bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El impacto de la actividad extractiva de hidrocarburos en la pesca artesanal
Authors: Villalobos Porras Eduardo Martin , Sánchez Canales Martín 
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo hace un repaso sobre la industria extractiva de hidrocarburos costa afuera y su impacto en las poblaciones afectadas en la costa norte del Perú, y cómo estas industrias ponen énfasis en algunos temas relacionados con las regulaciones ambientales, así como en el desarrollo de las operaciones de las empresas petroleras, y las estrategias corporativas en el manejo de los impactos negativos y positivos que pueden originar en las actividades productivas y en las expectativas de las poblaciones y sociedad civil relacionadas con la actividad de pesca artesanal. A partir de esta revisión se plantean algunas ideas, que quedarán en materia de discusión o aportes, vinculadas al concepto de desarrollo sostenible, que permitan repensar cómo interactúan estas actividades económicas incorporando el concepto de economía circular; y si es posible la confluencia pacífica entre las actividades extractivas de la industria del petróleo en costa afuera (offshore) con las actividades de aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos.
Género en la Amazonía y servicios geoespaciales
Authors: Irigoyen Alvizuri Marina Del Rosario 
Published: June 2022

Reseña del libro Género en la Amazonía. Potencial de los sistemas geoespaciales para enfrentar las inequidades de género. Un estudio en el marco del Programa SERVIR-Amazonia. Twyman, J. & Acosta, M. (2022). Tras una mirada panorámica al estado de situación de las relaciones de género en la Amazonia, el estudio presenta las limitadas experiencias que impulsan los servicios geoespaciales con una mirada de género. Concluye brindando recomendaciones acerca de cómo promoverlo.
Evaluation de l’Etat de la Gestion des Excrétas dans la Ville de Bukavu en République Démocratique du Congo : Cas de la Commune de Kadutu
Authors: Isidore Ilombe Musombwa , Adrien Byalungwe Muhindo , Franck Ludunge Chomari , Alain Akonkwa Mushagalusa , Bienvenu-Gilbert Nzungu Nzungu Yumbi , Jaskson Mushagalusa Kidumbi , Marc Nyamugabo Ntavuna , Jean De Dieu Mangambu Mokoso 
Published: June 2022

Cette étude a pour objet d’évaluer la problématique de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas et ses risques environnementaux dans la Ville de Bukavu, précisément en Commune de Kadutu. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas de la municipalité Kadutu et de proposer des recommandations pour une gestion saine des excrétas La méthodologie utilisée porte sur trois techniques sur le terrain : l’observation directe, l’analyse documentaire et les enquêtes (focus groupe et interview semi-structurés). L’étude a abouti aux résultats selon lesquels la faible implication des autorités étatiques, les constructions anarchiques, la non-implication des agents d’assainissement, l’incivisme de la population constituent les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas dans la Commune de Kadutu. La majorité des habitations construites le long de la rivière « Kahuwa » n’a pas des fosses septiques, leurs toilettes se vident directement dans cette rivière. Cela a comme conséquences, des odeurs répugnantes dans tous les coins de ladite municipalité. Ces effets sont visibles peuvent engendrer des conséquences néfastes sur la santé de la population et sur l’environnement.

This study focuses on assessing the problem of poor excreta management and its environmental risks in the City of Bukavu, specifically in Kadutu Commune. The objective of this study is to assess the causes of poor excreta management in the municipality of Kadutu and to propose recommendations for sound excreta management. The methodology used is based on three field techniques, namely: direct observation, documentary analysis, and surveys (focus group and semi-structured interviews). The study concluded that the poor involvement of state authorities, anarchic construction, the non-involvement of sanitation agents, and the incivism of the population are the causes of poor excreta management in the Commune of Kadutu. The majority of the houses built along the river "Kahuwa" do not have septic tanks and their toilets are emptied directly into this river. This results in disgusting odors in every corner of the said municipality. These effects are visible and can have negative consequences on the health of the population and the environment.
Developing EFL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence through a Blended Learning Model: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Bouftira Mohamed , El Messaoudi Mohammed , Li Shuai 
Published: June 2022

