bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety-Related Outcomes of Novel mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Pregnancy
Authors: Nakahara Angela , Biggio Joseph R. , Elmayan Ardem , Williams Frank B. 
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the safety profile and demographic data for a cohort of pregnant individuals who received an mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.
Study Design Prospective cohort study (with exposure matching) of individuals with active pregnancy who underwent immunization with a novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccine matched 1:2 with vaccinated age-matched female nonregnant controls was carried out. The primary outcome was defined as any vaccine-related complaints as defined in the original safety data. Secondary outcomes included specific complaints, COVID-19 screening test, and positive COVID-19 test.
Results Eighty-three vaccinated pregnant persons were age-matched with 166 female controls, all of whom were vaccinated between December 2020 and January, 2021. There was no difference in race or ethnicity between the groups. The mean body mass index of pregnant patients was lower than that of controls (26.1 vs. 29.2, p = 0.002). The frequency of complaints following vaccine administration was not different between pregnant and nonpregnant patients (18.1 vs. 16.9%, p = 0.201). Pregnant individuals were more likely to report fever (4.8 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.044) and gastrointestinal symptoms (4.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.012).
Conclusions Side effect profiles of COVID-19 vaccine administration at our institution were relatively similar between pregnant and nonpregnant individuals and no serious complications occurred in either group. As COVID-19 infection in pregnancy can have significant morbidity, our data support the continued use of the vaccine for pregnant patients.
Key Points
Stroke and Thromboembolism in Patients with Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm: A Matter of Risk Stratification?
Authors: Rivas Angelica , Lauw Mandy N. , Schnabel Renate B. , Crowther Mark , Van Spall Harriette G. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with heart failure (HF) in sinus rhythm (SR) experience an increased incidence of thromboembolic events including stroke. Among patients with HF, high-quality evidence supports the use of oral anticoagulation when atrial fibrillation is present, but the benefit of anticoagulation in SR in the absence of other known indications for anticoagulation is unclear. In four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), warfarin did not improve a composite of clinical outcomes compared with aspirin or placebo in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and SR. A recent RCT assessed the efficacy of the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with HFrEF (including mildly reduced ejection fraction), SR, and coronary artery disease. While rivaroxaban had a neutral effect on the primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke, or all-cause mortality, exploratory analyses revealed a significant reduction in strokes. It is thus possible that a subgroup of patients with HFrEF who are at high risk of stroke may benefit from anticoagulation. The challenge is to adequately identify this subgroup and to balance the potential benefit of anticoagulation with the risk of major bleeding. There is also an unmet need for evidence around anticoagulation in HF with preserved ejection fraction and SR. This review explores the current evidence around anticoagulation in patients with HF and SR, identifies challenges regarding outcome definitions and patient selection, and offers suggestions for future research.
The Association of Twin Chorionicity with Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Cowherd Rachael B. , Cipres Danielle T. , Chen Liqi , Barry Olivia H. , Estevez Samantha L. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective Our objective was to investigate the association between maternal outcomes and twin chorionicity in a large, contemporary obstetric population.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single, large tertiary care center. Prenatal and inpatient records for all individuals with twin gestations were reviewed from 2000 to 2016. Patients with monoamniotic twins, higher-order multiples reduced to twins, multiple sets of twins in the study period, or undetermined chorionicity were excluded. Patients with monochorionic twins were compared with those with dichorionic twins. The co-primary outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and other maternal outcomes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations of chorionicity with maternal outcomes.
Results Of the 2,979 patients eligible for inclusion, 2,627 (88.2%) had dichorionic twin gestations and 352 (11.8%) had monochorionic twin gestations. Patients with monochorionic twins were less likely to self-identify as non-Hispanic White and to have conceived via assisted reproductive technology but were more likely to be publicly insured, multiparous and have prenatal care with a maternal–fetal medicine provider. Neither gestational diabetes mellitus (6.8% monochorionic vs. 6.2% dichorionic, p = 0.74; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.86) nor hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21.9% monochorionic vs. 26.3% dichorionic, p = 0.09; adjusted OR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71–1.38) differed by chorionicity. Of the secondary maternal outcomes, patients with monochorionic twins experienced a lower frequency of cesarean delivery (46.0 vs. 61.8%, p < 0.001), which persisted after multivariate analyses (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.80). There were no differences in preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, hemorrhage, hysterectomy, or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Conclusion The odds of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy do not appear to differ by twin chorionicity.
Key Points
Research on regional differences of the impact of clean energy development on carbon dioxide emission and economic growth
Authors: Jia Weiping , Jia Xianwen , Wu Ling , Guo Yanbing , Yang Teng , Wang Ermei , Xiao Pan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract“China is by far the world’s largest importer of oil and emitter of carbon dioxide.” Therefore, clean energy development (CED) is of great practical significance to reduce carbon dioxide emission (CDE), ensure energy security, and achieve green economic growth. What is the role of CED in reducing CDE? Can CED, which requires significant investment, promote economic growth? For the above aims, according to the panel data of 30 provinces composed of accurate data during 1979 to 2016 and prediction data from 2017 to 2030 in China, this research employs “a non-parametric and additive regression model” to explore the linear and nonlinear influence of CED on CDE and economic growth. The results show that CED does not play an essential role in reducing CDE and fostering economic growth from a linear perspective; the influence of CED on CDE and economic growth in China’s western, central and eastern regions is significantly different from a nonlinear perspective. Hence, the Chinese government ought to fully play the critical role of clean energy in reducing CDE and fostering economic growth.
All-solid-state pulsed current injection source based on the light initiated multi-gate semiconductor switches
Authors: Luan Chongbiao , Liu Hongwei , Ma Xun , Yuan Jianqiang , Wang Lingyun , Li Hongtao , Huang Yupeng , Kang Chuanhui 
Published: January 2022

