bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Workers With Unpredictable Schedules: Implications for Well-Being and Job Retention
Authors: Abrams Leah R , Harknett Kristen , Schneider Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA substantial portion of the service sector workforce is middle-aged or older, but little is known about the scheduling conditions of these older workers. This study describes the quality of work schedules in the service sector by age and tests associations of unpredictable schedules with well-being and job retention among workers ages 50–80.Research Design and MethodsThe Shift Project collected survey data on detailed working conditions and health from 121,408 service sector workers, recruited in 2017–2020 using social media advertisements. Survey weights aligned sample demographics with the American Community Survey, and multiple imputation addressed missingness. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine associations between age and schedule stability, and ordinary least squares, ordinal logit, and logit regression models tested associations between schedule stability and well-being and job retention outcomes for older workers.ResultsScheduling conditions were more stable and predictable for older compared to younger workers; however, more than 80% of workers ages 50–80 experienced one or more types of routine schedule instability. Among workers ages 50–80, unpredictable schedules were associated with psychological distress, poor-quality sleep, work–family conflict, economic insecurity, job dissatisfaction, and intentions to look for a new job. Canceled and back-to-back closing and opening (“clopening”) shifts were most strongly associated with negative outcomes.Discussion and ImplicationsPolicies aimed at improving scheduling conditions hold promise to benefit older service workers’ well-being. As the population ages, improving work schedules in the years approaching retirement may be important to longer working lives.
Low Fecal Calprotectin Predicts Histological Healing in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis with Endoscopic Remission and Leads to Prolonged Clinical Remission
Authors: Kawashima Kousaku , Oshima Naoki , Kishimoto Kenichi , Kataoka Masatoshi , Fukunaga Mai , Kotani Satoshi , Sonoyama Hiroki , Oka Akihiko , Mishima Yoshiyuki , Kazumori Hideaki , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Araki Asuka , Ishihara Shunji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Consensus regarding the cutoff value of fecal calprotectin (FC) for predicting histological healing (HH) in ulcerative colitis (UC) is lacking. This study aimed to determine an optimal FC cutoff value for predicting HH in patients with UC with clinical and endoscopic remission. Furthermore, FC’s predictability for prolonged clinical remission (CR) was investigated.

Methods
Patients with UC in clinical and endoscopic remission, defined as a partial Mayo score (PMS) ≤ 2 points and a Mayo endoscopic subscore 0–1, were prospectively enrolled. Biopsy samples were evaluated by Geboes score (GS), with HH defined as a GS &lt; 2.0. Patients were followed for 2 years or until relapse, defined as a PMS &gt; 2 or medication escalation.

