bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trajectories of human brown and white adipocyte progenitors at single cell resolution
Authors: Palani Nagendra , Timshel Pascal , Folkertsma Pytrik , Grønning Alexander , Henriksen Tora , Peijs Lone , Jensen Verena , Hvid Karolina , Sun Wenfei , Jespersen Naja , Wolfrum Christian , Pers Tune , Nielsen Søren , Scheele Camilla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Adipose tissue type and distribution are major determinants of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of depot-defining mechanisms. Here we show that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, a metabolic and a structural branch, during early differentiation at single cell resolution. The metabolic cell type expresses Adiponectin and is driven by an adipogenic transcriptional network including PPARG. Halfway through maturation, these cells have a brown adipocyte signature regardless of adipose depot origin. The structural cell type arises from the same progenitors as the metabolic cell type but expresses extracellular matrix factors and is driven by a competing osteoblast transcription factor network. The metabolic adipocyte gene signature associates with traits for fat distribution. In conclusion, we provide a seamless differentiation map of human adipocytes, providing an insight in the WAT browning process and a long-term perspective of cell-type specific targeting of metabolic disease.
Transient production of Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induces specific antibodies in immunized mice
Authors: Ceballo Yanaysi , López Alina , González Carlos E. , Ramos Osmany , Andújar Iván , Martínez Ricardo U. , Hernández Abel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has currently affected millions of people around the world. To combat the rapid spread of COVID-19 there is an urgent need to implement technological platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic systems by the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) present in the viral surface spike protein and its human receptor ACE2. The RBD protein is therefore considered as the target for potential subunit-based vaccines. Here, we evaluate the use of Nicotiana benthamiana plants as the host to transiently-producing RBDr protein. The identity of the plant-produced RBDr was confirmed by immune assays and mass spectrometry. Immunogenicity was confirmed through the specific antibodies generated in all of the immunized mice compared to the PBS treated group. These findings support the use of plants as an antigen expression system for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.
Prenatal Hand Expression of Breastmilk to Help Increase Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates
Authors: Chen Sally , Liu Angela , Washio Yukiko , Herrine Gail 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study is to assess whether antenatal hand expression at 39 gestational weeks helps increase patient confidence and skill with hand expression and increases initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates.MethodsIn this IRB-approved study, patients were consented at 34-39 weeks gestation and taught by an IBCLC to hand express, collect, and store colostrum and record output. Starting at 39 weeks gestation, participants were asked to practice hand expression 1-3 times/day until delivery. A postpartum survey assessed patient satisfaction with hand expression and opinions on breastfeeding self-efficacy. Chart review of postpartum or well-baby visit notes determined whether patients continued exclusively breastfeeding.ResultsOf the 29 participants who delivered at Temple, 21/29 (72%) were exclusively breastfeeding on discharge, and only 11/29 (38%) reported exclusively breastfeeding at postpartum or well-baby visits. Barriers to the practice include maternal discomfort, low milk supply, and maternal and infant illness. Of the participants who completed the postpartum survey, 90% initiated breastfeeding and 72% reported hand expressing at home. They felt overall satisfied (8.1/10, ±1.62) with prenatal hand expression and stated that it was helpful in breastfeeding initiation (8.8/10, ±1.69).ConclusionsPrenatal hand expression starting as late as 39 gestational weeks still increased initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates from 12% in the study period to 72% in the study group. Recognizing and addressing hand expression barriers during late pregnancy may help to further improve exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Molecular evidence of rat bocavirus among rodents in Peninsular Malaysia.
Authors: MOHD-AZAMI Siti Nurul Izzah , LOONG Shih-Keng , KHOO Jing-Jing , SAHIMIN Norhidayu , LIM Fang-Shiang , HUSIN Nurul Aini , MAHFODZ Nur Hidayana , MOHD-TAIB Farah Shafawati , ISHAK Siti Nabilah , MAKEPEACE Benjamin L. , ABUBAKAR Sazaly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Rat (RBoV) and rodent (RoBoV) bocaviruses have previously been detected in Rattus norvegicus, however these viruses have not been reported in the rodent populations of Malaysia. We investigated the presence of RBoV and RoBoV in a cohort of archived rodent specimens. DNA barcoding of the rodent cytochrome c oxidase gene identified five different species, including; Rattus tanezumi R3 mitotype, Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus exulans, Rattus argentiventer and Rattus tanezumi sensu stricto. Three spleens were positive for RBoV (1.84%; 3/163) and no RoBoV was detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial non-structural protein 1 gene grouped the Malaysian RBoV strains together with RBoV strains from China. Further study among rats in different geographical locations hence is warranted for this relatively new virus.
Synthesis and characterization of tetraphenylammonium salts
Authors: Fujita Hikaru , Sasamoto Ozora , Kobayashi Shiori , Kitamura Masanori , Kunishima Munetaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The phenyl (Ph) group is a representative substituent in the field of organic chemistry as benzene (the parent molecule) is of fundamental importance. Simple Ph-substituted compounds of common chemical elements are well known. However, extensive structural characterization of tetraphenylammonium (Ph4N+) salts has not been reported. Herein, the synthesis of Ph4N+ salts and their characterization data including the 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and the single-crystal X-ray structure have been presented. An intermolecular radical coupling reaction between an aryl radical and a triarylammoniumyl radical cation was conducted to synthesize the target moieties. The Ph4N+ salts described herein are the simplest tetraarylammonium (Ar4N+) salts known. The results reported herein can potentially help access the otherwise inaccessible non-bridged Ar4N+ salts, a new class of rigid and sterically hindered organic cations.
Expression and significance of miR-155 during embryo implantation
Authors: Lu Jin-Chun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
miRNAs are considered to be one of the important molecules involved in the regulation of multiple physiological functions of endometrium such as proliferation and decidualization, angiogenesis, immune regulation, adhesion and invasion. miR-155 is closely related to the occurrence of some diseases such as inflammation, tumor metastasis and immunity. In view of the extreme similarity in immune escape, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion between embryo implantation and tumorigenesis, we studied the role of miR-155 in embryo implantation.
Methods
Human endometrial tissues and decidual tissues were collected, and the mouse models of early pregnancy were constructed. The expression levels of miR-155 were analyzed by quantitative PCR.
Results
The expression levels of miR-155 in decidual tissues were significantly lower than that of endometrial tissues in the middle secretory stage (P < 0.05). The results of mouse models showed that the endometrial decidualization progressed gradually with the increase of gestational days, and that the expression levels of miR-155 in endometrial tissues decreased gradually with the increase of gestational days (P < 0.05). On day 5 of pregnancy, the expression levels of miR-155 in endometrial tissues of embryo implantation sites were significantly lower than that in inter-implantation sites (P < 0.05). The amount of embryo implantation in the uterus injected by mmu-miR-155 agomir was significantly lower than that by normal control agomir (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
During the embryo implantation of early pregnancy, the expression level of miR-155 in endometrial tissues decreased significantly with the increase of pregnancy time, which may be related to endometrial decidualization.
Reverse Transposition Of The Ileum Is A New Surgical Model For The Study Of The «Hindgut" Hypothesis In Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sevastyanov Leonid , Turgunov Yermek , Faure Jean-Pierre , Shestakov Dmitriy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background. The study reports on a newly developed experimental surgical technique for studying the role of the ileum in diabetes mellitus, tested in healthy outbred white rats without obesity. Despite the generally accepted positive effect of metabolic operations in type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are several theories, based on the opposite hormonal mechanisms, explaining these positive changes. The combined actions of these hormones, as well as their balance resulting in normal glucose metabolism, are under discussion. Aim. To develop and study the possibility of reverse transposition of the small intestine for investigating the role of the ileum in diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The idea behind the reverse transposition model proposed by us consists in the incomplete rotation of the small intestine after transection and a new reversible (antiperistaltic) arrangement of the entire intestinal tube. To create a model, outbred white rats, identical in all parameters, were randomly selected. The animals were divided into two groups: Group I – the rats that underwent reverse transposition of the small intestine; Group II – the rats, in which pseudo-operations were performed. Both groups were monitored for body weight, fasting plasma glucose levels and blood glucose level after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results. We did not obtain significant differences in the surgery duration, body weight of the animals and fasting blood glucose levels, as well as after OGTT in the studied groups. Conclusion. The reverse transposition technique proposed by us is feasible. The anatomical changes obtained during the operation suppose early contact of the chyme with the terminal portion of the small intestine, and the reverse position of the intestine causes a longer passage of a bolus in a distant direction, which presumably may cause changes in nutrient absorption, as well as in the release of ileal hormones (incretins) affecting glucose metabolism.
In vivo optogenetics reveals control of cochlear electromechanical responses by supporting cells
Authors: Lukashkina Victoria , Levic Snezana , Simões Patricio , Xu Zhenhang , DiGuiseppi Joseph , Zuo Jian , Lukashkin Andrei , Russell Ian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cochlear sensitivity, essential for communication and exploiting the acoustic environment, is due to the sensory-motor outer hair cells (OHCs) that operate in the structural scaffold of supporting cells and extracellular spaces in the cochlear organ of Corti (OoC). It is unclear whether supporting cells (e.g., Deiters cells [DCs] and outer pillar cells [OPCs]) control cochlear sensitivity in vivo. Here we employed optogenetics to measure in vivo sound-induced cochlear mechanical and electrical responses, and ex vivo light-induced DC electrical responses in the OoC of mice that conditionally expressed channelrhodopsins (ChR2) specifically in DCs and OPCs. Illumination activated a nonselective ChR2 cation conductance and depolarized the DCs. This transient action reversibly blocked continuous, normally occurring, minor adjustments of tone-evoked basilar membrane displacements, and OHC voltage responses to tones at and close to their characteristic frequency, and speeded recovery from temporary acoustic desensitization. This is the first direct evidence for the interdependency of the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical arrangement of OHCs and OoC supporting cells which together fine control cochlear sensitivity.
