bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound characteristics of carotid web
Authors: Fontaine Louis , Guidolin Brigitte , Viguier Alain , Gollion Cedric , Barbieux Marianne , Larrue Vincent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeCarotid web (CaW) is a cause of recurrent ischemic stroke that remains underdiagnosed using Duplex ultrasound (DUS). Improved methods and description of its ultrasound's features could allow better detection of CaW. Ultrasound microflow imaging (MFI) is a blood flow imaging technique sensitive to slow flow that could increase CaW detection. This study aimed to describe ultrasound features of CaW using B‐mode imaging and MFI.MethodsIn a retrospective monocentric study, patients with CaW on CT angiography who underwent DUS examination of carotid arteries were included. DUS was performed by two nonblinded experienced neurosonologists. The specificity of CaW ultrasound features was evaluated using a group of patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque (AP).ResultsTwenty‐four patients with CaW were included. Mean age (standard deviation) was 48 years (11). Seventeen (71%) were females. Fifteen (63%) CaWs were symptomatic. MFI was available for 22 patients. B‐mode imaging demonstrated the characteristic CaW appearance in 19/24 (79%) patients as a protruding triangular iso‐hypoechoic lesion on longitudinal view. CaW were detected on axial view in only 9/24 (38%) patients. MFI displayed slow blood flow above CaW during systole and allowed it delineation, appearing as a thin triangular endoluminal defect in 18/22 (82%) cases. Based on MFI and B‐mode, 21/22 (95%) CaWs were visible, including three CaWs only with MFI. These ultrasound features were not found among 24 patients with AP.ConclusionWe report the ultrasound features from a series of 24 CaW. The use of MFI in addition to B‐mode imaging improved the detection rate of CaW.
A financial frontier model with bankers' susceptibility under uncertainty
Authors: Hyun Hans D. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article aims to refine the Post Keynesianlong runfinancial frontier models under anintermediate runcalled the ‘implementation period,’ the time horizon tofinanceandimplementlong run strategic plans. During this period, the availability of debt finance is crucial to bridge the time gap before future free cash flows validate the investment. Therefore, firms' long run investment plans may be modified or suspended during this time horizon subject to bankers' uncertainty perception and state of confidence, which constrain debt capacity and firms' investment decisions. Uncertainty and the measures to enhance confidence, such as banking convention, mimetic behaviours, and bankers' spontaneous optimism, are critical to determining the financial frontier because they affect the lending amount,tenor, andrefinancingpotential. The proposed model focussing on bankers' convention and susceptibility explains the volatile nature of the financial frontier, investment instability,downwardsloping effective loan supply and credit rationing under new perspectives.
Comparison of samples of blister fluid and scales in the diagnosis of dermatomycosis
Authors: Xia Hui , Mo Xiao Hui , Yang Lian Juan , Yang Hong , Tan Jing Wen , Yu Qian , Zhang Peng Fei , Tan Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe successful diagnosis of dermatomycosis depends on specimen collection. Dermatomycosis is sampled mainly for scales, but there is a lack of research on specimens of blister fluid.ObjectivesTo explore whether blister fluid can diagnose dermatomycosis and compare blister fluid and scale specimens for dermatomycosis diagnosis.MethodsFrom April to July 2021, we prospectively gathered 34 patients who needed to meet all inclusion criteria simultaneously and collected their blister fluid and scales as specimens. The two samples were tested by fluorescent stain microscopy, fungal culture and PCR, and the diagnosis results were compared.ResultsThe blister fluid sample's sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 90%, 100% and 94.1%, respectively, whereas the scales sample were 60%, 100% and 76.5%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios were >10 for both blister fluid and scales specimen, and the negative likelihood ratios were not <0.1. On the Youden's index, the blister fluid specimen was 90%, and the scales specimen was 60%. As for the diagnostic odds ratio, both of them were >1. By fungal culture, we detected 14 cases of fungi in blister fluid and eight in scales. On PCR, 22 cases of fungi in blister fluid and ten in scales were identified.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a sample of blister fluid had better sensitivity, accuracy and Youden's index in diagnosing dermatomycosis with blister fluid. Collection of blister fluid might compensate for the inadequacy of collecting only scales specimens for mycological testing.
Critical care nurses' perception of patient involvement in care: A qualitative focus group
Authors: Egelund Hansen Anja , Lehmkuhl Lene , Højager Nielsen Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient involvement in care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is complex. Knowledge about the nature and extent of patient involvement in the Intensive care unit is scarce.AimThe aim of the study was to explore the critical care nursing staff's perception of patient involvement in their care in the ICU.Study DesignA phenomenological, hermeneutic research study was carried out using qualitative data. Data were collected in two focus group interviews analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. The study was conducted in a level 2 medical‐surgical 8‐bed ICU in a regional hospital in Southern Denmark.ResultsCritical care nurses found it important to maintain involvement in intensive care. Depending on the patient's ability to partake in care, approaches for patient involvement ranged from (1) continually adjusting care activities according to the patient's bodily responses, (2) formation of a relationship with the patient to enable personalized care and (3) making room for self‐determined care progressing with the patient's recovery.ConclusionCritical care nurses' perception of patient involvement depended on the patient's level of consciousness. When unconscious, patient involvement was possible but took a physical approach. However, the power inequality in the nurse–patient relationship must be expressed if patient involvement in the ICU is to take place.Relevance to Clinical PracticeResults suggest that nurses' perception of patient involvement in the ICU depends on the patient's level of consciousness. Patient involvement may be possible even when the patient is unconscious but it takes a more physical approach. It is essential that the power inequality in the nurse–patient relationship must be expressed if patient involvement in the ICU is to take place.
The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology study: Research opportunities national and worldwide
Authors: Jan Tack , Drossman Douglas A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Rome Foundation embarked on an ambitious multi‐year, multinational population‐based study to evaluate the prevalence of Rome IV‐defined DGBI and their biopsychosocial impact on a worldwide scale. The consistency of the study findings attests to the scientific rigor of this effort, as evident in the publications that resulted from this international study. Dr. Sperber and colleagues report a subanalysis on the Rome IV Global Epidemiology internet survey of the 2012 adults in Israel. These data determined the national prevalence of Rome IV‐defined DGBIs, and their associated healthcare utilization and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Importantly, they also permitted seamless comparison of the data in the rest of the world. The Israeli study highlights some of the strengths of the Global Epidemiology Study: the 2 respondents had a geographical spread representative of the country. The questionnaire in Israel was available to the participants online in four different languages used by the population in Israel: The database of the study is now available through the Rome Foundation Research Institute for use by academic and industry researchers. This unique gift from the Rome Foundation to the scientific community no doubt will further enhance our understanding of disorders of gut‐brain interaction.
Hemiepiphytic figs kill their host trees: acquiring phosphorus is a driving factor
Authors: Mo Yu‐Xuan , Corlett Richard T. , Wang Gang , Song Liang , Lu Hua‐Zheng , Wu Yi , Hao Guang‐You , Ma Ren‐Yi , Men Shi‐Zheng , Li Yuan , Liu Wen‐Yao 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Hemiepiphytic figs killing their host trees is an ecological process unique to the tropics. Yet the benefits and adaptive strategies of their special life history remain poorly understood.

We compared leaf phosphorus (P) content data of figs and palms worldwide, and functional traits and substrate P content of hemiepiphytic figs (Ficus tinctoria), their host palm and nonhemiepiphytic conspecifics at different growth stages in a common garden.

We found that leaf P content of hemiepiphytic figs and their host palms significantly decreased when they were competing for soil resources, but that of hemiepiphytic figs recovered after host death. P availability in the canopy humus and soil decreased significantly with the growth of hemiepiphytic figs. Functional trait trade‐offs of hemiepiphytic figs enabled them to adapt to the P shortage while competing with their hosts. From the common garden to a global scale, the P competition caused by high P demand of figs may be a general phenomenon.

