bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Akogu M. , Iwueze M. O. , Akulue J. C. , Elosiuba N. V. 
Published: September 2022

Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa. It is a major contributor to adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. This work was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Awka. Microscopy was used to determine the prevalence of malaria among the pregnant women, while structure questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge and use of IPTp and LLINs among thepregnant women. Out of the 300 pregnant women screened for malaria, 184 (61.3%) were positive for malaria parasite.of 184 positive for malaria, 130(47.1%) had mild malaria, 49(27.0%) moderate infection, while 5(2.7%) had severe malaria. Of the 184 pregnant women positive for malaria parasite, those less than 20 years (70.0%) were more infected with malaria parasite, followed by 21-30 years (65.4%), while 41 years and above (20.0%) years were the least infected. Those in their first trimester had the highest prevalence of malaria (76.2%). Primigravidae (64.5%) were more infected than multigravidae (56.1%) Pregnant women with non formal education were most infected (95.0%), followed by primary education (27.3%), while secondary education showed the lowest rate of malaria in pregnancy (92.9%). Farmers reported the highest cases(86.3%) of malaria in pregnancy, while civil servants reported the least (27.3%). Married women showed the highest cases of malaria in pregnancy (65.1%), while single reported the least (51.0%).the knowledge and compliance of IPTp among the pregnant women studied were 84.7% and 52.7% respectively, while knowledge of LLINs was 51.7%. intensified health education is needed to reducethe burden of malaria among pregnant womenin Awka.
Choroid plexus volume in multiple sclerosis predicts expansion of chronic lesions and brain atrophy
Authors: Klistorner Samuel , Barnett Michael H. , Parratt John , Yiannikas Con , Graham Stuart L. , Klistorner Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies suggested that the expansion of long‐standing multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and an enlargement of choroid plexus may be linked to chronic inflammation and microglial activation. We investigated the potential association between plexus volume and subsequent lesion expansion in patients with relapsing‐remitting MS.MethodsPre‐ and post‐gadolinium 3D‐T1, 3D FLAIR and diffusion tensor images were acquired from 49 patients. Choroid plexus (CP) volume (normalised by Total Intracranial Volume, TIV) and lesion activity were analysed between baseline and 48 months. In addition, plexus volume was measured in 40 healthy controls of similar age and gender.ResultsBaseline CP/TIV ratio was significantly larger in RRMS patients compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). CP/TIV ratio remained stable in RRMS patients during follow‐up period. There was a strong correlation between baseline CP/TIV ratio and subsequent rate of chronic lesion expansion (p < 0.001), which was stronger in close proximity to CSF. A cut‐off of 98 × 10−5 CP/TIV ratio predicted future lesion expansion with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 76%. CP/TIV ratio larger than a cut‐off was associated with >8‐fold increased risk of chronic lesion expansion. Baseline CP/TIV ratio was also associated with change in Mean Diffusivity (MD) inside of chronic lesions. Furthermore, baseline CP/TIV ratio significantly correlated with central brain atrophy. There was, however, no correlation between CP/TIV ratio and volume of new lesions.InterpretationOur data demonstrate that baseline CP/TIV ratio predicts subsequent expansion of chronic periventricular MS lesions and associated tissue damage within and outside of chronic lesions.