To study the damage and protection mechanism of the transient electromagnetic pulse to the cables of the electronic equipment under test, an all-solid-state pulsed current injection source with light initiated multi-gate semiconductor switches is developed. The output peak current range of the prepared all-solid-state pulsed current injection source was 0.1–1 kA, the risetime was 18 ns, and the pulse width was 520 ns. In addition, the waveforms of the output peak current were consistent.
Individuals with adverse childhood experiences explore less and underweight reward feedback
Authors: Lloyd Alex , McKay Ryan Thomas , Furl Nicholas 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are extreme stressors that have a profound impact on cognitive development. Using an explore/exploit foraging paradigm, we demonstrate that ACEs are associated with reduced exploration, leading these individuals to accumulate fewer rewards from their environment. Using computational modeling, we identify that reduced exploration is associated with ACE-exposed individuals underweighting reward feedback, which highlights a cognitive mechanism that may link childhood trauma to the onset and maintenance of psychopathology.
Cryptochrome proteins regulate the circadian intracellular behavior and localization of PER2 in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons
Authors: Smyllie Nicola J. , Bagnall James , Koch Alex A. , Niranjan Dhevahi , Polidarova Lenka , Chesham Johanna E. , Chin Jason W. , Partch Carrie L. , Loudon Andrew S. I. , Hastings Michael H. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock of the mammalian brain, coordinates cellular clocks across the organism to regulate daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. SCN timekeeping pivots around transcriptional/translational feedback loops whereby PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) proteins associate and enter the nucleus to inhibit their own expression. The individual and interactive behaviors of PER and CRY and the mechanisms that regulate them are poorly understood. We combined fluorescence imaging of endogenous PER2 and viral vector–expressed CRY in SCN slices and show how CRYs, acting via their C terminus, control nuclear localization and mobility of PER2 to dose-dependently initiate SCN timekeeping and control its period. Our results reveal PER and CRY interactions central to the SCN clockwork.
Carcinomas assemble a filamentous CXCL12–keratin-19 coating that suppresses T cell–mediated immune attack
Authors: Wang Zhikai , Moresco Philip , Yan Ran , Li Jiayun , Gao Ya , Biasci Daniele , Yao Min , Pearson Jordan , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Janowitz Tobias , Zaidi Raza M. , Weiss Matthew J. , Fearon Douglas T. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Carcinomas resist immunotherapy because T cells are absent from nests of cancer cells. The chemokine/chemokine receptor system, which regulates the migration of immune cells, is a candidate for this impaired intratumoral accumulation of T cells. Cancer cells in human pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancers are coated with the chemokine CXCL12 in the form of covalent heterodimers with keratin-19. This CXCL12 coating was investigated using a mouse model of pancreatic cancer that replicates the immunological characteristics of human cancer. Mouse pancreatic cancer cells without the CXCL12 coating formed tumors that did not exclude T cells and responded to anti–PD-1 antibody treatment. Thus, the ability of cancer cells to coat themselves with CXCL12 may contribute to resistance to immunotherapy.
Cellular and molecular architecture of submucosal glands in wild-type and cystic fibrosis pigs
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Moninger Thomas O. , Thurman Andrew L. , Xie Yuliang , Jain Akansha , Zarei Keyan , Powers Linda S. , Pezzulo Alejandro A. , Stoltz David A. , Welsh Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Submucosal glands secrete antimicrobial proteins and mucus into the airway lumen to protect the lung by killing inhaled and aspirated pathogens and clearing them from the lung. They can also contribute to several lung diseases, including the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. To better understand their structure and function, we isolated and studied submucosal glands from newborn pigs. Normal and cystic fibrosis submucosal glands were similar, suggesting that disease is due to loss of anion secretion rather than an intrinsic cell defect. By identifying submucosal gland cell types and the messenger RNA they express, the data aid understanding of submucosal gland function and provide a baseline for learning how environmental and genetic challenges contribute to lung disease.
Effects of single-photon double photoionization and direct double Auger decay on K-shell ionization kinetics of Ar atoms interacting with XFEL pulses
