bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Prevalence of Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Chen , Haupert Spencer R , Zimmermann Lauren , Shi Xu , Fritsche Lars G , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aims to examine the worldwide prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and iSearch were searched on July 5, 2021 with verification extending to March 13, 2022. Using a random-effects framework with DerSimonian-Laird estimator, we meta-analyzed post-COVID-19 condition prevalence at 28+ days from infection.

Results
Fifty studies were included, and 41 were meta-analyzed. Global estimated pooled prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], .39–.46). Hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients had estimates of 0.54 (95% CI, .44–.63) and 0.34 (95% CI, .25–.46), respectively. Regional prevalence estimates were Asia (0.51; 95% CI, .37–.65), Europe (0.44; 95% CI, .32–.56), and United States of America (0.31; 95% CI, .21–.43). Global prevalence for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after infection were estimated to be 0.37 (95% CI, .26–.49), 0.25 (95% CI, .15–.38), 0.32 (95% CI, .14–.57), and 0.49 (95% CI, .40–.59), respectively. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported with a prevalence of 0.23 (95% CI, .17–.30), followed by memory problems (0.14; 95% CI, .10–.19).

Conclusions
This study finds post-COVID-19 condition prevalence is substantial; the health effects of COVID-19 seem to be prolonged and can exert stress on the healthcare system.
Impact of Preexisting Anti–Adenovirus 26 Humoral Immunity on Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine
Authors: Le Gars Mathieu , Sadoff Jerald , Struyf Frank , Heerwegh Dirk , Truyers Carla , Hendriks Jenny , Gray Glenda , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Goepfert Paul A , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Douoguih Macaya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This secondary analysis of the phase 3 ENSEMBLE trial (NCT04505722) assessed the impact of preexisting humoral immunity to adenovirus 26 (Ad26) on the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S-elicited severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific antibody levels in 380 participants in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States. Among those vaccinated in Brazil and South Africa, 31% and 66%, respectively, had prevaccination serum-neutralizing activity against Ad26, with little preexisting immunity detected in the United States. Vaccine recipients in each country had similar postvaccination spike (S) protein–binding antibody levels, indicating that baseline immunity to Ad26 has no clear impact on vaccine-induced immune responses.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Hyperglycemia in Cats
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Gao Jindong , Huang Kun , Zhao Ya , Hui Xianfeng , Wang Ting , Hu Changmin , Sun Xiaomei , Yang Ying , Wu Chao , Chen Xi , Zou Zhong , Zhao Lian zong , Jin Meilin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Isolated reports of new-onset diabetes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led researchers to hypothesize that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells ex vivo and in vivo. However, existing research lacks experimental evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue. Here, we found that cats infected with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited hyperglycemia. We also detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pancreatic tissues of these cats, and immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in islet cells. SARS-CoV-2 NP and spike proteins were primarily detected in glucagon-positive cells, and most glucagon-positive cells expressed ACE2. Additionally, immune protection experiments conducted on cats showed that blood glucose levels of immunized cats did not increase postchallenge. Our data indicate cat pancreas as a SARS-CoV-2 target and suggest that the infection of glucagon-positive cells could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2–infected cats.
A Recombinant Alpha-Like Protein Subunit Vaccine (GBS-NN) Provides Protection in Murine Models of Group B Streptococcus Infection
Authors: Brokaw Alyssa , Nguyen Shayla , Quach Phoenicia , Orvis Austyn , Furuta Anna , Johansson-Lindbom Bengt , Fischer Per B , Rajagopal Lakshmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) transmission during pregnancy causes preterm labor, stillbirths, fetal injury, or neonatal infections. Rates of adult infections are also rising. The GBS-NN vaccine, engineered by fusing N-terminal domains of GBS Alpha C and Rib proteins, is safe in healthy, nonpregnant women, but further assessment is needed for use during pregnancy. Here, we tested GBS-NN vaccine efficacy using mouse models that recapitulate human GBS infection outcomes.

Methods
Following administration of GBS-NN vaccine or adjuvant, antibody profiles were compared by ELISA. Vaccine efficacy was examined by comparing infection outcomes in GBS-NN vaccinated versus adjuvant controls during systemic and pregnancy-associated infections, and during intranasal infection of neonatal mice following maternal vaccination.

Results
Vaccinated mice had higher GBS-NN–specific IgG titers versus controls. These antibodies bound alpha C and Rib on GBS clinical isolates. Fewer GBS were recovered from systemically challenged vaccinated mice versus controls. Although vaccination did not eliminate GBS during ascending infection in pregnancy, vaccinated dams experienced fewer in utero fetal deaths. Additionally, maternal vaccination prolonged neonatal survival following intranasal GBS challenge.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate GBS-NN vaccine efficacy in murine systemic and perinatal GBS infections and suggest that maternal vaccination facilitates the transfer of protective antibodies to neonates.
Buying influence? Rotating leadership in ASEAN and allocation of Chinese foreign aid
Authors: Lim Taegyun , Kim Sung Eun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
China has expanded its economic footprint in Southeast Asian countries by providing a growing amount of development finance to the region. We examine the allocation of Chinese foreign aid toward Southeast Asian countries exploiting the exogenous variation of rotating leadership within Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN). As the ASEAN Chair possesses the agenda-setting power and represents the organization, China strategically allocates more development aid to the ASEAN Chair to augment its influence in the region. Our analysis of Chinese aid allocation between 2000 and 2017 finds that taking the leadership position at ASEAN appears to be significantly associated with an increase of official development aid flows from China, while other commercial flows are only weakly associated with the leadership position. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the regional context in examining foreign aid allocation and show that a donor can target a regional organization to exert its political influence in the region.
Solidarity through Cynicism? The Influence of Russian Conspiracy Narratives Abroad
Authors: Radnitz Scott 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As conspiracy theories have become a popular form of political discourse worldwide, states have promoted conspiratorial ideas to advance their foreign policy goals. Yet, despite recent attention to the spread of propaganda abroad, scholars have not addressed whether and how conspiracy theories spread across borders. This study assesses this question in the post-Soviet region, by examining the relationship between exposure to Russian state propaganda and belief in conspiracy theories in two countries that border the Russian Federation. Analyzing data from an original survey of Georgia and Kazakhstan indicates that exposure to Russian propaganda through television, social media, or websites has minimal effects on respondents’ endorsement of conspiracy theories. Respondents in Kazakhstan, and especially ethnic Russians, are likely to endorse pro-Russian conspiracy claims that are frequently propagated, owing to preexisting affinities. Yet the most consistent predictor of conspiracy beliefs is alienation from the political system, which occurs independent of foreign media consumption. The findings cast doubt on the ability of states to shape the attitudes of citizens abroad through the media and shine light on the domestic political factors underlying belief in conspiracy theories.
Start with the Human, Technology Comes Later: Values for the Digital Transformation of Peacekeeping
Authors: Hall Lynne , Paracha Samiullah , Hagan-Green Gillian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the United Nations inevitably embarks on the digital transformation of peacekeeping, it raises key questions—‘technology’ or ‘human’ first. This paper argues that narrowly focusing on technical solutions may move this world body closer to a modern infrastructure, but misses it opportunities for bigger, more impactful peacekeeping process improvement. Whereas, starting with ‘humans’ or peacekeepers, their goals and pain points and the context of their interactions, means that solutions are targeting meaningful outcomes, not just new software. Using the value sensitive design approach to technology design, the paper extends its application to peacekeeping by integrating human values and the values instantiated in existing or imagined technical designs. These values were distilled out of a mixed methods study carried out at a peace mission deployed in Africa. Analysis identified four horizontal themes (positive UX, integration, connectivity and privacy) across three use contexts (workplace productivity, personal physical safety and well-being). Core values were being safe, family connection, doing work well and being cared for by their organization. Such human-centred technological interventions will enhance the needed capabilities for the peacekeeping forces to win when they need to and to safely enforce lasting peace in a dominant but non-violent fashion where possible.
Playing With Embodied Social Interaction: A Thematic Review of Experiments on Social Aspects in Gameful Virtual Reality
Authors: Bujić Mila , Macey Anna-Leena , Järvelä Simo , Hamari Juho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been a burgeoning of immersive virtual reality (VR) applications in a variety of shapes, including gameful social VR. Despite a longstanding tradition of studying social factors in gameful computing, this perspective in the specific experiences of VR is only gaining traction. This highly multidisciplinary area of interest is immensely complex with potential consequences on individuals and social groups alike. To aid in constituting and systematizing this area of research from the early days, this paper explores 14 state-of-art publications on experimental research of social aspects in gameful VR. These were analysed predominantly based on the included manipulations and the studied outcomes resulting in the extraction of five and seven thematic wholes, respectively. Finally, based on the findings, four broad avenues to consider were emphasized as suggested paths for a comprehensive future of embodied gameful social VR application and research across a variety of disciplines.
Musical works, types and modal flexibility reconsidered
Authors: Puy Nemesio García-Carril 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGuy Rohrbaugh and Allan Hazlett have provided two arguments against the thesis that musical works are types. In short, they assume that, according to our modal talk and intuitions, musical works are modally flexible entities; since types are modally inflexible entities, musical works are not types. I argue that Rohrbaugh’s and Hazlett’s arguments fail and that the type/token theorist can preserve the truth of our modal claims and intuitions even if types are modally inflexible entities. First, I consider two alternatives for the type/token theorist proposed in recent literature about the topic: the created types’ solution and the created abstract objects’ solution. I argue that none of them is attractive for the type/token theorist because they do not preserve the theoretical advantages of type/token theories to explain musical works’ repeatable nature. Then, I focus on the arguments’ common premise that musical works are modally flexible entities. A deeper analysis of musical practice will show that this premise is not true: our modal claims do not imply that musical works could have had different intrinsic but, instead, extrinsic properties. Finally, I show how the nested types theory may offer a satisfactory explanation of this fact and how it captures the truth of our modal talk about musical works.
Mormon-ish: Negotiating Religious Ambivalence Online
Authors: Tobey Kristen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReporting on responses from a survey of disaffected Mormons who utilize internet resources to manage feelings of distance from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, this article explores the production of religious ambivalence online, arguing that ambivalence is not a default position for those too passive or afraid to leave, nor is it a failure of decisiveness or commitment. Rather, it is a produced religious mode that depends on robust socialization mechanisms to result in a strong sense of personal and collective identity. The online context enables, and indeed requires, an operationalization of religious ambivalence as both a socialization mechanism and a socialization outcome. Site users participate in a process of affective encapsulation, which both echoes and reshapes familiar Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints tropes and practices and allows them to fashion a new understanding of Mormon identity with uncertainty at its center.
Antimicrobial peptide WAM-1: a promising antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drug against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Shi Shiyi , Yao Zhuocheng , Zheng Xiangkuo , Li Wangyang , Zhang Ying , Wang Lingbo , Cao Jianming , Zhou Tieli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) pose a threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides provide a new treatment option for CRKP infections.

Objectives
We studied antibacterial activities of WAM-1 against CRKP in vitro and in vivo and explored its possible mechanism. We verified safety and factors affecting antibacterial effect. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects were investigated.

Methods
We selected eight CRKP and eight carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae to explore the antibacterial activity of WAM-1 by broth microdilution (BMD). The possible mechanism was investigated by alkaline phosphatase leakage and propidium iodide (PI). We evaluated safety of WAM-1 by cytotoxicity and haemolysis and effects of temperature and serum on the antibacterial activity. We investigated in vivo efficacy of WAM-1 by the Galleria mellonella infection model. We investigated the effect of WAM-1 on TNF-α.

Results
BMD showed that WAM-1 had a good antibacterial effect with MICs of 2–4 mg/L and MBCs of 4–8 mg/L. RT–qPCR showed that WAM-1 could inhibit the expression of TNF-α. The cytotoxicity and haemolysis test proved that WAM-1 had certain potential application in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase leakage and PI fluorescence showed that WAM-1 was highly likely to exert an antibacterial effect by destroying bacterial membrane. The G. mellonella infection model suggested that WAM-1 may have a good therapeutic effect in vivo. Temperature had little effect on the activity of WAM-1. Serum, however, reduced WAM-1 activity.

Conclusions
WAM-1 has good antibacterial effect and potential anti-inflammatory effect on infection caused by CRKP.
Estimating the impact of cefuroxime versus cefazolin and amoxicillin/clavulanate use on future collateral resistance: a retrospective comparison
Authors: Chowers Michal , Zehavi Tamir , Gottesman Bat Sheva , Baraz Avi , Nevo Daniel , Obolski Uri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Quantitative estimates of collateral resistance induced by antibiotic use are scarce.

Objectives
To estimate the effects of treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefazolin, compared with cefuroxime, on future resistance to ceftazidime among hospitalized patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients with positive bacterial cultures hospitalized in an Israeli hospital during 2016–19 was conducted. Patients were restricted to those treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefazolin or cefuroxime and re-hospitalized with a positive bacterial culture during the following year. Matching was performed using exact, Mahalanobis and propensity score matching. Each patient in the amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefazolin groups was matched to a single patient from the cefuroxime group, yielding 185:185 and 298:298 matched patients. Logistic regression and the g-formula (standardization) were used to estimate the OR, risk difference (RD) and number needed to harm (NNH).

Results
Cefuroxime induced significantly higher resistance to ceftazidime than amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefazolin; the marginal OR was 1.76 (95% CI = 1.16–2.83) compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate and 1.98 (95% CI = 1.41–2.8) compared with cefazolin and the RD was 0.118 (95% CI = 0.031–0.215) compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate and 0.131 (95% CI = 0.058–0.197) compared with cefazolin. We also estimated the NNH; replacing amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefazolin with cefuroxime would yield ceftazidime resistance in 1 more patient for every 8.5 (95% CI = 4.66–32.14) or 7.6 (95% CI = 5.1–17.3) patients re-hospitalized in the following year, respectively.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefazolin is preferable to cefuroxime, in terms of future collateral resistance. The results presented here are a first step towards quantitative estimations of the ecological damage caused by different antibiotics.
Determination of plasma protein binding of dalbavancin
Authors: Turner Nicholas A , Xu Allan , Zaharoff Smitha , Holland Thomas L , Lodise Thomas P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with a long half-life, making it a promising treatment for infections requiring prolonged therapy, such as complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Free drug concentration is a critical consideration with prolonged treatment, since free concentration–time profiles may best correlate with therapeutic effect. In support of future clinical trials, we aimed to develop a reliable and reproducible assay for measuring free dalbavancin concentrations.

Methods
The ultracentrifugation technique was used to determine free dalbavancin concentrations in plasma at two concentrations (50 and 200 mg/L) in duplicate. Centrifuge tubes and pipette tips were treated for 24 h before use with Tween 80 to assess adsorption. Dalbavancin concentrations were analysed from the plasma samples (total) and middle layer samples (free) by LC/MS/MS with isotopically labelled internal standard. Warfarin served as a positive control with known high protein binding.

Results
Measurement of free dalbavancin was sensitive to adsorption onto plastic. Treatment of tubes and pipette tips with ≥2% Tween 80 effectively prevented drug loss during protein binding experiments. By the ultracentrifugation method, dalbavancin’s protein binding was estimated to be approximately 99%.

Conclusions
Dalbavancin has very high protein binding. Given dalbavancin’s high protein binding, accurate measurement of free dalbavancin concentrations should be a key consideration in future exposure–response studies, especially clinical trials. Future investigations should confirm if the active fraction is best predicted by the free or total fraction.
Drug resistance and genetic transmission characteristics of HIV-1 CRF59_01B in infected patients in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Lan Yun , Li Feng , Li Linghua , Deng Xizi , Li Liya , Li Junbin , Cai Xiaoli , Ling Xuemei , Hu Fengyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To comprehensively analyse the prevalence of drug resistance and the transmission characteristics of CRF59_01B strains in infected patients in Guangdong, China.

Methods
CRF59_01B-infected individuals were recruited, and the HIV-1 pol region was amplified. Drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) and antiretroviral susceptibility were examined using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database to analyse pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR). Genetic transmission networks were extracted from the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree with Cluster Picker and visualized with Cytoscape.

Results
Two hundred and twenty-five CRF59_01B-infected individuals, comprising 35 ART-experienced and 190 ART-naive individuals, were recruited. No patients harboured PI DRMs, 5.33% (12/225) of the patients harboured NRTI DRMs and 11.11% (25/225) of the patients harboured NNRTI DRMs. The overall prevalence of strains with ADR was 51.43% (18/35), while the prevalence of strains with PDR was 2.63% (5/190). A total of 20 transmission networks, involving 25.78% (58/225) database-derived sequences, were identified. The networks ranged in size from 2 to 10 individuals, of which most (55.00%, 11/20) were made up of two individuals. Among the 225 study subjects, 9.78% (22/225) had 1 link and 16.00% (36/225) had ≥2 links.

Conclusions
The overall prevalence of CRF59_01B strains with ADR among the ART-experienced patients was high. Although the overall prevalence of CRF59_01B strains with PDR among the ART-naive patients was low, it is necessary to remain vigilant regarding some important DRMs.
Antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3′)-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) abundance in animal faeces, meat, production environments and human faeces in Europe
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Heederik Dick J J , Scherpenisse Peter , Van Gompel Liese , Luiken Roosmarijn E C , Wadepohl Katharina , Skarżyńska Magdalena , Van Heijnsbergen Eri , Wouters Inge M , Greve Gerdit D , Jongerius-Gortemaker Betty G M , Tersteeg-Zijderveld Monique , Portengen Lützen , Juraschek Katharina , Fischer Jennie , Zając Magdalena , Wasyl Dariusz , Wagenaar Jaap A , Mevius Dik J , Smit Lidwien A M , Schmitt Heike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an affordable method to quantify antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) targets, allowing comparisons of ARG abundance along animal production chains.

Objectives
We present a comparison of ARG abundance across various animal species, production environments and humans in Europe. AMR variation sources were quantified. The correlation of ARG abundance between qPCR data and previously published metagenomic data was assessed.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine European countries, comprising 9572 samples. qPCR was used to quantify abundance of ARGs [aph(3′)-III, erm(B), sul2, tet(W)] and 16S rRNA. Variance component analysis was conducted to explore AMR variation sources. Spearman’s rank correlation of ARG abundance values was evaluated between pooled qPCR data and earlier published pooled metagenomic data.

Results
ARG abundance varied strongly among animal species, environments and humans. This variation was dominated by between-farm variation (pigs) or within-farm variation (broilers, veal calves and turkeys). A decrease in ARG abundance along pig and broiler production chains (‘farm to fork’) was observed. ARG abundance was higher in farmers than in slaughterhouse workers, and lowest in control subjects. ARG abundance showed a high correlation (Spearman’s ρ &gt; 0.7) between qPCR data and metagenomic data of pooled samples.

Conclusions
qPCR analysis is a valuable tool to assess ARG abundance in a large collection of livestock-associated samples. The between-country and between-farm variation of ARG abundance could partially be explained by antimicrobial use and farm biosecurity levels. ARG abundance in human faeces was related to livestock antimicrobial resistance exposure.