bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of rhamnolipid fabricated fucoxanthin loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles supported by simulation studies
Authors: Jaiswal Jyoti , Srivastav Amit Kumar , Patel Rahul , Kumar Umesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFucoxanthin is a hydrophobic carotenoid with many beneficial biological activities. However, due to low aqueous solubility their clinical efficacy is limited thus leading to poor oral bioavailability. To address this issue, we encapsulated fucoxanthin in rhamnolipid fabricated bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded nanoparticles (LNPs) for improving solubility dependent bioavailability of fucoxanthin.RESULTSThese synthesized LNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet (UV)‐visible spectrophotometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Our results showed that LNPs were spherical in shape with particle size around 180 nm along with positive zeta potential. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency calculated for LNPs were 69.66 ± 1.5% and 14 ± 0.2%, respectively. The antioxidant assay of LNPs indicate high radical scavenging activity compared to pure fucoxanthin. Besides this, our release studies indicates that drug release occur from the matrix of nanocarrier system through diffusion based on concentration. Thus, these findings indicate successful encapsulation of fucoxanthin, with improved solubility thereby leading to increased bioavailability. This nano formulation is derived from components which are FDA approved that could be exploited for encapsulating other vital nutraceutical molecules.CONCLUSIONOverall, our results showed successful synthesis of biodegradable nanocarrier for delivering fucoxanthin supported by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamics of free binding energy studies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The role of microencapsulation in maintaining biological activity of royal jelly: comparison with biological activity and bioaccessibility of microencapsulated, fresh and lyophilized forms during storage
Authors: Dundar Ayse Neslihan , Cinar Aycan , Altuntas Seda , Ulubayram Neslihan , Taner Gokce , Dagdelen Adnan Fatih , Demircan Huseyin , Oral Rasim Alper 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoyal jelly (RJ) is a unique beehive product and has been recommended for human health since ancient times because of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, neuroprotective, anti‐lipidemic and anti‐aging features. However, the biggest obstacle in the use of RJ is the need for cold storage and the instability of bioactive components over time. In the present study, 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10‐HDA) content, as well as antioxidant [using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazy and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) methods] and antimicrobial activity (five Gram‐positive, five Gram‐negative and three yeasts), were comparatively evaluated for three RJ forms, two of which can be stored at 24 ± 1 °C during storage.RESULTSMicroencapsulated royal jelly (MRJ) stored at room temperature succeeded in preserving its 10‐HDA content, a major bioactive compound, during the 6 months, with respect to lyophilized royal jelly (LRJ) and fresh RJ stored at 4 °C. The initial 10‐HDA contents of RJ, LRJ and MRJ were determined as 1.90%, 5.26% and 2.75%, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity mostly remained constant throughout the storage period (P ≥ 0.05). Gram‐positive strains were generally more sensitive than Gram‐negative strains. In the present study, the in vitro simulated digestion analysis showed that MRJ can tolerate the digestion process.CONCLUSIONOverall, the encapsulation process was considered as one preservative technique for RJ. The microencapsulation of RJ as shown in the results of the present study are encouraging in terms of enabling the local beekeeping sector to achieve ease of production and increased product diversity. MRJ shows promise as a commercial product with a high export value for producers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Correlates and clinical associations of military sexual assault in Gulf War era U.S. veterans: Findings from a national sample
Authors: Patel Tapan A. , Mann Adam J. , Nomamiukor Faith O. , Blakey Shannon M. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Beckham Jean C. , Pugh Mary J. , Kimbrel Nathan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMilitary sexual assault (MSA) is a prevalent issue among military personnel that can have direct implications on postmilitary mental health. Gulf War era U.S. veterans represent the first cohort in which women veterans were integrated into most aspects of military service except for combat. The present study sought to build on prior studies by identifying characteristics associated with the occurrence of MSA and clinical correlates of MSA and examining how these differ between men and women. This study analyzed cross‐sectional survey data from a national sample of treatment‐seeking Gulf War era veterans. Participants (N = 1,153) reported demographic information, clinical outcomes, military background, and history of MSA. MSA was more common among female veterans (n = 100, 41.3%) than male veterans (n = 32, 3.6%). The odds of experiencing MSA were approximately 19 times higher for female veterans relative to their male peers, OR = 18.92, p < .001. Moreover, as expected, MSA was robustly associated with probable current posttraumatic stress disorder, probable current depression, and past‐year suicidal ideation in female veterans, whereas combat exposure was robustly associated with these sequelae in male veterans. The present findings confirm that a large proportion of female veterans from the Gulf War era experienced MSA and highlight the deleterious correlates of MSA on veterans’ mental health. Sex differences of correlates of MSA and subsequent clinical associations are highlighted.
