bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Niche Partitioning in a Bird Assembly in Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Lucena Bruno Pinho , Mariano Erich de Freitas , de Araujo Helder Farias Pereira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe investigated vocal adjustment andacoustic niche partitioning in a bird assemblage in the Caatinga based on the Acoustic Niche Hypothesis and the Species Recognition Hypothesis. We conducted 72 recordings of 3‐min duration along two transects of 1 km length, between July 2022 and February 2023. Each transect was divided into six points, spaced 200 m apart. We analysed the spectral and temporal overlap (Pianka index) of 15 vocally dominant species and tested significance using null models based on 1000 repetitions of the Randomization Algorithm 3. Phylogenetic distances were estimated from 2500 phylogenies to assess their correlation with acoustic overlap, using Generalised Linear Models and a partial Mantel test. Twenty‐five species pairs exhibited high spectral overlap (> 0.6), whereas all pairs showed low temporal overlap (< 0.4). The analysis with null models suggested that the observed spectral overlap (0.322) was lower than expected by chance (0.261), indicating a significant difference [Standardised Effect Size (SES) = 7.162, p < 1]. The temporal overlap showed low values, with the observed (0.097) being slightly lower than the expected (0.111), but with no significant difference (SES = −6.752, p > 1). Our results revealed no correlation between spectral and temporal overlap (Estimate = −0.0059, t = −0.286, p = 0.766) or between phylogenetic distance and spectral (Estimate = −0.0001, t = −0.966, p = 0.336) and temporal (Estimate = 0.00002, t = 0.125, p = 0.901) overlap. There was also no significant correlation between spectral and temporal overlap controlled by phylogenetic distance (r = −0.02712, p = 0.553). There was no evidence of a negative association between the temporal and spectral overlap among the Caatinga bird species. The phylogenetic relationships did not explain the observed patterns. Therefore, it is possible that temporal avoidance actively occurs regardless of other factors, such as spectral overlap.
Owners of a conspiratorial heart? Investigating the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Bertlich Tisa , Bräscher Anne‐Kathrin , Germer Sylvan , Witthöft Michael , Imhoff Roland 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFeeling positively connected to other people is a basic human need. If this need is threatened by feeling lonely, people might become more susceptible to conspiracy theories to help make sense of their surroundings. Simultaneously, conspiracy beliefs could lead to loneliness because they can strain existing relationships. Using two pre‐registered longitudinal studies, we investigated the reciprocal relationship between loneliness and conspiracy mentality (Study 1, N = 1604) and the more malleable specific conspiracy beliefs (Study 2, N = 1502) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models showed that people who are, on average, lonelier are also more likely to believe in conspiracy theories. However, the data provided no support for the notion that conspiracy beliefs and loneliness predicted each other over time. The research helps to understand the thus far mixed evidence on loneliness and conspiracy beliefs and adds important insights to the literature on conspiracy beliefs and need deprivation.
First Evidence of Fluorescence in Bornean Terrestrial and Freshwater Crabs
Authors: Platania Leonardo , Ledesma Vega Marta , Zakaria Bob , Vannini Andrea 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe report the first case of fluorescence in four species of terrestrial and freshwater crabs from Sarawak, Borneo. We observed blue fluorescence in all the individuals examined. This study provides detailed descriptions of the fluorescence characteristics across different species contributing to understanding this phenomenon in Decapoda.
Clinical Features of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase‐65 Neurological Autoimmunity: A Case Series From China
Authors: Qiu Zhandong , Xu Fang , Zhang Mengyao , Yang Xixi , Han Yan , Li Dawei , Liu Liang , Chen Jia , Gao Lehong , Xue Qing , Hou Yue , Sun Ying , Di Li , Fan Chunqiu , Liang Junhua , Han Yue , Dong Huiqing , Hao Junwei , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the clinical phenotypes, characteristics, immunotherapy response, and outcomes of glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 (GAD65) neurological autoimmunity.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity in the Department of Neurology at Xuanwu Hospital over the past 6 years (2017–2023). The clinical and laboratory data, imaging, therapeutic response, and long‐term prognosis of those patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsAmong the 37 patients displaying significant neurological impairment, there were 14 males (37.8%) and 23 females (62.2%), with a median age of onset of 41.5 (25–59) years and a median interval of 9 (1.5–36) months from onset to a definitive diagnosis. Clinical phenotypes included epilepsy (15, 40.5%), limbic encephalitis (7, 18.9%), brainstem dysfunction (2, 5.4%), parkinsonism (2, 5.4%), peripheral neuropathy (3, 8.1%), cerebellar ataxia (1, 2.7%), and overlap syndromes (7, 18.9%). Out of 36 patients who received immunotherapy, the median time from onset to initiation of immunotherapy was 8.5 (1.5–37.5) months. Four cases were lost to follow‐up, leaving a median follow‐up period of 20.5 (16–37.25) months among the remaining 32 patients. Most patients (26, 81.3%) responded positively to immunotherapy, with some showing mild improvement or no response. Some patients showed inadequate responses to treatments such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), but significant improvement is observed after switching to rituximab (RTX). The relationship between the timing of initiating immunotherapy and prognosis by Spearman's rank correlation only showed weak correlation.ConclusionThe clinical spectrum of GAD65 neurological autoimmunity appeared highly diverse. Immunotherapy can benefit the majority of patients, and early treatment appeared to be associated with good prognosis. RTX may be more effective than MMF; however, this requires more rigorous prospective studies to explore.
