bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential vestibular pathway impairment in children with recurrent vertigo: An investigation through air-conducted sound and galvanic vestibular stimulation-triggered vestibular evoked myogenic potentials
Authors: Sun Xiayu , Gao Dekun , Shen Jiali , Zhu Qi , Wang Lu , Ma Xiaobao , Wang Wei , Chen Xiangping , Zhang Qing , Jin Yulian , Chen Jianyong , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the potential vestibular pathway impairment through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and to explore the pathophysiological significance of these instrument-based findings in children with recurrent vertigo.Materials and methodsThe clinical data of 21 children (mean age 4.67 ± 1.39 years) diagnosed as RVC who met the inclusion criteria of the Bárány Society and 29 healthy children (mean age 4.83 ± 1.34 years) enrolled as the control group from February 2021 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All the subjects underwent both cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) triggered by air-conducted sound (ACS) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), respectively. The elicit rate, latency, and amplitude asymmetry ratio (AAR) of ACS-cVEMP, ACS-oVEMP, GVS-cVEMP, and GVS-oVEMP were analyzed.Results(1) The elicit rates of ACS-cVEMP and ACS-oVEMP were similar in the two groups (P &gt; 0.05), as well as GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP (P &gt; 0.05). (2) P1 and N1 latencies of ACS-cVEMP and GVS-cVEMP in the RVC group were longer than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). (3) The N1 latency of ACS-oVEMP in the RVC group was shorter than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the P1 latency of ACS-oVEMP (P &gt; 0.05). The N1 and P1 latencies of GVS-oVEMP were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05). (4) There was no statistical difference in the AAR of ACS-cVEMP and GVS-cVEMP. Although there was an increased AAR of ACS-oVEMP in the RVC group (P &lt; 0.05), the AAR was within the normal range. However, no statistical difference was found in the AAR of GVS-oVEMP in the two groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe latencies of ACS-cVEMP and GVS-cVEMP in children with recurrent vertigo were significantly prolonged compared with those in healthy children, and there was no difference in elicit rates of ACS-cVEMP and GVS-cVEMP, suggesting that there might be potential impairment in the inferior vestibular nerve and the subsequent nerve conduction pathway in RVC.
Linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses of sex-specific associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia
Authors: Zou Chenfeng , Wang Zhenqian , Huang Wenyu , Lu Jiawen , Guo Vivian Yawei , Zhang Yuying , Zang Shufei , Yang Jinying , Han Liyuan , Jiang Guozhi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested a potential non-linear association between sleep duration and hyperuricemia. However, the causal nature and sex-specific differences are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the shape of sex-specific causal associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia in the UK Biobank.MethodsLogistic regression was used to investigate the observational association between self-reported sleep duration and hyperuricemia among 387,980 white British participants (mean age: 56.9 years and 46.0% males). Linear and non-linear Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the causal association between continuous sleep duration and hyperuricemia. The causal effects of genetically predicted short (&lt;7 h) and long (&gt;8 h) sleep durations on hyperuricemia were further estimated, respectively.ResultsTraditional observational analysis suggested U- and J-shaped associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia in females and males, respectively. Linear MR did not support the causal effect of sleep duration on hyperuricemia. Non-linear MR demonstrated an approximately U-shaped causal association between continuous sleep duration and hyperuricemia in overall participants and females, but not in males. Genetically predicted short sleep duration was significantly associated with hyperuricemia in females (OR [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.08–1.36]; P = 0.001), but not in males (1.08 [0.98–1.18]; P = 0.137). By contrast, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in either females or males.ConclusionGenetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor for hyperuricemia for females but has little effect on males. Long sleep duration does not appear to be causally associated with hyperuricemia.
The clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Ke Li-qin , Shi Ming-jie , Zhang Fei-zhou , Wu Hu-jun , Wu Lei , Tang Lan-fang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveFlexible bronchoscopy is widely used in infants and it plays a crucial role. The aim of this study was to investigate the value and clinical safety of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 116 neonates who underwent flexible bronchoscopy and the outcomes of 147 procedures. A correlation analysis was performed on the relationship between flexible bronchoscopy findings, microscopic indications, and clinical disease.ResultsThe 147 procedures performed were due to the following reasons: problems related to artificial airways, 58 cases (39.45%); upper respiratory problems, 60 cases (40.81%) (recurrent dyspnea, 23 cases; upper airway obstruction, 17 cases; recurrent stridor, 14 cases; and hoarseness, six cases), lower respiratory problems, 51 cases (34.69%) (persistent pneumonia, 21 cases; suspicious airway anatomical disease, 21 cases; recurrent atelectasis, eight cases; and pneumorrhagia, one case), feeding difficulty three cases (2.04%). The 147 endoscopic examinations were performed for the following reasons: pathological changes, 141 cases (95.92%); laryngomalacia, 78 cases (53.06%); mucosal inflammation/secretions, 64 cases (43.54%); vocal cord paralysis, 29 cases (19.72%); trachea/bronchus stenosis, 17 cases (11.56%) [five cases of congenital annular constriction of the trachea, seven cases of left main tracheal stenosis, one case of the right middle bronchial stenosis, two cases of tracheal compression, and two cases of congenital tracheal stenosis]; subglottic lesions, 15 cases (10.20%) [eight cases of subglottic granulation tissue, six cases of subglottic stenosis, one cases of subglottic hemangioma]; tracheomalacia, 14 cases (9.52%); laryngeal edema, five cases (3.40%); tracheoesophageal fistula, four cases (2.72%); rhinostenosis, three cases (2.04%); tracheal bronchus, three cases (2.04%); glossoptosis, two cases (1.36%); laryngeal cyst, two cases (1.36%); laryngeal cleft, two cases (1.36%); tongue base cysts, one case (0.68%); and pneumorrhagia, one case (0.68%). Complications were rare and mild.ConclusionFlexible bronchoscopy is safe and effective for diagnosing and differentiating neonatal respiratory disorders in neonatal intensive care units.
Associations of emotional/behavioral problems with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity and step counts in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li Hailin , Shi Bijun , Wang Xin , Cao Muqing , Chen Jiajie , Liu Siyu , Zhan Xiaoling , Jin Chengkai , Gui Zhaohuan , Jing Jin , Zhu Yanna 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe evidence for associations of emotional/behavioral status with sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA) and step counts is scarce in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Also, ASD-related deficiencies may affect actual levels of PA. We aimed to describe accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts in children with ASD, and to examine the associations of emotional/behavioral problems with SB, PA and step counts after assessing associations between accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts and ASD-related deficiencies.MethodsA total of 93 ASD children, aged 6–9 years, were recruited from the Center for Child and Adolescent Psychology and Behavioral Development of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Of the original 93, 78 participants' accelerometer-measured valid PA were obtained, and the data were shown as time spent in SB, light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous PA, and step counts. Participants' emotional/behavioral problems were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). ASD-associated deficiencies include restricted repetitive behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised), poor social competence (Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition) and motor development restrictions (Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire).ResultsOf the 78 participants, daily vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) averaged 15.62 and 51.95 min, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, SDQ emotional symptoms (β = −0.060, p = 0.028) were inversely associated with the average daily minutes in VPA. Meanwhile, SDQ emotional symptoms (β = −0.033, p = 0.016) were inversely associated with the average daily MVPA minutes in the crude model. After adjustment for covariates, SCARED somatic/panic (β = −0.007, p = 0.040) and generalized anxiety (β = −0.025, p = 0.014) were negatively associated with the average daily VPA minutes; SCARED total anxiety (β = −0.006, p = 0.029) was conversely associated with daily MVPA duration. After adjustment for covariates, no significant associations between accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts and ASD-related deficiencies were found (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsAccelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts showed no associations with ASD-related deficiencies. On this basis, we further found that the emotional symptoms were inversely associated with VPA and MVPA. These results emphasize the importance of VPA and MVPA in children with ASD. The longitudinally investigations on the directionality of these associations between emotional symptoms with VPA and MVPA are needed in the future.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A narrative review of four South Asian countries
Authors: Ennab Farah , Qasba Rakhtan K. , Uday Utkarsha , Priya Priya , Qamar Khulud , Nawaz Faisal A. , Islam Zarmina , Zary Nabil 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesVaccine hesitancy remains a global issue, especially within poverty-stricken countries where there's an interplay of financial and non-financial barriers. This narrative review aims to understand attitudes and behaviors toward COVID-19 vaccination in four South Asian countries and make context-specific recommendations to vaccine program drivers and decision-makers.MethodsA search was conducted using PubMed and Science Direct, and CINHAL from January 2020 up to May 2022 restricted to the English language for terms: “Afghanistan” OR “Pakistan” OR “India” OR “Bangladesh” in combination with “COVID-19 vaccine” and other related terms. All articles were initially included, and those with relevance were included in the synthesis of this paper.ResultsA narrative review was performed for this study. Our narrative review included a total of eighteen studies with a sample size (n = 223–5,237) averaging about 1,325 participants per study conducted. The studies included revealed public hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine ranging from 6.3 to 56.2% with an average of 31.63% across all eighteen studies. Several reasons were linked to this observation in these four South Asian countries, and the predominant ones included: Insufficient information provided to the general public about the side effects of the vaccines, concerns regarding vaccine safety, and skepticism of vaccine efficacy.ConclusionVaccine hesitancy is a global problem within the context of COVID-19, and issues regarding equity, misinformation, and poverty in South Asian countries makes it difficult to meet goals for herd immunity. Policymakers and governments should aim toward financial and non-financial incentives to drive the public toward vaccination.
Comparing mini-sternotomy to full median sternotomy for aortic valve replacement with propensity-matching methods
Authors: Liu Rui , Song Jiangping , Chu Junmin , Hu Shengshou , Wang Xian-qiang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare clinical outcomes between mini-sternotomy and full median sternotomy for aortic valve replacement using propensity-matching methods.MethodsFrom August 2014 to July 2021, a total of 1,445 patients underwent isolated aortic valve surgery, 1,247 via full median sternotomy and 198 via mini-sternotomy. To reduce the impact of potential confounding factors, a propensity score based on 18 variables is used to obtain 198 well-matched case pairs, which include 231 aortic valve regurgitations and 165 aortic stenosis cases.ResultOccurrences of in-hospital mortality (P = 0.499), stroke (P &gt; 0.999), renal failure (P = 0.760), and paravalvular leakage (P = 0.224) are similar between the two groups. No significant difference in operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic cross-clamp times are found between the two groups. However, compared with the full sternotomy group, the mini-sternotomy group has less postoperative 24-hour drainage (131.7 ± 82.8 ml, P &lt; 0.001) and total drainage (459.3 ± 306.3 ml, P &lt; 0.001). The median mechanical ventilation times are 9.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 5.4–15.6] and 9.8 (IQR 6.1–14.4) in mini-sternotomy and full sternotomy groups (P = 0.284), respectively. There are no significant differences in intensive care unit stay and postoperative stay between the two groups. For either aortic valve regurgitations or aortic stenosis patients, significantly less postoperative 24-h and total drainage are still found in the mini-sternotomy group compared with the full sternotomy group.ConclusionsMini-sternotomy for aortic valve replacement is a safe procedure, with not only cosmetic advantages but less postoperative drainage compared with full sternotomy. Mini-sternotomy should be considered for most aortic valve operations.
Radiographic prevalence of juvenile osteochondral conditions of the proximal interphalangeal joint of Australian Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings and associations with sales results and race performance
Authors: Faulkner Josephine , Vanderperren Katrien , Duchateau Luc , O'Sullivan Chris 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesAscertain the radiographic prevalence and variation in characteristics of juvenile osteochondral conditions (JOC) in the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of Australian Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings. Establish whether there are any significant associations with public auction sale results and racing performance.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of 1,098 yearling repository radiograph sets. Comparison of sales results and whole career racing performance of the case group with two control groups: maternal siblings (N= 397) and yearlings without PIP JOC (N= 391).Results6.3% of yearlings had at least one PIPJ JOC lesion with 4.8% having subchondral lucencies of the proximal phalanx (P1SC), 0.6% with subchondral lucencies of the middle phalanx (P2SC) and 0.8% with osteochondral fragmentation (OCF). P1SC were more prevalent in forelimbs and P2SC and OCF were more commonly located in the hindlimbs. 51% of PIPJ JOC were not identified on a lateromedial projection (LM). A significantly lower proportion of horses with OCF were successfully sold at public auction (p≤ 0.05) but there was no significant difference in sales price between the case group and controls. A lower proportion of horses with PIPJ JOC made it to the racetrack to race, although this was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in racing performance between the case group and controls, although there was a trend toward case horses earning lower career prize money and lower prize money per race (p≤ 0.1). Lesions located in a dorsal or palmar/plantar location on the LM projection earned a lower average prize money per race (p≤ 0.05) than those in a central location, and showed a trend toward earning lower total prize money (p≤ 0.1) and number of places (p≤ 0.1). There was no significant difference in performance for horses with lesions at the medial, axial or lateral aspects of the articular surface.Clinical importanceOverall, the findings of this study indicate that the presence of PIPJ JOC in radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings should be attributed a low to moderate risk to future racing performance, however certain lesion characteristics may be associated with decreased performance.
Investigating the Association Between Adolescent Internet Addiction and Parental Attitudes
Authors: Bilge Mehmet , Uçan Gülten , Baydur Hakan 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:In this study, the association between parents’ attitudes and internet addiction among adolescent high school students was investigated through some sociodemographic variables.Methods:The research was carried out with 385 students studying in four high schools in western Turkey. Sociodemographic characteristics, parental attitude scale and internet addiction scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis were applied.Results:The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the combined mean score obtained from the Parental Attitude Scale and the mean score obtained from the Internet Addiction Scale, and that authoritarian parenting attitude increases the risk of internet addiction [OR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.33–2.18)]. In the structural equation modeling analysis, the model summary fit values were determined to be at a good level (χ2/df = 2.86, GFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.073) regarding the relationship between parental attitude and internet addiction.Conclusion:Adolescents’ internet addiction levels changes related to their parents’ democratic attitude evolve.
Impact of Aboveground Vegetation on Abundance, Diversity, and Biomass of Earthworms in Selected Land Use Systems as a Model of Synchrony between Aboveground and Belowground Habitats in Mid-Himalaya, India
Authors: Gudeta Kasahun , Bhagat Ankeet , Julka Jatinder Mohan , Bhat Sartaj Ahmad , Sharma Gopal Krishan , Bantihun Getachew , Amarowicz Ryszard , Belina Merga 
Published: October 2022

The population status and biomass of earthworms were studied in three different land use systems of pasture (Pa), silvopasture (SP), and mixed evergreen forest (MEF) from 2019–2020 in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The aim of this study was to assess the population status of earthworms and investigate how different land use systems influence their abundance, diversity, and biomass. Earthworms and soil were sampled using the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method in all seasons (winter, spring, summer, monsoon, and autumn). The physicochemical properties of the soil were analyzed to evaluate their effects on the diversity, biomass, and density of animals. The diversity status parameters, such as the Shannon diversity index (H′), Margalef richness index (R), evenness (J′), and dominance index (D), were computed. A total of seven earthworm species, belonging to four families, namely, Amynthas corticis, Aporrectodea rosea, Drawida japonica, Eisenia fetida, Metaphire birmanica, Metaphire houlleti, and Lennogaster pusillus, were identified from all three land use systems. The lowest Shannon diversity index (H′), Margalef index (R), and evenness (J′) index values were registered in MEF (H′ = 0.661, R = 0.762, J′ = 0.369) compared to those in Pa (H′ = 1.25, R = 1.165, J′ = 0.696) and SP (H′ = 0.99, R = 0.883, J′ = 0.552), implying that MEF is the least diversified land system. In contrast, the highest dominance index (D) value was registered in MEF (Pa = 0.39, SP = 0.53, MEF = 0.67), which again showed that MEF is the least diversified land system. The highest values of abundance and biomass were recorded in MEF (754.15 individuals m−2 and 156.02 g m−2), followed by SP (306.13 individuals m−2 and 124.84 g m−2) and Pa (77.87 individuals m−2 and 31.82 g m−2). Both the density and biomass of earthworms increased from Pa to MEF (Pa < SP < MEF). This study is novel because it revealed that the diversity and productivity (biomass and abundance) values of earthworms were negatively correlated (as diversity increased, productivity decreased; as diversity decreased, productivity increased). The total values of abundance and biomass of earthworms in the three land use systems indicated perfect synchrony between aboveground and belowground habitats, whereas the diversity values revealed that MEF was dominated by one or two species and the least diversified. Therefore, for sustainable belowground productivity, aboveground conservation is recommended, and vice versa, regardless of diversity.
Early identification of at-risk children: service improvement study using immunisation status
Authors: Kilner Rachael Gail , Cunliffe Adam Glen , Stanke Carla 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundChildren who have adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tend to have more physical and mental health problems when they are adults compared with people who do not have ACEs. Evidence suggests that partial or no immunisation status can be associated with factors (including ACEs) that make children at higher risk of poor outcomes than immunised children.AimTo explore the idea that ‘missed immunisations’ could be used as a proxy indicator in identifying children at risk of worse outcomes.Design & settingService improvement study in seven GP practices in south London, UK.MethodChildren aged 0–3 years who were ≥3 months late for immunisations were identified; their computer notes were reviewed during interdisciplinary meetings between health visitors (HVs) and GP practice staff. A bespoke template was used to guide discussions and to record action plans. Evaluation methods included a survey of practitioners and anonymised questionnaires about care management for a sample of children.ResultsIssues of concern, including some ACEs (for example, domestic abuse, mental health concerns in parent), were identified in 57% of children. Ninety-four per cent of practitioners found multidisciplinary meetings useful; 62% of practitioners changed the way they thought about providing care to very young children and their families. Of the children discussed during multidisciplinary meetings, 38% subsequently caught up on immunisations.Conclusion‘Late for immunisations’ appears to be a useful indicator for proactively identifying children with issues that make them at risk of poorer outcomes. Integrated working between GPs and HVs is important for ensuring targeted care is provided to families.