bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Study of NPC-0501 Trial: Optimal Cisplatin Dose of Concurrent and Induction/Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ng Wai-Tong , Choi Cheuk-Wai , But Barton , Ngan Roger K.C. , Tung Stewart , Cheng Ashley C. , Kwong Dora L.W. , Lu Tai-Xiang , Chan Anthony T.C. , Yiu Harry , Lee Sarah , Wong Frank , Yuen Kam-Tong , Chappell Richard J. , Lee Anne W.M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The current recommendation for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, data on the optimal platinum doses for each phase of combined regimens are lacking.

Experimental Design:
742 patients with NPC in the NPC-0501 trial treated with CRT plus IC/AC and irradiated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were analyzed. The optimal platinum dose to achieve the best overall survival (OS) in the concurrent and induction/adjuvant phases was studied.

Results:
Evaluation of the whole series shows the optimal platinum dose was 160 mg/m2 in the concurrent and 260 mg/m2 in the induction/adjuvant phase. Repeating the analyses on 591 patients treated with cisplatin throughout (no replacement by carboplatin) confirmed the same results. The cohort with optimal platinum doses in both phases had better OS than the cohort suboptimal in both phases (stage III: 90% vs. 75%; stage IVA–B: 80% vs. 56%, at 5-year). Multivariable analyses confirmed optimal platinum doses in both phases versus suboptimal dose in each phase are significant independent factors for OS, with HR of 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.91] and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.48–0.94), respectively. Treatment sequence was statistically insignificant after adjusting for platinum doses.

Conclusions:
Both concurrent and IC/AC are needed for locoregionally advanced NPC, even for patients irradiated by IMRT; the concurrent platinum dosage could be set at ≥160 mg/m2 when coupled with adequate induction/adjuvant dosage at ≥260 mg/m2 (or at least ≥240 mg/m2). To achieve these optimal dosages, IC-CRT at conventional fractionation is favored.
Redefining CD56 as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cottini Francesca , Rodriguez Jose , Hughes Tiffany , Sharma Nidhi , Guo Ling , Lozanski Gerard , Liu Bei , Cocucci Emanuele , Yang Yiping , Benson Don 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Multiple myeloma cells aberrantly express surface antigens compared with normal plasma cells. Among others, CD56 is present at variable levels in approximately 70% of patients with multiple myeloma; however, very little is known about CD56 role in multiple myeloma. We demonstrated that patients with multiple myeloma with more than 10% of CD56-expressing clonal multiple myeloma cells have inferior clinical outcomes. By gain-of and loss-of function models, we revealed that CD56 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth, survival, and adhesion to stromal cells. These protumoral effects are induced by the activation of the RSK2/CREB1 signaling pathway, with increased mRNA and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and MCL1. Consequently, the genomic and pharmacological inhibition of RSK2 or CREB1 specifically induced multiple myeloma cell death in CD56-expressing multiple myeloma cells. Finally, we observed that CD56 signaling decreases CRBN expression, reducing responses to lenalidomide. RSK2 or CREB1 inhibition increased CRBN levels and were synergic with lenalidomide in inducing cell death, especially in CD56-expressing multiple myeloma cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CD56 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth, and pave the way to novel therapies based on targeting CD56, along with the use of CD56 as a predictive biomarker for multiple myeloma therapies.

Implications:
Multiple myeloma is an incurable, genetically heterogeneous disease, without available tailored therapeutic approaches. CD56 signaling promotes multiple myeloma growth and adhesion, by activating CREB1 target genes, MCL1 and BCL2. Inhibition of CREB1 alone or in combination with lenalidomide is an unexplored synthetic lethal approach in CD56-expressing patients with multiple myeloma.
Abstract P235: Association Between Food Insecurity And Blood Pressure In A Multiethnic Population
Authors: Ing Claire T , Lim Jane , Kaholokula Joseph K , Seto Todd B , Hovmand Peter , Novotny Rachel 
Published: April 2022

Hypertension (HTN) is the strongest modifiable risk factor for CVD that is disproportionately higher in racial/ethnic groups, e.g., Native Hawaiians. Native Hawaiians have over a 50% prevalence of HTN (i.e., systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥80mmHg), placing them at higher risk for CVD. Behavioral/biological risk factors (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity) are often the focus of epidemiological and intervention research; yet, socioeconomic factors, such as food insecurity, also affect blood pressure.
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between food insecurity and SBP and DBP in Native Hawaiians communities, controlling for demographics and behavioral/biological risk factors.
Participants in this 2020, cross-sectional study (N = 125) were from six, predominantly Native Hawaiian communities across Hawai‘i. Demographic variables included age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. Potential confounding variables were leisure-time physical activity, daily servings of processed meat, daily servings of red meat, daily servings of fruit and vegetables, resilience, BMI, use of HTN medication, and COVID-19 related mental health. To assess food insecurity participants were asked to indicate how often money for food runs out by the end of the month on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater frequency. SBP and DBP were measured according to a standardized protocol. All confounding variables with a significant bivariate correlation with SBP or DBP were entered into the respective multiple regression model.

