bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy plant‐based diets and their short‐term effects on weight loss, nutrient intake and serum cholesterol levels
Authors: Brown Laura , Rose Kelly , Campbell Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHealthy plant‐based diets (hPBD) are being promoted to reduce the risks of cardiovascular and associated diseases. This study investigates short‐term adherence to a hPBD to examine whether these dietary changes impact weight and cardiovascular risk factors. A simple, uncontrolled, before and after design was used. Twenty women (mean BMI 31 ± 4 kg/m2) participated in a 6‐week hPBD intervention. Participants completed a 3‐week reset, eliminating all refined sugar, heavily processed foods, artificial sweeteners, alcohol, meat, fish, dairy and oil from their diets, which could then be reintroduced into their diet if the participant chose to do so. Participants had 1‐h, weekly group support sessions. A weight loss of 4.4 kg, SD = 1.8 kg (n = 17, t = 10.2, p < 0.001) was observed after 6 weeks following the hPBD. BMI reduced from 31 to 29 kg/m2 (mean reduction = 1.38, SD = 0.76, n = 17, t = 7.49, p < 0.001). Reductions for waist circumference (mean reduction = 4.4 cm, SD = 5.22 cm, n = 8, t = 2.55, p = 0.034), LDL cholesterol (mean reduction = 0.600 mmol/L, SD = 0.828, n = 17, t = 2.81, p = 0.014) and total cholesterol (mean = 0.525 mmol/L, SD = 0.969, n = 17, t = 2.24, p = 0.040) were also observed. Body fat % was not significantly reduced (mean reduction = 2.3, SD = 6.6, n = 17, t = 1.49, p = 0.154). Dietary data were obtained from 17 participants at week 3 and from six participants at week 6. Energy intake at week 3 decreased compared with baseline (mean reduction = 1068 kcal/day, SD = 585 kcal, n = 17, t = 7.07, p < 0.001) and at week 6 (mean reduction = 715 kcal, SD = 645 kcal, n = 6, t = 2.72, p = 0.042). Protein, saturated fat and cholesterol intakes were also lower at weeks 3 and 6 compared with baseline. Fibre intake increased significantly from baseline to week 6 (mean increase = 11.3 g/day, SD = 8.9, n = 6, t = 3.11, p = 0.027) whilst sugar intake decreased from baseline to week 3 (mean reduction = 26.0 g/day, SD = 22.3, n = 17, t = 4.52, p < 0.001), but the reduction at week 6 was not significant. These results suggest that motivated participants can learn to adopt new dietary patterns for a few weeks at least with some support. This study demonstrated positive effects of a hPBD on weight reduction, cholesterol and BMI over a short time period, although the short‐ and long‐term adherence to this diet requires further research.
Ideas and crisis in policy and administration: Existing links and research frontiers
Authors: Hannah Adam , Baekkeskov Erik , Tubakovic Tamara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study of ideas and crisis in public policy and administration has generated two literatures with shared interests, but often distinct approaches. In this Symposium introduction, we argue that crisis studies and the “ideas school” have much to learn from each other. To facilitate cross‐pollination, this article reviews key insights from the two literatures with relevance across the divide. In our view, crisis studies offer important parameters that can help realize some of the ambitions expressed in the ideas school, such as how different crises and crisis stages affect opportunities for institutional and policy change. Similarly, ideational studies show new ways for crisis scholars to approach coherence in coordination among crisis actors, network information, and public communication. We conclude by assessing the contribution of the three Symposium papers to drawing new links between the fields and suggest future avenues for research.
Working with animals: Implications for employees’ compassion, awe, prosocial behavior, and task performance
Authors: Yam Kai Chi , Tang Pok Man , Lam Carisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman‐animal work represents a collaboration between humans and animals to achieve work goals, and is common in the domains of healthcare, therapy, entertainment, and education. Although the scope and types of human‐animal work is diversifying and increasing, organizational scholars have yet to explore its impacts on employees. Drawing from the models of compassion and mind perception theories, we first develop a theoretical model pertaining to the development of compassion as a result of human‐animal work. In a study with zookeepers (Study 1), we find that human‐animal work evokes the emotion of compassion, which in turn is positively associated with employee prosocial behavior and task performance. These mediated effects are moderated by how employees perceive animals—employees are more likely to experience compassion, and in turn, become more prosocial and work better when they generally perceive animals to be able to experience emotions and bodily sensations. Furthermore, two follow‐up studies (i.e., Studies 2 and 3) with employees who engage in human‐animal work in Hong Kong and the United States reveal that working with animals evokes awe in addition to compassion, and provides insight into their resultant impact on prosocial behavior and task performance. We end by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of this work.
New insights on the correspondence between subjective affective experience and physiological responses from representational similarity analysis
Authors: Ventura‐Bort Carlos , Wendt Julia , Weymar Mathias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClassical views suggest that experienced affect is related to a specific bodily response, whereas recent perspectives challenge this view postulating that similar affective experiences rather evoke different physiological responses. To further advance this debate in the field, we used representational similarity analysis to investigate the correspondence between subjective affect (arousal and valence ratings) and physiological reactions (skin conductance response [SCR], startle blink response, heart rate, and corrugator activity) across various emotion induction contexts (picture viewing task, sound listening task, and imagery task). Significant similarities were exclusively observed between SCR and arousal in the picture viewing task. However, none of the other physiological measures showed a significant relation with valence and arousal ratings in any of the tasks. These findings are discussed within the framework of the Populations hypothesis, suggesting that physiological responses do not depend on the experienced affect but are directly associated with the context in which they are evoked.
A new strategy for systematically classifying HLA alleles into serological specificities
Authors: Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Marsh Steven G. E. , Holdsworth Rhonda , Heidt Sebastiaan , Fischer Gottfried , Murphey Cathi , Maiers Martin , Fernández Viňa Marcelo A. 
Published: May 2022

HLA serological specificities were defined by the reactivity of HLA molecules with sets of sera and monoclonal antibodies. Many recently identified alleles defined by molecular typing lack their serotype assignment. We surveyed the literature describing the correlation of the reactivity of serologic reagents with AA residues. 20 ‐ 25 AA residues determining epitopes (DEP) that correlated with 82 WHO serologic specificities were identified for HLA class I loci. Thirteen DEP each located in the beta‐1 domains that correlated with 24 WHO serologic specificities were identified for HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 loci. The designation of possible HLA‐DPB1, ‐DQA1, ‐DPA1, and additional serological specificities that result from epitopes defined by residues located at both ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 subunits were also examined. HATS software was developed for automated serotype assignments to HLA alleles in one of the three hierarchical matching criteria: (1) all DEP (FULL); (2) selected DEP specific to each serological specificity (SEROTYPE); (3) one AA mismatch with one or more SEROTYPES (INCOMPLETE). Results were validated by evaluating the alleles whose serotypes do not correspond to the first field of the allele name listed in the HLA dictionary. Additional 85 and 21 DEP patterns that do not correspond to any WHO serologic specificities for common HLA class I and DRB1 alleles were identified, respectively. A comprehensive antibody identification panel would allow for accurate unacceptable antigen listing and compatibility predictions in solid organ transplantation. We propose that antibody‐screening panels should include all serologic specificities identified in this study.
What's the evidence? A review of current instruction and assessment in veterinary surgical education
Authors: Simons Micha C. , Hunt Julie A. , Anderson Stacy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVeterinary surgical education is improved by studying the relevant literature. The aim of this literature review was to report the theory and methods used to provide surgical education to veterinary students; to discuss the training most likely to create a competent general practitioner; and to review assessment methods for simulated and live surgeries. The literature reviewed demonstrates that new graduates are expected to perform small animal sterilization, dental extraction, onychectomy, abscess treatment, aural hematoma repair, and mass removal with little or no supervision. Students require repetitive practice to reach competence; some practice can take place in a clinical skills laboratory on models or cadavers. When training novices, distributing practice over a longer time improves retention, but months without practice causes skills to decay. Suturing skills may be taught on models at a ratio of 1 instructor per 10 students. Veterinary students require 6‐10 repetitions of each small animal sterilization surgery to reach competence; however, learning curves for other surgeries have not been established. Assessment of surgical skills has been undertaken using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and observed model and live surgeries. Additional validated rubrics are needed in the field. Surgical educators are urged to continue to search for innovative ways to foster deliberate practice, assess skill, and provide feedback for students.
Strain-Limiting Substrates Based on Nonbuckling, Prestrain-Free
Mechanics for Robust Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Maoyi , Liu Hao , Cao Peng , Chen Bin , Hu Jianqiao , Chen Yuli , Pan Bing , Fan Jonathan A. , Li Rui , Zhang Lijuan , Su Yewang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stretchable electronics based on inorganic materials are an innovative technology with potential applications for many emerging electronic devices, due to their combination of stretchable mechanics and high electronic performance. The compliant elastomeric substrate, on which the brittle electronic components are mounted, plays a key role in achieving stretchability. However, conventional elastomeric substrates can undergo excessive mechanical deformation, which can lead to active component failure. Here, we introduce a simple and novel strategy to produce failure-resistant stretchable electronic platforms by bonding a thin film of stiff material, patterned into a serpentine network layout, to the elastomeric substrate. No prestraining of the substrate is required, and these systems offer sharp bilinear mechanical behavior and high ratio of tangent-to-elastic moduli. We perform comprehensive theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies on the nonbuckling-based prestrain-free design, and we analyze the key parameters impacting the mechanical behavior of a strain-limiting substrate. As a device-level demonstration, we experimentally fabricate and characterize skin-mountable stretchable copper (Cu) electrodes for electrophysiological monitoring. This study paves the way to high performance stretchable electronics with failure-resistant designs.
Cerebral Aneurysm Wall Stress After Coiling Depends on Morphology and
Coil Packing Density
Authors: Pichamuthu Joseph E. , Feroze Rafey A. , Chung Timothy K. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Vorp David A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Endovascular coil embolization is now widely used to treat cerebral aneurysms (CA) as an alternative to surgical clipping. It involves filling the aneurysmal sac with metallic coils to reduce flow, induce clotting, and promote the formation of a coil/thrombus mass which protects the aneurysm wall from hemodynamic forces and prevents rupture. However, a significant number of aneurysms are incompletely coiled leading to aneurysm regrowth and/or recanalization. Computational models of aneurysm coiling may provide important new insights into the effects of intrasaccular coil and thrombus on aneurysm wall stresses. Porcine blood and platinum coils were used to construct an in vitro coil thrombus mass (CTM) for mechanical testing. A uniaxial compression test was performed with whole blood clots and CTM, with coil packing densities (CPDs) of 10%, 20%, and 30% to obtain compressive stress/strain responses. A fourth-order polynomial mechanical response function was fit to the experimentally obtained stress/strain responses for each CPD in order to represent their mechanical properties for computational simulations. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) geometries of three aneurysms with simple geometry and four with complex geometry were reconstructed from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images. The CPDs were digitally inserted in the aneurysm geometries and finite element modeling was used to determine transmural peak/mean wall stress (MWS) with and without coil packing. Reproducible stress/strain curves were obtained from compression testing of CTM and the polynomial mechanical response function was found to approximate the experimental stress/strain relationship obtained from mechanical testing to a high degree. An exponential increase in the CTM stiffness was observed with increasing CPD. Elevated wall stresses were found throughout the aneurysm dome, neck, and parent artery in simulations of the CAs with no filling. Complete, 100% filling of the aneurysms with whole blood clot and CPDs of 10%, 20%, and 30% significantly reduced MWS in simple and complex geometry aneurysms. Sequential increases in CPD resulted in significantly greater increases in MWS in simple but not complex geometry aneurysms. This study utilizes finite element analysis to demonstrate the reduction of transmural wall stress following coil embolization in patient-specific computational models of CAs. Our results provide a quantitative measure of the degree to which CPD impacts wall stress and suggest that complex aneurysmal geometries may be more resistant to coil embolization treatment. The computational modeling employed in this study serves as a first step in developing a tool to evaluate the patient-specific efficacy of coil embolization in treating CAs.
Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology Based Multi-Objective Optimization on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics Powered With Ternary Fuel
Authors: Ashok A. , Gugulothu S.K. , Reddy Ragireddy Venkat , Ravi H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine combustion characteristics using jatropha oil blended with diesel as the high reactivity and n-amyl alcohol as the low reactivity fuel in various proportions by volume. Response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to forecast the operating parameters such as fuel injection timing (FIT), fuel injection pressure (FIP), and engine load. This ideal model is used to obtain the maximum combustion pressure and reduce the emission of unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for different fuel blends. For an RCCI engine fueled with B20/1-pentanol fuel, the impact of various factors such as engine load, FIT, and FIP are analyzed based on an L20 orthogonal array. With the help of the results obtained from experiments, various models were developed and validated. The ideal engine parameters found out were 71% of engine load, FIP of 400 bar, and 27 °bTDC, and under this configuration, the maximum cylinder pressure is achieved. The ternary fuel develops higher maximum pressures of combustion than that of pure diesel at higher loading conditions, pressures of fuel injection, and advanced injection timings. At lower loading conditions, fuel injection pressures and ignition delay are noticed, whereas peak pressure decreases. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA), a statistically valid test, is used to develop a regression model, and the test results indicate that the regression model is appropriate for the following R2 values obtained.
Kinematic-Geometric Lubrication Theory and Its Application to Arc-Toothed Cylindrical Worm Drive
Authors: Meng Qingxiang , Zhao Yaping , Cui Jian , Mu Shibo , Li Gongfa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The kinematic-geometric lubrication theory, which combines the results from the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and the meshing theory for gearing, is put forward for a line-conjugate gear drive to investigate its global intrinsic lubricating characteristics to guide its geometric design. The investigation concerning the global lubricating characteristics of the gear drive can be well utilized to seek the lubricating weak zone in the whole meshing zone and to determine the reasonable operating parameters for it. The relationship between the lubricating angle and sliding angle is made clear, and the lubricating angle is recommended to determine the lubricating weak point. The kinematic-geometric coefficient of oil film thickness is proposed to evaluate preliminarily the lubricating characteristics of the gear drive. This theory is applied to the arc-toothed cylindrical worm drive, and it is discovered that there is one path of lubricating weak points on the tooth surfaces. The path is from the worm gear addendum to dedendum and is almost impossible to be eliminated via analysis and research. The path is roughly located in the middle of the worm gear tooth surface, and a lubricating weak zone exists around this path whose area roughly accounts for one-third of the whole meshing zone.
Impact of Varying the Number of Heat Exchangers Used in the Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Unit on the Thermal Performance
Authors: Korti Abdel Illah Nabil , Guellil Hocine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Latent heat thermal energy storage is one of the most relevant methods allowing to provide a solution of the energy supply–demand dilemma. A novel structure of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit is designed and manufactured, with multireduced finned U-tubes heat exchangers, while the phase change material is filled in the tube and air flows through the finned surfaces. To increase the stored thermal energy and improve the thermal performance of the latent heat thermal energy storage unit, this experimental study suggests varying the number of reduced heat exchangers used instead increasing the size of a heat exchanger. By using paraffin as phase change material and air as a heat transfer fluid, the thermal charging and discharging characteristics of the storage unit were analyzed. Parameters of thermal performances including temperature distribution of phase change material, heat stored/released, thermal storage efficiency, effectiveness evolution, and total charging/discharging time were analyzed. The experimental results show that using two and three heat exchangers can increase the stored energy by 207% and 298% compared to that using one heat exchanger, respectively. The average effectiveness is increased by 125% and 199%. The designed LHTES unit provides more flexibility and adaptability for real application, and it has a wide application prospect in the fields of air conditioning and solar energy storage.
Detached Eddy Simulation of the Unsteady Flow and Film Cooling Characteristics of an Endwall With an Interrupted Slot
Authors: Du Qiang , Xu Guangyao , Xu Qingzong , Wang Pei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The flows close to a high-pressure turbine endwall are highly three-dimensional and unsteady. These flows increase the aerodynamic loss and augment the heat transfer. In this paper, the unsteady flows and film cooling characteristics of an endwall were studied by using the Detached eddy simulation (DES). First, the unsteady flows and film cooling characteristics of a slot on a flat plate were studied at three different coolant mass flow ratios. A comparison of the experimental and numerical results showed that the DES offered an improved ability to capture the distribution of film cooling effectiveness. The aerothermal characteristics of the interrupted slot on a vane endwall were then studied. By analyzing the unsteady flow as well as the mixing process, it was found that the shedding vortices produced by the step lip played a dominant role in the film cooling distribution and the formation of the horseshoe vortex. The coupling of the shedding vortices with the horseshoe vortex had an important influence on the film effectiveness on the endwall. Finally, the effect of the axial distance between the interrupted slot and the vane leading edge on the formation of the horseshoe vortex was further studied. The instantaneous vorticity contours showed that varying the axial position of the interrupted slot affected the development of the horseshoe vortex. As the axial distance increased, the horseshoe vortex disappeared periodically and then reappeared. As the axial distance decreased, the horseshoe vortex retained a steady pattern upstream of the vane leading edge.
Biallelic mutations inARMC12cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans and mice
Authors: Liu Wensheng , Wei Xiaoli , Liu Xiaoyan , Chen Gaowen , Zhang Xiaoya , Liang Xiaomei , Isachenko Vladimir , Sha Yanwei , Wang Yifeng 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAsthenozoospermia is a major factor contributing to male infertility. The mitochondrial sheath (MS), an important organelle in the midpiece of spermatozoa, is crucial to sperm motility. ARMC12 is a mitochondrial peripheral membrane protein. Deletion ofArmc12impairs the arrangement of MS and causes infertility in mice. However, the role ofARMC12in human asthenozoospermia remains unknown.ObjectiveTo study the genetic defects in patients with asthenozoospermia.MethodsA total of 125 patients with asthenozoospermia and 120 men with proven fertility were recruited. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for genetic analysis. Papanicolaou staining, HE staining, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the morphological and structural defects of the spermatozoa and testes.Armc12-knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to treat the patients.ResultsBiallelicARMC12mutations were identified in three patients, including homozygous mutations in two siblings from a consanguineous family and compound heterozygous mutations in one sporadic patient. ARMC12 is mainly expressed in the midpiece of elongated and late spermatids in the human testis. The patients’ spermatozoa displayed multiple midpiece defects, including absent MS and central pair, scattered or forked axoneme and incomplete plasma membrane. Spermatozoa fromArmc12-/-mice showed parallel defects in the midpiece. Moreover, two patients were treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection and achieved good outcomes.ConclusionOur findings prove for the first time that defects inARMC12cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans.