bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and evaluation of a smoking cessation checklist implemented within Australian cancer services
Authors: Young Alison Luk , Rankin Nicole M. , Whippy Elena , Cooke Skye , Milross Chris , Zielinski Robert , Brennan Hayley , Grand Melissa , Beale Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe detrimental impact of smoking tobacco can be mitigated when cancer patients quit smoking. Smoking cessation clinical pathways are inconsistently implemented within Australian cancer services. The aim of this study was to pilot test and evaluate the reach, adoption, and implementation of a smoking cessation checklist within oncology services.MethodsThe checklist was implemented over a 6‐month period in medical and radiation oncology services at two metropolitan and one rural hospital. The RE‐AIM framework guided the evaluation process. Implementation strategies included training, process mapping, and identifying champions. Evaluation measures included a clinical data audit, surveys, and semi‐structured interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs).ResultsHealthcare professionals (HCPs; N = 63; 41% oncologists, 32% nurses, 27% others) completed 1276 checklists with cancer patients between November 2019 and December 2020. Of the 126 (10%) identified current smokers, 34 (27%) accepted a referral to either Quitline, Nicotine Replacement Therapy, to a general practitioner or dedicated HCP for follow‐up telephone support. There was variation in screening adoption by HCPs across the three hospitals, with 16%, 92% and 89.5% of patients screened respectively. Contextual factors, such as perceived commitment, role identity, and communication processes appeared to influence the outcomes.ConclusionA checklist is a simple, effective, and versatile intervention used to standardise smoking cessation practices in medical and radiation oncology services. The checklist supports standardisation of referral practices to smoking cessation services for cancer patients by either oncologist and/or nurses.
Causes of perinatal deaths in Australia: Slow progress in the preterm period
Authors: Tindal Kirstin , Bimal Gayathri , Flenady Vicki , Gordon Adrienne , Farrell Tanya , Davies‐Tuck Miranda 
Published: March 2022

AimThe majority of perinatal deaths occur in the preterm period; however, current approaches predominantly focus on prevention in the term period. Reducing perinatal deaths in the preterm period is, therefore, key to reducing the rates of perinatal death overall in Australia. The aim was to understand the classifications of causes of preterm stillbirth and neonatal death in Victoria over time and by gestation.Materials and methodsRetrospective study using state‐wide, publicly available data. All births in Victoria between 2010 and 2018 included in the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection, excluding terminations of pregnancy for maternal psychosocial indications, were studied. Differences in causes of preterm perinatal mortality gestation group and over time were determined.ResultsOut of 7977 perinatal deaths reported, 85.9% (n = 6849) were in the preterm period. The most common cause of preterm stillbirths was congenital anomalies (n = 1574, 29.8%), followed by unexplained antepartum deaths (n = 557, 14.2%). The most common cause of preterm neonatal death was spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB; n = 599, 38.2%), followed by congenital anomalies (n = 493, 31.4%). The rate of preterm stillbirths due to hypertension (−14.9% (95% CI −27.1% to −2.7%; P = 0.02)), maternal conditions (−24.1% (95% CI −44.2% to −4.0%; P = 0.03)) and those that were unexplained (−5.4% (95% CI −9.8% to −1.2%; P = 0.02)) decreased per annum between 2010 and 2018. All other classifications did not change significantly over time.ConclusionPrevention of congenital anomalies and sPTB is critical to reducing preterm perinatal mortality. Greater emphasis on understanding causes of preterm deaths through mortality investigations may reduce the proportion of those considered ‘unexplained’.
