bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bitstream generators using Multiple-Recursive Matrix Methods
Authors: Bishoi Susil Kumar , Senapati Kedarnath , Shankar B R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The word-oriented multiple-recursive matrix methods (MRMMs), introduced by Niederreiter, posses very attractive properties as they take advantage of the modern word-based processors and thus increase the throughput. Secondly, the bitstream produced by MRMM has excellent statistical properties with a high period except for low linear complexity. To increase the linear complexity, we study the cascade connection of word-oriented finite shift registers and then investigate their periodicity and linear complexity in case of MRMMs. We also extend the concept of alternating step generator and bit-oriented nonlinear combination generator to respective word-oriented generators.
MSC Classification: 94A55 , 94A60 , 15B33 , 12E20 and 12E05
The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the retina
Authors: Tabaa Khaled , Hammoud Taghrid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim
A retrospective study was undertaken at Damascus Hospital to investigate retinopathy and associated disorders in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
Between June and August 2022, Damascus Hospital patients with T2DM were found. In the archive department, patients' files were referred to, as were the results of eye examinations and digital fundus imaging, as well as the lab values requested for them when they visited the hospital. An ophthalmologist identified and classified the existence and severity of DR.
Results
The study included 77 diabetic patients, 33 of whom were males (45%) and 40 of whom were females (55%). The patients' median age was 56.15 years, and the average duration of diabetes was 16.41 years. We discovered non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 47 of the sample patients (64%), while proliferative diabetic retinopathy was detected in only 24 (33%). The proportion of diabetic retinopathy patients who did not have regulated glucose readings was 43% (p value 0.0346). The percentage of females who had no proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 75%, whereas males were 52%, resulting in a p value of 0.0370. We did not find any meaningful relationships between the presence of diabetic retinopathy and high total cholesterol values.
Conclusion
Type II diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for retinopathy, and female patients are more affected. Therefore, it is critical to keep blood glucose levels normal or close to normal, with periodic assessment by expert doctors to determine the extent of this condition's development.
A Simple and Low Cost Method for Traffic Sign Measurement Based on GPS and Epipolar Geometry
Authors: Shan Guo-hang , Jia Shuang-cheng , li Qian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traffic sign is an important part of traffic signals, as well as an important element of high-precision navigation maps. This article provides a low-cost and high-efficiency technical solution for traffic sign drawing of high-precision navigation maps. Based on a monocular camera and GPS receiver mounted on a vehicle, this paper uses a series of mathematical methods to get accurate geographic coordinates of traffic signs, including selecting two images that are more suitable in space and time interval, exacting and matching features, solving pose, triangulation. The measurement results in this paper are compared with the actual perimeter of the traffic signs, which shows that the measurement method in this paper can meet the relative accuracy requirement of 6% in most cases, the accuracy of our method is the state-of-the-art.
An integrated soft computing-based criteria interdependencies and intuitionistic fuzzy information to evaluate the urban concrete bridge maintenance models
Authors: Asgari Ahmad , Adlparvar Mohammad Reza , Shahbazi Mahtiam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given the advances in technology and the development of urban development and progress in people's lifestyles, the use of bridges is considered as an important and necessary way of esophageal communication. Bridges are one of the most important tools for connecting roads and different cities, which connect different areas and create connections between people. One of the most important and necessary measures in the bridge industry is related to the repair and maintenance of bridges, which cost less than building a bridge and help to create connections between people. To this end, the present study examines the effects affecting the maintenance and repair of bridges in urban contexts and for this issue an approach under conditions of intuitive fuzzy uncertainty based on analytic network process and comprise solution methods to calculate weights and option ranking offers. Finally, in order to validate the proposed method, a case study is used along with a comparison of the proposed method and existing methods in the literature. The final results indicate the strength and efficiency of the proposed method in calculating weights and ranking options for the project of maintenance and repair of urban bridges in Rasht.
Indoor Vegetable Garden with a Solar Energy Bonus
Authors: Jensen Merle H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Homes of the not-too-distant future may have their own year-round vegetable gardens in greenhouses that double as solar energy collectors. Such a demonstration is presently in operation at the Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL) of the Univ. of Arizona and is funded by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The model is a research and development tool to evaluate the economic and environmental desirability of developing such a unit as part of residential buildings to reduce the requirements for fossil fuels and at the same time enhance the home environment and add an increment of food production potential.
The Induction of Fruit Set in Cucumbers by Chlorflurenol with or without Pollination1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers, [Cucumis sativus L. cvs. Triple Cross (pickling) and Gemini (slicing)], were grown in the field in the spring and fall under conditions of normal pollination (uncaged) and conditions precluding pollination (caged). When about 5 pistillate flowers were open, some plants from both treatments were sprayed with 100 ppm methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene (chlorflurenol). Very few fruit were produced by either cultivar unless plants were pollinated or treated with chlorflurenol. The most fruit per plant were produced on pollinated, chlorflurenol-treated plants. Numbers of fruit from chlorflurenol-treated plants equalled that of pollinated plants. Chlorflurenol application reduced fruit size in ‘Triple Cross’. No viable seeds developed in fruit from unpollinated plants and chlorflurenol reduced seed number in pollinated fruits.
Reciprocal Differences for Plant and Ear Characteristics in Sweet Corn1
Authors: Hansen Leon A. , Baggett James R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reciprocal differences were found for tassel date, silk date, plant height, ear height, shank length, husk extension, tip blanking, row number and ear length in a diallel cross of 7 sweet com inbreds (Zea mays L.). Reciprocal differences were not detected for first ear weight. Reciprocal differences were large enough in some crosses to have important breeding implications.
A Chemical Method of Pruning Young Pecan Trees1
Authors: Malstrom Howard L. , McMeans Jack L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dikegulac [sodium salt of 2,3:4,6 bis-0-1(1-methylethylidene) α-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid] applied at 0.25 and 0.5% 6 weeks before leaf fall delayed bud break and promoted lateral shoot development on twigs of 5-year-old pecan trees (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Koch) the following spring. Foliar applications made 3 weeks after bud break retarded shoot growth and damaged leaflets while increasing lateral shoot development. Mechanical pruning of untreated trees did not induce lateral branching.
Comparison of ‘Rival’ and ‘Tilton’ Apricots for Canning1
Authors: Drake S. R. , Toyama T. K. , Carter G. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Rival’ a new cultivar of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) developed for the Pacific Northwest, if peeled, produces a processed product that is equal to, or superior to ‘Tilton’, a standard canning cultivar, in shear values, succulometer values, Vitamin C content, objective and sensory color, flavor, and texture.
Influence of Pollen Grain Stage at the Time of Hand Pollination as a Factor on Fruit Set of Cherimoya1
Authors: Saavedra E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preliminary research to investigate additional factors to increase results obtained by hand pollination in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) revealed that the first flowers to open gave a poorer fruit set with hand pollination than later ones. Flowers that opened earliest had the majority of the pollen grains in the tetrad stage with thick walls, full of starch and did not germinate. Flowers that opened later had a greater proportion of individual pollen grains, no starch grains, and greater cytoplasmic streaming. Many grains germinated after a few hours.
The Myth of Progress Forever1
Authors: Martin Franklin W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
What has happened in the field of agriculture in the United States during the last 50 years is unprecedented, unbelievable, spectacular, and commendable. During this period naturally good soils, favorable weather, development of varieties and techniques, and the massive use of energy have made North American farming the most productive ever known. Because of the rich yields obtained, the United States can be called the bread basket of the world, the sure source of abundance.
Persistence of Daminozide Residues in Apple Spurs under Different Climatic Conditions1
Authors: Edgerton L. J. , Unrath C. R. , Forshey C. G. , Lisk D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Comparisons are made between residues of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) in spurs of ‘Delicious’ in the dormant season in North Carolina and in New York. In North Carolina daminozide residue resulting from early season application was dissipated by the end of December and little or no carry over effect was noted in the succeeding crop. In New York a similar early season application may result in significant levels of daminozide in spurs in December.
Effect of a Prestorage CO2 Treatment on the Quality of ‘d'Anjou’ Pears after Regular or Controlled Atmosphere Storage1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Wright Theodore R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A prestorage carbon dioxide treatment of ‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) reduced stem decay, tended to reduce scuffing, and improved flavor retention after either regular (RA) or controlled (CA) atmosphere storage. The CO2 treated pears remained firmer than non-treated pears in RA but not in CA. The CO2 treatment followed by RA or CA storage did not affect soluble solids, acidity or color of pears.
Effect of Genotype on the Elemental Concentration of Pecan Leaves1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Madden George D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf concentration of N, K, Ca, Fe, and Na but not P, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Al, and Si of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch], following applications of uniform rates of fertilizer, differed among 39 cultivars and selections after 4 growing seasons.
Growth of Turfgrasses as Affected by Atrinal and Embark1
Authors: Parups E. V. , Cordukes W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sodium 2, 3+4, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonate (Atrinal) retarded the growth of turfgrasses grown in the greenhouse but not in the field. N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-][(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide (Embark) inhibited field-grown turf initially but regrowth, later in the season, was greater than in the control plots.
Effect of Polyethylene Glycol-6000 on Pepper Seed1
Authors: Yaklich R. W. , Orzolek M. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of 2 cultivars of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were invigorated by presoaking in a −8 bar solution of polyethylene glycol-6000 (240 g/liter H2O) at 15°C for 5 days. Invigorated seed germinated and emerged faster than noninvigorated in the greenhouse and laboratory, but not in the field. In the last field planting, yield from invigorated ‘Yolo Wonder L.’ was significantly greater than the control seed. Various seed treatments (KC1, KNO3, indoleacetic acid and gibberellic acid) in combination with the osmoticum did not affect invigoration.
A Philosophy for Graduate Study in Horticulture1
Authors: Smock R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Does the horticulturist have to train to be a generalist? Rightly or wrongly, the horticulture grad student is becoming more and more of a specialist. Ideally, he should have majors and minors in about 8 subjects like chemistry, physics, plant anatomy, soils, biochemistry, plant physiology, plant pathology and at least one branch of horticulture such as floriculture. This is, of course, humanly impossible. Then besides being a physiologist and a specialist in some branch of horticulture he should also be what H. B. Tukey, Sr. used to call a “plantsman.” This is again humanly impossible. So the student must compromise. In my youth we almost all minored in anatomy or morphology at Ohio State. This has fallen into disfavor so that now we find some grad students working with tissues they can’t even identify. I would also like to make a plug for the plantsman aspect of training. Can the grad student grow a flower or an apple tree? Tissue culture is great but can he or she give tender loving care to a plant in the great out of doors? Can the pomology major prune a peach tree? If the grad student can only converse about DNA or phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, he may belong in plant physiology and not in horticulture.
An Assessment of Two Genes for Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in the Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The gene Cls1 and the recessive gene cls2 each conditions a high level of resistance to a leaf spot incited by Cercospora cruenta Sacc. Two Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) resistant breeding lines, CR 17-1-34 (homozygous for Cls1) and Ala. 963.8 (homozygous for cls2), were crossed with each other and with each of 3 susceptible cultivars. The F1 and F2 progenies of these crosses, the backcrosses of the CR 17-1-34 × Ala. 963.8 cross, and the parental lines were grown in a field experiment in which a natural CLS epiphytotic was allowed to develop. Cls1 was completely dominant in all crosses; no evidence was found that either modifying factors or environment had any significant impact on its expression. The cls2 allele was found not to be a complete recessive under weak epiphytotic conditions, but an incomplete dominant that was highly influenced by the environment when in the heterozygous condition. Cls1 and cls2 were neither allelic nor linked.
Effects of Azide Soil Treatments on Quality and Yield of Sweet Potatoes1
Authors: Constantin Roysell J. , Hernandez Travis P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweet potatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] grown on azide treated soils, with or without the addition of other herbicidal treatments, were similar in quality and yield as those grown on untreated soil in all experiments except one. During 1972-75 no differences were observed in yield, dry matter, protein, fiber and carotenoid contents, firmness, percent splitting of the canned roots, and baking quality. During 1976 azide treatments in the intermediate range resulted in increased yield of U.S. No. 2 grade roots over the control. The heavier application of azide resulted in an increase in carotenoid content and percentage of split sweet potatoes after canning. All other quality variables, grade and yield were similar to the control during the 1976 season. Data in general show no adverse effects on quality or yield of sweet potatoes as a result of azide soil treatments when applied alone or in combination with other herbicides.
Effect of Nutrition on Dieback of Germinating ‘Curtis’ Pecan Seedlings1
Authors: Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Curtis’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] seeds were germinated in perlite and treated with either deionized water, a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution minus B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, S, or Zn. All seedlings receiving deionized water died back, 23% died back in the minus B treatment, 82% when Ca was omitted, and none when treated with a complete nutrient solution.
Tissue Culture of Salpiglossis sinuata L. from Leaf Discs1
Authors: Lee Chi Won , Skirvin Robert M. , Soltero Ana Isel , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro propagation from leaf tissues has been reported in various solanaceous plants including Petunia hybrida, P. inflata (6), Lycopersicon esculentum (5), Nicotiana tabacum (3), Solanum nigrum, S. dulcamara, and Physalis peruviana (7). Tissue culture of Salpiglossis sinuata was first reported by Hughes et al. (1) who found that the plantlets generated from anther culture were normal diploids derived from sporophytic tissue. We have since found that adventitious shoots of salpiglossis can be readily generated from leaf discs5 in vitro using a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (4). Salpiglossis leaf discs respond dramatically to variation in auxin and cytokinin concentration (2) and are excellent material for classroom demonstration of tissue-culture techniques.
Defoliating Nursery Stock with Combinations of Ethephon, Endothall, and Cycloheximide1
Authors: Adisesh C. R. , Still S. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single applications of 250 or 500 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 250 or 500 ppm 7-oxabicyclo (2,2,1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) along with 5 or 10 ppm of [3-(2-[3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2hydroxyethyl)-glutarimide (cycloheximide) provided the greatest defoliation on 1-year old ‘Delicious’, ‘Winesap’, and ‘Hopa’ apples (Malus spp.) and 1-year seedlings of apple and Pyrus calleryana Decne. These combinations caused high shoot and bud damage to certain cultivars which would not make them suitable for nursery utilization. The addition of endothall significantly increased defoliation.
Concentration and Application Time of Ancymidol for Growth Retardation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poellniz. cv. Mace1
Authors: Carlson W. H. , Schnabel S. , Schnabel J. , Turner C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Mace’ kalanchoe usually produces dense foliage with a cluster of long cymes, but under optimal growing conditions plants grow excessively tall and quality is decreased. Growth retardation of ‘Mace’ has been achieved with daminozide (2), chlormequat (Carlson, unpublished data), ethephon (3), and ancymidol (3). Of these four compounds, ancymidol was the most effective The present study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing ancymidol concn applied at specific time periods during flower inducing (short day) conditions.
Influence of Fertilization and Watering on Acclimatization of Aphelandra squarrosa Nees cv. Dania1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse-grown ‘Dania’ aphelandra receiving 0.9 kg N, 0.4 kg P and 0.8 kg K/100 m2 per month were as tall as plants receiving 2 or 3 × levels and general appearance was equal. Plants watered daily or semi-weekly were larger than those watered weekly. Best plants after 8 weeks indoors under 0.8 klx of cool white fluorescent light for 12 hours daily were those produced on the lowest fertilizer level or those watered daily at any fertilizer level. Soluble salts measured on a 1.2 by volume basis at experiment termination indicated high plant grade was associated with salts levels generally below 1000 ppm.
Response by Carrots to Nitrogen and Assessment of Nitrogen Status by Plant Analysis1
Authors: Hipp Billy W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Under subtropical conditions yield response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) was obtained from Ν applications to 112 kg/ha with growth periods greater than 128 days. The adequate level of Ν in carrot tops was 2.8% and 4.0% dry weight when sampled 96 and 49 days after emergence, respectively.
Control of Citrus Stump Sprouts with Chemicals and Plastic Tarpaulin1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Atkin D. R. , Hench K. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Herbicides, growth regulators, and polyethylene plastic tarpaulins were applied or covered 14-year-old ‘Frost Valencia’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on Troyer Citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] stumps to control sprouts. Ammonium sulfamate (Ammate X), 2,4-D Esteron Ten Ten, 2,4-D Lithate, ammonium ethyl carbamoylphosphonate (Krenite), and polyethylene plastic tarpaulin gave best results for controlling resprouting.
The Response of Strawberry Yields to Soil Fumigation and Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Keefer R. F. , Hickman C. E. , Adams R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Strawberry (Fragana × ananassa Duch. cv. Surecrop) plots fumigated with Vorlex (a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and dichloropropanes-dichloropropenes) averaged 1148 kg per ha more berries than nonfumigated plots. Granular urea applied to the soil before planting was as effective in increasing fruit yield as an application split before planting and in August of the first growing year. Yield increased as the amount of Ν applied increased, but was not influenced by Ν source.
Control of Regrowth in Mechanically-hedged Apple Trees with NAA and Daminozide1
Authors: Lakso A. N. , Carpenter S. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment of headed-back 1-year-old dormant shoots of ‘Monroe’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Wayne’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with 1% naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in latex paint was relatively ineffective and gave inconsistent results; however, treatment of mechanically hedged shoots on established trees gave statistically significant reductions in regrowth, by reducing bud break of dormant buds on older wood. Regrowth in ‘Monroe’ trees was reduced with daminozide primarily by reducing shoot length.
Chemical Thinning of Spur ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ with Sevin and Vydate1
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The addition of a 70 second superior oil to Sevin (carbaryl; 1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) sprays enhanced the thinning effect on both spur ‘Golden Delicious’ and spur ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Vydate (oxamyl; methyl N’, N’-dimethyl-N [(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-l-thiooxamimidate) gave excellent thinning of spur ‘Golden Delicious’ without phytotoxic symptoms but increased fruit lenticel russeting. The addition of another oil ICI 411 F (17% surfactants) or 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn4,7 diol ethylene oxide adduct 65% by weight (Surfynol 465) to Sevin increased the thinning effect of Sevin on spur ‘Golden Delicious’. The Surfynol 465-Sevin combination also caused more russeting than most other Sevin combinations. The addition of Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K-30) and Sorbitol (Sorbo) did not alter the thinning effect of Sevin.
‘Kadesh’ Table Olive1
Authors: Lavee Shimon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The selection of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars goes back to early biblical times. The main objectives were high oil content and regional adaptability. Subsequently, olive cultivars were selected also on a size basis for table consumption. In the last hundred years, form and size of green table olives became even more important than their oil content, but still, the minimum oil content was not lower than 7 to 8% oil of fresh wt for green ripe fruit. Selection for low-oil-content olives has not been attempted in the past. However, with diet consciousness and increased awareness of public health, the development of low-oil-content olive, particularly for dietetic use is of interest. This release describes a new olive named ‘Kadesh’ with extrem ely low oil content, yield stability, and relatively easy rooting (1).