bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Mental Health Status Among Police Recruits in Sweden
Authors: Emsing Mikael , Padyab Mojgan , Ghazinour Mehdi , Hurtig Anna-Karin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe stressful and complex nature of police work and its adverse effects on mental health are well-documented in police research. The mental health of police students however, has not been given the same attention. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the mental health of Swedish police recruits have not been undertaken since 2010.ObjectivesThe present study aims to examine whether there are differences in the mental health between two cohorts (2009 and 2020) of Swedish police recruits, as well as to compare the mental health of both cohorts with the general population data collected in 2002.MethodsData was collected using the SCL-90-R survey. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent sample T-tests. Bi-variate analyses including t-test and chi-square were used to examine differences in sociodemographic variables between the two cohorts.ResultsA total of 376 police recruits participated in the study. Results indicated no significant differences between the cohorts with regards to the three global indices of the SCL-90-R: Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Total (PST), and Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI). Recruits with a college degree had lower scores on GSI and PSDI, similar to respondents that where in a relationship vs. singles. A total of 15 (four female) recruits had GSI scores above the Swedish patient mean. Compared with the general population, males and females from the 2009, as well as females from the 2020 cohorts had lower or insignificantly different mean scores on all global indices, with males from the 2020 cohort having a significantly lower PST score.ConclusionsWhile the vast majority of recruits had results that where indicative of a low prevalence and intensity with regards to mental health disorders, some recruits did score above the Swedish patient mean. While mental preparedness is part of the curriculum for Swedish police recruits, interventions targeting the stigmas of poor mental health could be of value. The fact that educational attainment appears to have a positive impact on the mental health of police recruits, could be taken in to consideration when recruiting future police officers.
Association Between Childhood Maltreatment, FKBP5 Gene Methylation, and Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Lai Wenjian , Li Wenyan , Du Xueying , Guo Yangfeng , Wang Wanxin , Guo Lan , Lu Ciyong 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAnxiety symptoms are common mental health problems among adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to explore (1) the longitudinal association between childhood maltreatment and anxiety symptoms, (2) the association between childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation of the FKBP5 gene, and (3) the association of DNA methylation of the FKBP5 gene with anxiety symptoms at follow-up.MethodsA nested case-control design was conducted to identify a case group and control group from a longitudinal study of adolescents aged 13–18 years in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020. Adolescents with anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow-up were considered the case group, while those without anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow-up were considered the control group. The case and control groups were matched according to age and sex. Our study finally included 97 cases and 141 controls.ResultsAfter adjusting for significant covariates, childhood emotional abuse was associated with subsequent anxiety symptoms (β = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.010~0.283); students with physical and emotional neglect were more likely to get a lower level of DNA methylation at most CpG units of FKBP5 gene (P &lt; 0.05); FKBP5-12 CpG 15 methylation was associated with anxiety symptoms at follow-up (β = −0.263, 95% CI = −0.458~-0.069). However, after multiple hypothesis testing, childhood maltreatment was not associated with FKBP5 DNA methylation (q &gt; 0.10); FKBP5 DNA methylation did not show an association with subsequent anxiety symptoms (q &gt; 0.10).ConclusionsChildhood emotional abuse was associated with an increased risk of anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. After multiple hypothesis testing, childhood maltreatment was not significantly associated with FKBP5 DNA methylation. DNA methylation of the promoter region of the FKBP5 gene was not a significant predictor of anxiety symptoms. More attention should be paid to the mental health of adolescents with childhood maltreatment.
Self-Medication of ADHD Symptoms: Does Caffeine Have a Role?
Authors: Ágoston Csilla , Urbán Róbert , Horváth Zsolt , van den Brink Wim , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveStimulants are the most effective treatment for Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, studies have shown that nicotine dependence in patients with ADHD is probably best explained by self-medication. The question is whether this is also true for caffeine use and caffeine dependence. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the relationship of ADHD symptoms, caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder (CUD) and well-being. We hypothesized that those who have more ADHD symptoms and regularly consume caffeine have higher psychological well-being than those who have more ADHD symptoms, but do not consume caffeine.MethodsA general population sample (N = 2,259, 70.5% male, mean age 34.0) filled out the 10-item Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS) and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and were asked about their caffeine consumption habits in an online survey.ResultsThere were no associations between ADHD and coffee, tea, energy drink or cola consumption or daily caffeine consumption. However, the results of the path analysis showed that the level of ADHD symptoms was positively associated with the level of CUD (β = 0.350) and negatively with the WHO-5 (β = −0.259).ConclusionsCaffeine consumption was not associated with ADHD symptom severity and thus not likely to represent self-medication. On the contrary, caffeine use disorder severity is associated with more ADHD symptoms and both caffeine use disorder and ADHD are associated with lower well-being.
Frequency and Associations of Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccines Reported to Pharmacovigilance Systems in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Montano Diego 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis study aims to provide a risk assessment of the adverse reactions related to the COVID-19 vaccines manufactured by AstraZeneca, Janssen, Moderna, and Pfizer-BioNTech which have been in use in the European Union and the United States between December 2020 and October 2021.MethodsData from the European Database of Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (EudraVigilance) and the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) from 2020 to October 2021 are analysed. More than 7.8 million adverse reactions of about 1.6 million persons are included. The adverse reactions are classified with the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) categories. COVID-19 vaccine exposures and adverse reactions reported between December 2020 and October 2021 are compared to influenza vaccine exposures and adverse reactions reported between 2020 and 2021. The population-level vaccine exposures to COVID-19 and influenza vaccines comprised about 451 million and 437 million exposures, respectively. Absolute and relative risk estimates are calculated by CTC categories and COVID-19 vaccines for the EU and US populations aged 18 years and older.ResultsA higher risk of reporting serious adverse reactions was observed for the COVID-19 vaccines in comparison to the influenza vaccines. Individuals age 65 and older were associated with a higher frequency of death, hospitalisations, and life-threatening reactions than younger individuals (relative risk estimates between 1.49 99% CI [1.44–1.55] and 8.61 99% CI [8.02–9.23]). Outcome onset of serious adverse reactions occurred within the first 7 days after vaccination in about 77.6–89.1% of cases. The largest absolute risks were observed for allergic, constitutional reactions, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological reactions, and localised and non-localised pain. The largest relative risks between COVID-19 vs. influenza vaccines were observed for allergic reactions, arrhythmia, general cardiovascular events, coagulation, haemorrhages, gastrointestinal, ocular, sexual organs reactions, and thrombosis.ConclusionThe present study provides an overview of adverse reactions frequently reported to the pharmacovigilance systems following COVID-19 vaccination in the EU and US populations. Despite the limitations of passive reporting systems, these results may inform further clinical research investigating in more detail the pathophysiological mechanisms potentially associated with the COVID-19 vaccines.
Disempowered Mothers Have Undernourished Children: How Strong Is the Intrinsic Agency?
Authors: Poudel Sujan , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Yadav Dipendra Kumar , Thapa Deependra Kaji , Jakovljevic Mihajlo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveUndernutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. Since women, including mothers, are the primary caregivers of their children, their empowerment status can inherently influence children's nutritional status. Empowerment is, mainly, an intrinsic agency developed as an affective domain trajectory or attitude that guides the skill or behavior. This study aimed to assess the association between women's empowerment and nutritional status of their children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 mothers having children aged 6–59 month in rural municipalities of Kaski district in Nepal. Face to face interview and various anthropometric measurements were used to collect data. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between women's empowerment and children's nutritional status, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the strength of association.ResultsOf 300 mothers having 6–59 months' children, nearly half (49%) were highly empowered while around 38% children were in poor nutritional status. More than one-fourth (26.7%) children were stunted, 7% were wasted, 17.7% were underweight, and in overall, nearly 38% were in poor nutrition. There was a five-fold increase in odds of wasting, thirty-fold increase in odds of stunting, and twenty-nine-fold increase in odds of underweight among children whose mothers had low empowerment status compared to their counterparts.ConclusionOverall, this study exhibited that maternal empowerment strongly affected children's nutritional status, especially stunting and underweight. Thus, intrinsic factor, mainly education and community membership are suggested to empower them for making their own decisions. Interventions aiming to improve nutritional status of children should include women empowerment incorporating dimensions of material resources. Further empirical evidence is required from trials and cohort studies.
Malignant Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: Report of Two Institutions
Authors: Flores-Hidalgo Andres , Bankhead Alec , Murrah Valerie , Padilla Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundReport of the incidence of malignant hematologic neoplasms in the oral cavity according to the experience of the two oral and maxillofacial pathology institutions in North Carolina, USA.MethodsA 10-year retrospective review was carried out in the records of patients at ECU SoDM and UNC Adams SoD. Age, sex, location of the lesion, clinical impression, initial diagnosis, and the expression immunohistochemical and molecular markers were recorded for each subject. All diagnoses were reviewed according to the 2016 revision of the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.ResultsA total of 318 records from both institutions were reviewed. Seventy males and 68 females with an average age of 60.7 comprised the study population. The most common neoplasm encountered was plasma cell myeloma, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma. We encountered primarily intraosseous tumors, with the posterior mandible and posterior maxilla being the most common locations. Twelve cases were identified initially as a periapical radiolucency.ConclusionOur findings are concurrent with the existing literature regarding epidemiologic data. However, the type and location of tumors encountered do not, as the most common lymphoma in the oral cavity is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, typically present in soft tissue. To aid in diagnosis and treatment, the collection of data should continue over time so that eventually, a more specific diagnostic profile of North Carolina residents with these neoplasms can be made.
Challenges in Access and Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Uganda: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mambo Simon Binezero , Sikakulya Franck Katembo , Ssebuufu Robinson , Mulumba Yusuf , Wasswa Henry , Mbina Solomon Adomi , Rusatira Jean Christophe , Bhondoekhan Fiona , Kamyuka Louis K. , Akib Surat Olabisi , Kirimuhuzya Claude , Nakawesi Jane , Kyamanywa Patrick 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSexual and Reproductive Health access to Information services is still a pressing need for youth in Uganda even during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted health care access in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges in access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services as faced by youth during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Uganda.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out from 28th April 2020 to 11th May 2020 in Uganda. An online questionnaire was disseminated to youth aged between 18 and 30 years over a period of 14 days. The snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. STATA version 14.2 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOf 724 participants, 203 (28%) reported that they did not have access to information and/or education concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH). More than a quarter of the participants (26.9%, n = 195) reported that testing and treatment services of sexually transmitted infections were not available during the lockdown, and 27.2% could not obtain contraceptive supplies. Access to HIV/AIDS care services and menstrual supplies was also impaired. Lack of transportation was the commonest factor cited as limiting access to SRH services during the lockdown (68.7%), followed by the long distance from home to SRH facilities (55.2%), high cost of services (42.2%) and the curfew (39.1%). Sexually transmitted infections were the commonest SRH problems related to SRH during the lockdown (40.4%) followed by unwanted pregnancy (32.4%) and sexual abuse (32.4%). Marital, educational, and employment status were significantly correlated with the reported experiences of the participants.ConclusionAccess to SRH information and services for Ugandan youth was restricted during the COVID-19 lockdown and leaving them vulnerable to various SRH risks and adverse outcomes. Lack of transportation, long distances to health facilities, and high cost of services were important limiting factors. The Government and other stakeholders should incorporate SRH among the priority services to be preserved during future outbreaks.
Which Surgeries Are the Best Choice for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mou Yu , Song Yi , Chen Hong-Yu , Wang Xing , Huang Wei , Liu Xu-Bao , Ke Neng-Wen 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSurgery is an effective choice for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, there is no clear consensus regarding the best choice among the surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to conduct a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing treatment outcomes to provide high-quality evidences regarding which is the best surgery for CP.MethodsA systematic search of the PubMed (MEDLINE), SCIE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CDSR databases were performed to identify studies comparing surgeries for CP from the beginning of the databases to May 2020. Pain relief and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.ResultsTen studies including a total of 680 patients were identified for inclusion. PPPD had a better postoperative short-term pain relief and quality of life (QOL), but a worse pancreatic exocrine function deficiency and high morbidity. Berne had a significant postoperative long-term pain relief and mortality with a lower risk of pancreatic exocrine function deficiency.ConclusionThe main surgical procedures including the PPPD, Beger procedure, Frey modification and Berne modification can efficaciously treat CP. The Berne modification may be first choice with better efficacy and less complications in pancreatic function, but the impact of postoperative QOL cannot be ignored. Furthermore, when the CP patients have a mass in the pancreatic head which cannot be distinguished from pancreatic cancer, the only legitimate choice should be PPPD or classical pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Neonatal Surgical Morbidity and Mortality at a Single Tertiary Center in a Low- and Middle-Income Country: A Retrospective Study of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hasan Md Samiul , Islam Nazmul , Mitul Ashrarur Rahman 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe most challenging and demanding issue in Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery is to deal with neonatal surgery which almost always involves emergency neonatal surgical conditions. Emergency neonatal surgery most often involves congenital anomalies. More than 90% of these anomalies occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh. This considerable load of patients and inadequate resources in their management continue to be an unconquerable challenge for pediatric and neonatal surgeons in this region. We aim to review the challenges and constraints influencing the outcomes of emergency neonatal surgery which will guide to propose expectations from the global community.MethodWe reviewed hospital records of neonates admitted to a tertiary care pediatric hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Demographic and clinical data were extracted using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25.ResultsA total of 3,447 neonates were admitted during the five-year study period. More than 80% of the patients had at least one prenatal ultrasonography (USG) scan, but less than 10% had a prenatal diagnosis. More than 70% of the anomalies of the patient involved the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal wall. Overall mortality was an alarming 14.6%. Gastroschisis (&gt;90%) and esophageal atresia (&gt;85%) mainly contributed to this high mortality. The challenges detected in this review were the absence of a prenatal diagnosis, limited access to intensive care facilities, unavailability of parenteral nutrition, inadequate monitoring, and hospital-acquired sepsis.ConclusionEmergency neonatal surgery contributes to a significant proportion of neonatal mortality. A holistic approach is essential to improve the situation, including the infrastructure and human resource development, identification of causes, and implementation of preventive measures to reduce the patient load. Global collaboration remains to be a vital factor to mitigate these multifactorial constraints.
Réflexions sur les sources médiévales de l'histoire des campagnes. De l'intérêt de publier les sources, de les critiquer et de les lire
Authors: Arnoux Mathieu , Brunel Ghislain 
Published: February 2022

Comments on Mediaeval Sources of Rural History. About the Necessity of Publishing, Criticizing, and Reading Sources Mathieu ArnoUX and Ghislain Brunel
The data concerning rural history in the Middle Ages haven’t been fully exploited : historians can still reuse and reread many of the texts published in the XIXth century and many sources listed in recent repertories. It is necessary to develop the criticism of documents about landholding (polyptics, inventories of rents and revenues, surveys of domains, and accounts) and of the figures they contain, using strict applications of diplomatics, a cross-Europe comparison, and a complete study of the origins of sources. Thus the small number and complexity of this kind of text will no longer be such forbidding obstacles and the interpretation of these texts will be richer. With such a method, if we reexamine the role of the bishop of Winchester, Henri de Blois, in Cluny around 1150, we can infer that his action must be considered, more than pious care, as a genuine experiment of Anglo-Norman administration and agricultural practices in the Mâconnais.
Dans les vignes du duc de Bourgogne. Le clos Chenôve au XIVe siècle
Authors: Beck Patrice 
Published: February 2022

In the vineyards of the Duke of Burgundy : the Clos Chenôve in the XIVth century.
The Duke of Burgundy kept up an important wine-growing and wine-making domain near Dijon. In the village of Chenôve, 50 hectares of good vineyards stretched behind a vast hall-barn protecting two huge wine-presses. This equipment remains visible to this day and its management records have been preserved from 1352 onward. It is therefore possible to study in much detail the activity of wine-growing and wine-making at the end of the medieval period, in every respect : technical (timetables and tools, plantation and care, grape harvest, cooperage and wine-making process), socio-cultural (investment and production costs, worker hierarchy) and cultural (quality and taste, interests at stake and customers).
Puissance, servitude, liberté. Les «casalers » gascons au Moyen Âge
Authors: Cursente Benoît 
Published: February 2022

Might, freedom and serfdom. The «casalers » of Gascony in the Middle-Ages.
«Casalers », that is, men holding «casals » - an equivalent of the manse, may be seen in Gascony as a peasant elite linked to the feudal system. From the XIIth century on, the fate of its members tends to diverge. In the piedmont, they tend to disappear or to be identified with «serfs questaux». In the upper valleys of the Pyrénées, they remain a free and powerful village elite even after the end of the Middle-Ages.
«L’ouverture des villages sur l’extérieur fut un fait éclatant dans l’ancienne France». Position de thèse
Authors: Croix Alain 
Published: February 2022

2. «Village openness to the outside world was an incontrovertible fact of traditional France».
A thesis proposal.

As indicated by the title and subtitle, this paper aims at starting a debate. It explicity calls for criticism, complementary information, and illustrations or counter-examples from other geographical areas. Far from exploring all the possible lines of inquiry, it is merely a step toward an eventual full-fledged book. I describe here how and why I came to question the classical image of «village rootedness», and above all the conclusions wich are very generally derived from this image when it comes to rural isolation. This leads me to briefly outline my own answer, which is indeed the crucial point here, namely that any observed change is not the manifestation of some documented evolution, but of a new approach to the documentation itself. Limiting my work to the XVhh and XVIith century -the demonstration would be too easy for the XVIIIth century -, I illustrate this thesis with the help of a number of classical sources, following three directions : the reappraisal of the idea of «rootedness », the enlargement of the traditional vision of living space, and the demonstration that the «outside » is, so to speak, brought home even among the most sedentary populations.