bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary creatine nitrate enhances muscle creatine loading and delays postmortem glycolysis of broilers that experienced preslaughter transport
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Xing Tong , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the attenuating effects of dietary creatine nitrate (CrN), a novel form of creatine, on energy expenditure and rapid glycolysis in pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broiler induced by preslaughter transport. A total of 288 Arbor Acres broilers (28 day old) were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments, including a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), 300, 600, or 900 mg/kg CrN for 14 d, respectively. On the day of transportation, the broilers from basal diet group were divided into two equal groups: one group was transported for 0.5 h (Control group) and the other group was transported for 3 h (T3h group). Meanwhile, the birds from GAA and CrN supplementation groups were transported for 3 h (identified as GAA600, CrN300, CrN600, and CrN900 group, respectively). The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of GAA or CrN from 28 to 42 d of age did not significantly affect the growth performance, carcass traits, and textural characteristics (P &gt; 0.05) in PM muscle of transported broilers. Compared with T3h group, GAA600, CrN600, and CrN900 groups increased the pH45min (P &lt; 0.01), and CrN600, CrN900 groups decreased the cooking loss (P &lt; 0.05) of PM muscle. Meanwhile, the muscle of GAA600, CrN600, and CrN900 groups showed a higher glycogen content (P &lt; 0.01) and a lower lactic acid content (P &lt; 0.01). GAA600 and all CrN treatments enhanced muscle Cr content and reduced AMP/ATP ratio (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, GAA600 and all CrN treatments downregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of LKB1 and AMPKα2 (P &lt; 0.001) and the protein expression of p-AMPKαThr172 compared with the T3h group (P &lt; 0.01). All CrN treatments showed lower protein expression levels of LKB1 and p-LKB1Thr189 than those of the T3h group (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with GAA and CrN enhanced the content of muscle creatine, and inhibited transport-induced activation of LKB1/AMPK pathway, which is beneficial for delaying rapid muscle glycolysis and improving meat quality.
Physical and Psychosocial Development
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of adolescent physical and psychosocial development. Such changes happen at an accelerated rate during adolescence. Physical changes include the onset of puberty and the development of a sexually dimorphic body shape. The adolescent’s view of their personal identity and how they relate to the outside world are greatly influenced by these physical changes. Genetic factors strongly influence several personality traits, including tendencies to engage in antisocial behavior and risk for depression. The influence of peers and parents will shape various features of a teenager’s personality. The critical psychosocial challenges of adolescence involve developing a clearer sense of personal and sexual identity and a desire of independence from one’s parents. Other hallmarks of psychosocial development are involvement in romantic relations, risk-taking tendencies, changes in physical activity, and sleep deprivation. Psychological health can be adversely affected by indulgence in social messaging and too much screen time.
Adolescent Brain Development
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adolescents go through significant brain development during their teenage years. This process likely contributes to increased risk taking and lapses in sound decision making but also supports learning and being open to new experiences. A growing research base points to the view that drug use is a harmful activity for youth and that early-onset and frequent use of drugs may disrupt brain development. The “brain under construction” of a teenager is vulnerable to the effects of stress, and in combination with biological risk, adolescence is a period of onset of many mental illnesses. Several cognitive deficits have been linked to early use of alcohol or cannabis; the earlier age of onset of regular use, the worse the neurocognitive outcomes. Also, the risk for addiction for all licit and illicit drugs is greatly increased when a person starts to use a drug during their teen years.
Overview of Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Initiation to substance use peaks at a time when the developing brain may be particularly vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of heavy substance use, highlighting the importance of efforts to prevent substance use. In recent years, the gender gap in rates of substance involvement has narrowed, with females catching up to or surpassing males in rates of use for certain substances, such as tobacco. Cannabis use remains the most frequently used substance by adolescents of a drug that is federally illicit for all of the United States. The rate of its use has been relatively stable over recent years, whereas the rates of use of other illicit drugs are declining. Vaping of nicotine and of cannabis is a new trend among adolescents, which is contributing to health concerns.
Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Addiction occurs when repeated use of drugs changes how a person’s brain functions over time. The transition from voluntary to compulsive drug use reflects changes in the brain’s natural inhibition and reward centers that keep a person from exerting control over the impulse to use drugs even when there are negative consequences—the defining characteristic of addiction. Many adolescent risk factors, including genetic vulnerability, prenatal exposure to alcohol or other drugs, lack of parental supervision or monitoring, a history of physical and/or sexual abuse, and an association with drug-using peers are risk factors that contribute to a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with a substance use disorder. On average, adolescents tend to show a reduction in use following treatment, but post-treatment course is variable. Aftercare helps to maintain treatment gains, and more than one episode of treatment may be needed for some adolescents with more severe substance involvement.
Behavioral Addictions
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Behavioral (or process) addictions, which are defined as addictions when an individual repeatedly engages in a behavior that leads to negative effects on the their ability to function normally in daily life and has a deleterious effect on the person’s overall health. Core features of behavioral addictions are similar to symptoms of a substance use disorder: compulsive-like behavior, continuing of the behavior in the face of negative consequences, and difficulty in cutting back or halting the addictive-like behavior. Behavioral addictions discussed in this chapter are gambling, internet/video gaming, social media, eating, sex, and shopping. Eating disorders are the behavioral addiction most relevant among youth. This domain includes bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating disorder. Many individuals with a behavioral addiction need professional help to address their problem.
Family-Based Treatments
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Family therapies for adolescents with a substance abuse problem are based on the view that family risk factors are the main contributor to the adolescent’s problem. Thus, the teen’s substance abuse problem is a consequence of a larger problem. Family risk factors that are attended to in treatment typically center on poor family communication, lack of or weak effective parenting practices, and poor family connectedness. The predominant and effective family therapies include brief strategic family therapy, functional family therapy, multidimensional family therapy, and multisystemic therapy. The changing landscape of the family in the United States (e.g., increased proportion of single-parent families) poses unique challenges to family therapists.
Diagnostic Issues and Complexities in Autism and Related Conditions
Authors: Volkmar Fred R. , Woodbury-Smith Marc , Macari Suzanne L. , Øien Roald A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the first recognition of autism and Asperger’s disorder, there have been important debates about the boundaries of these conditions and the degree to which they ‘shade off’ into normalcy. These debates have centered on the relevance of a narrow versus broad view of the clinical disorder(s) as well as on the implications of its complex genetic underpinnings and increased knowledge of the social neuroscience of autism and related conditions. With the recognition of the complexity of the genetics of autism there has been much debate regarding the broader autism phenotype and the potential adaptive function of some aspects of the condition. In addition, concerns with boundary issues in relation to cognitive and communicative ability, and the relevance of gender, diverse backgrounds, and cultural issues have all arisen. The current DSM-5 definition was developed using research instruments and has proven overly stringent in important respects. Clarification of these issues will enhance both clinical work and research.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Davis Naomi O. , Carpenter Kimberly L. H. , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show very little symptom-level overlap between the conditions, similar behavioral challenges are evident in individuals with each of these disorders. Clinical questions often arise about whether presenting concerns should be conceptualized as reflecting a primary diagnosis of ASD or ADHD. The current chapter provides guidelines for the differential diagnosis of these disorders. Using clinical case studies, the chapter describes behaviors that may be understood as part of the core symptom domains of ASD and ADHD. Specific suggestions are provided for disentangling the underlying nosology of common behavioral challenges. The chapter ends with recommendations to support differential diagnosis in clinical practice.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Anxiety Disorders
Authors: South Mikle , Brewe Alexis , Kerns Connor M. , White Susan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnxiety is one of the most common co-occurring diagnoses in people with autism, but an overlap in traits between autism and anxiety can complicate diagnosis of both conditions. This chapter reviews commonalities and distinctions that are useful for disambiguating anxiety from autism, including transdiagnostic factors related to emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, sensory processing, and physiological arousal. Clinicians are encouraged to consider the degree of impairment owed specifically to the anxiety, duration, and developmental course of the anxiety-related concerns, and change from baseline functioning and behavior that may be due to anxiety, in determining if a co-occurring diagnosis of an anxiety disorder is warranted. Appropriate attention to the overlap of autism and anxiety traits is essential for effective, ongoing treatment planning.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Stavropoulos Katherine K. M. , Bolourian Yasamin , Gotham Katherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses differential diagnosis between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Though individuals with ASD and/or MDD may present with clinical similarities (e.g. social-communicative challenges and rigid patterns of thinking and behavior), differences are also present. Developmental considerations in the diagnosis and co-occurrence of MDD and ASD are discussed, and particular attention is paid to symptoms manifesting in early life (e.g. birth to 4-years-old). Specific clinical similarities and differences and recommendations for providers are given. A case study is presented to illustrate diagnostic considerations and decision-making. A decision tree is provided to outline diagnostic considerations based on presenting symptoms.
Autism Spectrum Disorders Versus Genetic Syndromes
Authors: Capal Jamie , Jeste Shafali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Approximately 25% of neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, are caused by rare genetic variants and mutations. In fact, genetic testing is the gold standard medical workup for all individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. With the advances in genetic testing, new genes are being discovered daily. This chapter discusses the basis of genetic abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders, reviews clinical features of specific neurogenetic conditions, and outlines the current recommendations for genetic testing of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. The importance of identifying a neurodevelopmental condition, regardless of the underlying genetic etiology, is emphasized, with the goal of leveraging the support of patient advocacy groups, understanding clinical prognosis, and accessing appropriate, often targeted interventions. The chapter concludes with discussion about the promise of precision health for these genetic syndromes and the need for rigorous studies to improve clinical trial readiness.
Roles, Activities, and Opportunities of Behavioral Health Clinicians in Delivering Continuity of Care
Authors: Willis Tiffany , Dowtin LaTrice L. , Acosta Dailyn , Hansen Kara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContinuity of care is vitally important and allows families to feel safe and supported in a frequently changing environment. Mental health services across perinatal/neonatal settings can address parental mental health concerns, infant development, and infant–parent relationships. Although an integrated behavioral health clinician is the preferred model, at minimum a consult/liaison behavioral health clinician (BHC) is recommended in order to adequately meet the needs of infants and their parents across the continuum of care. All fetal care centers, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and NICU follow-up clinics should have a BHC who can develop programming that supports the patient experience and evaluates program outcomes through research and quality improvement projects. The push for BHCs in these settings is central to ensuring the highest potential is reached for infants and families alike.
Quality Improvement and Research Across Fetal and Neonatal Care Settings
Authors: Geller Pamela A. , Albanese Ariana , Grunberg Victoria A. , Chuo John , Patterson Chavis A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFetal care centers, neonatal intensive care units, and neonatal follow-up settings provide a vast and unique frontier for important and novel research. Investigative efforts focusing on psychosocial issues and mental health across fetal and neonatal care settings have surged in recent decades, but additional research is necessary to further identify psychosocial needs of parents, refine and develop evidence-based care for families, better assist with staff education and support, create an evidence base to provide information critical to advocate for staffing and policy changes, and extend knowledge to propel the field forward. This chapter discusses two investigative disciplines—research and quality improvement—and presents their distinctions as well as their synergies and application within fetal and neonatal care settings. This is followed by presentation of key areas that warrant research exploration related to behavioral health issues and an overview of practical considerations for research application in these settings.
Systems Interventions and Program Development
Authors: Klawetter Susanne , Hoffman Jill A. , Roybal Kristi , Hwang Sunah S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parents of high-risk infants experience increased risk for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and other behavioral health conditions, which have short- and long-term consequences for parent and infant outcomes. Integrated care is a promising strategy to address the behavioral health needs of high-risk infants and families in perinatal and pediatric settings. Systems change theories and core components of needs assessment and program evaluation provide guidance for fetal, neonatal, and neonatal intensive care unit follow-up providers wishing to implement integrated care. Understanding the importance of demonstrating the value of integrated care will help providers anticipate and respond to the reality of resource constraints as they reimagine services and programs. Through thoughtful design and evaluation, integrated care approaches hold potential to improve parent and infant health and developmental outcomes.
Operations and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Fischer Elizabeth A. , Cedars KristiLynn R. , Kruper Abbey , Leuthner Steven R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As fetal and neonatal care evolves, increasing attention is brought to bear on maternal, family, and infant mental health. Psychologists and other mental health professionals are increasingly involved in neonatal intensive care unit settings, providing care for infants and families. These settings bring with them unique challenges to clinical care in terms of the day-to-day work of managing patient care, documentation in maternal and infant medical records, and considerations of professional and bioethical standards. As the psychologist’s role evolves, questions arise as to ethical issues and operational procedures. Clinicians may struggle with clarifying therapeutic roles, managing confidentiality and documentation, and understanding the application of ethical and legal rules of conduct. This chapter addresses a number of these concerns and identifies areas of consideration for clinicians who provide care in this environment.
Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Parents of High-Risk Fetuses and Infants
Authors: Meyer Birdie G. , Papierniak Brenda , Raines Christena B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are the most common complications of pregnancy and postpartum, affecting up to 20% of all pregnancies. Mothers with medical complications and parents of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at increased risk for developing a PMAD. Thus, it is imperative for providers to understand symptoms and recognize when a parent is struggling. This chapter describes PMADs by examining the prevalence rates along with risk and protective factors. Case studies are presented to incorporate learning into real-life situations. The chapter helps the readers synthesize the information and increase their understanding of PMADs. Awareness of how medical complications for mother and infant can increase the risk for mood disturbances in pregnancy and postpartum is important clinical knowledge and adds to the overall care and support of parents in the NICU. The chapter also presents ideas worth sharing.
Screening for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Across Settings
Authors: Baughcum Amy E. , Clark Olivia E. , Gillespie Shannon L. , Decker Jeanne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parents whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at greater risk of difficulties in adjustment and coping, including a higher incidence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). The presence of a PMAD is known to influence parent–infant bonding and developmental outcomes. Many organizations have advocated for parental screening for PMADs during pregnancy, as well as during NICU admission and post-discharge, to better identify families at risk and triage psychological care. Screening can be challenging for NICU providers due to constraints in time and resources. Screening protocols must include well-validated measures, trained staff to administer, and clear plans for addressing elevated risk. This highlights the need for the integration of mental health professionals into perinatal settings to help foster resilience in families during this vulnerable time.
Psychotherapy and Medication Interventions for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Across Settings
Authors: Davoudian Teni , Knapp Jacquelyn M. , Weber Lana S. , Cirino Nicole 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Untreated or undertreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) negatively impact mothers and their infants. Impaired maternal–fetal bonding, marital discord, and neuro-affective development issues in children are associated with PMADs. Mothers of medically fragile infants are particularly susceptible to developing PMADs. Evidence-based psychotherapies, such as interpersonal therapy and cognitive–behavioral therapy, are effective in treating anxiety and depression in parents of high-risk infants. Adjunctive modalities, such as peer support groups, can also be effective in reducing perinatal depression. When anxiety and depression do not respond to psychotherapy alone, antidepressants are widely utilized, evidence-based treatments. Major medical organizations throughout the world support the use of medications in pregnant and lactating women because the benefit of treated illness outweighs the risk of untreated illness for the mother and the infant.
Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Coughlin Mary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adversity in childhood negatively impacts health and wellness across the life span. Infants across all gestational ages requiring newborn intensive care are exposed to a myriad of early adverse experiences ranging from painful and stressful procedures to sleep fragmentation, social isolation, and maternal separation. For the family, neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization has been described as a traumatic event that shatters hopes, dreams, and expectations for parenthood. Acknowledging the nature of traumatic experiences endured by infants, families, and clinicians within the setting of intensive critical care assists in identifying and developing strategies aimed at reducing traumatization and re-traumatization while creating effective compassionate caring encounters. Trauma-informed developmental care invites practitioners to move past procedure-driven practices and create a culture of care that focuses on the human experience. This requires a shift in mindset, intention, and language.
Human Milk and Breastfeeding
Authors: Spatz Diane L. , Morris Elizabeth D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of human milk and breastfeeding is a lifesaving medical intervention for infants who are cared for in intensive care units at birth. Despite modest increases in breastfeeding initiation rates in the United States, exclusive human milk rates at 6 months continue to be only approximately 25%. Health care providers must be aware of disparities in breastfeeding rates with many low-income groups and persons of color. The Spatz 10-step model for human milk and breastfeeding in vulnerable infants has been implemented throughout the United States and the world. Key components include, but are not limited to, informed decision-making, establishment and maintenance of milk supply, oral care and feeding of human milk, preparation for discharge, and appropriate follow-up. Breastfeeding has been reported to positively impact mood and stress reactivity, and it can help facilitate maternal sensitivity and secure attachment between mother and infant compared to formula feeding. In this chapter, parental mood and anxiety symptoms related to feeding are explored, and the role of the provision of human milk as a positive intervention strategy is discussed. The entire multidisciplinary team should be involved in helping parents meet their personal goals for the provision of human milk and breastfeeding.