bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GC-MS Analysis of the Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Ethanol, Dichloromethane, and n-hexane Extracts of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Seed
Authors: Anyanwu C. F. , Georgewill O. A. , Georgewill U. O. , Jr. Eric Aigbogun 
Published: June 2022

Aim: The study analysed the bioactive compounds (BACs) present in aqueous ethanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane extracts of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.
Methodology: The dried grounded seed C. pepo were successively extracted using the three solvents and GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the differential quantitative BACs in the extracts of C. pepo seeds.
Results: The GC-MS results revealed the presence of 5, 22, and 17 for aqueous ethanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane extracts respectively. Of the over 434 bioactive compounds present in C. pepo, palmitic, stearic, linoleic compounds and their derivatives were the bioactive compounds found in all three extracts. Scientific evidences suggest that palmitic, stearic, linoleic, barbituric acids, and their derivatives have significant biological effects. Compounds without documented scientific evidence such as Silane, dimethyl(2-methoxyethoxy) octadecylocy-, (22R)-6.alpha., 11.beta., 21 Trihydroxy-16.alpha., 17.alpha.-propylmethylenedioxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, and Galactopyranose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, .beta.-d- were found in n-hexane extract, while 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester E, Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene was found in dichloromethane extract.
Conclusion: Results of this study may provide a foundation for the application of C. pepo in nonclinical setting and the designing of new drug for several clinical purposes.
Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization: A comparison of responses to broad versus behaviorally specific questions
Authors: Marchewka Juliette , Tomaszewska Paulina , Schuster Isabell , Krahé Barbara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrom the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV‐S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60% for women and 75% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim–perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed.
Tuning the Laser‐Induced Processing of 3D Porous Graphenic Nanostructures by Boron‐Doped Diamond Particles for Flexible Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Deshmukh Sujit , Jakobczyk Pawel , Ficek Mateusz , Ryl Jacek , Geng Dongsheng , Bogdanowicz Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon (sp3)‐on‐carbon (sp2) materials have the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy storage and microelectronics. However, the rational engineering and printing of carbon‐on‐carbon materials on flexible substrates remains a challenge in wearable electronics technology. This study demonstrates the scalable fabrication of flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐boron doped diamond nanowall (BDNW) hybrid nanostructures for microsupercapacitors. Direct laser writing on polyimide film is tuned by the presence of BDNW powder where an appreciable absorbance of the BDNWs at the CO2 laser wavelength enhances the local film temperature. The thermal shock due to laser irradiation produces graphitized and amorphous carbon at the diamond grain boundaries which increases the thermal and charge transfer capacity between the LIG–diamond interfaces. The samples are further treated with O2 plasma to tune the wettability or to improve the microsupercapacitor device performance. The outstanding electrical characteristics of graphene, exceptional electrochemical stability of diamond, and essential contributions of oxygen‐containing groups result in a remarkable charge storage capacity (18 mF cm−2 @ 10 mV s−1) and cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles) outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art LIG‐based supercapacitors. Furthermore, despite extreme mechanical stress, these microsupercapacitors maintain their outstanding electrochemical properties, thus holding promise for high‐power, flexible/wearable electronics.
Electrical Sensing of the Thermal and Light‐Induced Spin Transition in Robust Contactless Spin‐Crossover/Graphene Hybrid Devices
Authors: Gavara‐Edo Miguel , Córdoba Rosa , Valverde‐Muñoz Francisco Javier , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Real José Antonio , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHybrid devices based on spin‐crossover (SCO)/2D heterostructures grant a highly sensitive platform to detect the spin transition in the molecular SCO component and tune the properties of the 2D material. However, the fragility of the SCO materials upon thermal treatment, light irradiation, or contact with surfaces and the methodologies used for their processing have limited their applicability. Here, an easily processable and robust SCO/2D hybrid device with outstanding performance based on the sublimable SCO [Fe(Pyrz)2] molecule deposited over chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene is reported, which is fully compatible with electronics industry protocols. Thus, a novel methodology based on growing an elusive polymorph of [Fe(Pyrz)2] (tetragonal phase) over graphene is developed that allows a fast and effective light‐induced spin transition in the devices (≈50% yield in 5 min) to be detected electrically. Such performance can be enhanced even more when a flexible polymeric layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) is inserted in between the two active components in a contactless configuration, reaching a ≈100% yield in 5 min.
Superior Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by the High‐Speed Solid‐State Lithium Transport of an Intermetallic Cu6Sn5 Network
Authors: Lu Lei‐Lei , Zhu Zheng‐Xin , Ma Tao , Tian Te , Ju Huan‐Xin , Wang Xiu‐Xia , Peng Jin‐Lan , Yao Hong‐Bin , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuperior fast charging is a desirable capability of lithium‐ion batteries, which can make electric vehicles a strong competition to traditional fuel vehicles. However, the slow transport of solvated lithium ions in liquid electrolytes is a limiting factor. Here, a LixCu6Sn5 intermetallic network is reported to address this issue. Based on electrochemical analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy mapping, it is demonstrated that the reported intermetallic network can form a high‐speed solid‐state lithium transport matrix throughout the electrode, which largely reduces the lithium‐ion‐concentration polarization effect in the graphite anode. Employing this design, superior fast‐charging graphite/lithium cobalt oxide full cells are fabricated and tested under strict electrode conditions. At the charging rate of 6 C, the fabricated full cells show a capacity of 145 mAh g−1 with an extraordinary capacity retention of 96.6%. In addition, the full cell also exhibits good electrochemical stability at a high charging rate of 2 C over 100 cycles (96.0% of capacity retention) in comparison to traditional graphite‐anode‐based cells (86.1% of capacity retention). This work presents a new strategy for fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries on the basis of high‐speed solid‐state lithium transport in intermetallic alloy hosts.
Supercritical Relaxor Nanograined Ferroelectrics for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Storage Capacitors
Authors: Xie Aiwen , Fu Jian , Zuo Ruzhong , Jiang Xuewen , Li Tianyu , Fu Zhengqian , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Shujun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupercritical relaxor nanograined ferroelectrics are demonstrated for high‐performance dielectric capacitors, showing record‐high overall properties of energy density ≈13.1 J cm−3 and field‐insensitive efficiency ≈90% at ≈74 kV mm−1 and superior charge–discharge performances of high power density ≈700 MW cm−3, high discharge energy density ≈6.67 J cm−3, and ultrashort discharge time <40 ns at 55 kV mm−1. Ex/in situ transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction provide clear evidence of the supercritical behavior in (Na,K)(Sb,Nb)O3–SrZrO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 ceramics, being achieved by engineering the coexistence of multiple local symmetries within the ergodic relaxor zone. The vanished difference between the ground relaxor state and the high‐field supercritical state eliminates polarization hysteresis. The supercritical evolution with electric field enables a highly delayed polarization saturation with continuously increased polarization magnitudes. The results demonstrate that such a design strategy of compositionally induced and field‐manipulated supercritical behavior can be generalizable for developing desirable energy‐storage dielectrics for applications in ceramic/film capacitors.
New Insight into the Mechanism of Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid with Graphene Encapsulated CoFe Alloys Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Hang Chen , Qin Yuxuan , Tian Gaoqi , Hu Junqing , Li Wenyao , Wu Jianghong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel electrochemical biosensor is simply constructed by using graphene encapsulated CoFe alloy nanocomposite (CoFe@G) as the electrode modifier for highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Cyclic voltammetry tests show well‐separated peaks for AA at −7 mV, DA at 186 mV, and UA at 325 mV. CoFe@G modifier improves the differentiation of oxidative potential gap between AA and DA, realizing selective detection of these biomolecules. The mechanism of selective detection ability is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and in situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) analysis. It is demonstrated that modifying CoFe@G on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can effectively lower the oxidation potential of AA other modifiers such as GCE and Au, avoiding potential overlapping with DA and UA and realizing well‐resolved signals. QCM reveals that CoFe@G shows great improvement in adsorption of AA, which adsorbs on the graphene out layer in CoFe@G through CH and CO chemical bonding indicated by in situ ATR‐SEIRAS analysis. It is experimentally demonstrated that both electron transfer and adsorption ability determine the external applied potential to trigger oxidation reaction, but adsorption ability is dominative.
A Flexible, Redox‐Active, Aqueous Electrolyte‐Based Asymmetric Supercapacitor with High Energy Density Based on Keratin‐Derived Renewable Carbon
Authors: Sinha Prerna , Kar Kamal K. , Naskar Amit K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work exploits the advantage of asymmetric configuration over symmetric supercapacitor in designing high energy density flexible devices from two active electrode materials–keratin‐based renewable‐resource hierarchically porous carbon and hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2). The asymmetric device exhibits significantly high capacitance. Conventional estimation of energy storage parameters, however, cannot be applied for devices with a Faradaic energy storage contribution via redox charge transfer mechanism. Therefore, this work applies a precise measurement of pseudocapacitance contribution at various scan rates to correct the device data that reveals effective capacitance of 120 F g−1 with the energy density of 37 W h kg−1 at 776 W kg−1. It also retains excellent rate capability, >74% at high current density 25 A g−1. The charge storage activity and device stability can be further enhanced by introducing redox‐active electrolytes that improve specific capacitance, but the rate capabilities deteriorate at high current densities. Further, the principle of asymmetric electrode design is applied to fabricate a bending‐tolerant, flexible device by depositing active electrode material on wire‐shaped current collector followed by coupling those separated with polyvinyl alcohol gel containing redox electrolyte; it yields 36.8 mF cm−1 specific capacitance at a 0.2 mA cm−1 current density.
Femtosecond Laser One‐Step Direct Writing Electrodes with Ag NPs‐Graphite Carbon Composites for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: He Jiahua , Wang Sumei , Jiang Lan , Li Xin , Hong Quan , Zhu Weihua , Sun Jiaxin , Zhang Xueqiang , Xu Zhao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe next generation of green electronic products will be flexible, eco‐friendly, have arbitrary patterning, and be produced using simple methods. Here, a silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)–graphite carbon composite‐based electrochemical sensor is patterned on a flexible substrate by one‐step in situ femtosecond (fs) laser fabrication. Alkali lignin is used as a precursor and nontoxic natural reducing agent to reduce aqueous silver nitrate to produce Ag NPs. The fs laser carbonization process converts lignin into graphite carbon electrodes with diverse three‐dimensional (3D) micro/nano morphologies, causing less thermal damage to the Ag NPs and thin substrate. The 3D micro/nano morphologies combined with Ag NPs effectively increase the active surface area, conductivity, and catalytic activity of the electrode, which is further applied as an electrochemical sensor. This sensor has a wide linear detection range of nitrite from 1–4000 × 10−6 m, a detection limit of 0.117 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3), and long lifetime of 30 days. The sensor also has the potential to detect dopamine (DA). A detection limit of 0.098 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3) is obtained, with a linear detection range of 1–45 × 10−6 m. The sensor demonstrates a wide range of applications in food safety and human health‐related detection.
High Strength and High Wear‐Resistant Ti Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Pressureless Sintering
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Pan Yu , Sun Jianzhuo , Kuang Fan , Yu Aihua , Yang Shaofeng , Zhang Jiazhen , Lu Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, high strength and high wear‐resistant titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with in situ TiC derived from pyrolysis of polysilazane (PSZ) are fabricated successfully. The processing technology is developed with a novel powder metallurgy method combining solution‐assisted wet mixing and pressureless sintering. The effects of PSZ addition on the microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties, and tribological properties are systematically studied. The TMCs possess better comprehensive properties compared to conventional ex situ methods. The pyrolysis of PSZ leads to the formation of TiC particles and N, Si atoms solid‐solution in the Ti matrix. The microstructure of the composites is homogenous and fine‐grained. The average grain size of α‐Ti decreases significantly from 106.1 µm of pure Ti to 37.2 µm of the 1.5 wt% PSZ/Ti composite. Among these TMCs, the 1.5 wt% PSZ/Ti composite displays comprehensively excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 711 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 568 MPa, and elongation (EL) of 8.0%. In addition, the composite possesses a high wear resistance with a low specific wear rate of 0.355 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1 under constant condition (0.03 m s−1, 2N).
Fabrication of Hyperuniform Dielectric Networks via Heat‐Induced Shrinkage Reveals a Bandgap at Telecom Wavelengths
Authors: Aeby Stefan , Aubry Geoffroy J. , Froufe‐Pérez Luis S. , Scheffold Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies report photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in disordered hyperuniform network structures numerically and experimentally for high enough refractive index contrast. However, the smallest experimental central gap wavelength that one can realize experimentally is not close to the essential near‐infrared light spectrum with adverse consequences for specific applications and more advanced experimental studies. Indeed, standard direct laser writing (DLW) lithography does not allow fabrication at a much higher resolution. Here, the authors demonstrate heat‐treatment induced uniform shrinkage of the network's polymer template obtained by DLW to reach smaller feature sizes and subsequent silicon coating, resulting in a pronounced gap near telecom wavelengths.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective C‐F Bond Cleavage of Trifluoropropanamides Leading to (Z)‐N‐α‐Fluorovinylindoles
Authors: Du Xin , Zhang Wei‐Ming , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Tu Hai‐Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA defluorinative heteroarylation of trifluoropropanamides through N‐chelation‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed selective C−F activation has been developed. This reaction is compatible with a variety of trifluoropropanamides and indoles under mild reaction conditions to provide the stereospecific (Z)‐N‐α‐fluorovinylindoles in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Placenta‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Diseases: A Clinically Relevant Source
Authors: Moonshi Shehzahdi S. , Adelnia Hossein , Wu Yuao , Ta Hang Thu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe placenta is an organ that is discarded after childbirth. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various parts of the placenta (PMSCs) are established as a rich, allogeneic, and sustainable source of MSCs in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BM‐MSCs). PMSCs can be banked postnatally for future autologous and allogeneic applications in the treatment of diseases. PMSCs can be categorized as an intermediary between BM‐MSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as it is devoid of adverse aspects associated with the employment of ESCs accompanied with primitive and enhanced properties in comparison to BM‐MSCs. PMSCs are employed in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, neurological, bone, and cardiovascular disorders. This utility of PMSCs is due to its superior inherent characteristics in comparison to BM‐MSCs, which renders PMSCs more attractive for clinical translation. Herein, this review describes the superior inherent characteristics of PMSCS in contrast to BM‐MSCs including accessibility, higher expansion abilities, enhanced immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, ability to differentiate beyond mesodermal lineages, pathotropic and regenerative abilities, lower immunogenicity, and anti‐cancer strategy that are correlated to its therapeutic application in the treatment of various diseases including corona virus infection started in 2019 in recent preclinical and preclinical studies.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Dually Substituted Cu12Sb4S13 Tetrahedrites
Authors: Zhu Chen , Ming Hongwei , Zhang Jian , Li Di , Chen Tao , Qin Xiaoying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of dually substituted Cu12−xInxSb4S12.8Se0.2 tetrahedrites are studied in temperature range from 300 to 723 K. The results indicate that dual substitution of In for Cu and Se for S not only causes the enhancement of thermopower S but also gives rise to a significant decrease in lattice thermal conductivity κL. An ultralow κL ≈0.2 W m−1 K−1 is obtained at 723 K in Cu11.95In0.05Sb4S12.8Se0.2 sample due to the enhanced phonon scattering mainly by point defects. Consequently, a high figure of merit ZTmax ≈1.0 is achieved in Cu11.95In0.05Sb4S12.8Se0.2 sample, which is ≈56% larger than that of pristine Cu12Sb4S13, indicating that dual substitution is effective in boosting the thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrites.
Low‐Tortuous MXene (TiNbC) Accordion Arrays Enabled Fast Ion Diffusion and Charge Transfer in Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Cao Zhenjiang , Chen Hao , Du Zhiguo , Gu Jianan , Zhu Qi , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe widespread implementation of lithium metal anodes is indispensable for reviving high energy density lithium metal batteries. However, the sluggish ion diffusion and high charge‐transfer resistance in metallic lithium anodes hamper their rate capability and practical applications. Here, low tortuous MXene arrays are developed through the ultrafast spreading of an aqueous accordion‐like TiNbC‐MXene dispersion onto a hydrophobic surface. The low tortuous MXene arrays facilitate the fast infiltration of electrolytes, enabling the rapid diffusion of lithium ions. The MXene arrays with Nb species significantly improve the charge transfer in the electrode, homogenizing the electric field. Thus, the low tortuous MXene arrays constructed electrode without lithium dendrites delivers a high‐rate capability (20 mA cm−2) with a long cycle life (2500 cycles). Full cells with the dendrite, low tortuosity MXene arrays as anode show a high rate cycle stability up to 1000 cycles (4 C) under conditions of low negative/positive capacity ratio (2.0).
Stabilizing European Union farm incomes in the era of climate change
Authors: Boysen Ole , Boysen‐Urban Kirsten , Matthews Alan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNo reliable supports protect European Union (EU) farmers from the catastrophic risks arising from extreme weather events, which are expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. We compare alternative EU safety net policies to reduce farm income downside risks, which are transparent, predictable, and fair and operate with indices on an EU Member State (MS) level. Simulations with a tailored global model of a series of historic yield shocks as observed over past decades serve as a test bed to quantify the costs and benefits of these policies across EU MS using various risk metrics. The results highlight properties of and rankings among these polices useful for guiding future policy design and assessment.
Advances in Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Importance of Benzofurans: A Review
Authors: Dwarakanath Deepika , Gaonkar Santosh L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOut of the many heterocycles that exhibit pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties, benzofurans remain the most eye‐catching to scientists ever since their discovery. From being present in natural products to synthetic analogs they show diverse biological properties which are used to treat various diseases. Interestingly, some of the benzofuran hybrids were docked against COVID‐19 Main Protease and it showed appealing results. Apart from medicinal properties it also exhibits some non‐drug applications. The structure activity relationship of benzofuran derivatives in many infections draws attention to the extent where drugs can be produced in a short time span which highlights their significance in medicinal chemistry. There are considerable reaction schemes to synthesize this moiety either simple one pot reactions or multistep. Here, we emphasize on the chemistry of benzofurans, synthesis and its derivatives in the recent years, some of which show notable anti‐tumor, anti‐fungal, anti‐mycobacterial and anti‐oxidant activities.