bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macrofauna associated to the bamboo coral Isidella elongata: to what extent the impact on isideidae affects diversification of deep-sea fauna
Authors: Cartes J. E. , Díaz-Viñolas D. , González-Irusta J. M. , Serrano A. , Mohamed S. , Lombarte A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMacrofauna associated with the bamboo coral Isidella elongata was analysed in the Balearic Basin at depths of 697–1308 m. The diversity of associated macrofauna and the specific associations identified depended on different morphological characteristics of colonies, such as height or density of rami. Species associated with Isidella consisted mainly of sessile fauna, such as cnidarians (the actinian Amphianthus dornhii and the solitary coral Desmophyllum dianthus) and cirripeds (Gibossaverruca sp.). The strongest relationship (commensalism) occurred for the Pontogeneiidae amphipod Dautzenbergia megacheir, living attached to colonies of Isidella and represented by all population stages from adult (oostegal) females and males to juveniles. Species-coral relationships between Dautzenbergia and bamboo corals (Isididae) are plausible. Dautzenbergia spp. showed morphological differences between Atlantic (described by Walker 1897 as “eyes wanting”) and Mediterranean (with well-developed reddish eyes) specimens. This would suggest diversification of this genus, as has been recently suggested for Pleustidae associated with deep gorgonians. The diversity of the macrofaunal community associated with I. elongata was higher in the most mature (larger colonies with higher density) fields found NW of Mallorca, with higher colonies than in other parts of the Mediterranean. This was the only site where Gibossaverruca sp. (a first Mediterranean faunal record) and D. dianthus were collected. These complex associations between macrofauna and deep-water corals may provide arguments to protect these fragile ecosystems as a source of faunal diversity and diversification.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measures as biomarkers of disease progression in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a phase 2 trial of domagrozumab
Authors: Sherlock Sarah P. , Palmer Jeffrey , Wagner Kathryn R. , Abdel-Hamid Hoda Z. , Bertini Enrico , Tian Cuixia , Mah Jean K. , Kostera-Pruszczyk Anna , Muntoni Francesco , Guglieri Michela , Brandsema John F. , Mercuri Eugenio , Butterfield Russell J. , McDonald Craig M. , Charnas Lawrence , Marraffino Shannon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene that results in a lack of functional dystrophin protein. Herein, we report the use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures as biomarkers in the context of a multicenter phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the myostatin inhibitor domagrozumab in ambulatory boys with DMD (n = 120 aged 6 to < 16 years). MRI scans of the thigh to measure muscle volume, muscle volume index (MVI), fat fraction, and T2 relaxation time were obtained at baseline and at weeks 17, 33, 49, and 97 as per protocol. These quantitative MRI measurements appeared to be sensitive and objective biomarkers for evaluating disease progression, with significant changes observed in muscle volume, MVI, and T2 mapping measures over time. To further explore the utility of quantitative MRI measures as biomarkers to inform longer term functional changes in this cohort, a regression analysis was performed and demonstrated that muscle volume, MVI, T2 mapping measures, and fat fraction assessment were significantly correlated with longer term changes in four-stair climb times and North Star Ambulatory Assessment functional scores. Finally, less favorable baseline measures of MVI, fat fraction of the muscle bundle, and fat fraction of lean muscle were significant risk factors for loss of ambulation over a 2-year monitoring period. These analyses suggest that MRI can be a valuable tool for use in clinical trials and may help inform future functional changes in DMD.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02310763; registered December 2014.
Objective evaluation of laparoscopic surgical skills in wet lab training based on motion analysis and machine learning
Authors: Ebina Koki , Abe Takashige , Hotta Kiyohiko , Higuchi Madoka , Furumido Jun , Iwahara Naoya , Kon Masafumi , Miyaji Kou , Shibuya Sayaka , Lingbo Yan , Komizunai Shunsuke , Kurashima Yo , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Murai Sachiyo , Tsujita Teppei , Sase Kazuya , Chen Xiaoshuai , Konno Atsushi , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background

Our aim was to build a skill assessment system, providing objective feedback to trainees based on the motion metrics of laparoscopic surgical instruments.

Methods
Participants performed tissue dissection around the aorta (tissue dissection task) and renal parenchymal closure (parenchymal-suturing task), using swine organs in a box trainer under a motion capture (Mocap) system. Two experts assessed the recorded movies, according to the formula of global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills (GOALS: score range, 5–25), and the mean scores were utilized as objective variables in the regression analyses. The correlations between mean GOALS scores and Mocap metrics were evaluated, and potential Mocap metrics with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value exceeding 0.4 were selected for each GOALS item estimation. Four regression algorithms, support vector regression (SVR), principal component analysis (PCA)-SVR, ridge regression, and partial least squares regression, were utilized for automatic GOALS estimation. Model validation was conducted by nested and repeated k-fold cross validation, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of each regression model.

Results
Forty-five urologic, 9 gastroenterological, and 3 gynecologic surgeons, 4 junior residents, and 9 medical students participated in the training. In both tasks, a positive correlation was observed between the speed-related parameters (e.g., velocity, velocity range, acceleration, jerk) and mean GOALS scores, with a negative correlation between the efficiency-related parameters (e.g., task time, path length, number of opening/closing operations) and mean GOALS scores. Among the 4 algorithms, SVR showed the highest accuracy in the tissue dissection task ($${\mathrm{MAE}}_{\mathrm{median}}=2.2352$$

MAE
median

=
2.2352

), and PCA-SVR in the parenchymal-suturing task ($${\mathrm{MAE}}_{\mathrm{median}}=1.2714$$

MAE
median

=
1.2714

), based on 100 iterations of the validation process of automatic GOALS estimation.

Conclusion
We developed a machine learning–based GOALS scoring system in wet lab training, with an error of approximately 1–2 points for the total score, and motion metrics that were explainable to trainees. Our future challenges are the further improvement of onsite GOALS feedback, exploring the educational benefit of our model and building an efficient training program.
Extracellular vesicles with diagnostic and therapeutic potential for prion diseases
Authors: Khadka Arun , Spiers Jereme G. , Cheng Lesley , Hill Andrew F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrion diseases (PrD) or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are invariably fatal and pathogenic neurodegenerative disorders caused by the self-propagated misfolding of cellular prion protein (PrPC) to the neurotoxic pathogenic form (PrPTSE) via a yet undefined but profoundly complex mechanism. Despite several decades of research on PrD, the basic understanding of where and how PrPC is transformed to the misfolded, aggregation-prone and pathogenic PrPTSE remains elusive. The primary clinical hallmarks of PrD include vacuolation-associated spongiform changes and PrPTSE accumulation in neural tissue together with astrogliosis. The difficulty in unravelling the disease mechanisms has been related to the rare occurrence and long incubation period (over decades) followed by a very short clinical phase (few months). Additional challenge in unravelling the disease is implicated to the unique nature of the agent, its complexity and strain diversity, resulting in the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations and potentially diverse disease mechanisms. Recent advances in tissue isolation and processing techniques have identified novel means of intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contribute to PrPTSE transmission in PrD. This review will comprehensively discuss PrPTSE transmission and neurotoxicity, focusing on the role of EVs in disease progression, biomarker discovery and potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PrD.
Occupations in the European Labour Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Flisi Sara , Santangelo Giulia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to capture the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market, several aspects need to be taken into account. First, containment measures put in place in member states at different times and with different levels of severity determined the interruption of several economic activities that were considered non-essential. Second, different occupations require varying degrees of physical proximity and social interaction to be carried out; this implies that they can be considered more or less teleworkable, and affected by different levels of epidemiological risk of contagion. This paper shows the labour market impact of the pandemic on different categories of workers in the EU. Occupations are distinguished by three main characteristics: whether they are critical or non-critical, their level of technical teleworkability and the level of social interaction required in the job. We show that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market has been heterogeneous across occupations and that all three dimensions are relevant to determine whether and to what extent the occupations were affected by the pandemic.
Comparative nonlinear soil-structure interaction analyses using macro-element and soil-block modelling approaches
Authors: Cavalieri Francesco , Correia António A. , Pinho Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn dynamic soil-structure interaction problems, involving the coupling of structure, foundation and soil, the use of a nonlinear macro-element modelling approach may result particularly advantageous not only to consider nonlinear effects and thus avoid the introduction of possible bias in seismic risk assessment analyses, especially when ground motion intensity levels are high, but also to greatly reduce the heavy computational effort required by 3D finite element soil-block models. In this work, a footing macro-element that models the soil nonlinear behaviour at near-field, as well as the far-field dynamic impedance and energy dissipation through radiation damping, is verified against results obtained from the analysis with OpenSees of a 3D nonlinear soil-block model, itself verified through cross-checks and cross-modelling efforts with equivalent-linear analyses in STRATA and nonlinear analyses in DEEPSOIL. Considering two soil profiles of different complexity and two records of different intensity, one of which leads to extensive soil nonlinearity, the soil-block is verified first. Then, the macro-element model, available in SeismoStruct, is verified against the soil-block model in terms of structural response of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system as well as near-field soil-footing behaviour.
Fine spectral estimates with applications to the optimally fast solution of large FDE linear systems
Authors: Bogoya Manuel , Grudsky Sergei M. , Serra–Capizzano Stefano , Tablino–Possio Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present article we consider a type of matrices stemming in the context of the numerical approximation of distributed order fractional differential equations (FDEs). From one side they could look standard, since they are real, symmetric and positive definite. On the other hand they cause specific difficulties which prevent the successful use of classical tools. In particular the associated matrix-sequence, with respect to the matrix-size, is ill-conditioned and it is such that a generating function does not exists, but we face the problem of dealing with a sequence of generating functions with an intricate expression. Nevertheless, we obtain a real interval where the smallest eigenvalue belongs to, showing also its asymptotic behavior. We observe that the new bounds improve those already present in the literature and give more accurate pieces of spectral information, which are in fact used in the design of fast numerical algorithms for the associated large linear systems, approximating the given distributed order FDEs. Very satisfactory numerical results are presented and critically discussed, while a section with conclusions and open problems ends the current work.
Improving Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Autistic Individuals: A Delphi Survey with Practitioners
Authors: Spain Debbie , Milner Victoria , Mason David , Iannelli Hannah , Attoe Chris , Ampegama Ruwani , Kenny Lorcan , Saunders Aleks , Happé Francesca , Marshall-Tate Karina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is emerging evidence of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for autistic individuals, in particular to address anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. Many CBT studies have incorporated relatively stringent standards, with regards to participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, delivery of manualised approaches and assurance of therapist training and oversight. We know less about what happens in routine CBT practice and, importantly, how service provision can be improved for autistic individuals. The present study recruited 50 CBT practitioners to a three round Delphi survey. The aims were to elicit professionals’ perspectives regarding barriers to the acceptability and effectiveness of CBT for autistic individuals, and to generate consensus, both about ways of enhancing service provision, as well as the autism-relevant training needs of CBT practitioners. Study findings indicated six barriers to accessible and effective CBT for autistic individuals, relating to service provision, practitioner-related factors, client-related factors, CBT-related factors, national guidelines, and systemic considerations. There was participant consensus that changes in five domains (specifically relating to process issues, service provision, practitioners, techniques and therapeutic approach) could improve the CBT care pathway. Consensus was generated about the training needs of CBT practitioners: training about autism, CBT-specific issues, co-occurring conditions and engagement, were deemed fundamental for enhancing practice. Participants also identified autism-relevant issues for clinical supervision. Further sustained research is needed to determine the effects of adapted service provision and improved practitioner knowledge and skills on the outcomes of autistic individuals who have CBT.
