bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A one-million-year isotope record from siderites formed in modern ferruginous sediments
Authors: Vuillemin Aurèle , Mayr Christoph , Schuessler Jan A. , Friese André , Bauer Kohen W. , Lücke Andreas , Heuer Verena B. , Glombitza Clemens , Henny Cynthia , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Russell James M. , Bijaksana Satria , Vogel Hendrik , Crowe Sean A. , Kallmeyer Jens 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ancient iron formations hold important records of environmental conditions during the Precambrian eons. Reconstructions of past oceanic systems require investigation of modern ferruginous analogs to disentangle water column and diagenetic signals recorded in iron-bearing minerals. We analyzed oxygen, iron, and carbon isotopes in siderite, a ferrous carbonate phase commonly used as an environmental proxy, from a 100-m-long record spanning a 1 Ma depositional history in ferruginous Lake Towuti, Indonesia. Combining bulk sediment and pore water geochemistry, we traced processes controlling siderite isotope signatures. We show that siderite oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) reflect in-lake hydrological and depositional conditions. Low iron isotope values (δ56Fe) record water column oxygenation events over geological timescales, with minor diagenetic partitioning of Fe isotopes by microbial iron reduction after deposition. The carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) reflect the incorporation of biogenic HCO3–, which is consistent with sediment organic matter remineralization lasting over ca. 200 ka after burial. Positive δ13C excursions indicate an increased production of biogenic methane that escaped the sediment during low lake levels. Diffusion across the sediment–water interface during initial formation of siderites tends to align the isotope signatures of bottom waters to those of pore waters. As microbial reduction of ferric iron and oxidation of organic matter proceed and saturate pore water conditions with respect to siderite, overgrowth on nuclei partially mutes the environmental signal inherited from past bottom waters over ca. 1 Ma. Because high depositional fluxes of ferric iron and organic matter in early oceans would have promoted similar microbial processes in ferruginous deposits prior to lithification, the environmental record contained in siderite grains can successively integrate depositional and early diagenetic signals over short geological timescales.
Religiosity as a potential mediator for violence in childhood and adulthood: results from a Brazilian nationally representative survey
Authors: Gonçalves Juliane Piasseschi de Bernardin , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Latorre Maria do Rosario Dias , Laranjeira Ronaldo , Vallada Homero 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesAlthough previous studies have investigated the role of religiosity in violence outcomes, there is a lack of studies including this aspect as a mediator for violence in childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and violence in childhood, as well as the possible mediating role of religiosity between suffering violence in childhood and suffering and/or perpetrating violence in adulthood.DesignCross-sectional population-based study carried out from November 2011 to March 2012.SettingFace-to-face surveys (at participants’ homes) were performed in a Brazilian nationally representative sample.ParticipantsA total of 3378 adults (aged 19 years and above) were included.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe association between suffering violence in childhood and religiosity, and the mediating role of religiosity between childhood and adulthood violence were analysed using logistic regression models.ResultsReligiosity was associated with childhood violence, showing that those who suffered less violence in childhood were more religious in adulthood and considered religion more important in their lives. However, while there was a significant association between suffering violence during childhood and suffering and/or perpetrating violence in adulthood, religiosity did not mediate this relationship.ConclusionsAlthough religious individuals self-reported less violence suffered in childhood, religiosity did not show evidence of being a potential mediator for childhood and adulthood violence (experienced and/or perpetrated). These results could help researchers explore this phenomenon, and aid health professionals and managers when proposing future interventions.