Participants were predominantly female (73, 58.4%), had some college or were college graduates (73, 58.4%), a mean age of 39.2yrs (
SD
=9.9) and mean BMI of 31.6 (
SD
=8.7). Mean SBP and DBP were in the normotensive range, 122.9±17.5 and 79.5±11.9, respectively. Female sex (
β
=-9.9,
SE
=2.6,
p
<0.001), daily servings of fruit and vegetables (
β
=-2.35,
SE
=1.04,
p
=0.026), BMI (
β
=0.76,
SE
=0.16,
p
<0.001), use of HTN medication (
β
=14.01,
SE
=4.90,
p
=0.005), and food insecurity (
β
=2.09,
SE
=0.95, p=0.030) were associated with SBP (

R
2

=0.40,
SE
=14.05,
p
<0.001). Male sex, fewer daily servings of fruit and vegetables, greater BMI, use of HTN medication, and more food insecurity were significantly associated with higher DBP. Female sex (
β
=-5.03,
SE
=1.90,
p
=0.009), BMI (
β
=0.51,
SE
=0.12,
p
<0.001), and food insecurity (
β
=1.36,
SE
=0.69,
p
=0.05) were associated with DBP (

R
2

=0.31,
SE
=10.18,
p
<0.001). Male sex, greater BMI, and more food insecurity were significantly associated with higher DBP.

After controlling for potential confounders, food insecurity retains a significant, independent association with both SBP and DBP such that a greater frequency of food insecurity was related to higher SBP and DBP. This provides additional evidence for the idea that food insecurity may directly impact CVD risk.
The Birth of the Islamic Investor
Authors: Elhoudaiby Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What is Islamic about Islamic finance? How does the industry’s Islamicity compare to the notions of trade and commerce in classical sharīʿa? In this essay, I explore the genealogy of Islamic finance by scrutinizing twentieth-century fatwās on share certificates. I argue that these fatwās gave rise to shareholding as a novel property relation, one that severs the shareholder’s non-financial interest in the company’s property. Twentieth-century muftīs unanimously accepted the legitimacy of shareholding, which, in turn, contributed to the rise of the Islamic investor: a profit-maximizing, socially-disinterested homo economicus whose ethical conduct is validated in reference to modern Islamic law. The unanimous acceptance of shareholding and the investor contributed to the consolidation of the central institutions of Islamic finance: Islamic banks and joint-stock companies. It also contributed to the thinning of Islamicity. Whereas the classical sharīʿa discourse produced partnerships as, at once, social and economic entities, fatwās on Islamic financial instruments reduce Islamicity to economic considerations and a set of maneuverable protocols.
Li Bo and the zan
Authors: Kroll Paul W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the more overlooked forms of Chinese poetry is that called by the word zan 讚 or “appreciation.” Here we examine the pre-Tang use of the term in its application both to a summary prose or verse statement in historical texts as well as to a form of verse often regarded as akin to the song 頌 or “laud” but especially associated with illustrations or paintings. Discussion then proceeds to a focus on and analysis of Li Bo’s 李白 seventeen extant zan poems, nearly all of which are about or were inscribed on paintings. These poems can be divided among three categories: those on portrayed individuals, those on objects and scenes, and those on Buddhist topics. Li Bo’s zan give evidence of certain new as well as differently emphasized developments in the form.
Local Sensibility and Nostalgia: The Tanshe Poetry Society in Colonial Singapore
Authors: Lam (林立) Lap 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under the leadership of Qiu Shuyuan, the “Poet Master of the South,” a group of Singapore Chinese poets formed the Tanshe poetry society in the 1920s and published the only group collection of classical-style poetry in the colonial period. This society forged a close social bond between the resident- and sojourner-poets, who used traditional poetry to create a cultural space for themselves in overseas Chinese communities. Although they still possessed a sojourner’s mentality and often expressed their nostalgia for China or their hometowns in China, they also attempted to accept and appreciate the unique Nanyang culture and customs. By sharing their individual narratives and experiences with fellow members, they together constructed a collective memory and multiple narratives of the homeland while exchanging opinions about the host society. Through textual analysis of Tanshe group compositions, this paper proposes that localization and nostalgia, two seemingly contradictory concepts, are in fact compatible, as emotional attachments to both homeland and hostland both appear in Tanshe society writings. It thus seeks to offer an alternative viewpoint for current Sinophone studies and scholarship about overseas Chinese, holding that nostalgia could prompt Chinese immigrants to contemplate the many potentialities and possibilities of their future, their relationship with “routes and roots,” and connections between past and present. The transplantation of many of their cultural practices, of which the poetry society was a significant manifestation, also helped them create a more familiar living place in their out-of-placeness.
The Power to Blame as a Source of Leverage: International Mediation and ‘Dead Cat Diplomacy’
Authors: Siniver Asaf 
Published: April 2022

Summary
This article addresses a gap in the literature on international mediation by proposing the power to blame as an additional source of mediation leverage that had been hitherto largely ignored. The power to blame is framed here as ‘dead cat diplomacy’, a term originally coined by US Secretary of State James Baker to describe his threats to lay a figurative dead cat at the doorstep of a disputant to publicly signal its intransigence and thus force its acquiescence during the Middle East negotiations following the 1991 Gulf War. Drawing on the case studies of Baker and presidents Obama and Trump, the article presents three conditions necessary for the successful leveraging of the power to blame in international mediation: it must be used as a last resort, be perceived as credible by the targeted disputant and take place at a time when the targeted disputant’s bargaining capacity is limited.
Finland’s Status-updating through the UN Human Rights Council Campaign
Authors: Tuominen Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The Finnish Government practises a human rights-based foreign policy, and norm advocacy within international organisations is an integral part of this ambition. One priority was to apply for UN Human Rights Council (HRC) membership for the 2022-2024 term. This article studies the Finnish campaign from the theoretical perspective of a small state seeking to update its status through norm advocacy and UN campaigning. It claims that the HRC campaign is an important means of updating Finland’s status within its ambitious Nordic peer group. Updating a country’s status can be achieved by showing moral authority and good UN membership. It also demonstrates the challenges and opportunities set by the domestic and external situation, introducing the HRC campaign priorities, based on Finland’s country brand, and shows how these are refreshed. The article draws on foreign policy documentation, campaign materials and interviews with Finnish diplomats and public officials involved in the campaign.
The Tiwi of Melville Island, the Portuguese of Timor, and Slavery
Authors: Farram Steven 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For over 180 years, it has been reported in academic and popular literature that Portuguese raiders from Timor captured and enslaved people from the Tiwi Islands in north Australia. The experience of slave-raiding is often cited as an explanation for the islanders’ fierce hostility to intruders. However, this is despite the lack of any solid evidence to support the slave-raiding claims. Additionally, if Portuguese slave-raiding of the Tiwi Islands began in the sixteenth century or at the very beginning of the seventeenth century, as is often claimed, or implied, then the generally accepted history of the European discovery of Australia is wrong. The origins of these claims, their validity, and alternative readings of the Tiwi Islands’ history are all explored in this article.
Polite Citizenship
Authors: Pribadi Yanwar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the ways in which citizens have enhanced agency through informal and polite claims-making. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a village in West Java, this article argues that citizens tend to pressure the authorities in polite, personal, and highly informal ways to deal with state institutions and gain access to public services. Such forms of informal and polite citizenship signify a reasonably effective communal culture of consensus-formation that defines the predominantly complex character of state institutions in Indonesia. Consequently, citizens have become more capable in claiming their rights and positioning themselves vis-à-vis the authorities. These everyday practices have affected the balance of power between village authorities, informal community leaders, and citizens. By taking examples from rural West Java, this article unveils the everyday informality and the politics of politeness that may also take place in other rural areas of Indonesia and possibly the larger non-Western world.
A Mismatch between Migrant Identities and Consular Representations. Migration from East Central Europe to Latin America, 1867–1945
Authors: Szente-Varga Mónika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article analyses transatlantic migration from multi-ethnic East Central Europe in the period 1867–1945. Since ethnic belonging and political frontiers did not coincide, official identities did not necessarily correspond to personal identities. This became more pronounced in the migratory process, for there was a clear tendency of higher proportion of minorities among those who left. As dominating nations changed in the region, so did the ethnic composition of emigrants, leading to a long-lasting mismatch between immigrants and foreign representations, such as consulates, which were supposed to protect their interests. The result was a search for alternatives, contributing to the establishment of cultural and other associations, both from below (immigrants) and from above (corresponding states).
The Impacts of Midlevel Moisture on the Structure, Evolution, and Precipitation of Afternoon Thunderstorms: A Real-Case Modeling Study at Taipei on 14 June 2015
Authors: Miao Jyong-En , Yang Ming-Jen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A severe afternoon thunderstorm (ATS) system developed within the Taipei basin on 14 June 2015, which produced intense rainfall (with a rainfall rate of 131 mm h−1) and urban-scale flooding. A control simulation (CNTL) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the horizontal grid size nested down to 500 m was performed to capture reasonably well the onset of the sea breeze, the merger of convective cells, and the evolution of the afternoon thunderstorm system. Four numerical sensitivity experiments with the increase or decrease of midlevel (700–500 hPa) relative humidity (RH) of 10% and 20% were conducted, and simulation results were compared with those from the CNTL. Although the response of convection to midlevel RH was somewhat nonlinear, sensitivity experiments showed that a dry layer at middle levels would result in stronger cold pool, more intense convection, stronger updraft, more graupel particles, stronger net latent heating above the melting level, and a much larger area of the potential flooding region [>40 mm (30 min)−1]. The estimation of bulk entrainment rate provided evidence that the entrainment rate could be reduced by stronger cold pool and the widening of moist convection area. Three terrain-removal sensitivity experiments indicated that Taipei basin modulated the response of convection intensity to midlevel RH. The basin terrain confined the outflow associated with ATS and forced it to converge with the moist sea breeze continuously, providing a favorable dynamic and thermodynamic environment for subsequent convection development. This “basin confinement effect” may be crucial for short-duration rainfall extremes over complex terrain.

