bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATR-FTIR, SAXS and UV-Vis Studies of Silicone Hydrogel and Bio-Hydrogel Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Bayarı Sevgi , Göcen Tuğba , Bacıoğlu Akın , İde Semra 
Published: October 2022

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of contact lens materials on the structural properties and to examine ultraviolet (UVA part) and visible (Vis) transmittance with and without UV filters of the commercially available silicone hydrogel (SiHy) and bio-hydrogel (bio-Hy) soft contact lenses (CLs) in vitro.
Place and Duration of Study: Hacettepe University, Department of Physics, Ankara, Turkey, between May 2018 and May 2021.
Methodology:Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of CLs were recorded (at removing from its package, after 10 min, 1 h and 1 day at room temperature) in the 4000-650 cm-1region to estimate water contents of CLs. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed to differentiate chemical structure of CLs based on the spectral differences. Ultraviolet (UVA) and visible light transmittance of (CLs) was measured in the 315 -800 nm region. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) analyses were performed to obtain further structural information on nano-scale.
Results: One of the key observations in this study is the large influence of lens water content. The HCA analysis grouped all the CLs of same brand in same cluster based on their chemical similarity. The UVA transmittance results showed that CLs with UV blockers almost met ClassI and ClassII standards. The size (11.8-39.9 nm) and differences in morphologies of the nano globules were determined and correlated with equilibrium water content (EWC).
Conclusion: This work was designed to explain important characteristics of commercial CLs and results will have implications for future experimental and clinical research regarding hydration/ dehydration experiments with CL polymers.
Numerical Simulation of Hygrothermomechanical Deformations of Bituminous Pavements in the City of Ouagadougou Subjected to Tropical Dry Showers
Authors: Koudougou Sidpouita Mathilde , Amadou Konfe , Toguyeni David Y. K. , Pantet Anne , Ouahbi Tariq 
Published: October 2022

The waters of the torrential rains in the city of Ouagadougou lead to the appearance or amplification of damage to the surface of asphalt pavements during the rainy season. Road infrastructure maintenance campaigns follow one another almost every rainy season to fill potholes and cracks observed on the pavements. Several hypotheses can be put forward as to the origin of the action of water on the surface of pavements: the pressure of runoff water, infiltration, thermal expansion during the rainy episode, etc. These various reasons reveal the need to take rainwater into account when designing pavements. A previous study on the effect of heat waves on pavement design made some recommendations for better design. It has raised the interest to observe the impact of rain on pavement deformability.
The objective of this article is to estimate, as a first approach, the effect of tropical rains on the Thermomechanical behaviour of bituminous pavements formulated with pure grade 35/50 bitumen and grade 10/65 modified bitumen without trafic.
The properties of the road materials and the data from the statistical treatment of rainfall in the city of Ouagadougou were determined. The software based on the finite element method was used to model the phenomena coupling the meteorological conditions to the mechanical structure of the pavement for the quantification of hygrothermal and mechanical deformations.
The bituminous pavements studied were subjected to maximum rainfall intensities of 53.06 mm/h, and 99 mm/h with respective frequencies of occurrence of 2 years and 15 years.
The comparison of the temperature profiles at the surface of the studied pavements, allowed to highlight the viscous character of the asphalt subjected (35/50 bitumen and grade 10/65 modified bitumen) to the rains of maximum intensity of 99 mm/h. The maximum deformations simulated during these rains are about 1.2 times greater in the wearing course than in the base course, which does not disrupt the classical order of temperature evolution in the different pavement layers under dry tropical conditions. These deformations obtained also respect the admissibility criteria in terms of pavement design for T2 trafic (151 to 300 Heavy Truck/day). This study could be expanded to include the permeability of bituminous surfaces and runoff phenomena that could provide information on the origin of the observed deterioration.
Productivity and Profitability of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) under Nutrient Management with Different Organic Sources
Authors: Singh Nimit , Singh R. B. , Pyare Ram , Shukla I. N. , Singh Vivek , Ranjan Abhishek Raj 
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the present experiment entitled “Productivity and profitability of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) under different major nutrient management with organic sources” was conducted at Vegetable farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University Of Agriculture And Technology, Kanpur during rabi season 2021-22.The experiment consists of twenty-four treatment combinations of six sources of organic manure and four levels of major nutrients. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD design and replicated three times. Palam samridhi variety of broccoli was transplanted at spacing of 45x45 cm. Results of the experiment revealed that the total head yield (q/ha) was significantly higher under M6 (FYM 20 t +Vermicompost 5 t + Poultry manure 5 t ha-1 ) source of manure which was at par application of M4 (Vermicompost 5 t ha-1) whereas in case of major nutrients it was significantly higher under application of (140:80:80 kg NPK ha-1) but it was at par with (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1) and significantly superior to rest sources of organic manure. Maximum cost of cultivation, gross return as well as net return was associated with F3 (140:80:80 kg NPK ha-1) level of major nutrient but higher benefit cost ratio was noted under M3 (Poultry manure 5t/ha) source of manure and combination of M6 sources of manure along with F2 level of major nutrient fetches maximum net return of 9.71 which was followed by rest treatment combinations.
Identification of Immunogenic T and B-Cell Epitope Peptides of Rubella Virus E1 Glycoprotein towards the Development of Highly Specific Immunoassays and Vaccine
Authors: Rajendiran Prashanth , Saravanan Nithiyanandan , Ramamurthy Mageshbabu , Aruliah Rajasekar , Nandagopal Balaji 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The Rubella virus has a worldwide occurrence and congenital Rubella syndromes are widely recognized as an emerging infection in several parts of the world. Miscarriage, perinatal mortality, and stillbirth can develop in pregnancy during the first trimester. The most frequent techniques for laboratory diagnosis of Rubella virus infection are IgM and IgG-based serological detection methods. Such emerging viral and bacterial pathogen emphasizes the development of fast diagnostic devices; there is a need for enhanced and quicker methods.
Materials and Methods: Search for peptide vaccine with specific T and B-cell epitopes was identified through bioinformatics-based approaches. These were identified utilizing available Rubella virus E1 glycoprotein sequence databases. The outer-membrane glycoprotein, E1 is a target protein for the prediction of best antigens.
Results: Using BepiPred2 program, the potential B-cell epitope PFCNTPHGQLEVQVPPDPGD with high conservation among E1 glycoprotein of rubella virus and the maximum surface exposed residues was identified. Using IEDB, NetMHCpan, and NetCTL programs, T-cell epitope RPVALPRAL was identified. Predicted epitopes were found to have promiscuous class-I major histocompatibility complex binding affinity to major histocompatibility complex super types, antigenicity scores, and high proteasomal cleavage. The three-dimensional modeled structures were created using I-TASSER online server for highlighting the predicted T- and B- cell epitopes.
Conclusion: The predicted T and B cell epitope could be used for the development of immunoglobulin assay and vaccine candidate peptide.
Constraints in Adoption of Clean and Safe Milking Techniques by Dairy Farmers in Kerala: An Assessment
Authors: Antony Aneetta V. , Verma Ajay , Choudhary Udita , Sen Biswajit , Dixit Anil Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Aim: The constraints involved in the adoption of clean and safe milk production practices were identified from a sample of 210 farmers covering three major districts of Kerala i.e. Kollam, Thiruvananthapuram, and Palakkad randomly. Average adoption score of 65 out of 95 practices indicated the need to sensitize the farmers for adoption of clean and safe milk production practices.
Methodology: The constraints faced by the farmers in adopting clean and safe milk production practices were identified and ranked using Garrett’s ranking technique. Kendall rank correlation was used to estimate the ordinal association of the ranks given to constraints by the farmers.
Results: Inadequate information about clean and safe milk production practices was identified to be the major constraint faced by the farmers followed by high cost of inputs, lack of finance, lack of infrastructure and constraints on the availability of land. Lack of finance, high cost of inputs and constraints on the availability of land were found to be strongly correlated to each other, having a cumulative adverse effect on the adoption of clean and safe milking practices.
Optimal Control of 3.5 MW Solar Hybrid Power Plant of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Nyiekaa Emmanuel A. , Iortim Kumator M. , Agber Jonathan U. 
Published: October 2022

The operation of power-generating plants becomes complex when two or more sources of power are combined. The decision of which source should take priority of load demand at various intervals requires sensitive control approaches. The Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi (JOSTUM) 3.5 Mega Watts Solar Hybrid Power Plant (SHPP) has one source of renewable system; photovoltaic (PV) array, one source of energy storage system; battery banks, and one source of backup system; diesel generators (DGs), power conversion devices; Photovoltaic inverters (PVIs), power conditioning systems (PCSs) and switchgears were modelled and simulated. The emphasis of the research is to obtain a control technique, which when applied to the PVI would improve the power produced from the PV array system. For a PV module to harvest the maximum amount of solar energy and simultaneously attain higher efficiency, PV systems must be operated at their maximum power point (MPP) under partially shaded conditions (PSC), varying irradiances and temperature. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are capable of guaranteeing MPP under varying climatic conditions. A control scheme is proposed using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based MPPT control technique in order to improve the output power of the PV array. The output of the existing system from the PV array is about 1,800 kW, but when the WOA-based MPPT control technique is applied, an output of about 2,800 kW is produced. To validate the choice of the proposed technique, perturb and observe (P and O) algorithm for MPPT was tested on the system, which generated a mean power of 2,300 kW. The results proved that the proposed technique has an efficiency of 55.56% greater than the existing and P and O MPPT- based algorithm, which has 27.78%. The simulation was accomplished via MATLAB/Simulink.
Factors Determining the Formation of Toponyms of the Kola Peninsula
Authors: Sysolin M. , Kulakovskiy A. 
Published: October 2022

A map of toponyms of the Kola Peninsula has been compiled and analyzed. The factors that determine the distribution and evolution in time of the areals of Russian, Finnish, Saami and Norwegian toponyms are:

Natural conditions and, above all, the distribution of rivers, lakes and mountain ranges that influenced the migration of peoples;
The specifics of the economic activity of the population: fishing, maritime trade, reindeer husbandry, industrial development of mineral deposits;
Political factors: changing state borders, attracting or vice versa expulsion of foreign colonists, forced Russification.

In the process of evolution, toponyms of different nationalities could interact with each other in different ways: somewhere “hybrid” Russian-Saami toponyms arose, somewhere Russian, Saami and Finnish toponyms turned out to be “mixed” and closely coexisted with each other, forming "integral" areals, and somewhere there was a complete replacement of toponyms of one nationality by toponyms of another.
Evaluation of Standard-of-Care Practices Among Physicians Who Treat Other Physicians
Authors: Avinger Anna McNair , McClary Tekiah , Dixon Margie , Pentz Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceEthical discussions have suggested that physicians who treat other physicians may put their physician-patients at risk of receiving non–standard-of-care treatment, which may result in worse outcomes. This phenomenon occurs when a physician treats a fellow physician as a VIP (very important person), and is therefore known as VIP syndrome. It is important to assess physicians’ perceptions when treating physician-patients.ObjectiveTo determine whether the physicians treating other physicians have attitudes toward or act in ways that could place physician-patients at risk for VIP syndrome.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 2-part qualitative study was conducted from December 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. Physicians who worked at a single comprehensive cancer center with experience treating other physicians were eligible to participate. Convenience sampling was used. Emails and flyers were sent out with study information, and if interested, physicians were able to schedule an interview. Of 24 physicians responding, 3 did not have experience treating other physicians, yielding a sample of 21 (88%), which was sufficient to reach a saturation of themes. After the initial structured interview of physicians, follow-up key informant interviews were performed.ExposuresThe structured interview was developed on the basis of a literature review and focused on factors that may contribute to VIP syndrome.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipant responses to open-ended questions were qualitatively coded using standard multilevel semantic analysis to assess physician perceptions of treating fellow physicians. A series of Likert-scaled questions were used to identify potential contributing factors to VIP syndrome.ResultsTwenty-one physicians (11 men [52%], 11 White [52%], and 15 [71%] younger than 49 years) participated. Although no physician interviewed stated that they altered their usual treatment plans, 11 (52%) agreed that their physician-patients tried to dictate their own care, and 17 (81%) believed that their physician-patients obtained privileges, such as use of medical knowledge to participate in in-depth discussions of care, ability to obtain and use the treating physicians personal contact information, and receiving faster access to care. Eleven respondents (52%) reported increased stress, and 12 (57%) experienced more pressure not to disappoint their physician-patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest that when physicians treat other physicians, the physician-patients may obtain privileges unavailable to patients who are not physicians. Therefore, guidelines to help physicians navigate the complex relationships between themselves and their physician-patients are needed to ensure equitable outcomes between physician and nonphysician patients.
Exosomes as Potential Functional Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yao Yang , Jiang Yuhuan , Song Jialu , Wang Ruojing , Li Zhaoping , Yang Lei , Wu Weimin , Zhang Luyue , Peng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived extracellular vesicles of 40–160 nm diameter, which carry numerous biomolecules and transmit information between cells. They are used as functional nanomaterials with great potential in biomedical areas, such as active agents and delivery systems for advanced drug delivery and disease therapy. In recent years, potential applications of exosomes in tissue engineering have attracted significant attention, and some critical progress has been made. This review gives a complete picture of exosomes and their applications in the regeneration of various tissues, such as the central nervous systems, kidney, bone, cartilage, heart, and endodontium. Approaches employed for modifying exosomes to equip them with excellent targeting capacity are summarized. Furthermore, current concerns and future outlook of exosomes in tissue engineering are discussed.
Design and Properties of Antimicrobial Biomaterials Surfaces
Authors: Mehrjou Babak , Wu Yuzheng , Liu Pei , Wang Guomin , Chu Paul K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmergence of antibiotic‐resistance pathogens has caused serious health issues and if the current trend is to continue, treatment of the infection will become complicated and even unsuccessful due to new antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, there is a global drive to identify new methods to treat infection and develop better antibacterial materials and therapy. Although new and more potent antibiotics have aided the fight against microbes, they only offer a temporary solution because future bacteria strains may become resistant to these antibiotics and drugs. Recently, application of non‐biological methods such as, electrical currents and photothermal/dynamic therapies to kill bacteria, reveal new approaches to design antimicrobial biomaterials, as complications stemming from drug‐resistant bacteria can be obviated. Furthermore, recent research has focused on mimicking the surface patterns on plants and insects such as lotus leaves and dragonfly wings. Bio‐inspired micro/nano patterns have been replicated on a variety of biomaterials to improve the bacterial resistance and other properties with good success. This is an exciting research area with immense practical and clinical potentials. In this review, recent advances in the application of chemical/biological approaches to combat bacterial infection and AMR are summarized and the related mechanisms are discussed.
Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly Directed Synthesis of Porous Materials with Ordered Bicontinuous Structures and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Xiang Luoxing , Li Qian , Li Chen , Yang Qiqi , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPorous materials with their ordered bicontinuous structures have attracted great interest owing to ordered periodic structures as well as 3D interconnected network and pore channels. Bicontinuous structures may favor efficient mass diffusion to the interior of materials, thus increasing the utilization ratio of active sites. In addition, ordered bicontinuous structures confer materials with exceptional optical and magnetic properties, including tunable photonic bandgap, negative refraction, and multiple equivalent magnetization configurations. The attractive structural advantages and physical properties have inspired people to develop strategies for preparing bicontinuous‐structured porous materials. Among a few synthetic approaches, the self‐assembly of block copolymers represents a versatile strategy to prepare various bicontinuous‐structured functional materials with pore sizes and lattice parameters ranging from 1 to 500 nm. This article overviews progress in this appealing area, with an emphasis on the synthetic strategies, the structural control (including topologies, pore sizes, and unit cell parameters), and their potential applications in energy storage and conversion, metamaterials, photonic crystals, cargo delivery and release, nanoreactors, and biomolecule selection.
Kartogenin‐Conjugated Double‐Network Hydrogel Combined with Stem Cell Transplantation and Tracing for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Chen You‐Rong , Yan Xin , Yuan Fu‐Zhen , Lin Lin , Wang Shao‐Jie , Ye Jing , Zhang Ji‐Ying , Yang Meng , Wu De‐Cheng , Wang Xing , Yu Jia‐Kuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of existing tissue‐engineering cartilage (TEC) is known to be hampered by weak integration of biocompatibility, biodegradation, mechanical strength, and microenvironment supplies. The strategy of hydrogel‐based TEC holds considerable promise in circumventing these problems. Herein, a non‐toxic, biodegradable, and mechanically optimized double‐network (DN) hydrogel consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and kartogenin (KGN)‐conjugated chitosan (CHI) is constructed using a simple soaking strategy. This PEG‐CHI‐KGN DN hydrogel possesses favorable architectures, suitable mechanics, remarkable cellular affinity, and sustained KGN release, which can facilitate the cartilage‐specific genes expression and extracellular matrix secretion of peripheral blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB‐MSCs). Notably, after tracing the transplanted cells by detecting the rabbit sex‐determining region Y‐linked gene sequence, the allogeneic PB‐MSCs are found to survive for even 3 months in the regenerated cartilage. Here, the long‐term release of KGN is able to efficiently and persistently activate multiple genes and signaling pathways to promote the chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and survival of PB‐MSCs. Thus, the regenerated tissues exhibit well‐matched histomorphology and biomechanical performance such as native cartilage. Consequently, it is believed this innovative work can expand the choice for developing the next generation of orthopedic implants in the loadbearing region of a living body.
Correlation between Redox Potential and Solvation Structure in Biphasic Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Park Kyobin , Kim Dong‐Min , Ha Kwang‐Ho , Kwon Bomee , Lee Jeonghyeop , Jo Seunghyeon , Ji Xiulei , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe activity of lithium ions in electrolytes depends on their solvation structures. However, the understanding of changes in Li+ activity is still elusive in terms of interactions between lithium ions and solvent molecules. Herein, the chelating effect of lithium ion by forming [Li(15C5)]+ gives rise to a decrease in Li+ activity, leading to the negative potential shift of Li metal anode. Moreover, weakly solvating lithium ions in ionic liquids, such as [Li(TFSI)2]− (TFSI = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), increase in Li+ activity, resulting in the positive potential shift of LiFePO4 cathode. This allows the development of innovative high energy density Li metal batteries, such as 3.8 V class Li | LiFePO4 cells, along with introducing stable biphasic electrolytes. In addition, correlation between Li+ activity, cell potential shift, and Li+ solvation structure is investigated by comparing solvated Li+ ions with carbonate solvents, chelated Li+ ions with cyclic and linear ethers, and weakly solvating Li+ ions in ionic liquids. These findings elucidate a broader understanding of the complex origin of Li+ activity and provide an opportunity to achieve high energy density lithium metal batteries.