bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell type-specific abnormalities of central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Nakamori Masayuki , Shimizu Hiroshi , Ogawa Kotaro , Hasuike Yuhei , Nakajima Takashi , Sakurai Hidetoshi , Araki Toshiyuki , Okada Yukinori , Kakita Akiyoshi , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 is a multisystem genetic disorder involving the muscle, heart and CNS. It is caused by toxic RNA transcription from expanded CTG repeats in the 3′-untranslated region of DMPK, leading to dysregulated splicing of various genes and multisystemic symptoms. Although aberrant splicing of several genes has been identified as the cause of some muscular symptoms, the pathogenesis of CNS symptoms prevalent in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 remains unelucidated, possibly due to a limitation in studying a diverse mixture of different cell types, including neuronal cells and glial cells. Previous studies revealed neuronal loss in the cortex, myelin loss in the white matter and the presence of axonal neuropathy in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. To elucidate the CNS pathogenesis, we investigated cell type-specific abnormalities in cortical neurons, white matter glial cells and spinal motor neurons via laser-capture microdissection. We observed that the CTG repeat instability and cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) methylation status varied among the CNS cell lineages; cortical neurons had more unstable and longer repeats with higher CpG methylation than white matter glial cells, and spinal motor neurons had more stable repeats with lower methylation status. We also identified splicing abnormalities in each CNS cell lineage, such as DLGAP1 in white matter glial cells and CAMKK2 in spinal motor neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aberrant splicing of CAMKK2 is associated with abnormal neurite morphology in myotonic dystrophy type 1 motor neurons. Our laser-capture microdissection-based study revealed cell type-dependent genetic, epigenetic and splicing abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy type 1 CNS, indicating the significant potential of cell type-specific analysis in elucidating the CNS pathogenesis.
Research on the maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic based on Newton interpolation-assisted particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Wei LiMing , Li KaiKai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Solar energy has attracted a lot of attention because it is clean and has no pollution. However, due to the partially shaded condition, the photovoltaic array cannot work uniformly at the maximum power point, resulting in a large power loss. To improve this problem, the research of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is discussed by scholars. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to achieve the goal of MPPT, which uses Newton interpolation-assisted conventional PSO. After tracking to the maximum power point, the Newton interpolation method is used to calculate the maximum power point, reduce the number of iterations of the conventional PSO algorithm and reduce the steady-state oscillation. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB®/Simulink® and compared with conventional PSO. The results show that the improved PSO has better tracking accuracy and speed than the conventional algorithm, and the initial tracking speed is increased by &gt;30%.
Neural representations of competing stimuli along the dorsal and ventral visual pathways during binocular rivalry
Authors: Mo Ce , Lu Junshi , Shi Chao , Fang Fang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBinocular rivalry arises when two discrepant stimuli are simultaneously presented to different eyes, during which observers consciously experience vivid perceptual alternations without physical changes in visual inputs. Neural dynamics tracking such perceptual alternations have been identified at both early and late visual areas, leading to the fundamental debate concerning the primary neural substrate underlying binocular rivalry. One promising hypothesis that might reconcile these seemingly paradoxical findings is a gradual shift from interocular competition between monocular neurons to pattern competition among binocular neurons. Here, we examined this hypothesis by investigating how neural representations of rivalrous stimuli evolved along the visual pathway. We found that representations of the dominant and the suppressed stimuli initially co-existed in V1, which were enhanced and attenuated respectively in extrastriate visual areas. Notably, neural activity in V4 was dictated by the representation of the dominant stimulus, while the representation of the suppressed stimulus was only partially inhibited in dorsal areas V3A and MT+. Our findings revealed a progressive transition from the co-existing representations of the rivalrous inputs to the dictatorial representation of the dominant stimulus in the ventral pathway, and advocated different cortical evolutionary patterns of visual representations between the dorsal and the ventral pathways.
Non-invasive Serological Monitoring for Crohn’s Disease Postoperative Recurrence
Authors: Hamilton Amy L , De Cruz Peter , Wright Emily K , Dervieux Thierry , Jain Anjali , Kamm Michael A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Crohn’s disease recurs after intestinal resection. This study evaluated accuracy of a new blood test, the Endoscopic Healing Index [EHI], in monitoring for disease recurrence.

Methods
Patients enrolled in the prospective POCER study [NCT00989560] underwent a postoperative colonoscopic assessment at 6 [2/3 of patients] and 18 months [all patients] following bowel resection, using the Rutgeerts score [recurrence ≥i2]. Serum was assessed at multiple time points for markers of endoscopic healing using the EHI, and paired with the Rutgeerts endoscopic score as the reference standard.

Results
A total of 131 patients provided 437 serum samples, which were paired with endoscopic assessments available in 94 patients [30 with recurrence] at 6 months and 107 patients [44 with recurrence] at 18 months. The median EHI at 6 months was significantly lower in patients in remission [Rutgeerts &lt;i2] than those with recurrence; p = 0.033. The area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] for EHI to detect recurrence at 6 months was comparable to that of faecal calprotectin [0.712 vs 0.779, p = 0.414]. EHI of &lt;20 at 6 months had a negative predictive value of 75.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.8–88.2), and sensitivity of 70% [95% CI 50.6–85.3] for detecting recurrence. Combining all time points, an EHI &lt;20 had a negative predictive value of 70.3%. Changes in EHI significantly associated with changes in Rutgeerts scores over the 18 months.

Conclusions
The non-invasive multi-marker EHI has sufficient accuracy to be used to monitor for postoperative Crohn’s disease recurrence. A monitoring strategy that combines EHI with ileocolonoscopy, with or without faecal calprotectin, should now be prospectively tested.
The parasternal technique: alternative technique for temporary right ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Feder Stefan H , Jawad Khalil , Borger Michael A , Saeed Diyar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Right heart failure is a feared complication in cardiac surgery especially after heart failure surgery. Right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation is inevitable in severe forms of right heart failure. Different techniques for RVAD implantation exist. We here present our experience with a novel parasternal cannulation technique that allows early mobilization, high RVAD flow rates and easy RVAD removal.
A Whole Population Network and Its Application for the Social Sciences
Authors: van der Laan Jan , de Jonge Edwin , Das Marjolijn , Te Riele Saskia , Emery Tom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis data brief presents a whole population network file constructed from administrative data. The network incorporates 1.4 billion relationships between all 17 million inhabitants of the Netherlands in 2018. Relationships are identified between individuals who live in the same household, live close to each other, work for the same company, attend the same educational institution, or belong to the same extended family. The network file is available for analysis at Statistics Netherlands for research purposes. The data brief explains the network construction, the underlying data, data access, and discusses its applications for social research. The network has great potential for the social sciences due to its scale and comprehensive coverage of individuals. As a use case, we present a random walk approach to estimate segregation between people of different educational backgrounds. Further applications of whole population networks are also discussed.
The oral microbiome analysis reveals the similarities and differences between periodontitis and Crohn's disease-associated periodontitis
Authors: Chen Xu , Sun Boyang , Li Lu , Sun Zhibin , Zhu Xiaoming , Zhong Xianmei , Xu Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have higher incidences of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis than healthy people. Studies indicate that the interaction between gut and oral microbiota is an important factor. To compare the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome in periodontitis and CD-associated periodontitis, subgingival plaque and saliva samples from patients with these diseases were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. In CD-associated periodontitis, the subgingival plaque had greater microbial diversity than saliva. Subgingival plaque had decreased abundances of Firmicutes, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus and increased abundances of Bacteroidetes, Actinomyces, Treponema_2, Capnocytophaga, and Porphyromonas relative to saliva. The microbial composition in subgingival plaque was similar between the two diseases. Both red complex (Porphyromonas, Tannerella, and Treponema) and orange complex (Fusobacteria) bacteria were abundant in periodontitis subgingival plaque, while orange complex bacteria (Prevotella_2 and Prevotella) were abundant in CD-associated periodontitis subgingival plaque. Pocket depth was significantly positively correlated with multiple periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas, Tannerella, and Treponema. This study reveals the similarities and differences in the oral microbiome between periodontitis and CD-associated periodontitis, which provides a foundation to further explore the associations between CD and periodontitis.
Modeling and Optimization of Alpha-Amylase and Phytase Microencapsulation Process in Beeswax and Evaluation of Bread Quality Attributes
Authors: Hosseinchi gharehaghaj Zakarya , Azizi Mohammad Hossain , Asadi Gholamhassan , Azizinezhad Reza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to the significant role of bread in the food basket of people in the world, it is necessary consider its quality and nutritional attributes. Due to the significance of alpha-amylase and phytase enzymes in bread quality and the sensitivity of these enzymes to some environmental conditions, it was attempted to optimize and model the encapsulation conditions of the combination of two enzymes in beeswax. The parameters of amylase and phytase, beeswax amount, tween 20, and mixing speed were regarded as independent parameters and their effect on the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-amylase and phytase enzymes was studied. The results indicated that the concentration of enzymes and the amount of beeswax had a direct and inverse effect on the encapsulation efficiency of both enzymes, respectively. The proposed model for the encapsulation efficiency of type 2 alpha-amylase and phytase and the fitting coefficients of the models were reliable. Finally, the optimal encapsulation conditions due to the maximum encapsulation efficiency were 156.53 μL of alpha-amylase enzyme, 178.28 mg of phytase enzyme, 1.87 g of beeswax, 1.19% by weight/ volume of tween 20 and mixing speed of 1081-89 r/min were determined with a utility factor of 0.897.
Older Adults’ Biobehavioral Fall Risks Were Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned for Future Fall Prevention Research to Incorporate Multilevel Perspectives
Authors: Kiyoshi-Teo Hiroko , Izumi Shigeko (Seiko) , Stoyles Sydnee , McMahon Siobhan K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Examining the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on fall risks may provide insight into how multilevel factors as described in National Institute of Nursing Research's (NINR’s) draft strategic plan can guide future fall prevention research. This article describes the affect of COVID-19 on fall risks from the perspective of older adults who live in assisted living facilities (ALFs), and explores the needs and approaches to implement fall prevention interventions at individual, social, community, and policy levels.

Research Design and Methods
Exploratory survey study. Participants from a fall prevention study at 2 ALFs in Oregon were invited to the study. Survey questions asked about COVID experience, and changes in fall risks and day-to-day activities in Spring 2020. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cohen’s d effect sizes. Qualitative responses were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results
Thirteen participants (age: M = 87.08, standard deviation = 6.52) responded. More participants reported feeling unsteady compared to pre-COVID data (38% vs. 62%), while the proportion of those worried about falling remained the same at 38%. Participants reported negligible decreases in importance of fall prevention and small decreases in confidence of fall prevention (Cohen’s d = −0.13 and −0.21, respectively). The themes related to the affect of COVID on fall risks were: not to worry about fall risks but be cautious and physical activity is important, but it’s hard during COVID. Impact of COVID on day-to-day activities were: varying degrees of concern for COVID, lack of social and community support, and finding unique ways to cope with COVID.

Discussion and Implications
These individual-level perspectives suggest that older adults were at increased risk for falling. Results exemplify the influence of broader-level factors (e.g., social, community, and policy) on individual biobehavioral factors (e.g., fall risks and health behaviors), and illustrate the value of examining multilevel factors in future fall prevention research.
Mantle Q structure from S, SS, SSS and SSSS amplitude measurements
Authors: Zhu Min , Sun Shuyang , Zhou Ying , Wu Qingju 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
The seismic quality factor (Q) of the Earth’s mantle is of great importance for the understanding of the physical and chemical properties that control mantle anelasticity. The radial structure of the Earth’s Q is less well resolved compared to its wave speed structure, and large discrepancies exist among global 1-D Q models. In this study, we build a global data set of amplitude measurements of S, SS, SSS and SSSS waves using earthquakes that occurred between 2009 and 2017 with moment magnitudes ranging from 6.5 to 8.0. Synthetic seismograms for those events are computed in a 1-D reference model PREM, and amplitude ratios between observed and synthetic seismograms are calculated in the frequency domain by spectra division, with measurement windows determined based on visual inspection of seismograms. We simulate wave propagation in a global velocity model S40RTS based on SPECFEM3D and show that the average amplitude ratio as a function of epicentral distance is not sensitive to 3-D focusing and defocusing for the source–receiver configuration of the data set. This data set includes about 5500 S and SS measurements that are not affected by mantle transition zone triplications (multiple ray paths), and those measurements are applied in linear inversions to obtain a preliminary 1-D Q model QMSI. This model reveals a high Q region in the uppermost lower mantle. While model QMSI improves the overall datafit of the entire data set, it does not fully explain SS amplitudes at short epicentral distances or the amplitudes of the SSS and SSSS waves. Using forward modelling, we modify the 1-D model QMSI iteratively to reduce the overall amplitude misfit of the entire data set. The final Q model QMSF requires a stronger and thicker high Q region at depths between 600 and 900 km. This anelastic structure indicates possible viscosity layering in the mid mantle.
Oxygenation-Controlled Collective Dynamics in Aquatic Worm Blobs
Authors: Tuazon Harry , Kaufman Emily , Goldman Daniel I , Bhamla M Saad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many organisms utilize group aggregation as a method for survival. The freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus (California blackworms) form tightly entangled structures, or worm “blobs”, that have adapted to survive in extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). Individual blackworms adapt to hypoxic environments through respiration via their mucous body wall and posterior ciliated hindgut, which they wave above them. However, the change in collective behavior at different levels of DO is not known. Using a closed-loop respirometer with flow, we discover that the relative tail reaching activity flux in low DO is ∼75x higher than in the high-DO condition. Additionally, when flow rate is increased to suspend the worm blobs upward, we find that the average exposed surface area of a blob in low DO is ∼1.4x higher than in high DO. Furthermore, we observe emergent properties that arise when a worm blob is exposed to extreme DO levels. We demonstrate that internal mechanical stress is generated when worm blobs are exposed to high DO levels, allowing them to be physically lifted off from the bottom of a conical container using a serrated endpiece. Our results demonstrate how both collective behavior and the emergent generation of internal mechanical stress in worm blobs change to accommodate differing levels of oxygen. From an engineering perspective, this could be used to model and simulate swarm robots, self-assembly structures, or soft material entanglements.
Translating ethnographic data into knowledge, skills, and attitude statements for medical scribes: a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Corby Sky , Ash Joan S , Whittaker Keaton , Mohan Vishnu , Solberg Nicholas , Becton James , Bergstrom Robby , Orwoll Benjamin , Hoekstra Christopher , Gold Jeffrey A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
While the use of medical scribes is rapidly increasing, there are not widely accepted standards for their training and duties. Because they use electronic health record systems to support providers, inadequately trained scribes can increase patient safety related risks. This paper describes the development of desired core knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) for scribes that provide the curricular framework for standardized scribe training.

Materials and Methods
A research team used a sequential mixed qualitative methods approach. First, a rapid ethnographic study of scribe activities was performed at 5 varied health care organizations in the United States to gather qualitative data about knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The team’s analysis generated preliminary KSA related themes, which were further refined during a consensus conference of subject-matter experts. This was followed by a modified Delphi study to finalize the KSA lists.

Results
The team identified 90 descriptions of scribe-related KSAs and subsequently refined, categorized, and prioritized them for training development purposes. Three lists were ultimately defined as: (1) Hands-On Learning KSA list with 47 items amenable to simulation training, (2) Didactic KSA list consisting of 32 items appropriate for didactic lecture teaching, and (3) Prerequisite KSA list consisting of 11 items centered around items scribes should learn prior to being hired or soon after being hired.

Conclusion
We utilized a sequential mixed qualitative methodology to successfully develop lists of core medical scribe KSAs, which can be incorporated into scribe training programs.
Different Approaches in Manipulating Ratio Spectra for Analyzing Amlodipine Besylate and Irbesartan Combination
Authors: El Mously Dina A , Mostafa Nadia M , Hassan Nagiba Y , El-Sayed Ghada M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a key risk factor for ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. Most patients require a combination of antihypertensive medications to accomplish their therapeutic goals. Antihypertensive medicines such as calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers are indicated for patients whose high blood pressure cannot be controlled with monotherapy. The combination of amlodipine besylate (AML) with irbesartan (IRB) is an example of this synergistic activity in lowering blood pressure.

Objective
In this regard, the goal of the research is to develop sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate and irbesartan.

Methods
Three simple ratio spectra-manipulating spectrophotometric methods namely, ratio difference, mean centering of ratio spectra, and derivative ratio, were developed for the simultaneous assay of the cited mixture.

Results
Linear correlations were attained over the concentration range of 1–35 μg/mL and 2–35 μg/mL for amlodipine besylate and irbesartan, respectively. The methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with good results.

Conclusion
The methods developed were successfully applied for the assay of the cited drugs in their marketed formulation. They could be efficiently used for routine analysis of the mentioned drugs in QC laboratories.

Highlights
The proposed approaches do not require expensive solvents or complex instruments. They could be used in routine laboratory tests where time and cost are crucial.
The strain characteristics of cracked anchored soft rock under short-term creep
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Cui Li , Hu Jiangchun , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe short-term creep properties of cracked soft rock are the basis for analyzing and predicting the long-term deformation characteristics of engineering rock mass. Based on orthogonal test design and by means of physical testing and theoretical analysis, this paper systematically studies the short-term creep strain properties of soft rock mass with a vertical anchor form under different combinations of crack number, crack discontinuity degree and crack inclination. The results show the following: (i) as the stress increases, the growth rate of the instantaneous strain of the anchored soft rock slows down, the growth rate of the creep strain increases and the growth rate of the total strain decreases at first and before it then increases. Based on this, the idea is proposed that the stress corresponding to the turning stress of the total strain change rate, from small to large, is the turning stress of the strain rate. This stress value is approximately 50% of its uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). (ii) Statistical analysis shows that for the same cracked rock mass, the three characteristics of cracks have different effects on the instantaneous strain, creep strain and total strain of anchored soft rock, and a certain number of cracks under specific geometric conditions are beneficial to the long-term deformation control of anchored soft rock. (iii) A relative creep model based on mutation is proposed. Considering the effects of the test instrument, the model can be divided into the power function model, the logarithmic function model and the exponential function model, according to goodness of fit. All three models can describe the initial and stable creep stage of anchored soft rock with cracks.