bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue Light Hazard Optimization for White Light‐Emitting Diode of Mn2+‐Activated 0D Cs3Cu2Br5 Perovskite Materials
Authors: Liu Yaoyu , Zheng Xixi , Ji Zongshuai , Wang Tianyu , Yu Haixia , Teng Bing , Ji Shaohua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe zero‐dimensional perovskite‐like derivative Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, Br, I) with self‐trapped excitons (STEs) photoluminescence (PL) has attracted tremendous interest in the field of optoelectronics. Nonetheless, it is challenging for Cs3Cu2Br5 material to attain full visible spectrum emission and prevent light‐induced photochemical damage to the retina (blue light hazard) in applications. Herein, Mn2+ is chosen as the dopant to alloy into Cs3Cu2X5 via a one‐step solid state synthesis method. Significantly, the series of Mn2+‐doped show the emission peak of 460 nm STEs and the emission peak of 550 nm Mn2+. More importantly, the high energy absorption of Mn2+ facilitates the transfer of exciton energy, contributing to a reduction in blue emission peak at 460 nm. Simultaneously, ≈17.5% of Mn2+ is alloyed into the Cs3Cu2X5lattice to induce the energy transfer channels from the Cs3Cu2X5 host to the Mn2+ guest to lead to the emission of Mn2+, which broadens emission spectrum (400–620 nm) and realizes 80% reduction of the blue emission peak at 460 nm. Additionally, a white light‐emitting diodes can decrease the blue emission band via 71.45% and an ultrahigh color rendering index (CRI) of 94.5 is produced using the 17.5% Mn2+: Cs3Cu2X5 perovskite‐like derivative powder material.
Reduction Mechanism for CeO2 Revealed by Direct Observation of the Oxygen Vacancy Distribution in Shape‐Controlled CeO2
Authors: Hojo Hajime , Hirota Kazuki , Ito So , Einaga Hisahiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCeO2 and CeO2‐based materials are widely used as catalysts and catalyst supports for a variety of chemical reactions. The ability to form oxygen vacancies plays an important role in the catalytic activities in these materials. Therefore, revealing the reduction mechanism for CeO2 is crucial to understanding the catalytic activities. In this study, shape‐controlled CeO2 nanoparticles are fabricated and the distribution of surface oxygen vacancies on the (100) and (111) surfaces is systematically studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy and the response to H2 reduction treatment. It is successfully demonstrated that both catalytic activities and the ability to form oxygen vacancies are strongly dependent on the type of lattice planes. Moreover, the present results provide important insights into the reduction mechanism for CeO2, in which bulk oxygen instead of the widely believed surface capping oxygen makes no small contribution to the initial reduction step.
Silver Nanoparticle‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials Exert Membrane Stress and Induce Immune Response to Inhibit the Early Phase of HIV‐1 Infection
Authors: Mukherjee Soumajit , Bytesnikova Zuzana , Martin Sophie , Svec Pavel , Ridoskova Andrea , Pekarkova Jana , Seguin Cendrine , Weickert Jean‐Luc , Messaddeq Nadia , Mély Yves , Richtera Lukas , Anton Halina , Adam Vojtech 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGraphene‐based 2D nanomaterials exhibit unique physicochemical, electric, and optical properties that facilitate applications in a wide range of fields including material science, electronics, and biotechnology. Recent studies have shown that graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibit antimicrobial effects on bacteria and viruses. While the bactericidal activity of graphene‐based nanomaterials is related to mechanical and oxidative damage to bacterial membranes, their antiviral activity has been less explored. Currently available experimental data are limited and suggest mechanical disruption of viral particles prior to infection. In this study, the antiviral properties of reduced GO‐based nanocomposites decorated with Ag nanoparticles (rGO‐Ag) are evidenced against human immunodeficiency virus‐1 pseudovirus used as an enveloped virus model. By combining biochemical and original single virus imaging approaches, it is shown that rGO‐Ag induces peroxidation of pseudoviral lipid membrane and that consequent alteration of membrane properties leads to a reduction in cell entry. In addition, rGO‐Ag is found to be efficiently internalized in the host cell leading to the elevated expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, the presented results shed new light on the mechanisms of rGO‐Ag antiviral properties and confirm the high potential of graphene derivatives as an antimicrobial material for biomedical applications.
Nitrogenous Interlayers for ITO S/D Electrodes in N‐Type Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Rong Xin , Han Jiangli , Xu Chenhui , Ma Botai , Jiang Lixian , Ma Ding , Xing Rubo , Shen Liping , Duan Lian , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou , Dong Guifang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe commercialization of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is partly hindered by the high cost and stubborn work function (WF) of common Au source/drain (S/D) electrodes. In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO) S/D electrodes modified with three different nitrogenous interlayers including 1,4‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEP), polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) are adopted to fabricate n‐type OTFTs. The WF of bare ITO is 4.7 eV, whereas ITO modified with nitrogenous interlayers exhibits WFs ranging from 4.1 to 3.6 eV. By the first‐principle calculation and element analysis, the protonated amines are critical for the reduction of ITO surface WF. Besides, the interlayers with higher nitrogen contents are more likely to improve the wettability of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) modified ITO substrates, and help to gain the continuous and oriented poly[2,5‐bis(4‐tetradecyloctadecyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione‐alt‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐(E)‐1,2‐bis(3,4‐difluorothien‐2‐yl)‐ethene] (P4FTVT‐C32) semiconductor thin films. Therefore, P4FTVT‐C32 based OTFTs with maximum electron field‐effect mobility of 1.95 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved by PEI treatments. These results indicate that the ITO S/D electrodes modified by nitrogenous interlayers can greatly slash costs and promote commercialization of OTFTs.
C1N1 Thin Films from Guanine Decomposition Fragments
Authors: Jerigová Mária , Heske Julian , Kühne ThomasD. , Tian Zhihong , Tovar Michael , Odziomek Mateusz , López‐Salas Nieves 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymeric semiconductors are finding a wide range of applications. In particular, graphitic carbon nitride g‐C3N4 has been investigated extensively in the past decade. However, the family of carbon nitrides is not limited to C3N4 and new CXNY are now being explored due to their different bandgap energy, morphology, and overall physicochemical properties. Here, homogenous and semi‐transparent C1N1 thin films are fabricated using guanine as a nontoxic molecular precursor. They are synthesized in a simplified chemical vapor deposition process on top of fused silica and fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. The chemical and structural studies reveal that C/N ratio is close to target 1, triazine vibrations are visible in vibrational spectra and stacking of the film is observed from glancing incidence X‐ray diffraction data. The (photo)electrochemical properties are studied, the film is a p‐type semiconductor with a good photoresponse to visible light and a suitable catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. A simple and safe way of synthesizing C1N1 films on a range of substrates is presented here.
Economical Silicon Nanowire Growth via Cooling Controlled Solid–Liquid–Solid Mechanism
Authors: Nguyen Thao , Hsu Chu‐Hsiu , Lien Der‐Hsien , Su Yu‐Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConventional vapor–liquid–solid mechanism of nanowire growth opens up new opportunities of fabricating nanowires with controllable morphologies and aspect ratios. However, gaseous precursors have disadvantages of high material and processing cost, high toxicity, and limited scalability. By contrast, synthesizing nanowires via solid–liquid–solid mechanism could be a facile alternative since the low cost and nontoxic solid precursor is adopted in the process. In this study, the cooling control is found to be very critical for the solid–liquid–solid nanowire growth. Without a sufficient negative vertical temperature gradient, the nucleation and continuous growth of silicon nanowires could not occur. High volume gas flow cooling, fluctuating the heating temperature, decreasing the cooling rate, and applying a heat sink are all efficacious to promote silicon nanowire formation. In addition to the nanowires formed under high gas flow cooling on the silicon wafer sputtered with a nickel thin film, the solid–liquid–solid mechanism‐derived silicon nanowire growth can also be economically achieved by adopting a solution‐based coating of a nickel precursor onto the silicon substrate paired with a programmed slow cooling condition without using any gas, which could be transferred to other eutectic systems for cost‐effective nanomaterial fabrication.
