphere through their coupling, especially in their longitude variations. In this study, the neutral scale height (Hn) and ionospheric peak electron density (NmM2) and height (hmM2) retrieved from the MGS radio occultation measurements were used to investigate the coupling between the Martian thermosphere and ionosphere under the forcing of topography modulated tides by investigating their concurrent longitude variations. A segment of the measurements with fixed local time was selected to analyze the relationships between the longitude variations of the parameters in detail. Longitude variations of the thermosphere and ionosphere are significant though topographic fluctuations are not very prominent at high northern latitudes. Longitude fluctuations of Hn and NmM2 are nearly in anti-phase and percentage fluctuation amplitudes of Hn are nearly twice as large as those of NmM2, which indicate the non-migrating tide forced coupling between the ionosphere and thermosphere conforms to the Chapman theory, and suggests longitude variation of NmM2 can be used as a quantitative indicator for that of the thermal structure in the lower thermosphere. Longitude variation phases of Hn and hmM2 are also discrepant. That is due to tide vertical propagation since Hn and hmM2 depend on the atmospheric thermal structures at different height levels. The thermosphere and ionosphere show longitude variations due to the topography; however, they are dominated by inconsistent longitude components. This implies discrepant exciting and propagating efficiencies of various topography modulated tides.
Graphical Abstract
Mathematical modelling of mantle convection at a high Rayleigh number with variable viscosity and viscous dissipation
Authors: Islam Sumaiya B. , Shefa Suraiya A. , Khaleque Tania S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the classical Rayleigh–Bénard convection model is considered and solved numerically for extremely large viscosity variations (i.e., up to $$10^{30}$$

10
30

) across the mantle at a high Rayleigh number. The Arrhenius form of viscosity is defined as a cut-off viscosity function. The effects of viscosity variation and viscous dissipation on convection with temperature-dependent viscosity and also temperature- and pressure-dependent viscosity are shown through the figures of temperature profiles and streamline contours. The values of Nusselt number and root mean square velocity indicate that the convection becomes significantly weak as viscosity variation and viscous dissipation are increased at a fixed pressure dependence parameter.
Crack and pull-off dynamics of adhesive, viscoelastic solids
Authors: Müser Martin H. , Persson Bo N. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
When quickly detaching an elastomer from a counterface, viscoelasticity dramatically increases the perceived adhesion relative to its adiabatic or equilibrium value. Here, we report simulations on the sticking contact between a rigid cylinder and a viscoelastic half space revealing a maximum in the work of separation at intermediate pull-off velocities. Maximum tensile forces yet increase monotonically with the pull-off speed and the crack tip speed in accordance with the Persson-Brener approach. As predicted theoretically, the fracture mode transitions from interfacial crack propagation to quasi-uniform bond breaking with increasing range of adhesion.
Flavorful vector-like leptons and the lepton-flavor-violating decays Z → lilj
Authors: Li Dong Wan , Yue Chong Xing , Wang Yue Qi , Sun Xiao Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The singlet and doublet VLS models are one kind of interesting new physics scenarios, which predict the existence of the SU(2)
L
singlet and doublet vector-like leptons (VLLs), respectively. Taking into account the constraints on these VLS models, we investigate their contributions to the LFV decays

. Our numerical results show that, for the singlet VLS model, the values of the branching ratios

