bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Boiling Bubble Dynamics on Under‐Liquid Superaerophobic Silicon Surfaces for High‐Performance Phase‐Change Cooling
Authors: Yu Chuanghui , Xu Zhe , He Shaofan , Feng Chengcheng , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnhancing critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by promoting the nucleation, growth, and departure of boiling bubbles has drawn significant attention owing to its wide applications. However, in‐depth understanding and comprehensive manipulation of under‐liquid bubble dynamics from in situ microscale perspectives remain challenging. Herein, in situ observations and analyses of the microsized boiling bubbles of ultra‐low surface tension fluorinated liquids (FLs) are conducted on the superaerophobic silicon surfaces with crisscross microchannels and selective nanowires. It is revealed that deep microchannels yet short nanowires enable ultrafast liquid spreading (<549.6 ms) and ultralow bubble adhesion (≈1.1 µN), while an appropriate spacing (240–600 µm) between microchannels minimizes the bubble departure time (<20.6 ms) due to timely coalescence. By verifying the above bubble dynamics principles through the collaborative enhancement of CHF and HTC, an optimized structure (microchannel depth ≈52.9 µm, microchannel spacing ≈362.9 µm, nanowire length ≈0 nm) is obtained and further implemented onto the exposed Si surface of a commercial CPU chip. Cooled by phase‐change of FLs, the average temperature of CPU maintains ≈64.9 °C even under extreme power loads (≈130 W), far below than those in conventional air‐cooling and water‐cooling operations.
Redox‐Enhanced Ionogels for Stretchable High‐Energy Density Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Kim Min Su , Heo Incheol , Kang Min Seok , Jeon Bo Geun , Cho Kyung Gook , Yoo Won Cheol , Lee Keun Hyung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping stretchable energy storage devices with high energy and power densities poses a significant challenge for future wearable/deformable electronics. This study proposes new redox (R)‐ionogels that incorporate organodisulfides as redox species for high‐energy, stretchable redox‐enhanced solid‐state electrochemical capacitors (R‐SECs). The R‐SECs are prepared using R‐ionogels made from tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETDS), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]), and a physically crosslinked polymer network (poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF‐HFP)), sandwiched between two carbonaceous electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics of the R‐SECs demonstrated both effective redox reactions and non‐faradaic capacitive energy storage. The optimized 0.25 M TETDS R‐ionogel achieved a specific capacitance of 405 F g‒1, 83% rate retention, 80% cyclic stability after 2000 cycles, an energy density of 117 Wh kg‒1, and a power density of 5.9 kW kg‒1. Additionally, the 0.25 M TETDS enhanced the mechanical properties of the ionogel, increasing the strain at break from 1.92 to 3.25 and toughness from 0.38 to 1.35 MJ m⁻3. Finally, stretchable R‐SECs possessing excellent stretching/releasing durability at 100% strain and volumetric energy densities 26.3 mWh cm−3 that surpass the upper bound of the Ragone plot for reported stretchable capacitors are successfully fabricated for the first time.
2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites/PVDF‐TrFE Photodetector for Anti‐Interference Vision System Derived from Ferroelectric Polarization Modulation
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Hong Enliu , Tan Xiaojun , Liu Jie , Jiang Anquan , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites have garnered increasing attention for their excellent photoresponse, characterized by high carrier mobility, tunable bandgaps, high optical absorption, and molecular asymmetry. Herein, centimeter scale single crystal 2D hybrid perovskites, BA2PbBr4 (BPB) is synthesized, using quasi‐static cooling method and composited with ferroelectric PVDF‐TrFE(PT) film to construct a multi‐field coupling photodetector (PD) via van der Waals force contact. Ferroelectric tests show that the PT film exhibits a saturated polarization strength of 3.6 µC cm−2, allowing the ferroelectric localized field to modulate the band structure of PT and enhance the photocurrent. The Heterojunction systems exhibit ultra‐high responsivity (15.3 A W−1) and detectivity (1.99 × 1013 Jones) under 390 nm illumination at 3 V bias, with a performance improvement of over 102 times compared to BPB PDs. Furthermore, the hybrid PDs exhibit highly stable I–t curve with a photocurrent retention rate of 97.4%. Leveraging this feature, a large‐area imaging device is designed at the centimeter level scale, enabling multifunctional vision applications accurate letter imaging process and anti‐interference number detection. The work presents a valuable insight in design of future autonomous driving vision systems.