Results
Seventy-six patients with UC were included. The median FC value in patients with HH (n = 40) was 56.2 µg/g, significantly lower than that in those with histological activity (118.1 µg/g; P &lt; .01). The area under the curve (AUC) in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict HH for FC was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.83), with an optimal cutoff value of 82.7 µg/g (73% sensitivity; 64% specificity; P &lt; .01). Of 74 patients observed for 2 years, 54 (73%) had prolonged CR. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC to predict prolonged CR for FC was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.90), equivalent to that for HH (0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.87; P = .40). The optimal FC cutoff value to predict prolonged CR was 84.6 µg/g (72% sensitivity; 85% specificity; P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Fecal calprotectin &lt; 82 µg/g predicts HH in patients with UC with clinical and endoscopic remission. Low FC leads to prolonged CR, equivalent to HH.
Reported County-Level Distribution of Seven Human Pathogens Detected in Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Fleshman Amy C , Foster Erik , Maes Sarah E , Eisen Rebecca J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tickborne disease cases account for over 75% of reported vector-borne disease cases in the United States each year. In addition to transmitting the agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu strict [Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae] and Borrelia mayonii [Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae]), the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus collectively transmit five additional human pathogens. By mapping the distributions of tickborne pathogens in host-seeking ticks, we can understand where humans are at risk of contracting tickborne diseases and devise targeted strategies to prevent them. Using publicly available tickborne pathogen surveillance databases, internal CDC pathogen testing databases, and SCOPUS search records published since 2000, we mapped the county-level distribution of Borrelia miyamotoi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae), Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), and Powassan virus (Flaviviridae) reported in host-seeking I. scapularis or I. pacificus in the contiguous United States. We also updated recently published maps of the distributions of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia mayonii. All seven pathogen distributions were more limited than the distributions of vector ticks, with at least one of the seven pathogens detected in 30 states out of 41 total states (73.2% of states) where vector ticks are considered to be established. Prevention and diagnosis of tickborne diseases rely on an accurate understanding by the public and health care providers of where people are at risk for exposure to infected ticks. Our county-level pathogen distribution maps expand on previous efforts showing the distribution of Lyme disease spirochetes and highlight counties where further investigation may be warranted.
Minimally Invasive Detection of IDH1 Mutation With Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA and D-2-Hydroxyglutarate, D/L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Ratio in Gliomas
Authors: Tuna Gamze , Dal-Bekar Nazlı Ecem , Akay Ali , Rükşen Mete , İşlekel Sertaç , İşlekel Gül Hüray 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation is accepted as one of the earliest events in tumorigenesis in gliomas. This mutation causes preferential accumulation of D- relative to L-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Minimally invasive techniques to detect IDH1 mutation may prove useful for clinical practice. We adopted 2 different diagnostic approaches to detect IDH1 mutation status in glioma patients: Evaluation of D- and L-2-HG levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and plasma, and identification of IDH1 mutation using cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in CSF and plasma. Forty-nine glioma patients in different stages were included. Levels of D- and L-2-HG were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; IDH1 R132H mutation was determined by digital-PCR. D-2-HG levels and D/L-2-HG ratio (rDL) in CSF and rDL in plasma were significantly higher in the mutant group than in the wild-type group (p = 0.029, 0.032, 0.001, respectively). The IDH1 mutation detection rates in CSF- and plasma-ctDNA were 63.2% and 25.0%, respectively. These data indicate that D-2-HG values in CSF and rDL in plasma and CSF can be considered as significant contributors to the identification of IDH1 mutation status. In addition, detection of IDH1 mutation in CSF-ctDNA from glioma patients provides a basis for future use of ctDNA for minimally invasive clinical assessment of gliomas.
Seasonal and interannual variations of ecosystem photosynthetic characteristics in a semi-arid grassland of Northern China
Authors: You Cuihai , Wang Yanbing , Tan Xingru , Zhang Bingwei , Ren Tingting , Chen Boyu , Xu Mengzhen , Chen Shiping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ecosystem apparent quantum yield (α), maximum rate of gross CO2 assimilation (Pmax) and daytime ecosystem respiration rate (Rd), reflecting the physiological functioning of ecosystem, are vital photosynthetic parameters for the estimation of ecosystem carbon budget. Climatic drivers may affect photosynthetic parameters both directly and indirectly by altering the response of vegetation. However, the relative contribution and regulation pathway of environmental and physiological controls remain unclear, especially in semi-arid grasslands. We analyzed seasonal and interannual variations of photosynthetic parameters derived from eddy-covariance observation in a typical semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia, Northern China, over 12 years from 2006 to 2017. Regression analyses and a structural equation model (SEM) were adopted to separate the contributions of environmental and physiological effects. The photosynthetic parameters showed unimodal seasonal patterns and significantly interannual variations. Variations of air temperature (Ta) and soil water content (SWC) drove the seasonal patterns of photosynthetic parameters, while SWC predominated their interannual variations. Moreover, contrasting with the predominant roles of Ta on α and Rd, SWC explained more variance of Pmax than Ta. Results of SEM revealed that environmental factors impacted photosynthetic parameters both directly and indirectly through regulating physiological responses reflected by stomatal conductance at the canopy level. Moreover, leaf area index (LAI) directly affected α, Pmax and Rd and dominated the variation of Pmax. On the other hand, SWC influenced photosynthetic parameters indirectly through LAI and canopy surface conductance (gc). Our findings highlight the importance of physiological regulation on the photosynthetic parameters and carbon assimilation capacity, especially in water-limited grassland ecosystems.
The importance of black hole repositioning for galaxy formation simulations
Authors: Bahé Yannick M , Schaye Joop , Schaller Matthieu , Bower Richard G , Borrow Josh , Chaikin Evgenii , Kugel Roi , Nobels Folkert , Ploeckinger Sylvia 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is an essential ingredient of galaxy formation simulations. The orbital evolution of SMBHs is affected by dynamical friction that cannot be predicted self-consistently by contemporary simulations of galaxy formation in representative volumes. Instead, such simulations typically use a simple ‘repositioning’ of SMBHs, but the effects of this approach on SMBH and galaxy properties have not yet been investigated systematically. Based on a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with the swift code and a Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton sub-grid gas accretion model, we investigate the impact of repositioning on SMBH growth and on other baryonic components through AGN feedback. Across at least a factor ∼1000 in mass resolution, SMBH repositioning (or an equivalent approach) is a necessary prerequisite for AGN feedback; without it, black hole growth is negligible. Limiting the effective repositioning speed to ≲10 km s−1 delays the onset of AGN feedback and severely limits its impact on stellar mass growth in the centre of massive galaxies. Repositioning has three direct physical consequences. It promotes SMBH mergers and thus accelerates their initial growth. In addition, it raises the peak density of the ambient gas and reduces the SMBH velocity relative to it, giving a combined boost to the accretion rate that can reach many orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that a more sophisticated and/or better calibrated treatment of SMBH repositioning is a critical step towards more predictive galaxy formation simulations.
The influence of Hickson-like compact group environment on galaxy luminosities
Authors: Zandivarez A , Díaz-Giménez E , Taverna A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Compact groups of galaxies are devised as extreme environments where interactions may drive galaxy evolution. In this work, we analysed whether the luminosities of galaxies inhabiting compact groups differ from those of galaxies in loose galaxy groups. We computed the luminosity functions of galaxy populations inhabiting a new sample of 1412 Hickson-like compact groups of galaxies identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16. We observed a characteristic absolute magnitude for galaxies in compact groups brighter than that observed in the field or loose galaxy systems. We also observed a deficiency of faint galaxies in compact groups in comparison with loose systems. Our analysis showed that the brightening is mainly due to galaxies inhabiting the more massive compact groups. In contrast to what is observed in loose systems, where only the luminosities of Red (and Early) galaxies show a dependency with group mass, luminosities of Red and Blue (also Early and Late) galaxies in compact groups are affected similarly as a function of group virial mass. When using Hubble types, we observed that elliptical galaxies in compact groups are the brightest galaxy population, and groups dominated by an elliptical galaxy also display the brightest luminosities in comparison with those dominated by spiral galaxies. Moreover, we show that the general luminosity trends can be reproduced using a mock catalogue obtained from a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. These results suggest that the inner extreme environment in compact groups prompts a different evolutionary history for their galaxies.
Satellite galaxies in groups in the CIELO Project I. Gas removal from galaxies and its re-distribution in the intragroup medium
Authors: Rodríguez S , Garcia Lambas D , Padilla N D , Tissera P , Bignone L , Dominguez-Tenreiro R , Gonzalez R , Pedrosa S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the impact of the environment on galaxies as they fall in and orbit in the potential well of a Local Group (LG) analogue, following them with high cadence. The analysis is performed on eight disc satellite galaxies from the CIELO suite of hydrodynamical simulations. All galaxies have stellar masses within the range $[10^{8.1}\!-\!10^{9.56}] \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, {\rm h}^{-1}$. We measure tidal torques, ram pressure, and specific star formation rates (sSFRs) as a function of time, and correlate them with the amount of gas lost by satellites along their orbits. Stronger removal episodes occur when the disc plane is oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion. More than one peripassage is required to significantly modify the orientations of the discs with respect to the orbital plane. The gas removed during the interaction with the central galaxies may also be found opposite to the direction of motion, depending on the orbital configuration. Satellites are not totally quenched when the galaxies reach their first peripassage and continue forming about $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the final stellar mass after this event. The fraction of removed gas is found to be the product of the joint action of tidal torque and ram pressure, which can also trigger new star formation activity and subsequent supernova feedback.
Bloodstream Infections in Hematologic Malignancy Patients With Fever and Neutropenia: Are Empirical Antibiotic Therapies in the United States Still Effective?
Authors: Zimmer Andrea J , Stohs Erica , Meza Jane , Arnold Christopher , Baddley John W , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi , El Boghdadly Zeinab , Gomez Carlos A , Maziarz Eileen K , Montoya Jose G , Pergam Steven , Rolston Kenneth V , Satlin Michael J , Satyanarayana Gowri , Shoham Shmuel , Strasfeld Lynne , Taplitz Randy , Walsh Thomas J , Young Jo-Anne H , Zhang Yuning , Freifeld Alison G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Rising antimicrobial resistance rates may impact the efficacy of empirical antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in high-risk cancer patients. Lacking contemporary data about the epidemiology, antibiotic resistance patterns, and clinical outcomes from bloodstream infections (BSIs) in US cancer patients, it is unclear if current guidelines remain relevant.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 14 US cancer centers prospectively identified BSIs in high-risk febrile neutropenic (FN) patients, including those receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Results
Among 389 organisms causing BSI in 343 patients, there was an equal distribution of gram-negative (GN) and gram-positive (GP) bacteria, with variability across centers. Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam were the most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotics for FN, at 62% and 23%, respectively; a GP-directed agent was empirically included in nearly half of all FN episodes within the first 24 hours. Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and carbapenems was 49%, 84%, 88%, and 96%, respectively, among GN isolates. Critical illness (CrI), defined as a new requirement for mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, or death within 30 days, occurred in 15% and did not correlate with fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, organism type, initial antibiotics, or adequacy of coverage. Only severity of illness at presentation, signified by a Pitt bacteremia score ≥2, predicted for critical illness within 30 days. Mortality was 4% by day 7 and 10% overall.

Conclusions
In accordance with US guidelines, cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam remain effective agents or empirical treatment for high-risk cancer patients with FN who are stable at presentation, maintaining high GN pathogen susceptibility and yielding excellent outcomes.
Missed Plasmodium ovale Infections Among Symptomatic Persons in Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia
Authors: Leonard Colleen M , Hwang Jimee , Assefa Ashenafi , Zulliger Rose , Candrinho Baltazar , Dimbu Pedro Rafael , Saifodine Abuchahama , Plucinski Mateusz , Rogier Eric 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The majority of symptomatic malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Infection with Plasmodium ovale is often not recorded and not considered clinically relevant. Here, we describe 8 cases of P ovale infection from 3 African countries—all of which were misdiagnosed at the presenting health facility.
A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial of Clazakizumab for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia With Hyperinflammation*
Authors: Lonze Bonnie E. , Spiegler Peter , Wesson Russell N. , Alachkar Nada , Petkova Eva , Weldon Elaina P. , Dieter Rebecca A. , Li Yi , Quinn Max , Mattoo Aprajita , Soomro Irfana , Cohen Steven M. , Leung Sherry , Deterville Cecilia L. , Landrum B. Mark , Ali Muhammad Imran , Cohen David J. , Singer Andrew L. , Sen Ayan , Chong Edward , Hochman Judith S. , Troxel Andrea B. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
We designed this study to test whether clazakizumab, a direct interleukin-6 inhibitor, benefits patients hospitalized with severe or critical COVID-19 disease accompanied by hyperinflammation.

DESIGN:
Multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, seamless phase II/III trial.

SETTING:
Five U.S. medical centers.

PATIENTS:
Adults inpatients with severe COVID-19 disease and hyperinflammation.

INTERVENTIONS:
Eighty-one patients enrolled in phase II, randomized 1:1:1 to low-dose (12.5 mg) or high-dose (25 mg) clazakizumab or placebo. Ninety-seven patients enrolled in phase III, randomized 1:1 to high-dose clazakizumab or placebo.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was 28-day ventilator-free survival. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, frequency and duration of intubation, and frequency and duration of ICU admission. Per Data Safety and Monitoring Board recommendations, additional secondary outcomes describing clinical status and status changes, as measured by an ordinal scale, were added. Bayesian cumulative proportional odds, logistic, and Poisson regression models were used. The low-dose arm was dropped when the phase II study suggested superiority of the high-dose arm. We report on 152 patients, 74 randomized to placebo and 78 to high-dose clazakizumab. Patients receiving clazakizumab had greater odds of 28-day ventilator-free survival (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84; p [OR > 1] 99.9%), as well as overall survival at 28 and 60 days (OR = 1.75; p [OR > 1] 86.5% and OR = 2.53; p [OR > 1] 97.7%). Clazakizumab was associated with lower odds of intubation (OR = 0.2; p [OR] < 1; 99.9%) and ICU admission (OR = 0.26; p [OR < 1] 99.6%); shorter durations of ventilation and ICU stay (risk ratio [RR] < 0.75; p [RR < 1] > 99% for both); and greater odds of improved clinical status at 14, 28, and 60 days (OR = 2.32, p [OR > 1] 98.1%; OR = 3.36, p [OR > 1] 99.6%; and OR = 3.52, p [OR > 1] 99.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clazakizumab significantly improved 28-day ventilator-free survival, 28- and 60-day overall survival, as well as clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hyperinflammation.
Frontal–Temporal Triangle Area Hair for Eyebrow Restoration in Asians: A Comparative Study With Periauricular and Occipital Hair
Authors: Li Kaitao , Sun Pingping , Liu Fang , Hu Zhiqi , Miao Yong 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
The frontal–temporal triangle area (FTTA) hair has a slow growth rate and thin caliber, which are similar to those of eyebrow hair. However, a comparison of cosmetic outcomes between FTTA and other scalp hair grafts in eyebrow transplantation has not been performed.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the cosmetic outcomes of FTTA hair and periauricular and occipital area (POA) hair in eyebrow restoration.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of 155 patients with FTTA or POA hair transplants was performed. Comparative variables included patient characteristics, hair density, diameter, percentage of one-hair follicular units (FUs), number of transplanted FUs, harvesting time, transection rate, hair survival rate, frequency of eyebrow trimming, and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS
There was a significant difference in hair density, diameter, percentage of one-hair FUs, and harvesting time between the FTTA and POA hair transplants. The FTTA hair grew significantly slower than the POA hair did. The patients in the FTTA group trimmed their postoperative eyebrows at a significantly longer interval than those in the POA group. The percentage of patients who were very satisfied with the surgery results was higher in the FTTA group.

CONCLUSION
The FTTA hair grafts can provide aesthetically pleasing cosmetic results in eyebrow restoration.