bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tumoral and peritumoral CT-based Radiomics and Machine learning approach to predict the microsatellite instability of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Ma Yanqing , Yuan Hang , Yu Peng , Xu Xiren , Tu Shiliang , Wei Yuguo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To predict the status of microsatellite instability (MSI) of rectal carcinoma (RC) using different machine learning algorithms based on tumoral and peritumoral radiomics combined with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: There were 487 RC patients enrolled in this retrospective study. The tumoral and peritumoral CT-based radiomic features were calculated after tumor segmentation. The radiomic features from two radiologists were compared by the method of inter-observer correlation coefficient (ICC). After methods of variance, correlation, and dimension reduction, six machine learning algorithms of logistic regression (LR), Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, and decision tree were conducted to develop models in predicting MSI status of RC. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was quantified. The radiomics and significant clinicopathological variables were integrated the radiomics-clinicopathological nomogram. The receiver operator curve (ROC) was made by Delong test and the area under curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: The venous phase of CT examination was selected for further analysis because of the proportion of radiomic features with ICC greater than 0.75 was higher. The tumoral and peritumoral model by LR algorithm (M-LR) with minimal RSD showed good performance in predicting MSI status of RC with the AUCs of 0.817 and 0.726 in the training and validation set. The radiomic-clinicopathological nomogram conducted better in both the training and validation set with the AUCs of 0.843 and 0.737. Conclusion: The radiomics-clinicopathological nomogram demonstrated the better predictive performance in evaluating the MSI status of RC.
Evaluation of PET List Data-driven Gated Motion Correction Technique Applied in Lung Tumors
Authors: Chen Yi-Lun , Yang Bang-Hung , Shih I-Ling , Lin Ko-Han 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose PET/CT is an important tool for tumor staging or evaluation of treatment response, especially for lung tumors. However, due to patients' free-breathing, the static PET image could be blurred, resulting in decreasing in image quality and incorrect quantitative values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Q.Static scan mode with the novel PET list data-driven gated (DDG) technique decreases the lesion blurring problems in lung cancer patients. Methods 194 patients with lung tumors were retrospectively reviewed. DDG Q.Static scan mode was set with 3 beds to cover the whole chest and the upper abdomen in their routine PET/CT scans. It was activated automatically when sensed significant respiratory motion. Routine reconstruction algorithm was applied to the data. Only those lesions located in the motioncorrected areas were measured and calculated for statistics. Results There were 124 out of 194 patients whose acquisition beds at least one bed activated the DDG Q.Static procedure. However, only 49 out of 124 patients showed lesions in their activated beds. Compared to noncorrection data, DDG Q.Static data showed improved accuracy by increasing SUVmax and SUVmean by 8.52% (9.20±5.42 to 9.74±5.42) and 8.65% (6.11±3.68 to 6.48±3.68). And, MTV was reduced from 6.54±8.58 to 5.55±7.33 (14.79% reduction). For subjective image quality, DDG Q.Static data was scored higher than noncorrection data. Conclusions This study demonstrated that both quantitative values and image quality were improved after correction. The DDG Q.Static technique provided an easier way to correct motion artifacts in PET/CT scans.
Machine/Deep Learning-based Approaches to Predict Overweight or Obesity in Chinese Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Wang Qiong , Yang Min , Pang Bo , Xue Mei , Zhang Yicheng , Deng Xiangling , Zhang Zhixin , Niu Wenquan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: We adopted the machine learning and deep learning algorithms to explore risk profiling for overweight and obesity in Chinese preschool-aged children.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey, and was conducted between September and December in 2020 at Beijing and Tangshan. Using a stratified cluster random sampling strategy, children 3-6 years of age from 30 kindergartens were enrolled. Data were analyzed using community PyCharm.Results: A total of 9478 children were eligible for inclusion, 1250 children with overweight or obesity, and they were randomly divided into the training group and testing group in a 6:4 ratio. After the training and testing process, the SVM (accuracy: 0.9457) was ranked as the best algorithm, followed by the GBM (accuracy: 0.9454) as reflected by model accuracy. As reflected by other performance indexes, the GBM had the highest F1 score (0.7748), followed by the SVM with the F1 score at 0.7731. After importance ranking, the top five factors seemed sufficient to obtain descent performance under the GBM algorithm, including age of children, eating speed, number of relatives with obesity, sweet drinking, and paternal education, which was further reinforced by a classical deep learning sequential model. Conclusions: We identified five factors relating to children and parents that can help differentiate children with overweight or obesity from general children. Further validations are necessary.
Negative correlation between latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and severity of illness in IBD patients
Authors: Wei Hongtao , Xue Xiaowei , Ling Qing , Wang Pengyan , Zhou Weixun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel (IBD) disease plays an important role in the prevention and disease management. Immunosuppressive therapies have been found to induce IBD pathogenesis and reactivate latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) . This study was aimed to explore the clinical significance of latent EBV infection in IBD patients. Methods: Latent EBV infection was determined by double staining for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) and CD20 in colon specimens of 43 IBD patients who underwent bowel resection. Based on the staining results, the patients were divided into two groups, according to their latent EBV infection states - negative (n=33) and positive (n=10). The clinic-pathological data were analyzed between the two different latent EBV groups and also between the mild-to-moderate and severe disease groups.Results: Systolic pressure (P=0.005), variety of disease (P=0.005), the severity of illness (P=0.002), and pre-op corticosteroids (P=0.025) were significantly different between the EBV-negative and EBV-positive groups. Systolic pressure (P=0.001), variety of disease (P=0.000), pre-op corticosteroids (P=0.011) and EBV infection (P=0.003) were significantly different between the mild-to-moderate and severe disease groups.Conclusions: IBD patients with latent EBV infection may manifest more severe illnesses. It is suggested that the role of EBV in IBD development should be further investigated and latent EBV infection in patients with serious IBD should be closely monitored, and therapeutic course should be optimized.
Comprehensive assessment of ZnO, P and TiO2 nanoparticles sustaining environment in response to seed germination, antioxidants activity, nutritional quality and yield of Spinach Beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)
Authors: DAS BIMAL , Yonzone Rakesh , Saha Salil , Murmu Dipak Kumar , Kundu Surajit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive investigation was carried out under laboratory and field by ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs on seedling growth and antioxidant activity, nutrient accumulation, yield traits and biochemical response of spinach beet. Spinach beet variety All Green were treated with sixteen different concentrations nanoscale ZnO (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ppm), P (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) and TiO2 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) including untreated control and each treatment has three replicates. TiO2 NPs treatments found drastic positive impact on seed germination, root and shoot length, seed vigour index and antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, PAD, SOD and GR). Application of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs improve morphological parameter and that of increase seed yield (gm plant-1) with 12.48% 13.01% and 10.93% respectively, compared to control. Study also revealed that zinc and iron content in leaf tissues increases by 50.76%, 7.71%, and 6.41% and 12.69%, 18.49% and 14.17%, respectively of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs NPs. Among the biochemical parameter maximum chlorophyll content obtained from 10 ppm TiO2, leaf protein and carotene from 50 ppm P, ascorbic acid from 40 ppm TiO2, crude fibre from 20 ppm ZnO and total phenol from 30 ppm TiO2. Our result clearly demonstrates that application of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs improve the antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and nutritional quality of spinach beet and these nanoparticles can be utilized with their effective doses which may reduce fertilizer cost and environmental pollution.
A Method For The Quantitation Of The Metabolism Of Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein Isoforms Using A Stable Isotope Labeling Kinetics Approach Paired With Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zakaria Justyna A. Dobrowolska , Bateman Randall J. , Lysakowska Monika , Khatri Ammaarah , Jean-Gilles Dinorah , Kennedy Matthew E. , Vassar Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Evidence suggests that β-secretase (BACE1), which cleaves Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) to form sAPPβ and Aβ, is elevated in AD brains and biofluids and, thus, BACE1 is a therapeutic target for this devastating disease. The direct product of BACE1 cleavage of APP, sAPPβ, serves as a surrogate marker of BACE1 activity in the central nervous system (CNS). This biomarker could be utilized to better understand normal APP processing, aberrant processing in the disease setting, and modulations to processing during therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we present a method for measuring the metabolisms of sAPPβ and another APP proteolytic product, sAPPα, in vivo in humans using stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK), paired with immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/tandem MS). The method presented herein is robust, reproducible, and precise, and allows for the study of these analytes by taking into account their full dynamic potential as opposed to the traditional methods of absolute concentration quantitation that only provide a static view of a dynamic system. A study of in vivo CSF sAPPβ and sAPPα kinetics using these methods could reveal novel insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, such as increased BACE1 processing of APP.
Reconfigurable Compute-In-Memory on Field-Programmable Ferroelectric Diodes
Authors: Liu Xiwen , Ting John , He Yunfei , Fiagbenu Merrilyn Mercy , Zheng Jeffrey , Wang Dixiong , Frost Jonathan , Musavigharavi Paria , Esteves Giovanni , Kisslinger Kim , Anantharaman Surendra , Stach Eric , Olsson Roy , Jariwala Deep 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The deluge of sensors and data generating devices has driven a paradigm shift in modern computing from arithmetic-logic centric to data centric processing. At a hardware level, this presents an urgent need to integrate dense, high-performance and low-power memory units with Si logic-processor units. However, data-heavy problems such as search and pattern matching also require paradigm changing innovations at the circuit and architecture level to enable compute in memory (CIM) operations. CIM architectures that combine data storage yet concurrently offer low-delay and small footprint are highly sought after but have not been realized. Here, we present Aluminum Scandium Nitride (AlScN) ferroelectric diode (FeD) memristor devices that allow for storage, search and neural network-based pattern recognition in a transistor-free architecture. Our devices can be directly integrated on top of Si processors in a scalable, back-end-of-line process. We leverage the field-programmability, non-volatility and non-linearity of FeDs to demonstrated circuit blocks that can support search operations in-situ memory with search delay times < 0.1 ns and a cell footprint < 0.12 µm2. In addition, we demonstrate matrix multiplication operations with 4-bit operation of the FeDs. Our results highlight FeDs as promising candidates for fast, efficient, and multifunctional CIM platforms.
Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs trans-differentiate into endometrial cells and regulate Th17/Treg balance through NF-κB signaling in rabbit intrauterine adhesions endometrium
Authors: Hua Qing , Zhang Yong , Li Hongjuan , Li Haoran , Jin Ranran , Li Li , Xiang Yuancui , Tian Meng , Wang Jingjing , Sun Lei , Wang Yali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The fundamental cause of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) is the destruction and reduction of stem cells in endometrial basal layer, resulting in endometrial reconstruction very difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) on the endometrial reconstruction after transplantation.Methods: hUCB-MSCs were isolated and identified successfully. The rabbit IUA models were established and set five groups (control, 14/28th day after surgery, estrogen and hUCB-MSCs treatment).The number of endometrial glands and the fibrosis rate were evaluated using HE and Masson staining, respectively. Endometrial proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of ER, Ki-67and TGF-β1, respectively. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was applied to explore the cell differentiation trajectory after hUCB-MSCs transplanted into IUA endometrium. Finally, molecular mechanism of hUCB-MSCs repairing damaged endometrium was investigated by RNA sequencing.Results: After transplantation of the hUCB-MSCs, the increase of endometrial gland number, estrogen receptor(ER) and Ki-67expression,and the decrease of fibrosis rate and TGF-β expression(P＜0.05), suggested the endometrial repair, angiogenesis and inflammatory suppression. The therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSCs was significantly improved compared with 28th day after surgery and estrogen group. ScRNA-seq demonstrated that the transplanted hUCB-MSCs can trans-differentiate into endometrial cells: epithelial, fibroblast, and macrophage. RNA Sequencing of six IUA samples further revealed that hUCB-MSCs may regulate Th17/Treg balance through NF-kB signaling, thus inhibiting the immune response of damaged endometrium.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that hUCB-MSCs can repair damaged endometrium through trans-differentiation, immunomodulatory capacities, and NF-κB signaling, suggesting the treatment value of hUCB-MSCs in IUA.
Mechanical properties of friction induced nanocrystalline pearlitic steel
Authors: Medina-Clavijo Bentejui , Rafael-Velayarce Jorge , Modin Evgenii , Saez-de-Buruaga Mikel , Soler Daniel , Motz Christian , Arrazola Pedro Jose , Chuvilin Andrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanocrystalline variants of commercially available alloys have shown the potential of boosting the mechanical properties retaining a feasible supply chain. One approach to achieve these nanostructures reside in frictional treatments on parts, leading to differential refinement in surface and bulk. In this work the machining method is considered as a testing platform to study frictional nanostructured steel, which assembly is stabilized by fast cooling at the chip. The analysis of the mechanical properties has shown extraordinary results at the surface, over 2000 MPa of strength on AISI1045 steel, more than three times the strength of the base material, demonstrating at the same time a reduction of 15% in the elastic modulus. The microscopic analysis suggests a reassembly of the elements in a new lattice of carbon supersaturated nano-ferrite.
Effect of surgical sympathectomy in patients diagnosed with Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) compared to pharmacotherapy and bypass surgery.
Authors: Yazdi Seyed Amir Miratashi , Salimi Javad , Chinisaz Fatemeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a type of vasculopathy that affects small and intermediate vessels of extremities. Common symptoms are intermittent claudication, rest pain, Raynaud phenomenon, ischemic ulcers, superficial thrombophlebitis. Therapeutic interventions include vasodilators, prostaglandin analogues (ILOPROST), antiplatelets, surgical sympathectomy and bypass surgery. Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to compare post-operative outcomes in patients with TAO that underwent surgical sympathectomy versus bypass surgery and pharmacotherapy.Method :70 patients diagnosed with TAO were enrolled for the study. 37 patients with surgical sympathectomy,11 patients with amputation surgery, 15 patients with bypass surgery and 12 patients who received ILOPROST were evaluated in first day, 3 months, and 6 months follow up. Improvements of common complaints were recorded and the final results were compared.Result: Quit consumption of tobacco in any form is the fundamental treatment for Buerger disease, surgical sympathectomy and bypass surgery are helpful in patients with persistent pain and non-healing ischemic lesions that have abstained from consumption of tobacco. The final results showed that post-operative outcomes of patients underwent bypass surgery were significantly better than patients underwent sympathectomy and pharmacotherapy.Conclusion: Patients with TAO that suffer from severe symptoms, significantly benefit from Bypass surgery in short-term follow up but because of lack of proper runoff arteries and the nature of the occlusive thrombi, which are diffuse and mostly located in distal vessels, bypass surgery is often feasible and sympathectomy commonly are performed. pharmacotherapy with different medications can improve the symptoms but have no effects on preventing the disease from progression.
How Does Access to Water at Different Life-Stages Affect Male Investment in Reproduction and Survival?
Authors: Zhang Zhuzhi , Head Megan L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Holometabolous insects have four distinct life-stages – eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Active resource acquisition generally occurs during either or both the larval and adult stages. Previous research on the acquisition of food resources in holometabolous insects, has shown that resources acquired during each of these life-stages can differ in how they are allocated to different traits, and how they affect fitness. In addition to food, water is also an essential resource needed for a range of biological processes that enhance fitness. Yet, how water acquired at different life-stages affects key fitness traits is still not clear. Here, we manipulated both developmental and adult water availability of male seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) to explore how water acquired at each life-stage affects a range of fitness related traits, including body mass, ejaculate weight, mating behavior and lifespan. Our results indicate that the juvenile environment had little effect on body weight, ejaculate weight, ejaculate replenishment or lifespan, but did influence male mating behavior in both early and late adult life. This contrasts with the adult environment, which had strong effects on weight loss, ejaculate size and lifespan but little effect on mating behavior. Males with access to water during adulthood transferred larger ejaculates during their first mating, lost less weight as they aged, and lived longer. These results suggest that water acquired during development and adulthood are allocated differently to a variety of fitness traits across life.
Cytotoxicity, Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicities of the Fruit Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera (Schumm. &amp; Thonn.) Taub. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Bonsou Idrios N. , Mbaveng Armelle T. , Nguenang Gaëlle S. , Chi Godloves F. , Efferth Thomas , Kuete Victor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal spice traditionally used to treat cancer, diabetes, and several other ailments. This study analyzed the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane methanol extract of T. tetraptera fruits (TTF) and its constituents. The toxicity profile of the TTF extract was also evaluated in rats.
Methods
The Cytotoxicity of this extract was evaluated using the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies were performed according to the protocol described by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation, and Development (OECD). Hematological, serum, and urine biochemical parameters, as well as histological sections of the liver and kidney, were also evaluated based on standard methods.
Results
The TTF extract, compound 5, and the reference drug doxorubicin were active in all 9 tested cancer cell lines. The recorded IC50 ranged from 18.32 µM (against B16-F1 murine melanoma cells) to 36.18 µM (against SKMel-505 BRAF wildtype melanoma cells) for TTF, from 10.02 µM (towards MaMel-80a BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant melanoma cells) to 31.73 µM (against SKMel-28 BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant melanoma cells) for compound 5, and from 0.22 µM (against B16-F1 cells) to 9.39 µM (against SKMel-505 cells) for doxorubicin. The study of acute toxicity test showed that the lethal dose (LD50) of this extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies, variations were observed in some biochemical parameters, especially at higher doses.
Conclusion
TTF and its most active compound (5) are found to be potential cytotoxic agents, meanwhile, TTF was safe when given a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg. However, caution is necessary in case of prolonged oral administration due to potential alterations of renal function at high doses (> 1000 mg/kg).
Persistence of food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic in slum: a cohort study
Authors: Tomita Luciana Yuki , Manfrinato Catarina Vezetiv , Lourenço Bárbara Hatzlhoffer , Franco Maria do Carmo Pinheiro , Stedefeldt Elke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably increased food insecurity with disproportionate social and racial distribution. The present study aimed to examine the persistence of food insecurity and the associated factors during the pandemic. Methods: A cohort study was conducted in two São Paulo city slum, Brazil. Participants answered questionnaires in three moments: April and October 2020 and April 2021. Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian food insecurity scale (EBIA) comprising five questions. Temporal trends in sociodemographic, economic, social assistance coverage, food insecurity, and difficulties related to buying personal use goods were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis or x2 test. Prevalence ratios of food insecurity persistence categorized as “never,” “sometimes in food insecurity,” “always in food insecurity,” were calculated using the Poisson regression model. Results: A total of 424 householders completed two assessments. The majority of householders were young, non-White women; more than half of householders had less than nine years of education and were working in non-qualification jobs. During the follow-up, families covered by social assistance increased; however, their income had decreased (p<0·05). From 302 householders that completed three assessments, 33% were “always in food insecurity”, and 46% were “sometimes in food insecurity”. Low income in the second wave was associated with “always in food insecurity” [aPR=1·62 (95%CI: 1·17-2·24)], regardless of education level. Households constantly facing difficulties related to buying gas canisters [aPR=2·54 (95%CI: 1·78-3·62)], hand sanitizers [aPR=5·67 (95%CI: 83·24-9·91)], and basic hygiene products [aPR=4·08 (95%CI: 2·49-6·68)] were associated with “always in food insecurity” independent of education. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the key factors of health maintenance. Guarantees of sufficient food quantities and regularity, and without risk of losing access to basic needs, must be guaranteed by the cross-government action to fight social inequities.