bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined spectroscopy and intensity interferometry to determine the distances of the blue supergiants P Cygni and Rigel
Authors: de Almeida E S G , Hugbart M , Domiciano de Souza A , Rivet J-P , Vakili F , Siciak A , Labeyrie G , Garde O , Matthews N , Lai O , Vernet D , Kaiser R , Guerin W 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report on spatial intensity interferometry measurements within the  Hα line on two stars: the Luminous Blue Variable supergiant P Cygni and the late-type B supergiant Rigel. The experimental setup was upgraded to allow simultaneous measurement of two polarization channels, instead of one in our previous setup, and the zero baseline correlation function on-sky to validate independent estimates obtained from the stellar spectrum and the instrumental spectral throughput. Combined with simultaneous spectra measurements and based on radiative transfer models calculated with the code CMFGEN, we were able to fit our measured visibility curves to extract the stellar distances. Our distance determinations for both P Cygni (1.61 ± 0.18 kpc) and Rigel (0.26 ± 0.02 kpc) agree very well with the values provided by astrometry with the Gaia and Hipparcos missions, respectively. This result for Rigel was obtained by adopting a stellar luminosity of L⋆ = 123 000 L⊙, which is reported in the literature as being consistent with the Hipparcos distance to Rigel. However, due to the lack of consensus on Rigel’s luminosity, we also explore how the adoption of the stellar luminosity in our models affects our distance determination for Rigel. In conclusion, we support, in an independent way, the distance to Rigel as the one provided by the Hipparcos mission, when taking the luminosity of 123 000 L⊙ at face value. This study is the first successful step towards extending the application of the Wind Momentum Luminosity Relation method for distance calibration from an LBV supergiant to a more normal late-type B supergiant.
The strong suppression of galactic cosmic rays reaching AU Mic b, c, and Prox Cen b
Authors: Mesquita A L , Rodgers-Lee D , Vidotto A A , Kavanagh R D 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The propagation of Galactic cosmic rays is well understood in the context of the Solar system but is poorly studied for M dwarf systems. Quantifying the flux of cosmic rays reaching exoplanets is important since cosmic rays are relevant in the context of life. Here, we calculate the Galactic cosmic ray fluxes in AU Mic and Prox Cen planetary systems. We propagate the Galactic cosmic rays using a 1D cosmic ray transport model. We find for Prox Cen  b, AU Mic  b, and AU Mic  c that the Galactic cosmic ray fluxes are strongly suppressed and are lower than the fluxes reaching Earth. We include in our models, for the first time for a star other than the Sun, the effect of radial particle drift due to gradients and curvatures in the stellar magnetic field. For Prox Cen, we find that the inclusion of particle drift leads to less suppression of Galactic cosmic rays fluxes than when it is excluded from the model. In the case of AU Mic we explore two different wind environments, with a low and high stellar wind mass-loss rate. For AU Mic, the particle drift also leads to less suppression of the Galactic cosmic ray fluxes but it is only significant for the high mass-loss rate scenario. However, both wind scenarios for AU Mic suppress the Galactic cosmic rays strongly. Overall, careful modelling of stellar winds is needed to calculate the Galactic cosmic ray fluxes reaching exoplanets. The results found here can be used to interpret future exoplanet atmosphere observations and in atmospheric models.
ExoMol photodissociation cross-sections – I. HCl and HF
Authors: Pezzella Marco , Tennyson Jonathan , Yurchenko Sergei N 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Photon initiated chemistry, i.e. the interaction of light with chemical species, is a key factor in the evolution of the atmosphere of exoplanets. For planets orbiting stars in UV-rich environments, photodissociation induced by high-energy photons dominates the atmosphere composition and dynamics. The rate of photodissociation can be highly dependent on atmospheric temperature, as increased temperature leads to increased population of vibrational excited states and the consequent lowering of the photodissociation threshold. This paper inaugurates a new series of papers presenting computed temperature-dependent photodissociation cross-sections with rates generated for different stellar fields. Cross-sections calculations are performed by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for each electronic state involved in the process. Here, photodissociation cross-sections for hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride are computed for a grid of 34 temperatures between 0 and 10 000 K. Use of different radiation fields shows that for the Sun and cooler stars the photodissociation rate can increase exponentially for molecular temperatures above 1000 K; conversely the photodissociation rates in UV rich fields instead are almost insensitive to the temperature of the molecule. Furthermore, these rates show extreme sensitivity to the radiation model used for cool stars, suggesting that further work on these may be required. The provision of an ExoMol data base of cross-sections is discussed.
Quasi-periodic eruptions from galaxy nuclei
Authors: King Andrew 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
I consider quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) from galaxy nuclei. All the known cases fit naturally into a picture of accretion from white dwarfs (WDs) in highly eccentric orbits about the central black holes which decay through gravitational wave emission. I argue that ESO 243-39 HLX–1 is a QPE source at an earlier stage of this evolution, with a correspondingly longer period, more extreme eccentricity, and a significantly more massive WD donor. I show explicitly that mass transfer in QPE systems is always highly stable, despite recent claims to the contrary in the literature. This stability may explain the alternating long-short eruptions seen in some QPE sources. As the WD orbit decays, the eruptions occupy larger fractions of the orbit and become brighter, making searches for quasi-periodicities in bright low-mass galaxy nuclei potentially fruitful.
The Si + SO2 collision and an extended network of neutral–neutral reactions between silicon and sulphur bearing species
Authors: Campanha Danilo R , Mendoza Edgar , Silva Mateus X , Velloso Paulo F G , Carvajal Miguel , Wakelam Valentine , Galvão Breno R L 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The Si + SO2 reaction is investigated to verify its impact on the abundances of molecules with astrochemical interest, such as SiS, SiO, SO, and others. According to our results Si(3P) and SO2 react barrierlessly yielding only the monoxides SO and SiO as products. No favourable pathway has been found leading to other products, and this reaction should not contribute to SiS abundance. Furthermore, it is predicted that SiS is stable in collisions with O2, and that S(3P) + SiO2 and O(3P)+OSiS will also produce SO + SiO. Using these results and gathering further experimental and computational data from the literature, we provide an extended network of neutral–neutral reactions involving Si- and S-bearing molecules. The effects of these reactions were examined in a protostellar shock model, using the nautilus gas–grain code. This consisted in simulating the physicochemical conditions of a shocked gas evolving from (i) primeval cold core, (ii) the shock region itself, (iii) and finally the gas bulk conditions after the passage of the shock. Emphasizing on the cloud ages and including systematically these chemical reactions, we found that [SiS/H2] can be of the order of ∼10−8 in shocks that evolves from clouds of t = 1 × 106 yr, whose values are mostly affected by the SiS + O $\longrightarrow$SiO + S reaction. Perspectives on further models along with observations are discussed in the context of sources harbouring molecular outflows.
TESS light curves of cataclysmic variables – I – Unknown periods in long-known stars
Authors: Bruch Albert 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Cataclysmic variables (CVs) exhibit a plethora of variable phenomena many of which require long, uninterrupted light curves to reveal themselves in detail. The month long data sets provided by TESS are well suited for this purpose. TESS has the additional advantage to have observed a huge number of stars, among them many CVs. Here, a search for periodic variations in a sample of CVs of the novalike and old novae subtypes is presented. In 10 of the 15 targets either previously unseen positive or negative superhumps or unusual features in known superhumps are identified. The TESS light curves demonstrate that the occurrence of superhumps in these types of CVs is not an exception but quite common. For 8 systems new or improved values for the orbital period are measured. In TV Col the long-sought optical manifestation of the white dwarf spin period is first seen in form of its orbital sideband. The mystery of multiple photometric periods observed in CP Pup in the past is explained by irregularly occurring anomalous states which are reflected in the light curve.
X-ray timing and spectral analysis of reverberating active galactic nuclei
Authors: Hancock S , Young A J , Chainakun P 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the publicly available XMM–Newton archive to select a sample of 20 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known to exhibit reverberation signatures caused by the reflection of X-rays from the corona off the accretion disc that feeds the central black hole engine. Inverse Compton scattering by energetic electrons, coupled with accretion disc fluctuations give rise to the highly variable observed X-ray spectrum, the behaviour of which is still not fully understood. We use 121 observations in 3–4 distinct spectral states for each source and calculate the time lags as a function of frequency. We fit the relativistic reflection model RELXILL and explore parameter correlations. The known scaling relationship between the black hole mass and time lag is well recovered and the continuum flux is coupled strongly to the disc reflection flux. We also find that 1H 0707−495 and IRAS 13224−3809 are well described using reflection and absorption modelling in a variety of flux states. The reflection fraction is strongly coupled to the power-law photon index and may be linked to dynamics of the emitting region. The data reveal hints of the power law evolutionary turnover when the 2–10 keV Eddington fraction is ∼0.02, the origin of which is not fully understood. Finally, we report the covering fraction is inversely correlated with the flux and power-law photon index in IRAS 13224−3809. These findings support recent studies of 1H 0707−495 where the covering fraction may contribute to the observed variability via flux modulations from non-uniform orbiting clouds.
Testing the role of AGN on the star formation and metal enrichment of ‘twin galaxies’
Authors: Angthopo J , del Moral-Castro I , Ferreras I , García-Lorenzo B , Ramos Almeida C 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore the effect of AGN activity on the star formation history of galaxies by analysing the stellar population properties of 10 pairs of nearby twin galaxies – selected as being visually similar except for the presence of an AGN. The selection of such twin samples represents a method to study AGN feedback, as recently proposed by del Moral Castro et al. We use integral field unit (IFU) data from CALIFA, stacked within three fixed apertures. AGN galaxies in a twin pair suggest more evolved stellar populations than their non-AGN counterpart 90 per cent of the time, regardless of aperture size. A comparison with a large sample from SDSS confirms that most twins are representative of the general population, but in each twin the differences between twin members is significant. A set of targeted line strengths reveal the AGN member of a twin pair is older and more metal-rich than the non-AGN galaxy, suggesting AGN galaxies in our sample may either have an earlier formation time or follow a different star formation and chemical enrichment history. These results are discussed within two simple, contrasting hypotheses for the role played by AGN in galaxy evolution, which can be tested in the future at a greater detail with the use of larger data sets.
Decreased Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019–Related Hospitalization Associated With the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Ridgway Jessica P , Tideman Samuel , Wright Bill , Robicsek Ari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Among 134 223 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we assessed how risk of hospitalization changed at different intervals in the pandemic, controlling for prior COVID-19 immunity. In multivariable analysis, outpatients with COVID-19 during the Omicron-predominant time period had significantly lower odds of hospitalization compared to pre-Delta (adjusted odds ratio, 0.26 [95% confidence interval, .22–.32]).
Wallacean and Melanesian Islands Promote Higher Rates of Diversification within the Global Passerine Radiation Corvides
Authors: McCullough Jenna M , Oliveros Carl H , Benz Brett W , Zenil-Ferguson Rosana , Cracraft Joel , Moyle Robert G , Andersen Michael J 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation and island biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact of the layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches and isolated island systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One such barrier is Wallace’s Line, a significant biogeographic boundary that largely separates Australian and Asian biodiversity. To assess the relative roles of biogeographic barriers—specifically isolated island systems and Wallace’s Line—we investigated the tempo and mode of diversification in a diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows and Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, and allies). We combined a genus-level data set of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and a species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce a well-resolved supermatrix tree that we leveraged to explore the group’s historical biogeography and the effects of the biogeographic barriers on their macroevolutionary dynamics. The tree is well resolved and differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. We confirmed that Corvides, and its major constituent clades, arose in Australia and that a burst of dispersals west across Wallace’s Line occurred after the uplift of Wallacea during the mid-Miocene. We found that dispersal across this biogeographic barrier was generally rare, though westward dispersals were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea’s central position between Sundaland and Sahul no doubt acted as a bridge for island-hopping dispersal out of Australia, across Wallace’s Line, to colonize the rest of Earth. In addition, we found that the complex island archipelagoes east of Wallace’s Line harbor the highest rates of net diversification and are a substantial source of colonists to continental systems on both sides of this biogeographic barrier. Our results support emerging evidence that island systems, particularly the geologically complex archipelagoes of the Indo-pacific, are drivers of species diversification. [Historical biogeography; island biogeography; Melanesia; molecular phylogenetics; state-dependent diversification and extinction.]
Analysis of A-kinase Anchoring Protein 13 (AKAP13) in Peri-Ovulatory Oocyte Maturation [A328]
Authors: ScM Shahrzad Khaiat , Baig-Ward K. Maravet , Segars James , Evans Janice P. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Arrest of oocytes at prophase I of meiosis is crucial for fertility and is maintained by Protein Kinase A (PKA). PKA activity is regulated by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that bind the regulatory subunit of PKA to control enzymatic activity. AKAP13 is expressed in oocytes and granulosa cells of humans and mice. Female mice haploinsufficient for Akap13 showed reduced litter sizes. To determine if AKAP13 in oocytes contributes to female reproductive function, we used an oocyte-specific conditional knockout (cKO) to delete Akap13 in the final stages of oocyte growth.

METHODS:
Oocytes were collected from mice harboring an oocyte-specific conditional knockout of Akap13 mice, with Cre recombinase expression driven by the Zp3 promoter (Zp3-Cre+, Akap13flox/flox). Akap13 DNA and mRNA were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. Controls were oocytes harvested from Akap13+/flox mice lacking Cre. Oocytes from control or cKO mice were examined for morphology, meiotic resumption, spindle organization, and spindle positioning at metaphase II.

RESULTS:
Cre-mediated excision of Akap13 DNA in oocytes was confirmed using PCR. Oocyte mRNA levels of Akap13 in cKO mice were reduced by 90% compared to controls. Live-cell imaging revealed no differences in germinal vessel breakdown, polar body emission, or completion of meiosis I in cKO oocytes as compared to controls. Staining of fixed oocytes revealed that metaphase II spindles and chromosome alignment appeared normal in in vitro-matured cKO oocytes.

CONCLUSION:
These studies suggest that impairment of female fertility in Akap13 haploinsufficient mice is not caused by impairment of oocyte meiotic maturation.
The Promise of Telemedicine: Are We Reaching the Underserved? [A300]
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Danyal , Kulkarni Amita A. , Orakwue Chimsom F. , Ma Xiaoyue , Cantillo Evelyn , Chapman-Davis Eloise 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The use of telemedicine has dramatically increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated characteristics and experiences of underserved women utilizing telemedicine for gynecologic visits at an urban teaching hospital.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective study of patients using telemedicine for gynecologic care from January 2021–September 2021. Patients completed a demographic survey and a modified Telemedicine Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) using a 1-5 Likert scale. Statistical analyses used Fisher’s exact test.

RESULTS:
One hundred ninety two patients consented to participate, and 157 completed surveys. The majority of patients were non-White (Hispanic 32%, Black 28%, and Asian 10%), with a median age of 40 years (range 18–69 years). A total of 61% had children and some level of education (24% GED or below, 28% vocational/associate degree, and 47% college or above), and 41% were employed, with 63% reporting an income of less than $40,000, and 85% being government insured (Medicaid/Medicare). Without telemedicine visits, 47% would have traveled 1–2 hours to appointments, with 46% spending more than $35 on travel, and 27% missing at least 1 work day for an in-person visit. The most common visit indications were lab/imaging results review (37%), postoperative follow-up (21%), and abnormal uterine bleeding (14%). The mean score overall for the entire TUQ was 4.3/5. Participants preferred telemedicine for follow-up visits rather than for initial visits (81% vs. 33%; P<.01).

CONCLUSION:
Underserved women utilizing telemedicine for gynecologic care reported largely positive experiences with improved access to health care, cost, and time savings over in-person visits. However, a higher preference for utilization was found for follow-up visits, providing an opportunity to further improve quality and access.
Prevalence of and Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Pre– and Post–COVID-19 [A305]
Authors: McCracken Johanna , Vozzola Amanda , Vozzola David E. , Roussos-Ross Dikea (Kay) 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Current evidence suggests that the benefit of breastfeeding during the pandemic outweighs potential risks and may provide protection for the infant and mother. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the prevalence of breastfeeding changed after the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS:
With Institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart review of 916 randomly selected women seen between April 2019 and February 2020 (pre–COVID-19 cohort) and April 2020 and February 2021 (post–COVID-19 cohort) was conducted investigating demographics, birth history, breastfeeding, and insurance status. Bivariate correlations evaluated the relationships between breastfeeding and the data points.

RESULTS:
Overall breastfeeding rates between the pre– (72.5%) and post–COVID-19 (74.6%) cohorts were similar. Medicaid patients were less likely to breastfeed pre–COVID-19 (r=−0.13, P<.01) but were even less likely to breastfeed post–COVID-19 (r=−0.23, P<.001). Privately insured patients were more likely to breastfeed pre–COVID-19 (r=0.13, P<.01) and more so post–COVID-19 (r=0.22, P<.001). Black mothers were less likely to breastfeed pre– (r=−0.16, P<.01) and post–COVID-19 (r=−0.10, P<.05) when compared to other racial groups but were more likely to breastfeed post–COVID-19 than pre–COVID-19. Multiparous mothers were less likely to breastfeed similarly in both cohorts, pre– (r=−0.12, P<.05) and post–COVID-19 (r=0.15, P<.01). Factors that did not significantly influence breastfeeding included delivery type and White or Hispanic race.

CONCLUSION:
Uncertainty surrounding breastfeeding safety after the onset of COVID-19 did not significantly influence the prevalence of breastfeeding in our population. Private insurance and age positively influenced breastfeeding rates pre– and post–COVID-19, while Medicaid, Black race, and a higher number of pregnancies negatively influenced breastfeeding rates.
Sexual Assault and Homelessness in the Transgender Population: Are We Doing Enough? [A309]
Authors: Abern Lauren , Krempasky Chance , Diego Daniela , Maguire Karla 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Transgender individuals are more than four times more likely than cisgender people to experience traumatic events such as rape and sexual assault. The purpose of this study is to determine the percentage of transgender individuals in our cohort that experienced sexual assault and homelessness.

METHODS:
Transgender individuals aged 18-64 participated in an online survey that included demographics as well as social and reproductive history.

RESULTS:
996 surveys were collected. The mean age was 28 (SD 10, range 18-64). The majority of participants were White (810; 85%), non-Hispanic (859; 89%), and had insurance (893; 90%). 787 (79%) individuals identified as transmasculine or assigned female at birth, and 209 (21%) identified as transfeminine or assigned male at birth. Of all transgender people, 47% have ever been sexually assaulted: 362 (50%) of transmasculine individuals, and 72 (37%) of transfeminine individuals. Although 19% had been homeless, 88% of all transgender people currently feel safe where they live.

CONCLUSION:
Even in our predominately White, well-insured population, many survey respondents relayed a history of sexual assault, and one in five had been homeless. As obstetrics and gynecology providers, we should be aware of these numbers and consider universal screening for trauma. We should focus on providing trauma-informed care to help establish a safe physical and emotional environment for patients.