bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Treatment Strategies Combating COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Mansoor Afsheen , Khan Muhammad Talal , Hussain Aleena , Mansoor Emaan , Gul Ambreen , Saleem Anber 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare different treatment strategies for patients of COVID-19 in Pakistan.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Abbas Medical Hospital, Muzaffarabad Pakistan, during Apr 2021.
Methodology: One hundred and twenty, COVID-19-positive patients between 31-45 years of age were admitted to Abbas hospital after carrying out the rRT-PCR test. Group-A was administered Azithromycin, while Group-B was treated with Azithromycin in combination with Hydroxychloroquine. Group-C was given a combination of oral Ivermectin and Doxycycline, and Group-D was treated with Lopinavir. Diagnostic tests include rRT-PCR, blood parameters such as creatinine,random blood sugar, alanine aminotransferase, complete blood count, ECG, chest x-ray and blood biomarkers including procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin were performed at Day 1, 5, 7, 14 and 30.
Results: Patients treated with Azithromycin revealed the highest recovery of about (77.80%) among COVID-19 patients,followed by the combination of Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine which was (65.56%), the combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline was (19.63%), and Lopinavir was (9.06%) displayed minimum potency in recovering the COVID-19 positive patients (p-value <0.001).
Conclusions: Azithromycin was most effective in helping patients recover from COVID-19, followed by a combination of azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine. Patients who recovered after treatment with Ivermectin Doxycycline were lower,followed by those who recovered with Lopinavir only.
Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Disease in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Babar Muhammad Waleed , Malik Qudrat Ullah , Ikram Farooq , Nadeem Muhammad Tariq , Bashir Junaid , Ghaffor Muzzammil 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To assess the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Virus disease in the pediatric population in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: All children presenting to the department with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 disease were tested for the virus. Patients who tested positive on the PCR were included in the study. Patients with non-consistent symptoms of COVID-19 and those who tested negative on the PCR were excluded from the study. All clinical data, including the age of the child, the onset of symptoms, the gap between the onset of symptoms and presentation as well as clinical symptoms, were documented on a predefined proforma.
Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled on the study. The mean age of patients was 5.6±2.5 years. The most frequent symptoms were fever (63, 59.6%) and cough (49, 46.2%). There were 3(2.9%) cases with severe or critical illness. The most frequent abnormal laboratory findings were leukopenia (29, 27.4%) and increased creatine kinase (38, 36.0%). Ground-glass opacities were observed in the HRCT chest of 17(65.3%) cases, out of 26 children diagnosed with pneumonia. The majority (70, 66%), had a positive exposure history. 88(83%) cases did not abide by the precautionary measures against the COVID-19 disease.
Conclusions: The current study indicates that children usually present with mild symptoms but can present as severe diseases, as observed in this study.
Erectile Dysfunction Among Patients with Hypertension and AssociatedSocio-Demographic Factors
Authors: Satti Raja Rizwan Ul Haq , Rasheed Syed Abdul , Gul Rubab , Athar Muhammad Hammad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of erectile dysfunction among the patients of hypertension and analyze the associated socio demographic factors.
Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medicine Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Aug to Oct 2018.
Methodology: Two hundred and five married male patients of hypertension diagnosed for more than one year by a consultant medical specialist were included in the study by non-probability consecutive sampling. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was assessed by using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Socio-demographic factors in the study included age, education, smoking, poly-pharmacy and duration of illness.
Results: Out of 205 patients of hypertension, 95 (46.3%) patients had no ED, 57 (27.8%) patients had mild, 17 (8.3%) patients had moderate and 12 (5.2%) patients had severe ED. Mean age of the study participants was 39.94 ± 4.14 years. Mean duration of hypertension among the patients in this study was 6.24 ± 2.78 years. Increasing age, tobacco smoking, poly-pharmacy and long duration of illness had statistically significant association with ED (p-value <0.05) while education was not found significantly associated in our study.
Conclusion: There was a high frequency of erectile dysfunction among the patients suffering from hypertension. Special attention should be paid on individuals with advancing age and long duration of illness. Tobacco smoking should be discouraged and poly-pharmacy if, possible should be avoided among the patients suffering from hypertension and ED.
Frequency of Cognitive Decline in Asthma Patients and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors
Authors: Satti Raja Rizwan Ul haq , Rasheed Syed Abdul , Gul Rubab , Athar Muhammad Hammad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To look for the relationship of various factors along with frequency of decline in cognition among the patients suffering from asthma.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medicine department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug to Oct 2018.
Methodology: One hundred and thirty-five asthma patients with duration of illness for more than a year evaluated by classified medical specialist or pulmonologist were recruited in this study. Decline in the cognition was recorded by the help of the British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI). Various socio-demographic factors were also correlated with the decline in cognition among these patients suffering from asthma.
Results: Out of 135 patients of asthma, 68 (50.4%) patients did not show any decline in cognition, 45 (33.3%) patients showed mild decline, 16 (11.8%) patients had moderate while 06 (4.4%) patients had severe cognitive decline on this screening instrument. Mean age of the patients participating in this study was 40.64 ± 3.12 years. Mean duration of illness among these patients of asthma was 5.29 ± 3.58 years. Use of more than one pharmacological agent for control of asthma and longer duration of asthma were significantly correlated with the presence of decline in cognition among the patients suffering from asthma (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: High risk patients for cognitive decline in our study were patients with long standing asthma or those using multiple medications for the control of asthma. Decline in cognitive ability emerged as a significant problem in the asthmatics who have .........
Serum Lipid Profile as an Indicator of Severity of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Mujahid Muhammad Mamoon , Fazal Imran , Siddiqi Umair Ahmad , Tahir Fraz , Haider Ehtisham , Asghar Asma 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To look for the relationship of deranged lipid profile with severity of liver cirrhosis along with other sociodemographic factors at Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Setting and Duration of Study: Gastroenterology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: Eighty patients suffering from cirrhosis admitted in the medical ward or reporting in outpatient department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital were included in this study. Diagnosis of cirrhotic liver was made based on clinical findings and relevant investigations and severity of cirrhosis was established by using the Model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were correlated with the severity of cirrhosis in the target population along with other factors.
Results: Out of 82 patients included in the final analysis 49 (59.7%) were male and 33 (40.3%) were female. Most of the patients presented with the chronic liver disease secondary to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). 45 (54.8%) had MELD score >10 while 37 (45.2%) had MELD score <10. Analysis showed total hypo2holesterolemia and hypotrigly ceridemia emerged as strong predictors of severe cirrhotic illness (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Low values of lipid parameters were strongly related to the presence of severe cirrhotic illness among the patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Lipid profile can be used as an indicator to predict the severity of illness among cirrhotic based on our results.
Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Females with Migraine
Authors: Rashid Samina , Haq Nawaz Khurram , Athar Muhammad Hammad , Fakhar Amar , Hakeem Farzana , Manzoor Namra 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia among young female migraine patients and look for the factors related to the presence of anaemia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: One hundred and thirty young female patients with migraine presenting at our hospital were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of Migraine was established by the consultant neuro physician based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria for migraine. Iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed based on haemoglobin and ferritin levels. Various social and demographic factors were studied in this study, along with iron deficiency anaemia among the young females suffering from migraine.
Results: Out of 130 young female patients with migraine, 69 (53.1%) showed the presence of iron deficiency anaemia, while 61 (46.9%) had no anaemia. Upon statistical analysis, it was revealed that menstrual abnormalities had a statistically significant association with the presence of iron deficiency anaemia among the young female patients with migraine.
Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia was the common finding among young female patients with migraine in Pakistan. Menstrual abnormalities among these young female migraine patients were related to the presence of iron deficiency anaemia. A detailed history of menstrual abnormalities and anaemia screening among migraine patients may be helpful for early diagnosis and intervention.
Efficacy of L-dopa in Treatment of Aggression, Frontal Lobe Cognitive Functioning and Task Switching Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Gul Amara , Yousaf Javed 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To assess efficacy of L-dopa treatment on aggression, frontal lobe and task switching deficits in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Bahawal Victoria Hospital and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from Apr 2016 to Oct 2017.
Methodology: Seventy-five healthy individuals and seventy-five PD patients participated in the study. This study was completed in two testing sessions. Healthy participants had single testing session whereas patients were tested twice (pre and post L-dopa treatment). Participants completed Frontal Assessment Battery, part B TMT, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire.
Results: PD patients (6.13 ± 0.81) showed deficient frontal lobe functioning F (1,48)=14489.66, p<0.001, ηp2=0.99 than healthy individuals (17.93 ± 0.25). Patients (283.05 ± 6.02) had inferior task switching abilities F (1, 48) = 65397.85, p<0.001, ηp2=0.99 than healthy individuals (78.37 ± 3.43). The level of aggression was higher F (1,48)=2369.24, p<0.001, ηp2=0.94 in patients (131.12 ± 12.57) compared with healthy individuals (43.33 ± 9.26). Post L-dopa treatment testing session showed significant improvement in frontal lobe functioning (6.13 ± 0.81 vs. 13.46 ± 1.45), task switching abilities (216.80 ± 13.74 vs. 283.05 ± 6.02) in patients. In addition, aggression was reduced in patients (106.06 ± 1.07 vs. 131.12 ± 12.57).
Conclusion: L-dopa was found beneficial to reduce aggression, frontal lobe cognitive and task switching deficits in patients with PD.
Combined Military Hospital Quetta/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Haider Ghulam , Ahmed Khalil , Shaikh Shiraz , Abbas Kiran , Ahmed Moiz , Sohail Hamza 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the tumor grades in different receptors (Estrogen, Progesterone and Her-2/neu) categories and age groups among women with Breast Cancer.
Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Oncology department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from Jul 2017 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: Total of 450 patients were enrolled in this study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The Receptors Status of Estrogen, Progesterone and Her2/neu was resolved into 4 different categories as i) Triple Positive (ER+PR+HER2+), ii) Triple Negative (ER-PR-HER2-), iii) ER+PR+Her2-, iv) ER–PR-Her2+. Age-wise, patients were divided into 3 groups.
Results: The mean age of patients was 46.57 years ± 10.82. No patient was observed with Grade I tumor while 240 with Grade II and 210 with Grade-III. 164/450 patients were observed in the ER+PR+Her2- category. Out of 164, 68.3% were Grade-II and 31.7% were Grade-III (p˂0.001). In Triple-Negative category, 94 patients were observed, 31.90% were Grade-II while 68.10% were Grade-III (p<0.001). The patients, age with tumor Grade also showed statistically significant correlation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the tumor characteristics of our local population. Majority of our patients had ER+PR+Her2– phenotype/category dominantly having Grade-II tumors followed by Triple Negative typically showing Grade-III. Many of our patients were young (aged less than 36 years) having largely Grade-III tumors while older patients of age above 51 years dominantly showed Grade-II.
The Post-Cementation Periodontal Response to Resin Retained Bridge
Authors: Mansoor Saad , Akhtar Qayyum , Asif Ali , Qureshi Maaz , Shamim Maleeha , Akhtar Aqsa 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the mean periodontal health of resin retained abutment tooth with its baseline score.Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2019 to Mar 2020.
Methodology: Before starting abutment preparation, the baseline scores for gingival index, plaque index and periodontal pocket depth of the abutment teeth were calculated. The gingival index was calculated using a blunt probe, whereas the periodontal pocket depth of the teeth in both groups was calculated using a calibrated periodontal probe.
Results: According to the results recorded there was a significant difference seen in the mean periodontal health of abutment teeth before and after the cementation of the resin-bonded bridge. Our calculated p-value (0.001) indicated definitive significance associated with both the groups i.e., before and after the score of gingival indices and before and after the score of periodontal pocket depth, after 30 days of provision of the resin-bonded bridge.
Conclusion: There was a significant association found in the mean periodontal health of abutment teeth before and after the cementation of the resin-bonded bridge.
Papanicolaou, resultados anormales en el Hospital General Isidro Ayora de Loja-Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez Cabrera Mónica Yajaira , Calva Jirón Karina Yesenia , Carrión Ruilova Ximena Patricia 
Published: December 2022

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la cuarta neoplasia más frecuente que afecta a mujeres alrededor del mundo, gracias a la implementación del tamizaje por medio de la prueba del Papanicolaou (PAP). El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la anomalía citológica cervical de mayor prevalencia en mujeres que se realizaron la prueba de Papanicolaou en el Hospital General “Isidro Ayora” de Loja durante el período enero-diciembre del 2019, así como indicar su edad y lugar de residencia, y los antecedentes gineco-obstétricos según el tipo de anomalía presentada. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, retrospectivo. El universo fue de 3774 PAP test, de los cuales 335 reportaron anomalías citológicas. Las células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado “ASC-US” fue la anomalía citológica que prevaleció (60%), la mayoría de mujeres residían en la zona urbana de la provincia de Loja (49.6%), su edad correspondía a 51 años o más (29%), cuyo inicio de vida sexual fue a los 19 años o previo (79.1%), con un número de gestas de 4 o más al igual que de partos con 53.1% y 44.2% respectivamente, presidían de métodos anticonceptivos (41.5%), y se había realizado un PAP previo el 77%. Las mujeres con edades superiores, que residían en zonas urbanas, cuyo inicio de vida sexual se presentó a una edad temprana, multigrávidas y multíparas, que no utilizaba ningún método anticonceptivo y afirmaron haberse realizado un PAP anteriormente, fueron en quienes prevalecieron las anomalías citológicas cervicales, predominando la lesión ASC-US, seguida por LIEBG en todas ellas.
Mini redes híbridas renovables descentralizadas para electrificación sostenible de las zonas costeras sin red
Authors: Ibarra Caicedo Marcos Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

Las comunidades rurales de los países en desarrollo carecen de acceso a formas de energía económicas, fiables y sostenibles, que constituyen factores esenciales para mejorar las condiciones de vida. Estas poblaciones dependen del combustible diésel, que es muy contaminante en comparación con las tecnologías de energías renovables, para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas. En este estudio se han analizado los sistemas híbridos de energía renovable (SHER), diseñados con el objetivo de salvar la naturaleza fluctuante de las energías renovables, para la electrificación fuera de la red. Los resultados de este estudio que abarca la región costera del cantón de San Lorenzo en la Provincia de Esmeraldas y muestra que es posible ofrecer un suministro eléctrico de mucha mejor calidad durante 12 h a 18 h al día. Además, en el éxito de la integración de los SHER influyen factores como el apoyo del Gobierno Municipal y la organización de la comunidad, que es esencial para mantener estos sistemas en funcionamiento a lo largo de la vida útil del sistema. Los modelos híbridos sugeridos en este estudio pueden reproducirse a lo largo de la franja costera para obtener la máxima difusión de esta tecnología y, por tanto, lograr la diversificación del suministro eléctrico. No obstante, la existencia de ciertos incentivos por parte del gobierno es fundamental para reducir los costes de capital. Estos resultados son especialmente importantes para los países en desarrollo, donde el suministro de electricidad a través de la energía solar fotovoltaica suele ser más rápido y barato que la ampliación de la red. Las conclusiones de este documento son un buen punto de partida para investigar en profundidad los modelos óptimos de diseño y propiedad local, que pueden ayudar a acelerar la implantación y reducir los costes del suministro eléctrico sostenible en zonas alejadas.
Sistema de propulsión para un vehículo eléctrico hibrido con almacenamiento de energía mediante frenado regenerativo
Authors: Salazar Nájera Marco Julio , Sampietro Saquicela José Luis 
Published: December 2022

Los sistemas de control predictivos son ampliamente usados en la industria en la actualidad. El sistema de control predictivo económico permite incluir en la función de coste los datos de cada uno de los subsistemas de control. En el presente trabajo, usando la metodología del control predictivo económico EMPC, se toman dos fuentes de almacenamiento de energía como lo son los supercapacitores y las baterías, mismas que complementan el sistema de propulsión de hidrógeno mediante un motor eléctrico. Usando el frenado regenerativo se puede absorber la energía que se convertiría en calor, y mediante el cumplimiento de la ecuación de potencia y energía se cumplen los perfiles de conducción. Se toma en cuenta varios escenarios y el perfil escogido para el vehículo de masa ligera es el NEDC (nuevo ciclo de conducción europea). En los escenarios con distintos pesos de control, se cumplen los perfiles con cada una de las fuentes y los porcentajes de absorción de energía quedan representados mediante el balance de fuerzas.
Competence and attitude as predictors of teachers’ readiness for digitized instruction
Authors: Galaraga Regine L. , C. Alpuerto Reynato Jr. 
Published: December 2022

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of secondary school teachers’ digital competence and attitude towards the readiness for digitized instruction. This study was conducted in schools where digitized instruction is implemented in the Division of Digos City from January to March of 2022. This study utilized a quantitative-correlational design and was participated by 227 teachers. Data collection was done through adapted survey questionnaires and utilized descriptive, correlational, and multiple linear regression analysis for data interpretation. Results show a very high level of teachers’ digital competence and a generally positive attitude towards digitized instruction. Teachers’ readiness toward digitized instruction is also found to be very high. Finally, teachers’ digital competence and attitude were found to be significant predictors of digitized instruction readiness among teachers. Thus it is necessary for teachers to improve their digitalization and technological competency as well as cultivate a favorable attitude toward information and communications technology to promote the enthusiasm for technology-led teaching.
Interpretación y formulación geométrica y covariante del electromagnetismo usando las teorías de Gauge y la noción de fibrados tangentes
Authors: Erazo-Velasco Ismael Elías , González-Quiñonez Luis Adrián , Rodríguez-Jijón Roberto Iván , Bautista-Sánchez José Vicencio 
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo reformular con nuevas ideas la teoría electromagnética usando conceptos geométricos, como variedad diferencial, fibrados tangentes, algebra de Lie todo dentro de una teoría Gauge con simetría U(1) (Transformación unitaria) desde una perspectiva más matemática y no experimental. Dentro de las conclusiones se tiene que: el tensor de curvatura de Faraday rμυ es igual a tensor de campo electromagnético Fμυ cuando existe una conexión afín con simetría local U (1). Así, se puede decir que los campos electromagnéticos son una consecuencia de que hay una curvatura en variedad diferencial interna al cuadrivector densidad carga, la carga vive en el espacio tiempo 4 dimensional de la teoría Minkowski, pero la carga tiene asociado un espacio interno con una conexión afín dado por Aμ, cuando en ese espacio interno hay curvatura entonces se reflejan una campo eléctrico y magnético en el espacio de tiempo de Minkowski o el espacio real donde viven todos los objetos físicos y por esa la razón que podemos medir el campo eléctrico y magnético. Solo cuando en ese espacio interno hay curvatura se manifiesta en nuestro mundo físico un campo eléctrico E ⃗ y magnético B ⃗.