bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of the CotY and ExsY proteins to the exosporium basal layer of Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Durand‐Heredia Jorge , Stewart George C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpores are an infectious form of the zoonotic bacterial pathogen, Bacillus anthracis. The outermost spore layer is the exosporium, comprised of a basal layer and an external glycoprotein nap layer. The major structural proteins of the inner basal layer are CotY (at the mother cell central pole or bottlecap) and ExsY around the rest of the spore. The basis for the cap or noncap specificity of the CotY and ExsY proteins is currently unknown. We investigated the role of sequence differences between these proteins in localization during exosporium assembly. We found that sequence differences were less important than the timing of expression of the respective genes in the positioning of these inner basal layer structural proteins. Fusion constructs with the fluorescent protein fused at the N‐terminus resulted in poor incorporation whereas fusions at the carboxy terminus of CotY or ExsY resulted in good incorporation. However, complementation studies revealed that fusion constructs, although accurate indicators of protein localization, were not fully functional. A model is presented that explains the localization patterns observed. Bacterial two‐hybrid studies in Escherichia coli hosts were used to examine protein–protein interactions with full‐length and truncated proteins. The N‐terminus amino acid sequences of ExsY and CotY appear to be recognized by spore proteins located in the spore interspace, consistent with interactions seen with ExsY and CotY with the interspace proteins CotE and CotO, known to be involved with exosporium attachment.
Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression by TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Pimentel Julio M. , Zhou Jun‐Ying , Wu Gen Sheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapies. Previous studies have shown that TNBC cells are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), making it a promising agent for treating TNBC. However, the development of TRAIL resistance limits its further clinical development, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we report the role of PD‐L1 in TRAIL resistance. Specifically, we found that TRAIL treatment increases PD‐L1 expression in TRAIL‐sensitive cells and that basal PD‐L1 expression is increased in acquired TRAIL‐resistant cells. Mechanistically, we found that increased PD‐L1 expression was accompanied by increased extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we showed that knockdown of ERK by siRNA or inhibition of ERK activation by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 decreased PD‐L1 expression and increased TRAIL‐induced cell death. Furthermore, we found that knockout or knockdown of PD‐L1 enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that PD‐L1‐mediated TRAIL resistance is independent of its ability to evade immune suppression. Therefore, this study identifies a noncanonical mechanism by which PD‐L1 promotes TRAIL resistance, which can be potentially exploited for immune checkpoint therapy.
Dietary d‐Lactate Intake Facilitates Inflammatory Resolution by Modulating M1 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Yan Yongheng , Li Xiu , Yang Qin , Zhang Hao , Hettinga Kasper , Li Haitao , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2022

ScopeGiven the d‐lactate dehydrogenase (D‐LDH) deficiency, L‐ but not d‐lactate is assumed to be the physiological isomer in mammals. Paradoxically, many fermented foods (e.g., yogurt, sauerkraut, cheeses) often contain substantial amounts of d‐lactate. In the present study, dietary d‐lactate may be a previously unrecognized nutrient aiding in inflammatory resolution is hypothesized.Methods and resultsThe anti‐inflammatory properties of d‐lactate are evaluated in experimental colitis and endotoxemia. Oral administration of d‐lactate favorably affects acute inflammation in two different mouse models. Analysis of lactate—the lactate receptor (the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 HCA1, formerly GPR81) signal axis in inflammation is performed in primary peritoneal macrophages and wild‐type (WT) or GPR81 knockout (KO) mice. GPR81 KO mice are susceptible to endotoxic shock than WT mice, while d‐lactate exerts its anti‐inflammatory activities in a GPR81‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, the activation of lactate‐GPR81 axis may suppress LPS‐TLR4 signaling to modulate M1 macrophage polarization. Although D‐LDH deficiency in mammals impairs d‐lactate clearance, it might prolong its plasma terminal half‐life, and thus provide a pharmacokinetic advantage of d‐lactate over l‐lactate.ConclusionThis study highlights housekeeping function of the lactate‐GPR81 axis in inflammation control, and suggests that dietary intake of d‐lactate may underlie Metchnikoff's probiotic yogurt theory of life prolongation.
Antiviral capacity of polypropylene/(1‐Hexadecyl) trimethyl‐ammonium bromide composites against COVID‐19
Authors: Guerrero‐Bermea Cynthia , Rodríguez Fuentes Nayeli , Cervantes‐Uc José Manuel , Alcántara Quintana Luz Eugenia , Díaz‐Barriga Fernando , Pérez‐Vázquez Francisco , González‐Palomo Karen , Uribe‐Calderon Jorge Alonso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, scientists from different areas are looking for alternatives to fight it. SARS‐CoV‐2, the cause of the infectious respiratory disease COVID‐19, is mainly transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected respiratory droplets. The integrity of the virus structure is crucial for its viability to attack human cells. Quaternary ammonium salts are characterized by having antiviral capabilities which alter or destroy the structure of the viral capsid. In this work, polypropylene (PP)/(1‐Hexadecyl) trimethyl‐ammonium bromide (CTAB) composites have been prepared in order to create an antiviral material. The composites were melt processed and blown to produce thin films. The CTAB content on the antiviral effect was evaluated using antibodies and serum from infected patients with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. In addition, the mechanical and thermal properties of blown films were investigated, and CTAB release kinetics from the films was followed by UV–Vis. The results indicate that the virus tends to remain less on the polymer surface by increasing the amount of CTAB in the PP matrix.
An emerging field: Post‐translational modification in microbiome
Authors: Duan Haonan , Zhang Xu , Figeys Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) play an essential role in most biological processes. PTMs on human proteins have been extensively studied. Studies on bacterial PTMs are emerging, which demonstrate that bacterial PTMs are different from human PTMs in their types, mechanisms and functions. Few PTM studies have been done on the microbiome. Here, we reviewed several studied PTMs in bacteria including phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation, glycosylation, and proteases. We discussed the enzymes responsible for each PTM and their functions. We also summarized the current methods used to study microbiome PTMs and the observations demonstrating the roles of PTM in the microbe‐microbe interactions within the microbiome and their interactions with the environment or host. Although new methods and tools for PTM studies are still needed, the existing technologies have made great progress enabling a deeper understanding of the functional regulation of the microbiome. Large‐scale application of these microbiome‐wide PTM studies will provide a better understanding of the microbiome and its roles in the development of human diseases.
Councils in Action: Automating the Curation of Municipal Governance Data for Research
Authors: Maxfield Brown Eva , Weber Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTLarge scale comparative research into municipal governance is often prohibitively difficult due to a lack of high‐quality data. Recent advances in speech‐to‐text algorithms and natural language processing techniques has made it possible to more easily collect and analyze this type of data. In this paper, we introduce an open‐source platform, the Council Data Project (CDP), to curate novel datasets for research into municipal governance. The contribution of this work is two‐fold: 1. We demonstrate that CDP, as an infrastructure, can be used to assemble reliable comparative data across municipalities; 2. We provide exploratory analysis to show how CDP data can be used to gain insight into how municipal governments perform over time. We conclude by describing future directions for research on and with CDP such as the development of machine learning models for speaker annotation, outline generation, and named entity recognition to the linking of data for large‐scale comparative research.
Disrupting Design: A Multi‐level Technological Transition Study of Dribbble.com
Authors: Duan Yiran , Hemsley Jeff , Kelly Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs social media continues to integrate into people’s everyday lives, it provides a space for people to present their work and connect with others. This study seeks to understand how Dribbble.com, a site created in 2009 for visual designers to showcase their work, plays a role in the transformation of the visual design industry and design education. We use sociotechnical transitions theory to interpret 30 semi‐structured interviews with active Dribbble users. We find that the niche site Dribbble, along with the constellation of sites around it, are changing design regimes (the ways work gets done). Our Dribbble users report that the site changes how they develop and maintain their skills, find inspiration to solve design problems, keep up with trends, network with peers, produce and promote their portfolios and find jobs. However, the site also presents some challenges. For example, our interviewees indicate that they no longer receive constructive feedback on the platform. These emerging regimes are competing with, and coexisting with, existing design regimes. Our work contributes to social media studies by looking at under‐studied niche sites, like Dribbble, and how sites in the design space may be impacting the wider society.
Collaboration Networks and Career Trajectories: What Do Metadata from Data Repositories Tell Us?
Authors: Hemsley Jeff , Qin Jian , Bratt Sarah , Smith Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScience is increasingly carried out through scientific collaborations, allowing researchers pool their experience, knowledge, and skills. In this work we identify factors related to a scientist’s collaboration capacity, their ability accumulate new collaborations over their career. To do this offer a new collaboration capacity framework and begin the work of validating it empirically by testing a number of hypotheses. We use data from GenBank, a cyberinfrastructure (CI)‐enabled data repository that stores and manages scientific data. The data allow us to construct longitudinal networks, thereby giving us yearly scientific collaboration maps. We find that a scientist’s network position at an early stage is related to their capacity to build new collaborations and that researchers who manage an upward trend in productivity tend to have higher collaboration capacity. Our work makes a contribution to science of science studies by offering a collaboration capacity framework and providing partial empirical support for it.
Entification of Metadata for Knowledge‐Graph‐Guided Discovery
Authors: Honick Brendan John , Polley Katherine Louise , Qin Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the application of entification to collections of archival metadata. Entification refers to the identification of the entities described in information objects and associated metadata records. The process presents issues about whether existing records‐style metadata records are suitable and how entification will affect user access and interaction with metadata and information objects. In this study, we developed an entification workflow that includes the following steps: data cleaning, entity reconciliation to create linked data through metadata enrichment, accuracy selection, and developing knowledge graphs to communicate the semantic relationships among entities. Additionally, we discuss the implications of entification for practitioners in the field of information science, especially current limitations in the process.
User Perception and Eye Movement on A Pandemic Data Visualization Dashboard
Authors: Huang Yu‐Wen , Yang Yu‐Ju , Jeng Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study utilized a two‐phase user experiment to explore people’s perceptual and cognitive states interacting with the COVID‐19 dashboard to obtain outbreak information. Specifically, 27 participants were assigned to interact with this dashboard with different color arrangements and performed image‐memory, search, and browse visualization tasks sequentially. We found that the participants expected to obtain both global pandemic trends and single region/date statuses from the dashboard to help them grasp important information in the shortest possible time. They also allocated their attention differently to the dashboard’s content areas to match their individual visual movement and reading logics. Our participants indicated that the pandemic data visualization dashboard should use a principal‐color selection that is alarming but without causing panic. In the study’s second phase, an eye‐tracking experiment, it was found that the participants’ actual eye paths deviated from our expectations: clustering around headings and text, rather than on visualized charts or graphs as anticipated. Based on these findings, we provide design implications for builders of future data‐visualization and disaster dashboards.
Innovative Privacy Practices
Authors: Sanfilippo Madelyn Rose , Choksi Madiha Z. , Hinchliffe Lisa Janicke , Mulligan Deirdre , Wood Stacy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe panel is premised by a recurring theme in empirical privacy research: as privacy localism drive regulation and policy change, we are left with a landscape that is fragmented, across states and sectors; confusing, between places and stakeholders; and often insufficient, as laws address narrow sets of privacy harms or specific actors. This raises the question: How can organizations and individuals innovate to address privacy policy gaps and fragmentation? This panel aims to describe and discuss creative and experimental approaches to institutionalize privacy practices in different contexts and organizations, moving beyond relying on policy alone to promote social good. We address this from a variety of perspectives including licensing, contracting, privacy by design including via architecture, records laws, AI ethics, human rights, obfuscation, and activism.
A Longitudinal Study to Understand University Students' Searching as a Learning Process
Authors: Bhattacharya Nilavra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLearning, or addressing a gap in one's knowledge, is an important motivator behind information‐seeking activities. The Search as Learning research community advocates that information search systems should be reconfigured to become educational platforms to foster learning and sensemaking. Modern search systems have yet to adapt to support this function. An important step to foster learning during search is to identify behavioral patterns that distinguish searchers gaining more vs. less knowledge during search. Previous efforts have primarily studied searchers in the short term, typically during a single lab session. Researchers are concerned over this ephemeral approach, as learning is not fleeting, and takes place over time. We propose an exploratory longitudinal study to analyze the long‐term searching behaviour of students enrolled in a university course, over the span of a semester. Our research aims are to identify if and how students’ searching behaviour changes over time, as they gain new knowledge on a subject; and how processes like motivation, metacognition, self‐regulation, and other individual differences moderate their “searching as learning” behaviour. Findings from this exploratory longitudinal study will help to build improved information search systems that foster human learning and sensemaking.
Building Your Data and People Manager Skills to Help Lead in MCBK
Authors: Swain Deborah , Cunningham Christopher , Colbert‐Lewis Danielle , Brown Nijee , Tanner William 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTMobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) means establishing repositories of data and publications from open‐access sources that will support early reviews and faster validation of programs or software to improve healthcare. Supporting Learning Health Systems (LHSs) in the US and worldwide, developers, researchers, and healthcare practitioners aim for a learning system where knowledge‐generated processes in medical and clinical practices support continued care improvements. Thus, data and information need to be shared, and where possible, openly accessed and tested. Librarians and knowledge managers are the professionals who can lead these LHS efforts.Applying situated learning theory (Lave, 1991) in Alternative Event (AE), participants will interact in various ways aimed to promote leadership in LHS and CBK by information professionals and librarians. Building on knowledge from Michigan University School of Medicine's LHS leaders Charles Friedman and Rachel Richesson, there will be quick presentations on important aspects of MCBK and open access journals with activities. Participants review open access guidelines and samples from Learning Health Systems Journal Wiley Publication, and debate research quality for the use of data, machine learning, and/or computer software. Through role playing, attendees will learn how to persuade researchers to contribute data and publish in a reputable, open‐access electronic journal.
Equipping Students and Beyond with Sound COVID‐19 Knowledge to Survive and Thrive Despite the Pandemic
Authors: Chan Helen , Chu Sam , Gala Bhakti , Islam Md. Anwarul , Batool Syeda Hina , Bhardwaj Raj Kumar , Lamba Manika , Jayasekara Prasadi Kanchana 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated the understanding of the infodemic for making informed decisions. Limiting the spread of health misinformation and disinformation was the primary goal of the health informatics project. The project became the recipient of the ASIS&T “Chapter Innovation of the Year Award 2021”. A repertoire of online and offline initiatives was carried out with 9 well‐researched videos for promoting health informatics. Since August 2021, thousands of academics, librarians, teachers, parents, and students from 16 countries and regions were invited to be science communicators to create and disseminate accurate health information in their areas through an international digital story writing competition. In this paper, we will discuss the strategies of responding to the information crisis, including employing interventions that protect against the infodemic and mitigate its harmful effects, to strengthen the resilience of individuals and communities in dealing with it in an information‐resilient society.
Census Racial Metadata: Categories Used for Different Racial Groups Across Countries and Time
Authors: Cheng Siyao , Twidale Michael 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTA national census enables a government to comprehend its population. Questions concerning race and ethnicity are often included in census forms. We examined the racial category options provided in 35 countries' historical census forms over multiple decadal censuses. Analysis of these metadata options can help in understanding the way that official measures of race are socially constructed and reconstructed over place and time according to changing circumstances.
A Plug and Play Approach to Vocabulary Mapping and Document Annotation
Authors: Clunis Julaine 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the utility of open‐source data analytics, reporting, and integration tools for mapping knowledge organization systems (KOS) dedicated to COVID‐19. Using various natural language processing and machine learning methods, a workflow was created with the KNIME Analytics Platform for term mapping and document annotation tasks using string‐based, sense‐based, and rule‐based algorithmic methods. Results suggest strong support for mapping vocabularies within similar domains and appropriate tagging of unstructured data with concepts from an integrated dictionary created from mapped terms. This study demonstrates the use of a shareable, easily adaptable workflow for KOS mapping and annotating documents focused on COVID‐19 research. These mapped terms were then used for annotation of clinical trials. The results suggest that researchers could select and align vocabularies of interest and then use the results to annotate documents of interest.
Towards Data‐driven GIM tools: Two Prototypes
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Donner Sascha , Bubinger Helen , Low Jwen Fai , Krtalić Maja 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHere we describe two approaches to improve group information management (GIM) and draw on the results of prior works to implement them in software prototypes. The first aids browsing and retrieving from large and unfamiliar collections like shared drives by dynamically reducing and re‐organising them. The second supports the transfer and re‐use of collections (e.g. to/by successors, descendants, or curators) by integrating novel sorting and annotation features. The prototypes' source code is shared online and screenshots are presented in the accompanying poster.
A Preliminary Analysis of Outreach Librarian's Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Du Yunfei , Byrne Sephra 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTLibrary services go beyond knowledge gatekeepers in the current information‐rich environment and provide outreach services to their communities. This paper analyzed 85 job postings from ALA Job lists that included the term “outreach” and analyzed job titles, duties, and qualifications in a 3‐dimensional plot. Implications for information science education are also discussed. Findings from this study may help library and information science programs strive to adapt their curriculum to meet market needs.
Implementing Virtual Reality Training for Librarians: Supporting Patrons in Crisis
Authors: Dumas Catherine , Williams Rachel D. , Flanagan Joanna , Porwol Lukasz 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis research proposes a study that is part of a larger, interdisciplinary, and multi‐institutional project that examines the usability of VR training for library and information science (LIS) graduate students and professionals in gaining skills for interacting effectively with patrons in crisis. This project is entirely novel and innovative in its approach. To date, no virtual reality training for crisis management in libraries exists. Additionally, we hypothesize that our project will ultimately enable us to: reach a wider audience with training; consider the usability of VR training in LIS education; introduce training in low‐stakes environments that does not pose harm to patrons in crisis; engage students in an immersive learning experience. This project can create possibilities for how we approach LIS education within our department and support training students in vital, but difficult to teach, soft skills such as empathy and communication (Saunders & Bajjaly, 2021).