bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific nutrition evaluation of patients with advanced chronic liver disease: Development and validation
Authors: Boulhosa Ramona S. S. B. , Côrtes Daniela M. , de M. Cunha Carla , Oliveira Lucivalda P. M. , Lyra André C. , de Jesus Rosângela P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is frequently identified in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD), and its early identification is necessary for effective nutrition treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a tool for specific nutrition evaluation of patients with ACLD (SNE‐ACLD).MethodsSNE‐ACLD was developed by consensus among experts using Delphi technique. The initial proposal for the SNE‐ACLD had six domains (history of weight loss, changes in food intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, changes in functional capacity, presence of complications of liver disease, and a nutrition‐focused physical examination) and 11 items. Fifteen experts participated in content validation. In a cross‐sectional study design, the new tool was applied to 129 inpatients and outpatients from a gastrohepatology unit. Nutrition status was evaluated with SNE‐ACLD and subjective global assessment by one researcher. Content validation and semantic analysis were obtained by content validity index. To verify accuracy of SNE‐ACLD, the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated.ResultsAfter five evaluative sequences conducted by experts, experts excluded the domain for history of weight loss and its respective item. The final version of SNE‐ACLD consists of five domains and 10 items. The new instrument showed good accuracy in identifying any level of malnutrition (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76–0.91) and severe malnutrition (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79–1.00).ConclusionSNE‐ACLD can be used in nutrition assessment of patients with liver disease. Future works should investigate its agreement with other methods and its predictive value.
Delayed tension hemothorax after chest trauma in children
Authors: Piastra Marco , Ferrari Vittoria , Morena Tony C. , Picconi Enzo , Conti Giorgio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlunt chest injury is commonly observed in the Pediatric Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit since up to 30% of children with traumatic injury sustain injury to the thorax. Differently from adults, who present with concomitant rib or sternoclavicular fractures in 70% of cases, more than half of childhood chest injuries occur without any bone fracture, mostly causing lung contusions. This lower rate of rib fractures and near absence of flail chest in children may be due to greater elasticity of the pediatric cartilaginous and bony skeleton. Whenever a rib fracture is present, underlying complications should be evaluated carefully (i.e., air leaks or blood effusions). Depending on the trauma mechanism, even minor injuries should raise the suspicion of pathologic bone fractures.
Diagnostic accuracy of point‐of‐care ultrasound compared to standard‐of‐care methods for endotracheal tube placement in neonates
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Ali Khushboo Q. , Tessaro Mark O. , Ansari Uzair , Morris Shaun , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Merali Hasan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable tool to determine endotracheal tube (ETT) placement; however, few studies have compared it with standard confirmation methods. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS and time‐to‐interpretation for correct identification of tracheal versus esophageal intubations compared to a composite of standard‐of‐care methods in neonates.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. All required intubations were performed as per NICU guidelines. The clinical team simultaneously determined the ETT placement using standard‐of‐care methods (auscultation, colorimetric capnography, and chest X‐ray) by POCUS. In addition, the clinical team was blinded to the POCUS images. Timings were recorded for each method by independent study staff.ResultsA total of 348 neonates were enrolled in the study. More than half (58%) of intubations were in an emergency scenario. POCUS user interpretation showed 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity using an expert as the reference standard. We found a 99.4% agreement (Kappa: 0.96; p < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of POCUS compared with at least two standard‐of‐care methods demonstrated 99.7% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and 98.9% agreement (Kappa:0.93; p < 0.001). The median time required for POCUS interpretation was 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0–4.0) seconds for tracheal intubation. The time recorded for auscultation and capnography was 6.0 (IQR 5.0–7.0) and 3.0 (IQR 3.0–4.0), respectively.ConclusionPOCUS is a rapid and reliable method of identifying ETT placement in neonates. Early and correct identification of airway management is critical to save lives and prevent mortality and morbidity.
