bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Manganese‐Based Metal–Organic Framework as a Cold‐Adapted Nanozyme
Authors: Chen Yao , Tian Qing , Wang Haoyu , Ma Ruonan , Han Ruiting , Wang Yu , Ge Huibin , Ren Yujing , Yang Rong , Yang Huimin , Chen Yinjuan , Duan Xuezhi , Zhang Lianbing , Gao Jie , Gao Lizeng , Yan Xiyun , Qin Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of cold‐adapted enzymes with high efficiency and good stability is an advanced strategy to overcome the limitations of catalytic medicine in low and cryogenic temperatures. In this work, inspired by natural enzymes, a novel cold‐adapted nanozyme based on a manganese‐based nanosized metal–organic framework (nMnBTC) is designed and synthesized. The nMnBTC as an oxidase mimetic not only exhibits excellent activity at 0 °C, but also presents almost no observable activity loss as the temperature is increased to 45 °C. This breaks the traditional recognition that enzymes show maximum activity only under specific psychrophilic or thermophilic condition. The superior performance of nMnBTC as a cold‐adapted nanozyme can be attributed to its high‐catalytic efficiency at low temperature, good substrate affinity, and flexible conformation. Based on the robust performance of nMnBTC, a low‐temperature antiviral strategy is developed to inactivate influenza virus H1N1 even at −20 °C. These results not only provide an important guide for the rational design of highly efficient artificial cold‐adapted enzymes, but also pave a novel way for biomedical application in cryogenic fields.
A Smart “Energy NanoLock” Selectively Blocks Oral Cancer Energy Metabolism through Synergistic Inhibition of Exogenous Nutrient Supply and Endogenous Energy Production
Authors: Xu Yurui , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhou Anwei , Cheng Can , Chen Kerong , Zhou Xinyuan , Zhang Gui , Ding Likang , Wu Xiaotong , Ge Haixiong , Wu Heming , Ning Xinghai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe major challenge in oral cancer is the lack of state‐of‐the‐art treatment modality that effectively cures cancer while preserving oral functions. Recent insights into tumor metabolic dependency provide a therapeutic opportunity for exploring optimal treatment approaches. Herein, a smart responsive “Energy NanoLock” is developed to improve cancer metabolic intervention by simultaneously inhibiting nutrient supply and energy production. NanoLock is a pomegranate‐like nanocomplex of cyclicRGD‐modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CyclicRC, pI = 6.7) encapsulating indocyanine green and apoptotic peptides functionalized gold nanoparticles (IK‐AuNPs), which together form a dual pH‐ and photoresponsive therapeutic platform. NanoLock exhibits good stability under physiological conditions, but releases small‐size CyclicRC and IK‐AuNPs in response to the tumor acidic microenvironment, leading to deep tumor penetration. CyclicRC targets integrins to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and consequently blocks tumor nutrient supply. Meanwhile, IK‐AuNPs specifically induce apoptotic peptides and photothermally mediated mitochondrial collapse, and consequently inhibits endogenous energy production, thereby facilitating cell death. Importantly, in both xenograft and orthotopic oral cancer models, NanoLock selectively eliminates tumors with little cross‐reactivity with normal tissues, especially oral functions, resulting in prolonged survival of mice. Therefore, NanoLock provides a novel metabolic therapy to exploit synergistic inhibition of exogenous nutrient supply and endogenous energy production, which potentially advances oral cancer treatment.
A Therapeutic Nanovaccine that Generates Anti‐Amyloid Antibodies and Amyloid‐specific Regulatory T Cells for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jung Mungyo , Lee Songmin , Park Sohui , Hong Jihye , Kim Cheesue , Cho Illhwan , Sohn Hee Su , Kim Kyunghwan , Park In Wook , Yoon Soljee , Kwon Sungpil , Shin Jisu , Lee Donghee , Kang Mikyung , Go Seokhyung , Moon Sangjun , Chung Yeonseok , Kim YoungSoo , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex condition characterized by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms including amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and neuroinflammation in the brain. The current immunotherapy approaches, such as anti‐Aβ monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, Aβ vaccines, and adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell transfer, target a single pathophysiological mechanism, which may lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, Aβ vaccines often induce T helper 1 (Th1) cell‐mediated inflammatory responses. Here, a nanovaccine composed of lipid nanoparticles loaded with Aβ peptides and rapamycin is developed, which targets multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, exhibits the combined effects of anti‐Aβ antibody therapy and adoptive Aβ‐specific Treg cell transfer, and can overcome the limitations of current immunotherapy approaches for AD. The Nanovaccine effectively delivers rapamycin and Aβ peptides to dendritic cells, produces both anti‐Aβ antibodies and Aβ‐specific Treg cells, removes Aβ plaques in the brain, alleviates neuroinflammation, prevents Th1 cell‐mediated excessive immune responses, and inhibits cognitive impairment in mice. The nanovaccine shows higher efficacy in cognitive recovery than an Aβ vaccine. Unlike anti‐Aβ mAb therapy and adoptive Treg cell transfer, both of which require complicated and costly manufacturing processes, the nanovaccine is easy‐to‐prepare and cost‐effective. The nanovaccines can represent a novel treatment option for AD.
3D Printing of Hierarchical Porous Steel and Iron‐Based Materials
Authors: Carpenter Julia A. , Passaleva Neri , Häring Magali , Mikl Gregor , Studart André R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIron is a cheap and environmentally friendly metal that is produced at the gigaton scale every year. While porous metals have long been used as filters in chemical processes and electrodes in functional devices, steel and iron‐based structures with highly tunable porosity have only recently been explored as sustainable, lightweight materials for a variety of structural, biomedical, and energy‐related applications. Here, an extrusion‐based 3D printing process is reported to manufacture steel‐ and iron‐based structures with ultrahigh porosity distributed over three hierarchical levels. Using particle‐stabilized foams as printing inks, pores are generated at multiple length scales by controlling the print path, the concentration of air bubbles in the ink, and the thermal reduction and sintering process of the metal oxide precursor particles. This enables the manufacturing of iron and iron‐based alloys with an elastic modulus above 300 MPa and a density below 1 g cm−3 while keeping the mechanical efficiency expected for porous structures. The potential applications of such hierarchical porous iron and iron alloys are illustrated by printing structures with tunable chemical compositions that are ultra‐lightweight, magnetoresponsive, and capable of spontaneously absorbing oil spills and of vaporizing liquids using low electric power.
Achieving 34.3% External Quantum Efficiency for Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diode by Molecular Isomer Engineering
Authors: Yang Tong , Liang Jixiong , Cui Yuanyuan , Li Zhiqiang , Peng Xiaomei , Su Shi‐Jian , Wang Yue , Li Chenglong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of red organic emissive materials with high‐efficiency and low‐cost is of great significance but formidable challenge for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, through isomer engineering, a pair of red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) isomers with Y‐shape and cruciform structures, namely TPA‐APQDCN‐Y and TPA‐APQDCN‐C, are developed by integrating two triphenylamine (TPA) donor moieties into different positions of rigid planar acenaphtho[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐9,10‐dicarbonitrile (APQDCN) acceptor core. Compared to common Y‐shape structure, the unique cruciform structure can result in the formation of intramolecular H‐bonding, the limited molecular packing, the balance of the contradiction between the small spatial overlap of frontier molecular orbitals, and high oscillator strength, contributing to a higher photoluminescence quantum yield of 95%, a smaller singlet–triplet energy split of 0.24 eV and a larger horizontal emitting dipole ratio of 86%. An external quantum efficiency of 34.3% with an emission peak at 610 nm is achieved for TPA‐APQDCN‐C based red electroluminescent device, which is the highest value for red TADF‐OLEDs with emission maximum beyond 600 nm ever reported.
Fabrication of Gyroid‐Structured Metal/Semiconductor Nanoscaffolds with Ultrasensitive SERS Detection via Block Copolymer Templating
Authors: Lu Ying‐Chun , Tseng Pei‐Chieh , Yang Min‐Jung , Wang Cheng‐Jie , Ling Yi‐Chun , Lin Chia‐Feng , Hsueh Han‐Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a label‐free and powerful technique for monitoring dynamic molecular processes with high sensitivity and reproducibility. SERS has diverse applications in medicine, molecular science, biology, and chemical sensing. In this study, a template‐based approach to create an ultrasensitive SERS‐active substrate is proposed which involves combining nanostructured semiconductors and noble metals. A nanoporous polymer obtained from hydrolyzed gyroid‐forming polystyrene‐block‐poly(l‐lactide) (i.e., PS‐b‐PLLA) is used as a template for Ag reduction and TiO2 sol–gel reaction. After calcination to remove the polymeric template, TiO2 nanoscaffolds appear as self‐supporting 3D nanoobjects with homogeneously and closely distributed Ag nanoparticles, providing a high density of regions with intense local field enhancement (hotspots). Rhodamine 6G molecules are used as probe molecules to demonstrate the SERS performance, revealing a markedly high average enhancement factor of up to 1014. The intrinsic photocatalytic properties of TiO2 can degrade target organic chemicals for the self‐cleaning and reproduction of SERS‐active substrates. Moreover, a simple hydrazine reduction‐based approach is applied for the formation of regenerated Ag/TiO2 nanoscaffolds to reduce the use of Ag‐based SERS‐active substrates, decreasing the costs associated with relevant industrial processes.
Toward Sustainable and Cost‐Effective CO2 Conversion Processes to Propylene Carbonate Based on Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hernández Elisa , Belinchón Alejandro , Pachón Elia Ruiz , Navarro Pablo , Palomar José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of ionic liquids (ILs) for CO2 capture and utilization into a valuable product is attracting interest even though literature evaluating their sustainability is scarce. A liquid–liquid extraction (LLE)‐based separation is recently proposed as an alternative to the high energy‐consuming distillation‐based reference approach to produce propylene carbonate (PC). In this work, the environmental impacts associated to the distillation‐based reference and two proposed LLE‐based approaches to produce PC are evaluated by means of process modeling and life cycle impact assessment tools. Simulations prove that tuning operating variables in terms of environmental benefits also improves the cost‐effectiveness of the process. In addition, sustainability of the processes is nearly not altered by the IL selection when an effective recovery is designed. The emissions associated to the proposed approaches vary between 0.12 and 0.22 kg CO2 equiv. per kgPC, while the operational costs range from 3 to 8 $ per tPC. The water‐mediated LLE‐based approach imposes the best environmental, capital expenditures, and operating expenses performance.
Boosting the Fill Factor through Sequential Deposition and Homo Hydrocarbon Solvent toward Efficient and Stable All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Yu Han , Wu Xin , Zhao Dan , Zhang Shoufeng , Zou Xinhui , Li Bo , Gao Danpeng , Li Zhen , Xia Xinxin , Chen Xiankai , Lu Xinhui , Yan He , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Zhu Zonglong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have achieved impressive progress in photovoltaic performance and stabilities recently. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) still trail that of small‐molecular acceptor‐based organic solar cells (>19%) mainly because of the inferior fill factor (FF). Herein, a combined homo hydrocarbon solvent and sequential deposition (SD) strategy is presented to boost the FF of rigid all‐PSCs to 77.7% and achieve a superior PCE of 17.7% with excellent stability, which is among the highest efficiencies reported for all‐PSCs thus far. Meanwhile, a remarkable PCE of 14.5% is realized for flexible all‐PSCs with outstanding mechanical stability. The blend film morphologies measurements suggest that the SD method enables the formation of an ideal pseudo‐bilayer film with bicontinuous interdigitated structure and ordered polymer packing. The numerical simulation result indicates that the FF enhancement mainly results from the efficient exciton diffusion dynamics, increased carrier mobilities, and more balanced electron/hole mobility ratio induced by the developed SD method. This is also confirmed by the FF loss analysis, which manifests that the reduced series resistance and increased shunt resistance are the main reasons for the reduction of FF loss. This work provides a promising strategy to fabricate highly efficient and stable all‐PSCs to promote their future development and practical manufacturing.
