bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of Compliance and Predictors with Personal COVID-19-preventive measures Among Office Government Employees Returning to work in the post-epidemic period in Western Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kabito Gebisa Guyasa , Abreham Meskele , Tesfaye Amensisa Hailu , Guadu Tadesse 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The contemporary global issues, COVID-19 pandemic continued causing unprecedented impact on the public health, occupational health and the global economy. Keeping compliance with personal preventive measures is a vital tool for managing COVID-19 pandemic control and returning to work as no pharmaceutical treatments are currently available in Ethiopia. Although compliance with COVID -19 personal preventive measures (CPPMs) and predictors is well addressed in healthcare settings, data on the level of CPPMs and its determinants among government employees working in offices worldwide, including Ethiopia, is limited. This paper is aimed to fill this gaps.
Methods: We applied a cross-sectional study design from February to March, 2021. The participants were government workers working in offices who had resumed work. Stratified followed by simple random sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants from 30 government offices that had resumed work. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed by STATA 14 software. The significance of associations was established at p< 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in the multivariable model.
Results: Response rate 95.44% (N=394). The study found 22.3% (88) of study participants (95% CI = 18.5, 26.6) had high compliance with COVID -19 personal preventive measures during past month.Female workers were 2.80 times more likely than males to comply with COVID-19 personal preventive measures (AOR: 2.80, 95%CI (1.10, 7.12), favorable attitude towards COVID-19 prevention measures (AOR: 13.73, 95% CI (4.85, 38.83), high-risk perception of COVID-19 infections (AOR: 2.34; 95% CI (1.24, 4.41), and high misconception about COVID-19 (AOR : 3.92, 95% CI (1.45, 10.62) were predicted better compliance with COVID-19 PPMs (P <  0.05).
Conclusions: In sum, little proportion of sampled study participants complied with COVID -19 personal preventive measures. Sex, attitudes, risk perception, and misconception have all been identified as significant risk factors. Actions are needed to strengthen COVID -19 personal preventive measures among government employees to maintain COVID -19 control following work resumption. In the future, it’s vital to work on government employees' attitudes and perceptions in order to improve compliance.
Incidents related to Safety in mental health facilities in Kenya
Authors: Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Kiptoo Robert Sitienei , Jaguga Florence , Wangechi Felicita , Saina Chelagat , Ogaro Francis , Aruasa Wilson K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Both patients and health care providers working in mental health facilities witness high rates of incidents that have the potential to jeopardize their safety. Despite this, there are few studies that have documented the kind of incidents that are experienced, or explored the potential contributors to these incidents, and solutions that would result in better safety. This study explored various types of safety related incidents occurring in mental facilities in Kenya, perceived contributing factors, and recommendations for improve.
Methods: This mixed methods descriptive study was carried out betweenDecember 2019 – February 2020. It included 28 mental health staff across 14 mental health unit spread across the country.
Results: All the participants reported having personally experienced an incident that threatened their safety or that of the patients. Most of the respondents (24/26. 91.67%) admitted to have experienced verbal aggression while 54.17%, (n=24) had experienced physical assault. Participating health care workers attributed the safety incidents to poor infrastructure, limited human resources, and inadequate medication to calm down agitated patients. Suggested solutions to improve patient safety included; improving surveillance systems, hiring more specialized healthcare workers, and provision of adequate supplies such as short-acting injectable psychotropic.
Conclusion: Incidents that threaten patient and staff safety are common in mental health facilities in Kenya. There is need to strengthen staff capacity and reporting mechanisms, as well as invest in infrastructural improvements, to safeguard patient and staff safety in mental health facilities in Kenya.
Low-profile Dipole Antennas based on Graphene Plasmonics for THz Applications
Authors: Varshney Arun Kumar , Pathak Nagendra Prasad , Sircar Debabrata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of low-profile, frequency-reconfigurable graphene dipole antennas for THz applications. The antenna consists of two graphene patches to form the bow-tie dipole and the wideband artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). Frequency tuning has been introduced by changing the chemical potential of graphene. The AMC has been designed to operate from 2 THz to 3.4 THz with a ±90° reflection phase bandwidth of 50.39%. Using AMC surface, the total profile of the antenna has been achieved up to 0.09𝜆0 (where 𝜆0 is free space wavelength) at the 0° operating frequency of 2.5 THz. In another approach, a hybrid surface combination of AMC and PEC has been used instead of AMC surface to enhance the radiation performance by reducing unwanted current distribution. The input impedance of the proposed antennas are almost stable and well-matched to the impedance of the THz source.
Parents in Taiwan are hesitant to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 and its influencing factors
Authors: Deng Jing-Shan , Chen Jau-Yuan , Lin Xiao-Qing , Huang Chun-Lian , Tung Tao-Hsin , Zhu Jian-Sheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Since July 2021, some countries and regions have initiated the vaccination of minors against COVID-19, and the parents' COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy will affect the vaccination of minors. The motive of our learning was to be to discover the hesitancy of parents in Taiwan to vaccinate their children towards COVID-19 and its influencing factors.
Methods
We conducted a population-based self-administered online questionnaire in Taiwan to assess parental hesitancy and the factors influencing their children’s vaccination against COVID-19.
Results
Among the 384 respondents, 64.1% of the parents were hesitant to have their children vaccinated toward the COVID-19. Mothers were more extra hesitant to vaccinate their teens than their fathers (67.5% vs. 50%, P < 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression evaluation confirmed that the lack of understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.22–2.86), the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine is dangerous (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20–0.49), and vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves who are hesitant (OR = 13.16, 95%CI: 7.86–22.05) are greater hesitant to vaccinate their children, and parents who have a greater opinion rating (OR = 3.83, 95%CI: 2.80–7.05) for their adolescents to vaccinate their children do not hesitate.
Conclusions
According to the study's findings, 64.1% of Taiwanese parents were hesitant to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. Parents' reservations about immunizing their children against COVID-19 are connected to the amount of information about the vaccine, its safety, their hesitation to receive the vaccine themselves, and their attitudes toward vaccinating children. An in-depth discussion of the factors that affect vaccine hesitancy and targeted health education is conducive to promoting vaccination of children with the COVID-19.
Facile conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone by using mesoporous CuO–SnO 2 composite oxide supported Au catalysts
Authors: Ke Yi-Hu , Qin Hong-Yu , Wang Xue , Li Hui , Liu Hai , Yuan Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Selective catalytic oxidation of polyols, e.g., the selective catalytic oxidation of the secondary –OH bond in glycerol, remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a series of mesoporous CuO–SnO2 composite oxides were prepared by a hard-template method and used to support Au catalysts for the selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) under base-free conditions. Catalysts with different Cu:Sn molar ratios gave different catalytic performances. A high conversion of glycerol (100%) and selectivity for DHA (94.7%) were obtained in 2 h at 80°C and PO2 = 1 MPa over the Au/CuO–SnO2-3:1 catalyst. Further investigation indicated that the high catalytic activity of Au/CuO–SnO2-3:1 is related to the small size and high dispersion of Au nanoparticles (NPs), the interactions between the Au NPs and the support, the synergistic effect between CuO and SnO2, and the amount of surface lattice oxygen species. Various reaction parameters, namely the glycerol:Au molar ratio, the reaction temperature, the initial O2 pressure, the reaction time, and the support calcination temperature were studied. Although the conversion rate by the catalyst decreased after four cycles, the selectivity remained above 86%. Density functional theory calculations showed that the synergy between CuO and SnO2 improves the catalytic activity in glycerol oxidation to DHA. The results show that mesoporous composite oxide supports have a wide range of potential applications in the selective oxidation of glycerol to other high-value-added products.
Characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in water and mussels sampled from Cape Town Harbour and Two Oceans Aquarium, South Africa
Authors: Sparks Conrad , Viljoen Nathalie , Hill Deen , Lassen Jonathan , Awe Adetunji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Knowledge about the abundances and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) is becoming important to assess the potential effects MPs have on organisms and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to provide a baseline of MPs in Cape Town Harbour (CTH) and the Two Oceans Aquarium (TOA) in Cape Town, South Africa from 2018 to 2020. Water and mussel samples were analyzed for MPs at 3 sites in CTH and TOA, respectively. Microplastics were mainly filamentous, black/grey and 1000–2000 µm in size. A total of 1778 MPs, with an average of 7.50 (± 0.6 SEM) MPs/unit was recorded for the study period. MP concentrations were higher in water (10.3 ± 1.1 MPs/L) than mussel samples (6.27 ± 0.59 MPs/individual and 3.05 ± 1.09 MPs/g soft tissue wet weight). Mean MP concentrations in water samples collected in CTH (12.08 ± 1.3 SEM MPs/L) were significantly higher (4.61 ± 1.1 MPs/L) than inside the TOA, (U = 536, p = 0.04). A risk assessment (Pollution Load Index, Polymer Risk Index and Pollution Risk Index) of MPs sampled indicated that MPs in water poses a greater ecological risk when compared to mussels. Our results indicate that there is a need to monitor MPs in coastal waters and aquaria facilities in South Africa.
Protocol for efficient ginseng transformation
Authors: Kim Young-Hun , Park Chan-Woo , Hong Woo-Jong , Hyun Ick , Kim Keun Ki , Kim Yu-Jin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Panax ginseng is a major medicinal crop with pharmaceutical efficacy derived from ginsenoside metabolites. Despite its genome information, the inefficiency of ginseng transformation hinders the study of the molecular mechanism of ginseng plant metabolism. Thus, this protocol aimed to develop an easy and efficient system for ginseng transformation. We established a transformation system using ginseng callus cultured in a liquid medium, which has a higher ratio compared with cotyledon explant. In addition, Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used for plant transformation. Compared with the LBA4404 strain, C58C1 was inappropriate for ginseng transformation using ginseng callus. We induced and maintained calli in liquid medium and cut them into small pieces before infection. After infection, we selected calli that survived from the antibiotic medium until identification of newly growing cells. In β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene assay, the expression of the GUS gene was observed in cells that were newly generated from explants. We treated calli with 0.05 M of MgSO4 before infection. After MgSO4 pre-treatment, the transformation efficiency of growing cells around infected callus was increased. Moreover, we constructed and introduced a visible reporter RUBY system to easily identify transformed cells. Using this system, we could identify the cells by a red color with naked eyes. Based on our transformation protocol, the success rate has increased to 77.27% in surviving lines during selection culture. This stable ginseng transformation could facilitate the overexpression and knockout of ginseng lines for functional or synthetic biological studies.
Determinants of optimal antenatal care visit among reproductive age women in Low and Middle Income Countries; Evidence from recent demographic health survey: application of a multilevel binary logistic regression model
Authors: Agmas Yitateku Adugna , Asmare Abebew Aklog 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The evaluation of utilization and the factors influencing optimal ANC visits is critical to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The goal of antenatal care is to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The study's goal is to identify the factors that influence optimal ANC visits among reproductive-age women in low-income countries.
Methods
The study included a total weighted sample of 329,721 women who gave birth during the study period. For model fitness and comparison, the intra-class correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, proportional change in variance, AIC, BIC, and deviance were used. To identify the determinants of optimal ANC visits in LMICs, a multilevel multivariable logistic regression model was fitted. To declare significant determinants of optimal ANC visits, the adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were used.
