bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissection of brain-wide resting-state and functional somatosensory circuits by fMRI with optogenetic silencing
Authors: Jung Won Beom , Jiang Haiyan , Lee Soohyun , Kim Seong-Gi 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Functional MRI (fMRI) has led to tremendous advancements in brain science by allowing noninvasive mapping of functional regions in response to various stimuli and noninvasive mapping of resting-state functional connectivity. Both evoked and resting-state functional networks contain multiple brain regions that are hierarchically yet reciprocally connected. Therefore, it is critical to determine the relative contributions of different circuits to fMRI findings to better understand brain functions and resting-state connectivity. Here, we adopted local silencing with optogenetic stimulation to suppress downstream networks and successfully dissected fMRI responses at the circuit level. This fMRI approach opens an avenue for understanding brain-wide, population-based neural circuits, allowing investigations of functional reorganization caused by neuropathological modifications and learning in individual animals.
Depleted carbon isotope compositions observed at Gale crater, Mars
Authors: House Christopher H. , Wong Gregory M. , Webster Christopher R. , Flesch Gregory J. , Franz Heather B. , Stern Jennifer C. , Pavlov Alex , Atreya Sushil K. , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Gilbert Alexis , Hofmann Amy E. , Millan Maëva , Steele Andrew , Glavin Daniel P. , Malespin Charles A. , Mahaffy Paul R. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Carbon isotopic analysis is among the most pervasive geochemical approaches because the fractionation of carbon isotopes produces a natural tracer of biological and chemical processes. Rover-based carbon isotopic analyses of sedimentary rocks on Mars have the potential to reveal modes of Martian carbon cycling. We report carbon isotopic values of the methane released during pyrolysis of samples obtained at Gale crater. The values show remarkable variation indicating different origins for the carbon evolved from different samples. Samples from multiple locations within Gale crater evolved methane with highly fractionated carbon isotopes. We suggest three routes by which highly fractionated carbon could be deposited on Mars, with each suggesting that Martian carbon cycling is quite distinct from that of the present Earth.
Completeness and orthonormality of the energy eigenfunctions of the Dirac delta derivative potential
Authors: Dalabeeh M A , Chair N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The orthonormality and completeness of the energy eigenfunctions solution for the Schrödinger equation are usually hard to prove explicitly. There are few examples treated in the literature that give an explicit demonstration of these properties. In this work, we are going to orthonormalize the energy eigenfunctions of the solutions of the Schrödinger equation with contact potential given by the Dirac delta derivative potential λδ′(x), where λ is the coupling constant and prove that they are complete. The solutions for this problem include both continuum and discrete energy spectra. This makes it a perfect choice in the sense that it covers all possible cases of the solutions in quantum mechanics. The bound states solutions are normalized as usual, while the scattering states are normalized in continuum sense. The scattering solutions are shown to be orthogonal to each other and to the bound states. Using these orthonormal eigenfunctions an explicit demonstration of the completeness is given. It is found that both the bound and scattering solutions should be considered to ensure completeness. The calculation shows that the scattering state solutions are complete by themselves except for a certain value of the energy eigenvalue. This energy eigenvalue was shown to be precisely consistent with the energy eigenvalue of the bound state.
Room-temperature light-activated chemical sensors for gas monitoring and applications: a review
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Chen Chunxu , Liu Yutong , Xu Ming , Xie Guangzhong , Tai Huiling , Du Xiaosong , Jiang Yadong , Su Yuanjie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rapid growth of wearable electronic and integrated multifunctional devices has aroused a great deal of interest in developing chemical sensors that operate at room temperature. Among them, light-activated chemical sensors have shown great application potentials in gas detection because of the room temperature operation, humidity resistance, feasibility in flexible integration and low energy consumption. This review aims to offer an overview of research progress on the sensing mechanism, sensitive materials, device configurations and related applications of room temperature light-activated chemical sensors in gas detection for both environmental monitoring and breath analysis. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of light-activated chemical sensors is discussed in detail.
Influence of Al
x
Ga1−x
N nucleation layers on MOVPE-grown zincblende GaN epilayers on 3C-SiC/Si(001)
Authors: Gundimeda Abhiram , Rostami Mohammadreza , Frentrup Martin , Hinz Alexander , Kappers Menno J , Wallis David J , Oliver Rachel A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The suitability of Al
x
Ga1−x
N nucleation layers (NLs) with varying Al fraction x for the metal organic vapour phase epitaxy of zincblende GaN on (001) 3C-SiC was investigated, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The as-grown NLs exhibited elongated island structures on their surface, which reduce laterally into smaller, more equiaxed islands with increasing AlN composition. During high-temperature annealing in a mixture of NH3 and H2 the nucleation islands with low Al fraction ripened and increased in size, whereas this effect was less pronounced in samples with higher Al fraction. The compressive biaxial in-plane strain of the NLs increases with increasing AlN composition up to x = 0.29. GaN epilayers grown over NLs that have low Al fraction have high cubic zincblende phase purity and are slightly compressively strained relative to 3C-SiC. However, those samples with a measured Al fraction in the NL higher than 0.29 were predominantly of the hexagonal wurtzite phase, due to formation of wurtzite inclusions on various {111} facets of zb-GaN, thus indicating the optimal Al composition for phase-pure zb-GaN epilayer growth.
Exciton and fermion-pair condensation at non-zero temperature
Authors: Muraviev S E , Rumyantsev O A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A thermodynamic study of a many-particle two-level system with the SU(2) ⊗ SU(2)-symmetry interaction in the particle–particle and particle–hole channels is carried out. Using the symmetry of the system, its free energy and phase diagram are calculated. It is demonstrated that the superconducting (particle–particle) and excitonic (particle–hole) condensates are both formed in the considered system which undergoes two phase transitions. The calculated phase diagram represents qualitatively the phase diagram typical for materials with the high-temperature superconducting properties, including the existence of two phase transitions, the first and second order phase transitions, triple and tricritical points.
Survey of the publics’ preferences for communication of medical radiation risk
*
Authors: Davies Elizabeth , Peet Deborah , Taylor Michael J , Chung Emma M L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To comply with the Ionising Radiations (Medical Exposures) Regulations 2017, patients need to be adequately informed of medical radiation risks prior to exposure. This study used a survey developed in partnership with patients and members of the public to explore patient preferences for radiation risk communication. It was distributed through social media between 28/4/2020 and 18/7/2020. All respondents (N = 376) wanted to be informed about radiation risk, though the threshold at which they wished to be informed varied. The current practice of displaying posters in waiting areas does not meet the expressed preference of the patients if used in isolation. Only 6% of respondents were satisfied with the commonly used statement that the ‘risk is low’ if used in isolation. The majority of respondents (73%) said they would not be concerned about an increase in the risk of cancer of less than 1 in 10 000. The level of risk at which patients express a concern and the methodology for risk communication has been evaluated and based on these findings, and pre-existing literature, a graded approach to radiation risk communication based on modality is proposed. Patients must be involved throughout the evolution of this practice.
A calibration method for rotary optical encoder temperature error in a rotational inertial navigation system
Authors: Ban Jingxuan , Chen Gang , Wang Lei , Meng Yue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A rotary optical encoder is an important component in a rotational inertial navigation system (RINS). It is used to form a closed-loop motor control system and calculate the system attitude. The system performance will be affected by the encoder’s error. Ín addition to the installation errors, the working temperature variants can lead to encoder error. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method to calibrate and compensate the temperature errors of rotary optical encoders. First, an independent testing mechanism with position limitation and a rotatable platform is designed and produced to verify the temperature influence on encoders. Then, the temperature error of the rotary optical encoder used in RINS is calculated by a gyroscope whose sensitive axis is parallel to the same motor axis. The method is verified by a self-researched single-axis RINS. According to the experimental results, the measurement accuracy is increased by more than 47.9% compared to the traditional method.
Modeling of the precipitation kinetics and morphology evolution of lamellar α in Ti-alloys during non-isothermal treatments
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Li Hongwei , Zhan Mei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The non-isothermal diffusional phase transformation plays an important role in adjusting materials microstructure. In the modeling of non-isothermal transformation, actual temperature history has a remarkable effect on the precipitation kinetics of new phase. When morphology anisotropy effect is considered, taking actual temperature history effect into account is very difficult for guaranteeing the accuracy of kinetics prediction. In order to solve this problem, a new non-isothermal transformation model in combination with cellular automaton (CA) method with mixed-controlled mode was proposed. In this new model, actual temperature history effect was characterized by the effects of cooling path and additive isothermal path on the nucleation and growth of new phase. Firstly, the cooling path with the consideration of supercooling effect was introduced into the created isothermal transformation theory model. Secondly, the temperature-time path (i.e. additive isothermal path) in CA model was calibrated by using the solute concentration model from experiments. With the use of this new model, the precipitation kinetics and morphology evolution of the lamellar α for IMI834 titanium alloy during continuous cooling from single-phase region was predicted. The predicted results were in good agreement with experiments. It was also revealed that the dominant role of mixed-controlled mode for lamellar α precipitation was gradually changed from the diffusion control to the interface control with the increase of cooling rate.
Photothermal methane coupling into liquid fuels with hydrogen evolution over nanocatalysts based on layered double hydroxide (LDH)
Authors: Zhao Jiaqing , Shi Run , Zhang Xuerui , Wang Zeping , Zhang Tierui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The increasing energy and environmental problems have made clean energy-driven catalysis a hot research topic. Methane is an earth-abundant raw material but difficult to be converted by thermochemical processes. It is of great significance to seek novel strategies to convert methane into high-value chemicals. Herein, we synthesize a series of transition metal catalysts based on layered double hydroxide precursors which were used for photothermal methane nonoxidative coupling reactions. The strong photothermal and chemisorption effects of the derived transition metal nanostructures allow the efficient activation of methane molecules. Among them, alumina-supported metallic Ni and NiCo-alloy catalysts show excellent methane nonoxidative coupling activities, achieved hydrogen production rates of 4816.53 μmol g−1 h−1 and 5130.9 μmol g−1 h−1, accompanied by liquid fuels production rates of 59.2 mg g−1 h−1 and 63 mg g−1 h−1, respectively. The findings, therefore, provide a new strategy for methane nonoxidative coupling driven by light energy at mild conditions.
Incompatible case of perfect conductor approximation in vacuum nonlinear electromagnetism
Authors: Shibata Kazunori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The perfect conductor approximation is the most practical way to treat light reflection by a mirror. We demonstrate that the approximation and nonlinear electromagnetism in vacuum are not always compatible. In the presence of external magnetic flux density, we prove that there is no solution for the nonlinear Maxwell’s equations if a perfect conductor mirror is folded by 90 degrees. Demonstrated results show that the perfect conductor approximation can be inappropriate. We also suggest an approach to avoid the incompatibility.
Primordial Weibel instability
Authors: Mirón-Granese Nahuel , Calzetta Esteban , Kandus Alejandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the onset of vector instabilities in the post-inflationary epoch of the Universe as a mechanism for primordial magnetic fields amplification.
We assume the presence of a charged spectator scalar field arbitrarily coupled to gravity during Inflation in its vacuum de Sitter state. Gravitational particle creation takes place at the transition from Inflation to the subsequent Reheating stage and thus the vacuum field state becomes an excited many particles one.
Consequently this state can be described as a real fluid, and we build out the hydrodynamic framework using second order theories for relativistic fluids with a relaxation time prescription for the collision integral.
Given the high-temperature regime and the vanishing scalar curvature of the Universe during Reheating (radiation-dominated-type era), the fluid can be regarded as a conformal one.
The large quantum fluctuations induced by the rapid transition from inflationary to effectively radiation dominated expansion become statistical fluctuations whereby both a charge excess and anisotropic pressures are produced in any finite domain. The precise magnitude of the effect for each scale is determined by the size of the averaging domain and the coupling to curvature. We look at domains which are larger than the horizon at the beginning of Reheating, but much smaller than our own horizon, and show that in a finite
fraction of them the anisotropy and charge excess provide suitable conditions for a Weibel instability. If moreover the duration of reheating is shorter than the relaxation time of the fluid, then this instability can compensate or even overcome the conformal dilution of a primordial magnetic field. We show that the non-trivial topology of the magnetic field encoded in its magnetic helicity is also amplified if present.
Ladder symmetries of black holes. Implications for love numbers and no-hair theorems
Authors: Hui Lam , Joyce Austin , Penco Riccardo , Santoni Luca , Solomon Adam R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is well known that asymptotically flat black holes in general
relativity have a vanishing static, conservative tidal response. We show that this is a result of linearly realized symmetries governing
static (spin 0,1,2)
perturbations around black holes. The symmetries have a geometric origin: in the scalar case, they arise from the (E)AdS isometries of a dimensionally reduced black hole spacetime. Underlying the symmetries is a ladder structure which can be used to construct the full tower of solutions,
and derive their general properties: (1) solutions that decay with
radius spontaneously break the symmetries, and must
diverge at the horizon;
(2) solutions regular at the horizon respect the symmetries, and
take the form of a finite polynomial that grows with radius.
Taken together, these two properties imply that static response coefficients — and in particular Love numbers — vanish. Moreover, property (1) is consistent with the absence of black holes with linear (perturbative) hair. We also discuss the manifestation of these symmetries in the effective point particle description of a black hole, showing explicitly that for scalar probes
the worldline couplings associated with a non-trivial tidal response and scalar hair must vanish in order for the symmetries to be preserved.
Predictions for local PNG bias in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum and the consequences for f
NL constraints
Authors: Barreira Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We use hydrodynamical separate universe simulations with the IllustrisTNG model to predict the local primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) bias parameters b
ϕ and b
ϕδ, which enter at leading order in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum. This is the first time that b
ϕδ is measured from either gravity-only or galaxy formation simulations. For dark matter halos, the popular assumption of universality overpredicts the b
ϕδ(b
1) relation in the range 1 ≲ b
1 ≲ 3 by up to Δ b
ϕδ ∼ 3 (b
1 is the linear density bias). The adequacy of the universality relation is worse for the simulated galaxies, with the relations b
ϕ(b
1) and b
ϕδ(b
1) being generically redshift-dependent and very sensitive to how galaxies are selected (we test total, stellar and black hole mass, black hole mass accretion rate and color). The uncertainties on b
ϕ and b
ϕδ have a direct, often overlooked impact on the constraints of the local PNG parameter f
NL, which we study and discuss. For a survey with V = 100 Gpc3/h3 at z=1, uncertainties Δ b
ϕ ≲ 1 and Δ b
ϕδ ≲ 5 around values close to the fiducial can yield relatively unbiased constraints on f
NL using power spectrum and bispectrum data. We also show why priors on galaxy bias are useful even in analyses that fit for products f
NL
b
ϕ and f
NL
b
ϕδ. The strategies we discuss to deal with galaxy bias uncertainties can be straightforwardly implemented in existing f
NL constraint analyses (we provide fits for some of the bias relations). Our results motivate more works with galaxy formation simulations to refine our understanding of b
ϕ and b
ϕδ towards improved constraints on f
NL.
Research on α-decay for the superheavy nuclei with Z= 118–120 *
Authors: He Chen , Niu Zhong-Ming , Bao Xiao-Jun , Guo Jian-You 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The generalized liquid-drop model (GLDM) with the microscopic shell correction from relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations is used to explore the α-decay of superheavy nuclei. The known nuclei with

are chosen as examples for testing. The calculated half-lives of α-decay agree with the experimental data better than those from the GLDM with the shell correction in the Weizs

cker-Skyrme model. Moreover, the influence of the decay energy

on α-decay is investigated. It is determined that the

values obtained from the WS4 model with radial basis function (RBF) correction match the experimental data optimally. Owing to these advantages, the GLDM with the RHF shell correction and WS4+RBF

values is adopted to predict the α-decay lifetime for the unknown superheavy nuclei with

. The trend of the available α-decay half-lives according to the neutron number is similar to the trends of the values from the GLDM calculation without shell correction as well as the universal decay law (UDL) formula. Comparably, the RHF shell correction depresses (raises) the α-decay lifetime for most nuclei with

(

). In comparison with the half-lives of spontaneous fission, it can be concluded that the α-decay is dominant in the superheavy nuclei

,

, and

. These results are beneficial to the exploration of superheavy nuclei in experiments.
The role of defects, deuterium, and surface morphology on the optical response of beryllium
Authors: Minissale M. , Louis De Canonville C. , Pardanaud C. , Butoi B. , Bisson R. , Gallais L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The knowledge of optical properties of beryllium is of crucial importance in fields such as nuclear fusion and aerospace applications. The optical properties of pure beryllium are known in the visible and infrared domains. Nevertheless, the role of different physico-chemical parameters such as composition and surface roughness, that is often neglected in first approximation, deserves dedicated comprehensive studies. In this work we have studied the optical properties of bulk beryllium and magnetron sputtering beryllium layers in the 500–2000 nm spectral range. Experimental measurements show that beryllium reflectivity strongly depends both on bulk fabrication procedure and on surface preparation. Different models allow us to perform a quantitative interpretation of reflectivity results and to study the influence of different parameters: (i) a multi-reflection interference model to understand the role of oxide layer, (ii) a Lorentz–Drude model for the bulk composition effect, (iii) scattering models for the surface roughness, and (iv) the Maxwell–Garnett model for the surface porosity. The calculated relative permittivity of the studied samples is used to evaluate the emissivity in the visible and infrared domain. Such evaluation, giving indications of possible evolution of optical properties of beryllium in a plasma environment, can provide a useful tool for thermography studies of tokamak walls.
Analysis and Improvement of the Q-iteration Method
Authors: Zhang Z H , Zeng S , Jiang D J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The q-iteration method is simple, efficient and robust in determining the concentration distribution in an isotope separation cascade with a known hydraulic state. The expression of the quantity q and the value of the relaxation factor of the q-iteration method have a significant influence on the convergence rate of iteration. Through analyzing the convergence of the q-iteration method, an improved method for updating q is proposed, and the value range of the relaxation factor is obtained. Numerical analysis shows that the improved method can significantly speed up the convergence. By selecting an appropriate value of the relaxation factor, the convergence can be further improved.
Comparison of the efficiency of square cascades with an additional product flow and double cascades to concentrate intermediate isotopes
Authors: Azizov T E , Smirnov A Yu , Sulaberidze G A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Original techniques were proposed for calculating and optimizing double cascades (DC) built of square cascades and a square cascade with an additional product flow (SCAP). Both cascade schemes (DC and SCAP) were tested in solving a task of simultaneous enrichment of three components of a model mixture to a pre-defined level. A comparison of the DC and SCAP efficiency was made according to the minimum of total cascade flow. The results have shown that the double cascade is more efficient in terms of the chosen criterion.