bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Standard Hand Hygiene Procedure versus Use of Hand Rub in Reducing Transient Bacterial Colony from Hands of Health Professionals Working in Critical Care Units
Authors: Pappachan Betcy , Sharma Anil , Patidar Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Hand sanitation is the key measure suggested to counteract and control the spread of pathogens within the hospital setup to safeguard the patients and health professionals from disease. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of two different hand hygiene measures (soap-water, hand rub) on the level of bacterial colony among healthcare personnel's hands.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 44 health care workers were equally divided into two groups using nonprobability convenient sampling technique from various critical care units and approach utilized was quasi-experimental design. Using Pretest posttest design 88 culture swabs were obtained from the hands of participants before and after handwashing with soap and water and hand rub respectively and sent to microbiology laboratory for further testing for the presence of transient bacterial colonies.

Results:
Paired t-test was used to compare between the two groups. It showed that the mean difference of hand rub group is greater than that of soap and water group (27.9 > 5.7). Paired t-test value is 2.3 and P = 0.028 (P < 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically significant. Moreover, Fischer's exact test was used to find out the association between pre-interventional bacterial count with selected demographic variable (P > 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically insignificant.

Conclusions:
Hand hygiene with hand rub is more effective than handwashing with soap and water in transient bacterial colony reduction from hands of health care personnel.
Diarrhea in renal transplant recipients – Retrospective observational study from a center in South India
Authors: Jyothindrakumar Jyothipriya , Dhanasekaran Rajasekar , Natarajan Gopalakrishnan , Thanigachalam Dinesh Kumar , Rajendran Padmaraj 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Diarrhea is one of the important causes of morbidity and graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients.

Aims:
We aimed to study the risk factors and causes of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients and to assess the impact of diarrhea on graft function.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 912 renal allograft recipient records who underwent renal transplantation between January 2006 and June 2019 was performed. Patients with severe diarrhea requiring hospitalization were included. Investigations like stool microscopy including modified acid-fast stain and stool culture were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Mean was calculated for normally distributed variables and median for not-normally distributed parameters. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Univariate analysis was done to assess risk factors for diarrhea.

Results:
There were a total of 618 diarrheal episodes in 149 (16.3%) patients. Significant risk factors were deceased donor renal transplantation (58 [39%]) (P = 0.00024), the use of induction immunosuppression (44 [29.5%]) (P = 0.0002), and antirejection therapy (ART) (60 [40.3%]) (P = 0.0034). Infectious cause was identified in 85 (57%) patients, and cytomegalovirus was the predominant agent. Entamoeba histolytica (16 [10.7%]) was the predominant protozoal etiology. Temporary graft dysfunction during diarrheal episode occurred in 67 (45%) patients.

Conclusions:
Diarrhea occurred in 16.3% of renal transplant recipients. Deceased donor source, the use of induction immunosuppression, and ART were significant risk factors. Infectious cause was identified in 57% of diarrheal episodes. Following diarrhea, permanent graft dysfunction occurred in 10.7% of patients.
A preliminary study on urinary excretion patterns of methylprednisolone after oral and intra-articular administration and effect on endogenous glucocorticosteroids profile
Authors: Upadhyay Awanish Kumar , Dubey Sachin , Ahi Shobha , Beotra Alka , Bhardwaj Akhilesh , Shukla Sangeeta , Jain Shila 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The use of glucocorticosteroids (GCs) through oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal routes is prohibited in sports. Its use is permitted through inhalation, topical and intra-articular route of administration. Methylprednisolone (MP) is available for use by different routes for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive purposes. To discriminate its intake by permitted & forbidden routes, a reporting level of 30 ng/ml is set by World Anti-Doping Agency. The aim of this study was to compare MP's excretion profile following oral & intra-articular administration & to evaluate its effect on endogenous GCs profile.

MATERIALS & METHODS:
The MP was administered through oral and intra-articular route to different patients & urine samples were collected up to 100 h. The urine samples were hydrolyzed, extracted, and analyzed on Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS.

RESULTS:
MP levels in urine exceeded the reporting limit of 30 ng/ml after oral (8 mg) and intra-articular administration (80 mg) routes. After oral intake (8 mg), MP levels exceeded the reporting level up to 24 h. However, after intra-articular injection (80 mg), the MP could be detected above the reporting level up to 80 h.

CONCLUSION:
The findings reveal that the MP can exceed the reporting level in urine even after administration by permitted route (i.a.). Further analysis of four endogenous GCs (Cortisol, Cortisone, TH Cortisone, and 11-deoxycortisol) showed a decreased excretion following administration of MP by oral & intra-articular routes.
Morphometric and topographic analysis of calvaria
Authors: Chigurupati Naga Jyothi , Sriambika K. , Muraleedharan Aparna , Gunasegaran J. P. , Devi Rema 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The parietal foramina (PFs) are located on either side of the sagittal suture at the posterior aspect of the parietal bone. The part of the sagittal suture between the two PFs is called obelion because it resembles the Greek symbol % “obelos.” The PF transmits an emissary vein named Santorini vein which connects the extracranial veins to the superior sagittal sinus. The emissary veins are of clinical significance as they are involved in the pathway of spreading infection from the extracranial to the intracranial source. PF is of special interest to neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons due to its anatomical variations and surgical importance.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 111 dry human calvariae of unknown gender were included in the study. These human calvariae were observed for the presence or absence and also observed for the unilateral, bilateral, single, or multiple PFs. The foramina were macroscopically observed by using a magnifying lens, and a needle was probed into each foramen to check their patency. Topographical parameters were measured.

Results:
Out of 111 calvariae, a single parietal emissary foramen was observed in 63 (56.7%) on the right parietal bone, 67 (60.3%) on the left parietal bone, and absence of parietal emissary foramen on right parietal bone in 41 (36.9%) and 37 (33.3%) on the left parietal bone, bilateral absence in 23 (20.7%) of the parietal bones. The presence of parietal emissary foramen on the sagittal suture was observed in 2 (1.8%) of skulls and also noted the single, double, multiple PF in 56.7%, 2.7%, 1.8% and 60.3%, 4.5%, 0, respectively. The different shapes of PF that was observed were circle shape on the right side 69.3%, on the left 66.6%, slit shape on the right 0.9%, on the left 1.8%, oval shape on the right 2.7%, on the left 1.8%. Out of all parietal emissary foramen, bilateral PF was observed in 53 + single parietal foramen on right 63 + on left 67 + double on right 3 + on left 5 + multiple on right 3 = 247. Out of 247 PF, 8 were patent through and the connection was oblique. All the other foramina were found to open into the diploic space. For those foramina through and through patency could not be assessed. The distance between the PF, distance of PF and sagittal suture, distance from the bregma to obelion, distance from lambda to obelion were measured. The obtained results are tabulated.

Conclusion:
Parietal emissary veins are surgically important structures that receive little attention in scalp surgeries. These veins cause excessive bleeding if not located properly. The current study reports the anatomical variations in the PF which may serve as an important landmark to the neurosurgeon.
Kidney transplant and its outcomes
Authors: Banode Riteshkumar Krishnanarayan , Kimmatkar Piyush D. , Bawankule Charulata P. , Adamane Vandana P. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Kidney transplantation has become the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a remarkable disparity in the access and outcome of kidney transplant across the world. We present the clinical and survival data from the nephrology and kidney transplantation center for a period of 5 years in a cost-limited setting from Central India.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 66 kidney transplants performed in a single transplant center over a period of 5 years from 2016 to 2020. All data of recipients and donors were obtained from hospital records. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis.

Results:
Of 66 included patients, 86% were living donor and 14% were cadaveric kidney transplant. The mean age of the recipient was 30.64 ± 10.66 years. Fifty-five (83%) were male recipients and 11 (17%) were female recipients. The most common cause of ESKD in recipients was chronic glomerulonephritis (55%). The mean hemodialysis vintage was 11.04 ± 10.12 months. Seventy-four percent of donors were female and 24% of donors were male. Induction therapy with rabbit antithymocyte globulin was used in 20 (30%) and basiliximab in 21 (32%) recipients. Thirty (45%) recipients underwent graft kidney biopsy in view graft dysfunction. Acute cellular rejection was the most common cause of graft dysfunction seen in 8 (28%) of graft kidney biopsy. Graft survival and patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant were 89%, 81%, and 77% and 90%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our observation showed that graft survival and patient survival after transplant were lower compared to other studies due to higher rejection rate and mortality due to infections. Hence, attention to immunological risk factors with proper immunologic testing pretransplant and early detection and adequate treatment of rejection episode even in cost-limited settings are suggested. Also after kidney transplant, prevention and prompt treatment of infection would offer the greatest potential to improve the chance of living longer with functioning graft.
The Literary Works of Miguel de Cervantes from the Perspective of Psychopharmacology
Authors: López-Muñoz Francisco 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1617) was a Spanish writer, who has often been considered as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's outstanding novelists. His novel Don Quixote, is a work often cited as both the first modern novel and one of the best works of world literature. The life of Cervantes has been full of fascinations, imaginations, attracting the attention from all walks of people, including psychiatrists.

Methods:
With career interest in psychopharmacology, the author in this review intends to focus on Cervantes's notions in his works on the use of psychotropic agents. The author also categorized psychotropic agents into four different scenarios of use – therapeutic remedies, toxic and poisonous agents (love philters, poisonous potions), antidotes as well as drugs of abuse (witches' ointments).

Results:
Cervantes' works were found that Cervantes made references to those preparations in Don Quixote, The Galatea, Journey to Parnassus, The Spanish English Lady, The Lawyer of Glass, The Jealous Old Man from Extremadura, The Dialogue of the Dogs, Pedro de Urdemalas and The Diversion. The main agents cited by Cervantes in the context analyzed included henbane, tobacco, rhubarb, rosemary, vervain, and in a masked way, opium. Cervantes did not identify the ingredients of other preparations with psychotropic properties, although, in the sense of the symptoms described by the author, they could be plants of the Solanaceae family, such as the henbane, nightshade, jimson weed, belladonna, or mandrake.

Conclusion:
Cervantes' texts, although by no means scientific treatises, give us with a correct description of the uses (and effects) of psychotropic substances in late Renaissance Spain, and explain how a group of drugs could have four archetypal qualities – remedy, poison, antidote, and drug of abuse.
Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation in Identifying Proteins for Clozapine Treatment Response in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Lin Chin-Chuen , Su Hung , Shiea Jentaie , Huang Tiao-Lai 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reduced social engagement, abnormal emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) are a novel proteomic technique. In this study, we intended to identify potential biomarkers for predicting clozapine treatment response using iTRAQ.

Methods:
We identified patients with schizophrenia that responded to a four-week treatment with clozapine. Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected before and after treatment. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis was done to identify differentially expressed proteins in PBMC before and after treatment. STRING analysis map was built, and a target protein was selected. Western blot validation was then done.

Results:
In 10 identified clozapine treatment-responsive patients, we screened 2,735 proteins. Nine downregulated proteins and 11 upregulated proteins were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold after clozapine treatment. STRING network analysis revealed a series of apolipoproteins, and only apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) was selected for validation. Western blot validations showed that protein levels of APOA-IV were significantly most downregulated in the patient after clozapine treatment (p= 0.05).

Conclusion:
In this study, we integrated clinical observation data, bioinformational protein interaction analysis, and iTRAQ labeling to study proteomics in patients with schizophrenia successfully treated with clozapine. We suggest that APOA-IV protein can be a biomarker for predicting clozapine treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. But these results in this study need a larger sample size to be validated.
Fatwa Qualification between Individual Training and Institutional Formation; An Applied Theory Study
Authors: Abdelhamid Elshal Amr , Sabry Elattar Omair 
Published: December 2021

يظل "المفتي" هو حجر الزاوية في العملية الإفتائية برمتها؛ حيث يقع على عاتقه عبء ومسئولية القيام بهذه المهمة الخطيرة والعظيمة؛ حيث هي في حقيقة الأمر إبلاغ عن الله مراده وأحكامه وتوقيع عنه. ونظرًا لإدراك أهل العلم خطورة منصب الفتوى وأهميته، فقد وضعوا مجموعة من الشروط والصفات التي ينبغي أن تتحقق فيمن يتصدر لهذه المهمة العظيمة والمسئولية الجسيمة، فتحدثوا عن عملية التأهيل والتكوين العلمي اللازم توافرها في المفتي وهذا ما يتناوله هذا البحث؛ حيث يتناول عملية التأهيل العلمي والبناء المعرفي للمتصدر للفتوى وفق مستويين: مستوى التكوين الذاتي والفردي. مستوى المؤسسات والهيئات والمراكز الإفتائية: والتي يقع على عاتقها القيام بمهمة التهيئة والتأهيل وفق واقع متشابك ومتداخل وتطور علمي ومعرفي كبير. وقد راعينا في هذا البحث طرح مقترح لخطة عملية تطبيقية يمكن للمؤسسات والهيئات العلمية المعنية بالفتوى وشئونها الاسترشاد بها وتطبيقها بحيث تحصل الثمرة المرجوة، وهي تكوين ذلك المفتي العصري المدرك لشانه العالم بزمانه.
الكلمات المفاتيح: الإفتاء، التأهيل الإفتائي، التكوين المؤسسي، المؤسسات الإفتائية
Abstract
The Mufti remains the cornerstone of the entire fatwa process; wherein he shall bear the burden and responsibility of carrying out this grave and great task; where, in fact, it is to inform about God's will and provisions and to sign on Him. Because the scholars are aware of the seriousness and importance of the fatwa position, they have set a set of conditions and qualities that should be fulfilled by those who take the lead in this great task and grave responsibility. It deals with the process of scientific qualification and knowledge building for the issuer of the fatwa according to two levels;level of self and individual formation, and the level of institutions, bodies and fatwa centers: which are responsible for carrying out the task of preparation and rehabilitation according to an intertwined reality and a great scientific and cognitive development. We have taken into account in this research a proposal for an applied practical plan that the institutions and scientific bodies concerned with the fatwa and its affairs can be guided by and apply so that the desired fruit will be obtained, which is the formation of that modern mufti who is aware of the importance of the world in his time.
Keywords: Ifta, fatwa qualification, institutional formation, fatwa institutions.
On the works of Nicholas K. Roerich in the Primorye State Art Gallery
Authors: Яковлева Е.П. 
Published: December 2021

В статье, основанной на материалах многолетних исследований автора, рассматриваются два произведения Николая Константиновича Рериха из собрания Приморской государственной картинной галереи. Внимание заостряется на причастности пейзажа «Туман» (1907) к серии «Финляндских этюдов» художника, а этюда «Дорожка» (1908) — к известной петербургской коллекции, в 1910-е годы принадлежавшей А.В. и Е.Л. Румановым. В настоящее время коллекция Румановых рассеяна по двадцати пяти государственным музеям бывшего Советского Союза. Больше всего произведений входит в собрание Русского музея. В Приморской картинной галерее хранится всего одна работа — этюд Рериха «Дорожка», и по ней довольно сложно судить о масштабе коллекции Румановых и месте данного этюда в числе других работ художника, входивших в ее состав. Уточнение истории создания и бытования обоих пейзажей Н.К. Рериха из собрания Приморской картинной галереи имеет важное значение для их изучения и научной каталогизации, а также для просветительской деятельности галереи.
The article, based on the materials of the author's long-term research, examines two works by Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich from the collection of the Primorye State Art Gallery. Attention is focused on the involvement of the landscape “Fog” (1907) in the series of “Finnish sketches” by the artist, and the sketch “Path” (1908) — in the famous St. Petersburg collection, in the 1910s owned by A.V. and E.L. Rumanov. Currently, the Rumanov collection is scattered across twenty-five state museums of the former Soviet Union. Most of the works are included in the collection of the Russian Museum. The Primorye Art Gallery has only one work — Roerich's sketch “The Path”, and it is quite difficult to judge the scale of the Rumanov collection and the place of this sketch among other works of the artist that were part of it. Clarification of the history of the creation and existence of both landscapes by N.K. Roerich from the collection of the Primorye Art Gallery is important for their study and scientific cataloging, as well as for the educational activities of the gallery.
The history of the opening of the first exhibition from the Republic of Korea in the Primorye State Art Gallery
Authors: Варламова Л.И. 
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена истории открытия персональной выставки художника Ким Кён Ёл (Kim Kyong Yeoul) из Республики Корея в Приморской картинной галерее в 1997 году и ее значению для развития российско-корейских культурных связей. В основу исследования положены материалы из коллекции и архива Приморской государственной картинной галереи.
Primorye State Art Gallery
The article is devoted to the history of the opening of the exhibition of Korean artist Kim Kyong Yeoul (Seoul, Pepublic of Korea) in the Primorye State Art Gallery in 1997 and to its significance for the Russian-Korean cultural relations. This research is based on the Primorye State Art Gallery‘s collection and archive.
The View of Yakutsk Town in art from the collection of the National Art Museum of The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Неустроева Г.Г. 
Published: December 2021

Визуальные образы, сохраненные в виде рисунков, гравюр, фотодокументальных материалов, являются важной частью реконструкции исторического прошлого народа. Раннее конструирование образа г. Якутска нашло отражение в рисунках и гравюрах российских и зарубежных исследователей и художников XVII–XVIII веков. Так, Вторая Камчатская экспедиция, работавшая в 1733–1743 годах по государственному заказу, одним из направлений своей работы избрала визуальную фиксацию и точную информацию по географии, этнографии коренного населения региона, проспектов городов. Цель представленного в статье исследования — выявление и комплексный анализ ранних изображений города Якутска в графических произведениях XVII–XVIII веков. На основе гравюры художника Гравировальной палаты Академии наук А.Г. Рудакова с рисунка И.В. Люрсениуса, рисовальщика академического отряда Второй Камчатской экспедиции, и графической работы французского пейзажиста Л.Н. Леспинасса из собрания Национального художественного музея Республики Саха (Якутия) показано значение видовых проспектов г. Якутска как ранних художественных репрезентаций города Якутска. Сделан вывод о том, что эти материалы способствовали накоплению сведений о Якутске, одном из старинных городов Сибири.
Visual images that were preserved in the forms of drawings, engravings, and photographic documentations are an important part of the reconstruction of the historical past of the people. The early reconstruction of the image of Yakutsk was reflected in drawings and engravings by Russian and foreign researchers and artists of the 17th and 18th centuries. Thus, the Second Kamchatka expedition, which worked under the state order in 1733 to 1743, was aimed at visual fixation and accurate information on geography, ethnography of the indigenous population of the region, city avenues. The purpose of the study is to identify and comprehensively analyze the early images of Yakutsk in the graphic pictures of the 17th – 18th centuries. Based on the works of the draftsman of the academic detachment of the Second Kamchatka Expedition I.V. Lursenius, the artist of the Engraving Chamber of the Academy of Sciences A.G. Rudakov, the French landscape painter L.N. Lespinass from the collection of the National Art Museum of The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the significance of the view avenues of Yakutsk as early artistic representations of Yakutsk is shown. It is concluded that these materials contributed to the accumulation of information about Yakutsk, one of the ancient towns of Siberia.