bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Electrochemical Strategy for the Azidation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: He Guoxue , Li Yutian , Zhou Shengbin , Yang Xiaohao , Shang Aolong , Wang Yunbo , Liu Hong , Zhou Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a direct azidation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds via an electrochemical process, which use cheap and durable graphite plates as electrodes, without any external oxidants or metal catalysts. This protocol is a novel, green and environmentally benign synthetic strategy to achieve azidation of C(sp3)−H in benzylic group. More importantly, these azidation products are suitable for late‐stage functionalization to afford diversified triazole and tetrazole derivatives.
Voltammetric Determination of Favipiravir Used as an Antiviral Drug for the Treatment of Covid‐19 at Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Erşan Teslime , Dilgin Didem Giray , Kumrulu Elif , Kumrulu Umur , Dilgin Yusuf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work describes the sensitive voltammetric determination of favipiravir (FAV) based on its reduction for the first time with a low‐cost and disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In addition, the determination of FAV was also performed based on its oxidation. Differential pulse (DP) voltammograms recorded in 0.5 M H2SO4for the reduction of FAV show that peak currents increase linearly in the range of 1.0 to 600.0 μM with a limit of detection of 0.35 μM. The acceptable recovery values (98.9–106.0 %) obtained from a pharmaceutical tablet, real human urine, and artificial blood serum samples spiked with FAV confirm the high accuracy of the proposed method.
Experimental investigation of structural failure during the cooling phase of a fire: Timber columns
Authors: Gernay Thomas , Zehfuß Jochen , Brunkhorst Sven , Robert Fabienne , Bamonte Patrick , McNamee Robert , Mohaine Siyimane , Franssen Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper describes fire tests on loaded glued laminated timber columns in which the structural response was measured during the heating and cooling phases. Identical columns with 280 × 280 mm2 cross‐section and 3.7 m length were tested under various heating durations in a standard furnace to investigate integrity to full burnout. Two of the columns were subjected to ISO 834 heating until failure and their measured fire resistance was 55 and 58 min, respectively. Two columns were subjected to 15 min of ISO 834 heating followed by controlled cooling; these columns failed during the cooling phase, respectively after 98 and 153 min. Flame self‐extinction occurred after approximately 40 min while smoldering continued locally. Two columns tested under 10 min of ISO 834 heating both survived the defined heating–cooling exposure. Thermocouples inside the columns show sustained temperature increases for hours after the end of the heating phase. These full‐scale furnace experiments show that timber columns may fail during the cooling phase after exposure to standard heating for about 25% of the standard fire resistance duration. These results, in line with previous numerical predictions, highlight the need for further investigation into fire safety until full burnout for timber structures.
Current status and prospects of rice canopy temperature research
Authors: Jiang Min , Guo Kefan , Wang Jiaqi , Wu Yunfei , Shen Xinping , Huang Lifen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCanopy temperature is an important physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plants. It can comprehensively reflect their individual characteristics, such as their adaptability to the environment and the quality of the population. This paper reviews influencing factors, variation patterns, practical applications, formation processes, and measurement techniques of rice canopy temperature. Moreover, we analyzed the weaknesses of current studies on this topic, proposed improvements to the existing methods and techniques used to measure rice canopy temperature, and systematically assessed the effects of canopy temperature on rice production. This study provides a theoretical support for the construction of an auxiliary decision‐making system to guide rice crop production practices.
Small extravesicular microRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its potential as a liquid biopsy for early detection
Authors: Galiveti Chenna R. , Kuhnell Damaris , Biesiada Jacek , Zhang Xiang , Kelsey Karl T. , Takiar Vinita , Tang Alice L. , Wise‐Draper Trisha M. , Medvedovic Mario , Kasper Susan , Langevin Scott M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to assess secretion of small extracellular vesicular microRNA (exo‐miRNA) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and determine the translational potential as a liquid biopsy for early detection.MethodsThis study employed a combination of cell culture and case–control study design using archival pretreatment serum. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were isolated from conditioned culture media and human serum samples via differential ultracentrifugation. miRNA‐sequencing was performed on each sEV isolate.ResultsThere were clear exo‐miRNA profiles that distinguished HNSCC cell lines from nonpathologic oral epithelial control cells. While there was some overlap among profiles across all samples, there were apparent differences in exo‐miRNA profiles according to HPV‐status. Importantly, differential exo‐miRNA profiles were also apparent in serum from early‐stage HNSCC cases relative to cancer‐free controls.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that exo‐miRNA are highly dysregulated in HNSCC and support the potential of exo‐miRNA as biomarkers for HNSCC.
Rencofilstat, a cyclophilin inhibitor: A phase 2a, multicenter, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in F2/F3 NASH
Authors: Harrison Stephen A. , Mayo Patrick R. , Hobbs Todd M. , Canizares Carlos , Foster Erin P. , Zhao Caroline , Ure Daren R. , Trepanier Daniel J. , Greytok Jill A. , Foster Robert T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rencofilstat (RCF) demonstrated antifibrotic effects in preclinical models and was safe and well tolerated in Phase 1 studies. The aim of this Phase 2a study was safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and exploration of efficacy biomarkers in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This Phase 2a, multicenter, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study randomized 49 presumed F2/F3 subjects to RCF 75 mg once daily (QD), RCF 225 mg QD, or placebo for 28 days. Primary safety and tolerability endpoints were explored using descriptive statistics with post hoc analyses comparing active to placebo groups. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated using population pharmacokinetics methods. Efficacy was explored using biomarkers, transcriptomics, and lipidomics. RCF was safe and well tolerated, with no safety signals identified. The most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events were constipation, diarrhea, back pain, dizziness, and headache. No clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters were observed, and RCF pharmacokinetics were unchanged in subjects with NASH. Alanine transaminase (ALT) reduction was greater in active subjects than in placebo groups. Nonparametric analysis suggested that ALT reductions were statistically different in the 225‐mg cohort compared with matching placebo: −16.3 ± 25.5% versus −0.7 ± 13.4%, respectively. ProC3 and C6M reduction was statistically significant in groups having baseline ProC3 > 15.0 ng/ml. RCF was safe and well tolerated after 28 days in subjects with presumed F2/F3 NASH. Presence of NASH did not alter its pharmacokinetics. Reductions in ALT, ProC3, and C6M suggest direct antifibrotic effects with longer treatment duration. Reductions in key collagen genes support a mechanism of action via suppression and/or regression of collagen deposition. Conclusion: These results support advancement of rencofilstat into a larger and longer Phase 2b study.
A discrete event simulation for improving operating theatre efficiency
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hamed , Boyle Justin , Khanna Sankalp , Biki Barbara , Syed Faraz , Sweeney Lianne , Borkwood Ellen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing demand in healthcare services has posed excessive burden on healthcare professionals and hospitals with finite capacity. Operating theatres are critical resources within hospitals that can become bottlenecks in patient flow during high demand conditions. There are substantial costs associated with running operating theatres that include keeping professional staff ready, maintaining operating theatres and equipment, environmental services and cleaning of operating theatres and recovery rooms, and these costs can increase if theatres are not used efficiently. In addition to cost, operating theatre inefficiency can result in surgery cancelations and delays, and eventually, poor patient outcomes, which can be exacerbated under the increase in demand.MethodsThe allocation of surgeries to operating theatres is explored using a simulation model for patients admitted to inpatient beds and sent for surgery. We proposed a discrete event simulation (DES) to model incoming flow to operating theatres of a major metropolitan hospital. We assessed how changing the configuration of surgery at the target hospital affects Key Performance Indicators relating to theatre efficiency. In particular, the model was used to assess impacts of six different scenarios by defining new/hypothetical theatre case‐mix, opening and closing times of theatres, turnaround (changeover) time, and repurposing the theatres. Target performance metrics included theatre utilisation, pre‐operative length‐of‐stay, average reclaimable time, the percentage of total theatre time in a year that could be reclaimed, and patient waiting time. A web‐based application was developed that allows testing user‐defined scenarios and interactive analysis of the results.ResultsExtending the opening hours of operating theatres by 1 hour almost halved the number of deferred electives as well as over‐run cases but at the expense of reduced theatre utilisation. A one‐hour reduction in opening hours resulted in 10 times more deferred elective cases and a negligible increase in theatre utilisation. Reducing turnaround time by 50% had positive effects on theatre management: increased utilisation and less deferred and over‐run elective cases. Pooling emergency theatres did not affect theatre utilisation but resulted in a considerable reduction in average wait time and the proportion of the delayed emergency cases.ConclusionsThe developed DES‐based simulation model of operating theatres along with the web‐based user interface provided a useful interrogation tool for theatre management and hospital executive teams to assess new operational strategies. The next step is to embed simulation as ongoing practices in theatre planning workflow, allowing operational managers to use the model outputs to increase theatre utilisation, and reduce cancellations and schedule changes. This can support hospitals in providing services as efficiently and effectively as possible.
How the information content of integrated reporting flows into the stock market
Authors: Andronoudis Dimos , Baboukardos Diogenis , Tsoligkas Fanis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to its advocates, integrated reporting (IR) aims to enhance firms' information environment by placing financial reporting into a much broader perspective in which interrelated non‐financial information of firms' activities are taken into consideration. We examine whether this intended outcome of IR embeds into the stock pricing process using a sample of South African listed firms that mandatorily adopted IR in 2011. Unlike previous studies that explore market valuation implications of IR, we examine the channel through which the IR‐related information flows into firm value. Specifically, we quantify the effects of revisions of expectation about future cash flows (prompted by financial reporting information), revisions of expectation about discount rates (prompted by non‐financial reporting information) and their interconnectedness. We hypothesize and empirically show that the adoption of an IR approach prompted greater market revisions of expectations about future discount rates and a stronger interconnectedness between market revisions of expectations about future cash flows and discount rates. Thus, the change in the stock pricing process after the adoption of IR is determined by non‐financial reporting information and its strong interconnectedness with financial reporting information. We also show that our results are stronger for firms with greater earnings opacity, suggesting that investors find IR more useful when firms' financial reporting is opaque. Results indicate to researchers, practitioners and regulators that IR enhances the firm‐level information environment by providing informative non‐financial reporting which is also well integrated with financial reporting.
Religion, women's health, and obstetrician‐gynecologists
Authors: Fathalla Mahmoud F. , Benagiano Giuseppe , Schenker Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReligions continue to be a strong moral, even political, force in the world. They are often seen to be in conflict with women's health; we argue that this should not continue to be the case. The conflict can be traced back to when religions had their birth and early development in patriarchal communities in which women were marginalized to the edges of society. In addition, religious leadership has traditionally been dominated by men and exclusive of women. The recent introduction of new scientific technologies, which has empowered women to regulate and control their fertility, challenged traditional norms and raised a religious‐inspired moral panic. However, a recent initiative has been gaining momentum. An enlightened religious leadership and a new generation of feminist religious activists are calling for a review of the original texts and a reinterpretation in a sociocultural context that is different from when they were first revealed. Obstetrician‐gynecologists, while having to practice in a socioreligious context and continuing to face challenges in providing health care in religiously diverse societies, have a social responsibility to stand by women and to uphold that religions do not and should not stand in the way of advancing their health and rights.
I'm just joking! Perceptions of sexist humour and sexist beliefs in a Latin American context
Authors: Argüello‐Gutiérrez Catalina , Cubero Ana , Fumero Fabiola , Montealegre Diana , Sandoval Pía , Smith‐Castro Vanessa 
Published: October 2022

Previous research has stated a relationship between sexist ideologies and humour appreciation. However, most research has been done in North America and Europe. In the present study, we aimed to approach in an exploratory way to the social perceptions of sexist humour in Costa Rica. Data was gathered through an online survey, participants (N = 323; 220 females) completed measures to characterise expressions of sexist humour. The main measures included perceived funniness, frequency and means of exposure, and perceived offensiveness, as well as completing the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). Overall, previous exposure to this kind of humour was remarkably high. No significant differences were observed between women's and men's perceptions of the frequency, means and places of exposure, but emotional and behavioural reactions to sexist humour were gender‐based. Women reported higher displeasure, more confrontation and felt angrier and more offended than men when exposed to this type of humour. Data support existing evidence of the relationship with sexist ideology. Specifically, hostile sexism was found to be a significant predictor of perceived funniness and offensiveness of the sexist jokes. An interaction effect between hostile sexism and the sex of participants was found, showing that as hostile sexism increased, perceived offensiveness decreased, but more rapidly for men. Results are discussed considering the practical implications and limitations, as well as the need for more research in the Latin American context.
Dissociation reactions of hydrogen molecules at active sites on gold clusters: A DFT study
Authors: Chen Jia‐Li , Zhang Xia‐Guang , Wu De‐Yin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall gold nanoparticles (GNPs) show special catalytic activity for hydrogen (H2) dissociation reaction, which is essential and important in understanding the hydrogen oxidation reaction in hydrogen energy source. To insight on catalytic properties of GNPs, we simulated H2 dissociation paths on neutral gold clusters (GCs) Aun (n = 1–6) and positively charged GCs (n = 3–5), which are possible active sites on GNPs. The calculated results show that H2 dissociation on GCs follows a homolytic cleavage reaction process. Light irradiation and water environment are considered for H2 dissociation on (n = 3–5, δ = 0 and +1) clusters. The calculated results show that when the incident light has a low energy close to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) region of GNPs, the light can effectively reduce the H2 dissociation barrier, and an oxidation dissociation process is found for the water‐assisted H2 dissociation reaction.
Proviral role of human respiratory epithelial cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Berry François , Morin‐Dewaele Margot , Majidipur Amene , Jamet Thibaud , Bartier Sophie , Ignjatovic Eva , Toniutti Donatella , Gaspar Lopes Jeanne , Soyeux‐Porte Pascale , Maillé Pascale , Saldana Carolina , Brillet Rozenn , Ahnou Nazim , Softic Laurent , Couturaud Benoit , Huet Éric , Ahmed‐Belkacem Abdelhakim , Fourati Slim , Louis Bruno , Coste André , Béquignon Émilie , de la Taille Alexandre , Destouches Damien , Vacherot Francis , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Firlej Virginie , Bruscella Patrice 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are 50–200 nm in diameter vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer, formed within the endosomal network or derived from the plasma membrane. They are secreted in various biological fluids, including airway nasal mucus. The goal of this work was to understand the role of sEVs present in the mucus (mu‐sEVs) produced by human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We show that uninfected HNECs produce mu‐sEVs containing SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and activated protease TMPRSS2. mu‐sEVs cleave prefusion viral Spike proteins at the S1/S2 boundary, resulting in higher proportions of prefusion S proteins exposing their receptor binding domain in an ‘open’ conformation, thereby facilitating receptor binding at the cell surface. We show that the role of nasal mu‐sEVs is to complete prefusion Spike priming performed by intracellular furin during viral egress from infected cells. This effect is mediated by vesicular TMPRSS2 activity, rendering SARS‐CoV‐2 virions prone to entry into target cells using the ‘early’, TMPRSS2‐dependent pathway instead of the ‘late’, cathepsin‐dependent route. These results indicate that prefusion Spike priming by mu‐sEVs in the nasal cavity plays a role in viral tropism. They also show that nasal mucus does not protect from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but instead facilitates it.
EUS‐guided tissue acquisition using a novel torque technique is comparable with that of the fanning technique for solid pancreatic lesions: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Yang Min Jae , Park Se Woo , Lee Kyong Joo , Koh Dong Hee , Lee Jin , Lee Yun Nah , Park Chan Hyuk , Shin Eun , Kim Seokhwi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe torque and fanning techniques allow for multiple areas within pancreatic lesions to be targeted using different maneuvers and can, hence, enhance diagnostic outcomes. We compared the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) for pancreatic masses using the torque and fanning techniques.MethodsThis multicenter randomized trial enrolled a total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐FNB for solid pancreatic tumors using either the torque or fanning technique. Three passes were permitted for each lesion, and the technique sequence was randomly assigned as either torque first or fanning first with the standard technique as a reference.ResultsThe median quality score of the histological samples was significantly higher in the torque and fanning group than in the standard group (p < .001). Furthermore, the torque technique provided improved sensitivity of 93.38% and accuracy of 94.30%. The standard technique provided diagnostic sensitivity of 68.84% and accuracy of 72.96%, while the fanning technique showed sensitivity of 91.85% and accuracy of 93.04%.ConclusionsThe new torque technique enables the acquisition of better‐quality samples and can potentially increase the diagnostic outcomes in the EUS‐FNB of pancreatic solid masses, with the same recommendations as those for the fanning technique.
Multicomponent synthesis of spiro 1,3,4‐thiadiazolines with anticancer activity by using deep eutectic solvent under microwave irradiation
Authors: Castro Aleff , Andrade Isadora Maria Gouveia , Coelho Maísa Cavalcanti , da Costa Daniel Pereira , Moreira Dayse das Neves , Maia Rachel Azevedo , Lima Gesiane da Silva , dos Santos Gabriel Franco , Vaz Boniek Gontijo , Militão Gardênia Carmen Gadelha , da Silva Paulo Bruno Norberto , Vasconcellos Mário Luiz Araujo de Almeida , Lima‐Junior Claudio Gabriel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work describes a simple and efficient alternative method for obtaining 1,3,4‐thiadialzolinic spirocompounds, combining the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) with microwave irradiation in a one‐pot process. A series of DES based on different acids was explored as a solvent in a three‐component reaction including isatin derivatives (monomeric and dimeric), thiosemicarbazide, and acetic anhydride. Choline chloride and oxalic acid (1:1) showed better results concerning the other solvents evaluated, reaching yields of up to 79% when applied to the other compounds of the proposed series. For most of the monomeric compounds, the yields were very close to or higher than those reported in the literature for two‐step synthesis. These results demonstrate the possibility of using one‐pot synthesis as a faster, cleaner, and more efficient alternative method for obtaining thiadiazolines with expressive cytotoxic activity.
Clinical presentation, viral kinetics, and management of human monkeypox cases from New Delhi, India 2022
Authors: Relhan Vineet , Sahay Rima R. , Shete Anita M. , Yadav Pragya D. , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi , Patil Deepak Y. , Kumar Suresh , Premachandran Syamaladevi Kannan Sabarinath , Dar Lalit , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Abraham Priya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, virological follow‐up, and management of five confirmed monkeypox cases from New Delhi, India without any international travel history. The viral load kinetics and viral clearance were estimated in oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), EDTA blood, serum, urine, and various lesion specimens on every fourth day of follow‐up ranging from 5 to 24 post onset day (POD) of illness. All five cases presented with mild to moderate‐grade intermittent fever, myalgia, and lesions on the genitals, groins, lower limb, trunk, and upper limb. Four cases had non‐tender firm lymphadenopathy. No secondary complications or sexually transmitted infections were recorded in these cases except for the presence of viral hepatitis B infection marker hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in one case. All the cases were mild and had a good recovery. A higher viral load was detected in lesion fluid (POD 9), followed by lesion roof (POD 9), urine (POD 5), lesion base (POD 5), and OPS/NPS (POD 5). The monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA was detected in clinical samples from 5th to 24th POD. These monkeypox cases without international travel history suggest the underdiagnosed monkeypox infection in the community. This emphasizes the need for active surveillance of MPXV in the high‐risk population such as men having sex with men and female sex workers.