bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidermal bladder cell‐free mutant of the salt‐tolerant quinoa challenges our understanding of halophyte crop salinity tolerance
Authors: Moog Max William , Trinh Mai Duy Luu , Nørrevang Anton Frisgaard , Bendtsen Amalie Kofoed , Wang Cuiwei , Østerberg Jeppe Thulin , Shabala Sergey , Hedrich Rainer , Wendt Toni , Palmgren Michael 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Halophytes tolerate high salinity levels that would kill conventional crops. Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms will provide clues for breeding salt‐tolerant plants. Many halophytes, such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), are covered by a layer of epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) that are thought to mediate salt tolerance by serving as salt dumps.

We isolated an epidermal bladder cell‐free (ebcf) quinoa mutant that completely lacked EBCs and was mutated in REBC and REBC‐like1. This mutant showed no loss of salt stress tolerance.

When wild‐type quinoa plants were exposed to saline soil, EBCs accumulated potassium (K+) as the major cation, in quantities far exceeding those of sodium (Na+). Emerging leaves densely packed with EBCs had the lowest Na+ content, whereas old leaves with deflated EBCs served as Na+ sinks. When the leaves expanded, K+ was recycled from EBCs, resulting in turgor loss that led to a progressive deflation of EBCs.

Our findings suggest that EBCs in young leaves serve as a K+‐powered hydrodynamic system that functions as a water sink for solute storage. Sodium ions accumulate within old leaves that subsequently wilt and are shed. This mechanism improves the survival of quinoa under high salinity conditions.
Effect of Age on the Patterns of Traumatic Femoral Fractures: Seven Years of Experience at a Regional Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Yuan Hong , Yu Hailong , Zhu Yunpeng , Xiang Liangbi , Wang Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveFemoral fractures are a common cause of mortality and functional loss, mainly among older people, and there are few studies about the age in relation to traumatic femoral fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the patterns of traumatic femoral fractures in patients presenting to our regional tertiary hospital.MethodsThe records of 2020 patients who presented with traumatic femoral fractures between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' clinical and radiographic records were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for associated injuries and complications.ResultsThe patients were divided into a child group (CH group, n = 342) aged under 18 years, a young adult group (YA group, n = 484) aged 18–60 years, and an older people group (OP group, n = 1194) aged 60 years and over. There were significant differences among the three groups in several indexes, such as sex ratio (χ2 = 301.699, p < 0.001), osteoporosis (χ2 = 375.463, p < 0.001), injury time of day (χ2 = 114.913, p < 0.001), injury cause (χ2 = 748.187, p < 0.001), injury location (χ2 = 490.153, p < 0.001), fracture side (χ2 = 57.000, p < 0.001), fracture site (χ2 = 806.650, p < 0.001), associated injuries (χ2 = 322.921, p < 0.001), coma after injury (χ2 = 147.814, p < 0.001), non‐surgery‐related complications (χ2 = 7.895, p = 0.019), and surgery‐related complications (χ2 = 82.186, p < 0.001). The YA group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with surgery‐related complications than the OP group. The OP group had a higher frequency of non‐surgery‐related complications than the YA group and CH group. The most common non‐surgery‐related complications were pneumonia (7.1%) in the OP group and deep venous thrombosis (6.4%) in the YA group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that young adults, high‐energy injury, outdoors, coma after injury, and fracture sites except for the proximal region were independent risk factors for associated injuries. Older age, male, and fracture site except for the proximal region were independent risk factors for complications.ConclusionsTraumatic femoral fractures are mostly the result of low‐energy trauma and predominantly affect the proximal site of the femur among older people. A higher rate of shaft fractures, fractures occurring outdoors, and associated injuries were observed among young adults and children than among older people.
Analysis of the Effect of Antibiotic Bone Cement in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer through Tibia Transverse Transport
Authors: Ding Xiaofang , Yuan Yusong , Lu Hao , Wang Yuanli , Ji Kunyu , Lv Haorun , Xu Hailin , Zhou Junlin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of antibiotic bone cement (ABC) combined with the modified tibial transverse transport (mTTT) on the treatment of severe diabetic foot with infection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of 243 patients with TEXAS grade 3/4 stage D diabetic foot ulcers from December 2016 to December 2019. A total of 115 patients treated with mTTT were classified as the mTTT group (78 male and 37 female, mean age: 70.4 ± 6 years) and 128 patients who were treated with ABC combined with mTTT were in the ABC + mTTT group (89 male and 39 female, mean age: 68.9 ± 8 years). Follow‐up records during treatment and 6 months after surgery were collected, including the time required for white blood cells (WBC) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) to return to normal range, wound healing time, pain visual analog scale (VAS), ankle‐brachial index (ABI), foot skin temperature, transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement (TcPO2), complications, and other indicators. Normally distributed data were compared using the independent sample t‐test, non‐normally distributed data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA analysis of variance.ResultsThere were 128 cases in the ABC + mTTT group (89 male and 39 female, mean age: 68.9 ± 8 years) treated with ABC and mTTT, and 115 cases in the TTT group (78 male and 37 female, mean age: 70.4 ± 6 years) treated with mTTT alone. The time required for WBC and CRP to return to the normal range and wound healing time in the ABC + mTTT group were significantly shorter than those in the mTTT group (12.9 ± 4.6 vs. 22.6 ± 1.6 days, t = 3.979, p < 0.001; 25.3 ± 1.3 vs. 31.3 ± 2.3 days, t = 4.261, p = 0.001; 11.9 ± 3.8 vs. 15.9 ± 3.9 days, t = 4.539, p < 0.001). There were no significant intergroup differences in the foot skin temperature, VAS score, ABI, and TcPO2 (t = 0.349, 0.542, 0.765, 0.693 while all p > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the application of ABC with mTTT for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers did not affect the wound healing time and ankle blood supply in the mid‐term, it could control ulcer infection faster and accelerate wound healing.
Applications of the Crenel Lateral Interbody Fusion Procedure in Treatment for Adjacent Segments Degeneration of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Zhang Di , Zeng Tong , Chen Keng , Jin Song 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the clinical and radiological effect of crenel lateral interbody fusion (CLIF) procedure in the management of lumbar spine adjacent segment degenerative (ASD).MethodsThirty‐seven patients with lumbar spine ASD who underwent the CLIF procedure between June 2018 and December 2019 were included in the study. There were 13 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 64.30 ± 5.92 years. The VAS score of the back (VAS_Back) and legs (VAS_Leg), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, the height of the intervertebral space (HIS), the height of the intervertebral foramen (HIF), the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the vertebral canal, segmental lordosis (SL), and lumbar lordosis (LL) were recorded before the operation, 2 weeks after the operation, 3 months after the operation, and at the last follow‐up respectively. Clinical and radiological outcomes before and after the surgery were compared, and correlation and regression analyses were performed.ResultsThere were no vascular and nerve‐related complications during the operation. The average follow‐up time was 16.63 ± 4.24 months. The median of both VAS_Back and VAS_Leg was 7 before surgery and 1 at the last follow‐up. Meanwhile, the average preoperative ODI score, HIS, HIF, CSA of the vertebral canal, LL, and SL was (67.48 ± 7.17) %, (4.80 ± 0.73) mm, (12.95 ± 2.07) mm, (59.52 ± 9.22) mm2, (37.22 ± 5.92)° and (4.78 ± 1.99)°, respectively. At the final follow‐up, ODI score, HIS, HIF, CSA of the vertebral canal, LL, and SL was (7.07 ± 2.66) %, (9.44 ± 0.61) mm, (17.30 ± 1.90) mm, (70.49 ± 8.95) mm2, (44.67 ± 6.38)° and (13.44 ± 3.27)°, respectively. In the VAS_Back, VAS_Leg, ODI score, LL, SL, HIS, HIF, and CSA of the vertebral canal, the difference between preoperative and 2 weeks after the operation, 3 months after the operation, and the last follow‐up were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the difference was not statistically significant between each time point after the operation in the CSA of the vertebral canal, LL, and SL (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, the difference was statistically significant in ODI between each time point after the operation (P < 0.05). VAS_Leg was associated with HIS, HIF, and CSA of the vertebral canal, while LL and SL were risk factors for low back pain.ConclusionCrenel lateral interbody fusion is an effective procedure in the management of lumbar ASD. Not only was the postoperative swift recovery due to minimal invasion, but also adequate LL and SL were achievable.
The Formation and Realization of Fertility Goals Among a US Cohort in the Post‐Recession Years
Authors: Guzzo Karen Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe United States has experienced a sustained fertility decline, with those currently in their childbearing years facing unique constraints. Drawing from the Theory of Conjunctural Action and the Narratives of the Future framework, this work considers how objective and subjective socioeconomic conditions, psychosocial characteristics, and perceptions of well‐being are linked to mothers’ and childless women's (a) prospective fertility intentions during the Great Recession, (b) realization of those intentions in the post‐Recession period, and (c) fertility intentions toward the end of the reproductive years, using Waves IV and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The results confirm the role of standard socioeconomic measures and also highlight the importance of subjective measures. In general, more advantaged women were more likely to intend to have (more) children at both waves and to have children between waves. Furthermore, women who already had children by the Great Recession were more likely than their childless peers to have a(nother) child in the post‐Recession period. As this cohort approaches the end of its childbearing years, having unfulfilled fertility plans from earlier in the reproductive life course is a strong predictor of continuing to intend at least one birth.
Clinical features of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Authors: Kobayashi Soya , Tsunoda Tomoyuki , Umetsu Shuichiro , Inui Ayano , Fujisawa Tomoo , Sogo Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo study has analyzed more than100 cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) in children in a single center. We aimed to describe the clinical features of pediatric EGE.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a single center. Between April 2007 and December 2017, 860 children between the ages of 1 year and 15 years underwent endoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause. Among them, 109 (12.7%) were diagnosed with EGE according to the diagnostic criteria for EGE developed by the research group of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan for eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder in 2015. We investigated their symptoms, comorbidities, endoscopic findings, pathological findings, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsSeventy‐one boys (65.1%) and 38 girls (34.9%) were diagnosed with EGE. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years (range, 1–15 years). The chief complaints were abdominal pain in 83 (76.1%) and diarrhea in 26 (23.9%). Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies showed normal findings in 32 patients (29.4%). The most common treatment was a combination of elimination of foods suspected of causing EGE and anti‐allergic agents in 50 cases (45.9%). The outcomes were symptom disappearance in 43 patients (39.4%) and symptom improvement in 53 patients (48.6%).ConclusionsFor gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause in children, EGE should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Although the symptoms and endoscopic findings are nonspecific, cracked mucosa may be a specific endoscopic finding for pediatric EGE. An elimination diet and/or anti‐allergic drugs were effective in most patients with pediatric EGE.
Exploring the Antibacterial Properties of Lignin‐coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesized in a One‐pot Process†
Authors: da Silva Daliane R. C. , Scaiano Juan C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven the current grave problems with antibiotic resistance, the discovery of novel, unconventional antibacterial drugs is not just important but also urgent. In this contribution, we report on the synthesis and testing of several composite nanomaterials that may find applications as therapeutic drugs or surface disinfectants. These materials are based on magnetic nanostructures coated with lignin, for example, lignin@FeCo. The magnetic properties of these nanocomposites facilitate removal or localization, whereas the lignin shell provides biocompatibility. These nanomaterials are mild antibacterials in the absence of light, but when illuminated become powerful antibacterial agents with typically ≥6 log units of bacterial reduction in 1–5 min of irradiation. These materials are strongly absorbing, including in the very useful NIR biological window, which we illustrate using 810 nm LED irradiation. We also show that in the short time required for antibacterial action, thermal changes are very small (≤5°C). Further, biocompatibility tests using fibroblasts show very limited cell damage and no enhanced adverse effect during 810 nm NIR illumination. As a surface coating for the active material, lignin provides a “trojan horse” strategy to facilitate the antibacterial action.
Silicon mediates the changes in physiological performance, nutrient uptake, root colonization morphology and secondary metabolite activity in rubber rootstock seedlings (Hevea brasiliensis) inoculated with Rigidoporus microporus
Authors: Shaikh Abd Hadi Shaikh Mohd Hizami , Zakaria Latiffah , Sidique Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed , Mohmad Mahyudin Murnita , Berahim Zulkarami , Idris Muhamad Arif , Mohamed Nor Nik Mohd Izham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhite root disease (WRD) of rubber, caused by Rigidoporus microporus, is a severe soilborne disease in rubber plantations. Although several studies have addressed the potential use of silicon (Si) to combat plant diseases, the exact mechanisms underlying Si‐improved physiological performance and resistance to WRD in rubber rootstock seedlings are still unknown. This study evaluated the effect of soluble Si supplementation in controlling R. microporus on 13‐month‐old rubber rootstock seedlings of clones RRIM 2002 and RRIM 2024. The application of soluble Si twice a month on the RRIM 2002 clone increased the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to 55.0%, 179.0%, 277.8% and 173.0% higher, respectively, than untreated seedlings 9 months postinoculation with R. microporus. Soluble Si supplementation reduced the disease by 55.0%, compared to only 25.6% disease reduction on rubber rootstock seedlings treated with propiconazole. The application of soluble Si enhanced the accumulation of Si and the production of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in the rubber rootstock seedling roots by 40% and 25%, respectively, compared to untreated seedlings 9 months postinoculation with R. microporus. Based on scanning electron microscopy observations, the root tissue of rubber rootstock seedlings treated with soluble Si showed the absence of R. microporus hyphae, and the accumulation of Si granules was observed. Thus, this work proved that soluble Si in the form of silicic acid shows promising results as an alternative fertilizer in controlling WRD.
Creatine: A valuable supplement in aquafeeds?
Authors: Wuertz Sven , Reiser Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCreatine is an amino acid derivate commonly found in vertebrate muscle tissue. Creatine facilitates the recycling of adenosine triphosphate and thus contributes to the energy supply of the muscles as well as the brain. Creatine is used as a supplement for several reasons and its effects in humans, particularly in sports medicine, have been studied excessively. Also, creatine supplementation has been studied for its functions and benefits in terrestrial farm animals. Up to date, little is known about the use of creatine as a supplement in fish nutrition. Yet, due to its many physiological functions, creatine may serve as a valuable supplement in aquafeeds of farmed aquaculture species. Indeed, creatine plays a pivotal role in the fish's muscle and may help to enhance performance of fish reared in aquaculture systems. With regard to swimming exercise, creatine may even amplify its metabolic effects. Upon supplementation, creatine stimulates muscle growth increasing body mass and it has the potential to improve feed utilisation particularly of plant‐based diets. Also, creatine plays a part in osmoregulation when fish adapt to changes in salinity. Furthermore, it may improve product quality upon slaughter. Here, we compile what is known about the many functions of creatine as well as its physiological effects in fish in comparison to mammals. We also highlight its potential beneficial effects as a supplement in aquaculture and infer why creatine can help increase the sustainability of fish feeds.
Recent progress of male sexual differentiation and development in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): A review
Authors: Jin Shubo , Zhang Wenyi , Xiong Yiwei , Fu Hongtuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany researchers have focused on male sexual differentiation and development of the Macrobrachium nipponense in recent years. In this review, we highlight the status of knowledge about male sexual differentiation and development in this species by summarizing the chromosome analyses, major regulatory factors, identification of male reproduction‐related genes and gene functional analyses. Fifty‐two chromosomes have been identified in the testis of M. nipponense, which led to the identification of sex‐related chromosomes in this prawn. Studies have shown that hormones secreted by the eyestalk, androgenic gland, and testis as well as 17‐estradiol and environmental factors regulate the process of male sexual development in M. nipponense. The sex differentiation and development sensitive period was identified as post‐larva 10 (PL10) to PL22; therefore, this time span is critical in the identification of male reproduction‐related genes from M. nipponense. In this study, 80 male sex‐related homologous genes were identified based on functional analysis in other species, and another 45 genes were considered to be strong male reproduction‐related candidates based on their expression changes through performing multi‐omics profiling analyses. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed 25 genes that were involved in the process of male sexual development in M. nipponense, and RNA interference showed that knockdown of the expression levels of SDHB, PDHE1, NFkBa, HSDL1 and ferritin delayed testis development. Use of Crispr‐Cas9 technology and analysis of noncoding RNA should be further investigated, which will be effective in establishing an artificial technique to regulate the process of male sexual development in M. nipponense.
Antiracism amidst empire? Understanding the United States' relationship to whiteness
Authors: Nicholls Heidi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDominant conceptualizations of the United States as a nation‐state have recently given way to greater understandings of settler colonialism and U.S. empire. However, notions of U.S. empire may still work to naturalize settler colonialism if viewed in isolation from the expansiveness of what has been considered U.S. territory. In this review article, I outline three dominant understandings of U.S. empire and describe how each reifies the myth of the U.S. as a “nation‐state.” The U.S. does not simply have an empire. It is an empire. I then review helpful insights concerning processes of rule within empire‐states including from postcolonial sociology, comparative‐historical sociology, and gender and sexuality. Insights from critical Indigenous studies offer a way forward for research that analyzes the rule of settler colonial and empire‐states alongside the politics of race and racism. As theorized by Indigenous feminisms in Oceania, racism also operates through possessive processes that integrate peoples and ways of living into state logics and mechanisms of rule. Finally, I argue that sociology committed to addressing racism must further grapple with the reality that the United States is an empire‐state. As such, we must more closely analyze the state and statist politics as key producers of White supremacy today.
Integrating research on social class and social relationships
Authors: Hooker Emily D. , Algoe Sara B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA decade of research on social class has shown that those lower in social class tend to be more interdependent or focused on others. Here, we show that considering social class as an aspect of culture, which means that it shapes thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can improve the precision, generalizability, and utility of theories about relationships. Moreover, we show the value of research on social class that integrates theories and methodologies developed in relationship science (e.g., studying existing relationships in real life, over time) with those developed in the science of social class (e.g., social class as a form of culture; the distinction between material resources and rank in society). Integrating these perspectives will accelerate understanding of when and how relationships can be beneficial for all. Recent research on social‐class variation in interpersonal processes lays the groundwork for substantial advances across domains of psychology.