A population‐based meta‐analysis of circulating GFAP for cognition and dementia risk
Authors: Gonzales Mitzi M. , Wiedner Crystal , Wang Chen‐Pin , Liu Qianqian , Bis Joshua C. , Li Zhiguang , Himali Jayandra J. , Ghosh Saptaparni , Thomas Emy A. , Parent Danielle M. , Kautz Tiffany F. , Pase Matthew P. , Aparicio Hugo J. , Djoussé Luc , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Psaty Bruce M. , Longstreth William T. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Mbangdadji Djass , Lopez Oscar L. , Yaffe Kristine , Sidney Stephen , Bryan R. Nick , Nasrallah Ilya M. , DeCarli Charles S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Launer Lenore J. , Fornage Myriam , Tracy Russell P. , Seshadri Sudha , Satizabal Claudia L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveExpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive astrocytosis, colocalizes with neuropathology in the brain. Blood levels of GFAP have been associated with cognitive decline and dementia status. However, further examinations at a population‐based level are necessary to broaden generalizability to community settings.MethodsCirculating GFAP levels were assayed using a Simoa HD‐1 analyzer in 4338 adults without prevalent dementia from four longitudinal community‐based cohort studies. The associations between GFAP levels with general cognition, total brain volume, and hippocampal volume were evaluated with separate linear regression models in each cohort with adjustment for age, sex, education, race, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, site, and time between GFAP blood draw and the outcome. Associations with incident all‐cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia were evaluated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Meta‐analysis was performed on the estimates derived from each cohort using random‐effects models.ResultsMeta‐analyses indicated that higher circulating GFAP associated with lower general cognition (ß = −0.09, [95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.15 to −0.03], p = 0.005), but not with total brain or hippocampal volume (p > 0.05). However, each standard deviation unit increase in log‐transformed GFAP levels was significantly associated with a 2.5‐fold higher risk of incident all‐cause dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.52–4.01)) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (HR: 2.54 [95% CI: 1.42–4.53]) over up to 15‐years of follow‐up.InterpretationResults support the potential role of circulating GFAP levels for aiding dementia risk prediction and improving clinical trial stratification in community settings.
Vestibular syncope: clinical characteristics and mechanism
Authors: Kwon Hanim , Kwon Eunjin , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Choi Jeong‐Yoon , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVestibular syncope is a condition in which vertigo‐induced hemodynamic changes cause syncope. This study investigated the clinical and laboratory findings of vestibular syncope and tried to refine our knowledge of the mechanism underlying this newly recognized entity.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 53 patients (33 women, median age = 63 years [interquartile range = 54–71 years]) with vestibular syncope from January 2017 to December 2021. To explain the mechanism of vestibular syncope, we incorporated a velocity‐storage model into the dual reflex pathways comprising the vestibulo‐sympathetic reflex and baroreflex and predicted the cardiovascular responses.ResultsTwenty (37.7%) patients had multiple episodes of vestibular syncope, and seven (13.2%) had potentially life‐threatening injuries. Meniere's disease (20.8%) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (9.4%) were the most common underlying vestibular disorders. Abnormal vestibular function tests included impaired cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials (57.5%) and positive head impulse tests (31.0%). Orthostatic hypotension was found in 19.5% of patients. Dyslipidemia (30.2%) and hypertension (28.3%) were common medical comorbidities. The dual reflex pathways incorporating the function of the velocity‐storage circuit in the brainstem and cerebellum suggest that vestibular syncope is a neurally mediated reflex syncope associated with a sudden hemodynamic change during vertigo. This change can be arterial hypertension triggered by a false downward inertial cue, as suggested previously, or hypotension driven by a false upward inertial cue.ConclusionsVestibular syncope is associated with various vestibular disorders and requires careful evaluation and intervention to prevent recurrent falls and significant injuries.
Surface Photon‐Engineered Infrared‐Black Metametal Enabled Enhancement of Heat Dissipation
Authors: Tian Yanpei , Liu Xiaojie , Xie Lijia , Xu Shilin , Chen Fangqi , Mu Ying , Liu Yang , Minus Marilyn L. , Zheng Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeat dissipation is a severe barrier for ever‐smaller and more functionalized electronics, necessitating the continuous development of accessible, cost‐effective, and highly efficient cooling solutions. Metals, such as silver and copper, with high thermal conductivity, can efficiently remove heat. However, ultralow infrared thermal emittance (<0.03) severely restricts their radiative heat dissipation capability. Here, a solution‐processed chemical oxidation reaction is demonstrated for transfiguring “infrared‐white” metals (high infrared thermal reflectance) to “infrared‐black” metametals (high infrared thermal emittance). Enabled by strong molecular vibrations of metal‐oxygen chemical bonds, this strategy via assembling nanostructured metal oxide thin films on metal surface yields infrared spectrum manipulation, high and omnidirectional thermal emittance (0.94 from 0 to 60°) with excellent thermomechanical stability. The thin film of metal oxides with relatively high thermal conductivity does not hinder heat dissipation. “Infrared‐black” meta‐aluminum shows a temperature drop of 21.3 °C corresponding to a cooling efficiency of 17.2% enhancement than the pristine aluminum alloy under a heating power of 2418 W m−2. This surface photon‐engineered strategy is compatible with other metals, such as copper and steel, and it broadens its implementation for accelerating heat dissipation.
