bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special classes of isotropic covariance functions
Authors: Posa D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the literature classical properties concerning the class of covariance functions are well illustrated. The general problem which analyzes the requirements such that a covariance function can be obtained through the difference between two covariance functions can be retained a further property and a recent analysis regarding the difference between two covariance functions has been provided. In this paper the properties of these new classes of models have been explored; in particular, the present analysis has been given for isotropic covariance functions, because of their importance in many applied areas; moreover, isotropic covariance functions can be considered the starting point to construct anisotropic models. It has been pointed out that these new families of models are more flexible than the traditional ones because the same models, according to the values of their parameters, are able to select covariance functions which are always positive in their domain, as well as covariance functions which could be negative in a subset of their field of definition. Moreover, within the same class of models, it is possible to select covariance models which present a parabolic behaviour near the origin from covariance models which present a linear behaviour in proximity of the origin. Apart from the theoretical importance related to the new aspects presented throughout the paper, it is relevant to underline the practical aspects, since these new classes of isotropic co-variance models are characterized by an extremely simple formalism and can be easily adapted to several case studies, hence they result very useful for many practitioners.
The SF rule of classical probability: an exploration of the "gambler's paradox"
Authors: Fei Yin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper uses the "gambler's paradox", an event of classical probability origin, as an entry point, and use graphical and observational methods to generalize the SF rule. The SF rule is used to explain the compound events, to demonstrate the formal guarantee of the SF rule, and to deduce the detailed steps of using the SF rule. As an important rule for selecting basic events in classical probability, the SF rule should be described in the probability foundation.
In vivo toxicity of oral administrated nano-SiO 2 ; Can food additives increase apoptosis?
Authors: Firouzamandi Masoumeh , Hejazy Marzie , Mohammadi Alaleh , Shahbazfar Amir Ali , Norouzi Roghayeh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nano silicon dioxide (Nano-SiO2) has a great deal of application in food packaging, as antibacterial food additives, and in drug delivery systems but this nanoparticle, despite its wide range of utilizations, can generate destructive effects on organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of nano-SiO2 through apoptotic factors. For this purpose, 40 female rats in 4 groups (n = 10) received 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg/day of nano-SiO2 at 20–30 nm size orally for 20 days. Relative expression of Caspase3, Bcl-2, and BAX genes in kidney and liver evaluated in Real time-PCR. The Results indicated the overexpression of BAX and Caspase3 genes in the liver and kidney in groups receiving 300 and 900 mg/kg/day of nano-SiO2. Bcl-2 gene was up-regulated in the liver and kidney at 600 mg/kg/day compared to the control group. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 gene in the kidney in 300 and 900 mg/kg/day recipient groups was observed (p ≤ 0.05). Histopathological examination demonstrated 600 mg/kg/day hyperemia in the kidney and lung. In addition, at 900 mg/kg/d were distinguished scattered necrosis and hyperemia in the liver. The rate of Epithelialization in the lungs increased. Our study revealed that the oral consumption of nano-SiO2 can cause respiratory toxicity. The nano-SiO2 at 300 and 900 mg/kg/day can induce more cytotoxicity in the liver and lung after oral exposure. However, cytotoxicity of nano-SiO2 at 600 mg/kg/day in the kidney and lung was noticed. Hence, The Using of nano-SiO2 as an additive and food packaging should be more considered due to their deleterious effects.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals commonalities and differences in the genetic underpinnings of a floral dimorphism
Authors: Potente Giacomo , Stubbs Rebecca L. , Yousefi Narjes , Duijsings Daniël , Pirovano Walter , Szövényi Péter , Conti Elena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Distyly is a floral dimorphism associated with a heteromorphic self-incompatibility mechanism that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing in 28 angiosperm families. Distyly is controlled by a cluster of genes, i.e. the S-locus supergene, that evolved independently in all distylous species studied to date. Here we present a transcriptome atlas for Primula veris, the main model for studying distyly since Darwin, which helped to elucidate the mechanism through which the S-locus gene CYPT acquired its role in controlling style elongation. We also identified genes that are differentially expressed between the two floral morphs of P. veris and Fagopyrum esculentum, revealing the main molecular mechanisms and hormones underlying the expression of distyly in these two species. Further, we discovered shared homologous genes that likely control distyly in P. veris, F. esculentum and Turnera subulata, suggesting that the convergent evolution of distyly at the phenotypic level is coupled, to some extent, also at the molecular level. Additionally, we provided statistical support to the hypothesis that distyly supergenes of different species evolved by the recruitment of genes related to the phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) signaling network. Overall, this is the first study to identify homologous genes that underlie the control of distyly in distantly-related taxa.
The credibility of information on social media: the study of Iranian users
Authors: Hosseini Monireh , Moeini Fakhereh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By increasing social usage and increasing its popularity among different users, it is undeniable that social media become very influential today. Due to the impact and usage of social media, the credibility of information is an important issue for academic research. The subject of this research is to assess the credibility of information on social media by Iranian social media users. Considering the fact that many factors influence the credibility of information on social media, the selection of the most important factors influential factors has been very important in previous research. In this study, by analyzing data collected through an electronic questionnaire from 332 Iranian social media users, the most important and influential factors in the credibility of information were analyzed by the factor analysis for the first time; the results of this research showed that the six most important factors were the presence of editor and media reviewer, media appearance and design, media focus, message accuracy, message completeness.
A Privacy-Aware EMR Sharing System Combined with Blockchain and Proxy Re-encryption Mechanisms
Authors: Huang Der-Chen , Liu Ling-Chun , Deng Yong-Yuan , Chen Chin-Ling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

With the advent of the information age, data storage has not only developed from paper information systems to electronic information system storage but also extended to cloud database storage methods. To date, we can see the application of big data and cloud in various fields and levels, which makes the induction, arrangement, transmission, and exchange of data easier and faster. The electronic and systematization of patient medical records in the medical environment is an example. The use of electronic medical records can help to improve the quality of medical care, reduce duplication of treatment, and reduce the waste of examination resources. It has many advantages, but also many risks. Medical institutions may abuse electronic medical data without the consent of patients leading to the leakage of patient privacy data and causing serious social impact. Therefore, this study proposes a medical record exchange and sharing mechanism based on the Hyperledger blockchain architecture combined with proxy re-encryption. When pharmacists need to obtain medical records for related research, patients can decide whether to share medical records, and hospitals can also revoke the access rights of pharmacists at any time to achieve more private, secure, and convenient sharing of medical records. The proposed scheme meets various blockchain security requirements, and the BAN (Burrows–Abadi–Needham) logic proof model is applied to evaluate the correctness of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme performs well in terms of computational and communication costs.
Thermodynamic functions of the improved Scarf II oscillator
Authors: Eyube E. S. , Yabwa D. , Nyam G. G. , Notani P. P. , Izam M. M. , Jabil Y. Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the improved Scarf II oscillator was used to model the internal vibration of a diatomic molecule. By employing the equation of energy levels of the oscillator, the canonical partition function was obtained and used to derive analytical expressions for the prediction of molar entropy, enthalpy and isobaric heat capacity of substances. The thermodynamic models were used to analyze the thermodynamic properties of some diatomic molecules including BBr, PN, PO, and PCl. The average absolute deviation from experimental data was used to affirm the suitability of the models. The expression for the reduced molar enthalpy yielded an average absolute deviation of 1.0945%, 1.6959%, 1.0013%, and 1.0945% for the molecules. Average deviations of 1.3053%, 1.5024%, 1.3838%, and 0.7490% were also obtained using the heat capacity model. These results are in good agreement with the existing literature data on selected diatomic molecules.
Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Diversification in West African Countries
Authors: Kevin ABOUA Angui Christian Dorgelès 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This paper analyses the impact of climate variability on cereal, root and tuber crops diversification for selected West Africa countries during the period 1965–2014. Crop diversification index, lumping together cereal, root and tuber crops, was calculated through the Composite Entropy Index. Climate variability is measured by the coefficient of variation of temperature and precipitation. A Seemingly Unrelated Regression was used to estimate the relationship between climate variability and crop diversification by controlling for supply and demand side factors of crop diversification. Overall, the results reveal that variability in temperature and precipitation over decades did not have an adverse effect on cereal root and tuber crops diversification. A detail analysis showed that Niger and Togo have been the most adapted to climate variability while Ghana was the most affected, mainly by precipitation variability. The results also indicated that, on the supply side, the availability of agricultural land contributed to crop diversification. Productivity, which is expected to increase crop diversification, was positive and significant in very few countries. In the others, it was not enough to improve crop diversification. On the demand side, population growth and consumption led to crop diversification, particularly in consumption of roots and tuber crops. This study suggests that greater diversification would mitigate the negative impact of climate variability. Therefore, regional and national agricultural policies aimed at increasing productivity are necessary to encourage farmers to diversify food crops under climate variability.
Design of a new fountain reactor for contamination degradation using advanced oxidation processes with hybrid techniques and modeling evaluation
Authors: Ghamsari Amir Reza Ghannayi , Mohseni Madjid , Esmaeilian Nima , Naderifar Abbas , Dabir Bahram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the water and energy crises, wastewater treatment systems that are more energy efficient and capable of large volume degradation are a priority. Photochemical decomposition methods have a significant impact on pollutant treatment. The use of these methods in conjunction with a novel designed reactor and hybridization processes can result in considerable treatment results. This research used a fountain system in a UV/H2O2 process to generate a belt-type liquid film with a low thickness and high mixing to remove methyl orange as a model pollutant. The flowrate, H2O2 concentration, temperature, and UV intensity were the parameters evaluated in this series of tests. After 90 minutes under optimum conditions, the maximum degradation of methyl orange was 99.73 percent. The efficiency of the purification process was increased to 99 percent in 75 minutes by using the optimum state of hybridization of UV/US/H2O2 processes. Two deep neural network models and a pseudo-first-order kinetic model were created to fit the experimental data. The results reveal a good fit between the experimental data and the model prediction. The discovered synergistic factor (1.168) and energy yield (2.65 g/kWh) demonstrated the high efficiency of the hybridization process and the outstanding function of the designed system, respectively.
Randomization of Explainable and Interactive Simulated Annealing Strategy for Better Learning to Rank Models
Authors: Ibrahim Osman Ali Sadek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This short paper is about the first Explainable and Interactive Learning to Rank (LTR) Package in Information Retrieval (IR). This application is based on Combining Simulated Annealing Strategy with (1+1)-Evolutionary Strategy (SAS-Rank) which was introduced before as learning algorithm for ranking in the previous studies. In this application, the ranking models for offspring and parent chromosomes were showed in the runing for each iteration. Furthermore, there are three options for changing the SAS-Rank parameters and seeing the evaluation results obtained for that. This application is the first application introduces interactive learning in the ranking problem domain for IR.
Health System Readiness to Manage Maternal Death Data and Avail Evidence for Decision-Making Through Maternal Death Surveillance System in Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Endris Abduilhafiz A. , Tilahun Tizita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: - Maternal mortality remains a major health problem in Ethiopia. To generate contextual evidence, Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system was introduced in 2013. This assessment is conducted to describe the health system's readiness to avail evidence for decision-making through MDSR system in Ethiopia.
Method: - Cross-sectional study designed using the modified WHO framework for evaluating disease surveillance systems was used. Using a multistage sampling, 631 health facilities and 539 health posts were selected. Pretested survey questionnaires designed using ODK software were used. Trained field epidemiology residents were used for data collection from September 2019 to April 2020. Text descriptions, graphs, maps, and tables were used to present the study findings.
Findings: - Final study finding shows that 400 (77.1 percent) health facilities and 264 (71.5 percent) health posts claimed that they are implementing the MDSR system. Of the total implementing health facilities, 349 (87.3 percent) of them have a death review committee, and only 42 (12.4 %) were functional. About 89.4% of health centers and 79.4% of hospitals had sub-optimal readiness for maternal death identification and notification. Among implementing health posts, 39 (14%) and 231 (87.5%), of them had locally translated community case definitions and established mechanisms for receiving death reports from the community. Only 23 (6.96 percent) and 18 (26.47 percent) MDSR implementing health centers and hospitals had optimal readiness to investigate and review maternal deaths. Additionally, surveillance officers and HEWs at 6 (1.5 percent) and 24 (9.1 percent) systems implementing health facilities and health posts were engaged in data analysis and evidence generation at least once during 2019/20.
Conclusions and Recommendations: - Sub-optimal MDSR system implementation is registered. Revitalizing the system by addressing all system components is critical. Having a national-level roadmap for MDSR system implementation and mobilizing all available resources and stakeholders to facilitate this is vital. It is also critical to establish a system for routine data quality monitoring and assurance integrated with the existing PHEM structure. Having a system for routine capacity building, advocacy, and monitoring and evaluation of the availability and functionality of MDSR committees at health facilities are all critical.