Fluid-rock interaction and fluid mixing in the large Furong tin deposit, South China: New insights from tourmaline and apatite chemistry and in situ B-Nd-Sr isotope composition
Authors: Chen Shao-Cong , Yu Jin-Jie , Bi Min-Feng , Lehmann Bernd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Furong tin deposit (South China) is genetically associated with the multiphase Qitianling batholith that consists of main-phase and minor, but more fractionated, late-phase granites. Several tourmaline and apatite generations are distinguished. Tourmaline (Tur) variants comprise pre-ore Tur-1 as disseminations and nodules in the late-phase granite, pre- to syn-ore Tur-2 as replacements in nodules and as veins crosscutting the late-phase granite and nodules, syn-ore Tur-3 in tin greisens, pre- to syn-ore Tur-4 as veins in the altered main-phase granite, and syn-ore Tur-5 from tin skarns in a distinct Ca-rich environment. Apatite (Ap) generations include accessory Ap-G in the main-phase granite, and Ap-I to Ap-III from three stages related to skarn-type mineralization (garnet-diopside stage-I, pargasite-phlogopite-cassiterite stage-II, and sulfide-rich stage-III). Textural and compositional features suggest that all tourmaline variants are hydrothermal in origin with alkali and schorl to foitite composition and minor extensions to calcic and X-site vacant tourmaline groups, whereas all apatite generations belong to fluorapatite with Ap-G crystallizing from the magma and Ap-I to Ap-III being hydrothermal in origin. The narrow range of tourmaline δ11B values (–14.8 to –10.4‰) suggests a single magmatic boron source in the ore-forming fluids. The similar rare earth element patterns and εNd(t) values (–8.2 to –5.9 for Ap-G and –8.0 to –7.3 for Ap-I) between magmatic and hydrothermal apatite indicate that the skarn-forming fluids are dominantly derived from granites. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Ap-I to Ap-III (0.70733–0.70795) are similar to the carbonate wall rocks, but distinctly different from the more radiogenic granites, indicating Sr exchange with carbonate rocks. Integrating previous H-O isotopic data, the tourmaline and apatite elemental and B-Sr-Nd isotope results suggest that the greisen-type ore formed by interaction of B-, Na-, Li-, Zn-, and Sn-rich magmatic fluids with the late-phase granite in a closed and reduced feldspar-destructive environment, whereas the tin skarns resulted from mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water and interaction with the carbonate wall rocks in an open system where oxygen fugacity changed from reduced to oxidized conditions. During fluid-rock interactions and fluid mixing, considerable Ca, Mg, V, Ni, and Sr from the host rocks were introduced into the ore system. Coupled hydrothermal minerals such as tourmaline and apatite have great potential to fingerprint the nature, source, and evolution of fluids in granite-related ore systems.
Multiple trend tests on air temperature and precipitation anomalies in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Dang Nguyen Dong , Dat Nguyen Le Tan , Loi Nguyen Kim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An informed decision on building climate resilience and adaptation requires a deep understanding of long-term changes in temperature and precipitation, especially for most vulnerable countries to climate extremes like Vietnam. Hence, this study aimed to comprehend spatiotemporal trend possibilities of temperature and precipitation in Vietnam by employing multiple non-parametric statistical trend tests. This study also suggested a modified procedure, represented as a Hovmöller-like diagram, for enhancing the characterization of long-term spatiotemporal trends by applying multiple monotonic trend tests to all latitude coordinates through all possible 30-year periods. The superiority of multiple trend tests over a single one is that this methodology can assess the sensitivity of trend test results to the beginning years, ending years, and record lengths, thus emphasizing the necessity of performing monotonic trend tests repeatedly. The results show consistent warming trends in all climate sub-regions over the last 4–5 decades, with the estimated trend slopes varying from approximately 0.010–0.042 °C/year. Precipitation anomalies in most climate sub-regions, especially in the southern part, experienced significant increasing trends at the rate of around 0.29–2.76%/year during the last 3–5 decades. These findings are expected to contribute more insights into the spatiotemporal trend patterns of temperature and precipitation in Vietnam.
Climate change impact on extreme value and its frequency distribution function in a karst basin, Southwest China
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Song Xuan , Ruan Yuli , Lan Huakun , Lei Xingbi , Xing Zhenxiang , Sun Guikai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Studying extreme meteorology and its frequency under climate change is helpful to guide flood and drought control. The original achievements and objective of this study are to further contribute to the literature on how to analyze the impact of climate change on extreme rainfall and extreme temperature more reasonably and comprehensively for a karst basin. The Mann–Kendall method, Heuristic segmentation method, cross-wavelet analysis method, generalized extreme value (GEV) model, and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) model were applied in this paper. The 55-year (1963–2017) extreme rainfall and temperature data recorded in the Chengbi River Basin were applied. The results show that extreme rainfall showed a downward trend (−0.169 and −8.735 mm/10a), while the trends of extreme temperatures were not obvious (Sen's slope estimate is 0). The mutation points range from 1981 to 2002 and the mutation point of extreme rainfall series is earlier than that of extreme temperatures. Compared with the GEV model, the parameters of the GPD model show a smaller variation before and after climate change, and the extreme meteorology values corresponding to the same recurrence period show a decreasing trend after climate change. The performance of GEV and GPD models after climate change is generally more fit than that before climate change.
Review of water safety planning processes and options for improved climate resilient infrastructure in Vanuatu
Authors: Rand Emily Chistensen , Foster Tim , Sami Erie , Sammy Erickson 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vanuatu is a small island state ranked the most at-risk for natural hazards globally. Access to safe and secure water is limited, particularly for poor and rural residents. It is projected that climate change will increase temperatures, sea level, cyclone intensity, and extreme rainfall events in Vanuatu. As the impacts of climate change become clearer, it is becoming easier to predict the consequences of those changes on water infrastructure. The Government of Vanuatu, Department of Water Resources (DoWR) wants to support communities to enhance the resilience of community water supply infrastructure, despite the additional challenge of climate change. Since 2013, DoWR has adapted Water Safety Plans to the local context with Drinking Water Safety and Security Plans (DWSSPs). An analysis of actions taken after 199 DWSSPs, site visits and interviews, revealed an opportunity to integrate climate change more into existing community risk planning processes. The analysis also identified many potential problems with existing water infrastructure that increase their exposure to climate risks as well as possible improvements to decrease those risks. As a result, adjustments were made to the current water safety planning approach, so that communities review hazards associated with climate change and identify resilient infrastructure improvements.
Soluble Diphtheria Toxin Variant, CRM 197 was Obtained in Escherichia
coli at High Productivity Using SUMO Fusion and an Adjusted
Expression Strategy
Authors: Tarahomjoo Shirin , Bandehpour Mojgan , Aghaebrahimian Mohammad , Ahangaran Salimeh 
Published: February 2022

Background:
CRM197, a non-toxic diphtheria toxin variant, is widely used as a
polysaccharide carrier in a variety of conjugate vaccines and also exhibits antitumor activity. CRM197
commercial production is limited due to the low yield of Corynebacterium diphtheriae C7
(197) tox-. Developing an efficient method for recombinant CRM197 production reduces production
costs and is critical for expanding the application coverage of related medical products and basic research.
Escherichia coli is a frequently used host for heterologous protein synthesis. However, the
primary limitation of this system is the inclusion body formation and the low yield of active protein
recovery.

Objective:
As a result, we attempted to produce CRM197 in the soluble form in E. coli using a
small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag fusion and an expression strategy optimized for protein
production.

Methods:
CRM197 was expressed intracellularly in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with its N-terminus fused
to a SUMO tag preceded by a histidine tag (HSCRM197). To improve the solubility of HSCRM197
in E. coli, a response surface method (RSM) experimental design was used based on three
factors: expression temperature, inducer concentration, and sorbitol inclusion in the culture medium.
Metal affinity chromatography was used to purify HSCRM197, and the SUMO tag was removed
using the SUMO protease's catalytic domain. After adsorbing the SUMO tag on a Ni-NTA
column, CRM197 was obtained. DNA degradation activity was determined for both HSCRM197
and CRM197.

Results:
When HSCRM197 was expressed in E. coli under common expression conditions (37ºC,
1000 μM inducer), 15.4% of the protein was found in the cellular soluble fraction. However, when
the RSM-derived expression conditions were used (30ºC, 510 μM inducer, and 200 mM sorbitol),
the obtained HSCRM197 was almost completely soluble (96.5% solubility), and the system productivity
was 32.67 μg ml-1 h-1. HSCRM197 and CRM197 both exhibited nuclease activity. However,
the activity of CRM197 was greater than that of HSCRM197.

Conclusion:
These findings established the utility of the method developed in this study to produce
CRM197 for medical applications.