bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactic Cosmic Rays at Mars and Venus: Temporal Variations from Hours to Decades Measured as the Background Signal of Onboard Microchannel Plates
Authors: Futaana Yoshifumi , Shimoyama Manabu , Wieser Martin , Karlsson Stefan , Andersson Herman , Nilsson Hans , Wang Xiao-Dong , Fedorov Andrey , André Nicolas , Holmström Mats , Barabash Stas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a component widely used for counting particles in space. Using the background counts from MCPs on the Mars Express and Venus Express orbiters—operating over 17 yr and 8 yr, respectively—we investigated the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) characteristics of the inner solar system. The MCP background counts at Mars and Venus, on a solar cycle timescale, exhibited clear anticorrelation with the sunspot number. We concluded that the measured MCP background counts contained GCR information. The GCR characteristics measured using the MCP background counts at Mars showed features consistent with measurements on Earth in Solar Cycle 24. The time lag between the sunspot number and the MCP background counts was found to be ∼9 months at Mars. The shorter-term background data recorded along the orbits (with a timescale of several hours) also showed evident depletion of the background counts, due to absorption of the GCR particles by the planets. Thanks to the visible planetary size change along an orbit, we developed a model to separate the GCR contribution to the MCP background counts from the internal contribution caused by the β-decay of radioactive elements in the MCP glass. Our statistical analysis of the GCR absorption signatures at Mars implies that the effective absorption radius of Mars for the GCR particles is >100 km larger than the radius of the planet. However, the cause remains an open question.
Spectropolarimetry as a Means to Address Cloud Composition and Habitability for a Cloudy Exoplanetary Atmosphere in the Habitable Zone
Authors: West Robert A. , Dumont Philip , Hu Renyu , Natraj Vijay , Breckinridge James , Chen Pin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In our solar system, the densely cloud-covered atmosphere of Venus stands out as an example of how polarimetry can be used to gain information on cloud composition and particle mean radius. With current interest running high on discovering and characterizing extrasolar planets in the habitable zone where water exists in the liquid state, making use of spectropolarimetric measurements of directly imaged exoplanets could provide key information unobtainable through other means. In principle, spectropolarimetric measurements can determine if acidity causes water activities in the clouds to be too low for life. To this end, we show that a spectropolarimeter measurement over the range 400–1000 nm would need to resolve linear polarization to a precision of about 1% or better for reflected starlight from an optically thick cloud-enshrouded exoplanet. We assess the likelihood of achieving this goal by simulating measurements from a notional spectropolarimeter as part of a starshade configuration for a large space telescope (a HabEx design, but for a 6 m diameter primary mirror). Our simulations include consideration of noise from a variety of sources. We provide guidance on limits that would need to be levied on instrumental polarization to address the science issues we discuss. For photon-limited noise, integration times would need to be of order 1 hr for a large radius (10 Earth radii) planet to more than 100 hr for smaller exoplanets depending on the star–planet separation, planet radius, phase angle, and desired uncertainty. We discuss implications for surface chemistry and habitability.
A New Method of Reconstructing Galactic 3D Structures Using Ultralong-wavelength Radio Observations
Authors: Cong 丛 Yanping 艳平 , Yue 岳 Bin 斌 , Xu 徐 Yidong 怡冬 , Shi 施 Yuan 嫄 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The free–free absorption of low-frequency radio waves by thermal electrons in the warm ionized medium of our Galaxy becomes very significant at ≲10 MHz (ultralong wavelength), and the absorption strength depends on the radio frequency. Upcoming space experiments such as the Discovering Sky at the Longest Wavelength and Farside Array for Radio Science Investigations of the Dark Ages and Exoplanets will produce high-resolution multifrequency sky maps at the ultralong wavelength, providing a new window to observe the universe. In this Paper we propose that from these ultralong-wavelength multifrequency maps, the 3D distribution of the Galactic electrons can be reconstructed. This novel and robust reconstruction of the Galactic electron distribution will be a key science case of those space missions. Ultralong-wavelength observations will be a powerful tool for studying the astrophysics relevant to the Galactic electron distribution, for example, the impacts of supernova explosions on electron distribution, and the interaction between interstellar atoms and ionizing photons escaped from the H ii regions around massive stars.
Evidence of the Hall Effect Providing the Core Field inside a Magnetic Flux Rope in an Antiparallel Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Yong Cun , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Tang Si Yao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission on 2015 November 12 showed the existence of tripolar Hall magnetic fields north of the X line in a quasi-antiparallel reconnection at the dayside of the magnetopause. The bipolar variation in the normal component of the magnetic field inside the middle polar region of the tripolar Hall fields indicated the presence of an ion-scale magnetic flux rope. The coexistence of Hall fields and a magnetic flux rope provides the first evidence that the Hall effect in quasi-antiparallel magnetic reconnection can generate the core field inside a magnetic flux rope. There is one dip in the core field of the observed magnetic flux rope. We interpret the core field and the dip with the Hall effect associated with sequential multiple-X-line reconnection. The results of this study shed light on the mechanism of the generation of the core field inside the magnetic flux rope.
SADHANA: A Doubly Linked List-based Multidimensional Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework for Solving Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with Application to Astrophysical Hydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Bandopadhyay Somdeb , Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report the development of a nested block-structured adaptive mesh framework to solve multidimensional, time-dependent hyperbolic equations encountered in astrophysics. An approach based on a tabular list is used to construct variants of Hilbert space-filling curves in an iterative fashion to maintain the connectivity of locally refined mesh configurations using a doubly linked list. Modifications are made to conventional boundaries of computational blocks to aid the adaptive mesh. We also describe a well-defined, computationally efficient data structure to hold self-similar mesh units for this purpose. The flexibility of this code is demonstrated by the performance of various Riemann solvers implemented in this computational framework.
Detection of δ Scuti Pulsators in the Eclipsing Binaries Observed by TESS
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Ding Xu , Cheng Liantao , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Yan , Ji Kaifan , Xiong Jianping , Li Xuzhi , Luo Changqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on 2 minute cadence TESS data from sectors 1–50, we report the results of the systematic extraction of δ Scuti–type pulsations in the 6431 eclipsing binaries with orbital periods shorter than 13 days. A total number of 242 pulsators were found in those systems, including 143 new discoveries. We examined their pulsation properties based on the H-R diagram and the relationships between the dominant pulsation period P
dom, orbital period P
orb, and effective temperature T
eff. As a consequence, 216 targets are likely δ Scuti stars (123 new), 11 likely γ Doradus–δ Scuti hybrid stars (8 new), 5 likely β Cephei stars (4 new), 4 likely δ Scuti–γ Doradus hybrid stars (3 new), 3 likely Maia stars (3 new), 2 likely pulsating red giants (1 new), and a new unclassified star. As for the six new δ Scuti pulsators in eclipsing binaries with P
orb < 0.65 days, we found that three of them significantly exceed the upper limits of the P
dom/P
orb ratio. This may indicate that P
dom and P
orb are uncorrelated for them. Finally, we statistically analyzed the dominant pulsation periods of the 216 δ Scuti stars in eclipsing binaries. Those stars concentrate around 225 μHz and the proportion of stars in the high-frequency region is significantly higher than that of single stars, which could be ascribed to the mass-transfer process.
Hyperopic shift during subjective refraction under dim illumination
Authors: Chaurasiya Ritesh K. , Goswami Sarbojeet 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare subjective refraction under two lighting conditions to understand whether illumination affects the correction of myopia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, comparative study that was carried out on 33 myopic patients with corrected visual acuity of both eyes of 1.0 or better (in decimal unit). The included patients had a refractive error greater than −1.50 D. Examinations were carried out under two levels of lighting conditions. The patients underwent objective refraction followed by subjective refraction, pupil diameter measurement, visual acuity assessment, and intraocular pressure measurement.

Results
The mean subjective refraction under room illumination at 2, 4, and 6 m was −0.65, −0.48, and +0.29 D, respectively, compared with −0.42, +0.39, and +0.60 D without room illumination, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between mean value of subjective refractions under the two lighting conditions at 4 m (P=0.00) and 6 m (P=0.00). However, the mean subjective refraction at the distance of 2 m was not statistically significantly different between the two lighting conditions (P=0.25). At 2 m, the pupil size and subjective refraction did not show significant differences under both lighting conditions (with and without room illumination).

Conclusion
There was a hyperopic refractive shift during subjective refraction in dim illumination, which may cause undercorrection of myopia that may trigger myopia progression.
Corneal endothelial evaluation after phacoemulsification in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Fahmy Ramage A. , Mohamed Genidy Mahmoud M. , Abdalla Raafat M.A. , Zein Hosny A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the corneal endothelial cell changes after phacoemulsification in patients with age-related cataract and pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome compared with control patients having age-related cataract using specular microscopy.

Patients and methods
In this prospective interventional case–control study, 20 eyes with cataract and PEX and 20 control eyes with cataract without PEX were subjected to phacoemulsification and posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation at Minia University Hospital and Genaidy Eye Center, Minia, Egypt, between March 2019 and December 2020. Specular microscopy was done preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation, hexagonality (HEX%), pleomorphism, and corneal thickness were evaluated and compared between PEX and control eyes.

Results
The median best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from a preoperative value of 0.3 in both groups to 0.5 and 0.6 in PEX and control groups, respectively, at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P<0.001). In patients with PEX, the preoperative median ECD significantly decreased from 2790.5 cells/mm2 to 2387 at 3 months (P<0.001) and to 2380 cells/mm2 at 6 months (P<0.001). In the control group, the preoperative median ECD significantly decreased from 2599 to 2364 cells/mm2 at 3 months (P<0.001) and to 2353 cells/mm2 at 6 months (P<0.001). There was a statistically insignificant difference between the two groups regarding the preoperative and third and sixth postoperative month ECD (P=0.499, 0.850, and 0.860, respectively). The median of HEX% decreased significantly in the PEX eyes from a preoperative value of 45.5 to 39% at 3 months (P<0.001) and to 38% at 6 months (P<0.001). In the control eyes, the HEX% decreased significantly from a preoperative value of 42 to 38.5% at 3 months (P=0.009) and to 37% at 6 months (P<0.012). There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values of the coefficient of variation % in either group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups either before or after surgery in the central corneal thickness.

Conclusion
Although the percentage of reduction in ECD was more in the PEX eyes compared with the control eyes after phacoemulsification, there was no statistically significant difference in most of the studied parameters between the two groups.
Efficacy of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy in prolonging survival of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Schoch Armelle , Lisotti Andrea , Walter Thomas , Fumex Fabien , Leblanc Sarah , Artru Pascal , Desramé Jérôme , Brighi Nicole , Marsot Julien , Souquet Jean-Christophe , Napoléon Bertrand 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
The background of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients treated with EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS).

Methods:
All patients with pCCA who underwent EUS-HGS from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome was clinical success; the secondary outcomes were technical success, adverse events (AEs), stent patency, and oncological outcomes. Cox proportional-hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier curves were analyzed to identify variables related to survival.

Results:
Thirty-four patients (50% females, 76 years old) were included; 24 (70.6%) presented with distant metastasis. Indications for EUS-HGS were ERCP failure (64.7%), duodenal stricture (23.5%), postsurgical anatomy (5.9%), and dilation limited to the left intrahepatic duct (5.9%). The technical success rate was 97.1%. The clinical success rate was 64.7%. Nine (26.5%) presented AEs, 2 fatal (bleeding and leakage). The overall survival was 91 (31-263) days. On multivariate analysis, EUS-HGS clinical success (Exp[b]: 0.23 [0.09-0.60]; P = 0.003) and chemotherapy (Exp[b]: 0.06 [0.02-0.23]; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with survival. The survival was longer in patients who achieved EUS-HGS clinical success (178[61-393] vs. 15[73-24] days; hazard ratio: 6.3; P < 0.001) and in those starting chemotherapy (324[178-439] vs. 31 [9-48]; hazard ratio: 1.2; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
EUS-HGS is effective in pCCA patients despite a not negligible AE rate. Clinical success, potentially leading to jaundice resolution and chemotherapy start, significantly improves survival.
Feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic reintervention after covered metal stent placement for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy: A multicenter experience
Authors: Minaga Kosuke , Kitano Masayuki , Uenoyama Yoshito , Hatamaru Keiichi , Shiomi Hideyuki , Ikezawa Kenji , Miyagahara Tsukasa , Imai Hajime , Fujimori Nao , Matsumoto Hisakazu , Shimokawa Yuzo , Masuda Atsuhiro , Takenaka Mamoru , Kudo Masatoshi , Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Although the use of a long metal stent is favored for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) for the relief of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), endoscopic reintervention (E-RI) at the time of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) is challenging due to a long intragastric portion. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of E-RI after a long partially covered metal stent (L-PCMS) placement during EUS-HGS.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a multicenter retrospective study between January 2015 and December 2019 examining patients with MBO who underwent E-RI for RBO through the EUS-HGS route after the L-PCMS placement. Technical and clinical success rates, details of E-RI, adverse events (AEs), stent patency, and survival time were evaluated.

Results:
Thirty-three patients at eight referral centers in Japan who underwent E-RI through the EUS-HGS route were enrolled. The location of MBO was distal in 54.5%. The median intragastric length of the L-PCMS was 5 cm. As the first E-RI attempt, E-RI via the distal end of the existing L-PCMS was successful in 60.6%. The overall technical and clinical success rates of E-RI were 100% and 81.8%, respectively. Liver abscess was noted in one patient. A proximal biliary stricture was associated with the clinical ineffectiveness of E-RI in multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 12.5, P = 0.04). The median survival and stent patency duration after E-RI were 140 and 394 days, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our study findings suggest that E-RI for RBO after EUS-HGS with a L-PCMS is technically feasible and clinically effective, without any severe AEs, especially for patients with distal MBO.
Incidental finding of paradental cyst in the maxillary anterior teeth during immediate implant placement
Authors: Rodrigues Phebie Asta , Subramanya Ashwin Parakkaje , Prabhuji MLV , Vardhan Karthikeyan Bangalore 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Paradental cyst is classified as an inflammatory cyst, and its occurrence in the anterior maxillary region is very rare. Several hypotheses have been put forward on the etiopathogenesis among which the formation of cyst secondary to inflammatory destruction of the periodontium and alveolar bone can be attributed to the present case. A 26-year-old male patient reported with loosened maxillary anterior teeth. After clinical and radiological examination, extraction of teeth #12, #11, #21, and #22 followed with immediate implant placement was planned. During extraction of #21, incidentally, a cyst was noted to be attached to the apices of #21 tooth. Implants were placed at #12, #11, and #22 sites, and socket of #21 was debrided thoroughly, followed by the placement of graft. A histopathological study of the cyst revealed it to be a paradental cyst. The patient was followed up for 6 months, and no recurrence of cystic lesion was noted. When immediate implant placement is being planned, considerations to the periodontal and periapical disease status of the teeth being extracted are crucial to achieve better treatment outcomes.
To evaluate the effect of anodized dental implant surface on cumulative implant survival and success. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Husain Firasat , Gupta Shipra , Sood Shaveta , Bhaskar Nandini , Jain Ashish 
Published: December 2022