and

can be larger than

in a wide range of the parameter space, which might be detected by CEPC/FCC-ee in the near future.
Gamma distribution model of diffusion MRI for evaluating the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status of glioblastomas
Authors: Takase Hanae , Togao Osamu , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Hata Nobuhiro , Hatae Ryusuke , Chikui Toru , Tokumori Kenji , Kami Yukiko , Kuga Daisuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Hiwatashi Akio , Ishigami Kousei 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine whether the γ distribution (GD) model of diffusion MRI is useful in the evaluation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of glioblastomas. Methods: 12 patients with IDH-mutant glioblastomas and 54 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas were imaged with diffusion-weighted imaging using 13 b-values from 0 to 1000 s/mm2. The shape parameter (κ) and scale parameter (θ) were obtained with the GD model. Fractions of three different areas under the probability density function curve (f1, f2, f3) were defined as follows: f1, diffusion coefficient (D) < 1.0×10−3 mm2/s; f2, D > 1.0×10−3 and <3.0×10−3 mm2/s; f3, D > 3.0 × 10−3 mm2/s. The GD model-derived parameters measured in gadolinium-enhancing lesions were compared between the IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype groups. Receiver operating curve analyses were performed to assess the parameters' diagnostic performances. Results: The IDH-mutant group’s f1 (0.474  ±  0.143) was significantly larger than the IDH-wildtype group’s (0.347  ±  0.122, p = 0.0024). The IDH-mutant group’s f2 (0.417  ±  0.131) was significantly smaller than the IDH-wildtype group’s (0.504  ±  0.126, p = 0.036). The IDH-mutant group’s f3 (0.109  ±  0.060) was significantly smaller than the IDH-wildtype group’s (0.149  ±  0.063, p = 0.0466). The f1 showed the best diagnostic performance among the GD model-derived parameters with the area under the curve value of 0.753. Conclusion: The GD model could well describe the pathological features of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, and was useful in the differentiation of these tumors. Advances in knowledge: Diffusion MRI based on the γ distribution model could well describe the pathological features of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, and its use enabled the significant differentiation of these tumors. The γ distribution model may contribute to the non-invasive identification of the IDH mutation status based on histological viewpoint.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features predict the prognosis of percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Liang Ping , Yu Jie , Yao Jun-dong , Fan Fang-ying , Yu Xiaoling , Cheng Zhi-gang , Han Zhi-yu , Liu Fang-yi , Dou Jian-ping 
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate the prognostic effect of pre-operative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA). Methods: A total of ICC 29 patients (average age 56.34 ± 9.78 years old, 33~75 years old) underwent MWA from March 2012 to December 2020, with a total of 58 lesions (0.5–8.1 cm, mean diameter, 2.68 ± 1.59 cm), and their pre-operative CEUS images and clinical data were collected and reviewed. Survival rate, local progression rate, intra- and extrahepatic metastasis rate were evaluated. Uni- and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival of ICC patients with pre-operative CEUS features. Results: The median follow-up time after MWA was 18.43 months (4.17–93.13 months). 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 64.4%, 48.1% and 48.1%; 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month local progress and extrahepatic metastasis rates were 0.0%, 4.0%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7% and 3.4%, 21.5%, 32.7%, 45.6%, 55.2%, 55.2% and 77.6%, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analysis showed that post-operative extrahepatic metastasis was an important factor for long-term survival of ICC patients after MWA (p = 0.006, 0.01), and Rim-enhancement feature of pre-operative CEUS was identified as an independent predictor of post-operative extrahepatic metastasis and long-term survival (p = 0.02, 0.02). Conclusion Rim-enhancement feature of pre-operative CEUS is a predictor high post-operative extrahepatic metastasis and poor prognosis through distant microvascular metastasis after MWA of ICC patients. Advances in knowledge: This study determined the important CEUS features of ICC and analyzed their impact on the prognosis of ICC patients after MWA, providing scientific guidance for better clinical treatment in the future.
Impact of freeze-thaw cytoablation on aqueous outflow patterns in ex vivo anterior chamber perfusion cultures and whole eyes
