bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking and COVID-19: A Bane on Motherhood
Authors: Sankhyan Nishat , Jindal Deepti Garg , Multani Rupinder Kaur , Gautam Swati , Thakur Akshita Singh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe harmful effects of tobacco have been well known, studied and advertised, however tobacco is still consumed in different forms by all genders. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is double trouble, considering the already high-risk state of the pregnant female. Smoking in pregnancy and current COVID-19 scenario poses additional challenge to mother and fetus. Nicotine and toxins including carbon monoxide have been proposed to cause maternal and fetal perilous impacts. More studies are needed to find various abnormalities associated with smoking in pregnancy.
Magnetic communication by polarization helicity modulation using atomic magnetometers
Authors: Fan Isaac , Knappe Svenja , Gerginov Vladislav 
Published: May 2022

The radio frequency telecommunication at a kilohertz range through an electrically conductive medium is often impeded by the strong reflection and absorption at the interface. The polarization helicity of the magnetic field can be modulated/demodulated to provide a new communication protocol to potentiality circumvent these issues. Here, a miniature magnetic quantum receiver, capable of simultaneously discriminating the two possible helicities of a magnetic field, is presented. The core physics package constitutes two optically pumped atomic magnetometers. It is shown that a data rate of 500 bits/s with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz can be efficiently demodulated in an unshielded environment, paving a promising route for the future of radio frequency communication through a conductive barrier.
Encapsulation of essential oils of rosemary (
Authors: Mousapour Ali , Salarmoini Mohamad , Afsharmanesh Mohsen , Ebrahimnejad Hadi , Meimandipour Amir , Amiri Negin 
Published: May 2022

Context Dietary supplementation with phytobiotics may form part of an alternative strategy to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the poultry industry. Essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) may have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Aims The aims were to evaluate in vitro characteristics of non-encapsulated and encapsulated rosemary essential oils, and to investigate their effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens. Methods Essential oil main components were determined, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay methods were applied for determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, respectively. In an in vivo study of performance, 1-day-old male chicks (n = 420) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments with five replicates of 12 birds in a completely randomised experimental design. Treatments were control (basal) diet, and basal diet supplemented with chitosan (encapsulating agent) at 150 mg/kg, encapsulated and non-encapsulated rosemary essential oils at both 150 and 300 mg/kg, and the antibiotic flavophospholipol at 650 mg/kg. Key results Non-encapsulated essential oil had stronger antioxidant activity than the encapsulated form (IC50 values 0.969 and 1.879 mg/mL, respectively). Non-encapsulated essential oil had greater antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, whereas the encapsulated form was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus. During the whole growing period of the in vivo study, supplementation with different levels of non-encapsulated or encapsulated essential oils significantly (P < 0.01) improved bodyweight gain and feed conversation ratio compared with control and antibiotic diets. Furthermore, feed intake in birds receiving essential oils (150 or 300 mg/kg) was lower (P < 0.01) than in other groups. Villus height was increased (P < 0.01) in birds supplemented with essential oils compared with all other treatments. Ileal coliform count was lower in birds supplemented with non-encapsulated essential oil at 150 mg/kg than in birds fed the control diet. Conclusion Use of non-encapsulated rosemary essential oils at 150 mg/kg is recommended. Encapsulation did not provide additional benefits for most parameters. Implications Rosemary essential oils offer a potential replacement to conventional antibiotics in poultry nutrition, reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and presence of antibiotic residues in animal tissues.
Focused ultrasound excites action potentials in mammalian peripheral neurons in part through the mechanically gated ion channel PIEZO2
Authors: Hoffman Benjamin U. , Baba Yoshichika , Lee Stephen A. , Tong Chi-Kun , Konofagou Elisa E. , Lumpkin Ellen A. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Modulation of peripheral nervous system (PNS) activity has shown promise in treating a wide range of diseases, from epilepsy to rheumatoid arthritis. Clinically, stimulation of nerves is most commonly delivered through invasive and risk-laden surgical electrode placement. Noninvasive technologies for PNS modulation can both increase safety and expand modulation application to various disease stages. Recent studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of noninvasive neuromodulation of brain circuits with ultrasound. This study identifies reliable protocols and molecular mechanisms for stimulating action potentials from individual peripheral neurons in the mammalian nervous system. These findings reveal the translational potential of ultrasound to effectively modulate the PNS through intrinsic neuronal mechanisms.
A nuclear quadrupolar spin quantum heat engine
Authors: Çakmak Selçuk , Altintas Ferdi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We give an implementable scheme which uses intrinsic quadrupolar nuclear spin interactions to harvest efficient energy from a quantum Otto cycle. We employ realistic parameter regimes for the 23Na nucleus in sodium nitrate. The processes of the cycle are accomplished by orienting the sample with respect to the static magnetic field. The effects of stroke duration on the work output and efficiency are revealed in detail. Finite-time adiabatic transformations leading to quantum friction are found to substantially reduce cycle outputs which are stimulated from the non-secular parts of the quadrupolar interaction. An estimation for the power output at maximum efficiency is also given. We show that with the precise control and manipulation of the intrinsic nuclear spin interactions, for example in an advanced nuclear magnetic resonance setup, makes our scheme implement as a powerful quantum Otto cycle.
3D-printed terahertz metamaterial for electromagnetically induced reflection analogue
Authors: Li Shengnan , Shen Zhonglei , Yin Wei , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the metamaterials has been extensively investigated and applied in light storage, slow-light devices, and nonlinear devices. Most studies on the EIT-like phenomenon have been focused on the transmissive devices instead of reflective devices. Here we have proposed a 3D reflective metamaterial composed of two horizontal bars and a vertical bar (VB) to unfold the EIT-like effect in the terahertz frequency. Both computational simulation and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the coupling between the bright and dark mode starts when the structure symmetry is broken by the offset of the VB, giving rise to a transparency window in the reflection spectra. The EIT-like phenomenon can also be tailored by the lateral displacement of the VB. By combining the projection micro-stereolithography 3D printing and electron beam evaporation coating technology, two illustrative metamaterials are manufactured to characterize the EIT phenomenon. The reflection spectra measured by THz-TDS agree well with the theoretical results and validate the 3D design mechanism of reflective EIT-like devices. Our results unveil a practical and facile approach to designing and fabricating reflective EIT-like metamaterials and shed light on its potential application in multifunctional terahertz devices.
Spin splitting in monoperiodic systems described by magnetic line groups
Authors: Egorov Sergei A , Litvin Daniel B , Bandura Andrei V , Evarestov Robert A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper we report the classification of all the 81 magnetic line group families into seven spin splitting prototypes, in analogy to the similar classification previously reported for the 1651 magnetic space groups, 528 magnetic layer groups, and 394 magnetic rod groups. According to this classification, electrically induced (Pekar–Rashba) spin splitting is possible in the antiferromagnetic structures described by magnetic line groups of type I (no anti-unitary operations) and III, both in the presence and in the absence of the space inversion operation. As a specific example, a group theoretical analysis of spin splitting in CoO (8, 8) nanotube is carried out and its predictions are confirmed by ab initio density functional theory calculations.
The novel sandwich composite structure: a new detection strategy for the ultra-sensitive detection of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Tianran , Gao Weiye , Zhu Chushu , Sha Pengxing , Dong Peitao , Wu Xuezhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study presents a novel sandwich composite structure that was designed for the ultra-sensitive detection of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). Au nanorod arrays (Au NRAs) were prepared and bound to 10−7 M 6-MNA as adsorption sites for RDX, while Au nanorods (Au NRs) were modified using 10−5 M 6-MNA as SERS probes. During detection, RDX molecules connect the SERS probe to the surface of the Au NRAs, forming a novel type of Au NRAs-RDX-Au NRs ‘sandwich’ composite structure. The electromagnetic coupling effect between Au NRs and Au NRAs is enhanced due to the molecular level of the connection spacing, resulting in new ‘hot spots’. Meanwhile, Au NRAs and Au NRs have an auto-enhancement effect on 6-MNA. In addition, the presence of charge transfer in the formed 6-MNA-RDX complex induced chemical enhancement. The limits of detection of RDX evaluated by Raman spectroscopy using 6-MNA were as low as 10−12 mg ml−1 (4.5 × 10−15 M) with good linear correlation between 10−12 and 10−8 mg ml−1 (correlation coefficient R
2 = 0.9985). This novel sandwich composite structure accurately detected RDX contamination in drinking water and on plant surfaces in an environment with detection limits as low as 10−12 mg ml−1 and 10−8 mg ml−1.
Chemical fabrication, structural characterization and photocatalytic water splitting application of Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Jain Sapan K , Pandit Nayeem Ahmad , Fazil Mohd , Ali Syed Asim , Ahmed Jahangeer , Alshehri Saad M , Mao Yuanbing , Ahmad Tokeer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years due to their enabling nature to convert solar energy into fuels of renewable hydrocarbon. However, many of them suffer from some drawbacks like the inability to visible light irradiation and wide band gaps. Herein, we have synthesized monophasic strontium (Sr) doped SnO2 nanoparticles by a cost-effective and environmental friendly hydrothermal method. As-synthesized nanoparticles showed rutile crystalline structure with irregular and rough cubical shape and no other elemental impurities. Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles show a constant decrease in bandgap with increasing dopant concentration, which is estimated for excellent photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic water splitting of as-prepared Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for H2 generation shows a large influence of the increasing dopant concentration related to the narrowing bandgap on H2 generation rate. Hence, the tunable bandgap with adjusted dopant concentration indicates that band gap tuning through doping for produced nanostructures may open up a new opportunities for photocatalytic and other optoelectronic applications.