In the era of globalization, EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers have nominated to weld EFL instruction and aspects of intercultural competence together. Howbeit, the literature on the topic promulgates that procuring pragmatic competence remains a high-priority quest for EFL learners worldwide. This paper delineates the use of a blended learning model to teach pragmatic competence in an EFL context. This quasi-experimental study sought to probe into the potential of a blended learning model on participants’ levels of pragmatic competence. 62 students from a junior high school participated in the study. 32 participants belonged to the control group and 30 participants belonged to the experimental group. The main findings demonstrated that the three-week blended learning model resulted in a statistically significant impact on participants’ levels of pragmatic competence; that is, the experimental group participants (M=16.40; SD=2.54) remarkably outperformed the control group participants (M=11.87; SD=3.49) on the posttest. This implies that foreign language teachers are highly encouraged to attach much importance to amalgamating classroom teaching and the use of interactive websites (blended learning) as a way to develop the pragmatic competence of language learners.
The Violation of Human Rights in Latin America Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic Administration
Authors: Furfaro Ricardo 
Published: June 2022

There is no doubt at this stage of the solid evolving global relevance of universal human rights in a complex global scenario like everyone faces today. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have produced, and are still causing, an overwhelmingly negative impact on the standard citizens’ lives. As drastic as it is, such affirmation is sustained in the serious deterioration in a considerable number of democracies around the world, but especially reflected in Latin America, a region of six hundred (600) million inhabitants (Werthein & Abrantes, 2021). This research aims to assess the scope of the violation of individuals’ basic human rights caused by the COVID-19 pandemic administration in Latin American countries. Unreasonably extended lockdowns and other misleading and inappropriate measures implemented by different Latin American administrations have had unsurmountable and dramatic consequences for the region's inhabitants. Many Latin American governments have inadvertently put in place two (2) excluding options for their populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It had to be either healthcare and fight against COVID-19, on the one side, or economic sustainability, on the other, but not the two (2) simultaneously. Losses of thousands of lives, economic devastation, thousands of business shutdowns, millions of job losses, and educational catastrophes have all affected essential freedoms and individuals’ basic universal human rights recognized by modern constitutions, including those in Latin America. As discussed, these are the resulting consequences of governments’ failure to build up necessary resources, be readily prepared to face catastrophes of this sort, and act with integrity and transparency in managing public funds. Both quantitative (i.e.numbers and statistics) and qualitative (i.e., secondary data) methodologies have been used to arrive at very relevant conclusions. Sustainable results of this research reflect how mismanagement of the pandemic, including corruption practices by certain Latin American governments, has led to catastrophic consequences in healthcare and the economic field.
Etude Floristique Et Structurale D’une Forêt Mixte À l’Ile M’bamou, République Du Congo
Authors: Ayessa Leckoundzou , Koubouana Félix , Ndzai Saint Fédriche , Mbete Pierre , Foly Mpela Guy , Mikoungui Gomo Mat-Sheridan , Mboukou Maximilien , Douh Chauvelin 
Published: June 2022