Combined effects of soil moisture and microphysical perturbations on convective clouds and precipitation for a locally forced case over Central Europe
Authors: Baur Florian , Keil Christian , Barthlott Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo study the combined impact of soil moisture and microphysical perturbations on convective clouds and precipitation over Central Europe, an ensemble of five dozen real‐world weather prediction forecasts was conducted with the COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdeling (COSMO) model at convection‐permitting resolution for a case with weak large‐scale forcing (6 June 2016). We find a large sensitivity of precipitation, ranging from +10% to 23% in 12‐hr precipitation totals. While the homogeneous soil‐moisture bias of 25% primarily controls the timing of convection initiation and the amount of surface rainfall, the number of cloud condensation nuclei and width of the cloud droplet size distribution mainly control the number, size, and lifetime of convective clouds. In moisture‐limited conditions, mainly positive couplings are acting. Drier soils, cleaner air, and a broader cloud droplet size distribution result in less rainfall. Wetter soils and more polluted conditions lead to fewer, but larger, cloud clusters. Since microphysical process rates depend systematically on the sign of the perturbations, but rainfall does not, there are compensating effects at work that buffer microphysical perturbations directly and impact the cloud condensate amount and the rainfall at the ground.
Investigation of Novel Mucorales Fungal Inhibitors: Synthesis, In‐Silico Study and Anti‐Fungal Potency of Novel Class of Coumarin‐6‐Sulfonamides‐Thiazole and Thiadiazole Hybrids
Authors: Sabt Ahmed , Abdelrahman Mohamad T. , Abdelraof Mohamed , Rashdan Huda R. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of coumarin‐6‐sulfonamides derivatives bearing a thiazole and thiadiazole scaffold were synthesized, their chemical structures were inferred from correct spectral and microanalytical data. All the newly synthesized compounds have been screened for their ability to prevent the proliferation of Mucor racemosus, Syncephalastrum racemosum in vitro. The most potent compounds were chosen to determine the MIC value in compared to the standard antifungal agent (Posaconazole). Remarkably, an excellent anti‐mucormycosis was obtained by compounds known as 8 d, and 8 d with MIC value close to that observed by the standard Posaconazole. Amolecular. Docking study was performed where compounds 3, 5 a, 5 d, 8 d, 8 e, 10 c and 10 e were docked against the fungal enzyme sterol 14‐alpha demethylase (CYP51) “PDB id: 5FSA”. In silico, compounds 8 d & 8 e showed the best docking by forming 3H bonds and free binding energy (12.2 & 12 K cal/mol) close to the binding energy (12.2 K cal/mol) of the co‐crystalized inhibitor (posconazol. From wet lab and dry lab results, one can recommend compounds 8 d & 8 e for further antifungal drug development.
Critical review of bio‐inspired data optimization techniques: An image steganalysis perspective
Authors: Johnvictor Anita Christaline , Amalanathan Austin Joe , Pariti Venkata Ramya Meghana , Jethi Nishtha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImage steganalysis involves the discovery of secret information embedded in an image. The common method is blind image steganalysis, which is a two‐class classification problem. Blind steganalysis extracts all possible feature variations in an image due to embedding, select the most appropriate feature data, and then classifies the image. The dimensionality of the extracted image features are high and demand data reduction to identify the most relevant features and to aid accurate classification of an image. The classification is under two classes namely, clean (cover) image and stego (image with embedded secret data) image. Since the classification accuracy depends on selection of most appropriate features, opting for the best data reduction or data optimization algorithms becomes a prime requisite. Research shows that most of the statistical optimization techniques converge to local minima and lead to less classification accuracy as compared to bio‐inspired methods. Bio‐inspired optimization methods obtain improved classification accuracy by reducing the high‐dimensional image features. These methods start with an initial population and then optimize them in steps till a global optimal point is reached. Examples of such methods include Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), Fire Fly Algorithm (FFA), and literature shows around 54 such algorithms. Bio‐inspired optimization has been applied in various fields of design optimization and is novel to image steganalysis. This article analyses the various bio‐inspired optimization techniques and their accuracy in image steganalysis pertaining to the discovery of embedded information in both JPEG and spatial domain steganalysis.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Ternary antimonide NaCd4Sb3: hydride synthesis, crystal structure and transport properties
Authors: Courteau Brittany , Gvozdetskyi Volodymyr , Lee Shannon , Cox Tori , Zaikina Julia V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new compound NaCd4Sb3 (R
m, a=4.7013(1) Å, c=35.325(1), Å, Z=3, T=100 K) featuring the RbCd4As3 structure type has been discovered in the Na−Cd−Sb system, in addition to the previously reported NaCdSb phase. NaCd4Sb3 and NaCdSb were herein synthesized using sodium hydride as the source of sodium. The hydride method allows for targeted sample composition, improved precursor mixing, and an overall quicker synthesis time when compared to traditional methods using Na metal as a precursor. The NaCd4Sb3 structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and contained the splitting of a Cd site not seen in previous isostructural phases. NaCd4Sb3 decomposes into NaCdSb plus melt at 766 K, as determined via in‐situ high‐temperature PXRD. The electronic structure calculations predict the NaCd4Sb3 phase to be semi‐metallic, which compliments the measured thermoelectric property data, indicative of a p‐type semi‐metallic material. The crystal structure, elemental analysis, thermal properties, and electronic structure are herein discussed in further detail.
