bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mega‐disturbances cause rapid decline of mature conifer forest habitat in California
Authors: Steel Zachary L. , Jones Gavin M. , Collins Brandon M. , Green Rebecca , Koltunov Alexander , Purcell Kathryn L. , Sawyer Sarah C. , Slaton Michèle R. , Stephens Scott L. , Stine Peter , Thompson Craig 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMature forests provide important wildlife habitat and support critical ecosystem functions globally. Within the dry conifer forests of the western United States, past management and fire exclusion have contributed to forest conditions that are susceptible to increasingly severe wildfire and drought. We evaluated declines in conifer forest cover in the southern Sierra Nevada of California during a decade of record disturbance by using spatially comprehensive forest structure estimates, wildfire perimeter data, and the eDaRT forest disturbance tracking algorithm. Primarily due to the combination of wildfires, drought, and drought‐associated beetle epidemics, 30% of the region's conifer forest extent transitioned to nonforest vegetation during 2011–2020. In total, 50% of mature forest habitat and 85% of high density mature forests either transitioned to lower density forest or nonforest vegetation types. California spotted owl protected activity centers (PAC) experienced greater canopy cover decline (49% of 2011 cover) than non‐PAC areas (42% decline). Areas with high initial canopy cover and without tall trees were most vulnerable to canopy cover declines, likely explaining the disproportionate declines of mature forest habitat and within PACs. Drought and beetle attack caused greater cumulative declines than areas where drought and wildfire mortality overlapped, and both types of natural disturbance far outpaced declines attributable to mechanical activities. Drought mortality that disproportionately affects large conifers is particularly problematic to mature forest specialist species reliant on large trees. However, patches of degraded forests within wildfire perimeters were larger with greater core area than those outside burned areas, and remnant forest habitats were more fragmented within burned perimeters than those affected by drought and beetle mortality alone. The percentage of mature forest that survived and potentially benefited from lower severity wildfire increased over time as the total extent of mature forest declined. These areas provide some opportunity for improved resilience to future disturbances, but strategic management interventions are likely also necessary to mitigate worsening mega‐disturbances. Remaining dry mature forest habitat in California may be susceptible to complete loss in the coming decades without a rapid transition from a conservation paradigm that attempts to maintain static conditions to one that manages for sustainable disturbance dynamics.
Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales
Authors: Genung Mark A. , Reilly James , Williams Neal M. , Buderi Andrew , Gardner Joel , Winfree Rachael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiodiversity promotes ecosystem function (EF) in experiments, but it remains uncertain how biodiversity loss affects function in larger‐scale natural ecosystems. In these natural ecosystems, rare and declining species are more likely to be lost, and function needs to be maintained across space and time. Here, we explore the importance of rare and declining bee species to the pollination of three wildflowers and three crops using large‐scale (72 sites across 5000 km2), multi‐year datasets. Half of the sampled bee species (82/164) were rare or declining, but these species provided only ~15% of overall pollination. To determine the number of species important to EF, we used two methods of “scaling up,” both of which have previously been used for biodiversity‐function analysis. First, we summed bee species' contributions to pollination across space and time and then found the minimum set of species needed to provide a threshold level of function across all sites; according to this method, effectively no rare and declining bee species were important to pollination. Second, we account for the “insurance value” of biodiversity by finding the minimum set of bee species needed to simultaneously provide a threshold level of function at each site in each year. The second method leads to the conclusion that 25 rare and eight declining bee species (36% and 53% of all rare and declining bee species, respectively) are included in the minimum set. Our findings provide some of the strongest evidence yet that rare and declining species are key to meeting threshold levels of EF, thereby providing a more direct link between real‐world biodiversity loss and EF.
Structures and Applications of NIR‐II AIEgens Containing Benzobisthiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Qing , Xu Xiao‐Yu , Cao Shu‐Qiang , Zou You‐Quan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAIEgens fluorescent molecular probes in the NIR‐II window have attracted much attention owning to their deep penetration, reduction of tissue absorption and scattering, excellent photostability, and low cytotoxicity. Among them, as strong electron‐absorbing group, benzobisthiadiazole derivatives are widely used in the construction of various NIR‐II AIEgens materials. In this review, we concluded AIEgens nanoprobes bearing benzobisthiadiazole derivatives in the NIR‐II region. Beginning with a summary of molecular design, recent advances in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy as well as insights and challenges in this thriving field were discussed. We expect that this review will provide perspectives on the potential applications of benzobisthiadiazole‐based NIR‐II AIEgens nanoprobes in biomedical field and inspire more creative progresses in this research discipline to facilitate the investigation in future clinical translation.