Drain fluid iodine as a biomarker of anastomotic leak after low anterior resection in patients undergoing Gastrografin rectal tube flushes and omission of a diverting ileostomy: The GUSH study
Authors: Clark David A. , Dobeli Karen , Allen Darren , McWhinney Brett , Lonne Michael ,   GUSH Study Collaborators, Edmundson Aleksandra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimAnastomotic leak (AL) is the anathema of colorectal surgery and its occurrence constitutes a serious risk to patients and places a substantial burden on the health system. The analysis of extravasated intraluminal substances in drain fluid has shown promise for the early detection of AL. The aim of this study is to assess the measurement of drain fluid iodine as a biomarker of AL.MethodThis prospective, observational, 2b exploration cohort study measured the iodine in drain fluid of patients undergoing a low colorectal anastomosis and without a diverting ileostomy (DI) when the rectal tube was flushed with Gastrografin®. Iodine was measured by dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS).ResultsSixty‐six patients underwent a rectal resection and low colorectal anastomosis. Five patients experienced an AL. Four had grade C AL and returned to the operating theatre for peritoneal lavage and DI. The fifth was diagnosed at 30 days postoperatively and underwent image‐guided drainage (grade B). The mean drain fluid iodine was significantly elevated in patients who experienced an AL compared with those who did not, as measured by DECT and ICPMS. The mean iodine value was 6.05 mg/mL vs. 0.088 mg/mL (p < 0.0001) for DECT and 41 437 μmol/L vs. 3.81 μmol/L (p < 0.0001) for ICPMS.ConclusionThis study showed that drain iodine can be used as a sensitive indicator of early AL in patients undergoing a rectal resection with an extraperitoneal colorectal anastomosis and omission of a DI and when the rectal tube is flushed with Gastrografin following surgery.
General Movements Assessment and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination for early diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infants born at term treated with therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Moss Sara N. , Keene Jennifer C. , Winter Sarah L. , Baserga Mariana , Ayala Lauren , Evans Wendy G. , Ostrander Betsy E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo establish if the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) support the early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) in a cohort of infants who have undergone therapeutic hypothermia.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study from a large single center between 2018 and 2022. Sample size included surviving 112 infants with follow‐up (68 males, 44 females) with a mean gestational age of 39 weeks (interquartile range 38–40), diagnosed with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy who underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Groups were compared using Fisher's exact and Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsThe absence of normal fidgety movements at the 3‐month GMA was highly associated with CP (p < 0.001, sensitivity 89%, specificity 89%). HINE scores were associated with CP at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months (p < 0.001; sensitivity 82%–90%, specificity 95%–100%). The HINE scores, which optimally differentiated those with and without CP, were less than 47 at 3 months, less than 51 at 6 months, and less than 64 at the 9‐month follow‐up.InterpretationThe GMA and HINE were predictive of CP in infants born at term with neonatal encephalopathy who had undergone therapeutic hypothermia. Atypical (absent or abnormal) fidgety movements on the GMA at 3 months and the HINE score at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months were all highly associated with CP diagnosis with more than 80% sensitivity and more than 90% specificity. The optimal HINE cutoff score for predicting CP may differ from infants born preterm and will benefit from further analysis.
Feasibility of a multidisciplinary pilot intervention for parent/caregiver diabetes distress
Authors: Alkhatib E. H. , Segawa M. , Danner A. , Kasper H. , Frymark E. , Roberts S. , Clary L. , Streisand R. , Majidi S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsCaregiver diabetes distress (DD) consists of negative emotions about a child's T1D diagnosis and has been associated with increased child haemoglobin A1c and family conflict. The primary aim was to identify the feasibility and acceptability of a multidisciplinary pilot intervention for caregiver DD in a diverse academic pediatric diabetes centre. Another primary aim was to determine the percentage of local caregivers with DD. A secondary aim was to determine if the intervention affected caregiver DD. We also explored potential associations between caregiver DD and demographic and diabetes‐related characteristics.MethodsIndividual interviews with five caregivers with DD (who did not participate in the intervention) were held pre‐intervention, in order to gather qualitative, open‐ended feedback on prepared educational materials. As a pilot feasibility study, we held 3 monthly, one‐hour educational and support group virtual sessions per cohort (6–8 caregivers) on Nutrition, Fear of Hypoglycemia and Parent/Child Collaboration. Sessions were attended by an endocrinologist with leaders from other disciplines including dietician, diabetes educator and/or social worker. Target enrollment was 30 caregivers with DD (PAID‐PR/Problem Areas in Diabetes—Parent Revised score of ≥56/100) of children 5–17 years old with T1D for ≥6 months. Data include demographic information, pre‐/post‐ PAID‐PR scores, caregivers' session satisfaction ratings and open‐ended written feedback. We also examined data from 26 parents of children who did not have elevated scores on DD (the comparison group) and were not invited to attend the intervention sessions.ResultsCaregiver participants were 85% women, ages 42.5 ± 11.3 years; children's characteristics: 38% girls, ages 11.1 ± 2.1 years, 47.6% Black, 33.3% Caucasian, 9.5% Hispanic, 9.6% other, 43% public insurance, mean diabetes duration 4.3 ± 0.18 years and A1c 8.5 ± 0.7% (69.4 mmol/mol). Pre‐ and post‐intervention PAID‐PR scores improved from 68 to 51 (p < 0.05). This was sustained 3 months post‐intervention with a mean PAID‐PR of 42 (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe pilot intervention was feasible, with two‐thirds of caregivers attending ≥2 sessions. Reported DD improved over time. Limitations include a small initial sample. Future directions include expanding this study to a larger population and ultimately incorporating a similar support program into the clinical setting as part of routine outpatient diabetes care.
Anti‐VEGF monotherapy versus anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser or intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy for diabetic macular edema: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Cao Yang , Cao Xiaoming , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Xiaoxia , Zhang Zengyu , Zai Xinyu , Yan Zheyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsTo conduct a network meta‐analysis (NMA) comparing the efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy versus anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser or intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME).Materials and MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials comparing anti‐VEGF monotherapy with anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser or intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy for DME. The primary outcomes included the mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) changes from the baseline. A NMA for continuous outcomes was conducted using a fixed‐effects model, with mean difference (MD) and corresponding 95% credible interval (CI) reported.ResultsThe NMA included 21 randomized controlled trials involving 1798 eyes. Anti‐VEGF monotherapy and anti‐VEGF combined with laser or intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy did not significantly change the mean CMT and BCVA at 6 and 12 months from the baseline. Simulation‐based ranking results for mean BCVA changes suggested that anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser therapy was likely the most effective at 6 (70.7515%) and 12 (70.9315%) months. Similar results were observed in the simulation‐based ranking of mean CMT changes, suggesting that anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser therapy was likely the most effective at 6 (83.6350%) and 12 (74.7730%) months.ConclusionsAnti‐VEGF monotherapy and anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser or intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy exerted comparable effects. However, the ranking chart recommends anti‐VEGF therapy combined with laser therapy. Meanwhile, anti‐VEGF therapy combined with intravitreal glucocorticoid therapy did not demonstrate significant benefits.
Are your students “Wired That Way?”: Integrating personality types into the administration of group projects
Authors: Taylor Lorraine L. , Butler Madeleine A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCompared to more complex personality assessments, Wired That Way by Marita Littauer, presents four personality types that students find easy to understand and internalize: Popular Sanguine, Powerful Choleric, Perfect Melancholy, and Peaceful Phlegmatic. Students’ awareness of their own and their peers’ classification in this comprehensive personality plan can be useful in the administration of group projects and other classroom activities. The understanding and application of the innate strengths and weaknesses of each personality type in a group setting provides tools and language that enable students to navigate challenges. This Teaching Brief presents the benefits and process of incorporating Wired That Way into the administration of group projects. Recommendations are based on analyzing the outcomes of a group project over 6 years for 402 students in 125 groups in 18 sections of an upper‐division undergraduate Business Administration course in Tourism and Hospitality Management. Analysis results demonstrate that the personality makeup of individuals in a group can influence project component grades, most notably how the personalities in each group influence creativity, group cohesion, and overall project performance.
Resources Allocated for Undergraduate Education in Oral Radiology in European Dentistry Programmes: A Survey Study
Authors: Ahlqvist Jan , Levring Jäghagen Eva , Friedlander‐Barenboim Silvina , Clarkson Rosalyn , Ferreira Da Costa Jorge , Fisekcioglu Erdogan , Mitsea Anastasia , Szopinski Kazimierz , Lindh Christina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThe Education Committee of the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology should ‘encourage and support high levels of graduate and postgraduate education in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) all over Europe’. For this reason, the committee aimed to formulate a document describing resources allocated for undergraduate education within oral radiology in Europe today that can serve as a benchmark against which dental schools and/or countries with dentistry programmes can relate their undergraduate education.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire addressing resources allocated for learning oral radiology was distributed to colleagues involved in oral radiology education in 117 dental schools in 29 countries in Europe.ResultsThe answers represent approximately 13% of the dental schools in 40% of the countries providing dental education in Europe. There was a large variation regarding qualifications among teachers. There were also large differences in reported time dedicated to oral radiology courses, within some parts the allocated time differed by a factor 16.DiscussionAn ambition to achieve high standards in oral radiology all over Europe should, based on the results of this survey, start with an effort to attain consensus regarding the role of oral radiology in dental education. The involvement of dentists with DMFR specialist training, would support high levels of undergraduate education.ConclusionThe results of this survey include information that educators and authorities can relate to in planning and implementation of new or revised curriculum. The ambition should be to increase teachers' competence and to work towards more harmonised and extensive courses in oral radiology.
The Desire for Desire: Hegel's Constitutive Model of Rationality in Chapter IV
Authors: Suther Jensen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA longstanding interpretive issue concerning Chapter IV of the Phenomenology of Spirit is how to understand the singularly difficult discussion of the role of life in the development of self‐consciousness. Some readers hold that self‐consciousness consists in the recognition of one's independence from the demands of life, while others have argued that self‐consciousness is both life and more than life at once. This paper rejects these readings and contributes to the ongoing discussion surrounding “additive” versus “transformative” models of rationality by arguing that Hegel develops a third way in Chapter IV, what I call the constitutive model of rationality (CMR). I argue that the master–slave dialectic in Chapter IV vindicates the CMR by attempting to deny it. On my reading, Hegel shows that organic desire in creatures like us cannot be satisfied as such in the absence of the reciprocal recognition of the rationality of desire.
Prospective randomised comparison of different antimicrobial protocols for the prevention of surgical site infections in horses undergoing emergency exploratory celiotomy
Authors: Christie Katharine D. , Epstein Kira L. , Tyma Jesse F. , Afonso Tiago , Fultz Lisa E. , Giguère Steeve 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is an important complication following emergency celiotomy in the horse. Judicious antimicrobial use is important for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance and the limitation of antimicrobial‐associated complications. Previous studies in horses have found no association between SSI and perioperative antimicrobial duration, but the ideal duration of antimicrobial administration in horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy remains unclear.ObjectiveTo compare SSI and describe post‐operative complications, survival, duration and cost of hospitalisation in horses receiving one of two antimicrobial protocols following clean or select clean‐contaminated emergency exploratory celiotomy.Study DesignProspective randomised clinical study.MethodsAdult horses undergoing clean or selected clean‐contaminated emergency celiotomy at The University of Georgia Teaching Hospital (2013–2019) were prospectively enrolled and randomised to protocol A (pre‐ and intra‐operative antimicrobials only, n = 39) or protocol B (antimicrobials continued for 72 h of post‐operative administration, n = 37). Incisional closure and protection were standardised. The prevalence of SSI was compared between protocols for horses surviving beyond day five of hospitalisation and additional clinical outcomes were described.ResultsHorses in protocol A had an increased prevalence of SSI during hospitalisation compared with protocol B (6/37 [16%] vs. 0/35 [0%]; p = 0.03). The difference was of borderline significance at 4 weeks post‐operatively (7/32 [22%] vs. 1/31 [3%]; p = 0.05).Main LimitationsPlanned enrolment was not met, providing only enough data for a small study. Numbers were limited by inclusion criteria as well as difficulties regarding owner consent and surgeon‐determined enrolment. In light of the low statistical power of the study, results should be used to direct further research, and caution must be taken in applying them to clinical practice.ConclusionsThe difference in hospitalised SSI between groups and the low prevalence of SSI, particularly in the 72‐h post‐operative group, supports the need for continued research to determine optimal antimicrobial duration and protocols to reduce SSI in horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy.