bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study
Authors: Lescinsky Haley , Afshin Ashkan , Ashbaugh Charlie , Bisignano Catherine , Brauer Michael , Ferrara Giannina , Hay Simon I. , He Jiawei , Iannucci Vincent , Marczak Laurie B. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Mullany Erin C. , Parent Marie C. , Serfes Audrey L. , Sorensen Reed J. D. , Aravkin Aleksandr Y. , Zheng Peng , Murray Christopher J. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCharacterizing the potential health effects of exposure to risk factors such as red meat consumption is essential to inform health policy and practice. Previous meta-analyses evaluating the effects of red meat intake have generated mixed findings and do not formally assess evidence strength. Here, we conducted a systematic review and implemented a meta-regression—relaxing conventional log-linearity assumptions and incorporating between-study heterogeneity—to evaluate the relationships between unprocessed red meat consumption and six potential health outcomes. We found weak evidence of association between unprocessed red meat consumption and colorectal cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Moreover, we found no evidence of an association between unprocessed red meat and ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. We also found that while risk for the six outcomes in our analysis combined was minimized at 0 g unprocessed red meat intake per day, the 95% uncertainty interval that incorporated between-study heterogeneity was very wide: from 0–200 g d−1. While there is some evidence that eating unprocessed red meat is associated with increased risk of disease incidence and mortality, it is weak and insufficient to make stronger or more conclusive recommendations. More rigorous, well-powered research is needed to better understand and quantify the relationship between consumption of unprocessed red meat and chronic disease.
Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study
Authors: Dai Xiaochen , Gil Gabriela F. , Reitsma Marissa B. , Ahmad Noah S. , Anderson Jason A. , Bisignano Catherine , Carr Sinclair , Feldman Rachel , Hay Simon I. , He Jiawei , Iannucci Vincent , Lawlor Hilary R. , Malloy Matthew J. , Marczak Laurie B. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Morikawa Larissa , Mullany Erin C. , Nicholson Sneha I. , O’Connell Erin M. , Okereke Chukwuma , Sorensen Reed J. D. , Whisnant Joanna , Aravkin Aleksandr Y. , Zheng Peng , Murray Christopher J. L. , Gakidou Emmanuela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts have evaluated the dose–response relationship between smoking and a diverse range of health outcomes systematically and comprehensively. In the present study, we re-estimated the dose–response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty. Among the 36 selected outcomes, 8 had strong-to-very-strong evidence of an association with smoking, 21 had weak-to-moderate evidence of association and 7 had no evidence of association. By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking. These estimates provide important information for tobacco control advocates, policy makers, researchers, physicians, smokers and the public.
Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy , Batterham Rachel L. , Bhatta Meena , Buscemi Silvio , Christensen Louise N. , Frias Juan P. , Jódar Esteban , Kandler Kristian , Rigas Georgia , Wadden Thomas A. , Wharton Sean ,   the STEP 5 Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe STEP 5 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo (both plus behavioral intervention) for long-term treatment of adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related comorbidity, without diabetes. The co-primary endpoints were the percentage change in body weight and achievement of weight loss of ≥5% at week 104. Efficacy was assessed among all randomized participants regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue intervention. From 5 October 2018 to 1 February 2019, 304 participants were randomly assigned to semaglutide 2.4 mg (n = 152) or placebo (n = 152), 92.8% of whom completed the trial (attended the end-of-trial safety visit). Most participants were female (236 (77.6%)) and white (283 (93.1%)), with a mean (s.d.) age of 47.3 (11.0) years, body mass index of 38.5 (6.9) kg m–2 and weight of 106.0 (22.0) kg. The mean change in body weight from baseline to week 104 was −15.2% in the semaglutide group (n = 152) versus −2.6% with placebo (n = 152), for an estimated treatment difference of −12.6 %-points (95% confidence interval, −15.3 to −9.8; P < 0.0001). More participants in the semaglutide group than in the placebo group achieved weight loss ≥5% from baseline at week 104 (77.1% versus 34.4%; P < 0.0001). Gastrointestinal adverse events, mostly mild-to-moderate, were reported more often with semaglutide than with placebo (82.2% versus 53.9%). In summary, in adults with overweight (with at least one weight-related comorbidity) or obesity, semaglutide treatment led to substantial, sustained weight loss over 104 weeks versus placebo. NCT03693430
The Africans in America study demonstrates that subclinical cardiovascular risk differs by etiology of abnormal glucose tolerance
Authors: Wentzel Annemarie , Duhuze Karera M. Grace , Patterson Arielle C. , Waldman Zoe C. , Schenk Blayne R. , Mabundo Lilian S. , DuBose Christopher W. , Horlyck-Romanovsky Margrethe F. , Sumner Anne E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbnormal-glucose tolerance (Abnl-GT) is due to an imbalance between β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) and is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In sub-Saharan Africa, β-cell failure is emerging as an important cause of Abnl-GT (Abnl-GT-β-cell-failure). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and hyperlipidemia are major contributors to CVD risk when Abnl-GT is due to IR (Abnl-GT-IR). Yet, the CVD profile associated with Abnl-GT-β-cell failure is unknown. Therefore, our goals in 450 African-born Blacks (Male: 65%; Age: 39 ± 10 years; BMI 28 ± 5 kg/m2), living in America were to: (1) determine Abnl-GT prevalence and etiology; (2) assess by Abnl-GT etiology, associations between four understudied subclinical CVD risk factors in Africans: (a) subclinical myocardial damage (high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT)); (b) neurohormonal regulation (N-terminal pro-Brain-natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)); (c) coagulability (fibrinogen); (d) inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)), as well as HbA1c, Cholesterol/HDL ratio and VAT. Glucose tolerance status was determined by the OGTT. IR was defined by the threshold at the lowest quartile for the Matsuda Index (≤ 2.97). Abnl-GT-IR required both Abnl-GT and IR. Abnl-GT-β-cell-failure was defined as Abnl-GT without IR. VAT was assessed by CT-scan. For both the Abnl-GT-β-cell-failure and Abnl-GT-IR groups, four multiple regression models were performed for hs-cTnT; NT-proBNP; fibrinogen and hsCRP, as dependent variables, with the remaining three biomarkers and HbA1c, Cholesterol/HDL and VAT as independent variables. Abnl-GT occurred in 38% (170/450). In the Abnl-GT group, β-cell failure occurred in 58% (98/170) and IR in 42% (72/170). VAT and Cholesterol/HDL were significantly lower in Abnl-GT-β-cell-failure group vs the Abnl-GT-IR group (both P < 0.001). In the Abnl-GT-β-cell-failure group: significant associations existed between hscTnT, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, and HbA1c (all P < 0.05), and none with Cholesterol/HDL or VAT. In Abnl-GT-IR: hs-cTnT, fibrinogen and hsCRP significantly associated with Cholesterol/HDL (all P < 0.05) and NT-proBNP inversely related to fibrinogen, hsCRP, HbA1c, Cholesterol/HDL, and VAT (all P < 0.05). The subclinical CVD risk profile differed between Abnl-GT-β-cell failure and Abnl-GT-IR. In Abnl-GT-β-cell failure subclinical CVD risk involved subclinical-myocardial damage, hypercoagulability and increased inflammation, but not hyperlipidemia or visceral adiposity. For Abnl-GT-IR, subclinical CVD risk related to subclinical myocardial damage, neurohormonal dysregulation, inflammation associated with hyperlipidemia and visceral adiposity.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00001853.
Development and large-scale validation of the Watch Walk wrist-worn digital gait biomarkers
Authors: Chan Lloyd L. Y. , Choi Tiffany C. M. , Lord Stephen R. , Brodie Matthew A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital gait biomarkers (including walking speed) indicate functional decline and predict hospitalization and mortality. However, waist or lower-limb devices often used are not designed for continuous life-long use. While wrist devices are ubiquitous and many large research repositories include wrist-sensor data, widely accepted and validated digital gait biomarkers derived from wrist-worn accelerometers are not available yet. Here we describe the development of advanced signal processing algorithms that extract digital gait biomarkers from wrist-worn devices and validation using 1-week data from 78,822 UK Biobank participants. Our gait biomarkers demonstrate good test–retest-reliability, strong agreement with electronic walkway measurements of gait speed and self-reported pace and significantly discriminate individuals with poor self-reported health. With the almost universal uptake of smart-watches, our algorithms offer a new approach to remotely monitor life-long population level walking speed, quality, quantity and distribution, evaluate disease progression, predict risk of adverse events and provide digital gait endpoints for clinical trials.
N-glycosylation of cervicovaginal fluid reflects microbial community, immune activity, and pregnancy status
Authors: Wu Gang , Grassi Paola , MacIntyre David A. , Molina Belen Gimeno , Sykes Lynne , Kundu Samit , Hsiao Cheng-Te , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Bennett Phillip R. , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) is a complex, functionally important and glycan rich biological fluid, fundamental in mediating physiological events associated with reproductive health. Using a comprehensive glycomic strategy we reveal an extremely rich and complex N-glycome in CVF of pregnant and non-pregnant women, abundant in paucimannose and high mannose glycans, complex glycans with 2–4 N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) antennae, and Poly-LacNAc glycans decorated with fucosylation and sialylation. N-glycosylation profiles were observed to differ in relation to pregnancy status, microbial composition, immune activation, and pregnancy outcome. Compared to CVF from women experiencing term birth, CVF from women who subsequently experienced preterm birth showed lower sialylation, which correlated to the presence of a diverse microbiome, and higher fucosylation, which correlated positively to pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration. This study is the first step towards better understanding the role of cervicovaginal glycans in reproductive health, their contribution to the mechanism of microbial driven preterm birth, and their potential for preventative therapy.
Empathy and correct mental state inferences both promote prosociality
Authors: Lehmann Konrad , Böckler Anne , Klimecki Olga , Müller-Liebmann Christian , Kanske Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a world with rapidly increasing population that competes for the earth’s limited resources, cooperation is crucial. While research showed that empathizing with another individual in need enhances prosociality, it remains unclear whether correctly inferring the other’s inner, mental states on a more cognitive level (i.e., mentalizing) elicits helping behavior as well. We applied a video-based laboratory task probing empathy and a performance measure of mentalizing in adult volunteers (N = 94) and assessed to which extent they were willing to help the narrators in the videos. We replicate findings that an empathy induction leads to more prosocial decisions. Crucially, we also found that correct mentalizing increases the willingness to help. This evidence helps clarify an inconsistent picture of the relation between mentalizing and prosociality.
Association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia in Chinese women with diabetes in pregnancy and influence factors
Authors: He Jing , Song Jiayang , Zou Zhijie , Fan Xiaoxiao , Tian Ruixue , Xu Jingqi , Yan Yu , Bai Jinbing , Chen Zhen , Liu Yanqun , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) and hypoglycemia (NH) in Chinese women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), and the influencing factors. All the data were collected July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2020, and 10,558 Chinese women with DIP and live births were included. Two separate multivariate binary stepwise forward logistic regression analysis calculated OR with 95% CI. The prevalence rates of NHB and NH was respectively 3.65% and 5.82% among women with DIP. The comorbidity of both diseases was 0.59%. NH were 1.81 times (OR 1.81, 1.19–2.76) more likely to have hyperbilirubinemia. NHB is positively correlated with NH (OR 1.93, 1.27–2.92). Increased gestational age has a protective effect on both NH (OR 0.76, 0.68–0.85) and NHB (OR 0.80, 0.69–0.92). Abnormal placental morphology is related to NH (OR 1.55, 1.16–2.08) and NHB (OR 1.64, 1.10–2.45). Regarding neonatal outcomes, congenital heart disease (CHD) (OR 2.16, 1.25–3.73; and OR 10.14, 6.47–15.90) was a risk factor for NH and NHB. NHB and NH were significantly correlated in women with DIP. The offspring of DIP with multiple risk factors have a significantly increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes identify nuanced dietary changes from the Bronze and Iron Ages on the Great Hungarian Plain
Authors: McCall Ashley , Gamarra Beatriz , Carlson Kellie Sara Duffett , Bernert Zsolt , Cséki Andrea , Csengeri Piroska , Domboróczki László , Endrődi Anna , Hellebrandt Magdolna , Horváth Antónia , Király Ágnes , Kiss Krisztián , Koós Judit , Kovács Péter , Köhler Kitti , Szolnoki László , Zoffmann Zsuzsanna K. , Sirak Kendra , Szeniczey Tamás , Dani János , Hajdu Tamás , Pinhasi Ron 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ15N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than in the Iron Age. Interestingly, the Füzesabony have carbon values typical of C4 vegetation indicating millet consumption, or that of a grain with comparable δ13C ratios, which corroborates evidence from outside the GHP for its early cultivation during the Middle Bronze Age. Finally, our results also suggest locally diverse subsistence economies for GHP Scythians.
In situ synthesis of hierarchically-assembled three-dimensional ZnS nanostructures and 3D printed visualization
Authors: Lim Taehwan , Seol Seung Kwon , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Huh Yang Hoon , Jung Yeonwoong , Chung Hee-Suk , Kim Jung Han 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanomaterials have gained enormous interest in improving the performance of energy harvest systems, biomedical devices, and high-strength composites. Many studies were performed fabricating more elaborate and heterogeneous nanostructures then the structures were characterized using TEM tomographic images, upgrading the fabrication technique. Despite the effort, intricate fabrication process, agglomeration characteristic, and non-uniform output were still limited to presenting the 3D panoramic views straightforwardly. Here we suggested in situ synthesis method to prepare complex and hierarchically-assembled nanostructures that consisted of ZnS nanowire core and nanoparticles under Ag2S catalyst. We demonstrated that the vaporized Zn and S were solidified in different shapes of nanostructures with the temperatures solely. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of synthesizing heterogeneous nanostructures, consisting of a nanowire from the vapor–liquid–solid and then nanoparticles from the vapor–solid grown mechanism by in situ temperature control. The obtained hierarchically-assembled ZnS nanostructures were characterized by various TEM technologies, verifying the crystal growth mechanism. Lastly, electron tomography and 3D printing enabled the nanoscale structures to visualize with centimeter scales. The 3D printing from randomly fabricated nanomaterials is rarely performed to date. The collaborating work could offer a better opportunity to fabricate advanced and sophisticated nanostructures.
Role of Klebsiella pneumoniae Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in long-term gastrointestinal colonization
Authors: Merciecca Thomas , Bornes Stéphanie , Nakusi Laurence , Theil Sébastien , Rendueles Olaya , Forestier Christiane , Miquel Sylvie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractType VI secretion systems (T6SS), recently described in hypervirulentK. pneumoniae(hvKp) strains,are involved in bacterial warfare but their role in classical clinical strains (cKp) has been little investigated.In silico analysis indicated the presence of T6SS clusters (from zero to four), irrespective of the strains origin or virulence, with a high prevalence in theK. pneumoniaespecies (98%). In the strain CH1157, two T6SS-apparented pathogenicity islands were detected, T6SS-1 and -2, harboring a phospholipase-encoding gene (tle1) and a potential new effector-encoding gene namedtke(Type VIKlebsiellaeffector). Tle1 expression inEscherichia coliperiplasm affected cell membrane permeability. T6SS-1 isogenic mutants colonized the highest gastrointestinal tract of mice less efficiently than their parental strain, at long term. Comparative analysis of faecal 16S sequences indicated that T6SS-1 impaired the microbiota richness and its resilience capacity. Oscillospiraceae family members could be specific competitors for the long-term gut establishment ofK. pneumoniae.
Investigating the role of common and rare variants in multiplex multiple sclerosis families reveals an increased burden of common risk variation
Authors: Everest Elif , Ahangari Mohammad , Uygunoglu Ugur , Tutuncu Melih , Bulbul Alper , Saip Sabahattin , Duman Taskin , Sezerman Ugur , Reich Daniel S. , Riley Brien P. , Siva Aksel , Tahir Turanli Eda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated common risk variants as well as candidate low-frequency and rare variants have been identified; however, approximately half of MS heritability remains unexplained. We studied seven multiplex MS families, six of which with parental consanguinity, to identify genetic factors that increase MS risk. Candidate genomic regions were identified through linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping, and fully penetrant, rare, and low-frequency variants were detected by exome sequencing. Weighted sum score and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses were conducted in MS families (24 affected, 17 unaffected), 23 sporadic MS cases, 63 individuals in 19 non-MS control families, and 1272 independent, ancestry-matched controls. We found that familial MS cases had a significantly higher common risk variation burden compared with population controls and control families. Sporadic MS cases tended to have a higher PRS compared with familial MS cases, suggesting the presence of a higher rare risk variation burden in the families. In line with this, score distributions among affected and unaffected family members within individual families showed that known susceptibility alleles can explain disease development in some high-risk multiplex families, while in others, additional genetic contributors increase MS risk.
Rats use strategies to make object choices in spontaneous object recognition tasks
Authors: Ross T. W. , Easton A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRodent spontaneous object recognition (SOR) paradigms are widely used to study the mechanisms of complex memory in many laboratories. Due to the absence of explicit reinforcement in these tasks, there is an underlying assumption that object exploratory behaviour is ‘spontaneous’. However, rodents can strategise, readily adapting their behaviour depending on the current information available and prior predications formed from learning and memory. Here, using the object-place-context (episodic-like) recognition task and novel analytic methods relying on multiple trials within a single session, we demonstrate that rats use a context-based or recency-based object recognition strategy for the same types of trials, depending on task conditions. Exposure to occasional ambiguous conditions changed animals’ responses towards a recency-based preference. However, more salient and predictable conditions led to animals exploring objects on the basis of episodic novelty reliant on contextual information. The results have important implications for future research using SOR tasks, especially in the way experimenters design, analyse and interpret object recognition experiments in non-human animals.
Deep supervision and atrous inception-based U-Net combining CRF for automatic liver segmentation from CT
Authors: Lv Peiqing , Wang Jinke , Zhang Xiangyang , Shi Changfa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to low contrast and the blurred boundary between liver tissue and neighboring organs sharing similar intensity values, the problem of liver segmentation from CT images has not yet achieved satisfactory performance and remains a challenge. To alleviate these problems, we introduce deep supervision (DS) and atrous inception (AI) technologies with conditional random field (CRF) and propose three major improvements that are experimentally shown to have substantive and practical value. First, we replace the encoder's standard convolution with the residual block. Residual blocks can increase the depth of the network. Second, we provide an AI module to connect the encoder and decoder. AI allows us to obtain multi-scale features. Third, we incorporate the DS mechanism into the decoder. This helps to make full use of information of the shallow layers. In addition, we employ the Tversky loss function to balance the segmented and non-segmented regions and perform further refinement with a dense CRF. Finally, we extensively validate the proposed method on three public databases: LiTS17, 3DIRCADb, and SLiver07. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method achieved increased segmentation accuracy for the livers with low contrast and the fuzzy boundary between liver tissue and neighboring organs and is, therefore, more suited for automatic segmentation of these livers.