bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of intelligent manufacturing systems in the implementation of Industry 4.0 by small and medium enterprises in developing countries
Authors: Atieh Anas Mahmoud , Cooke Kavian Omar , Osiyevskyy Oleksiy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe desire to enhance connectivity and communication while simplifying data used to improve and optimize products and processes has driven many organizations within developed countries to invest heavily in implementing intelligent technologies for manufacturing. These technologies promise to enhance global manufacturing capabilities while sustaining demands by integrating equipment and frameworks in advanced economies for future production systems. On the other hand, many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within developing countries have shown apprehension and mistrust toward the emerging technologies associated with Industry 4.0. This article provides a comprehensive review of SMEs' readiness within developing countries to implement the novel technologies falling within the Industry 4.0 realm. Such techniques include intelligent manufacturing systems, cyber‐physical systems, and other crucial technological tools for improved connectivity and communication within manufacturing and production systems. Analysis of the literature shows that many SMEs within developing countries are experiencing delays in introducing intelligent manufacturing and digitizing factories due to a lack of knowledge and communication issues. These firms lag in embracing the transformation to equipment and systems that can communicate with future‐oriented technologies and introduce intelligent devices and machines into production processes. This article explores challenges, identifies gaps and suggests the potential solutions to address the readiness of SMEs toward Industry 4.0 in developing countries, through a systematic summary and integrative analysis of the findings from the literature.
Performance analysis of hybrid solid liquid desiccant material: Dehumidification and CO2 absorption
Authors: Sanjay  , Mishra Sanjay , Alam Tabish , Shankar Ravi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the population and living standard of human beings rises, energy requirement also increases rapidly. In developing country like India, a major part of energy requirement is fulfilled by thermal power‐based plants. It generates pollutant gases and water vapor responsible for global warming and other environmental problems. To overcome these problems in controlled area, a continuous experimental investigation has been performed based on the hybrid solid–liquid desiccant (HSLD) containing CaCl2 (0.33 M), lithium chloride (0.66 M), titanium dioxide (0.026 M), silicon dioxide (0.316 M), copper oxide (0.067 M) for dehumidification, and CO2 removal from the atmospheric air. In addition, CO2 removal capacity of HSLD has been performed from CO2 + air mixture containing variable CO2 to air as 0.33–5.46 (wt ratio). Present study suggest relative humidity of air is reduced from 75% to ~40% at 21.5°C. Outlet air contain 36.41, 72.83, 127.45, 200.27, 291.31, 418.76 ppm, 655.45, 1238.07, 2075.57 ppm CO2 for inlet condition of 0.33 (400.66), 0.51 (619.20), 0.75 (910.60), 0.97 (1165.56), 1.18 (1420.53), 1.44 (1730.13), 1.80 (2167.22), 2.70 (3241.72), 3.85 (4625.83) g CO2/g dry air (ppm) respectively desiccant flow rate of 6 L/min. Overall proposed HSLD could be effective for dehumidification and CO2 absorption.
Optimization of the seismic response of bridges using variable‐width joints
Authors: Mikes Ioannis G. , Kappos Andreas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn aspect of seismic design of bridges that has hardly received proper attention so far is the appropriate selection of joint gaps. End gaps define the boundary conditions of the bridge and affect its dynamic response; their proper design can lead to an improved structural performance under dynamic actions. The idea of the ‘Dynamic Intelligent Bridge’ is explored here, wherein current bridge joints that have a fixed width are substituted by variable‐width joints and, under seismic loading, the joint gap is optimised either with a one‐off adjustment, or continuously (in real time) through semi‐active control. In all cases, a novel device is used that permits this improved behaviour of the joints, the moveable shear key (MSK), a device for blocking the movement of the bridge deck, which has the possibility to slide, hence varying the size of the existing joint gap. In this context, the effect of gap size on the seismic response of bridges is assessed herein and a methodology is put forward for optimising this size, using a number of criteria such as maintaining the functionality of the bridge for moderate earthquakes, and ensuring the safety of the bridge and its users under earthquakes stronger than that used for design.
New French guidelines to adapt the “Isolate/Detect/Trace” strategy for COVID‐19 adult peoples or contacts considering the exponential spread of Omicron variant
Authors: Lepelletier Didier , Chidiac Christian , Mansour Zeina , Chauvin Franck ,   for the High Council for Public Health working group
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives were to elaborate new recommendations for the French Government taking into account the new epidemiological situation due to Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and to maintain essential functions of the State through socioeconomic and health life.MethodTwo self‐decision matrix were built for isolation (cases) and quarantine (contacts) and for citizen testing, respectively. The recommendations included in the two matrix were validated internally by experts and scientists from the scientist literature.ResultsA strategic breakdown into five phases corresponding to the possible phases of Omicron variants spread was built. Exceptional and transitory derogation for essential activities was proposed in fully vaccinated professionals. Suspension of quarantine period for fully vaccinated contacts and professionals was proposed with routine self‐testing program.ConclusionThese new HCSP guidelines aims to preserve public health as a whole and to minimize the socioeconomic and health consequences linked to the emergence of the Omicron variant by making trade‐offs/adaptations in dependent scientist contexts.Patient or Public ContributionHCSP scientists and experts were in charge of drafting the recommendations and promoting them to the Government for their application by regulatory decree voted by law.
Incidence, indications, and maternal outcomes of emergency peripartum hysterectomy at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia: A retrospective review
Authors: Bayable Mehari , Gudu Wondimu , Wondafrash Mekitie , Sium Abraham Fessehaye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence, indications, and maternal outcomes of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) at a tertiary setting in Ethiopia.Materials and methodsA 4‐year retrospective review of EPH cases was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia) from January 2016 to December 2019. Data were collected by reviewing maternal charts of EPH cases using a structured data extraction format. Stata Statistical Software, release 14, was used for data analysis. Frequency and percentages are used to present the significance of results.ResultsAmong 39 629 deliveries during the study period, there were 105 EPH, making the incidence rate 2.6 per 1000 deliveries. The common indications for EPH were uterine rupture (63/105; 60%), intractable uterine atony (23/105; 21.9%), and placenta accreta spectrum (14/105; 14.7%). The most common complications were anemia (85/105; 80.9%), puerperal fever (13/105; 12.4%), acute kidney injury (10/105; 9.5%), and relaparotomy (7/105; 6.7%).ConclusionThe incidence of EPH observed in our institution is high. Appropriate patient selection for vaginal delivery and strict labor follow up with early intervention for labor abnormalities should be the guiding principles of optimal obstetrical care to alleviate the burden of uterine rupture.
Regulating f orbital of Tb electronic reservoir to activate stepwise and dual‐directional sulfur conversion reaction
Authors: Yu Shuang , Yang Shuo , Cai Dong , Nie Huagui , Zhou Xuemei , Li Tingting , Liang Ce , Wang Haohao , Dong Yangyang , Xu Rui , Fang Guoyong , Qian Jinjie , Ge Yongjie , Hu Yue , Yang Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics in multistep sulfur redox reaction with different energy requirements for each step, is considered as the crucial handicap of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Designing an electron reservoir, which can dynamically release electron to/accept electron from sulfur species during discharge/charge, is the ideal strategy for realizing stepwise and dual‐directional polysulfide electrocatalysis. Herein, a single Tb3+/4+ oxide with moderate unfilled f orbital is synthetized as an electron reservoir to optimize polysulfide adsorption via Tb–S and N···Li bonds, reduce activation energy barrier, expedite electron/Li+ transport, and selectively catalyze both long‐chain and short‐chain polysulfide conversions during charge and discharge. As a result, Tb electron reservoir enables stable operation of low‐capacity decay (0.087% over 500 cycles at 1 C), high sulfur loading (5.2 mg cm−2) and electrolyte‐starved (7.5 μL mg−1) Li–S batteries. This work could unlock the potential of f orbital engineering for high‐energy battery systems.image
Histological classification of atherosclerotic arteries using high‐speed confocal Raman microscopy with machine learning
Authors: Xing Jingchao , Lee Dong‐Ryoung , Kim Jin Won , Yoo Hongki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConfocal Raman microscopy is a useful tool to observe composition and constitution of label‐free samples at high spatial resolution. However, accurate characterization of microstructure of tissue and its application in diagnostic imaging are challenging due to weak Raman scattering signal and complex chemical composition of tissue. We have developed a method to improve imaging speed, diffraction efficiency, and spectral resolution of confocal Raman microscopy. In addition to the novel imaging technique, the machine learning method enables confocal Raman microscopy to visualize accurate histology of tissue sections. Here, we have demonstrated the performance of the proposed method by measuring histological classification of atherosclerotic arteries and compared the histological confocal Raman images with the conventional staining method. Our new confocal Raman microscopy enables us to comprehend the structure and biochemical composition of tissue and diagnose the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial wall without labeling.
Mechanical and morphological responses of osteoblast‐like cells to two‐photon polymerized microgrooved surfaces
Authors: dos Santos Laura M. S. , de Oliveira Jonathas M. , da Silva Elaine C. O. , Fonseca Vitor M. L. , Silva Juliane P. , Barreto Emiliano , Dantas Noelio Oliveira , Silva Anielle C. A. , Jesus‐Silva Alcenísio J. , Mendonça Cléber R. , Fonseca Eduardo J. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrogrooved surfaces are recognized as an important strategy of tissue engineering to promote the alignment of bone cells. In this work, we have investigated the mechanical and morphological aspects of osteoblasts cells after interaction with different micro‐structured polymeric surfaces. Femtosecond laser writing technique was used for the construction of circular and parallel microgrooved patterns in biocompatible polymeric surfaces based on pentaerythritol triacrylate. Additionally, we have studied the influence of the biocompatible TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) related to the cell behavior, when incorporated to the photoresin. The atomic force microscopy technique was used to investigate the biomechanical reaction of the human osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells for the different microgroove. It was demonstrated that osteoblasts grown on circular microgrooved surfaces exhibited significantly larger Young's modulus compared to cells sown on flat films. Furthermore, we could observe that TiO2 NCs improved the circular microgrooves effects, resulting in more populated sites, 34% more elongated cells, and increasing the cell stiffness by almost 160%. These results can guide the design and construction of effective scaffold surfaces with circular microgrooves for tissue engineering and bone regeneration.
An automated method for graph‐based chemical space exploration and transition state finding
Authors: Ramos‐Sánchez Pablo , Harvey Jeremy N. , Gámez José A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlgorithms that automatically explore the chemical space have been limited to chemical systems with a low number of atoms due to expensive involved quantum calculations and the large amount of possible reaction pathways. The method described here presents a novel solution to the problem of chemical exploration by generating reaction networks with heuristics based on chemical theory. First, a second version of the reaction network is determined through molecular graph transformations acting upon functional groups of the reacting. Only transformations that break two chemical bonds and form two new ones are considered, leading to a significant performance enhancement compared to previously presented algorithm. Second, energy barriers for this reaction network are estimated through quantum chemical calculations by a growing string method, which can also identify non‐octet species missed during the previous step and further define the reaction network. The proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to five different chemical reactions, in all cases identifying the most important reaction pathways.
High titers of neutralizing antibodies in the blood fail to eliminate SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Li Lu , Cui Jianping , Tang Jingyan , Shi Jingrong , Deng Xilong , Zheng Xiaowen , Fan Qinghong , Liu Ying , Yu Haisheng , Tang Xiaoping , Hu Fengyu , Li Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRetest‐positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral RNA, as a unique phenomenon among discharged individuals, has been demonstrated to be safe in the community. Still, the underlying mechanism of viral lingering is less investigated. In this study, first, we find that the frequency of viral RNA‐positive retesting differs among variants. Higher ratios of viral RNA‐positive retest were more frequently observed among Delta (61.41%, 514 of 837 cases) and Omicron (39.53%, 119 of 301 cases) infections than among ancestral viral infection (7.27%, 21 of 289 cases). Second, the tissues where viral RNA reoccurred were altered. Delta RNA reoccurred mainly in the upper respiratory tract (90%), but ancestral virus RNA reoccurred mainly in the gastrointestinal tract (71%). Third, vaccination did not reduce the frequency of viral RNA‐positive retests, despite high concentrations of viral‐specific antibodies in the blood. Finally, 37 of 55 (67.27%) Delta‐infected patients receiving neutralizing antibody therapy become viral RNA retest positive when high concentrations of neutralizing antibodies still patrol in the blood. Altogether, our findings suggest that the presentence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the blood is incompetent in clearing residual viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract.
Characteristics and clinical significance of plasma IL‐18, sCD14, and sCD163 levels in patients with HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Li Liya , Cai Weiping , Guo Pengle , Hu Fengyu , Lan Yun , Li Yonghong , Zhong Huolin , He Haolan , Chen Xiejie , Zhong Haidan , Liu Cong , Li Linghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiomarkers of monocyte‐macrophages activation and inflammation in plasma such as interleukin‐18 (IL‐18), soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen 14 (sCD14), and sCD163 are associated with disease severity and prognosis in HIV‐1 infected patients, however, their relationships with efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) need further investigation. We aimed to characterize and explore the clinical significance of plasma IL‐18, sCD14, and sCD163 in this population. This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of HIV‐1 infected patients enrolled in a randomized, controlled, open‐label, noninferiority trial (ALTERLL study), with follow‐up time points including initiation of ART (baseline), 12‐, 24‐ and 48‐weeks of treatment. Plasma levels of IL‐18, sCD14, and sCD163 were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. Viral suppression was defined as HIV‐1 RNA < 20 copies/ml. Among the 193 studied patients (median age of 29.0 years, 180 males), IL‐18 and sCD163 had U‐shaped regression curves and sCD14 had an inverted U‐shaped regression curve while the virus was decreased and immune function recovered. Patients with higher levels of IL‐18 or lower levels of sCD163 at baseline were less likely to achieve viral suppression at Week 12 or Week 24 of treatment, respectively. In multivariate analysis, baseline sCD163 ≤ 500 pg/ml (adjusted odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.68) was independently associated with a lower rate of viral suppression at Week 24 of treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated different dynamic changes among IL‐18, sCD14, and sCD163 after ART. Baseline sCD163 level could be a potential predictor of early virological response to ART. Further validation and mechanistic research are needed.
Characterization and application of a series of monoclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Zhou Liling , Mo Chuncong , Yang Yujie , Zhou Zhichao , You Aiping , Fan Ye , Liu Wenkuan , Li Xiao , Zhou Rong , Tian Xingui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has a significant global social and economic impact, and the emergence of new and more destructive mutant strains highlights the need for accurate virus detection. Here, 90 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that exclusively reacted with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleocapsid protein (NP) were generated. These MAbs did not cross‐react with NPs of common human coronaviruses (HCoVs, i.e., 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Subsequently, overlapped peptides in individual fragments (N1–N4) of NP were synthesized. N1‐3 (25‐GSNQNGERSGARSKQ‐39), N3‐1 (217‐AALALLLLDRLNQL‐230), and N4‐8 (393‐TLLPAADLDDFSKQL‐407) were identified as major epitopes using enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) and recognized by 47, 1, and 18 MAbs, respectively. The 24 remaining MAbs exhibited no reactivity with all synthetic peptides. Among MAb‐epitope pairs, only MAbs targeting epitope N1‐3 displayed no cross‐reaction with NPs of SARS‐CoV‐1 and other SARS‐related CoVs. All Omicron variants contained a three‐amino acid deletion (31ERS33) in the N1‐3 region. Thus, MAbs targeting N1‐3 failed to recognize these variants. Furthermore, a double‐antibody sandwich ELISA for antigen detection was established using the optimal MAbs. Overall, a series of MAbs targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 NP was prepared, characterized with epitope mapping, and applied for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens, and some novel B‐cell epitopes of the viral NP were identified.
Self‐assembly preparation of Zn2+‐immobilized silica hybrid monolith and application in solid‐phase micro‐extraction of β‐agonists
Authors: Peng Chuanyun , Zhang Shaowen , Wu Chunlai , Feng Yong , Zhao Xiaojie , Li Juan , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2022

Exploiting adsorbents with highly efficient extraction performance is of great promise for extracting small organic molecules from biological samples. In this work, a novel Zn2+‐immobilized chitosan@silica hybrid monolith was prepared through a simple self‐assembly Zn2+‐immobilization process. Exploited as an adsorbent in solid‐phase micro‐extraction for extracting trace β‐agonists, the monolith exhibited high extraction efficiencies for salbutamol, clenbuterol, and ractopamine with the enrichment factors approaching 120, 85, and 52, respectively. These could be attributed to the effective interaction between Zn2+ ions and the target molecule via coordination or other intermolecular interactions. Under optimized extraction operations, a sensitive determination was successfully developed coupling with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. The linear range was 0.17–58.8, 0.12–68.5, and 0.18–65.5 ng/ml for salbutamol, clenbuterol, and ractopamine. The limits of detection of the β‐agonists were from 0.04 to 0.07 ng/ml, and the limits of quantification were from 0.12 to 0.18 ng/ml. The recoveries of spiking in mutton samples were observed in the range of 85.9%–95.7%, with relative standard deviations <8.0% (n = 3). Application tests demonstrated this newly developed determination was practical, accurate, and convenient for detecting trace content β‐agonists in meat.
Biodegradable Sodium Alginate/Carrageenan/Cellulose Composite Hydrogel Wound Dressings Containing Herbal Extracts for Promoting Blood Coagulation and Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zongyao , Man Jia , Wang Xiaojie , Zhang Yongqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccelerating the coagulation process and preventing wound infection are major challenges in the wound care process. Therefore, new multifunctional wound dressings with procoagulant, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties have enormous potential for clinical application. In this work, biodegradable hydrogels containing herbal extracts are prepared for wound dressings. First, the active ingredients are extracted from Amaranthus spinosus (A. spinosus) and Rubia cordifolia (R. cordifolia) and added to the hydrogels prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carrageenan, and sodium alginate. Then the composite hydrogels are air‐dried to obtain the wound dressings. The wound dressings prepared in this work have good biocompatibility and moisture retention. The mechanical properties of the wound dressings are further improved with the addition of MCC. Besides, the wound dressings have excellent procoagulant, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of R. cordifolia extract. Overall, the most effective group of wound dressings with different ingredient formulations reduces clotting time by 75% and largely inhibits bacterial growth. The wound dressings perform well in the animal wound models to promote wound healing. These results indicate that the hydrogel wound dressings prepared in this work have great potential for medical applications.
Key Factors that Influence Consumer Preferences for Natural‐Hyped Products
Authors: Velasco Franklin , Cardenas Marcelo , Cardenas Juan J. , Martin Silvia L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNatural‐hyped products are receiving greater attention from and acceptance by consumers worldwide. Environmental factors that foster the demand for natural‐hyped products, specifically hemp‐based products include the deregulation of the cannabis industry and greater consumer desire for natural foods. Adding to this, the strategic use of stimulant type of cues (e.g., a cannabis leaf) included in product logos, ads, and packaging, seems to create hype associations when evaluating hemp‐based products. In this context, this study presents empirical evidence (three experiments and two qualitative studies) that illustrates consumer preference for hemp‐based products over ones that do not include hemp as an ingredient (hemp‐free). The research focuses on identifying the psychological determinant that orients consumers towards hemp‐based products. Findings suggest that the perceived naturalness is the psychological mechanism behind consumers positive evaluation of hemp‐based products. Moreover, this study presents evidence that this evaluation is enhanced by the consumer's need for stimulation. Implications of the findings for the role of perceived naturalness and the need for stimulation in marketing strategies are discussed.