bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Mixed Reality for Knowledge Retention in Physiology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Pharmacology Interdisciplinary Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Veer Vineesha , Phelps Charlotte , Moro Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisease education is a fundamental component in health science and medicine curricula, as it prepares students for their progression into health profession careers. However, this requires an ability to integrate concepts across multiple disciplines. Technology-enhanced interventions may bridge this gap, and this study assessed the effectiveness of a textbook-style or a three-dimensional mixed reality (MR, a hybrid of augmented and virtual reality) HoloLens resource for student learning and knowledge retention using asthma as a model of disease. Sixty-seven first-year undergraduate health science and medical students were randomized into two groups to complete a lesson on the physiology, anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology of asthma, delivered through either a textbook-style (n = 34) or MR (n = 33) resource. Participants took part in the study in small groups and completed the intervention and surveys in separate areas of a large laboratory space. A pre-test prior to the lesson included multiple-choice questions, with the post-test having additional multiple-choice questions to assess learning. A follow-up test to assess retention was performed two weeks later. Pre- and post-test scores revealed increased learning across both the textbook (p = 0.001) and MR (p = 0.05) interventions, although higher test results were obtained by those using the textbook-style resource (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in knowledge retention scores. Although the textbook-style resource was more effective for increasing test results, participants perceived MR as more favorable, highlighting the experience as enjoyable and useful. This study presents MR as an option for integration in cases where educators wish to enhance student enjoyment of the learning experience. However, the results suggest that traditional text-based resources persist as a fundamental delivery mode within a modern curriculum.
Non-Hermitian quantum gases: a platform for imaginary time crystals
Authors: Arouca R. , Marino E. C. , Morais Smith C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the foremost objectives of statistical mechanics is the description of the thermodynamic properties of quantum gases. Despite the great importance of this topic, such achievement is still lacking in the case of non-Hermitian quantum gases. Here, we investigate the properties of bosonic and fermionic non-Hermitian systems at finite temperatures. We show that non-Hermitian systems exhibit oscillations both in temperature and imaginary time. As such, they can be a possible platform to realize an imaginary time crystal (iTC) phase. The Hatano–Nelson model is identified as a simple lattice model to reveal this effect. In addition, we show that the conditions for the iTC to be manifest are the same as the conditions for the presence of disorder points, where the correlation functions show oscillating behavior. This analysis makes clear that our realization of an iTC is effectively a way to filter one specific Matsubara mode. In this realization, the Matsubara frequency, which usually appears as a mathematical tool to compute correlation functions at finite temperatures, can be measured experimentally.
An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition
Authors: Dekkers Koen F. , Sayols-Baixeras Sergi , Baldanzi Gabriel , Nowak Christoph , Hammar Ulf , Nguyen Diem , Varotsis Georgios , Brunkwall Louise , Nielsen Nynne , Eklund Aron C. , Bak Holm Jacob , Nielsen H. Bjørn , Ottosson Filip , Lin Yi-Ting , Ahmad Shafqat , Lind Lars , Sundström Johan , Engström Gunnar , Smith J. Gustav , Ärnlöv Johan , Orho-Melander Marju , Fall Tove 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman gut microbiota produce a variety of molecules, some of which enter the bloodstream and impact health. Conversely, dietary or pharmacological compounds may affect the microbiota before entering the circulation. Characterization of these interactions is an important step towards understanding the effects of the gut microbiota on health. In this cross-sectional study, we used deep metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry for a detailed characterization of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolome, respectively, of 8583 participants invited at age 50 to 64 from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. Here, we find that the gut microbiota explain up to 46% of the variance of individual plasma metabolites and we present 997 associations between alpha diversity and plasma metabolites and 546,819 associations between specific gut metagenomic species and plasma metabolites in an online atlas (https://gutsyatlas.serve.scilifelab.se/). We exemplify the potential of this resource by presenting novel associations between dietary factors and oral medication with the gut microbiome, and microbial species strongly associated with the uremic toxinp-cresol sulfate. This resource can be used as the basis for targeted studies of perturbation of specific metabolites and for identification of candidate plasma biomarkers of gut microbiota composition.
Transition metal dichalcogenide metaphotonic and self-coupled polaritonic platform grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Shen Fuhuan , Zhang Zhenghe , Zhou Yaoqiang , Ma Jingwen , Chen Kun , Chen Huanjun , Wang Shaojun , Xu Jianbin , Chen Zefeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently attracted growing attention in the fields of dielectric nanophotonics because of their high refractive index and excitonic resonances. Despite the recent realizations of Mie resonances by patterning exfoliated TMDC flakes, it is still challenging to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic structures with a controllable thickness. Here, we report a bulk MoS2metaphotonic platform realized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) bottom-up method, supporting both pronounced dielectric optical modes and self-coupled polaritons. Magnetic surface lattice resonances (M-SLRs) and their energy-momentum dispersions are demonstrated in 1D MoS2gratings. Anticrossing behaviors with Rabi splitting up to 170 meV are observed when the M-SLRs are hybridized with the excitons in multilayer MoS2. In addition, distinct Mie modes and anapole-exciton polaritons are also experimentally demonstrated in 2D MoS2disk arrays. We believe that the CVD bottom-up method would open up many possibilities to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic devices and enrich the toolbox of engineering exciton-photon interactions in TMDCs.
The evolutionary advantage of an aromatic clamp in plant family 3 glycoside exo-hydrolases
Authors: Luang Sukanya , Fernández-Luengo Xavier , Nin-Hill Alba , Streltsov Victor A. , Schwerdt Julian G. , Alonso-Gil Santiago , Ketudat Cairns James R. , Pradeau Stéphanie , Fort Sébastien , Maréchal Jean-Didier , Masgrau Laura , Rovira Carme , Hrmova Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the barley β-d-glucan glucohydrolase, a glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) enzyme, the Trp286/Trp434 clamp ensures β-d-glucosides binding, which is fundamental for substrate hydrolysis during plant growth and development. We employ mutagenesis, high-resolution X-ray crystallography, and multi-scale molecular modelling methods to examine the binding and conformational behaviour of isomeric β-d-glucosides during substrate-product assisted processive catalysis that operates in GH3 hydrolases. Enzyme kinetics reveals that the W434H mutant retains broad specificity, while W434A behaves as a strict (1,3)-β-d-glucosidase. Investigations of reactant movements on the nanoscale reveal that processivity is sensitive to mutation-specific alterations of the tryptophan clamp. While wild-type and W434H utilise a lateral cavity for glucose displacement and sliding of (1,3)-linked hydrolytic products through the catalytic site without dissociation, consistent with their high hydrolytic rates, W434A does not adopt processive catalysis. Phylogenomic analyses of GH3 hydrolases disclose the evolutionary advantage of the tryptophan clamp that confers broad specificity, high catalytic efficiency, and processivity.
Local features drive identity responses in macaque anterior face patches
Authors: Waidmann Elena N. , Koyano Kenji W. , Hong Julie J. , Russ Brian E. , Leopold David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumans and other primates recognize one another in part based on unique structural details of the face, including both local features and their spatial configuration within the head and body. Visual analysis of the face is supported by specialized regions of the primate cerebral cortex, which in macaques are commonly known as face patches. Here we ask whether the responses of neurons in anterior face patches, thought to encode face identity, are more strongly driven by local or holistic facial structure. We created stimuli consisting of recombinant photorealistic images of macaques, where we interchanged the eyes, mouth, head, and body between individuals. Unexpectedly, neurons in the anterior medial (AM) and anterior fundus (AF) face patches were predominantly tuned to local facial features, with minimal neural selectivity for feature combinations. These findings indicate that the high-level structural encoding of face identity rests upon populations of neurons specialized for local features.
