bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performing Rebellion: Karaoke as a Lens into Political Violence
Authors: Brenner David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In explaining political violence, Conflict and Security Studies commonly focuses on the rational decision-making of elites. In contrast, this article considers the everyday aspirations of rebel grassroots. Understanding their lifeworlds is important, as their interaction with rebel elites shapes the collective trajectories of revolutionary movements and, thus, wider dynamics of war and peace. This article analyzes the social practice of revolutionary karaoke music in Myanmar's Kachin rebellion as a window into these hidden social dynamics of political violence. It does so by merging a relational reading of rebel figurations with a visual ethnographic methodology that moves beyond the textual study of propaganda lyrics. Instead, it analyzes the audio-visual aesthetics and social practices of revolutionary karaoke. This critical mode of inquiry reveals the emotional dimension of rebellion, that is, its appeal to affect rather than reason. It also suggests that revolutionary cultural artifacts can be more than just instrumental propaganda vehicles for instilling elite ideologies into un-agential masses. Indeed, the article shows that many young Kachin are not just passive consumers of propaganda. In karaoke bars and music studios, they actively perform rebellion. In so doing, they coproduce their own rebel subjectivities and rebel political culture at large.
“A splendid norm”: Human Plants and the Eugenic Secular, 1906–1926
Authors: McCrary Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes eugenics and the secular in early twentieth-century California through the career of Luther Burbank. Burbank was a famous plant breeder who cultivated a theory of human progress based on his breeding work. For him, humans were part of an always-evolving and immanently spiritual natural world. And it was the task of civilized people to perfect that world, making it more beautiful and more productive. This project rested on an enchanted secularization narrative in which the wondrous natural world is made better through human direction. Late in his life, in the 1920s, Burbank turned his attention to fundamentalists and their “primitive” and “superstitious” beliefs about evolution. With attention to the aesthetics of the secular, this article analyzes secularism as a biopolitical project that racializes religion and its others. In Burbank’s case, this project is the result of a liberal romanticism that sought to unite spirituality and science.
Comparing ascertainment of chronic condition status with problem lists versus encounter diagnoses from electronic health records
Authors: Voss Robert W , Schmidt Teresa D , Weiskopf Nicole , Marino Miguel , Dorr David A , Huguet Nathalie , Warren Nate , Valenzuela Steele , O’Malley Jean , Quiñones Ana R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare electronic health record (EHR) documentation of chronic disease in problem lists and encounter diagnosis records among Community Health Center (CHC) patients.Materials and methodsWe assessed patient EHR data in a large clinical research network during 2012–2019. We included CHCs who provided outpatient, older adult primary care to patients age ≥45 years, with ≥2 office visits during the study. Our study sample included 1 180 290 patients from 545 CHCs across 22 states. We used diagnosis codes from 39 Chronic Condition Warehouse algorithms to identify chronic conditions from encounter diagnoses only and compared against problem list records. We measured correspondence including agreement, kappa, prevalence index, bias index, and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa.ResultsOverlap of encounter diagnosis and problem list ascertainment was 59.4% among chronic conditions identified, with 12.2% of conditions identified only in encounters and 28.4% identified only in problem lists. Rates of coidentification varied by condition from 7.1% to 84.4%. Greatest agreement was found in diabetes (84.4%), HIV (78.1%), and hypertension (74.7%). Sixteen conditions had &lt;50% agreement, including cancers and substance use disorders. Overlap for mental health conditions ranged from 47.4% for anxiety to 59.8% for depression.DiscussionAgreement between the 2 sources varied substantially. Conditions requiring regular management in primary care settings may have a higher agreement than those diagnosed and treated in specialty care.ConclusionRelying on EHR encounter data to identify chronic conditions without reference to patient problem lists may under-capture conditions among CHC patients in the United States.
Symmetrically partitioned isotropic model for quantitative equivalent simulation of circumferential anisotropy
Authors: Song Yunhong , Chen Hao , Li Chao , Li Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Simulation wells with known parameters are vital in the study of anisotropic methods and logging equipment development. We propose a symmetrically partitioned isotropic (SPI) model, which can quantitatively control the parameters of equivalent circumferential anisotropy. First, the circumferential anisotropy of the flexural wave dispersion in the SPI model is analysed using a perturbation method, and the azimuth characteristics of the flexural wave and the wave velocity in the model are evaluated using a numerical simulation algorithm. Next, the circumferential anisotropy characteristics of the model are verified. Finally, the linear relationship between the fast and slow shear-wave velocities of the model and the model parameters is obtained through multiple linear regression analyses, and then, the equivalent circumferential anisotropy is predicted. The feasibility of the quantitative equivalent simulation of circumferential anisotropy media using the SPI model is verified.
Zero-offset data estimation using CNN for applying 1D full waveform inversion
Authors: Lee Dawoon , Shin Sungryul , Son Woohyun , Chung Wookeen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) in the time domain has limitations due to large computing time and memory requirements. Some studies have addressed this problem by using machine learning techniques. Most FWI studies using machine learning directly estimate the subsurface velocity structure by training the seismic data generated through various synthetic models to obtain the subsurface velocity structure. In this study, we propose a method to convert the common midpoint (CMP) gather to zero-offset data at a CMP location using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to increase the computing efficiency for the FWI. As the training data, we use synthetic data generated by the seismic exploration geometry and the source signature of field data. Since the proposed method performs FWI using the converted zero-offset data, it can be performed more efficiently than FWI using the existing multichannel data. However, it is difficult to apply a seismic exploration geometry and a source signature that has not been used for training. To verify the proposed method, it is applied to a synthetic model not used for learning as well as focused field data. It is confirmed that a proper subsurface velocity structure was obtained.
Intrinsic entropy model for feature selection of scRNA-seq data
Authors: Li Lin , Tang Hui , Xia Rui , Dai Hao , Liu Rui , Chen Luonan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent advances of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have led to extensive study of cellular heterogeneity and cell-to-cell variation. However, the high frequency of dropout events and noise in scRNA-seq data confounds the accuracy of the downstream analysis, i.e. clustering analysis, whose accuracy depends heavily on the selected feature genes. Here, by deriving an entropy decomposition formula, we propose a feature selection method, i.e. an intrinsic entropy (IE) model, to identify the informative genes for accurately clustering analysis. Specifically, by eliminating the ‘noisy’ fluctuation or extrinsic entropy (EE), we extract the IE of each gene from the total entropy (TE), i.e. TE = IE + EE. We show that the IE of each gene actually reflects the regulatory fluctuation of this gene in a cellular process, and thus high-IE genes provide rich information on cell type or state analysis. To validate the performance of the high-IE genes, we conduct computational analysis on both simulated datasets and real single-cell datasets by comparing with other representative methods. The results show that our IE model is not only broadly applicable and robust for different clustering and classification methods, but also sensitive for novel cell types. Our results also demonstrate that the intrinsic entropy/fluctuation of a gene serves as information rather than noise in contrast to its total entropy/fluctuation.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Genomic Profiling of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hein David M , Deng Weiye , Bleile MaryLena , Kazmi Syed Ali , Rhead Brooke , De La Vega Francisco M , Jones Amy L , Kainthla Radhika , Jiang Wen , Cantarel Brandi , Sanford Nina N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The incidence and mortality of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is rising; outcomes appear to differ by race and ethnicity. We aimed to assess differences in mutational landscape and gene expression of EOCRC by racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, White Hispanic) using data from the American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE (10.2) and University of Texas Southwestern, the latter enriched in Hispanic patients. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Of 1752 EOCRC patients, non-Hispanic Black patients had higher rates of KRAS mutations (60.9%; P = .001, q = 0.015), and non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black patients had higher rates of APC mutations (77.1% and 76.6% among non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black patients, respectively; P = .001, q = 0.015) via the Fisher exact test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Using R packages DESeq2 and clusterProfiler, we found that White Hispanic patients had increased expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (P &lt; .001, q = 0.025). Genomic profiling has the potential to identify novel diagnostics and influence individualized treatment options to address the currently limited prognosis of EOCRC.
The Oncology Care Model and Adherence to Oral Cancer Drugs: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Keating Nancy L , Brooks Gabriel A , Landrum Mary Beth , Liu Pang-Hsiang , Wolf Robert , Riedel Lauren E , Kapadia Nirav S , Jhatakia Shalini , Tripp Amanda , Simon Carol , Hsu Van Doren , Kummet Colleen M , Hassol Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Adherence to oral cancer drugs is suboptimal. The Oncology Care Model (OCM) offers oncology practices financial incentives to improve the value of cancer care. We assessed the impact of OCM on adherence to oral cancer therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), prostate cancer, and breast cancer.

Methods
Using 2014-2019 Medicare data, we studied chemotherapy episodes for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries prescribed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for CML, antiandrogens (ie, enzalutamide, abiraterone) for prostate cancer, or hormonal therapies for breast cancer in OCM-participating and propensity-matched comparison practices. We measured adherence as the proportion of days covered and used difference-in-difference (DID) models to detect changes in adherence over time, adjusting for patient, practice, and market-level characteristics.

Results
There was no overall impact of OCM on improved adherence to TKIs for CML (DID = −0.3%, 90% confidence interval [CI] = −1.2% to 0.6%), antiandrogens for prostate cancer (DID = 0.4%, 90% CI = −0.3% to 1.2%), or hormonal therapy for breast cancer (DID = 0.0%, 90% CI = −0.2% to 0.2%). Among episodes for Black beneficiaries in OCM practices, for whom adherence was lower than for White beneficiaries at baseline, we observed small improvements in adherence to high cost TKIs (DID = 3.0%, 90% CI = 0.2% to 5.8%) and antiandrogens (DID = 2.2%, 90% CI = 0.2% to 4.3%).

Conclusions
OCM did not impact adherence to oral cancer therapies for Medicare beneficiaries with CML, prostate cancer, or breast cancer overall but modestly improved adherence to high-cost TKIs and antiandrogens for Black beneficiaries, who had somewhat lower adherence than White beneficiaries at baseline. Patient navigation and financial counseling are potential mechanisms for improvement among Black beneficiaries.
Rare Case of Accelerated-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosed During Treatment for JAK2 V617F–Positive Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ryu Jeayeon , Chu Daehyun , Park Bosung , Kim Miyoung , Cho Young-Uk , Hwang Sang-Hyun , Jang Seongsoo , Seo Eul-Ju , Lee Jung-Hee , Park Chan-Jeoung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the expansion of myeloid lineage cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene that causes constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are frequently associated with driver mutations in genes such as JAK2, CALR, and MPL and are mutually exclusive of BCR-ABL1. Herein, we report the first case study of a patient diagnosed with accelerated-phase CML while undergoing treatment for initial JAK2 V617F–positive, BCR-ABL1-negative PMF. This finding emphasizes the importance of BCR-ABL1 testing in patients with an atypical BCR-ABL1-negative MPN disease course.
Pneumonia in a Patient With a Kidney Transplant
Authors: Tan Nicholas Y. , Abu Saleh Omar M. , Beam Elena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rhodococcu equi is a zoonotic organism that is a common pathogen in immunocompromised populations, including transplant recipients and those with HIV. Among transplant recipients, R equi infection is associated with renal transplantation, corticosteroid use, diabetes mellitus, recent opportunistic infection, and male sex. Constitutional symptoms, including fever, weight loss, and fatigue, may accompany respiratory findings and may thereby lead to a misdiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. No specific guidelines have been published to date for treating R equi infections. Generally, a 2- to 3-drug combination of antibiotics with intracellular activity is recommended, with selections guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Retinal Lesions and Eye Pain
Authors: Vijayvargiya Prakhar , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ocular syphilis is uncommon, but syphilis accounts for 1% to 5% of all uveitis cases at tertiary referral centers in the United States. Syphilis can involve any ocular structure and is not limited to the uvea. An ophthalmologic examination can show conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, or interstitial scleritis. Establishing the diagnosis of syphilitic uveitis requires serologic tests, in addition to ophthalmologic evaluation. Many experts suggest treating ocular syphilis as neurosyphilis because the eyes are contiguous with the brain. Treatment with intravenous penicillin G for 10 to 14 days is considered first-line therapy.
A Lengthy Leg Problem
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R. , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nonpurulent lower-extremity cellulitis is a common clinical diagnosis. Potential mechanisms of pathogenesis include easier propagation of bacterial infection through damaged lymph systems, dermal or subcutaneous fluid accumulation reducing local immunity, and further damage after infection. Patients who have had 3 or more episodes of cellulitis per year are ideal candidates for pharmacologic prophylaxis. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing recurrent episodes of lower-extremity cellulitis. The recommended regimen is oral penicillin V.
A Filamentous Monster
Authors: Rafei Abdelghani El , DeSimone Daniel C. , Sugrue Alan M. , Thompson Rodney L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nocardia is a gram positive, weakly acid-fast, branching, aerobic bacilli. It most commonly affects the lungs because inhalation is the main route of infection. Symptoms are nonspecific and may include fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and pleuritic chest pain. Imaging findings include reticulonodular infiltrates, pleural effusion, and multiple or single nodules. Although Nocardia can spread to almost any organ, extrapulmonary disease most commonly involves the central nervous system. Patients usually present with headache, nausea, seizures, or altered mental status. Empiric antibiotic therapy includes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with parenteral amikacin or imipenem for severe or life-threatening infections.
Constitutional Symptoms in a Patient After Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Kang Joana , DeSimone Daniel C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vascular graft infection (VGI) is an infrequent complication of aortic repair, with an estimated incidence rate of approximately 1.4%. However, mortality rates range from 25% to 75%, and clinician awareness of the syndrome and quick, reliable diagnostic methods are critical for improving clinical outcomes. Diagnosis is made by considering a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory studies, microbial cultures, and imaging studies. Although a broad array of pathogens can cause VGI, the most common ones are gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococcal and streptococcal species
More Than One Problem
Authors: Challener Douglas W. , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common. Chronically coinfected persons have higher rates of cirrhosis, hepatic insufficiency, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared with HIV-negative individuals. Because of the high prevalence of HIV-HCV coinfection, all patients with HIV diagnoses should be screened for HCV infection. The primary therapeutic goal in patients with HIV-HCV coinfection is to eradicate the HCV and limit progression of liver disease and complications.
Fifty-Year-Old Man With Diabetes Mellitus and Sinusitis
Authors: Challener Douglas W. , Marcelin Jasmine R. , Whitaker Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mucormycosis is relatively rare, with about 500 cases occurring in the United States each year. Angioinvasion often results in vessel thrombosis and tissue necrosis. The typical patient with mucormycosis has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and often is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The most common clinical syndrome, especially for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, is a rhinocerebral infection, which presents as facial and eye pain and facial numbness. Diagnosis relies on histopathologic identification of the characteristic angioinvasion and fungi with silver stain. Treatment requires surgical resection and antifungal pharmacologic therapy.
HIV Prevention
Authors: Ajmal Saira R. , Kasten Mary J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 90% for patients who are highly adherent. When considering PrEP, the first step is to determine the risk of HIV acquisition based on sexual risk behaviors during the past 6 months. Evaluation should include baseline HIV test, renal function estimate, and hepatitis B screen. Follow-up should be scheduled at 1 month and every 3 months thereafter. The need to continue PrEP should be reassessed on an annual basis, and PrEP should be continued for 1 month after the last high-risk exposure.
Two Problems
Authors: Jagtiani Anil C. , Temesgen Zelalem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is increasingly common in the management of end-organ disease for patients with HIV. Patients with HIV and hepatitis C coinfection have a much higher rate of acute cellular rejection. To improve outcomes, donor and recipient selection and aggressive and timely management of posttransplant complications are important. Clinically significant drug interactions must be considered; the most important interactions affect patients receiving a protease inhibitor−based regimen. Although patients with coinfections consistently have poorer outcomes, patients with HIV infection do benefit from organ transplantation.
Bilateral Tinnitus
Authors: O’Connor Christina G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a drug class, aminoglycosides are highly effective against most gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium, but they are associated with a risk of clinically significant adverse effects, including ototoxicity. A sign of aminoglycoside cochlear toxicity is bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, beginning at high frequencies. Vestibular toxicity can present with any combination of vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, and ataxia. Aminoglycoside- and macrolide-related ototoxicity is a treatment-related adverse effect that is serious, difficult to detect, and potentially irreversible. Patients must be vigilantly monitored for signs of drug-induced ototoxicity by health care professionals.
Does It Always Have to Be a Burning Sensation?
Authors: Shah Aditya S. , Wilson John W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. For men, classic manifestations of gonorrhea include urethritis and oropharyngeal exudates with lymphadenopathy. In women, classic manifestations are cervicitis, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and pelvic inflammatory disease, but women commonly may be asymptomatic. Nucleic acid amplification test is preferred for diagnosing genital and extragenital gonococcal infections. Ceftriaxone cures about 98%-99% of uncomplicated gonorrhea infections, but dual treatment with ceftriaxone and azithromycin is recommended. Retesting is recommended 3 months after treatment because patients with gonorrhea constitute a high-risk group with potential for reinfection.
It Must Be Something in the Water: A Hand Infection After Fishing
Authors: del Valle Kathryn T. , Tande Aaron J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum infections initially can mimic common skin and soft tissue infections. M marinum infections are associated with aquatic creatures and can also occur after injuries from inanimate objects, such as fishhooks. Patients often initially present with papules on the affected area, which can progress to nodular lymphangitis (also termed sporotrichoid spread). Diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical assessment (indolent course, papules that progress to nodular lymphangitis), histopathologic findings (granulomatous inflammation), and culture results. Treatment should typically include a 3- to 4-month course of at least 2 antimicrobial agents, and frequently used agents include clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol.
Negative Pressure
Authors: Castillo Almeida Natalia E. , Kasten Mary J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis transmission has been documented in health care settings where health care providers and patients encounter persons with unsuspected, infectious tuberculosis disease who have not been isolated in a timely manner or have not received appropriate treatment. Initial risk assessment for tuberculosis is crucial for determining administrative, environmental, and respiratory protective measures. Preventing the spread of aerosol-transmissible pathogens requires the use of airborne infection isolation rooms. In addition, respiratory protection with an N95 or higher-level respirator is recommended. Patients with suspected or confirmed respiratory tuberculosis disease should not share rooms.