Authors: Verma-Fuehring Raoul , Dakroub Mohamad , Strzalkowska Alicja , Strzalkowski Piotr , Han Hong , Hillenkamp Jost , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Porcine eyes have been widely used as ex vivo models in glaucoma research, as they share similar features with human eyes. Freeze-thawing is a non-invasive technique that has been used to obliterate living cells in anterior segment ex vivo cultures, to prepare them for further research such as cellular repopulation. This technique has previously been shown to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) in porcine eyes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether freeze-thaw cytoablation causes corresponding canalogram outflow changes in perfused anterior segment cultures (AFT) and whole porcine eyes (WFT). We hypothesized that the known IOP drop in AFT after trabecular meshwork ablation by freeze-thaw would be accompanied by a similarly large change in the distal outflow pattern. Methods: Two-dye (fluorescein and Texas red) reperfusion canalograms were used to compare the outflow time before and after two -80°C cycles of freeze-thaw. We assigned 28 freshly enucleated porcine eyes to four groups: perfused anterior segment dye controls (ACO, n = 6), perfused whole eye dye controls (WCO, n = 6), freeze-thaw treated anterior segment cultures (AFT, n = 10), and freeze-thaw treated whole eyes (WFT, n = 6). Results: In control groups ACO and WCO, the two different dyes had similar filling times. In AFT, the outflow pattern and filling times were unchanged. In WFT, the temporal superior quadrant filled more slowly (p = 0.042) while all others remained unchanged. The qualitative appearance of distal outflow spaces was altered only in some eyes. Conclusions: Freeze-thaw cytoablation caused neither loss nor leakage of distal outflow structures. Surprisingly, the loss of an intact trabecular meshwork over the entire circumference did not result in a general acceleration of quadrant outflow times. The results validate freeze-thawing as a method to generate an extracellular matrix without major structural changes.
Case Report: Recurrent retinal vein occlusion as the first clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a male patient
Authors: Ben Brahim Marwa , Arfa Sondes , Boubaker Fadia , Chelly Jihen , Ammari Wafa , Hammami Sonia , Arbi Fatma , Berriche Olfa 
Published: February 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread clinical manifestations and immunological disorders. A myriad of ocular manifestations can be seen in patients with SLE. The most vision-threatening complication is vaso-occlusive retinopathy including retinal vein occlusion (RVO). RVO associated with SLE is well described in the literature and its association with antiphospholipid antibodies is recognized. However, RVO as the initial manifestation of SLE is scarcely reported. Herein, we report the first case of recurrent RVO as the revealing manifestation of SLE in a 40-year-old male patient. He had two consecutive episodes of decreased vision. Ophthalmologic examination disclosed a branch retinal vein occlusion the first time and a central retinal vein occlusion the second time. The diagnosis of SLE was established based on clinical and immunological criteria. He was prescribed antiplatelet therapy, hydroxychloroquine at 5.5 mg/kg/day, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies regimen. He slowly improved under treatment.
Factors related to depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in two coastal regions of Peru: An analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Quispe Sáenz Elena de Jesús , Salvador-Carrillo José Fernando , Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Bonilla-Asalde César Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Background: Mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and their aggravation have been studied extensively in the general population. However, there are few studies on depression in older adults and the few existing results may be contradictory, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with depression in older adults in two coastal regions of Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study uses an analytical cross-sectional design in a population of older adults, who participated in a non-governmental ambulatory social support program in Callao and Ica, two coastal regions of Peru. We administered an on-site structured questionnaire to record sociodemographic data, the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage to measure depression, and the Barthel Index to assess physical function. In order to determine cognitive impairment as an exclusion criterion, the MEC-30 was used. The association between variables was assessed through contingency tables, using the odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) and the X2 test. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Out of the 244 older adults surveyed, 39% had depressive symptoms, of which 28.3% (n=69) and 10.7% (n=26) were moderately and severely depressive, respectively. The findings significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms were being 76 years old or older [p=0.005, OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.29-4.20], not participating in weekly recreational activities [p=0.004, OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31-3.99] and the presence of comorbidities [p=0.026, OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07-3.29]. Conclusion: There are few studies exploring depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic; this research shows the importance of mental health care in this population and, particularly, of those who are 76 or older because they suffer from comorbid conditions and have interrupted recreational activities.
Assessment of serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone levels in female patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Nguyen Phu Cuong , Nguyen Hoang Van , Vu Van Tien , Pham Van Tran , Tran Dang Quyet , Nguyen Thanh Tung 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with differential pathogenesis. To elucidate the roles of hormones in acne pathogenesis, we conducted a study to evaluate the serum testosterone, estradiol, progesterone levels in women with acne vulgaris. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study, and 175 women with acne vulgaris were examined; their serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone were analyzed by chemiluminescence technique and compared with the healthy control group. Results: Increased serum hormone levels in women with acne vulgaris were accounted for 29.7%, and hyperandrogenism was accounted for 16.0% of cases. We found significant differences in testosterone levels (mean value, 55.67±25.56 versus 38.37±10.16 ng/dL, p<0.05) respectively in the acne group and the control group. However, the estradiol level of the acne group (323.15±93.31 pmol/L) was lower than the control group (370.94±58.88 pmol/L) with p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found for progesterone (0.60±0.38 versus 0.50±0.15 ng/mL, p>0.05) levels. Moreover, we did not find the relationship between serum hormone levels and the severity of acne vulgaris. Conclusion: This study showed that the female acne vulgaris patients may have high serum testosterone levels and low serum estradiol levels compared with those of female controls. However, hormone alterations had no correlation with the acne grades.
Nacionalismo e confederalismo democrático no Curdistão: a disputa pelo movimento curdo através do caso do distrito de Shingal | Nationalism and democratic confederalism in Kurdistan: The dispute for the kurdish movement in the Shingal district
Authors: Campos Pedro Olavo Carregosa 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo apresenta um breve panorama da atual disputa pela liderança do movimento nacional curdo entre o KDP iraquiano e o PKK de origem turca, um histórico das organizações, suas profundas diferenças ideológicas e um apresenta como a disputa que se dá no distrito de Shingal ilustra o maior conflito interno da política curda. Palavras-chave: Curdos; Nacionalismo; confederalismo democrático. ABSTRACTThis article presents a brief overview of the current dispute for the leadership of the Kurdish national movement between the Iraqi KDP and the Turkish PKK, a history of the organizations, their deep ideological differences and one presents how the dispute that takes place in the Shingal district illustrates the the greatest internal conflict in Kurdish politics. Keywords: Kurds; Nationalism; democratic confederalism. Recebido em: 30 mai. 2021 | Aceito em: 18 out. 2021.
Upgrading the Measurement of Membrane Hydraulic Conductivity and the Osmotically Inactive Volume of Protoplasts for Evaluating the Freshness of Postharvest Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Kuroki Shinichiro , Tanaka Mai , Itoh Hiromichi , Nakano Kohei , Sotome Itaru 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsA method to simultaneously determine membrane water permeability (Lp) and nonosmotic volume (Vb) is proposed.The proposed method revealed that Vb was neither proportional nor constant to the protoplast size.Individually determined Vb improved accurate estimation of Lp.During storage, Lp increased and Vb decreased in spinach leaves, which may well indicate produce freshness.Abstract. Membrane water permeability is of great importance to better understand the mechanism of water loss; however, its correct understanding and measurement is still an issue. We proposed and tested the efficacy of a numerical analytic approach for the simultaneous determination of the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) and relative osmotically inactive volume (b) of protoplasts isolated from spinach mesophyll tissue. The new approach revealed that the osmotically inactive volume was neither proportional nor constant to the protoplast size and differed for each protoplast. Usage of individually determined b for the computation provided the best fitting performance for determining the Lp, whereas collective b decreased the accuracy of regression and resulted in the underestimation of Lp. Our approach also has the advantage of a shorter period of hyperosmotic challenge, and as such, is suitable for observing fragile protoplasts. We found a gradual reduction in b and a linear increase in Lp during four days of storage at 20°C, likely due to degradation of internal components and dysfunction of the cell membrane, respectively. We also discuss the potential need to consider tissue specificity and possible damage by protoplast isolation to conduct shelf-life research of leafy vegetables. Keywords: Mesophyll protoplast, Nonosmotic volume, Numerical determination, Spinacia oleracea, Water loss, Water permeability.
Ação isolados de Trichoderma spp. provenientes da coleção de culturas de microrganismos da Bahia (CCMB) no controle de doenças do tomateiro
Authors: Soares Balbinote Luis Henrique 
Published: February 2022

A cultura do tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) no Brasil é uma atividade de grandeimportância para o setor agrícola. A maior parte dessa produção é destinada ao consumo in natura, utilizado comumente na culinária para a alimentação humana.