bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Peach Aphid Control in the Greenhouse, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling aphids on ornamental plants. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off on chrysanthemum and polka-dot plants grown in Metro Mix 300 in 115 mm sq pots maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Treatment plots were single plants replicated 4 (chrysanthemums) and 6 (polka-dot) times. Treatments were ap-plied Feb 2’79 at a temperature of 25 C on polka-dot plants and Feb 16’79 at 27 C on chrysanthemums with a hand C02 sprayer at 30 psi utilizing a 8003 nozzle. Efficacy was evaluated by counting the aphids on the lower surface of 1 leaf/chrysanthemum plant or 2 leaves/polka-dot plant. Chrysanthemum plants were sprayed with benomyl for powdery mildew control on Feb 27.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Lannate-L, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Parrella M. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Egg masses of females of P. flavedana from the overwintering and first generation were treated with Lannate L to assess ovicidal activity. Lannate L (dilute rate of 0.95 liter/378.5 liter = 2 pt/100 gal) was applied as a 6X concentrate (467.69 liter/ha) with a Swanson truck-mounted airblast sprayer operating at 7.04 kg/cm . On Jun 14 egg masses of the overwintering generation (Experiment 1) were collected from Red Delicious trees with their associated leaf clusters and taped to other Red Delicious trees in an optimum position for spray coverage (outer periphery of tree facing spray). Following spraying and 15 minutes' drying, clusters were returned to an open-air insectary. They were maintained in ventilated, 50-dram, clear plastic cages until egg hatch. Similar water-treated controls were established. On Jul 27 egg masses of the first generation females (Experiment 2) were located on Red Delicious trees in the same orchard as Experiment 1, tagged for identification, and sprayed in their natural positions on the tree. Only one side of the tree was sprayed. The egg masses were left on the tree to hatch. Water controls were treated in a similar manner. There were 15 replicates of the Lannate L treatment in Experiments 1 and 2 and there were 17 and 12 replicates of the water control for Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Data were collected as percent hatch. The effects of Lannate L on the eggs of two important orchard insect and mite predators, O^ insidlosus and L. mali were assessed (Experiment3). L. mali females were allowed to oviposit on mite-infested apple leaves in the laboratory. Leaves (with the eggs in situ along the leaf midvein) were dipped in the appropriate concentration of Lannate L or a water control. The leaves were maintained with their petioles in water for 5 da, after which the eggs were transferred to moist filter paper in a petri dish held at 23.9 ± 1°C. Eclosion was recorded for 10 da.O. insidiosus oviposits eggs in the leaf midvein with only the operculum exposed. preliminary studies showed high mortality of controls due to shrinkage of the leaf midvein.To circumvent this O. insidiosus was allowed to oviposit in green bean pods which did not shrink. The pods were then dipped and hatch was recorded over a 14-do period. Data for J., moli and (X jnsidiosus were recorded as percent hatch.
Euonymus, Euonymus Scale, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A row of 45 Euonymus japonica plants, ca. 3 ft. high uniformly infested with scale, were selected for treatment. Insecticides were applied on May 7 using a 1-gallon B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. On May 29, survival was deter-mined by collecting 6 15-cm twigs from each insecticide treatment and counting the settled female crawlers.
Foliage Plants, T. Urticae Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides and miticides were applied at different rates as foliar sprays or granules on 4 species of greenhouse-grown foliage plants at the OARDC. All materials were applied at 1/2X, IX, and 4X for efficacy and phytotoxicity evaluations. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Data are means of 4 replications, with mites recorded from 1, 2, or 5 leaves / rep, depending on plant species.
Phytotoxicity Test, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Boggs J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfatox and 4 formulations of carbaryl were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 15 species and cultivars of woody ornamentals nursery crops growing in containers in a northeastern Ohio nursery. Insecticides were applied July 18, under sunny skies at ca 24°C and no wind. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates using a CO2 compression sprayer with an 8004 TeeJet nozzle at 40 psi, and spraying to runoff. Plants were examined 1,3,7,14 and 28 days after treatment for phyfotoxic effects.
Apple, Leafroller and Codling Moth Control Programs, 1979
Authors: Hoying S. A . , Riedle Helmut , Pickel C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of leofrollers and codling moth near Watsonville, California, on 6-yr-old Newtown Pippin trees. Plots with 20 trees (4 × 5) were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. At least 2 unsprayed buffer rows surrounded each plot. Sprays were applied until run-off with a hydraulic handgun sprayer operating at 300 psi. All sprays were applied 4 times during the season: Apr 21, May 22, Jun 29, and Aug 1. Evaluations made at midseason (Jun 29) and harvest (Sep 18) consisted of 300 fruit/treatment. Leaf samples (180/treatment) were taken at ca. monthly intervals to monitor mite activity.
Control of Adult Root Weevil Damage on Rhododendron Leaves in Washington, 1977-78
Authors: Lee Campbell R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rhododendrons in a heavily infested landscape situation were selected for this trial on the basis of substantial previous-year damage. There were four single-plant replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Treatment dates were June 14, July 7, Aug 11, and Sept 16'77. Sprays were applied to runoff with a hand-pumped compressed air sprayer and granules were applied by shaker onto a 9 sq ft area around the plant.
European Crane Fly Control in Washington, 1979
Authors: Lee Campbell R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Data on various turf insecticide formulations was obtained from trials on golf courses at Useless Bay and at Snohomish. Larval populations were rather low at Useless Bay and the treatment date for Snohomish was about one month past optimum. Treatments were the same in both trials, including the same experimental design - completely randomized with four replications of each treatment. Liquid for-mulations were applied at the rate of 30 gal per 1000 sq ft, except for the last one listed, which was applied at 15 gal per 1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were watered-in with 30 gal per 1000 sq ft. Sampling was done by counting the number of living crane fly larvae in five 0.09 sq ft soil cores per plot. Treat-ment dates were Apr 23'79 at Useless Bay and May 17'79 at Snohomish. Sample dates were Jun 4'79 and Jun 6'79.
Bermudagrass, Evaluation of Trichlorfon and Parathion for Leafhoppers, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Lynch R. E. , Monson W. G. , Garner J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One hundred × 100 ft plots were arranged as 5 replications in a randomized complete block design in a large coastal bermudagrass hay pasture near Tifton, GA. The following treatments were applied (Sep 7 and 14'78) with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer as 23 gallons of liquid/acre (at 30 psi through 8004 flat spray tips): (1.) Dylox (80% SP) - 1.00 lb ai/acre, (2.) Parathion (E-4) - 0.50 Ib'ai/acre, and (3.) untreated control. Insects were sampled by taking 25 sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia.) net across each plot, placing them in plastic bags, and counting in the laboratory. Yields were estimated by clipping 262 sq ft of grass in 2 diagonal strips (1.75 × 75 ft across each plot) with a Sensation mower. Sub-samples (ca. 200-300 g) were taken and dryed for 48 hr to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of invitro dry matter-digestibility. Also, areas 2 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determinations.
Mole Cricket Control, Gainesville, Florida, 1978
Authors: Short D. E. , Koehler P. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on 3 golf courses in the Gainesville area during 1978 to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide sprays, granules, and baits for control of mole crickets. The sites selected were severely damaged bermudagrass fairways. In each of the 3 experiments, 85 plots, measuring 10 × 10 ft separated by 3 ft borders, were treated. Each experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with 17 treatments replicated 5 times. The same pesticide formulations and rates were used in the three experiments. Insecticides were applied Aug 22 on one golf course and two golf courses were treated Aug 23. Baits and granules were applied by hand and sprays were applied with a 2 gal watering can. Plots treated with sprays or granules were irrigated with ca. 0.5 inch of water immediately following application. Plots treated with baits were irrigated with 0.5 inch water prior to treatment. For the first three days following application, dead or moribund mole crickets found on the soil surface were counted and removed from each plot. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance and means of separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Apple, Pyrethroid Test, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various pyrethroid insecticide schedules were evaluated for insect control and their influence on the mite predator, Strethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 2-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Golden Delicious and a Red Delicious tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2.3 mph. Spray dates for the treatments were: May 30, Jun 8, 20, 28, July 9, 19, 30, Aug 10, 20, and 31. Spray dates for the Pydrin treatments at 0.025 and 0.05 lb ai/acre/half-spray were: May 30, Jun 13, 28, Jul 12, 26, Aug 10, and 25. Fungicides applied duri ng the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, captan, and zineb. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. The effect of sprays on the fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after July 16 and 2 pick samples on Aug 23 and Sep 13. Apple samples averaged 222 fruits/replicate and 666/treafment. Pest pressure was light throughout the season.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland With Carbaryl, 1979
Authors: Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sevin-4-oil and UCSF-1 formulations of carbaryl were applied at 4 and 8 oz Al/acre to 4 square 10-acre plots near Melville, Montana on July 19'79. All dosages were diluted with water (2% Triron-X 190 was used to emulsify the Sevin-4-oil) and applied in 1 qr of fluid/acre with a Cessna Ag-wagon aircraft at 38 PSI pressure through Spraying Systems D-6 nozzles and no. 45 course spinners. Flight speed was 125 mph, flight height was 100 ft, and swath width was 95 ft. All nozzles were directed 45� down and back. Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1 -sq ft quadrats in each experimental plot and also in 4 untreated areas outside of but contiguous to the treated areas. Counts were taken before treatment and at 5, 9, and 12 days posttreatment. The above species comprised 85% of the infestation and were predominantly 5th instars at the time of treatment. Precount densities averaged 4.4/sq yd, which was not an economical infestation but which was sufficient for experimental purposes. All post treatment densities were expressed as percentage control based on the percounts in the same plot, were transformed to arcsin X, and were analysed as a split plot in time, with treatments considered as main plots and the 3 sampling dates as subplots. After analysis and determination of significant differences, means were retransformed back to percentages (see table).
Range, Stink Bug Breeding on Russian Thistle and Control, 1978
Authors: Stern V. M. , Leigh T. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on range land on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, CA. The materials were applied by rotary-wing aircraft (helicopter) at 10 g/ac of finished spray to non-replicated plots 150 ft wide and 500 ft long. Wind was estimated at less than 3-5 MPH during application. Plots could not be replicated because beef cattle were feeding on the large cattle ranch surrounding the small treatment area which was fenced off. The reason for the expedience of the test is that the foothills on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley have a normal rainfall of ca. 6-7 in/yr. In 1978 rainfall was 20-22 inch which fostered an unprecedented growth and abundance of Russian thistle. Tremendous numbers of Say stink bug were breeding on thousands of acres of this thistle. We expected the bugs would migrate into the irrigated crop land of the Valley when the thistle began to dry up and cause damage to cotton and alfalfa seed. Since the Say stick bug only builds to high numbers infrequently no information is available on their control with the more recently developed insecticides. Treatments were applied on July 18’78. Ten single plant samples were taken in the middle of each treatment. This was done by carefully slipping a standard sweep net (15 in. dia hoop) under a Rissian thistle plant and holding the net In place while beating the thistle with a baseball bat at 6 swats per sample. All thistle plants sampled were ca. 3 ft tall. Adult stink bugs predominated although there were some 3-5th Instar nymphs.
Mite Control of Fraser Fir With Aldicarb, South Windsor, Connecticut, 1977-78
Authors: Ahrens J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spider mite populations build up in the spring and fall causing serious damage to plantations of Fraser fir and greatly reducing their value as Christmas trees. Granular aldicarb (Temik 10G) was applied on Apr 19'77 in single auger holes 4 in deep at the drip line of Fraser fir 3 to 6 ft tall, spaced at 5 ft × 6 ft. The soil type was a Narragansett silt loam. The holes were closed with a kick of the heel. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 20 trees per plot and four replicates. Un-treated border rows separated the plots. On June 29’77 samples of 50 twigs of current season's growth were taken from each plot and preserved in 70% ethanol for later counting of spider mites. Some plots were retreated with aldicarb on Apr 12×78 on trees 4 to 7 ft tall. On Sept 6×78 we evaluated the percentage infestation of each tree.
Insectici Des for Control of Cat Flea Larvae, 1979
Authors: Silverman Jules , Reierso Donald A. , Rust Michael K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Late 2nd-early 3rd instar cat flea larvae were exposed to a series of insecticides on Whatman No. 42 filter paper. The larvae were obtained from laboratory colonies maintained by standard rearing procedures with caged house cats. Series of dilutions of aqueous preparations of insecticides were applied with a pipette so that ca 74.6 mg Al/ft2 was deposited when a 1% solution was used. Ficam is currently registered for flea control indoors and is recommended at ca II .8 mg Al/ft2 of carpet. Treated paper was allowed to dry for 24 hrs. Discs of paper, placed treated surface up at the bottom of glass 0.79-in diam stendor dishes, were held flat in the dishes with a narrow bead of paraffin. Ten larvae (n=3) were exposed to each uncovered deposit for 6 hrs. Exposed larvae were subsequently placed in plastic vials containing a small amount of san to allow pupation. Percent pupation was used as an index of insecticidal activity in order to consider the effects of delayed larval toxicity. Insecticide deposits aged for I and 21 da were tested. Each treated disc was tested only once. Deposits were aged in a wooden closet in a room held at ca 22° C. Constant environmental conditions (27° C, 75% RH) were maintained during rearing and insecticide testing.
Guinea Pig-Amblyomma Americanum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Hunt L. M. , Gilbert B. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The procedure is as follows: Hair on guinea pigs is clipped around the midsection. Then 2 capsule cages each containing 12 starved nymphal lone star ticks are attached with contact cement and tape to each animal. Those guinea pigs receiving the candidate compound are treated 24 h later. An untreated pig serves as the control and provides data for Abbott’s formula. Doses of the active ingredient depend on guinea pig weight, compound structure, LD50, and other considerations though the maximum is 30 mg/kg. This amount Is formulated in diethyl succinate and administered subcutaneously on 3 alternate days, a volume of^500 ul/injection. About 4-6 days after the 1st treatment, dead ticks in the cages are detached and counted, and/or replete ticks were removed from the capsules and held to observe mortality and nymphal molt. Effectiveness is determined by the percentage of ticks that fail to ecdyse (including dead nymphs that detach without engorging).
House Fly Control in Permethrin-Treated Poultry Houses, 1978
Authors: Palmer W. A. , Zorka T. J. , Bay D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
House fly populations in treated and untreated caged-layer poultry houses were monitored to assay residual control by permethrin treatment. A vacated, cleaned house, measuring ca. 100 × 25 m, was sprayed to the point of run-off with a 0.1% Al permethrin (37% EC) spray. Treated surface areas consisted primarily of unfinished wood. A second identical untreated house served as a con-trol. Both houses were restocked following treatment. Weekly estimates of house fly relative population levels in the 2 houses were determined by hanging 4 sticky-trap tapes for 24-h intervals approximately 20 m apart along a center beam above the cages.
Sugarcane Rootstalk Borer Weevil, Diaprepes Abbreviatus (L.); Insect Growth Regulators, 1977
Authors: Beavers J. B. , Schroeder W. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight compounds having insect growth regulator activity were tested at rates of 100 and 1,000 ppm to determine their effect on eggs of adult weevils caged on sprayed 0.5 m-tall citrus seedlings in 15.3-cm-diameter pots. Treatments were applied by dissolving the compounds in 5 ml acetone, bringing the solution to 100-ml volume with water plus 5 drops of Tween 20, and evenly atomizing the emulsion onto the seedlings. After 2 hr, 5 � and 2 d/tree were placed on the seedlings in sleeve cages (6 trees/treatment per chemical). A diflubenzuron standard plus an untreated control were included in the test. Egg masses were collected weekly for 2 wk, and held 10 days at 25-26 C in the laboratory. Then counts of hatched and unhatched eggs were made.
Apple, Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Roc George C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of five single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design using Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Stayman cultivars. Treatments were applied with handgun at 2-wk intervals after May 1 spray for Penncap-M and parathion and at 2-wk intervals after May 1 spray for Guthion treatment. Aphids were counted on 4 occasions for a total of 15 min/count using all 5 trees/treatment. Because of a light crop, all fruit on each tree replicate was inspected at harvest (Aug. 26).
Apple, Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Rock George C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of four single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design using Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Stayman cultivars. Treatments were applied with handgun at 3-wk intervals after Apr 25 for Penncap M and parathion and at 2-wk intervals for Guthion treatment. Aphids were counted on 4 occasions for a total of 15 min/count using all 4 trees/treatment. Insect damage at harvest (Aug 23) was determined from 400 fruit (100 fruit/tree replicate).
Apple, Mite Control with Experimental Materials, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1979
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for their miticidal properties in a seasonal control program conducted at the Hudson Valley Laboratory orchards. In addition an experimental mificide, UC 55248, was applied at tight cluster (Apr 23) and again on Jul 12 and evaluated along with other treatments. With the exception of UC 55248, all treatments were applied at petal fall (May 15) and in six cover sprays May 29, Jun 14, 28, Jul 12, 26, and Aug 13. Treatments were applied dilute to run-off using 4 . 2 gal spray/tree or 403 gal/acre. Each treatment was applied to eight-tree plots of 5 to 7 different apple cultivars on the EM2 rootstock replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Trees were ca. 12 ft high and spaced 15 × 30 ft. Additional sprays applied for disease control over the entire block included: Difolatan 4F 5 gal/acre Apr 19 and Cyprex 65W 2lb/acre Jun 1 . Pest mite population pressure was very great with over 61 ERM and 300 ARM/leaf in the check by Jul 5 . Above normal temperatures and below normal rainfall during the month of Jul contributed to the high mite populations. Because of the high mite populations present, Plicfran 50W 4 oz formulation/100 gal was combined with the Ambush, Lorsban, Penncap, Guthion, Pirimor, Diazinon, and Pounce treatments and applied on the Jul 12 cover spray. Mites were evaluated Jun 8, Jul 5, 20, and Aug 20 by collecting 25 Red Delicious leaves/tree from each replicate. The leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine and all mite stages counted under a binocular scope.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, Summer Treatments, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single-tree plots were located in a 2-acre block of 7-yr-old d'Anjou pear trees. Eacti treatment was replicated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. Adult psylla were sampled by beating 3 branches of each tree over an 18 × 18 inch square cloth tray. Psylla eggsandnymphswere counted by examining 10 terminal shoot leaves from each tree with a microscope. Treatments were applied to run-off with a handgun. The initial application of all treatments was made on Jun 1. A pretreatmenf count of pear psylla had been made on May 30. The second application of treatments was made on Jul 4, however, the first 2 Pydrin treatments were not reapplied at that time. Since unsprayed trees alternated between sprayed plots in the rows, there was a great tendency for pear psylla adults to reinfest the plots trees.