Seismic performance of interior beam‐column joints using reinforced slag‐based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Mao Yuguang , Du Yunxing , Hwang Hyeon‐Jong , Su Jie , Hu Xiang , Liu Yuzhong , Shi Caijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough geopolymer concrete (GC) is recognized as a green and low‐carbon material, GC structural members, particularly beam‐column joints, have been rarely studied. In the present study, eight reinforced GC joints and three reinforced concrete (RC) interior beam‐column joints were tested under cyclic loading. The test parameters were the concrete type, joint shear demand‐to‐capacity ratio, and axial‐compression ratio. The structural performance, including the failure mode, crack development, cyclic behavior of reinforced GC beam‐column joints, was evaluated. The test results showed that the cyclic behavior and crack development of the reinforced GC beam‐column joints differed from those of RC beam‐column joints. The increase of axial compression ratio improved the seismic performance of reinforced GC beam‐column joints with the joint shear demand‐to‐capacity ratio of 0.96–1.01. When the joint shear demand‐to‐capacity ratio was 1.54–1.61, the increase of axial compression ratio (0.1–0.3) improved the seismic performance, while the axial compression ratio of 0.5 was unfavorable because of significant joint shear damage. The applicability of the control conditions in the current design codes to the reinforced GC joints was evaluated. The control conditions of ACI 318–19 were applicable to the seismic design of reinforced GC beam‐column joints. On the other hand, the control conditions of GB50010‐2010 were not applicable because of the overestimated upper limit value of the joint shear demand‐to‐capacity ratio and axial compression ratio.
Using the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Cell Line AmE-711 to Evaluate Insecticide Toxicity
Authors: Goblirsch Michael , Adamczyk John J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the main contributors to poor productivity and elevated mortality of honey bee colonies globally is insecticide exposure. Whole-organism and colony-level studies have demonstrated the effects of insecticides on many aspects of honey bee biology and have also shown their interactions with pathogens. However, there is a need for in vitro studies using cell lines to provide greater illumination of the effects of insecticides on honey bee cellular and molecular processes. We used a continuous cell line established from honey bee embryonic tissues (AmE-711) in assays that enabled assessment of cell viability in response to insecticide exposure. We exposed AmE-711 cells to four formulations, each containing a different insecticide. Treatment of cells with the insecticides resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in viability after a 24-h exposure, whereas long-term exposure (120 h) to sublethal concentrations had limited effects on viability. The 24-h exposure data allowed us to predict the half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) for each insecticide using a four-parameter logistical model. We then exposed cells for 12 h to the predicted LC50 and observed changes in morphology that would indicate stress and death. Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis corroborated changes in morphology: expression of a cellular stress response gene, 410087a, increased after an 18-h exposure to the predicted LC50. Demonstration of the effects of insecticides through use of AmE-711 provides a foundation for additional research addressing issues specific to honey bee toxicology and complements whole-organism and colony-level approaches. Moreover, advances in the use of AmE-711 in high-throughput screening and in-depth analysis of cell regulatory networks will promote the discovery of novel control agents with decreased negative impacts on honey bees. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:88–99. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Making the Invisible Visible? Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Detect Indirect Toxicant Effects
Authors: Bollinger Eric , Zubrod Jochen P. , Englert Dominic , Pollitt Annika , Fuß Bastian , Schulz Ralf , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although stable isotope analysis (SIA) is widely used to address ecological research questions, its application in an ecotoxicological context has been limited. Recent studies have proposed an effect of chemical stressors on an organism's isotope signature, questioning the use of SIA in food webs impacted by toxicants. Against this background, the present study investigates 1) whether trophic enrichment factors (TEFs; i.e., the offset in stable isotope signatures of a consumer to its diet) are altered by the neonicotinoid thiacloprid, and 2) whether tracking toxicant effects on an organism's diet composition (i.e., indirect effect) with SIA fits direct observations of consumption. To address the former, the amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Koch) was exposed to three levels (0, 0.75, and 5 µg L–1) of thiacloprid and fed with either black alder leaves or Baetis rhodani (Pictet) larvae over 6 weeks (n = 35). The thiacloprid-induced changes in TEFs that we found were statistically significant but small compared with other factors (e.g., resource quality, consumer, and physiological condition) and thus likely of minor importance. To address the latter issue, gammarids were exposed to two levels of thiacloprid (0 and 0.75 µg L–1) and fed with either black alder leaves, live B. rhodani larvae, or both over 2 weeks (n = 10). Dietary proportions as suggested by SIA were indeed in agreement with those derived from direct observation of consumption. The present study consequently suggests that SIA is as a robust tool to detect indirect toxicant effects especially if TEFs are assessed in parallel. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1937–1945. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Development and validation of Navier–Stokes characteristic boundary conditions applied to turbomachinery simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Gianoli Thomas , Boussuge Jean‐François , Sagaut Pierre , de Laborderie Jérôme 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article reports a procedure to implement as well as to validate non‐reflecting boundary conditions applied for turbomachinery simulations, using Navier–Stokes characteristic boundary conditions in a compressible lattice Boltzmann solver. The implementation of both an inlet condition imposing total pressure, total temperature, and flow angles, as well as an outlet condition imposing a static pressure profile that allows the simulation to reach a simplified radial equilibrium, is described within the context of a lattice Boltzmann approach. The treatment at the boundaries relies on the characteristic methodology to derive conditions which are non‐reflecting in terms of acoustics and is also compatible with turbulence injection at the inlet. These properties are evaluated on test cases of increasing complexity, ranging from a simple 2D periodic domain to an S‐duct stage with turbulence injection.
