bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing apathy and depression in dementia: A longitudinal study
Authors: Connors Michael H , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Ames David , Woodward Michael , Brodaty Henry 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Apathy is a common symptom in dementia, though can be difficult to distinguish from depression due to shared features and frequent co-occurrence. As such, a significant limitation of much previous research on apathy is the failure to control for depression. The current study sought to address this by examining the trajectory and clinical correlates of apathy after controlling for depression. Methods: Seven hundred and seventy-nine patients with dementia were recruited from nine memory clinics around Australia. Measures of dementia severity, cognition, functional ability, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver burden and medication use were completed at baseline and at regular intervals over a 3-year period. Driving and institutionalisation data were obtained throughout the study. Mortality data were obtained from state registries 8 years after baseline. Results: Of the 662 patients with completed measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms, 342 (51.7%) had apathy and 332 (50.2%) had depression at baseline, while 212 (32.0%) had both. Whereas apathy increased over time, depression remained relatively stable. Apathy, but not depression, was associated with greater dementia severity, poorer cognition and function, driving cessation and mortality. Both apathy and depression were associated with greater neuropsychiatric symptoms, psychosis, caregiver burden and institutionalisation. Conclusions: Apathy increases over the course of dementia and is associated with worse clinical outcomes independent of depression. Distinguishing apathy and depression appears important given their different implications for prognosis and management.
Morphology of the internal auditory canal: Deriving parameters from computer tomography scans. An observational STROBE-MR study
Authors: Mntungwa Nandipha , Human-Baron Rene , Hanekom Tania 
Published: August 2022

Person-specific three-dimensional computational modelling plays a vital role in modern-day research of cochlear implants to assist in understanding the neural interface of the cochlea and implanted electrode array. Further improvements are made to these models as more parameters are included. Landmark assessment provides information and is frequently used to register coordinates for model generation as it captures small variations. Objectives The objective of this study is to identify and define landmarks to adequately describe the internal auditory canal for inclusion in three-dimensional computational models of the cochlea and its surrounding structures. Participants Computer tomography scans of live human cochleae were collected in the retrospective period. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to describe the data obtained from the scans. Results The mean anterior-posterior (AP) diameter at the base of the basal turn, the diameter of the AP at the midpoint of the IAC, and the anterior and posterior length of the internal acoustic canal were measured. 57.14% of the internal acoustic canals observed presented with a cylindrical, 40.48% was funnel-shaped and 2.38 % were bud-shaped. A statistically significant differences were found between the diameters of male and female internal acoustic meatus. Conclusions This paper serves as a reference that provides a set of references for the description of the internal acoustic canal for inclusion in three-dimensional computational reconstruction of the cochlea and surrounding structures.
Clinical Features and Treatment of Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula: Analysis of 12 Cases
Authors: Zhang Shurou , Yuan Ziyi , Xia Zhigang , Chen Huanqi , Zhang Ziheng , Chen Mengjiao , Ye Fan 
Published: August 2022

Background Congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF) is a rare congenital disease derived from the remnants of the third or fourth branchial cleft. Objectives To investigate the imaging characteristics, clinical manifestations, surgical methods, complications, and personalized treatment of CPSF. Material and Methods The clinical data of 12 CPSF patients admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from March 2016 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Cryogenic plasma radiofrequency ablation, carbon dioxide laser resection, and external cervical excision were selected based on the individual condition, and postoperative complications and efficacy were evaluated. Results There were 6 men and 6 women. Neck abscess or thyroiditis was considered at the initial diagnosis. In 11 of the cases, the CPSF was on the left side, whereas in the rest one case, it was on the right. A pyriform fossa fistula was observed during hypopharyngeal iodine angiography. Eight patients were treated with endoscopic piriform fossa fistula laser resection, two with cryogenic plasma radiofrequency ablation, and the rest with external cervical fistula resection. There was no evidence of postoperative hoarseness, pharyngeal fistula, dysphagia, and other complications. Conclusion and Significance CPSF is less common in adults than in children. For patients with recurrent neck abscesses, CPSF should be highly suspected, timely angiography should be performed as soon as possible, and care should be taken to avoid missed diagnoses. The primary method for piriform fossa fistula removal is surgical treatment. Finally, tailoring treatment regimens to the patient’s condition can significantly improve curative efficacy.
Infratemporal Fossa Abscesses: A Systematic Review of Cases
Authors: Young Kurtis , Tang Dennis M. , Wu Arthur W. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives We have attempted to characterize the clinical presentations and management of infratemporal fossa abscesses with the goal of improving awareness and promoting earlier diagnosis and treatment for this rare condition. Methods an extensive systematic search was performed through Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science. Two authors screened out studies by abstracts, and a third resolved any conflicts. The remaining studies were assessed by full-text assessment, leaving 43 studies for data extraction. Results sixty-seven patients were included from the final 43 studies. The patients were predominantly male (56.7%), and the average age of patients was 44.3 years (standard deviation (SD) 19.8 years). Risk factors most commonly odontogenic, whether the etiology was through tooth extraction (n = 30, 44.8%) or infection (n = 17, 25.4%). Symptoms on presentation included pain (n = 40, 83.3%), swelling (n = 39, 81.3%), and trismus (n = 36, 75.0%). Twenty-two (32.8%) patients were managed with intraoral incision and drainage (I&D), 18 (26.9%) with extraoral I&D. After treatment, 45 of the 48 (93.8%) patients from the case reports and series were deemed to have achieved complete resolution. Conclusions Infratemporal fossa abscesses are rare, but they may be associated with serious neurologic and systemic complications. Although prompt diagnosis paramount in avoiding these sequelae, patients often experienced delays in diagnosis. Surgical drainage and extended antibiotic therapy is recommended.
The role of cytokines in migraine: A systematic review
Authors: Thuraiaiyah Janu , Erritzøe-Jervild Mai , Al-Khazali Haidar Muhsen , Schytz Henrik Winther , Younis Samaira 
Published: August 2022

Background Cytokines are important endogenous substances that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed to play a role in migraine involving altered cytokine levels. Therefore, we aimed to provide a systematic review on the current knowledge on cytokine levels in migraine patients during and outside attacks. Methods Databases of PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for studies investigating cytokine levels in migraine patients during and outside attacks. Results Screening yielded identification of 45 articles investigating 18 cytokines in total. We found that the interictal level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, was decreased, while the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 was increased in migraine patients compared to controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, were increased outside attacks compared to controls. Ictal levels of cytokines were unchanged or varying compared to the interictal state in migraine patients. Three studies reported dynamic cytokines levels during the course of an attack. Conclusion The findings of the current review underline a possible involvement of cytokines in the proposed inflammatory mechanisms of migraine. However, future studies are needed to expand our knowledge of the exact role of cytokines in the migraine pathophysiology with focus on cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10 while applying refined methodology.
Biomarkers of inflammation and left ventricular remodelling in psoriasis patients treated with infliximab
Authors: Midtbø Helga , Kringeland Ester , Gerdts Eva , Ueland Per Magne , Meyer Klaus , Linde Anja , Ulvik Arve , Jonsson Roland , Tveit Kåre Steinar 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Psoriasis is an immune mediated disorder associated with T cell activation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We explored the association of inflammation with left ventricular (LV) remodelling in psoriasis patients receiving treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blocker infliximab. Methods: Psoriasis patients ( n = 47, age 47 ± 14 years, 66% men) and 99 control subjects without psoriasis (age 47 ± 11 years, 72% men) were examined by echocardiography in a cross-sectional study. LV remodelling was assessed by LV mass index for height in the allometric power of 2.7. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), neopterin, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR) and the pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) index were measured. Results: Serum concentration of neopterin ( p = .007) was higher in psoriasis patients, while the other inflammatory biomarkers had similar levels. LV mass index was lower in patients than controls (35.6 ± 9.6 g/m2.7 vs. 40.3 ± 9.8 g/m2.7, p = .008). In the total study population, serum SAA (β = 0.18, p = .02), KTR (β = 0.20, p = .02) and the PAr index (β = 0.26, p = .002) were all associated with higher LV mass index independent of age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, smoking, renal function and psoriasis. Also in psoriasis patients, higher SAA level (β = 0.34, p = .02), KTR (β = 0.32, p = .02) and the PAr index (β = 0.29, p = .05) were associated with higher LV mass index independent of body mass index, hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: Higher levels of the inflammatory biomarkers SAA, KTR and the PAr index were associated with greater LV mass index in psoriasis patients, indicating a role of chronic inflammation in LV remodelling evident even during treatment with TNF-α blockers.
Weight Status Among Minnesota Hispanic or Latino/a Youth: An Exploration of Protective Factors
Authors: Martin Christie L. , McMorris Barbara J. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Sieving Renee E. , Porta Carolyn M. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Espinoza Sarah M. , Cespedes Yazmin A. , Fulkerson Jayne A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose Pediatric obesity disproportionately impacts Hispanic or Latino/a adolescents. Culturally appropriate family-based behavioral initiatives to improve weight status are warranted. The purpose of this research was to determine prevalence rates and identify protective factors associated with having overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) to inform Hispanic or Latino/a-targeted behavioral intervention development. Design Secondary data analyses of a population-based statewide survey. Setting Minnesota public high schools. Participants Male (n = 2,644) and female (n = 2,798) Hispanic or Latino/a 9th and 11th graders (N = 5,442). Measures Obesity-related behaviors (meeting fruit and vegetable [F&V] and physical activity [PA] recommendations), family caring, family country/region of origin, and weight status. Analysis Stepwise logistic regression models (F&V, PA), stratified by biological sex, were used to identify protective factors of overweight/obesity. Results The overall prevalence of meeting F&V and PA recommendations was 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively. Meeting F&V recommendations was not protective against overweight/obesity in either sex. Yet, males and females who met PA recommendations had significantly lower odds of having overweight/obesity ( p < .05). In F&V and PA models, family caring was protective against overweight/obesity in females ( p < .05), and family country/region of origin was protective against overweight/obesity in both sexes ( p < .05). Conclusion Findings illustrate a need for obesity prevention initiatives for Hispanic or Latino/a youth. More research is needed to understand the protective nature of family caring and country/region of origin.
A Review of Tisotumab Vedotin-tftv in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer
Authors: Heitz Nathan , Greer Samuel C. , Halford Zachery 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tisotumab vedotin-tftv (TV), a first-in-class vectorized anti-tissue factor (TF) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Data Sources: A literature search of ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, and PubMed was conducted using the terms tisotumab vedotin AND cervical cancer from inception to June 30, 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All applicable publications, package inserts, meeting abstracts, and clinical trials involving TV in the treatment of cervical cancer were reviewed. Data Synthesis: TV is a fully human TF-specific monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E, which serves as a highly potent cytotoxic payload. In the pivotal phase II InnovaTV 204 clinical trial, TV demonstrated an objective response rate of 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16%-33%). The mean duration of response was 8.3 months. Common toxicities included abdominal pain, alopecia, conjunctivitis, constipation, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dry eye, epistaxis, nausea/vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy. Unique and/or serious adverse events warranting careful monitoring include ocular complications, hemorrhaging, peripheral neuropathies, fetal-embryo toxicity, pneumonitis, and immunogenicity. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer remains a high-risk disease with limited treatment options. Using ADCs to target tumors with aberrant expression of TF appears to be a viable treatment strategy. Conclusions: TV is the first Food and Drug Administration–approved TF-directed ADC. With a manageable safety profile and promising anticancer activity, TV warrants consideration as a novel targeted agent for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Further studies are required to determine the optimal place in therapy for TV.
Effect of Palmar Grasp Reflex Stimulation on Physiological Parameters and Crying Time During Neonatal Bath: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kadiroğlu Türkan , Koç Elif S. 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of palmar grasp reflex stimulation during a neonatal bath on the physiological parameters and crying time of the newborn. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was designed as a parallel randomized clinical trial. Parents fully understood the study procedure at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Turkey ( N = 82). Both written and verbal consent was obtained from the parents. Newborns who were ineligible for tub bathing were excluded from the study. The babies in the control group were given baths according to the tub bathing standards. Babies in the experimental group were given palmar grasp reflex stimulation during the baths. The variables examined included body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, oxygen saturation levels, and crying time. In all analyses, p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results The heart rate of the experimental group was 5.2 beats per minute slower than the control group (χ2 = 12.272; p < 0.001). The respiratory rate of the experimental group was 1.3 lower per minute compared to the control group (χ2 = 43.219; p < 0.001). In addition, the oxygen saturation level (%) of the experimental group was 0.4 higher than the control group (χ2 = 5.793; p < 0.016). Crying time was higher in the control group during bathing ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The results showed that the palmar grasp reflex in newborn bathing helps to maintain the stability of physiological parameters and shortens the crying time of babies. Palmar grasp reflex stimulation is recommended in interventions that may cause stress.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training on Quality of Life, Depression, Muscle Strength, and Functional Exercise Capacity in Older Adults Aged 60 Years or More
Authors: Khodadad Kashi Sholeh , Mirzazadeh Zahra Sadat , Saatchian Vahid 
Published: August 2022

Background Aging is generally associated with numerous metabolic and physical changes that augment susceptibility to several chronic conditions, disability, and diminished quality of life. Objective The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of resistance training on quality of life, depression, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity in older adults (≥60 years). Data sources A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to December 20, 2021. Results 21 studies ( N = 1610) were included. Resistance training significantly improved physical functioning (standard mean differences (SMD), 0.31; p = 0.02), mental health (SMD, 0.44; p = 0.001), bodily pain (SMD, −0.52; p = 0.004), general health (SMD, 0.43; p = 0.002), social functioning (SMD, 0.25; p = 0.006), and mental component score (SMD, 0.51; p = 0.001) subscales. Moreover, depression (SMD, −1.13; p = 0.01), upper-limb muscle strength (mean difference (MD), 15.26 kg; p = 0.002), lower-limb muscle strength (MD, 48.46 kg; p = 0.02), and handgrip muscle strength (MD, 1.35 kg; p = 0.003) significantly improved following resistance training. No benefits were found for vitality, physical component score, total score of quality of life, and the 6-min walk distance. Conclusion Preliminary evidence reveals that resistance training can be effective for improving most domains of quality of life, upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, handgrip strength, and depression in aged people. More proof is hence needed to draw solid conclusions.
Clinical Outcomes Following Simple or Complex Stenting for Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qun , Huan Hengshan , Han Yu , Liu Han , Sun Shukun , Wang Bailu , Wei Shujian 
Published: August 2022

Background: Stent placement remains a challenge for coronary bifurcation lesions. While both simple and complex stenting strategies are available, it is unclear which one results in better clinical outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to explore the long-term prognosis following treatment with the 2 stenting strategies. Method: Randomized controlled trials found from searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were included in this meta-analysis. The complex stent placement strategy was identified as the control group, and the simple stent placement strategy was identified as the experimental group. Data were synthesized with a random effects model. The quality of the randomized controlled trials was assessed by Jadad scale scores. The clinical endpoints at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years were analyzed. Results: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2494 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The odds ratio [OR] of the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 6 months was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-1.35; P = .49, I2 = 0%). The OR of the MACEs at 1 year was 0.61 (95% CI 0.36-1.05; P = .08, I2 = 0%). The OR of the MACEs at 5 years was 0.69 (95% CI 0.51-0.92; P = .01, I2 = 0%). Compared with the complex strategy, the simple strategy was associated with a lower incidence of MACEs at 5 years. Conclusion: Compared to the complex stenting strategy, the simple stenting strategy can better reduce the occurrence of long-term MACEs for coronary bifurcation lesions.
Osteochondroma of the Tibial Tubercle Masquerading as Osgood-Shlatter Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Agaronnik Nicole D , Landrum Matthew , Wait Trevor , Hogue Grant D 
Published: August 2022

Background: Osteochondromas are a relatively common primary bone tumor, which may share common clinical features with Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). A limited number of cases have described tumors misdiagnosed as OSD. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old male with a sessile osteochondroma of the tibial tubercle and concomitant involvement of the distal extension and attachment of the patellar tendon into the tibial periosteum. A prior diagnosis OSD had been made. The lesion was resected and repair of the extensor mechanism was required at the time of surgery. The patient was followed for 20 months postoperatively and had restoration of knee function with minimal pain, as demonstrated by a PEDI-IKDC score of 94.6 at 19-month. Conclusion: This is a rarely reported case of benign tumor masquerading as OSD requiring excisional biopsy with extensor mechanism repair.
An Inclusive Leadership Model Insights From the Tech Industry
Authors: Booker Dante L. , Williams Michael R. 
Published: August 2022

Problem Inclusive leadership models have been introduced to represent a shift from traditional leadership approaches. However, missing from these models are principles of social justice and forward-thinking outcomes for building human relations. An examination of the detrimental consequences of exclusion is needed to realize the benefits of inclusion. Solution The Deconstructing Exclusion for Inclusive Leadership model, a framework for practice, is offered as a practical guide for deconstructing exclusionary practices and building positive, healthy human relations. The model is supported by affective behaviors and traits and cognitive competencies that inclusive leaders need to discourage exclusion and advocate for more inclusive relationships and social justice outcomes. Stakeholders Leaders, managers, practitioners, human resource development scholars, researchers, and educators.