bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Roughness and Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Design Artefact Investigation
Authors: Obilanade D. , Törlind P. , Dordlofva C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) brings the possibility to manufacture innovative near-net-shape part designs. But unfortunately, some designed surfaces suffer from rough surface finish due to characteristics of the LPBF process. This paper explores trends in managing surface roughness and through a space industry case study, a proposed process that uses Additive Manufacturing Design Artefacts (AMDAs) is used to investigate the relationship between design, surface roughness and fatigue. The process enables the identification of design uncertainties, however, iterations of AMDA's can be required.
Function Integration through Design for Hybrid Integrating Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Steffan K.-E. W. H. , Fett M. , Kirchner E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the design of new products due to their potentials. The potential of function integration can be extended through a combination of AM with a component integrating technology forming a hybrid integrating additive manufacturing technology (hiAM). With a created development method optimization areas within a product are identified on a functional level using characteristics, structural configurations and integrated functional areas. These are derived analysing examples in literature. The method is applied to a mechanical arm and hand prosthesis.
Impact of Autonomous Solutions on Electric Earthmoving Design Using Machine Learning: Case Study
Authors: Abdelmassih A. , Faddoul R. , Geara F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increased development in automated driving systems (ADS) has opened up significant opportunities to revolutionize mobility and to set the path for technologies, such as electrification. The proposed methodology is a simulation model backed by a multi-objective optimization algorithm. This research investigates the adoption of future technologies in earthmoving application and explores its implications on the design of future machine concepts in terms of equipment size. The shift from “elephant to ants” in the machine selection, resulted in improved feasibility.
Using Machine Learning for Product Portfolio Management: A Methodical Approach to Predict Values of Product Attributes for Multi-Variant Product Portfolios
Authors: Mehlstäubl J. , Braun F. , Denk M. , Kraul R. , Paetzold K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo satisfy customer needs in the best way, companies offer them an almost infinite number of product variants. Although, an identical product was not built before, the values of its attributes must be determined during the product configuration process. This paper introduces a methodical approach to predict the values of product attributes based on customer feature configurations using machine learning. Machine learning reduces the effort compared to rule-based expert systems and is both, more accurate and faster. The approach was validated by predicting vehicle weights using industrial data.
Robust Design Optimization of Mechatronics Systems: Parallel Electric Drivetrain Application
Authors: Rosich A. , López C. , Dewangan P. , Abedrabbo G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of finding a robust optimal design when uncertain parameters in the form of crisp or interval sets are present in the optimization. Furthermore, in order to make the approach as general as possible, direct search methods with the help of sensitivity analysis techniques are employed to optimize the design. Consequently, the presented approach is suitable for black box models for which no, or very little, information of the equations governing the model is available. The design of an electric drivetrain is used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method.
Generative Pre-Trained Transformer for Design Concept Generation: An Exploration
Authors: Zhu Q. , Luo J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel concepts are essential for design innovation and can be generated with the aid of data stimuli and computers. However, current generative design algorithms focus on diagrammatic or spatial concepts that are either too abstract to understand or too detailed for early phase design exploration. This paper explores the uses of generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) for natural language design concept generation. Our experiments involve the use of GPT-2 and GPT-3 for different creative reasonings in design tasks. Both show reasonably good performance for verbal design concept generation.
Automated Requirement Dependency Analysis for Complex Technical Systems
Authors: Gräßler I. , Oleff C. , Hieb M. , Preuß D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRequirements changes are a leading cause for project failures. Due to propagation effects, change management requires dependency analysis. Existing approaches have shortcomings regarding ability to process large requirement sets, availability of required data, differentiation of propagation behavior and consideration of higher order dependencies. This paper introduces a new method for advanced requirement dependency analysis based on machine learning. Evaluation proves applicability and high performance by means of a case example, 4 development projects and 3 workshops with industry experts.
Responsibility Assignment in Systems Engineering
Authors: Gräßler I. , Thiele H. , Grewe B. , Hieb M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing system complexity can be controlled by using systems engineering processes. INCOSE defines processes with inputs and outputs (artifacts) for this purpose. Specific SE roles are used to organize the tasks of the processes within the company. In this work, the responsibilities for artifacts are evaluated by means of the RACI scheme and examined by a cluster analysis and discussed for a SE transformation project with a German automotive OEM. As a result of the study, the optimal composition for systems engineering teams is identified and the systems engineering roles are prioritized.
Model-Based Effect-Chain Analysis for Complex Systems
Authors: Gräßler I. , Wiechel D. , Koch A.-S. , Preuß D. , Oleff C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEffect chain modeling approaches are applied to model cause-effect relations and analyze affected elements and dependencies. In this paper a systematic literature research is conducted to derive main characteristics and limitations of existing approaches. Then, the Model-based Effect Chain Analysis (MECA) method is introduced. Evaluation proves applicability of the method by means of a case example. This is done in the context of a project with a German automotive company. In the project 66 workshops were conducted to model certification-compliant effect chains in accordance to the UN ECE 156.
Inquiry and Analysis of Challenges in the Development of Smart Product-Service Systems
Authors: Paliyenko Y. , Tüzün G.-J. , Roth D. , Kreimeyer M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a smart product-service system (smart PSS), non-tangible services are bundled with tangible products as well as options for information and communication technologies. Enterprises offer smart PSS in order to provide added value for customers and deal with increasing competitive pressure. However, the development of these complex systems also presents enterprises, especially SMEs, with challenges. In order to identify the challenges in the development of smart PSS and requests for corresponding support, a multi-method study was conducted with eighteen participants from German SMEs.
Survey of Model-Based Design Reviews: Practices & Challenges?
Authors: Pinquié R. , Romero V. , Noel F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe design of large-scale engineered systems relies on the extensive use of models. Although there are few papers that study design review practices, we did not find any on model-based design reviews. Thus, we undertook a survey to collect current practices and challenges. We found that reviews are mainly synchronous co-located or remote meetings that involve various profiles who need to access and share models, but that they pragmatically give them up and prefer to comment on PowerPoint-like slides containing screenshots of models except when the meeting gathers only experts in model-based design.
Avoid Service Design Trap by Guiding Product/Service System Design with Product-Service Dependency Knowledge Base
Authors: Sakao T. , Neramballi A. , Matschewsky J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to the knowledge on product/service system (PSS) design practice as follows. First, a new rationale for why PSS design in practice often does not exploit its full potential is given based on a theory on inseparability of services. Second, a representation of the dependencies between product design parameters (DPs) and service DPs in a form of potential-dependency knowledge base is proposed as a remedy. Third, reusability of the knowledge captured from product-service integration across sectorial borders is shown with PSS design at a complex product manufacturer.
Design and Evaluation of an Inclusive Autonomous Vehicle User Interface Developed for Persons with Visual Acuity Loss
Authors: Angeleska E. , Aleksovska A. , Avramov N. , Sidorenko S. , Rizov T. , Jankovic A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on evaluating a user interface (UI) for an autonomous vehicle (AV) with the goal to determine the most suitable layout for persons with visual acuity loss. The testing procedure includes a Wizard of Oz AV for simulating an automated ride. Several participants are included in the study and the visual impairments are simulated by specially designed glasses. The conclusions help to determine the optimal graphic design of the UI that can be independently used by persons with blurred vision. The results can be applied to improve the inclusiveness and ergonomics of vehicle UIs.
Human Geometries as Key Starting Point in Sports Performance - Designing Equipment for Individual Performance in Paralympic Sit-Ski
Authors: Nesheim O. S. , Bentengen D. H. , Eikevåg S. W. , Steinert M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates human geometry in design, allowing exploration of unknown geometries in Paralympic sports equipment. By creating a configuration map exploring the solution-space, optimal sit-ski seating positions–in the sense of performance and ergonomics–can efficiently be found for individual athletes. A physical prototype was developed, and an experiment was designed to identify changes in performance due to different geometries. The design method and application make it possible to translate critical angles onto geometries, and test individuals for optimal work ergonomics.
An Exploration of Some Aspects to Consider When Opening Futures
Authors: Ortega Alvarado I. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper follows the form of an essay, it offers a narrative review inquiring conceptually about opening futures. The main research question is: What concepts could help elucidate the new position of designers when futures are open? Four branches of literature from design are addressed, considering their core approaches: participation, infrastructures, systems thinking, and narratives. Focus on these four approaches could lead to profound discussions about what it means to open futures and the current relevance of expert design.
Design Reviews in Immersive and Non-Immersive Collaborative Virtual Environments: Comparing Verbal Communication Structures
Authors: Horvat N. , Brnčić M. , Perišić M. M. , Martinec T. , Bojčetić N. , Škec S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper explores the differences between immersive and non-immersive collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) during design reviews. Based on ten reviews with one designer and two reviewers, the study shows that CVEs affect verbal communication structure. More specifically, teams usually talked less, and reviewers exchanged significantly more turn sequences in immersive than in non-immersive CVEs. Regardless of the environment, most turn sequences were related to the designer, who usually talked the most. These findings contribute to the understanding of CVEs in virtual teams.
A Case Study Exploring the Role of Design in Maturing University-Developed Technology
Authors: Mesa D. , Tan L. , Ranscombe C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUniversities struggle to commercialise scientific research. However, designers can help scientists bridge the research-market gap in different ways. Although the value design can bring to science is understood, how design outputs deliver value to scientific research remains unexplored. Our paper reports findings from a designer-scientist collaboration developing a graphene-based water desalination technology. By reflecting on this case study, we found that design outputs serve different purposes in developing technology and assist in progressing technology maturation efficiently.
Framework for FAMD-Based Identification of RCPSP-Constraints for Improved Project Scheduling
Authors: Riesener M. , Kuhn M. , Keuper A. , Lender B. , Schuh G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduct development in today's manufacturing companies is characterized by multiple development projects under intense time constraints. This means that the success of projects impacts the company's success significantly. However, industrial practices show that many projects fail to meet their time targets. This paper presents a methodology to systematically improve project schedule adherence of development projects by combining exploratory data analysis of historic project data with project scheduling optimizations to enhance the project schedules and enable more successful projects.
Virtually Hosted Hackathons for Design Research: Lessons Learned from the International Design Engineering Annual (IDEA) Challenge 2021
Authors: Goudswaard M. , Kent L. , Giunta L. , Gopsill J. , Snider C. , Valjak F. , Christensen K. A. , Felton H. , Ege D. N. , Real R. M. , Cox C. , Horvat N. , Kohtala S. , Eikevåg S. W. , Martinec T. , Perišić M. M. , Steinert M. , Hicks B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper provides an overview and appraisal of the International Design Engineering Annual (IDEA) challenge - a virtually hosted design hackathon run with the aim of generating a design research dataset that can provide insights into design activities at virtually hosted hackathons. The resulting dataset consists of 200+ prototypes with over 1300 connections providing insights into the products, processes and people involved in the design process. The paper also provides recommendations for future deployments of virtual hackathons for design research.
Enabling Initial Design-Checks of Parametric Designs Using Digital Engineering Methods
Authors: Gerschütz B. , Bickel S. , Schleich B. , Wartzack S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe world consequently gets faster, so does product development. Therefore, the stock of development and simulation data increases continuously. Unfortunately, inexperienced users cannot cope with the rising number of simulation requests in the time needed. Digital Engineering opens potentials to support the users with newly developed methods and tools. In this contribution, we present a method to assist designers, inexperienced in finite-element simulations to perform an initial check of changed parametric designs independently, quickly and with support in interpreting the results.
Investigating Triple Process Theory in Design Protocols
Authors: Vieira Sonia , Kannengiesser U. , Benedek M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study presents a coding scheme for design protocols that is derived from Triple Process Theory postulating the existence of three categories of cognitive processes: spontaneous, deliberate, and metacognitive. We applied the coding scheme to think-aloud protocols of designers engaged in an open design task. Results show that all three types occur during designing. The scheme we propose has the potential to ground accounts of Triple Process Theory for design in empirical studies. We explore the relation between design sessions outcomes and shifts between cognitive processes.
An Approach to Transfer Biological Solutions Based on the Interaction of Mechanisms to Technical Products
Authors: Bartz M. , Uttich E. , Wanieck K. , Bender B. , Wartzack S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiological solutions are often used for developing technically innovative products in a biomimetic process. However, biological solutions do not always make it into a successful technical product, e.g. due to a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of action. A new approach is presented for transferring biological solutions based on complex mechanisms of action. It is based on mathematical optimization methods and applied to the lightweight design of the musculoskeletal system. Finally, first technical implementations in the field of robotics, among others, will be presented.
An Eye-Tracking Study to Identify the Most Observed Features in a Physical Prototype of a Tiny House
Authors: Berni A. , Altavilla S. , Ruiz-Pastor L. , Nezzi C. , Borgianni Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis exploratory work aims to understand which elements of a building mostly attract visitors’ attention. An experiment was conducted to allow participants to visit a prototype tiny house while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Identified gazed elements of the prototype were selected and the corresponding dwell times used as variables. The limited dwell times on structural elements show that they can be easily overshadowed by other features present in the building. This leads to a design problem when the novelty and the quality of a new product, markedly a building, reside in the materials used.
Do You See What I See? Exploring Vividness of Visual Mental Imagery in Product Design Ideation
Authors: Hart E. , Hay L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a preliminary study (N=16) exploring vividness of visual mental imagery in product design ideation. Vividness was observed to vary across designers in the study, from high (68.8% of participants) to moderate (18.8%) to low (12.5%). A significant, strong positive relationship was found between vividness and creativity. Most participants reported using imagery always or sometimes, except one who has difficulties forming mental images. The results have several implications, including the possibility of other ‘ways of imagining’ not captured by visual reasoning models of design.
The Relation between the Characteristics of Individual and Collaborative Concept Generation
Authors: Matsumae A. , Hirasawa H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the concept generation process on metacognition, and the relation between individual concept generation characteristics and the nature of collaboration. The results of the experiment revealed that the attitude affects individual concept generation characteristics, the meta-cognition developed and the quality of the concepts generated. In paired concept generation, the awareness and the attitude toward the partner and individual concept generation characteristics affect the nature of both the collaborative process and generated concepts.
Climatic controls on phosphorus concentrations in The Loch, Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA since the last glacial maximum
Authors: Price Jason R. , Szymanski David W. , Slemmons Krista E.H. , Eskey Mackenzie , Johnson Edward , Bricker Suzanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe alpine–subalpine Loch Vale watershed (LVW) of Colorado, USA, has relatively high natural lithogenic P5+ fluxes to surface waters. For 1992–2018, the largest number of stream samples with P5+ concentrations ([P5+]) above detection limits occurred in 2008, corresponding with the highest frost-cracking intensity (FCI). Therefore, relatively cold winters and warm summers with a comparatively low mean annual temperature partly influence stream [P5+]. Sediment cores were collected from The Loch, an outlet lake of the LVW. Iron-, Al-, and Mn-oxide-bound phosphorus (adsorbed and authigenic phosphates; NP) serves as a proxy measurement for paleolake [P5+]. The highest NP in the core occurred during the cold and dry Allerød interstade. The lowest NP concentrations in the core occurred during climatically very wet periods in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Therefore, [P5+] are highest with relatively cold winters followed by relatively warm summers, relatively low mean annual temperatures, and relatively little rainfall and/or cryospheric melting. Currently the LVW is experiencing warming and melting of the permanent cryosphere with a rapidly declining FCI since 2008. This has the potential to dramatically decrease [P5+] in surface water ecosystems of the LVW, reducing biological productivity, enhancing P-limitation, and increasing ecosystem reliance on aeolian P5+.
The social cost of high sodium diet in Singapore
Authors: Koh Jemima , Ang Gregory , Tan Kelvin-Bryan , Chen Cynthia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh sodium (Na) diet is one of the leading behavioural risks of disease identified in the Singapore Burden of Disease Study. We aim to estimate the cost attributable to a high Na diet in Singapore in 2019 from a societal perspective by employing a prevalence-based approach in cost-of-illness studies. We extracted national-level healthcare data and population attributable fractions by sex and age. Costs included direct and indirect costs from inpatient treatment and productivity losses. In 2019, the annual societal cost attributable to a high Na diet was conservatively estimated to be USA$262 million (95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 218, 359 million). At least USA$67·8 million (95 % UI 48·4, 120 million) and USA$194 million (95 % UI 153, 274 million) could be saved on healthcare and indirect costs, respectively, if the daily Na intake of Singaporeans was reduced to an average of 3 g. Overall, males had higher costs compared with females at USA$221 million (95 % UI 174, 312 million) and USA$41·1 million (95 % UI 33·5, 61·7 million), respectively. Productivity loss from foregone wages due to premature mortality had the largest cost at USA$191 million (95 % UI 150, 271 million). CVD had the largest healthcare expenditure at USA$61·4 million (95 % UI 41·6, 113 million), driven by ischaemic heart disease at USA$41·0 million (95 % UI 21·4, 88·9 million). Our study found that reducing Na intake could reduce future healthcare expenditures and productivity losses. This result is vital for policy evaluation in a rapidly ageing society like Singapore, where the burden of diseases associated with high Na diet is expected to increase.