bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the role of supplementation stocking: A perspective
Authors: Claussen Julie E. , Philipp David P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that stocking hatchery‐cultured fish can increase the number of fish, decades of scientific evidence have shown that most often those stocking efforts fail to provide the desired “demographic boost” to a naturally reproducing, self‐sustaining target population. Despite this evidence, fish stocking remains a mainstay of fisheries management programmes, even as the biodiversity of wild fish populations and other aquatic organisms are at serious risk due to habitat loss and/or overexploitation across the globe. In this perspective piece, we summarise the reasons why wild and hatchery‐produced fish are not equivalent and describe the genetic and ecological risks associated with stocking programmes. We then present our perspective on the institutional changes that need to occur to assess these risks and offer ways to transition fisheries management strategies to become more effective in conserving levels of aquatic biodiversity from populations to landscapes. We propose that a critical first step to control ill‐conceived fish stocking programmes is to have each country develop, implement, and enforce a scientifically sound National Fish Stocking Policy. To achieve the long‐term sustainability of native fish populations, it is imperative that ecological and evolutionary principles be better integrated into future conservation strategies and management actions.
Harvest and nitrogen effects on bioenergy feedstock quality of grass‐legume mixtures on Conservation Reserve Program grasslands
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hsien , Namoi Nictor , Hoover Amber , Emerson Rachel , Cortez Marnie , Wolfrum Ed , Payne Courtney , Egenolf Josh , Harmoney Keith , Kallenbach Robert , Lee DoKyoung (D.K.) 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerennial grass mixtures established on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands can be an important source of feedstock for bioenergy production. This study aimed to evaluate management practices for optimizing the quality of bioenergy feedstock and stand persistence of grass‐legume mixtures under diverse environments. A 5‐year field study (2008–2012) was conducted to assess the effects of two harvest timings (at anthesis vs after complete senescence) and three nitrogen (N) rates (0, 56, 112 kg N ha−1) on biomass chemical compositions (i.e., cell wall components, ash, volatiles, total carbon, and N contents) and the feedstock energy potential, examined by the theoretical ethanol yield (TEY) and the total TEY (i.e., the product of biomass yield and TEY, L ha−1), of cool‐season mixtures in Georgia and Missouri and a warm‐season mixture in Kansas. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the effect of vegetative species transitions on feedstock quality. Although environmental variations (mainly precipitation) greatly influenced the management effect on chemical compositions, the delayed harvest after senescence generally improved feedstock quality. In particular, the overall cell wall concentrations and TEY of the warm‐season mixtures increased by approximately 7%. Additional N supplies improved the total TEY of both mixtures by ~1.6–4.2 L ha−1 per 1.0 kg N ha−1 input but likely lowered the feedstock quality, particularly for the cool‐season mixture. The cell wall concentrations of cool‐season mixture reduced by approximately 3%–6%. The CCA results indicated that the increased legume compositions (under low N input) likely enhanced lignin but reduced ash concentrations. This field research demonstrated that with proper management, grass‐legume mixtures on CRP lands can provide high‐quality feedstock for bioenergy productions.
Leveraging the timing and frequency of patient decision aids in longitudinal shared decision‐making: A narrative review and applied model
Authors: LoBrutto Lara R. , Fix Gemmae , Wiener Renda S. , Linsky Amy M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionShared decision‐making (SDM) is intended to increase patient‐centredness of medical decision‐making for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Concurrently, patient decision aids (PtDAs) can supplement SDM by providing information to guide communication between patients and healthcare providers. Because of the prevalence of chronic conditions, where decisions may be extended or recurring, we sought to explore how effectively these tools have been leveraged in this context.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the literature on both SDM and PtDAs, searching PubMed and Boston University's library database search tool for English‐language articles published from January 2005 until March 2021. Additional search terms focused on temporality. Drawing from our findings, we developed a combined framework to highlight areas for future research using the discussion of end‐of‐life decisions as an exemplar to illustrate its relevance to chronic care contexts.ResultsAfter screening 57 articles, we identified 25 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria on SDM, PtDA use and temporality for chronic care. The literature on SDM highlighted time outside of the medical visit and opportunity to include outside decision partners as important elements of the process. PtDAs were commonly evaluated for process‐related and proximal outcomes, but less often for distal outcomes. Early evidence points to the value of comparative outcome evaluation based on the timing of PtDA distribution.ConclusionOur review of the literature on SDM and PtDAs reveals less attention to the timing of PtDAs relative to that of SDM. We highlight the need for further study of timing in PtDA use to improve longitudinal SDM for chronic care. The model that we propose in our discussion provides a starting point for future research on PtDA efficacy.Patient or Public ContributionFive patient consultants provided input and feedback on the development and utility of our model.
Preparation and evaluation of a new combined conjugated vaccine against Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bahy Rehab , Fatyan Eman , Saafan Amal E. , El-Gebaly Eman Abd El Aziz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been identified by the World Health Organization as the most deadly infectious diseases and a pervasive public health problem, causing increased hospital admissions, mortality and antibiotic use. This study aims to determine the most common and resistant bacteria that cause LRTIs and prepare an appropriate vaccine to reduce and prevent potential future infections.

Methods and Results
Our survey was conducted by collecting respiratory exudate specimens. The most predominant and resistant types were Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted using a modified hot phenol method to prepare the vaccine. The LPS were then activated and conjugated. The immunogenicity of the prepared singles and combined vaccines was determined through an in vivo assay using BALB/c mice. The prepared vaccine provided high protection against the lethal dose of both bacteria in mice. The combined vaccine shows a significant value in achieving high immunization.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate the potential of the bacterial LPS molecules to be used as effective vaccines.

Significance and Impact of Study
Developing an effective single and combined vaccine against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia can protect and reduce LRTI incidence.
Bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In vitro synergy testing
Authors: Holger Dana J. , Lev Katherine L. , Kebriaei Razieh , Morrisette Taylor , Shah Rahi , Alexander Jose , Lehman Susan M. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Here, we investigate the impact of phage-antibiotic combinations (PAC) on bacterial killing, resistance development and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production in multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa.

Methods and Results
After screening 10 well-characterized MDR P. aeruginosa strains against three P. aeruginosa phages, representative strains, R10266 and R9316, were selected for synergy testing based on high phage sensitivity and substantial antibiotic resistance patterns, while phage EM was chosen based on host range. To understand the impact of phage-antibiotic combinations (PAC) against MDR P. aeruginosa, time-kill analyses, OMV quantification and phage/antibiotic resistance testing were performed. Phage and meropenem demonstrated synergistic activity against both MDR strains. Triple combination regimens, phage-meropenem-colistin and phage-ciprofloxacin-colistin, resulted in the greatest CFU reduction for strains R9316 (3.50 log10 CFU ml−1) and R10266 (4.50 log10 CFU ml−1) respectively. PAC resulted in regained and improved antibiotic susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC 2 to 0.0625) and meropenem (MIC 32 to 16), respectively, in R9316. Phage resistance was prevented or reduced in the presence of several classes of antibiotics and OMV production was reduced in the presence of phage for both strains, which was associated with significantly improved bacterial eradication.

Conclusions
These findings support the potential of phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) to augment killing of MDR P. aeruginosa. Systematic in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to better understand phage interactions with antipseudomonal antibiotics, to define the role of OMV production in P. aeruginosa PAC therapy and to outline pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters conducive to PAS.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study identifies novel bactericidal phage-antibiotic combinations capable of thwarting resistance development in MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa strains. Furthermore, phage-mediated OMV reduction is identified as a potential mechanism through which PAC potentiates bacterial killing.
Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST540 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST2237 isolates in a pneumonia case from China
Authors: Zhang Dao-Feng , Zhang Zeng-Feng , Li Pan-Dong , Qu Ping-Hua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to characterize the chromosome and plasmid sequences, and determine the transferability of plasmids in carbapenem-resistance Acinetobacter baumannii DD520 and Klebsiella pneumoniae DD521 isolates from the same patient who was co-infected in a hospital in China.

