bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 decreases inflammation following hemorrhagic shock by protecting myocardial mitochondria
Authors: Jia Bo , Ye Jingjing , Gan Lebin , Li Rui , Zhang Mengwei , Sun Diya , Weng Lin , Xiong Yufei , Xu Jun , Zhang Peng , Huang Wei , Zheng Ming , Wang Tianbing 
Published: November 2022

Background: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a type of hypovolemic shock characterized by hemodynamic instability, tissue hypoperfusion and cellular hypoxia. In pathophysiology, the gradual accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages the mitochondria, leading to irreversible cell damage and the release of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs), eventually triggering the inflammatory response. The novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (Visomitin) effectively eliminate excessive intracellular ROS and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects; however, the specific role of SkQ1 in HS has not yet been explicated.Methods and results: A 40% fixed-blood-loss HS rat model was established in this study. Transmission electron microscopy showed that after HS, the myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure was damaged and the mtDNA release in circulation was increased and the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in mitochondrial and ROS-related pathways. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 attenuated the increased ROS induced by HS in myocardial tissues and by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cardiomyocytes. Ultrastructurally, SkQ1 protected the myocardial mitochondrial structure and reduced the release of the peripheral blood mtDNA after HS. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis showed that 56.5% of the inflammation-related genes, which altered after HS, could be significantly reversed after SkQ1 treatment. Moreover, ELISA indicated that SkQ1 significantly reversed the HS-induced increases in the TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 protein levels in rat peripheral blood.Conclusion: HS causes damage to the rat myocardial mitochondrial structure, increases mtDNA release and ROS contents, activates the mitochondrial and ROS-related pathways, and induces systemic inflammatory response. The mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 can improve rat myocardial mitochondria ultrastructure, reduce mtDNA and ROS contents, and decrease inflammation by protecting myocardial mitochondria, thereby playing a novel protective role in HS.
Force plate vertical jump scans are not a valid proxy for physical fitness in US special warfare trainees
Authors: Scott W. Casan , Hando Ben R. , Butler Cody R. , Mata John D. , Bryant Jacob F. , Angadi Siddhartha S. 
Published: November 2022

Background:The United States Air Force Special Warfare Training Wing (SWTW) administers a comprehensive physical fitness test to active duty Airmen entering the Special Warfare training pipeline. The Sparta Science™ system utilizes proprietary software to analyze the force-time curve of a vertical jump and purports to serve as a proxy for traditional military fitness tests. The Sparta Science™ system produces four proprietary metrics, including the Sparta™ Score, which is correlated to high magnitudes of force production purportedlyperformance.This study investigated how Sparta™ Jump Scans correlate to components of a physical fitness test utilized within the SW training pipeline.Methods:At the entry and exit of an 8-week Special Warfare Training Wing preparatory course (SW PREP), 643 trainees completed both an initial and final Sparta™ Jump Scan and a Candidate Fitness Test (CFT). The Candidate Fitness Test consists of eight components and tests several different domains of fitness including strength, power, muscular endurance, swimming proficiency, and cardiovascular fitness. Paired t-tests were used to determine if Sparta™ Jump Scan metrics and CFT components changed during SW PREP. Sparta™ Score’s correlation was assessed against every other Sparta™ Jump Scan metric and all CFT fitness measures.Results:This study found that the Sparta™ Jump Scan metrics decline slightly over SW PREP (p&lt; 0.05; negligible-small effect size), while most CFT measures improve (p&lt; 0.05; small-medium effect size). Changes in Sparta™ Jump Scan metrics did not reflect the changes in CFT performance over SW PREP (r2: 0.00–0.03).Conclusion:The Sparta™ Score was not correlated to the most tactically-relevant fitness measures (rucking and swimming), and only weakly correlated with the only jumping measure on the fitness test, the standing broad jump.
Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction among college students: The roles of self-control and security
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Xiong Sicheng , Peng Yu , Zeng Yixin , Zeng Chengwei , Yang Ying , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAccording to the General Strain Theory, stress can lead to a range of problem behaviors. In the current study, we focused on the association between perceived stress and mobile phone addiction. We hypothesized that this association is mediated by low self-control and that the first path of the mediation is moderated by security.MethodsCollege students (N = 397; ages 16–21; 51.89% females) from a university in Hunan Province, China, were surveyed by cluster sampling method. The students completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Self-Control Scale (SCS), and the Security Questionnaire (SQ) during regular class time. SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses, the SPSS macro PROCESS was used to test the mediating effects of self-control and the moderating role of security.ResultsMediation analysis showed that as expected, perceived stress was associated with lower self-control, which in turn was associated with a higher risk for mobile phone addiction. Also as expected, moderated mediation analysis indicated that the association between perceived stress and self-control was moderated by security. Specifically, the relationship between perceived stress and self-control was stronger for low security.ConclusionThis study provides useful insight into the understanding of how perceived stress increases the risk of mobile phone addiction. The results are consistent with the General Strain Theory and further indicate that concrete approaches are required for the prevention and intervention to reduce mobile phone addiction among college students.
The association between violent video game exposure and sub-types of school bullying in Chinese adolescents
Authors: She Yuhang , Yang Zidan , Xu Lingyu , Li Liping 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSchool bullying among adolescents has been a worldwide public health issue. It has been observed that adolescents who are exposed to violent video games (VVGs) are often more aggressive. However, research on the association between violent video game exposure (VVGE) and different types of school bullying is limited in the Chinese context.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore whether VVGE is linked to school bullying behaviors among Chinese adolescents and to examine the relationship between different levels of violent game exposure and four sub-types (physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) of school bullying involvement.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 1,992 Chinese students (55.02% boys and 44.98% girls) with the average age of 15.84 ± 1.62 years. Sub-types of school bullying victimization and perpetration, Internet addiction, and VVGE were measured by using a self-administrated questionnaire. The association was examined by multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for covariates.ResultsPhysical, verbal, relational, and cyber school bullying victimization were reported by 18.12, 60.34, 11.75, and 12.05% of the adolescents, and physical, verbal, relational, and cyber school bullying perpetration were reported by 16.62, 54.62, 21.49, and 8.23% of them. Of the students, 1,398 (70.18%) were normal Internet users, 514 (25.80%) showed moderate Internet addictive behaviors, and 31 (1.56%) of the students showed severe Internet addictive behaviors. The prevalence of no VVGE, low-level VVGE, medium-level VVGE, and high-level of VVGE were 27.70, 24.10, 24.20, and 24.00%, respectively. The risk of physical victimization and physical perpetration significantly increased with the increasing degree of violent video game exposure (P for trend &lt; 0.001), with the highest adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.251 (95% CI 1.501–3.375) and 2.554 (95% CI 1.685–3.870), when comparing high-level VVGE with no VVGE.ConclusionThese findings highlight the specific association between different sub-types of school bullying involvement and violent video game exposure. Physical school bullying prevention and intervention programs should be conducted after adolescents are exposed to violent video games.
Cannabis use and opioid relapse: An exploratory survival analysis of prospectively collected data
Authors: Naji Leen , Rosic Tea , Sanger Nitika , Dennis Brittany , Hillmer Alannah , Hudson Jacqueline , Worster Andrew , Paul James , Marsh David C. , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceIt is known that only minority of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) receive treatment, of which only a fraction successfully complete treatment as intended. Factors associated with poor treatment outcomes remain unclear, and there is emerging but conflicting evidence that cannabis use may mitigate opioid use.ObjectiveTo analyze predictors of relapse amongst patients receiving buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD and identify the association between cannabis use and time to relapse.DesignData were prospectively collected between May 2018 and October 2020, and patients were followed for 12 months.SettingThirty-one outpatient opioid agonist treatment clinics across Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsAll patients 16 years of age or older receiving buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD who had a urine toxicology screen negative for opioids at baseline were eligible for inclusion. Of the 488 patients consecutively sampled, 466 were included.ExposureCannabis use.Main outcome and measureRelapse to opioid use assessed using urine toxicology screens. We employed a multivariable Cox-proportional hazard model for our analyses.ResultsWe found that cannabis use was not protective against relapse [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.36, p = 0.84]. We found that participants who have been in treatment for at least two years had a 44% decrease in the hazard of relapse compared to those in treatment for less than a year (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.92, p = 0.021). We also found that the hazard of relapse was 2.6 times higher for participants who were intravenous drug users (HR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.91, p &lt; 0.001), and that for every 1mg increase in the participants’ buprenorphine-naloxone dose, the hazard of relapse is 2% greater (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOur analysis failed to show cannabis to be protective against relapse to opioid use in patients receiving buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD. We identified that individuals who inject drugs, are on higher doses of buprenorphine-naloxone, or have been in treatment for less than two years have a higher hazard for relapse. The presence of such factors may thus warrant closer patient follow-up and more stringent treatment protocols to mitigate risk of relapse and potential overdose.
Homicidal ideation and psychiatric comorbidities in the inpatient adolescents aged 12–17
Authors: Sun Ching-Fang , Mansuri Zeeshan , Trivedi Chintan , Vadukapuram Ramu , Reddy Abhishek 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAdolescents with a homicidal tendency is a growing concern in the United States. Studies in the past have showcased the relationship between homicidal ideation (HI) and psychiatric illnesses, but very limited information is available on the adolescent and inpatient population. We aim to evaluate the prevalence of demographic characteristics and psychiatric disorders in adolescents with and without HI.Materials and methodsAdolescent (age 12–17) population admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of homicidal ideation was identified from the 2016–2018 National Inpatient Sample Dataset (NISD). Patients without HI were defined as the control group. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities between the groups was compared by applying the Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test. We used multivariable logistic regression to generate odds ratio (OR) of homicidal ideation as an outcome; we adjusted age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, substance use disorders, alcohol use disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities.ResultsA total of 18,935 patients (mean age: 14.5) with HI diagnosis were identified in this study. Majority of the patients were male subjects in the HI group compared to the control group (58.7 vs. 41.2%, p &lt; 0.001). Racially, HI was more prevalent in white race (56.0 vs. 52.6%, p &lt; 0.001) and black race (22.3 vs. 17.8%, p &lt; 0.001), compared to Hispanic race (14.9 vs. 21.3%, p &lt; 0.001). Major depression (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, p &lt; 0.001), bipolar disorder (OR: 3.52, p &lt; 0.001), anxiety disorder (OR: 1.85, p &lt; 0.001), ADHD, and other conduct disorders (OR: 4.01, p &lt; 0.001), schizophrenia (OR: 4.35, p &lt; 0.001) are strong predictors of HI. Suicidality was prevalent in 66.9% of patients with HI.ConclusionWe found a higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder in adolescents with homicidal ideation in the inpatient setting. White and black races were more prevalent in patients with homicidal ideation. Further large-scale longitudinal research studies are warranted to establish the correlation between psychiatric disorders and homicidal ideation among adolescents.
The impact of facemask on patients with COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Zhang Changqing , Ibrahim Sani , Tao Shunyu , Xia Xiaoli , Li Yi , Li Caiyun , Yue Feiyan , Wang Xinhua , Bao Shisan , Fan Jingchun 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSince the emergence of COVID-19, mandatory facemask wearing has been implemented around the world to prevent viral transmission, however, the impact of wearing facemasks on patients with COPD was unclear.MethodsThe current study undertakes a systematic review and meta-analysis of a comprehensive literature retrieval from six databases, based on the pre-determined eligibility criteria, irrespective of language. The risk of bias was assessed using an established instrument. We primarily focused on analyzing ETCO2, SpO2, and heart and respiratory rates, and also considered the impacts on physiological and exercise performance. A descriptive summary of the data and possible meta-analysis was performed. Forest plots were generated to pool estimates based on each of the study outcomes.ResultsOf the 3,751 publications considered, six publications were selected for a systematic review and two publications were included for meta-analysis, however, the quality of these six studies was relatively low overall. In the case of inactivity, the facemask wearing COPD cohort had higher respiratory rates than that of the non-facemask wearing cohort (MD = 1.00 and 95% CI 0.47–1.53, P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in ETCO2 (MD = 0.10 and 95% CI −1.57–1.78, P &gt; 0.05) and heart rate (MD = 0.40 and 95% CI −3.59–4.39, P &gt; 0.05) nor SpO2 (MD = −0.40 and 95% CI −0.84–0.04, P &gt; 0.05) between the COPD patients with and without facemasks. Furthermore, it was observed that the only significant differences between the COPD patients with and without facemasks undertaking different activities were FEV1 (%) (MD = 3.84 and 95% CI 0.14–7.54, P &lt; 0.05), FEV1/FVC (%) (MD = 3.25 and 95% CI 0.71–5.79, P &lt; 0.05), and blood lactate (MD = −0.90 and 95% CI −1.73 to −0.07, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionWearing facemasks decreased the exercise performance of patients with COPD, however, it had minimal impact on physiological indexes. Further investigations will be performed on the high-quality data from randomized control studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=326265, identifier: CRD42022326265.
Effect of ambient temperature and other environmental factors on stroke emergency department visits in Beijing: A distributed lag non-linear model
Authors: Zhao Jinhua , Zhang Yongming , Ni Ying , He Junyu , Wang Jianping , Li Xuan , Guo Yuming , Li Changping , Zhang Wenyi , Cui Zhuang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMost studies have focused on the relationship between ambient temperature and stroke mortality, but studies on the relationship between ambient temperature and stroke occurrence are still limited and inconsistent.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the effect of ambient temperature and other environmental factors on emergency stroke visits in Beijing.MethodsOur study utilized stroke visit data from the Beijing Red Cross Emergency Medical Center during 2017–2018, and applied a generalized additive model (GAM) as well as a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), respectively, regarding the direct, lagged, and cumulative effects of ambient temperature alone and with correction for other environmental factors on stroke occurrence.ResultsWith a total of 26,984 emergency stroke patients in 2017–2018, both cold and hot effects were observed and weakened after correction for other environmental factors. Compared to the reference temperature, in the multi-factor model, extreme cold (−10°C) reached a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.20 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09, 1.32] at lag 14 days, and extreme hot (30°C) had a maximum RR of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.11) at lag 6 days. The cumulative effect of extreme cold reached a maximum of 2.02 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.67) at lag 0–14 days, whereas the cumulative effect of extreme hot temperature is greatest at lag 0–10 days, but no statistically significant effect was found. In addition, ischemic stroke patients, the elderly, and males were more susceptible to the effects of cold temperature.ConclusionsThere is a non-linear relationship between ambient temperature and stroke occurrence, with cold temperature having a greater and longer-lasting impact than hot temperature.
Evaluation of strategies for the occupational health risk assessment of chemical toxicants in the workplace based on a quantitative analysis model
Authors: Xu Qiuliang , Zhang Meibian , Xu Lingtong , Yuan Weiming , Ren Hong , Wang Peng , Shao Xincun , Zhou Zhen , Zou Hua , Cao Yiyao 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe commonly used methods for the occupational health risk assessment (OHRA) of chemical toxicants cannot fully meet the needs of practical work. This study evaluated OHRA strategies for chemical toxicants in the workplace by establishing a quantitative analysis model.MethodsFive typical industries in China that implement OHRA using the six common models (the Environmental Protection Agency, Australian, Romanian, Singaporean, International Council on Mining and Metals, and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health models) were selected as the research objects. We established a quantitative analysis model to compare the six models and applied it to compare the results obtained using each model and preliminarily analyze the advantages, limitations, and application scope of each method.ResultsThe risk ratio (RR) values of the six methods decreased in the following order: RREPA &gt; RRCOSHH &gt; RRICMM &gt; RRAustralia &gt; RRSingaporean &gt; RRRomanian (P &lt; 0.05). Among the six models, the Singaporean model had the strongest RR correlation with the other models (P &lt; 0.01). The sequence of RRs obtained from the Singaporean, ICMM, Australian, and Romanian models in the five industries was consistent with the sequence of the three inherent risk levels in those industries. Only the Romanian model could distinguish between the RRs of all five industries. The EPA and Singaporean models could effectively distinguish the differences in inherent risk for four hazard factors (manganese and inorganic compounds, benzene, xylene, and ethyl acetate), with the assessment accuracy being relatively higher for the EPA model.ConclusionsAmong the six models, the EPA model had the relatively highest accuracy in assessing chemical toxicants, followed by the Singaporean model. The EPA and Romanian models were strongest in differentiating the differences in toxicity risk. More studies on OHRA methodology are needed.
Knowledge and participation in exercise and physical activity among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana
Authors: Asante Drusilla Obenewaa , Osei Francis , Abdul-Samed Fridaus , Nanevie Victoria Dzifa 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) and exercise have been identified to improve the general fitness and health. Although, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) has been validated for use in assessing PA in pregnant women. However, understanding the knowledge and participation levels of PA in pregnant women in the underdeveloped regions of Ghana is of clinical relevance to foster education and promotion of PA. In Ghana, pregnant women believe the “myth” (mostly in rural areas and underdeveloped regions) that exercising in the first trimester might lead to miscarriage. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the extent of knowledge and participation levels in PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana using a self-developed questionnaire which consisted of some questions adapted from the PPAQ.MethodsSeventy-seven (n = 77) pregnant women between the ages of 18–50 years were recruited from three hospitals across the Ho municipality of Ghana. A self-developed questionnaire which consisted of some questions taken from the PPAQ was administered to participants under the researchers' supervision. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to find the association between the level of participation in PA, knowledge of PA and gestational age among pregnant women.ResultsFrom the total participants (n = 77) recruited, 57 (74%) of the participants scored high in PA knowledge. Most of the participants 48 (62.3%) answered that PA promotes healthy pregnancy. Participants who reported barriers to PA during pregnancy were no exercise habits 51 (66.2%), having no time 17 (22.1%) and fear of miscarriage 9 (11.7%). There was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) association between the level of participation and gestational age. No significant (p &gt; 0.05) association between the level of participation and knowledge of PA was observed.ConclusionThere is a high level of knowledge of PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana. However, most pregnant women rather engage in PA as their gestational age increases. Thus, to foster sustainable exercise participation during pregnancy, all healthcare providers saddled with the responsibility of providing maternal healthcare must strengthen the education and promotion of exercise and PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana.