bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz imaging using optically controlled Fourier-basis structured illumination
Authors: Grossman Erich N. , Feldkhun Daniel , McComb Sean , Wagner Kelvin 
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate that a new type of structured-illumination imaging may be migrated from the optical to the terahertz domain. This Fourier-basis technique involves illuminating a target with rapidly moving sinusoidal fringes of controllable spatial frequency and orientation, while measuring the scattered radiation on a single fast detector. This initial proof-of-concept demonstration is purely one-dimensional since the fringe orientation is fixed, but the technique is readily extensible to two dimensions. The fringes are first generated in the near-infrared (808 nm) by passing a high-power laser beam through an acousto-optic Bragg cell driven by a superposition of two RF signals slightly offset in frequency, blocking the undeflected beam, and refocusing the two diffracted beams onto a metal-backed semiconductor wafer. The laser can be amplitude modulated to slow down the moving fringes to accommodate the semiconductor’s temporal response. The semiconductor acts as an optically addressed spatiotemporal modulator for a THz beam illuminating the same area. The periodic optical fringes effectively transform the semiconductor into a reflective THz diffraction grating with a programmable period. The diffracted THz radiation is then imaged onto the remote target plane, where the diffraction orders interfere pairwise to create traveling THz fringes. Scattered radiation from the target is collected by a simple receiver operating in “light bucket” mode, which produces an output signal consisting of a superposition of sinusoidal tones, one for each spatial Fourier component of the target. We present measurements of the THz fringe projector’s performance and compare with a model of the semiconductor modulator’s operation. Finally, we present Fourier-reconstructed images of pairs of point targets as an initial demonstration of THz Fourier-basis agile structured illumination sensing imaging.
Systematic review of the physiological and health-related effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from wireless communication devices on children and adolescents in experimental and epidemiological human studies
Authors: Bodewein Lambert , Dechent Dagmar , Graefrath David , Kraus Thomas , Krause Tobias , Driessen Sarah 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFor more than 20 years, the potential health risks of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure from mobile communication devices on children and adolescents have been examined because they are considered sensitive population groups; however, it remains unclear whether such exposure poses any particular risk to them.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to systematically analyze and evaluate the physiological and health-related effects of RF EMF exposures from wireless communication devices (mobile phones, cordless phones, Bluetooth, etc.) on children and adolescents.MethodsThis review was prepared according to thePreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological limitations in individual studies were assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk-of-Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies.ResultsA total of 42 epidemiological and 11 experimental studies were eligible for this review. Most of the studies displayed several methodological weaknesses that limited the internal validity of the results. Due to a lack of consistency regarding the outcomes as well as the lack of scientific rigor in most reviewed studies, the body of evidence for the effects of RF EMF of mobile communication devices on subjective symptoms, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents was low to inadequate. Evidence from the studies investigating early childhood development, brain activity, cancer, and physiological parameters was considered inadequate for drawing conclusions about possible effects.DiscussionOverall, the body of evidence allows no final conclusion on the question whether exposure to RF EMF from mobile communication devices poses a particular risk to children and adolescents. There has been rapid development in technologies generating RF EMF, which are extensively used by children and adolescents. Therefore, we strongly recommend high-quality systematic research on children and adolescents, since they are generally considered as sensitive age groups.
Association between workplace psychological violence and work engagement among emergency nurses: The mediating effect of organizational climate
Authors: Hu Huiling , Gong Haiyan , Ma Dongmei , Wu Xue 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundGiven that increasing attention is being given to the burdens on medical systems, researchers have concentrated their attention on nurses’ work engagement, especially in emergency departments.PurposeTo investigate the current situation of work engagement of nurses in emergency department, and to find out the impact of psychological violence on work engagement and its impact path.Basic proceduresThe research is a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were distributed to 243 nurses from the emergency departments of ten tertiary hospitals from September to October 2019. SPSS was used to conducted ANOVA. The AMOS was used to conduct structural equation model to test the mediating effect of organizational climate on the association between psychological violence and dimensions of work engagement.Main findingsPsychological violence was negatively correlated with organizational climate, vitality, dedication, and focus, and organizational climate was positively correlated with dimensions of work engagement. A negative relationship was found between psychological violence and three dimensions of work engagement, which was mediated by organizational climate.ConclusionIn order to curb workplace psychological violence and improve the work engagement level of emergency nurses, organizational climate can be used as an intervention measure. The support of leaders, the care of colleagues and the mutual understanding and communication between doctors and patients can alleviate the job burnout of nurses in the face of heavy work, so that nurses can face their daily work with a better mental outlook.
Knowledge of vaccine handlers and status of cold chain and vaccine management in primary health care facilities of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia: Institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebretnsae Hailay , Hadgu Tsegay , Ayele Brhane , Gebre-egziabher Equbay , Woldu Mulugeta , Tilahun Mulugeta , Abraha Alemnesh , Wubayehu Tewolde , Medhanyie Araya Abrha 
Published: June 2022

Background
Ethiopia federal ministry of health has been working on increasing access to immunization service by deploying solar refrigerators to primary health care facilities. However, there is limited evidence on cold chain and vaccine management status. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess knowledge of vaccine handlers and status of cold chain and vaccine management and their associated factors in primary health care facilities of Tigray region Northern Ethiopia.

Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. In each selected district, all primary health care facilities with functional vaccine refrigerators were included in the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. All variables with p-value of < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were included in multi-variable model to identify predictors of the dependent variables.

Results
In this study, fifty Primary Health Care Facilities (PHCFs) were included with a response rate of 94.4%. The overall level of good knowledge of vaccine handlers and good status of cold chain and vaccine management were 48% (95% CI; 30.7%-62%) and 46% (95%CI; 26.1%-61.3%) respectively. Receiving training on cold chain and vaccine management (AOR = 5.18; 95%CI: 1.48–18.18) was significantly associated with knowledge of vaccine handlers. Furthermore, receiving supportive supervision (AOR = 4.58; 95%CI: 1.04–20.17) and good knowledge of vaccine handlers (AOR = 10.97; 95%CI: 2.67–45.07) were significant associated with cold chain and vaccine management.

Conclusions
This study showed that knowledge of vaccine handlers on cold chain and vaccine management was poor. Similarly, the cold chain and vaccine management status was also poor. Therefore, on-site training should be provided to vaccine handlers to increase their knowledge, so as to improve their practices on cold chain and vaccine management. In addition, Programme based supportive supervision is needed to improve cold chain and vaccine management.
The effects of L1, task, and classifier type in Chinese-L2 learners’ use of classifiers
Authors: Zhang Jiahuan , Gnevsheva Ksenia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores three potential factors that influence Chinese L2 learners’ classifier use in a classroom setting: L1 background, task, and classifier type. We developed a picture-prompted test, including composition, free cloze, and multiple-choice cloze questions to elicit the use of classifiers. Participants were 50 Chinese L2 learners from Arabic, English, and Japanese L1 backgrounds. Although Japanese L1 participants performed numerically better than their Arabic and English counterparts, statistical analysis suggests that L1 was not a significant predictor of test performance. The composition task was shown to be conducive to the use of test-taking strategies, and it revealed a higher classifier accuracy than the more constrained multiple-choice task. Meanwhile, there was an interaction between L1 and task, suggesting that L1 influence may be conditioned by task type. Moreover, our logistic model predicts different levels of accuracy for classifier use by type, which potentially suggests a developmental path of acquiring classifiers licensed by the most prominent noun feature they are associated with, with shape being the earliest, followed by animate, inanimate, and concept.
Performance of four regression frameworks with varying precision profiles in simulated reference material commutability assessment
Authors: Markus Corey , Tan Rui Zhen , Lim Chun Yee , Rankin Wayne , Matthews Susan J. , Loh Tze Ping , Hague William M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
One approach to assessing reference material (RM) commutability and agreement with clinical samples (CS) is to use ordinary least squares or Deming regression with prediction intervals. This approach assumes constant variance that may not be fulfilled by the measurement procedures. Flexible regression frameworks which relax this assumption, such as quantile regression or generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS), have recently been implemented, which can model the changing variance with measurand concentration.

Methods
We simulated four imprecision profiles, ranging from simple constant variance to complex mixtures of constant and proportional variance, and examined the effects on commutability assessment outcomes with above four regression frameworks and varying the number of CS, data transformations and RM location relative to CS concentration. Regression framework performance was determined by the proportion of false rejections of commutability from prediction intervals or centiles across relative RM concentrations and was compared with the expected nominal probability coverage.

Results
In simple variance profiles (constant or proportional variance), Deming regression, without or with logarithmic transformation respectively, is the most efficient approach. In mixed variance profiles, GAMLSS with smoothing techniques are more appropriate, with consideration given to increasing the number of CS and the relative location of RM. In the case where analytical coefficients of variation profiles are U-shaped, even the more flexible regression frameworks may not be entirely suitable.

Conclusions
In commutability assessments, variance profiles of measurement procedures and location of RM in respect to clinical sample concentration significantly influence the false rejection rate of commutability.
Snoring induced reflux (SnoR) and a carcinoma in the gastro-oesophageal junction
Authors: Loske Gunnar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between snoring and the development of carcinomas of the gastro-oesophageal junction. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to snoring induced reflux (SnoR) observed during a routine preoperative examination in a patient with AEG type II after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. During the examination the patient (body mass index 26.5) started to snore deeply. As a consequence, remarkable morphological-functional changes at the gastro-oesophageal junction became apparent. Reflux was periodically aspirated, accompanied by snoring on inspiration. In our patient, the carcinoma developed precisely at this point of contact. The phenomenon of SnoR is demonstrated in a video. SnoR could be an explanation for the described correlation between snoring and the occurrence of carcinomas in the gastro-oesophageal junction. Further studies on the phenomenon of SnorR could be of major interest for the understanding of AEG carcinomas. It is possible that new preventive measures can be derived from these findings.
Limited diagnostic value of questionnaire-based pre-participation screening algorithms: a “risk-exposed” approach to sports activity
Authors: Palermi Stefano , Sirico Felice , Fernando Fredrick , Gregori Giampietro , Belviso Immacolata , Ricci Fabrizio , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Cavarretta Elena , De Luca Mariarosaria , Negro Francesco , Montagnani Stefania , Niebauer Josef , Biffi Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Several pre-participation screening algorithms (PPSAs) have been proposed to assess sports eligibility in different populations. They are usually based on self-administered questionnaires, without further medical assessment if no risk factors are documented. The Med-Ex “Formula Benessere” worksite program includes a complete cardiovascular (CV) screening for all participants. The purpose of this study was to assess PPSAs accuracy in detecting medical and/or CV abnormalities in the general population, comparing the results with the date derived from Med-Ex program.

Methods
The Med-Ex medical evaluation, consisting of medical history, physical examination (including body composition), resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise stress test in 464 male subjects (38.4 aged) was analyzed and matched to several PPSAs – Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) (2002–2020), American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) (1998–2009–2014–2015), European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR) (2011) – retrospectively simulated.

Results
Five-hundred and 67 abnormalities were detected though Med-Ex medical evaluation, and one-fourth (24%) would have been undetected applying PPSA alone. In particular 28% of high blood pressure, 21% of impaired fasting glycaemia, 21% of high Body Mass Index (BMI) values and 19% of ECG abnormalities would have been missed, on average, by all PPSAs.

Conclusions
The simulation analysis model performed in this study allowed to highlight the limits of PPSAs in granting sport eligibility, compared to a medical-guided CV screening. These findings emphasize the importance of a more balanced approach to pre-participation screening that includes a thorough evaluation of the cost/benefit ratio.
Low HDL-C is a non-fasting marker of insulin resistance in children
Authors: Zevin Erika L. , Peterson Amy L. , Dodge Ann , Zhang Xiao , Carrel Aaron L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood obesity and associated comorbidities, including insulin resistance, are increasing in the United States. Our objectives were to (1) determine the prevalence of insulin resistance in children seen in dyslipidemia clinic and (2) evaluate which aspects of the lipid profile correlate with insulin resistance.

Methods
Children and adolescents seen in a specialized pediatric dyslipidemia clinic without secondary diagnoses known to alter the lipid panel were included. Simultaneous fasting lipid panel, insulin, and glucose levels were available in 572 children (50.5% male).

Results
Mean patient age was 15.0 ± 3.6 years with the majority being over 10 years of age (92.5%). Mean BMI was 29.8 ± 8.1 kg/m2 and BMI standard deviation score was 1.80 ± 0.9. Mean HOMA-IR was 6.2 ± 5.7 with a range of 0.4–49.3, and interquartile range of 2.7–7.6. Triglyceride level had a positive correlation with HOMA-IR (p<0.001). HDL-C negatively correlated with HOMA-IR even controlling for triglyceride level by multivariate analysis (p=0.001) and HDL-C <30 mg/dL predicted IR with 41.5% PPV.

Conclusions
In children and adolescents with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance is common and significantly correlates with reduced HDL-C levels. Non-fasting samples are easier to obtain in children and low HDL-C, which is minimally affected on non-fasting samples, could be an easily obtained indicator of IR. Increasing detection of insulin resistance in children with dyslipidemia may provide greater opportunities for lifestyle interventions and possible pharmacotherapy to modify cardiovascular risk.
On the Raising of the Finite Main Verb in Angolan Portuguese and in Mozambican Portuguese: Cartographic Hierarchies, Microvariation and the Use of Adverbs as Diagnostics for Movement
Authors: Tescari Neto Aquiles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper revisits the issue of verb raising in two closely related languages, namely Angolan Portuguese (AP) and Mozambican Portuguese (MP). Cinque’s (cartographic) hierarchy of adverbs is used to examine microvariation in these two varieties of Portuguese. The empirical data, gathered through experiments on acceptability rating tasks (to detect the position of the V(erb) in relation to adverbs) and cloze tests (to diagnose the adverbial classes which can be recovered by the elliptical VP), have been collected among university students in Luanda and Maputo, the capitals of Angola and Mozambique, respectively. The cutting points within the functional hierarchy where the V goes, be it mandatorily or optionally, are different in the two languages. In AP, the verb must raise past the frustrative aspect adverb (em vão/à toa‘in vain’), while in MP the verb must raise to the left of the singular completive adverb (tudo‘everything’). The main verb cannot raise past the AspTerminativeadverb (já não/não mais‘no longer’) in MP. In AP, it can optionally raise over the highest projection in the inflectional domain. Such a difference may explain the recovery of high adverbs in VP-ellipsis structures, only possible in AP. The corollary of the inter-linguistic study developed for Comparative Syntax is the adequacy of the cartographicdémarchewhen it comes to establishment of strict boundaries in the study of microvariation among closely related grammars.
The Reference to the Leasing of Land on Stela Krakow National Museum MNK-XI-999 from the First Intermediate Period
Authors: Demidchik Arkadiy 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Our knowledge regarding the practice of land lease in Egypt of the III–II millennia BC still remains very patchy. To date, the oldest evidence of its existence are considered to be the Heqanakht letters from the Middle Kingdom. The article argues, however, that oblique references to it occurred as early as in the First Intermediate Period, and simply have not yet been recognized as such. In the autobiographical inscription of the overseer of butchers Merer, the collocation is being shown to be about land lease; Merer’s risk-management strategy against too low inundations was akin to that of Heqanakht. The situation reported in the inscription of the overseer of priests Rehui (Manchester 5052) is reminiscent of that described in the demotic literary story of Djedher (p British Museum EA 69532, ll. 6−9).
Versatzstücke eines Hymnus an den Sonnen- und Schöpfergott (O. Lg Ae BJF 31a, O. ANAsh.Mus. H.O. 302+342 etc. und Lied Nr. 100 des Großen Leidener Liederzyklus I 350)
Authors: Fischer-Elfert Hans-W. 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The purpose of this communication is to show that the recently published ostracon Lg Ae BJF 31a in Basle/Switzerland carries fragments of a hymn to the sun- and creator god Amun-Re instead of a prayer. A couple of parallels on other ostraca and the collection of numerical hymns on pLeiden I 350 can be adduced to justify its attribution to the hymnic genre.
Another case of milk–alkali syndrome or a learning opportunity?
Authors: Bondje Sophie , Barnes Camilla , Kaplan Felicity 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Milk–alkali syndrome (MAS) is a triad of hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal insufficiency. In this study, we present a case of milk–alkali syndrome secondary to concurrent use of over-the-counter (OTC) calcium carbonate-containing antacid tablets (Rennie®) for dyspepsia and calcium carbonate with vitamin D3 (Adcal D3) for osteoporosis. A 72-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, constipation, lethargy and mild delirium. Past medical history included osteoporosis treated with daily Adcal D3. Initial blood tests showed elevated serum-adjusted calcium of 3.77 mmol/L (normal range, 2.2–2.6) and creatinine of 292 µmol/L (45–84) from a baseline of 84. This was corrected with i.v. pamidronate and i.v. fluids. She developed asymptomatic hypocalcaemia and rebound hyperparathyroidism. Myeloma screen, vasculitis screen and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were normal, while the CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed renal stones but no malignancy. A bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. Once the delirium resolved, we established that prior to admission, she had been excessively self-medicating with over-the-counter antacids (Rennie®) as required for epigastric pain. The increasing use of calcium preparations for the management of osteoporosis in addition to easily available OTC dyspepsia preparations has made MAS the third most common cause of hypercalcaemia hospitalisations. Educating patients and healthcare professionals on the risks associated with these seemingly safe medications is required. Appropriate warning labels on both calcium preparations used in the management of osteoporosis and OTC calcium-containing preparations would prevent further similar cases and unnecessary morbidity and hospital admission.

Learning points

What is known?

An association between high-dose calcium supplementation and hypercalcaemia crisis has been seen in case studies.

After as little as 1 week of excessive calcium carbonate ingestion, patients can present with symptomatic hypercalcemia, acute renal failure and metabolic alkalosis (1).

Women aged 50 and younger need 1 g of calcium per day, while aged 51 and older need 1.2 g (1).

Although the amount of calcium required for MAS
is generally thought to be more than 4 g per day, there have been reports at intakes as low as 1.0–1.5 g per day in pre-existing risk factors including renal impairment (2).

What this study adds?

The danger of excessive ingestion of antacid is not adequately highlighted to prescribers and patients.

Appropriate warning labels on OTC calcium-containing preparations could prevent unnecessary morbidity and hospital admission.