bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of extensive stage extrapulmonary small cell cancer
Authors: Gandy Geovanny , Yip Po Yee , Tognela Annette , Hayat Faisal , Fox William , Kok Peey Sei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtrapulmonary small cell cancer (EPSCC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of approximately 0.1%–0.4% of all cancers. Treatment of this disease is often based on small cell lung cancer.AimsWe aimed to investigate real‐world clinical outcomes of patients with extensive‐stage (ES) ESPCC.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ES EPSCC between 2010 and 2020 from multiple centres in New South Wales were identified. Patient, disease and treatment characteristics were collected and presented using descriptive statistics. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression hazard models were used to identify potential prognostic factors.ResultsSixty eligible ES EPSCC patients were identified, including 65% male and 35% female. The mean age was 69 years (range 37–88). Forty‐five per cent were never smokers, 42% ex‐smokers and 13% current smokers, and 17% of patients had limited‐stage disease prior to development of ES disease. The most common primary sites were genitourinary (42%; mainly prostate (n = 14) and bladder (n = 10)), gastrointestinal (28%; mainly oesophagus (n = 5) and colon (n = 4)) and unknown primary (22%). Treatments received included palliative chemotherapy (67%), palliative radiotherapy (53%), palliative surgery (13%) and best supportive care alone (13%). The median overall survival (OS) was 8.0 months. The median progression‐free survival was 5.4 months, and response rate to first‐line chemotherapy was 65%. Platinum‐based chemotherapy was prognostic of longer OS (HR 0.27, CI 0.12–0.60, P = 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with ES EPSCC had good response to palliative chemotherapy, but OS remained poor. Further research is required to improve the prognosis in this population.
Validation of an electrocardiographic marker of low voltage areas in the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Parreira Leonor , Marinheiro Rita , Carmo Pedro , Chambel Duarte , Mesquita Dinis , Amador Pedro , Marques Lia , Mancelos Sofia , Reis Roberto Palma , Adragao Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported the presence of subtle abnormalities in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in patients with apparently normal hearts and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) from the RVOT, including the presence of low voltage areas (LVAs). This LVAs seem to be associated with the presence of ST‐segment elevation in V1 or V2 leads at the level of the 2nd intercostal space (ICS).ObjectiveOur aim was to validate an electrocardiographic marker of LVAs in the RVOT in patients with idiopathic outflow tract VAs.MethodsA total of 120 patients were studied, 84 patients referred for ablation of idiopathic VAs with an inferior axis by the same operator, and a control group of 36 patients without VAs. Structural heart disease including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was ruled out in all patients. An electrocardiogram was performed with V1–V2 at the 2nd ICS, and ST‐segment elevation ≥1 mm and T‐wave inversion beyond V1 were assessed. Bipolar voltage map of the RVOT was performed in sinus rhythm (0.5–1.5 mV color display). Areas with electrograms <1.5 mV were considered LVAs, and their presence was assessed. We compared three groups, VAs from the RVOT (n = 66), VAs from the LVOT (n = 18) and Control group (n = 36). ST‐elevation, T‐wave inversion and left versus right side of the VAs were tested as predictors of LVAs, respective odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) and p values, were calculated with univariate logist regression. Variables with a p < .005 were included in the multivariate analysis.ResultsST‐segment elevation, T‐wave inversion and LVAs were present in the RVOT group, LVOT group and Control group as follows: (62%, 17%, and 6%, p < .0001), (33%, 29%, and 0%, p = .001) and (62%, 25%, and 14%, p < .0001). The ST‐segment elevation, T‐wave inversion and right‐sided VAs were all predictors of LVAs, respective unadjusted ORs (95% CI), p values were, 32.31 (11.33–92.13), p < .0001, 4.137 (1.615–10.60), p = .003 and 8.200 (3.309–20.32), p < .0001. After adjustment, the only independent predictor of LVAs was the ST‐segment elevation, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 20.94 (6.787–64.61), p < .0001.ConclusionLVAs were frequently present in patients with idiopathic VAs. ST‐segment elevation was the only independent predictor of their presence.
