bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eHealth literacy and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of parents of children needing paediatric surgery in Sweden
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Ólöf , Welander Tärneberg Anna , Stenström Pernilla , Castor Charlotte , Kristensson Hallström Inger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to describe different eHealth literacy domains among parents of children needing paediatric surgery in Sweden, and the correlation between these eHealth literacy domains and parents' socioeconomic factors and demographic characteristics.DesignDescriptive correlational design.MethodThirty‐five Swedish‐speaking parents participated as a historical control group within an ongoing Swedish clinical trial developing eHealth solutions for families after hospital care; of these, 30 completed the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire and the socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire.ResultsOf the seven eHealth literacy domains assessed, parents' strengths lay in those pertaining to their own digital competence, control and safety, while their weakness concerned their motivation to engage with digital services, and their ability to access eHealth platforms that work. Overall, parents presented adequate eHealth literacy. Of the five socioeconomic and demographic variables assessed (i.e. monthly wages, education levels, age, gender and residency), monthly wages correlated the strongest, and positively, with the seven eHealth literacy domains.
Tuning the Morphology of Spray‐Dried Supraparticles: Effects of Building Block Size and Concentration
Authors: Zhou Huanhuan , Pujales‐Paradela Rosa , Groppe Philipp , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTuning the morphology of supraparticles can crucially influence their final properties and is, thus, important for their application in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The present study reveals how varied nanoparticle sizes, concentrations, and weight ratios in multicomponent dispersions influence the morphology of supraparticles assembled by these nanoparticle building blocks via spray‐drying. In a droplet containing monodisperse nanoparticles, smaller nanoparticles form a coherent elastic shell due to lower cohesive forces. As the solvent enclosed in the shell evaporates less easily due to the narrow pores between the nanoparticles, this ultimately results in rather non‐spherical supraparticles, while larger nanoparticles tend to yield spherical supraparticles. When small nanoparticles outweigh large ones in binary or trinary dispersions, the small nanoparticles form the outer shell that shrinks into a mushroom cap‐like shape upon drying of the spray‐droplet, while larger nanoparticles stay in the center of the droplet, resulting in non‐spherical supraparticles. Furthermore, the findings give a more systematic insight into structures that potentially arise from multimodal‐sized building blocks, thus, paving the way to tune the supraparticle morphology upon spray‐drying, when working with more complex, multicomponent dispersions.
Development of a protein microarray for profiling circulating autoantibodies in human diseases
Authors: Ren Jing , Wang Hongye , Wei Chundi , Yang Xiaoming , Yu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a robust microarray platform to detect thousands of serological autoantibodies (AAbs) simultaneously in different diseases.Experimental DesignAn AAbMap microarray was prepared by printing a total of 4032 purified His‐tagged human proteins and peptide probes on a chemically‐modified slide. The sensitivity, dynamic range, and the inter‐ and intra‐array reproducibility of the AAb microarray were then systematically tested and optimized. Finally, the large‐scale profiling of AAbs in the serum of patients with different human diseases using the AAbMap microarray was demonstrated.ResultsThe dynamic range of antibody (Ab) detection was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 68 pg/mL. The intra‐array (r) correlation of duplicate spots was 1.00, whereas the inter‐array correlations between different arrays and batches were 0.99 and 0.97 to 0.98, respectively. Notably, 132, 266, 171, and 84 AAbs were detected in pooled serum from healthy controls (HCs) or patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or lung cancer (LC), respectively. These AAbs included antibodies that target well‐known disease biomarkers, such as anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide, anti‐ribonucleoprotein, and anti‐nucleosome.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe developed a microarray platform to measure thousands of serological AAbs simultaneously with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The array can help study autoimmunity and complement genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data for systematic investigations of human diseases.
Pre‐steady‐state kinetics and solvent isotope effects support the “billiard‐type” transport mechanism in Na+‐translocating pyrophosphatase
Authors: Malinen Anssi M. , Anashkin Viktor A. , Orlov Victor N. , Bogachev Alexander V. , Lahti Reijo , Baykov Alexander A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMembrane‐bound pyrophosphatase (mPPase) found in microbes and plants is a membrane H+ pump that transports the H+ ion generated in coupled pyrophosphate hydrolysis out of the cytoplasm. Certain bacterial and archaeal mPPases can in parallel transport Na+ via a hypothetical “billiard‐type” mechanism, also involving the hydrolysis‐generated proton. Here, we present the functional evidence supporting this coupling mechanism. Rapid‐quench and pulse‐chase measurements with [32P]pyrophosphate indicated that the chemical step (pyrophosphate hydrolysis) is rate‐limiting in mPPase catalysis and is preceded by a fast isomerization of the enzyme‐substrate complex. Na+, whose binding is a prerequisite for the hydrolysis step, is not required for substrate binding. Replacement of H2O with D2O decreased the rates of pyrophosphate hydrolysis by both Na+‐ and H+‐transporting bacterial mPPases, the effect being more significant than with a non‐transporting soluble pyrophosphatase. We also show that the Na+‐pumping mPPase of Thermotoga maritima resembles other dimeric mPPases in demonstrating negative kinetic cooperativity and the requirement for general acid catalysis. The findings point to a crucial role for the hydrolysis‐generated proton both in H+‐pumping and Na+‐pumping by mPPases.
