bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does seasonality of feedstock affect anaerobic digestion?
Authors: Trujillo-Reyes Ángeles , Serrano Antonio , Cubero-Cardoso Juan , Fernández-Prior África , Fermoso Fernando G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The feedstock seasonality has been poorly studied in the anaerobic digestion process. The seasonality could disturb the digestion process stability, mainly for fruit and vegetable waste. In this study, three seasonal waste mixtures generated in wholesale markets were reduced to 10, 6, and 4 mm to assess the influence of seasonality and particle size reduction on anaerobic biodegradability. The methane yield ranged between 298 and 465 mL CH4 g VS−1 (volatile solids). Waste mixtures produced in spring at 10-mm particle size presented higher methane production than in autumn/winter and summer, i.e., 32% and 61%, respectively. Methane production decreased with reducing particle size for waste produced in spring from 482 ± 12 to 310 ± 1 mL CH4 g VS−1. In contrast, waste produced in autumn/winter and summer did not show high differences among different sizes. Despite these differences, mixtures with the smallest particle size presented the highest methane production rate.
Graphical abstract
The British Library’s collections of African-language publishing
Authors: Wallace Marion 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe British Library (BL) holds over 20,000 printed books, serials and newspapers in well over 100 languages of Africa south of the Sahara. These collections date from the seventeenth century, and continue to grow. Although not comprehensive, they reflect all the major developments in African-language publishing across the continent. This article analyses these collections in the context of the broader history of publishing in African languages, and discusses how they have been acquired. Through further analysis of the extent and composition of the collections, and how they compare to those of other UK institutions, I go on to show that the BL’s holdings are among the most extensive such collections in the UK, possibly the most extensive. At the same time, I reveal the difficulties that various cataloguing limitations create for such analysis. The article closes with brief practical guidance on accessing the collections.
Popular Poesis: Language and the Pleasures of Everyday Creation
Authors: Barber Karin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPleasure in language arises from the creativity of everyday life. Africa’s historical and ethnographic record is full of striking examples of linguistic play. Three scenes of Yorùbá linguistic creativity illustrate this: praise poetry in a small town, a traveling popular theater, and early Yorùbá newspapers. Each yields distinctive pleasures, but central to all of these is the act of mutual recognition of forms of words and attunement to the linguistic production of others. Barber suggests that verbal arts bring to consciousness the fundamental processes by which sociality is constituted and may thus provide a potential starting point for social theory from “within.”
A Mosaic of Yorùbá Ontology and Materiality of Pleasure Since AD 1000
Authors: Ogundiran Akinwumi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat have been the meanings and meaningfulness of pleasure in Yorùbá thought, practice, and history over the past eight hundred years? Ogundiran draws from literary, archaeological, myth-historical, and ethnographic sources to answer this question in two parts. First, he examines the ontologies, materiality, and sociality of pleasure at the levels of ordinary experience and institutional culture. Second, he demonstrates how pleasurable experiences and things were used to construct social order, define social difference, and build community. Ogundiran concludes that pleasure is not an autonomous experience. Rather, it is embedded in other domains of social life.
“Awa ndi macheza aamai (This is women’s play)”: Examining Pleasure in Urban Malawian Women’s Social Spaces
Authors: Mtenje Asante Lucy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWomen’s social groups and gatherings in Malawi, whether physical or virtual, are often dismissed as something not to be taken seriously, as they are imagined to be places where nothing useful but chitchat and gossip will emerge. Nevertheless, these spaces, as sites of leisure where women can engage in macheza (play), continue to play an important role in how urban women variously experience pleasure. Mtenje considers social media groups for women and bridal showers not only as spaces where women are free from male interference, which, in itself, invokes pleasure, but also as spaces where patriarchal norms can be and often are reinforced.
A qualitative evaluation of an exercise practitioner in an outpatient child and adolescent mental health service
Authors: Matthews Evan , Cowman Mary , Mulhare Brian , Banville Elaine , Kissane Sheila , Lederman Oscar , Lowney Paula , Ronan Fran , Denieffe Suzanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Physical activity interventions can confer a range of physical and mental health benefits among young people with mental disorders. In some contexts, such as Ireland, integrated physical activity is not easily available within child and adolescent mental health services. Therefore, an interagency pilot intervention was established in a child and adolescent mental health service in Ireland with the integration of a novel exercise practitioner into the multidisciplinary mental health team.Objective:A qualitative evaluation was conducted to understand the impact of the pilot intervention and to understand issues of implementation that arose throughout.Methods:In-depth qualitative interviews with service users’ parents/guardians (N = 3) and a single focus group with existing service providers (N = 3), framed by the RE-AIM framework were conducted to evaluate the pilot intervention. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to explore themes.Results:Three overarching themes were identified. These were as follows: (i) Making changes toward healthier physical activity behaviours; (ii) An intervention of therapeutic holism; and (iii) The integrated service delivery.Conclusions:This research provides insight on the value of a novel integrated exercise practitioner in outpatient young persons’ mental health services in Ireland, indicating an enhanced and complimentary therapeutic service. These findings will be helpful for integrating Exercise Practitioners in this setting going forward.
Evolutionary ecology of the bark beetlesIps typographusandPityogenes chalcographus
Authors: Schebeck Martin , Schopf Axel , Ragland Gregory J. , Stauffer Christian , Biedermann Peter H. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIps typographus(L.) andPityogenes chalcographus(L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are two common bark beetle species on Norway spruce in Eurasia. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors affect the life cycles of these two beetles, shaping their ecology and evolution. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and comparative summary of selected life-history traits. We highlight similarities and differences in biotic factors, like host range, interspecific competition, host colonization, reproductive behaviour and fungal symbioses. Moreover, we focus on the species' responses to abiotic factors and compare their temperature-dependent development and flight behaviour, cold adaptations and diapause strategies. Differences in biotic and abiotic traits might be the result of recent, species-specific evolutionary histories, particularly during the Pleistocene, with differences in glacial survival and postglacial recolonization. Finally, we discuss future research directions to understand ecological and evolutionary pathways of the two bark beetle species, for both basic research and applied forest management.
Karl Barth on election and nationhood: Christological reflections from 1936
Authors: Tseng Shao Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article probes into Karl Barth's theology of nationhood set forth in Gottes Gnadenwahl, a volume on the doctrine of election published in November 1936. I will attend to his use of Hegelian terms and concepts to demonstrate his refutation of secularist and immanentist reinterpretations of the Christian doctrines of election and providence under the Enlightenment principle of historical progress by modern German thinkers, most notably Hegel. As Barth sees it, Hegel was largely at fault for having provided theological and philosophical justifications for the rise of Germany's mystical nationalism in the name of German Christianity. Using Hegelian language, Barth insists against Hegel that election is God's predetermination of human existence in Christo. Rather than negating nationhood altogether, Barth's repudiation of nationalism is intended to stress that nationhood is an external basis of the communion of the elect, and that the election of the community is the internal basis of nationhood.
Parents’ depressive symptoms and reflective functioning predict parents’ proficiency in relational savoring and children’s physiological regulation
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Hong Kajung , Kazmierski Kelly F. M. , Smiley Patricia A. , Sohn Lucas , Guo Yuqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examined parental depression and parental reflective functioning (PRF) as predictors of parental proficiency in relational savoring (RS), the association between RS proficiency and a marker of children’s physiological self-regulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), during a stressor, and indirect effects of parental depression and PRF on children’s RSA via parents’ RS. At Time 1 (T1), parents of 8- to 12-year-old children (N = 139) reported on their depressive symptoms and completed a parenting interview, coded for PRF. After 1.5 years (Time 2; T2), parents savored a positive relational memory that involved their children, which was coded for savoring proficiency. Children’s RSA was measured during a stressful task (a series of impossible puzzles). Depressive symptoms (inversely) and PRF (positively) were associated with RS proficiency. Higher parental RS proficiency was associated with children’s higher mean levels of RSA during the stressor. Indirect effects models supported that T2 RS proficiency mediated the negative association between parental T1 depressive symptoms and children’s T2 RSA, and between T1 PRF and children’s T2 RSA. We discuss these findings in terms of implications for parents’ emotion regulation, children’s emotion regulation, children’s mental health, and intervention.
Validity of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in a healthy oldest-old 85+ sample
Authors: Nolin Sara A. , Cowart Hannah , Merritt Stacy , McInerney Katalina , Bharadwaj P. K. , Franchetti Mary Kate , Raichlen David A. , Jessup Cortney J. , Hishaw G. Alex , Van Etten Emily J. , Trouard Theodore P. , Geldmacher David S. , Wadley Virginia G. , Porges Eric S. , Woods Adam J. , Cohen Ron A. , Levin Bonnie E. , Rundek Tatjana , Alexander Gene E. , Visscher Kristina M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the construct validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH TB-CB) in the healthy oldest-old (85+ years old).Method:Our sample from the McKnight Brain Aging Registry consists of 179 individuals, 85 to 99 years of age, screened for memory, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Using previous research methods on a sample of 85 + y/o adults, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses on models of NIH TB-CB and same domain standard neuropsychological measures. We hypothesized the five-factor model (Reading, Vocabulary, Memory, Working Memory, and Executive/Speed) would have the best fit, consistent with younger populations. We assessed confirmatory and discriminant validity. We also evaluated demographic and computer use predictors of NIH TB-CB composite scores.Results:Findings suggest the six-factor model (Vocabulary, Reading, Memory, Working Memory, Executive, and Speed) had a better fit than alternative models. NIH TB-CB tests had good convergent and discriminant validity, though tests in the executive functioning domain had high inter-correlations with other cognitive domains. Computer use was strongly associated with higher NIH TB-CB overall and fluid cognition composite scores.Conclusion:The NIH TB-CB is a valid assessment for the oldest-old samples, with relatively weak validity in the domain of executive functioning. Computer use’s impact on composite scores could be due to the executive demands of learning to use a tablet. Strong relationships of executive function with other cognitive domains could be due to cognitive dedifferentiation. Overall, the NIH TB-CB could be useful for testing cognition in the oldest-old and the impact of aging on cognition in older populations.
Childcare, Work, and Household Labor During a Pandemic: Evidence on Parents’ Preferences in the United States
Authors: Hutchinson Annabelle , Khan Sarah , Matfess Hilary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy exacerbating a pre-existing crisis of childcare in the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic forced many parents to renegotiate household arrangements. What shapes parents’ preferences over different arrangements? In an online conjoint experiment, we assess how childcare availability, work status and earnings, and the intra-household division of labor shape heterosexual American parents’ preferences over different situations. We find that while mothers and fathers equally value outside options for childcare, the lack of such options – a significant feature of the pandemic – does not significantly change their evaluations of other features of household arrangements. Parents’ preferences over employment, earnings, and how to divide up household labor exhibit gendered patterns, which persist regardless of childcare availability. By illustrating the micro-foundations of household decision-making under constraints, our findings help to make sense of women’s retrenchment from the labor market during the pandemic: a pattern which may have long-term economic and political consequences.
Unusual Plasma Formations Produced by Positive Streamers Entering the Cloud of Negatively Charged Water Droplets
Authors: Kostinskiy A. Yu. , Bogatov N. A. , Syssoev V. S. , Mareev E. A. , Andreev M. G. , Bulatov M. U. , Sukharevsky D. I. , Rakov V. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKostinskiy et al. (2015b), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065620, using a high‐speed infrared (2.5–5.5 μm) camera, discovered the so‐called unusual plasma formations (UPFs) in artificial clouds of charged water droplets. UPFs had complex morphology including both streamer‐like regions and hot channel segments. They were observed both in the presence and in the absence of hot leader channels developing from the grounded plane toward the cloud. In this paper, which is aimed at revealing the genesis of UPFs, we present two UPFs that occurred inside the initial corona streamer burst of positive polarity emitted from the grounded plane, prior to the formation (or in the absence) of associated hot leader channel. These streamer bursts developed at speeds of 5–7 × 105 m/s over 1–1.5 m before entering the optically visible negatively charged cloud and producing UPFs at its periphery. Hot channel segments within UPFs were formed in very short times of the order of 1 μs or less. It is not clear if the UPFs were caused solely by the enhanced electric field near the charged cloud boundary or other factors also played a role. Occurrence of UPFs may be a necessary component of the lightning initiation process.
Integrating Bayesian Networks to Forecast Sea‐Level Rise Impacts on Barrier Island Characteristics and Habitat Availability
Authors: Gutierrez Benjamin T. , Zeigler Sara L. , Lentz Erika , Sturdivant Emily J. , Plant Nathaniel G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvaluation of sea‐level rise (SLR) impacts on coastal landforms and habitats is a persistent need for informing coastal planning and management, including policy decisions, particularly those that balance human interests and habitat protection throughout the coastal zone. Bayesian networks (BNs) are used to model barrier island change under different SLR scenarios that are relevant to management and policy decisions. BNs utilized here include a shoreline change model and two models of barrier island biogeomorphological evolution at different scales (50 and 5 m). These BNs were then linked to another BN to predict habitat availability for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), a threatened shorebird reliant on beach habitats. We evaluated the performance of the two linked geomorphology BNs and further examined error rates by generating hindcasts of barrier island geomorphology and habitat availability for 2014 conditions. Geomorphology hindcasts revealed that model error declined with a greater number of known inputs, with error rates reaching 55% when multiple outputs were hindcast simultaneously. We also found that, although error in predictions of piping plover nest presence/absence increased when outputs from the geomorphology BNs were used as inputs in the piping plover habitat BN, the maximum error rate for piping plover habitat suitability in the fully‐linked BNs was only 30%. Our findings suggest this approach may be useful for guiding scenario‐based evaluations where known inputs can be used to constrain variables that produce higher uncertainty for morphological predictions. Overall, the approach demonstrates a way to assimilate data and model structures with uncertainty to produce forecasts to inform coastal planning and management.
Multiple Magma Sources Beneath the Okmok Caldera as Inferred From Local Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Kasatkina Ekaterina , Koulakov Ivan , Grapenthin Ronni , Izbekov Pavel , Larsen Jessica F. , Al Arifi Nassir , Qaysi Saleh Ismail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOkmok volcano located on the northeastern part of the Umnak Island is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc. It was initially built as a large shield volcano, but 12,000 and 2,050 years ago, it experienced two caldera‐forming eruptions that destroyed the central part of the volcano. The post‐caldera eruptions have occurred mostly along the inner perimeter of the caldera from cinder and tuff cones. Here, we use the local earthquake data of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the time period from 2003 to 2017 to build a model with the 3D distributions of the P and S wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratio. At depths of more than 10 km, we observe a vertically aligned anomaly of high Vp/Vs ratio interpreted as a long‐lived conduit likely responsible for the volcano evolution since its origin. Above this conduit, we reveal a large anomaly of high Vp/Vs ratio representing the main magma reservoir that is connected with several shallow anomalies located below the centers of recent eruptions in the caldera. One of such anomalies represents a large shallow reservoir below the Cone A, which was the source of most of Okmok's historical eruptions. The most recent eruption occurred in 2008 and was fed by a magma diapir that was initially formed in the central magma reservoir and then slowly ascended through a ductile silica rich layer at depths from 6 to 2 km. This interpretation is consistent with the petrology studies and modeling of ground deformations.
A Nonlinear Cause for the Seasonal Predictability Barrier of SST Anomaly in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Yu Dakuan , Zhou Meng , Hang Chaoxun , Sun De‐Zheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe seasonal Predictability Barrier (PB) of Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) is characterized by a rapid loss of prediction skills at a particular season in dynamic models. Here, the connection between seasonal PB and the inherent nonlinearity of SSTA was investigated using a statistical method known as Sample Entropy (SamEn). When the SamEn value is large, the chaotic degree of SSTA is high. In the Niño 3 and Niño 3.4 regions, the chaotic degree of SSTA was high in the spring; in the Niño 4 region, it was high in the summer. This result was consistent with the known PB occurrence season in these regions. The month when the chaotic degree of SSTA peaked moved westward longitudinally from March to June. This spatial‐temporal variation of the chaotic degree was consistent with that of the low SSTA variance and PB occurrence timing. Specifically, when the variance of SSTA was low, the low‐amplitude background SSTA signal was more dominant than the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related signal, the chaotic degree of SSTA was high, and the PB phenomenon occurred. Hence, the results indicated that the background SSTA signal was more chaotic than the ENSO‐related signal and the seasonal PB may result from the inherent low predictability of the chaotic background SSTA signal. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between SSTA and shortwave flux anomaly showed similar variation along the longitude compared with the chaotic degree, which suggested that the seasonal connection between SSTA and atmospheric forcing may be responsible for the spatial‐temporal variation of the chaotic degree.
Reef Flat Flow Dynamics for a Nearly Closed Fringing Reef Lagoon: Ofu, American Samoa
Authors: Maticka Samantha A. , Rogers Justin S. , Woodson Clifton B. , Hefner Benjamin B. , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe discuss observations of tidally varying wave‐forced flows in the reef system on Ofu, American Samoa, a barrier reef and lagoon system that appears open at low tide and closed at high tide. At high tide, the free‐surface pressure gradient nearly balances the radiation stress gradient in the depth‐integrated momentum equation. At depth, there is an imbalance between these two forces, generating an undertow and flows that turn alongshore, and for some of the time, offshore, behavior similar to rip currents observed on beaches. At low tides, the wave forcing drives purely onshore flows. In general, wave transport is important to determining the total net transport. While the dynamically closed nature of the lagoon mostly suppresses cross‐reef transport, there is always some flow through the lagoon with the strongest flows occurring at high tides and when the wave forcing is strongest.
How Do Weak, Misaligned Tropical Cyclones Evolve Toward Alignment? A Multi‐Case Study Using the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System
Authors: Alvey George R. , Hazelton Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study simulates five initially weak, moderately sheared tropical cyclones (TCs) from the 2020–2021 North Atlantic basin hurricane seasons using the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). Four of the five simulations rapidly evolve from misaligned vortices with asymmetric precipitation and thermodynamic distributions toward more aligned and symmetric configurations. The displaced low‐level (LLC) and mid‐level circulations (MLC) non‐monotonically progress toward alignment with periods of reformation, precession, and advection. Beginning 12–18 hr pre‐alignment, TCs have increasingly greater mid‐tropospheric humidity and areal coverages of precipitation downshear left than the simulation that fails to align. Alignment precedes the most sustained symmetrization of favorable thermodynamics and precipitation, but deep convection (not necessarily symmetric) plays a critical role in alignment. Ida (2021), a high impact US storm, undergoes a vortex‐scale evolution where an increase in areal coverage and intensity of deep convection promotes a reformation of the vortex into a smaller compact core with a closed MLC (a closed LLC does not immediately form). This convective behavior downtilt helps to reshape the irrotational velocity field in the lower troposphere toward the reformed vortex. The increasingly convergent flow of favorable boundary layer thermodynamics within the inflow region thereby increases the instability, which maintains the persistent intense convection. The confluent flow ultimately promotes an advection of the pre‐existing LLC toward the reformed vortex resulting in alignment. Tilt reductions are also shown to be temporally linked with the diurnal cycle, wherein convection preferentially increases near the center during the early morning hours (local time).