Mortality Among Children with a Tracheostomy
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor B. , Brown Ashley F. , Brooks Rebecca L. , Bailey Candice H. , Whitney Cindy , Sewell Ashley , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo characterize the cause of death among children with a tracheostomy.Study DesignProspective cohort.MethodsAll pediatric patients (<18 years) who had a tracheostomy placed at a tertiary care institution between 2015 and 2020 were included. The location and cause of death were recorded along with patient demographics and age.ResultsA total of 271 tracheostomies were placed with 46 mortalities reviewed for a mortality rate of 16.8%. Mean age at placement was 1.7 years (SD: 3.4) and mean age at death was 2.9 years (SD: 3.5). Most tracheostomies were placed for respiratory failure (N = 33, 72%). The mean time to death after tracheostomy was 1.2 years (SD: 1.2) and 28% (N = 13) occurred during the same admission as placement. Mean time to death after hospital discharge was 1.3 years (SD: 1.3). Etiology of death was respiratory failure (33%, N = 15), cardiopulmonary arrest (15%, N = 7), unknown (43%, N = 20), or secondary to a tracheostomy‐related complication for 9% (N = 4). Location of death was in intensive care units for 41% (N = 19) and 30% died at home (N = 14). Comfort care measures were taken for 37% (N = 17). Severe neurological disability (HR: 4.06, p = 0.003, 95% CI: 1.59–10.34) and congenital heart disease (HR: 2.36, p = 0.009, 95% CI: 1.24–4.48) correlated with time to death on Cox proportional hazard modeling.ConclusionsNearly one‐third of children with a tracheostomy who expire will do so during the same admission as tracheostomy placement. Although progression of underlying disease will lead to most deaths, 9% will be a result of a tracheostomy‐related complication, which represents a meaningful target for quality improvement initiatives.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:403–409, 2023
A global meta‐analysis of grazing effects on soil seed banks
Authors: Shi Ya‐Fei , Shi Shan‐Heng , Huang Xiao‐Min , Jiang Ying‐Sha , Liu Jia , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhi‐Shan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLivestock grazing is a major disturbance affecting plant diversity and abundance in terrestrial ecosystems. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts that moderate‐intensity grazing should produce the highest species diversity, while the Milchunas‐Sala‐Lauenroth (MSL) model posits that the IDH is valid only for mesic areas. However, it remains unclear how grazing affects soil seed bank and whether or not the IDH or MSL models are valid for soil seed bank communities. Here, we presented a global meta‐analysis synthesizing 483 observations: we found that grazing had a negative effect on soil seed bank abundance, but did not alter seed bank richness or the compositional similarity between the soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation. Further refining the analysis, light‐intensity grazing was found to increase seed bank richness, while moderate‐intensity grazing had no effect, and heavy‐intensity grazing had a negative effect. Additionally, for both arid and mesic areas, soil seed bank richness declined with grazing intensity increased. Overall, grazing effects on soil seed banks differed from expectations set by studies of aboveground vegetation. Our study provides key insights for policy‐makers managing livestock grazing and grassland conservation.
Non‐classical Tauberian and Abelian type criteria for the moment problem
Authors: Patie P. , Vaidyanathan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide some new criteria for the determinacy problem of the Stieltjes moment problem. We first give a Tauberian type criterion for moment indeterminacy that is expressed purely in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the moment sequence (and its extension to imaginary lines). Under an additional assumption this provides a converse to the classical Carleman's criterion, thus yielding an equivalent condition for moment determinacy. We also provide a criterion for moment determinacy that only involves the large asymptotic behavior of the distribution (or of the density if it exists), which can be thought of as an Abelian counterpart to the previous Tauberian type result. This latter criterion generalizes Hardy's condition for determinacy, and under some further assumptions yields a converse to the Pedersen's refinement of the celebrated Krein's theorem. The proofs utilize non‐classical Tauberian results for moment sequences that are analogues to the ones developed in [8] and [3] for the bi‐lateral Laplace transforms in the context of asymptotically parabolic functions. We illustrate our results by studying the time‐dependent moment problem for the law of log‐Lévy processes viewed as a generalization of the log‐normal distribution. Along the way, we derive the large asymptotic behavior of the density of spectrally‐negative Lévy processes having a Gaussian component, which may be of independent interest.
Cyklon A, Lost, Phosgen und der Chemieunterricht der NS‐Zeit
Authors: Vaupel Elisabeth , Preiß Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDas nationalsozialistische Erziehungssystem wies dem Chemieunterricht eine besondere Aufgabe zu: Wehrchemie behandeln und chemisches Wissen für den Krieg vermitteln. Die Schüler sollten sich dabei nicht nur theoretisch, sondern auch praktisch mit Kampfstoffen befassen. Dazu entwickelten die Lehrmittelhersteller Unterrichtsmaterialien und Experimentiergeräte.
BASF‐Bilanz 2021: Mehr verkauft, weniger emittiert
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDas Ludwigshafener Unternehmen BASF hat im Jahr 2021 den Umsatz am stärksten in den Bereichen Catalysts und Coatings mit chemischen Lösungen für Oberflächen erhöht.
Henkel‐Bilanz 2021: Kleben, reinigen, pflegen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHenkel hat im Jahr 2021 mehr verkauft, Preise erhöht, Kosten reduziert und die Strukturen angepasst. Wasch‐ und Reinigungsmittel sollen zusammen mit den Körperpflegemitteln einen neuen Unternehmensbereich bilden.
CheMento feiert Mini‐Jubiläum – 5. Runde erfolgreich gestartet
Authors: Gajda Alina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIm Jahr 2014 fiel der Startschuss für das Mentoring‐Programm der GDCh; jetzt im Januar startete das Programm nun bereits in die 5. Runde mit 30 Nachwuchschemiker:innen.
Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation impairs insulin sensitivity and promotes lipogenesis during exercise in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Zhang Hongsong , Xiang Li , Huo Mingyu , Wu Yalan , Yu Mingyang , Lau Chi Wai , Tian Danyang , Gou Lingshan , Huang Yuhong , Luo Jiang‐Yun , Wang Li , Song Wencong , Huang Juan , Cai Zongwei , Chen Shaoliang , Tian Xiao Yu , Huang Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) are popular dietary supplements for exercise. However, increased BCAA levels positively correlate with obesity and diabetes. The metabolic impact of BCAA supplementation on insulin sensitivity during exercise is less understood.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were fed for 12 weeks with a high‐fat diet, normal chow diet, or BCAA‐restricted high‐fat diet. They were subjected to running exercise with or without BCAA treatment for another 12 weeks.ResultsExercise reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, lowered BCAAs in plasma, and inhibited the upregulation of BCAAs and metabolites caused by BCAA supplementation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of obese mice. BCAA supplementation reversed insulin sensitivity ameliorated by exercise. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Ser473 and Ser474) was decreased by BCAAs in the sWAT of obese mice. However, BCAA supplementation had no such effects in lean mice. BCAAs also increased the expression of fatty acid synthase and other lipogenesis genes in the sWAT of exercised obese mice. BCAA restriction had no effect on body weight and insulin sensitivity in obese mice.ConclusionsBCAA supplementation impaired the beneficial effect of exercise on glycolipid metabolism in obese but not lean mice. Caution should be taken regarding the use of BCAAs for individuals with obesity who exercise.
