bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non-linear approach to the establishment of local biological control agent production units: a case study of fall armyworm in Bangladesh
Authors: Kadzamira Mariam A. T. J. , Chaudhary Malvika , Williams Frances , Dutta Nirmal K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Strides have been made in Bangladesh to promote the utilisation of biological control agents (BCAs), however farmer utilisation remains sub-optimal. The establishment of local BCA production hubs, although touted as a panacea to this problem, has no proven business case. This study makes the case for a non-linear business model.

Methods
Qualitative and quantitative data from maize growing areas in Bangladesh was collected via telephone interviews from key informants representing four key stakeholders—national research institute, regional research stations, farmer producer organisations and agro-dealers.

Results
Farmer uptake of BCAs in Bangladesh for FAW management is hindered by several factors—lack of BCAs availability in local markets, negative farmer and agro-dealer perceptions, poor input industry linkages for the supply of BCAs products to agro-dealers and inadequate institutional finances for capacity building of and technical support by research scientists and extension agents. Given these challenges to BCAs uptake, an innovation systems-based business model that links researchers, extensionists, agro-dealers and farmer producer organizations in a non-linear pathway is proposed for Bangladesh. This translates into the establishment of local BCA production hubs owner-managed by farm entrepreneurs, with scientists providing them with nucleus culture, while extension services provide technical support for quality assurance. The interaction between all stakeholders is non-linear with all actors intellectually consulted and engaged, with technical capacity on BCAs available for any actor requiring it. Multi-disciplinary research, that takes into account feedback from stakeholders, complements the process thus generating robust and relevant knowledge for feedbacking to improve the business model, capacity building initiatives and farmer engagement.

Conclusions
Mentoring and capacity building leveraged via engagement of research institutions; and demonstration of technology use and guidance utilising extension services and agro-dealer networks, will promote the utilisation of BCAs for FAW management and enable local farm entrepreneurs to meet the increased demand via establishment of local BCA production hubs.
Optimization of photosynthesis for sustainable crop production
Authors: Muhie Seid Hussen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCrop production will need to increase by about 60% to satisfy the demand of food for the fast-growing population globally. A number of recent studies have provided strong support demonstrating that improving the photosynthetic efficiency via different systems can provide an avenue to improve yield potential of crops. Photosynthesis a regulated system that drives biological processes including crop yields. Hence, this review focuses on improvement of the efficiency of photosynthesis via different mechanisms; decreasing photorespiration, transforming C3 crops to C4 pathway, optimization of Calvin Benson cycle / Rubisco, and electron transport. Further work should be done on transgenic crops with modified photosynthesis. Optimization of the activity of Rubisco may not be successful in some moisture stress areas, and consideration of photoprotection could offer some advantages. Optimization of source-sink relationship would represent another promising way to improve crop yield. A strong sink can increase crop yield even under stress conditions.
Epidemiology of benign thyroid disorders in the adult population of the Republic of Belarus: analysis of nationwide statistics 2009 to 2019
Authors: Yakubouski S. U. , Kandratsenka H. H. , Salko O. B. , Kuz’menkova E. I. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND. Nowadays, the Republic of Belarus belongs to the countries with sufficient iodine supply, which made it possible to reduce the incidence of non-toxic goiter and congenital hypothyroidism. However, even a slight change in iodine consumption influences the pattern of thyroid diseases. In addition to iodine deficiency, other environmental conditions, as well as genetic factors, play a significant role in the etiology of thyroid diseases.AIM. To analyze the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of benign thyroid diseases from 2009 to 2019 in the adult population of the Republic of Belarus, using the data of official state statistics.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The indicators of the incidence and prevalence of benign thyroid diseases were studied on the basis of state statistics for 2009–2019. To analyze the dynamics of the studied indicators, regression analysis was used with the construction of linear and polynomial models.RESULTS. A decrease in the incidence and prevalence of diffuse euthyroid goiter and an increase in the incidence and prevalence of nodular euthyroid goiter, thyroiditis, acquired hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease, as well as the incidence of nodular toxic goiter were revealed.CONCLUSION. Obtained data indicate, that there is an increase in the prevalence of most of the studied thyroid diseases, despite the adequate iodine supply. The above justifies the need for further study of the causes of the identified trends, as well as the necessity of developing new methods of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Variation analyses of extractive contents by NIR-spectroscopy bring out the differences between agroforestry and forestry walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees
Authors: Heim Lucie , Brancheriau Loïc , Marchal Remy , Boutahar Nabila , Lotte Sylvain , Denaud Louis , Badel Eric , Meghar Karima , Candelier Kevin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wood characteristics of trees grown in agroforestry systems are little studied, even if growth conditions are different from conventional stands. This work aimed to determine the impact of the agroforestry system on the heartwood formation process of hybrid walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees, especially the resulting extractive contents. Ethanol and water extractions were successively performed on wood samples taken across the diameter of the trunk of agroforestry (AF) and forest (FC) walnut trees to get the radial distribution of the extractive contents. All the samples were analyzed by NIR-spectroscopy and NIR-hyperspectral imaging. Statistical discriminant models were developed to classify the samples from both different forestry systems, according to their chemical composition. The results indicated no significant differences between the values of extractive contents of AF and FC walnut woods, whatever the radial position. At the intra-tree scale, the quantity of extractives does not increase significantly with the radial position. However, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression models, developed with NIRS measurements, showed that significant chemical differences exist between AF and FC trees, especially for extractives composition and lignin content. This allowed to classify wood specimens from both forestry systems. These results were confirmed by hyperspectral camera analyses.
Identification of two novel ACAT1 variant associated with beta-ketothiolase deficiency in a 9-month-old boy
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Gao Qian , Wang Wei , Xin Xiaowei , Yin Yi , Zhao Chun , Jin Youpeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase, T2) is necessary for the catabolism of ketone bodies andisoleucine. T2 deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by variant in the ACAT1 gene. In this report, we describe two novel ACAT1 variant identified in a Chinese family.

Case presentation
The 9-month-old male proband was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for altered consciousness. At the time of admission, the patient had acidosis, drowsiness, and respiratory failure. Both urine organic acid analyses and LC–MS/MS suggested T2 deficiency. Novel compound heterozygous variant (c.871G>C and c.1016_1017del) in the ACAT1 gene were detected in the proband by WES and verified through direct sequencing. Family analysis demonstrated that the first variant was transmitted from his father and the second variant was from his mother, indicating autosomal recessive inheritance. This report is the first to describe the association of these variant with T2 deficiency based on genetic testing. Although these variant were identified in the patient’s elder sister and elder brother, they continue to be asymptomatic.

Conclusions
We identified two novel ACAT1 variants associated with T2 deficiency. The identification expands the spectrum of known variant linked to the disorder.
Assessment for nuclear security using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) incorporated with Neural Networking Method in nuclear power plants (NPPs)
Authors: Jang Kyung Bae , Baek Chang Hyun , Woo Tae Ho 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nuclear terrorism is studied by the complex algorithm with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and neural networking method. For the modeling, the modified crisis response is incorporated with the AHP level structure of five detections. It is applied to select the nine ranks with an input layer, hidden layer, and output layer in a neural networking algorithm containing the operator’s thinking. For 60 years, the range of the secure operation is between 0.01972 in the 18th year and 0.02099 in the 41st year, which means the highest range of security is about 1.064 times higher than that of the lowest value in this study. For the graphics, the highest and lowest values are seen as detection #5 and #1 respectively. The five sites differ in a dynamic manner where the #5 site is more than that of #1. This anti-terrorism study could be applied to energy or chemical plants in the future.
Germany’s Contested Civil Society in a Time of Politization
Authors: Hummel Siri 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Growing efforts to shrink civil societies’ scope of action are evident around the globe. Germany’s civil society has not been fully immune from this, but analysing whether there is a shrinking civic space requires a twofold perspective. While having a high democratic state standard and a rather supportive environment, there is also a discourse of whether it is legitimate for civil society organisations (CSO) to be politically active, following controversial recent lawsuits against CSOs on that ground. Additionally, there is an increasing atmosphere of hate and demonization from some social groups against civil society activists that impede their work and scope of action. Accordingly, there is an ongoing discussion whether Germany’s civil society is affected by the shrinking space phenomenon or not. To capture and theoretically comprehend these processes in Germany, I argue that these signs of “shrinking spaces” should rather be understood as a contestation that is the outcome of a growing re-politicization of civil society in the last 15 years. It is rooted in a new wave of politicization in which democracy is no longer an undisputed paradigm. Against this background, over the last decade, civil society has become again a terrain of contestation where different views and options are expressed and collide, but that is also attacked from the outside. Two main changes, I argue, have driven forward the politicization of civil society: first, a new social cleavage that is exploited by (right-wing) populism and, second, the claim for more direct participation in the democratic systems by the citizens which produced new political opportunity structures of good governance that allow more CSOs to advocate. While this process emancipated many CSOs, it also brought forth different contestations about legitimate participation. In this way, one can simultaneously observe a shrinking and a growing space for civil society in Germany.
Productive vocabulary learning in pre-primary education through soft CLIL
Authors: Segura Marta , Barón Júlia , Roquet Helena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to contribute to the field of Foreign Language (FL) acquisition by analysing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary learning in pre-primary education learners following a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme. Although the present study focuses on productive vocabulary acquisition, such results are later compared to receptive vocabulary findings reported in a previous study following the same learners over the same period of time. Additionally, word frequency effects are studied. A 6-month longitudinal study was conducted with Catalan and Spanish bilingual EFL learners (N = 155) aged 4 and 5. Through the programme, two curricular units traditionally taught in the learners’ mother tongue were worked on through a soft CLIL approach. Learners were administered a general vocabulary pre-test, and by the end of the intervention, receptive and productive vocabulary tests were given to the students, including the target words presented in the soft CLIL sessions. Positive trends were found in productive vocabulary learning, which may eventually turn into significant differences over a longer treatment period. A significant frequency effect was observed, as there was a higher recollection rate of higher-frequency words. When comparing receptive and productive vocabulary results, statistically significant higher scores were reported in receptive tests than in productive ones.
Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
Authors: Abdullah Norihan , Abdan Khalina , Lee Ching Hao , Mohd Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah , Radzuan Mohd Nazren , shafi Ayu Rafiqah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of waste wood flour as polymer reinforcements has recently gained popularity because of its environmental benefits. The goal of this research is to determine the thermal properties of a waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composite made via extrusion. The fillers were melt compounded with polyamide 6 at filler concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% using a twin screw extruder, followed by compression molding. The processability of waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composite was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). According to the TGA analysis, the thermal stability of the composites decreases as the natural fiber content increases. The onset temperature of rapid thermal deterioration was reduced somewhat from 425 °C (neat PA6) to 405 °C (15 wt% wood flour). According to the DSC results, the addition of natural fibers resulted in quantify changes in the glass transition (T
g), melting (T
m), and crystallization temperature (T
c) of the PA6 composites. The storage modulus from the DMA study increased from 1177 MPa (neat PA6) to 1531 MPa due to the reinforcing effects of wood flour (15 wt%). Waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composites offer advantageous thermal properties, enabling us to profit from the strengthening potential of such cellulosic reinforcements while remaining recyclable and generally renewable
.
Tendon pain – what are the mechanisms behind it?
Authors: Ackermann Paul W. , Alim Md Abdul , Pejler Gunnar , Peterson Magnus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Management of chronic tendon pain is difficult and controversial. This is due to poor knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic tendon pain, priorly known as tendinitis but now termed tendinopathy. The objective of this topical review was to synthesize evolving information of mechanisms in tendon pain, using a comprehensive search of the available literature on this topic.

Content
This review found no correlations between tendon degeneration, collagen separation or neovascularization and chronic tendon pain. The synthesis demonstrated that chronic tendon pain, however, is characterized by excessive nerve sprouting with ingrowth in the tendon proper, which corresponds to alterations oberserved also in other connective tissues of chronic pain conditions. Healthy, painfree tendons are devoid of nerve fibers in the tendon proper, while innervation is confined to tendon surrounding structures, such as sheaths. Chronic painful tendons exhibit elevated amounts of pain neuromediators, such as glutamate and substance p as well as up-regulated expression and excitability of pain receptors, such as the glutamate receptor NMDAR1 and the SP receptor NK1, found on ingrown nerves and immune cells. Increasing evidence indicates that mast cells serve as an important link between the peripheral nervous system and the immune systems resulting in so called neurogenic inflammation.

Summary
Chronic painful tendons exhibit (1) protracted ingrowth of sensory nerves (2) elevated pain mediator levels and (3) up-regulated expression and excitability of pain receptors, participating in (4) neuro-immune pathways involved in pain regulation. Current treatments that entail the highest scientific evidence to mitigate chronic tendon pain include eccentric exercises and extracorporeal shockwave, which both target peripheral neoinnervation aiming at nerve regeneration.