Serum keratin‐18 detects hepatic inflammation and predicts progression in compensated alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Thorhauge Katrine Holtz , Thiele Maja , Detlefsen Sönke , Rasmussen Ditlev Nytoft , Johansen Stine , Madsen Bjørn Stæhr , Antonsen Steen , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Lindvig Katrine Prier , Krag Aleksander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alcohol‐associated liver fibrosis accumulates over decades, driven by hepatic inflammation and cell death. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of keratin‐18 degradation, measured using serum M30 and M65 levels, and the ActiTest for hepatic inflammatory activity in patients with compensated alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic accuracy of markers for liver‐related events and all‐cause mortality. All findings were compared with routine liver function tests: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma‐glutamyltransferase. Our prospective, biopsy‐controlled, single‐center study included 265 patients with ongoing or prior excessive alcohol intake, representing the full spectrum of compensated ALD. We defined hepatic inflammatory activity as a combined score of lobular inflammation and ballooning. For severe hepatic inflammatory activity (n = 40), we found excellent diagnostic accuracy for M30 (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC] = 0.90), M65 (AUROC = 0.86), and AST (AUROC = 0.86). Elevated M30 (M30 > 240 U/L) had the highest positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity, significantly higher than M65, ActiTest and ALT, but not AST (M30: sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 82%, positive predictive value = 45%, negative predictive value = 95%). Patients were followed up for 1445 patient‐years. All markers, except for ALT, significantly predicted liver‐related events and all‐cause mortality. After adjusting for advanced fibrosis, drinking behavior and body mass index, M30 and M65 remained significant predictors of liver‐related events, whereas M30 and AST were significant predictors of all‐cause mortality. Conclusion: M30 and AST accurately detect severe hepatic inflammatory activity in patients with compensated ALD. M30 was the only significant predictor of both liver‐related events and all‐cause mortality after adjusting for advanced fibrosis, body mass index, and drinking behavior at inclusion.
Computational analysis and heat transfer on MHD transient‐free convection flow in a vertical microporous channel in the existence of Hall and ion slip current
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Malgwi Peter B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis investigation presents an analysis of the transient magnetohydrodynamic flow of Newtonian viscous fluid in a vertical microporous channel with the inclusion of ion slip‐Hall current as well as an induced magnetic field (IMF) effects. Owing to the nature of the flow equations which are difficult to obtain an analytical result, a numerical scheme (PDEPE) based on finite difference approximation is adopted in solving the governing dimensional partial differential equation. The active influence of different flow parameters on velocity and IMF along the main flow and induced flow directions are visualized. Furthermore, variations of shear stress and induced current density are also presented in tabular form for active nondimensional flow quantities and later on analyzed. To establish the validity of the results obtained in this computation, values for velocity and IMF in this analysis were correlated with the steady‐state existing benchmark when the values of nondimensional time are considered large. Significant results from the analysis show that at the transient time and in the simultaneous occurrence of suction/injection at the microchannel walls, higher values of ion slip current have no considerable influence on flow formation along the primary flow direction, whereas an oscillatory phenomenon is observed along the secondary flow direction. It is also significant to note that at a transient time, magnetic induction could be improved or controlled by choosing favorable values of the suction/injection parameter.
Impact of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction on oscillatory MHD convective flow of a viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium in a slip flow regime
Authors: Das Nabanita , Taid Bijoy K. , Ahmed Nazibuddin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current investigation is to analyze the influence of thermal diffusion on magnetohydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow with concurrent heat and mass transfer near an oscillating porous plate in a slip flow Regime under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. The uniqueness of the present study is to examine the effects of viscoelastic property (Walters B' model) on the flow and heat transfer phenomena when a transverse magnetic field and time‐dependent fluctuating suction at the boundary surface are present in a porous medium with a uniform porous matrix. A regular perturbation technique is used to solve the governing equations for small elastic parameters. Graphical representations are used to show how different parameters affect skin friction, temperature, concentration, and velocity. It is observed that concentration distribution as well as the coefficient of friction is enhanced due to the thermal diffusion effect. It is noticed that the visco‐elastic parameters reduce the velocity of the fluid. In addition, chemical reactions and suction factors cause the flow field's temperature to drop. Furthermore, the fluid concentration drops under the chemical reaction effect.
Experimental study of the effect of fuel types on the performance of spark ignition engine
Authors: Zainal Omer A. , Ismael Abbas M. , Jalal Rawand E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferent fuels are being used daily in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq for operating vehicles with spark‐ignition internal combustion engines. Aiming to address the effects of these fuels on both engines and the environment, this work conducts an experimental study where a single‐cylinder, four‐stroke small spark ignition engine is employed. Three types of benzene with different octane ratings (low with an additive [85.8%], medium [89.2%], and high [95.6%]) are utilized in the study as they are the most consumed fuel in the area of the study. Moreover, the low‐octane fuel will be addressed with a commercial additive. In addition to engine performance, the exhaust gases and sound levels are analyzed as well. Through the outcomes, it is observed that the fuel with higher octane numbers relatively produces better engine performance and pollution. At normal engine speed, the fuel with a medium octane rating, however, has close engine performance results but with worse pollution effects. On the other hand, the engine fails to start with low‐octane fuel without the additive. The additive improves the engine performance with the low octane fuel and surprisingly produces fewer pollution gases than the fuel with medium octane number. However, the engine still behaves worse than with the other fuels at normal engine speed.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Rearrangement and Cycloisomerization Reactions Toward Hedonic Materials
Authors: Martinaux Philippe , Laher Romain , Marin Christophe , Michelet Véronique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last century, the fragrance industry had relied on the synthetic chemists for the development of new odors, but also for the replacement of some known materials due to allergy or toxicity. Transition metal‐catalyzed transformations have allowed atom economy and synthetic efficiency for several transformations and they caught the attention of fragrance industrials. The metal‐catalyzed cyclization reactions have been particularly successful toward the synthesis of key skeletons. This review highlights the developments of selected hedonic materials according to transition metal‐catalyzed according to cycloisomerization reactions and related rearrangements.
Metastatic small‐cell carcinoma of the bladder that maintains a complete response to chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Miyazaki Shinya , Ueda Takashi , Tamai Ryosuke , Ueno Akihisa , Nakamura Terukazu 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionSmall‐cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder has a poor prognosis, and no standard treatment has been established. We encountered a case of a patient with metastasis in which complete response and long‐term survival were obtained by treating the primary lesion with a combination of irinotecan, carboplatin chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.Case presentationAn 83‐year‐old man was diagnosed with a bladder tumor with liver metastasis. Small‐cell carcinoma was diagnosed via transurethral resection. Second‐line chemotherapy with irinotecan and carboplatin and irradiation of the primary lesion were significantly effective. The imaging evaluation showed a complete response. The therapeutic effect was maintained for 1 year, even after the discontinuation of chemotherapy.ConclusionIrinotecan and carboplatin should be considered for the treatment of small‐cell carcinoma of the bladder. Irradiation of the primary lesion may also be useful if the extent of metastasis is low.
Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity and externalizing/internalizing problems: Using strange situation and attachment Q‐sort methods
Authors: Umemura Tomotaka , Iwamoto Sayaka , Tanaka Hikaru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to attachment theory, an infant‐mother attachment is universal, and infants who develop an insecure attachment relationship with their mother are likely to show mental health problems compared to those who develop a secure attachment relationship. These hypotheses have been empirically supported in Western cultures. However, the cross‐cultural evidence is still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity and mental health problems. We studied 81 Japanese infants (Mage = 14.64 months, SD = 1.43, females = 54%) mostly from middle‐class families. The Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and Attachment Q‐sort (AQS) assessed infant attachment security. Infant externalizing and internalizing problems were rated concurrently by the mother and 6 months later by the mother and another adult (father or grandmother). Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity measured by the AQS was associated with their externalizing problems concurrently and 6 months later. Infants with insecure‐resistant attachment measured by the SSP had higher externalizing problems compared to those with secure attachment concurrently (not 6 months later). Attachment insecurity was not related to internalizing problems. These findings partly supported the association between attachment insecurity and mental health problems. This research also recommends observing infant attachment at home.