Effectiveness of interventions for dry eye: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: McCann Paul , Kruoch Zanna , Qureshi Riaz , Li Tianjing 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionDry eye is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and economic and societal burden for patients and healthcare systems. There are several treatment options available for dry eye and high-quality systematic reviews synthesise the evidence for their effectiveness and potential harms.Methods and analysisWe will search the Cochrane Eyes and Vision US satellite (CEV@US) database of eyes and vision systematic reviews for systematic reviews on interventions for dry eye. CEV@US conducted an initial search of PubMed and Embase to populate the CEV@US database of eyes and vision systematic reviews in 2007, which was updated most recently in August 2021. We will search the database for systematic reviews published since 1 January 2016 because systematic reviews more than 5 years are unlikely to be up to date. We will consider Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic reviews eligible for inclusion. Two authors will independently screen articles. We will include studies that evaluate interventions for dry eye and/or meibomian gland dysfunction with no restriction on types of participants or review language. We will select reliable systematic reviews (ie, those meeting pre-established methodological criteria) for inclusion, assessed by one investigator and verified by a second investigator. We will extract ratings of the certainty of evidence from within each review. We will report the degree of overlap for systematic reviews that answer similar questions and include overlapping primary studies. We will present results of the overview in alignment with guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Online Chapter 5: Overviews of Reviews), the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, and an overview of reviews quality and transparency checklist. The anticipated start and completion dates for this overview are 1 May 2021 and 30 April 2022, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThis overview will not require the approval of an Ethics Committee because it will use published studies. We will publish results in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021279880.
Designing an online intervention for adults with addictive eating: a qualitative integrated knowledge translation approach
Authors: Leary Mark , Pursey Kirrilly , Verdejo-García Antonio , Skinner Janelle , Whatnall Megan C , Hay Phillipa , Collins Clare , Baker Amanda L , Burrows Tracy 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCodesign is a meaningful end-user engagement in research design. The integrated knowledge translation (IKT) framework involves adopting a collaborative research approach to produce and apply knowledge to address real-world needs, resulting in useful and useable recommendations that will more likely be applied in policy and practice. In the field of food addiction (FA), there are limited treatment options that have been reported to show improvements in FA symptoms.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this paper is to describe the step-by-step codesign and refinement of a complex intervention delivered via telehealth for adults with FA using an IKT approach. The secondary aim is to describe our intervention in detail according to the TIDieR checklist.DesignThis study applies the IKT process and describes the codesign and refinement of an intervention through a series of online meetings, workshops and interviews.ParticipantsThis study included researchers, clinicians, consumers and health professionals.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome was a refined intervention for use in adults with symptoms of FA for a research trial.ResultsA total of six female health professionals and five consumers (n=4 female) with lived overeating experience participated in two interviews lasting 60 min each. This process resulted in the identification of eight barriers and three facilitators to providing and receiving treatment for FA, eight components needed or missing from current treatments, telehealth as a feasible delivery platform, and refinement of key elements to ensure the intervention met the needs of both health professionals and possible patients.ConclusionUsing an IKT approach allowed for a range of viewpoints and enabled multiple professions and disciplines to engage in a semiformalised way to bring expertise to formulate a possible intervention for FA. Mapping the intervention plan to the TIDieR checklist for complex interventions, allowed for detailed description of the intervention and the identification of a number of areas that needed to be refined before development of the finalised intervention protocol.
Association between maternal infertility treatment and child neurodevelopment: findings from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, Japan
Authors: Noda Aoi , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Murakami Keiko , Ueno Fumihiko , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Onuma Tomomi , Watanabe Zen , Shiga Naomi , Iwama Noriyuki , Hirotaka Hamada , Otsuka Tatsui , Tachibana Masahito , Tomita Hiroaki , Saito Masatoshi , Sugawara Junichi , Kure Shigeo , Yaegashi Nobuo , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between infertility treatment and neurodevelopment in children at 2 and 3.5 years of age.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe study population consisted of mother–child pairs who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, Japan. Pregnant women were recruited in obstetric clinics or hospitals and their children were followed up by the questionnaire.Outcome measuresThe children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 2 and 3.5 years of age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3), which consists of questions on five developmental domains. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between infertility treatment (including ovulation induction (OI), artificial insemination with husband’s sperm (AIH) and assisted reproductive technology (ART)) and the clinical range of ASQ-3.ResultsOf 9655 mother–child pairs, 273 (2.8%) and 487 (5.0%) were conceived through OI/AIH and ART, respectively. The odds of having developmental delays at 2 years of age were higher in children conceived through OI/AIH (OR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.85) and ART (OR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.72) than in those conceived naturally. Additionally, OI/AIH and ART were significantly associated with communication (OR, 1.93; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.98) and gross motor (OR, 1.50; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.09) delays, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of having developmental delays at 3.5 years of age in children conceived through OI/AIH (OR, 1.13; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.61) and ART (OR, 1.03; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.37).ConclusionIn this study, we found a significant association between infertility treatment and children’s neurodevelopment at 2 years of age, whereas no statistically significant differences were found at 3.5 years of age.
Prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yadav Binita , KC Anil , Bhusal Sandesh , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, associated factors and stress-coping strategies among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingKathmandu Valley, Nepal.ParticipantsA total of 300 traffic police officers working under the different traffic units of Kathmandu Valley for at least 6 months were recruited via a simple random sampling procedure.Primary outcome measuresState of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Secondary outcome measuresCoping strategies under stressful conditions based on the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) tool.ResultsAltogether 124 (41.3%) traffic police officers had symptoms of depression, 141 (47%) had anxiety symptoms and 132 (44%) had symptoms of stress. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression (adjusted OR (AOR): 10.7, 95% CI: 4.8 to 23.6), anxiety (AOR: 7.1, 95% CI: 3.4 to 14.9) and stress (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 3.3 to 14.1). Similarly, longer working hours was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of depression (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8 to 6.4), anxiety (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.9) and stress (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.4), and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting depressive symptoms (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.7). Participants in this study used positive coping strategies more than negative coping strategies.ConclusionOur study found a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among traffic police officers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Smoking and longer working hours were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms.
965 Accuracy of emergency (999) telephone triage for predicting adverse outcomes in suspected COVID-19: an observational cohort study
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Bath Peter , Hasan Madina , Stone Tony , Campbell Richard , Pilberry Richard , Turner Janette , Thomas Benjamin , Goodacre Steve 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundIn the first wave of the pandemic some ambulance services received three times their usual number of 999 calls. The increase was mostly due to calls from patients with respiratory symptoms. Call handlers must rapidly decide whether patients need an emergency face-to-face assessment or could access non-emergency services.We assess accuracy of emergency telephone triage in identifying patients with suspected COVID-19 infection who need an ambulance response and identify factors which affect triage accuracy.Methods/DesignAn observational cohort study of adults who contacted 999 emergency telephone services provided by Yorkshire Ambulance Service between the 18thMarch 2020 and 29thJune 2020 with symptoms indicating possible COVID-19 infection was completed. Callers were linked to ONS death registrations and routine health care data collected by NHS Digital.The accuracy of triage outcome (ambulance dispatch versus telephone advice) was assessed for death or organ support 30 days from first contact. Multi-variable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with risk of false negative or false positive triage.Results/ConclusionsOf the 12, 655 callers, 11.1% experienced the primary outcomes. An ambulance was dispatched to 84.2% of callers. The decision to dispatch an ambulance achieved 95% sensitivity (95% CI: 93.7 to 96.1%) and 17.2% specificity (95% 16.5% to 17.9%) for adverse outcomes. Where an ambulance was not dispatched, patients had a 3.5% (2.8 to 4.4%) of subsequent deterioration. Of patients that received an ambulance only 57% were subsequently conveyed to hospital. Multivariable logistic regression modelling found false negative assessment was associated with younger age and female sex and false positive assessment was associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, respiratory and cardiovascular comorbidities.Emergency telephone triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 achieved a high sensitivity to serious adverse outcomes. Further research is required to identify ways specificity of triage could be improved to reduce unnecessary ambulance dispatch.
1078 The prognostic accuracy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Eid Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundCOVID-19 is a newly emerging pandemic viral disease. Multiple management guidelines were introduced; nevertheless, their efficacy is still under debate. Thus, the presences of prognostic factors are essential for predicting which patients will need more invasive treatments.The study aims to investigate the prognostic accuracy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 infection.Methods/DesignThis is a prospective study done in Al-Ain Hospital in the United Arab Emirates. All the Covid-19 patients presenting to the hospital were enrolled over one month from 20/3 to 20/4/2020. We gathered information about their age, sex, mode of transmission and calculated their Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratio (NLR) from the first complete blood picture on admission. We divided the patients into two groups: those aged 50 years and above and those aged less than 50 years. We chose the best NLR cut-off value based on the Youden index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The target endpoint was the presence or absence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Results/ConclusionsThe study revealed that 48 patients (14%) needed ICU admission, while 296 patients (86%) were admitted to a ward or quarantine facilities. When the patient‘s age was > 50, and NLR was ≥ 3.10, it showed a sensitivity of 95.24% and a specificity of 92.86% for predicting the need for ICU admission. When NLR was ≥ 4.21, and the patient‘s age was < 50, the sensitivity and specificity were 70.3% and 93.7%, respectively.NLR proved to be highly specific and sensitive in helping to identify patients who need more invasive care among people over 50 years of age with COVID-19. Additionally, it can be used as a ruling out gadget for low-risk patients among people under 50 years old.
