bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal short‐term oxidation behavior of MAR‐M246 nickel‐based superalloy at 800°C and 1000°C
Authors: Baldan Renato , Latu‐Romain Laurence , Wouters Yves , Chaia Nabil , Alkmin Luciano B. , de Sousa Malafaia Artur M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuperalloys are widely employed at high temperatures for structural applications. Hence, knowledge about the oxidation of these materials is essential. However, the literature is scanty when it comes to some families of superalloys. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the MAR‐M246 polycrystalline alloy in isothermal short‐term tests at 800°C and 1000°C for up to 240 h. Thermodynamic simulations were performed to evaluate the material's phase stability as a function of temperature and to assess the expected phases in response to oxygen pressure. The oxidized samples were characterized by SEM‐EDS and DRX, which revealed a tendency for scaling of oxidized material, particularly at temperatures of 1000°C. Nevertheless, protective layers of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 oxides were formed, which enabled the formation of fairly thin oxide layers, in addition to NiO and complex oxides. The region of the metallic substrate close to the oxide layer underwent aluminum depletion, causing the gamma‐prime phase to disappear, as well as formation of aluminum oxides and titanium nitrides. Last, a good correlation was found between the thermodynamic simulations and the oxides that were formed.
High‐temperature corrosion behavior of S30432 and TP310HCbN coatings in simulated 620°C ultra‐supercritical boiler coal ash/gas environment
Authors: Liu Yugang , Liu Yinhe , Mo Chunhong , Zhang Minqiang , Dong Meng , Pan Shaocheng , Ran Shenming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high‐temperature sulfur corrosion resistance of S30432 and TP310HCbN typically used in the superheater and reheater of a 620°C ultra‐supercritical boiler is investigated in this study. Samples coated with coal ash are placed in a device filled with simulated flue gas at 650°C and 700°C, respectively, for 2000 h. The samples are then analyzed through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. S30432 is mainly oxidized under 650°C and 0.2% SO2 volume concentration, and the weight reduction is 6.6 mg cm−2. However, under 700°C and 0.3% SO2 volume concentration, severe sulfidation reaction occurs, sharply accelerating high‐temperature corrosion. As a result, weight reduction up to 41.8 mg cm−2 occurs. Although sulfidation reaction also occurs in TP310HCbN, there is no serious corrosion; the corrosion rate reduces in the later stages of the experiment, and a weight increase of 2.4 mg cm−2 is observed. After 11 520 h of the actual operation of the 1000 MW 620°C boiler, there is no obvious high‐temperature corrosion in the high‐temperature areas without coke‐block adhesion. These results indicate that S30432 and TP310HCbN satisfy the requirements of 620°C ultra‐supercritical boilers burning high‐sulfur coal.
The intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide may induce neurogenic detrusor overactivity symptoms in mice
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Yang Lei , Tong Yu , Meng Li , Zhou Renyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to explore if the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was able to evoke the cognitive and locomotive impairment and detrusor overactivity (DO) symptoms in mice.MethodsThis study compared the bladder function of mice that received the i.c.v. injection of LPS or saline. Specifically, basal pressure (BP), threshold pressure (TP), micturition pressure (MP), bladder capacity (BC), micturition volume (MV), bladder compliance (COM), frequency of micturition (MF), detrusor overactive index (DOI), frequency of non‐voiding contractions (FNVCs), and amplitude of non‐voiding contractions (ANVCs) were assessed by cystometry. The spontaneous voiding spot assay (VSA) was exerted to further assess the micturition patterns of mice. The Morris water maze (MWM) and the open field test (OFT) were used to detect the cognition and locomotive behaviors, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to evaluate the changes in morphology and histology of mice. The extent of injury in the prefrontal cortex was tested by using Nissl staining.ResultsThe LPS‐treated mice exhibited evidently DO characterized by the increase of MF, FNVCs, ANVCs, and DOI and the decrease of BC. The VSA further suggested that LPS induced urinary frequency and urinary incontinence in mice. Furthermore, neither signs of bladder inflammation nor the damage of bladder smooth muscle and urothelium in LPS‐exposed mice was observed. LPS induced deficits in spatial learning, memory, and locomotor activity in mice. Neuronal cells in the prefrontal cortex were obviously lost in the LPS‐treated mice.ConclusionsAcute neuroinflammation induced the cognitive and locomotive impairment and the neurogenic overactive bladder (NOAB) symptoms in mice. This novel animal model may contribute to further study the mechanisms of NOAB in neurodegenerative patients and assess the novel therapeutic strategies in the future.
Extended LQG/LTR design of disturbance cancelation controllers for a class of output disturbances
Authors: Ishihara Tadashi , Guo Hai‐Jiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study develops an optimal design of the disturbance cancelation controllers for the output disturbances consisting of step, ramp and/or sinusoidal signals. A disturbance model with a particular structure is utilized to handle the three types of disturbance signals in a unified manner. A new quadratic performance index is introduced for the deviation from steady‐state behavior of the plant with disturbance. An optimal full‐state feedback control to minimize the new performance index is obtained by the parametric LQ approach with the aid of the explicit solution of related eigenstructure assignment problem. Additionally, an optimal output feedback controller of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) type is constructed using Kalman filter to estimate the plant and disturbance state variables. The classical LQG/LTR procedure is extended to achieve a systematic two‐step design of optimal disturbance cancelation controllers. A numerical design example is presented to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed design procedure.
Selection of side groups on simple non‐fullerene acceptors for the application in organic solar cells: From flexible to rigid
Authors: Ye Shounuan , Chen Shuaishuai , Zheng Xiangjun , Li Shuixing , Pan Youwen , Chen Yiyao , Fang Jin , Ma Changqi , Wang Dan , Zhang Qisheng , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe side chains on non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) can affect greatly the photovoltaic performances of the resulting organic solar cells (OSCs) by regulating the molecular packing and orientation of NFAs. To explore suitable side groups for asymmetric simple NFAs, in this work, we design and synthesize two A‐D1‐A′‐D2‐A type NFAs, NTC‐4Cl, and PhNTC‐4Cl, which own flexible alkyloxy and rigid aryloxy side chains on the A′ cores, respectively. Due to the same molecular backbone (A′: benzotriazole; D1: thiophene; D2: cyclopentadithiophene; A: dichlorodicyanoindanone), NTC‐4Cl and PhNTC‐4Cl have similar absorptions and energy levels. However, the PhNTC‐4Cl‐based OSC gives a higher power conversion efficiency than that of the NTC‐4Cl‐based one (11.09% vs. 10.82%) because PhNTC‐4Cl shows more compact π–π stacking and dominant face‐on orientation, enhancing charge transport and mitigating charge recombination. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into the molecular design of high‐performance NFAs, especially the rational choice of side groups on asymmetric simple NFAs.
Macrophage‐Targeting Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Decorated with Multifunctional Brush Polymers
Authors: Christau Stephanie , López Ruiz Aida , Habibi Nahal , Witte Judith , Bannon Mark S. , McEnnis Kathleen , Lahann Joerg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the potential of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles functionalized with poly(zwitterion)‐mannose brushes to target macrophages. Uptake studies with RAW 264.7 macrophages indicate that multiple mannose‐binding sites in the grafted brushes facilitate interaction with the mannose receptor of the macrophages, resulting in approximately four times higher cellular uptake than nanoparticles with mannose monolayer coatings. To test the feasibility of the nanoparticles as long‐circulating drug delivery vehicles, their multicomponent aggregation in blood plasma is analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and compared to poly(ethylene glycol)‐coated (PEGylated) particles, which are known to reduce aggregation. There is no significant difference in the aggregation behavior of the poly(zwitterion)‐mannose grafted particles and the PEGylated control particles (≈760 particles in aggregates per 105 particles). In addition, the particle size in blood plasma is compared, which includes the protein corona, after 0, 8, and 15 h. Whereas there is no significant difference at longer time scales, the overall particle size of the poly(zwitterion)‐mannose brush‐grafted nanoparticles is ≈130 nm smaller than that of the PEGylated nanoparticles at shorter time scales, suggesting a smaller protein corona. All these results suggest that poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid nanoparticles functionalized with poly(zwitterion)‐mannose brush grafts may be excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery to macrophages.
Survival after radical prostatectomy versus radiation therapy in clinical node‐positive prostate cancer
Authors: Chierigo Francesco , Borghesi Marco , Würnschimmel Christoph , Flammia Rocco S. , Horlemann Benedikt , Sorce Gabriele , Hoeh Benedikt , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Markus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Chun Felix K. H. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Mantica Guglielmo , Suardi Nazareno , Terrone Carlo , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo compare overall mortality (OM), cancer‐specific mortality (CSM), and other cause mortality (OCM) rates between radical prostatectomy (RP) versus radiotherapy (RT) in clinical node‐positive (cN1) prostate cancer (PCa).Materials and MethodsWithin Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) (2004–2016), we identified 4685 cN1 PCa patients, of whom 3589 (76.6%) versus 1096 (24.4%) were treated with RP versus RT. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models tested the effect of RP versus RT on OM, while cumulative incidence plots and competing‐risks regression (CRR) models addressed CSM and OCM between RP and RT patients. All analyses were repeated after the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). For CSM and OCM analyses, the propensity score was used as a covariate in the regression model.ResultsOverall, RT patients were older, harbored higher prostate‐specific antigen values, higher clinical T and higher Gleason grade groups. PSM resulted in two equally sized groups of 894 RP versus 894 RT patients. After PSM, 5‐year OM, CSM, and OCM rates were, respectively, 15.4% versus 25%, 9.3% versus 17%, and 6.1% versus 8% for RP versus RT (all p < 0.001) and yielded respective multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.63 (0.52–0.78, p < 0.001), 0.66 (0.52–0.86, p < 0.001), 0.71 (0.5–1.0, p = 0.05), all favoring RP. After IPTW, Cox regression models yielded HR of 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–0.66) for OM, and CRR yielded HRs of 0.49 (0.34–0.70) and 0.54 (0.36–0.79) for, respectively, CSM and OCM, all favoring RP (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsRP may hold a CSM advantage over RT in cN1 PCa patients.
βArrestin1 regulates glucocorticoid receptor mitogenic signaling in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Purayil Hamsa Thayele , Daaka Yehia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in males. The disease is initially treated with methods that inhibit androgen receptor (AR) signal transduction. Laboratory‐based and clinical studies have identified alternative pathways that cause the failure of AR signal inhibition and consequent development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is activated in certain PC patients and promotes the emergence of CRPC, although by as yet incompletely understood mechanisms. We have previously demonstrated that ubiquitous βarrestin1 (βArr1) expression levels are linked to PC progression. Here, we consider the possibility that βArr1 interacts with and activates GR in model CRPC cells.MethodsBioinformatic analysis of tumor xenograft and human PC datasets was used to correlate the expression of βArr1 and GR. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, and subcellular fractionation were used to determine protein expression level and localization. Immunoprecipitation was applied to detect protein‐protein interactions. RNA expression levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Prostate sphere analysis was used to assess the rate of growth and invasion. The xenograft tumor implantation method was used to determine the tumor growth rate, local invasion, and metastasis.ResultsElevated expression of βArr1 positively correlated with increased GR expression and function in CRPC xenograft and in human PC patients. βArr1 is expressed in the cell cytosol and nucleus, and it formed a complex with GR in the nucleus and not cytosol. Depletion of βArr1 in AR‐null CRPC cells inhibited GR function and CRPC growth and invasion in both in vitro and in vivo settings.ConclusionsβArr1 binds GR that initiates mitogenic signaling cascades involved in the progression of PC to CRPC. The targeting of the βArr1‐GR axis may provide a new opportunity to better manage the CRPC disease.
Fresh tissue procurement and preparation for multicompartment and multimodal analysis of the prostate tumor microenvironment
Authors: Vitek Ross A. , Huang Wei , Geiger Peter G. , Heninger Erika , Lang Joshua M. , Jarrard David F. , Beebe David J. , Johnson Brian P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstatic cancers include a diverse microenvironment of tumor cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and immune components. This tumor microenvironment (TME) is a known driving force of tumor survival after treatment, but the standard‐of‐care tissue freezing or fixation in pathology practice limit the use of available approaches/tools to study the TME's functionality in tumor resistance. Thus, there is a need for approaches that satisfy both clinical and laboratory endpoints for TME study. Here we present methods for clinical case identification, tissue processing, and analytical workflow that are compatible with standard histopathology while enabling molecular and functional interrogation of prostate TME components.MethodsWe first performed a small retrospective review to identify cases where submission of alternate prostate tissue slices and a parallel live tissue processing protocol complement traditional histopathology and enable viable multicompartment analysis of the TME. Then, we tested its compatibility with commonly employed methods to study the microenvironment including quantification of components both in situ and after tissue dissociation. We also evaluated tissue digestion conditions and cell isolation techniques to aid various molecular and functional endpoints.ResultsWe identified Gleason Grade Group 3+ clinical cases where tumor volume was sufficient to allow slicing of unfixed tissue and distribution of alternating tissue slices to standard‐of‐care histopathology and viable multi‐modal TME analyses. No single method was found that preserved cellular sub‐types for all downstream readouts; instead, tissues were further divided so techniques could be catered to each endpoint. For instance, we show that incorporating the protease dispase into tissue dissociation improves viability for culture and functional analyses but hinders immune cell analysis by flow cytometry. We also found that flow activated cell sorting provides highly pure cell populations for quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA‐seq while isolation using antibody‐labeled paramagnetic particles facilitated functional coculture experiments.ConclusionsThe identification of candidate cases and use of these techniques enable translational research and the development of molecular and functional assays to facilitate prostate TME study without compromising standard‐of‐care histopathological diagnosis. This allows bridging clinical histopathology and further interrogation of the prostate TME and promises to advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil new predictive and prognostic markers of prostate cancer progression.
The affinity and selectivity of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants and antipsychotics for the human α2A, α2B, and α2C‐adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Proudman Richard G.W. , Akinaga Juliana , Baker Jillian G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstractα2‐Adrenoceptors, subdivided into α2A, α2B, and α2C subtypes and expressed in heart, blood vessels, kidney, platelets and brain, are important for blood pressure, sedation, analgesia, and platelet aggregation. Brain α2C‐adrenoceptor blockade has also been suggested to be beneficial for antipsychotic action. However, comparing α2‐adrenoceptor subtype affinity is difficult due to significant species and methodology differences in published studies. Here, 3H‐rauwolscine whole cell binding was used to determine the affinity and selectivity of 99 α‐antagonists (including antidepressants and antipsychotics) in CHO cells expressing human α2A, α2B, or α2C‐adrenoceptors, using an identical method to β and α1‐adrenoceptor measurements, thus allowing direct human receptor comparisons. Yohimbine, RX821002, RS79948, and atipamezole are high affinity non‐selective α2‐antagonists. BRL44408 was the most α2A‐selective antagonist, although its α1A‐affinity (81 nM) is only 9‐fold greater than its α2C‐affinity. MK‐912 is the highest‐affinity, most α2C‐selective antagonist (0.15 nM α2C‐affinity) although its α2C‐selectivity is only 13‐fold greater than at α2A. There are no truely α2B‐selective antagonists. A few α‐ligands with significant β‐affinity were detected, for example, naftopidil where its clinical α1A‐affinity is only 3‐fold greater than off‐target β2‐affinity. Antidepressants (except mirtazapine) and first‐generation antipsychotics have higher α1A than α2‐adrenoceptor affinity but poor β‐affinity. Second‐generation antipsychotics varied widely in their α2‐adrenoceptor affinity. Risperidone (9 nM) and paliperidone (14 nM) have the highest α2C‐adrenoceptor affinity however this is only 5‐fold selective over α2A, and both have a higher affinity for α1A (2 nM and 4 nM, respectively). So, despite a century of yohimbine use, and decades of α2‐subtype studies, there remains plenty of scope to develop α2‐subtype selective antagonists.
Microporous Multiresonant Plasmonic Meshes by Hierarchical Micro–Nanoimprinting for Bio‐Interfaced SERS Imaging and Nonlinear Nano‐Optics
Authors: Garg Aditya , Mejia Elieser , Nam Wonil , Nie Meitong , Wang Wei , Vikesland Peter , Zhou Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroporous mesh plasmonic devices have the potential to combine the biocompatibility of microporous polymeric meshes with the capabilities of plasmonic nanostructures to enhance nanoscale light–matter interactions for bio‐interfaced optical sensing and actuation. However, scalable integration of dense and uniformly structured plasmonic hotspot arrays with microporous polymeric meshes remains challenging due to the processing incompatibility of conventional nanofabrication methods with flexible microporous substrates. Here, scalable nanofabrication of microporous multiresonant plasmonic meshes (MMPMs) is achieved via a hierarchical micro‐/nanoimprint lithography approach using dissolvable polymeric templates. It is demonstrated that MMPMs can serve as broadband nonlinear nanoplasmonic devices to generate second‐harmonic generation, third‐harmonic generation, and upconversion photoluminescence signals with multiresonant plasmonic enhancement under fs pulse excitation. Moreover, MMPMs are employed and explored as bio‐interfaced surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy mesh sensors to enable in situ spatiotemporal molecular profiling of bacterial biofilm activity. Microporous mesh plasmonic devices open exciting avenues for bio‐interfaced optical sensing and actuation applications, such as inflammation‐free epidermal sensors in conformal contact with skin, combined tissue‐engineering and biosensing scaffolds for in vitro 3D cell culture models, and minimally invasive implantable probes for long‐term disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
Iron Selenide‐Based Heterojunction Construction and Defect Engineering for Fast Potassium/Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Kong Zhen , Wang Lu , Iqbal Sikandar , Zhang Bo , Wang Bin , Dou Jianmin , Wang Fengbo , Qian Yitai , Zhang Meng , Xu Liqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuitable anode materials with high capacity and long cycling stability, especially capability at high current densities, are urgently needed to advance the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a porous Ni‐doped FeSe2/Fe3Se4 heterojunction encapsulated in Se‐doped carbon (NF11S/C) is designed through selenization of MOFs precursor. The porous composite possesses enriched active sites and facilitates transport for both ion and electron. Ni‐doping is adopted to enrich the lattice defects and active sites. The Se–C bond and carbon framework endow integrity of the composite and hamper aggregation of selenide nano‐particles during potassiation/de‐potassiation. The NF11S/C exhibits exceptional rate performance and ultra‐long cycling stability (177.3 mA h g−1 after 3050 cycles at 2 A g−1 for PIBs and 208.8 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 8 A g−1 for SIBs). The potassiation/de‐potassiation mechanism is investigated via ex‐situ X‐ray powder diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectrocopy and Raman analysis. PTCDA//NF11S/C full cell stably cycles for 1200 cycles at 200 mA g−1 with a capacity of 103.7 mA h g−1, indicating the high application potential of the electrode for highly stable rechargeable batteries.
Ruthenium Complex of sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang , Liang Ying , Wu Daoxiong , Tian Hao , Xia Tian , Wang Wenxin , Xie Weiyu , Hu Xin‐Ming , Tian Xinlong , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is still a great challenge to explore hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts with both lower overpotential and higher stability in acidic electrolytes. In this work, an efficient HER catalyst, Ru@COF‐1, is prepared by complexation of triazine‐cored sp2 carbon‐conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with ruthenium ion. Ru@COF‐1 possesses high crystallinity and porosity, which are beneficial for electrocatalysis. The large specific surface area and regular porous channels of Ru@COF‐1 facilitate full contact between reactants and catalytic sites. The nitrogen atoms of triazines are protonated in the acidic media, which greatly improve the conductivity of Ru@COF‐1. This synergistic effect makes the overpotential of Ru@COF‐1 about 200 mV at 10 mA cm–2, which is lower than other reported COFs‐based electrocatalysts. Moreover, Ru@COF‐1 exhibits exceptionally electrocatalytic durability in the acidic electrolytes. It is particularly stable and remains highly active after 1000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that tetracoordinated Ru‐N2Cl2 moieties are the major contributors to the outstanding HER performance. This work provides a new idea for developing protonated HER electrocatalysts in acidic media.