Potential energy curves, partition functions and line intensities of HF and HCl molecules under the improved Hulburt‐Hirschfelder quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator model
Authors: Tian Hongrui , Fan Qunchao , Fan Zhixiang , Fu Jia , Li Huidong , Ma Jie , Xie Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn improved Hulburt‐Hirschfelder (IHH) quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator model which describes the exact analytical potential energy curves (PECs) of diatomic molecules is presented. The IHH analytical potential function that involves a variable parameter, four empirically determined low‐order molecular vibrational and rotational spectral constants and the dissociation energy was applied to the ground electronic states of HF and HCl, yielding a good agreement between the Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees (RKR) potential energy points and the calculations. Correspondingly, with the determined IHH PECs, the partition functions at temperatures 300–6000 Kelvin (K) and rovibrational line intensities are evaluated, and coincide well with those quoted in the HITRAN2020 database compilation. The methodology could be valuable for the detection of molecules in interstellar clouds using infrared spectroscopy, as well as thermochemical reactions.
Cystic pulmonary tuberculosis: A rare form of an ancient disease
Authors: Van Luong Dinh , Le Huy Ngoc , Pletschette Michel , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Nguyen Thinh Hoang , Nguyen Ngoc Bich Thi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCystic pulmonary tuberculosis is a unique form of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) presenting with multiple reversible cysts of the lung. Unlike the other forms, this cystic lung disease can improve with prompt tuberculosis treatments. Here we report the case of a 15‐year‐old girl who presented with respiratory failure and severe lung damage at hospital admission. We diagnosed her with PTB based on her positive GeneXpert result test. The patient was treated with a standard tuberculosis regimen for 6 months and recovered completely.
How do investors really react to the appointment of Black CEOs?
Authors: Jeong Seung‐Hwan , Mooney Ann , Zhang Yangyang , Quigley Timothy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryA recent study found that markets react negatively to the appointment of Black CEOs, with an average cumulative abnormal return of −4.2%. The authors argue this is caused by investors invoking racial biases and stereotypes. In contrast, using a comparable sampling period and analytic approach, we find markets react positively to the appointment of Black CEOs with an average abnormal return of +3.1% (or +2.0% after conservatively addressing outliers). Our results are consistent across several alternative analyses, sample adjustments, and robustness tests. We argue racial biases and stereotypes in markets are outweighed by investor appreciation for the higher bar for advancement that Black CEOs face and the exceptional attributes they must exhibit as a result. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our findings.Managerial SummaryA recent study found that markets react negatively (−4.2%) to the appointment of Black CEOs which the authors attribute to racial biases and stereotypes among market participants. If true, boards might be dissuaded from making such appointments out of concern for the firm's stock price and their own shareholdings. Using a comparable sample, we find the opposite with an average return of +3.1% for the appointment of Black CEOs. We argue biases and stereotypes are outweighed by investor appreciation for the higher bar for advancement that Black CEOs face. Specifically, we show Black CEOs are appointed with, on average, more years of education, advanced degrees, and elite education than a comparable group of White CEOs. We share data and code underlying our primary results.
A Facile Immobilization Strategy for Soluble Phosphazene to Actualize Stable and Safe Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhu Tao , Chen Dongli , Liu Guoqing , Qi Peng , Gu Xiaoyu , Li Hongfei , Sun Jun , Zhang Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their high energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, LSBs are still restricted by the unsatisfactory electrochemical performance resulting from the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPSs), and the potential fire hazard caused by inflammable ether electrolytes and polyolefin separators. Herein, a facile immobilization strategy for hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) is creatively applied to address the above issues simultaneously. Insoluble HCCP cross‐linked microspheres (H‐CMP) are firstly obtained at ambient temperature using tannic acid (TA) as a cross‐linking agent and then a multifunctional separator coating is constructed based on H‐CMP. The released phosphorus‐related radicals from H‐CMP in wide temperatures effectively prevent the combustion of electrolytes and separators, and hence improve the fire safety of the Li–S pouch cell. Furthermore, H‐CMP availably chemisorbs LiPSs to interdict the shuttle effect, thereby dramatically improving the electrochemical performance of LSBs. The effectiveness of this strategy is also verified in high sulfur loading (6.38 mg cm‐2), high temperature (50 °C), and Li–S pouch cells. More importantly, H‐CMP exhibits sufficient stability for Li metal and suppression of Li dendrites. This facile immobilization strategy for multifunctional phosphazenes provides a competitive option for the large‐scale fabrication of high‐safety and high‐performance LSBs.
Roll‐to‐roll structuring and PECVD coating of polymer foils
Authors: Barz Jakob , Umlauf Georg 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn the innovation field “Functional Surfaces and Materials” at the Fraunhofer IGB, research is being carried out to tailor the surface properties of PU foils and other materials via roll‐to‐roll processes. The goal is to save considerable costs by applying a unique and resource‐saving structures and coatings to self‐adhesive, transparent and erosion‐resistant PU foils to equip various technical devices with water and ice repellency. We are now able to obtain such surfaces in two separate roll‐to‐roll processes using low‐pressure plasma (pressure p < 100 Pa) in combination with a microstructuring process. Through structure and coating, the contact area and adhesion are minimized. Compared to an untreated reference surface, we are able to increase water contact angles from 76° to 157°. The structuring and coating of polymer foils make it therefore possible to open up new fields of application at lower cost than direct treatment of the various technical surfaces.
Promoting Web-Source Evaluation and Comprehension of Conflicting Online Documents: Effects of Classroom Interventions
Authors: Mason Lucia , Moè Angelica , Tornatora Maria Caterina , Ronconi Angelica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effectiveness of two short-term instructional interventions on the evaluation of digital sources in the classroom context. One hundred sixty-one 8th graders were involved in one of three conditions: an intervention based on providing declarative knowledge (DK) on source evaluation, an intervention based on providing contrasting cases (CC) of source evaluation strategies, and a control condition (C) with no intervention. Students in both intervention conditions carried out a series of activities in two lessons. Prior topic knowledge and interest, reading comprehension, working memory, and perceived competence in online information search and evaluation were used as control variables to ensure the equivalence of participants across conditions. In all conditions, participants were asked to read four documents on the debated issue of the potential health risks associated with the use of the mobile phone and, after reading, to rank-order them for reliability, providing justifications for their rank-ordering, and to write a short essay to judge those health risks, based on the texts read. The findings indicate that both interventions were effective, to some extent, in promoting the use of source characteristics in reliability judgments, as revealed by the justifications provided by the students for motivating their rank-ordering of the read documents. Both interventions were also effective in supporting multiple-text comprehension as revealed by the students’ argumentation in short essays.
The Motivation of Distance Learning in Universities Since Covid- 19 Outbreak
Authors: Limone Pierpaolo , Toto Giusi Antonia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAround midmonth March 2020, The World Health Organization acknowledged the COVID outbreak as a “public health emergency of international concern.” Worldwide, various heads of state-imposed mandatory lockdowns to curb and ease the spread of the disease. With such restrictions in hand, the education sector was among the many which felt the pinch brought about by the restriction measures imposed. To try and flatten the curve and minimize the spreading of the virus from one person to another, there was a need for reduced physical contact among people. According to Shahzad et al. (2020), public gatherings such as parties, religious services, social amenities, political gatherings, and physical learning for both universities and lower levels stopped since health comes first before anything else. With that in hand, the world had to look for suitable solutions to cope with the pandemic since the virus was not ending time soon; as a result, the globe adapted ‘the new normal of life. In response, education facilities had to embark on e-learning since life had to continue, which is great gratitude to technology. However, it brought about various issues that we will try and highlight since a change in anything is always accompanied by multiple challenges.
Keller–Segel–(Navier–)Stokes System Modeling Coral Fertilization
Authors: Ke Yuanyuan , Li Jing , Wang Yifu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemotaxis, the directed movement caused by the concentration of certain chemicals, is ubiquitous in biology and ecology, and has a significant effect on pattern formation in numerous biological contexts (Hillen and Painter 2009; Maini et al. 1991).
Interpreting electroweak precision data including the W-mass CDF anomaly
Authors: Strumia Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We perform a global fit of electroweak data, finding that the anomaly in the W mass claimed by the CDF collaboration can be reproduced as a universal new-physics correction to the T parameter or |H†DμH|2 operator. Contributions at tree-level from multi-TeV new physics can fit the anomaly compatibly with collider bounds: we explore which scalar vacuum expectation values (such as a triplet with zero hypercharge), Z′ vectors (such as a Z′ coupled to the Higgs only), little-Higgs models or higher-dimensional geometries provide good global fits. On the other hand, new physics that contributes at loop-level must be around the weak scale to fit the anomaly. Thereby it generically conflicts with collider bounds, that can be bypassed assuming special kinematics like quasi-degenerate particles that decay into Dark Matter (such as an inert Higgs doublet or appropriate supersymmetric particles).
Accuracy of MR arthrography in the detection of posterior glenoid labral injuries of the shoulder
Authors: Rixey Allison , Rhodes Nicholas , Murthy Naveen , Johnson Matthew , Larson Nicholas , Ringler Michael D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of MR arthrography in detecting isolated posterior glenoid labral injuries using arthroscopy as the reference standard.

Methods
MR arthrograms of 97 patients with isolated posterior glenoid labral tears by arthroscopy and those of 96 age and gender-matched controls with intact posterior labra were reviewed by two blinded radiologists for the presence and location of posterior labral abnormalities. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of posterior labral tears were calculated as well as the prevalence of associated pathologies. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, history and direction of shoulder instability, and prior surgery.

Results
Posterior labral pathology was detected by MR arthrography with sensitivities of 76% and 84% for readers 1 and 2, and a specificity of 88% for both readers. Kappa value for interreader agreement was 0.91. Twenty-two of twenty-three (96%) tears isolated to the posteroinferior quadrant on arthroscopy were correctly identified on MRI. Commonly associated pathologies included paralabral cyst (38%), humeral fracture (7%), and glenoid fracture (2%). Fifteen of ninety-seven (16%) patients with posterior tears on both arthroscopy and MRI had glenoid rim deficiency on imaging versus no patients with intact posterior labra (p < 0.001). Forty of ninety-seven (41%) patients with posterior tears on arthroscopy had a history of posterior instability versus none without posterior tears. There was no significant difference in tear length on MRI between those with a history of instability and those without (p = 0.56).

Conclusion
MR arthrography is accurate in detecting posterior glenoid labroligamentous injuries.
HER2 status is positively associated with vessel invasion of colorectal cancer: a retrospective large cohort study
Authors: Wang Mingdian , Wang Xiang , Li Yiwei , Li Qingguo , Cai Sanjun , Li Xinxiang , Ma Maoguang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
HER2-positive colorectal cancer was drawn increasing attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence showed HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. While HER2 expression and the relationship between HER2 status and clinicopathological characteristics of overall colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate HER2 expression in colorectal cancer and compare the clinicopathological features between HER2-positive and HER2-negative colorectal cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 3910 primary colorectal cancer patients treated in our institution from January 2016 to December 2019. Medical records and pathology reports after surgery were collected to provide information about HER2 status and other clinicopathological characteristics.

Results
We identified 3347 HER2-negative and 79 HER2-positive colorectal cancer patients in our cohort. The chi-square test showed that vessel invasion was significantly more common in HER2-positive colorectal cancer patients. Crude analysis showed HER2 positive was associated with vessel invasion in colorectal cancer [OR and 95% CI 0.534 (0.341, 0.835), p = 0.006]. After adjusting for N stage, a significant association was still observed between HER2 status and vessel invasion in colorectal cancer [OR and 95% CI 0.550 (0.322, 0.941), p = 0.029]. Survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival rate between HER2 positive and HER2 negative group (p = 0.603).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the rate of HER2 positivity in colorectal cancer was relatively low, and HER2 status was strongly associated with vessel invasion while having no significant influence on the 3-year overall survival rate in colorectal cancer patients.
Differing sizes of bullet entrance holes in skin of the anterior and posterior trunk
Authors: Geisenberger D. , Große Perdekamp M. , Pollak S. , Thierauf-Emberger A. , Thoma V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish whether the size (diameter and area) of bullet entrance holes in skin varies between distant shots to the anterior and posterior trunk, respectively, when using the same ammunition (in concreto pistol cartridges 9 mm Luger). For that purpose, specimens of porcine skin from the belly region and the back were taken (10 samples each) and shot at from a distance of 1.6 m. The entrance holes were photo-documented under standardised conditions. After image processing for contrast enhancement, the maximum diameter and the area of each skin defect were measured automatically by means of an image analysis system. Both size parameters differed significantly depending on the body region affected. On the back with its comparatively thick dermis, the skin defects were considerably smaller than those on the ventral trunk where the corium is less thick. This difference can be explained by the fact that the elastic properties of skin are strongly determined by the connective tissue which is especially rich in fibres. The study results were consistent with the authors’ casework experience and support the assumption that the entrance site of gunshot wounds has a major influence on the size of the bullet hole in skin.