bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpredictable condensate–depletion dynamics in one-dimensional power-law traps
Authors: Sakhel Asaad R , Sakhel Roger R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dynamic depletion of a trapped one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) that is driven by laser stirring is numerically explored using beyond mean-field methods. For this purpose, the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (Alon et al 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033613) is applied. In order to induce the depletion, the BEC is excited by a negative Gaussian potential (dimple) whose depth is modulated with time. The BEC is examined in various trapping geometries, with different interactions, and the condensate depletion is recorded as a function of time. A general power–law trap is considered that can be experimentally generated and shaped by the holographic methods of Bruce et al (2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 053410). The chief goal is to explore the interplay between trapping geometry and interactions in defining the depletion dynamics. It is chiefly found, that the details of these depletion dynamics are unpredictable and determined by a combination of the principle dimple depth, trap, and interactions. One significant feature of this work is that quite a number of plateaus is reached in the aforementioned dynamics.
First principle studies of TiO2-ZnO alloys under high pressure
Authors: Yang Mengxin , Zhang Yanling , Liang Min , Sun Yuanming , Duan Defang , Tian Fubo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ZnO-TiO2 composite system has been applied as a photocatalyst in the treatment of organic waste and domestic wastewater due to its high separation rate of photogenerated carriers and wide light response range. Using the first-principles approach based on density functional theory, we investigated the crystal structures and the electronic properties of ZnO-TiO2 alloys under high pressure and predicted three stable high-pressure phases (Cmcm ZnTiO3, Imma Zn2TiO4 and Cm ZnTi3O7). Calculations of the phonon spectra and elastic constants showed that the predicted structures are dynamically and mechanically stable. In terms of electronic properties, it was found that the three crystal structures were all semiconductors. With the increase of pressure, the band gap of Cm ZnTi3O7 showed an increasing trend, while the band gap of Cmcm ZnTiO3 and Imma Zn2TiO4 gradually decreased. The calculated band structures showed that the band gap first increases nonlinearly and then decreases as the Zn concentration increases. Pressure can regulate the band gap of the above crystals, making them promising for applications in photocatalysis and microwave devices.
The impact of body mass index on patient radiation dose in general radiography
Authors: Dolenc Laura , Petrinjak Barbara , Mekiš Nejc , Škrk Damijan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the dose area product (DAP) and effective dose (ED) in overweight and obese patients. We also wanted to determine the typical dose values as well as suggest adjustments to clinical practice for overweight and obese patients. In this study we considered 597 patients referred for imaging of the chest in posteroanterior and lateral projection, the lumbar spine in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projection, the pelvis, the knee in AP and lateral projection, and the shoulder in AP projection. For each examination, the image field size, tube voltage, mAs product, source-to-image receptor distance and values of DAP were collected. Based on their BMI, the patients were divided into three groups (normal weight, overweight and obese). At the end, PCXMC 2.0 software was used to calculate the ED. The study showed a statistically significant DAP and ED increase in overweight and obese patients by 28.9% up to 275.4% in the case of DAP and an increase in ED from 11.0% to 241.9% in all mentioned examinations except knee and shoulder imaging. Typical DAP values ranged from 2.2 to 54.8 µGym2 for normal-weight patients, from 2.2 to 87.6 µGym2 for overweight patients, and from 2.2 to 172.5 µGym2 for obese patients. Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed very weak to very strong correlations when comparing BMI and DAP, as well as when comparing BMI and ED. A strong and very strong correlation was found in the case of examinations of the torso (except for the comparison of BMI and ED in the case of lateral lumbar spine projection).
Fast-response hot-wire flow sensors for wind and gust estimation on UAVs
Authors: Simon Nathaniel , Piqué Alexander , Snyder David , Ikuma Kyle , Majumdar Anirudha , Hultmark Marcus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to limitations in available sensor technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) lack an active sensing capability to measure turbulence, gusts, or other unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. Conventional in situ anemometry techniques fail to deliver in the harsh and dynamic multirotor environment due to form factor, resolution, or robustness requirements. To address this capability gap, a novel, fast-response sensor system to measure a wind vector in two dimensions is introduced and evaluated. This system, known as ‘MAST’ (for MEMS Anemometry Sensing Tower), leverages advances in microelectromechanical (MEMS) hot-wire devices to produce a solid-state, lightweight, and robust flow sensor suitable for real-time wind estimation onboard an UAV. The MAST uses five pentagonally-arranged microscale hot-wires to determine the wind vector’s direction and magnitude. The MAST’s performance was evaluated in a wind tunnel at speeds up to 5 m s−1 and orientations of 0∘–360∘. A neural network sensor model was trained from the wind tunnel data to estimate the wind vector from sensor signals. The average error of the sensor is 0.14 m s−1 for speed and 1.6∘ for direction. Furthermore, 95% of measurements are within 0.36 m s−1 for speed and 5.0∘ for direction. With a bandwidth of 570 Hz determined from square-wave testing, the MAST stands to greatly enhance UAV wind estimation capabilities and enable capturing relevant high-frequency phenomena in flow conditions.
