bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Interpretation of Speckle Autocorrelation Imaging Through Scattering Media
Authors: Liu Honglin , Lai Puxiang , Gao Jingjing , Liu Zhentao , Shi Jianhong , Han Shensheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh-resolution optical imaging through or within thick scattering media is a long sought after yet unreached goal. In the past decade, the thriving technique developments in wavefront measurement and manipulation do not significantly push the boundary forward. The optical diffusion limit is still a ceiling. In this work, we propose that a scattering medium can be conceptualized as an assembly of randomly packed pinhole cameras and the corresponding speckle pattern as a superposition of randomly shifted pinhole images. The concept is demonstrated through both simulation and experiments, confirming the new perspective to interpret the mechanism of information transmission through scattering media under incoherent illumination. We also analyze the efficiency of single-pinhole and dual-pinhole channels. While in infancy, the proposed method reveals a new perspective to understand imaging and information transmission through scattering media.
A stochastic model of chemorepulsion with additive noise and nonlinear sensitivity
Authors: Chevyrev Ilya , Hambly Ben , Mayorcas Avi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) model for chemorepulsion, with non-linear sensitivity on the one-dimensional torus. By establishing an a priori estimate independent of the initial data, we show that there exists a pathwise unique, global solution to the SPDE. Furthermore, we show that the associated semi-group is Markov and possesses a unique invariant measure, supported on a Hölder–Besov space of positive regularity, which the solution law converges to exponentially fast. The a priori bound also allows us to establish tail estimates on the $$L^p$$

L
p

norm of the invariant measure which are heavier than Gaussian.
High transmittance and grain-orientated alumina ceramics fabricated by adding fine template particles
Authors: Chen Han , Zhao Jin , Shimai Shunzo , Mao Xiaojian , Zhang Jian , Zhou Guohong , Wang Shiwei , Gu Na , Zheng Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransparent Al2O3 ceramics with grains aligned to the c-axis were prepared by adding platelets with a low aspect ratio into fine equiaxed particles. The mixed powders were formed into green bodies using spontaneous coagulation casting and sintered by pressureless sintering and hot-isostatic pressure sintering. Zeta potentials and rheological behavior of the slurries, relative densities of green bodies, and orientation and optical properties of sintered bodies were investigated and discussed. The platelet with a high aspect ratio suppressed densification more seriously during sintering than the one with a low aspect ratio. An excellent oriented structure was obtained when 5 wt% platelets with a low aspect ratio were added, and transparent Al2O3 ceramics with grains aligned to c-axis were successfully prepared; the in-line transmittance was 78.4% at 600 nm, which is the highest one in the currently reported literature.
Taking a closer look at mindful eating: incremental validity and importance of subfacets
Authors: Peitz Diana , Warschburger Petra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mindful eating (ME) seems a promising approach to clarify the underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues. The current study aimed to investigate the incremental validity of this eating-specific approach beyond a generic conception of mindfulness and explore preliminary indication which subfacets of the multidimensional construct ME might be of particular importance in order to study them more precisely and tailor mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues more properly.

Methods
Self-report data (N = 292) were collected online. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness, predicting maladaptive eating (emotional and uncontrolled eating) and consumption of energy-dense food. Multiple regressions were used to examine the impact of the seven different ME subfacets on the very same outcomes.

Results
Findings demonstrated the incremental validity of ME on all outcomes. Generic mindfulness no longer predicted emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, or the consumption of energy-dense food when entering ME. The subfacet ‘non-reactive stance’ predicted all three outcomes significantly. For emotional and uncontrolled eating, the subfacets ‘accepting and non-attached attitude toward one’s own eating experience’, ‘eating in response to awareness of fullness’, and the ‘awareness of eating triggers and motives’ additionally showed a significant influence.

Conclusion
ME seems a valuable approach in clarifying how mindfulness might impact eating and weight-related issues. Beyond that, it might be beneficial for upcoming interventions to strengthen specific ME subfacets, depending on the focused outcomes.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gender-specific soluble α-klotho levels as marker of GH deficiency in children: a case–control study
Authors: Guarnotta V. , Pizzolanti G. , Petrancosta R. , Radellini S. , Baiamonte C. , Giordano C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate circulating soluble α-klotho (sαKL) levels in GHD children before and after 12 months of GH treatment (GHT).

Methods
Auxological and basal metabolic parameters, oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity indices and klotho levels were evaluated before and after 12 months of follow-up in 58 GHD children and 56 healthy controls.

Results
At baseline, GHD children showed significantly lower growth velocity standard deviation score (SDS) (p < 0.001), bone/chronological age ratio (p < 0.001), GH peak and area under the curve (AUC) after arginine test (ARG) (both p < 0.001) and glucagon stimulation test (GST) (p < 0.001 and 0.048, respectively), IGF-1 (p < 0.001), with higher BMI (SDS) (p < 0.001), WC (SDS) (p = 0.003) and sαKL (p < 0.001) than controls. After 12 months of GHT, GHD children showed a significant increase in height (SDS) (p < 0.001), growth velocity (SDS) (p < 0.001), bone/chronological age ratio (p < 0.001) IGF-1 (p < 0.001), fasting insulin (p < 0.001), Homa-IR (p < 0.001) and sαKL (p < 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in BMI (SDS) (p = 0.002) and WC (SDS) (p = 0.038) than baseline. At ROC curve analysis, we identified a sαKL cut-off to discriminate controls and GHD children of 1764.4 pg/mL in females and 1339.4 pg/mL in males.
At multivariate analysis, the independent variables significantly associated with sαKL levels after 12 months of GHT were the oral disposition index (p = 0.004, β = 0.327) and IGF-1 (p = 0.019, β = 0.313).

Conclusions
Gender-related sαKL may be used as a marker of GHD combined to GH and IGF-1. Insulin and IGF-1 are independently associated with sαKL values after 12 months of GHT.
Combining preferences and heuristics in analysing consumer behaviour
Authors: Mir-Artigues Pere 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a seminal model that combines heuristics and preferences to analyse decision-making processes related to the consumption of goods and services. The model has been built by recombining different results from economic psychology and in particular from the research programme called ecological rationality or environment-consistent rationality. With regard to heuristics and their algorithms, in addition to the well-known lexicographic rule, the importance of the heuristics of recognition, weighting and adding, sufficient satisfaction, reciprocity, default choice and imitate-the-majority heuristic in consumer behaviour is underscored. This last heuristic is complemented by the critical mass model and preliminary ideas on the loyalty effect. With respect to preferences, a distinction is made between elementary and final preferences, and between raw and inferential preferences. These two dimensions can be combined, giving rise to a conceptual framework which allows the concept of preferences to be consolidated and expanded. Although much work remains to be done, it should be stressed that this approach could be very fertile in gaining thorough understanding of the determinants of consumption choices.
Potential of remote sensing data to support the seismic safety assessment of reinforced concrete buildings affected by slow-moving landslides
Authors: Mele Annalisa , Miano Andrea , Di Martire Diego , Infante Donato , Ramondini Massimo , Prota Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Different forms of hazard can affect structures throughout their existence. The occurrence of a seismic event in areas exposed to different risks or already affected by other phenomena is highly likely, especially in countries characterized by high seismicity and equally high hydrogeological risk, as Italy. Nevertheless, the seismic safety assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is commonly carried out considering the seismic action only, generally applied to an analytical model, neglecting the stress–strain state induced by previous ongoing phenomena. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of the seismic safety assessment in a multi-hazard analysis, cumulating the action coming from two different hazards: landslide and earthquake. An existing RC building, located in an area affected by an intermittent landslide phenomenon with slow kinematics, that may also be subjected to strong earthquakes, is used as case study. The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) approach is used to monitor the evolution in time of the landslide. DInSAR deformation data are used to detect surface ground movements applied to building foundations. A non-linear static analysis procedure is implemented for the code-based seismic safety assessment, in two different scenarios. The seismic assessment of the case-study building is implemented in a condition of structure deformed only for gravity loads, and, then, in a state of known landslide-induced deformed configuration. A comparison is proposed between the building seismic safety assessment performed in both cases, with or without the consideration of the landslide-induced displacements, showing the importance of a multi-hazard evaluation.
Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between Salivary CRP and Women’s Sexual Desire: An Investigation Across Clinical and Healthy Samples
Authors: Clephane Kirstin , O’Loughlin Julia I. , Bodnar Tamara S. , Wilson M. Claire , Stariha Jordan TB , Craig Amber N. , Weinberg Joanne , Brotto Lori A. , Lorenz Tierney K. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundInflammation has been linked to a variety of mental and physical health outcomes that disproportionately impact women, and which can impair sexual function; thus, there is reason to expect a link between inflammation and women’s sexual functioning.AimTo test the hypothesis that higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general biomarker of inflammation, would predict women’s lower sexual desire.MethodAs 2 independent research teams, we conducted 3 separate studies (total n = 405) that assessed salivary CRP and various measurements of sexual desire in different women populations.OutcomesFemale Sexual Function Index, Sexual Desire Inventory-2, Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, and Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory.ResultsRegardless of the way sexual desire was measured (e.g., state vs trait; general desire vs. desire functioning) and the population sampled (i.e., healthy vs. clinically diagnosed with sexual dysfunction), all the studies revealed null results.Clinical ImplicationsWhile exploratory, the convergence of these null results across studies and researchers suggests that if there is an association between inflammation and women’s sexual desire, it is likely very subtle.Strengths & LimitationsAcross 2 independent research teams, 3 unrelated studies, and various measurements of sexual desire, results were consistent. These points lend to the generalizability of the results. However, study designs were cross-sectional.ConclusionsFuture research may reveal (i) a non-linear threshold effect, such that inflammation does not begin to impact women’s sexual desire until it is at a high level, (ii) inflammatory biomarkers other than CRP might be more sensitive in detecting associations between inflammation and desire, should they exist, or (iii) the mechanisms underlying sexual dysfunction may differ between sexes.
Ejaculatory Function Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sholklapper Tamir , Creswell Michael , Cantalino Jonathan , Markel Michael , Zwart Alan , Danner Malika , Ayoob Marilyn , Yung Thomas , Collins Brian , Kumar Deepak , Aghdam Nima , Rubin Rachel S. , Hankins Ryan , Suy Simeng , Collins Sean 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundEjaculatory dysfunction is an important male quality of life issue which has not yet been studied in the setting of prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).AimThe purpose of this study is to evaluate ejaculatory function following SBRT for prostate cancer.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-one patients on a prospective quality of life study with baseline ejaculatory capacity treated with prostate SBRT from 2013 to 2019 were included in this analysis. Ejaculation was assessed via the Ejaculation Scale (ES-8) from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire. Patients completed the questionnaire at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-SBRT. Elderly patients (Age &gt; 70) and those who received hormonal therapy were excluded from analysis. Patients were treated to 35–36.25 Gy in 5 fractions delivered with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray).OutcomesEjaculatory function was assessed by ES-8 scores (range 4–40) with lower values representing increased interference or annoyance.ResultsMedian age at the time of treatment was 65 years. Median follow up was 24 months (IQR 19–24.5 months). 64.5% of patients had ED at baseline (SHIM &lt; 22). The 2-year anejaculation rate was 15%. Mean composite ES-8 scores showed a decline in the first month following treatment then stabilized: 30.4 (start of treatment); 26.5 (1 month); 27.6 (3 month); 27.0 (6 month); 26.2 (9 month); 25.4 (12 month); 25.0 (18 month) and 25.4 (24 month). White race, higher pre-treatment SHIM (≥22), and higher ES-8 (≥31) at treatment start were significantly associated with a decreased probability of a clinically significant decline. Patient-reported ejaculate volume was significantly reduced at all time points post-SBRT. Ejaculatory discomfort peaked at 1 month and 9 months post-SBRT. Prior to treatment, 8.0% of men reported that they were very to extremely bothered by their ejaculatory dysfunction. The number of patients reporting this concern increased to 14.4% at one year and dropped to 11% at 24-months post-SBRT.Clinical TranslationPatients undergoing prostate SBRT may experience meaningful changes in ejaculatory function and should be counseled on the trajectory of these side effects.Strengths & LimitationsThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. Subjective questionnaire responses captured limited aspects of ejaculatory function in this cohort.ConclusionThe high incidence of moderate to extreme bother in ejaculatory function before and after SBRT suggests a need for novel approaches to improving ejaculation.
How Credible Are Earthquake Predictions Based on TEC Variations?
Authors: Ikuta R. , Oba R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe possible relation between pre‐earthquake processes and ionospheric fluctuations is widely investigated and debated. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment to examine two studies that reported preseismic anomalies in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and argue for the significance of their respective analyses based on statistical evaluations. The first study is that by Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01), who statistically investigated the relationship between 62 M ≥ 6 earthquakes occurred in China over an 18‐year period and the TEC, which was deduced from the Global Ionospheric Map. According to this study, the TEC showed anomalies with specific polarities at certain days and times that preceded the earthquakes. Earthquake alarms they defined based on these anomalies showed a good performance. We conduct this same analysis using random synthetic earthquakes and obtain results that closely match those by Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01), thus indicating that the good performance of the Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01) alarm is an artifact. The second study is that by Le et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010ja015781), who classified the TEC time series into anomalous and non‐anomalous days based on the TEC perturbation. They found that the anomalous day rate increased as the nucleation time of the earthquakes was approached, especially for larger and shallower earthquakes. We conduct the same analysis using random synthetic earthquakes. The anomalous day rate that is comparable to their result occurs in ∼40% of the 1,000 random trials, thereby suggesting that their result may also be an artifact.
A Mesoscale Eddy With Submesoscale Spiral Bands Observed From Seismic Reflection Sections in the Northwind Basin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Yang Shun , Song Haibin , Coakley Bernard , Zhang Kun , Fan Wenhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is well‐known for its large number of mesoscale eddies. We observed a lens‐shaped mesoscale eddy by using two roughly perpendicular multichannel reflection seismic sections collected in the Northwind Basin, Arctic Ocean in late September 2011. This is the first seismic imaging of the water column in the Arctic Ocean. The two lines were acquired about seven days apart. The eddy had a horizontal scale of ∼56 km and extended from near‐surface to 300 m. The thickness of the eddy was ∼250 m. The eddy core, characterized by weak reflections, has a radius of ∼13 km. The volume of core water was ∼89 km3. The horizontal current velocity collected by acoustic Doppler current profiler simultaneously with the seismic data shows that the eddy had a rigid core with a rotation period of ∼26 hr, and max azimuthal velocities of 0.59 m s−1. The velocity outside the core decreased in a quadratic inverse curve with the radius. During the observation, the eddy moved westward with an advection velocity of ∼1 cm s−1, and the net transport of the core water was about 0.05 Sv. There were multi‐arm structures at the boundaries of the eddy, forming submesoscale spiral bands. The steep spiral arms (dip angle can be up to ∼4°) may be caused by eddy stirring. Seismic observations provide important insights into our understanding of the vertical structure of ocean eddies, the horizontal and vertical transport of matter, and fluxes of heat that can cause sea ice melting in the Arctic Ocean.
A Long‐Lasting Precipitation Deficit in South China During Autumn‐Winter 2020/2021: Combined Effect of ENSO and Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Huijun , Li Huixin , Zhou Botao , Duan Mingkeng , Li Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA severe persistent drought occurred in South China during autumn–winter 2020/2021, causing enormous economic losses and severe water shortage in South China. Focusing on this event, this study analyzed the climate anomalies associated with this event, and investigated the underlying mechanisms as well as their relationship with the leading modes of the autumn and winter precipitation in eastern China. The results suggest that the drought in South China during autumn 2020 is mainly attributed to the water vapor divergence anomalies induced by an anomalous anticyclone over eastern China and an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea, which are caused by an anomalous Eurasian atmospheric wave‐train triggered by the negative sea ice anomalies in the Barents Sea‐Kara Sea region and a La Niña‐like condition in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, respectively. The continued drought in South China during winter 2020/2021 is mainly attributed to the water vapor divergence anomalies induced by an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific, which is caused by the continued La Niña‐like condition. The mechanisms of the first two leading modes of autumn precipitation in eastern China both contributed to the drought in South China during autumn 2020, whereas the mechanisms of the first leading mode of winter precipitation in eastern China played an important role in causing the drought in South China during winter 2020/2021. Numerical experiments demonstrate important impact of the ENSO and Arctic sea ice anomalies on the East Asian climate anomalies during autumn–winter 2020/2021.
Randomized study of two endo-knives for the traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Ishigaki Asuka , Nishii Rino , Sugita Osamu , Suzuki Takuto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeedle-type devices, such as the DualKnife (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), are widely used for traction-assisted esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) but require a prolonged operation time. An improved model of the ITknife (Olympus), the ITknife nano, may allow faster and easier ESD than the DualKnife. We conducted a randomized study to compare the performances of the DualKnife and the ITknife nano for traction-assisted esophageal ESD. Patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were eligible for this study. The primary outcome was the total procedure time. The secondary outcomes were submucosal dissection time, en bloc, and complete resection rates, perforation rate, and adverse events. Results Fifty patients were equally divided into two groups: the DualKnife group (D-group) and the ITknife nano group (I-group), and all underwent the assigned treatment. The I-group had significantly shorter total procedure time (36.8 vs. 60.7 min; P < 0.01) and submucosal dissection time (17.2 vs. 35.8 min; P < 0.01) than the D-group. The en bloc and complete resection rates were sufficiently high in both groups (100% and 100% in the D-group and 100% and 96% in the I-group, respectively). Significantly fewer hemostatic procedures due to intraoperative bleeding were performed in the I-group than in the D-group (0.2 vs. 1.4; P < 0.01). Delayed bleeding, perforation, or esophageal stricture did not occur in either group. The ITknife nano exhibited lower procedure time for traction-assisted esophageal ESD than the DualKnife, without increasing adverse events.