bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to avoid gas clogging in groundwater heat pump systems: a case study from the Lena terrasse system in Melhus, Norway
Authors: Stenvik Lars A. , Gjengedal Sondre , Ramstad Randi K. , Frengstad Bjørn S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVacuum pressures are unfavorable in water pipes since they pose a risk to degassing dissolved gases from the water and air in-leakage. If the water flow rate through the pipeline is too low, gas bubbles will rise to local high points and create stagnant gas pockets. Gas pockets may clog both directly by obstructing the flow cross-section and indirectly by disturbing chemical equilibria. Gas clogging in the Lena terrasse groundwater heat pump system (GWHP) in Melhus, Norway, has been investigated by pressure, temperature, groundwater flow rate, and pump power consumption monitoring data. The GWHP extracts groundwater through a production well, leads it to a heat exchanger at the terrain level, and then re-injects the water through an injection well. It thus operates as a siphon which is prone to vacuum pressures. Analytical tools adapted from hydraulic engineering have been used to identify vacuum pressures and insufficient pipe flow rates to remove gas pockets in the Lena terrasse GWHP. Monitoring data shows that incrustation induced pressure build-up in the injection well filter does not impact the pump production capacity. This indicates gravity driven waterfall flow from the heat exchanger to the injection well, caused by stagnant gas pockets. It is recommended to install a backpressure valve at the end of the injection pipe or multiple narrow injection pipes inside the injection well, and air release valves at the local high points, to ensure the system is kept pressurized and water-filled. The extra required pumping head will approximately equal the overpressure criterion (e.g., 0.5 bar) set at the pressure minimum in the groundwater circuit, which introduces quite modest extra pumping costs per year.
Proper elements for space debris
Authors: Celletti Alessandra , Pucacco Giuseppe , Vartolomei Tudor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProper elements are quasi-invariants of a Hamiltonian system, obtained through a normalization procedure. Proper elements have been successfully used to identifyfamiliesof asteroids, sharing the same dynamical properties. We show that proper elements can also be used within space debris dynamics to identifygroupsof fragments associated to the same break-up event. The proposed method allows to reconstruct the evolutionary history and possibly to associate the fragments to a parent body. The procedure relies on different steps: (i) the development of a model for an approximate, though accurate, description of the dynamics of the space debris; (ii) the construction of a normalization procedure to determine the proper elements; (iii) the production of fragments through a simulated break-up event. We consider a model that includes the Keplerian part, an approximation of the geopotential, and the gravitational influence of Sun and Moon. We also evaluate the contribution of Solar radiation pressure and the effect of noise on the orbital elements. We implement a Lie series normalization procedure to compute the proper elements associated to semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination. Based upon a wide range of samples, we conclude that the distribution of the proper elements in simulated break-up events (either collisions and explosions) shows an impressive connection with the dynamics observed immediately after the catastrophic event. The results are corroborated by a statistical data analysis based on the check of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the computation of the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Characterization of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase activase (Rca) genes in durum wheat
Authors: Nigro Domenica , Giove Stefania L. , Colasuonno Pasqualina , de Pinto Roberta , Marcotuli Ilaria , Gadaleta Agata 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDurum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crop in the Mediterranean area. Its production has been triggered by drought and rising temperature, both affecting the photosynthetic machinery. Rubisco is one of the most important enzymes in plants. Despite its major role in the control of carbon cycle it has a very low efficiency, which is restored by the action of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase (Rca), a protein belonging to the AAA+ family. The main objective of our work was to isolate and characterize Rca genes in durum wheat and determine their phylogeny with other main crops and model species. Besides a genetic and physical position of Rca1 gene was allowed in a RIL mapping population previously developed. In silico analysis, performed in order to understand whether Rca1 gene was differentially expressed under stress condition, highlighted that homoeologous Rca1 genes have different expression levels especially after infections by Zymoseptoria, powdrey mildew and fusarium. A deeper knowledge of Rca genes structures as well as a better understanding of their physiological role in durum wheat might be of greater importance in panning future modern breeding programs to improve crop yield in adverse environmental condition.
Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code
Authors: Zuccarello Daniela , Sorrentino Ugo , Brasson Valeria , Marin Loris , Piccolo Chiara , Capalbo Antonio , Andrisani Alessandra , Cassina Matteo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the different mechanisms that influence gene expression without direct modification of the DNA sequence. An ever-increasing amount of evidence suggests that such regulatory processes may play a pivotal role both in the initiation of pregnancy and in the later processes of embryonic and fetal development, thus determining long-term effects even in adult life. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of epigenetics in pregnancy, from its most studied and well-known mechanisms to the new frontiers of epigenetic regulation, such as the role of ncRNAs and the effects of the gestational environment on fetal brain development. Epigenetic mechanisms in pregnancy are a dynamic phenomenon that responds both to maternal–fetal and environmental factors, which can influence and modify the embryo-fetal development during the various gestational phases. Therefore, we also recapitulate the effects of the most notable environmental factors that can affect pregnancy and prenatal development, such as maternal nutrition, stress hormones, microbiome, and teratogens, focusing on their ability to cause epigenetic modifications in the gestational environment and ultimately in the fetus. Despite the promising advancements in the knowledge of epigenetics in pregnancy, more experience and data on this topic are still needed. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation in pregnancy could in fact prove valuable towards a better management of both physiological pregnancies and assisted reproduction treatments, other than allowing to better comprehend the origin of multifactorial pathological conditions such as neurodevelopmental disorders.
Contrast and verb phrase ellipsis: The case of tautologous conditionals
Authors: Stockwell Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that verb phrase ellipsis requires contrast. The central observation is that ellipsis is ungrammatical in tautologous conditionals; e.g., *If John wins, then he does. Ellipsis is correctly ruled out by a focus-based theory of ellipsis (Rooth 1992a,b), but one that crucially imports focus’s requirement for contrast: an elliptical constituent must have an antecedent that is not merely an alternative to it, but a ‘proper’ alternative. An explanation in terms of contrast failure proves superior to alternative explanations in terms of triviality and matching form. Showing as much catalogues what counts for contrast in ellipsis, encompassing negation, questions, and intensionality. Subjecting ellipsis to a contrast requirement is in direct conflict with the traditional analysis of MaxElide effects (Takahashi and Fox 2005), favouring alternative explanations (e.g., Jacobson 2019a,b), perhaps in terms of contrast itself (Griffiths 2019). Overall, this paper establishes that contrast has explanatory power in ellipsis licensing.
Health-related quality of life in cancer immunotherapy: a systematic perspective, using causal loop diagrams
Authors: Beaulieu Elizabeth , Spanjaart Anne , Roes Ashley , Rachet Bernard , Dalle Stéphane , Kersten Marie José , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Jalali Mohammad S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
System science offers a unique set of tools, including causal loop diagrams (CLDs), for stakeholders to better grasp the complexity of factors surrounding quality of life. Because the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cancer immunotherapy patients exists within an intricate system affected by and affecting many factors across multiple dimensions, the development of a systems-level model can provide a powerful framework to aid the understanding of this complexity. We developed a CLD for HRQoL of cancer immunotherapy patients.

Methods
We first applied a literature-based approach to construct a CLD for patients following immunotherapy. We then iteratively reviewed and enhanced the CLD through interviews with subject matter experts.

Results
Based on the reviewed literature and subject matter expert input, we produced a CLD representing the system surrounding cancer immunotherapy patients’ HRQoL. Several feedback loops are identified that span clinical experiences, oncology teams’ perceptions about immunotherapy, social support structures, and further research and development in cancer immunotherapy, in addition to other components. The CLD enables visualization of thought experiments regarding how a change anywhere in the system can ultimately worsen or improve patients’ HRQoL.

Conclusion
The CLD illustrates the valuable contribution of a systems perspective to quality-of-life research. This systems-based qualitative representation gives insight on strategies to inhibit harmful effects, enhance beneficial effects, and inherent tradeoffs within the system. The CLD identifies gaps in the literature and offers a communication tool for diverse stakeholders. Our research method provides an example for studying the complexities of quality of life in other health domains.
Predicting native Chinese readers’ perception of sentence boundaries in written Chinese texts
Authors: Sun Kun , Lu Xiaofei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe notion of sentencehood in Mandarin Chinese is much less well-defined than in many other languages, with a block of clauses often joined by commas without conjunctions and with the period often occurring at the end of a block of clauses to indicate meaning completeness rather than the completeness of a sentential structure. The potential factors that may affect native Chinese speakers’ judgment of meaning completeness and perception of sentence boundaries have not yet been systematically examined. In light of this research gap, this study investigates the factors that may play a role in native Chinese speakers’ sentence boundary perception. To this end, we conducted text re-punctuation experiments in two separate groups, a training group and a testing group, using different stimuli texts. The stimuli texts were annotated with multiple levels of linguistic information to identify potentially relevant variables that could affect the participants’ sentence boundary perception. Logistic regression and the Bayesian statistical methods were applied to test the potential effects of multiple variables on the participants’ responses. The logistic regression model trained on the data from the training group achieved a high level of accuracy in predicting the responses by the testing group. The model revealed a more important role of semantic information than syntactic information in the participants’ sentence boundary perception. The implications of our findings for understanding the perception of Chinese sentence boundaries are discussed.
A Post-Conjunction Re-Evaluation of the Calibration and Long-term Evolution of the STEREO-A Heliospheric Imagers
Authors: Tappin S. J. , Eyles C. J. , Davies J. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn two earlier articles (Tappin, Eyles and Davies in Solar Phys. 290, 2143, 2015, and Solar Phys. 292, 28, 2017), we used the stellar photometry to determine the calibration parameters and long-term trends of the Heliospheric Imagers (HI) on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). In this article we provide an update on these determinations for the ahead spacecraft (STEREO-A) to incorporate the interval after solar superior conjunction (when STEREO-B was non-operational). We describe the modifications needed to our photometry procedures to accommodate the reduced pointing stability following the switch-off of the spacecraft gyros shortly prior to conjunction. We find a small revision to the absolute levels is required. We also show that the very low rates of degradation (less than 0.2% per year) found in the earlier determinations have continued beyond solar conjunction.
Attachment Style and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Moderate the Impact of Initial and Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Longitudinal Trajectories in a Sample of Italian Women
Authors: Castellini Giovanni , Tarchi Livio , Cassioli Emanuele , Rossi Eleonora , Sanfilippo Giulia , Innocenti Matteo , Gironi Veronica , Scami Irene , Ricca Valdo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has not been clarified yet, with multiple studies warranting a special focus on women and young adults. A sample of 101 Italian women recruited from the general population was evaluated a few weeks before the onset of the pandemic and during the first and the second wave of the pandemic. Depression values at the Brief Symptom Inventory showed an initial increase followed by a stabilization on higher values in respect to the baseline, whereas Phobic Anxiety was stably worsened. Participants with insecure attachment styles and childhood trauma showed higher levels of distress at all timepoints. In many psychopathological domains, moderation analysis showed an unfavorable trend over time for younger participants. The present study seems to confirm a high burden on mental health for women during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting young age, insecure attachment style, and childhood trauma as negative prognostic factors.
CRISPR/Cas13-assisted hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA detection
Authors: Zhang Xiangying , Tian Yuan , Xu Ling , Fan Zihao , Cao Yaling , Ma Yingmin , Li Hao , Ren Feng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
The formation of an intranuclear pool of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the liver is the main cause of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we established highly sensitive and specific methods to detect cccDNA based on CRISPR-Cas13a technology.

Methods
We used plasmid-safe ATP-dependent DNase (PSAD) enzymes and HindIII to digest loose circle rcDNA and double-stranded linear DNA, amplify specific HBV cccDNA fragments by rolling circle amplification (RCA) and PCR, and detect the target gene using CRISPR-Cas13a technology. The CRISPR-Cas13a-based assay for the detection of cccDNA was further clinically validated using HBV-related liver tissues, plasma, whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results
Based on the sample pretreatment step, the amplification step and the detection step, we established a new CRISPR-Cas13a-based assay for the detection of cccDNA. After the amplification of RCA and PCR, 1 copy/μl HBV cccDNA could be detected by CRISPR/Cas13-assisted fluorescence readout. We used ddPCR, qPCR, RCA-qPCR, PCR-CRISPR and RCA-PCR-CRISPR methods to detect 20, 4, 18, 14 and 29 positive samples in liver tissue samples from 40 HBV-related patients, respectively. HBV cccDNA was almost completely undetected in the 20 blood samples of HBV patients (including plasma, whole blood and PBMCs) by the above 5 methods.

Conclusions
We developed a novel CRISPR-based assay for the highly sensitive and specific detection of HBV cccDNA, presenting a promising alternative for accurate detection of HBV infection, antiviral therapy evaluation and treatment guidance.
Refractive Index Sensing Simulations of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots/Gold Bilayer Coated Triangular-Lattice Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Tao Ye , Ye Han , Ding Yong , Ren Xiaomin , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the incorporation of noble metal materials, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) could be performed as an effective platform for refractive index sensing of the filling analytes. Furthermore, by coating functional dielectric layers upon the metal surfaces, the resonance energy transfer is modulated from the core mode of the PCFs towards the surface plasmon resonance mode of the metals, and the sensing performance could be boosted. Here, considering that the exciton-plasmon coupling is efficient between perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and gold, a kind of CsPbBr3 QDs/Au bilayer coated triangular-lattice PCFs has been simulated numerically as the refractive index sensors. With the optimization of the QDs and gold layer thicknesses, together with the variation of the central hole size of the PCFs, in the refractive index (RI) region of 1.26 to 1.34, a rather narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the loss spectra was achieved as 13.74nm when the central hole size was 1.28 µm and the highest figure of merit was 63.79RIU (the central hole size was 1.53 µm). This work demonstrates that the analyte identification accuracy was enhanced by FWHM narrowing of the loss spectra; in addition, taking the abundance of the material choice of perovskite QDs into consideration, more analytes could be detected effectively. Moreover, by adopting asymmetric structures, the sensitivity of the PCFs based refractive index sensors could be further improved.
Reframing professional identity through navigating tensions during residency: A&nbsp;qualitative study
Authors: Santivasi Wil L. , Nordhues Hannah C. , Hafferty Frederic W. , Stelling Brianna E. Vaa , Ratelle John T. , Beckman Thomas J. , Sawatsky Adam P. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Professional identity formation (PIF) is the internalization of characteristics, values, and norms of the medical profession. An individual’s identity formation has both psychological and sociological influences. Social psychology may be useful to explore the interactions between the psychological and sociological aspects of PIF. In this study, we explored how resident physicians navigated tensions between professional ideals and the reality of medical practice to characterize PIF during residency training.
Methods Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with internal medicine residents. Interview transcripts were processed through open coding and analytic memo writing. During data gathering and analysis, the authors utilized Social Cognitive Theory, specifically the bidirectional influence between person, behavior, and context, to analyze relationships among themes. Theoretical insights were refined through group discussion and constant comparison with newly collected data.
Results Residents described tensions experienced during residency between pre-existing ideals of “a good doctor” and the realities of medical practice, often challenging residents to reframe their ideals. The authors provide evidence for the presence of dynamic, bidirectional influences between identity (person), behavior, and environment (context), and demonstrate how PIF is informed by a complex interplay between these elements. The authors present two examples to demonstrate how residents reframed their ideals during residency training.
Discussion The complex bidirectional influences between person, behavior, and context, informed by SCT, helps illuminate the process of PIF in residency training. This study highlights the effects of the context of residency training on the development of residents’ professional identities.
The Financial Decisions of Immigrant and Native Households: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Bertocchi Graziella , Brunetti Marianna , Zaiceva Anzelika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing rich Italian data for the period 2006–2014, we analyze differences in financial behavior between natives and immigrants in a unified setting covering a wide set of outcomes and including a large set of covariates. We document sizeable gaps between native and immigrant households with respect to wealth holdings and financial decisions. Immigrant household heads hold less net wealth than native along the entire wealth distribution. Immigrant status reduces the likelihood of holding risky assets, housing, mortgages, businesses, and valuables, and it increases the likelihood of financial fragility. Standard regression results are corroborated by a propensity score matching strategy. Years since migration, country of origin, and the pattern of intermarriage also matter. The Great Recession has worsened the condition of immigrants in terms of wealth holdings, home ownership, and financial fragility.
Capability development in hybrid organizations: enhancing military logistics with additive manufacturing
Authors: Valtonen Ilari , Rautio Samu , Salmi Mika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) has the potential to revolutionize key aspects of Military Logistics and partnerships between governmental and industrial organizations. Extreme outsourcing of key capabilities has created complex and deep hybrid organizations between armed forces and the private sector. In this study, the internal and external effects and requirements of Additive Manufacturing in the context of the hybrid organization of The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) and its strategic partner in Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul (MRO), and Millog Oy were studied. First, with a literature review, we sought to link the capability development processes and the change drivers within them in both military and commercial contexts. Then, we utilized an existing, structured capability model used by the FDF (DOTMLPFI) and its individual change drivers to form an initial concept of AM as a part of the hybrid organization in question. The initial concept shows that AM can increase the performance of the commercially backed Military Logistic System by mitigating the risks of spare parts shortage in case of supply line disturbances and by facilitating localized spare parts production. However, the different primary goals of the military and commercial organizations and the contractual base of the hybrid organization impose constraints on the capability development process. Administrative decision-making across the organizations and the conflict between maximizing military and commercial potential are the key challenges in maintaining joint-capability systems of hybrid organizations.