The implementation of an enhanced clinical model to improve the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing for patients with a rare genetic disease: A Canadian experience
Authors: Ediae Grace Uwaila , Lemire Gabrielle , Chisholm Caitlin , Hartley Taila , Eaton Alison , Osmond Matthew , Rojas Samantha K. , Huang Lijia , Gillespie Meredith ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Sawyer Sarah L. , Boycott Kym M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe introduction of clinical exome sequencing (ES) has provided a unique opportunity to decrease the diagnostic odyssey for patients living with a rare genetic disease (RGD). ES has been shown to provide a diagnosis in 29%–57% of patients with a suspected RGD, with as many as 70% remaining undiagnosed. There is a need to advance the clinical model of care by more formally integrating approaches that were previously considered research into an enhanced diagnostic workflow. We developed an Exome Clinic, which set out to evaluate a workflow for improving the diagnostic yield of ES for patients with an undiagnosed RGD. Here, we report the outcomes of 47 families who underwent clinical ES in the first year of the clinic. The diagnostic yield from clinical ES was 40% (19/47). Families who remained undiagnosed after ES had the opportunity for follow‐up studies that included phenotyping and candidate variant segregation in relatives, genomic matchmaking, and ES reanalysis. This enhanced diagnostic workflow increased the diagnostic yield to 55% (26/47), predominantly through the resolution of variants and genes of uncertain significance. We advocate that this approach be integrated into mainstream clinical practice and highlight the importance of a coordinated translational approach for patients with RGD.
Hydrogeological Knowledge from Below: Water Expertise as a Republican Common in Early‐Modern Venice**
Authors: Omodeo Pietro Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay looks at early‐modern Venice hydroculture as a case of episteme from below. The forms of water knowledge it developed were multilayered and collective in their essence and solidly rested on a social experiential basis that was rooted in labour (especially fishing) and practices (especially water surveying and engineering). In accordance with the city's republican esprit (and correspondent political values), its episteme emerged as the encounter and negotiation between various institutions and groups: the fishermen of San Niccolò in Venice, the practitioners of the water magistrature and political authorities. This essay explores the institutional settings of this water culture, seen as an instance of bottom‐up epistemic construction. It especially addresses three historical instances: firstly, a seventeenth century program to map public waters in order to block their alienation for private fish farming; secondly, water officers’ interviews with fishermen aimed to assess the state of the lagoon hydromorphology and, thirdly, fishing regulations. Venice communitarian and circular forms of knowledge production are here contrasted to an opposite paradigm, which was embodied by the Galileian mathematician and Rome courtier, Benedetto Castelli. His interactions with the Republic of Venice on water management and his approach to hydraulic problems are revealing of an elitist and abstract understanding of scientific knowledge that guided political decisions from above without taking in any consideration the opinions of the ‘vulgar’. While his science was the expression of a top‐down political epistemology, Venetian water knowledge was more egalitarian. It left room for exchange, inclusiveness and bottom‐up codification; it valued the gathering of different experiences (including the fishermen's practical knowledge of their waters) and rested on a concrete and systemic (organicist) understanding of natural‐anthropic processes.
Autofluorescence prediction model for fluorescence unmixing and age determination
Authors: Eigenfeld Marco , Kerpes Roland , Whitehead Iain , Becker Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying various cell markers, such as viability, vitality, and individual cell age, at single‐cell stages. However, cell autofluorescence and marker fluorophore signals overlap at low fluorescence intensities. Thus, these signals must be unmixed before determining the age fraction.Methods and ResultsA comparison was made between principal component regression (PCR) and random forest (RF) to predict autofluorescence signals of Saccharomyces pastorianus var. carlsbergensis in a flow cytometer. RF provided better prediction results than the PCR and was therefore determined to be better suited for unmixing signals. In the subsequent application for unmixing the autofluorescence signal from the marker fluorophore signal, the Gaussian mixture analysis based on RF was in better agreement with the microscopy‐determined replicative age distribution than the PCR‐based method.ConclusionThe proposed approach of single‐laser spectral unmixing and subsequent Gaussian mixture analysis showed that the microscopy data was consistent with the unmixed fluorescence spectra. The demonstrated approach enables fast and reliable unmixing of flow cytometric spectral data using a single‐laser spectral unmixing method. This analysis method enables age determination of cells in industrial processes. This age determination allows for quantifying the yeast cell's age fractions, providing a detailed view of age‐related changes. Additionally, the bud scar labeling technique can be used to determine age‐related changes in Pichia pastoris yeast for biotechnological applications or recombinant protein expression.
Purification of Polysaccharides from Orostachys cartilaginous Cell Cultures by Macroporous Resin Absorption and Bioactivities of the Purified Polysaccharides
Authors: Xu Ya‐Nan , An Xiao‐Li , Han Lu , Piao Xuan‐Chun , Hao Yue‐Jun , Meng Wan , Lian Mei‐Lan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrostachys cartilaginous is a traditional herbal medicine and its cell cultures contain large amounts of polysaccharides. To utilize the cultured O. cartilaginous cells, this study purified the crude polysaccharides of O. cartilaginous cells by macroporous resin absorption and optimized the purification process in the experiment of orthogonal design with four factors (sample concentration and volume, and eluent concentration and volume) and three levels; the antibacterial and anti‐cancer effects of the purified polysaccharides (OTP) were further examined. The results showed that polysaccharide purity reached 95 % in the optimized group, i. e., 1.6 mg/mL of sample (crude polysaccharides) concentration, 3.0 bed volume (BV) of sample volume, 65 % eluent (ethanol) concentration, and 3.0 BV of eluent volume. In the antibacterial experiment, the growth of three bacterial species, i. e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was inhibited by OTP, whereas that of Escherichia coli was not affected; the largest diameter of the inhibitory zone was found on B. subtilis; the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and the electrical conductivity, nucleic acid, and protein levels of B. subtilis increased after OTP treatment, indicating that the inhibition of B. subtilis growth was caused by the leakage of cell contents. In the anti‐cancer experiment, OTP decreased the cell viabilities of the tested human cancer cells, i. e., AGS (gastric cancer), HCT116 (colon cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer), and the highest inhibitory effect was on HCT116. OTP promoted HCT116 apoptosis and affected the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, i. e., the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 decreased and that of bcl‐2 associated X protein, cytochrome c, caspase 9 and caspase 3 increased. The findings of the present study suggest that O. cartilaginous cell cultures have a potential application in food or drug production.
Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.
Authors: Zhuang Lei‐Xin , Liu Yan , Wang Si‐Yi , Sun Ye , Pan Juan , Guan Wei , Hao Zhi‐Chao , Kuang Hai‐Xue , Yang Bing‐You 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFour new sesquiterpenoids named atrchiterpenes A–D (1–4), a new natural product (5), and twelve known compounds (6–17) were isolated from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Compound 1 was a rare N‐containing eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenoid. Structure elucidation was performed by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D, 2D NMR spectra, and HR‐ESI‐MS. Compounds 6–11, 14, and 17 were reported from Atractylodes for the first time. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity activity. Compound 16 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 5.81±0.47.
Epigenetics and mitochondrial dysfunction insights into the impact of the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Guha Shreyoshi , Sesili Selvam , Mir Ishfaq Hassan , Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA metabolic problem occurs when regular functions of the body are disrupted due to an undesirable imbalance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common in this category. NAFLD is subclassified and progresses from lipid accumulation to cirrhosis before advancing to hepatocellular cancer. In spite of being a critical concern, the standard treatment is inadequate. Metformin, silymarin, and other nonspecific medications are used in the management of NAFLD. Aside from this available medicine, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has been emphasized as a means of combating this. Epigenetics, which has been attributed to NAFLD, is another essential feature of this disease that has emerged as a result of several sorts of research. The mechanisms by which DNA methylation, noncoding RNA, and histone modification promote NAFLD have been extensively researched. Another organelle, mitochondria, which play a pivotal role in biological processes, contributes to the global threat. Individuals with NAFLD have been documented to have a multitude of alterations and malfunctioning. Mitochondria are mainly concerned with the process of energy production and regulation of the signaling pathway on which the fate of a cell relies. Modulation of mitochondria leads to elevated lipid deposition in the liver. Further, changes in oxidation states result in an impaired balance between the antioxidant system and reactive oxygen species directly linked to mitochondria. Hence mitochondria have a definite role in potentiating NAFLD. In this regard, it is essential to consider the role of epigenetics as well as mitochondrial contribution while developing a medication or therapy with the desired accuracy.