bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Gut Microbiota and Exploration of Potential Predictive Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microvascular Invasion
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Wang Zeyu , Lv Jiayu , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Yang , Liu Tian , Li Wang , Gong Lan , Zhang Xiaodong , El-Omar Emad M. , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe association between gut microbiota and microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclarified. Hence, the microbiome analysis of patients with HCC might predict MVI development as an accurate, non-invasive, and convenient assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with HCC-MVI and establish a microbial prediction model of HCC-MVI based on a microbiome study.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 59 patients with HCC (24 of the total with MVI disease and 16 healthy controls) and were further analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing followed by a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. The diagnostic performance of microbiome characteristics in predicting MVI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlation between gut microbiota and tumor microenvironment (TME) in the HCC-MVI group was further analyzed by using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay.ResultsA significant differentiation trend of microbiota composition and structure was observed between the HCC-MVI group and those without vascular invasion (HCC-NVI). Compared with HCC-NVI group and healthy controls, gut bacteria Klebsiella, Proteobacteria, Prevotellaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly enriched, whereas Firmicutes, Ruminococcus, and Monoglobaceae were significantly decreased in patients with HCC-MVI. Klebsiella was considered to be the key microbiome signature for patients with HCC-MVI. The area under the curve (AUC) of the established HCC-MVI microbial prediction model was 94.81% (95% CI: 87.63–100%). The percentage of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was increased in the HCC-MVI group compared with the HCC-NVI group (p &lt; 0.001). M2-type TAMs in TME were negatively correlated with Shannon and Simpson index of HCC-MVI gut microbiota (all p &lt; 0.01). In addition, predicted KEGG pathways showed that the functional differences in the metabolic pathways of microbiota varied among the groups.ConclusionThe results indicated that differences existed in the fecal microbiome of patients with HCC-MVI and healthy controls. The prediction model of HCC-MVI established with certain gut bacterial signatures may have the potential to predict HCC-MVI outcome, and the characteristics of the fecal microbiome in patients with HCC may be associated with TME, though future larger-cohort studies are required to validate this supposition.
Deep Learning-Based Pain Classifier Based on the Facial Expression in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Wu Chieh-Liang , Liu Shu-Fang , Yu Tian-Li , Shih Sou-Jen , Chang Chih-Hung , Yang Mao Shih-Fang , Li Yueh-Se , Chen Hui-Jiun , Chen Chia-Chen , Chao Wen-Cheng 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivePain assessment based on facial expressions is an essential issue in critically ill patients, but an automated assessment tool is still lacking. We conducted this prospective study to establish the deep learning-based pain classifier based on facial expressions.MethodsWe enrolled critically ill patients during 2020–2021 at a tertiary hospital in central Taiwan and recorded video clips with labeled pain scores based on facial expressions, such as relaxed (0), tense (1), and grimacing (2). We established both image- and video-based pain classifiers through using convolutional neural network (CNN) models, such as Resnet34, VGG16, and InceptionV1 and bidirectional long short-term memory networks (BiLSTM). The performance of classifiers in the test dataset was determined by accuracy, sensitivity, and F1-score.ResultsA total of 63 participants with 746 video clips were eligible for analysis. The accuracy of using Resnet34 in the polychromous image-based classifier for pain scores 0, 1, 2 was merely 0.5589, and the accuracy of dichotomous pain classifiers between 0 vs. 1/2 and 0 vs. 2 were 0.7668 and 0.8593, respectively. Similar accuracy of image-based pain classifier was found using VGG16 and InceptionV1. The accuracy of the video-based pain classifier to classify 0 vs. 1/2 and 0 vs. 2 was approximately 0.81 and 0.88, respectively. We further tested the performance of established classifiers without reference, mimicking clinical scenarios with a new patient, and found the performance remained high.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the practical application of deep learning-based automated pain assessment in critically ill patients, and more studies are warranted to validate our findings.
The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke
Authors: Wang Xin , Peng Yuan , Zhou Hongyu , Du Wanchun , Wang Junya , Wang JiaJin , Wu Tong , Tang Xiaojia , Lv Yichen , Gong Jianwei 
Published: March 2022

AimThis study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke.MethodsForty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention.ResultsPre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p &lt; 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p &gt; 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p &lt; 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.
Comparison of the Detection Rates of Different Diagnostic Methods for Primary Peripheral Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Qin Chao , Fu Qun , Hu Shuangmin , Zhao Wenfei , Li Hongyun 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe present study aims to compare the detection rates of different diagnostic methods for primary peripheral lung cancer (PPLC).MethodsThe detection rate and patient information were collected from a total of 359 cases of PPLC or a suspected diagnosis of lung cancer; among these, 186 cases were simultaneously treated with fibreoptic bronchoscopy, brush inspection and flush inspection, and 173 cases underwent a computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy (PNB). The positive detection rates of the different methods were compared.ResultsIn the detection of peripheral lesions (diameter of &lt;5 cm), the CT-PNB had the significantly highest detection rate, followed by the combined basic method (fibreoptic bronchoscopy + brushing + flushing). The independent use of the three basic sampling methods showed a significantly lower detection rate compared with the combined use.ConclusionIn the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, the CT-PNB had the best detection rate; hence, it could be used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of such lesions.
The Burden of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kortz Teresa B. , Nielsen Katie R. , Mediratta Rishi P. , Reeves Hailey , O'Brien Nicole F. , Lee Jan Hau , Attebery Jonah E. , Bhutta Emaan G. , Biewen Carter , Coronado Munoz Alvaro , deAlmeida Mary L. , Fonseca Yudy , Hooli Shubhada , Johnson Hunter , Kissoon Niranjan , Leimanis-Laurens Mara L. , McCarthy Amanda M. , Pineda Carol , Remy Kenneth E. , Sanders Sara C. , Takwoingi Yemisi , Wiens Matthew O. , Bhutta Adnan T. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe majority of childhood deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these deaths are avoidable with basic critical care interventions. Quantifying the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs is essential for targeting interventions to reduce childhood mortality.ObjectiveTo determine the burden of hospitalization and mortality associated with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.Data Sources and Search StrategyWe will identify eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS using MeSH terms and keywords. Results will be limited to infants or children (ages &gt;28 days to 12 years) hospitalized in LMICs and publications in English, Spanish, or French. Publications with non-original data (e.g., comments, editorials, letters, notes, conference materials) will be excluded.Study SelectionWe will include observational studies published since January 1, 2005, that meet all eligibility criteria and for which a full text can be located.Data ExtractionData extraction will include information related to study characteristics, hospital characteristics, underlying population characteristics, patient population characteristics, and outcomes.Data SynthesisWe will extract and report data on study, hospital, and patient characteristics; outcomes; and risk of bias. We will report the causes of admission and mortality by region, country income level, and age. We will report or calculate the case fatality rate (CFR) for each diagnosis when data allow.ConclusionsBy understanding the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs, we can advocate for resources and inform resource allocation and investment decisions to improve the management and outcomes of children with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs.
A Family-Centered, Multidisciplinary Clinic for Early Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Impairment and Cerebral Palsy in China—A Pilot Observation
Authors: Huang Hai-Bo , Watt Man Joe , Hicks Matthew , Zhang Qian-Shen , Lin Fang , Wan Xue-Qing , Chow Chun-Bong , Cheung Po-Yin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundComprehensive multidisciplinary assessment of neurodevelopmental outcomes of high-risk neonates may have significant challenges in low- and middle-income countries, in addition to socio-cultural barriers. We aimed to compare the time to diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm neonates (&lt;29 weeks) at a multidisciplinary assessment and care (MDAC) clinic with that of a conventional high-risk infant follow-up clinic in China.MethodsAll eligible surviving very preterm neonates born at &lt;29 weeks gestation at the University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019 were followed up in conventional (2015–2017) and MDAC (2018–2020) clinics up to 2 years corrected age with clinical demographic information collected in a prospective database. The MDAC team used standardized developmental assessments. The rates and timing of diagnosing NDI and CP in two epochs were compared.ResultsThe rates of NDI and CP were not different in two epochs [NDI: 12 (50%) vs. 12 (41%); CP: 3 (12%) vs. 2 (7%) of 24 and 29 surviving infants assessed in conventional and MDAC clinics, respectively]. Infants in the MDAC clinic were diagnosed with NDI and CP earlier than those in the pre-MDAC epoch (6 vs. 14 months corrected age, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh-risk preterm neonates can be followed more effectively in a family-centered, child-friendly multidisciplinary clinic, leading to an earlier diagnosis of NDI and CP. Early counseling and interventions could be implemented accordingly.
Effects of Arm-Crank Exercise on Fitness and Health in Adults With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chiou Shin Yi , Clarke Emma , Lam Chi , Harvey Tom , Nightingale Tom E. 
Published: March 2022

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) may benefit less from exercise training due to consequences of their injury, leading to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. Arm-crank exercise (ACE) is the most common form of volitional aerobic exercise used by people with SCI outside a hospital. However, evidence regarding the specific effects of ACE alone on fitness and health in adults with SCI is currently lacking. Hence, this review aimed to determine the effects of ACE on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, motor function, health-related quality of life (QoL), and adverse events in adults with chronic SCI. Inclusion criteria were: inactive adults (≥18 years) with chronic SCI (&gt;12 months post injury); used ACE alone as an intervention; measured at least one of the following outcomes; cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, cardiovascular disease risk factors, motor function, health-related QoL, and adverse events. Evidence was synthesized and appraised using GRADE. Eighteen studies with a combined total of 235 participants having an injury between C4 to L3 were included. There was a moderate certainty of the body of evidence on ACE improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise prescriptions from the included studies were 30–40 min of light to vigorous-intensity exercise, 3–5 times per week for 2–16 weeks. GRADE confidence ratings were very low for ACE improving body composition, CVD risks factors, motor function, or health-related QoL. No evidence suggests ACE increases the risk of developing shoulder pain or other injuries. Overall, this review recommends adults with chronic SCI should engage in regular ACE to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. More high-quality, larger-scale studies are needed to increase the level of evidence of ACE in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and to determine the effects of ACE on other outcomes.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_reco rd.php?ID=CRD42021221952], identifier [CRD42021221952].
Acute and Chronic Workload Ratios of Perceived Exertion, Global Positioning System, and Running-Based Variables Between Starters and Non-starters: A Male Professional Team Study
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Alijanpour Nader , Martins Alexandre Duarte , Oliveira Rafael 
Published: March 2022

The study aim was 2-fold (i) to describe and compare the in-season variations of acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) coupled, ACWR uncoupled, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) through session-rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and sprint distance across different periods of a professional soccer season (early, mid, and end-season) between starters and non-starters; (ii) to analyze the relationship the aforementioned measures across different periods of the season for starters and non-starters. Twenty elite soccer players (mean ± SD age, 29.4 ± 4.4 y; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; and body mass, 74.8 ± 2.3 kg). They were divided into starter and non-starter groups and were evaluated for 20 weeks. ACWR had general changes throughout the season. At the beginning and end of the mid-season, the highest ACWR was observed in three parameters: s-RPE, TD, and HSRD. ACWR and EWMA through sprint distance were higher at the beginning of the early-season than at any other time of the season.The ACWR coupled of s-RPE shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters (p = 0.015;g = −1.01 [−1.98, −0.09]) and the ACWR coupled of TD shows a significant higher value for starters than non-starters in early-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = 3.01 [1.78, 4.46]) and shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters in mid-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = −2.52 [−3.83, −1.39]), and end-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = −2.57 [−3.89, −1.43]). While the EWMA of TD shows a significant higher value for starters than non-starters in early-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = 2.25 [1.17, 3.49]) and mid-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = 2.42 [1.31, 3.71]), and shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters in end-season (p &lt; 0.01;g = −2.23 [−3.47, −1.16]). Additionally, we found some correlations between external and internal load measures during three periods of the in-season. The study’s main finding was that the indexes of ACWR and EWMA were useful to detect differences between period and between playing status with the exception for the sprint variable. In addition, the necessary work for non-starter players’ improvement is not done during training, and these players lose their readiness as the season progresses. Consequently, these players perform poorly during the match. Therefore, coaches and their staff should consider devising new activities to keep non-starter players physically fit. This deficit must be accounted for in training because they compete in fewer matches and have less burden than starters.
Identification of Prostate Cancer Risk Genetics Biomarkers Based on Intergraded Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Liang Xiangdong , Wang Yanchao , Pei Long , Tan Xiaoliang , Dong Chunhui 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most popular cancer types in men. Nevertheless, the pathogenic mechanisms of PCa are poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the potential genetic biomarker of PCa in the present study.MethodsHigh-throughput data set GSE46602 was obtained from the comprehensive gene expression database (GEO) for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The common DEGs were further screened out using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Functional enrichment analysis includes Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to study related mechanisms. The Cox and Lasso regression analyses were carried out to compress the target genes and construct the high-risk and low-risk gene model. Survival analyses were performed based on the gene risk signature model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to clarify the correlation of the high- and low-risk gene model in risk and infiltration of immune cells in PCa.ResultsA total of 385 common DEGs were obtained. The results of functional enrichment analysis show that common DEGs play an important role in PCa. A three-gene signature model (KCNK3, AK5, and ARHGEF38) was established, and the model was significantly associated with cancer-related pathways, overall survival (OS), and tumor microenvironment (TME)-related immune cells in PCa.ConclusionThis new risk model may contribute to further investigation in the immune-related pathogenesis in progression of PCa.
Psychiatric Issues of Manipulation in Fraud
Authors: Кришевич О.В. , Савченко А.В. , Воробей П.А. 
Published: March 2022

В статье освещается круг проблемных вопросов психиатрического понимания манипуляции при мошенничестве. Представлены результаты обобщения исследований по вопросам относительно психического влияния, обмана и злоупотребления доверием в контексте манипуляции при совершении мошенничества. Рассмотрены причины манипуляций, механизмы, методы и приемы осуществления манипулирования, структура мошеннических операций. Очерчен понятийный аппарат, который характеризует мошенничество как психическую деятельность. В конечном счете это позволило уточнить определение понятий «манипуляция» и«мошенничество».
The article covers a range of problematic issues of the psychiatric understanding of manipulation in fraud. The results of the synthesis of research on the issues regarding mental influence, deception, and breach of trust in the context of manipulation in fraud are presented. The reasons for manipulations, mechanisms, methods, and techniques of implementation of manipulation, the structure of fraudulent transactions are considered. The conceptual apparatus, which characterizes fraud as a mental activity is outlined. Ultimately, this let to clarify the definition of the concepts of "manipulation" and "fraud".
The Concept of Negative Symptoms of Mental Disorders: Time to Recharge
Authors: Скугаревский О.А. 
Published: March 2022

Приводится изменчивость взглядов на концепцию негативных симптомов психических расстройств в историческом контексте. Изложены рекомендации по их современной клинической оценке. В рамках вопросов терапии негативных симптомов показана новизна использования современных препаратов из группы парциальных агонистов дофаминовых рецепторов на примере карипразина.
Here we provide variability of views on the concept of negative symptoms of mental disorders in the historical context. We give recommendations for their modern clinical assessment and discuss the novelty of using modern drugs from the group of partial dopamine receptors agonists on the example of cariprazine.
Experience of using ozone for deironing water of a complex composition
Authors: Козин Д.А. , Прокофьев В.А. , Прокофьева Т.В. 
Published: March 2022

Цель исследования состоит в разработке технологической схемы и определении основных параметров метода озонирования для очистки технической воды от соединений железа и марганца. Исследования проводились на пилотной установке, объектом испытаний служила циркуляционная вода на предприятии энергетики в Башкирии. Для достижения поставленной цели реализован многоэтапный эксперимент, позволивший: определить оптимальные дозы озона, время контакта озона с обрабатываемой водой; выбрать наиболее предпочтительные варианты использования сорбционных фильтров; уточнить скорость фильтрования. Приведены данные экспериментальных исследований, подтверждающие эффективность применения выбранного метода. Полученные результаты позволяют определить затраты на очистку воды, оценить эксплуатационные расходы производства и провести сравнение предлагаемого и альтернативных методов удаления соединений железа и марганца.
The purpose of the study was developing a process flow scheme and determining the main parameters of the ozonation method for removing iron and manganese compounds from process water. The studies were carried out in a pilot plant; the test object was circulating water at a power engineering facility in Bashkiria. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was conducted that provided for: determining the optimal doses of ozone, ozone contact time with processed water; choosing the main design options for using sorption filters; adjusting the filtration rate. The data of the experimental studies proving the effectiveness of the chosen method are presented. The results obtained provide for determining the costs of water treatment, estimating the operating costs, and compare the proposed and alternative methods for removing iron and manganese compounds.