bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Lithium Plating/Stripping Behavior by a Composite Polymer Electrolyte Endowed with Designated Ion Channels
Authors: Hu Ajuan , Sun Zongqiang , Hou Qing , Duan Jianing , Li Chen , Dou Wenjie , Fan Jingmin , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe urgent demand for high energy and safety storage devices is pushing the development of lithium metal batteries. However, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth are still huge challenges for the practical use of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) endowed with designated ion channels is fabricated by constructing nanoscale Uio66‐NH2 layer, which has uniformly distributed pore structure to regulate reversible Li plating/stripping in lithium metal batteries. The regular channels within the Uio66‐NH2 layer work as an ion sieve to restrict larger TFSI− anions inside its channels and extract Li+ across selectively, which result in a high Li‐ion transference number () of 0.6. Moreover, CPE provides high ion conductivity (0.245 mS cm−1 at room temperature) and expanded oxidation window (5.1 V) and forms a stable SEI layer. As a result, the assembled lithium metal batteries with CPE exhibit outstanding cyclic stability and capacity retention. The Li/CPE/Li symmetric cell continues plating/stripping over 500 h without short‐circuiting. The Li/CPE/LFP cell delivers a reversible capacity of 149.3 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 99% after 100 cycles.
Differential fault analysis on the lightweight block cipher plug‐in plug‐out
Authors: Xiao Haiyan , Wang Lifang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, many lightweight block ciphers were proposed to provide security for resource‐constrained environments such as Internet of Things (IoT). PIPO, which stands for “plug‐in plug‐out”, is just a lightweight bit‐sliced block cipher offering excellent performance in 8‐bit AVR software implementations. In fact, PIPO owns 64‐bit input and output, 128‐bit secret key. In this article, we consider the differential fault analysis (DFA), a typical side‐channel attack, on the PIPO cipher. More concretely, for the first time, we apply the mixed attack model, which considers the DFA on the encryption state and key schedule simultaneously, to recover PIPO's 128‐bit master key. The theoretical analysis shows that, in average, after injecting 4‐byte faults, the complexity of obtaining the master key reduces from 2128 reduces to 214. In fact, this attack model alleviates the assumption on attacker than the bit‐injection case. It should be noted that our analysis also holds for other bit‐sliced block ciphers. Finally, the simulations show that our proposed DFA on PIPO cipher is rather practical.
High Amylose Corn Starch Gels—Investigation of the Supermolecular Structure
Authors: Ulbrich Marco , Scholz Fanni , Braun Burga , Bussert Robert , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAqueous gels based on two high amylose corn starch (HACS) genotypes with different amylose (AM) contents (HYLON V [HACS‐50] and HYLON VII [HACS‐70]) are prepared by gradation of the polymer concentration (6 and 9% w/w) and storage duration (1 and 14 days). The supermolecular structure of the wet gels is investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the dried starch gel material examines crystallographically using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and morphologically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular CLSM reveals that the gel structure shows changes with the storage time. XRD experiments reveal the existence of the B‐type crystalline structure as well as a remarkable portion of the V‐type, and higher crystallinity (Xc) is found after long‐term storage. Observation of the dried gel material's surface facilitates the assumption of a fractal‐based arrangement (structure of retrograded starch) within the starch gel network. The results are discussed closely with obtained data related to the molecular level of the gel matrix involved starch polymers, which are reported in previous publications.
Optimising inflammatory bowel disease surveillance and dysplasia management—Where do we stand?
Authors: Al Bakir Ibrahim , Kabir Misha , Yalchin Mehmet , Hart Ailsa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPatients with longstanding extensive colitis are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and are therefore enrolled into colonoscopy screening programmes with the aim of detecting pre‐cancerous dysplastic change. However, current surveillance programs face multiple limitations relating to low levels of patient enrolment, missed lesions resulting in interval cancers, and uncertainties in the management of dysplasia. Patient counselling regarding the endoscopic and surgical management options of dysplastic lesions can prove particularly challenging, due to the variable risk of progression to cancer. In this review, we discuss the histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)‐associated dysplasia, describe the techniques to maximise dysplasia detection, and present a standardised multi‐disciplinary approach to managing patients with dysplasia. The challenges presented by this patient cohort highlight the clear clinical need for further research into the development and validation of non‐invasive markers of CRC risk in IBD patients undergoing surveillance.
Treatment options, complications and long‐term outcomes for limb fractures in pet rabbits
Authors: Hetterich Johannes , Joos Diana , Beyerbach Martin , Cigler Pia , Hackenbroich Christian , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Müller Kerstin , Thöle Milena , Fehr Michael , Reuschel Maximilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimb fractures represent the most common orthopaedic disease in pet rabbits. However, only a few studies have evaluated therapeutic details of limb fractures. There are no data available for long‐term outcomes of limb fracture treatment.MethodsThe medical records of six institutions were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of traumatic limb bone fractures in pet rabbits between 1999 and 2020. The medical records (n = 387) were analysed for details of fracture prevalence, aetiology, therapy protocols, treatment complications, outcome and long‐term effects. In addition to the retrospective data evaluation, 13 rabbits were re‐evaluated in person in recent clinical analyses, including orthopaedic examination, radiography and computed‐tomographic imaging. Details of long‐term effects of fracture treatment were requested over the telephone for a further 232 animals using a standardised questionnaire.ResultsLong bone fractures accounted for the majority of all fractures (296/387; 76.5%). Hindlimb fractures (301/387; 77.7%) were more common than forelimb fractures (86/387; 22.2%), and tibial fractures and combined fractures of the tibia and fibula (119/387; 30.8%) were observed most frequently. Most fracture treatments were based on osteosynthesis procedures (243/328; 74.1%). Treatment complications occurred in 130 out of 328 (39.6%) cases. A high bodyweight (p = 0.047) and an older age (p = 0.01) were found to be significant risk factors for the emergence of therapy complications. Overall, 75.4% of animals (175/232) had a satisfactory long‐term outcome. Limb posture anomalies were evaluated in 61 cases (26.3%).LimitationsThe multi‐centre approach led to the inclusion of various institutions, veterinarians, treatment protocols and rabbit populations that might have influenced the results. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively, so there were some data that were lacking or could not be collected in a standardised manner. Furthermore, rabbit owners' evaluation of long‐term outcomes might be prone to error, despite the use of a standardised interview questionnaire.ConclusionLimb fractures are a common orthopaedic issue in pet rabbits. The patient's bodyweight and age are significant risk factors for the emergence of complications during the fracture treatment process. Long‐term orthopaedic effects, such as abnormal limb posture and permanent lameness of the affected limb, were observed regularly.
Succinate‐based plasticizers: Effect of plasticizer structure on the mechanical and thermal performance of poly(vinyl chloride) plastic formulations
Authors: Godbille‐Cardona Gabrielle , Nicell Jim A. , Marić Milan , Leask Richard L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new family of succinate‐based plasticizers, consisting of molecules with a linear alkyl chain capped with n‐alkyl succinates on both ends, was evaluated as potential bio‐based plasticizers for stiff polymers. The influence of the central and side alkyl chain lengths on the mechanical and thermal properties as well as the migration behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/plasticizer blends was evaluated. The central chain length had the greatest influence on plasticizer performance, with shorter chains leading to blends with higher stress at break and surface hardness, whereas long chains produced softer blends. An optimum chain central length of five carbon atoms was observed, with longer chains leading to reduced compatibility and exudation of the plasticizer at higher plasticizer concentrations. The entire family of plasticizers performed comparably or better than the commercial plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) when incorporated into the blend at concentrations of 20–60 parts per hundred resin (phr). Overall, the succinate‐based plasticizers/PVC blends all exhibited equal or improved tensile properties (by up to 77%), surface hardness (reduced by up to 43%), glass transition temperature (reduced by up to 11°C), and migration into organic media (reduced by up to 38%) when compared with blends with DEHP at 40 phr.
Attitudes Towards Older People in the Labour Market and in Politics: A Cross-National Comparison
Authors: Siemieńska Renata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to compare attitudes towards people over 70 as potential workers in the labour force in countries with different social welfare regimes, cultures, demographic and economic situations. Life course theory/perspective suggests a multidisciplinary paradigm. It suggests to examine how people live in different structural contexts and how economic, social and cultural changes influence attitudes towards older people and their presence in public life. The social context is defined in micro and macro scales (e.g. individual and family situations of persons in different stages of their life, their economic situation, occupational experience, social activities) within different societies. The basic assumption is that a particular life course stage of a person influences subsequent experiences and also attitudes towards seniors. As predicted age, gender, education, and life satisfaction are factors that differentiate attitudes. The differences found in 1990 are still observed to some extent in 2012. A significant proportion of respondents expect older people to withdraw to the private sphere. Some of them expect older people to be active in non-governmental organizations, informal assistance relationships, institutions established for older people which allow the needs of older people to be satisfied. In reality older people are kept on the margins of mainstream public life.The data of World Values Survey conducted in 2012 have been used in the analyses shown in the chapter. Eleven countries have been selected to show the situation in different countries with different history and welfare systems. The data are unique. The set of questions asked internationally in the wave of the study has not been included in the next waves of WVS. However, we may consider that the findings presented in the chapter are important for understanding the actual situation of older people, the perception of their social and cultural capital, the respondents’ willingness to see them as part of labour force and to be included in public life. The recent statistical data and reports show that older people are still poorly represented on decision-making positions in politics and economic institutions.
Massless scalars and higher-spin BMS in any dimension
Authors: Bekaert Xavier , Oblak Blagoje 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Starting from the asymptotic kinematics of massless scalar fields near null infinity in any spacetime dimension, we build two higher-spin extensions of the Carrollian definition of the BMS group and its generalisations. The first extension exhibits conformal properties reminiscent of the singleton in Anti-de Sitter space. The second acts on the space of radiative solutions of the d’Alembert equation, i.e. on Sachs’s representation of BMS, which we relate to the scalar massless Poincaré representation and extend to any Carrollian manifold. The corresponding enveloping algebra is a higher-spin extension of BMS that can be interpreted as the asymptotic symmetry of a putative exotic higher-spin gravity theory around Minkowski spacetime. Along the way, we provide a pedagogical introduction to Carrollian geometry and its relation to BMS.
BRST symmetry and the convolutional double copy
Authors: Godazgar Mahdi , Pope C. N. , Saha A. , Zhang Haoyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the results of Anastasiou et al., we consider the convolutional double copy for BRST and anti-BRST covariant formulations of gravitational and gauge theories in more detail. We give a general BRST and anti-BRST invariant formulation of linearised $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 supergravity using superspace methods and show how this may be obtained from the square of linearised Yang-Mills theories. We demonstrate this relation for the Schwarzschild black hole and the ten-dimensional black string solution as two concrete examples.
Symptomatik einer akuten SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bei Kindern im Kita-Alter
Authors: Wurm Juliane , Lehfeld Ann-Sophie , Varnaccia Gianni , Iwanowski Helena , Finkel Bianca , Schienkiewitz Anja , Perlitz Hanna , Loer Anne-Kathrin Mareike , Wess Barbara , Franke Andrea , Hüther Antje , Kuttig Tim , Sandoni Anna , Kubisch Ulrike , Jordan Susanne , Haas Walter , Buchholz Udo , Loss Julika 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Symptomatik einer pädiatrischen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion ist sehr variabel. Es gibt nur wenige Studien zu nichthospitalisierten Kindern bzw. Kindern im Kita-Alter.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Arbeit soll die Häufigkeit verschiedener COVID-19-Symptome bei ein- bis 6‑jährigen Kindern beschreiben. Sie führt dazu Daten aus 2 Modulen der Corona-KiTa-Studie zusammen: 1) das Modul „COALA“ – Corona: Anlassbezogene Untersuchungen in Kitas und 2) das Modul „CATS“ – Corona KiTa Surveillance (Meldedaten).

Material und Methoden
In COALA wurden die Infektionsgeschehen in 30 Kitas, in denen ein SARS-CoV-2-Fall gemeldet wurde, untersucht (Oktober 2020 bis Juni 2021). Kita-Kinder wurden prospektiv über 12 Tage beobachtet (SARS-CoV-2-Tests, Symptomtagebuch). Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Symptomangaben der deutschlandweit gemeldeten SARS-CoV-2-Fälle (Meldedaten) verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Aus den teilnehmenden Kitas liegen für 289 Kinder Angaben vor. Von 39 Kindern mit SARS-CoV‑2 (Wildtyp, α‑Variante) hatten 64 % mindestens ein Symptom, von den nicht mit SARS-CoV‑2 infizierten Kindern 40 %. In beiden Gruppen war Schnupfen das häufigste Symptom (36 % vs. 25 %, n. s.). Aus den Meldedaten liegen für 84.371 Kinder klinische Informationen vor, Fieber war am häufigsten (27 %), neben Schnupfen (26 %). Schwere Beschwerden wie z. B. Atemnot wurden in den Ausbruchsuntersuchungen und in den Meldedaten nur selten angegeben (3 % bzw. 1 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Kinder im Kita-Alter haben meist milde bzw. asymptomatische Verläufe einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Ihre Symptome ähneln denjenigen von nicht mit SARS-CoV‑2 infizierten Kindern aus denselben Kitas. Es erscheint sinnvoll, Erkenntnisse aus den Meldedaten durch Ausbruchsuntersuchungen zu ergänzen, um methodische Limitationen der einzelnen Vorgehensweisen auszugleichen.
Upper and lower bounds for the Dunkl heat kernel
Authors: Dziubański Jacek , Hejna Agnieszka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn $$\mathbb R^N$$

R
N

equipped with a normalized root system R, a multiplicity function $$k(\alpha ) > 0$$

k
(
α
)
>
0

, and the associated measure $$\begin{aligned} dw(\mathbf{x})=\prod _{\alpha \in R}|\langle \mathbf{x},\alpha \rangle |^{{k(\alpha )}}\, d\mathbf{x}, \end{aligned}$$

d
w

(
x
)

=

∏

α
∈
R

|

⟨
x
,
α
⟩

|

k
(
α
)

d
x
,

let $$h_t(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$$

h
t

(
x
,
y
)

denote the heat kernel of the semigroup generated by the Dunkl Laplace operator $$\Delta _k$$

Δ
k

. Let $$d(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})=\min _{{g}\in G} \Vert \mathbf{x}-{g}(\mathbf{y})\Vert $$

d

(
x
,
y
)

=

min

g
∈
G

‖
x
-
g

(
y
)

‖

, where G is the reflection group associated with R. We derive the following upper and lower bounds for $$h_t(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$$

h
t

(
x
,
y
)

: for all $$c_l>1/4$$

c
l

>
1
/
4

and $$0<c_u<1/4$$

0
<

c
u

<
1
/
4

there are constants $$C_l,C_u>0$$

C
l

,

C
u

>
0

such that $$\begin{aligned} C_{l}w(B(\mathbf {x},\sqrt{t}))^{-1}e^{-c_{l}\frac{d(\mathbf {x},\mathbf {y})^2}{t}} \Lambda (\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},t) \le h_t(\mathbf {x},\mathbf {y}) \le C_{u}w(B(\mathbf {x},\sqrt{t}))^{-1}e^{-c_{u}\frac{d(\mathbf {x},\mathbf {y})^2}{t}} \Lambda (\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},t), \end{aligned}$$

C
l

w

(
B

(
x
,

t

)

)

-
1

e

-

c
l

d

(
x
,
y
)

2

t

Λ

(
x
,
y
,
t
)

≤

h
t

(
x
,
y
)

≤

C
u

w

(
B

(
x
,

t

)

)

-
1

e

-

c
u

d

(
x
,
y
)

2

t

Λ

(
x
,
y
,
t
)

,

where $$\Lambda (\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},t)$$

Λ
(
x
,
y
,
t
)

can be expressed by means of some rational functions of $$\Vert \mathbf{x}-{g}(\mathbf{y})\Vert /\sqrt{t}$$

‖
x
-
g

(
y
)

‖
/

t

. An exact formula for $$\Lambda (\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},t)$$

Λ
(
x
,
y
,
t
)

is provided.
“Leave your smartphone out of bed”: quantitative analysis of smartphone use effect on sleep quality
Authors: Kheirinejad Saba , Visuri Aku , Ferreira Denzil , Hosio Simo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSmartphones have become an integral part of people’s everyday lives. Smartphones are used across all household locations, including in the bed at night. Smartphone screens and other displays emit blue light, and exposure to blue light can affect one’s sleep quality. Thus, smartphone use prior to bedtime could disrupt the quality of one’s sleep, but research lacks quantitative studies on how smartphone use can influence sleep. This study combines smartphone application use data from 75 participants with sleep data collected by a wearable ring. On average, the participants used their smartphones in bed for 322.8 s (5 min and 22.8 s), with an IQR of 43.7–456. Participants spent an average of 42% of their time in bed using their smartphones (IQR of 5.87–55.5%). Our findings indicate that smartphone use in bed has significant adverse effects on sleep latency, awake time, average heart rate, and HR variability. We also find that smartphone use does not decrease sleep quality when used outside of bed. Our results indicate that intense smartphone use alone does not negatively affect well-being. Since all smartphone users do not use their phones in the same way, extending the investigation to different smartphone use types might yield more information than general smartphone use. In conclusion, this paper presents the first investigation of the association between smartphone application use logs and detailed sleep metrics. Our work also validates previous research results and highlights emerging future work.
Link between structural risk factors for adverse impacts of COVID-19 and food insecurity in developed and developing countries
Authors: Marti Luisa , Puertas Rosa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has had serious consequences for world food security; lockdowns and social distancing have led to changes in global food value chains, primarily affecting the poorest of the planet. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between food insecurity and the structural risk factors for adverse impacts of COVID-19. To that end, 12 contingency tables are constructed to identify the association between the pillars of the food insecurity index and the INFORM COVID-19 Risk Index. We use the Gamma coefficient as a measure of association. In addition, this paper proposes a synthetic index produced by applying the TOPSIS method, using the pillars of the two aforementioned indices (criteria) to establish a ranking of 112 countries (alternatives) ordered from highest to lowest risk faced in the key year of the pandemic, 2020. The results show that the two problems are connected, indicating to international organizations that countries with worse food insecurity will suffer more serious consequences from extreme situations such as the one experienced during the pandemic. The ranking established directs international organizations' attention to countries such as Haiti, Zambia and Burundi, highlighting their greater need for an injection of financial aid than other emerging economies. Conversely, Switzerland is the country with the lowest combined risk.
Law as Counterspeech
Authors: Silva Anjalee de , Simpson Robert Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA growing body of work in free speech theory is interested in the nature of counterspeech, i.e. speech that aims to counteract the effects of harmful speech. Counterspeech is usually defined in opposition to legal responses to harmful speech, which try to prevent such speech from occurring in the first place. In this paper we challenge this way of carving up the conceptual terrain. Instead, we argue that our main classificatory division, in theorising responses to harmful speech, should be between pro-discursive and anti-discursive responses. Some legal responses to harmful speech, so we argue, make a positive discursive contribution in their own right. That is, legal restrictions on harmful speech can have a function that is importantly similar to speech that aims at countering the effects of harmful speech.
Comparison of Semantic Similarity Models on Constrained Scenarios
Authors: Teixeira Rafael , Antunes Mário , Gomes Diogo , Aguiar Rui L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe technological world has grown by incorporating billions of small sensing devices, collecting and sharing large amounts of diversified data over the new generation of wireless and mobile networks. We can use semantic similarity models to help organize and optimize these devices. Even so, many of the proposed semantic similarity models do not consider the constrained and dynamic environments where these devices are present (IoT, edge computing, 5g, and next-generation networks). In this paper, we review the commonly used models, discuss the limitations of our previous model, and explore latent space methods (through matrix factorization) to reduce noise and correct the model profiles with no additional data. The new proposal is evaluated with corpus-based state-of-the-art approaches achieving competitive results while having four times faster training time than the next fastest model and occupying 36 times less disk space than the next smallest model.
Likelihoodism and Guidance for Belief
Authors: Tokhadze Tamaz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLikelihoodism is the view that the degree of evidential support should be analysed and measured in terms of likelihoods alone. The paper considers and responds to a popular criticism that a likelihoodist framework is too restrictive to guide belief. First, I show that the most detailed and rigorous version of this criticism, as put forward by Gandenberger (2016), is unsuccessful. Second, I provide a positive argument that a broadly likelihoodist framework can accommodate guidance for comparative belief, even when objectively well-grounded prior probabilities are not available. As I show, the shift from non-relational to comparative probabilities opens up a new space for addressing the belief guidance problem for likelihoodism.