bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking the current when it serves: Prospects and challenges for an ITLOS advisory opinion on oceans and climate change
Authors: Roland Holst Rozemarijn J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 2021 Agreement for the Establishment of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law has brought the prospect of an advisory opinion on climate change from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) a step closer to reality. The Agreement authorizes COSIS to submit a request to the full Tribunal, following the road paved for the first time—and not uncontroversially—by the 2015 ITLOS Sub‐regional Fisheries Commission Advisory Opinion. This article explores the potential for progressive development of (erga omnes) obligations under the law of the sea in relation to climate change by means of an advisory opinion, as well as challenges that may be encountered. Drawing on previous case law, it reflects on the suitability of the ITLOS advisory route, substantive and strategic considerations and potential future implications of an ITLOS advisory opinion on climate change.
High‐intensity interval training improves metabolic syndrome in women with breast cancer receiving Anthracyclines
Authors: Gonzalo‐Encabo Paola , Christopher Cami N. , Lee Kyuwan , Normann Amber J. , Yunker Alexandra G. , Norris Mary K. , Wang Ellice , Dieli‐Conwright Christina M. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAnthracycline chemotherapy is a frequent treatment for breast cancer, whereas it can increase risk of physiologic side‐effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Exercise has been used as a non‐pharmacological strategy to decrease MetS. Specifically, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve MetS in patients with diabetes or cardiac rehabilitation patients; however, the effects of HIIT on MetS and associated biomarkers in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline chemotherapy have not been previously explored. Therefore, we purposed to determine the effects of HIIT on MetS in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy.MethodsIn total, 30 patients with breast cancer were recruited prior to initiating treatment and randomized into HIIT (n = 15) or control (n = 15). The HIIT group attended supervised cycling sessions 3 days/week for 8 weeks. MetS was assessed by waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C), triglycerides, and glucose. Circulating levels of MetS‐related biomarkers were also measured (total cholesterol, insulin, HbA1c, leptin, adiponectin, and c‐reactive protein).ResultsAfter 8 weeks, MetS z‐score was significantly improved in the HIIT group compared with controls (−7.60, 95% CI: −9.08 to −6.13, p < 0.001). MetS variables (HDL–C, glucose, and triglycerides) and circulating levels of MetS‐related biomarkers were significantly improved in the HIIT group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Non‐significant differences were found in body composition outcomes at the end of the study.ConclusionsHIIT may be an effective strategy to improve MetS in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. Furthermore, changes in MetS were independent of changes in body composition.
Supplemental Material: Picture Gorge Basalt: Internal stratigraphy, eruptive patterns, and its importance for understanding CRBG magmatism
Authors: Cahoon E.B. , al. et 
Published: November 2022

<p>File A: Sample location and geochemical table (XRF and ICP-MS data). File B. Geochemical correlation of PGB samples. File C: Principal component analysis code. File D: Age spectra: Age plateaus and inverse isochrons. File E: ArArCALC age summary table. </p>
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial: reducing reintubation among high-risk cardiac surgery patients with high-flow nasal cannula (I-CAN)
Authors: Freundlich Robert E , Wanderer Jonathan P , French Benjamin , Moore Ryan P , Hernandez Antonio , Shah Ashish S , Byrne Daniel W , Pandharipande Pratik P 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHeated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy has been used as a therapy for hypoxic respiratory failure in numerous clinical settings. To date, limited data exist to guide appropriate use following cardiac surgery, particularly among patients at risk for experiencing reintubation. We hypothesised that postextubation treatment with high-flow nasal cannula would decrease the all-cause reintubation rate within the 48 hours following initial extubation, compared with usual care.Methods and analysisAdult patients undergoing cardiac surgery (open surgery on the heart or thoracic aorta) will be automatically enrolled, randomised and allocated to one of two treatment arms in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial at the time of initial extubation. The two treatment arms are administration of heated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen postextubation and usual care (treatment at the discretion of the treating provider). The primary outcome will be all-cause reintubation within 48 hours of initial extubation. Secondary outcomes include all-cause 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay and ventilator-free days. Interaction analyses will be conducted to assess the differential impact of the intervention within strata of predicted risk of reintubation, calculated according to our previously published and validated prognostic model.Ethics and disseminationVanderbilt University Medical Center IRB approval, 15 March 2021 with waiver of written informed consent. Plan for publication of study protocol prior to study completion, as well as publication of results.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov,NCT04782817submitted 25 February 2021.Date of protocol29 August 2022. Version 2.0.
Theory-based evaluation of three research–practice partnerships designed to deliver novel, sustainable collaborations between adult social care research and practice in the UK: a research protocol for a ‘layered’ contributions analysis and realist evaluation
Authors: Malley Juliette , Bauer Annette , Boaz Annette , Kendrick Hannah , Knapp Martin 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionResearch–practice partnerships (RPPs) are long-term collaborations between research and practice that aim to conduct research that can be used to make practice-based improvements. They intentionally bring together diverse experience in decision making and seek to shift power dynamics so that all partners have a say. The Creating Care Partnerships project aims to explore whether the RPP approach developed within the US educational context can be successfully applied to the English care home context. The project involves a programme of codesign, implementation and evaluation within three case study sites. This protocol set outs the aims, research design and governance of the evaluation.Methods and analysisThe evaluation takes a theory-based approach to explore how, why and in what circumstances RPPs in the care home context contribute to enhancing research and research use in local care homes and informing wider improvement efforts. A mixed-methods design will be used for each case study, including semistructured interviews, observations of RPP events and meetings, an online survey, activity diary and review of local data and documents. Data collection will proceed in waves, with the theory of change (ToC) being continually refined and used to guide further data collection and analysis. Insights will be drawn using Contribution Analysis, Realist Evaluation and systems perspectives to assess the contribution made by the case study sites to achieving outcomes and the influence of contextual factors. Economic consequences will be identified through the ToC, using a narrative economic analysis to assess costs, consequences and value for money.Ethics and disseminationThe study has undergone ethics review by HRA Research Ethics Committee. It does not pose major ethical issues. A final report will be published and articles will be submitted to international journals.
One Health, One Welfare, One Right: Introducing Animal Rights in Europe
Authors: Verniers Elien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The increasing interlinkage between humans and animals has led to the emergence of the ‘One Health’ and ‘One Welfare’ discourse. The covid-19 pandemic has proven the intersectionality between humans and animals and fueled these campaigns even more. The concept of One Health has in particular found its way into regulatory policy. A World Health Assembly resolution of 19 May 2020 includes a specific reference to One Health as an approach that could guide the research into the origin and transmission of covid-19 and the prevention of future pandemics. The EU also devotes attention to the One Health concept and approach, for instance with regard to its Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance and a study requested by the committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety that examines the relation between different zoonotic pandemics and the livestock sector. While we acknowledge the interwoven connection between animal and human welfare and health, a similar approach regarding legal protection has been almost totally ignored. Hence, regarding the current momentum of animal-human integration and following the example of these movements, the time has come to consider a ‘One Right’ approach to address legal rights for (nonhuman) animals in Europe. This contribution will canvass two possibilities for legal animal rights within the framework of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (echr). Firstly, the umbrella of article 8 of the echr and the case for a human right to animal protection will be explored. Currently, it has been accepted that this right to respect for private and family life also entails the right to a healthy environment. It is contended that likewise simple animal rights can be created under Article 8 following a responsible anthropocentric angle. In contrast, a second entry-point which will be scrutinized concerns a biocentric viewpoint and departs from an extensive interpretation of Article 1 of the echr. Through a dynamic and (r)evolutionary interpretation the personal scope of the echr can be extended to include (certain) animals.
The Everything Cult: Multiphrenic Faith and the QAnon Movement
Authors: Hughes Brian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article undertakes an analysis of QAnon marketing and metaphysics through a holistic lens of mediatization theory and medium theory. It proposes a means of understanding the movement as an example of mediatization in the sense of a social environment in which behavior comes to resemble the logic of the media, and mediatization in the sense of an institution—that is, the Q movement as a media entity operating as a social agent in the world at large. It will be argued that the specific character of these mediatizations comes about partly—and perhaps largely—as a consequence of the technical affordances of key digital platforms through which QAnon conspiracy culture spreads. The marketing of the QAnon faith-brand is both strategic and decentralized. It comes about as both the result of conscious planning by key figures within the movement and the emergent consequence of countless would-be marketers’ efforts (both true believers and cynics). The speed, anonymity, and ephemerality of the 8chan and 8kun imageboards favor the cryptic, rapid-fire messages which characterized Q’s writing. The collective anonymity and anonymous collectivity fostered by the design and engineering of online messageboards like 8chan and 8kun (Zeng & Schäfer, 2021) likewise fostered a social environment of mass anonymous exegesis. Simultaneously, the entrepreneurial design and engineering (and ideology) of social media platforms intersect with this anonymous collectivity to produce a class of “Q-fluencers,” individuals who market the QAnon conspiracy theory, its politics and metaphysics, as a lifestyle brand—and who market themselves as Q-based brand-personalities. Through this analysis, this article aims to shed light on the socio-technical conditions out of which Q arose and to critique the assumptions of digital ideology which produce technologies and use-behaviors amenable to extremist swindles such as QAnon.
Small-scale population structuring results in differential susceptibility to pesticide exposure
Authors: Grethlein Martin , Pelikan Lars , Dombrowski Andrea , Kabus Jana , Oehlmann Jörg , Weigand Alexander , Jourdan Jonas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCentral European riverine networks are subject to widely varying local anthropogenic pressures, forcing species with limited dispersal abilities to adapt or become locally extinct. Previous catchment-wide studies have shown that some invertebrates tend to have pronounced population structuring throughout mountainous river networks, raising the question of whether this also translates into small-scale phenotypic differentiation and adaptation to local stressors. One such species is the headwater crustacean species Gammarus fossarum clade 11 (or lineage B), which we restudied in terms of population structure four years after first assessment. Our aim was not only to document the temporal stability/dynamics of the population structure, but we asked whether a small-scale genetic structuring also results in phenotypic differentiation and different susceptibility to a commonly applied pesticide. Therefore, we re-assessed population structure based on COI haplotypes and their frequencies, and quantified key parameters related to morphological and life-history differentiation. Furthermore, we examined the difference in sensitivity towards the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin. COI haplotype patterns were found to be stable over time and confirmed the small-scale population structuring within the catchment, with isolated headwater populations and connected downstream populations. While little life-history differentiation was observed, marked differences in susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticide were found. Populations from pristine sites responded significantly more tolerant than populations from anthropogenically impacted sites—showing that prior exposure to a spectrum of stressors does not automatically increase tolerance to a specific stressor. Therefore, our study demonstrates that limited dispersal capacity is reflected not only in population structure, but also in small-scale variation in susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbance. The system thus provides a suitable experimental landscape to test the impact of further stressors (e.g., other novel entities, including pesticides with other modes of action) on locally isolated populations. Based on these findings, important recommendations for the protection of riverine species and their intraspecific genetic variation can be developed.
Serum LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the risk of carotid plaques: a longitudinal study
Authors: Wu Zhuchao , Li Xiaona , Wen Qin , Tao Bilin , Qiu Beibei , Zhang Qun , Wang Jianming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Dyslipidemia contributes to an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. However, the association between the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and carotid plaque formation has not been well documented. This study aims to assess the role of LDL-C/HDL-C in the risk of carotid plaque formation in a Chinese population.

Methods
We followed 2,191 participants who attended the annual routine health examination. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were applied to evaluate the association between the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and carotid plaques. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of the association.

Results
Among 2,191 participants, 388 had incident carotid plaques detected, with a median follow-up time of 1.05 years. Compared with subjects younger than 45 years, those aged 45 to 59 years (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.55–2.58) and over 60 years (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.47–4.58) had an increased risk of carotid plaque formation. Males (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01–1.56), diabetes (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06–2.01) and a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07–1.38) were significantly linked with the occurrence of carotid plaques. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio promoted carotid plaque events (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.50). The RCS analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association. The association was stronger among females (P-interaction < 0.05).

Conclusion
A high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could accelerate the occurrence of carotid plaques. Older men with diabetes and dyslipidemia are the critical target population. Women may be more likely to benefit from lipid-lowering interventions and thus avoid carotid plaque formation.
Favorable locoregional control in clinically node-negative hormone-receptor positive breast cancer with low 21-gene recurrence scores: a single-institution study with 10-year follow-up
Authors: Uras Cihan , Cabioglu Neslihan , Tokat Fatma , Er Ozlem , Kara Halil , Korkmaz Taner , Bese Nuran , Ince Umit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have shown a lower likelihood of locoregional recurrences in patients with a low 21-gene recurrence score (RS). In this single-institution study, we investigated whether there are any associations between different cutoff values of 21-gene RS, histopathological factors, and outcome in patients with long-term follow-up.

Methods
The study included 61 patients who had early-stage (I-II) clinically node-negative hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and were tested with the 21-gene RS assay between February 2010 and February 2013. Demographic, clinicopathological, treatment, and outcome characteristics were analyzed.

Results
The median age was 48 years (range, 29–72 years). Patients with high histologic grade (HG), Ki-67 ≥ 25%, or Ki-67 ≥ 30% were more likely to have intermediate/high RS (≥ 18). Based on the 21-gene RS assay, only 19 patients (31%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 112 months, 3 patients developed locoregional recurrences (4.9%), which were treated with endocrine therapy alone. Among patients treated with endocrine treatment alone (n = 42), the following clinicopathological characteristics were not found to be significantly associated with 10-year locoregional recurrence free survival (LRRFS): age < 40 years, age < 50 years, high histological or nuclear grade, high Ki-67-scores (≥ 15%, ≥ 20%, ≥ 25%, ≥ 30%), presence of lymphovascular invasion, luminal-A type, multifocality, lymph node positivity, tumor size more than 2 cm, RS ≥ 18, and RS > 11. However, patients with RS ≥ 16 had significantly poorer 10-year LRRFS compared to those with RS < 16 (75% vs. 100%, respectively; p = 0.039).

Conclusions
The results suggest that patients with clinically node-negative disease and RS ≥ 16 are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapies. However, those with RS < 16 have an excellent outcome and local control in long-term follow-up with endocrine treatment alone.
Changes in prevalence and the cascade of care for type 2 diabetes over ten years (2005-2015): results of two nationally representative surveys in Mozambique
Authors: Madede Tavares , Damasceno Albertino , Lunet Nuno , Augusto Orvalho , Silva-Matos Carla , Beran David , Levitt Naomi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Sub-Saharan Africa is predicted to have the steepest increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the next 25 years. The latest Mozambican population-based STEPS survey (STEPS 2005) estimated a 2.9% prevalence of diabetes in the adult population aged 25-64 years. We aimed to assess the change in prevalence, awareness, and management of diabetes in the national STEPS survey from 2014/2015 compared to 2005.

Methods
We conducted an observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study following the WHO STEPS surveillance methodology in urban and rural settings, targeting the adult population of Mozambique in 2015. We collected sociodemographic data, anthropometric, and 12 hour fasting glucose blood samples in a sample of 1321 adults. The analysis consisted of descriptive measures of the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes and related risk factors by age group, sex, and urban/rural residence and compared the findings to those of the 2005 survey results.

Results
The prevalence of IFG and diabetes was 4.8% (95CI: 3.6-6.3) and 7.4% (95CI: 5.5-10.0), respectively. These prevalence of IFG and diabetes did not differ significantly between women and men. The prevalence of diabetes in participants classified with overweight/obesity [10.6% (95CI: 7.5-14.6)] and with central obesity (waist hip ratio) [11.0% (95CI: 7.4-16.1)] was almost double the prevalence of their leaner counterparts, [6.3% (95CI, 4.0-9.9)] and [5.2% (95CI: 3.2-8.6)], respectively. Diabetes prevalence increased with age. There were 50% more people with diabetes in urban areas than in rural. Only 10% of people with diabetes were aware of their disease, and only 44% of those taking oral glucose-lowering drugs. The prevalence of IFG over time [2.0% (95CI: 1.1-3.5) vs 4.8% (95CI: 3.6-6.3)] and diabetes [2.9% (95CI: 2.0-4.2) vs 7.4% (95CI: 5.5-10.0)] were more than twofold higher in 2014/2015 than in 2005. However, awareness of disease and being on medication decreased by 3% and by 50%, respectively. Though this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
While the prevalence of diabetes in Mozambique has increased from 2005 to 2015, awareness and medication use have declined considerably. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of primary health care and communities to detect, manage and prevent the occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors.