bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine 2A receptor and TIM3 suppress cytolytic killing of tumor cells via cytoskeletal polarization
Authors: Edmunds Grace L. , Wong Carissa C. W. , Ambler Rachel , Milodowski Emily J. , Alamir Hanin , Cross Stephen J. , Galea Gabriella , Wülfing Christoph , Morgan David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTumors generate an immune-suppressive environment that prevents effective killing of tumor cells by CD8+cytotoxic T cells (CTL). It remains largely unclear upon which cell type and at which stage of the anti-tumor response mediators of suppression act. We have combined an in vivo tumor model with a matching in vitro reconstruction of the tumor microenvironment based on tumor spheroids to identify suppressors of anti-tumor immunity that directly act on interaction between CTL and tumor cells and to determine mechanisms of action. An adenosine 2A receptor antagonist, as enhanced by blockade of TIM3, slowed tumor growth in vivo. Engagement of the adenosine 2A receptor and TIM3 reduced tumor cell killing in spheroids, impaired CTL cytoskeletal polarization ex vivo and in vitro and inhibited CTL infiltration into tumors and spheroids. With this role in CTL killing, blocking A2AR and TIM3 may complement therapies that enhance T cell priming, e.g. anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4.
Urbanization can help reduce income inequality
Authors: Wan Guanghua , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhao Mengxue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe global community has been confronted with rising income inequality, in particular, for those least developed countries (LDCs), since the same level of inequality as in advanced countries would push many LDCs into abject poverty. This paper focuses on income inequality in developing countries, particularly LDCs. First, we demonstrate the infeasibility of fiscal measures in resolving income inequality even in developed countries. Second, we show that inequality in LDCs can be largely explained by urban-rural gap. Third, we uncover the benign impacts of urbanization on urban-rural gap. This leads us to propose an out-of-box strategy—containing income inequality by promoting well-managed urbanization. Fourth, we reveal a misperception that may have contributed to the neglect of urban-rural gap in constituting national inequality. This has possibly caused anti-urbanization mentalities and practices, with adverse distributional consequences. Finally, we provide evidence-based policy suggestions aimed at reducing income inequality and poverty—two major goals of SDGs.
Sedimentation strategies provide effective but limited mitigation of relative sea-level rise in the Mekong delta
Authors: Dunn Frances E. , Minderhoud Philip S. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Mekong delta is experiencing rapid environmental change due to anthropogenic activities causing accelerated subsidence, sea-level rise and sediment starvation. Consequentially, the delta is rapidly losing elevation relative to sea level. Designating specific areas for sedimentation is a suggested strategy to encourage elevation-building with nature in deltas. We combined projections of extraction-induced subsidence, natural compaction and global sea-level rise with new projections of fluvial sediment delivery to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sedimentation strategies in the Mekong delta to 2050. Our results reveal that with current rates of subsidence and sediment starvation, fluvial sediments alone can only preserve elevation locally, even under optimistic assumptions, and organic sedimentation could potentially assume a larger role. While sedimentation strategies alone have limited effectiveness in the present context, combined with enhanced organic matter retention and interventions reducing anthropogenic-accelerated subsidence, they can considerably delay future relative sea-level rise, buying the delta crucial time to adapt.
Correlation of ER, PR, and HER2 at the protein and mRNA levels in Asian patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Ting-Hao , Lei Jason , Liang Ji-An , Yang Po-Sheng , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Hsieh Chia-Ming , Tseng Ling-Ming , Liu Liang-Chih , Cheng Skye Hung-Chen , Shih Kuan-Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the important biomarkers in the prognosis of breast cancer, and their expression is used to categorize breast cancer into subtypes. We aimed to analyze the concordance among ER, PR, and HER2 expression levels and breast cancer subtyping results obtained by immunohistochemistry (IHC, for protein) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, for mRNA) and to assess the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the different subtypes as determined by the two methods. We compared biomarker expression by IHC and RT-PCR in 397 operable breast cancer patients and categorized all patients into luminal, HER2, and triple-negative (TN) subtypes. The concordance of biomarker expression between the two methods was 81.6% (κ = 0.4075) for ER, 87.2% (κ = 0.5647) for PR, and 79.1% (κ = 0.2767) for HER2. The κ-statistic was 0.3624 for the resulting luminal, HER2, and TN subtypes. The probability of 5-year RFS was 0.78 for the luminal subtype versus 0.77 for HER2 and 0.51 for TN, when determined by IHC (P=0.007); and 0.80, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively, when determined by the RT-PCR method (P=0.008). Based on the current evidence, subtyping by RT-PCR performs similar to conventional IHC with regard to the 5-year prognosis. The PCR method may thus provide a complementary means of subtyping when IHC results are ambiguous.
Commentary on: Xbp1s-Ddit3, DNA damage and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Lemay Sarah-Eve , Bonnet Sebastien , Potus François 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss new observations stating that spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (Xbp1s)-DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) promotes monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (Jiang et al., Clinical Science (2021) 135(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20210612). Xbp1s-Ddit3 is involved in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress but is also associated with DNA damage repair machinery. Pathologic DNA damage repair mechanisms have emerged as critical determinants of pulmonary hypertension development. We discuss the potential relationship among Xbp1s-Ddit3, DNA damage, and pulmonary hypertension. Although Xbp1s-Ddit3 contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and the development of vascular lesions, whether Xbp1s is a friend or foe remains controversial.
Decimation filters with minimum number of additions per output sample
Authors: Dudarin Aljosa , Vucic Mladen , Molnar Goran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn multistage decimation filters some stages operate at the low sampling rate, thus reducing the required number of additions per output sample (APOS). State‐of‐the‐art methods for the design of these filters usually consider only two stages. In addition, these methods do not optimize the number of APOS explicitly. This Letter proposes a framework for the design of multistage decimation filters with minimum number of APOS. To accomplish this task, the structures which contain maximum number of stages allowed by specified decimation factor are optimized. As a case study, multistage filters whose stages are cascaded‐integrator‐comb filters are considered. It is illustrated by several examples that the proposed optimum filters ensure smaller number of APOS and higher folding‐band attenuation than those obtained by recent methods for multistage filter design.
Higher‐order sliding mode current controller for grid‐connected distributed energy resources with LCL$\mathrm{LCL}$ filters under unknown grid voltage conditions
Authors: Barzegar‐Kalashani Mostafa , Tousi Behrouz , Mahmud Md Apel , Farhadi‐Kangarlu Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe control of the current injected into the grid with lower harmonics is considered as one of the most important issues for the grid integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). The unbalances and harmonics in the grid voltage usually pollute the current injected into the grid due to the power electronic interfaces, for example, inverters. To address such problems, the present paper proposes a nonlinear higher order sliding mode controller (HOSMC) for grid‐connected three‐phase inverters with filters in order to control the current injected into grid and improve the power quality. The proposed current controller injects the desired current into the grid with lower values of total harmonic distortions (THDs) under any grid voltage condition as well as it reduces the harmonics in the grid voltage. Apart from these, the proposed scheme is developed to provide robustness against parametric uncertainties where these uncertainties are modeled using the Taylor series expansion method. Finally, the performance of the system is evaluated using processor‐in‐loop (PIL) simulations via MATLAB/Simulink platform through the implementation on a system considering the capacity of the DER as 2 kVA per phase and compared with other existing control strategies.
Recent development and future trends of resonance in doubly fed induction generator system under weak grid
Authors: Din Zakiud , Zhang Jianzhong , Xu Zheng , Zhang Yaqian , Milyani Ahmad H. , Cheema Khalid Mehmood , Nawaz Arshad , Song Yipeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the wind energy conversion system faces significant challenges for stable and secure operations, especially in the weak grid due to high penetration of wind energy into the grid. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is one of the most popular wind turbine generators due to its cost‐effective variable speed and low‐cost partial size power converter. Impedance interaction between series or parallel compensated weak grid and the DFIG system causes sub‐synchronous resonance (SSR) and high‐frequency resonance (HFR). A comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art SSR and HFR in the DFIG system under a weak grid is presented. First, based on features, such as supplementary hardware, linear and non‐linear control strategies, the resonance damping techniques are classified into different types. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of SSR analysis and damping techniques techniques are put forward. Moreover, the latest development of state‐of‐the‐art SSR and HFR analysis and damping techniques are supplemented. Finally, the contemporary and future trends of the SSR and HFR techniques are discussed.
Image segmentation for analyzing galaxy-galaxy strong lensing systems
Authors: Ostdiek Bryan , Diaz Rivero Ana , Dvorkin Cora 
Published: January 2022

Aims. The goal of this Letter is to develop a machine learning model to analyze the main gravitational lens and detect dark substructure (subhalos) within simulated images of strongly lensed galaxies.
Methods. Using the technique of image segmentation, we turn the task of identifying subhalos into a classification problem, where we label each pixel in an image as coming from the main lens, a subhalo within a binned mass range, or neither. Our network is only trained on images with a single smooth lens and either zero or one subhalo near the Einstein ring.
Results. On an independent test set with lenses with large ellipticities, quadrupole and octopole moments, and for source apparent magnitudes between 17−25, the area of the main lens is recovered accurately. On average, only 1.3% of the true area is missed and 1.2% of the true area is added to another part of the lens. In addition, subhalos as light as 108.5 M⊙ can be detected if they lie in bright pixels along the Einstein ring. Furthermore, the model is able to generalize to new contexts it has not been trained on, such as locating multiple subhalos with varying masses or more than one large smooth lens.
Superdominant Right Coronary Artery with Absent Left Coronary Artery and Left Circumflex Artery with Anomalous Left Anterior Descending Artery
Authors: Singh Bhavneet , Gupta Rekha , Reddy Sreenivas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of super-dominant “single coronary artery” is an extremely rare and seldom reported phenomenon. The heart is dependent on a single vessel which makes its occlusion, if present, catastrophic. Here, the authors present an extremely rare combination of superdominant right coronary artery coexisting with absent left coronary artery and left circumflex artery with abnormal origin of left anterior descending artery from right coronary sinus. Precise morphological and physiological knowledge and evaluation of these anomalies is a must for opting the best available therapeutic modality and better prognosis.
Panoramic Radiograph and CBCT in Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia—A Case Report
Authors: Rizwana A. , Mohan N. , Kumar P. T. Ravi , Karthik R. , Gokulraj Sabitha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCondylar hyperplasia (CH) of the mandible is a rare developmental disorder that results in enlargement of the condyle. It is predominant in females, mostly unilateral and self-limiting. This report presents a case of a 35-year-old female patient with unilateral condylar hyperplasia with an increase in vertical height of mandibular ramus of the affected side. After initial radiographic evaluation, the asymmetry index using a panoramic radiograph was determined and also analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Condylar dimensions in all the planes were measured for both sides using CBCT. This case report emphasizes the importance of CBCT and its role in the diagnosis and assessment of mandibular condylar hyperplasia.
Agar phantoms of biological tissue for fluorescence monitoring of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Khilov A.V. , Shishkova V.A. , Sergeeva E.A. , Kurakina D.A. , Kirillin M.Yu. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An approach to fabricating agar phantoms mimicking spectral optical properties of biological tissues with fluorescent inclusions is proposed, which allows one to imitate the problem of optical visualisation of superficial biological tissues after the administration of a chlorin-based photosensitiser. The different arrangement of a fluorescent layer within a phantom makes it possible to simulate biological tissue in the cases of both topical application and intravenous injection of a photosensitiser. It is shown that absorption and scattering spectra of phantoms are in good agreement with the spectra of real biological tissues in the wavelength range of 500 – 800 nm. Changes in spectra of absorption and scattering coefficients of phantoms, as well as in their fluorescent properties induced by the addition of a fluorescent marker (chlorin-based photosensitiser) are demonstrated.
Increasing instability of a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem
Authors: Menge Bruce A. , Gravem Sarah A. , Johnson Angela , Robinson Jonathan W. , Poirson Brittany N. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
As climate change increasingly stresses Earth’s biosphere, assessment of biotic responses is critical to human welfare. Although species-level changes have been researched for decades, studies focused at the multispecies level are infrequent, and those testing dynamical responses (species interactions, recovery from disturbance) even rarer. In the well-studied, iconic rocky intertidal ecosystem, annually repeated disturbance experiments in 2012–2019 revealed that the resilience of communities weakened (recovery rates slowed) and variability in recovery rates increased. These changes were associated with increased thermal stresses and shifts in upwelling currents, which can alter growth, decrease colonization rates, and kill organisms.
Conversion from dose-length product to effective dose in computed tomography venography of the lower extremities
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Yonekura Yuka , Nagahara Kazunori , Uehara Ayuka , Ikuma Hideki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For radiation dose assessment of computed tomography (CT), effective dose (ED) is often estimated by multiplying the dose-length product (DLP), provided automatically by the CT scanner, by a conversion factor. We investigated such conversion in CT venography of the lower extremities performed in conjunction with CT pulmonary angiography. The study subjects consisted of eight groups imaged using different scanners and different imaging conditions (five and three groups for the GE and Siemens scanners, respectively). Each group included ten men and ten women. The scan range was divided into four anatomical regions (trunk, proximal thigh, knee and distal leg), and DLP was calculated for each region (regional DLP). Regional DLP was multiplied by a conversion factor for the respective region, to convert it to ED. The sum of the ED values for the four regions was obtained as standard ED. Additionally, the sum of the four regional DLP values, an approximate of the scanner-derived DLP, was multiplied by the conversion factor for the trunk (0.015 mSv mGy cm−1), as a simplified method to obtain ED. When using the simplified method, ED was overestimated by 32.3%−70.2% and 56.5%−66.2% for the GE and Siemens scanners, respectively. The degree of overestimation was positively and closely correlated with the contribution of the middle and distal portions of the lower extremities to total radiation exposure. ED/DLP averaged within each group, corresponding to the conversion factor, was 0.0089−0.0114 and 0.0091−0.0096 mSv mGy cm−1 for the GE and Siemens scanners, respectively. In CT venography of the lower extremities, ED is greatly overestimated by multiplying the scanner-derived DLP by the conversion factor for the trunk. The degree of overestimation varies widely depending on the imaging conditions. It is recommended to divide the scan range and calculate ED as a sum of regional ED values.
Dynamic evolution of expanding Bose–Einstein condensates in the presence of a three-dimensional random optical speckle potential
Authors: Yedjour Afifa , Benmahdjoub Hanane , Boudjemâa Abdelâali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the diffusion of an expanding Bose–Einstein condensate released from a harmonic trap in a three-dimensional speckle disorder potential. To this end, we use the first Born approximation and examine the density profiles at short and long times. Analytical results are presented in different regimes. The evolution of the density profiles in space and time is deeply examined. We find that at long times and for a fixed disorder strength, the profile of the average atomic density decreases in power law. The time evolution of the typical size of the condensate is explored numerically.
A new constant behind the rotational velocity of galaxies
Authors: Bousder M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present work is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution of galaxies
in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its relationship with the MOND
paradigm. This study is useful for giving meaning to the presence of a new
gravitational constant. The stability of dark matter is strongly dependent
on matter density. We are interested in calculating the maximum rotational
velocity of galaxies. We show that rotating galaxies can be described by a
new parameter that depends both on the minimum value of scalar fields and on
the effective mass of this field. According to observational data, we have
shown that this parameter is a constant.
Cannibalism's lingering imprint on the matter power spectrum
Authors: Erickcek Adrienne L. , Ralegankar Pranjal , Shelton Jessie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The early universe may have contained internally thermalized dark sectors that were decoupled from the Standard Model. In such scenarios, the relic dark thermal bath, composed of the lightest particle in the dark sector, can give rise to an epoch of early matter domination prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, which has a potentially observable impact on the smallest dark matter structures. This lightest dark particle can easily and generically have number-changing self-interactions that give rise to “cannibal” behavior. We consider cosmologies where an initially sub-dominant cannibal species comes to temporarily drive the expansion of the universe, and we provide a simple map between the particle properties of the cannibal species and the key features of the enhanced dark matter perturbation growth in such cosmologies. We further demonstrate that cannibal self-interactions can determine the small-scale cutoff in the matter power spectrum even when the cannibal self-interactions freeze out prior to cannibal domination.
Spatio-temporal properties of pulse propagation in a graphene quantum system
Authors: Xiao Chao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper we have theoretically studied the spatial-temporal evolution of electromagnetic light propagation through a four-level graphene quantum system by using density matrix method and perturbation theory. The four-level graphene quantum medium interacted by an elliptical polarized coupling and a weak probe lights, respectively. We present the analytical solution for solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations for graphene and electromagnetic field in space and time domains. Then, we have analyzed the dynamic control of pulse propagation and optical dual switching in such a laser-driven quantum system. Our theoretical findings show that by adjusting the optical parameters such as elliptical angle i.e. phase difference between right-and-left circularly polarized, one can easily control the absorption spectrum and pulse propagation of the probe light in graphene medium. Our results may have potential applications in designing the new quantum devices for usage in quantum information processing.
Simulation of convective transport during frequency chirping of a TAE using the MEGA code
Authors: Hezaveh H. , Todo Y. , Qu Z.S. , Breizman B.N. , Hole M.J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a procedure to examine energetic particle phase-space during long range frequency chirping phenomena in tokamak plasmas. To apply the proposed method, we have performed self-consistent simulations using the MEGA code and analyzed the simulation data. We demonstrate a traveling wave in phase-space and that there exist specific slices of phase-space on which the resonant particles lie throughout the wave evolution. For non-linear evolution of an n = 6 toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE), our results reveal the formation of coherent phase-space structures (holes/clumps) after coarse-graining of the distribution function. These structures cause a convective transport in phase-space which implies a radial drift of the resonant particles. We also demonstrate that the rate of frequency chirping increases with the TAE damping rate. Our observations of the TAE behavior and the corresponding phase-space dynamics are consistent with the Berk–Breizman theory.