Methods and Results
Both isolates DD520 and DD521 exhibited multidrug resistance phenotype, especially the former isolate which was resistant to nine classes of antimicrobials including carbapenems, quinolones, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, phenicols, fosfomycins, sulfanilamides and aminoglycosides. Carbapenem resistance genes of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66 were identified on the chromosome of A. baumannii DD520, and blaKPC-2 was found in the plasmid pDD521.2 from K. pneumoniae DD521. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. baumannii DD520 belonged to the ST540 clone, and K. pneumoniae DD521 belonged to the ST2237 clone. Plasmid analysis suggested that blaKPC-2 was embedded into plasmid pDD521.2, which might be resulted from IS26- and Tn1721-mediated transposition. Plasmid pDD521.2 carrying blaKPC-2 successfully transferred from K. pneumoniae DD521 into Escherichia coli C600, and carbapenems resistance also transferred in the conjugation.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, it was the first report of A. baumannii ST540 and K. pneumoniae ST2237 in the same patient in China. Both these two isolates exhibited resistance to carbapenem, which was likely to have resulted from carbapenem-resistance genes blaOXA-23-blaOXA-66 on the chromosome of A. baumannii ST540, and blaKPC-2 in the plasmid of K. pneumoniae ST2237.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our study highlighted that effective measures were urgent to prevent and control the co-infection caused by two or more carbapenem-resistance pathogens in the same patient.
Sonographic evaluation of hypertension: Role of atrophic index and renal resistive index
Authors: Gigante Antonietta , Perrotta Adolfo Marco , De Marco Oriana , Rosato Edoardo , Lai Silvia , Cianci Rosario 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHypertension can cause structural and functional renal damage. Intrarenal ultrasound parameters have been extensively investigated in hypertensive patients and among the parameters introduced, the renal resistive index (RI) is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Atrophic index (AI) is an indirect anatomical ultrasound index that reports the atrophic changes of the renal parenchyma and it is mainly studied in chronic glomerular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate renal RI and AI in hypertensive patients with normal renal function. AI showed correlations with all parameters associated with renal function reduction (age, creatinine, and intrarenal arterial stiffness). AI, in combination with RI, can represent in hypertensive patients an additional marker for renal damage progression.
Investigation of umbilical cord serum miRNAs associated with childhood obesity: A pilot study from a birth cohort study
Authors: Takatani Rieko , Yoshioka Yusuke , Takahashi Tomoko , Watanabe Masahiro , Hisada Aya , Yamamoto Midori , Sakurai Kenichi , Takatani Tomozumi , Shimojo Naoki , Hamada Hiromichi , Ochiya Takahiro , Mori Chisato 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigated umbilical cord serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles to identify biomarkers of a risk for obesity later in life. Participating children were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups of obesity based on the timing of adiposity rebound and the body mass index (BMI) at 5 years and randomly selected from each group for this study. 3D‐Gene® Human miRNA Oligo Chip was performed using cord serum in five children of both groups. The most relevant miRNAs were confirmed in 33 children of the groups using the TaqMan® microRNA assay. We detected five cord serum miRNAs differentially expressed in children at high risk of obesity compared with the levels in children at low risk, namely, miR‐516‐3p and miR‐130a‐3p with increased levels and miR‐1260b, miR‐4709‐3p, and miR194‐3p with decreased levels. This study provides the first identification of altered umbilical cord serum miRNAs in childhood obesity.
Facilitators and barriers to providing culinary nutrition, culinary medicine and behaviour change support: An online cross‐sectional survey of Australian health and education professionals
Authors: Asher Roberta C. , Bucher Tamara , Shrewsbury Vanessa A. , Clarke Erin D. , Herbert Jaimee , Roberts Steven , Meeder Annette , Collins Clare E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn Australia wide cross‐sectional online survey examined facilitators and barriers of health and education professionals to providing culinary nutrition (CN) and culinary medicine (CM) education and behaviour change support in usual practice, in addition to identifying continuing professional development (CPD) needs in this domain.MethodsSurvey items included socio‐demographic characteristics, cooking and food skills confidence, nutrition knowledge (PKB‐7), fruit and vegetable intake (FAVVA) and CPD needs. Data were summarised descriptively.ResultsOf 277 participants, 65% were likely/somewhat likely to participate in CN CPD. Mean (SD) cooking and food skill confidence scores were 73 (17.5) and 107.2 (24), out of 98 and 147, respectively. Mean PKB‐7 score was 3.7 (1.4), out of 7. Mean FAVVA score was 98 (29), out of 190.ConclusionsGaps in knowledge and limited time were the greatest modifiable barriers to providing CM/CN education and behaviour change support in practice. Health and education professionals are interested in CPD conducted by dietitians and culinary professionals to enhance their knowledge of CM/CN and behaviour change support.
The factors related to recovery time of diaper dermatitis in infants: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yokoyama Moeri , Yonezawa Kaori , Matsubara Manami , Hikita Naoko , Sasagawa Emi , Haruna Megumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimProlonged diaper dermatitis may increase the risk of atopic dermatitis or infections. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, symptoms, areas, and recovery time of diaper dermatitis in infants aged 1 month and identify the factors related to recovery time.MethodsDiaper dermatitis was defined as the presence of erythema, papules, dryness, erosion, or ulceration in the diapered area. Recovery time was days between infant's 1‐month medical check‐up and disappearance of symptoms. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log‐rank test was used to identify the factors related to recovery time.ResultsAmong 113 infants, 66 (58.4%) had diaper dermatitis, with erythema at the perianal area being the most common symptom. The median recovery time was 10 days. Four infants (6.1%) had diaper dermatitis for >5 weeks. Severity was not related to recovery time.ConclusionsA frequency of diaper changing of ≤10 times per day was a risk factor for recovery time. Our data showed recovery in approximately 10 days, regardless of severity at study enrollment. Health care professionals could inform parents of recovery time and recommended diaper changing frequency.
Variations in temporal trends in non‐traumatic dental condition related emergencies
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan , Panny Aloksagar , Berg Richard , Acharya Amit , Nycz Greg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate temporal trends in non‐traumatic dental condition (NTDC) related emergency visits at Emergency Department (ED), urgent care (UC), and at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) that providing dental services to a mid‐sized rural community.MethodsTemporal trends over a 9‐year period (2008–2016) in NTDC rates at ED, UC, FQHC and in a region around the FQHC were determined. Statistically significant changes (α = 0.05) in the proportion of NTDC visits between FQHC and UC across each of the time points were investigated.ResultsProportion of NTDC ED visits was relatively stable over the study period; whereas those at FQHC exceeded those at UC site beginning 2012 and were significantly (α = 0.05) higher than that of UC subsequently (2015–2016).ConclusionsNTDCs are preventable dental conditions and the care provided in treating NTDCs in emergency settings is palliative and does not address the underlying conditions resulting in poor outcomes. The results presented elucidate the critical role of FQHCs in significantly reducing NTDC visits. These might be precursors to a potential shift in NTDC care seeking behavior and expected to favorably impact oral health outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics of grapiprant and effects on TNF‐alpha concentrations following oral administration to horses
Authors: Hoffmann Silke L. , Seminoff Kelsey , McKemie Daniel S. , Kass Philip H. , Knych Heather K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrapiprant is a prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist that has been found to be an effective anti‐inflammatory in dogs and that is devoid of some of the adverse effects associated with traditional NSAIDs that elicit their effects through inhibition of PGE2 production. Previously published reports have described the pharmacokinetics of this drug in horses when administered at 2 mg/kg; however, pharmacodynamic effects in this species have yet to be described. The objective of the current study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of grapiprant at a higher dose. Eight horses received a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were determined for 96 h using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Non‐compartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed ex vivo by stimulating blood samples with PGE2 and determining TNF‐ɑ concentrations. Maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration and area under the curve were 327.5 (188.4–663.0) ng/ml, 1 (0.75–2.0) hour and 831.8 (512.6–1421.6) h*ng/ml, respectively. The terminal half‐life was 11.1 (8.27–21.2) hr. Significant stimulation of TNF alpha was noted for 2–4 h post‐drug administration. Results of this study suggest a short duration of EP4 receptor engagement when administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg.
A systematic review of the effect of early mobilisation on length of stay for adults in the intensive care unit
Authors: Monsees Jonas , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , Watson Chanel , Nugent Linda , Avsar Pinar , O'Connor Tom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEM has been hypothesized to help prevent the development of ICU acquired weakness and may therefore result in positive outcomes for ICU patients.AimTo establish the impact of Early mobilisation (EM) on adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients in terms of ICU length of stay (LOS), as well as hospital LOS, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, and functional independence.Study designA Systematic Review. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched on 24th November 2020. Included studies and other systematic reviews were hand‐searched for further includable studies. The primary outcome was ICU LOS whilst secondary outcomes were duration of MV, mortality, hospital LOS and functional independence. The PRISMA guidelines were utilized to perform the review. Ten randomized controlled trials with a combined total of 1291 patients met inclusion criteria and were scrutinized using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Systematic Reviews. Revman 5.4.1 was used to conduct meta‐analysis were possible.ResultsResults were limited by the evidence available for inclusion, in particular small sample sizes. However, a trend towards a shorter duration of ICU LOS and duration of mechanical ventilation emerged. There was also a trend towards higher rates of functional independence for intervention groups. Mortality rates appeared unaffected and results of meta‐analysis were statistically non‐significant (p = 0.90).ConclusionBy applying a stricter time limit than previous systematic reviews a trend emerged that the commencement of EM has a positive effect on patient outcomes, in particular ICU LOS.Relevance to clinical practiceThe evidence base surrounding EM remains poor; however on the balance of the available evidence the application of EM should not be delayed.
The Fng3 ING protein regulates H3 acetylation and H4 deacetylation by interacting with two distinct histone‐modifying complexes
Authors: Xu Huaijian , Ye Meng , Xia Aliang , Jiang Hang , Huang Panpan , Liu Huiquan , Hou Rui , Wang Qinhu , Li Dongao , Xu Jin‐Rong , Jiang Cong 
Published: June 2022

Summary

The steady‐state level of histone acetylation is maintained by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes. INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins are key components of the HAT or HDAC complexes but their relationship with other components and roles in phytopathogenic fungi are not well‐characterized.

Here, the FNG3 ING gene was functionally characterized in the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum. Deletion of FNG3 results in defects in fungal development and pathogenesis. Unlike other ING proteins that are specifically associated with distinct complexes, Fng3 was associated with both NuA3 HAT and FgRpd3 HDAC complexes to regulate H3 acetylation and H4 deacetylation.

Whereas FgNto1 mediates the FgSas3–Fng3 interaction in the NuA3 complex, Fng3 interacted with the C‐terminal region of FgRpd3 that is present in Rpd3 orthologs from filamentous fungi but absent in yeast Rpd3. The intrinsically disordered regions in the C‐terminal tail of FgRpd3 underwent phase separation, which was important for its interaction with Fng3. Furthermore, the ING domain of Fng3 is responsible for its specificities in protein–protein interactions and functions.

Taken together, Fng3 is involved in the dynamic regulation of histone acetylation by interacting with two histone modification complexes, and is important for fungal development and pathogenicity.