bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong parallel evidence of selection during switchgrass sward establishment in hybrid and lowland ecotypes
Authors: Tilhou Neal W. , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Casler Michael D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSwitchgrass sward establishment results in up to 90% seedling mortality. The degree of selection during sward establishment has not been reported using modern genetic methods.MethodsPooled leaf samples were sequenced from replicated swards of 46 half‐sib families from two breeding groups (lowland and hybrid) before and through 3 years of stand establishment. Pooled allele frequencies were then assessed using fixation indices (Fst) and an independent data set was used to predict the polygenic impact of establishment selection on two traits (heading date and winter survivorship). Last, the DNA pools were assigned survival rankings to predict the sward survival genomically estimated breeding values within the training data set.ResultsStrong and parallel selection occured in both breeding groups. Five genomic regions exceeded the significant threshold of 99.9% in >10 families, indicating consistent selection across families and breeding groups. Polygenic trait predictions determined that establishment selection was partially associated with winter survivorship but resulted in variable heading date alterations. The genomewide variation is consistent with selection for a small number of related parental lines.ConclusionsThis study observed strong selection for a small number of hybrid and coastal ecotype individuals which are promising germplasm sources for improved sward survival. This confirms prior reports of sward selection during grassland establishment and highlights the strength of pooled DNA sequencing for survival traits.
Photothermal controls of vegetative dormancy in Poa secunda
Authors: Chen Allen A. , Fei Shui‐zhang , Lenssen Andrew W. , Moore Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSummer vegetative dormancy is a desirable trait in cool‐season grasses when they are interplanted with annual crops. Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl.) shows summer dormancy, but the environmental cues that control dormancy remain unknown.MethodsA controlled environment study using temperature and day length combinations of 32.2°C/15 h, 26.6°C/14 h, 21.1°C/13 h, and 15.5°C/12 h was conducted with P. secunda accessions PI232347, PI639272, and PI232348, and ‘Audubon’ red fescue as a nondormant control to determine the optimum treatment for dormancy induction. A second study using treatments of 26.6°C/14 h, 21.1°C/13 h, and 15.5°C/12 h was conducted to determine the thresholds for dormancy release. A third study used a factorial experiment with two temperatures (32.2°C and 15.5°C) and two day lengths (15 and 12 h) to differentiate between temperature and day length effects on dormancy induction.ResultsOf the four temperature and day length combinations, all except for 15.5°C/12 h resulted in dormancy by the end of 6 weeks, with 32.2°C/15 h inducing dormancy in only 17 days. Of the three treatments for dormancy release, 15.5°C/12 h broke dormancy the fastest in all accessions and released the most number of plants from dormancy. Considerable variation existed between accessions for the speed of dormancy release in the 21.1°C/13 h and 26.6°C/14 h treatments. The third study showed that temperature is the primary inducer for summer dormancy, while longer day length may promote dormancy under inductive temperatures.ConclusionsThis study identified the optimum photothermal for induction and release of summer dormancy in P. secunda, which will help future studies in elucidating the mechanism of summer dormancy.
Use, calibration and verification of agroecological models for boreal environments: A review
Authors: Forster Daniel , Helama Samuli , Harrison Matthew T. , Rotz Clarence Alan , Chang Jinfeng , Ciais Phillippe , Pattey Elizabeth , Virkajärvi Perttu , Shurpali Narasinha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPast assessments report negative impacts of the climate crisis in boreal areas; but milder and shorter winters and elevated atmospheric CO2may provide opportunities for agricultural productivity potentially playing a significant role in future food security. Arable cropping systems are expanding in boreal areas, but the regional mainstay will likely continue to be livestock production. Agroecological models can when appropriately calibrated and evaluated, facilitate improved productivity while minimising environmental impacts by identifying system interactions, and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon stocks and fertiliser use. While models designed for temperate and tropical zones abound, few are developed specifically for boreal zones, and there is uncertainty around the performance of existing models in boreal areas. We reviewed model performance across boreal environments and management systems. We identified a dearth of modelling studies in boreal regions, with the publication of three or less papers per year since the year 2000, constituting a significant research gap. Models IFSM and BASGRA_N performed best in grassland production, DNDC best in predicting soil N2O and NH3emissions. No model outperformed all others, strengthening the case for ensemble modelling. Existing agroecological models would be worthy of further evaluation, providing model improvements designed for boreal systems.