Our results suggest that P competition is an important factor causing host death, except for mechanically damaging and shading hosts. Killing hosts benefits hemiepiphytic figs by reducing interspecific P competition and better acquiring P resources in the P‐deficient tropics, thereby linking the life history strategy of hemiepiphytic figs to the widespread P shortage in tropical soils.
Sexually antagonistic selection on educational attainment and body size in Estonian children
Authors: Valge Markus , Meitern Richard , Hõrak Peeter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural selection is a key mechanism of evolution, which results from the differential reproduction of phenotypes. We describe fecundity selection at different parity transitions on 15 anthropometric traits and educational attainment in Estonian children sampled in the middle of 20th century. The direction of selection on educational attainment and bodily traits was sexually antagonistic, and it occurred via different parity transitions in boys and girls. Compared to boys with primary education, obtaining tertiary education was associated with 3.5 times and secondary education two times higher odds of becoming a father. Transition to motherhood was not related to educational attainment, while education above primary was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.5–0.7) to progression to parities above one and two. Selection on anthropometric traits occurred almost exclusively via childlessness in boys, while among the girls, most of the traits that were associated with becoming a mother were additionally associated with a transition from one child to higher parities. Male (but not female) fitness was thus primarily determined by traits related to mating success. Selection favored stronger and larger boys and smaller girls. Selection on girls favored some traits that associate with perceived femininity, while other feminine traits were selected against.
The German guidelines for medication safety in pediatric emergencies
Authors: Kaufmann Jost , Engelhardt Thomas ,   The Expert Group coordinated by the German “Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)”
Published: July 2022

AbstractMedication errors are a significant threat to the safety of patients of all ages. These errors are more common in children than in adults due to age‐specific drug dosages, drug dilutions, and individual dose calculation based on body weight. In addition, it may be necessary to rapidly administer several potentially harmful or even life‐threatening drugs during the emergency situation. It is not possible to provide specialized pediatric emergency teams for every prehospital or intrahospital emergency and technical resources are frequently not identical to those of a specialized facility further increasing the risk of medication errors. This narrative review of the German Guidelines for Medication Safety in Pediatric Emergencies introduces the main principles for medication safety in pediatric emergencies and the highlights its most important pragmatic measures and recommendations.
Physical activity, quality of life and parenting stress in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Yoon Mi‐Jeong , Choi Hyehoon , Kim Joon‐Sung , Lim Seong Hoon , Yoo Yeun‐Jie , Hong Bo Young 
Published: July 2022

AbstractsBackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) are less physically active than their typically developing peers. The effects of decreased physical activity on children's quality of life (QOL) or caregiver's lives are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, QOL, and parenting stress in children with CP.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was done in children with CP. Daily physical activity was measured over 7 days using an accelerometer (ActiGraph™). Caregivers completed the Child Health Questionnaire – Parent Form 50 and Parenting Stress Index – Short Form. Multiple regression analysis was used.ResultsIn total, data from 65 children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–V, aged 4–13 years, were analyzed. Non‐ambulatory (GMFCS IV–V) children had significantly lower activity counts and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in comparison with ambulatory (GMFCS I–II) and marginally ambulatory (GMFCS III) children. The ambulatory group had better physical QOL than the non‐ambulatory group. Caregivers of the non‐ambulatory or marginally ambulatory children with CP reported higher parenting stress levels than those of the ambulatory group. Time spent in MVPA and activity counts were positively associated with physical QOL in children with CP. Low activity counts and low amounts of MVPA of children with CP were significant predictors of high parenting stress.ConclusionsPhysical activity in children with CP is associated with children's QOL and parenting stress. These results suggest that clinicians should conduct physical activity assessment and counseling to promote physical activity.
Diabetes management in people living with dementia in Japan: a qualitative exploration
Authors: KM Saif‐Ur‐Rahman , Hirano Yukiko , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Yatsuya Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDementia and diabetes are highly prevalent among the older society in Japan. People living with dementia (PLWD) often face hurdles in managing diabetes. This study explored the perspectives of healthcare providers in Japan regarding diabetes management in PLWD.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using in‐depth interviews as a data collection method. A total of 15 physicians and nurses were interviewed. A qualitative content analysis of the codes was performed to generate the themes.ResultsThe major themes focused on the management of medications/therapeutic regimen, difficulties of continuing health care, emotional aspects of PLWD for adherence to lifestyle modification, and varying direction and degree of family support for diabetes care.ConclusionPLWD in Japan face challenges in medication management, food restriction, and lifestyle modification. Policies to engage home visit care workers in medication management, consideration of the emotional aspect of PLWD, and utilisation of social support might help in the proper management of diabetes in PLWD.
Governance reforms and public acceptance of regulatory decisions: Cross‐national evidence from linked survey experiments on pesticides authorization in the European Union
Authors: Zeitlin Jonathan , van der Duin David , Kuhn Theresa , Weimer Maria , Jensen Martin Dybdahl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo governance reforms affect public acceptance of regulatory decisions, and if so, how? We tackled this critical but under‐studied question through a pair of linked survey experiments on public attitudes toward the reform of European Union (EU) pesticides regulation among a representative sample of the adult population in six EU member states. We tested the expectation that citizens are more likely to accept a regulatory decision that runs counter to their prior policy preferences if it is taken under a procedure they support. We first conducted a conjoint experiment to study whether the specific design of decision‐making procedures impacts public support for EU pesticide regulation. In a second linked experiment, we asked respondents whether farmers should be allowed to use glyphosate, the best known and most controversial pesticide. We then asked respondents if they would accept an authorization decision on glyphosate contrary to their prior expressed preference if it were taken under a decision‐making procedure they supported. The results demonstrate that a regulatory decision‐making procedure respondents support increases their willingness to accept a hypothetical authorization decision contrary to their prior expressed preference. Contrary to the findings of previous research, our study thus provides strong evidence that governance reforms supported by citizens can enhance acceptance of controversial regulatory decisions, even on politicized issues such as pesticides authorization.
Atomoxetine and fesoterodine combination improves obstructive sleep apnoea severity in patients with milder upper airway collapsibility
Authors: Messineo Ludovico , Taranto‐Montemurro Luigi , Calianese Nicole , Gell Laura K. , Azarbarzin Ali , Labarca Gonzalo , Vena Dan , Yang Hyung Chae , Wang Tsai‐Yu , Wellman Andrew , Sands Scott A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe combination of the noradrenergic atomoxetine plus the anti‐muscarinic oxybutynin acutely increased genioglossus activity and reduced obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. However, oxybutynin has shorter half‐life than atomoxetine and side effects that might discourage long‐term usage. Accordingly, we aimed to test the combination of atomoxetine and fesoterodine (Ato‐Feso), a newer anti‐muscarinic with extended release formulation, on OSA severity and endotypes.MethodsTwelve subjects with OSA underwent a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial comparing one night of atomoxetine plus fesoterodine (80–4 mg) to placebo. Parameters of OSA severity (e.g., apnoea–hypopnoea index [AHI], nadir oxygen desaturation and hypoxic burden) were calculated from two clinical, in‐lab polysomnographic studies. OSA endotypes (including collapsibility per VMIN and arousal threshold) were derived from validated algorithms.ResultsCompared to placebo, Ato‐Feso did not reduce the AHI (34.2 ± 19.1 vs. 30.1 ± 28.2 events/h, p = 0.493), but reduced the apnoea index (12.9 [28.8] vs. 1.8 [9.1] events/h, median [interquartile range], p = 0.027) and increased nadir desaturation (76.8 [8.0] vs. 82.2 [8.8] %, p = 0.003); a non‐significant trend for improved hypoxic burden was observed (52.4 [50.5] vs. 29.7 [78.9] %min/h, p = 0.093). Ato‐Feso lowered collapsibility (raised VMIN; 43.7 [29.8–55.7] vs. 56.8 [43.8–69.8] %VEUPNOEA, mean [CI], p = 0.002), but reduced the arousal threshold (129.3 [120.1–138.6] vs. 116.7 [107.5–126] %VEUPNOEA, p = 0.038). In post hoc analysis, 6/6 patients with milder collapsibility (VMIN > 43%) exhibited OSA resolution (drop in AHI > 50% and residual AHI < 10 events/h) and improved hypoxaemia.ConclusionWhile inefficacious in unselected patients, Ato‐Feso administered for one night suppressed OSA in patients with milder collapsibility. Ato‐Feso may hold some promise as an alternative OSA treatment in certain subgroups of individuals.
High-dimensional Changepoint Estimation with Heterogeneous Missingness
Authors: Follain Bertille , Wang Tengyao , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a new method for changepoint estimation in partially observed, high-dimensional time series that undergo a simultaneous change in mean in a sparse subset of coordinates. Our first methodological contribution is to introduce a ‘MissCUSUM’ transformation (a generalisation of the popular cumulative sum statistics), that captures the interaction between the signal strength and the level of missingness in each coordinate. In order to borrow strength across the coordinates, we propose to project these MissCUSUM statistics along a direction found as the solution to a penalised optimisation problem tailored to the specific sparsity structure. The changepoint can then be estimated as the location of the peak of the absolute value of the projected univariate series. In a model that allows different missingness probabilities in different component series, we identify that the key interaction between the missingness and the signal is a weighted sum of squares of the signal change in each coordinate, with weights given by the observation probabilities. More specifically, we prove that the angle between the estimated and oracle projection directions, as well as the changepoint location error, are controlled with high probability by the sum of two terms, both involving this weighted sum of squares, and representing the error incurred due to noise and the error due to missingness respectively. A lower bound confirms that our changepoint estimator, which we call MissInspect, is optimal up to a logarithmic factor. The striking effectiveness of the MissInspect methodology is further demonstrated both on simulated data, and on an oceanographic data set covering the Neogene period.
A seed‐specific transcription factor, HSFA9, anticipates UV‐B light responses by mimicking the activation of the UV‐B receptor in tobacco
Authors: Carranco Raúl , Prieto‐Dapena Pilar , Almoguera Concepción , Jordano Juan 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYSunflower heat shock factor A9 (HSFA9, hereafter A9) is a transcription factor involved in seed desiccation tolerance and longevity. A9 also links the regulation of seed maturation with that of seedling photomorphogenesis through visible light receptors. Analyses in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) indicated that A9 also affects responses mediated by NtUVR8, the receptor of ultraviolet light B (UV‐B). We compared the effects of A9 and UV‐B illumination on the nuclear localization of GFP‐NtUVR8 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We also used co‐immunoprecipitation and limited proteolysis for analyzing the interaction between A9 and NtUVR8. We found that A9, by binding to NtUVR8, induced structural changes that resulted in enhancing the nuclear localization of NtUVR8 by hindering its nuclear export. The localization of UVR8 is crucial for receptor activation and function in Arabidopsis, where UV‐B‐activated nuclear UVR8 binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, leading to enhanced UV‐B responses and photoprotection. A9 similarly activated NtUVR8 by enhancing COP1 binding without UV‐B light. Seedlings and dark‐germinated seeds that overexpress A9 showed primed UV‐B light stress protection. Our results unveil a UV‐B‐independent activation mechanism and a role for UVR8 in plant seeds that might contribute to early stress protection, facilitating seedling establishment.
Placing the more‐than‐human in environmental gentrification
Authors: March Loren , Bunce Susannah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper considers the more‐than‐human implications of environmental gentrification in cities. Through a synthesis of existing environmental gentrification literature, we highlight gentrification scholarship that has emphasised natural ecologies, animals, or other non‐human actors in its processes. We propose the concept of (un)commons as a conceptual basis that offers generative pathways forward for centring a more‐than‐human politics in environmental gentrification scholarship as well as ways to interpret the everyday impacts of environmental gentrification on more‐than‐human beings and spaces in cities.