bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer With Increased Drug Resistance, Invasion Ability, and Cancer Stem Cell Property Through Metabolism Reprogramming
Authors: Chong Kian-Hwee , Chang Yao-Jen , Hsu Wei-Hsin , Tu Ya-Ting , Chen Yi-Ru , Lee Ming-Cheng , Tsai Kuo-Wang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the survival rate of patients with breast cancer strongly depends on their stage and clinicopathological features. Chemoradiation therapy is commonly employed to improve the survival of patients with advanced breast cancer. However, the treatment process is often accompanied by the development of drug resistance, which eventually leads to treatment failure. Metabolism reprogramming has been recognized as a mechanism of breast cancer resistance. In this study, we established a doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7-D500) cell line through a series of long-term doxorubicin in vitro treatments. Our data revealed that MCF-7-D500 cells exhibited increased multiple-drug resistance, cancer stemness, and invasiveness compared with parental cells. We analyzed the metabolic profiles of MCF-7 and MCF-7-D500 cells through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We observed significant changes in 25 metabolites, of which 21 exhibited increased levels (> 1.5-fold change and P < .05) and 4 exhibited decreased levels (< 0.75-fold change and P < .05) in MCF-7-D500. These results suggest the involvement of metabolism reprogramming in the development of drug resistance in breast cancer, especially the activation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the hexamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Furthermore, most of the enzymes involved in glycolysis, the HBP, and the TCA cycle were upregulated in MCF-7-D500 cells and contributed to the poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of drug resistance in breast cancer, and these drug resistance-related metabolic pathways can serve as targets for the treatment of chemoresistance in breast cancer.
IL-6 and cfDNA monitoring throughout COVID-19 hospitalisation are accurate markers of its outcomes
Authors: Bello Salvador , Lasierra Ana Belen , López-Vergara Lucía , de Diego Cristina , Torralba Laura , de Gopegui Pablo Ruiz , Lahoz Raquel , Abadía Claudia , Godino Javier , Cebollada Alberto , Jimeno Beatriz , Bello Carlota , Tejada Antonio , Torres Antoni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Severe COVID-19 entails a dysregulated immune response, most likely inflammation related to a lack of virus control. A better understanding of immune toxicity, immunosuppression balance, and COVID-19 assessments could help determine whether distinct clinical presentations are driven by specific types of immune responses. The progression of the immune response and tissular damage could predict outcomes and may help in the management of patients.
Methods: We collected 201 serum samples from 93 hospitalised patients classified as moderately, severely, and critically ill. We differentiated the viral, early inflammatory, and late inflammatory phases and included 72 patients with 186 samples in separate stages for longitudinal study as well as 55 controls. We studied selected cytokines, P-selectin, and the issue damage markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
Results TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and G-CSF were associated with severity and mortality, but only IL-6 increased since admission in the critical patients and non-survivors, correlating with damage markers. The lack of a significant decrease in IL-6 levels in the critical patients and non-survivors in the early inflammatory phase (a decrease present in the other patients) suggests that these patients did not achieve viral control on days 10–16. For all patients, lactate dehydrogenase and cfDNA levels increased with severity, and cfDNA levels increased in the non-survivors from the first sample (p=0.002) to the late inflammatory phase (p=0.031). In the multivariate study, cfDNA was an independent risk factor for mortality and ICU admission.
Conclusions: The distinct progression of IL-6 levels in the course of the disease, especially on days 10-16, was a good marker of progression to critical status and mortality and could guide the start of IL-6 blockade. cfDNA was an accurate marker of severity and mortality from admission and throughout COVID-19 progression.
A Methodology for the Study of Interspecific Cohabitation Issues in City
Authors: DELAHAYE Pauline 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present article will introduce a proposition of semiotic methodology that can be used to diagnose cohabitation issues in cities between human inhabitants and non-animal liminals. This methodology is built on a few sets of data that should be easy to obtain in any important city, and can therefore be utilised in a variety of situations. The different sets of data allow us to map the semiosphere (following Hoffmeyer’s meaning of the term) of the cohabitation situation along three axes: the materiality of the situation, the symbolic value of the relationship, and the emotional value of the interaction. These three aspects allow us to see gaps, paradoxes and points of consistency, enabling of complex and multi-level understanding of the situation.
A Rare but Sinister Cause of Shoulder Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Ting 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a highly aggressive but rare cancer, especially when it first presents as shoulder pain. However, shoulder pain as a possible initial manifestation of lung cancer has been frequently reported.