New data in Porotheleaceae and Cyphellaceae: epitypification of Prunulus scabripes Murrill, the status of Mycopan Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys and a new combination in Pleurella Horak emend.
Authors: Vizzini Alfredo , Consiglio Giovanni , Marchetti Mauro , Borovička Jan , Campo Emanuele , Cooper Jerry , Lebeuf Renée , Ševčíková Hana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycopan is a genus established for Hydropus scabripes by Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (in Redhead 2013). They considered the genus to be distinct based on morphology and the phylogenetic analysis by Moncalvo et al. (2002) which included a sequence of Hydropus scabripes (AF042635, DAOM 192847) unrelated to the type species of Hydropus (H. fuliginarius). Subsequent sequences of material identified as Hydropus scabripes are not conspecific with the sequence of DAOM 192847. We consider this sequence (obtained from a mycelium culture) to be misidentified. We investigated the true phylogenetic position of authentic Mycopan including genera previously included in Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae. Sixteen collections of M. scabripes from Europe and North America were studied on morphological and molecular basis (nrITS and nrLSU sequences). No sequences were obtained from the holotype of Mycopan scabripes, and we designate an epitype to fix the interpretation of this species and the genus Mycopan. Mycopan is maintained as a good genus nested within Cyphellaceae as sister to the mycenoid genus Atheniella. The misidentified Hydropus scabripes AF042635 (DAOM 192847) represents a different species that is closely related to the holotype (and a new Italian collection) of Hebelomina microspora and the monospecific genus Pleurella described from New Zealand. Consequently, Hebelomina microspora is transferred to the emended genus Pleurella, which is sister to Baeospora within the Cyphellaceae. Additionally, based on these phylogenetic results, an updated taxonomic arrangement of Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae is proposed, emphasizing once again the polyphyletic nature of Hydropus and Gerronema.
Effects of Laser Shock Peening on Surface Roughness and Residual Stress of AA 7050-T7451
Authors: Attolico Michele Angelo , Barile Claudia , Casavola Caterina , Moramarco Vincenzo , Furfari Domenico , Busse David Osman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface treatment techniques such as laser shock peening (LSP) represent a consolidated strategy to induce the presence of compressive residual stresses beneath the surface of various metallic alloys. However, surface roughening caused by the process must be monitored, since it may negatively affect fatigue life, resulting in earlier crack initiation. For this reason, the interplay between the key factors affecting both the surface roughness and the development of residual stresses was experimentally examined. The surface roughness was assessed through the determination of roughness average and roughness total height values, whereas residual stresses were assessed using the x-ray diffraction technique and hole drilling method to obtain information about the stress status of the components. Higher values of laser power density resulted in higher values of maximum compressive stress both along scanning and stepping direction and residual stresses remained approximately constant up to a depth of about 0.7-0.8 mm beneath the treated surface. No substantial difference was observed between the residual stress components in the two main LSP directions. Moreover, it was found that the approach to use lower values of nominal power density together with a higher number of layers allows obtaining the same stress condition determined by the use of the highest value of nominal power density but a significantly lower impact on the surface roughness.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Deformation Behavior of CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Particles onto Various Substrates During Cold Spraying
Authors: Akisin C. J. , Bennett C. J. , Venturi F. , Assadi H. , Hussain T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bonding mechanisms of a wide range of metallic materials in cold spraying have been studied, mainly attributed to adiabatic shear instability (ASI) at high strain rates, whereas the impact and deformation behavior of high entropy alloys (HEAs) onto various substrates has not been widely explored. HEAs have been characterized by excellent strain-hardening ability and high resistance to shear localization, which can influence their bonding mechanism during cold spray. In this study, experimental and numerical analyses of single-particle impact behavior during cold spraying of CoCrFeNiMn onto commercially pure aluminum (CP Al), aluminum alloy (Al6082), stainless steel (SS304), and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrates were carried out. The impact morphology revealed ASI in the HEA particle, and SS304 and Ti6Al4V substrates. The HEA/SS304 pair showed a higher critical velocity compared to HEA/Ti6Al4V due to the lower density and thermal conductivity of Ti6Al4V compared to SS304. Mechanical interlocking was observed on CP Al and Al6082 substrates and was attributed to the localized deformation of the substrates. An empirical equation showed this is influenced by the particle density and substrate hardness. This work critically evaluates and provides a better understanding of HEA particle–substrates deformation behavior, expanding its applicability to a wider range of substrates.
Lagrangian skeleta and plane curve singularities
Authors: Casals Roger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe construct closed arboreal Lagrangian skeleta associated to links of isolated plane curve singularities. This yields closed Lagrangian skeleta for Weinstein pairs$$(\mathbb {C}^2,\Lambda )$$(C2,Λ)and Weinstein 4-manifolds$$W(\Lambda )$$W(Λ)associated to max-tb Legendrian representatives of algebraic links$$\Lambda \subseteq (\mathbb {S}^3,\xi _\text {st})$$Λ⊆(S3,ξst). We provide computations of Legendrian and Weinstein invariants, and discuss the contact topological nature of the Fomin–Pylyavskyy–Shustin–Thurston cluster algebra associated to a singularity. Finally, we present a conjectural ADE-classification for Lagrangian fillings of certain Legendrian links and list some related problems.
Predictors of Nodal Metastasis in Cutaneous Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Han Albert Y. , John Maie A. St. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The complex and varied drainage patterns in the head and neck present a challenge in the regional control of cutaneous neoplasms. Lymph node involvement significantly diminishes survival, often warranting more aggressive treatment. Here, we review the risk factors associated with lymphatic metastasis, in the context of the evolving role of sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Recent Findings
In cutaneous head and neck melanomas, tumor thickness, age, size, mitosis, ulceration, and specific histology have been associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM). In head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, tumor thickness, size, perineural invasion, and immunosuppression are all risk factors for nodal metastasis. The risk factors for lymph node involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma are not yet fully defined, but emerging evidence indicates that tumor thickness and size may be associated with regional metastasis.

Summary
The specific factors that predict a greater risk of LNM for cutaneous head and neck cancers generally include depth of invasion, tumor size, mitotic rate, ulceration, immunosuppression, and other histopathological factors.
Utilization of biomass-derived electrodes: a journey toward the high performance of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Yaqoob Asim Ali , Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir Mohamad , Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Rafatullah Mohd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to improve electron transfer and cobalt remediation efficiency through microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by modifying the electrode material. The fabrication and alteration of the anode can be accomplished by synthesizing biomass-derived graphene oxide (GO) and adding metal oxides (ZnO and TiO2) as modifiers. The prepared GO anode offered 0.148 mW/m2 power density while GO-ZnO delivered 8.2 times and GO-TiO2 composite anode delivered 5.3 times higher power density than GO. Similarly, the achieved current density of GO was 39.47 mA/m2 while GO-ZnO composite anode delivered 75.43 mA/m2 and GO-TiO2 composite anode offered 67.54 mA/m2. During the biological characterizations of biofilm, the Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were majorly found as exoelectrogens and metal-reducing species. The maximum remediation efficiency of cobalt (II) was 80.10% (GO), 91% (GO-ZnO composite anode), and 88.45% (GO-TiO2 composite anode) on day 45. The remediation and SEM results of anode biofilm clearly show that the prepared anodes are highly biocompatible with the bacteria. Furthermore, the effect of pH and temperature on MFCs performance are also explained with prepared anodes. Each anode offered significant perspectives in parameter optimizations.