La forêt joue un rôle important dans le maintien de l’équilibre global ainsi qu’à la protection de la biodiversité. Réalisée dans la forêt mixte de l’Ile M’bamou, cette étude vise à contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la flore insulaire de ladite Ile. Quatre parcelles de 50 m de côté chacune soit 2500 m² (0,25 ha) sur une superficie totale de 10000 m² (1 ha) ont été installées. Au total, 223 individus de DHP≥ 10 cm ont été dénombrés avec 39 espèces, 37 genres et 21 familles. Les Ebenaceae (48,88 %) reste la famille dominante. Qualitativement, les Moraceae et Rubiaceae (12,82 %) sont les familles plus abondantes. L’Indice de Valeur d’Importance indique que Diospyros alboflavescens et Cleistopholis glauca sont les espèces les plus importantes. L’indice de Shannon varie de 1,41 à 2,38 et d’Equitabilité de 0,36 à 0,64. La densité à l’hectare varie de 164 à 312 arbres et les valeurs de la surface terrière varient de 13,92 à 17,69 m²/ha. La structure diamétrique présente une forme exponentielle décroissante. Cette étude montre que la forêt de l’Ile M’bamou présente une dégradation très accentuée.
The forest plays an important role in the maintenance of the global balance and in the protection of biodiversity. Carried out in the mixed forest of M'bamou Island, this study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the island flora of the said Island. Four plots of 50 m each side, that is 2500 m² (0.25 ha) on a total area of 10000 m² (1 ha) were installed. In total, 223 individuals of DHP≥ 10 cm were counted with 39 species, 37 genera and 21 families. Ebenaceae (48.88%) remains the dominant family. Qualitatively, Moraceae and Rubiaceae (12.82%) are the more abundant families. The Importance Value Index indicates that Diospyros alboflavescens and Cleistopholis glauca are the most important species. The Shannon Index ranges from 1.41 to 2.38 and the Equitability Index from 0.36 to 0.64. The density per hectare varies from 164 to 312 trees and the basal area values vary from 13.92 to 17.69 m²/ha. The diameter structure shows a decreasing exponential shape. This study shows that the forest of Ile M'bamou presents a very accentuated degradation.
Routine plain film of abdomen in asymptomatic patients with video capsule retention in small bowel-time to change practice?
Authors: O’Grady John , Bennett Siofra , Kaar Aidan , Nolan Lorraine , O’Neill Julie , Quinlivan Lucy , Buckley Martin 
Published: June 2022

Aim: Small bowel capsule retention is rare, with a rate of approximately 2%, defined as visible retention on plain film of abdomen (PFA) after 14 days. Currently, PFA is performed if the capsule is not seen to reach the large bowel during recording. Alternatively, for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) capsule studies, the risk of retention is determined if the capsule fails to reach the small bowel during recording. Given the similar physical specifications of the capsules (Medtronic) used, we considered whether 14-day PFA is no longer required for small bowel capsules not observed in the large bowel.
Methods: The use of patency capsules in our lab allows careful selection of small bowel capsule studies to minimize the risk of retention. All PFAs performed over a five-year period were reviewed to determine if careful selection and use of patency negate the need for capsule retention PFA screening.
Results: In total, 688 small-bowel capsules were performed during the study period, and 3.6% had prior patency capsules. Thirty-one PFAs with a query of capsule retention were performed during the study period on 28 patients. This included 15 females, and the median age was 53.5 years. None of the films demonstrated capsule retention.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that 14-day PFA may no longer be required for small bowel capsules not seen to reach the large bowel. Advice regarding symptoms of capsule retention and precaution with magnetic resonance imaging, similar to current UGI capsule advice, may suffice. This may reduce the burden on radiology imaging slots and, in particular, eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure and repeat hospital attendance for patients.
The Association of Immediate-Use Steam Sterilization with the Incidence of Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Tantillo Tyler J. , Stapleton Erik J. , Frane Nicholas , Gorlin Margaret , Schilling Mary Ellen , Armellino Donna , Katsigiorgis Gus , Bitterman Adam D. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Immediate-use steam sterilization (IUSS), formerly termed “flash” sterilization, has been historically used to sterilize surgical instruments in emergency situations. Strict guidelines deter its use, as IUSS has been theorized to increase the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), leading to increased health-care costs and poor patient outcomes. We sought to examine the association between the use of IUSS and the rate of orthopaedic SSIs.

