bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GrpE is involved in mitochondrial function and is an effective target for RNAi‐mediated pest and arbovirus control
Authors: Huo Yan , Song Zhiyu , Wang Haiting , Zhang Ziyu , Xiao Na , Fang Rongxiang , Zhang Yuman , Zhang Lili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLaodelphax striatellus is a sap‐feeding pest and the main insect vector of rice stripe virus (RSV). There is an urgent need to identify molecular targets to control this insect pest and plant arboviruses. In this study, we identified a L. striatellus gene (named LsGrpE) encoding a GroP‐E‐like protein. We found that the LsGrpE protein localized to mitochondria. Using gene‐specific dsRNA to interfere with the expression of LsGrpE led to a significant increase in insect mortality, and most of the surviving insects could not develop into adults. Further analyses revealed that LsGrpE deficiency caused mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited the insulin pathway, resulting in diabetes‐like symptoms such as elevated blood sugar, inactive behaviour, developmental delay, and death. In addition, LsGrpE deficiency significantly reduced the RSV titre in surviving L. striatellus, and indirectly prevented viral vertical transmission by reducing the number of adults. We generated transgenic rice plants expressing LsGrpE‐specific dsRNA, and the dsRNA was acquired by L. striatellus during feeding, resulting in increased insect mortality and the prevention of arboviral transmission. This study clarifies the function of LsGrpE and demonstrates that LsGrpE can be used as a molecular target of plant‐generated dsRNA to resist this sap‐feeding pest, a17nd therefore, its transmitted arboviruses.
Activation pathways that drive CD4+ T cells to break tolerance in autoimmune diseases*
Authors: Krovi Sai Harsha , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are characterized by dysfunctional immune systems that misrecognize self as non‐self and cause tissue destruction. Several cell types have been implicated in triggering and sustaining disease. Due to a strong association of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC‐II) proteins with various autoimmune diseases, CD4+ T lymphocytes have been thoroughly investigated for their roles in dictating disease course. CD4+ T cell activation is a coordinated process that requires three distinct signals: Signal 1, which is mediated by antigen recognition on MHC‐II molecules; Signal 2, which boosts signal 1 in a costimulatory manner; and Signal 3, which helps to differentiate the activated cells into functionally relevant subsets. These signals are disrupted during autoimmunity and prompt CD4+ T cells to break tolerance. Herein, we review our current understanding of how each of the three signals plays a role in three different autoimmune diseases and highlight the genetic polymorphisms that predispose individuals to autoimmunity. We also discuss the drawbacks of existing therapies and how they can be addressed to achieve lasting tolerance in patients.
Effectiveness of late‐life depression interventions on functional limitations: A systematic review
Authors: Wassink‐Vossen Sanne , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Naarding Paul , Collard Rose M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTDepression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in older adults and leads to considerable decreases in health, well‐being, and impaired functioning. Intervention studies have focused on the effects on symptomatic recovery, and most do not include functional recovery as an outcome. Reduction of functional limitations as a treatment goal in old‐age psychiatry aligns with the values of older persons. The objective of this review was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of late‐life depression interventions on functional limitations. This systematic review identified 15 randomized controlled trials in which the effectiveness of different interventions on functional limitations was evaluated in patients with late‐life depression. The interventions were categorized into four categories: psychological interventions, drug treatment, physical exercise, and collaborative care. Multicomponent and collaborative‐care interventions appear to be the most promising for improvement of functional limitations, particularly in primary care and community‐dwelling populations of older persons with symptoms of depression. There is, however, a lack of evidence regarding studies in specialized mental health care.
Unlucky Number 13? Manipulating Evidence Subject to Snooping
Authors: Hassler Uwe , Pohle Marc‐Oliver 
Published: February 2022

SummaryQuestionable research practices have generated considerable recent interest throughout and beyond the scientific community. We subsume such practices involving secret data snooping that influences subsequent statistical inference under the term MESSing (manipulating evidence subject to snooping) and discuss, illustrate and quantify the possibly dramatic effects of several forms of MESSing using an empirical and a simple theoretical example. The empirical example uses numbers from the most popular German lottery, which seem to suggest that 13 is an unlucky number.
Supplemental or dietary intake of omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heo Hyojin , Bae Ji‐Hyun , Amano Atsuo , Park Teajun , Choi Youn‐Hee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the intervention effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on changes in periodontal parameters.Materials and MethodsThis meta‐analysis included studies published in English language between 2010 and 2020, which were extracted from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The effects of omega‐3 fatty acid intervention were investigated using the amount of omega‐3 intake, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The random‐effects model was generated for data analysis. To obtain robustness of the model, sensitivity analysis was implemented. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the intervention period for each parameter.ResultsAll 13 studies included in the meta‐analysis were interventional, randomized controlled trials. Two studies implemented omega‐3 fatty acid‐rich diets, while 11 studies used supplements. Risk of bias was low, and publication bias was not shown. Meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant PPD reduction (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.81, absolute mean difference [MD] = −0.44 mm), CAL gain (SMD = −0.77, MD = −0.51 mm), and BOP reduction (SMD = −0.65, MD = −9.45%) for the omega‐3 fatty acid intervention overall.ConclusionThis study suggests that supplemental or dietary intake of omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis may have a positive impact on the disease.
Causal effects of psychostimulants on neural connectivity: a mechanistic, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Yun , Kessel Ellen , Lee Seonjoo , Hong Susie , Raffanello Elizabeth , Hulvershorn Leslie A. , Margolis Amy , Peterson Bradley S. , Posner Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPsychostimulants are frequently used to treat attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but side effects are common leading to many patients discontinuing treatment. Identifying neural mechanisms by which psychostimulants attenuate symptoms may guide the development of more refined and tolerable therapeutics.MethodsWe conducted a 12‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (RCT) of a long‐acting amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine (LDEX), in patients with ADHD, ages 6–25 years old. Of the 58 participants who participated in the RCT, 49 completed pre‐ and post‐RCT magnetic resonance imaging scanning with adequate data quality. Healthy controls (HCs; n = 46) were included for comparison. Treatment effects on striatal and thalamic functional connectivity (FC) were identified using static (time‐averaged) and dynamic (time‐varying) measures and then correlated with symptom improvement. Analyses were repeated in independent samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 103) and the ADHD‐200 Consortium (n = 213).ResultsIn 49 participants (25 LDEX; 24 Placebo), LDEX increased static and decreased dynamic FC (DFC). However, only DFC was associated with the therapeutic effects of LDEX. Additionally, at baseline, DFC was elevated in unmedicated‐ADHD participants relative to HCs. Independent samples yielded similar findings – ADHD was associated with increased DFC, and psychostimulants with reduced DFC. Static FC findings were inconsistent across samples.ConclusionsChanges in dynamic, but not static, FC were associated with the therapeutic effects of psychostimulants. While prior research has focused on static FC, DFC may offer a more reliable target for new ADHD interventions aimed at stabilizing network dynamics, though this needs confirmation with subsequent investigations.
Creation of fragrant sorghum by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Zhang Dan , Tang Sanyuan , Xie Peng , Yang Dekai , Wu Yaorong , Cheng Shujing , Du Kai , Xin Peiyong , Chu Jinfang , Yu Feifei , Xie Qi 
Published: February 2022

SummarySorghum, the fifth largest cereal crop, has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing. Due to its high biomass and quality, it is also used as the second most planted silage resource. No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market. Through CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of SbBADH2, we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves. Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable. We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.
Microstructural examination of carbonated 3D‐printed concrete
Authors: Sanchez Asel Maria Aguilar , Wangler Timothy , Stefanoni Matteo , Angst Ueli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent interest in 3D printing with concrete has generated great interest on how inhomogeneities arise and affect performance parameters, in particular strength and durability. With respect to durability, of particular interest is how 3D‐printed layer interfaces can impact transport of species of interest, such as moisture, chlorides or carbon dioxide in carbonation processes. This is of particular interest considering that the primary use case of 3D‐printed concrete has been as a lost formwork for a cast structural concrete, and thus it is of interest to determine the carbonation resistance. This study consists of a preliminary look at the microstructure after accelerated carbonation of a 3D‐printed concrete used as a lost formwork. Preferential carbonation is observed in the layer interfaces compared to the bulk of the printed filaments, possibly related to porosity from air voids or a locally high capillary porosity corresponding to the lubrication layer.
Further delineation of familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) via whole‐exome sequencing: PCOS‐related rare FBN3 and FN1 gene variants are identified
Authors: Karakaya Cengiz , Çil Aylin Pelin , Bilguvar Kaya , Çakir Tunahan , Karalok Mete Hakan , Karabacak Recep Onur , Caglayan Ahmet Okay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo identify pathogenic rare coding Mendelian/high‐effect size variant(s) by whole‐exome sequencing in familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients to elucidate PCOS‐related pathways.MethodsTwenty women and their affected available relatives diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were recruited. Whole‐exome sequencing on germ‐line DNA from 31 PCOS probands and their affected relatives was performed. Whole‐exome sequencing data were further evaluated by pathway and chemogenomics analyses. In‐slico analysis of candidate variants were done by VarCards for functional predictions and VarSite for impact on three‐dimensional (3D) structures in the candidate proteins.ResultsTwo heterozygous rare FBN3 missense variants in three patients, and one FN1 missense variant in one patient from three different PCOS families were identified.ConclusionWe identified three novel FBN3 and FN1 variants for the first time in the literature and linked with PCOS. Further functional studies may identify causality of these newly discovered PCOS‐related variants, and their role yet remains to be investigated. Our findings may improve our understanding of the biological pathways affected and identify new drug targets.
The role of environmental exposures and gene–environment interactions in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Woo Jennifer M. P. , Parks Christine G. , Jacobsen Søren , Costenbader Karen H. , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease, whose etiology includes both genetic and environmental factors. Individual genetic risk factors likely only account for about one‐third of observed heritability among individuals with a family history of SLE. A large portion of the remaining risk may be attributable to environmental exposures and gene–environment interactions. This review focuses on SLE risk associated with environmental factors, ranging from chemical and physical environmental exposures to lifestyle behaviors, with the weight of evidence supporting positive associations between SLE and occupational exposure to crystalline silica, current smoking, and exogenous estrogens (e.g., oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormones). Other risk factors may include lifestyle behaviors (e.g., dietary intake and sleep) and other exposures (e.g., ultraviolet [UV] radiation, air pollution, solvents, pesticides, vaccines and medications, and infections). Alcohol use may be associated with decreased SLE risk. We also describe the more limited body of knowledge on gene–environment interactions and SLE risk, including IL‐10, ESR1, IL‐33, ITGAM, and NAT2 and observed interactions with smoking, UV exposure, and alcohol. Understanding genetic and environmental risk factors for SLE, and how they may interact, can help to elucidate SLE pathogenesis and its clinical heterogeneity. Ultimately, this knowledge may facilitate the development of preventive interventions that address modifiable risk factors in susceptible individuals and vulnerable populations.
Multi‐agent modeling of hazard–household–infrastructure nexus for equitable resilience assessment
Authors: Esmalian Amir , Wang Wanqiu , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfrastructure service disruptions impact households in an affected community disproportionally. To enable integrating social equity considerations in infrastructure resilience assessments, this study created a new computational multi‐agent simulation model, which enables integrated assessment of hazard, infrastructure system, and household elements and their interactions. With a focus on hurricane‐induced power outages, the model consists of three elements: (1) the hazard component simulates exposure of the community to a hurricane with varying intensity levels; (2) the physical infrastructure component simulates the power network and its probabilistic failures and restoration under different hazard scenarios; and (3) the households component captures the dynamic processes related to preparation, information‐seeking, and response actions of households facing hurricane‐induced power outages. We used empirical data from household surveys from three hurricanes (Harvey, Florence, and Michael) in conjunction with theoretical decision‐making models to abstract and simulate the underlying mechanisms affecting the experienced hardship of households when facing power outages. The multi‐agent simulation model was then tested in the context of Harris County, Texas, and verified and validated using empirical results from Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Then, the model was used to examine the effects of different factors—such as forewarning durations, social network types, and restoration and resource allocation strategies—on reducing the societal impacts of service disruptions in an equitable manner. The results show that improving the restoration prioritization strategy to focus on vulnerable populations is an effective approach, especially during high‐intensity events, to enhance equitable resilience. The results show the capability of the proposed computational model for capturing the dynamic and complex interactions in the nexus of households, hazards, and infrastructure systems to better integrate human‐centric aspects in resilience planning and assessment of infrastructure systems in disasters. Hence, the proposed model and its results could provide a new tool for infrastructure managers and operators, as well as for disaster managers, in devising hazard mitigation and response strategies to reduce the societal impacts of power outages in an equitable manner.
Hypotensive Anesthesia Combined with Tranexamic Acid Reduces Perioperative Blood Loss in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Yi , Huang Kai , Yin Shi‐Jiu , Wang Mi‐Ye , Liao Ren , Xie Hui‐Qi , Yang Jing , Zeng Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of hypotensive anesthesia (HA) combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) for reducing perioperative blood loss in simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (SBTHA).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, a total of 183 eligible patients (15 females and 168 males, 44.01 ± 9.29 years old) who underwent SBTHA from January 2015 to September 2020 at our medical center were enrolled for analysis. Fifty‐nine patients received standard general anesthesia (Std‐GA group), the other 85 and 39 patients received HA with an intraoperative mean arterial pressure between 70 and 80 mmHg (70–80 HA group) and below 70 mmHg (<70 HA group), respectively. TXA was administrated to all patients. Perioperative blood loss (total, dominant, and hidden), transfusion rate and volume, hemoglobin and hematocrit reduction, duration of operation and anesthesia, length of hospitalization, range of hip motion as well as postoperative complications were collected from hospital's electronic records and compared between groups.ResultsAll patients were followed for more than 3 months. Total blood loss in the two HA groups (1390.25 ± 595.67 ml and 1377.74 ± 423.46 ml, respectively) was significantly reduced compared with that in Std‐GA group (1850.83 ± 800.73 ml, P < 0.001). Both dominant and hidden blood loss were dramatically decreased when HA was applied (both P < 0.001). Accordingly, the transfusion rate along with volume in 70–80 HA group (14.1%, 425.00 ± 128.81 ml) and <70 HA group (12.8%, 340.00 ± 134.16 ml) were reduced in comparison with those in Std‐GA group (37.3%, 690.91 ± 370.21ml; P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). The maximal hemoglobin and hematocrit reduction in both HA groups were significantly less than those in Std‐GA group (both P < 0.001). Of note, 70–80 and <70 HA groups exhibited comparable efficacy with no significant differences between them. Besides, significant difference in duration of surgery was found among groups (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001), while no differences in anesthesia time and postoperative range of hip motion were observed. Regarding complications, the incidence of both acute kidney injury and postoperative hypotension in <70 HA group was significantly higher than that in 70–80 HA and Std‐GA groups (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001). Incidence of acute myocardial injury was similar among groups (P = 0.099) and no other severe complications or mortality were recorded.ConclusionThe combination of HA with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 70–80 mmHg and TXA could significantly reduce blood loss and transfusion during SBTHA, in addition to shortening operation time and length of hospitalization, and with no increase in complications.
Imperative role of trehalose metabolism and trehalose‐6‐phosphate signaling on salt stress responses in plants
Authors: Sarkar Anup Kumar , Sadhukhan Sanjoy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSugar transport and distribution have a direct impact on the growth and development of plants. Many sugars significantly influence salt stress response. The sensing of salt stress signals triggers a wide array of complicated network transduction pathways in plants. Trehalose and its intermediate compounds effectively modulate salt response and salt tolerance. Sugars such as trehalose and its derivatives not only serve as metabolic resources and structural components of cells in plants but also exhibit hormone‐like regulating properties. Trehalose has an important physiological role in improving plant tolerance against salinity stresses in different plants. Plants finely adjust their cytoplasmic compatible solute pool to cope with high salinity. Salt stress induces a variety of structural, anatomical, molecular, biochemical, and physiological changes in plants, all of which have a detrimental influence on plant growth and development. This review highlights the recent developments in understanding trehalose and trehalose‐6‐phosphate signaling processes in plants, especially their impacts on plants growing in salty environments.
Cross‐modal contextual memory guides selective attention in visual‐search tasks
Authors: Chen Siyi , Shi Zhuanghua , Zinchenko Artyom , Müller Hermann J. , Geyer Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisual search is speeded when a target item is positioned consistently within an invariant (repeatedly encountered) configuration of distractor items (“contextual cueing”). Contextual cueing is also observed in cross‐modal search, when the location of the—visual—target is predicted by distractors from another—tactile—sensory modality. Previous studies examining lateralized waveforms of the event‐related potential (ERP) with millisecond precision have shown that learned visual contexts improve a whole cascade of search‐processing stages. Drawing on ERPs, the present study tested alternative accounts of contextual cueing in tasks in which distractor‐target contextual associations are established across, as compared to, within sensory modalities. To this end, we devised a novel, cross‐modal search task: search for a visual feature singleton, with repeated (and nonrepeated) distractor configurations presented either within the same (visual) or a different (tactile) modality. We found reaction times (RTs) to be faster for repeated versus nonrepeated configurations, with comparable facilitation effects between visual (unimodal) and tactile (crossmodal) context cues. Further, for repeated configurations, there were enhanced amplitudes (and reduced latencies) of ERPs indexing attentional allocation (PCN) and postselective analysis of the target (CDA), respectively; both components correlated positively with the RT facilitation. These effects were again comparable between uni‐ and crossmodal cueing conditions. In contrast, motor‐related processes indexed by the response‐locked LRP contributed little to the RT effects. These results indicate that both uni‐ and crossmodal context cues benefit the same, visual processing stages related to the selection and subsequent analysis of the search target.
Weaponization of Wokeness: The Theater of Management and Implications for Public Administration
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M. , Bearfield Domonic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContemporarily, the word “woke” has moved into the popular lexicon, largely to mean aware of and ideally doing something about systemic racism. After the George Floyd murder, and many other state‐sanctioned murders of Black Americans, protests erupted globally, and public administrators responded either with actionable policy changes or sometimes symbolic, “woke” statements that did little to alter the system. In this conceptual paper, we explore the reasons for this via Baudrillard's phases of the image, showing how the word “woke” has moved from roots in the Black community to being weaponized today via its disconnection from this reality, thus trending toward its own hyperreality. In this final phase, the word “woke” has no connection to its former reality, leading to the passage of legislation that upholds White power structures.