bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in preterm pregnant women receiving antenatal steroids
Authors: Naheed Saniya , Guftaar Sajida , Shahwar Dure , Gul Seema , Jamil Mahwash , Akram Ayesha 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of transient hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in preterm pregnant women receiving antenatal steroids.
METHODOLOGY:This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Maternal and Child Health Center unit 1 (MCH-1) at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan from January 2017 till August 2017. A total of 365 pregnant women presenting to emergency and outpatient department with preterm labor (alive morphologically normal babies), with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and other conditions which require early delivery including preeclampsia, IUGR requiring preterm delivery, severe oligohydramnios, antepartum hemorrhage(APH), women receiving two doses dexamethasone and all those with BSR>126mg/dl were included in the study. Multiple pregnancies, advanced preterm labor (cervix > 5cm dilated), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type I/II diabetes mellitus (DM), chorioamnionitis and taking any medication that affects glucose metabolism were excluded from the study. After ethical approval, informed consent was taken from study participants. Blood sugar levels before the commencement of 1st dose of dexamethasone were noted. Blood sugar profile (fasting, 2 hours after lunch, 2 hours after dinner) were carried out. 2nd dose of dexamethasone was given after 12 hours of 1st dose. Profile was carried out till euglycemia or 5 days if sugars remain deranged. Patients having deranged levels for greater than 5 days were advised 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and labelled as having impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS: In our study, 57.57%(n=213) were between 18-30 years, 42.43%(n=157) were between 31-40 years of age, mean age was calculated as 28.92+5.54 while mean gestational age was 31.19+1.92 weeks. Frequency of transient hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in preterm pregnant women receiving antenatal steroids revealed 62.16%(n=230) had transient hyperglycemia, 9.46%(n=35) had impaired glucose tolerance, 2.16%(n=8) had gestational diabetes and 26.22%(n=97) had no blood glucose abnormality.

CONCLUSION: We concluded that the frequency of abnormal glucose levels increases in preterm pregnant women receiving antenatal steroids. Therefore, single blood sugar level done routinely before dexamethasone therapy are insufficient to judge the glucose metabolic status and should be closely monitored during the use of antenatal corticosteroids.
KEYWORDS:
Preterm delivery, antenatal steroids, transient hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)
Effect of Ajwa date seed powder on visceral fat depots and inflammatory response in high fat fed Sprague Dawley female rats.
Authors: Farhana Yasmin Bhatti  , Fariha Ahmad Khan  , Rehan Abdul Mudabbir , Zoobia Irum  , Sadia Chiragh  
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: Central obesity a worldwide metabolic and cosmetic problem poses significant health risk. Ajwa date seed has antioxidant property and its high fiber content may prevent fat absorption and reduce fat deposition.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Ajwa date seed powder on visceral fat depots and inflammatory response in high fat fed Sprague Dawley female rats.
Methodology: Thirty-six healthy rats of four weeks age were divided into three groups and followed for 12 weeks. Group A (normal control) received regular diet. Group B (HFD control) received high fat diet, while group C (HFD+Ajwa group) received high fat diet along with 2% Ajwa date seed powder. Body weight was measured weekly. Blood sample was drawn for the estimation of serum IL-6 and leptin levels by ELISA method at 12th week. After which rats were euthanized; perinephric fat was removed and weighed in grams.
Results: HFD+Ajwa group gained less body weight as compared to HFD control group (p value = 0.012). There was a remarkable reduction in perinephric fat weight (p value ≤ 0.001) and level of IL-6 in HFD+Ajwa group (p value ≤ 0.001) as compared to HFD control. There was no significant difference in serum leptin level of the rats of all groups (p value = 0.567).
Conclusion: Ajwa date seed can prevent visceral adiposity and gain in body weight. Moreover, it has anti-inflammatory effect; but no significant effect on satiety hormone.
Key Words: Obesity, Visceral fat, P. dactylifera L (Ajwa date) seed, IL-6, Leptin.
Non-Motor Symptoms and their associated factors in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Qayyum Wajeeha , Khan Sohail , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Khan Muhammad Fozan , Yousafzai Zaland Ahmed , Jan Fawad 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To find the frequency of Non Motor Symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and describe their association with different factors like age, gender and duration of disease.

Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar for the period of 1year. All patients of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) were included. 13 Non motor symptoms (NMS) were evaluated and noted in predesigned proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 22.

Results: Mean Age was 62.10±10.01 years. 58.82%(n=40) were males. 47.05%(n=32) belong to urban residence. Mean duration of illness was 4.52±3.82 years. NMS were found in 100% (n=68) patients. Among NMS, sleep disturbance was the most common symptom found in 77.9% (n=53) followed by constipation that was present in 75%(n=51) of patients. Depression was significantly associated with advance age (P value 0.01) and in those taking treatment of motor symptoms of PD (P value 0.02). Perspiration was significantly more with longer duration of illness (P value 0.006) and advance age (P value 0.04). Orthostatic hypotension was associated with longer duration of disease. (P value 0.04) There was no other significant association found.

Conclusion: NMS were seen in all the patients presenting to Neurology OPD in our study. The most common NMS was sleep disturbance followed by constipation and depression. Autonomic disturbance were associated with longer disease duration while depression was associated with old age.
Internet Use and Its Addiction Among Medical Students in Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Memon Dr. Tariq Feroz , Baloch Dr. Ghulam Hussain , Khan Dr. Muhammad Talha , Dr. Ferrukh Zehravi  , Soomro Dr. Munawar Hussain , Motlani Jehanzaib 
Published: December 2021

Background: With the advances in information and technology, internet addiction appears as a serious obsessive condition that has numerous dreadful effects on human physical and mental health. The objective of the study was to determine the level of internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of Isra University, Hyderabad.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Isra University, Hyderabad from August to December 2019. All medical (MBBS) undergraduate students of either sex were included. A stratified sampling technique was used for the selection of participants. A structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire for the internet addiction test was adopted from Dr. Kimberly Young and used for the collection of participant’s information and measurement of their level of addiction.
Results: A total of 263 undergraduate medical students participated in the study. The majority (56.65%) were males while 51.71% were from the age group 21-22 years. Over two-thirds (85.17%) of participants were found to be internet addicts. Of these internet addicts, 63.84% were mild or minimal internet addicts while 12.05% were severely addicted participants. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between gender, age groups, year of study, and current residential status of participants.
Conclusion: Internet addiction was highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students, specially in the age group (19-20) years, hostlers, 2nd year of study and males
Psychological Impact of Covid-19 on Dental Surgeons and Students
Authors: Kanwal Zulfiqar  , Zarnab Rizwan  , Syed Hamza Zia  , Ghina Rizwan  , Owais Khalid Durrani  , Ulfat Bashir Raja  
Published: December 2021

Background: Since the start of January 2020, COVID-19, has been a serious health risk concerning the wellbeing and welfare of people worldwide. Health care workers are prone to more psychological problems because of their direct contact with infectious patients. Owing to the disruption of educational activities worldwide, stress was common among students. The objective of this study was to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental surgeons and dental students.
Methods: The survey was conducted at Islamic International Dental Hospital form February 2021 to July 2021. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent to students and dental surgeons, however 340 completely filled questionnaires were returned. Questionnaire using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the psychological influence. Data was compiled and independent sample t -test and Pearson’s correlation were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 23 to determine difference of means considering p<0.05 as cut off for significance.
Results: The means of stress score, anxiety score and depression were 2.24+0.5, 3.56 +0.06 and 2.83+0.06 respectively. Pearson’s correlation among the dimensions of DAS scale showed that Depression, Anxiety and Stress were positively and significantly correlated with each other.
Conclusion: There were high levels of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among dental students during COVID-19 Pandemic.
Jenis Dan Struktur Tropik Level Ikan Di Danau Tempe Kabupaten Soppeng Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Umar Nur Asia , Hatta Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian berjudul Jenis dan Struktur Trofik Level Ikan di Danau Tempe Kabupaten Soppeng Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang dilakukan selama 4 bulan penelitian (Februari, maret, April dan Juni) tahun 2017, bertujuan untuk mengetahui transfer energy di perairan Danau tempe berjalan sesuai dengan sistem jejaring makanan dan manfaat penelitian ini untuk pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan yang optimal dan berkelanjutan diperairan Danau Tempe. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa struktur trifik level Beberapa ikan yang tertangkap di perairan Danau Tempe adalah minimum 2 dan maksimum berfarisasi menurut jenis ikan dan waktu pengamatan. Disimpulkan bahwa sumberdaya alam diperairan danau tempe berupa fitoplankton dan zooplankton sebagai produser primer dan consumer primer masih mendukung untuk tingkatan trofik diatasnya yaitu ikan
South Sulawesi, which was conducted for 4 months of research (February, March, April and June) in 2017, aims to determine the transfer of energy in the waters of Lake Tempe runs according to the food network system and the benefits of this research for optimal and sustainable management and utilization of fish resources. in the waters of Lake Tempe. The results showed that the trific level structure of some fish caught in the waters of Lake Tempe was a minimum of 2 and a maximum of varying according to the type of fish and the time of observation. It was concluded that the natural resources in the waters of Lake Tempe in the form of phytoplankton and zooplankton as primary producers and primary consumers still support the higher trophic levels, namely fish.
Analisis Sifat Fisik Daur Ulang Limbah Plastik Jenis High Density Polyethylene
Authors: Riyanto Arif , Respati Sri Mulyo Bondan , Dzulfikar Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Plastik sangat lazim digunakan untuk keperluan rumah tangga. Sebagai contoh pembungkus makanan, botol air mineral, kabel, pipa, mainan anak dan sebagainya. Kegunaan plastik setiap harinya limbah plastik yang paling banyak adalah high density polyethylene (HDPE). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur kerja mesin injection molding terhadap densitas, kekuatan tarik dan bentuk makro patahan pada limbah plastik HDPE. Limbah plastik dicacah dan dimasukkan ke dalam hopper mesin injection molding dengan temperatur 150°C, 175°C, 200°C, 250°C dan 275°C kemudian diinjeksikan ke dalam cetakan standar ASTM D638. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh adalah semakin tinggi temperatur injection molding maka semakin rendah densitasnya, tetapi pada pengujian tarik semakin tinggi temperatur maka semakin tinggi kekuatan tariknya. Pada pengujian foto makro diperoleh hasil semakin tinggi temperatur injection molding maka semakin tinggi tingkat kematangannya dan semakin ulet.
Fasceíte necrosante em um cão Pitbull – Relato de Caso
Authors: Araújo Evelyn Barbosa , Lopes Joaz Wellington , Gomes Luanna Ferreira Fasanelo 
Published: December 2021

A fasceíte necrosante é uma infecção necrótica que pode acometer a fáscia superficial e profunda, pele e tecido subcutâneo, apresenta progressão rápida, podendo causar sepse se não tratada precocemente. Este artigo descreve um caso de fasceíte necrosante em um Pitbull macho de 4 anos. O animal apresentou edema de membro posterior com dor desproporcional e prostração. O tratamento prescrito foi firocoxib 5mg/kg via oral, 24/24h e dipirona 25mg/kg via oral, 8h/8h. Devido a piora do quadro clínico o animal foi hospitalizado e veio a óbito. O diagnóstico se deu através da necropsia. O tratamento com desbridamento cirúrgico e antibiótico terapia sistêmica são preconizados nesses casos, a demora em sua instituição resulta em altas taxas de mortalidade.
Efeito da contracepção hormonal combinada versus progesterona injetável sobre o comportamento sexual feminino
Authors: Pereira Débora Linsbinski , Franciscon Fábio Francoly , Possamai Thayla Ribeiro Pegorete , Masochini Rosângela Guerino , Marisco Patrícia da Costa , Lima Neta Pacífica Pinheiro 
Published: December 2021

Desde a introdução da contracepção hormonal, houve poucos relatos sobre o uso do contraceptivo oral combinado ou da progesterona injetável sobre o comportamento sexual feminino. Assim sendo, muitas mulheres desconhecem o efeito do contraceptivo hormonal sobre a libido (desejo sexual). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar o comportamento sexual de mulheres que fazem uso de dois tipos de métodos contraceptivos: hormonal combinado via oral (levornogestrel 0,15mg + etinilestradiol 0,03mg) ciclo 21/7 e a progesterona injetável (acetato de medroxiprogesterona depot - DMPA de 150mg de administração Trimestral), com o grupo controle. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado de fase IV. Participaram da pesquisa mulheres sexualmente ativas com idade entre 18 a 35 anos que faziam uso do método contraceptivo hormonal por, no mínimo, 6 meses e, do grupo controle, as que não utilizavam nenhum método hormonal para contracepção. A amostra foi composta por 10 voluntárias do grupo controle (NUCH), 10 mulheres que fazem uso do contraceptivo combinado oral (COC) e 5 voluntárias que utilizam progesterona injetável (PI). Os dados foram coletados através de um formulário de entrevista semi-estruturado. As usuárias do grupo PI (administração trimestral), demonstraram menor interferência no desejo sexual, sendo que 60% da amostra possuem interesse sexual de 6 ou mais vezes por semana e 80% estavam satisfeitas sexualmente, quando comparado ao grupo COC. Entre as mulheres do grupo NUCH, que não fazem uso de nenhum método hormonal, 50% da amostra tinham interesse sexual de 2 a 3 vezes por semana, 40% referiram o interesse sexual apenas 1 vez por semana e 90% estavam satisfeitas sexualmente. As mulheres do grupo COC tiveram uma diminuição do desejo sexual de 80% nos últimos 6 meses. A excitação sexual durante o ato sexual esteve presente em 100% nas mulheres que fazem uso da PI, 80% do grupo controle e 90% nas usuárias do COC. Contudo, apesar da pesquisa ter demonstrado que as mulheres que utilizam COC tiveram uma diminuição do desejo sexual nos últimos 6 meses, quando comparadas com o grupo NUCH e PI, e que 60% das que usam PI tiveram interesse sexual de 6 vezes ou mais por semana, número maior que os outros grupos da pesquisa. Nesse contexto faz-se necessária a realização de outros ensaios clínicos para certificar se realmente ocorre essa diminuição do desejo sexual e o porquê das usuárias da PI apresentarem maior interesse sexual
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN KLIEN HIPERTENSI di KLINIK MERCUBAKTIJAYA
Authors: Minropa Aida , Nurleny  , Susilawati Dewi , Fitria Nila Eza , Sastra Leni , Edo Citra Werdi , Revanda Anita 
Published: December 2021

Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyakit kronis yang jika tidak di tangani akan menyebabkan penyakit lain dan mengancam nyawa. Klinik MERCUBAKTIJAYA adalah salah klinik pratama yang melayani pasien dengan penyakit kronis termasuk penyakit hipertensi yang akan diberikan pelayanan Prolanis. Sesuai dengan catatan kunjungan pasien yang berobat di klinik MERCUBAKTIJYA pada bulan Desember 2020 yang mengalami penyakit hipertensi sebanyak 8 orang. Pasien ini akan datang secara berkala ke klinik untuk memeriksakan kesehatannnya dan mendapat pengobatan oleh karena itu perlu dibuatkan wadahnya dengan tujuan adanya kegiatan yang dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pasien. Berdasarkan data diatas kami melaksanakan kegiatan Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Pasien Hipertensi melalui senam hipertensi dan pengobatan herbal sekaligus membentuk wadah untuk pasien penyakit hiopertensi.
MENGATASI DAMPAK KECEMASAN DENGAN PROGRESIVE MUSCLE RELAKSATION (PMR) PADA LANSIA DENGAN PENYAKIT FISIK DI KLINIK MERCUBAKTIJAYA PADANG
Authors: Guslinda  , Suryani Ulfa , Fridalni Nova 
Published: December 2021

Pandemi covid 19 memberi dampak
kecemasan yang dapat memperburuk imunitas fisik pada
lansia. Hal ini dapat dicegah dengan memberikan edukasi
tentang kecemasan dan
Progressive Muscle
Relactation(PMR) kepada lansia. Kegiatan ini bertujuan
untuk mengatasai kecemasan dan dampaknya terhadap
penurunan imunitas fisik lansia.
Metode : Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Klinik mercubaktijaya
Padang bulan November 2020, Yang diawali dengan
skrining Lansia. Kemudian Edukasi tentang kecemasan, dan
latihan Progresive Muscle Relactation.
Hasil: Hasil kegiatan Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan
pengetahuan lansia meningkat menjadi diatas 75 %.
sedangkan hasil ukur kecemasan lansia yang diukur dengan
Hamilton Ansiety Rating Scale (HARS) didapatkan hasil
sebelum diberikan terapi PMR rata-rata mengalami cemas
sedang, setelah diberikan terapi PMR terjadi penurunan
hasil ukur HARS lansia menjadi cemas ringan . Dapat
disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan lansia
tentang kecemasan dan penurunan kecemasan pada lansia
yang telah di edukasi dan diberi PMR.
EDUKASI INOVATIF DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Andayani Rifka Putri , Rizka Ausrianti  
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang:
Virus Corona atau yang biasa disebut dengan COVID-19 bisa menyerang siapa saja. Wabah ini merupakan masalah Nasional dan Internasional yang menyerang serta meresahkan diseluruh dunia. Anak-anak merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan terkena COVID-19, oleh karena itu perlindungan terhadap anak-anak serta fasilitas pendidikan anak sangatlah penting. Tingginya jumlah siswa di lingkungan SD N 16 Surau Gadang membuat risiko masalah penyebaran virus Covid-19 semakin tinggi.
Metode:
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dimulai dengan tahap pengumpulan data kepada mitra dan hasil observasi, tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan melakukan pelatihan dan transfer ilmu serta diakhiri dengan melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi.
Hasil:
Kegiatan pengabdian masyaraat dilaksanakan selama 1 minggu yaitu pada tanggal 1 sampai dengan 6 November 2021. Peserta terdiri dari siswa kelas 1, 2 dan kelas 3. Waktu pelaksanaan dilaksanakan mulai pukul 08.00 sampai dengan 11.00 WIB.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN PERMASALAHAN KIA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN DERAJAT KESEHATAN KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK
Authors: Syarief Devi , Desi Wildayani  , Dian Furwasyih  , Winda Listia Ningsih  , Gita Rimelda  , Rahmayeni Supri  , Annastasya Putri Dwi Oktarina  
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Pemberdayaan masyarakat direkomendasikan dalam upaya meningkatkan kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) (WHO, 2017). Kelurahan Kurao Pagang Kota Padang telah memiliki kelompok Peduli Ibu dan Anak Kurao Pagang yang dibentuk pada 15 Oktober 2019. Kelompok ini belum pernah melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya dalam membantu mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan ibu dan anak, karena belum mendapatkan petunjuk teknis tentang pengelolaan masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak. Pengabdian bertujuan agar kelompok mitra (kelompok perempuan) mengetahui dan mampu mengelola masalah KIA di wilayahnya.
Metode: Kelompok perempuan dilatih selama dua hari di kelas dengan metode ceramah dan simulasi. Kegiatan dilakukan di STIKes MERCUBAKTIJAYA Padang, dengan narasumber tim pengabdi sendiri. Selanjutnya kelompok perempuan melaksanakan siklus aksi empat langkah di Kelurahan Kurao Pagang selama empat minggu (16 September-16 Oktober 2021), yaitu mengidentifikasi dan memprioritaskan masalah KIA, menyusun perencanaan, implementasi rencana dan evaluasi kegiatan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan ibu hamil, tokoh masyarakat, bidan Pembina wilayah serta pamong setempat, dan difasilitasi oleh tim pengabdi.
Hasil: Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok perempuan tentang pengelolaan masalah KIA (pretest 11,92, posttest 15,50), adanya kelompok perempuan peduli KIA Kelurahan Kurao Pagang yang terlatih tentang pengelolaan masalah KIA, serta adanya rumusan masalah KIA di Kelurahan Kurao Pagang yang telah diidentifikasi.
The PEMBERIAN TERAPI HYPNO PRENATAL DAN PRENATAL MASSAGE PADA IBU HAMIL DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Arifin Yulia , Ety Aprianti  
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Kecemasan pada ibu hamil dapat dipengaruhi karena tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ANC. Pemeriksaan ANC yang dilakukan oleh ibu dapat membantu mengendalikan rasa cemas yang muncul saat kehamilannya, salah satu upaya yang dilakukan tenaga kesehatan untuk menurunkan angka kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Ibu hamil tercatat salah satu kelompok rentan resiko terinfeksi COVID-19 dikarenakan pada masa kehamilan terjadinya perubahan fisiologi yang mengakibatkan penurunan kekebalan parsial. Dengan kondisi kesehatan dunia sekarang ini yang sedang dilanda pandemi COVID-19, membuat ibu semakin cemas dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Untuk mengurangi rasa cemas ibu dapat diatasi dengan terapi Hypno prenatal dan prenatal message. Hypno prenatal merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dapat membantu seseorang menjadi rileks dan tenang, dimana efek dari kondisi ini akan berpengaruh terhadap ibu dan lingkungannya. Sedangkan prenatal massage dapat diketahui dapat meningkatkan relaksasi, mengurangi nyeri dan stres, dan sangat banyak manfaat kesehatannya pada ibu hamil.Metode Pelaksanaan: Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Klinik MERCUBAKTIJAYA Padang dengan mekanisme pelaksanaan pemeriksaan Antenatalcare, pemeriksaan Hb dalam darah, penyuluhan, pemberian terapi hypno prenatal dan prenatal message kepada ibu hamil. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada Tanggal 16 Desember 2020.Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah 100% kondisi kehamilan ibu hamil dalam keadaan baik dan sehat, 66,7% ibu hamil mengalami anemia ringan, 100% ibu hamil dapat memahami dan mengerti tentang hypno prenatal dan prenatal massage dan 100% ibu mengalami penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil.