bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the poor clinical and radiographic outcomes after anatomical reduction and internal fixation of posterior wall acetabular fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lin Sung-Yen , Ho Cheng-Jung , Liu Wen-Chih , Chen Jr-Kai , Tu Hung-Pin , Lee Tien-Ching , Chang Je-Ken , Chen Chung-Hwan , Lu Cheng-Chang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Anatomical reduction is the fundamental principle of hip function restoration after posterior acetabular wall fractures (PWFs). Some patients exhibit poor outcomes despite anatomical reduction, and the prognostic factors leading to poor outcomes remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with PWFs who had undergone anatomical reduction and internal fixation and to identify the predictors that impair clinical and radiologic outcomes.Methods: Clinical records of 60 patients with elementary PWFs who had undergone anatomical reduction and internal fixation between January 2005 and July 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The Harris hip score (HHS) and modified Merle d’Aubigné clinical hip scores (MMAS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Pre-operative and final follow-up radiographs were cross checked to identify poor radiographic outcomes that included the presence of advanced osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, as well as the need for conversion to total hip arthroplasty.Results: Age was negatively correlated with functional outcomes (correlation coefficients were -0.41 and -0.39 in HHS and MMAS, respectively) and significantly related to the severity of osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, and need for total hip arthroplasty. Regarding the radiographic factors, significantly worse post-operative HHS and MMAS were found in the fracture comminution group. In the subanalysis of the status of fracture comminution, patients with fragment comminution involving the acetabular dome had significantly lower functional scores than those with other fracture patterns.Conclusions: Age, fracture comminution, and dome comminution were the prognostic indicators of advanced osteoarthritis and poor functional scores after anatomical reduction and internal fixation of PWFs. We further emphasized the relevance of acetabular dome comminution as an important contributing factor to clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Structural investigation of aaptourinamine by a time-saving module-assembly based calculation
Authors: Shi Xing , Wu Zhihui , Jin Tianyun , Wang Cili , Li Pinglin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Unambiguously confirming natural products with high C/H ratio or proton-deficient and multi heteroatoms is challenging. A time-saving module-assembly calculation method named ‘Dooerafa’ including of constructing the meta-structures by a grafting method based on the crucial and the limited two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) correlations, ‘ring-contraction strategy’ based on mechanic force field and quantum chemical theory, and self-assemble calculations in Python programing for shaping up the structural candidates along with DFT-GIAO calculation was studied. And this method, verified by a known alkaloid spiroreticulatine with structure determined by X-ray diffraction, was performed for the structural elucidation of aaptourinamine which was isolated from marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides, showing us a brand new scaffold of imidazo[4,5,1-ij]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-7(8H)-one which has a biosynthetically relationship with the bioactive and structurally unique aaptamine alkaloid.
Comparative transcriptome reveals the mechanism of mink fur development and color formation
Authors: Wang Lidong , Zhou Shengyang , Liu Guangshuai , Lyu Tianshu , Shi Lupeng , Dong Yuehuan , He Shangbin , Zhang Honghai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Mink fur is an important economic product, but the molecular mechanism of its color formation and fur development is still unclear. We used RNA-seq to analyze the skin transcriptome of young and adult minks with two different hair colors. Result: The minks were made up of black adults (AB), white adults (AW), black juveniles (TB), and white juveniles (TW) (three each). We found that thirteen KRTAP genes and five signaling pathways (JAK-STAT signaling Pathway (cfa04630), Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (cfa04550), ECM-receptor interaction (cfa04512), Focal adhesion (cfa04510) and Ras signaling pathway (cfa04014)) were related to mink fur development through pair comparison and cross-screening among different subgroups. We also found a tyrosinase family (TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2) involved in mink hair color formation. The expression level of TYR in black young minks was higher than that in white young minks, but this phenomenon was not observed in adult minks.Conclusion: Our study found significant differences in adult and juvenile mink skin transcriptome, which may shed light on the mechanism of mink fur development. At the same time, the skin transcriptome of black and white minks was also different, and the comparison was different by age, suggesting that the genes regulating hair color function in early childhood rather than adulthood. This study can provide molecular support for breeding mink coat color and improving fur quality.
WITHDRAWN: Mapping relative forest maturity and stand development for conservation in the conterminous USA
Authors: Mackey Brendan , DellaSala Dominick A. , Norman Patrick , Campbell Carly , Comer Patrick , Rogers Brendan M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ContextInformation on the maturity of forests is important for conservation planning. However, available information for the USA is inadequate to support national conservation assessment and planning.ObjectivesThe main objective was to spatially model at a high resolution the relative level of maturity and stand development for forests across conterminous USA. A secondary objective was to explore which younger forests could be attributed to the impacts of severe natural disturbances. MethodsWe modelled the relative level of maturity for forests at a 30 m pixel resolution using spatial data for forest cover, height and biomass, stratified by forest types and ecoregions. National plot data were used to validate modelled results. The impact on Young forest from severe wildfire, insects and disease, and tornados was examined for the years 2000-2019.ResultsOf a total forest area of 248.9M ha, Young forest covered 52.9 M ha (22%); Intermediate 100.3 M ha (42%); and Mature 86.0 M ha (36%). Results suggest that the modelled data are tracking observed forest structure and stand development. 1.4 M ha (2.67%) of modelled Young forest was impacted by severe natural disturbances, with 51.5 (97.33%) M ha of Young forest unimpacted. The distribution of the disturbance factors varied geographically. The unimpacted Young plus Mature forest are where primary forests are most likely found. ConclusionsThe forest maturity data can assist forest decision makers in meeting environmental commitments regarding mitigating forest sector emissions, biodiversity conservation and water quality, including through prioritizing land for meeting protected area and ecosystem restoration targets.
circCOL12A1 induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition and facilitates oncogenesis in gastric cancer via miR-30b-3p/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Zhang Xiaochong , Wang Li , Zhao Xiaoling , Tian Xiaopeng , Lei Qiuxiang , Li Yuandong , Hui Limin , Tian Liangfang , Xie Shurui , Liu Dengxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential regulatory role in gene expression. Abnormally expressed circRNAs contribute to the occurrence and development of multiple cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, studies regarding circRNAs in GC remain inadequate. In this study, we used high-throughput screening assays and discovered that circCOL12A1 was significantly increased in GC tissues compared with that in normal gastric tissues. Overexpression of circCOL12A1 enhanced cell proliferation, whereas depletion of circCOL12A1 reduced GC cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating EMT-related gene expression. Mechanistically, circCOL12A1 sponged miR-30b-3p and inhibited miR-30b-3p activity and increased the expression of the EMT-related transcriptional factor, ZEB1. miR-30b-3p expression was lower in GC tissue and correlated with poor survival of GC patients. By contrast, ZEB1 was highly expressed in GC and played a role in promoting GC cell migration and EMT. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulation of ZEB1 via circCOL12A1-induced inhibition of miR-30b-3p resulted in GC cell proliferation and migration by regulating the EMT process. We demonstrated a pivotal role of circCOL12A1 in regulating proliferation and migration in cancer cells, and the results suggest a therapeutic benefit from targeting the circCOL12A1/miR-30b-3p/ZEB1 pathway in GC.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Florida medical students’ wellbeing and academic experience during “lockdown”
Authors: Baajour Shadi A. , Wahood Waseem , Carnevale Kate J. F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to demonstrate considerable impacts on all aspects of life, as well as mental health across populations. Medical students may be considered a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the compounding mental stress of a demanding medical education. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was designed for medical students in the state of Florida, USA, to collect their perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their personal daily habits, perceived social connectedness, academic outlook, and anxiety levels using a General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. Results: From the ten medical schools in Florida, 96 students responded. 94% of student respondents felt the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their academic experience, but only 55% of students felt their medical school adequately mitigated the negative effect of the pandemic on their education, psychological well-being, and personal health. GAD-7 analysis revealed 36 students with mild, 15 with moderate, and 6 with severe anxiety symptoms. Students rated interruption of daily habits and feeling others were not following health guidelines as the most influential factors for their increased anxiety. Factors related to decreased anxiety were communication with family, practicing relaxation techniques, and avoiding public exposure. Discussion: Increased levels of anxiety were common amongst students during the pandemic. Students should be encouraged to seek appropriate resources and outlets to mitigate the effects of anxiety on their psychological well-being and academic success.
The unexpected radiative impact of the Hunga Tonga eruption of January 15th, 2022
Authors: Sellitto Pasquale , Podglajen Aurelien , Belhadji Redha , Boichu Marie , Carboni Elisa , Cuesta Juan , Duchamp Clair , Kloss Corinna , Siddans Richard , Begue Nelson , Blarel Luc , Jegou Fabrice , Khaykin Sergey , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Legras Bernard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai (HT) volcano violently erupted on January 15th, 2022, injecting volcanic gases and aerosols at over 50 km altitude. Here we show the stratospheric aerosol and water vapour perturbations due to the HT eruption, the plume evolution during the first month dispersion and we estimate its short-term radiative impact. The HT eruption produced the largest perturbation of stratospheric aerosols and water vapour since the eruption of Pinatubo volcano in 1991. During the first three weeks following the eruption, water vapour radiative cooling dominates the plume’s heating/cooling rates, reaching values as large as -10 K/d and produces a fast plume descent of several km. At the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface, volcanic aerosol cooling dominates the radiative forcing (RF) for the fresh plume. After two weeks, due to dispersion/dilution, water vapour heating starts to dominate the TOA RF, leading to a net warming of the climate system, which was never reported before for a volcanic plume. The surface RF, on the contrary, is dominated by the aerosol effect and reaches values of near -2 Wm-2, exceeding the hemispheric-averaged surface impact of stratospheric events of the last 30 years.
Pattern of genetic inheritance of grain yield and grain related traits in rabi sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Verma Lokesh Kumar Verma Kumar , Biradar B. D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Grain related and yield contributing traits greatly influences both grain size and grain yield. In present experiment four crosses viz., BJV 44 × DSMR-8, BJV 44 × DSMR-4, PKV Kranti × DSMR-8 and PKV Kranti × DSMR-4 were studied for inheritance pattern during rabi-2020. Both additive and dominance gene actions were found to be predominant for all the traits in the cross BJV 44 × DSMR-8, whereas rest of the crosses exhibited additive gene action for some traits and dominance for other traits. The majority of the crosses exhibited duplicate gene interactions for most of the traits and were found suitable for population improvement program whereas some crosses, showed complementary gene interaction and were found suitable for heterosis breeding. While two crosses viz., BJV 44 × DSMR-4 and PKV Kranti × DSMR-4 were found suitable for heterosis breeding for grain yield/plant. It is the first report on inheritance pattern of grain size viz., grain length, width, thickness and other grain related traits such as 100 grain volume and density studied using generation analysis.
The Expressions of NMU, PPBP and GNG4 in Colon Cancer and Their Influences on Prognosis
Authors: Chen DanYu , Ye Zhen , Lew Zhenxian , Luo Simin , Yu Zhong , Lin Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the core genes that influence the prognosis of colon cancer, and analyze their relationships with clinical characteristics. MethodsThe gene expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The top ten core genes were selected by bioinformatics tools, and screened through the Oncomine database. The expressions of core genes in colon cancer cells and tissues were validated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results There were 1665 DEGs that have been identified from the TCGA database. Bioinformatics analysis found that GNGT1, NMU, PPBP, AGT, and GNG4 were differentially expressed in colon cancer tissue. Over-expression of NMU, PPBP, AGT, and GNG4 in colon cancer was associated with shortened survival time (p<0.05). In the validation studies, the high expression levels of NMU, PPBP and GNG4 in colon cancer cells and tissues were confirmed as compared to the control groups (p<0.05), and were adverse prognostic markers (p<0.01). The combination prognostic model of the three core genes predicted the 1, 3, and 5-year survival of colon cancer with the AUC of 0.868, 0.635 and 0.770, respectively. ConclusionsThe high levels of NMU, PPBP, and GNG4 were associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. The combination prognostic model of these three genes could be a new option.
Evaluation of fluorescence-based viability stains in scleractinian coral cell cultures
Authors: Roger Liza M. , Darko Yaa Adarkwa , Bernas Tytus , White Frances , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Lewinski Nastassja A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. Using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we characterized the autofluorescence and tested different fluorescent dye pair combinations to identify alternative viability indicators. The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecule, protein and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 hours of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX® orange. Our results show that this dye pair can be distinctly measured in the presence of fluorescent proteins plus chlorophyll. P. damicornis cells exposed for 24 hours to Triton-X100, insulin or titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 0.5-100 µg/mL, revealed a LC50 of 0.5 µg/mL for Triton-X100, 20 µg/mL for TiO2 NPs and an average 20% reduction in viability at 100 µg/mL for insulin. The workflow presented here provides a general framework for customizing dye pairs for cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, such concepts as gravitational cells and gravitational strings were successfully built into the theory of the gravitational field. This innovation made it possible to move from general ideas about gravitational interaction to a deeper and more detailed understanding of this physical process and to obtain significant scientific results. These results include: obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the mass of an electron and the mass of a hydrogen atom through fundamental physical constants; determining the energy of a graviton, obtaining the length and frequency of gravitational waves; obtaining the distance of action of gravitational forces; obtaining a relativistic formula for the speed of a body in a gravitational field, and etc. In this work, Planck's constant was successfully applied to the theory of gravitational cells and strings. As a result, the formula for the minimum distance of gravitational interaction, the formula for the mass of an electron, and the formula for the mass of a hydrogen atom were obtained. Through the synthesis of the theory of gravitational cells and the relativistic formula of Einstein's total energy, the relativistic formula for the velocity of a body in a gravitational field was obtained. The results obtained by the new formulas completely coincided with the known scientific and experimental data. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that only fundamental physical constants are present in the new formulas.
Determination of mercury concentration by a new spectrophotometric method and evaluation of bacterial diversity in river water samples from Brazil
Authors: Simião Daniela Carolina , de Andrade Frank Pereira , Lima William Gustavo , de Jesus Maria Larissa , Dorim Pedro Henrique Gomes , Paiva Magna Cristina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the main micropollutants reported in river water is mercury (Hg), a heavy metal toxic to human and animal organisms that can promote bacterial resistance to antimicrobials used in the clinical practice. Having done this in consideration, monitoring the concentration of Hg in the river is an important indicator of physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water. Thus, in this study, the Hg concentration was determined using a new spectrophotometric method in river water samples recovered from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Furthermore, the diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from these samples were also reported. A new ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method was validated and applied to quantify Hg in water and revealed high concentrations in the samples (0.13–0.35 μg·mL−1), above the limits established by Brazilian standards (0.002 μg·mL−1). Gram-negative bacteria (mainly Escherichia coli) were recovered in greater proportion (88.4%) from water samples with high mercury concentration and showed resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin. Our results highlighted that E. coli resistant to carbapenems, which are latest generation beta-lactams, were detected. In conclusion, the Hg levels are considerably high in river waters in Brazil, and these mercury-rich water sources are important reservoirs of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Sample Processing Considerations for Protein Stability Studies of Low
Concentration Biofluid Samples using Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Schneider Gabriela , Garbett Nichola C. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The analysis of biofluid samples with low protein content (e.g., urine or
saliva) can be challenging for downstream analysis methods with limited sensitivity. To circumvent
this problem, sample processing methods are employed to increase the protein concentration in
analyzed samples. However, for some techniques, like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that
characterizes thermally-induced unfolding of biomolecules, sample processing must not affect
native protein structure and stability.

Methods:
We evaluated centrifugal concentration and stirred cell ultrafiltration, two common
methods of sample concentration characterized by a low risk of protein denaturation, with the goal
of establishing a protocol for DSC analysis of low concentration biospecimens.

Results:
Our studies indicate that both methods can affect protein stability assessed by DSC and,
even after optimization of several parameters, the obtained DSC profile (thermogram) suggested
that sample processing affects the structure or intermolecular interactions of component proteins
contributing to altered thermal stability detectable by DSC. We also found a relationship between
changes in thermograms and low protein concentration, indicating that diluting biospecimens to
concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL can perturb the intermolecular environment and affect the
structure of proteins present in the solution.

Conclusions:
Dilution of samples below 0.1 mg/mL, as well as concentration of samples with low
protein content, resulted in affected thermogram shapes suggesting changes in protein stability. This
should be taken into account when concentrating dilute samples or employing techniques that lower
the protein concentration (e.g., fractionation), when downstream applications include techniques,
such as DSC, that require the preservation of native protein forms.
Translocator Protein 18-kDa: A Promising Target to Treat Neuroinflammation-
related Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Tremolanti Chiara , Germelli Lorenzo , Barresi Elisabetta , Da Pozzo Eleonora , Simorini Francesca , Castellano Sabrina , Taliani Sabrina , Da Settimo Federico , Martini Claudia , Costa Barbara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
In the nervous system, inflammatory responses physiologically occur as defense
mechanisms triggered by damaging events. If improperly regulated, neuroinflammation can
contribute to the development of chronically activated states of glial cells, with the perpetuation
of inflammation and neuronal damage, thus leading to neurological and neurodegenerative
disorders. Interestingly, neuroinflammation is associated with the overexpression of the
mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) in activated glia. Despite the precise role of
TSPO in the immunomodulatory mechanisms during active disease states is still unclear, it
has emerged as a promising target to promote neuroprotection. Indeed, TSPO ligands have
been shown to exert beneficial effects in counteracting neuroinflammation and neuronal
damage in several in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular,
the regulation of neurosteroids’ production, cytokine release, metabolism of radical oxidative
species, and cellular bioenergetics appear to be the main cellular events that underlie the
observed effects. The present review aims to illustrate and summarize recent findings on the
potential effect of TSPO ligands against neuroinflammation and related neurodegenerative
mechanisms, taking into consideration some pathologies of the nervous system in which inflammatory
events are crucial for the onset and progression of the disease and attempting to
shed light onto the immunomodulatory effects of TSPO.