bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare-associated infections in Veterans Affairs acute-care and long-term healthcare facilities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Evans Martin E. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Clifton Marla , DeRoos Kathleen , McCauley Brian P. , Gauldin Natalie , Flarida Linda K. , Gamage Shantini D. , Jones Makoto M. , Roselle Gary A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) reported from 128 acute-care and 132 long-term care Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities.Methods:We compared central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ventilator-associated events (VAEs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Clostridioides difficile infections and rates reported from each facility monthly to a centralized database before the pandemic (February 2019 through January 2020) and during the pandemic (July 2020 through June 2021).Results:Nationwide VA COVID-19 admissions peaked in January 2021. Significant increases in the rates of CLABSIs, VAEs, and MRSA all-site HAIs (but not MRSA CLABSIs) were observed during the pandemic in acute-care facilities. There was no significant change in CAUTI rates, and C. difficile rates significantly decreased. There were no significant increases in HAIs in long-term care facilities.Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic had a differential impact on HAIs of various types in VA acute care, with many rates increasing. The decrease in CDI HAIs may be due, in part, to evolving diagnostic testing. The minimal impact of COVID-19 in VA long-term facilities may reflect differences in patient numbers and acuity and early recognition of the impact of the pandemic on nursing home residents leading to increased vigilance and optimization of infection prevention and control practices in that setting. These data support the need for building and sustaining conventional infection prevention and control strategies before and during a pandemic.
Developing Irelands first National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework for Higher Education
Authors: Surdey J. , Byrne D. , Fox T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the development of Ireland’s first National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework for Higher Education. There is growing concern for student mental health in higher education nationally and globally. The majority of students are aged between 18 and 24, which is identified as a high-risk group for mental health difficulties. Recent surveys of student mental illness, mental distress, and low well-being have been recognized by the World Health Organization, the Union of Students in Ireland National Report on Student Mental Health in Third Level Education, the My World survey and the My World 2 study. The Higher Education Authority in Ireland made a commitment to the Department of Health Connecting for Life (Ireland’s National Strategy to Reduce Suicide 2015–2020) to form national guidelines for suicide prevention in higher education. In order to deliver on this commitment, The National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework was developed. The Framework is informed by international evidence and was the product of a collaborative cross sector and cross disciplinary team including health professionals, government representatives, educators, students, policy makers, community organizations, researchers and clinicians.
Re-Conceptualizing the Rule of Law in Africa: Metaphors of the Tool and the Causeway
Authors: Nwoke Uchechukwu , Ukwueze Festus Okechukwu , Odinkonigbo Jirinwayo Jude , Obi-Ochiabutor Clara C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rule of law embodies two basic metaphors: the tool and the causeway. Under the tool metaphor, the rule of law is applied more as an instrument of power, while in the causeway metaphor, the law emphasizes a form of relationship between state and society where “ground rules” are established, not just for electoral politics but for the daily transactions and commercial necessities of individuals. The choice between these two metaphors has always been crucial for the legal and political development of democratic states. This article argues that in many African states, the rule of law is presently used as a tool, and contends that if this superficial perception is discarded, in favour of concentrating instead on the more expansive causeway metaphor, the continent will stand the chance of building more modern democratic states that can compare favourably with other consolidated democracies across the globe.
Good Housing for Good “Married Life”: Privacy, Transnational Anti-Communism, and Postwar Housing in South Korea
Authors: Heo Na Sil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines postwar housing in South Korea as a transnational project in the Cold War milieu. Privacy (p’ŭraibŏshi) became a central architectural concern in South Korea after the Korean War (1950–53), as Korean architects negotiated their understanding of good, modern housing in the midst of deepening interactions with American architectural knowledge. A call for the construction of independent children's rooms was linked to the belief that good housing should also ensure the sexual privacy of the married couple. This article argues that architects construed privacy to be a value that was attached to liberal democracies and that reflected postwar fantasies and desires for a democratic living in contradistinction to its North Korean counterpart. In this way, housing became a site of transnational anti-communism, as architects and aspiring homeowners invested much energy in the ideological and material construction of privacy as a salient feature of modern housing.
Mapping anorexia nervosa genes to clinical phenotypes
Authors: Johnson Jessica S. , Cote Alanna C. , Dobbyn Amanda , Sloofman Laura G. , Xu Jiayi , Cotter Liam , Charney Alexander W. ,   Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Birgegård Andreas , Jordan Jennifer , Kennedy Martin , Landén Mikaél , Maguire Sarah L. , Martin Nicholas G. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Huckins Laura M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology, with a significant portion of disease risk imparted by genetics. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) produce principal evidence for the association of genetic variants with disease. Transcriptomic imputation (TI) allows for the translation of those variants into regulatory mechanisms, which can then be used to assess the functional outcome of genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) in a broader setting through the use of phenome-wide association studies (pheWASs) in large and diverse clinical biobank populations with electronic health record phenotypes.MethodsHere, we applied TI using S-PrediXcan to translate the most recent PGC-ED AN GWAS findings into AN-GReX. For significant genes, we imputed AN-GReX in the Mount Sinai BioMe™ Biobank and performed pheWASs on over 2000 outcomes to test the clinical consequences of aberrant expression of these genes. We performed a secondary analysis to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) and sex on AN-GReX clinical associations.ResultsOur S-PrediXcan analysis identified 53 genes associated with AN, including what is, to our knowledge, the first-genetic association of AN with the major histocompatibility complex. AN-GReX was associated with autoimmune, metabolic, and gastrointestinal diagnoses in our biobank cohort, as well as measures of cholesterol, medications, substance use, and pain. Additionally, our analyses showed moderation of AN-GReX associations with measures of cholesterol and substance use by BMI, and moderation of AN-GReX associations with celiac disease by sex.ConclusionsOur BMI-stratified results provide potential avenues of functional mechanism for AN-genes to investigate further.
Dynamical electromagnetic actuation system for microscale manipulation
Authors: Çetin Levent , Alasli Abdulkareem , Akçura Nail , Kahveci Aytaç , Can Fatih Cemal , Tamer Özgür 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic actuation systems (EMA) have excelled themselves in microscale manipulation. Yet, the fastened structure of the current systems tethers the controlled workspace. In this paper, a new electromagnetic actuation principle is investigated. The actuator structure consists of a pair of coaxially movable electromagnets integrated to a robotic manipulator. The pair induces a coaxial homogeneous magnetic field or gradient to control the magnitude of the magnetic torque or force by changing the distance between the electromagnets asymmetrically. The robotic manipulator, on the other hand, transports the pair at five degrees of freedom to manipulate a microrobot in 3D space by closed-loop control with integrated vision feedback system. Numerical analyses are performed to investigate the induced electromagnetic field at the symmetrical/asymmetrical configuration of the coaxial pair. Accordingly, a correlation between the magnitude of the magnetic force and the asymmetric distance is obtained for flexible force control. A proof of concept prototype is constructed to validate the proposed actuation principle and evaluate its performance experimentally. The experimental results verify the numerical analysis and show the system applicability of inducing controlled forces on a micro-object in 2D and 3D workspaces at a velocity range of 65 to 157
$\mu$
m/s. Moreover, micromanipulation on a helical route is also demonstrated with an absolute error mean from the reference path of 191
$\mu$
m.
The Larger Gifts of Taxation: Foundations and Tax Reform in the Jim Crow South
Authors: MALCZEWSKI JOAN 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn “Disquisition on Government,” John C. Calhoun divided citizens into “tax-payers” and “tax-consumers,” foreshadowing the connection that would be made between taxation and citizenship rights in twentieth-century education policy and law. Recent scholarship has explored that relationship, analyzing the language of legal cases to demonstrate that court cases reflect citizens’ perceptions of economic stakes and related education rights. Northern foundations that focused on southern education reform during Jim Crow understood the importance of taxpayer perception to education reform and recognized that it was not a byproduct of tax policy but something that might be shaped by it. Foundations influenced education and taxation policies in North Carolina. Although they failed to address inequality and problems of the racial state, their work provides a useful framework for considering the role of both early twentieth-century foundations in education reform and, more generally, the role of foundations in civil society.
Business Support for Nature Protection in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: VOGEL DAVID 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores the role of business in supporting and benefiting from nature protection during the second half of the nineteenth century. It begins with the support of business for protecting scenic wilderness in California and the creation of Yellowstone, as well as the role of the railroads in encouraging easterners to visit to the nation’s western national parks—all designed to create economic value by promoting tourism. It then examines the efforts of a wide range of business interests to protect the White Mountains of New Hampshire and the Adirondack forest in New York State. The later effort was led by business interests from New York City who worried that deforestation would impair freight traffic on the Erie Canal and Hudson River as well as endanger the city’s water supplies. This article compliments Hay’s research on business and conservation during the Progressive Era by demonstrating that business also played a critical role in supporting wilderness and forest protection.
