bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of microencapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis Cry pesticidal proteins
Authors: de Oliveira Jhones Luiz , Gómez Isabel , Sánchez Jorge , Soberón Mario , Polanczyk Ricardo Antonio , Bravo Alejandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The entomopathogenic bacteriaBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) produce parasporal-crystal inclusions composed of different pesticidal proteins such as Cry, that show insecticidal activity against insect pests. Cry toxins are highly susceptible to degradation when exposed to adverse temperature and continuous sun-UV-light. Thus, encapsulation techniques are designed to improve their biopesticide performance and shelf-life. However, the effects of polymeric matrix encapsulation on the mechanism of action of Cry toxins produced by Btkurstakiand Btaizawaihas not been evaluated. Here, we analyzed the solubilization, activation and the binding of Bt insecticidal Cry proteins to their receptors after microencapsulation and compared with commercial non-encapsulated Bt biopesticides. We show that solubilization is one step in the mechanism of action of these proteins that could limit Cry toxin action, the microencapsulation of Bt biopesticides did not alter protein profiles solubilization compared to those non-encapsulated, showing a 130 kDa (corresponding to Cry1 protoxin) and 70 kDa (corresponding to Cry2 protoxin) proteins. Activation with trypsin, chymotrypsin and larval midgut juice was analyzed, showing that this step is highly efficient, and proteins were cleaved producing similar ~ 55 to 65 kDa activated toxins in microencapsulated and non-encapsulated formulations. Binding assays with receptors that are present in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) ofManduca sextaandSpodoptera frugiperdalarvae showed similar binding curves for conventional and microencapsulated formulations. Finally, LC50bioassays against these pests, showed no significant differences among the treatments. However, when these formulations were subjected to UV radiation, we observed for the microencapsulated Bt formulations provided higher mortality against S.frugiperdalarvae, supporting a higher protective effect against degradation. Overall, our results show that microencapsulation of Bt biopesticides did not affect the mechanism of action of their pesticidal proteins while enhanced protection to UV radiation. These data will contribute to the development of more efficient Bt biopesticide formulations.
Quantifying the changes in the runoff and its components across the Upper Indus River Basin under climate change
Authors: Baig Sohaib , Sayama Takahiro , Yamada Masafumi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The runoff from the Upper Indus River Basin (UIB) is considered vital for sustainable water supply and agriculture. Climate change may alter the runoff and affect the availability of water. This study employs a hydrologic model and the climate projections of fine-resolution Meteorological Research Institute-Atmospheric General Circulation Model (MRI-AGCM) (0.1875°) to assess the impacts of climate change in the future (2075–2099) on the flows in the UIB and its sub-basins. The simulations have shown satisfactory results compared to the observed ones. Furthermore, simulated snow-cover was compared with estimated snow-cover by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). According to the results, meltwater from glaciers contributes to about two-thirds of the annual runoff from the UIB. According to the projections, the future temperature will increase by 5.3 °C and annual precipitation will increase by 17% across the UIB. Despite this increase, the annual river flows were projected to decrease by 14% in the future because of depleted glacier melt. Furthermore, the detailed hydrologic responses in selected sub-basins showed different patterns in the future depending on the climate and elevation. In an eastern sub-basin, flows will increase by 58% because of enhanced glacier melt and higher precipitation. Contrarily, two western sub-basins will experience the reduction of the flow by 30–70% because of the glacier retreat.
Bioactive Furanyl- or Thienyl-Substituted Nucleobases, Nucleosides and
Their Analogues
Authors: Ostrowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Five-membered heterocycles, including furan and thiophene, play a prominent role in drug design as structural units of bioactive molecules. This review is intended to demonstrate the importance of the furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl substituents in medicinal chemistry of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, nucleosides and selected analogues. Data presented in the article are limited to compounds containing heteroaromatic ring connected through a bond, and not fused to other systems. The impact of bioisosteric replacement of aryl substituents with heteroaryl ones on activities was assessed by comparison of the title compounds with their aryl counterparts. A total of 135 heteroaryl-substituted and 35 aryl-substituted derivatives are mentioned in the text and shown in the figures. The following classes of compounds are included in the article: (i) 5-heteroaryl-2’-deoxyuridines and related compounds; (ii) 8-heteroaryl-2,9-disubstituted adenine derivatives; (iii) O6-(heteroarylmethyl)guanines; (iv) 6-heteroaryl tricyclic guanine analogues; (v) 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines and analogous compounds; (vi) N4-furfurylcytosine, N6-furfuryladenine, their derivatives and analogues; (vii) 6-heteroaryl purine and 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides; (viii) 7-heteroaryl-7-deazaadenosines, their derivatives and analogues; (ix) 4-heteroaryl fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides. In most cases various modifications of the lead compound structure performed in order to obtain the most favorable activity and selectivity are briefly discussed. The reviewed structure-activity relationship studies exemplify the search for compounds with optimized antiviral, antitumor, antimycobacterial or antiparkinsonian action.
Insight to Combat Post COVID-19 Mortality: Complications and
their Biomarkers
Authors: Srivastava Rajnish , Patel Pankaj Singh , Dev Suresh Kumar , Pradhan Joohee , Panchawat Sunita 
Published: August 2022