Strong Component‐Interaction in N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx‐Supported Pt Electrocatalyst for Acidic Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Huynh Tai Thien , Huynh Quyen , Nguyen Anh Quoc Khuong , Pham Hau Quoc 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDesigning electrocatalysts with the selective C─C bond breaking in ethanol electro‐oxidation is of interest as an efficient strategy to accelerate the large‐scale applications of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are herein on N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene via two‐step synthesis steps including NH3‐assisted hydrothermal and NaBH4‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction routes. With the selective C─C bond breaking, the as‐obtained 16 wt.% Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst exhibits 435.35 mA mgPt−1 mass activity and 0.83 mA cm−2 specific activity, being 1.26‐ and 1.77‐fold increase compared to those of commercially available 20 wt.% Pt/C (346.21 mA mgPt−1 and 0.47 mA cm−2). This originates from the advantages of unique 2D structures and the strong interplay between Pt NPs and nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx. Also, the Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx shows superior CO‐poisoning resistance and long‐term stability for the acidic ethanol electro‐oxidation reaction (EOR). This work demonstrates the potential of heteroatom‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXenes to increase the C1 pathway selectivity and the catalytic performance of Pt‐based electrocatalysts in DEFCs.
A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
Authors: Fu Jiayan , Wu Shuangqi , Bao Nengcheng , Wu Lili , Qu Huiru , Wang Zhechao , Dong Haiyang , Wu Jian , Jin Yongfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPersonalized neoantigen cancer mRNA vaccines are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, the difficulty of identifying neoantigens heavily hinders their broad applicability. This study developed a universal strategy of anti‐tumor mRNA vaccine by harnessing “off‐the‐shelf” immunity to known antigens. First, the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is used for mRNA vaccine design. In vitro test indicated that this mRNA vaccine reprogrammed tumor cells that can be recognized and killed by OVA‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In situ mRNA vaccine notably inhibited tumor growth across three subcutaneous solid tumor models in mice. Further single‐cell sequencing analyses revealed that mRNA vaccination act to reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) toward more proinflammatory characteristics. Strikingly, this framework of mRNA‐based strategy can be applied to two clinical pathogen antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (SRBD). Interestingly, the mRNA‐based strategy largely recapitulated the scenario of spontaneous cancer regression following pathogen infection or vaccination. Collectively, this study provides not only proof of concept for universal anti‐tumor mRNA therapy, but also mechanistic insights in echoing the long‐standing puzzle of spontaneous cancer regression.
Relocating Conjugated 2P Valence Electrons in Carbon Host to Stabilize I+ for Novel Zn‐I2 Battery
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Fang , Ma Meng‐Meng , Wu Xu , Chu Wen‐Wen , Xu Shu‐Ling , Su Hai‐Xia , Du Fang‐Hui , Liu Ling‐Yang , Kong Xiang‐Jin , Li Heng‐Xiang , Ding Lei , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Li Zong‐Ge , Zhou Yao , Zhang Shao‐Jian , Wang Yao , Zhen Chun‐hua , Li Jun‐Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZn‐I2 battery with four‐electron reaction path (I−/I2/I+) in the cathode delivers high energy density, which however is thermodynamically not favored as I+ is metastable. Herein, it is demonstrated that conjugated 2P valence electrons in graphitic framework can be relocated, offering chances to stabilize I+ species. Combinations of 2P elements (B, N, C, O) with various configurations are first screened computationally, identifying O─B─C─N as the optimal structure. In this B‐centered domain, the adjacent O and meta‐positioned N, owing to more valence electrons and higher electronegativity, are found to withdraw electrons from surrounding C atoms and enrich 2Pz orbital of the electron‐deficient B site at Fermi level; with weak electronegativity, the electronically enriched B tends to donate electrons to the reactants, which thus can stabilize I+ and also enhance adsorption of iodine species on the carbon host. Carbon nanosheets with abundant O─B─C─N domains are developed accordingly; the relevant Zn‐I2 battery shows a large capacity of 420.3 mAh g−1 and high coulombic efficiency of 98.9% under 0.8 A g−1; moreover, it can stand for 9000 cycles with a capacity retention of 88.8%. This computation‐guided study presents how the interplay of various 2p‐elements can be manipulated to pursue an efficient carbon host for novel Zn‐I2 batteries.