Methods:
The cases of 70,600 patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery—total knee or hip arthroplasty, laminectomy, or spinal fusion—from January 2014 to December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed for IUSS use. Of this group, 3,526 patients had had IUSS used during surgery. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was conducted to account for known predictors of SSIs and included a total of 7,052 patients. The risk difference (RD), relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), and McNemar test compared the SSI risk for patients whose procedure had included the use of IUSS and those whose procedure had not included IUSS.

Results:
After propensity score matching, 111 (1.57%) of the 7,052 matched patients developed an SSI. Of the 111 patients, 61 (54.95%) were in the IUSS group and 50 (45.05%) were in the non-IUSS group. The estimated probability for developing an SSI was 1.42% for the patients in the non-IUSS group versus 1.73% for the patients in the IUSS group (RR = 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.57 to 1.19], RD = –0.3% [95% CI: –0.9% to 0.27%]).There was no evidence that the proportion of SSI was greater in the IUSS group (McNemar test, p > 0.29).

Conclusions:
SSI rates were not significantly different between IUSS and non-IUSS patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Future prospective studies are warranted to further explore the utility of IUSS during orthopaedic procedures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Economic burden and predictors of early intravenous to oral antimicrobial change for hospitalized patients, Ethiopia: a prospective Comparative study
Authors: Tefera Gosaye Mekonen , Mekete Mekonnen Derese , Umeta Gurmu Tesfaye 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Short intravenous (IV) antimicrobial therapy for 2-3 days followed by its oral (PO) comparable antimicrobial course is a crucial part of the antimicrobial stewardship program. However, nothing is known about this practice in Ethiopian-hospitals. Thus, it was aimed at assessing the economic burden, treatment outcome, and the practice of early IV to PO antimicrobial changes.Method: A hospital-based prospective Comparative study was conducted. After 3days follow up, the patients were categorized in to intervention and comparator group. Informed written consent was sought. Logistic regression models and independent t-test were done with a significance of p ≤0.05.Results: Out of 117 patients, 92 (78.6%) of the study participants were clinically stable within 72 hours. Hence, early IV to PO antimicrobial change was done only for 36/92 (39.1%), which resulted in an unnecessary expenditure of at least 29,434.72 Ethiopian Birrs (ETB) (671.39US$) within 3 months. There was a significant difference in terms of mean length of hospital stay (LOS) (8.80±3.57 versus 3.17±0.74; p-value <0.0001), in-hospital complication rate (p-value <0.0001), and the mean cost of healthcare in ETB (652.29±403.29 versus 126.67±29.47; p-value <0.0001) between the intervention and comparator group, respectively.Conclusion: The practice of early IV to PO antimicrobial change was unsatisfactory. There was a significant difference between the intervention and comparator groups in terms of LOS, in-hospital complication, and extra cost. Therefore, possible intervention should be applied, including the establishment of an antimicrobial stewardship program to improve the practice of early IV to PO change.
Intubation of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Conventional Laryngoscope in ICU: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Rajapakse Ayeshani , Kumarihamy Prabhashini , Jayasinghe Amila , Dissanayake Gayan Lakmal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PurposeVideo laryngoscopy is recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to safety concerns and to avoid complications. It is not available in some places forcing the operator to rely on conventional laryngoscope. Intubations COVID-19 patients in ICU may lead to adverse complications which may be affected by the laryngoscope used. This study is aimed at to analyse predictors of difficult intubation, complexity of intubation and complications of using conventional laryngoscopy in COVID-19 ICU patients.MethodsA prospective observational study was done in COVID Intensive care unit of Base Hospital- Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from 1st of January 2021 to August 2021. Demographic data and clinical parameters, data related to intubation including MACOCHA score which is a validated score predicting difficult intubation in ICU and Intubation difficulty scale (IDS) which measures actual complexity of intubation were collected. The complications related to intubation were also analysed.Results84 out of 91 intubations (50.72 in Male and 49.7% in females) were done using conventional laryngoscope. Mean age was 50.75 years. First pass success rate was 83.3%. 25% had MACOCHA score more than 3. Most patients scored on the desaturation component of the score. Despite this only 50 % of the predicted difficult intubations actually had major difficulty in intubation. The commonest complication was hypotension. 12 had suffered cardiac arrest, and 4 of them were fatal. Conclusions Intubation of Critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging, but can be done successfully with conventional laryngoscope. However, one must prepare for complications including cardiac arrest.
Hybrid intelligence decision making: successful human-AI integration in optical diagnosis
Authors: Reverberi Carlo , Rigon Tommaso , Solari Aldo , Hassan Cesare , Cherubini Paolo , Cherubini Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are precious support for decision-making, with many applications in the medical domain. However, there is little understanding of how human experts interact with AI. Health policy-makers fear flat reliance on AI advice. In this multicentric study, twenty-one endoscopists reviewed 504 videos of lesions from real colonoscopies, with and without the assistance of an AI support system. Endoscopists were influenced by AI (OR = 3.05), but not erratically: they followed the AI advice more when it was correct (OR = 3.48) than incorrect (OR = 1.85). Endoscopists achieved this outcome through a weighted integration of their and the AI opinions, considering the case-by-case estimations of the two reliabilities. This Bayesian-like rational behavior allowed the human-AI hybrid team to outperform both agents taken alone. We discuss the features of the interaction that determined this favorable outcome.
Observational constraint on a feedback from supercooled clouds reduces projected warming uncertainty
Authors: Cesana Grégory , Ackerman Andrew , Fridlind Ann , Silber Israel , Genio Anthony Del , Zelinka Mark , Chepfer Helene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increase of climate sensitivity in the latest Earth system models (ESMs) is primarily attributed to a larger extratropical cloud response to warming. This stronger cloud feedback is thought to be partly driven by a greater ratio of supercooled liquid-phase clouds relative to all clouds, termed liquid phase ratio (LPR). Here we use an instrument simulator approach to show that LPR is actually overestimated in coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) ESMs rather than underestimated as previously thought. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between LPR and the extratropical cloud feedback is in the opposite direction of what had been shown in previous single-ESM studies. We pinpoint this unexpected result to a previously-undocumented feedback from liquid clouds, which weakens the extratropical cloud contribution to warming. Finally, we present evidence that better constraining LPR in CMIP models will reduce uncertainty in climate projections, owing to this novel extratropical feedback from supercooled clouds.
An Analysis of Governance Factors Influencing Performance of Selected Smallholder Dairy Cooperatives in Zimbabwe
Authors: Matangaidze Rebecca , Rukuni Mandivamba , Musara Joseph P. , Chapwanya Aspinas , Nyamushamba Godfrey B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cooperatives are organizations owned and operated by individuals or groups that use its services. Marketing of milk is through dairy cooperatives where the milk collection centres are mandated to help integrating smallholder farmers into competitive markets. The study investigated governance structures of five smallholder dairy schemes purposively selected based on their agroecological regions in Zimbabwe, coded A, B, E (Region II), D (Region III) and C (Region IV). Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions with 20 dairy cooperative members from each milk collection centre. Key informant interviews were conducted with chairpersons, management committee members and dairy value chain stakeholders such as dairy associations and processors. The SWOT analysis technique was employed to identify governance structures highlighting major strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats as a gateway to isolating strategies for enhancing centre performance. An analysis of implications of the governance structures on resource allocation decision by farmers was also performed. The study results show that poor governance mainly caused by incompetent boards and management committees was the major factor affecting performance. Other findings were that if good governance factors were in place, then cooperatives became proficient leading to their growth. Thus, cooperatives must adopt business models based on private sector partnerships to maximise on expertise and technical support. The schemes ought to take advantage of existing opportunities, especially policies that mitigate threats and improve product diversity, value addition and effective pricing strategies. To achieve these milestones, capacity building roadmaps ought to identify competent and efficient boards.