bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZEB1 expression is frequently detected in undifferentiated and de‐differentiated carcinomas, but is not specific among endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Kihara Atsushi , Amano Yusuke , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Niki Toshiro 
Published: April 2022

AimsThe pathological diagnosis of undifferentiated and de‐differentiated endometrial carcinomas (UC/DCs) is prognostically important. However, undifferentiated components may be confused with other subtypes, particularly grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas (G3ECs). Zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has recently been identified as a promising marker because it is frequently expressed in the undifferentiated components of UC/DCs, but not in other carcinomas. Therefore, we herein evaluated the diagnostic utility of ZEB1 with an emphasis on distinguishing between UC/DCs and G3ECs using an expanded cohort of endometrial carcinomas and carcinosarcomas.Methods and resultsImmunostaining for ZEB1 was performed on whole‐tissue sections of 19 UC/DCs, 194 non‐UC/DC endometrial carcinomas and 29 carcinosarcomas. Staining was defined as negative (< 5%), focal (5–50%) and diffuse expression (> 50%). ZEB1 was expressed in 84% of the undifferentiated components of UC/DCs (diffuse in 14, focal in two). Focal expression was observed in eight non‐UC/DC endometrial carcinomas and diffuse expression in seven, with the latter comprising G3ECs (four of 76), serous carcinoma (one of 37), clear cell carcinoma (one of 21) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (one of three). Epithelial differentiation was morphologically and immunohistochemically less evident in G3ECs and neuroendocrine carcinoma with diffuse ZEB1 expression. All carcinosarcomas showed diffuse ZEB1 expression in their sarcomatous components.ConclusionImmunostaining for ZEB1 was sufficiently sensitive to detect undifferentiated components. Diffuse ZEB1 expression showed high specificity for distinguishing between undifferentiated components and G3ECs; however, ZEB1 expression was not entirely specific to UC/DCs. The integration of ZEB1 into the diagnosis of UC/DCs requires careful examination to exclude other tumours, such as less differentiated G3ECs, neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinosarcomas.
Association of dietary macronutrient intake with adiposity during childhood according to sex: Findings from the generationXXIbirth cohort
Authors: Marinho Ana Rita , Severo Milton , Vilela Sofia , Torres Duarte , Oliveira Andreia , Lopes Carla 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesFew studies have assessed the independent and longitudinal effects of each macronutrient intake on adiposity throughout childhood. We aimed to prospectively assess the independent associations between each macronutrient intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (protein, carbohydrates, fat, and fibre) and each measure of adiposity from 7 to 10 years of age by sex.MethodsData from the population‐based birth cohort Generation XXI was used (n = 3999). At 4, 7, and 10 years old, dietary, anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected. The dietary intake of the children was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index z‐scores (zBMI), percentage of body fat (%FM) from bio‐impedance, and waist‐to‐hip ratio (Whr) were used as measures of adiposity. Path analysis tested the independent associations between each macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrates, fat, and fibre) and each measure of adiposity from 7 to 10 years of age.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, an increase in energy from fibre intake at the age of 7 was associated with lower zBMI at the same age (β = −0.073; 95%CI [−0.127,‐0.019]) and at 10 years (β = −0.083; 95%CI [−0.137,‐0.029]). Similar results were found for %FM and Whr, and in each sex separately. At the age of 10, an increase in energy from fibre intake was associated with lower %FM and Whr, while an increase in energy from protein was associated with an increase in Whr (β = 0.061; 95%CI [0.014, 0.107]).ConclusionsOur study supports the protective effect of fibre intake on adiposity development during childhood in both sexes.
Exploring epigenetic reprogramming during central nervous system infection
Authors: Van Roy Zachary , Kielian Tammy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEpigenetics involves the study of various modes of adaptable transcriptional regulation, contributing to cell identity, characteristics, and function. During central nervous system (CNS) infection, epigenetic mechanisms can exert pronounced control over the maturation and antimicrobial properties of nearly every immune cell type. Epigenetics is a relatively new field, with the first mention of these marks proposed only a half‐century ago and a substantial body of immunological epigenetic research emerging only in the last few decades. Here, we review the best‐characterized epigenetic marks and their functions as well as illustrate how various immune cell populations responding to CNS infection utilize these marks to organize their activation state and inflammatory processes. We also discuss the metabolic and clinical implications of epigenetic marks and the rapidly expanding set of tools available to researchers that are enabling elucidation of increasingly detailed genetic regulatory pathways. These considerations paint an intricate picture of inflammatory regulation, where epigenetic marks influence genetic, signaling, and environmental elements to orchestrate a tailored immunological response to the threat at hand, cementing epigenetics as an important player in immunity.
Workers’ tenure and firm productivity: New evidence from matched employer‐employee panel data
Authors: Gagliardi Nicola , Grinza Elena , Rycx François 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing rich longitudinal matched employer‐employee data on Belgian firms, we explore the impact of workers’ tenure on firm productivity. To do so, we estimate production functions augmented with firm‐level measures of tenure. We deal with the endogeneity of standard inputs and tenure, which arises from unobserved firm heterogeneity and reverse causality, by applying a modified version of Ackerberg et al.’s (2015) control function method, which explicitly removes firm fixed effects. Consistently with recent theoretical predictions, our analyses point to positive, but decreasing, returns to tenure. We also find that the impact differs widely across several firm dimensions. Tenure is particularly beneficial for productivity in contexts characterized by a certain degree of routineness and low job complexity. Along the same lines, our findings indicate that tenure exerts stronger positive impacts in industrial and capital‐intensive firms, as well as in firms less reliant on ICT‐intensive and knowledge‐intensive processes.
Harder, better, faster, stronger? Work intensity and ‘good work’ in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hunt Tom , Pickard Harry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWork intensity in the United Kingdom has increased, yet gaps in our understanding of its causes and effects remain. It is often missing in current debates around job quality. This paper presents new evidence on the relationship between work intensity and job insecurity and on the negative effects of high work intensity for health and well‐being. Its findings help to inform debates about ‘good work’.
The anti‐oxidation mechanism of SiCf/SiC–B4C modified with Al2O3 in wet atmosphere based on machine learning
Authors: Shan Qingliang , Xue Yudong , Hu Jianbao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo study the anti‐oxidation mechanism of SiCf/SiC–B4C modified with Al2O3 in wet atmosphere, the damage evolution of composites after oxidation was explored by unsupervised machine learning technology (k‐means). Results display that the mean feature values of cluster‐1 (some small cracks in oxidation layer and matrix as well as fiber debonding) in composites modified with Al2O3 are larger than that in virgin after oxidation. Meanwhile, as the oxidation time increases, the concentrated area of cluster‐2 (fiber breakage, cracks in axial and transverse yarns) in both composites gradually shifts toward the direction of high mean feature values. Because Al2O3 can protect the BN from oxidation, the increase of peak frequency and risetime of composites modified with Al2O3 is less than that of virgin. Moreover, the proportion of cluster‐3 (big transverse matrix cracks) in composites modified with Al2O3 is always more than that of virgin. Based on the research results, the corresponding relationship between each damage behavior and each cluster is thoroughly built.
Towards the idea of ‘clinical capital’: A longitudinal study exploring nurses' dispositions and workplace manifestations in an Australian intensive care unit
Authors: Henderson Amanda , Takashima Mari , Burmeister Elizabeth , Strube Petra , Winch Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the concept of ‘capital’ through the study of successive interventions and outcomes (patient and staff) in a quaternity intensive care unit (ICU) across a 5‐year time frame.DesignA longitudinal intrinsic single site, a survey study was designed. The concept of ‘capital’ was explored through an adopted interpretive approach that involved understanding meanings from different sources, for example, discussions at compassion cafés, follow‐up from staff‐initiated activities, informal responses to organizational imperatives external to the unit (i.e. staff reductions and resource constraints), alongside empirical data about workplace climate and patient incidents.SettingA single ICU employing approximately 220 registered nurses at a quaternary hospital in Queensland, Australia.ParticipantsAll nurses employed in the ICU at the time of compassion cafes participated in providing feedback to inform successive activities. All nurses in the unit had equal opportunity to complete surveys, participate in subsequent unit‐based sessions, take‐up options; and all nurses had a responsibility to complete incident data.ResultsSurvey and incident data from 2015 to 2019 identify the complexity of workplace environments. Between 35% and 45% of nurses consistently completed the survey. Activities based on staff requests initially improved incident data but did not impact the work environment; negative perceptions of the work environment at the endpoint (2019) were associated with external factors.ConclusionQuality care environments are labile; sensitive to both unit activity and external organization directives (namely staff reductions). Quality care can be sustained in adverse situations with increased nurse engagement in patient care dynamics in the short term.ImpactThis study articulates a previously unidentified concept, ‘clinical capital’. Activities facilitating nurse engagement in broad care dynamics gave rise to a more robust climate than just focusing on social and psychological well‐being activities for nurses. Participation in issues of concern about patient care can promote resilience to short term fluctuations.
In Cash We Trust?
