bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unusual status of the hectare in the SI
Authors: Brown Richard J C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The unit hectare, meaning hectometre squared, has long been used for expressing measurements of land area. This article describes its history within the metric system and how it came to gain its current status as a non-SI unit that is accepted for use with the SI. As a function of this it has become detached from its parent unit, the are, which is no longer accepted for use with the SI. This situation causes ambiguity for the formation of multiples and submultiples of the hectare. This paper discusses this issue, proposes possible solutions, and concludes that the hectare should be added to the list of non-SI units with which SI prefixes may not be used, similarly to the non-SI units of time. A minor update to the SI Brochure would resolve this ambiguity.
Ingestion Dose and Elemental Composition in Coffee by X-Ray Fluorescence and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
Authors: Guazzelli M. A. , Curado J.F. , Loureiro K.P. , Medina N.H. , Rizzutto M. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study proposed in this paper aims to analyze macro and micronutrients in coffee powder samples from Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia, in two different stages of coffee preparation: before and after coffee filtering. In the analyzed samples, presence of K, Rb, Ca, Cl, S, Sr and Fe elements in coffee powder and coffee grounds using Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) was quantified. The presence of 40K and the radionuclides from the uranium and thorium series decays were verified using gamma-ray spectrometry analyses. With the results obtained using these two techniques, it was possible to estimate the ingestion index for natural radioisotopes. The results show that the annual dose due to coffee ingestion reaches 1.96(4) mSv, depending on the origin of the coffee and considering the annual coffee consumption in Brazil. Elemental Composition analysis of coffee grounds indicates that it can be reused as a product with a high concentration of nutrients.
Banana and its nutrients: the power of the heart
Authors: Palma M S , Curado J F , Rizzutto M , Medina N H , Guazzelli M A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Macro and micronutrients are essential minerals for the development of living beings, and this separation is given in quantitative reason, that is, while macronutrients, such as potassium and calcium, are required in larger amounts, micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are required in small quantities. For humans, potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient. In the human body, potassium has the function of regulating osmotic pressure, transmitting nerve impulses and carrying out muscle contraction. Its existence is found in high concentration in bananas. The heart banana plant is a little-known part among the by-products generated by banana cultivation, and is commonly discarded in the soil in order to increase its organic content, due to its high content of minerals such as potassium, calcium and zinc. Thus, this research work aimed to explore the nutritional potential of unconventional parts of banana for human consumption, through Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence technique, with which it is possible to identify and quantify the main constituent elements. The species were studied Musa Acuminata ‘Dwarf/Cavendish’, Musa Acuminata x M. Balbisiana ‘Apple/Manzano’, Musa Ornata ‘Ornamental’ and Musa Acuminata ‘Fig’. The quantity of potassium and of other elements such as Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Rb in the banana heart samples were studied superior to the findings in the literature.
Repulsive character induced by optimized perturbation techniques on the Polyakov-loop-extended Nambu—Jona-Lasinio model.
Authors: Ferrari Gabriel N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The determination of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram depends experimentally on thermodynamic quantities related to the cumulants of the pressure. These quantities appear as coefficients in the Taylor expansion of the pressure and, specifically for the second order cumulant c
2, QCD results on the lattice (LQCD) show that it raises with the temperature towards the Stefan-Boltzmann limit. On the other hand, when one evaluates c
2 within quark effective models considering a repulsion on the vector channel parametrized by GV
, this observable reaches a maximum just after Tc
, deviating itself from LQCD predictions. Here we apply the Optimized Perturbation Theory (OPT) method to the two flavor Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (at GV
= 0) to confront our results with those furnished by LQCD simulations. We show that c
2 behaves satisfactorily at low-T and close to Tc
, but, with GV
≠ 0, it develops a maximum at high-T. Our conclusions indicate that it would be possible that the correct high temperature behavior of c
2 beyond LN limit could be properly achieved by effective quark models if they also mimic the so-called asymptotic freedom phenomenon.
Explaining mass and spin in the visible matter: the next challenge
Authors: Salmè Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Understanding in depth …the origin of the nucleon mass, the nucleon spin, and the emergent properties of a dense gluon system… (Electron-ion collider Yellow Report, arXiv:2103.05419v) represents the frontier of modern hadron physics, both on the experimental and theoretical side. In this contribution, after briefly outlining the above challenges in view of the various experimental facilities planned in the near future, some insights into the non-perturbative regime of QCD will be provided. In particular, the most recent achievements in the description of the pion, playing a fundamental role in the hadron dynamics, will be illustrated within a genuinely relativistic quantum-field theoretical framework, based on actual solutions of the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation.
Insights into the equation of state of neutron-rich matter since GW170817
Authors: Piekarewicz Jorge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The historical detection of gravitational waves emitted from the collision of two neutron stars (GW170817) has opened the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. Since then, many other significant discoveries—both on heaven and earth—are providing new clues into the behavior of neutron-rich matter. It is the goal of this article to illustrate how the remarkable progress made during the last few years is spearheading the field into the golden age of neutron-star physics [?].
Proto-Neutron Star Matter
Authors: Alp A , Farrell D , Weber F , Malfatti G , Orsaria M G , Ranea-Sandoval I F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the properties of proto-neutron star matter. The relativistic finite-temperature Green function formalism is used to derive the equations which determine the properties of such matter. The calculations are performed for the relativistic non-linear mean-filed theory, where different combinations of lepton number and entropy have been investigated. All particles of the baryon octet as well as all electrically charged states of the Δ isobar have been included in the calculations. The presence of all these particles is shown to be extremely temperature (entropy) dependent, which should have important consequences for the evolution of proto-neutron stars to neutron stars as well as the behavior of neutron stars in compact star mergers.
The nature of the quark-hadron phase transition in hybrid stars and the mass-radius diagram
Authors: Albino M. B. , Navarra F. S. , Fariello R. , Lugones G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we use a hybrid equation of state that allows us to choose the smoothness of the quark-hadron phase transition, by choosing the value of a continuous parameter μc
. To describe the hadron phase, we use an equation of state (EoS) based on a chiral effective field theory (cEFT), and for the quark phase we use the equation of state of the MFTQCD (Mean Field Theory of QCD). We solve simultaneously the TOV equations and the tidal deformability equations and contruct the mass-radius and deformability-mass diagrams for several values of the parameter μc
. We find that the curves in these two diagrams are almost insensitive to the smoothness of the phase transition.
How to measure the magnetic field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Danhoni I. , Navarra F. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The intense magnetic field created in heavy-ion collisions has often been calculated with classical electrodynamics. This description is thought to be accurate if the occupation number of every field mode is high enough. However, this hypothesis has never been tested. Recently, we have studied a process involving the magnetic field, which we believe to be the simplest: pion production in ultraperipheral collisions. We have started using the classical approximation to study the forward pion production by the magnetic excitation of nucleons through the process N → Δ → N + π. Then, in a subsequent work, we have replaced this classical field by a flux of photons and have calculated the cross section for photoproduction of pions, which is the quantum version of magnetic excitation. We compared the cross sections obtained with both formalisms, which turned out to be compatible with each other. In this note, we review those works, enlarge the discussion and suggest some improvements that can be done to make our results more accurate. We emphasize that these pions could be detected by the ZDC’s installed at ATLAS and ALICE. Since the theoretical uncertainties are under control, this detection could be used to perform an indirect measurement of the magnetic field intensity.
Nonrelativistic and relativistic simple wave problems solved with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Caetano J V O , Nowacki L S , Franção V S , Hirayama Renan , Pala K P , Sola J O , Grassi F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To simulate the expansion of the matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions, codes in 3+1 dimensions are used and we are developing a new one. To benchmark such codes, the Sod’s shock tube is often used. A closely related problem is the one-dimensional expansion of a gas into vacuum. In this paper, we study this problem classically and relativistically with the Smoothed Particle Method and test various techniques to improve the precision and speed of the solution.
Internal Heating in Magnetars: Role of Electron Captures
Authors: Chamel Nicolas , Fantina Anthea Francesca , Suleiman Lami , Zdunik Julian-Leszek , Haensel Pawel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The role of electron captures by nuclei in the shallow heating of magnetars is further investigated using both nuclear measurements and the theoretical atomic mass table HFB-27. Starting from the composition of the outer crust in full equilibrium, we have calculated the onset of electron captures and the heat released due to the slow decay of the magnetic field. Numerical results are found to be similar to those previously obtained with the HFB-24 atomic mass model and are consistent with neutron-star cooling data.
Weak process for Iron isotopes chain used as seed for heavy elements nucleosynthesis
Authors: dos Santos M. , Duarte S.B. , Samana A.R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The weak processes are a key to understand the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in the universe. In this work we have studied weak processes such as β-decay and neutrino capture that are very important for the r-process. This process takes place in a region between neutron drip and β-stability line. For nuclei far from β-stability line the experimental data are very scarce. To study the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in astrophysics sites like Binary Neutron Star merger (BNS) and Supernova explosions, we have employed the Gross Theory of Beta Decay (GTBD) to evaluate the neutrino-nucleus cross sections and β-decay half-lives. Our 56Fe(νe
, e
−)56Co cross section show a excelent agreement with microscopic models and the half-lives well reproduce the experimental data with a satisfactory accuracy. We have fitted the neutrino-nucleus cross sections obtained by GTBD using a four degree polynomial dependence of the incident neutrino energy. This dependence allows us to systematically calculate the neutrino-nucleus cross sections for a large amount of nuclei, as occurs in the r-process nucleosynthesis calculation (more than 4000 nuclei). Our fitting and interpolation procedures are shown to be in a good agreement and the GTBD cross sections are successfully reproduced.
The role of the transfer of nucleons in driving double charge exchange reactions
Authors: Lubian J. , Ferreira J. L. , Linares R. , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Carbone D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transfer is an excellent tool to get insights into the short-range correlations on nucleons in a nuclear state. Within the context of direct reactions, the double charge exchange reactions have recently gained attention once their matrix elements might be associated with the double-beta decay rates. This class of reaction can occur from two completely distinctive mechanisms. They can take place by nucleons exchange or driven by mesons exchange between the projectile and target nuclei. Once the double charge exchange driven by multi-nucleon or mesons exchanges can compete with each other, it is crucial to analyze the contribution of the multi-nucleon transfer in this type of reaction to verify its relevance on the measured cross sections.
A focus on selected perspectives of the NUMEN project
Authors: Cavallaro M. , Agodi C. , Bellone J.I. , Brasolin S. , Brischetto G.A. , Bussa M.P. , Calabrese S. , Calvo D. , Campajola L. , Capirossi V. , Cappuzzello F. , Carbone D. , Ciraldo I. , Colonna M. , De Benedictis C. , De Gregorio G. , Delaunay F. , Dumitrache F. , Ferraresi C. , Finocchiaro P. , Fisichella M. , Gallian S. , Gambacurta D. , Gandolfo E.M. , Gargano A. , Giovannini M. , Iazzi F. , Lanzalone G. , Lavagno A. , Mereu P. , Neri L. , Pandola L. , Panero R. , Persiani R. , Pinna F. , Russo A.D. , Russo G. , Santopinto E. , Sartirana D. , Sgouros O. , Sharma V.R. , Soukeras V. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Tudisco S. , Avanzi L.H. , Cardozo E.N. , Chinaglia E.F. , Costa K.M. , Ferreira J.L. , Linares R. , Lubian J. , Masunaga S. H. , Medina N.H. , Moralles M. , Oliveira J.R.B. , Santarelli T.M. , Santos R.B.B. , Guazzelli M.A. , Zagatto V.A.B. , Koulouris S. , Pakou A. , Souliotis G. , Acosta L. , Amador-Valenzuela P. , Bijker R. , Chávez Lomelí E.R. , Garcia-Tecocoatzi H. , Huerta Hernandez A. , Marín-Lámbarri D.J. , Vargas Hernandez H. , Villagrán R. G. , Boztosun I. , Dapo H. , Eke C. , Firat S. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Kucuk Y. , Solakcı S.O. , Yildirim A. , Auerbach N. , Burrello S. , Lenske H. , Isaak J. , Pietralla N. , Werner V. , Lay J.A. , Petrascu H. , Ferretti J. , Kotila J. , Donaldson L. M. , Khumalo T. , Neveling R. , Pellegri L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of double charge exchange reactions is discussed in view of their application to extract information that may be helpful to determinate the nuclear matrix elements entering in the expression of neutrinoless double beta decay half-life. The strategy adopted in the experimental campaigns performed at INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud and in the analysis methods within the NUMEN project is briefly described, emphasizing the advantages of the multi-channel approach to nuclear reaction data analysis. An overview on the research and development activities on the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer is also given, with a focus on the chosen technological solutions for the focal plane detector which will guarantee the performances at high-rate conditions.
Two-neutron transfer as a tool to study pairing correlations in nuclei
Authors: Barioni A. , Kaur G. , Alcantara-Nunez J. , Assunção M. , Guimaraes V. , Lara A.L. , Lepine-Szily A. , Lichtenthäler R. , Linares R. , Mendes D.R. , Pires K.C.C. , Santos O.C.B. , Serra A.S. , Shorto J.M.B. , Umbelino U. , Zagatto V.A.B. , Zevallos E.O.N. , Zamora J.C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A feasibility study of two-neutron transfer reactions, using 12C and 19F targets, was performed. In this experiment, a 6He beam at 20 MeV incident energy was delivered by the RIBRAS facility. The main goal of this work was to test the RIBRAS system, operated in a single-solenoid mode, to investigate (6He,α) reactions in light nuclei. The excitation function of the 14C nucleus, populated by the 12C(6He,α) reaction, was extracted from the data. Evidence of nn-transfer reactions populating the ground state and the first

0
1
+

state in 14C were observed. However, the present spectrum might have contribution from other reaction channels such as the 6He breakup. Future experiments with the RIBRAS dual-solenoid mode will improve the quality of the data by reducing a significant amount of background.
Neutron-Induced Radiation Effects in UMOS Transistor
Authors: Alberton S G , Bôas A C V , Medina N H , Guazzelli M A , Aguiar V A P , Added N , Federico C A , Gonçalez O L , Cavalcante T C , Pereira Junior E C F , Vaz R G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ground level electronics and avionics systems may suffer from radiation effects induced by neutrons. Neutrons can induce radiation effects in electronic devices via fusion-evaporation nuclear reactions, but few studies have been reported for technologies such as UMOSFET. In this work, estimates and experimental studies on neutron-induced radiation effects via nuclear reactions in a Si-based UMOSFET are presented. Methods for probability estimates of neutron-induced Single-Event Effects (SEEs) in Si-based power transistors and neutron beam energy measurement is presented. The energy spectrum of a UMOSFET subject to fast neutron irradiation was then compared to that of a high charge collection efficiency silicon particle detector.
Comparing different methods of position reconstruction considering 1D readout of GEM detectors
Authors: Abelha Thais S. , Souza Geovane G. A. de , Bregant Marco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based detectors contain microstructures that provide amplification, via avalanche multiplication, for the charges generated due to ionizing radiation. The readout of the detector is responsible for collecting electrons multiplied by the GEM structure and it may be position sensitive. In this preliminary study, we created algorithms to compare the error of three different methods for position reconstruction. All these methods are based on weighted averages. In the algorithm we modeled an electron cloud as a normalized Gaussian function that is collected by a 1D readout of strips affected by white noise, then we made a clustering algorithm to identify the strips that collected the electron cloud. The method that uses the weight equal to squared charges shows the highest errors for narrow clouds, when the σ value (standard deviation of a Gaussian function) is closer to the strip width. Nonetheless, the errors of the three methods get similar results for a σ approximately equal to the width of one and a half strips.
Response testing of Schottky-barrier GaAs detectors with alpha particles
Authors: Pereira M.S. , Aguiar V.A.P. , Alberton S.G. , Quivy A.A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of new radiation detectors for harsh environments relies on the study of different materials and processes. In this work Gallium arsenide Schottky-barrier detectors were produced by thin film deposition on 500 μm thick GaAs wafers. Several tests of enclosure were made, and best results were obtained using commercial SSB detector fixture. Testing with NIM electronics and 241
Am alpha-particle source were made to obtain the characteristics of produced detectors. Simulations have shown that GaAs devices are resistant to ion radiation, however signal-to-noise ratio must be improved.
Determining the sensitivity curve of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and PIXE systems
Authors: Sousa Vitória D , Ramirez-Perez Javier Christian , Pereira Hugo D C , Rodrigues Cleber L , Santos Hellen C , Rizzutto Márcia A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of thin and thick materials every time is a challenge in X-ray analysis. The calculation of the sensitivity curve of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) systems allows for better quantitative analysis and also allows the determination of the concentration of a chemical element in a given thin sample from its intensity. The sensitivity curve can be found through the analysis of elemental standards, samples with well-defined superficial densities (μg/cm
2) that allow the calculation of the sensitivity of the system to the elements present in the standards. From these standard values, it is possible to fit a curve and find the sensitivity equation as a function of the atomic number. After that, the sensitivity curve which will be used to determine the elemental composition can help to calculate the concentration of any of the chemical elements of the periodic table present in a sample. Also, PIXE and ED-XRF are known to have a different sensibility and limits of detection (LOD) to determine elemental concentrations. In this article, the sensitivities of a portable ED-XRF and a PIXE system were calculated and compared. Altogether, the results showed that, for the experimental setups used, ED-XRF has better sensitivity associated with the chemical elements of intermediate atomic numbers, while PIXE’s functions describe better the sensitivities to the lighter and heavier chemical elements of the periodic table.
Development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to disseminate nuclear physics in Brazil
Authors: Foltran M H , Teixeira E A , Carlson B V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The wide range of practical applications regarding Nuclear Physics makes it a field with extreme relevance for research, industry, and scientific advances worldwide. However, despite its importance, there is no considerable dissemination of this topic in Brazil. In this project, we developed different Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to disseminate nuclear physics-related opportunities, events, scholarships, and other types of relevant content that may be of interest to the academic and non-academic public. Under the name Física Nuclear Brasil, a website portal was developed and social media profiles were created to value, strengthen and recognize the importance of such a relevant scientific field in Brazil. In addition, several contents were created to share institutions and opportunities, such as scholarships and jobs related to nuclear physics, as well as articles (scientific and non-scientific ones) related to the field. As a result, the portal is intended to act as a community source with updated and reliable nuclear physics and physics content. We expect that all content published under this project would help in the dissemination of nuclear physics in Brazil as a path to remedy the lack of reliable sources for this significant scientific area.
Design balance autonomous quadcopter for aerial photography with kalman
Authors: Lu C Y , Huang Y K , Su M S , Shih C L , Wu H F , Liao C W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop a cheap, accurate and autonomous quadcopter. This quadcopter contains microcontroller, gyroscope, accelerometer, barometer, electronic governor and brushless motor. At present, the noise removal filter of the quadcopter sold on the market is a complementary filter, and its disadvantage is that it will produce distortion when the attitude changes at a large angle. Therefore, in order to improve the shortcomings of the complementary filter in the quadcopter, we use the Kalman filter to replace complementary filters to achieve goal. At the same time, through the bluetooth remote connection, the flight situation can be immediately known, and the remote unmanned and stable flight of the quadcopter aerial camera can be achieved, so that the disaster areas or places that are difficult for exploration personnel to quickly obtain stable and clear images for convenient arrangement of rescue operations.