Construct validity and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the City Birth Trauma Scale
Authors: Nie Xiao‐Fei , Cheng Li , Huang Fei , Zhang Tao‐Tao , Yao Yin‐Di , Tan Jing , Ke Yu‐Ye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, most postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening scales used in China are general PTSD scales which are not compiled specifically for pregnant women and thus cannot reflect the unique needs of this population. This study aimed to translate the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) into Chinese and validate its psychometric characteristics in Chinese postpartum women.MethodsAfter translation, back‐translation, and expert discussion, 596 mothers at 1 to 12 months postpartum filled out the questionnaires through the Internet. The reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire were tested.ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of City BiTS (City BiTS‐C) was 0.889, the test–retest reliability was 0.86, and the content validity was 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors accounted for 63.148% of the variance. The City BiTS‐C had appropriate construct validity in the Chinese culture (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.048, <0.05; χ2/df = 2.666, <3). The values of the incremental fit index (IFI) and the Tucker‐Lewis coefficient (TLI) were 0.990 and 0.976, which identified that the model was a good fit for the data. The values of the comparative fit index (CFI) and the normed fit index (NFI) were 0.890 and 0.873, respectively.ConclusionsThe City BiTS‐C is a reliable and valid measure to screening and diagnosis the postpartum PTSD among new mothers who gave birth in the past year in mainland China.ImplicationsThe City BiTS‐C is a short, reliable, and valid instrument that measures the symptoms of postpartum PTSD, and it is recommend for clinical screening.
Return to Learn ECHO: Telementoring for School Personnel to Help Children Return to School and Learning After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McAvoy Karen , Halstead Mark , Radecki Linda , Shah Amy , Emanuel Anjie , Domain Stephanie , Daugherty Jill , Waltzman Dana 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDReturn to learn (RTL) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents unique challenges for school professionals. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary yet training school professionals is logistically difficult. This paper describes an innovative pilot RTL program and its evaluation.METHODSUtilizing the telehealth/telementoring program Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), this study utilized a multidisciplinary team of subject matter experts to deliver five 1‐hour sessions across 5 cohorts of school‐based professionals (total of 133 participants). The evaluation used a mixed‐methods approach of post‐session and post‐program participant surveys and post‐program participant focus groups.RESULTSParticipants who completed a post‐program survey reported statistically significant improvements in essential aspects of RTL knowledge and self‐efficacy. This included improvements in how to manage a student with an mTBI (44.8% to 86.9%), benefits of early return to school for students following mTBI (31.8% to 86.9%), and the importance of written RTL policies/procedures (55.1% to 97.1%).CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that RTL training via a telementoring approach may be a positive and effective way to train school‐based professionals and improve knowledge and self‐efficacy, especially when attending face‐to‐face trainings are difficult. This model has the potential to produce programmatic and systematic improvements for RTL education.
Unloading of occlusal force aggravates alveolar bone loss in periodontitis
Authors: Zhu Rui , Zhang Zihan , Lu Boyao , Zhang Peng , Liu Weiqing , Liang Xing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis (PD), a chronic infectious inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria, is associated with several local contributing factors including occlusal trauma. Previous studies have found that the traumatic occlusal force could aggravate alveolar bone loss during PD. However, the effect of reduced occlusal force during PD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of occlusal force unloading on PD onset and progression and its underlying mechanism as an effort to provide restoration suggestions for PD patients with dentition defect in clinic. This study might also propose occlusal force unloading could be a new local contributing factor for PD.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6 mice were used to establish a PD model by the ligation of 5–0 silk around the mandibular left first molar (PD group) and an unloading experiment model by the extraction of their left maxillary first molar (EX group). The THP‐1‐derived macrophages were used to verify in vivo results.ResultsMicro‐CT scanning and H&E staining results consistently showed that PD + EX group experienced the most severe alveolar bone resorption as compared to PD group and control group. Further RNA‐sequencing analysis suggested that occlusal force unloading significantly enhanced osteoclastic resorption, inhibited osteoblastic activity, and promotes M1 and M2 macrophages polarization. Immunofluorescence staining (IF) results showed that compared with the PD group, PD + EX group significantly increased the ratio of M1/M2 polarization. Similar results were observed by RT‐qPCR and IF in vitro: removal of compressive force led to an increased ratio of M1/M2 polarization in LPS‐stimulated THP‐1‐derived macrophages.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that occlusal force unloading aggravates bone resorption by increasing the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages polarization during PD, suggesting a previously unknown local contributing factor for PD, and providing a novel insight for dentists to restore missing teeth as an effort to maintain remaining dentition.
Genetic drift drives rapid speciation of an Arctic insular endemic shrew (Sorex pribilofensis)
Authors: Wiens Ben J. , Combe Fraser J. , Dickerson Bobette , Divine Lauren M. , Padula Veronica M. , Sage George K. , Talbot Sandra L. , Hope Andrew G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEpisodes of Quaternary environmental change shaped the genomes of extant species, influencing their response to contemporary environments, which are changing rapidly. Island endemics are among the most vulnerable to such change, accounting for a disproportionate number of recent extinctions. To prevent extinctions and conserve island biodiversity it is vital to combine knowledge of species' ecologies with their complex evolutionary histories. The Bering Sea has a history of cyclical island isolation and reconnection, coupled with modern rates of climate change that exceed global averages. The endangered Pribilof Island shrew (Sorex pribilofensis) is endemic to St. Paul Island, Alaska, which was isolated from mainland Beringia ~14,000 years ago by rising sea levels. Using ~11,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 17 microsatellites and mitochondrial sequence data, we test predictions about the evolutionary processes driving shrew speciation across Beringia. Our data show considerable differentiation of S. pribilofensis from mainland sibling species, relative to levels of divergence between mainland shrews. We also find a genome‐wide loss of diversity and extremely low Ne for S. pribilofensis. We then show that intraspecific genetic diversity is significantly related to interspecific divergence, and that differentiation between S. pribilofensis and other Beringian shrews is highest across loci that are fixed in S. pribilofensis, indicating that strong drift has driven differentiation of this island species. Our findings show that drift as a consequence of Arctic climate cycling can rapidly reshape insular biodiversity. Arctic island species that lack genomic diversity and have evolved in response to past climate may have limited ability to respond to modern environmental changes.
Hyoscine butylbromide mode of action on bowel motility: From pharmacology to clinical practice
Authors: Corsetti Maura , Forestier Sylvie , Jiménez Marcel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyoscine butylbromide (HBB) has been available for use as an antispasmodic since 1951 and is indicated for the treatment of abdominal pain associated with cramps. A previous review in 2007 summarized the evidence on the mode of action of HBB in vitro and in vivo in both animal and human studies. However, since then, novel publications have appeared within the literature and also our knowledge of what represents normal motility in humans has evolved.PurposeThis review is the result of the collaboration between a basic scientist and clinicians with the aim of providing an updated overview of the mechanisms of action of HBB and its clinical efficacy to guide not only use in clinical practice, but also future research.
Policy dismantling and democratic regression in Brazil under Bolsonaro: Coalition politics, ideas, and underlying discourses
Authors: Milhorance Carolina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrawing on a cost–benefit approach, policy dismantling literature typically examines case studies following omitted and blame‐avoidance strategies, which contrasts with the highly visible dismantling fostered by Bolsonaro's far‐right administration in Brazil. This study examines the mechanisms leading to this active process and places it in the context of major policy changes in several fields (i.e., rural development, land titling, social protection, environment, and protection of indigenous peoples). It shows that dismantling decisions were made incrementally by conservative coalitions that seized upon the economic crisis to consolidate a neoliberal turn; however, this turn was radicalized with the expansion of the conservative alliance and tied together by populist rhetoric. This study sheds light on the politics of policy dismantling and addresses it as a process of democratic backsliding.
Korea's trade policy and performance in turbulent times
Authors: Kang Moonsung , Park Innwon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is a complementary study to gain a better understanding of Korea's recent trade performance in the context of the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) 2021 Trade Policy Review (TPR) on Korea. The TPR noted that Korea's external economic activities performed relatively well because Korea was able to limit the negative impact of recent turbulence in the global trade environment through enhanced regional cooperation and integration and reform since the East Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. In addition, Korea's advanced information and communication technology has helped to mitigate external influences emanating from the global turmoil in the era of digitalisation. Evaluating Korea's recent trade performance, we found export's declining contribution to output growth and increasing vulnerability to external influences. Continuous efforts to widen and deepen regional cooperation together with efforts to rebalance value‐creation activities are required.
Effectiveness of trauma-informed, school-based interventions for children with a history of trauma or adverse experiences: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: McGraw Sarah , Palokas Michelle , Christian Robin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of trauma-informed, school-based interventions for children with a history of trauma or adverse experiences as they pertain to academic performance and health outcomes, including behavior, mental health, and socio-emotional functioning.

Introduction:
Children and adolescents who face prolonged adverse experiences or trauma have a predisposition toward emotional, behavioral, mental, and physical health problems. Few children or adolescents who endure the repercussions of constant stress and hardships, or survivors of one or more types of trauma, receive the appropriate screening and diagnosis; therefore, they do not receive tailored care or interventions.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include research syntheses pertaining to school-based, trauma-informed interventions for children and adolescents between the ages of 4 and 18 years with a history of adverse experiences or trauma. Comparisons will be made across all known school-based, trauma-informed interventions. This review will consider systematic reviews that include the following outcomes: mental health, behavior, academic performance, and/or socio-emotional functioning.

Methods:
The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished systematic reviews. An initial limited search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and CINAHL (EBSCO) will identify articles on the topic. The search strategy will be adapted for each included information source. Articles published in English will be considered for inclusion and no date limits will apply. Two independent reviewers will critically appraise eligible studies. Extracted data will be tabulated and presented along with a narrative summary.
Capability as a concept in advanced practice nursing and education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Whitfield Martha M. , Bleah Paulina , Bachynski Jovina Concepcion , Macdonald Danielle , Klein Tracy , Ross-White Amanda , Wilson Rosemary 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map how the concept of capability in advanced practice nursing and education is described in the literature.

Introduction:
Advanced practice nursing and education is often described in terms of the achievement of competencies. The concept of capability has been proposed as a more accurate description of the attributes of advanced practice nursing. Definitions of capability in advanced practice nursing vary, but often focus on the integration of prior knowledge, skills, resources, judgment, and experience when solving unanticipated problems or working in new situations.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies addressing the concept of individual capability in any setting related to advanced practice nursing education and practice. The working definition of capability in this review is a combination of knowledge, skills, experience, and competencies that enables advanced practice nurses to provide appropriate care for patients in both familiar and unfamiliar clinical settings. Advanced practice nurses will include nurses with both graduate education and an expanded scope of practice.

Methods:
Eight academic databases will be searched for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods study designs. The gray literature search will include policy and practice documents from nursing and health organization websites. Two reviewers will independently complete title and abstract screening prior to full-text review and data extraction. Articles published in English from 1975 to the present will be included. Other languages will be included if translations are available.
A Feature-Encoded Physics-Informed Parameter Identification Neural Network for Musculoskeletal Systems
Authors: Taneja Karan , He Xiaolong , He QiZhi , Zhao Xinlun , Lin Yun-An , Loh Kenneth J. , Chen Jiun-Shyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdentification of muscle-tendon force generation properties and muscle activities from physiological measurements, e.g., motion data and raw surface electromyography (sEMG), offers opportunities to construct a subject-specific musculoskeletal (MSK) digital twin system for health condition assessment and motion prediction. While machine learning approaches with capabilities in extracting complex features and patterns from a large amount of data have been applied to motion prediction given sEMG signals, the learned data-driven mapping is black-box and may not satisfy the underlying physics and has reduced generality. In this work, we propose a feature-encoded physics-informed parameter identification neural network (FEPI-PINN) for simultaneous prediction of motion and parameter identification of human MSK systems. In this approach, features of high-dimensional noisy sEMG signals are projected onto a low-dimensional noise-filtered embedding space for the enhancement of forwarding dynamics prediction. This FEPI-PINN model can be trained to relate sEMG signals to joint motion and simultaneously identify key MSK parameters. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively identify subject-specific muscle parameters and the trained physics-informed forward-dynamics surrogate yields accurate motion predictions of elbow flexion-extension motion that are in good agreement with the measured joint motion data.
Designing an Interchangeable Multi-Material Nozzle System for the Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Process
Authors: Nelson Cartwright , Tuladhar Slesha , Habib Ahasan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly growing field attempting to recreate functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Development of functional tissue requires deposition of multiple biomaterials encapsulating multiple cell types, i.e., bio-ink necessitating switching ability between bio-inks. Existing systems use more than one print head to achieve this complex interchangeable deposition, decreasing efficiency, structural integrity, and accuracy. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop an alternative deposition system that will not require more than one print head for multimaterial bioprinting. To achieve that objective, we developed a nozzle system capable of switching between multiple bio-inks with continuous deposition, ensuring the minimum transition distance so that precise deposition transitioning can be achieved. This research progressed from a prototyping stage of nozzle system to the final selection of the system. Finally, the effect of rheological properties of different biomaterial compositions on the transition distance is investigated by fabricating the sample scaffolds.