bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Farms, Cash Crops, Agrarian Ideals, and International Development
Authors: EFFLAND ANNE 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This address is an exploration of a lifetime of disparate and often conflicting observations about how different people view what is right and good for agriculture, food, and farmers around the world. The exploration utilizes the concept of wicked problems to focus on the issue of differing historical interpretations of global agricultural development. Sandra Bade defines wicked problems as "dynamically complex, ill-structured, public problems" for which "there can be radically different views and understanding of the problem by different stakeholders, with no unique ’correct’ view. "The wicked problem construct is applied to four core ideas in the history of agricultural development—small farms, cash crops, agrarian ideals, and international development—to demonstrate the potential for using this concept to approach complex problems of historical interpretation and contribute to solutions to the challenges of global agricultural development. The author suggests historians should acknowledge contradictory interpretations and work toward reconciliation and synthesis, where it is possible and, where not, toward a clear explication of the basis for remaining differences. The author also encourages historians to seek multidisciplinary research opportunities that will help bring insights about historical context to policy deliberations.
AGRICULTURAL HISTORY ROUNDTABLE COMPLICATING THE STORY: ORAL HISTORY AND THE STUDY OF THE RURAL SOUTH: LU ANN JONES, ADRIENNE PETTY, MARK SCHULTZ, REBECCA SHARPLESS, AND MELISSA WALKER
Authors: Jones Lu Ann , Petty Adrienne , Schultz Mark , Sharpless Rebecca , Walker Melissa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five historians who have used oral history to study the rural South assess the ways that oral history methodology and content have complicated our understanding of the region’s agricultural past. They explore two major themes: first, the ways that the information gathered in oral history interviews revealed the diversity and complexity of the rural South and second, how the dialectical process of the interview—the give and take between interviewer and informant—shaped their interpretation of that rural past. Sharpless and Jones examine new content gained through interviews with German Americans and plantation managers, who have been excluded from most studies. Through their personal experiences, Petty and Schultz consider the ways in which relationships between interviewer and interviewee shape the narrative, often obviating differences of class and particularly race. Walker frames the discussion from her experiences in interviewing a variety of rural Southerners.
The Front, the Frontier, Police Anarchy, and the Solidarity of the Shaken
Authors: Feldman Allen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay opens the question of the political genesis of fractal topologies from monolithic fronts of power and privation. The political front can no longer be encapsulated as a continuous norm-provisioning ground. Emerging frontier zones of violence jettison anachronistic centralized fronts of law and procedure in their wake. The political frontier is exemplified by the current fusion of warfare and lawfare — the extrajudicial violence of racialized and militarized policing, the right to look and inspect and the murder and carceralization of minorities, migrants, and cognate others. Police power, as the surviving repository and legatee of the historical wreckage of sovereignties past, is the anarchy that has captured the state in the present.
“Hindustan Is a Dream”
Authors: Taneja Anand Vivek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a time of dominant Hindu nationalism and rising Islamophobia in India, Urdu poetry is the medium in which an alternative political theology finds popular articulation, questioning the “normative horizon” of the nation-state. The political theology being articulated through Urdu poetry is one that is concerned not with the state, but with the constitution of the self through a network of thick relations to locality. The vision articulated by this alternate political theology — which draws on both long-standing Indo-Islamic traditions and the lived experience of Indian democracy — calls for a radical reimagining of intimate relations as the basis of belonging and the forming of political community.
Race, Gender, and Religion
Authors: Moallem Minoo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on anti-Muslim racism as a discourse that collapses race and religion and cannot be reduced to phobia. It is instead about a racial project of accumulation based on European superiority and how cultural racism upholds the European civilizational project. The author argues that Islamophobia should be traced back to colonial modernity, its regimes of othering, and its perception of Islam as Mohammedanism that conceals its nature as a fetishistic, primitive, barbaric, patriarchal, and irrational set of beliefs. To illustrate anti-Muslim racism, the author elaborates briefly on three interconnected ideas: the construction of Islam as a unified religious and cultural mindset, its fetishistic character, and its enigmatic image of the woman to reflect on how Islam is presented as the antonym of Western civilization.