Heterojunction Ferroelectric Materials Enhance Ion Transport and Fast Charging of Polymer Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shan Jiayao , Gu Rong , Xu Jinting , Gong Shuaiqi , Guo Shuainan , Xu Qunjie , Shi Penghui , Min YuLin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes offer great promise for all‐solid‐state batteries, but their advancement is constrained due to the low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and non‐uniform ion transport, which hampers fast‐charging capabilities. In this study, a ferroelectric heterojunction composite is incorporated into poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) based solid electrolytes to establish an interfacial electric field that enhances lithium salt dissociation and promotes uniform ion deposition. Electrospun 1D BaTiO3 nanofibers serve as a long‐range organic/inorganic (polymer/filler) interface for ion transport, while MoSe2 hydrothermally grown on BaTiO3 forms Li2Se‐rich high‐speed ion conductors. The piezoelectric effect of the ferroelectric material helps suppress lithium dendrite growth by reversing internal charges and reducing local overpotentials. Consequently, the PVBM electrolyte achieves a substantia ionic conductivity of 6.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a Li‐ion transference number of 0.61 at 25 °C. The LiFePO4/PVBM/Li solid‐state batteries demonstrate an initial discharge capacity of 146 mAh g−1 at 1 C, with a capacity preservation of 80.2% upon completion of 1200 cycles, and an initial discharge capacity of 110.7 mAh g−1 at 5 C. These findings highlight the prospect of ferroelectric ceramic fillers to significantly improve ion transport and fast‐charging performance in polymer electrolytes.
Analysis of the characteristics and management of perforated peptic ulcer from 2011 to 2022: A multicenter and retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Hoshi Hiromasa , Endo Akira , Ito Koji , Akutsu Tomohiro , Odera Hikaru , Shiraki Hideto , Ito Kei , Yokoyama Takeshi , Narita Yasukazu , Masuda Taro , Suekane Akira , Morishita Koji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimAlthough perforated peptic ulcer is common in Japan, few large‐scale studies have assessed its management, including surgical procedures and outcomes. This study aimed to survey the characteristics, management, and outcomes of perforated peptic ulcer.MethodsA multicenter retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted across seven centers in Japan between 2011 and 2022. Perforated peptic ulcer was defined as gastric or duodenal ulcer perforation, excluding malignant or iatrogenic perforation.ResultsWe enrolled 703 patients with perforated peptic ulcer. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 35/703 (5.0%). Conservative treatment was performed as an initial treatment in 217/703 (30.9%) patients, among whom 52 (24.0%) eventually underwent surgery. The median age (interquartile range) of patients who successfully completed the conservative treatment was 60 (46–71) years. A total of 538/703 (76.5%) patients underwent surgery. The gastrectomy percentage increased with the perforation diameter. The anastomotic leakage rate for gastrectomy was high in 10/66 (15.2%) patients. Laparoscopy was performed in 115/538 (21.4%) patients, among whom 23 (20.0%) were converted to open surgery. Patients who underwent laparoscopy had a perforation diameter ≤ 20 mm. The use of laparoscopy varied among facilities, ranging from 1.8% to 61.2%.ConclusionThe in‐hospital mortality rate for perforated peptic ulcer in this study was 5.0%, and conservative treatment was safely performed even in elderly patients. As the perforation diameter increased, the rate of gastrectomy tended to rise, and the rate of anastomotic leakage in those patients was high. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry; UMIN000054391.
Patient‐Reported Outcome Scale for Allergic Rhinitis (AR‐PRO): Development and Validation in China
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ren Jiaming , Chen Tao , Wang Jiajia , Li Jiansheng , Xie Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) have become indispensable measures in allergic rhinitis (AR) clinical trials. However, there is currently no scale specifically designed for the Chinese population. This study aimed to develop and validate the patient‐reported outcome scale for allergic rhinitis (AR‐PRO) to provide a reliable tool for AR patients in China.MethodsWe analyzed the relevant literature and medical records, and conducted interviews and panel discussions to develop the conceptual framework and generate the item pool. We subjected the collected items to removal, mergence, or modification to form the initial scale through a qualitative review by experts and patients. Subsequently, we conducted two field surveys to select items for the final scale based on the classical test theory and item response theory (IRT). Finally, we conducted a formal survey to assess the measurement properties of the AR‐PRO.ResultsThe AR‐PRO comprised 20 items across four domains, including physiology, psychology, environment, and satisfaction. The Cronbach's α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two AR‐PRO‐based measurements were 0.910 and 0.950, respectively. The content validity, structural validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity all met relevant standards. The item analysis results based on IRT were acceptable. Both the response rate and completion rate of the scale were 100%, and the average completion time was 380.4 ± 123.6 s.ConclusionThe 20‐item AR‐PRO developed may be a reliable and scientific measure for AR clinical trials as it exhibited good reliability, validity, and feasibility.
Obtaining Damage Parameters for Out‐of‐Plane Adhesive Failure in Epoxy–Aluminum Interface
Authors: Dizaji Shahram A. , Khabaz‐Aghdam Ata , İbrahimoğlu Fatih 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the out‐of‐plane adhesive failure mechanisms at the interface between Araldite 2011 epoxy adhesive and aluminum surfaces. Pull‐off tests were performed on aluminum substrates, which were prepared using various grades of sandpaper to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive strength. The results showed that aluminum surfaces treated with P150 sandpaper provided better adhesion compared to other surface preparations. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and visual inspections of the fracture surfaces confirmed that interfacial adhesive failure was the dominant failure mode. A modified triangular traction–separation (TS) damage model was developed to characterize the adhesive/aluminum interface, taking into account the influence of surface roughness. This model was constructed using load–displacement data from the pull‐off tests. Additionally, a 2D axisymmetric finite‐element model was created to simulate the mechanical behavior of the system, and the TS model was validated against experimental results. The numerical analysis revealed that the interfacial region experiencing adhesive failure played a critical role in the load–displacement response of the pull‐off specimens.
Ballistic Penetration Behavior of a Novel Tissue Analogs Paraffin Target: Experiment, Simulation, and Theory
Authors: Qiao Yakun , Wang Jie , Lei Di , Nie Shuyan , Wei Zhen , Gong Liangfei , Wang Jianmin , Liu Zhanfang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe tissue analog targets (TATs) are widely used in biodamage and weapon damage effectiveness evaluation research. Given the issues of commonly used TATs, such as the low plasticity of gelatin and the environmental pollution caused by the fabrication of soap, this paper innovatively proposes to use paraffin as the raw material for making TATs. Firstly, the paraffin target samples are prepared by melt casting process, and the quasi‐static mechanical properties, antibullet properties, and corresponding ballistic characteristics of paraffin targets are obtained by MTS quasi‐static test and 7.62 mm ballistic gun test, respectively. Then, LS‐DYNA is utilized to construct the finite‐element (FE) model of fragment penetration on a ballistic paraffin target. After validating the FE model with ballistic gun test data, we systematically simulate the ballistic penetration behavior of fragments with different materials, shapes, and geometries on ballistic paraffin targets, and reveal the relationship between the depth of penetration of the ballistic paraffin target and the impact velocity of various fragments. Based on the classic penetration resistance theory, a theoretical model for predicting the depth of penetration on ballistic paraffin targets has been established, and the quantitative expressions for the fragment shape and material parameters in the proposed model are given by considering both data of the ballistic gun test and the FE simulation. This work can provide novel ideas and methods for the development and upgrading of TATs.
Efficient Preparation of Gallic Acid‐Incorporated Polyaniline as an Electrode Material With Tunable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zheng Xinjian , Qi Fei , Zhang Qiao , Yu Xianghua , Huang Huabo , Ji Jiayou , Li Liang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs the demand for high‐performance energy storage devices continues to boom, the electrode materials with large specific capacitance and long‐term stability for supercapacitors have garnered significant attention. In this study, gallic acid (GA)‐incorporated polyaniline (GA/PANI) nanomaterials were prepared through in situ polymerization in different reaction temperatures and different feed proportions. The formation and physicochemical features of GA/PANI were certified by XRD, FTIR, UV‐Vis, and SEM analysis. The electrochemical analysis revealed an enhanced specific capacitance of 635 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1and a capacitance retention of 96.0% after 10,000 cyclic voltammetry tests at a scan rate of 200 mV s−1 for GA/PANI1:10. The assembled supercapacitor based on GA/PANI1:10 displays a high energy density of 49.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 301 W kg−1. Therefore, these results verified the suitability of GA/PANI nanomaterial as an electrode material for the practical application in supercapacitor with long‐term reliability and rate capacity.
Studying the Synergistic Effects of Molecularly Imprinted Orthophenylenediamine and MXene/COOH‐MWCNT Composite for Vitro Diagnosis of Bilirubin in Human Serum
Authors: Manoj  , Ghrera Aditya Sharma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, a molecularly imprinted sensor based on a composite of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and carboxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (COOH‐MWCNT) is prepared for bilirubin (BR) detection in human serum. The surface morphology and structure of the synthesized composite are characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) along with elemental dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of the BR imprint is confirmed via FESEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) under optimized experimental parameters. The BR imprinted electrode is prepared on the MXene/COOH‐MWCNT composite‐modified electrode by using CV in 6 mM ortho‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) containing 2 mM BR in sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 5, 0.1 M). The linear range, limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity are calculated as 0.1–20 mg/dL, 0.002 mg/dL, and 11.7 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. In addition, selectivity, reusability, reproducibility, and stability studies are performed on the prepared electrode.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polylactic Acid Blend Foams Loaded With Curcuma longa L. and Hypericum perforatum Extracts Towards Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Bužarovska Aleksandra , Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska , Karamanolevski Predrag , Popa Andreea Daniela , Dinescu Sorina , Avérous Luc 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to fabricate and evaluate TPU/polylactic acid foams loaded with natural extracts of Curcuma longa L. (C) and Hypericum perforatum (H) for WD application. In the frame of the structure/properties relationships study, different and complementary analyzes for WD materials, such as water contact angles measurements, water vapor transmission rate, water absorption, and extracts release studies were performed, in connection with the structural and thermal characterizations performed using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform spectroscopy. The water absorption capacity of the blank blend foam and foams loaded with extracts (C and H) was found to be in the range of 8.31% ± 0.27, 90.7% ± 4.1 and 164% ± 4.0%, respectively. The loaded foams presented cumulative extracts release of 45.5% ± 2% (C) and 100% ± 1.1% (H) within 96 h and acceptable water vapor transmission rate in the range of 2088 ± 66 and 3520 ± 991 g·m−2·24 h−1, respectively. Summary, the investigated foams, enriched with both extracts, showed excellent performances in agreement with WD materials requirements, higher cell viability and proliferation compared to the reference foams, as well as non‐cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts in experimental conditions.
Finite‐time extended state observer‐based sliding mode control of near‐space vehicle systems
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ye Zehua , Zhang Dan , Cheng Jun , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis brief is aimed to deal with the intelligent control problem of near‐space vehicle (NSV) systems, where the sliding mode control (SMC) frame based on a finite‐time extended state observer (FTESO) is adopted. First, a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to capture the nonlinear dynamics of NSV systems. Second, a FTESO is devised to estimate state and nonlinear external perturbation. Third, a robust SMC algorithm based on estimated state and external disturbance is designed to realize the attitude angle tracking target of the NSV system. In the simulation part, a re‐entry NSV control task is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.