bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with breast cancer in central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Belay Winini , Labisso Wajana Lako , Tigeneh Wondemagegnehu , Kaba Mirgissa , Haileselassie Werissaw 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPatients with breast cancer are assumed to be susceptible to anxiety and depression, while there is a lack of evidence about the epidemiology and underlying factors in Ethiopia. Hence, we aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among patients with breast cancer in Ethiopia.MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with breast cancer who were attending treatment at the Oncology Center of the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, the largest referral teaching hospital in Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HDAS) was used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of the participants, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from the participants. Medical records of the participants were reviewed to collect and correlate information about the grade and stage of cancer. An analysis was done using STATA 15.1.ResultsThe study included 333 randomly selected participants, of which 35.4% were on stage III and 33% on stage II, and 67.9% were on chemotherapy and surgery. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 60.7 and 58.6%, respectively. Poor patient-provider interaction (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.49, 8.12) and having no financial support (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.63, 4.91) were the significant predictors of anxiety. Age &gt;49 years (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.90), poor patient-provider interactions (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.87, 6.02), and having no financial support (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.95, 5.79) were the significant predictors of depression.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was high among patients with breast cancer, and the lack of financial support and poor patient-provider interactions were significant predictors of anxiety and depression among these groups of patients. Patients with cancer need regular screening for mental health and better emotional support from their healthcare providers and families to prevent and treat anxiety and depression.
Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation
Authors: Du Xiahua , Wu Rina , Kang Lili , Zhao Longlong , Li Changle 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking and depression is a major public health concern during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. However, no studies have dealt with missing values when assessing depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on depressive symptoms using a multiple imputation technique.MethodsThis research was a longitudinal study using data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted between 2011 and 2018, and the final sample consisted of 74,381 observations across all four waves of data collection. The present study employed a multiple imputation technique to deal with missing values, and a fixed effects logistic regression model was used for the analysis.ResultsThe results of fixed effects logistic regression showed that heavy smokers had 20% higher odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Compared to those who never smoked, for short-term and moderate-term quitters, the odds of suffering from depressive symptoms increased by 30% and 22%, respectively. The magnitudes of the odds ratios for of the variables short-term quitters, moderate-term quitters, and long-term quitters decreased in absolute terms with increasing time-gaps since quitting. The sub-group analysis for men and women found that heavy male smokers, short-term and moderate-term male quitters had higher odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. However, associations between smoking status and depressive symptoms were not significant for women.ConclusionsThe empirical findings suggested that among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, heavy smokers and short-term and moderate-term quitters have increased odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Moreover, former smokers reported that the probability of having depressive symptoms decreased with a longer duration since quitting. Nevertheless, the association between depressive symptoms and smoking among Chinese middle-aged and older adults is not straightforward and may vary according to gender. These results may have important implications that support the government in allocating more resources to smoking cessation programs to help middle-aged and older smokers, particularly in men.
Ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptor in relation to metabolic obesity phenotypes: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Ren Ziyang , Cao Xingqi , Li Chenxi , Zhang Jingyun , Li Xueqin , Song Peige , Zhu Yimin , Liu Zuyun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the relationship between iron markers and metabolic obesity phenotypes and the role of age.MethodsData were from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. Metabolic obesity phenotypes included metabolically healthy with normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy with normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy with overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy with overweight/obesity (MUO). Iron markers including ferritin, transferrin, and soluble transferrin receptor were calculated as Log and quartered. The linear regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to explore the association of iron markers with age and metabolic obesity phenotypes, respectively.ResultsFerritin was linearly related with age, with β (95% confidence interval, CI) of 0.029 (0.027 to 0.032) and -0.005 (-0.007 to -0.002) for women and men. Transferrin was negatively associated with age in both men and women (β &lt; -0.011). Furthermore, compared with participants in the quartile 1 ferritin group, those in the quartile 4 had increased odds of MUNW, MHO, and MUO, with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) of 3.06 (2.20 to 4.25), 1.66 (1.35 to 2.05), and 5.27 (4.17 to 6.66). Transferrin showed similar relationships with MUNW, MUO, and MHO; whereas transferrin receptor showed no significance. We also found joint associations of ferritin and transferrin with MUNW, MUO, and MHO. The interactive effect of ferritin and transferrin on MUO was significant (P = 0.015).ConclusionIncreased ferritin and transferrin were associated with MUNW, MHO, and MUO. Age should be considered when investigating iron.
Perceived epilepsy-related stigma is linked to the socioeconomic status of the residence
Authors: Hohmann Louisa , Berger Justus , Kastell Shirley-Uloma , Holtkamp Martin 
Published: August 2022

PurposeEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with high costs for the healthcare systems and great suffering for patients. Beyond seizures, psychosocial comorbidities can have detrimental effects on the well-being of people with epilepsy. One source of social stress and reduced quality of life is epilepsy-related stigma that often occurs, e.g., due to public misconceptions or myths. Stigma has individual biological, psychological and social correlates. Moreover, environmental factors like living in remote areas are associated with stigma. However, little is known about the link between the social structure of the residence and stigma in epilepsy. Thus, we investigated the association between the structural socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived stigma in an urban epilepsy population.MethodsThis prospective, cross-sectional study examined 226 adult in-patients with epilepsy from Berlin. Multiple regression analyses were performed to check the relationship between structural SES and stigma controlling for individual-level demographic, clinical, psychological and social factors. Continuous social indices (SI) of the districts and neighborhoods (“SI district” and “SI neighborhood”) of Berlin were used to measure different levels of structural SES. Non-linear relationships are tested by grouping the SI in quartiles.ResultsBoth indicators of structural SES were independently linked to stigma (p = 0.002). For “SI district”, we identified a non-linear relationship with patients from the most deprived quartile feeling less stigmatized compared to those in the second (p &lt; 0.001) or least deprived quartile (p = 0.009). Furthermore, more restrictions of daily life (p &lt; 0.001), unfavorable income (p = 0.009) and seizure freedom in the past 6 months (p = 0.05) were related to increased stigma. A lower “SI neighborhood” was associated with higher stigma (p = 0.002).ConclusionStrategies to reduce epilepsy-related stigma need to consider the sociostructural living environment on different regional levels. Unfavorable relations with the immediate living environment may be directly targeted in patient-centered interventions. Non-linear associations with the structural SES of broader regional levels should be considered in public education programs. Further research is needed to examine possible underlying mechanisms and gain insight into the generalizability of our findings to other populations.
Gender disparity and temporal trend of liver cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and predictions in a 25-year period
Authors: Yue Tingting , Xu Ming , Cai Ting , Zhu Haizhen , Pourkarim Mahmoud Reza , De Clercq Erik , Li Guangdi 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to reveal epidemiological features and trends of liver cancer (LC) in China.MethodsWe retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the temporal trend of LC. Future trends of LC were estimated using the Nordpred.ResultsThe incidence, mortality, and disability-standardized life year (DALY) rate of LC declined in China from 1990 to 2019. Among &gt;210,000 LC cases in 2019, the LC incidences were nearly 3.15 times higher in males than in females. LC cases and LC-associated deaths were mostly found among patients aged 65 to 69 years. The proportion of LC attributable to hepatitis B decreased over time, whereas the proportions of LC attributable to hepatitis C, alcohol use, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increased modestly from 1990 to 2019. The majority of LC-associated deaths could be traced to four risk factors: smoking (20%), drug use (13.6%), alcohol use (11.7%), and high body mass index (10.1%). Based on the Nordpred prediction, there will be a steady decline in the incidence (39.0%) and mortality (38.3%) of liver cancer over a 25-year period from 2020 to 2044.ConclusionThe disease burden of liver cancer in China has declined over the past 30 years. However, it remains important to control liver cancer among high-risk populations, especially elderly males with obesity, alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or drug abuse.
A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles describing SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Feng Meijing , He Yongmei , Liu Fangming , Ma Rui 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with mutations in the spike protein has risen concerns about the efficacy of infection- or vaccine-induced antibodies and has posed a serious threat to global public health, education, travel and economy. Few studies have described the detailed characterizations of highly cited articles on SARS-CoV-2 variants.ObjectiveTo identify and characterize the 100 most-cited articles in SARS-CoV-2 variants research.Design and methodsArticles published recently were extracted from the web of science core collection database using a query based on MeSH terms and topics of SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles were analyzed via the following parameters: publication number over year, number of citations, type of articles, authors, journal, journal impact factor, country, and topics covered in articles. In addition, clinical trials in these articles were also analyzed.ResultsThe majority of articles (66%) were published in 2021. Number of citations of the 100 most cited articles ranged from 1720 to 75 (median: 178.5). Mutations in the S protein such as D614G mutation and the B.1.1.7 (UK) and B.1.351 (South Africa) were the dominant variants in the 100 most cited articles. The United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa had the strongest collaboration in the contribution of publication. Science, Cell, Nature and New England Journal of Medicine were mostly cited and the main direction in these top journals were vaccine neutralizing tests and efficacy evaluation studies. Response of antibody neutralization tests against variants was always weakened due to the presence of variants but the results of clinical trials were encouraging. Genomics information, spike protein structure confirmation and neutralization studies evaluating antibody resistance were highly represented in the 100 most cited articles in SARS-CoV-2 variants literature.Conclusions and relevanceAltogether, genomic information, epidemiology, immune neutralization, and vaccine efficacy studies of COVID-19 variants are the main research orientations in these articles and relevant results have been published in influential journals. Given the continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 and the constant development in our understanding of the impact of variants, current working strategies and measures may be periodically adjusted.
Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia
Authors: Lim Yin Cheng , Abdul Shakor Ameerah Su'ad , Mohamad Nadia , Pahrol Muhammad Alfatih , Ismail Rohaida , Chong Zhuo Lin , Abdul Mutalip Mohd Hatta , Omar Mohd Azahadi , Danaee Mahmoud , Wan Guo Tung , Shaharudin Rafiza 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundExisting anthropometric studies for respirator designs are based on the head and facial dimensions of Americans and Chinese nationals, with no studies for multi-ethnic countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to create head and facial morphological database for Malaysia, specifically to identify morphological differences between genders, ethnicities, and birthplaces, as well as predictors of the dimensions.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMalaysia.ParticipantsA nation-wide cross-sectional study using a complex survey design with two stage-stratified random sampling was conducted among 3,324 participants, aged 18 years and above who were also participants of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020.Primary and secondary outcomesThe study collected data on sociodemographic, measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and 10 head and facial dimensions (3 dimensions were measured using direct measurement, and 7 others using Digimizer software for 2-dimension images). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between gender, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI and the dimensions.ResultsThere were significant differences in all the dimensions between sex, birthplace and ethnicity (p &lt; 0.005). Further analysis using linear regression showed sex, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI were significant predictors of the dimensions. In comparison to studies from the United States and China, our study population had a wider interpupillary distance and nose breadth for both male and female participants, but smaller bigonial breadth and smaller minimal frontal breadth.ConclusionThese findings could assist in the design and sizing of respirators that will fit Malaysians and possibly other Southeast Asian population.
The prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index in surgical esophageal cancer patients: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoqu , Zhang Shuhao , Lu Juan , Li Chao , Li Naibin 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo identify the prognostic role of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in esophageal cancer patients receiving operation.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang and CNKI electronic databases were searched up to February 17, 2022 for relevant studies. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to assess the association between SII and prognosis in surgical esophageal cancer patients. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). All statistical analyses were conducted by STATA 15.0 software.ResultsA total of nine retrospective studies involving 3,565 participates were included. The pooled results indicated that high SII was significantly related with poor OS (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.02, P &lt; 0.001). However, subgroup analysis based on pathological type demonstrated that high SII was an independent predictor for poor OS only in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34–2.21, P &lt; 0.001). Besides, SII was also significantly associated with poor PFS (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.61–2.35, P &lt; 0.001) and CSS (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04–1.99, P = 0.027) in ESCC patients.ConclusionThe SII could serve as an independent prognostic factor in surgical ESCC patients and higher SII was related with worse survival. However, more prospective high-quality studies are still needed to verify above findings.
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal resection of the duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1; Case Report and literature review
Authors: Abdullah Al-Danakh , Mohammed Safi , Alradhi Mohammed , Zhu Xinqing , Yang Deyong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1, also known as NF1, is a disorder that is passed down in an autosomal dominant manner. It manifests in a wide variety of tumors and affects several organ systems. It is expected that those carrying the NF1 gene will develop a rare mesenchymal tumor known as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) more than general population.Case reportThis research discusses a 42-year-old female patient with NF1 who was identified with a duodenal GIST but clinically and radiographically misinterpreted as having a retroperitoneal neurofibroma. She had minimally invasive retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery to remove the tumor and primary anastomosis of the affected duodenal wall. A spindle cell GIST was entirely excised during surgery, as indicated by the pathologist. As a consequence of dialogue at a multidisciplinary team meeting, the patient was discharged from the hospital on the fourth postoperative day and is presently undergoing regular clinical follow-up.ConclusionAnatomically problematic sites, such as the duodenal GIST in NF1 patients, can be treated safely with the laparoscopic retroperitoneal approach even when retroperitoneal neoplasia arises from the intrabdominal structure and protrudes into the retroperitoneal region.
Analysis of the efficacy and related factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for AIDS with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Chai Zhaohui , Shou Yikai , Mungur Rajneesh , Gong Jiangbiao , Zheng Peidong , Zheng Jiesheng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen, which is more common in patients with AIDS. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important complication of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and affects the therapeutic effect of CM.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and treatment for the management of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of AIDS complicated with CM and to analyze the factors associated with VPS and the indices affecting the outcome of CM patients.MethodsA retrospective case study was conducted on patients with CM treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2011 to 2019. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and the Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables. Multivariable analysis of baseline factors related to VPS placement was performed with stepwise logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the outcome of these patients were studied by Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to assess the outcome of patients.ResultsThere were 96 patients with AIDS complicated with CM. VPS had a great effect on the patients, especially those with ICP &gt; 350 mmH2O. The outcome, including the mortality rate and modified Rankin scale (MRS) score of these patients, significantly improved after the placement of VPS. The karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores of patients whose ICP &gt; 350 mmH2O improved from 39.3 ± 21.3 at baseline to 88.7 ± 26.9 at 3 months after VPS, better than those without VPS. Multivariable analysis showed that visual impairment (OR, 0.026; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.567; P = 0.021) and ICP &gt; 350 mmH2O (OR, 0.026; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.293; P = 0.003) were related elements with the placement of shunt, and KPS score (HR, 0.968; 95% CI, 0.943, 0.993; P = 0.013) and ICP &gt; 350 mmH2O (HR, 2.801; 95% CI, 1.035, 7.580; P = 0.043) were indices of the outcome of AIDS patients with CM. For patients with ICP &gt; 350 mmHg, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the 3-year outcome of patients with VPS was better than that of patients without VPS (P = 0.0067).ConclusionVPS was associated with better 3-year survival rates, and postshunt placement complications like infections were rare. The identification of factors related to VPS in the initial diagnosis of CM can contribute to more active management and improve the outcome.
In Primary Aldosteronism Acute Potassium Chloride Supplementation Suppresses Abundance and Phosphorylation of the Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter
Authors: Wu Aihua , Wolley Martin J. , Matthews Alexandra , Cowley Diane , Welling Paul A. , Fenton Robert A. , Stowasser Michael 
Published: August 2022

Key Points

Potassium chloride intake induced a reduction in sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) and phosphorylated NCC in urinary extracellular vesicles from patients with primary aldosteronism during a significantly raised level of endogenous aldosterone.Low plasma potassium (secondary to aldosterone excess) may dominate in terms of NCC regulation in the setting of primary aldosteronism.

Background
Elevated abundance of sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) and phosphorylated NCC (pNCC) are potential markers of primary aldosteronism (PA), but these effects may be driven by hypokalemia.

Methods
We measured plasma potassium in patients with PA. If potassium was <4.0 mmol/L, patients were given sufficient oral potassium chloride (KCl) over 24 hours to achieve as close to 4.0 mmol/L as possible. Clinical chemistries were assessed, and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were examined to investigate effects on NCC.

Results
Among 21 patients with PA who received a median total dose of 6.0 g (2.4–16.8 g) of KCl, increases were observed in plasma potassium (from 3.4 to 4.0 mmol/L; P<0.001), aldosterone (from 305 to 558 pmol/L; P=0.01), and renin (from 1.2 to 2.5 mIU/L; P<0.001), whereas decreases were detected in uEV levels of NCC (median fold change(post/basal) [FC]=0.71 [0.09–1.99]; P=0.02), pT60-NCC (FC=0.84 [0.06–1.66]; P=0.05), and pT55/60-NCC (FC=0.67 [0.08–2.42]; P=0.02). By contrast, in 10 patients with PA who did not receive KCl, there were no apparent changes in plasma potassium, NCC abundance, and phosphorylation status, but increases were observed in plasma aldosterone (from 178 to 418 pmol/L; P=0.006) and renin (from 2.0 to 3.0 mU/L; P=0.009). Plasma potassium correlated inversely with uEV levels of NCC (R
2=0.11; P=0.01), pT60-NCC (R
2=0.11; P=0.01), and pT55/60-NCC (R
2=0.11; P=0.01).

Conclusions
Acute oral KCl loading replenished plasma potassium in patients with PA and suppressed NCC abundance and phosphorylation, despite a significant rise in plasma aldosterone. This supports the view that potassium supplementation in humans with PA overrides the aldosterone stimulatory effect on NCC. The increased plasma aldosterone in patients with PA without KCl supplementation may be due to aldosterone response to posture challenge.