bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bardet-biedl syndrome: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Rajesh Kumar Mandal  , Rajan Pande  , Rajani Shah KC  , Bibek Acharya  
Published: January 2025

The Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare ciliopathic autosomal-recessive disorder, with multiple organ systems involvement. It is usually seen in family with consanguinous marriage. It is characterized by truncal obesity, polydactyly, retinal dystrophy, mental retardation, renal dysfunction and hypogonadism in males. It affects both males and females. Very few cases are reported in Nepal. Here we report a 30 year obese lady who presented to our center with history of excessive weight gain and blindness with polydactyly. She visited many local medical centers before landing to our hospital.
Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Patients of Perimenopausal Age Group in a tertiary care Hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Nabanita Chakraborty  , Rajasri Chunder  , Barnali Mukherjee  , Soham Chakraborty  
Published: January 2025

Background: Menopause is an important event in women’s life and it marks the end of a woman`s reproductive life. Perimenopause is the interval in which a woman`s body makes a natural shift from regular cycles of ovulation & menstruation to irregular cycles and various forms of abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a very frequent complaint from women in the perimenopausal age group. The histological diagnosis of DUB and its proper management is very essential in this age group.
Aims and Objective: Primary aim of our study was to identify the spectrum of histological changes that occur in the endometrium in perimenopausal age group and to identify the demographic pattern of each histological change.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two specimens of endometrial biopsy obtained from the patients in the perimenopausal age group of 40-50 years attending the Gynaecology and Obstetrics department were studied.
Results: 71.15% cases of DUB was diagnosed amongst the 52 endometrial biopsy specimens in perimenopausal age group and Secretory endometrium is most common histological pattern.
Conclusion: This study reflects a spectrum of endometrial histology present during perimenopausal age. This study has also highlighted the correlation of endometrial histology with final diagnoses of the patients, and this may help in diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological diseases of this specific age group in future.
Radiographic evaluation of the lumbar lordotic angle of the spine in a population of Nigerians
Authors: Michael O Oyakhire  , Blessing C Didia  , Bob Evans Yellow  
Published: January 2025

Objectives: For Nigerian Africans, quantitative reference values of osteometric parameters of the human spine are scarce. This study was therefore carried out to metrically evaluate and document the characteristics of the Lumbar lordotic angle, in a population of Nigerians.
Materials & Method: Using the Cobb 4-line method, we studied 300 lateral radiographs selected from three tertiary health facilities. There were 156 females (52%) and 144 males (48%) with age range between 18 and 76years. Results were analyzed statistically with the computer based SPSS Version 17, Chicago IL. Taking a confidence level of 0.05 as indicative of statistical significance, the student’s t –test was used to estimate differences between means, and a probability density function curve ,to evaluate the distribution pattern of the angle of lumbar lordosis.
Results: Mean (± SD) of the Lumbar lordotic angle was 48.450 ± (9.280). A statistically significant association was found between Lumbar lordotic angle and age (P<0.05). Females had significantly higher Lumbar lordotic angles compared with males (P<0.05). Variations were also observed between the lumbar lordotic angles of Nigerians and those of Caucasians. These results will be useful in many areas of medical practice, and research.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.4300
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 69-75
Recurrent lacrimal abscess in infant
Authors: Monojit Mondal  , Biswajit Biswas  , Sumanta Laha  , Atanu Roy  , Kanai Lal Barik  , Asok Kumar Datta  , Sayan Bose  , Tanmoy Biswas  
Published: January 2025

Acute dacryocystitis at or shortly after birth is uncommon and its main complication, formation of lacrimal sac abscess, is rare. Uniform and standard treatment protocol for this condition has not been established till date. We report on a 2 month old infant with an abscess of the lacrimal sac. He was treated for similar condition on day 6 of his life by incision and drainage; unfortunately, the condition recurs. This time, he was managed with incision and drainage under systemic antibiotic cover; and an early probing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) was done on 7th post-operative day. The patient was followed up for a period of one year without any further recurrence and complication. Pathophysiology of the condition and possible treatment options in children have been discussed.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10458
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 121-123
A psychosocial rehabilitation approach for a case of persistent urogenital sinus with ambiguous genitalia in a female adult
Authors: Seema Chowdhary  , Arvind Kumar Chowdhary  , Sushma Pandey  
Published: January 2025

Objective: Urogenital Sinus is a rare congenital deformity which overture to preclude of normal embryonic vaginal progression. We report a case of urogenital sinus with ambiguous genitalia in a female adult.
Case Report: An unmarried young female aged 26 years presented to our hospital with amenorrhea of 6 months and history of urinary incontinence from childhood. The diagnostic features of this case include normal haemogram with mildly elevated blood urea and creatinine, normal 17 ketosteroids, serum testosterone and DHEA; bilateral moderate hydronephrosis with uterus of size 6.8 x 4.6 x 5.3 cm; urogenital sinus with partial separation of bladder and vagina-vaginal type; bilateral hydrouretronephrosis with mild renal cortical scarring and bicornuate unicollis uterus cervix opening into the urogenital sinus. She was diagnosed with persistent urogenital sinus (Vaginal type) without congenital adrenal hyperplasia, but with associated mullerian anomaly. Treatment option was a U-shaped vaginoplasty with an aim of widening vaginal introitus and advancement of hypospadiac external urethral meatus to prevent micturition into vagina.
Conclusion: Though the possible treatment options were discussed, this case study emphasizes the need of psycho social rehabilitation for the proper treatment of ambiguous genitalia.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.10107
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 89-91
A retrospective analysis of variability of clinical presentations and brain imaging findings in children with neurocysticercosis in rural population of West Bengal
Authors: Monojit Mondal  , Biswajit Biswas  , Atanu Roy  , Sumanta Laha  , Rajib Das  , Abhijit Ari  , Taraknath Ghosh  , Sabyasachi Som  , Mithun Konar  , Prashanth Kumar  , Kanai Lal Barik  , Kaustav Nayek  , Asok Kumar Datta  
Published: January 2025

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common, widely prevalent parasitic infestation of the central nervous system in children of developing countries leading to neurological morbidities.
Objectives: To study the variability of initial clinical presentations and brain imaging findings in children with NCC in the rural population of West Bengal.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was done in the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India from August 2011 to August 2013.
Results: Out of 952 admitted children with seizure, 113 children were diagnosed as having NCC (11.9%). Out of them, 62 (54.9%) were boys and 51 (45.1%) were girls. The age of presentation varied from 3 years to 12 years, with mean age 9.4 years. The commonest age of presentation was between 10 to 12 years (n=62; 54.9%). The maximum number of patients were from Burdwan district (n=72; 63.7%) followed by Birbhum (n=25; 22.1%). The commonest initial presentation with seizure (n=93; 82.3 %); partial seizure were present in 76 patients (81.7%). On brain imaging study, the commonest location of lesions was found in the parietal region (n=69; 61.1 %), the right parietal region being more common. Single lesions were found in 102 patients(90.3%).
Conclusion: NCC is a major cause of neurological morbidity in children of developing nations and it should be suspected in any children presenting with a first episode of afebrile partial seizure. A screening brain imaging should be performed earlier to prevent undue mortality and morbidity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11628
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 31-35
Ischemic stroke following Dengue fever: A case report
Authors: Robin George Manappallil  
Published: January 2025

Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness associated with severe headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rashes, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Occasionally unusual haemorrhage such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage, hypermenorrhoea, hematuria and massive epistaxis occur. This is a case of an elderly male with dengue fever who presented with ischemic stroke.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 107-108
Prevalence, perceptions and practices associated with non-adherence to diabetes medications in primary care setting: A cross sectional study in urban Bangalore
Authors: Leeberk Raja Inbaraj  , Carolin Elizabeth Georg  , Nan Lin Kham  , Gift Norman  
Published: January 2025

Background: Adherence to diet and drugs, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, exercise and early recognition of the complications, are the crucial elements for tertiary prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. Non compliance can lead to poor glycemic control which can eventually aggravate complications and lead to disability and mortality. This study aimed at estimating prevalence of non-adherence and identify perceptions and practices associated with non-adherence.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic in a disadvantaged community Hundred patients with Diabetes were recruited and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Non adherence rate was 30%. Those who are unable to remember multiple doses (37.5%) were 2.77 (95% CI: 0.94-8.15) times more likely to non-adhere to the treatment than those who are able to remember multiple doses (16.7%).Similarly Patients who often discontinued medications and switched over to alternative system medicines tended to be non- adherent 8.5 (95% CI:1.6- 45.0) times more than those who continued treatment without interruption. Non adherence was not associated with age, gender, education level, and cost of medication and duration of diabetes. People who were illiterate and elderly did not know the consequences of missing doses and stopped medications when they felt better as well as resorted to traditional medicines
Conclusions: Counselling sessions should focus on perceptions and ideas about diabetes. Innovative health education modalities have to be developed for illiterate and elderly people.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 106-109
Childhood polyarteritis nodosa: A rare presentation
Authors: Sandeep Lahiry  , Shouvik Choudhury  , Ayan Mukherjee  , Koustuv Chowdhury  
Published: January 2025

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare systemic vasculitis characterized by necrotizing arteritis of small to medium-sized arteries. It manifests as skin ulceration, hypertension, abdominal pain, digital gangrene, subcutaneous nodules etc. Childhood polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is a rare and often fatal disease. Clinically, CPAN often is part of the spectrum of Kawasaki disease (KD). There is no specific serological marker for diagnosis and confirmation is based on histopathology. Most common mode of pharmacological therapy includes corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide, along with antimicrobials for secondary infection prevention and plasmapheresis.
Here, we present a case of a 16year old boy with multiple skin ulceration, digital gangrene with few non-specific signs and symptoms, diagnosed as a case of PAN, underwent regular therapy and follow-up.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 94-96
A rare case of intracranial malignant melanoma with an unusual presentation
Authors: Sandeep B V  , Suniti Kumar Saha  , Manpreet Singh Banga  , Partha Ghosh  
Published: January 2025

Among the common skin cancers, melanoma is the most lethal. Although, it comprises only 3% of all skin cancers diagnosed , it accounts for about 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. Melanoma is a relatively uncommon skin cancer in geographical locations like India. Its highest incidence is seen in sixth decade . Head and neck melanomas constitute approximately 17% of all cutaneous melanomas .We present a 15 year old male patient who presented with a intracranial melanoma with osteolytic skull lesion.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 91-93
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus on the basis of HbA1c: Is this true in hypothyroidism also?
Authors: Singhai Abhishek , Prakhar Kabra  
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypothyroidism may leads to hypoproliferative anemia. It is possible that this reduced erythropoiesis may result false elevation of HbA1c in some cases and further leading to an erroneous diagnosis of pre diabetes or diabetes.
Aims and Objective: This study was planned to assess changes in HbA1c after initiation of thyroxine replacement in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism.
Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted at Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care centre over one year.
Methods and Material: 100 subjects were recruited for the study. Fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, HbA1c, reticulocyte count, serum free T4 and TSH estimation done in all subjects. Hypothyroid patients were started on thyroxine. After three months of documentation of euthyroidism, same investigations were repeated.
Statistical analysis used: Statistical software, SPSS version 17.0 was used for analysis.
Results: After correction of hypothyroidism, TSH decreased from 92.3(±30.9) to 3.4±2.9 µIU/L and 12.2(±4.5) to 4.4±2.9 µIU/ml in overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism respectively. There was a statistically significant fall in the HbA1c (SD) from 5.9% (0.8) to 5.6% (0.6) and 6.0% (0.3) to 5.7% (0.3) following the correction of hypothyroidism in overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism respectively. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that HbA1c values are falsely increased in patients with hypothyroidism. This falsely raised HbA1c became normal after thyroxine supplement.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(6) 2016 36-39
Primary extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma: A rare cutaneous malignancy
Authors: Shirazi Nadia , Rashmi Jindal  , Sohaib Ahmad  , Neena Chauhan  
Published: January 2025

Extranodal Natural Killer cell/T cell lymphomas are subcategorized into ENK/T-nasal and ENK/T-nasal type. These lymphomas presenting as initial involvement of skin are unusual and are known as Primary cutaneous NK/T – nasal type lymphomas.
We present a rare case of a middle aged female presenting with rapidly developing skin nodules and ulcers. This case highlights the fact that adequate work up should be done in all such cases to avoid erroneous diagnosis and subsequent inadequate treatment of primary cutaneous lymphoma patients.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 91-93
The intraoperative pathological findings in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation of tympanic membrane at a tertiary care centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sanjeev Kumar Thakur  , Nisha Ghimire  , Rabin Acharya  , Sanjay Kumar Singh  , Anwar Afaque  
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft. The atticoantral type is called unsafe type because of the associated complications due to granulations and cholesteatoma which may be life-threatening. CSOM with central perforation (tubotympanic type) is usually not associated with major complications such as cholesteatoma formation.
Aims and Objectives: To find out the intraoperative pathological findings in cases of CSOM with central perforation (tubotympanic type)
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study has been conducted in the Department of Ear, Biratnagar Eye Hospital in Nepal over 2 years. Study group includes 172 patients having CSOM with central perforations in the tympanic membranes who underwent different types of procedures. Preoperatively, all the patients were evaluated with otoscopy, microscopy, pure-tone audiometry, and some patients with computed tomography scan. The pathological findings were confirmed with biopsy. The findings were tabulated and analysed.
Results: 21(12.2%) patients were having dry central perforation with normal Eustachian tube function. 95 patients, i.e., 55.23% were having granulations in attic, aditus, antrum. 25 (14.53%) cases were having ossicular erosion.5 (2.9%) cases had tympanosclerosis in middle ear. 1 (0.58%) case had facial nerve dehiscence. 16 (9.3%) cases had oedema of middle ear mucosa/aural polyp from middle ear. Surprisingly 9 patients, i.e., 5.23% were having cholesteatoma which was confirmed by histopathological study.
Conclusion: This study shows that cholesteatoma can be found in tubotympanic type of CSOM, along with other pathological findings. Hence it is on the part of the surgeon to be careful while planning surgery on their patients with CSOM (tubotympanic type), remembering that all safe CSOM might not always be safe.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 42-47
Oxidative stress, plasma/salivary antioxidant status detection and health risk factors
Authors: Vadala Maria  , Palmieri Beniamino  , Malagoli Andrea  , Laurino Carmen  
Published: January 2025

Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration.
Aims and Objectives: Our study evaluated the oxidant/antioxidant status on a cohort of healthy patients matched with some independent variables as a basic individual redox balance monitor on a disease-prevention perspective.
Materials and Methods: The anecdotic, retrospective and observational study included 200 apparently healthy volunteers after formal informed consent release whose personal history and physical examination had been recorded specifically on the following items: age, previous diseases, sport activities, smoking habit, balanced/unbalanced nutrition, current absence/presence of inflammatory processes, oral health hygiene, administration of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. No drug treatment was admitted in the recruited patients, up to 6 months before the evaluation. The laboratory instruments used were Point of care FRAS 4 Evolvo (H&D, Parma, Italy) measuring the oxidative stress in plasma samples and antioxidant capacity in plasma and saliva samples.
Results: Two-hundred patients were recruited. Statistically relevant differences were observed in oxidative stress-related variables, namely a significant relationship between plasma oxidative stress level and female gender (p<0.01), between saliva antioxidant level and age (p=0.01), between plasma antioxidant level and unbalanced diet (p<0.01), between plasma oxidative stress level and inflammation in the oral cavity (p=0.04), and between saliva antioxidant level and inflammation in the oral cavity (p<0.01).
Conclusions: A relationship between oxidative/antioxidant status and health risk factors has been outlined in our study; the achieved data are quite helpful, in the clinical practice, providing additional information on individual general health conditions, putatively related to prevention diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effectiveness in some specific diseases.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 32-41
Emphysematous pyelonephritis with Dengue hemorrhagic fever: A successful medical management of a fatal scenario
Authors: Robin George Manappallil  , Prathap Reddy Muthyala  
Published: January 2025

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life threatening acute necrotizing infection with associated gas formation involving the renal parenchyma and perinephric tissues. Dengue fever, according to the WHO, is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral infection in the world. Dengue Hemorrgahic Fever is a more severe form of dengue fever and is characterized by fever, bleeding manifestations, plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia. This is a case of a 56 year old female, who presented with history of fever, headache, myalgia and dysuria; and was diagnosed to have emphysematous pyelonephritis with Dengue Hemorrgahic Fever. She was successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics and platelet transfusions, without any urological interventions.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 101-103
Hypericum perforatum (ethanolic extract) ameliorates simulated hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage in brains of Balb/c mice
Authors: Amardeep Gautam  , Rizwana Tabassum  , Anju Katyal  
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypobaric hypoxia refers to lower oxygen availability at high altitudes and is the cause of high altitude illness. Drugs such as acetazolamide and dexamethasone provide symptomatic relief and are associated with undesired side effects. Plant extracts such as Hypericum perforatum, which are documented to have neuromodulatory role can be more beneficial in ameliorating high altitude illness.
Aims and Objective: Progressive cognitive decline is the hallmark characteristic of hypobaric hypoxia induced neuropathology attributed to ensuing oxidative stress and subsequent hippocampal damage. We have explored the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum in amelioration of hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress and associated behavioral deficits in mice.
Material and Methods: Male Balb/c mice were exposed to simulated altitude of 25,000 ft. for 7 days (6 hr. per day) in a specially designed chamber. Ethanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum (HPE)(25mg/kg of body weight) was given orally prior to hypoxia exposure and effects were compared to hypoxia and control groups.
Results: Animals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia showed sign of cognitive deterioration at day 3 and day 7 in the Elevated Plus Maze and Passive Avoidance Step through behavioral paradigms as compare to normoxic animals. Administration of HPE was able to alleviate the amnesic effect in treatment group, indicated by reduction in transfer latencies at day 3(IR-3 = -0.66±0.07) and day 7 IR-7 = -0.81±0.06) in elevated plus maze task and increased passive avoidance step through latency at day 3, (IR-3 = 3.23±0.67),as compared to ±hypoxic mice. Hypoxia group of animals suffered significant oxidative stress compared to normoxic mice as indicated by up-regulated malondialdehyde and total nitrite levels in hippocampal homogenates. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity was also increased following hypoxia indicating tissue damage. Co-treatment with HPE in simulated hypobaric hypoxia insult for seven days resulted in significant reduction in malondialdehyde, total nitrites and plasma LDH levels in animals.
Conclusion: Hypericum perforatum extract improves cognitive performance in hypobaric hypoxia exposed mice with a concomitant reduction in oxidative stress burden suggesting its plausible use for preventing high altitude illness.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(2) 2018 1-8