Results
The overall prevalence of optimal ANC visits was 60.1%, and this ranged from 16.8% in Afghanistan to 97.0% in the Dominican Republic. In the Multilevel multivariable logistic regression model; age 20 to 34 (AOR = 1.267; 95%CI: 1.233–1.303)), age above 34 (AOR = 1.342; 95%CI: 1.302–1.384)), primary educated women (AOR = 1.529; 95%CI: 1.496–1.563), secondary educated women (AOR = 2.626; 95%CI: 2.561–2.694), higher educated women (AOR = 4.563; 95%CI: 4.341–4.796), middle wealth index (AOR = 1.033; 95%CI: 1.015–1.052), rich wealth index (AOR = 1.340; 95%CI: 1.284–1.399), having media exposure (AOR = 1.273; 95%CI: 1.251–1.293)), employed women (AOR = 1.252; 95%CI: 1.212–1.293), and being Central America resident (AOR = 5.967; 95%CI: 5.655–6.297) were significantly associated with optimal ANC visits.
Conclusion
Maternal age, maternal education level, family size, number of children, sex of household head, wealth index, marital status, husband/partner education level, husband/partner occupation, maternal occupation, media exposure, place of delivery, and region were all significant predictors of optimal ANC visits in low- and middle-income countries. This discovery assists health care providers and policymakers in implementing appropriate policies and programs to ensure optimal ANC coverage. It is critical to develop strategies to improve antenatal care access and availability.
Prevalence and genetic analysis of porcine circovirus-like virus in pigs with diarrhea between 2016 and 2021 in Henan and Shanxi Provinces of China
Authors: Zhang Liu-Hui , Chen Xi-Meng , Li Hong-Xuan , Zhang Hong-Lei , Zheng Lan-Lan , Wang Lin-Qing , Chen Hong-Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Porcine circovirus-like virus (Po-Circo-like virus, PCLV), as a recently discovered virus, may be associated with diarrhea in pigs. To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic characteristics of the virus, one hundred and seventy-five clinical samples (141 intestinal samples, 17 blood samples and 17 fecal samples) were collected from diseased piglets during outbreaks of diarrhea on 33 pig farms in 19 cities of Henan and Shanxi Provinces of China between 2016 and 2021, and were screened by PCR for the presence of PCLV. The results showed that 32% (56/175) of diarrheal piglets were positive for PCLV, and 60.6% (20/33) of the pig farms and 57.9% (11/19) of the cities were positive for PCLV, which varied from 5.88–44.12% between 2016 and 2021. It was also found that PCLV might be co-infected with PRRSV, PCV2, PCV3, PCV4, and PEDV, but no nucleic acids were detected for TGEV, PDCoV and PRoV in piglets with diarrhea. Notably, only PCLV was detected in 13 diarrheal piglets from four of these farms, whereas other pathogens were negative. The findings suggest that PCLV has been circulating in piglets in Henan and Shanxi Provinces of China, and may be a diarrheal virus. The complete genomes of thirteen PCLV strains were sequenced, and these strains shared 35.4–91.0% genome nucleotide identity with those available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 13 PCLV strains in this study were clustered in Group 1, which closely related to 8 Chinese PCLV strains, Bo-Circo-like virus CH, two American strains 21 and 22, and two Hungary strains 288_4 and 302_4, but differed genetically from 7 other foreign PCLV strains. In addition, the whole genome and Rep gene of 13 PCLV strains in this study were 72.2% − 82% and 83.8% − 89.7% identity with those of Bo-Circo-like virus CH strain respectively, which provided further evidence for the hypothesis that PCLV is a novel virus in pigs that may be involved in cross-species transmission. Furthermore, a cross-recombination event was found in the genome and Rep region of the sequenced 13 PCLV strains. This research enriched the epidemiological data of PCLV infection in pigs in China and laid a foundation for further study on the pathogenesis of PCLV.
Elucidating the Reaction Pathways of Veratrylglycero-β-guaiacyl Ether Degradation Over Metal-Free Solid Acid Catalysts with Hydrogen
Authors: Ruan Hao , Xu Zhangyang , Kumar Adarsh , Feng Maoqi , Lipton Andrew , Walter Eric , Gieleciak Rafal , Paudel Hari , Duan Yuhua , Yang Bin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Efficient conversion of lignin to high-yield aromatic compounds for the potential production of fuels and chemicals is vital to the economics of the modern biorefinery industry. Herein, we report a novel catalytic process involving the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds, which are the major interunit linkages in native lignin. This work is distinct in that a detailed mechanistic analysis of the reaction pathways of veratrylglycero-β-guaiacyl ether (VGE) catalyzed by transition-metal-free solid acid zeolite under aqueous conditions at high hydrogen pressure has been performed. VGE degradation produced high yields of monomers (~ 87%), including guaiacol (48.2%), 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (10.3%), 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanol (6.1%), 3,4-dimethoxyphenylpropanol (4.7%), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (4.1%), and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene (2%), which were identified and confirmed by both the in-situ solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C NMR under real-time conditions and two-dimensional gas chromatography analysis. The variety of products reveal the crucial roles of hydrogen, water, and acid sites for heterolytic cleavage of the β-O-4 bond in VGE. Decarbonylation, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and dehydration reaction pathways are proposed and further validated using first-principles calculations.
A rare case of maxillary Amelobastic Carcinoma presenting with unilateral nasal obstruction
Authors: Howard Theodore. , Williams Isabelle. , Lion Peter. , Clarke Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic tumour with histologic features of ameloblastoma but with malignant potential. The majority occur in the mandible, arising de novo, or develop from pre-existing a benign ameloblastoma or odontogenic cysts. They typically present as a rapidly progressing, painful swelling of the face. Maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma is exceedingly rare and when reported, can present in a similar manner to mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma.
We present a case of maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma in a 78-year-old man presenting with a 12-month history of unilateral nasal obstruction and frontal headaches. A benign-looking nasal lesion was identified and the patient was diagnosed with nasal polyps and underwent biopsy. However, histopathological examination of the lesion together with radiological imaging pointed towards a diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma. The patient was referred to our tertiary skull base centre and underwent successful treatment with radical surgical resection via a midfacial degloving approach. Final pathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma.
This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of an exceptionally rare malignancy, contributing to the growing number of reported cases in the literature of maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma.
Increased BMI and late-life mobility dysfunction; overlap of genetic effects in brain regions
Authors: Chang Xuling , Chua Kevin Yiqiang , Ng Fang Lin , Wang Ling , Liu Jianjun , Yuan Jian-Min , Khor Chiea Chuen , Heng Chew-Kiat , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
How obesity earlier in life impacts upon mobility dysfunctions in late life is not well understood. Pernicious effects of excess weight on the musculoskeletal system and mobility dysfunctions are well-recognized. However, increasingly more data support the link of obesity to overall motor defects that are regulated in the brain.
Objectives
To assess the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) at midlife and performance of the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) in late life among a population-based longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults living in Singapore.
Methods
We evaluated genetic predispositions for BMI in 8342 participants who were followed up from measurement of BMI at average 53 years, to TUG test (as a functional mobility measure) 20 years later.
Results
A robust 75.83% of genetically determined BMI effects on late life TUG scores was mediated through midlife BMI (Pindirect−effect = 9.24×10− 21). Utilizing Mendelian randomization, we demonstrated a causal effect between BMI and functional mobility in late life (βIVW = 0.180, PIVW = 0.001). Secondary gene enrichment evaluations highlighted down-regulation of genes at BMI risk loci that were correlated with poorer functional mobility in the substantia nigra and amygdala regions as compared to all other tissues. These genes also exhibit differential expression patterns during human brain development.
Conclusions
We report a causal effect of obesity on mobility dysfunction. Our findings highlight potential neuronal dysfunctions in regulating predispositions on the causal pathway from obesity to mobility dysfunction.