bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intima Media Thickness and Cognitive Function Among Adults: Meta‐Analysis of Observational and Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Bruno Rosa Maria , Saz‐Lara Alicia , Sequí‐Dominguez Irene , Notario‐Pacheco Blanca , Martinez‐Vizcaino Vicente 
Published: February 2022

Background
Carotid structural changes measured by intima media thickness (IMT) have been related to cognitive complaints during aging. Therefore, the aims of this meta‐analysis were (1) to elucidate the relationship between vascular status, measured as IMT, and cognitive domains distinguishing between global cognition, executive functions, memory and attention; and (2) to explore whether demographic (ie, age and sex), clinical (ie, body mass index and IMT baseline values), and procedure characteristics influence this association.

Methods and Results
We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 2021. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: (1) the participants were adults; (2) the exposure was carotid IMT; (3) the outcome was cognitive function, including global cognition, executive function, memory, and attention measured using standardized tests; and (4) the study design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal including unadjusted and adjusted analyses. A total of 19 cross‐sectional and 15 longitudinal studies were included and demographic (age and sex), clinical (body mass index and baseline IMT values), and procedure characteristics were analyzed as potential mediator or moderators of the association.

Conclusions
Our data support negative associations between IMT and cognitive function in cross‐sectional studies. The association between IMT and cognition lost significance in longitudinal studies and when controlling for covariates in cross‐sectional studies. Finally, the strength of these associations seems not to be modified by age, sex, body mass index, and baseline IMT values. This systematic review and meta‐analysis adds to the evidence supporting the use of IMT as a measure for identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.
Myocardial Cytoskeletal Adaptations in Advanced Kidney Disease
Authors: Halim Arvin , Narayanan Gayatri , Hato Takashi , Ho Lilun , Wan Douglas , Siedlecki Andrew M. , Rhee Eugene P. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Nigwekar Sagar U. , Zehnder Daniel , Hiemstra Thomas F. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Charytan David M. , Kalim Sahir , Thadhani Ravi , Lu Tzongshi , Lim Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

Background
The myocardial cytoskeleton functions as the fundamental framework critical for organelle function, bioenergetics and myocardial remodeling. To date, impairment of the myocardial cytoskeleton occurring in the failing heart in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease has been largely undescribed.

Methods and Results

We conducted a 3‐arm cross‐sectional cohort study of explanted human heart tissues from patients who are dependent on hemodialysis (n=19), hypertension (n=10) with preserved renal function, and healthy controls (n=21). Left ventricular tissues were subjected to pathologic examination and next‐generation RNA sequencing. Mechanistic and interference RNA studies utilizing in vitro human cardiac fibroblast models were performed. Left ventricular tissues from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited increased myocardial wall thickness and significantly greater fibrosis compared with hypertension patients (
P
<0.05) and control (
P
<0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the focal adhesion pathway was significantly enriched in hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited dysregulated components of the focal adhesion pathway including reduced β‐actin (
P
<0.01), β‐tubulin (
P
<0.01), vimentin (
P
<0.05), and increased expression of vinculin (
P
<0.05) compared with controls. Cytoskeletal adaptations in hearts from the hemodialysis group were associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, including dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and fusion, and loss of cell survival pathways. Mechanistic studies revealed that cytoskeletal changes can be driven by uremic and metabolic abnormalities of chronic kidney disease, in vitro. Furthermore, focal adhesion kinase silencing via interference RNA suppressed major cytoskeletal proteins synergistically with mineral stressors found in chronic kidney disease in vitro.

Conclusions
Myocardial failure in advanced chronic kidney disease is characterized by impairment of the cytoskeleton involving disruption of the focal adhesion pathway, mitochondrial failure, and loss of cell survival pathways.
Role of Intravascular Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Optimizing Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Yongcheol , Bae SungA , Johnson Thomas W. , Son Nak‐Hoon , Sim Doo Sun , Hong Young Joon , Kim Sang Wook , Cho Deok‐Kyu , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo , Jeong Myung Ho , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Young Jo , Kim Chong Jin , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Seung Ki Bae , Oh Dong Joo , Chae Shung Chull , Cha Kwang Soo , Yoon Junghan , Chae Jei‐Keon , Joo Seung Jae , Choi Dong‐Ju , Hur Seung‐Ho , Seong Whan , Kim Doo II , Oh Seok Kyu , Ahn Tae Hoon , Hwang Jin‐Yong 
Published: February 2022

Background
The role of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still unclear in patients with acute myocardial infarction acute myocardial infarction. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term impact of IVUS‐guided PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Among a total of 13 104 patients with acute myocardial infarction, enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry‐National Institutes of Health, we selected patients who underwent PCI with second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation. The primary outcome was the risk of target lesion failure at 3 years. Among the study population, 1887 patients (21.0%) underwent IVUS‐guidance, and 7120 patients (79.0%) underwent angiography‐guidance for second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation. IVUS‐guided PCI was associated with a significantly lower risk of target lesion failure at 3 years (4.8% versus 8.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.73;
P
<0.001) compared with angiography‐guided PCI. The difference was driven mainly by a lower risk of cardiac death and target vessel myocardial infarction. The results were consistent after confounder adjustment by multiple sensitivity analyses. Moreover, quartile analysis of volume of IVUS use showed that higher IVUS use was associated with a decreased risk of 3‐year target lesion failure (adjusted HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.75;
P
<0.001 for quartile 1 versus 4;
P
<0.001 for trend comparison across all quartiles).

Conclusions
In patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent PCI with second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation, the use of IVUS guidance was associated with a significant reduction in 3‐year target lesion failure, mainly driven by hard end points, such as cardiac death and target vessel myocardial infarction.
On the Construction of Pareto-Compliant Combined Indicators
Authors: Falcón-Cardona J. G. , Emmerich M. T. M. , Coello C. A. Coello 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The most relevant property that a quality indicator (QI) is expected to have is Pareto compliance, which means that every time an approximation set strictly dominates another in a Pareto sense, the indicator must reflect this. The hypervolume indicator and its variants are the only unary QIs known to be Pareto-compliant but there are many commonly used weakly Pareto-compliant indicators such as R2, IGD+, and ε+. Currently, an open research area is related to finding new Pareto-compliant indicators whose preferences are different from those of the hypervolume indicator. In this article, we propose a theoretical basis to combine existing weakly Pareto-compliant indicators with at least one being Pareto-compliant, such that the resulting combined indicator is Pareto-compliant as well. Most importantly, we show that the combination of Pareto-compliant QIs with weakly Pareto-compliant indicators leads to indicators that inherit properties of the weakly compliant indicators in terms of optimal point distributions. The consequences of these new combined indicators are threefold: (1) to increase the variety of available Pareto-compliant QIs by correcting weakly Pareto-compliant indicators, (2) to introduce a general framework for the combination of QIs, and (3) to generate new selection mechanisms for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms where it is possible to achieve/adjust desired distributions on the Pareto front.
The Extreme Wish in Greek Literature
Authors: Gregory Justina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In a topos found in a range of Greek texts spanning the archaic period to the sixth century AD, a speaker links the attainment of a cherished goal to a declared desire for death. This sequence of ideas is often dismissed as formulaic or rhetorical; I argue that the topos is more varied and meaningful than such characterizations suggest. Its rationale, grounded in the archaic concept of alternation of fortune, is spelled out for a modern audience in Solon’s speech to Croesus at the opening of Herodotus’ Histories.
Equality as a Theological Principle within Roman Catholic Ecclesiology
Authors: O’Loughlin Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As the Roman Catholic Church aspires ‘to embrace a synodal way’, some old questions about its ecclesial vision return. One such question is the equality of all the baptised within the church. This question is particularly fraught because of the church’s long history of viewing the itself as a society of unequals, its hierarchical structures, and its culture of top-down authority modelled on pre-modern monarchical conceptions of society. This paper argues that not only must the church face the implications of accepting the equality of the baptised as a basis of its praxis, but also that it should embrace that equality as part of its witness and service to the world. Thus, it must not simply take equality to heart and express it in its rituals, but must create a ‘theology of human equality’ which then becomes part of its preaching.
The Blue Economy in Small-Scale Fisheries – An Ocean-Land Interface Perspective: The Case of Chile as Support for a Generalizable Analysis for Latin America
Authors: Carvajal-Arenas Lorena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With regard to the blue economy, there is a scarcity of discussion on the land-ocean interface. The article’s aim is to fill that gap, focusing on land tenure rights of coastal territory and its governance. For that purpose, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries is key to bringing the concept of the blue economy into the lives of small-scale fisheries stakeholders. The article attempts to analyse whether Chilean legislation complies with the FAO framework, particularly in the area of tenure rights over fishing inlets as well as whether this framework is accepted by those engaged in small-scale fishing. The hypothesis is that, in areas not covered by statutory law, which is mandatory, fishermen have already been intrinsically applying the FAO framework, which is voluntary. Thus, it is important to acknowledge their practices when developing legislation and legal reforms that attempt to introduce such a framework.
Towards a Blue Revolution in the Bay of Bengal: Tackling Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Through Effective Regional Cooperation
Authors: Faiyaz Tarique , Al Arif Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article argues that the Bay of Bengal coastal States have largely failed to comply with their ‘duty to cooperate’ with other States in managing and conserving fisheries resources in the Bay. The obligation to cooperate is found in applicable international and national instruments and is also regarded as a rule of customary international law. This failure of rim States to effectively engage with other States within the region in regulating marine fisheries has exacerbated the problem of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Bay. This article recommends a major overhaul of the regional ocean governance arrangement in the region, which would help tackle IUU fishing and, in turn, facilitate the achievement of blue growth through ensuring sustainable exploitation and conservation of marine living resources in the Bay. The article finally moots for developing a regional agenda towards forming a dedicated scheme to deal with IUU fishing.
Temporal Trends in Agriculturally Relevant Climate Indicators across Nine Agroecosystems of Turkey
Authors: Irmak S. , Kukal M.S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An interaction of trends in a multitude of climate indicators dictate how agricultural production and resource use will be affected. Turkish agroecosystems have not been evaluated for climate trends, especially focusing on spatial and temporal domains relevant for agricultural production. Long-term (1981–2017) temporal trends in agriculturally relevant climate indicators [maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), and mean (Tavg) air temperatures, diurnal temperature range (DTR), growing degree-days (GDD), precipitation, incoming shortwave radiation (Rs), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), saturated and actual vapor pressure (es and ea), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETo and ETr), and aridity index (AI)] across Turkey (Turkiye) were quantified and analyzed using the NASA-POWER dataset at 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells (n = 323) for nine agricultural zones (AZs) in Turkey. At the growing-season scale, Tmin, Tmax, Tavg, GDD, es, ea, VPD, Rs, precipitation, RH, and AI showed statistically significant positive trends at 100%, 76%, 100%, 100%, 94%, 98%, 22%, 83%, 33%, 10%, and 13% of Turkey’s terrestrial area, respectively. Negative trends were observed in growing-season-scale DTR, u2, ETo, and ETr at 38%, 38%, 10%, and 18% of the total terrestrial area, respectively. At the annual scale, ETo and ETr showed increasing trends over 37% and 19% of the area, respectively. Evaporative demand showed national mean trends of −2.6 and −4.1 mm yr−1 during the growing season, respectively. Aegean AZ showed the most negative trends in growing-season ETo and ETr. The national mean magnitude in annual total precipitation (4.7 mm yr−1) was 39% greater than that in growing-season total precipitation (3.4 mm yr−1).
Evolving Sahel Rainfall Response to Anthropogenic Aerosols Driven by Shifting Regional Oceanic and Emission Influences
Authors: Hirasawa Haruki , Kushner Paul J. , Sigmond Michael , Fyfe John , Deser Clara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sahel summertime precipitation declined from the 1950s to 1970s and recovered from the 1970s to 2000s. Anthropogenic aerosol contributions to this evolution are typically attributed to interhemispheric gradient changes of Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). However recent work by Hirasawa et al. indicates a more complex picture, with the response being a combination of “fast” direct atmospheric (DA) processes and “slow” ocean-mediated (OM) processes. Here, we extend this understanding using the Community Atmosphere Model 5 to determine the role of regional ocean-basin perturbations and regional aerosol emission changes in the overall aerosol-driven OM and DA responses, respectively. From the 1950s to 1970s, there was an OM Sahel wetting response due to Pacific Ocean cooling that was offset by drying due to Atlantic cooling. By contrast, from the 1970s to 2000s, Atlantic trends reversed and amplified the Pacific cooling-induced wetting. This wetting was partially offset by drying driven by Indian Ocean cooling. Thus, the OM Sahel precipitation response to aerosol crucially depends on the balance of responses to Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean SST anomalies. From the 1950s to 1970s, there is DA Sahel drying that was principally due to North American aerosol emissions, with negligible effect from European emissions. DA drying from the 1970s to 2000s was mainly due to African aerosol emissions. Thus, the shifting roles of regional OM and DA effects reveal a complex interplay of direct driving and remote teleconnections in determining the time evolution of Sahel precipitation due to aerosol forcing in the late twentieth century.

Significance Statement
Studies of global climate models consistently indicate that anthropogenic aerosol emissions were a significant contributor to a severe drought that occurred in the Sahel region of Africa in the late twentieth century. The drying influence of aerosol forcing is the combined result of rapid atmospheric responses directly due to the forcing and slower responses due to forced ocean temperature changes. Using a set of simulations targeted at determining the influences from different ocean basins and different emission regions for two periods in the late twentieth century, we find there is a surprising range of mechanisms through which aerosol emissions affect the Sahel. This results in a complex interplay of at times competing and at times complementary regional influences.
Lagrangian Study of Several Long-Lived Agulhas Rings
Authors: Xia Qiong , Dong Changming , He Yijun , Li Gaocong , Dong Jihai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy using a Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD)-based vortex detection scheme, rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean are detected. These vortices act as agents for water transport and can stay coherent in a limited time scale. Our study starts from the life cycle of several long-lived Agulhas rings detected with the LAVD-based vortex detection method. The life cycle of those long-lived Agulhas rings can be separated into two distinct stages: the growing stage and the decaying stage. It is found that at the growing stage, the ambient water spins in and provides effective shielding for the coherent core. The rate of change of material belt width with respect to the detection time scale at the end of the growing stage can represent the decay rate of coherence. We further find a linear relationship between the mean strain rate and the mean square root of kinetic energy (KE1/2). Mean finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) increase monotonically with the mean strain rate or mean KE1/2. The long existence of the Agulhas rings can be partly attributed to the energetic boundaries around the rings. The ratio of the boundary kinetic energy to the spatial mean kinetic energy (KE/MKE) is also found to be a contributing factor that can influence the lifetime of Agulhas rings. In the retroflection area, the short-lived Agulhas rings might be attributed to the low KE/MKE in this area.
New Insights into the South American Low-Level Jet from RELAMPAGO Observations
Authors: Sasaki Clayton R. S. , Rowe Angela K. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Rasmussen Kristen L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) campaign produced unparalleled observations of the South American low-level jet (SALLJ) in central Argentina with high temporal observations located in the path of the jet and upstream of rapidly growing convection. The vertical and temporal structure of the jet is characterized using 3-hourly soundings launched at two fixed sites near the Sierras de Córdoba (SDC), along with high-resolution reanalysis data. Objective SALLJ identification criteria are applied to each sounding to determine the presence, timing, and vertical characteristics of the jet. The observations largely confirm prior results showing that SALLJs most frequently come from the north, occur overnight, and peak in the low levels, though SALLJs notably peaked higher near the end of longer-duration events during RELAMPAGO. This study categorizes SALLJs into shorter-duration events with jet cores peaking overnight in the low levels and longer 5–6-day events with elevated jets near the end of the period that lack a clear diurnal cycle. Evidence of both boundary layer processes and large-scale forcing were observed during shorter-duration events, whereas synoptic forcing dominated the longer 5–6-day events. The highest amounts of moisture and larger convective coverage east of the SDC occurred near the end of the 5–6-day SALLJ events.Significance StatementThe South American low-level jet (SALLJ) is an area of enhanced northerly winds that likely contributes to long-lived, widespread thunderstorms in Southeastern South America (SESA). This study uses observations from a recent SESA field project to improve understanding of the variability of the SALLJ and the underlying processes. We related jet occurrence to upper-level environmental patterns and differences in the progression speed of those patterns to varying durations of the jet. Longer-duration jets were more elevated, transported moisture southward from the Amazon, and coincided with the most widespread storms. These findings enable future research to study the role of the SALLJ in the life cycle of storms in detail, leading to improved storm prediction in SESA.
Botulinum Toxin A in the Management of Pediatric Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heikel Tiffany , Patel Shivam , Ziai Kasra , Shah Sejal J. , Lighthall Jessyka G. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Botulinum toxin A is known to be effective and safe in managing sialorrhea in pediatric patients; however, there is no consensus on a protocol for optimal injection sites and appropriate dosing for injection. Methods: This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases were queried to identify articles that evaluated botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of sialorrhea in the pediatric population. A total of 405 studies were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles were included for review. Results: A total of 14 studies evaluated 2-gland injections, and 17 studies evaluated 4-gland injections. Of the 31 studies included, one study assessed incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) the remaining all used onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®). For 2-gland injection studies, a combined total of 899 participants were reviewed, where 602 participants received 50 units into their submandibular glands, while 262 participants received 30 to 50 units. Among 4-gland injection studies, there was a combined total of 388 participants, with the most prevalent dosage utilized being 60 to 100 units in 230 participants, followed by 100 units total in 77 participants. The most common adverse event was dysphagia which resolved in nearly all cases. Three studies aimed to examine 2-gland versus 4-gland injections, with 2 of the studies concluding 4-gland injection was superior. Conclusions: The strength of evidence suggests that the dosing of 50 units total of onabotulinumtoxinA to the submandibular glands is safe and effective in the pediatric population. For 4-gland injections, bilateral submandibular and parotid gland injections of 60 to 100 units total is the safe and effective dosage. There is no substantial evidence comparing 4-gland injections to 2-gland injections, but research thus far suggests 4-gland injections to be superior. Future study is needed to evaluate incobotulinumtoxinA and abobotulinumtoxinA dosages in the pediatric population.