Authors: Li Yongjun , Gao Cheng , Zeng Jiaolong , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In studies investigating the interaction of matter with ultraintense, ultrashort x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses, the evolution kinetics are generally described by directly solving a time-dependent rate equation that considers single-photon and single-electron processes. In the present study, we show the effects of single-photon double photoionization and direct double Auger decay in the K-shell ionization kinetics of XFELs interaction with argon atoms. Because a huge number of coupled transition channels are present in the K-shell ionization, we develop a Monte Carlo method to simulate the complex ionization kinetic processes and give the level population evolution of ions and charge state distribution (CSD). The K-shell-dominated ionization dynamics of Ar irradiated by XFEL pulses with photon energies of 5000, 5500 and 6500 eV are investigated and compared with available experimental observations of the CSD. The results show that the population fractions of Ar5+, Ar6+ and Ar9+ are increased by 78%, 152% and 144%, respectively, by these higher-order processes at a photon energy of 5000 eV. Including the direct double-electron processes, the predicted CSDs are in better agreement with the experiments carried out at the photon energies of 5000, 5500 and 6500 eV. It is expected that the developed theoretical formalism can be used to more accurately calibrate the beam profile and intensity of XFELs.
Demonstrating the connection between uniform circular motion and simple harmonic motion with a 3D-printed model
Authors: Lazos Panagiotis , Kyriazopoulos Nikolaos , Nezis Anastasios 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The simple harmonic motion (SHM) is the simplest type of oscillatory motion. It is a key topic in most High School Physics curriculum with a rather demanding mathematical background for the students. A quite common approach for a better understanding of the motion is to visualize SHM as a projection of a uniform circular motion onto one axis. In this paper, we propose an experimental layout, which uses a specially designed object executing a uniform circular motion, in order to demonstrate the relationship between the changes in value and orientation of both the velocity and the acceleration vectors of its shadow that performs SHM. This idea was originally introduced in the second quarter of the 20th century and nowadays we combine it with the modern possibilities offered by 3D printing technology.
Analysis of respiratory kinematics: a method to characterize breaths from motion signals
Authors: Ashe William B , Innis Sarah E , Shanno Julia N , Hochheimer Camille J , Williams Ronald D , Ratcliffe Sarah J , Moorman J Randall , Gadrey Shrirang M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective.Breathing motion (respiratory kinematics) can be characterized by the interval and depth of each breath, and by magnitude-synchrony relationships between locations. Such characteristics and their breath-by-breath variability might be useful indicators of respiratory health. To enable breath-by-breath characterization of respiratory kinematics, we developed a method to detect breaths using motion sensors.Approach.In 34 volunteers who underwent maximal exercise testing, we used 8 motion sensors to record upper rib, lower rib and abdominal kinematics at 3 exercise stages (rest, lactate threshold and exhaustion). We recorded volumetric air flow signals using clinical exercise laboratory equipment and synchronized them with kinematic signals. Using instantaneous phase landmarks from the analytic representation of kinematic and flow signals, we identified individual breaths and derived respiratory rate (RR) signals at 1 Hz. To evaluate the fidelity of kinematics-derived RR, we calculated bias, limits of agreement, and cross-correlation coefficients (CCC) relative to flow-derived RR. To identify coupling between kinematics and flow, we calculated the Shannon entropy of the relative frequency with which flow landmarks were distributed over the phase of the kinematic cycle.Main Results.We found good agreement in the kinematics-derived and flow-derived RR signals [bias (95% limit of agreement) = 0.1 (± 7) breaths/minute; CCC median (IQR) = 0.80 (0.48–0.91)]. In individual signals, kinematics and flow were well-coupled (entropy 0.9–1.4 across sensors), but the relationship varied within (by exercise stage) and between individuals. The final result was that the flow landmarks did not consistently localize to any particular phase of the kinematic signals (entropy 2.2–3.0 across sensors).Significance.The Analysis of Respiratory Kinematics method can yield highly resolved respiratory rate signals by separating individual breaths. This method will facilitate characterization of clinically significant breathing motion patterns on a breath-by-breath basis. The relationship between respiratory kinematics and flow is much more complex than expected, varying between and within individuals.
Memristor-based time-delay hyperchaotic system with circuit simulation and image encryption
Authors: Sun Shuqi , Shi Hang , Duan Shukai , Wang Lidan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In present context, researchers have only found that memristor-based time-delay (MBTD) chaotic systems have rich dynamic behavior, but there are still many shortcomings in analyses and applications of MBTD chaotic systems. In this paper, relying on a memristor-based 4D chaotic system, by introducing delay parameters into this system, we not only find that the Lyapunov exponents (LEs) of the system change from one positive to multiple positive, i.e., the system changes from chaotic to hyperchaotic. And the coexistence of the system becomes more obvious. Although the circuit design of the delayed chaotic system is complex, the circuit implementation in Multisim is still given in this work. Ultimately, a novel digital image encryption algorithm based on this system is explained in details by introducing a hash algorithm. The proposed encryption algorithm, with strong robustness to external interference, good key sensitivity and good plaintext sensitivity, can handle images of different shapes, can effectively implement plaintext image encryption, and can resist differential attacks. All of the above further illustrate the advantages of the encryption algorithm and good randomness of the 4D MBTD hyperchaotic system.
Room temperature deposited silver oxide films by dc magnetron sputtering with high sputtering power: effect of deposition time on microstructure, electrical and optical properties
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Li Binqi , Liu Shuaiyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A series of non-stoichiometric p-type silver oxide (AgxO) films are room temperature deposited on glass substrates at different deposition time (td) by dc magnetron sputtering with high sputtering power. The evolution in component and the change in electrical and optical properties of the films with td are studied by XRD, SEM, EDS, visible-infrared spectroscopy and Hall data. The p-type conduction of cubic AgO and Ag2O phases is also proposed in mechanism. The evolution in component from AgO to almost Ag2O and the change in microstructure with td are caused by the thermal decomposition of AgO phase induced by high sputtering power. The film’s absorption edge firstly redshifts from 2.8 to 2.3 eV with increase of td from 2 min to 15 min, and then is suddenly reduced to 1.25 eV of cubic phase Ag2O at 20 min td. The phases AgO and Ag2O both have p-type conduction characteristics, mainly due to the Ag vacancies and O vacancies, respectively. The free carrier concentration and the resistivity of the films are both increased and reduced with increase of td. The AgxO film with 15 min td is the highest in p-type conduction ability due to the highest free carrier concentration and mobility, and thus is capable of being the candidate of hole-transporting layer materials of perovskite solar cells.
Sterile neutrino dark matter in a U(1) extension of the standard model
Authors: Iwamoto Sho , Seller Károly , Trócsányi Zoltán 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We explore the parameter space of a U(1) extension of the standard model — also called the super-weak model — from the point of view of explaining the observed dark matter energy density in the Universe. The new particle spectrum contains a complex scalar singlet and three right-handed neutrinos, among which the lightest one is the dark matter candidate. We explore both freeze-in and freeze-out mechanisms of dark matter production. In both cases, we find regions in the plane of the super-weak coupling vs. the mass of the new gauge boson that are not excluded by current experimental constraints. These regions are distinct and the one for freeze-out will be explored in searches for neutral gauge boson in the near future.
Black holes in f(T,B) gravity: exact and perturbed solutions
Authors: Bahamonde Sebastian , Golovnev Alexey , Guzmán María-José , Said Jackson Levi , Pfeifer Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spherically symmetric solutions of theories of gravity built one fundamental class of solutions to describe compact objects like black holes and stars. Moreover, they serve as starting point for the search of more realistic axially symmetric solutions which are capable to describe rotating compact objects. Theories of gravity that do not possess spherically symmetric solutions which meet all observational constraints are easily falsified. In this article, we discuss classes of exact and perturbative spherically symmetric solutions in f(T,B)-gravity. The perturbative solutions add to the ones which have already been found in the literature, while the exact solutions are presented here for the first time. Moreover, we present general methods and strategies, like generalized Bianchi identities, to find spherically solutions in modified teleparallel theories of gravity.
helicity form factors and the

decays *
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhang Yi , Zeng Long , Fu Hai-Bing , Wu Xing-Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we calculate the

helicity form factors (HFFs) up to twist-4 accuracy by using the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach. After extrapolating those HFFs to the physically allowable

region, we investigate the

-meson two-body decays and semi-leptonic decays

, where

stand for light pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively. The branching fractions can be derived using the CKM matrix element and the

lifetime from the Particle Data Group, and we obtain

,

,

,

,

and

. We then obtain

and

, which agree with the LHCb measured value within

-error. We also obtain

, which like other theoretical predictions, is consistent with the LHCb measured value within

-error. These imply that the HFFs under the LCSR approach are also applicable to the

meson two-body decays and semi-leptonic decays

, and the HFFs obtained using LCSR in a new way implies that there may be new physics in the

semi-leptonic decays.