bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarized α-synuclein trafficking and transcytosis across brain endothelial cells via Rab7-decorated carriers
Authors: Alam Parvez , Holst Mikkel R. , Lauritsen Line , Nielsen Janni , Nielsen Simone S. E. , Jensen Poul Henning , Brewer Jonathan R. , Otzen Daniel E. , Nielsen Morten S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease is mainly caused by aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. Exchange of α-syn between the brain and peripheral tissues could have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications, but the trafficking mechanism of α-syn across the blood brain-barrier (BBB) remains unclear. In this study, we therefore investigated uptake and transport mechanisms of α-syn monomers and oligomers across an in vitro BBB model system. Both α-syn monomers and oligomers were internalized by primary brain endothelial cells, with increased restriction of oligomeric over monomeric transport. To enlighten the trafficking route of monomeric α-syn in brain endothelial cells, we investigated co-localization of α-syn and intracellular markers of vesicular transport. Here, we observed the highest colocalization with clathrin, Rab7 and VPS35, suggesting a clathrin-dependent internalization, preferentially followed by a late endosome retromer-connected trafficking pathway. Furthermore, STED microscopy revealed monomeric α-syn trafficking via Rab7-decorated carriers. Knockdown of Caveolin1, VPS35, and Rab7 using siRNA did not affect monomeric α-syn uptake into endothelial cells. However, it significantly reduced transcytosis of monomeric α-syn in the luminal-abluminal direction, suggesting a polarized regulation of monomeric α-syn vesicular transport. Our findings suggest a direct role for Rab7 in polarized trafficking of monomeric α-syn across BBB endothelium, and the potential of Rab7 directed trafficking to constitute a target pathway for new therapeutic strategies against Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies.
A tonsillar location of a malignant schwannoma: a case report
Authors: Boujguenna Imane , Ousehal Hind , Zaroual Atmane , Bouderkaoui Mohamed E. L. , Raji Abdelaziz , Bouyaali Chihab , Ganouni Najat Cherif Idrissi El , Fakhri Anass , Rais Hanane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Malignant schwannoma is a malignant tumor of differentiation of Schwann cells or perineural cells.

Observation
The patient was a 74-year-old woman with no particular pathological history. She presented swallowing difficulty of solids and odynophagia, evolving for 1 year. Physical examination revealed a budding tumor of the left palatine tonsil without cervical adenopathy. The CT scan confirmed the lesions and the absence of tumor extensions. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy sample of the tonsil tumor concluded to be a malignant schwannoma. The patient underwent a tonsillectomy with postoperative follow-up.

Discussion
Malignant schwannomas are aggressive tumors. They usually occur in young adults. They mainly affect nerves and soft tissues. Occurrence in the amygdala is rare.

Conclusion
The association of malignant schwannoma of the palatine tonsil and advanced age is rare.
Multiple pathogens and prostate cancer
Authors: Lawson James S. , Glenn Wendy K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this review is to consider whether multiple pathogens have roles in prostate cancer.MethodsWe have reviewed case control studies in which infectious pathogens in prostate cancer were compared to normal and benign prostate tissues. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.ResultsWe confirmed that high risk human papilloma viruses are a probable cause of prostate cancer. We judgedEscherichia coli,Cutibacterium acnes,Neisseria gonorrhoea,Herpes simplex, Epstein Barr virus and Mycoplasmas as each having possible but unproven roles in chronic prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer. We judged Cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and the Polyoma viruses as possible but unlikely to have a role in prostate cancer.Conclusions and actionsThe most influential cause of prostate cancer appears to be infection induced chronic inflammation. Given the high prevalence of prostate cancer it is important for action to can be taken without waiting for additional conclusive evidence. These include:Encouragement of all boys (as well as girls) to have HPV vaccinesThe vigorous use of antibiotics to treat all bacterial pathogens identified in the urogenital tractThe use of antiviral medications to control herpes infectionsEducation about safe sexual practices
The anterior cruciate ligament in murine post-traumatic osteoarthritis: markers and mechanics
Authors: Ramos-Mucci Lorenzo , Elsheikh Ahmed , Keenan Craig , Eliasy Ashkan , D’Aout Kristiaan , Bou-Gharios George , Comerford Eithne , Poulet Blandine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Knee joint injuries, common in athletes, have a high risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Ligaments, matrix-rich connective tissues, play important mechanical functions stabilising the knee joint, and yet their role post-trauma is not understood. Recent studies have shown that ligament extracellular matrix structure is compromised in the early stages of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) and PTOA, but it remains unclear how ligament matrix pathology affects ligament mechanical function. In this study, we aim to investigate both structural and mechanical changes in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a mouse model of knee trauma.

Methods
Knee joints were analysed following non-invasive mechanical loading in male C57BL/6 J mice (10-week-old). Knee joints were analysed for joint space mineralisation to evaluate OA progression, and the ACLs were assessed with histology and mechanical testing.

Results
Joints with PTOA had a 33–46% increase in joint space mineralisation, indicating OA progression. Post-trauma ACLs exhibited extracellular matrix modifications, including COL2 and proteoglycan deposition. Additional changes included cells expressing chondrogenic markers (SOX9 and RUNX2) expanding from the ACL tibial enthesis to the mid-substance. Viscoelastic and mechanical changes in the ACLs from post-trauma knee joints included a 20–21% decrease in tangent modulus at 2 MPa of stress, a decrease in strain rate sensitivity at higher strain rates and an increase in relaxation during stress-relaxation, but no changes to hysteresis and ultimate load to failure were observed.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that ACL pathology and viscoelastic function are compromised in the post-trauma knee joint and reveal an important role of viscoelastic mechanical properties for ligament and potentially knee joint health.
Adenomatoid mesothelioma arising from the diaphragm: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kawabe Kenta , Sato Hiroki , Kitano Akiko , Yoshida Ryuichi , Yasui Kazuya , Umeda Yuzo , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Fuji Tomokazu , Kumano Kenjiro , Takagi Kosei , Kagoura Masaaki , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Adenomatoid mesothelioma is a rare subtype of malignant mesothelioma that can be confused with adenomatoid tumors, which are classified as benign. The clinical features and optimal management of adenomatoid mesothelioma have not been elucidated in the literature. In this report, we present an extremely rare case of adenomatoid mesothelioma that developed on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm as well as a literature review of adenomatoid mesothelioma in the abdominal cavity.

Case presentation
The patient was a 61-year-old Japanese woman who had undergone resection of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the hand 18 years prior. She was diagnosed with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma on follow-up chest radiography. Simultaneously, a 20-mm enhancing nodule with slow growth on the right diaphragm was detected on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. She presented no specific clinical symptoms. At this point, the lesion was suspected to be a hypervascular tumor of borderline malignancy, such as a solitary fibrous tumor. After a left upper lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma, she was referred to our department, and laparoscopic tumor resection was performed. Adenomatoid tumors were also considered based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, but we made the final diagnosis of adenomatoid mesothelioma using the results of the genetic profile. The patient remains alive, with no recurrence noted 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion
We encountered a valuable case of adenomatoid mesothelioma of peritoneal origin. There are some previously reported cases of adenomatoid mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumors that may need to be recategorized according to the current classification. It is important to accumulate and share new findings to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic status of adenomatoid mesothelioma.
Effect of metformin use on clinical outcomes and serum urate in gout patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Veenstra Frouwke , Verhoef Lise M. , Opdam Merel , den Broeder Alfons A. , Kwok Wing-Yee , Meek Inger L. , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. , Flendrie Marcel , van Herwaarden Noortje 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Gout and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) frequently co-exist. The pharmacological effects of metformin may include anti-inflammatory and urate lowering effects. The objective of this study was to test these effects in patients with gout starting uric acid lowering treatment (ULT) in secondary care.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study including patients with gout and DM starting ULT. Differences in the incidence density of gout flares, proportion of patients reaching target sUA in the first six months after starting ULT, and difference in mean allopurinol dose at sUA target were compared between users of metformin and users of other or no anti-diabetic drugs (control group). Correction for confounding was applied.

Results
A total of 307 patients were included, of whom 160 (52.1%) used metformin. The incidence of flares was 1.61 and 1.70 in the first six months for respectively the metformin group and control group. The incidence rate ratio for gout flares was not significant (0.95, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.14). At six months, 62.8% and 54.9% reached target sUA in the metformin and control group respectively, corrected odds ratio of 1.09 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.80). There was no difference in mean allopurinol dose at sUA target 266 mg for metformin users and 236 mg for the control group, difference 30 mg (95% CI − 4.7 to 65.5).

Conclusions
In conclusion we could not confirm a clinically relevant anti-inflammatory or urate lowering effect of metformin in patients starting ULT treatment and receiving usual care flare prophylaxis.
The development and institutional characteristics of China’s built heritage conservation legislation
Authors: Zhang Song 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article reviews comprehensively the emergence and development of China’s national legislative system for cultural heritage, with a particular focus on built heritage. It covers the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the present. The antiquity preservation legislation and policies from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China (ROC) era signify the initial emergence of the state-led legislative system for cultural heritage protection and management. The Interim Regulations on the Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage, passed in 1960, represent the state’s first targeted effort to protect significant historic monuments and sites. The 1982 Cultural Heritage Protection Law (CHPL) established the mechanism for the conservation of Protected Cultural Heritage Sites (PCHS), while the 2008 Regulation on the Conservation of Famous Historic and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages (RCFHCCTV) defined the principles for the conservation and management of historic cities. China’s current jurisdiction for the conservation of cultural heritage is underpinned by legislation such as the CHPL, the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law (ICHL), and the RCFHCCTV. This article analyses the characteristics of the current state legislative system for built heritage conservation and the challenges and constraints regarding urban conservation. It concludes with strategic guidance for improving the legislation for China’s built heritage conservation in the present era of rapid economic development and urban regeneration.
Meditation and yoga impact on dysmenorrhea (MY-ID): a study protocol
Authors: Nayak Shalini G. , George Dr Linu Sara , Assariparambil Anil Raj , George Anice , Rao Dr Kiranmai S , K Dr Annapoorna , Bhat Dr. Vinutha R , N Dr Ravishankar 
Published: May 2022

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent gynecologic condition affecting women, especially adolescent girls. Among adolescents, associated symptoms of dysmenorrhea impact the general health status, negatively influence the quality of life, resulting in school absenteeism and decreased academic performance. This study protocol was developed to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and evaluate the effectiveness of Meditation and Yoga intervention on dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. In phase I, data will be collected from adolescent girls (N» 5000) aged between 13 and 18 years to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and in the second phase, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted to evaluate the impact of Meditation and Yoga on dysmenorrhea. From the first phase, those adolescent girls (N=400) with high pain intensity (numerical pain rating scale ≥ 4) from each school, with schools as clusters, will be assigned to the interventional and control arm. The interventional arm will receive the proposed Meditation and Yoga intervention for 12 weeks under supervision and the control arm will continue with standard routine care. The outcomes such as pain intensity, stress, academic performance, self-efficacy and biomarker levels (Hb, Progesterone, Estrogen, Prostaglandins F2α and E2) will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. Yoga's popularity and medical benefits have grown with the growing interest in alternative and complementary medicine. There is insufficient evidence to support yoga as a treatment for dysmenorrhea symptoms. This research contributes to the evidence on the impact of meditation and yoga on primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls.
Multi-bump solutions for the magnetic Schrödinger–Poisson system with critical growth
Authors: Ji Chao , Zhang Yongde , Rădulescu Vicenţiu 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the following magnetic Schrödinger–Poisson system

{

−
(
∇
+
i
A
(
x
)

)

2

u
+
(
λ
V
(
x
)
+
1
)
u
+
ϕ
u
=
α
f
(

|
u
|

2

)
u
+
|
u

|

4

u
,

in

R

3

,

−
Δ
ϕ
=

u

2

,

in

R

3

,

where
λ
>
0
is a parameter,
f
is a subcritical nonlinearity, the potential
V
:

R

3

→

R

is a continuous function verifying some conditions, the magnetic potential
A
∈

L

l
o
c

2

(

R

3

,

R

3

)

. Assuming that the zero set of
V
(
x
)
has several isolated connected components

Ω

1

,
…
,

Ω

k

such that the interior of

Ω

j

is non-empty and
∂

Ω

j

is smooth, where
j
∈

{

1
,
…
,
k

}

, then for
λ
>
0
large enough, we use the variational methods to show that the above system has at least

2

k

−
1
multi-bump solutions.
Studi Konsentrasi Logam Berat (Pb dan Cu) dari Sumber Lokasi Pertambangan di Perairan Tanah Merah, Bangka Tengah
Authors: Yusuf Muh , Adibrata Sudirman , Irvani Irvani , Pamungkas Aditya , Hudatwi Mu’alimah 
Published: May 2022

Banyaknya aktivitas penambangan timah di Bangka Belitung menyebabkan pencemar logam berat terakumulasi ke badan perairan, salah satunya adalah kegiatan penambangan timah di perairan Tanah Merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April - November 2019 di Pantai Tanah Merah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui konsentrasi polutan logam berat (Pb dan Cu) di perairan tersebut. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling dan melakukan analisis logam berat (Pb dan Cu) serta pemodelan menggunakan MIKE21 untuk mengetahui persebarannya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model sebaran polutan logam berat sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi arus yang dominan berupa arus pasang surut. Model sebaran Pb dan Cu di perairan terkonsentrasi di area sumber pencemar yang telah berada di atas baku mutu air laut dan semakin kecil menjauhi sumber lokasi pertambangan sesuai dengan arah arus perairan. Pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa jarak sebaran terjauh dan arah dari polutan logam berat (Pb dan Cu) di perairan, masing-masing sebesar 7,51 mil (12.086 meter); 6,17 mil (9.929 meter) dengan waktu tempuh 68 dan 62 hari dan arah polutan 330oU. Pola sebaran logam berat yang sangat luas ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktifitas pertambangan tidak direkomendasikan pada lokasi yang berdekatan dengan fishing ground karena efek sebaran logam berat yang berbahaya akan terakumulasi pada biota bahkan ekosistem perairan. The large number of tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung causes heavy metal pollutants to accumulate in water bodies, one of which is tin mining activities in Tanah Merah waters. The research was conducted in April-November 2019 at Tanah Merah Beach, Central Bangka Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of heavy metal pollutants (Pb and Cu) in these water. The research method was carried out by purposive sampling and conducting heavy metal analysis (Pb and Cu) and modeling using MIKE21 to determine the distribution. The results show that the heavy metal pollutant distribution model is strongly influenced by the dominant current conditions in the form of tidal currents. The Pb and Cu distribution model in the waters is concentrated in the pollutant source area that is above the seawater quality standard and is getting smaller away from the source following the direction of the water flow. Modeling shows that the farthest distribution distance and direction of heavy metal pollutants (Pb and Cu) in the water are 7.51 miles (12.086meter) respectively; 6.17 miles (9,929meter) with a travel time of 68 and 62 days and a direction of pollutants of 330o U. This very wide distribution pattern of heavy metals indicates that mining activities are not recommended in locations close to the fishing ground because the effects of dangerous heavy metal distribution will accumulate. in biota and even aquatic ecosystems.
Novel heterozygous FOXN1 mutation identified following newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency is associated with improving immune parameters
Authors: Abrego Fuentes Laura Edith , Garkaby Jenny , Willett Pachul Jessica , Watts-Dickens Abby , Fraser Meghan , Kim Vy H.D. , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Forkhead-box protein N1 (FOXN1) plays a critical role in the proper development and function of thymic epithelial cells, required for T cell ontogeny. Homozygous variants in the FOXN1 gene, encoding FOXN1, cause severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), whereas heterozygous mutations are associated with variable presentations and over time, improving T cell function. Aim: To highlight the importance of broader genetic investigations to attain a definitive molecular diagnosis following abnormal newborn screening for SCID. Methods: Case report of a patient with immunodeficiency due to a novel de novo FOXN1 mutation. Results: The patient was identified following abnormal newborn screening for SCID in which T cell receptor excision circles were absent/very low. Initial immune investigations revealed severe T cell lymphopenia and poor lymphocyte function and she was diagnosed with T-B+NK+SCID. During work-up for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, extensive genetic investigations identified a novel heterozygous mutation in FOXN1. A more conservative management approach was taken, and over the following months, the patient’s immune parameters improved. Conclusion: Newborn screening for SCID has facilitated the detection of SCID, as well as other T cell immunodeficiencies, before infectious complications and organ damage occur. Heterozygous mutations in FOXN1 are associated with more variable presentations including improving immune indices with age. Here, results of genetic investigations were essential for informing the management of this case. Statement of Novelty: We report a novel heterozygous mutation in FOXN1, presenting initially as T-B+NK+ SCID with gradual improvement of immune parameters over time.
Toward long-live ceramic on ceramic hip joints: In vitro investigation of squeaking of coated hip joint with layer-by-layer reinforced PVA coatings
Authors: Almomani Mohammed A. , Fares Mohammad M. , Almesidieen Elham M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study attempts to find a promising solution for the squeaking of ceramic on ceramic (COC) bearing surfaces by introducing reinforced poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) layer-by-layer coatings on the bearing surface of Stryker Trident femoral head. A customized hip simulator was established to provide a realistic simulation of the normal gait (flexion–extension) of the hip joint, and to examine squeaking for coated and uncoated femoral heads. Different characterization techniques were employed to study the coatings’ structure. The PVA macromolecules were successfully cross-linked via epichlorohydrin agent, and chemically bonded onto the surface, forming a superior reinforced PVA coating on the femoral head’s surface. These coatings play a dominant role in increasing the pre-squeaking age of the hip joint due to reduction in hard-on-hard contact and femoral head liner clearance with their good viscoelastic properties. Which cause, damping friction-induced vibrations. This improvement resembles novel-type, long-life, and stable hip joint biomaterials with distinguished and promising pre-squeaking age.
Shift invariance and reflexivity of compressions of multiplication operators
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , Kliś-Garlicka Kamila , Łanucha Bartosz , Ptak Marek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe properties of being shift invariant and being reflexive or transitive in the case of the space of (asymmetric) truncated Toeplitz operators, and the space of (asymmetric) dual truncated operators are investigated. Most of the results obtained are new even for the symmetric case. A characterization of asymmetric dual truncated Toeplitz operators is also given.
Standardization and Interoperability of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) for Disaster Management
Authors: DeVito Marco J. , Wood Erik , Frazier Tim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are many recognized use cases for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in emergency and disaster management, but there are obstacles to the full realization of this technology’s potential. More stringent training and certification requirements for public safety use of sUAS is a crucial step in achieving standardization of operations, a common operational picture, interoperability, increased airspace safety, and public acceptance. The purpose of this study is to move toward standards for public safety sUAS pilot training requirements. This research employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the current state of training requirements and trends in public safety sUAS programs. This included a review of the relevant literature, an analysis of survey data, and a combination of structured and semi-structured interviews. While the literature clearly shows many sUAS emergency management applications, it also identifies dangers that must be mitigated. Synthesizing the literature findings with the survey and interview data resulted in four categories of possible sUAS training standard recommendations: progressive levels of certification, flight time minimums, task-focused practical training, and proficiency demonstrations. These recommendations have both national and international applicability.