Background:
There have been certain apprehensions regarding the use of surface-modified dental implants due to peri-implant infection and crestal bone loss over the years. Thus, this review aims to evaluate the long-term effect of anodized implant surface on cumulative implant survival (CSR) and success rates in relation to marginal bone loss (MBL).

Materials and Methods:
Systematic electronic search was done using two databases, PubMed and Embase to assess the potentially relevant records from January 2008 to October 2019. Publications reporting cumulative survival and success rates with anodized dental implants were identified. Screening for duplicate articles and extraction of data was carried out to formulate evidence tables. Meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
Out of 217 observational clinical studies, 8 studies were selected based on predefined selection criteria. The summary estimate for the included studies for CSR was reported as 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96; 0.99). The heterogeneity (I2
= 37.3%) among these studies was found to be statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.1314). The mean values of MBL after the implant insertion were 0.84 mm at 0–1 year and 1.05mm by the end of follow-up period. This data were provided by five studies only. The mean difference of the analyzed studies came out to be 0.49 mm with a 95% CI (−0.22; 1.19).The heterogeneity (I
2 = 97%) for these studies was statistically significant with P < 0.01.

Conclusion:
The anodized dental implants have demonstrated long-term survival and success rates in terms of clinical outcomes.
Etiology of Acute Diarrheal Disease and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sanjaya K. , Shrestha Jasmin , Mason Carl J. , Sornsakrin Siriporn , Dhakhwa Jyoti Ratna , Shrestha Bhola Ram , Sakha Bina , Rana Jid Chani , Srijan Apichai , Serichantalergs Oralak , Sethabutr Orntipa , Demons Samandra , Bodhidatta Ladaporn 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited from two hospitals in Nepal— Bharatpur Hospital, Bharatpur, and Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu—in 2006 to 2009. Stool specimens collected from 1,200 children with acute diarrhea (cases) and 1,200 children without diarrhea (control subjects) were examined for a broad range of enteropathogens by standard microbiology, including microscopy, enzyme immunoassay for viral pathogens (adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica), as well as by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase for norovirus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Overall, rotavirus (22% versus 2%), norovirus (13% versus 7%), adenovirus (3% versus 0%), Shigella (6% versus 1%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (8% versus 4%), Vibrio (7% versus 0%), and Aeromonas (9% versus 3%) were identified significantly more frequently in cases than control subjects. Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, and diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative) were identified in similar proportions in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. Campylobacter was resistant to second-generation quinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), whereas Vibrio and Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This study documents the important role of rotavirus and norovirus in acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, followed by the bacteria Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and Aeromonas. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identify potential pathogens for public health interventions, whereas pathogen antibiotic resistance pattern data may provide guidance on choice of therapy in clinical settings.
CLAREAMENTO INTERNO EM DENTE TRAUMATIZADO: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Mileski Tamiris , Felix Beatriz Brugnara , Pini Nubia Inocêncya Pavesi , Lima Fernanda Ferruzzi , Mori Aline Akemi , Sundfeld Neto Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Dentes anteriores com alteração de cor podem ter relação com traumatismo, tendo em vista que após o acontecimento, os túbulos dentinários ficam impregnados de sangue, promovendo a pigmentação do elemento dentário. Neste trabalho, será relatada a resolução de um caso clínico em que o elemento dental encontrava-se com alteração de cor devido a um possível trauma. Após o tratamento endodôntico, foi realizada a técnica de clareamento interno mediata, usando-se de um gel clareador na cavidade dentária.
Neste método clareador, os cirurgiões-dentistas devem lidar com a expectativa dos pacientes, visto que não há como prever exatamente a coloração final; também há o risco de recidiva da cor. No caso clínico apontado neste trabalho, a paciente ficou satisfeita com o resultado obtido.