Predictors of nursing home placement at 2 years in Alzheimer's disease: A follow‐up survey from the THERAD study
Authors: Villars Hélène , Gardette Virginie , Frayssignes Pauline , Deperetti Eva , Perrin Amélie , Cantet Christelle , Soto‐Martin Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesNursing Home Placement (NHP) can prove to be the only solution to some dead‐end situations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The predictors of NHP are known and can be related to either the person with dementia or his/her caregiver. We aimed to identify predictors of NHP among people with AD over a 2‐year follow‐up period, with a particular interest in the modifiable predictors, notably those involving caregivers.MethodsWe studied data from the THERAD study, a French monocentric randomized controlled trial, involving 196 community‐dwelling dyads, primarily assessing an educational intervention in AD. We performed a bivariate analysis followed by a multivariate Cox model, with a backward stepwise procedure.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 82 years old, 67.7% were women and 56.9% were living with a partner. The mean age of the caregivers was 65.8 years old, 64.6% were women and half were spouses of the patients with a moderate burden. During the follow‐up, 23 patients died and 49 were institutionalized. The majority of NHPs occurred during the first year (35 NHP). The mean time to NHP was 27.77 months after the diagnosis. Five independent predictors of NHP were found: a higher patient education level (aHR 6.31; CI95% = 1.88–21.22), a high caregiver Burden (aHR 3.97; CI95% = 1.33–11.85), the caregiver being the offspring of the patient (aHR 2.92; CI95% = 1.43–5.95), loss of autonomy (aHR 2.75; CI95% = 1.13–6.65) and disinhibition as a behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) (aHR 2.38; CI95% = 1.26–4.47).ConclusionsOur data are in accordance with the literature in identifying loss of autonomy, burden and BPSD (disinhibition) as risk factors of NHP. We also found high patient education level and status of offspring caregiver as additional factors. It is essential to take into account the caregiver status when designing psychoeducational trials aiming to delay NHP. Further studies need to take into account both the modifiable risk factors related to the patient (productive BPSD) and the needs of offspring caregivers (work–life balance, mental load).
Spindle–slow oscillation coupling correlates with memory performance and connectivity changes in a hippocampal network after sleep
Authors: Bastian Lisa , Samanta Anumita , Ribeiro de Paula Demetrius , Weber Frederik D. , Schoenfeld Robby , Dresler Martin , Genzel Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter experiences are encoded, post‐encoding reactivations during sleep have been proposed to mediate long‐term memory consolidation. Spindle–slow oscillation coupling during NREM sleep is a candidate mechanism through which a hippocampal‐cortical dialogue may strengthen a newly formed memory engram. Here, we investigated the role of fast spindle‐ and slow spindle–slow oscillation coupling in the consolidation of spatial memory in humans with a virtual watermaze task involving allocentric and egocentric learning strategies. Furthermore, we analyzed how resting‐state functional connectivity evolved across learning, consolidation, and retrieval of this task using a data‐driven approach. Our results show task‐related connectivity changes in the executive control network, the default mode network, and the hippocampal network at post‐task rest. The hippocampal network could further be divided into two subnetworks of which only one showed modulation by sleep. Decreased functional connectivity in this subnetwork was associated with higher spindle–slow oscillation coupling power, which was also related to better memory performance at test. Overall, this study contributes to a more holistic understanding of the functional resting‐state networks and the mechanisms during sleep associated to spatial memory consolidation.
The impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on late irradiation injury in oral microcirculation
Authors: Helmers Renée , Milstein Dan M. J. , Straat Nina F. , Navran Arash , Teguh David N. , van Hulst Robert A. , Smeele Ludi E. , de Lange Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLate side effects of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNCPs) result in decreased tissue vascularity, a compromised healing capacity and spontaneous breakdown of tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the microcirculation in irradiated oral tissue.MethodsUsing a handheld microscope, the effect of HBOT on oral mucosal microcirculation parameters was measured in 34 previously irradiated HNCPs prior to HBOT and at 4 weeks and 6 months posttreatment.ResultsA significant increase in mean buccal vessel density and decrease in buccal vessel diameter was found 6 months after HBOT compared to baseline, 22 ± 11 versus 25 ± 7 cpll/mm2 (p < 0.05) and 20 ± 4 versus 16 ± 5 μm (p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionOur results indicate that oral microcirculation histopathology associated with irradiation is able to respond to HBOT by redirecting oral microcirculation parameters towards values consistent with healthy tissue.
Machine perfusion in liver transplantation
Authors: Sousa Da Silva Richard X. , Weber Achim , Dutkowski Philipp , Clavien Pierre‐Alain 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although liver transplantation is a true success story, many patients still die awaiting an organ. The increasing need for liver grafts therefore remains an unsolved challenge to the transplant community. To address this, transplant donor criteria have been expanded and, for example, more liver grafts with significant steatosis or from donors with circulatory death are being used. These marginal grafts, however, carry an increased risk of graft‐associated complications, such as primary nonfunction, delayed graft function, or late biliary injuries. Therefore, reliable assessment of graft viability before use is essential for further success. To achieve this, machine liver perfusion, a procedure developed more than 50 years ago but almost forgotten at the end of the last century, is again of great interest. We describe in this review the clinical most applied machine perfusion techniques, their mechanistic background, and a novel concept of combining immediate organ assessment during hypothermic oxygenated perfusion, followed by an extended phase of normothermic machine perfusion, with simultaneous ex situ treatment of the perfused liver. Such a new approach may allow the pool of usable livers to dramatically increase and improve outcomes for recipients.
Shock/expansion fan interaction with real gas effects for Earth and Mars atmospheric conditions
Authors: Das Dipankar , Desai Siddesh , Kulkarni Vinayak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerical simulations are performed to investigate the real gas effects on shock/expansion fan interaction. Initial perfect gas simulations at low enthalpy capture the flow structures efficiently and outcomes are found to have excellent agreement with the analytical calculations. Furthermore, the simulations with the real gas solver for different enthalpies showed that the variation in enthalpy significantly changes the flow structures. It is observed that an increase in enthalpy leads to a decrease and increase in the postshock and postexpansion fan Mach numbers, respectively. Another important observation is the decrement in the peak pressure ratio with an increment in the enthalpy. These effects are noted to be more pronounced for Mars's environment due to the higher dependency of specific heat on temperature.
Non‐Newtonian electromagnetic fluid flow through a slanted parabolic started Riga surface with ramped energy
Authors: Asogwa Kanayo Kenneth , Goud B. Shankar , Reddy Yanala Dharmendar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study deals with the implications of non‐Newtonian fluid via a slanted parabolic started surface with ramped energy. In addition, the characteristics of electrically conducting viscoelastic liquid moving across the Riga surface are investigated systematically, emphasized within the time‐dependent concentration and temperature variations. The mathematical model is made possible by enforcing momentum and heat conservation principles in the format of partial differential equations (PDEs). Heat considerations are emphasized with respect to radiant heat influx. Similarity characteristics are leveraged to convert PDEs to ordinary differential equations. The Laplace transform method is used to find the exact solutions for the obtained differential configuration. The effect of flow on associated patterns is depicted graphically and with tables. Furthermore, fluctuation in relevant engineering parameters such as wall shear stress, temperature, and mass variability on the surface is measured. The range of parameters selected is as follows: , , , , , and . The analytical and numerical solutions are validated and in good agreement. It is worth reporting that the improved Hartmann number and thermal radiation values boost velocity dispersion and skin friction. As expected, respectively, energy and mass transfer rates are escalated with large values of Prandtl number and Schmidt number.
Research progress of the paraventricular thalamus in the regulation of sleep–wake and emotional behaviors
Authors: Bu Xiao‐Li , Liu Cheng‐Xi , Fu Bao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is a major component of the midline structure of the thalamus. It is one of the nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus, which plays a great role in the regulation of cortical arousal. PVT, an important node in the central nervous system, sends widespread outputs to many brain regions and also accepts plentiful inputs from many brain regions to modulate diverse functions, including sleep–wake state, attention, memory, and pain. Recently, with the increasing prevalence of sleep disorders and mood disorders, people pay great attention to PVT, which was implicated in arousal and emotional behaviors. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to illustrate the characteristic of PVT to provide a reference for future research.
Association between medical androgen deprivation therapy and long‐term cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality in nonmetastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Forster Rachel B. , Engeland Anders , Kvåle Rune , Hjellvik Vidar , Bjørge Tone 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies have suggested that prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at increased risk of developing or exacerbating cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to explore the association between ADT for PCa and subsequent CVD and all‐cause mortality in this nationwide, longitudinal study. We also evaluated the role of cardiovascular risk and ADT duration to determine effect modification. Norwegian registry data were used to identify patients with PCa from 2008‐18 and who received primary ADT in the first year after diagnosis. The associations between ADT and composite cardiovascular events, and the individual components of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure, in addition to atrial fibrillation and all‐cause mortality, were explored using time‐varying Cox regression models. We included 30 923 PCa patients, of whom 8449 (27%) received primary ADT. Mean follow‐up was 2.9 and 3.8 years for CVD events and mortality, respectively. We found an association between ADT and composite CVD (adjusted HR 1.13: 95% CI 1.05‐1.21), myocardial infarction (1.18: 1.05‐1.32), stroke (1.21: 1.06‐1.38), heart failure (1.23: 1.13‐1.35) and all‐cause mortality (1.49: 1.39‐1.61). These associations persisted in those with low and moderate CVD risk and ADT longer than 7 months. A relationship between ADT and composite CVD and all‐cause mortality was observed, especially in those with moderate CVD risk and longer treatment duration. Future studies with more detailed cancer data are needed to verify the clinical relevance of these results, especially when considering all‐cause mortality within the context of treatment guidelines and benefits of ADT.
Classification of tissue biopsies by Raman spectroscopy guided by quantitative phase imaging and its application to bladder cancer
Authors: Taieb Almog , Berkovic Garry , Haifler Miki , Cheshnovsky Ori , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a multimodal label‐free optical measurement approach for analyzing sliced tissue biopsies by a unique combination of quantitative phase imaging and localized Raman spectroscopy. First, label‐free quantitative phase imaging of the entire unstained tissue slice is performed using automated scanning. Then, pixel‐wise segmentation of the tissue layers is performed by a kernelled structural support vector machine based on Haralick texture features, which are extracted from the quantitative phase profile, and used to find the best locations for performing the label‐free localized Raman measurements. We use this multimodal label‐free measurement approach for segmenting the urothelium in benign and malignant bladder cancer tissues by quantitative phase imaging, followed by location‐guided Raman spectroscopy measurements. We then use sparse multinomial logistic regression (SMLR) on the Raman spectroscopy measurements to classify the tissue types, demonstrating that the prior segmentation of the urothelium done by label‐free quantitative phase imaging improves the Raman spectra classification accuracy from 85.7% to 94.7%.
Background‐free wide‐field fluorescence imaging using edge detection combined with HiLo
Authors: Hu Yuyao , Liang Dong , Wang Jing , Xuan Yaping , Zhao Fu , Liu Jun , Li Ruxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy has been widely used in the field of biological imaging, but the disturbance of background noise has always been an unavoidable phenomenon. To obtain a background free image, a virtual HiLo based on edge detection (V‐HiLo‐ED) method for background removing is proposed, which is different from the existing popular software algorithms that obtain the background‐free image by subtracting the estimated background, but the background‐free image is directly reconstructed by estimating the foreground. Compared with two other popular software‐based methods, the wavelet‐based background and noise subtraction algorithm (WBNS) and the rolling ball algorithm (RBA), the V‐HiLo‐ED owns a better quality on achieving background‐free imaging. Compared with hardware‐based method such as HiLo method, V‐HiLo‐ED exhibits almost the same performance but faster speed. In combination with light sheet microscopy, the V‐HiLo‐ED further improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio of images with thick light‐sheet. These experiment results indicate that the V‐HiLo‐ED owns the potentiality in many other image applications such as endoscopy.
Commentaries on “The case for qualitative research”
Authors: Thompson Craig J. , Mick David Glen , van Osselaer Stijn M. J. , Huber Joel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, three scholars comment on Fischer and Guzel's (2023) method dialog. The process included initial open discussions between the authors and a number of reviewers. Then commentators provide interpretation and guidance on the published version. All three comments applaud the clear justification for qualitative research and guidance on how it should be enacted, but differ on how JCP readers should prioritize and evaluate quantitative research. Craig Thompson takes a broad philosophy of science perspective building on the inseparability from the topics that are qualitatively studied. That ontology focuses on a context‐based deep understanding of the individual's history, society, and environment. In his role as Associate Editor for JCP, he is uniquely qualified to expand the focus at JCP to be more in line with fields like cognitive anthropology or cultural psychology that accept qualitative and quantitative research. David Mick for his part examines the dialogue from a perspective of psychology broadly defined, generating examples from leaders in analytical and humanistic psychology such as Freud, Maslow, and Rogers. Citing his own qualitative work, he acknowledges difficulties with replication, but recommends case‐based replication within the norms of qualitative research. Finally, Stijn van Osselaer applauds the way qualitative research provides insights that are difficult or impossible to gather using quantitative methods. He encourages (1) quantitative researchers to adopt qualitative researchers' focus on induction and abduction, (2) quantitative researchers to incorporate qualitative studies in their quantitative articles, and (3) both qualitative and quantitative researchers to speak to each other's literatures.
The case for qualitative research
Authors: Fischer Eileen , Guzel Gulay Taltekin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper makes the case that there is considerable untapped potential for qualitative research to make theoretical contributions that will advance our collective insights on consumer psychology. The paper explains some features that distinguish qualitative research from other approaches and addresses some common misperceptions about it. It explains why qualitative research—which is geared toward theory development and refinement—can be such as useful took in the kit of researchers seeking insights on consumer psychology. It then outlines a qualitative research process suitable for crafting conceptual contributions to consumer psychology and offers a set of criteria that are appropriate and inappropriate for adjudicating qualitative research of this kind. In all, we make the case that the conditions are in place for JCP to be a vibrant platform for publishing research based on qualitative methods.