Robust Nonspiro‐Based Hole Conductors for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Akin Seckin , Bauer Michael , Hertel Dirk , Meerholz Klaus , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Graetzel Michael , Bäuerle Peter , Dar M. Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite considerable development in performance, both poor operational stability and high costs associated with hole conductors such as 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) and Poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) need to be addressed by the research community. Here, two nonspiro hole transporting materials (HTMs), namely HTM‐1 and HTM‐2, are designed and straightforwardly synthesized exhibiting remarkable electrochemical properties and hole mobilities. In particular, the PSC based on the methoxy derivative (HTM‐2) exhibits a remarkable efficiency of 21.2% (stabilized efficiency of 20.8%), which is superior to the benchmark HTM spiro‐OMeTAD (stabilized efficiency of 20.4%). These results establish that the molecular design is effective in improving the performance of PSCs. Importantly, these two HTMs show admissible long‐term stability under different harsh conditions such as thermal stress up to 85 °C, high humidity level of 60% ± 10%, and continuous illumination over 1000 h. These insights allow correlating the impact of molecular design on optoelectronic properties of nonspiro‐based hole conductors with the overall device performance.
Gradient Adhesive Hydrogel Decorated Superhydrophilic Membranes for Ultra‐Stable Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Gao Shoujian , Chen Jinhao , Zheng Yanru , Wang Aqiang , Dong Dianyu , Zhu Yuzhang , Zhang Yatao , Fang Wangxi , Jin Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogels are excellent for protecting membranes from oil fouling for oil/water separation. However, conventional hydrogels including adhesive hydrogels have a contradictory between high adhesion on membranes and anti‐oil‐fouling ability. Herein, the design of an adhesive hydrogel on membranes is proposed by ingeniously integrating high adhesion on membranes, outstanding anti‐oil‐fouling ability, ultrathin thickness suitable for membrane decoration and satisfactory durability, where an inside‐out gradient distribution of adhesive protocatechuic acid (PCA) and hydrated calcium alginate (CaAlg) on membranes is constructed. The innermost PCA enables the adhesive hydrogel to tightly adhere to the membranes. The outermost CaAlg defends membranes from oil fouling. The gradient distribution and uniform integration of PCA/CaAlg guarantee an excellent stability. Membranes decorated with the adhesive hydrogel demonstrate superhydrophilicity, anti‐fouling to various oils, and anti‐abrasion to external damaging. The membranes achieve ultra‐stable and efficient separation of surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions and crude oil/water mixture with the most advanced cycling ability of ≈100% flux recovery and nearly zero irreversible oil fouling. This study provides a new strategy for designing anti‐oil‐fouling membranes toward practical oil/water separation applications.
Shape‐Controlled NaTaO3 by Flux‐Mediated Synthesis
Authors: Hong Kootak , Tan Shaun , McDermott Matthew J. , Huang Tianyi , Babbe Finn , Kodalle Tim , Gallant Max , Seo Sehun , Toma Francesca M. , Persson Kristin A. , Yang Yang , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNaTaO3 is a stable and wide bandgap n‐type semiconductor material with many different applications. Here, a flux‐mediated synthesis method is presented for NaTaO3 resulting in highly distinctive, substrate covering shapes via precursor chemistry variation at comparatively low temperatures. It is found that the microstructure of the resulting NaTaO3 films can be varied from nanocubes to smooth thin films. These shapes and surface chemistries can be correlated by employing density functional theory calculations and surface sensitive X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. This study provides guidance on how to synthesize the material and tailor its shape and surface termination for different applications. Finally, as a proof of concept of one possible application, NaTaO3 is applied to perovskite solar cells as the electron transport layer, resulting in conversion efficiencies of >19%. This study provides a new strategy for designing ternary oxide thin films for renewable energy applications.
Self‐Powered and Flexible Photodetector with High Polarization Sensitivity Based on MAPbBr3–MAPbI3 Microwire Lateral Heterojunction
Authors: Li Shun‐Xin , Xia Hong , Wang Lei , Sun Xiang‐Chao , An Yang , Zhu He , Bai Ben‐Feng , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssembling perovskites into heterojunctions is an effective approach to achieve high‐performance photodetectors. Compared with vertical heterojunctions, in lateral heterojunction‐based photodetectors, the reflection loss is reduced because the active layer is in direct contact with light resulting in higher performance and better stability. However, lateral perovskite–perovskite heterojunctions are difficult to achieve using solution methods because the first formed film is easily dissolved by the solvent of the second precursor. In this study, a two‐step imprinting method is developed to fabricate lateral MAPbI3–MAPbBr3 microwire heterojunctions and realize a high‐performance photodetector with a responsivity and detectivity of 1207 A W−1 and 2.78 × 1013 Jones, respectively. At 0 V bias, the device exhibits a responsivity of up to 233 A W−1, which is more than double the previously reported best results. The high‐quality heterojunction endows the photodetectors with ultra‐high polarization sensitivity (Imax/Imin = 8.2) and long‐term stability, retaining 88.2% of its initial performance even after being exposed to air for 391 d.
Pollen‐Based Magnetic Microrobots are Mediated by Electrostatic Forces to Attract, Manipulate, and Kill Cancer Cells
Authors: Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Fojtů Michaela , Vyskočil Jan , Cho Nam‐Joon , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNaturally occurring micro/nanoparticles provide an incredible array of potential sources when preparing hybrid micro/nanorobots and their intrinsic properties can be exploited as multitasking functionalities of modern robotics as well as ensuring their mass production availability. Herein, magnetic biological bots (BioBots) prepared from defatted sunflower pollen microparticles by ferromagnetic metal layer evaporation on one side of its surface are described. It is demonstrated that the methodology employed introduces magnetic properties to sunflower pollen microparticles‐based BioBots and enable their magnetic actuation. Interestingly, as‐prepared magnetic sunflower pollen‐based BioBots can naturally attract cancer cells due to their opposite charges (positive and negative, respectively). Such attracted cancer cells can then be transported by microrobots. This strong attraction also allows the delivery of drugs intended to kill the cancer cells. Sunflower‐based BioBots can be fabricated in large quantities, and are naturally programmable, making them promising candidates for cancer cell therapy.
Hierarchically Superhydrophobic Stereo‐Complex Poly (Lactic Acid) Aerogel for Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Zhang Mingtao , Hou Yangzhe , Pan Yamin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPassive radiative cooling technology provides a sustainable way of cooling by the combination of emitting heat to the cold universe and reflecting solar light without any energy input. However, the massive consumption of non‐degradable radiative cooling materials causes resource waste and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the cooling efficiency can be easily affected by dirt contamination in outdoor environments. Here, by the combination of biomimetic hierarchical structure design and stereo‐complex crystals, a degradable and superhydrophobic (152°) stereo‐complex poly (lactic acid) aerogel with low thermal conductivity (37 mW m–1 K–1), high compression strength (0.1 MPa) and self‐cleaning ability via a simple water‐assisted thermally induced phase separation method is developed. The optimal aerogel has a high sunlight reflection (89%) and strong infrared emissivity (93%) that gets a temperature drop of 3.5 °C during the daytime and 5.8 °C during the nighttime. This aerogel opens an environmentally sustainable pathway to radiative cooling applications.