Glycated haemoglobin and the risk of postoperative complications in people without diabetes: a prospective population‐based study in UK Biobank
Authors: Lam S. , Kumar B. , Loke Y. K. , Orme S. E. , Dhatariya K. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe aim of our study was to clarify the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and postoperative outcomes in people without an existing diagnosis of diabetes. Half a million adults were recruited into the UK Biobank prospective cohort study between March 2006 and October 2010. We divided participants into three groups: no diagnosis of diabetes and HbA1c < 42 mmol.mol−1; no diagnosis of diabetes and elevated HbA1c (≥ 42 mmol.mol−1 with no upper limit); and prevalent diabetes (regardless of HbA1c concentration) at recruitment. We followed up participants by linkage with routinely collected hospital data to determine any surgical procedures undertaken after recruitment and the associated postoperative outcomes. Our main outcome measure was a composite primary outcome of 30‐day major postoperative complications and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of the primary outcome by group. We limited analyses to those who underwent surgery within one year of recruitment (n = 26,653). In a combined effects logistic regression model, participants not known to have diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol.mol−1 had increased odds of the primary outcome (OR [95% CI] 1.43 [1.02–2.02]; p = 0.04), when compared with those without diabetes and HbA1c < 42 mmol.mol−1. This effect was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in a direct effects model with adjustment for hyperglycaemia‐related comorbidity (OR [95% CI] 1.37 [0.97–1.93]; p = 0.07). Elevated pre‐operative HbA1c in people without diabetes may be associated with an increased risk of complications, but the association is likely confounded by end‐organ comorbidity. In contrast to previous evidence, our findings suggest that to prevent adverse postoperative outcomes, optimisation of pre‐existing morbidity should take precedence over reducing HbA1c in people without diabetes.
Vaginal vault prolapse and recurrent surgery: A nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Brunes Malin , Ek Marion , Drca Anna , Söderberg Marie , Bergman Ida , Warnqvist Anna , Johannesson Ulrika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse the recurrence rate is about 30% and the importance of apical support was recently highlighted. In surgical randomized controlled studies, the external validity can be compromised because the surgical outcomes often depend on surgical volume. Therefore, we sought to study outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with vaginal vault prolapse in a nationwide setting with a variety of surgical volumes.Material and methodsThis is a nationwide cohort study. All patients with a vaginal vault prolapse undergoing surgery, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018, were identified from the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery, GynOp. The primary outcome was the frequency of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse surgery within 2 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included patient‐reported vaginal bulging, operative time, estimated blood loss and 1‐year postoperative complications.ResultsIn 1812 patients with vaginal vault prolapse, 538 (30%) had a sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) with graft, 441 (24%) underwent SSLF without graft, and 200 (11%) underwent minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (SCP) or sacrocervicopexy (SCerP). A significantly higher proportion of patients undergoing recurrent pelvic organ prolapse surgery was seen in SSLF without graft than in SSLF with graft (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.6). Patient‐reported sensation of vaginal bulging 1 year after surgery was higher in the SSLF group without graft than in the SSLF group with graft (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8) and in the SCP/SCerP group (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Finally, we found a significantly higher rate of complications 1 year after surgery in SSLF without graft (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.2) and in SSLF with graft (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2) compared with SCP/SCerP.ConclusionsIn patients with vaginal vault prolapse, SSLF without graft was associated with a higher frequency of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse surgery compared with SSLF with graft, and a higher subjective relapse rate compared with SCP/SCerP and SSLF with graft. Additionally, the complication rate 1 year after primary surgery was higher in SSLF both with and without graft than in SCP/SCerP.
Blue vs white light for transurethral resection of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: an abridged Cochrane Review
Authors: Maisch Philipp , Koziarz Alex , Vajgrt Jon , Narayan Vikram , Kim Myung Ha , Dahm Philipp 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of blue‐light (BL)‐enhanced transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) compared to white‐light (WL)‐based TURBT in the treatment of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsBased on a published protocol, we performed a systematic search of multiple databases from their inception to March 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing blue‐light (BL) TURBT to white‐light (WL) TURBT. Our meta‐analysis was based on a random‐effects model. We assessed the quality of evidence on a per‐outcome basis according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe included 16 RCTs involving a total of 4325 participants in this review. BL TURBT may reduce the risk of disease recurrence over time (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.81; low‐certainty evidence) depending on baseline risk. For participants with low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk NMIBC, this corresponded to 48 (66 fewer to 27 fewer), 109 (152 fewer to 59 fewer) and 147 (211 fewer to 76 fewer) fewer recurrences per 1000 participants when compared to WL TURBT, respectively. BL TURBT may also reduce the risk of disease progression over time (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50–0.84; low‐certainty evidence) depending on baseline risk. For participants with low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk NMIBC, this corresponded to 1 (1 fewer to 0 fewer), 17 (25 fewer to 8 fewer), and 56 (81 fewer to 25 fewer) fewer progressions per 1000 participants when compared to WL TURBT, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a favourable impact of BL TURBT on the risk of disease recurrence and progression; however, whether this risk reduction is clinically relevant greatly depends on the baseline risk of patients. We did not find an increase in severe surgical complications with BL cystoscopy, and we did not find any trial evidence on other, non‐surgical adverse events.
Addiction perceptions among users of smokeless or combustible tobacco attending a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Thawal Vaibhav P. , Tzelepis Flora , Ahmadi Sima , Palazzi Kerrin , Paul Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAddiction plays a key role in continued tobacco use. The study assessed association of perceived personal addiction and the perceived addictiveness of different forms of tobacco with type of tobacco product used, demographic characteristics and socio‐cultural factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 607 adult tobacco users with age 18 years and above attending a general medicine out‐patient department was conducted. Participants were asked questions on perceived personal addiction to tobacco use and perception of addiction on tobacco products. Logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between demographic characteristics, type of tobacco, socio‐cultural factors and addiction perceptions.ResultsThe odds of perceived addiction (PA) were lower among smokeless tobacco (SLT) users [OR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.37, 0.89)P = 0.01]. An increase in the odds of PA was seen as age increased [OR (95% CI):1.02 (1.00, 1.03)P = 0.01] and participants with secondary education and above had higher odds of PA compared to participants with no formal education [OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.09, 2.58)P = 0.02]. The odds of perceiving SLT products to be addictive was lower among SLT users [OR (95% CI): 0.48 (0.30, 0.75)P = 0.002)] compared to combustible tobacco users. The odds of perceiving SLT products to be addictive was lower [(OR (95% CI): 0.35 (0.18, 0.67)P = 0.002)] among females. Participants with secondary education and above had higher odds of perceiving combustible [OR (95% CI): 1.80 (1.17, 2.77)P = 0.008)] and SLT products [OR (95% CI): 1.98 (1.20, 3.30)P = 0.008)] to be addictive compared to no schooling.Discussion and ConclusionsThere is a need to raise awareness in India of the addictiveness of tobacco, particularly for users of SLT, younger people and those with less education.
Change in alcohol outcome expectancies from childhood to emerging adulthood: A meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Pinquart Martin , Borgolte Katharina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssuesKnowledge on the development of alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) is relevant because AOE predict change in drinking behaviours. The present meta‐analysis integrates results of longitudinal studies on change in AOE from childhood to emerging adulthood (age 23/24).ApproachA systematic search in electronic databases identified 64 studies that were analysed with three‐level meta‐analyses.Key FindingsAOE about positive and social consequences tended to increase, on average, from childhood to middle or late adolescence, respectively. In contrast, negative AOE declined over time. Change in positive, social and tension reduction AOE were described as an inverted u‐shaped curve. The strongest increase of more than two standard deviation units was observed with regard to social AOE between the age of 7 and 16, followed by small decline in the transition to emerging adulthood.ImplicationsThe meta‐analysis found evidence for strong increases of positive AOE from childhood to middle or late adolescence.ConclusionsThe results inform about reasonable age‐ranges for expectancy‐challenging interventions. To obtain a clearer picture of change in AOE beyond adolescence, longitudinal research is needed on younger children and beyond college age.
Understanding patterns of heterogeneity in executive functioning during adolescence: Evidence from population‐level data
Authors: Chaku Natasha , Barry Kelly , Fowle Jillianne , Hoyt Lindsay Till 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExecutive functioning (EF) is fundamental to positive development. Yet, little is known about how to best characterize constellations of EF skills that may inform disparate associations between EF and behavior during adolescence. In the current study, cross‐validated latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to derive profiles of EF based on measures of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility using data from 11,672 youth (52.2% male, mean age = 9.91 years) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Four meaningful EF profiles emerged from the data representing Average EF, High EF, Low Inhibitory Control, and Low EF. Boys, youth from low‐income households, and early developing youth were more likely to be in profiles distinguished by lower EF. Profile membership also predicted differences in externalizing, internalizing, and other problem behaviors assessed one year later. Findings indicate that youth may have distinct constellations of EF skills, underscoring the need for person‐centered approaches that focus on patterns of individual characteristics.
Short‐ and medium‐run health and literacy impacts of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Guimbeau Amanda , Menon Nidhiya , Musacchio Aldo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the lasting repercussions of the 1918 influenza (‘Spanish Flu’) pandemic on health measures and literacy rates in São Paulo, Brazil, the most populous city in South America today, but significantly poorer a century ago. Leveraging temporal and spatial variation in district‐level estimates of influenza‐related deaths for the 1917–20 time period, combined with a unique database on demographic and literacy outcomes as well as a detailed set of socio‐economic, infrastructure, and regional determinants newly constructed from historical data, we find that the pandemic had significant impacts. In particular, infant mortality and stillbirths rose, sex ratios at birth fell, and there was a marked improvement in male literacy rates for those 15 years and above in 1920. Further analyses reveal that these impacts are most pronounced in districts with older populations, less literate districts, and districts where access to doctors was relatively limited. We find evidence that the male literacy effects persist in 1940. These results highlight that ramifications of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic were experienced for at least two decades after the event in a context where institutions were relatively weak and resources for mitigation were limited.
Collecting badges: Understanding the gold rush for business excellence awards
Authors: Asante Shadrack , Sarpong David , Bi Jianxiang , Mordi Chima 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBusiness excellence awards (BEAs) have become all too commonplace. Entering and winning one has now become part of contemporary organising. However, scholarly work examining these awards remains scattered, with the dominant narrative focusing on what could even be described as the intense obsession with award ceremonies. In this paper, we articulate the mechanisms through which the dual demands for managing competitive pressures and achieving competitive advantage drive organisations to enter these awards. In doing this, we integrate and expand upon prior work to explicate an integrative framework for examining how the interactions between various contextual and environmental factors may induce organisations to enter BEAs and the potential outcomes, particularly for those who win or are shortlisted for these awards. We go on to present a set of propositions constituting a contribution, after which our study's implications for the theory and practice of BEAs are outlined.
Neurological outcomes 1 year after COVID‐19 diagnosis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rass Verena , Beer Ronny , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Lindner Anna , Kofler Mario , Ianosi Bogdan Andrei , Mahlknecht Philipp , Heim Beatrice , Peball Marina , Carbone Federico , Limmert Victoria , Kindl Philipp , Putnina Lauma , Fava Elena , Sahanic Sabina , Sonnweber Thomas , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Wanschitz Julia V. , Zamarian Laura , Djamshidian Atbin , Tancevski Ivan , Weiss Günter , Bellmann‐Weiler Rosa , Kiechl Stefan , Seppi Klaus , Loeffler‐Ragg Judith , Pfausler Bettina , Helbok Raimund 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurological sequelae from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may persist after recovery from acute infection. Here, the aim was to describe the natural history of neurological manifestations over 1 year after COVID‐19.MethodsA prospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study in COVID‐19 survivors was performed. At a 3‐month and 1‐year follow‐up, patients were assessed for neurological impairments by a neurological examination and a standardized test battery including the assessment of hyposmia (16‐item Sniffin' Sticks test), cognitive deficits (Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26) and mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5).ResultsEighty‐one patients were evaluated 1 year after COVID‐19, out of which 76 (94%) patients completed a 3‐month and 1‐year follow‐up. Patients were 54 (47–64) years old and 59% were male. New and persistent neurological disorders were found in 15% (3 months) and 12% (10/81; 1 year). Symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up were reported by 48/81 (59%) patients, including fatigue (38%), concentration difficulties (25%), forgetfulness (25%), sleep disturbances (22%), myalgia (17%), limb weakness (17%), headache (16%), impaired sensation (16%) and hyposmia (15%). Neurological examination revealed findings in 52/81 (64%) patients without improvement over time (3 months, 61%, p = 0.230) including objective hyposmia (Sniffin' Sticks test <13; 51%). Cognitive deficits were apparent in 18%, whereas signs of depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorders were found in 6%, 29% and 10% respectively 1 year after infection. These mental and cognitive disorders had not improved after the 3‐month follow‐up (all p > 0.05).ConclusionOur data indicate that a significant patient number still suffer from neurological sequelae including neuropsychiatric symptoms 1 year after COVID‐19 calling for interdisciplinary management of these patients.
Flexibility in share repurchases: Evidence from UK
Authors: Kulchania Manoj , Sonika Rohit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough firms cite flexibility as important when repurchasing shares, we know little about how or why firms vary repurchases. We use an extensive sample of daily repurchase transactions from the United Kingdom to investigate how the number of repurchase days and volumes of shares repurchased change based on several known motivations. We find that stock price changes, liquidity, leverage, takeover activity and earnings per share targets impact share repurchasing patterns. Further, we compare actual repurchases to alternative share accumulation strategies and find that firms utilize flexibility without paying higher costs.
Characterization of novel lncRNA muscle expression profiles associated with meat quality in beef cattle
Authors: Muniz Maria Malane Magalhães , Simielli Fonseca Larissa Fernanda , Scalez Daiane Cristina Becker , Vega Aroa Suarez , Silva Danielly Beraldo dos Santos , Ferro Jesus Aparecido , Chardulo Artur Loyola , Baldi Fernando , Cánovas Angela , de Albuquerque Lucia Galvão 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify novel lncRNA differentially expressed (DE) between divergent animals for beef tenderness and marbling traits in Nellore cattle. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (of 80 bulls set) for tenderness, tender (n = 10) and tough (n = 10) groups, and marbling trait, high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) groups were used to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA‐Sequencing. For tenderness, 29 lncRNA were DE (p‐value ≤ 0.01) in tough beef animals in relation to tender beef animals. We observed that genic lncRNAs, for example, lncRNA_595.1, were overlapping exonic part of the PICK gene, while lncRNA_3097.2 and lncRNA_3129.5 overlapped intronic part of the genes GADL1 and PSMD6. The lncRNA associated with PICK1, GADL1, and PMD6 genes were enriched in the pathways associated with the ionotropic glutamate receptor, gamma‐aminobutyric acid synthesis, and the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. For marbling, 50 lncRNA were DE (p‐value ≤ 0.01) in high marbling group compared with low marbling animals. The genic lncRNAs, such as lncRNA_3191.1, were overlapped exonic part of the ITGAL gene, and the lncRNA_512.1, lncRNA_3721.1, and lncRNA_41.4 overlapped intronic parts of the KRAS and MASP1 genes. The KRAS and ITGAL genes were enriched in pathways associated with integrin signaling, which is involved in intracellular signals in response to the extracellular matrix, including cell form, mobility, and mediates progression through the cell cycle. In addition, the lincRNAs identified to marbling trait were associated with several genes related to calcium binding, muscle hypertrophy, skeletal muscle, lipase, and oxidative stress response pathways that seem to play a role important in the physiological processes related to meat quality. These findings bring new insights to better understand the biology mechanisms involved in the gene regulation of these traits, which will be valuable for a further investigation of the interactions between lncRNA and mRNAs, and of how these interactions may affect meat quality traits.