bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial properties in tropical montane forest soils developed from contrasting parent material—An incubation experiment
Authors: Kidinda Laurent K. , Olagoke Folasade K. , Vogel Cordula , Bukombe Benjamin , Kalbitz Karsten , Doetterl Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSoil microbes are key drivers of carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, and their properties are influenced by the relationship between resource demand and availability.AimsOur objective was to investigate patterns of microbial properties and their controls to understand whether they differ between soils derived from geochemically contrasting parent material in tropical montane forests.MethodsWe measured microbial biomass C (MBCSoil), potential extracellular enzyme activity (pEEA), and assessed microbial investments in C and nutrient acquisition at the beginning and end of a 120‐day laboratory incubation experiment using soils developed from three geochemically contrasting parent material (i.e., mafic, mixed sediment, and felsic) and three soil depths (0–70 cm).ResultsWe found that MBCSoil and pEEA were highest in soils developed from the mafic parent material. Microbial investment in C acquisition was highest in soils developed from mixed sedimentary rocks and lowest in soils developed from the felsic parent material. We propose that our findings are related to the strength of contrasting mineral‐related C stabilization mechanisms and varying C quality. No predominant microbial investment in nitrogen (N) acquisition was observed, whereas investment in phosphorus (P) acquisition was highest in subsoils. We found lower microbial investment in C acquisition in subsoils indicating relatively high C availability, and that microbes in subsoils can substantially participate in C cycling and limit C storage if moisture and oxygen conditions are suitable. Geochemical soil properties and substrate quality were important controls on MBCSoil per unit soil organic C (MBCSOC), particularly after the exhaustion of labile and fast cycling C, that is, at the end of the incubation.ConclusionAlthough a laboratory incubation experiment cannot reflect real‐world conditions, it allowed us to understand how soil properties affect microbial properties. We conclude that parent material is an important driver of microbial properties in tropical montane forests despite the advanced weathering degree of soils.
Los Aljezares archaeological site (Alicante, Spain) and the MIS 6/5 open‐air settlement in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: EIXEA ALEIX , CUEVAS‐GONZÁLEZ JAIME , DÍEZ‐CANSECO DAVINIA , BEL MIGUEL ÁNGEL , BONNET ANA , CARRIÓN YOLANDA , MARTÍNEZ‐ALFARO ÁLVARO , MARTÍNEZ‐RUBIO VÍCTOR , MARTÍNEZ‐VAREA CARMEN M. , PARDO RAQUEL , RIOS‐GARAIZAR JOSEBA 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe record of open‐air Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Iberian Peninsula—specifically in the Mediterranean basin—is scarce, hampering the interpretation of the landscape use strategies developed by Neanderthals in this area. In this work, we present Los Aljezares, a new Middle Palaeolithic site found in Pleistocene fluvio‐lacustrine deposits in the sedimentary basin of the Vinalopó River. A U/Th age (132 ± 10 ka) from associated carbonate deposits allows us to attribute the site to the uppermost part of the Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene (marine isotope stage 6/5). To date, a total of two levels of human occupation have been identified in which the density of lithic remains is low compared with cave and rock shelter sites in the region. The first results of technology and use‐wear, raw material procurement and geological data indicate a settlement in Los Aljezares along a territory characterised by ephemeral channels and their associated palustrine and lacustrine zones. This palaeoenvironmental setting provided biotic and abiotic resources in a transit area between inland and coastal locations.