A new condition-monitoring method based on multi-variable correlation learning network for wind turbine fault detection
Authors: Yao Qingtao , Li Xianze , Xiang Ling , Hu Aijun , Hankun Bing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Reasonable and in-depth analysis of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) dataset can improve the accuracy and reliability of anomaly detection in wind turbines. In this paper, a multi-variable correlation learning network named the attention mechanism temporal convolutional network–gated recurrent unit (AMTCN-GRU) is proposed to extract the multidirectional features of SCADA data for wind turbine condition monitoring. First, the parameters with greater relevance to the prediction target are selected as input parameters of this method. Meanwhile, the cabin vibration signal contains the transient characteristics of the operating system. If the component connected to the cabin fails, the vibration signal will change immediately. Then, the vibration parameter is selected as one of the inputs. In this paper, a novel AMTCN model is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability, which is constituted by a convolutional block attention mechanism embedded to the TCN’s residual block structure. The extracted features can be weighted again to make the output more relevant to the predicted target. GRU is performed to construct the connections of feature and output for the condition prediction of the wind turbine. Finally, it is proven that the proposed method can accurately and reliably realize anomaly detection in wind turbines by analyzing the SCADA data of the actual wind farm.
Measuring water vapour permeability using remote-reading humidity sensors
Authors: Hall Christopher , Lo Gloria J , Hamilton Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The water vapour permeability is a material property used in calculations of the hygrothermal performance of buildings. The standard test method (the ‘cup test’), little changed for decades and based on measuring weight changes, has been shown repeatedly in round-robin comparisons to have poor accuracy and little consistency between laboratories. Here we describe a new approach in which the primary measurement is of the humidity difference across the test sample, which is monitored continuously using sensors that are remotely readable. The box-in-box (BiB) apparatus described is smaller and simpler than that of the standard cup test. The BiB test is of shorter duration and is carried out without disturbance to the sample. New results on calcium silicate sheet, brick ceramic and autoclaved aerated concrete are compared with published vapour permeability values obtained by the standard test (considered to be of lower accuracy).
Thermal equation of states for body-centered cubic tungsten using extended analytic embedded-atom model
Authors: Jong Mi-Ryong , Song Pom , Jon Chung-Guk , Jin Hak-Son , Kim Tae-Song 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Here the thermal equation of states (EOS) for body-centered cubic (bcc) tungsten (W) is evaluated using embedded atom method (EAM). To reproduce the materials properties under high pressure and high temperature reasonably well, we extend EAM by improving the analytic expressions of the functions of electron density and embedding energy based on the quantum-mechanical results of the electron density distribution and the energy variation with respect to the electron density. Then we determine the parameters of the extended analytic model for bcc W. We evaluate volume dependence of structure energy, elastic properties as function of volume, monovacancy and divacancy properties, lattice vibration at various volumes, and variation of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature, pressure and volume within the framework of the quasiharmonic approximation. By minimizing the Gibbs free energy, we determine the thermal EOS, variation of volume or lattice parameter with respect to pressure and temperature. The linear thermal expansion coefficient as function of temperature under different pressures is also evaluated. All calculation results fit well to the experimental and other reliable theoretical calculation results, showing the reliability of the extended analytic EAM in the extended domains of electron density, atomic volume, temperature and pressure.
Precursor engineering for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Luan Fuyuan , Li Haiyan , Gong Shuiping , Chen Xinyu , Shou Chunhui , Wu Zihua , Xie Huaqing , Yang Songwang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The perovskite film prepared by the two-step spin coating method is widely used in photovoltaic devices due to its good film morphology and great reproducibility. However, there usually exists excessive lead iodide (PbI2) in the perovskite film for this method, which is believed to passivate the grain boundaries (GBs) to increase the efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, the excessive PbI2 at the GBs of perovskite is believed to induce the decomposition of the perovskite film and undermine the long-term stability of devices. In this study, we utilize precursor engineering to realize the preparation of perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability. The concentration of organic salts (AX: A = MA+, FA+; X = I−, Cl−) in the precursor solution for the second step of the two-step spin coating method is adjusted to optimize the perovskite light-absorbing layer so that the excessive PbI2 is converted into perovskite to obtain a smooth and pinhole-free perovskite film with high performance. Our results indicate that by adjusting the concentration of AX in the precursor solution, PbI2 in the film could be completely converted into perovskite without excessive AX residue. Both the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cells without excessive PbI2 have been significantly improved. A planar perovskite solar cell with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.26% was achieved, maintaining about 90% of the initial PCE after 300 h of storage in a dry air environment and in the dark, about 76% of the initial PCE after 300 h of continuous illumination of 1 Sun.
Vacancy clustering effect on the electronic and transport properties of bilayer graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Miranda L P , da Costa D R , Peeters F M , Costa Filho R N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Experimental realizations of two-dimensional materials are hardly free of structural defects such as e.g. vacancies, which, in turn, modify drastically its pristine physical defect-free properties. In this work, we explore effects due to point defect clustering on the electronic and transport properties of bilayer graphene nanoribbons, for AA and AB stacking and zigzag and armchair boundaries, by means of the tight-binding approach and scattering matrix formalism. Evident vacancy concentration signatures exhibiting a maximum amplitude and an universality regardless of the system size, stacking and boundary types, in the density of states around the zero-energy level are observed. Our results are explained via the coalescence analysis of the strong sizeable vacancy clustering effect in the system and the breaking of the inversion symmetry at high vacancy densities, demonstrating a similar density of states for two equivalent degrees of concentration disorder, below and above the maximum value.
CoT-XNet: contextual transformer with Xception network for diabetic retinopathy grading
Authors: Zhao Shuiqing , Wu Yanan , Tong Mengmeng , Yao Yudong , Qian Wei , Qi Shouliang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading is primarily performed by assessing fundus images. Many types of lesions, such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and soft exudates, are available simultaneously in a single image. However, their sizes may be small, making it difficult to differentiate adjacent DR grades even using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Recently, a vision transformer has shown comparable or even superior performance to CNNs, and it also learns different visual representations from CNNs. Inspired by this finding, we propose a two-path contextual transformer with Xception network (CoT-XNet) to improve the accuracy of DR grading. Approach. The representations learned by CoT through one path and those by the Xception network through another path are concatenated before the fully connected layer. Meanwhile, the dedicated pre-processing, data resampling, and test time augmentation strategies are implemented. The performance of CoT-XNet is evaluated in the publicly available datasets of DDR, APTOS2019, and EyePACS, which include over 50 000 images. Ablation experiments and comprehensive comparisons with various state-of-the-art (SOTA) models have also been performed. Main results. Our proposed CoT-XNet shows better performance than available SOTA models, and the accuracy and Kappa are 83.10% and 0.8496, 84.18% and 0.9000 and 84.10% and 0.7684 respectively, in the three datasets (listed above). Class activation maps of CoT and Xception networks are different and complementary in most images. Significance. By concatenating the different visual representations learned by CoT and Xception networks, CoT-XNet can accurately grade DR from fundus images and present good generalizability. CoT-XNet will promote the application of artificial intelligence-based systems in the DR screening of large-scale populations.
Ensemble Kalman inversion for magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Iglesias Marco , McGrath Deirdre M , Tretyakov M V , Francis Susan T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an MRI-based diagnostic method for measuring mechanical properties of biological tissues. MRE measurements are processed by an inversion algorithm to produce a map of the biomechanical properties. In this paper a new and powerful method (ensemble Kalman inversion with level sets (EKI)) of MRE inversion is proposed and tested. The method has critical advantages: material property variation at disease boundaries can be accurately identified, and uncertainty of the reconstructed material properties can be evaluated by consequence of the probabilistic nature of the method. EKI is tested in 2D and 3D experiments with synthetic MRE data of the human kidney. It is demonstrated that the proposed inversion method is accurate and fast.
Dose perturbations in proton pencil beam delivery investigated by dynamically deforming silicone-based radiochromic dosimeters
Authors: Jensen Simon V , Muren Ludvig P , Balling Peter , Petersen Jørgen BB , Valdetaro Lia B , Poulsen Per R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Proton therapy with pencil beam delivery enables dose distributions that conform tightly to the shape of a target. However, proton therapy dose delivery is sensitive to motion and deformation, which especially occur in the abdominal and thoracic regions. In this study, the dose perturbation caused by dynamic motion with and without gating during proton pencil beam deliveries were investigated using deformable three-dimensional (3D) silicone-based radiochromic dosimeters. Approach. A spread-out Bragg peak formed by four proton spots with different energies was delivered to two dosimeter batches. All dosimeters were cylindrical with a 50 mm diameter and length. The dosimeters were irradiated stationary while uncompressed and during dynamic compression by sinusoidal motion with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 20 mm in one end of the dosimeter and 10 mm in the other end. Motion experiments were made without gating and with gating near the uncompressed position. The entire experiment was video recorded and simulated in a Monte Carlo (MC) program. Main results. The 2%/2 mm gamma index analysis between the dose measurements and the MC dose simulations had pass rates of 86%–94% (first batch) and 98%–99% (second batch). Compared to the static delivery, the dose delivered during motion had gamma pass rates of 99%–100% when employing gating and 68%–87% without gating in the experiments whereas for the MC simulations it was 100% with gating and 66%–82% without gating. Significance. This study demonstrated the ability of using deformable 3D dosimeters to measure dose perturbations in proton pencil beam deliveries caused by dynamic motion and deformation.
Agreement between standard and continuous wireless vital sign measurements after major abdominal surgery: a clinical comparison study
Authors: Haahr-Raunkjaer Camilla , Skovbye Magnus , Rasmussen Søren M , Elvekjaer Mikkel , Sørensen Helge B D , Meyhoff Christian S , Aasvang Eske K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Continuous wireless monitoring outside the post-anesthesia or intensive care units may enable early detection of patient deterioration, but good accuracy of measurements is required. We aimed to assess the agreement between vital signs recorded by standard and novel wireless devices in postoperative patients. Approach. In 20 patients admitted to the post-anesthesia care unit, we compared heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) as paired data. The primary outcome measure was the agreement between standard wired and wireless monitoring, assessed by mean bias and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). LoA was considered acceptable for HR and PR, if within ±5 beats min−1 (bpm), while RR, SpO2, and BP were deemed acceptable if within ±3 breaths min−1 (brpm), ±3%-points, and ±10 mmHg, respectively. Main results. The mean bias between standard versus wireless monitoring was −0.85 bpm (LoA −6.2 to 4.5 bpm) for HR, −1.3 mmHg (LoA −19 to 17 mmHg) for standard versus wireless SBP, 2.9 mmHg (LoA −17 to 22) for standard versus wireless DBP, and 1.7% (LoA −1.4 mmHg to 4.8 mmHg) for SpO2, comparing standard versus wireless monitoring. The mean bias of arterial blood gas analysis versus wireless SpO2 measurements was 0.02% (LoA −0.02% to 0.06%), while the mean bias of direct observation of RR compared to wireless measurements was 0.0 brpm (LoA −2.6 brpm to 2.6 brpm). 80% of all values compared were within predefined clinical limits. Significance. The agreement between wired and wireless HR, RR, and PR recordings in postoperative patients was acceptable, whereas the agreement for SpO2 recordings (standard versus wireless) was borderline. Standard wired and wireless BP measurements may be used interchangeably in the clinical setting.
Review: III–V infrared emitters on Si: fabrication concepts, device architectures and down-scaling with a focus on template-assisted selective epitaxy
Authors: Tiwari Preksha , Triviño Noelia Vico , Schmid Heinz , Moselund Kirsten E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The local integration of III–Vs on Si is relevant for a wide range of applications in electronics and photonics, since it combines a mature and established materials platform with desired physical properties such as a direct and tuneable bandgap and high mobility. The large thermal expansion coefficient and lattice mismatch, however, pose a challenge for the direct growth of III–Vs on Si. In this paper we will review fabrication concepts to overcome this mismatch for the local integration of III–Vs on Si. In particular, we will briefly discuss processing methods based on aspect ratio trapping, nanowire growth, and template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE). The focus of this review will be on the latter, where we will provide an overview of the different possibilities and embodiments of TASE and their promise for locally integrated active photonic devices.
CMOS compatible manufacturing of a hybrid SET-FET circuit
Authors: del Moral A , Amat E , Engelmann H-J , Pourteau M-L , Rademaker G , Quirion D , Torres-Herrero N , Rommel M , Heinig K-H , von Borany J , Tiron R , Bausells J , Perez-Murano F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes feasibility of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible manufacturing of a hybrid single electron transistor–field effect transistor (SET-FET) circuit. The fundamental element towards an operating SET at room temperature is a vertical nanopillar (NP) with embedded Si nanodot generated by ion-beam irradiation. The integration process from NPs to contacted SETs is validated by structural characterization. Then, the monolithic fabrication of planar FETs integrated with vertical SETs is presented, and its compatibility with standard CMOS technology is demonstrated. The work includes process optimization, pillar integrity validation, electrical characterization and simulations taking into account parasitic effects. The FET fabrication process is adapted to meet the requirements of the pre-fabricated NPs. Overall, this work establishes the groundwork for the realization of a hybrid SET-FET circuit operating at room temperature.