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Hybrid materials for electromagnetic shielding: A review
Authors: Zachariah Suji Mary , Grohens Yves , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtensive development in electronics and allied sectors has led to unseen pollution termed electromagnetic interference (EMI). Motivated by its after‐effects, the fabrication of efficient EMI shielding has become a major area of research. This review presents a detailed analysis of very recent trends in various hybrid materials based on polymers, cement, concrete, paints, and so on with diverse filler inclusions for electromagnetic shielding applications. This paper also focuses on the origin and effects of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, the shielding mechanism, and the suitability of the hybrids, various fabrication techniques, characterization; and so on. Fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, metal films, microfilms, inks, paints, multiple laminated composites, foams, aerogel‐based polymer composites, textiles, and so on are discussed. Newly developed materials like MXene, borophene, semiconducting filler‐based hybrid materials are also covered. Finally, an attempt is made, to sum up, the major challenges faced in the design and development of polymer materials for EMI shielding applications.
Crystallographic snapshots of ternary complexes of thermophilic secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus reveal the dynamics of ligand exchange and the proton relay network
Authors: Dinh Tung , Rahn K. Troy , Phillips Robert S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional structures of I86A and C295A mutant secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (SADH) from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus were determined by x‐ray crystallography. The tetrameric structure of C295A‐SADH soaked with NADP+ and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was determined to 1.85 Å with an Rfree of 0.225. DMSO is bound to the tetrahedral zinc in each subunit, with ligands from SG of Cys‐37, NE2 of His‐59, and OD2 of Asp‐150. The nicotinamide ring of NADP is hydrogen‐bonded to the N of Ala‐295 and the O of Val‐265 and Gly‐293. The O of DMSO is connected to a network of hydrogen bonds with OG of Ser‐39, the 3′‐OH of NADP, and ND1 of His‐42. The structure of I86A‐SADH soaked with 2‐pentanol and NADP+ contains (R)‐2‐pentanol bound in each subunit, ligated to the tetrahedral zinc, and connected to the proton relay network. The structure of I86A‐SADH soaked with 3‐methylcyclohexanol and NADP+ has alcohol bound in three subunits. Two of the sites have the alcohol ligated to the zinc in an axial position, with OE2 of Glu‐60 in the other axial position of a trigonal bipyramidal complex. One site has 3‐methylcyclohexanol bound noncovalently, with the zinc in an inverted tetrahedral geometry with Glu‐60. The fourth site also has the zinc in a trigonal bipyramidal complex with axial Glu‐60 and water ligands. These structures demonstrate that ligand exchange of SADH involves pentacoordinate and inverted zinc complexes with Glu‐60. Furthermore, we see a network of hydrogen bonds connecting the substrate oxygen to the external solvent that is likely to play a role in the mechanism of SADH.
Antibody mutations favoring pH‐dependent binding in solid tumor microenvironments: Insights from large‐scale structure‐based calculations
Authors: Wei Wanlei , Corbeil Christopher R. , Gaudreault Francis , Deprez Christophe , Purisima Enrico O. , Sulea Traian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntibody‐based therapeutics for treatment of various tumors have grown rapidly in recent years. Unfortunately, safety issues, attributed to off‐tumor effects and cytotoxicity, are still a significant concern with the standard of care. Improvements to ensure targeted delivery of antitumor pharmaceuticals are desperately needed. We previously demonstrated that incorporating histidyl pH‐switches in an anti‐HER2 antibody induced selective antigen binding under acidic pH conditions (MAbs 2020;12:1682866). This led to an improved safety profile due to preferential targeting of the oncoprotein in the acidic solid tumor microenvironment. Following this success, we expanded this approach to a set of over 400 antibody structures complexed with over 100 different human oncoproteins, associated with solid tumors. Calculations suggested that mutations to His of certain residue types, namely Trp, Arg, and Tyr, could be significantly more successful for inducing pH‐dependent binding under acidic conditions. Furthermore, 10 positions within the complementarity‐determining region were also predicted to exhibit greater successes. Combined, these two accessible metrics could serve as the basis for a sequence‐based engineering of pH‐selective binding. This approach could be applied to most anticancer antibodies, which lack detailed structural characterization.
Exposure‐response analyses for selection/confirmation of optimal isatuximab dosing regimen in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone treatment in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Rachedi Fatiha , Koiwai Kimiko , Gaudel‐Dedieu Nadia , Sebastien Bernard , Thai Hoai‐Thu , Brillac Claire , Fau Jean Baptiste , Nguyen Laurent , van de Velde Helgi , Veyrat‐Follet Christine , Semiond Dorothée 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsatuximab is an approved anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody with multiple antitumor modes of action. An exposure‐response (E‐R) analysis using data from patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) enrolled in a phase Ib clinical study who received isatuximab at doses from 5 to 20 mg/kg weekly for 1 cycle (4 weeks) followed by every 2 weeks thereafter (qw/q2w) in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (n = 44) was first used to determine the optimal dose/schedule for the phase III ICARIA‐MM study. It was complemented by an E‐R analysis from a second phase Ib study of patients who received isatuximab at doses from 3 to 10 mg/kg q2w or 10 or 20 mg/kg qw/q2w in combination with lenalidomide/dexamethasone (n = 52). Plasma trough concentration at week 4 (CT4W) was the best predictor for response, and the benefit of the initial 4‐weekly administration was confirmed. Although the predicted overall response rate (ORR) was higher at 20 mg/kg vs. 10 mg/kg, the 95% confidence intervals were overlapping. Considering the high probability of success to reach the targeted ORR of greater than or equal to 60%, 10 mg/kg qw/q2w was selected. Results of the E‐R analysis from the lenalidomide/dexamethasone study and published disease modeling using data from both phase Ib clinical studies reinforced 10 mg/kg qw/q2w as the optimal dose/schedule for the phase III ICARIA‐MM study. E‐R analysis showed that higher CT4W was associated with higher ORR. Developed models supported the phase III isatuximab dosing regimen selection/confirmation of 10 mg/kg qw/q2w for use in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone in patients with RRMM.
Investigating 3R In Vivo Approaches for Bio‐Distribution and Efficacy Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers: Studies on Peptide‐Mimicking Ionizable Lipid
Authors: Giselbrecht Julia , Pinnapireddy Shashank Reddy , Alioglu Fatih , Sami Haider , Sedding Daniel , Erdmann Frank , Janich Christopher , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela , Ogris Manfred , Bakowsky Udo , Langner Andreas , Bussmann Jeroen , Wölk Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormulations based on ionizable amino‐lipids have been put into focus as nucleic acid delivery systems. Recently, the in vitro efficacy of the lipid formulation OH4:DOPE has been explored. However, in vitro performance of nanomedicines cannot correctly predict in vivo efficacy, thereby considerably limiting pre‐clinical translation. This is further exacerbated by limited access to mammalian models. The present work proposes to close this gap by investigating in vivo nucleic acid delivery within simpler models, but which still offers physiologically complex environments and also adheres to the 3R guidelines (replace/reduce/refine) to improve animal experiments. The efficacy of OH4:DOPE as a delivery system for nucleic acids is demonstrated using in vivo approaches. It is shown that the formulation is able to transfect complex tissues using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. The efficacy of DNA and mRNA lipoplexes is tested extensively in the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo which allows the screening of biodistribution and transfection efficiency. Effective transfection of blood vessel endothelial cells is seen, especially in the endocardium. Both model systems allow an efficacy screening according to the 3R guidelines bypassing the in vitro–in vivo gap. Pilot studies in mice are performed to correlate the efficacy of in vivo transfection.