Outlook
Potential mechanism-based pharmacological treatment approaches could be developed by blocking promotors of nerve ingrowth, such as NGF, and promoting inhibitors of nerve ingrowth, like semaphorins, as well as blocking glutamate-NMDA-receptor pathways, which are prominent in chronic tendon pain.
Using Wide-Angle Reflection Wave Technology to Detect Seismic Inversion Data of Complex Geological Structure Zone for a Future Smart World
Authors: Guo Yankun , Zhang Chong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The South Yellow Sea has complex geological conditions such as small seismic wave impedance differences between shallow and deep marine sedimentary formations. The energy of the reflection wave in the deep phase is weak at the same phase axis, making it difficult to identify the effective reflection information of the marine target layer, especially the deep parts covered by high-speed layers. It is extremely difficult to image the carbonate stratum of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. For this reason, wide-angle reflection wave technology is used to detect seismic inversion data of complex geological structures. According to the comparative analysis of the actual seismic data and inversion simulation data in the South Yellow Sea area, it is verified that under the condition of complex geological structure, with the aid of inversion simulation data, effective waves and interference waves can be identified, which can guide the optimization of acquisition parameters in the deep target formation area of the South Yellow Sea, where imaging is difficult, in view of the factors affecting the imaging accuracy of the marine carbonate formation of the middle and Paleozoic, and this is conducive to improving the acquisition parameter quality of seismic data.
Statistical Validation of a New Tensile Creep Test for Asphalt Mastics
Authors: Roberto Antonio , Romeo Elena , Tebaldi Gabriele , Montepara Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Currently, the increasing traﬃc level and climatic change are exacerbating the premature distress of pavement infrastructures. In order to assess this problem, the proposed research activity aims to statistically evaluate the parameters of a new mastic tensile creep test, which is based on a uniaxial tensile conﬁguration. This allows the material deformation to be kept in the small-strain domain and the mechanical behavior to be considered as linear viscoelastic (LVE). Particularly, the main tasks of the study herein were the statistical analysis of the proper testing temperature and load. Moreover, the storage period of the samples was also analyzed, comparing four storage durations (1, 2, 4, and 12 h). The proposed analysis was performed using three ﬁllers (one pure limestone and two limestone-based ﬁllers) and two asphalt binders, neat and 3.5 % Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modiﬁed, respectively. The validation of the testing protocol also involved the analysis of the operator sensitivity using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed that the testing protocol is not operator-sensitive and allows the LVE behavior to be kept in the small-strain domain. The results also indicated that the m-value seems to interpret the accumulation of the permanent deformation for the mastic materials, which may be used as the property of materials, well.
Data Mining and Analysis Algorithm of Smart City Network Information Resource Description Framework Based on Fuzzy Association Rules
Authors: Li Ruihua , Feng Zhidong , Guo Hongbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of poor effect, low precision, and a long time frame in the current data mining analysis algorithm of the network information resource description framework (RDF), a data mining analysis algorithm of the network information RDF based on fuzzy association rules is proposed. Using association rule mining technology combined with fuzzy set theory, a fuzzy association rule algorithm is obtained to deal with quantitative data. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is used to discretize continuous attributes, and the fuzzy concept pattern and its support and credibility are defined. Add a Mining Query flag to extend the SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) syntax, define the user specified mining model, generate the corresponding project set and transaction, adopt the fuzzy association rule algorithm to generate fuzzy association rules, and realize the RDF data mining analysis of network information. The experimental results show that the network RDF data mining analysis effect of the proposed algorithm is good, which can effectively improve the network RDF data mining analysis accuracy and shorten the mining analysis time.
Malware Detection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks in a Smart City Based on Random Forest
Authors: Cui Jiantao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of inaccurate malware detection in traditional wireless sensor network detection algorithms, resulting in inaccurate prediction of network residual energy and low network life, a malware detection algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on random forest is proposed. Firstly, the random forest is optimized and introduced into software detection. Based on this, the attack model and software trust of malware are calculated to realize the detection of malware in wireless sensor networks. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the detection rate, and the prediction of network residual energy is accurate, which can effectively prolong the service life of the network.
Calorimetric Analysis and Dielectric Properties of Se50Te45Ge5 Chalcogenide Alloy
Authors: Ahmed E. M. , Atta A. A. , Wahba H. H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, the amorphous structure of chalcogenide alloy Se50Te45Ge5 is confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis with under-constrained nature. The differential scanning calorimeter study is made for the alloy at different heating rate α. The Tg and Tc of the alloy are found to increase, whereas Tm appears to decrease with increasing α. The mean activation energy for transition and crystallization are found to be around 160 and 150 kJ/mol, respectively. The fragility index is found to decrease with the increase of α. The crystals are established to grow in two dimensions within the glass network. On the other hand, the dielectric constant and loss are studied at frequencies between 30 Hz and 1 MHz and at temperatures between 20 and 300 K. The dielectric modulus of the experimental data is then analyzed using different models. Suitable fitting to the practical data is attained by the application of Davidson–Cole formalism with γ-values ranging from 0.82 to 0.99 with increasing of the temperature.