Background:
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that has
become a prominent source of morbidity and mortality around the world. With millions
infected globally by the COVID-19 epidemic, long-term care for COVID-19 survivors has
become a global concern. As a result, research into the long-term pulmonary and
extrapulmonary consequences and complications of COVID is absolutely necessary.

Objectives:
In an attempt to better understand and mitigate post recovery mortality,
early detection of the post recovery complication might prevent the severity of the
complication and can be recovered. As per cases reported, post covid extrapulmonary
complications were more than pulmonary complications. However, the post covid
pulmonary complications were found to be more lethal and nonrecoverable in most of
the cases than extrapulmonary complications.

Methods:
The present review is an attempt to reveal the role and importance of
biomarkers associated with critical post covid pulmonary complications. COVID-19 is
associated with post-covid pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary endothelial dysfunction,
pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary mucormycosis, biomarkers and WHO, as keywords
were used to retrieve updated information. PubMed, and Google Scholar were used as
search engines for this.

Results:
There must be a better knowledge of the post-COVID-19 pulmonary problems
in terms of systemic pathophysiological results to create multidisciplinary clinics to
address both long-term symptoms and potential long-term consequences. This can be
achieved by revealing the molecular pathogenesis that can be validated by certain
biomarkers and various diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the clinical program can be
designed to treat and effectively manage the post covid pulmonary complications in
early-stage to prevent mortality.

Conclusion:
In order to deal with the specific logistical problems given by pandemic
circumstances, effective interdisciplinary collaboration models draw on experiences
learned during the early phases of the pandemic.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between Thrombolysis Plus Anticoagulation
vs. Anticoagulation Alone for the Treatment of Acute Submassive
Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Qingyun , Gao Han , Wang Yingju , Chen Quanfang 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis
plus anticoagulant therapy vs. anticoagulant therapy alone in acute submassive pulmonary embolism
(PE).

Materials and Methods:
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for
randomized clinical trials comparing thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation vs. anticoagulation alone
in acute submassive PE patients from 1 Jan 1980 to 20 Jan 2021, with no drug or dose restrictions. Data
on upgraded treatment of clinical deterioration, all-cause mortality, PE recurrence and bleeding events
were extracted and analyzed using Revman 5.3 software.