Citizenship Learning: Contextual, Material and Political
Authors: Kontinen Tiina , Holma Katariina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on three intertwined dimensions central to contemporary studies of citizenship: the material, the cultural and the political. Based on these, it develops an account of citizenship learning that draws on socio-cultural and socio-material theories of learning and emphasizes everyday encounters and practices as spaces central to learning citizenship. It illustrates with examples from African contexts how contextual, material and political dimensions of citizenship manifest themselves in practices wherein citizenship is performed and learned. In conclusion, it suggests an account of citizenship learning which locates learning in the dynamic interaction between individuals and their cultural, social and material environments and is embedded in the specific social, economic and political conditions of a given society and state.
Ext4
Authors: Nordvik Rune 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Ext4 file system is often used by Android cell phones and by Linux distributions. As a mobile forensic expert, it is necessary to understand the structures of this file system to recover data, verify tool results, and detect anti-forensics techniques that may be present in the file system. In this chapter, we will have a deep dive into topics important for an investigation. Many digital forensic tools do not recover much from the Ext4 file system [52], and therefore we show some of the most useful Ext4 recovery techniques proposed by current research.The Ext4 file system is often used by Android1 operating systems, and also by Linux desktop distributions [14], and this file system is open source. The Ext4 file system replaces the Ext2 and Ext3, but it is mostly backwards compatible. Carrier described Ext2 and Ext3 in his File System forensic analysis book [10], which includes information also relevant for Ext4. Fairbanks describes the Ext4 file system at a low level and from a Digital Forensics perspective. This chapter will describe file system information important for mobile forensic investigators and other digital forensic experts.
Forschungsstand zur Stressbewältigung durch Pflegekräfte und empirisches Vorgehen
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 2 wurden zentrale Elemente zu Stress und Stressbewältigung zusammengefasst und daraus wurde ein konzeptionelles Modell abgeleitet. Dieses Modell stellt auch den konzeptionellen Rahmen für die folgenden empirischen Analysen dar und liefert somit das Begriffsverständnis sowie das Verständnis über angenommene Zusammenhänge der Konstrukte. Wie eingangs erwähnt nimmt subjektiv empfundener Stress für die meisten Berufe zu, wobei Pflegekräfte besonders häufig betroffen sind und daher im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen.
Probing heavy charged fermions at e+e− collider using the optimal observable technique
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Jahedi Sahabub , Wudka Jose 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we study the production of color-neutral and singly-charged heavy leptons at the proposed International Linear Collider. We use the optimal observable technique to determine the statistical accuracy to which the coupling of such fermions to the Z gauge boson (vector, axial or chiral) can be measured. We also consider a UV-complete model that contains these particles as well as a dark matter candidate, and consider some observable effects involving both; the correspondence to chargino production in supersymmetric models with heavy sleptons is briefly discussed.
Conformal Vector Fields and Null Hypersurfaces
Authors: Atindogbé Cyriaque , Olea Benjamín 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe give conditions for a conformal vector field to be tangent to a null hypersurface. We particularize to two important cases: a Killing vector field and a closed and conformal vector field. In the first case, we obtain a result ensuring that a null hypersurface is a Killing horizon. In the second one, the vector field gives rise to a foliation of the manifold by totally umbilical hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature which can be spacelike, timelike or null. We prove several results which ensure that a null hypersurface with constant null mean curvature is a leaf of this foliation.
Detectability of Retinal Diffusion Restriction in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion is Linked to Inner Retinal Layer Thickness
Authors: Siebert E. , Rossel-Zemkouo M. , Villringer K. , Neumann K. , Bohner G. , Danyel L. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate retinal microstructure differences in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) patients with and without visible retinal diffusion restriction (RDR) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).

Methods
Consecutive CRAO patients with available optical coherence tomography (OCT) and DWI, both performed within 7 days after symptom onset, were included in a retrospective cohort study. The OCT scans were reviewed to assess retinal layer thickness, optical intensity and structural integrity. The OCT findings were compared between patients with and without visible RDR on DWI using Mann-Whitney U or Pearson’s Χ2 test.

Results
A total of 56 patients (mean age 70.8 ± 12.8 years) were included. RDR was observed in 38 subjects (67.9%) with visually correlating low ADC map in 26 of 38 cases (68.4%). Superior and inferior parafoveal macular thickness measurements (SMT, IMT) of RDR negative patients were significantly lower when compared to RDR+ patients (370.5 ± 43.8 µm vs. 418.2 ± 76.0 µm, p = 0.016; 374.4 ± 42.9 µm vs. 428.8 ± 63.2 µm, p = 0.004) due to differences in inner retinal layer thickness (IRLT, 188.8 ± 34.4 µm vs. 234.7 ± 49.0 µm, p = 0.002). IRLT values of RDR negative patients were higher in 1.5T compared to 3T the DWI (205.0 ± 26.0 µm vs. 168.6 ± 32.8 µm, p = 0.026).

Conclusions
Detectability of RDR is likely contingent upon the degree of ischemic retinal swelling in CRAO. Technical adjustments to the DWI protocol, such as increased field strength, may improve visibility of RDR.
COVID-19-Pandemiekrisenstäbe: Organisation, Befugnisse und Herausforderungen – Strukturelle Gegebenheiten verstehen und nutzen
Authors: Klinger Isabell , Heckel Maria , Shahda Sophie , Krisen Ursula , Stellmacher Silke , Kurkowski Sandra , Junghanß Christian , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Im föderalen Deutschland sind Krisenstäbe zentrale Instrumente der Pandemiebewältigung. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, Strukturen und Befugnisse von COVID-19-Pandemiekrisenstäben zu beschreiben, die während einer Studie zur Versorgung Schwerkranker und Sterbender in Pandemiezeiten (PallPan) exploriert wurden. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf gesundheitsbezogenen Krisenstäben von Bund und Ländern (Makroebene), von Landkreisen, kreisfreien Städten und Kommunen (Mesoebene) sowie auf den Krisenstäben einzelner Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung (Mikroebene).

Methoden
Die Mitglieder der Krisenstäbe wurden mittels qualitativer semistrukturierter Interviews (10/2020–02/2021) befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativ strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse.

Ergebnisse
42 Personen berichteten über 43 Krisenstäbe in 14 Bundesländern. Einheitliche Regelungen hinsichtlich der Initiierung, personellen Zusammenstellung, Aufgaben, Zuständigkeiten und Befugnisse von Krisenstäben gibt es in Deutschland nicht. Auf Makroebene werden rechtliche und finanzielle Voraussetzungen zur Pandemiebewältigung geschaffen. Die Hauptverantwortung für die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Gesundheit liegt bei den Krisenstäben der Meso- und Mikroebene selbst. Die Vorgaben der Gesundheitsämter sind dabei maßgeblich für die Krisenstabsarbeit. Zentrale Aufgaben und Maßnahmen bezogen sich auf die Informationsbereitstellung und die Beschaffung und Verteilung von Ressourcen.

Diskussion
Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu Strukturen und Befugnissen von Krisenstäben können Interessenvertretungen dabei helfen, die Anliegen zur Aufrechterhaltung der Gesundheitsversorgung spezifischer Bevölkerungsgruppen, wie beispielsweise schwerkranker und sterbender Menschen, in Pandemiezeiten gezielter zu adressieren.
Artificial intelligence in local governments: perceptions of city managers on prospects, constraints and choices
Authors: Yigitcanlar Tan , Agdas Duzgun , Degirmenci Kenan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly sophisticated capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) have skyrocketed its popularity across many industry sectors globally. The public sector is one of these. Many cities around the world are trying to position themselves as leaders of urban innovation through the development and deployment of AI systems. Likewise, increasing numbers of local government agencies are attempting to utilise AI technologies in their operations to deliver policy and generate efficiencies in highly uncertain and complex urban environments. While the popularity of AI is on the rise in urban policy circles, there is limited understanding and lack of empirical studies on the city manager perceptions concerning urban AI systems. Bridging this gap is the rationale of this study. The methodological approach adopted in this study is twofold. First, the study collects data through semi-structured interviews with city managers from Australia and the US. Then, the study analyses the data using the summative content analysis technique with two data analysis software. The analysis identifies the following themes and generates insights into local government services: AI adoption areas, cautionary areas, challenges, effects, impacts, knowledge basis, plans, preparedness, roadblocks, technologies, deployment timeframes, and usefulness. The study findings inform city managers in their efforts to deploy AI in their local government operations, and offer directions for prospective research.
Equations of state of α-SiC (6H) and βʹ-Mg2Si1.1 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and novel high-pressure magnesium silicide Mg2Si7
Authors: Koemets Iuliia , Ishii Takayuki , Hanfland Michael , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSiC and (Fe, Mg)-silicide are candidate phases forming under reducing conditions in the Earth and planetary interiors. However, structural studies of SiC and Mg2Si at high pressure and their thermal stability are presently lacking. In this work, we applied single-crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at high pressure and determined the equations of state of α-SiC (6H) and βʹ-Mg2Si1.1 up to 60 and 40 GPa, respectively, yielding bulk moduli of 226.0(4) and 56(1) GPa. We also report the formation of a novel orthorhombic Mg2Si7 phase upon laser heating βʹ-Mg2Si1.1 at ~ 45 GPa and 2000 °C [Pbam, a = 7.16(1) Å, b = 12.490(3) Å, c = 2.6545(3) Å, V = 237.5(3) Å3]. The structure of this compound contains layers formed by irregular 12-member silicon rings, which are arranged in channels filled with both Mg and Si atoms. No signs of the Mg2Si7 phase were detected upon releasing the pressure in the DAC, which suggests that this phase is unstable under ambient conditions.
Neonatal injury models: integral tools to decipher the molecular basis of cardiac regeneration
Authors: Costa Alessia , Cushman Sarah , Haubner Bernhard J. , Derda Anselm A. , Thum Thomas , Bär Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMyocardial injury often leads to heart failure due to the loss and insufficient regeneration of resident cardiomyocytes. The low regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is one of the main drivers of heart failure progression, especially after myocardial infarction accompanied by large contractile muscle loss. Preclinical therapies for cardiac regeneration are promising, but clinically still missing. Mammalian models represent an excellent translational in vivo platform to test drugs and treatments for the promotion of cardiac regeneration. Particularly, short-lived mice offer the possibility to monitor the outcome of such treatments throughout the life span. Importantly, there is a short period of time in newborn mice in which the heart retains full regenerative capacity after cardiac injury, which potentially also holds true for the neonatal human heart. Thus, in vivo neonatal mouse models of cardiac injury are crucial to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac regenerative processes and to devise novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseased adult hearts. Here, we provide an overview of the established injury models to study cardiac regeneration. We summarize pioneering studies that demonstrate the potential of using neonatal cardiac injury models to identify factors that may stimulate heart regeneration by inducing endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. To conclude, we briefly summarize studies in large animal models and the insights gained in humans, which may pave the way toward the development of novel approaches in regenerative medicine.