Significance Statement
This study has examined the impact of midlevel moisture on the structure, evolution, and precipitation of an afternoon thunderstorm system that produced intense rainfall at Taipei using eight numerical experiments based on high-resolution model outputs. Our findings explain how a drier layer at middle levels would produce a more intense thunderstorm system, although the response of convection intensity to midlevel moisture is somewhat nonlinear. In addition, it is found that terrain could modulate the response of convection to midlevel moisture, which is rarely discussed in previous studies.
Approximate and Exact Optimal Designs for Paired Comparison Experiments
Authors: Nyarko Eric , Doku-Amponsah Kwabena 
Published: April 2022

In this article, the problem of finding optimal paired comparison approximate and exact designs for the identification of main effects and two and three and four attribute interactions, when the alternatives are characterized by either full profiles or partial profiles, is considered. The resulting designs are also optimal under the indifference assumption of equal choice probabilities for a multinomial logit model when the choice sets are pairs. AMS subject classification: 62K05, 62J15, 62K15
Factors Associated With a Prolonged Diagnosis‐to‐Treatment Interval in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shaikh Noah , Morrow Vincent , Stokes Cara , Chung Jeffson , Fancy Tanya , Turner Meghan T. , Stokes William A. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveEvaluate factors associated with treatment delays and their effect on survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.MethodsPatients receiving primary radiation or surgery for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were included from 2004 to 2017. The primary outcomes were the diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval (DTI) and 5‐year survival. Variables of prolonged DTI (>30 days) were assessed via logistic regression models. Survival was then assessed through Cox proportional hazards models. Candidate variables for both outcomes included age, sex, race, ethnicity, distance to treatment facility, insurance coverage, treatment facility type, TNM T stage, nodal status, and DTI (in models estimating survival).ResultsAn overall 136,203 patients with laryngeal cancer were identified, from which 51,747 remained after exclusions were applied: 18,499 received primary surgery and 33,248 received primary radiation. Being a member of a racial or ethnic minority, advanced age, female sex, ≥30 miles from treatment facility, lack of insurance, treatment at an academic cancer center, and primary radiation were associated with a prolonged DTI. However, in spite of a faster DTI, treatment at a community cancer center was independently associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 1.2; P <. 0001).ConclusionsDespite being associated with prolonged DTI, receiving treatment at a high‐volume academic facility was associated with significantly improved survival. Our results indicate that improved referral pathways or outreach may help improve survival in laryngeal cancer, especially in high‐risk populations.
Reimbursement Trends in Pediatric Otolaryngology From 2000 to 2020: A CMS Physician Fee Schedule Analysis
Authors: Yaffe Noah M. , Quereshy Humzah A. , Quinton Brooke A. , Otteson Todd D. , Shah Jay R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the financial trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for the most billed procedures at a single institution from 2000 to 2020 within pediatric otolaryngology.Study DesignRetrospective data analysis.SettingUnited States.MethodsThe most billed surgical and in‐office procedures in pediatric otolaryngology at our institution were identified in the Physician Fee Schedule Look‐up Tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to extract reimbursement data for each CPT code (Current Procedural Terminology). Monetary data were adjusted for inflation to 2020 US dollars per the changes to the consumer price index. Mean annual and total percentage changes in reimbursement were calculated by the adjusted values for all included procedures (N = 25).ResultsFrom 2000 to 2020, without adjusting for inflation, reimbursement for the most billed procedures increased by 10.9%, while the allocated relative value unit per procedure increased by 15.4%. However, when adjusted for inflation, reimbursement for these procedures decreased by 27.5% over the study period.ConclusionsThe study findings identify a downward trend in reimbursement for the most billed procedures in pediatric otolaryngology at our institution. Given the low predominance of pediatric otolaryngology codes within Medicare reimbursement, these codes are rarely reviewed for accurate revaluation. It is imperative that our professional society remain active and engaged within this process to ensure quality delivery of care to our patients.