Dual‐Functional, Multi‐Targeting GNNQQNY‐AIE Conjugates as Amyloid Probes and Amyloid Modulators via Amyloid Cross‐Seeding Principle
Authors: Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Gong Xiong , Zheng Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmyloid protein aggregation is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyloid‐β (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease, human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in type II diabetes, and human calcitonin (hCT) in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Significant efforts have been made to develop different diagnostic and prevention strategies for the early detection and intervention of these disease‐causative protein aggregates. However, conventional design wisdoms are mostly limited to the molecules with either single function (amyloid imaging or amyloid prevention) or single targeting protein (Aβ, hIAPP, or hCT). Here, a rational design strategy of an amyloid‐aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active molecule is demonstrated by conjugating an amyloid fragment of GNNQQNY (G7) with an AIE fluorescent molecule of triphenylvinyl benzoic acid (namely, G7‐TBA), making G7‐TBA as multiple‐target, dual‐function, amyloid probes and amyloid modulators for detecting, monitoring, and altering amyloid aggregation of three different amyloid proteins (Aβ, hIAPP, and hCT). G7‐TBA probe shows conformationally specific binding affinities to amyloid aggregates, switching from an “off” state (low fluorescence) for amyloid monomers to an “on” state (high fluorescence) for β‐structure‐rich amyloid oligomers and fibrils in aqueous solution. Further surface immobilization of TBA probes on surface plasmon resonance surfaces allows to amplify detection sensitivity and binding affinity to amyloid aggregates formed at different aggregation stages. G7‐TBA as amyloid modulator enables acceleration of amyloid fibrillization and selectively protects cells from hIAPP‐induced toxicity. The distinct amyloid detection and modulation of G7‐TBA are essentially derived from the cross‐seeding between G7 and amyloid aggregation via β‐structure interaction, which by far exceed the binding affinity between commercial ThT and amyloid aggregates. Such design concepts of amyloid‐AIE conjugates can be further explored as multiple‐function and target probes and/or modulators for biomedical applications.
Antiferromagnetic Inverse Spin Hall Effect
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhou Yongjian , Qiu Hongsong , Bai Hua , Chen Chong , Yu Weichao , Liao Liyang , Guo Tingwen , Pan Feng , Jin Biaobing , Song Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) is one of the accessible and reliable methods to detect spin current. The magnetization‐dependent inverse spin Hall effect has been observed in magnets, expanding the dimension for spin‐to‐charge conversion. However, antiferromagnetic Néel‐vector‐dependent ISHE, which has been long time highly pursued, is still elusive. Here, ISHE in Mn2Au/[Co/Pd] heterostructures is investigated by terahertz emission and spin Seebeck effect measurements, where [Co/Pd] possesses perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for out‐of‐plane polarized spin current generation and Mn2Au is a collinear antiferromagnet for the spin‐to‐charge conversion. The out‐of‐plane spin polarization (σz) is rotated toward in‐plane by the Néel vectors in Mn2Au, then the spin current is converted into charge current at two staggered spin sublattices. The ISHE signal is much stronger when the converted charge current is parallel to the Néel vector compared with its orthogonal counterpart. The Néel vector and resultant ISHE signals, which is termed as antiferromagnetic inverse spin Hall effect, can be switched. The finding not only adds a new member to the Hall effect family, but also makes antiferromagnetic spintronics more flexible.
Pivotal Routes for Maximizing Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cell Performance: Photon Propagation Management and Carrier Kinetics Regulation
Authors: Wu Hangjuan , Cheng Yajie , Ma Junjie , Zhang Jiahao , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin , Peng Shou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are ideal candidates for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and tandem solar cells (TSCs) owing to their tunable bandgap and high visible transparency. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ST‐PSCs is close to 15% with an average visible transmittance of over 20%, which still lags far behind the PCE of normal opaque PSCs. This can be attributed to the poor light utilization efficiency (LUE) of ST‐PSCs. Herein, the pivotal routes for maximizing LUE of ST‐PSCs in terms of photon propagation management and carrier kinetics regulation are systematically rationalized. First, the fundamental theoretical analyses on optical processes and electronic properties are provided. Then, insights on photon propagation management measures and carrier kinetics regulation strategies are provided. Furthermore, a summary of the promising commercial application of ST‐PSCs in BIPV and TSCs is provided. Finally, the main progress of ST‐PSCs is briefly summarized, and the directions for the commercialization of ST‐PSCs are proposed.