bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BrpNAC895 and BrpABI449 coregulate the transcription of the afflux-type cadmium transporter BrpHMA2 in Brassica parachinensis
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Limei , Deng Yanwu , Bai Yongsheng , Sun Chao , Huang Shili , Zhou Jiajie , Shi Liyu , Yang Xuewei , Li Ling , Chen Xuemei , Tang Yulin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Brassica parachinensis is a popular leafy vegetable. It is able to accumulate high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), but the molecular mechanism of Cd accumulation is unknown. This study investigated the function and regulatory mechanism of the Cd-responsive metal ion transporter gene BrpHMA2. BrpHMA2 was induced by Cd stress and specifically expressed in vascular tissues, and the protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Heterologous expression of BrpHMA2 enhanced Cd accumulation and Cd sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis and yeast. After Cd stress, the transcription factors BrpNAC895 and BrpABI449, which may recognize the abscisic acid-responsive elements in the BrpHMA2 promoter, were also differentially expressed. The transcriptional regulation of BrpHMA2 was further investigated using the chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR (ChIP–qPCR) assay, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and luciferase (LUC) reporter activity analysis employing the transient expression system of B. parachinensis protoplasts and tobacco leaves and the Escherichia coli expression system. By binding to the promoter, BrpNAC895 induced the transcription of BrpHMA2. BrpABI449 might bind to the BrpHMA2 promoter or interact with BrpNAC895 to interfere with the action of BrpNAC895. The findings suggest that BrpHMA2 is a membrane-based afflux-type Cd transporter involved in Cd2+ uptake and long-distance transport in plants. BrpNAC895 and BrpABI449, which function as the transcription activator and repressor, respectively, coregulate BrpHMA2 expression.
Functional analysis of the eTM-miR171-SCL6 module regulating somatic embryogenesis in Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch
Authors: Yan Rui , Song Shengli , Li Hongyu , Sun Hongmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is of great significance in Lilium bulb production, germplasm preservation, and genetic improvement. miRNAs are important regulators of plant growth and development at the transcriptional level. Previous research by our group has shown that lpu-miR171 and its target gene SCARECROW-LIKE 6 (SCL6) play an important regulatory role in lily SE, and we predicted and identified that endogenous target mimics (eTMs) can regulate lpu-miR171. However, the associated mechanism and internal regulatory network are not yet clear. In the present study, lpu-miR171 was used as an entry point to explore the regulatory network between its upstream eTMs and its downstream target gene LpSCL6, as well as to identify the mechanism of this regulatory network in Lilium SE. Tobacco transient transformation confirmed that miRNA171 significantly inhibited the expression of LpSCL6. On this basis, the Lilium stable genetic transformation system was used to demonstrate that silencing lpu-miR171a and lpu-miR171b and overexpressing LpSCL6-II and LpSCL6-I promoted starch accumulation in calli and the expression of key cell cycle genes, thus providing energy to meet preconditions for SE and accelerate the formation and development of Lilium somatic embryos. LpSCL6-II and LpSCL6-I are nuclear proteins with self-activation activity in yeast cells. In addition, we confirmed in Lilium that lpu-eTM171 is the eTM of lpu-miR171 that binds lpu-miR171 to prevent cleavage of the target gene LpSCL6, thereby promoting SE. Therefore, the present study established a new mechanism whereby the eTM-miR171-SCL6 module regulates SE in Lilium pumilum and provides new insights clarifying the mechanism of SE.
Short-term outcomes of EXCOR Paediatric implantation
Authors: Komori Motoki , Hoashi Takaya , Sakaguchi Heima , Imai Kenta , Okuda Naoki , Fukushima Norihide , Kurosaki Kenichi , Ichikawa Hajime 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to review a single institution’s experience with EXCOR Paediatric implantation.

METHODS
Patients &lt;15 years old who underwent EXCOR implantation as a bridge to transplantation between 2015 and 2021 were enrolled. Major adverse events included death, cerebrovascular event resulting in sequelae, major infection (sepsis or surgical site infection requiring open sternal irrigation or device removal) and device malfunction requiring surgical treatment.

RESULTS
Overall median age and weight for all 20 children at implantation were 10.8 (interquartile range, 7.9–33.2) months and 6.3 (4.6–10.2) kg. Ten patients (50%) weighed &lt;5 kg. Primary diagnoses were dilated cardiomyopathy in 13 patients, fulminant myocarditis in 3, restrictive cardiomyopathy in 2 and congenital heart disease in 2. Two patients required biventricular assist support. The median support time was 365 (241–636) days. Six patients (30%) were supported for &gt;20 months. One patient died. Seven patients underwent heart transplant. Heart transplant has not been performed in the last 1.5 years. Five patients were weaned from EXCOR support after native myocardial recovery, including a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy who recovered after 24 months of EXCOR support. Major complication-free survival at 6, 12 and 18 months were 79.3%, 49.6% and 38.6%, respectively. Body weight &lt;5 kg at implantation was a risk factor for decreased major complication-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Survival during EXCOR Paediatric support was good, but it prolonged the wait time for a heart transplant. The number of major complications increased over time and was not negligible, especially in small children.
Linear convergence of the subspace constrained mean shift algorithm: from Euclidean to directional data
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Chen Yen-Chi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the linear convergence of the subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) algorithm, a well-known algorithm for identifying a density ridge defined by a kernel density estimator. By arguing that the SCMS algorithm is a special variant of a subspace constrained gradient ascent (SCGA) algorithm with an adaptive step size, we derive the linear convergence of such SCGA algorithm. While the existing research focuses mainly on density ridges in the Euclidean space, we generalize density ridges and the SCMS algorithm to directional data. In particular, we establish the stability theorem of density ridges with directional data and prove the linear convergence of our proposed directional SCMS algorithm.
Effects of a Bulking Agent on the Protein:Carbohydrate Ratio, Bioconversion, and Cost-effectiveness of a Larval Diet for Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Aceituno-Medina Marysol , Hernández Emilio , Rincón-Betancurt Olivia , García-Fajardo Luz Verónica , Diego-García Elia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although the bulking agent is categorized as ‘inert’, it could modify protein bioavailability and nutritional quality. In this study, the main goal was to determine if the bulking agent modified the protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratio and bioconversion from diet biomass to larval biomass of Anastrepha ludens. The diet was altered only by modifying the type of bulking agent (corncob powder, coconut fiber, carrot fiber, oatmeal) added without changing the composition and concentration of the other components in the formulation. This allowed reclassification of the food matrices according to P:C ratios of 1:30, 1:35, 1:64, and 1:93. A food matrix with a high P:C ratio promoted a high protein and carbohydrate content in the larval hemolymph and immediately influenced the life-history traits of the larva or delayed them in the adult. The present study indicated a positive relationship between the P:G+T (glucose+trehalose) ratio in the larval hemolymph and the P:C ratio in the larval diet. Our results highlight the importance of including the optimum and real P:C ratio in whole fresh larval diets, since considering only the theoretical concentration of the formulation is not enough to understand the variation in key life-history traits. In addition, the bioconversion index should be included as an indicator of the efficacy of larval diets for mass rearing insects. A diet with high cost-effectiveness should be evaluated by taking into account flying flies as the end product of the mass rearing process to enhance operational SIT programs.
Mating Competitiveness ofBactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae) Males From a Genetic Sexing Strain: Effects of Overflooding Ratio and Released Females
Authors: Shelly Todd E , Manoukis Nicholas C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a global pest that infests a range of fruit and vegetables. Males are attracted to methyl eugenol, and control is often achieved by the Male Annihilation Technique, where methyl eugenol + insecticide dispensers are deployed to eliminate males, preclude matings, and reduce population growth. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has also been used to control B. dorsalis. The SIT involves the release of mass-reared, sterilized males to achieve matings with wild females, who then produce inviable eggs. Two key elements of SIT include the overflooding ratio achieved (sterile: wild males) and the strain type utilized, namely bisexual or genetically sexed (allowing male-only releases). Here, we describe the effects of these two factors on the mating competitiveness of a males from a genetic sexing strain of B. dorsalis, termed DTWP. Mating success was scored for DTWP versus wild males in field cages at ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 10:1 both when DTWP females were or were not concurrently released with DTWP males. Close correspondence was found between observed numbers of matings of particular male–female combinations and expected numbers based on the numbers of flies released of each sex and each strain. As a result, the proportion of total matings achieved by the DTWP across the eight treatments showed a corresponding increase with overflooding ratio. At a given ratio, DTWP males had a higher relative mating success when DTWP females were absent rather than present, although the reason for this was unclear.
Enhancement of antiproliferative potential of metformin against melanoma mice B16 cells using an optimized liposomal drug delivery system
Authors: Magdy Shrouk , Fathalla Zeinab , Alaaeldin Eman , Abdel-Aziz Rasha T A , Mansour Heba F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Metformin-loaded liposomes were optimized for enhanced antiproliferative activity against melanoma.

Methods
Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize entrapment efficiency, ex-vivo permeation and vesicle size. The optimized formulation was prepared by both the lipid hydration method and the modified injection method for comparison. Different concentrations of Pluronic F127 were employed for modification. Selected Pluronic-modified formulation (lipid molar concentration 55 mmol, cholesterol 30% and drug loading 52.9 mg) was characterized for morphology, entrapment efficiency, permeation and vesicle size.

Results
The optimized formulation resulted in entrapment efficiency of 41.7 ± 0.01%, vesicle size of 1.405 ± 0.061 µm and percentage of permeation was 67 ± 5.5%. The improved cytotoxic effect of the selected formulation against melanoma mice B16 cell line compared with metformin solution was determined using MTT assay. Compared with the corresponding drug solution, the Pluronic-modified optimized liposomes displayed a highly efficient cytotoxic effect as evidenced by significant lowering in IC50 −887.3 ± 23.2 and 26.71 ± 0.69 μg/ml, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001.

Conclusion
This study introduces an optimized liposomal formulation with enhanced cytotoxic effect against melanoma B16 cell line.
Research progress on the pharmacy of tetramethylpyrazine and its pharmacological activity in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Zhang Yafang , He Linfeng , Ma Cheng , Wang Cheng , Zhou Honglin , Guo Chaocheng , Gong Lihong , Wan Yan , Peng Cheng , Li Yunxia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The role and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), as well as the research of its new formulations are reviewed, which provides a new strategy for the clinical application of TMP.

Methods
We searched the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI for relevant literature from 1991 to 2021 by searching for the keywords “TMP”, “ligustrazine”, “cardiovascular disease” and “nanoformulation”. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) the literature is an experimental article, (2) the article studies cardiovascular and cerebrovascular-related diseases and (3) the article also includes the pharmacy research of TMP. A total of 160 articles were screened.

Key findings
TMP has various pharmacological effects in the treatment of many CCVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardium, cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury and hypertension. Its protective effects are mainly related to its anti-platelet activity, protection of endothelial cells, and anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. In addition to pharmacological activity studies, the information of the new formulations is also significant for the further development and utilization of TMP.

Conclusions
Above all, TMP can protect cardio-cerebro vessels, and preparing new formulations can improve its bioavailability, indicating that TMP has broad prospects in the treatment of CCVDs.
Bronchopleural fistula due to cavitary pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with open thoracostomy
Authors: Belyayev Leonid A , Foroushani Sophia M , Wiener Daniel C , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Marshall M Blair , Khalil Hassan A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes substantial parenchymal damage in some patients. There is a paucity of literature describing the surgical management COVID-19 associated bronchopleural fistula after failure of medical therapy. We present the case of a 59-year-old woman with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia with bronchopleural fistula and radiographic and clinical evidence of disease refractory to medical therapy. After a course of culture-driven antimicrobial therapy and failure to improve following drainage with tube thoracostomy, she was treated successfully with Clagett open thoracostomy. After resolution of the bronchopleural fistula, the thoracostomy was closed and she was discharged home. In cases of severe COVID-19 complicated by bronchopleural fistula with parenchymal destruction, a tailored approach involving surgical management when indicated can lead to acceptable outcomes without significant morbidity.
Priming of camalexin accumulation in induced systemic resistance by beneficial bacteria against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Huu , Trotel-Aziz Patricia , Villaume Sandra , Rabenoelina Fanja , Clément Christophe , Baillieul Fabienne , Aziz Aziz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plants harbor various beneficial microbes that modulate their innate immunity, resulting in induced systemic resistance (ISR) against a broad range of pathogens. Camalexin is an integral part of Arabidopsis innate immunity, but the contribution of its biosynthesis in ISR is poorly investigated. We focused on camalexin accumulation primed by two beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, and its role in ISR against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae Pst DC3000. Our data show that colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots by beneficial bacteria triggers ISR against both pathogens and primes plants for enhanced accumulation of camalexin and CYP71A12 transcript in leaf tissues. Pseudomonas fluorescens induced the most efficient ISR response against B. cinerea, while B. subtilis was more efficient against Pst DC3000. Analysis of cyp71a12 and pad3 mutants revealed that loss of camalexin synthesis affected ISR mediated by both bacteria against B. cinerea. CYP71A12 and PAD3 contributed significantly to the pathogen-triggered accumulation of camalexin, but PAD3 does not seem to contribute to ISR against Pst DC3000. This indicated a significant contribution of camalexin in ISR against B. cinerea, but not always against Pst DC3000. Experiments with Arabidopsis mutants compromised in different hormonal signaling pathways highlighted that B. subtilis stimulates similar signaling pathways upon infection with both pathogens, since salicylic acid (SA), but not jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene, is required for ISR camalexin accumulation. However, P. fluorescens-induced ISR differs depending on the pathogen; both SA and JA are required for camalexin accumulation upon B. cinerea infection, while camalexin is not necessary for priming against Pst DC3000.
Adjustment Disorder in U.S. Service Members: Factors Associated With Early Separation
Authors: Morgan Maria A , O’Gallagher Kevin , Kelber Marija Spanovic , Garvey Wilson Abigail L , Belsher Bradley E , Evatt Daniel P 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdjustment disorder (AD) is a time-delimited disorder characterized by excessive emotional distress or impaired functioning in response to an identifiable stressor. Although it is commonly diagnosed in mental health settings, its impact on occupational, social and other areas of functioning is not well understood. As a subthreshold disorder that is frequently diagnosed in conjunction with other physical and mental health disorders, the extent of its contribution to functional impairment may be obscured. During military service, research suggests AD is frequently diagnosed in early-service trainees. To help elucidate the relationship between AD and functional outcome, we explored 2 factors that may be associated with the rate of separation from service in U.S. active duty service members (SMs) with an AD diagnosis: previous mental health diagnoses and time in service when SMs receive an incident AD diagnosis (IADx).Materials and MethodsTwenty-thousand SMs with an IADx were grouped by whether or not this was their first mental health diagnosis received in the military. To assess functional impairment, the 2 groups were compared on rate of separation. Those without prior diagnoses were then stratified into 5 groups based on length of time from military entrance to receipt of IADx and were further analyzed for separation rates. The Cox model was used to determine hazard ratios and create survival curves. The study was determined to be “not human subjects research.”ResultsNearly half (46.4%) of SMs with an IADx previously had received a mental health diagnosis and had an increased risk of separation [hazard ratio = 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.207-1.286)]. Of SMs with IADx as their first diagnosis, 19.3% were diagnosed during the first 6 months of service and had the highest risk of separating [hazard ratio = 1.48 (1.381-1.589)], with a 60% probability of separating within 2 years of diagnosis. Those receiving it during the second 6 months of service (16.2%), second year (20.1%), or third year (18.2%) had approximately a 47% probability of separating within 2 years.ConclusionsPrevious mental health diagnoses and time in service when diagnosed appear to be important factors associated with functional impairment for SMs with AD. Nearly half of those with an IADx had previously received diagnoses for mood, anxiety, and other disorders and were at higher risk of separation following IADx. Our findings are based on diagnoses entered in electronic health records, so we cannot identify the nature of the stressor that precipitated AD. Nonetheless, early IADx predicted the fastest rate of separation, and it may be an opportune time for interventions to reduce its impact on functional outcomes.
Trapping of H ii regions in Population III star formation
Authors: Jaura Ondrej , Glover Simon C O , Wollenberg Katharina M J , Klessen Ralf S , Geen Sam , Haemmerlé Lionel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Radiative feedback from massive Population III (Pop III) stars in the form of ionizing and photodissociating photons is widely believed to play a central role in shutting off accretion on to these stars. Understanding whether and how this occurs is vital for predicting the final masses reached by these stars and the form of the Pop III stellar initial mass function. To help us better understand the impact of UV radiation from massive Pop III stars on the gas surrounding them, we carry out high-resolution simulations of the formation and early evolution of these stars, using the arepo moving-mesh code coupled with the innovative radiative transfer module sprai. Contrary to most previous results, we find that the ionizing radiation from these stars is trapped in the dense accretion disc surrounding them. Consequently, the inclusion of radiative feedback has no significant impact on either the number or the total mass of protostars formed during the 20 kyr period that we simulate. We show that the reason that we obtain qualitatively different results from previous studies of Pop III stellar feedback lies in how the radiation is injected into the simulation. H ii region trapping only occurs if the photons are injected on scales smaller than the local scale height of the accretion disc, a criterion not fulfilled in previous 3D simulations of this process. Finally, we speculate as to whether outflows driven by the magnetic field or by Lyman-α radiation pressure may be able to clear enough gas away from the star to allow the H ii region to escape from the disc.
High-throughput screening of cell-free riboswitches by fluorescence-activated droplet sorting
Authors: Tabuchi Takeshi , Yokobayashi Yohei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cell-free systems that display complex functions without using living cells are emerging as new platforms to test our understanding of biological systems as well as for practical applications such as biosensors and biomanufacturing. Those that use cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems to enable genetically programmed protein synthesis have relied on genetic regulatory components found or engineered in living cells. However, biological constraints such as cell permeability, metabolic stability, and toxicity of signaling molecules prevent development of cell-free devices using living cells even if cell-free systems are not subject to such constraints. Efforts to engineer regulatory components directly in CFPS systems thus far have been based on low-throughput experimental approaches, limiting the availability of basic components to build cell-free systems with diverse functions. Here, we report a high-throughput screening method to engineer cell-free riboswitches that respond to small molecules. Droplet-sorting of riboswitch variants in a CFPS system rapidly identified cell-free riboswitches that respond to compounds that are not amenable to bacterial screening methods. Finally, we used a histamine riboswitch to demonstrate chemical communication between cell-sized droplets.