Authors: Parr Tom 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTMany individuals have miserable work lives, in which they must toil away at mind‐numbing yet exhausting tasks for hours on end, being ordered about by their superiors, perhaps with few guarantees that this source of income will persist for very long. However, this is only half of the story: what is centrally important is that many of those who endure these conditions are denied a fair wage in return for the burdens that they bear. In this article, I reflect on the significance of this fact in order to argue for the evaporation thesis. This thesis holds that individuals’ claims to particular employment‐related protections from their government disappear as their earnings increase. In the course of defending this position, I explore the moral difference an employee's wage offer makes to the work conditions that we can expect her to accept, including why there are limits to the role that cash can play here.
A numerical coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system for probable maximum flood estimation with application to California's southern Sierra Nevada foothills watersheds
Authors: Trinh T. , Diaz A. , Iseri Y. , Snider E. , Anderson M. L. , Carr K. J. , Kavvas M. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEstimation of probable maximum flood (PMF) is a crucial process in water resources management and in the design of large hydraulic structures. However, there are uncertainties in the estimation of hydrologic conditions that contribute to extreme floods. In particular, this is the case in snow‐dominated regions, as surface air temperature and wind speed are understood to have a substantial effect on the magnitude of a flood during a storm event. Motivated by the development of a new approach to investigate and estimate reliable PMF values and in an attempt to resolve the uncertainty issues, this study introduces a physically based modeling approach. For the case study, seven watersheds located in the Sierra‐Nevada mountain range of California, including Cosumnes, Mokelumne, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Merced, Upper San Joaquin, and Upper Kings were selected. The hydroclimate model was first implemented over the physical boundaries of the study region, and then utilized to simulate possible maximum flood conditions with input from 10 extreme precipitation scenarios. The study results provide evidence of a nonlinear atmospheric–hydrologic system; the extreme 72‐h basin‐averaged precipitation depth was found not to be linearly proportional to 72‐h flow volume equivalent depth. It can also be concluded that a large precipitation depth may not be the sole reason for a large flood event. Temperature and other atmospheric variables also contribute significantly to the production of snowfall and liquid water available for runoff, and to the resulting hydrologic response, such as the flood peak discharge and volume.
Reciprocal influences among marital relationship, Parent–adolescent relationship, and youth depressive symptoms
Authors: Chiang Shou‐Chun , Bai Sunhye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on the family systems framework, this study investigated the reciprocal prospective associations between marital relationship quality, parent–adolescent closeness and conflict, and adolescent depressive symptoms among families in Taiwan.BackgroundThe family systems theory posits reciprocity between family subsystems. However, the direction of influences between marital relationship quality, parent–adolescent relationship quality and adolescent well‐being may be more unidirectional in Chinese societies due to hierarchical family values.MethodData were from a longitudinal survey of 2292 parent‐youth dyads in the Taiwan Youth Project. Cross‐lagged path models were used to test the bidirectional associations between marital relationship quality, parent–adolescent closeness and conflict, and adolescent depressive symptoms from ages 12 to 18.ResultsOur primary hypothesis that marital relationship quality predicts parent–adolescent relationship quality, which then predicts adolescent depressive symptoms in a unidirectional manner was partially substantiated. Moreover, marital relationship quality directly predicted fewer depressive symptoms from middle to late adolescence and indirectly from early to late adolescence via parent–adolescent relationship quality in middle adolescence. We also found that child depressive symptoms predicted less parent–adolescent closeness, and more conflicts which predicted poorer marital relationship quality, particularly in early adolescence.ConclusionExtending the family systems theory, findings suggest that marital relationship quality plays a dominant role in the health and well‐being of Taiwanese families, especially as adolescents mature. Results highlight the importance of testing theories in families from diverse cultures.
Why Younger Catholics Seem More Committed: Survivorship Bias and/or “Creative Minority” Effects among British Catholics
Authors: Clements Ben , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe normative value of, and the extent of popular engagement with, different forms of commitment differ across Christian religious traditions, but studies often show women and older people exhibiting greater religiosity in their behavior and belief. Using a multidimensional approach to religious commitment, this study uses a new survey to provide an in‐depth assessment of Catholics in Britain. It finds that younger cohorts show greater involvement in some aspects of commitment and that there is very limited evidence for gender differences. Family religious socialization plays a key role in patterns of commitment relative to the weak impact of schooling. Two potential explanations for this counterintuitively positive “youth effect” seen among British Catholics are offered: “survivor bias” and a “creative minority” effect. The study provides an important contribution to understanding how Catholics in Britain engage with their faith and mediate processes of secularization.
Long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury: 132 cases
Authors: Bar‐Nathan Mali , Chen Hilla , Rimer Dar , Segev Gilad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury (AKI) is limited.ObjectivesDetermine the long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from AKI and identify predictors for serum creatinine concentration (sCr) normalization and long‐term outcome.AnimalsOne hundred thirty‐two dogs with AKI that survived ≥30 days postdischarge.MethodsRetrospective study. Search of medical records of dogs diagnosed with AKI that survived to discharge. Follow‐up data were retrieved from medical records and by telephone interviews with the owners or primary care veterinarians or both.ResultsEstimated median survival time (MST) was 1322 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 1147‐1626), and 76% of the dogs were alive at last contact. Normalization of sCr was documented in 55% of the dogs at discharge and in additional 20% during the follow‐up period. The proportion of dogs with sCr normalization decreased with increase in AKI grade (P = .02). Long‐term survival was not associated with sCr normalization (P = .63). Etiology was associated with the long‐term outcome (P = .004).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceLong‐term survival of dogs with AKI is longer than previously described. Normalization of sCr in 99 dogs (75%) occurred, either at discharge or within the follow‐up period. Normalization of sCr was not associated with long‐term survival. Estimated MST of dogs with sCr normalization was not different compared with dogs that developed azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD), presumably because of slow CKD progression rate. Etiology is an important factor determining sCr normalization and long‐term survival, emphasizing the importance of the reversibility of renal injury rather than its severity.
Treatment of chronic active T cell‐mediated rejection after kidney transplantation: A retrospective cohort study of 37 transplants
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi , Matsukuma Yuta , Nakagawa Kaneyasu , Ueki Kenji , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Nakano Toshiaki , Sato Yu , Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimData on the treatment of chronic active T cell‐mediated rejection (CA‐TCMR) are scarce, and therapeutical strategies for CA‐TCMR have not been established. We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes and effects of treatment on pathological and clinical findings in patients with CA‐TCMR.MethodsThis study comprised 37 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at our institute who were diagnosed with CA‐TCMR between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were followed until October 2021.ResultsA total of 32 of the 37 patients were treated. During the observation period, two patients died (5%), and five patients developed allograft loss (13%). A univariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that indication biopsy, higher spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) and Banff ci/ct scores were risk factors for allograft loss. Of the treated patients, 23 underwent follow‐up biopsies. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed significant improvement in the Baff scores for “ti”, “i‐IFTA”, “t” and “t‐IFTA” after treatment. On pathology, 13 (57%) of the patients who underwent follow‐up biopsy improved to “no evidence of rejection” or “borderline change.” Assuming that improvement in pathology to “borderline change” or “no evidence of rejection” on follow‐up biopsy indicates response to treatment, multivariate logistic analysis showed that lower UPCR was a predictive factor for response to treatment. No specific effect of treatment type was observed.ConclusionsOur results indicate that treatment could improve the pathological findings in CA‐TCMR.
Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation protects against stress‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in healthy adults
Authors: Mogilevski Tamara , Rosella Sam , Aziz Qasim , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal barrier dysfunction is the likely initiating event in multiple human diseases. Currently, there are limited therapeutic strategies to address its dysfunction. Animal studies suggest that vagal nerve stimulation may improve intestinal barrier function, but this has not been evaluated in humans. This study aimed to determine the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on intestinal permeability in adults administered a bolus dose of intravenous corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which has been shown to increase small intestinal permeability in healthy human subjects.MethodsIn a cross‐over study, 16 volunteers (median age 34 years, 11 female) were randomized to receive auricular transcutaneous vagal nerve or sham stimulation (10 minutes each side) after intravenous administration of 100 µg of CRH. Intestinal barrier function was measured before and 2 h after each intervention with dual‐sugar urine testing (lactulose:mannitol ratio) and intestinal fatty‐acid binding protein (I‐FABP).Key ResultsExposure to CRH increased I‐FABP concentrations by a median of 49 (IQR 4‐71)% (p = 0.009). Lactulose:mannitol ratios were 0.029 (0.025‐0.050) following vagal stimulation compared with 0.062 (0.032‐0.170) following sham stimulation (p = 0.0092), representing a fall of 53 (22‐71)%. I‐FABP concentrations did not change (p = 0.90).ConclusionsBrief non‐invasive vagal nerve stimulation consistently reduces paracellular permeability of the small intestine after CRH administration, but does not entirely mitigate I‐FABP release from the epithelium. Studies of vagal nerve stimulation in disease states are warranted.