Is it C4 or ‘C3 in disguise’? Disentangling the ambiguity in palaeovegetation estimation
Authors: SREEMANY ARPITA , BERA MELINDA KUMAR 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIncreasing stable carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C) of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) has traditionally been interpreted to reflect an increase in C4 vegetation abundance, though microbial degradation or increasing δ13C values of C3 plants in response to precipitation change can also cause a similar effect. Therefore, δ13CSOM values alone cannot reveal the true origin of the observed 13C enrichment in SOM. Here, employing a wet‐oxidation method on modern sediment, we have demonstrated that this treatment removes partly degraded and degradation‐prone components of the C3 plant‐derived organic matter (OM). Therefore, it helps to understand the real contribution of C4‐derived organic carbon (OC) in the modern sediment and identify the C3 plant‐derived OC in disguise. As a test case, we extend our inference to Middle to Late Holocene lower Gangetic floodplain records, which were supposed to register a complete switchover from a C3‐dominated to a C4‐dominated system (~10‰ positive shifts in δ13CSOM values). However, the present study showed that ~60% (~6‰) of the observed positive shift in δ13CSOM values actually register a temporal change in the C3 plant end‐member δ13C value in response to reduction in Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
Reassessment of the temperature dependent oxidation of 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol (MBO) by Cl atoms: A kinetic and product study
Authors: Allani Amira , Romanias Manolis N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the current study, the temperature dependence of the Cl atom rate coefficient with 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol (MBO) is re‐assessed. Relative rate kinetic measurements were performed inside THALAMOS (thermally regulated atmospheric simulation chamber) facility under atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) of zero air in the temperature range of 256–353 K. The rate coefficient of the title reaction was found to be independent of temperature with a value of kMBO = (3.20 ± 0.10) × 10−10 cm3 molecule–1 s–1, where the quoted error corresponds to 2σ standard error of the mean value and includes the overall uncertainty of the measurements. Besides the kinetic study we have also determined the yields of the major products formed, in the temperature range of 273–353 K. Acetone and chloroacetaldehyde were identified as primary oxidation products with almost identical yields, ranging between 60% and 80%. Formaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone were also observed with yields below 10% and 0.5%, respectively. Our experimental results indicate that the dominant reaction pathway is the addition of Cl atoms to the terminal carbon atom of MBO.
A novel feature space monitoring index of salinisation in the Yellow River Delta based on SENTINEL‐2B MSI images
Authors: Guo Bing , Yang Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost of previous studies utilized the surface parameters from LANDSAT images to construct the feature space monitoring index model of salinisation (salinization), and a few studies that have combined the feature space model with SENTINEL‐2B MSI images have been reported. In addition, the red edge index derived from SENTINEL‐2B MSI images can provide more detailed information to indicate the vegetation condition when monitoring salinized land ecosystems. Based on SENTINEL‐2B MSI images, this paper introduces seven typical parameters, namely NDVI, MSAVI, SI, Albedo, NDre1, NDre2, and NDre3 (red edge index) to construct two category features space models (point‐to‐line type and point‐to‐point type), and then, a novel salinisation monitoring index for use in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Our main conclusions showed that: (1) the monitoring index model based on SENTINEL‐2B MSI images and a feature space model has high applicability for the salinisation monitoring in the YRD, with an average precision of R2 = 0.8499; (2) the point‐to‐point monitoring index of soil salinisation based on the NDre1‐SI feature space model has the best inversion accuracy of R2 = 0.9305 and RMSE = 0.9926; (3) the red edge index can better indicate the state and evolution process of soil salinisation. The salinisation monitoring models that included the red edge indexes have higher inversion accuracy with an average value of R2 = 0.8650; (4) the soil salinisation in the YRD was more serious in its eastern and northeastern regions than other parts. The results provide a new technical and methodological approach for the prevention and treatment of regional salinisation.
Switchable Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride/Epoxides/Lactide Mixtures: A Straightforward Approach to Block Copolymers with Unsaturated Polyester Sequences
Authors: Wang Yu‐Bo , Wang Ming‐Qian , Shi Yi‐Bo , Chen Xiao‐Lu , Song Dong‐Po , Li Yue‐Sheng , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSwitchable copolymerization of oxygenated heterocycle mixtures by a single catalytic system has been proved to be a promising approach to sequence‐controlled block copolymers. However, there are still big challenges in one‐step synthesis of multiblock copolymers containing unsaturated polyester blocks from maleic anhydride, epoxides, and lactone mixtures. Herein, a switchable pathway for polylactide‐b‐poly(MAH‐alt‐epoxide)‐b‐polylactide block copolymers is established. The excellent chemoselectivity in multicomponent copolymerization is achieved by bipyridine bisphenolate aluminum complexes that can induce an obvious kinetic differentiation between ring‐opening copolymerization of maleic anhydride/epoxides and ring‐opening polymerization of lactide. The scope of the epoxide for switchable copolymerization is explored and it is found that the steric hindrance of the substituents on epoxide significantly influences the formation of block copolymers. Block copolymers with various sequential and topological structures can be easily prepared by exquisite selection of different initiators. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the conversion of cis‐maleate units in the block copolyester could be completely converted to trans‐fumarate units by isomerization without chain degradation, cross‐linking, and chain scrambling.
Mefloquine induces ER stress and apoptosis in BRAFi‐resistant A375‐BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K malignant melanoma cells targeting intracranial tumors in a bioluminescent murine model
Authors: Jandova Jana , Park Sophia L. , Corenblum Mandi J. , Madhavan Lalitha , Snell Jeremy A. , Rounds Liliana , Wondrak Georg T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecularly targeted therapeutics have revolutionized the treatment of BRAFV600E‐driven malignant melanoma, but the rapid development of resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors (BRAFi) presents a significant obstacle. The use of clinical antimalarials for the investigational treatment of malignant melanoma has shown only moderate promise, attributed mostly to inhibition of lysosomal‐autophagic adaptations of cancer cells, but identification of specific antimalarials displaying single‐agent antimelanoma activity has remained elusive. Here, we have screened a focused library of clinically used artemisinin‐combination therapeutic (ACT) antimalarials for the apoptotic elimination of cultured malignant melanoma cell lines, also examining feasibility of overcoming BRAFi‐resistance comparing isogenic melanoma cells that differ only by NRAS mutational status (BRAFi‐sensitive A375‐BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 vs. BRAFi‐resistant A375‐BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K). Among ACT antimalarials tested, mefloquine (MQ) was the only apoptogenic agent causing melanoma cell death at low micromolar concentrations. Comparative gene expression‐array analysis (A375‐BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 vs. A375‐BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K) revealed that MQ is a dual inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and redox stress responses that precede MQ‐induced loss of viability. ER‐trackerTM DPX fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy indicated ER swelling, accompanied by rapid induction of ER stress signaling (phospho‐eIF2α, XBP‐1s, ATF4). Fluo‐4 AM‐fluorescence indicated the occurrence of cytosolic calcium overload observable within seconds of MQ exposure. In a bioluminescent murine model employing intracranial injection of A375‐Luc2 (BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K) cells, an oral MQ regimen efficiently antagonized brain tumor growth. Taken together, these data suggest that the clinical antimalarial MQ may be a valid candidate for drug repurposing aiming at chemotherapeutic elimination of malignant melanoma cells, even if metastasized to the brain and BRAFi‐resistant.
Longitudinal Follow‐Up of Mood in Cervical Dystonia and Influence on Age at Onset
Authors: Moriarty Andrew , Rafee Shameer , Ndukwe Ihedinachi , O'Riordan Sean , Hutchinson Michael 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnxiety and depression are highly prevalent conditions in cervical dystonia and considered intrinsic to the disease mechanism. Psychiatric symptoms do not appear to be influenced by botulinum toxin therapy. Studies focusing on changes in mood disorder during the course of the disease are limited in this chronic, lifelong disorder.ObjectiveTo assess the longitudinal prevalence of mood disorder, pain, and quality of life in patients with cervical dystonia attending a botulinum toxin clinic.MethodsPatients involved in phase I of our study were invited to be involved in reassessment using the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Revision; Beck Anxiety Index; Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile–58 (CDIP‐58); and the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale–2 Pain Scale (TWSTRS2‐Pain).ResultsA total of 53 participants took part after a mean study interval duration of 24 months. There were no significant differences between the 2 study time points in the prevalence of anxiety (P = 0.2919) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.5). Self‐reported quality of life by CDIP‐58 (P = 0.96) and pain by TWSTRS2‐Pain (P = 0.9321) were unchanged. Men and women with significant symptoms of mood disorder had an earlier age of onset of cervical dystonia (P = 0.008).ConclusionAnxiety and depressive symptoms persist in cervical dystonia, seem to be unrelated to pain severity, and need to be specifically targeted to improve quality of life. The relationship between mood disorder and age of onset suggest that mood disorder may be part of the disease pathophysiology.
Advanced‐Stage Parkinson's Disease: From Identification to Characterization Using a Nationwide Database
Authors: Barer Yael , Gurevich Tanya , Chodick Gabriel , Giladi Nir , Gross Ruth , Cohen Raanan , Bergmann Lars , Jalundhwala Yash J. , Shalev Varda , Grabarnik‐John Meital , Thaler Avner 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses, response to oral medications decreases and motor complications appear. Timely intervention has been demonstrated as effective in reducing symptoms. However, current instruments for the identification of these patients are often complicated and inadequate. It has been suggested that anti‐PD intensified therapy (IT) can serve as a proxy for increased burden of disease.ObjectiveTo explore whether IT aligns with events reflecting advanced PD (APD) burden.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of PD beneficiaries in the second‐largest healthcare provider in Israel. Patients with PD diagnosed between January 2000 and June 2018 and treated with levodopa (l‐dopa) ≥5 times/day and/or ≥1000 mg l‐dopa equivalent daily dose were defined as the IT cohort (n = 2037). Treated patients with PD not fulfilling this criterion were defined as the nonintensified therapy (NIT) cohort (n = 3402). Point prevalence and 5‐ and 10‐year cumulative incidence of IT were assessed. Baseline demographic and comorbidities, 1‐year healthcare resource use, health costs, and time to clinical events were assessed and compared between cohorts.ResultsIT was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) higher healthcare resource use compared with NIT. In turn, IT patients incurred higher healthcare costs (P < 0.001) and were at greater risk for mortality, hospitalization, disability, and device‐aided therapy use (P < 0.001, for all comparisons).ConclusionsTreatment intensity can serve as an objective and robust indicator of more APD. This readily extractable marker can be easily integrated into electronic medical record alerts to actively target more advanced patients and to guide risk‐appropriate care.
A hydrodynamic model for analyzing the closure stresses in the wellbore strengthening problem
Authors: Sarris Ernestos N. , Gravanis Elias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe problem of creating unwanted fractures while drilling ultradeep wells is mitigated with the application of wellbore strengthening techniques. Despite the numerous applications, an open question remains about the efficiency of the loss of circulation materials (LCM) and its implications on the closure stress distribution change during plugging. This work investigates the effects on the stress field before and after plugging along the fracture extension axis by introducing a hydrodynamic plug. With the hydrodynamic plug, fluid flow is constrained by pressure conditions at specific locations in the fracture simulating the LCM. Three different scenarios were considered. First, the efficiency of the bridge is simulated by varying the pressure drop. Second, the location of the bridge inside the fracture and finally a nearly packed fracture. The models are fully coupled and were solved with the finite element method in impermeable and permeable hard rocks. We find that for high‐efficiency bridges, narrower fracture profiles are predicted, which causes the induced closure stresses to increase significantly. On the other hand, when the bridge is close and near the wellbore area, the fracture profiles are maintained wide and narrow when it is nearest to the tip. The predicted fracture geometry induces higher closure stresses when the plug is near the well and slightly reduces when it is near the tip. Finally, the pressure profile resulting from the packed fracture significantly affects the fracture dimensions, resulting in narrower fracture, however resulting in a smooth variation of induced closure stresses with high magnitude comparable to the stresses at the state of propagation. The diffusion occurring in the permeable case creates back‐stresses that appear to have an additive contribution to the induced closure stresses. This underlines the significance of diffusion on the induced coupled closure stresses for large fractures while performing wellbore strengthening methodologies.
Lineage tracing in human tissues
Authors: Gabbutt Calum , Wright Nicholas A , Baker Ann‐Marie , Shibata Darryl , Graham Trevor A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dynamical process of cell division that underpins homeostasis in the human body cannot be directly observed in vivo, but instead is measurable from the pattern of somatic genetic or epigenetic mutations that accrue in tissues over an individual's lifetime. Because somatic mutations are heritable, they serve as natural lineage tracing markers that delineate clonal expansions. Mathematical analysis of the distribution of somatic clone sizes gives a quantitative readout of the rates of cell birth, death, and replacement. In this review we explore the broad range of somatic mutation types that have been used for lineage tracing in human tissues, introduce the mathematical concepts used to infer dynamical information from these clone size data, and discuss the insights of this lineage tracing approach for our understanding of homeostasis and cancer development. We use the human colon as a particularly instructive exemplar tissue. There is a rich history of human somatic cell dynamics surreptitiously written into the cell genomes that is being uncovered by advances in sequencing and careful mathematical analysis lineage of tracing data. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Emerging technologies for prenatal diagnosis: The application of whole genome and RNA sequencing
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Vossaert Liesbeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA sequencing technologies for clinical genetic testing have been rapidly evolving in recent years, and steadily become more important within the field of prenatal diagnostics. This review aims to give an overview of recent developments and to describe how they have the potential to fill the gaps of the currently clinically implemented methods for prenatal diagnosis of various genetic disorders. It has been shown for postnatal testing that whole genome sequencing provides a set of added benefits compared to exome sequencing, and it is to be expected that this will be the case for prenatal testing as well. RNA‐sequencing, already used postnatally, can provide valuable complementary data to DNA‐based testing, and aid in variant interpretation. While not ready for clinical implementation, emerging technologies such as long‐read and Hi‐C sequencing analyses might add to the toolbox for interpreting the expanding genetic data sets generated by genome‐wide sequencing. Lastly, we also discuss some more practical implications of introducing these emerging technologies, which generate larger and larger genomic data sets, in the prenatal field.
Cost structure and resource efficiency of plasma processes
Authors: Oehr Christian , Hegemann Dirk , Liehr Michael , Wohlfart Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTotal cost‐of‐ownership, operation costs, and resource efficiency of low‐pressure plasma systems and processes must be taken into consideration if new processes for surface treatment are to be introduced. All three aspects will determine the costs of any value increase per component subjected to a plasma process, and they will be the focus of this article. At first glance, coating costs using plasma processes seem to be dominated by high initial investments. However, the following discussion will show that operating costs are at least of the same importance. With the examples of solar cells, hard coatings, organic film deposition, and simple surface activation, it will be illustrated how the different factors above dominate final production cost.
Unusual Electrical and Magnetic Properties in Layered EuZn2As2
Authors: Blawat Joanna , Marshall Madalynn , Singleton John , Feng Erxi , Cao Huibo , Xie Weiwei , Jin Rongying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEu‐based compounds often exhibit unusual magnetism, which is critical for nontrivial topological properties seen in materials such as EuCd2As2. The authors investigate the structure and physical properties of EuZn2As2 through measurements of the electrical resistivity, Hall effect, magnetization, and neutron diffraction. Their data show that EuZn2As2 orders antiferromagnetically with an A‐type spin configuration belowTN = 19 K. Surprisingly, there is strong evidence for dominant ferromagnetic fluctuations aboveTN, as reflected by positive Curie–Weiss temperature and extremely large negative magnetoresistance (MR) betweenTNandTfl≈200 K. Furthermore, the angle dependence of the MRabindicates field‐induced spin reorientation from theab‐plane to a direction ≈45° from theabplane. Compared to EuCd2As2, the doubledTNandTflmake EuZn2As2 a better platform for exploring nontrivial magnetic and electronic properties in both magnetic fluctuation (TN < T < Tfl) and ordered (T < TN) regimes.