bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chandra fails to detect X-ray emission from Type Ia SN 2018fhw/ASASSN-18tb
Authors: Dwarkadas Vikram V 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on Chandra X-ray observations of ASASSN-18tb/SN 2018fhw, a low luminosity Type Ia supernova (SN) that showed a H line in its optical spectrum. No X-ray emission was detected at the location of the SN. Upper limits to the luminosity of up to 3 × 1039 erg s−1 are calculated, depending on the assumed spectral model, temperature, and column density. These are compared to Type Ia-CSM SNe, SN 2005gj, and SN 2002ic that have been observed with Chandra in the past. The upper limits are lower than the X-ray luminosity found for the Type Ia-CSM SN 2012ca, the only Type Ia SN to have been detected in X-rays. Consideration of various scenarios for the Hα line suggests that the density of the surrounding medium at the time of Hα line detection could have been as high as 108 cm−3, but must have decreased below 5 $\times \, 10^6$ cm−3 at the time of X-ray observation. Continual X-ray observations of SNe which show a H line in their spectrum are necessary in order to establish Type Ia SNe as an X-ray emitting class.
Minimal diel vertical migration and consistent zooplankton capturability in low productivity reservoirs, Oregon
Authors: Murphy Christina A , Pollock Amanda M M , Strecker Angela , Johnson Sherri L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diel migrations of zooplanktons occur in marine and freshwater systems and can complicate inferences from studies. If populations perform vertical or horizontal diel migrations, daytime-only sampling can mischaracterize distributions and abundances. Zooplanktons also often display reduced capture avoidance at night and occupy areas easier to sample near the surface and away from littoral structure and the benthos. We examined zooplankton abundance, water column position and taxonomic composition during daytime and nighttime new moon periods using discrete depth sampling in oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs in Oregon, USA. These reservoirs have limited littoral structures, but support populations of zooplanktivorous fishes that we expected to drive diel vertical migrations. Contrary to our expectations, at night, most zooplankton taxa were within 2 m of their daytime distributional peak and did not display differences in abundance from day to night sampling. We consider factors that may help predict whether diel vertical migration occurs in a system. Where daytime sampling is sufficient to characterize zooplankton densities and distributions, costs and risks specific to nighttime sampling may be avoided. Improving our knowledge of zooplankton dynamics, particularly in ecosystems with limited diurnal variability, is an important part of understanding lake and reservoir food webs and can optimize the efforts of future studies.
Single-nucleus profiling unveils a geroprotective role of the FOXO3 in primate skeletal muscle aging
Authors: Jing Ying , Zuo Yuesheng , Yu Yang , Sun Liang , Yu Zhengrong , Ma Shuai , Zhao Qian , Sun Guoqiang , Hu Huifang , Li Jingyi , Huang Daoyuan , Liu Lixiao , Li Jiaming , Xin Zijuan , Huang Haoyan , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Zhang Weiqi , Wang Si , Qu Jing , Liu Guang-Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a feature of sarcopenia, and increases the risk of many aging-related metabolic diseases. Here, we report phenotypic and single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses of non-human primate skeletal muscle aging. A higher transcriptional fluctuation was observed in myonuclei relative to other interstitial cell types, indicating a higher susceptibility of skeletal muscle fiber to aging. We found a downregulation of FOXO3 in aged primate skeletal muscle, and identified FOXO3 as a hub transcription factor maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis. Through establishment of a complementary experimental pipeline based on a human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotube model, we revealed that silence of FOXO3 accelerates human myotube senescence, whereas genetic activation of endogenous FOXO3 alleviates human myotube aging. Altogether, based on a combination of monkey skeletal muscle and human myotube aging research models, we unraveled the pivotal role of the FOXO3 in safeguarding primate skeletal muscle from aging, providing a comprehensive resource for development of clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions against human skeletal muscle aging and the onset of sarcopenia along with aging-related disorders.
Training during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of public health registrars in the London and Kent, Surrey, Sussex training programme
Authors: Hall L , Bisset K , Lynch L , Young Y , Ruggles R ,   Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Public Health registrars (SpRs) were an important component of the workforce that contributed to the COVID-19 response. This study explores their contribution and the impact the early stages of the pandemic had on their learning and training.

Methods
Data were collected from SpRs in the London and Kent, Surrey, Sussex training programme between July and September 2020 through a mixture of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts was undertaken to identify themes.

Results
35/128 SpRs responded to the survey and 11 were interviewed. SpRs were placed across a range of organizations and made a significant contribution to the COVID-19 response. Overall, SpRs learned important skills but working on the response may for some have impacted negatively on training. A number of facilitators and barriers to learning were identified.

Conclusion
The study findings highlight the opportunities for learning created by the pandemic. However, changing projects and the desire of SpRs to contribute to the response meant the impacts on training were mixed. Future deployment of SpRs should consider the balance of responsibility and pace when delegating work, as well as the need to supervise effectively and support remote working to maintain good mental wellbeing.
Different Time Frames, Different Futures: How Disadvantaged Youth Project Realistic and Idealistic Futures
Authors: Liang Yingjian 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Existing sociological literature provides conflicting theoretical accounts of disadvantaged youth’s aspirations. While structuralists and rational choice theorists contend that disadvantaged young people tend to form low aspirations in the face of limited structural opportunities, cultural sociologists maintain that disadvantaged youth construct highly aspirational imagined futures to claim their moral self-worth in the present. I argue that incorporating time frames into the study of aspirations helps resolve the tension by enabling researchers to investigate when—in what time frame—one model works better than others. I demonstrate the value of this approach using qualitative interviews with 31 eighth-grade students in China’s rural Shanxi Province, where structural constraints of socioeconomic attainment undercut cultural ideals of social mobility. In this context, findings show that respondents focused on practical constraints from their academic performance and family economic strains when projecting their short-term futures (structural/rational choice model) while they constructed future selves distinctive from rural origins in their long-term futures (cultural model). I conclude by discussing this approach’s implications for studying aspirations, expectations, and their relationships to educational and career outcomes.
Association Between Role Overload and Sleep Quality Among Chinese First-Line Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Moderating Effect of Mindfulness
Authors: LI Na , ZHU Pengli , LI Hong , CHEN Xiaohuan , CHEN Lili , CHEN Meirong 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Nurses working during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have experienced a high incidence of insomnia because of exposure to life-threatening occupational risks. Good sleep is essential for nurses to maintain their ability to care for patients with infectious diseases.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of role overload on sleep quality and the moderating role of mindfulness.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study, which was conducted between March 20 and April 5, 2020. The survey was completed by 357 nurses who had relocated from Fujian Province to the epicenter of the outbreak in China to treat patients with COVID-19. Role overload, sleep quality, and mindfulness in these nurses were evaluated using the Role Overload Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, respectively.

Results
Hierarchical regression and other statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Role overload was shown to be positively related to poor sleep quality, and mindfulness was found to be effective in alleviating sleep disorders associated with role overload.

Conclusions
The high risk of sleep disturbance among frontline nurses may be alleviated by reducing their perceived role overload. The identification of mindfulness as a moderating mechanism in the relationship between role overload and sleep quality provides new insights to improve sleep quality in nurses.
Altered cardiovascular risk pattern of LDL cholesterol in older adults
Authors: Rozing Maarten Pieter , Westendorp Rudi G.J. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at middle-age constitute a strong risk factor for later cardiovascular events. In older populations, however, LDL-C levels are no longer predictive of cardiovascular mortality or may even seem protective. Whether the altered risk pattern of LDL-C in old age reflects a causal mechanism or is due to confounding and bias is subject to debate. In this review, we briefly discuss the possible explanations for the altered risk pattern of LDL-C observed in old age.

Recent findings
Using examples from the recent literature we illustrate how LDL-C levels ‘lose’ their predictive value as a cardiovascular risk factor in old age. We review three potential explanations for the changed cardiovascular risk pattern of LDL-C in older populations: survivorship bias, reverse causation, and effect modification.

Summary
The absent or protective effect of LDL-C on cardiovascular mortality in older populations found in observational studies might be explained by survivorship bias, reverse causation, and effect modification. However, this does not necessarily preclude the possibility that (specific) cholesterol-lowering treatment could decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. Placebo-controlled trials may importantly add to our understanding of who may benefit from lipid-lowering therapy or statins at an older age.
Case Report: Microsporidial Endophthalmitis after Penetrating Eye Trauma
Authors: Rodrigues Gladys , Rao Pooja , Vepakomma Tishya , Mendonca Teena 
Published: November 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
In the recent past, there are increasing publications on microsporidia affecting the cornea in Asian population. However, microsporidia-causing endophthalmitis has been rarely reported. This report intends to draw the attention of eye care professionals to consider microsporidia as a differential diagnosis in cases of keratitis or endophthalmitis after ocular trauma.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to report a case of microsporidial endophthalmitis after corneal tear in an otherwise healthy patient.

CASE REPORT
A 62-year-old healthy gentleman sustained injury to the left eye cornea with the tip of a soiled and wet screw driver. Two days after the corneal tear suturing, he complained of pain. On examination, circumcorneal congestion with hypopyon of 2 mm in height was present. Vitreous tap and intravitreal antibiotics were injected. Vitreous tap showed microsporidia. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed. His vision improved to 6/12.

CONCLUSIONS
Microsporidia are an emerging cause of stromal keratitis. In the recent past, there has been an increase in microsporidial keratitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. History of trauma especially in rainy season and exposure to soil are reported risk factors. This is a case report on microsporidia-causing endophthalmitis after corneal tear repair. Ophthalmologists and optometrists should be aware of the possibility of microsporidia as a potential pathogen causing stromal keratitis or endophthalmitis in a setting of ocular trauma. Early treatment can result in good visual recovery.
Liver Enzymes and Blood Lactate Profile of Patients Diagnosed with Typhoid Fever in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Anunobi Oluchukwu Ogechukwu , Ojo Rita Ewela 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundTyphoid fever resistance is on the increase and this frustrates efforts at treatment. Persistence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) typhoid fever leads to higher mortality rate since treatment is evasive.ObjectivesThis study intended to identify if liver enzymes and lactate levels are related to aggravating MDR in patients diagnosed with typhoid fever.Methods50 subjects were recruited, 45 were positive for Widal test and further subjected to stool culture examination for the presence ofS. Typhi. All subjects blood were analysed for lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)ResultsGrowth ofS. Typhi was observed in only eight subjects out of the 45 Widal positive test subjects. The eight positiveS. Typhi isolates showed resistance to the first line drugs, macrolides and 3rdgeneration cephalosporins but showed susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. ALP, AST, ALT and blood lactate were elevated in all multi-drug resistant patients. Highest levels of liver enzymes were observed in subjects resistant to the greatest number of antibiotics. However, there was no significant correlation of increase in blood lactate level and ALP when compared with increase in resistance based on number of antibiotics (R2=0.2858, R2=0.4675).ConclusionLactate and liver enzyme levels increase markedly during typhoid fever infection, however in MDR scenario, especially in resistance to different classes of antibiotics, the metabolic toll on the liver increases and is reflected in elevation of AST and ALT.
Environmental factors linked to reporting of active malaria foci in Thailand
Authors: Prempree Preecha , Bisanzio Donal , Sudathip Prayuth , Kanjanasuwan Jerdsuda , Powell Isabel , Gopinath Deyer , Suttiwong Chalita , Pinyajeerapat Niparueradee , Poortinga Ate , Sintasath David , Shah Jui A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThailand has made substantial progress toward malaria elimination, with 46 of the country’s 77 provinces declared malaria free as part of the subnational verification program. Nonetheless, these areas remain vulnerable to the reintroduction of malaria parasites and the reestablishment of indigenous transmission. As such, prevention of reestablishment (POR) planning is of increasing concern to ensure timely response to increasing cases. A thorough understanding of both risk of parasite importation and receptivity for transmission is essential for successful POR planning.MethodsRoutine geolocated case- and foci-level epidemiological and case-level demographic data were extracted from Thailand’s national malaria information system for all active foci from October 2012 to September 2020. A spatial analysis examined environmental and climate factors associated with remaining active foci. A logistic regression model collated surveillance data with remote sensing data to investigate associations with the probability of having reported an indigenous case within the previous year.ResultsActive foci are highly concentrated along international borders, particularly Thailand’s western border with Myanmar. Although there is heterogeneity in the habitats surrounding active foci, land covered by tropical forest and plantation was significantly higher for active foci than other foci. The regression results showed that tropical forest, plantations, forest disturbance, distance from international borders, historical foci classification, percentage of males, and percentage of short-term residents were associated with high probability to report indigenous cases.ConclusionThese results confirm that Thailand’s emphasis on border areas and forest-going populations is well placed. The results suggest that environmental factors alone are not driving malaria transmission in Thailand; rather, other factors, including demographics and behaviors, may also be contributors. However, these factors are syndemic, so human activities in areas covered by tropical forests and plantations may result in malaria importation and potentially, local transmission, in foci that previously had been cleared. These factors should be addressed in POR planning.
Sex differences in prenatal development of neural complexity in the human brain
Authors: Frohlich Joel , Moser Julia , Sippel Katrin , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Preissl Hubert , Gharabaghi Alireza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe complexity of neural activity is a commonly used read-out of healthy functioning in cortical circuits. Prior work has linked neural complexity to the level of maternal care in preterm infants at risk for developing mental disorders, yet the evolution of neural complexity in early human development is largely unknown. We hypothesized that cortical dynamics would evolve to optimize information processing as birth approaches, thereby increasing the complexity of cortical activity. To test this hypothesis, we conducted the first ever study relating prenatal neural complexity to maturation. MEG recordings were obtained from a sample of fetuses and newborns, including longitudinal data before and after birth. Using cortical responses to auditory irregularities, we computed several entropy measures which reflect the complexity of the MEG signal. Despite our hypothesis, neural complexity significantly decreased with maturation in both fetuses and newborns. Furthermore, we found that complexity decreased significantly faster in male fetuses for most entropy measures. Our surprising results lay the groundwork for the first ever mapping of how neural complexity evolves in early human development, with important implications for future efforts to develop predictive biomarkers of psychiatric disorders based on the complexity of perinatal MEG signals.
Identification of Key Genes and Underlying Mechanisms in Cystic Fibrosis and its Associated Complications Based on Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Analysis
Authors: Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the inherited autosomal recessive disorders with very complicated pathogenesis. Identifying the molecular signatures and specific biomarkers of CF might provide novel clues for CF and and CF associated complications prognosis and targeted therapy. Based on the nexgeneration sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE136371 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CF samples and normal controls were identified by using DESeq2 bioconductor package of R software. Gene ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses were applied for the DEGs. Then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs was visualized by Cytoscape with IMEx interactome database. The most significant module from the PPI network was selected for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Subsequently, a miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed to identify hub genes, miRNAs and TFs. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was established to validate these hub genes. Total of 917 DEGs were identified between CF and normal control samples in GSE136371 dataset, including 479 up regulated and 438 down regulated genes. The most enriched DEGs in GO and pathway enrichment analysis were mainly associated with response to stimulus, regulation of cellular process, Neutrophil degranulation and rRNA processing. PPI network, module analysis, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network predicted ten hub genes (FN1, UBE2D1, SRPK1, MAPK14, CEBPB, HSP90AB1, HSPA8, XRCC6, NCL and PARP1). In conclusion, the DEGs, relative pathways and hub genes identified in the present study might aid in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF and CF associated complications progression and provide potential molecular targets and biomarkers for CF and CF associated complications.
The yeast endocytic early/sorting compartment exists as an independent sub-compartment within thetrans-Golgi network
Authors: Toshima Junko Y. , Tsukahara Ayana , Nagano Makoto , Tojima Takuro , Siekhaus Daria E. , Nakano Akihiko , Toshima Jiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough budding yeast has been extensively used as a model organism for studying organelle functions and intracellular vesicle trafficking, whether it possesses an independent endocytic early/sorting compartment that sorts endocytic cargos to the endo-lysosomal pathway or the recycling pathway has long been unclear. The structure and properties of the endocytic early/sorting compartment differ significantly between organisms; in plant cells thetrans-Golgi network (TGN) serves this role, whereas in mammalian cells a separate intracellular structure performs this function. The yeast syntaxin homolog Tlg2p, widely localizing to the TGN and endosomal compartments, is presumed to act as a Q-SNARE for endocytic vesicles, but which compartment is the direct target for endocytic vesicles remained unanswered. Here we demonstrate by high-speed and high-resolution 4D imaging of fluorescently labeled endocytic cargos that the Tlg2p-residing compartment within the TGN functions as the early/sorting compartment. After arriving here, endocytic cargos are recycled to the plasma membrane or transported to the yeast Rab5-residing endosomal compartment through the pathway requiring the clathrin adaptors GGAs. Interestingly, Gga2p predominantly localizes at the Tlg2p-residing compartment, and the deletion of GGAs has little effect on another TGN region where Sec7p is present but suppresses dynamics of the Tlg2-residing early/sorting compartment, indicating that the Tlg2p- and Sec7p-residing regions are discrete entities in the mutant. Thus, the Tlg2p-residing region seems to serve as an early/sorting compartment, and function independently of the Sec7p-residing region within the TGN.
The Effect of Polymer Length in Phase Separation
Authors: Valdes-Garcia Gilberto , Gamage Kasun , Smith Casey , Martirosova Karina , Feig Michael , Lapidus Lisa J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the thermodynamics that drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is quite important given the many numbers of diverse biomolecular systems undergoing this phenomenon. Regardless of the diversity, the processes underlying the formation of condensates exhibit physical similarities. Many studies have focused on condensates of long polymers, but very few systems of short polymer condensates have been observed and yet studied. Here we study a short polymer system of various lengths of poly-Adenine RNA and peptide formed by the RGRGG sequence repeats to understand the underlying thermodynamics of LLPS. We carried out MD simulations using the recently developed COCOMO coarse-grained (CG) model which revealed the possibility of condensates for lengths as short as 5-10 residues, which was then confirmed by experiment, making this one of the smallest LLPS systems yet observed. Condensation depends on polymer length and concentration, and phase boundaries were identified. A free energy model was also developed. Results show that the length dependent condensation is driven solely by entropy of confinement and identifies a negative free energy (-ΔG) of phase separation, indicating the stability of the condensates. The simplicity of this system will provide the basis for understanding more biologically realistic systems.