A randomised trial evaluating mask ventilation using electrical impedance tomography during anesthetic induction: one-handed technique versus two-handed technique
Authors: Gao Lingling , Zhu Yun , Pan Congxia , Yin Yuehao , Zhao Zhanqi , Yang Li , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Mask positive-pressure ventilation could lead to lung ventilation inhomogeneity, potentially inducing lung function impairments, when compared with spontaneous breathing. Lung ventilation inhomogeneity can be monitored by chest electrical impedance tomography (EIT), which could increase our understanding of mask ventilation-derived respiratory mechanics. We hypothesized that the two-handed mask holding ventilation technique resulted in better lung ventilation, reflected by respiratory mechanics, when compared with the one-handed mask holding technique. Approach. Elective surgical patients with healthy lungs were randomly assigned to receive either one-handed mask holding (one-handed group) or two-handed mask holding (two-handed group) ventilation. Mask ventilation was performed by certified registered anesthesiologists, during which the patients were mechanically ventilated using the pressure-controlled mode. EIT was used to assess respiratory mechanics, including ventilation distribution, global and regional respiratory system compliance (C
RS), expiratory tidal volume (TVe) and minute ventilation volume. Hemodynamic parameters and the PaO2-FiO2 ratio were also recorded. Main results. Eighty adult patients were included in this study. Compared with spontaneous ventilation, mask positive-pressure ventilation caused lung ventilation inhomogeneity with both one-handed(global inhomogeneity index: 0.40 ± 0.07 versus 0.50 ± 0.15; P < 0.001) and two-handed mask holding (0.40 ± 0.08 versus 0.50 ± 0.13; P < 0.001). There were no differences in the global inhomogeneity index (P = 0.948) between the one-handed and two-handed mask holding. Compared with the one-handed mask holding, the two-handed mask holding was associated with higher TVe (552.6 ± 184.2 ml versus 672.9 ± 156.6 ml, P = 0.002) and higher global C
RS (46.5 ± 16.4 ml/cmH2O versus 53.5 ± 14.5 ml/cmH2O, P = 0.049). No difference in PaO2-FiO2 ratio was found between both holding techniques (P = 0.743). Significance. The two-handed mask holding technique could not improve the inhomogeneity of lung ventilation when monitored by EIT during mask ventilation although it obtained larger expiratory tidal volumes than the one-handed mask holding technique.
Abnormality classification from electrocardiograms with various lead combinations
Authors: Xu Zhuoyang , Guo Yangming , Zhao Tingting , Zhao Yue , Liu Zhuo , Sun Xingzhi , Xie Guotong , Li Yichong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. As cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, early and accurate diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities for a lower cost becomes particularly important. Given electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets from multiple sources, there exist many challenges to the development of generalized models that can identify multiple types of cardiac abnormalities from both 12-lead ECG signals and reduced-lead ECG signals. In this study, our objective is to build robust models that can accurately classify 30 types of abnormalities from various lead combinations of ECG signals. Approach. Given the challenges of this problem, we propose a framework for building robust models for ECG signal classification. Firstly, a preprocessing workflow is adopted for each ECG dataset to mitigate the problem of data divergence. Secondly, to capture the lead-wise relations, we use a squeeze-and-excitation deep residual network as our base model. Thirdly, we propose a cross-relabeling strategy and apply the sign-augmented loss function to tackle the corrupted labels in the data. Furthermore, we utilize a pos-if-any-pos ensemble strategy and a dataset-wise cross-evaluation strategy to handle the uncertainty of the data distribution in the application. Main results. In the Physionet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021, our approach achieved the challenge metric scores of 0.57, 0.59, 0.59, 0.58, 0.57 on 12-, 6-, 4-, 3- and 2-lead versions and an averaged challenge metric score of 0.58 over all the lead versions. Significance. Using the proposed framework, we have developed the models from several large datasets with sufficiently labeled abnormalities. Our models are able to identify 30 ECG abnormalities accurately based on various lead combinations of ECG signals. The performance on hidden test data demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Neural networks for quantum inverse problems
Authors: Cao Ningping , Xie Jie , Zhang Aonan , Hou Shi-Yao , Zhang Lijian , Zeng Bei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum inverse problem (QIP) is the problem of estimating an unknown quantum system from a set of measurements, whereas the classical counterpart is the inverse problem of estimating a distribution from a set of observations. In this paper, we present a neural-network-based method for QIPs, which has been widely explored for its classical counterpart. The proposed method utilizes the quantumness of the QIPs and takes advantage of the computational power of neural networks to achieve remarkable efficiency for the quantum state estimation. We test the method on the problem of maximum entropy estimation of an unknown state ρ from partial information both numerically and experimentally. Our method yields high fidelity, efficiency and robustness for both numerical experiments and quantum optical experiments.
V505 Cyg: A Mass-transferring Marginal Contact Binary
Authors: Chang Lin-Feng , Zhu Li-Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-precision photometric data of V505 Cyg from TESS and one spectrum observed by us are presented in this work, and the stellar atmospheric parameters of the primary component were derived via spectral fitting. Applying the Wilson–Devinney code, the photometric elements were computed for the first time. The results show V505 Cyg is a near contact binary with the primary filling its Roche Lobe and the secondary a little under-filling, along with the temperature difference of about ΔT = 1900 K between the two components. The eclipse is total and lasts for about 90 minutes, which is about 0.1 phase, so the photometric results are reliable. This system belongs to near-contact binaries with the light curves enhanced around the left shoulder of the secondary minimum, which can be explained by a hot spot on the secondary components due to mass transfer, via a stream from the primary components hitting the facing surface of the secondary components. Meanwhile, we conducted an orbital period investigation of it in detail. The orbital period study based on all times of minimum including 230 new ones determined by us reveals a secular period decreasing at the rate of dP/dt = −2.31 × 10−7
d · yr−1. The decrease of the orbital period can be the result of mass transfer between the components, agreeing well with the configuration and the asymmetric light curves of V505 Cyg. V505 Cyg is therefore another rare example of mass transferring marginal contact binary lying on the rapid evolutionary stage predicted by the Thermal Relaxation Oscillation theory. With the orbital period decrease, V505 Cyg will evolve into an overcontact binary.
Initial Ni-56 Masses in Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Bora Zsófia , Vinkó József , Könyves-Tóth Réka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We infer initial masses of the synthesized radioactive nickel-56 in a sample of recent Type Ia supernovae applying a new formalism introduced recently by Khatami & Kasen. It is shown that the nickel masses we derive do not differ significantly from previous estimates based on the traditional Arnett-model. We derive the β parameter for our sample SNe and show that these are consistent with the fiducial value of ∼1.6 given by Khatami & Kasen from SN Ia hydrodynamical simulations.
Realizing number recognition with simulated quantum semi-restricted Boltzmann machine
Authors: Zhang Fuwen , Tan Yonggang , Cai Qing-yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum machine learning based on quantum algorithms may achieve an exponential speedup over classical algorithms in dealing with some problems such as clustering. In this paper, we use the method of training the lower bound of the average log likelihood function on the quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM) to recognize the handwritten number datasets and compare the training results with classical models. We find that, when the QBM is semi-restricted, the training results get better with fewer computing resources. This shows that it is necessary to design a targeted algorithm to speed up computation and save resources.
Fabrication of biomimetic networks using viscous fingering in flexographic printing
Authors: Brumm Pauline , Fritschen Anna , Doß Lara , Dörsam Edgar , Blaeser Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mammalian tissue comprises a plethora of hierarchically organized channel networks that serve as routes for the exchange of liquids, nutrients, bio-chemical cues or electrical signals, such as blood vessels, nerve fibers, or lymphatic conduits. Despite differences in function and size, the networks exhibit a similar, highly branched morphology with dendritic extensions. Mimicking such hierarchical networks represents a milestone in the biofabrication of tissues and organs. Work to date has focused primarily on the replication of the vasculature. Despite initial progress, reproducing such structures across scales and increasing biofabrication efficiency remain a challenge. In this work, we present a new biofabrication method that takes advantage of the viscous fingering phenomenon. Using flexographic printing, highly branched, inter-connective channel structures with stochastic, biomimetic distribution and dendritic extensions can be fabricated with unprecedented efficiency. Using gelatin (5%–35%) as resolvable sacrificial material, the feasability of the proposed method is demonstrated on the example of a vascular network. By selectively adjusting the printing velocity (0.2–1.5 m s−1), the anilox roller dip volume (4.5–24 ml m−2) as well as the shear viscosity of the printing material used (10–900 mPas), the width of the structures produced (30–400 µm) as well as their distance (200–600 µm) can be specifically determined. In addition to the flexible morphology, the high scalability (2500–25 000 mm2) and speed (1.5 m s−1) of the biofabrication process represents an important unique selling point. Printing parameters and hydrogel formulations are investigated and tuned towards a process window for controlled fabrication of channels that mimic the morphology of small blood vessels and capillaries. Subsequently, the resolvable structures were casted in a hydrogel matrix enabling bulk environments with integrated channels. The perfusability of the branched, inter-connective structures was successfully demonstrated. The fabricated networks hold great potential to enable nutrient supply in thick vascularized tissues or perfused organ-on-a-chip systems. In the future, the concept can be further optimized and expanded towards large-scale and cost-efficient biofabrication of vascular, lymphatic or neural networks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.