bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic Guide to Qualitative Analysis for Pediatric Researchers
Authors: Thompson Debbe , Deatrick Janet A , Knafl Kathleen A , Swallow Veronica M , Wu Yelena P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To describe four approaches to qualitative analysis in order to provide a pragmatic, application-oriented guide to their use in research focused on children and their families.

Methods
Four commonly used approaches to qualitative analysis—framework analysis, rapid qualitative analysis, content analysis, and reflexive thematic analysis—are described and compared, including their analytic strategies, tips for use, terminology, and application to a hypothetical example.

Results
A pragmatic guide to each method is provided as well as examples of how each analytic approach could be utilized to analyze the same dataset.

Conclusions
A variety of approaches to qualitative analysis are available to both novice and experienced qualitative researchers. The approach selected from the options presented in this article will depend on numerous factors, such as the clinical problem being explored, research context, aims, objectives, research questions, and resources available such as time and funds, and the qualitative expertise of the team.
An Experimental Evaluation of Two Approaches for Improving Response to Household Screening Efforts in National Mail/Web Surveys
Authors: Wagner James , West Brady T , Couper Mick P , Zhang Shiyu , Gatward Rebecca , Nishimura Raphael , Saw Htay-Wah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurvey researchers have carefully modified their data collection operations for various reasons, including the rising costs of data collection and the ongoing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, both of which have made in-person interviewing difficult. For large national surveys that require household (HH) screening to determine survey eligibility, cost-efficient screening methods that do not include in-person visits need additional evaluation and testing. A new study, known as the American Family Health Study (AFHS), recently initiated data collection with a national probability sample, using a sequential mixed-mode mail/web protocol for push-to-web US HH screening (targeting persons aged 18–49 years). To better understand optimal approaches for this type of national screening effort, we embedded two randomized experiments in the AFHS data collection. The first tested the use of bilingual respondent materials where mailed invitations to the screener were sent in both English and Spanish to 50 percent of addresses with a high predicted likelihood of having a Spanish speaker and 10 percent of all other addresses. We found that the bilingual approach did not increase the response rate of high-likelihood Spanish-speaking addresses, but consistent with prior work, it increased the proportion of eligible Hispanic respondents identified among completed screeners, especially among addresses predicted to have a high likelihood of having Spanish speakers. The second tested a form of nonresponse follow-up, where a subsample of active sampled HHs that had not yet responded to the screening invitations was sent a priority mailing with a $5 incentive, adding to the $2 incentive provided for all sampled HHs in the initial screening invitation. We found this approach to be quite valuable for increasing the screening survey response rate.
Low luminosity Type II supernovae – IV. SN 2020cxd and SN 2021aai, at the edges of the sub-luminous supernovae class
Authors: Valerin G , Pumo M L , Pastorello A , Reguitti A , Elias–Rosa N , Gútierrez C P , Kankare E , Fraser M , Mazzali P A , Howell D A , Kotak R , Galbany L , Williams S C , Cai Y-Z , Salmaso I , Pinter V , Müller-Bravo T E , Burke J , Padilla Gonzalez E , Hiramatsu D , McCully C , Newsome M , Pellegrino C 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Photometric and spectroscopic data for two Low Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae (LL SNe IIP) 2020cxd and 2021aai are presented. SN 2020cxd was discovered 2 d after explosion at an absolute magnitude of Mr = −14.02 ± 0.21 mag, subsequently settling on a plateau which lasts for ∼120 d. Through the luminosity of the late light curve tail, we infer a synthesized 56Ni mass of (1.8 ± 0.5) × 10−3 M⊙. During the early evolutionary phases, optical spectra show a blue continuum ($T\, \gt $8000 K) with broad Balmer lines displaying a P Cygni profile, while at later phases, Ca ii, Fe ii, Sc ii, and Ba ii lines dominate the spectra. Hydrodynamical modelling of the observables yields $R\, \simeq$ 575 R⊙ for the progenitor star, with Mej = 7.5 M⊙ and $E\, \simeq$ 0.097 foe emitted during the explosion. This low-energy event originating from a low-mass progenitor star is compatible with both the explosion of a red supergiant (RSG) star and with an Electron Capture Supernova arising from a super asymptotic giant branch star. SN 2021aai reaches a maximum luminosity of Mr = −16.57 ± 0.23 mag (correcting for AV = 1.92 mag), at the end of its remarkably long plateau (∼140 d). The estimated 56Ni mass is (1.4 ± 0.5) × 10−2 M⊙. The expansion velocities are compatible with those of other LL SNe IIP (few 103 km s−1). The physical parameters obtained through hydrodynamical modelling are $R\, \simeq$ 575 R⊙, Mej = 15.5 M⊙, and E = 0.4 foe. SN 2021aai is therefore interpreted as the explosion of an RSG, with properties that bridge the class of LL SNe IIP with standard SN IIP events.
DLEB: a web application for building deep learning models in biological research
Authors: Wy Suyeon , Kwon Daehong , Kwon Kisang , Kim Jaebum 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deep learning has been applied for solving many biological problems, and it has shown outstanding performance. Applying deep learning in research requires knowledge of deep learning theories and programming skills, but researchers have developed diverse deep learning platforms to allow users to build deep learning models without programming. Despite these efforts, it is still difficult for biologists to use deep learning because of limitations of the existing platforms. Therefore, a new platform is necessary that can solve these challenges for biologists. To alleviate this situation, we developed a user-friendly and easy-to-use web application called DLEB (Deep Learning Editor for Biologists) that allows for building deep learning models specialized for biologists. DLEB helps researchers (i) design deep learning models easily and (ii) generate corresponding Python code to run directly in their machines. DLEB provides other useful features for biologists, such as recommending deep learning models for specific learning tasks and data, pre-processing of input biological data, and availability of various template models and example biological datasets for model training. DLEB can serve as a highly valuable platform for easily applying deep learning to solve many important biological problems. DLEB is freely available at http://dleb.konkuk.ac.kr/.
Short- and Long-Term Cigarette and Tobacco Abstinence Among Daily and Nondaily Older Smokers
Authors: Avila Jaqueline C , Berg Carla J , Robinson Jason D , Ahluwalia Jasjit S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is mixed evidence regarding whether older (vs. younger) smokers are more or less likely to quit smoking. We examined how age is associated with cigarette and all tobacco product abstinence and the potential moderating effects of smoking frequency.

Aims and Methods
Data from a 4-year cohort of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study were used, including 7512 smokers at Wave 1 who had smoking status data at Wave 4. Logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of age (18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, and ≥55 years) on Wave 4, 30-day and 12-month cigarette and all tobacco product abstinence, adjusting for covariates and the interaction between age and cigarette use frequency (nondaily, light daily, and heavy daily).

Results
Older smokers (≥55 years) were more likely to be heavy daily smokers than younger smokers 18–24 and 25–34 years, but were less likely to have a past-year cigarette quit attempt. Younger smokers 45–54 years were less likely to report 12-month cigarette abstinence than older smokers (odds ratio = 0.72 [0.54–0.95]). Younger smokers 18–24 and 45–54 years were less likely to report 12-month tobacco product abstinence than older smokers (odds ratio = 0.65 [0.45–0.93]; odds ratio = 0.73 [0.55–0.96], respectively). Thirty-day cigarette abstinence significantly decreased as age increased for nondaily smokers, significantly increased for heavier daily smokers, but remained similar across age for light daily smokers.

Conclusions
Older smokers were more likely to report 12-month cigarette and tobacco abstinence than younger smokers 45–54 years old, and the effect of age on abstinence differed by smoking frequency/intensity. Smoking cessation interventions need to be age specific and consider smoking frequency.