Activation of the insulin receptor by an insulin mimetic peptide
Authors: Park Junhee , Li Jie , Mayer John P. , Ball Kerri A. , Wu Jiayi , Hall Catherine , Accili Domenico , Stowell Michael H. B. , Bai Xiao-chen , Choi Eunhee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInsulin receptor (IR) signaling defects cause a variety of metabolic diseases including diabetes. Moreover, inherited mutations of the IR cause severe insulin resistance, leading to early morbidity and mortality with limited therapeutic options. A previously reported selective IR agonist without sequence homology to insulin, S597, activates IR and mimics insulin’s action on glycemic control. To elucidate the mechanism of IR activation by S597, we determine cryo-EM structures of the mouse IR/S597 complex. Unlike the compact T-shaped active IR resulting from the binding of four insulins to two distinct sites, two S597 molecules induce and stabilize an extended T-shaped IR through the simultaneous binding to both the L1 domain of one protomer and the FnIII-1 domain of another. Importantly, S597 fully activates IR mutants that disrupt insulin binding or destabilize the insulin-induced compact T-shape, thus eliciting insulin-like signaling. S597 also selectively activates IR signaling among different tissues and triggers IR endocytosis in the liver. Overall, our structural and functional studies guide future efforts to develop insulin mimetics targeting insulin resistance caused by defects in insulin binding and stabilization of insulin-activated state of IR, demonstrating the potential of structure-based drug design for insulin-resistant diseases.
Household transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Denmark
Authors: Lyngse Frederik Plesner , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Denwood Matthew J. , Christiansen Lasse Engbo , Møller Camilla Holten , Skov Robert Leo , Spiess Katja , Fomsgaard Anders , Lassaunière Ria , Rasmussen Morten , Stegger Marc , Nielsen Claus , Sieber Raphael Niklaus , Cohen Arieh Sierra , Møller Frederik Trier , Overvad Maria , Mølbak Kåre , Krause Tyra Grove , Kirkeby Carsten Thure 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn late 2021, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant, but the extent to which this transition was driven by immune evasion or a change in the inherent transmissibility is currently unclear. We estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission within Danish households during December 2021. Among 26,675 households (8,568 with the Omicron VOC), we identified 14,140 secondary infections within a 1–7-day follow-up period. The secondary attack rate was 29% and 21% in households infected with Omicron and Delta, respectively. For Omicron, the odds of infection were 1.10 (95%-CI: 1.00-1.21) times higher for unvaccinated, 2.38 (95%-CI: 2.23-2.54) times higher for fully vaccinated and 3.20 (95%-CI: 2.67-3.83) times higher for booster-vaccinated contacts compared to Delta. We conclude that the transition from Delta to Omicron VOC was primarily driven by immune evasiveness and to a lesser extent an inherent increase in the basic transmissibility of the Omicron variant.
Synaptic plasticity in self-powered artificial striate cortex for binocular orientation selectivity
Authors: Ren Yanyun , Bu Xiaobo , Wang Ming , Gong Yue , Wang Junjie , Yang Yuyang , Li Guijun , Zhang Meng , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGet in-depth understanding of each part of visual pathway yields insights to conquer the challenges that classic computer vision is facing. Here, we first report the bioinspired striate cortex with binocular and orientation selective receptive field based on the crossbar array of self-powered memristors which is solution-processed monolithic all-perovskite system with each cross-point containing one CsFAPbI3 solar cell directly stacking on the CsPbBr2I memristor. The plasticity of self-powered memristor can be modulated by optical stimuli following triplet-STDP rules. Furthermore, plasticity of 3 × 3 flexible crossbar array of self-powered memristors has been successfully modulated based on generalized BCM learning rule for optical-encoded pattern recognition. Finally, we implemented artificial striate cortex with binocularity and orientation selectivity based on two simulated 9 × 9 self-powered memristors networks. The emulation of striate cortex with binocular and orientation selectivity will facilitate the brisk edge and corner detection for machine vision in the future applications.
