bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and Simple Fabrication of Multimaterial Hierarchical Surfaces Using Acoustic Assembly Photopolymerization (AAP)
Authors: Lichade Ketki M. , Pan Yayue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultimaterial surfaces with hierarchical features have many potential applications in self‐cleaning, droplet manipulation, microfluidics, and biomedicine, owing to their wide range of functionalities induced by structural and material contrasts. Here, a fast and sustainable manufacturing method, acoustic assembly photopolymerization (AAP), is presented for productions of such surfaces. In the novel AAP process, an external acoustic field is used to assemble microparticles to microsized patterns, while the photocuring is combined with the acoustic assembly to produce multilevel hierarchical features, such as cones and wrinkles ranging from nanometer to micrometer. The mechanism underlying the proposed multimaterial surface structuring technique is discussed, and the relationship between process parameters and surface structures is modeled. Effects of surface material composition patterns and surface topology on the hydrodynamic properties are studied. To demonstrate potential applications, three microreactors are designed and automated droplet manipulations are demonstrated. The application of the proposed surface manufacturing approach is further extended to fog harvesting. The AAP technology and the fabricated multimaterial hierarchically‐structured surfaces demonstrated in this study can be employed in many other advanced applications in microfluidics, tissue engineering, and also potentially many other fields such as mechanical systems and battery systems.
A Periodic Wetting Surface Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Postimpact Droplet Collection
Authors: Tan Jie , Fan Zeng , Sun Shulan , Xu Minyi , Jiang Dongyue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of droplet impact is widely observed in nature and industrial processes. No matter the intrinsic wettability (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and superhydrophobic) of the surface, the postimpact droplets tend to rebound or splash. The droplet impact dynamics have been well investigated but the inhibition of the rebounding or splashing of the postimpact droplet requires further exploration. This paper proposes a periodic wetting surface (PWS) driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for efficient postimpact droplet collection. With the high‐voltage electric signal generated from a rotating freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG), the wettability of an interdigital electrodes‐based electrowetting‐on‐dielectric (EWOD) surface can be changed periodically. The droplet impacts on the PWS show oscillating sliding motion that compensates the kinetic energy for droplet rebounding or splashing. As compared to pure hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces, the PWS shows the best droplet collection performance. The effects of the electric signal of the RF‐TENG such as open‐circuit voltage (0.44–3.00 kV) and frequency (0–60 Hz), droplet contents such as ions type and concentration of the droplet on the postimpact droplet collection efficiency are discussed. Finally, a practical application is demonstrated by the TENG driven PWS for real‐time and high‐efficiency collection of multiple postimpact droplets.
Real‐Time Metrology for Roll‐To‐Roll and Advanced Inline Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Maize Kerry , Mi Ye , Cakmak Miko , Shakouri Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoll‐to‐Roll (R2R) manufacturing is changing how state‐of‐the‐art technology is made. Roll‐to‐Roll is part of a family of advanced scalable inline manufacturing techniques that make traditional and state‐of‐the‐art products at high yield and reduced cost. R2R manufacturing has grown rapidly and is fundamental to several advanced technologies such as functional materials and films, sensors for medicine, biology, and environment monitoring, energy harvesting devices, and flexible electronics. Advantages of R2R manufacturing include ease of machine design, adaptability to a wide range of additive processing methods, and very high throughput. To keep up with advances in R2R manufacturing, novel methods have emerged to measure important product metrics (thickness, roughness, conductivity) and monitor quality (uniformity, defects) inline and in real‐time. This review provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art for real‐time inline metrology and quality control in modern R2R manufacturing. The survey considers both established inline metrology techniques such as line‐scan imaging and reflectometry, and techniques recently adapted or that show promise for real‐time inline R2R metrology such as ellipsometry, hyper‐spectral imaging, and Raman spectroscopy.
Direction‐Dependent Janus Metasurface Supported by Waveguide Structure with Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes
Authors: Guo Zi‐Han , Gao Cheng‐Jing , Zhang Hai‐feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel direction‐dependent Janus metasurface (DDJM) supported by waveguide structure (WGS) with surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) modes is proposed. In −z‐direction, linear‐to‐linear (LTL) polarization conversion (PC) can be implemented at the low frequencies by the reflection characteristics of the WGS. And in the +z‐direction, the ultrawideband absorption takes shape due to the SSPP modes, in which strongly localized oscillation of free electrons are confined to the metal–dielectric interface assisted by the WGS. The combination of the WGS and the PC structure finally enables the low‐frequency LTL PC with the high polarization conversion ratio (over 0.9) at 0.87–1.35 THz in −z‐direction, corresponding to the relative bandwidth of 43.24%, as well as the absorption in +z‐direction with an efficiency of over 0.9 in the frequency range of 0.8–1.2 THz. Also the fixed direction‐independent transparent window brought by WGS runs from 1.57 to 1.90 THz when the co‐polarized transmission coefficient exceeds 0.85, occupying a staggered band compared to that of PC or absorption. The favorable properties of the DDJM promise a potential practical application in full‐space electromagnetic wave control and radar stealth technology fields.
Conducting Polymer Based Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Chemical Sensors and Their Suitability for Detecting Food Spoilage
Authors: Preethichandra D. M. G. , Gholami Mahnaz D. , Izake Emad L. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Sonar Prashant 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood security is critical for the sustainability of society. The spoilage of stocked food is an ongoing problem that causes significant losses to the global economy. Novel portable analytical platforms that provide timely information on the condition of food stock can support informed decision‐making on the safety of food consumption as well as on maximization of food storage lifetime. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two of the major harmful gases that are produced due to bacteria activity during the food spoilage process. The timely detection of these gases in food stocks has vital importance to human health. In this review article, the recent progress of conducting polymer based NH3 and H2S gas sensors including sensor device prototypes, their sensing mechanisms, materials and methodologies for sensor fabrication, and their suitability for the development of consumer electronic devices for food spoilage detection are highlighted.
Hybrid Opto‐Thermocycler for RT‐qPCR Detects SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Guevara‐Pantoja Pablo E , Rodriguez‐Moncayo Roberto , Chavez‐Pineda Oriana G , Cedillo‐Alcantar Diana F , Reynoso‐Hernandez Keziah B , Ramirez‐Pool Jose A , Nuñez‐Muñoz Leandro A , Xoconostle‐Cazares Beatriz , Garcia‐Cordero Jose L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) is the gold standard for detecting the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) and other pathogens, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has highlighted the scarcity of instruments, devices, and reagents for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in constrained settings. At least for under‐resourced countries, it has become critical to deploy instruments that can be rapidly constructed and satisfy this demand. Instead of separating the optical system from the thermal module (typical of qPCR thermocyclers), we report a portable Hybrid Opto‐Thermocycler—dubbed HybOT Cycler—that takes advantage of the high‐temperature tolerances (>100 °C) of electronic and optical components to combine thermal control, illumination, and fluorescence detection into a highly integrated hybrid module. This simple configuration allowed us to reduce the overall number of components, thus simplifying its assembly and reducing the instrument size. The HybOT Cycler is wirelessly controlled from an application installed in a tablet. PCR assays are carried out in a bubble‐free microfluidic device that can be easily replicated from an acrylic mold. Using the HybOT Cycler, down to 100 copies/µL of genetic material of the virus SARS‐CoV‐2 with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity is detected. The HybOT Cycler can assist in diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2 and other pathogens in resource‐poor settings.
Paper‐Based Bacterial Lysis Enables Sample‐to‐Answer Home‐based DNA Testing
Authors: Chondrogiannis Georgios , Réu Pedro , Hamedi Mahiar M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the gold standard for infectious disease diagnostics. Currently NAATs are mainly limited to centralized laboratories, while paper‐based antigen tests are used for rapid home‐based diagnostics. DNA extraction, the initial sample preparation step in NAATs, remains a bottleneck that hinders its development toward home‐based kits. This step requires the use of compounds detrimental to the enzymes in downstream DNA amplification. Here, this work overcomes this bottleneck by immobilizing the enzyme achromopeptidase (ACP) on nitrocellulose, to both store and enable the separation of the enzymes from the other steps. This work provides proof‐of‐concept that immobilized ACP is effective at lysis and release of amplifiable DNA from gram‐positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and enables the use of the lysate directly for DNA amplification, without the need for heat deactivation of the enzyme. This sample preparation method requires only incubation at 37 °C and mild agitation, which allows to implement it with fully disposable and affordable equipment. Consequently, this work enables to combine the paper‐based DNA extraction method with the isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) followed by lateral flow detection to demonstrate a sample‐to‐answer NAAT packaged as an instrument free self‐test kit expanding the capabilities of home‐testing beyond antigen tests.
Wearable Supercapacitive Temperature Sensors with High Accuracy Based on Ionically Conductive Organogel and Macro‐Kirigami Electrode
Authors: Yu Yuyan , Peng Shuhua , Islam Mohammad , Wu Shuying , Wang Chun H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWearable temperature sensors with high accuracy are critical for human health monitoring. Ideally, they should show accuracy matching that of medical‐grade thermometers (i.e., ± ≈0.1–0.2 °C). Achieving this goal has proven challenging for sensors that must also meet key wearable requirements, such as flexibility, stretchability, and breathability. Herein, a new stretchable supercapacitive temperature sensor with a resolution of ±0.2 °C, is presented, which was achieved by. Two new strategies to increase temperature sensitivity and minimize the interferences of mechanical stretching and pressure: a) synthesizing an ion‐conductive NaCl‐organogel to serve as the redox‐active separator to increase sensitivity and suppress interference of compression; and b) using a kirigami design to decrease the interference of stretch and improve breathability. These two novel strategies endow the supercapacitive temperature sensors with a temperature accuracy of ±0.2 °C and exceptionally high sensitivity of 0.095 °C−1, which is more than 13 times higher than traditional dielectric‐capacitive sensors. The potential of the supercapacitive sensor in measuring body temperature is demonstrated by continuously monitoring skin temperatures under a medical compression garment that exerts pressure on the skin and the unsteady wrist flexion. The findings confirm that the organogel‐based supercapacitive sensors offer an extraordinary temperature accuracy significantly better than wearable sensors reported in the literature. The combined characteristics of high resolution, linearity, breathability, and stretchability make this sensor a promising candidate for skin‐interfaced health monitoring devices.
Highly Stretchable and Conductive Carbon Thread Incorporated into Elastic Rubber for Wearable Real‐Time Monitoring of Sweat During Stretching Exercise
Authors: Kim Seo Jin , Kil Min Sik , Park Hong Jun , Yoon Jo Hee , Kim Jueun , Bae Nam Ho , Lee Kyoung G. , Choi Bong Gill 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWearable sweat sensors with excellent stretchability and sensing performance attracted significant attention in the real‐time monitoring of physiological data on human sweat. However, most stretchable sweat sensors suffer from low sensitivity at high strains, and the fabrication methods are complicated and time‐consuming. In this study, a highly stretchable sensor by incorporating carbon thread into an elastomeric substrate using a 3D‐printed mold based on a wave pattern in an efficient and easy process is developed. As target biomarkers, sodium ion detecting electrochemical sensors are investigated, and these sensors exhibited high sensing performance of sensitivity, repeatability, selectivity, and stability. In particular, the sensor exhibited highly stable sensing performances even under a high strain of 300% and during a fatigue test of 10 000 stretching and releasing cycles at 300% strain. The real‐time monitoring performance of the stretchable sensor integrated with a wireless electronic module is further demonstrated by conducting on‐body tests of the subject's different physical activities of regular cycling, combined seated rowing and cycling, and treadmill running exercises.