Implications
This study shows that although older smokers are more likely to be heavy smokers and less likely to have a quit attempt at baseline, they are more likely to have 12-month cigarette and tobacco abstinence than younger smokers. Furthermore, 30-day cigarette abstinence significantly decreases as age increases for nondaily smokers and significantly increases for heavy daily smokers, suggesting that the effect of cigarette smoking frequency and intensity changes with age. Smoking cessation interventions need to be age specific as well as consider the smoking frequency/intensity of each age group. Younger smokers may need more targeted cessation interventions to successfully quit.
Next-generation probiotics as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of phenylketonuria: a review
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Josemar Gonçalves , Carvalho Adriana Sousa e Silva , Alves Jordana dos Santos , Egea Mariana Buranelo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic disease that causes brain toxicity due to the inability of the body to convert dietary phenylalanine to tyrosine by the action of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The only treatment for PKU so far is lifelong dietary intervention to ensure normal human growth and neurodevelopment. However, in adults, low long-term adherence to this type of dietary intervention has been observed. Given the important role of the intestinal microbiota in the process of digestion and disease prevention, probiotics could be a therapeutic strategy to help degrade dietary phenylalanine, reducing its levels before ingestion. Genetically modified probiotics designed as live biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of specific diseases are sophisticated alternative therapeutic strategies. In this review, the focus is on demonstrating what has been elucidated so far about the use of next-generation probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of individuals with PKU. The results described in the literature are encouraging and use genetically modified engineered probiotics showing efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. These probiotics appear to be suitable for meeting the unmet need for new drugs for PKU.
Conducting the Initial Therapeutic Assessment Session
Authors: David Raja M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the initial session in Therapeutic Assessment (TA), a model of psychological assessment designed by Stephen Finn and colleagues. TA is an evidence-based approach in which psychological test results are explored with clients in a highly collaborative and individualized fashion. The approach has been found to be efficacious with a wide variety of populations and mental health issues. There are six steps in the TA model, beginning with the initial session, which is the focus of this chapter. The values, skills, and goals of the initial session are described, which help build a relationship with the client and allow them to identify questions they want answered through psychological assessment. The steps covered in the initial session are outlined, and techniques for developing the client’s questions and working with various types of clients and assessment questions are explained.
Personality Assessment Inventory
Authors: Morey Leslie C. , McCredie Morgan N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a multiscale, standardized self-administered questionnaire designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of client personality and psychopathology. The measure demonstrates widespread use in clinical, research, and training settings, with practical applications across several assessment specialties, including forensics, neuropsychology, health, and personnel selection. This chapter provides an overview of the theory and development of the PAI, summarizes the psychometric literature, and highlights notable research findings and practical applications of the PAI. The PAI is additionally discussed with respect to its conceptual fit with contemporary dimensional models of personality and psychopathology, including the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology and the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders presented in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Student Threat Assessment
Authors: Cornell Dewey , Mehta Sharmila B. , Crichlow-Ball Caroline 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes behavioral threat assessment from other forms of violence risk assessment and identifies some specific features of student threat assessment in schools. The Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines (CSTAG) is presented as an evidence-based model for assessment and intervention with students who have threatened violence. The CSTAG model uses a five-step decision tree that allows multidisciplinary teams to take a problem-solving approach to violence prevention that involves gathering information, identifying problems or conflicts underlying a student’s threatening behavior, and taking actions to support the student and protect others from harm. Clinical interviewing of the threatening individual and corroborating sources is an essential component of the threat assessment process. Personality assessment instruments can help the team formulate an understanding of the student’s risk and protective factors and shape intervention strategies. A case example illustrates the threat assessment and intervention process.
Oceanic Zircon Records Extreme Fractional Crystallization of MORB to Rhyolite on the Alarcon Rise Mid-Ocean Ridge
Authors: Portner Ryan , Dreyer Brian M , Clague David A , Daczko Nathan R , Castillo Paterno R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The first known occurrence of rhyolite along the submarine segments of the mid-ocean ridge (MOR) system was discovered on Alarcon Rise, the northernmost segment of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in 2012. Zircon trace element and Hf and O isotope patterns indicate that the rhyolite formed by extreme crystal fractionation of primary mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) sourced from normal to enriched MOR mantle with little to no addition of continental lithosphere or hydrated oceanic crust. A large range in zircon ɛHf spanning 11 ɛ units is comparable to the range of whole rock ɛHf from the entire EPR. This variability is comparable to continental granitoids that develop over long periods of time from multiple sources. Zircon geochronology from Alarcon Rise suggests that at least 20 kyr was needed for rhyolite petrogenesis. Grain-scale textural discontinuities and trace element trends from zircon cores and rims are consistent with crystal fractionation from a MORB magma with possible perturbations associated with mixing or replenishment events. Comparison of whole rock and zircon oxygen isotopes with modeled fractionation and zircon-melt patterns suggests that, after they formed, rhyolite magmas entrained hydrated mafic crust from conduit walls during ascent and/or were hydrated by seawater in the vent during eruption. These data do not support a model where rhyolites formed directly from partial melts of hydrated oceanic crust or do they require assimilation of such crust during fractional crystallization, both models being commonly invoked for the formation of oceanic plagiogranites and dacites. A spatial association of highly evolved lavas (rhyolites) with an increased number of fault scarps on the northern Alarcon Rise might suggest that low magma flux for ~20 kyr facilitated extended magma residence necessary to generate rhyolite from MORB.
The NAC transcription factor ANAC017 regulates aluminum tolerance by regulating the cell wall-modifying genes
Authors: Tao Ye , Wan Jiang Xue , Liu Yu Song , Yang Xiao Zheng , Shen Ren Fang , Zhu Xiao Fang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the key factors limiting crop production in acid soils; however, little is known about its transcriptional regulation in plants. In this study, we characterized the role of a NAM, ATAF1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (NAC) transcription factors (TFs), ANAC017, in the regulation of Al tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ANAC017 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited constitutive expression in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and silique, although its expression and protein accumulation were repressed by Al stress. Loss of function of ANAC017 enhanced Al tolerance when compared with wild-type Col-0 and was accompanied by lower root and root cell wall Al content. Furthermore, both hemicellulose and xyloglucan content decreased in the anac017 mutants, indicating the possible interaction between ANAC017 and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). Interestingly, the expression of XTH31, which is responsible for xyloglucan modification, was downregulated in the anac017 mutants regardless of Al supply, supporting the possible interaction between ANAC017 and XTH31. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that ANAC017 positively regulated the expression of XTH31 through directly binding to the XTH31 promoter region, and overexpression of XTH31 in the anac017 mutant background rescued its Al-tolerance phenotype. In conclusion, we identified that the tTF ANAC017 acts upstream of XTH31 to regulate Al tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Integrating GWAS and TWAS to elucidate the genetic architecture of maize leaf cuticular conductance
Authors: Lin Meng , Qiao Pengfei , Matschi Susanne , Vasquez Miguel , Ramstein Guillaume P , Bourgault Richard , Mohammadi Marc , Scanlon Michael J , Molina Isabel , Smith Laurie G , Gore Michael A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed. Dissecting the genetic architecture of natural variation for maize (Zea mays L.) leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we performed an integrated genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies (GWAS and TWAS) to identify candidate genes putatively regulating variation in leaf gc. Of the 22 plausible candidate genes identified, 4 were predicted to be involved in cuticle precursor biosynthesis and export, 2 in cell wall modification, 9 in intracellular membrane trafficking, and 7 in the regulation of cuticle development. A gene encoding an INCREASED SALT TOLERANCE1-LIKE1 (ISTL1) protein putatively involved in intracellular protein and membrane trafficking was identified in GWAS and TWAS as the strongest candidate causal gene. A set of maize nested near-isogenic lines that harbor the ISTL1 genomic region from eight donor parents were evaluated for gc, confirming the association between gc and ISTL1 in a haplotype-based association analysis. The findings of this study provide insights into the role of regulatory variation in the development of the maize leaf cuticle and will ultimately assist breeders to develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.
A comparative transcriptomics and eQTL approach identifiesSlWD40as a tomato fruit ripening regulator
Authors: Zhu Feng , Jadhav Sagar Sudam , Tohge Takayuki , Salem Mohamed A , Lee Je Min , Giovannoni James J , Cheng Yunjiang , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough multiple vital genes with strong effects on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening process have been identified via the positional cloning of ripening mutants and cloning of ripening-related transcription factors (TFs), recent studies suggest that it is unlikely that we have fully characterized the gene regulatory networks underpinning this process. Here, combining comparative transcriptomics and expression QTLs, we identified 16 candidate genes involved in tomato fruit ripening and validated them through virus-induced gene silencing analysis. To further confirm the accuracy of the approach, one potential ripening regulator, SlWD40 (WD-40 repeats), was chosen for in-depth analysis. Co-expression network analysis indicated that master regulators such as RIN (ripening inhibitor) and NOR (nonripening) as well as vital TFs including FUL1 (FRUITFUL1), SlNAC4 (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2 4), and AP2a (Activating enhancer binding Protein 2 alpha) strongly co-expressed with SlWD40. Furthermore, SlWD40 overexpression and RNAi lines exhibited substantially accelerated and delayed ripening phenotypes compared with the wild type, respectively. Moreover, transcriptome analysis of these transgenics revealed that expression patterns of ethylene biosynthesis genes, phytoene synthase, pectate lyase, and branched chain amino transferase 2, in SlWD40-RNAi lines were similar to those of rin and nor fruits, which further demonstrated that SlWD40 may act as an important ripening regulator in conjunction with RIN and NOR. These results are discussed in the context of current models of ripening and in terms of the use of comparative genomics and transcriptomics as an effective route for isolating causal genes underlying differences in genotypes.
The Situation-Specific Theory of Heart Failure Self-care
Authors: Riegel Barbara , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Vellone Ercole 
Published: April 2022

Many studies of heart failure (HF) self-care have been conducted since the last update of the situation-specific theory of HF self-care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the manner in which characteristics of the problem, person, and environment interact to influence decisions about self-care made by adults with chronic HF.

Methods
This study is a theoretical update. Literature on the influence of the problem, person, and environment on HF self-care is summarized.

Results
Consistent with naturalistic decision making, the interaction of the problem, person, and environment creates a situation in which a self-care decision is needed. Problem factors influencing decisions about HF self-care include specific conditions such as cognitive impairment, diabetes mellitus, sleep disorders, depression, and symptoms. Comorbid conditions make HF self-care difficult for a variety of reasons. Person factors influencing HF self-care include age, knowledge, skill, health literacy, attitudes, perceived control, values, social norms, cultural beliefs, habits, motivation, activation, self-efficacy, and coping. Environmental factors include weather, crime, violence, access to the Internet, the built environment, social support, and public policy.

Conclusions
A robust body of knowledge has accumulated on the person-related factors influencing HF self-care. More research on the contribution of problem-related factors to HF self-care is needed because very few people have only HF and no other chronic conditions. The research on environment-related factors is particularly sparse. Seven new propositions are included in this update. We strongly encourage investigators to consider the interactions of problem, person, and environmental factors affecting self-care decisions in future studies.