The Entanglement of Secularism and Feminism in Pakistan
Authors: Jamal Amina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn many Muslim-majority societies, including Pakistan, liberal progressive subjects who espouse feminism and gender equality do so through the language of universal human rights and political secularism. This brings them into conflict not only with anti-secular rightwing conservatives within their own societies but also with progressive scholarly critics of secularism in other contexts. To clear the space for a nuanced understanding of feminist secularism in Pakistan, the author examines a unique style of politics that may be described as “secular” among middle-class Muslim women interviewed by the author in Karachi and Islamabad. She argues that the espousal of secularism by feminists as a political cultural discourse in South Asia can initiate a politics that challenges hegemonic notions of self, community, and nation that are gaining strength in Pakistan. This position militates against simplistic understandings of secular feminism in this Muslim-majority society as the politics of colonized subjects or as a hegemonic nexus for reproducing the discursive power of Eurocentric and universalist discourses.
A kinase-dead Csf1r mutation associated with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy has a dominant inhibitory impact on CSF1R signalling
Authors: Stables Jennifer , Green Emma K. , Sehgal Anuj , Patkar Omkar L. , Keshvari Sahar , Taylor Isis , Ashcroft Maisie E. , Grabert Kathleen , Wollscheid-Lengeling Evi , Szymkowiak Stefan , McColl Barry W. , Adamson Antony , Humphreys Neil E. , Mueller Werner , Starobova Hana , Vetter Irina , Shabestari Sepideh Kiani , Blurton-Jones Matthew M. , Summers Kim M. , Irvine Katharine M. , Pridans Clare , Hume David A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain of the human CSF1R gene are associated with autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). To model the human disease, we created a disease-associated mutation (pGlu631Lys; E631K) in the mouse Csf1r locus. Homozygous mutation (Csf1rE631K/E631K) phenocopied the Csf1r knockout, with prenatal mortality or severe postnatal growth retardation and hydrocephalus. Heterozygous mutation delayed the postnatal expansion of tissue macrophage populations in most organs. Bone marrow cells from Csf1rE631K/+mice were resistant to CSF1 stimulation in vitro, and Csf1rE631K/+ mice were unresponsive to administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein, which expanded tissue macrophage populations in controls. In the brain, microglial cell numbers and dendritic arborisation were reduced in Csf1rE631K/+ mice, as in patients with ALSP. The microglial phenotype is the opposite of microgliosis observed in Csf1r+/− mice. However, we found no evidence of brain pathology or impacts on motor function in aged Csf1rE631K/+ mice. We conclude that heterozygous disease-associated CSF1R mutations compromise CSF1R signalling. We speculate that leukoencephalopathy associated with dominant human CSF1R mutations requires an environmental trigger and/or epistatic interaction with common neurodegenerative disease-associated alleles.
Risk-taking coping style correlates with SERT SNP290 polymorphisms in free-living great tits
Authors: Riyahi Sepand , Carrillo-Ortiz José G. , Uribe Francesc , Calafell Francesc , Senar Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The coping style of an individual in relation to potentially dangerous situations has been suggested to be inherited in a polygenic fashion, SERT being one of the candidate genes. In this study, we assessed in free-living great tits (Parus major) the association between SNP290 in the SERT promoter and three standard fear-related behaviors: the response of the birds to a black-and-white flag fixed to the top of the nest box, distress calling rate of the birds in the hand once captured and the hissing call of incubating females when approached by a predator. We found a strong association between SNP290 polymorphism and the three risk-taking behaviors, with birds with genotype CT entering the nest box with the flag faster and displaying more distress calls and fewer hissing calls. CT birds could therefore be described as more proactive than CC individuals. These results also suggest that hissing behavior should be regarded as a fear-induced shy behavior, and confirm that SERT has an important function in relation to risk aversion behaviors and coping style.
Comparative study of conventional ROI-based and volumetric histogram analysis derived from CT enhancement in differentiating malignant and benign renal tumors
Authors: Zhu Qingqiang , Zou Jinzhao , Ye Jing , Zhu Wenrong , Wu Jingtao , Chen Wenxin 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To quantitatively compare the diagnostic values of conventional region of interest (ROI)-based and volumetric histogram analysis derived from CT enhancement in differentiating malignant and benign renal tumors. Methods: A total of 230 patients with pathologically confirmed renal tumors who had undergone CT enhancement were classified into clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (n = 133), non-ccRCC (n = 56), and benign renal tumor(n = 41) group. Parametric CT enhancement of each tumor from volumetric histogram were obtained using in-house software, including 10th percentile, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, 90th percentile, mean, standard deviation, as well as skewness, kurtosis and entropy, and histogram metrics among these groups were analyzed. ROI-based enhancement density was also analyzed. Results: The entropy and SD values of ccRCCs were higher than those of non-ccRCCs and benign renal tumors (p < 0.05). The 10th percentile, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, 90th percentile and mean values of ccRCCs were lower than those of benign renal tumors, however, higher than those of non-ccRCCs (p < 0.05). The ROI-based enhancement density of non-ccRCCs were lower than those of ccRCCs and benign renal tumors(p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that entropy and mean values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCCs/non-ccRCCs and benign renal tumors. ROC curve analyses showed that mean values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCCs and non-ccRCCs. In terms of pairwise comparisons of ROC curves and diagnostic efficacy, ROI-based CT enhancement density was worse than volumetric histogram analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Volumetric histogram analysis parameters can effectively distinguish malignant and benign renal tumors. Advances in knowledge: 1. Entropy and mean values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCCs/ non-ccRCCs and benign renal tumors. 2. Mean values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCCs and non-ccRCCs. 3.Volumetric histogram analysis had better performance than ROI-based enhancement density.
Practical needs and considerations for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons with neurological disorders: Recommendations using a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen , Sakadi Foksouna , Hiew Fu-Liong , Rodriguez-Leyva Ildefonso , Kruja Jera , Wasay Mohammad , Seidi Osheik AbuAsha , Abdel-Aziz Saad , Nafissi Shahriar , Mateen Farrah ,   Global Working Group for Refugees with Neurological Needs
Published: March 2022

Background: There are >70 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, including refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. While the health needs of forcibly displaced people have been characterized in the literature, more still needs to be done globally to translate this knowledge into effective policies and actions, particularly in neurology. Methods: In 2020, a global network of published experts on neurological disease and refugees was convened. Nine physician experts from nine countries (2 low, 1 lower-middle income, 5 upper-middle, 1 high income) with experience treating displaced people originating from 18 countries participated in three survey and two discussion rounds in accordance with the Delphi method. Results: A consensus list of priority interventions for treating neurological conditions in displaced people was created, agnostic to cost considerations, with the ten highest ranking tests or treatments ranked as: computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, levetiracetam, acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, paracetamol, sodium valproate, basic blood tests, steroids and anti-tuberculous medication. The most important contextual considerations (100% consensus) were all economic and political, including the economic status of the displaced person’s country of origin, the host country, and the stage in the asylum seeking process. The annual cost to purchase the ten priority neurological interventions for the entire displaced population was estimated to be 220 million USD for medications and 4.2 billion USD for imaging and tests. Conclusions: A need for neuroimaging and anti-seizure medications for forcibly displaced people was emphasized. These recommendations could guide future research and investment in neurological care for forcibly displaced people.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for stroke and transient ischaemic attack: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burton Edel , McCarthy Vera JC , Merwick Aine , Kearney Patricia M , Buckley Claire M 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted on health service provision worldwide, including care for acute time sensitive conditions. Stroke and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) are particularly vulnerable to pressures on healthcare delivery as they require immediate diagnosis and treatment. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for stroke/TIA is still largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for stroke and TIA.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review is registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022315260). Peer-reviewed quantitative studies comparing prehospital emergency care for adults with stroke/TIA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic will be considered for inclusion. The outcomes of interest are ambulance response times and emergency call volumes for stroke/TIA. A systematic search of databases including PubMed, Embase and Scopus will be conducted. Two authors will independently screen studies for inclusion based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment will be conducted by two authors. Meta-analysis will be performed to calculate overall pooled estimates of ambulance response times (primary outcome) and stroke/TIA call volumes (secondary outcome), where appropriate. Where heterogeneity is low a fixed-effects model will be used and where heterogeneity is high a random-effects model will be used. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will include location, stroke/TIA diagnosis and COVID-19 case numbers.ResultsData on primary and secondary outcomes will be provided. Results of subgroup/sensitivity analyses and quality assessment will also be presented.Conclusions This review will identify existing literature reporting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for adult patients with stroke/TIA and provide summary estimates of effects on ambulance response times.
Dynamics of carbon pool in Oak dominated community forests of District Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bagri Ajendra Singh , Singh Neeraj , Singh Ankit , Singh Hardeep , Hussian Jaffer , Dhingra Gulshan , Tiwari Prabhawati 
Published: March 2022

The present study was carried out community forest of Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand. The amount of growing stock volume density in the study region were ranges between 28.21 m3/ha and 44.59 m3/ha, above-ground biomass density ranges between 200.59 Mg ha-1 and 238.44 Mg ha-1, belowground biomass density range between 128.03 and 192.96 Mg/ha, total biomass density was in the range of 287.76 and 431.40 Mg ha-1 and total carbon density ranges between 162.40 and 194.13 Mg ha-1. The isolation of total biomass density into aboveground and belowground parts showed a similar pattern in every one of the forest locales. Present study proposes that community forests play a vital role in ecosystem health they are playing their job quietly in the moderation of environmental carbon and crucial for future planning. Loss of old community forestry system is centre for concern to the forest department, forest rangers and forestry researchers. Protection of community forests is an urgent need for the maintenance of community ecosystem in temperate region of Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand. Preservation of the both young and old growth forests is the best way to adapt to environmental change and a worldwide temperature alteration. As we probably are aware the pattern of old cultivating in the networks close to the urban communities is decrease and will be supplanted by present day procedures so we need to look through some new strategy and execution to monitor the old cultivating methods. The ground stock volume density shows moderate positive correlation with altitude (r =0.325) while above ground biomass density (r = 0.203) below ground biomass density, total biomass density and total carbon density shows week positive correlation with altitude (r =0.117, r = 0.194 and r = 0.194 respectively). The Linear regression shows that ground stock volume density, above ground biomass density, below ground biomass density, total biomass density and total carbon density not dependent only altitude some other factor affecting them. While as above ground biomass density show highly positive correlation with total biomass density and total carbon density whereas altitude show less positive correlation with below ground biomass density).
Courteous or Crude? Managing User Conduct to Improve On-Demand Service Platform Performance
Authors: Mai Yunke , Hu Bin , Pekeč Saša 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study how an on-demand service platform could improve its performance through managing user conduct. In such a platform, service providers may reject certain platform-proposed service requests, and their responses, in turn, incentivize users to adjust their conduct. We develop an evolutionary game theory model of user conduct and provider responses that shows that the platform could improve user conduct through either setting a low wage for service providers or implementing priority matching. Building upon these results, we further model providers and users joining and leaving the platform by once again utilizing the evolutionary game theory approach. We find that wage setting alone is a blunt instrument to improve platform performance via managing user conduct, whereas supplementing the wage decision with priority matching could overcome its limitations and serve as an effective strategy to further improve platform performance in terms of growth and profitability. This finding suggests that matching prioritization could be an important strategy for managing platforms with user and provider heterogeneities. In addition, our analysis and results also demonstrate the potential of the evolutionary game theory approach for analyzing the impact of pricing and matching decisions on the performance of large markets. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4391 .
Cooperation with Strangers: Spillover of Community Norms
Authors: Molina Mario , Nee Victor , Holm Hakan 
Published: March 2022

Why do leaders of organizations cooperate with players with whom they may never transact again? Such transactions can involve the incentives to exploit the other party because these interactions are not recurrent or embedded in networks. Yet, in a market economy, organizational actors learn to cooperate with strangers; otherwise, they risk closure from new ideas and business opportunities outside of their local community. With a large random sample of CEOs of manufacturing firms in the Yangzi River Delta region of China, we measured social norms using vignettes that describe hypothetical situations illustrating the social mechanisms of norm enforcement in respondents’ local communities. Several years later, in a laboratory-in-the-field experiment, we asked the same participants to play a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game with a complete stranger. Our findings suggest that belief in the reliability of robust norm enforcement is positively associated with a higher probability of cooperation with strangers. To our knowledge, this mixed-method study is the first to explore the relationship between social norms and cooperation with strangers using a large sample of leaders of organizations outside the environment of the laboratory. Finally, to explore the generalizability of our behavioral findings, we experimentally manipulated norm vignettes and study the PD game in online experiments with managers in the Yangzi River Delta region. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: V. Nee gratefully acknowledges funding for research from the John Templeton Foundation (2005-2009 and 2015-2018), and from the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell University. H. Holm thanks the Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation for funding lab-in-the-field behavioral game. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1521 .