How Thin and Efficient Can a Metasurface Reflector Be? Universal Bounds on Reflection for Any Direction and Polarization
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed Ismail , Monticone Francesco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLight reflection plays a crucial role in a number of modern technologies. In this paper, analytical expressions for maximal reflected power in any direction and for any polarization are given for generic planar structures made of a single material represented by a complex scalar susceptibility. The problem of optimal light‐matter interactions to maximize reflection is formulated as the solution of an optimization problem in terms of the induced currents, subject to energy conservation and passivity, which admits a global upper bound by using Lagrangian duality. The derived upper bounds apply to a broad range of planar structures, including metasurfaces, gratings, homogenized films, photonic crystal slabs, and more generally, any inhomogeneous planar structure irrespective of its geometrical details. These bounds also set the limit on the minimum possible thickness, for a given lossy material, to achieve a desired reflectance. Moreover, the results allow the discovery of parameter regions where large improvements in the efficiency of a reflective structure are possible compared to existing designs. Examples are given of the implications of these findings for the design of superior and compact reflective components made of real, imperfect (i.e., lossy) materials, such as ultra‐thin and efficient gratings, polarization converters, and light‐weight mirrors for solar/laser sails.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters Helically Assembled by Liquid‐Crystal Template
Authors: Lipok Maciej , Obstarczyk Patryk , Parzyszek Sylwia , Wang Yanan , Bagiński Maciej , Buergi Thomas , Lewandowski Wiktor , Olesiak‐Bańska Joanna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChiral plasmonic gold nanoparticles assemblies are known for their strong circular dichroism. However, little is known about the creation of helical assemblies from atomically precise nanoparticles like gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and the optical properties of the final structures. Herein, a new approach is proposed to helically assemble atomically precise gold nanoclusters and enable circularly polarized luminescence using a liquid‐crystal template creating helical nanofilaments. The problem of nanoclusters miscibility is resolved with the liquid crystal matrix by functionalizing nanoclusters with two different ligands: dodecanethiol and specially designed liquid crystal‐like ligand. Additionally, the authors explore how functionalization, heating, and helical assembly affect optical properties of gold nanoclusters. The findings prove that assembly incorporating thermotropic liquid crystals and double functionalization of nanocluster surface can be successfully applied to assemble ultrasmall nanoparticles in a helical manner while preserving their atomically precise structure. Moreover, the assembly tunes the nanocluster luminescence and generates new chiroptical effects.
Unraveling Dipolar Regime and Kerker Conditions in Mid‐Index Mesoscale Dielectric Materials
Authors: Coe Brighton , Olmos‐Trigo Jorge , Qualls Dylan , Alexis Minani , Szczerba Michal , Abujetas Diego R. , Biswas Mahua , Manna Uttam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanophotonic phenomena, such as zero optical back scattering, nonradiating anapole states, etc. are related to the excitation of single dipolar modes—hence so far, they have only been observed within a few relatively high‐index dielectric materials (refractive index, n > 3.5) in the nanoscale regime at the optical frequencies. Here, dipolar regime is unraveled, close‐to‐zero backscattering is demonstrated, and optical anapoles are excited in mid‐index dielectric spheres (titanium di‐oxide, TiO2; n ≈ 2.6) at the mesoscale regime (particle diameter, d ≈ incident wavelength, λ) under illumination with tightly focused Gaussian beams (TFGBs). Successive scattering minima associated with dipolar excitation are observed satisfying the first Kerker condition in the scattering spectra of single TiO2 spheres with diameters in the micrometer range. Moreover, at specific wavelengths, the electric and magnetic dipolar scattering amplitudes of the dielectric microspheres simultaneously go close‐to‐zero, leading to the excitation of hybrid optical anapoles with a total scattering intensity ≈ 5 times weaker for TFGB illumination with numerical aperture, NA ≈ 0.95 compared to NA ≈ 0.1. The result pushes the boundary of the observation of nanophotonic phenomena to a new regime with regards to type and size of the materials.
Enhanced Exciton‐to‐Mn2+ Energy Transfer in 3D/0D Cesium–Lead–Chloride Composite Perovskites
Authors: Zhong Chu‐Yao , Li Ladi , Chen Qing , Jiang Kai‐Zhe , Li Fa‐tang , Liu Zhao‐Qing , Chen Yibo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoping cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with Mn2+ brings attractive long‐wavelength emission and flexible color tunability. However, due to multiple competing factors, the exciton‐to‐Mn2+ energy transfer efficiency is low. In this work, a simple structure‐optimization strategy is applied to enhance the exciton‐to‐Mn2+ energy transfer by synthesizing Mn2+ activated 3D/0D Cs–Pb–Cl perovskite composition composed of 3D CsPbCl3 and 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs. The results reveal that the energy transfer efficiency and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the Cs–Pb–Cl composite are 65.3% and 77.3%, respectively, which are 1.4 and 3 times the corresponding values of the single‐phase CsPbCl3:Mn2+ NCs. Based on the detailed experimental and calculation results, the performance enhancement is demonstrated to stem from the optimized growth process of 3D CsPbCl3 NCs when co‐generating with 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs. The strong lattice rigidity of the optimized CsPbCl3 NCs suppresses the nonradiative combination rate of the excitons, thus alleviating the main competing factor of the energy transfer process and improving the energy transfer efficiency. Fabrication of a white light‐emitting diode prototype further illustrates the application potential of the orange‐emitting Cs–Pb–Cl composite NCs for general lighting.
Manipulation of Longitudinally Inhomogeneous Polarization States Empowered by All‐Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Shouxin , Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Xu Hang , Song Chunyu , Li Jitao , Yang Fan , Shi Wei , Zhang Yating , Shen Yun , Yao Jianquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolarization plays a key role in fundamental science, and manipulating the evolutionary trends of longitudinal polarization states can provide new implements for light–matter interaction. However, existing 3D optical devices can only manipulate the polarization conversion in a single transverse plane. Recently, methods to control polarization by cascading bulky optical systems are miniaturized using metasurfaces. Nevertheless, it is quite challenging to generate focused beams with vectorial properties for metasurfaces carrying inhomogeneous polarization profiles. Here, a single‐layer all‐silicon metasurface operating in the terahertz (THz) band is demonstrated to address all those aforementioned challenges in one go, and pencil‐like beams with inhomogeneous polarization profiles can be imparted along the propagation direction. The introduction of a latitudinal polarization control factor representing the initial phase difference enables near‐even manipulation of the evolutionary trend of the longitudinal polarization state according to the extended focal depth. By manipulating the topological charges within two orthogonal circularly polarized channels to accomplish coherent superposition, a focused vortex beam with vectorial properties can be generated in desired planes. Two functional demonstrations based on this approach are established experimentally, offering promising opportunities for structured light on meta‐optics.
Combining a Density Gradient of Biomacromolecular Nanoparticles with Biological Effectors in an Electrospun Fiber‐Based Nerve Guidance Conduit to Promote Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Jin Binghui , Yu Yiling , Lou Chenghao , Zhang Xiaodi , Gong Bowen , Chen Jinghao , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhou Zihan , Zhang Liqun , Xiao Jian , Xue Jiajia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a serious medical problem with limited surgical and clinical treatment options. It is of great significance to integrate multiple guidance cues in one platform of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to promote axonal elongation and functional recovery. Here, a multi‐functional NGC is constructed to promote nerve regeneration by combining ordered topological structure, density gradient of biomacromolecular nanoparticles, and controlled delivery of biological effectors to provide the topographical, haptotactic, and biological cues, respectively. On the surface of aligned polycaprolactone nanofibers, a density gradient of bioactive nanoparticles capable of delivering recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor is deposited. On the graded scaffold, the proliferation of Schwann cells is promoted, and the directional extension of neurites from both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglions is improved in the direction of increasing particle density. After being implanted in vivo for 6 and 12 weeks to repair a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect, the NGC promotes axonal elongation and remyelination, achieving the regeneration of the nerve not only in anatomical structure but also in functional recovery. Taken together, the NGC provides a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration and holds great promise for realizing nerve repair with an efficacy close to autograft.
Scar‐Degrading Endothelial Cells as a Treatment for Advanced Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Peng , Sun Tian , Lyu Cheng , Liang Kaini , Niu Yudi , Zhang Yuying , Cao Chenhui , Xiang Canhong , Du Yanan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is an important feature of liver cirrhosis. Recovery from liver cirrhosis is physiologically challenging, partially due to the ECM in scar tissue showing resistance to cell‐mediated degradation by secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, a cell‐mediated ECM‐degradation screening system (CEDSS) in vitro is constructed for high‐throughput searching for cells with tremendous degradation ability. ECM‐degrading liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (dLSECs) are screened using CEDSS, which exhibit 17 times the ability to degrade collagen when compared to other cells. The degradation ability of dLSECs is mediated by the upregulation of MMP9. In particular, mRNA expression of MMP9 shows an 833‐fold increase in dLSECs compared to normal endothelial cells (nLSECs), and MMP9 is regulated by transcription factor c‐Fos. In vivo, single intrasplenic injection of dLSECs alleviates advanced liver fibrosis in mice, while intraperitoneal administration of liver‐targeting peptide‐modified dLSECs shows enhanced fibrosis‐targeting effects. Degradative human umbilical vein endothelial cells (dHUVECs) prove their enhanced potential of clinical translation. Together, these results highlight the potential of ECM‐degrading endothelial cells in alleviating advanced liver fibrosis, thus providing remarkable insights in the development of ECM‐targeting therapeutics.
Peptide Supramolecular Assembly‐Instructed In Situ Self‐Aggregation for Stratified Targeting Sonodynamic Therapy Enhancement of AIE Luminogens
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Cheng Chen , Qiu Xiaoling , Chen Li , Guo Xun , Luo Yuanli , Wang Jingxue , Wang Junrui , Xie Zhuoyan , Li Pan , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Zhou Zhiyi , Ren Jianli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has attracted substantial scientific attention. However, their antitumor efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is significantly restricted by the poor water solubility and limited treatment depth. Therefore, a novel AIEgens‐involved therapeutic platform with good permeability and bioavailability is urgently required. Herein, supramolecular chemistry is combined with the AIEgen bis‐pyrene (BP) to construct a peptide–AIEgen hybrid nanosystem (PAHN). After intravenous injection, the versatile nanoplatform not only improved the hydrophilicity of BP but also achieved stratified targeting from tumor to mitochondrial and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thus activating caspase‐3 upregulation. Then, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), an alternative modality with high tissue penetrability, is performed to evoke reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for BP. More importantly, since the hydrophilic shell is separated from the nanosystem by the specific cleavage of caspase‐3, the resulting decrease in hydrophilicity induced tight self‐aggregation of PAHN residues in situ, further allowing more absorbed energy to be used for ROS generation under ultrasound irradiation and enhancing SDT efficacy. Moreover, severe oxidative stress resulting from ROS imbalance in the mitochondria initiates the immunogenic cell death process, thus evoking antitumor immunogenicity. This PAHN provides prospective ideas into AIE‐involved antitumor therapy and design of peptide‐AIEgens hybrids.