CASE PRESENTATION: An 84-year-old male, an ex-smoker, presented with left shoulder pain for two weeks. On examination, his clinical findings showed minor rotator cuff pathology and cervical spine degenerative changes. However, 6 months later, he was diagnosed of primary LCNEC lung cancer.
CONCLUSION: The potential aetiologies of shoulder pain in a lung cancer case include: 1) Pain due to tumour invasion or supraclavicular lymph nodes compression of the brachial plexus; 2) Somatic referred pain due to stimulation of phrenic nerve or cervical structure; 3) Pain due to shoulder metastatic disease; 4) Radicular pain due to lower cervical nerve root impingement. Smoking and past cancer history should draw attention and lead to early investigations and regular follow-up reviews. Cautious interpretations of clinical examination and imaging findings are essential to increase diagnostic accuracy.
Preoperative telemedicine visits are as efficient as in-person appointments in avoiding unnecessary cancellation of elective surgical procedures
Authors: Duckworth Janeen Wills - , Dennis Jacqueline , Harrop Catriona , Hoshowsky Victoria Maria , Merli Geno , Weitz Howard , Patel Pious D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges in health care, not the least of which was the need to find alternatives to an in-person evaluation in order to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus. Despite the discontinuation of elective procedures at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in March 2020, there was a subset of patients that required urgent surgical procedures. Consequently, there needed to be a different approach to the presurgical assessment of these patients. At our institution teleconsultation had gained acceptance by patients and providers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore a program was rapidly developed utilizing teleconsultation to assess these patients. The question we sought to answer was, in patients undergoing surgery, does completing the preoperative surgical consult through teleconsultation affect the cancellation rate on the day of surgery?
Method: A retrospective quantitative study was performed analyzing data from February 2019 to March 2021. The data collected from EPIC included the medical record number, DOB, gender, planned surgical case, and reason for cancellation on the day of surgery. The measured outcome was the visit cancellation rate pre and post-teleconsultation implementation. Two one-sided tests (TOST) were used to validate the equivalence of the two means.
Results: The cancellation rates pre and post-implementation remained low and any difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Using teleconsultation as a substitute for in person evaluation did not impact the rate of same day surgical cancellation. This study suggests that teleconsultation may be a viable alternative to in person evaluation prior to surgery.
Formation Of TiO2/Natural Melanin Nanostructure: Synthesis, Characterization, Optical, Thermal and Magnetic Investigations
Authors: Madkhali nawal , Algessair Saja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, with the progress of research in amending and developing the properties of inorganic materials, researchers have become focused on using inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials such as organic materials from natural sources that have proven effective in improving the properties of materials in various applications. In recent years, melanin has become an attractive topic for researchers due to its distinctive structural properties that have been distinguished in multiple application fields. Investigated the structural, morphology, optical, and thermal properties of TiO2 nanoparticles doped with natural eumelanin extracted from the herbal source. We report the use of ultrasonicationunder UV radiation for synthesis. The influence of natural melanin on the structural, optical and thermal properties of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. It was observed that incorporating natural melanin on TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-Mel) occurred at approximately2.01 eV with a low value of Urbach energy around 100 meV indicating improvement in the crystalline structure. Magnetic measurement at room temperature showed diamagnetic behaviour for all samples. This feature can be used to control the superconducting property of titanium dioxide. Furthermore, thermalresults showed that TiO2-Mel is stable even with temperatures up to 400°C. According to the results obtained by the thermal stability of melanin with titanium dioxide, it can be a good candidate in many applications such as solar cells and optoelectronic that require optical efficiency and thermal stability for long periods.
Memórias da educação profissional e tecnológica em Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro: A escola de aprendizes e artífices em foco
Authors: Rezende da Silva Arthur , Souza Marcelino Valéria 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo problematiza a relação existente entre a infância da classe trabalhadora, no início do século XX, com a dualidade, ainda persistente no século XXI, entre formação geral e a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). Por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) do Decreto Presidencial nº 7.566, de 23 de setembro de 1909, que cria a rede nacional de escolas de EPT e de fotografias da antiga Escola de Aprendizes Artífices de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, o artigo procura responder às seguintes questões norteadoras: Como as infâncias são retratadas na história da EPT, mais precisamente no início do século XX? Esse tratamento dado às infâncias tem relação com a dualidade histórica entre a formação propedêutica, para a elite, e a formação profissional, para os pobres? Constata-se que a EPT alcançou forte viés regenerativo devido às classes dominantes do início do século XX considerarem os desfavorecidos da fortuna ignorantes e passíveis à escola do vício e do crime. Assim, o tratamento dispensado às infâncias no início do século XX revela muito da persistente dualidade entre o saber fazer e o saber pensar que ainda ocorre no século XXI.

Palavras-Chave: Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Escola de Aprendizes Artífices. Infâncias da classe trabalhadora brasileira. Análise Textual Discursiva.
Developing colloidal structure of beer by grain organic compounds
Authors: Gribkova Irina , Eliseev Mikhail , Zakharov Maxim , Kosareva Olga , Zakharova Varvara 
Published: September 2022

The present article introduces the problem of determining the general structure of beer as a complex system of related biomolecules. The objective was to establish the correlation of various quantities of organic compounds in beer formulation.
The research featured samples of filtered pasteurized beer obtained from a retail chain shop in Moscow (Russia). The experiment relied on standard research methods, including instrumental methods of analysis, e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained experimental data underwent a statistical analysis using the Statistica software (StatSoft, 2016).
The research established the correlation between the type of grain (barley or wheat malt) and the content of organic compounds, e.g., β-glucan, polyphenols, soluble nitrogen, etc. The research also revealed some patterns in the distribution of proteins, which served as a framework for the system of organic compounds. The distribution of thiol proteins proved to depend on the dissolution degree of the grain and was different in barley light, barley dark, and wheat malt samples. The fraction distribution of β-glucan depended on the color of the malt. In light beer samples, it concentrated in high- and medium-molecular fractions of nitrogenous substances, in dark beer – in low-molecular fractions (≤ 63%). Initial wort density and alcohol content affected the amount of catechins and total polyphenols. Nitrogenous compounds depended on the color, initial extract, and alcohol content.
The nitrogenous structure and other organic compounds of beer proved to depend on protein substances. The research also revealed a number of factors that affected the fraction distribution of biomolecules in different beer sorts.
Artificial Intelligence and Medical Education
Authors: Hussain Sarwat , Bhatti Danish Ejaz 
Published: September 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer sciences that uses learning algorithms to calculate probability of outcome by using Bayes theorem and other statistical methods for a given certain input (Fig.1). When the chance of an event occurring is calculated over and over again after adding new data or evidence at each step, the probability can reach the level of near certainty for given inputs. Thousands, even millions of data points are incorporated in calculating posterior probability for predictive analytics. The analytics are input neutral as programs predict the future events irrespective of the type of the data. AI has, thus, blurred the boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. The initial learning process is considered training where inputs are given to the program already marked for the expected outcome. This training information can either be highly precise or very vague allowing different degrees of freedom to the program but also increasing the burden of training. Once trained an AI algorithm is able to predict or analyze given input to suggest the required outcome with some certainty. This improves with continued training through feedback.
Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning in Developing Knowledge of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Nasim Attia , Ghani Mansoor , Kausar Samina , Khatoon Kashifa 
Published: September 2022

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative and learner-centered teaching approach that improves nurses' theoretical knowledge, trains them practically, develops their critical and problem-solving skills to be used for overcoming environmental constraints during clinical practice. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PBL in developing knowledge of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study conducted a pretest–posttest experimental design among B.Sc. Nursing students of Saida Waheed FMH College of Nursing Lahore. Lottery method of random sampling was used to recruit the participants for experiment group and control group. A PBL-based treatment for the experimental group and a series of lectures was traditionally delivered to the control group on the topic of Diabetes Mellitus. Data was collected using MCQs-based questionnaire during pre-test-post-test processes. Results: This study identified the problem-based learning as more effective teaching method than lecture method after observing a significant difference between the scores of post-tests of lecture method (LM) and problem-based learning. The participants of the experimental group significantly gained more knowledge scores than the members of LM. Conclusion: The intervention of PBL method has significantly improved more knowledge of the participants of experimental group than the members of LBL. It reflects that PBL is a more important and effective teaching method in developing knowledge of nursing students than lecture method.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Association with Diabetes
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Khawar , Khan Asadullah , Chachar Aijaz Zeeshan Khan , Khanum Afshan , Khan Hajra 
Published: September 2022

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to a number of non skeletal major chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease.Objectives: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction. Methods: During the study period, 150 patients fulfilling the selection criteria of ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction were included in this study. A blood sample for 25-hydroxyl vitamin D level was drawn for each patient. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as less than or equal to 20g/dl. Vitamin D deficiency was stratified with demographics such as age, gender, and Comorbids such as smoking and Diabetes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.6±6.7 years. There were 80 (53.3%) male and 70 (46.7%) female patients. There were 52 (34.7%) smokers and 55 (36.7%) patients had diabetes mellitus as Comorbids. The mean serum vitamin D level was 23.46±0.82 ng/ml. Sixty-four patients (49.3%) had vitamin D deficiency with levels below 20ngml, while another 46(30.6%) had insufficient Vitamin D levels in ranges of 21-30ng/ml. There was no association of age, gender, smoking or Diabetes history with vitamin D deficiency (p value >90.05 for all these variables). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is present in over half of patients with ST elevated Myocardial infarction. Only 20% of patients with acute myocardial infarction had normal vitamin D values, with remaining having insufficient levels. The deficiency was not associated with gender, age, or comorbidity such as smoking or Diabetes.
A model for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite under various density conditions
Authors: Kijima Tatsuya , Sasagawa Tsuyoshi , Sawaguchi Takuma , Yamada Norikazu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bentonite is an important material for low-permeability engineering systems used in dams and hazardous waste facilities. While models to characterize the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite have been developed in previous studies, these models were not applicable to various density conditions for Na- and Ca-bentonite. In this study, we present a new model for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite applicable to a wide range of density conditions for Na- and Ca-bentonite. In order to consider flow paths in compacted bentonite, a lamination structure of montmorillonite stacks was assumed. Our hydraulic model discriminated interlayer pores and other pores by applying a method for estimating the probability of connected pores and hydraulic coefficients governed by the plane Poiseuille flow equation. The model was consistent with the experimental data investigated in previous studies on the hydraulic conductivity of Na-bentonite and was in good agreement with the data of Ca-bentonite in the range of an effective montmorillonite density (ρem) at 500 kg/m3 ≤ ρem ≤ 1,500 kg/m3 and 600 kg/m3 ≤ ρem, respectively. However, some experimental values on Ca-bentonite under low-density conditions were far higher than the model results in the case where Ca-bentonite forms flow paths of relatively large pores.
Scaling trend of coal chemical saline wastewater in falling film evaporator: experimental solid–liquid equilibrium and numerical simulation
Authors: Li Huashan , Liu Youle , Liu Bing , Jiang Qing , Zhang You , Gao Yu , Xue Jianliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It was important to establish the scaling mechanism to slow down scaling, which is one of the important problems faced by saline wastewater treatment with falling film evaporators. In this paper, the phase equilibrium data of ternary system NaCl-CaCl2-H2O at 303.15–373.15 K were measured, and the prediction of the flow characteristics and scaling tendency of salt-containing wastewater in the evaporation tube was investigated by numerical simulation based on the phase equilibrium results. The results showed that the mesostable phase diagram of the ternary system was of simple type, and w(NaCl) and w(CaCl2) showed regular variation with temperature when w(NaCl) in the system was 15–28%. Moreover, the components of the four saline wastewaters (10% NaCl + 9, 10, 11, 12% CaCl2) with less salt content had a faster heating and a faster rate of evaporation of the liquid film in the evaporation tube. Based on the solubility in the experiments and simulations, it was concluded that NaCl crystals were precipitated at tube lengths of 718 mm, 942 mm, 966 mm, and 1,000 mm for four salt concentrations in the evaporation process by comparison, and the reliability of the predicted loci was also demonstrated by a falling film evaporation experimental setup.
An optimisation approach for the operating rule curves of the A Vuong reservoir, Vietnam
Authors: To Thuy Nga , Vu Huy Cong , Le Hung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes to optimise the operation of the A Vuong reservoir using the dynamic programming technique. The A Vuong is a large reservoir in Vietnam serving multiple purposes, including power generation, flood control, and downstream water supply. First, different flood control storage capacities (Vpl) are investigated, and the best one is chosen based on the criteria of power output and the reservoir's ability to fill up after each regulation cycle. That option is for Vpl to be 50, 30, and 10% of the active storage capacity in September, October, and November, respectively. The study also proposes new operating rule curves with various scenarios of different beginning water levels, ranging from 368 m to 380 m. The average lines of the operating rule curves are also suggested for easier and more efficient operation. Recommendations for using this operating rule curve, as well as its advantages compared to the current one, are also discussed. The results show that the proposed operating rule curves provide much better performance compared with the current in terms of increasing the power output, with a 3.1% increase, while also protecting other water uses.
Novel Proline Derivatives for Treating COVID-19
Authors: De Surya K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
COVID-19 is a contagious disease. Paxlovid, a combination of Nirmatrelvir
and Ritonavir, was granted emergency use authorization by the United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19 on December 22, 2021. These
are peptidomimetic coronavirus main protease inhibitors. Nirmatrelvir is a proline derivative.
The present patent describes similar proline- like compounds, their preparation, use,
pharmaceutical composition, and treatment.