Geospatial analysis of a COVID-19 outbreak at the University of Wisconsin–Madison: potential role of a cluster of local bars
Authors: Harris Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We combined smartphone mobility data with census track-based reports of positive case counts to study a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus, where nearly 3000 students had become infected by the end of September 2020. We identified a cluster of twenty bars located at the epicentre of the outbreak, in close proximity to campus residence halls. Smartphones originating from the two hardest-hit residence halls (Sellery-Witte), where about one in five students were infected, were 2.95 times more likely to visit the 20-bar cluster than smartphones originating in two more distant, less affected residence halls (Ogg-Smith). By contrast, smartphones from Sellery-Witte were only 1.55 times more likely than those from Ogg-Smith to visit a group of 68 restaurants in the same area [rate ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–2.85, P < 0.001]. We also determined the per-capita rates of visitation to the 20-bar cluster and to the 68-restaurant comparison group by smartphones originating in each of 21 census tracts in the university area. In a multivariate instrumental variables regression, the visitation rate to the bar cluster was a significant determinant of the per-capita incidence of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests in each census tract (elasticity 0.88, 95% CI 0.08–1.68, P = 0.032), while the restaurant visitation rate showed no such relationship. The potential super-spreader effects of clusters or networks of places, rather than individual sites, require further attention.
Advancing research on early autism through an integrated risk and resilience perspective
Authors: Stallworthy Isabella C. , Masten Ann S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date, a deficit-oriented approach dominates autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research, including studies of infant siblings of children with ASD at high risk (HR) for the disabilities associated with this disorder. Despite scientific advances regarding early ASD-related risk, there remains little systematic investigation of positive development, limiting the scope of research and quite possibly a deeper understanding of pathways toward and away from ASD-related impairments. In this paper, we argue that integrating a resilience framework into early ASD research has the potential to enhance knowledge on prodromal course, phenotypic heterogeneity, and developmental processes of risk and adaptation. We delineate a developmental systems resilience framework with particular reference to HR infants. To illustrate the utility of a resilience perspective, we consider the “female protective effect” and other evidence of adaptation in the face of ASD-related risk. We suggest that a resilience framework invites focal questions about the nature, timing, levels, interactions, and mechanisms by which positive adaptation occurs in relation to risk and developmental pathways toward and away from ASD-related difficulties. We conclude with recommendations for future research, including more focus on adaptive development and multisystem processes, pathways away from disorder, and reconsideration of extant evidence within an integrated risk-and-resilience framework.
HOPF BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF A FRACTIONAL-ORDER HOLLING–TANNER PREDATOR-PREY MODEL WITH TIME DELAY
Authors: CELIK C. , DEGERLİ K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with Holling–Tanner-type functional response. Mainly, by choosing the delay time
$\tau $
as the bifurcation parameter, we show that Hopf bifurcation can occur as the delay time
$\tau $
passes some critical values. The local stability of a positive equilibrium and the existence of the Hopf bifurcations are established, and numerical simulations for justifying the theoretical analysis are also presented.
Large Divergence in Tropical Hydrological Projections Caused by Model Spread in Vegetation Responses to Elevated CO2
Authors: Zhou Sha , Keenan Trevor F. , Williams A. Park , Lintner Benjamin R. , Zhang Yao , Gentine Pierre 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric CO2 and associated global warming are expected to alter the global hydrological cycle, thereby posing widespread threats to freshwater availability. However, future hydrological projections differ greatly between models, particularly over the tropical regions. The large difference between model projections directly limits policy planning efforts, and the responsible modeling processes remain unclear. Here, we identify the primary processes accounting for model differences in tropical hydrological changes using multiple CO2 sensitivity experiments in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We show that differences in projected changes to tropical evapotranspiration, precipitation, and surface water availability mainly arise from model representations of vegetation cover and stomatal conductance responses to elevated CO2 and associated changes in atmospheric moisture and circulation. Atmospheric responses to sea surface warming contribute additionally to the divergence in hydrological projections. Given the importance of vegetation responses to elevated CO2 and associated atmosphere feedbacks, our results underscore the need to improve representations of the vegetation physiological response to rising CO2 and its coupling to the atmosphere, to provide reliable tropical hydrological projections.
Global Daily Actual and Snow‐Free Blue‐Sky Land Surface Albedo Climatology From 20‐Year MODIS Products
Authors: Jia Aolin , Wang Dongdong , Liang Shunlin , Peng Jingjing , Yu Yunyue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLand surface albedo plays a critical role in climate, hydrological and biogeochemical modeling, and weather forecasting. It is often assigned in models and satellite retrievals by albedo climatology look‐up tables using land cover type and other variables; however, there are considerable differences in albedo simulations among models, which partially result from uncertainty in obsolete albedo climatology. Therefore, this study introduces a new global 500 m daily blue‐sky land surface albedo climatology data set under both actual and snow‐free surface conditions utilizing 20‐year Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products from Google Earth Engine. In situ measurements from 38 long‐term‐maintained sites were utilized to validate the accuracies of different albedo climatology datasets. The root‐mean‐square error, bias, and correlation coefficient of the new climatology are 0.031, −0.003, and 0.96, respectively, which are more accurate than the Global Land Surface Satellite, GlobAlbedo, and 16 model datasets. Data intercomparison suggests that ERA5 exhibits better performance than Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA2) and 14 Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects Phase 6 models. However, it contains positive biases in the snow‐free season, while MERRA2 underestimates the snow albedo. Global albedo variation associated with basic surface plant functional types was also characterized, and snow impact was considered separately. Temporal variability analysis indicates that traditional climatology datasets with coarser temporal resolutions (≥8 days) cannot capture albedo variation over areas with distinct snow seasons, especially in central Eurasia and boreal regions. These results confirm the high reliability and robustness of the new albedo climatology in model assessment, data assimilation, and satellite product retrievals.
Surface Divergent Eddy Heat Fluxes and Their Impacts on Mixed Layer Eddy‐Mean Flow Interactions
Authors: Guo Yiming , Bishop Stuart P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the global surface divergent eddy heat flux (EHF) is estimated using remote sensing observations of sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) over two decades (1993–2017). These results are used as a metric to assess model fidelity in a mesoscale eddy‐resolving version of the Community Earth System Model. The estimated EHFs show that the midlatitudes significantly contribute to the poleward transport of heat because of strong regional variability in SSH and SST. A Helmholtz decomposition is performed on the global EHFs to remove prominent nondynamic rotational wave‐like structures that appear in these fluxes. The dynamic divergent EHFs are responsible for driving cross‐frontal exchange and positive Baroclinic Conversion (BC) rates, suggesting a conversion of mean potential energy to eddy potential energy within the mixed layer. The results show that the model captures the same spatial patterns of EHFs and BC rates, but with relatively higher values in the midlatitudes than observations. The mixed layer geostrophic meridional eddy heat transport reaches maximums of 0.07 PW and 0.1 PW in the midlatitudes in the observations and climate model, respectively. The global integrated BC rate is 0.11 TW in the observations, which is ∼30% weaker than the climate model (0.16 TW). A cross‐spectral analysis further shows that the model has higher energy in low‐frequency bands for periods greater than 10 months in the northern hemisphere western boundary currents, but can capture the major spectral peaks in EHFs that are seen in observations.
Nogo-B promotes angiogenesis and improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via activating Notch1 signaling
Authors: Zheng Yanjun , Lin Jingrong , Liu Dingsheng , Wan Guoqing , Gu Xuefeng , Ma Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNogo-B (Reticulon 4B) is reportedly a regulator of angiogenesis during the development and progression of cancer. However, whether Nogo-B regulates angiogenesis and post-myocardial infarction (MI) cardiac repair remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of Nogo-B in cardiac repair during MI. We observed an increased expression level of Nogo-B in the heart of mouse MI models, as well as in isolated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Moreover, Nogo-B was significantly upregulated in CMECs exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Nogo-B overexpression in the endothelium via cardiotropic adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) with the mouse endothelial-specific promoterTie2improved heart function, reduced scar size, and increased angiogenesis. RNA-seq data indicated that Notch signaling is a deregulated pathway in isolated CMECs along the border zone of the infarct with Nogo-B overexpression. Mechanistically, Nogo-B activated Notch1 signaling and upregulated Hes1 in the MI hearts. Inhibition of Notch signaling using a specific siRNA and γ-secretase inhibitor abolished the promotive effects of Nogo-B overexpression on network formation and migration of isolated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Furthermore, endothelial Notch1 heterozygous deletion inhibited Nogo-B-induced cardioprotection and angiogenesis in the MI model. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Nogo-B is a positive regulator of angiogenesis by activating the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that Nogo-B is a novel molecular target for ischemic disease.