DCMI: Dynamic Clustering Approach using Multi-Verse Optimizer for Fog-assisted IoT Devices
Authors: Arikumar K.S. , Natarajan V. , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Prathiba Sahaya Beni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The massive growth of sensor devices has assisted the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to reach a greater extent. However, the IoT devices are associated with various limitations, as the attached sensor devices are prone to limited battery lifetime. Though clustering seems to be the outstanding solution, it suffers from various disadvantages including unbalanced energy consumption and high packet loss ratio. In order to overcome these issues, we propose a fog-assisted Multi-Verse Optimization algorithm (MVO) for dynamic clustering of IoT devices (DCMI). The MVO algorithm is a meta-heuristic nature-inspired optimization algorithm possessing powerful operators, which makes the dynamic partitional clustering strategy more efficient. The MVO algorithm in the proposed DCMI approach employs inner and outer fitness function to produce more stable and optimal number of clusters. Moreover, the fog nodes helps the IoT network in transmitting the data with minimal latency. Thus, DCMI approach enhances the network lifetime and minimizes the packet loss ratio. The proposed DCMI approach is simulated and the results are compared with the various existing optimization based clustering approaches. The outcome analysis prove that the DCMI approach outperforms the existing approaches in terms of network lifetime, latency, packet loss ratio, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption.
Intergenotypic Competition Between Determinate and Indeterminate Soybean Cultivars in Blends and Alternate Rows1
Authors: Sumarno  , Fehr Walter R. 
Published: September 2022

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of plant height on intergenotypic competition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and to compare directly their response in blends and alternate rows. The nine entries in experiment I consisted of three indeterminate cultivars with different heights, ‘Chippewa 64’, ‘Provar’, and ‘Amsoy 71’, grown in pure stand and three pair‐wise combinations of the cultivars in 1:1 blends and alternate rows. The 15 entries in experiment II consisted of one short determinate, ‘Elf’, and two taller indeterminate cultivars, ‘Cumberland’ and (‘Williams’, grown in pure stand and three pair‐wise combinations of the cultivars in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 blends and alternate rows. Four replicates of plots containing four rows spaced 40 cm apart were used in six Iowa environments during 1977 and 1978. Data on yield, maturity, height, and lodging were recorded separately for each component in a blend or alternate rows.Yields of cultivar combinations in blends and alternate rows were not significantly different from the weighted mean of the components in pure stand, except for the 1:1 blend of Chippewa 64‐Amsoy 71. Differences between cultivars for plant height did not consistently determine yield response in blends and alternate rows. The yields of blends and alternate rows were not significantly different for any cultivar combination. Factors other than yield should be considered in the choice between blends and alternate rows to achieve genetic heterogeneity in a field. The strongest competitor of a cultivar combination usually was the tallest, but an exception was observed. Changes in maturity, height, and lodging due to intergenotypic competition were small and of little practical importance.
Brain Concentrations of MDPV and its Metabolites in Male Rats: Relationship to
Pharmacodynamic Effects
Authors: Concheiro Marta , Towler Steven , Elmore Joshua S. , Chojnacki Michael R. , Acosta Teeshavi , Suzuki Masaki , Rice Kenner C. , Baumann Michael H. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is a synthetic stimulant that blocks transmitter uptake at transporters for dopamine and norepinephrine. Less is known about MDPV pharmacokinetics,
especially with respect to brain concentrations of the drug and its metabolites.

Objectives:
The goal of the present study was: 1) to determine brain concentrations of MDPV and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxypyrovalerone (3,4-catechol-PV) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-pyrovalerone (4-OH-3-MeOPV), after administration of MDPV, and 2) to relate brain pharmacokinetic measures to pharmacodynamic endpoints in the same subjects.

Methods:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) received s.c. MDPV injection (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) or its saline
vehicle. Groups of rats were decapitated at 40 min and 240 min postinjection. Locomotor behavior was rated
before decapitation, and the core temperature was obtained. Plasma and frontal cortex were analyzed to quantitate MDPV and its metabolites. Striatal samples were analyzed to measure dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and
their metabolites.

Results:
MDPV displayed brain-to-plasma ratios greater than 1 (range 8.8-12.1), whereas 3,4-catechol-PV and
4-OH-3-MeO-PV showed ratios less than 1 (range 0-0.3). MDPV increased behavioural scores reflective of locomotor stimulation at 40 and 240 min and produced slight hyperthermia at 240 min. MDPV had no effect on
striatal dopamine but produced an increase in the metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA). Brain MDPV concentrations were positively correlated with behavioural scores and striatal HVA but not with other endpoints.

Conclusion:
The behavioural effects of MDPV are related to brain concentrations of the parent drug and not its
metabolites. The modest effects of MDPV on monoamine systems suggest that other non-monoamine mechanisms may contribute to the effects of the drug in vivo.