Results:
A total of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1871 patients were included in the study
after screening. In terms of efficacy, thrombolysis combined with anticoagulant therapy reduced the
need for upgrading treatment (3.6 vs. 10.9%, risk ratio (RR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-
0.54, p<0.00001) and PE recurrence (0.8 vs. 2.9%, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16-0.69, p=0.003) in patients
with acute submassive PE. Compared with anticoagulant therapy alone, the concomitant use of thrombolysis
was associated with lower all-cause mortality (1.3 vs. 3.0%, RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.87,
p=0.02), but it increased minor bleeding rate (31.4 vs. 8.4%, RR 3.71, 95% CI 2.82-4.88, p<0.0001) and
major bleeding rate (8.8 vs. 2.6%, RR 3.35, 95%CI 2.03-5.54, p<0.0001).

Conclusions:
The use of thrombolysis plus anticoagulant therapy in acute submassive PE was negatively
associated with patients requiring escalation of treatment, PE recurrence, and all-cause mortality, but it
was positively associated with bleeding.
A Case of Intracranial Space-occupying Lesion Caused by Infection of
AIDS-associated Talaromyces Marnefei
Authors: Tang Xiaoping , Liu Jinxin , Xie Shuyi , Zhang Lieguang , Huang Deyang , Yang Yanhong , Zhang Zhiping , Xiao Yanhua 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is a heat-dimorphic fungus that commonly causes fatal opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this case report,

Case Presentation:
In this case report we describe a case of intracranial infection of T. marneffei in a
42-year-old AIDS patient. Contrast enhanced MRI showed the left occipital lobe mass with ring enhancement,
MRS showed elevated AAs and Lip waves in the mass. Surgical resection of the occipital
lobe confirmed the lesion to be T. marneffei infection and possibly with tuberculosis after a pathological
examination. Patients with intracranial ring enhancing space-occupying lesions on MRI should be
considered for intracranial T. marneffei infection. Intracranial T. marneffei infection is relatively rarely
reported and recently studied.

Conclusion:
The MRI in this case suggests that ring enhancement mass and elevated AAs and Lip waves are helpful in the diagnosis of T.marneffei infection.
Serological Evidence and Self-reported Outcomes in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency during the First Waves of COVID-19 in North-East Italy
Authors: Sabbadin Chiara , Falb Mor Peleg , Voltan Giacomo , Tizianel Irene , Padoan Andrea , Betterle Corrado , Basso Daniela , Plebani Mario , Barbot Mattia , Scaroni Carla , Ceccato Filippo 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
COVID-19 is a potentially serious new infection first reported in North East
Italy in Spring, 2020. Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have a known increased risk of infections
that could precipitate to adrenal crisis. Even COVID-19-related psycho-social impact could
affect their health, requiring a dynamic adaptation of daily glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 infection and self-reported outcomes in AI
patients after the first pandemic waves.

Methods:
It was an open-label, cross-sectional monocentric study on 84 (65 primary, 19 secondary)
AI patients resident in Veneto and followed-up in our clinical Endocrine Unit. All patients underwent
serological investigation of anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG, answered the purpose-built “ADDICOVID”
questionnaire in August, 2020, and were re-contacted to reevaluate COVID-19 infection
occurrence in March-April, 2021.

Results:
All patients resulted negative to the serological test for anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG at the end of
the first pandemic wave. After the third wave, COVID-19 infection occurred in 8 patients without
the need for hospitalization. Half patients felt an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, significantly
associated with increased stress and GC stress dose. Only one patient reported stress-correlated
adrenal crisis. The majority of AI workers changed working habits, significantly reducing COVID-
19-related stress.

Conclusion:
AI patients did not show an increased incidence of COVID-19, but the perception of
increased COVID-19 infection risk significantly impacted their psychological well-being, working
habits, and GC daily doses. Therapeutic patient education is crucial, especially for AI workers, to
prevent and treat situations that could lead to an adrenal crisis.
The Perception of English Vowels by Kurdish EFL Learners
Authors: Hamid Twana Saadi , Salih Shabang Sardar 
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates English vowel perception in a formal classroom setting by Central Kurdish (CK) learners of English (i.e. EFL learners at university level in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq). Ten English vowels were used as stimuli: five monophthongs with similar qualities but different quantities. The participants included 30 first year English majors. They were tested while performing a discrimination task. The task to discriminate 50 pairs of RP English vowel contrasts was an AX style task. The RP vowels differed from the CK vowels in both quality and quantity. As stated by the Perceptual Assimilation Model L2, the results demonstrated a variety of assimilation types (PAM-L2). It was more difficult to distinguish between two sets of similar vowels. Furthermore, closer vowel contrasts in the vowel space were more difficult to distinguish. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has looked into Kurdish EFL students' perceptions of English vowels. The perception of English vowels by these Kurdish English learners mostly agreed with PAM's predictions, and the results of the discrimination task ranged from excellent to poor.
Mining Severe Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction Cases in Pediatric Electronic Health Records: Methodology Development and Applications
Authors: Yu Yuncui , Zhao Qiuye , Cao Wang , Wang Xiaochuan , Li Yanming , Xie Yuefeng , Wang Xiaoling 
Published: August 2022

Background
Severe drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) refer to allergic reactions caused by drugs and usually present with severe skin rashes and internal damage as the main symptoms. Reporting of severe DHRs in hospitals now solely occurs through spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs), which clinicians in charge operate. An automatic identification system scrutinizes clinical notes and reports potential severe DHR cases.

Objective
The goal of the research was to develop an automatic identification system for mining severe DHR cases and discover more DHR cases for further study. The proposed method was applied to 9 years of data in pediatrics electronic health records (EHRs) of Beijing Children’s Hospital.

Methods
The phenotyping task was approached as a document classification problem. A DHR dataset containing tagged documents for training was prepared. Each document contains all the clinical notes generated during 1 inpatient visit in this data set. Document-level tags correspond to DHR types and a negative category. Strategies were evaluated for long document classification on the openly available National NLP Clinical Challenges 2016 smoking task. Four strategies were evaluated in this work: document truncation, hierarchy representation, efficient self-attention, and key sentence selection. In-domain and open-domain pretrained embeddings were evaluated on the DHR dataset. An automatic grid search was performed to tune statistical classifiers for the best performance over the transformed data. Inference efficiency and memory requirements of the best performing models were analyzed. The most efficient model for mining DHR cases from millions of documents in the EHR system was run.

Results
For long document classification, key sentence selection with guideline keywords achieved the best performance and was 9 times faster than hierarchy representation models for inference. The best model discovered 1155 DHR cases in Beijing Children’s Hospital EHR system. After double-checking by clinician experts, 357 cases of severe DHRs were finally identified. For the smoking challenge, our model reached the record of state-of-the-art performance (94.1% vs 94.2%).

Conclusions
The proposed method discovered 357 positive DHR cases from a large archive of EHR records, about 90% of which were missed by SRSs. SRSs reported only 36 cases during the same period. The case analysis also found more suspected drugs associated with severe DHRs in pediatrics.
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postsecondary Students: Randomized Factorial Trial for Examining Motivational Interviewing and Booster Lessons
Authors: Peynenburg Vanessa , Hadjistavropoulos Heather , Thiessen David , Titov Nickolai , Dear Blake 
Published: August 2022

Background
Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) can improve access to mental health care for students, although high attrition rates are concerning and little is known about long-term outcomes. Motivational interviewing (MI) exercises and booster lessons can improve engagement and outcomes in face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the use of pretreatment MI exercises and booster lessons in ICBT for postsecondary students.

Methods
In this factorial trial (factor 1: web-based MI before treatment; factor 2: self-guided booster lesson 1 month after treatment), 308 clients were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment conditions, with 277 (89.9%) clients starting treatment. All clients received a 5-week transdiagnostic ICBT course (the UniWellbeing course). Primary outcomes included changes in depression, anxiety, and perceived academic functioning from before treatment to after treatment and at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups.

Results
Overall, 54% (150/277) of students completed treatment and reported large improvements in symptoms of depression and anxiety and small improvements in academic functioning after treatment, which were maintained at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Pretreatment MI did not contribute to better treatment completion or engagement, although small between-group effects favored MI for reductions in depression (Cohen d=0.23) and anxiety (Cohen d=0.25) after treatment. Only 30.9% (43/139) of students randomized to one of the booster conditions accessed the booster. Overall, no main effects were found for the booster. Subanalyses revealed that clients who accessed the booster had larger decreases in depressive symptoms (Cohen d=0.31) at the 3-month follow-up. No interactions were found between MI and the booster.

Conclusions
Rather than offering MI before treatment, clients may experience more benefits from MI exercises later in ICBT when motivation wanes. The low uptake of the self-guided booster limited our conclusions regarding its effectiveness. Future research should examine offering a booster for a longer duration after treatment, with therapist support and a longer follow-up period.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04264585; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04264585
Uji Kinerja Teknologi Kontrol Tepat Guna untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Produksi Sutera Alam
Authors: Sutiarso Lilik , Suyantohadi Atris , Purwanto Hari , Radi Radi 
Published: August 2022

The world demand of raw-silk provides a great opportunity to the development of raw-silk production in Yogyakarta. Recently, only 21% of the overall world demand of raw-silk is fulfilled, whereas Indonesia contributes only 0.1% per year. The main problem is the lack of quality of raw-silk. The optimum growth of silkworm depends on micro environments, i.e. temperature, humidity, aeration, and light intensity. The research aimed at designing an automated “on/off” control technology in the silkworm rearing environmental monitoring in the farming system, while the expected result was high-grade quality of cocoon. In the research, two different conditions of silkworm growing environments were compared, i.e. controlled environment (in the rearing box) and uncontrolled environment. The result indicated that there was increase in the quality of cocoon. Test of cocoons in laboratory showed that the average thickness of cocoons in controlled rearing environment and in rearing environment was 0.033 cm and 0.029 cm, respectively. The percentage of cocoons in controlled rearing environment was higher than cocoons in normal environment.
Pendekatan Multivariat untuk Pengukuran Kualitas Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum) Berdasarkan Parameter Warna Pendekatan Multivariat untuk Pengukuran Kualitas Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum) Berdasarkan Parameter Warna
Authors: Masithoh Rudiati Evi , Rahardjo Budi , Sutiarso Lilik , Hardjoko Agus 
Published: August 2022

In this study, multivariate linear regression (MLR) was used to predict the content of Brix, total carotene, citric acid,and vitamin C of tomato based on RGB color parameters. Tomatoes were stored at 6 °C and 28 °C then their quality parameters were measured. R, G, and B values were measured non-destructively using computer vision system developed in the previous study. Brix, total carotene, citric acid, and vitamin C were determined by conventional procedures in the laboratory. Data analysis showed that the MLR calibration models could be used to predict Brix, total carotene, citric acid, and vitamin C with R2 of 0.77and 0.72, 0.902 and 0.85, 0.71 and 0.77, as well as 0.88 and 0.82 for temperature of 6 °C and 28 °C, respectively.ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini, multivariate linier regression (MLR) digunakan untuk memprediksi kandungan Brix, karoten total,asam sitrat, dan vitamin C dari tomat berdasarkan parameter warna RGB. Tomat disimpan pada suhu 6 °C dan 28 °C kemudian diukur parameter kualitasnya. Nilai R, G, dan B diukur secara non-destructive dari computer vision system yang dikembangkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Parameter kualitas Brix, karoten total, asam sitrat, dan vitamin C ditentukan secara destructive dengan prosedur konvensional di laboratorium. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa model kalibrasi MLR dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi Brix, karoten total, asam sitrat, dan vitamin C dengan R2 sebesar0,77dan 0,72, 0,902 dan 0,85, 0,71 dan 0,77, serta 0,88 dan 0,82 untuk suhu 6 °C dan 28 °C secara berturutan.