QDataSet, quantum datasets for machine learning
Authors: Perrier Elija , Youssry Akram , Ferrie Chris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe availability of large-scale datasets on which to train, benchmark and test algorithms has been central to the rapid development of machine learning as a discipline. Despite considerable advancements, the field of quantum machine learning has thus far lacked a set of comprehensive large-scale datasets upon which to benchmark the development of algorithms for use in applied and theoretical quantum settings. In this paper, we introduce such a dataset, the QDataSet, a quantum dataset designed specifically to facilitate the training and development of quantum machine learning algorithms. The QDataSet comprises 52 high-quality publicly available datasets derived from simulations of one- and two-qubit systems evolving in the presence and/or absence of noise. The datasets are structured to provide a wealth of information to enable machine learning practitioners to use the QDataSet to solve problems in applied quantum computation, such as quantum control, quantum spectroscopy and tomography. Accompanying the datasets on the associated GitHub repository are a set of workbooks demonstrating the use of the QDataSet in a range of optimisation contexts.
Canonical mean-field molecular dynamics derived from quantum mechanics
Authors: Huang Xin , Plecháč Petr , Sandberg Mattias , Szepessy Anders 
Published: September 2022

Canonical quantum correlation observables can be approximated by classical molecular dynamics. In the case of low temperature theab initiomolecular dynamics potential energy is based on the ground state electron eigenvalue problem and the accuracy has been proven to beO(M-1), provided the first electron eigenvalue gap is sufficiently large compared to the given temperature andMis the ratio of nuclei and electron masses. For higher temperature eigenvalues corresponding to excited electron states are required to obtainO(M-1) accuracy and the derivations assume that all electron eigenvalues are separated, which for instance excludes conical intersections. This work studies a mean-field molecular dynamics approximation where the mean-field Hamiltonian for the nuclei is the partial traceh := Tr(He−βH)/Tr(e−βH) with respect to the electron degrees of freedom andHis the Weyl symbol corresponding to a quantum many body Hamiltonian ̂H. It is proved that the mean-field molecular dynamics approximates canonical quantum correlation observables with accuracyO(M-1+tϵ2), for correlation timetwhereϵ2is related to the variance of mean value approximationh. Furthermore, the proof derives a precise asymptotic representation of the Weyl symbol of the Gibbs density operator using a path integral formulation. Numerical experiments on a model problem with one nuclei and two electron states show that the mean-field dynamics has similar or better accuracy than standard molecular dynamics based on the ground state electron eigenvalue.
Lauterbach will Lindner mitreden lassen
Authors: Roßius Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Finanzministerium soll laut überarbeitetem Entwurf zum Krankenhauspflegeentlastungsgesetz künftig über die Zahl der Pflegekräfte in den Kliniken mitentscheiden. Ein Affront!
Editorial
Authors: Crismani Adriano 
Published: September 2022

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen,ich darf Ihnen die 3. Ausgabe dieses Jahres präsentieren. Mit Sicherheit
werden Sie aktuelle und interessante Beiträge – verfasst von
erfahrenen Autorinnen und Autoren aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum sowie aus Italien,
die im Rahmen der 50. Internationalen Tagung der ÖGKFO in Kitzbühel
einen Vortrag gehalten haben – finden. An dieser Stelle möchte ich
mich sehr herzlich bei diesen für ihren professionellen Einsatz
bedanken!
Nichtinvasive Behandlung von abradierten oberen
Frontzähnen
Authors: Luzi Cesare , Imbelloni Arturo 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung eines Patienten mit stark abradierten Zähnen wäre
nach den klassischen Konzepten der Prothetik sehr komplex und
zahnschädigend. Parodontalchirurgische Maßnahmen, eine
endodontische Versorgung von Zähnen, Stiftaufbauten und die Versorgung
mit künstlichen Zahnkronen wären erforderlich. Heutzutage
können solche Probleme mit nichtinvasiven Verfahren, darunter auch
kieferorthopädischen, angegangen werden, wodurch die Zahnhartsubstanzen
und die Parodontalgewebe erhalten bleiben.Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Behandlung eines Patienten mit starken
Zahnhartsubstanzverlusten durch ein interdisziplinär zusammengesetztes
Team (Kieferorthopäde, Prothetiker, Zahntechniker). Die
Hartsubstanzverluste waren dabei auf zwei Ursachen
zurückzuführen. Besonders die Palatinalflächen der
oberen Frontzähne waren auf Grund chemischer Erosion (Reflux von
Magensäure) sehr temperaturempfindlich geworden und es war
Zahnhartsubstanz durch Parafunktionen verloren gegangen. Gingivalsaum und
Fehlstellungen der Zähne wurden im Rahmen einer
kieferorthopädischen Therapie korrigiert. Die abradierten, aber
ansonsten gesunden, Frontzähne wurden dann mit sechs additiven Veneers
versorgt. Zahnstruktur, Vitalität und Knochenverlauf wurden dadurch
nicht beeinflusst. Provisorien waren nicht erforderlich und bei der
Präparation der Zähne war eine Anästhesie ebenso wenig
notwendig, wie beim Einsetzten der Versorgungen.Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll ein Protokoll vorgestellt werden, mit dem die
strukturellen und ästhetischen Probleme eines Patienten mit stark
abradierter oberer Front konservierend und komfortabel behandelt werden
können.
Digitalisierung im Bereich der MKG-Chirurgie und an der Schnittstelle
zur Kieferorthopädie
Authors: Kolk Andreas 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungGerade im gemeinsamen Feld der Kieferorthopädie und MKG-Chirurgie ist die
Digitalisierung seit ca. 10 Jahren bereits in der klinischen Routine angekommen.
In der chirurgischen Planung und Umsetzung führt dieser Prozess mit
extended reality zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung sämtlicher
medizinischen Versorgungsleistungen von der Diagnose über die Therapie
bis zur Nachsorge. Von dieser Qualitätsverbesserung aufgrund der
Präzisionssteigerung in der Planung und Umsetzung profitieren neben den
Patienten sämtliche beteiligten Akteuren, also Chirurgen,
Kostenträger, aber auch in Ausbildung befindliche Chirurgen und
Medizinstudenten. Das simulationsbasierte virtuelle Training offeriert
unkomplizierte, räumlich unabhängige Möglichkeiten der
fundierten Ausbildung. Weitere Entwicklungen zur Präzisionssteigerung,
Zeitersparnis durch Automatisierung und zum Simulationsbasierten virtuellen
chirurgischen Training sind über die XR zeitnah zu erwarten. Aufgrund
der zunehmenden intraoperativen Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten wird die AR
die intraoperative Sicherheit weiter steigern.Auch wenn dieser Prozess bereits im vollen Gange und politisch in erhebliche
Maße gewollt ist, dürfen neben den vielen Vorteilen für
unser Fachgebiet die noch offenen Punkte bzw. Nachteile nicht gänzlich
übersehen werden: Es sind erhebliche Investitionen erforderlich, die bei
den verantwortlichen Kostenträgern nicht immer auf Akzeptanz
stoßen, es bestehen seitens der Ärzte, aber auch seitens der
Patienten bis dato noch erhebliche Vorbehalte gegenüber der zunehmenden
Digitalisierung und den damit verbundenen Umstellungen. Bisher ist die
Digitalisierung nur im Bereich des privaten Umfeldes akzeptiert. Darüber
hinaus werden vor allem bei der Künstliche Intelligenz große
Patientendatenmengen verarbeitet, deren Transfer zum Beispiel für
Qualitätsstudien Datenschutzprobleme zur Folge haben können.Trotzdem ist dieser Prozess nicht aufzuhalten und wird in absehbarer Zeit
sämtliche medizinischen Bereiche einnehmen.
Korrektur eines Gummy Smile mit Hilfe einer
Mini-Implantat-Verankerung – Direkte versus indirekte
Verankerung
Authors: Wilmes Benedict , Drescher Dieter 
Published: September 2022

AbstraktDas „Gummy Smile“ stellt für viele Patienten eine
ästhetisch unbefriedigende Situation dar. In diesem
Übersichtsartikel werden zwei Mechaniken mit skelettaler Verankerung
(Direkt versus Indirekt) zur Intrusion von Oberkiefer-Frontzähnen
vorgestellt, die insbesondere bei Vorliegen eines Tiefbisses eine
empfehlenswerte Behandlungsoption darstellen. Um die Gefahr von
Wurzelresorptionen zu minimieren, die insbesondere bei der Intrusion von
Scheidezähnen präsent ist, sollten grundsätzlich nur
kleine und konstante Kräfte appliziert werden.