Race‐Track Type Resonator Integrated Active Add‐Drop Filter from Flexible Organic Crystals: Experiments and Numerical Calculations
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Mamonov Evgeniy , Murzina Tatiana , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe success of silicon photonics stems from the ability to design, simulate, and construct optical components and their optical performance simultaneously. However, poor mechanical compliance of Si‐based materials demands alternative photonic materials. The recent development of mechanically flexible organic waveguides as reliable photonic material platform is quite promising. Herein, the design and fabrication of a race‐track type resonator based add‐drop filter (ADF) from elastically bendable 9,10‐dibromoanthracene (DBA) crystals are reported. The elastic DBA microcrystals exhibit pseudo‐plasticity on a substrate facilitating the fabrication of race‐track type resonator and ADF via mechanophotonics technique. Photonic investigations of the circuit reveal its spectral filtering ability. These experimental observations confirmed by FDTD modelling support the unique abilities of organic optical elements for photonic device applications.
Novel Low‐Latency T‐Latch with Minimum Number of Cells in QCA Technology
Authors: Gholami Mohammad , Amirzadeh Zaman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs an alternative to nanoelectronic devices, the quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) offer new opportunities to design high‐level algorithms and architectures. Using parallel processing, high speed, and low energy consumption, this emerging technology is very suitable and efficient for operational needs that require a large amount of computing and are often time consuming. In this paper, a new and optimal T‐latch design is introduced. The proposed latch structure has less occupied area and energy consumption than the existing implementation methods. In the proposed T‐latch the cell, area and energy consumption are reduced by 9.52%, 6.45%, and 19.67% compared to the best previous designs, respectively. Also, in this article, the T‐latch with reset and T‐latch with set/reset terminals are designed. Then, using the proposed T‐latch, various other latches are designed to ensure the correct operation of the designed T‐latch. Finally, to show that the proposed latch works properly in more complex circuits, they are used in the design of 1‐bit, 4‐bit, andn‐bit counters and the results of the simulations show the proper operation of the circuit. The proposed methods are simulated using the QCADesigner software and compared with other designs in terms of cell number, area, and energy consumption.
Wavy Whiskers in Wakes: Explaining the Trail‐Tracking Capabilities of Whisker Arrays on Seal Muzzles
Authors: Zheng Xingwen , Kamat Amar M. , Cao Ming , Kottapalli Ajay Giri Prakash 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeals can detect prey up to 180 m away using only their flow‐sensing whiskers. The unique undulating morphology of Phocid seal whiskers reduces vortex‐induced vibrations (VIVs), rendering seals highly sensitive to biologically relevant flow stimuli. In this work, digital models of harbor and grey seal whiskers are extracted using 3D scanning and a mathematical framework that accurately recreates their undulating geometry is proposed. Through fluid–structure interaction studies and experimental investigations involving a whisker array mounted on 3D‐printed microelectromechanical systems sensors, the vibration characteristics of the whisker array and the interaction between neighboring whiskers in steady flows and fish‐wake‐like vortices are explained for the first time. Results reveal that the downstream vortices intensity and resulting VIVs are consistently lower for grey than harbor seal whiskers and a smooth cylinder, suggesting that the grey seal whisker geometry can be an ideal template for the biomimetic design of VIV‐resistant underwater structures. In addition, neighboring whiskers in an array influence one another by resulting in greater flow vorticity fluctuation and distribution area, thus causing increased vibrations than an isolated whisker, which indicates the possibility of a signal‐strengthening effect in whisker arrays.
Polyamines Promote Aragonite Nucleation and Generate Biomimetic Structures
Authors: Nahi Ouassef , Kulak Alexander N. , Zhang Shuheng , He Xuefeng , Aslam Zabeada , Ilett Martha A. , Ford Ian J. , Darkins Robert , Meldrum Fiona C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCalcium carbonate biomineralization is remarkable for the ability of organisms to produce calcite or aragonite with perfect fidelity, where this is commonly attributed to specific anionic biomacromolecules. However, it is proven difficult to mimic this behavior using synthetic or biogenic anionic organic molecules. Here, it is shown that cationic polyamines ranging from small molecules to large polyelectrolytes can exert exceptional control over calcium carbonate polymorph, promoting aragonite nucleation at extremely low concentrations but suppressing its growth at high concentrations, such that calcite or vaterite form. The aragonite crystals form via particle assembly, giving nanoparticulate structures analogous to biogenic aragonite, and subsequent growth yields stacked aragonite platelets comparable to structures seen in developing nacre. This mechanism of polymorph selectivity is captured in a theoretical model based on these competing nucleation and growth effects and is completely distinct from the activity of magnesium ions, which generate aragonite by inhibiting calcite. Profiting from these contrasting mechanisms, it is then demonstrated that polyamines and magnesium ions can be combined to give unprecedented control over aragonite formation. These results give insight into calcite/aragonite polymorphism and raise the possibility that organisms may exploit both amine‐rich organic molecules and magnesium ions in controlling calcium carbonate polymorph.
NADPH Selective Depletion Nanomedicine‐Mediated Radio‐Immunometabolism Regulation for Strengthening Anti‐PDL1 Therapy against TNBC
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Di , Jin Lin , Ren Xuechun , Ouyang Yanan , Zhou Ying , He Xinyu , Jia Liangliang , Tian Zhongmin , Wu Dingcai , Yang Zhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnti‐PD(L)1 immunotherapy recently arises as an effective treatment against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) but is only applicable to a small portion of TNBC patients due to the low PD‐L1 expression and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these challenges, a multifunctional “drug‐like” copolymer that possesses the auto‐changeable upper critical solution temperature and the capacity of scavenging reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inside tumor cells is synthesized and employed to develop a hypoxia‐targeted and BMS202 (small molecule antagonist of PD‐1/PD‐L1 interactions)‐loaded nanomedicine (BMS202@HZP NPs), combining the anti‐PD‐L1 therapy and the low‐dose radiotherapy (LDRT) against TNBC. In addition to the controlled release of BMS202 in the hypoxic TNBC, BMS202@HZP NPs benefit the LDRT by upregulating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, the primary cellular source for NADPH) of TME whereas scavenging the NADPH inside tumor cells. As a result, the BMS202@HZP NPs‐mediated LDRT upregulate the PD‐L1 expression of tumor to promote anti‐PD‐L1 therapy response while reprogramming the immunometabolism of TME to alleviate its immunosuppression. This innovative nanomedicine‐mediated radio‐immunometabolism regulation provides a promising strategy to reinforce the anti‐PD‐L1 therapy against TNBC.
High‐Quality Artery Monitoring and Pathology Imaging Achieved by High‐Performance Synchronous Electrical and Optical Output of Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetector
Authors: He Zeyu , Du Xiaoyang , Zheng Caijun , Yu Xin , Lin Hui , Tao Silu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared organic photodetectors (NIR‐OPDs) are significant technologies in emerging biomedicine applications for uniquely wearable, noninvasive, low‐cost advantages. However, biosignals are weak and changing rapidly so practical biodetection and bioimaging are still challenging for NIR‐OPDs. Herein, high‐performance NIR‐OPDs with synchronous optical output are realized by recombining anode‐injected electrons with photogenerated holes on emitters. Owing to high detection performance of 4.5 × 1012 Jones detectivity and 120 kHz −3 dB bandwidth, five arteries are monitored by transmission‐type method and cardiac cycle is analyzed. Importantly, the synchronous optical output is direct emission demonstrating outstanding photon conversion efficiency approaching 20% and luminance signal‐to‐noise ratio over 8000. Consequently, pathology imaging is directly developed without complex readout circuits and arrays from which squamous metaplasia of cervix and carcinoma of large intestine are observed clearly. The NIR‐OPD demonstrates strategies for high‐performance synchronous electrical/optical output and directly imaging. Biomedicine applications implemented here are high level, representing important steps for NIR‐OPDs toward providing clues for clinical diagnosis.