774 Survey to investigate the current use of pre-hospital blood product by air ambulance services in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mercer James 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundIt is thought that administering pre-hospital blood products (PHBP) in traumatic haemorrhagic shock can increase survival. The resuscitation with Pre-Hospital Blood Products (RePHILL trial) was a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of pre-hospital blood product administration versus standard care for traumatic haemorrhage designed to answer this question. In 2016 less than half of all air ambulance services (AAS) in the United Kingdom (UK) carried PHBP. In 2019 this number had increased to 18/22 AAS. The aim of this survey was to review the current use of PHBP by AAS in the UK prior to publication of the RePHILL trial.Methods/DesignOn the 21stApril 2021, all UK AAS were emailed using the contact address published on their website with a standardised email asking about their current use of PHBP. AAS who did not reply were followed up with a second email three weeks later. Complete non-responders had their websites searched for blood product terms to see if the service reported their use.Results/Conclusions17 out of 22 AAS replied to the survey. Information was extracted from a further three AAS websites. 17 AAS reported carrying packed red blood cells, seven carried fresh frozen plasma, six carried Lyoplas, two carried fibrinogen and one carried Beriplex. No AAS reported carrying platelets. Two AAS reported not carrying any PHBP.In 2016 less than half of UK ASS carried PHBP, now almost every service is adopting their use. To have widespread practice changes such as this over the last five years demonstrates how quickly the field of pre-hospital emergency medicine is evolving. Carrying PHBP brings a cost to services and risk to patients. If the RePHILL trial fails to demonstrate an outcome benefit from PHBP once published, it will be interesting to see whether AAS continue to employ a PHBP model for traumatic haemorrhage resuscitation.
803 Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 undergoing CT pulmonary angiography in the emergency department: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Rogers Annabel , Brend Jonathan , Pitt Dominic , Parker Amelia 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundThe shared features of pulmonary embolism (PE) and COVID-19 create a diagnostic challenge for Emergency Departments. Raised D-dimer and CRP are predictive of PE, critical illness and mortality from COVID-19, however guidelines state there is insufficient evidence to recommend that biomarkers be used to guide practice to diagnose PE. This retrospective observational study analyses characteristics and biomarkers of patients with COVID-19 undergoing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the Emergency Department. The aim is to establish whether there is a role for D-dimer, CRP and Wells’ score to risk stratify patients with COVID-19 to guide CTPA imaging and enable early diagnosis of PE.Methods/DesignCTPA scans requested by two London Emergency Departments in April 2020, December 2020-February 2021 were identified.Inclusion:COVID-19 positive by PCR or radiographic appearances. Patient records screened to identify: gender, age, days since symptom onset, D-dimer and CRP.Exclusion:>30 days symptoms, chronic PE, already receiving anticoagulation or insufficient data. Wells’ scores calculated for patients diagnosed with PE.Results/Conclusions468 patients were included, with 47 diagnosed with PE on CTPA (prevalence=10%). D-dimer (ng/ml) is significantly higher in patients with PE compared to no PE (median 6154; IQR 2455-12092 v med 1221; IQR 787-2350, p<0.05). Odds ratio for PE with D-dimer ≥1000 compared to D-dimer <1000 = 26.8 (95% confidence interval: 3.66–196.29). Diagnostic testing: sensitivity 97.87%, specificity 36.82%, PPV 14.74%, NPV 99.36%. Mean Wells’ score in patients with PE=4 (3–7.5), with 53% (n=25) having a Wells’ score of 4 or less (’PE unlikely’).D-dimer has a strong NPV for PE at values less than 1000ng/ml in the COVID-19 population, and therefore may have a role in ruling out PE and reducing CTPA scans in the Emergency Department. The Wells’ criteria, if used according to NICE guidance, would not indicate CTPA and potentially lead to delayed diagnosis in this patient group.