bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structural equation model of land capability and related drivers: Implications for land degradation forecasting in a tropical river basin
Authors: de Morais Fernandes Gabriel Henrique , do Valle Junior Renato Farias , de Melo Silva Maytê Maria Abreu Pires , Mendes Rafaella Gouveia , Fernandes Luís Filipe Sanches , Fernandes António Carlos Pinheiro , Pacheco Fernando António Leal , Pissarra Teresa Cristina Tarlé , de Melo Marília Carvalho , Valera Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand degradation is a worldwide problem with natural and anthropogenic causes. An important anthropogenic cause of land degradation is land uses that deviate from land capability, which is the “natural” use. Despite the conscience of scientists about this issue, studies are lacking that set up a quantitative nexus between land capability and related drivers. This nexus is essential because it allows anticipating changes in the drivers that promote or recede degradation. In this study, a partial least squares–path model (PLS–PM) was used to help closing this gap. The pilot study occurred in seven Paraopeba River sub‐basins located in the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where capability is dominated by mosaics of forests and pastures. Land capability was assessed by the ruggedness number, being inversely proportional to it. Among multiple potential drivers of land capability initially included in the model, collinearity and other consistency and performance analyses indicated the percentage of latosols and (re)forested areas, annual rainfall, and water‐related processes (e.g., weathering, nutrient leaching) as prominent in the studied region. The results linked increases of latosol and forest occupation to runoff reduction [runoff = latosol × (−0.640) + forest × (−0.156) + reforestation × (−0.379)], suggesting an attenuation of erosion by these parameters, namely gully erosion that impacts on the ruggedness number and land capability in the sequel. The weathering of carbonate rocks was also related to land capability changes because the PLS–PM model exposed a relationship between the ruggedness number and products of carbonate rock dissolution: ruggedness number = alkalinity × (−0.578) + total magnesium × (0.462) + dissolved oxygen × (−0.418). In addition to highlighting processes capable of changing land capability overtime, the model equations brought attention to measures that could improve it in the region thus preventing degradation. The measures included management practices capable to raise the soil's dissolved oxygen (e.g., through aeration) or preventing soil's magnesium deficiency (e.g., through foliar sprays). The network of cause‐and‐effect relationships set up by the PLS–PM model was finally used to elucidate about potential land use changes that would bring capability in the Paraopeba River basin towards a better status, such as conversions to pasture land. Future work is expected to further elucidate about the benefits for land capability of specific land use changes, through the testing of expected socioeconomic development scenarios.
A universal stress protein upregulated by hypoxia has a role in Burkholderia cenocepacia intramacrophage survival: Implications for chronic infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: O'Connor Andrew , Jurado‐Martín Irene , Mysior Margaritha M. , Manzira Anotidaishe L. , Drabinska Joanna , Simpson Jeremy C. , Lucey Mary , Schaffer Kirsten , Berisio Rita , McClean Siobhán 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUniversal stress proteins (USPs) are ubiquitously expressed in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes and play a lead role in adaptation to environmental conditions. They enable adaptation of bacterial pathogens to the conditions encountered in the human niche, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, osmotic stress, nutrient deficiency, or acid stress, thereby facilitating colonization. We previously reported that all six USP proteins encoded within a low‐oxygen activated (lxa) locus in Burkholderia cenocepacia showed increased abundance during chronic colonization of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. However, the role of USPs in chronic cystic fibrosis infection is not well understood. Structural modeling identified surface arginines on one lxa‐encoded USP, USP76, which suggested it mediated interactions with heparan sulfate. Using mutants derived from the B. cenocepacia strain, K56‐2, we show that USP76 is involved in host cell attachment. Pretreatment of lung epithelial cells with heparanase reduced the binding of the wild‐type and complement strains but not the Δusp76 mutant strain, indicating that USP76 is directly or indirectly involved in receptor recognition on the surface of epithelial cells. We also show that USP76 is required for growth and survival in many conditions associated with the CF lung, including acidic conditions and oxidative stress. Moreover, USP76 also has a role in survival in macrophages isolated from people with CF. Overall, while further elucidation of the exact mechanism(s) is required, we can conclude that USP76, which is upregulated during chronic infection, is involved in bacterial survival within CF macrophages, a hallmark of Burkholderia infection.
The cell cycle of Staphylococcus aureus: An updated review
Authors: Barbuti Maria D. , Myrbråten Ine S. , Morales Angeles Danae , Kjos Morten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs bacteria proliferate, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, cell wall synthesis, and cytokinesis occur concomitantly and need to be tightly regulated and coordinated. Although these cell cycle processes have been studied for decades, several mechanisms remain elusive, specifically in coccus‐shaped cells such as Staphylococcus aureus. In recent years, major progress has been made in our understanding of how staphylococci divide, including new, fundamental insights into the mechanisms of cell wall synthesis and division site selection. Furthermore, several novel proteins and mechanisms involved in the regulation of replication initiation or progression of the cell cycle have been identified and partially characterized. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the cell cycle processes in the spheroid model bacterium S. aureus, with a focus on recent advances in the understanding of how these processes are regulated.
Inspection of two sophisticated models for sand based on generalized plasticity: Monotonic loading and Monte Carlo analysis
Authors: Yeh Fu‐Hsuan , Tafili Merita , Prada‐Sarmiento Luis Felipe , Ge Louis , Wichtmann Torsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe generalized plasticity theory has evolved in the last decades and attracts the attention of different research groups, because of characteristics like the absence of an explicit flow surface formulation. This paper presents a detailed inspection of two sophisticated constitutive models for granular soils under monotonic loading: the Pastor‐Zienkiewicz‐Chan (P‐Z‐C) model[1] and the Manzanal‐Merodo‐Pastor (M‐M‐P) model.[2] Even though they are similar in mathematical framework, the P‐Z‐C model requires only eight parameters compared to the M‐M‐P model which requires 18 parameters to describe the material behavior under monotonic loading. Parameters of both models were calibrated based on the extensive experimental database available for monotonic triaxial tests performed on Karlsruhe fine sand by Wichtmann et al.[3] An objective discussion addressing the strengths and weaknesses of each model is presented. Finally, a procedure to identify the most relevant parameters that control different elements in the model like the stiffness, the evolution of dilatancy or the hardening variables is introduced, using the Monte Carlo Toolbox (MCAT) for simulations. Some interesting inferences could be obtained, like the conclusion that the MCAT is a helpful tool for identifying material parameters and their interaction, but it cannot replace the human factor, the experience and objective judgement of the modeller for the calibration of constitutive models.
The effects of an 8‐week hypopressive exercise training program on urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle activation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Molina‐Torres Guadalupe , Moreno‐Muñoz Mar , Rebullido Tamara R. , Castellote‐Caballero Yolanda , Bergamin Marco , Gobbo Stefano , Hita‐Contreras Fidel , Cruz‐Diaz David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPelvic floor dysfunction and urinary incontinence are two of the most frequent gynecological problems, and pelvic floor muscle training is recommended as a first‐line treatment, with new approaches such as hypopressive exercises. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of an 8‐week supervised training program of hypopressive exercises on pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary incontinence symptomatology.DesignBlinded randomized controlled trial.SettingsWomen with pelvic floor dysfunction and urinary incontinence symptoms, aged 18–60 years.ParticipantsA total of 117 participants were randomly allocated to the hypopressive exercises group (n = 62) or a control group that received no intervention (n = 55) and completed the study.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical and sociodemographic data were collected, as well as pelvic floor muscle strength (using the Modified Oxford Scale); the genital prolapse symptoms, colorectal symptoms, and urinary symptoms (with the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory [PFDI‐20]); the impact of pelvic floor disorders (PFD) on women's lives (with the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire [PFIQ‐7]); and the severity of urinary incontinence symptoms (using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire [ICIQ]).ResultsThe results showed an improvement in the hypopressive group in the pelvic floor muscle strength F (1117) = 89.514, p < 0.001, a significantly lower score for the PFIQ7 total score, t (112) = 28.895, p < 0.001 and FPDI20 t (112) = 7.037, p < 0.001 as well as an improvement in ICIQ‐SF values after 8 weeks of intervention in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsAfter performing an 8‐week of hipopressive exercises intervention, a decrease in pelvic floor disorders associated symptoms can be observed. In addition, pelvic floor muscle contractility is improved and a decrease in severity and symptoms associated with urinary incontinence has been reported.
What can osteometric analyses tell us about domestic dogs recovered from a multicomponent indigenous site in Vermont?
Authors: Carder Nanny , Crock John G. , Pinto Audra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteometric data from archaeological remains are fundamental in zooarchaeological analyses of domestic dogs. We apply recently developed methods to a small sample of dog remains recovered from the Ewing site, a multicomponent precontact Native American site in Vermont, northeastern North America. We measure dimensions of limb bone ends and pulp‐width ratios from dental radiographs to estimate dog body mass and age at death based on published regression equations. Our analysis estimates the body mass of the Ewing dogs and demonstrates adult size differences characterized dogs in the precontact Northeast. Their range in size is consistent with supporting hunting activities rather than regular load transport. The range of ages of dogs in the sample suggests that dogs did not die only of old age. All of the Ewing dogs were butchered for food and/or skins. The osteometric analysis of the Ewing dogs contributes much needed osteometric data on dogs in northeastern America. Our results highlight the potential of small samples, legacy collections, and the importance of building a quantitative, comparative, osteometric dataset for the region.
Chaos arising from the hydrological behaviour of a floodplain river during the last century
Authors: Giri Federico , Devercelli Melina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hydrological regime is the main factor governing the functioning of floodplain rivers. A full comprehension of its dynamic leads to a better understanding of the system's behaviour. We analysed the daily water level of the Paraná River during the last century at three gauge stations using linear and non‐linear tools to characterise the hydrological dynamic and to analyse to what extent chaotic behaviour prevails. The three water level time series were characterised as non‐linear and non‐stationary by power spectrum, autocorrelation function, and surrogate test analyses. A strange attractor was developed when the phase space was reconstructed, having a low dimensional chaos supported by correlation dimension, positive maximum Lyapunov exponents, and recurrence quantification analysis. The sample entropy analysis shows that the system resulted unpredictable beyond a temporal threshold, and with an intermediate hydrological complexity, while Hurst exponent characterised it as persistent and with sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In a general overview, all the evidence obtained indicates that the Paraná River's behaviour is at the edge of chaos. A latitudinal gradient of decreasing chaoticity was observed as the floodplain extent increased, whereas complexity was highest at the intermediate river station due to the inflow of tributaries with different hydrology. This paper attempts to offer some additional insights for understanding the hydrological behaviour of floodplain rivers and the most appropriate methods to understand their complexity.
A second‐generation capture panel for cost‐effective sequencing of genome regulatory regions in wheat and relatives
Authors: Zhang Junli , Debernardi Juan M. , Burguener Germán F. , Choulet Frédéric , Paux Etienne , O'Connor Lauren , Enk Jacob , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs genome resources for wheat (Triticum L.) expand at a rapid pace, it is important to update targeted sequencing tools to incorporate improved sequence assemblies and regions of previously unknown significance. Here, we developed an updated regulatory region enrichment capture for wheat and other Triticeae species. The core target space includes sequences from 2‐Kbp upstream of each gene predicted in the Chinese Spring wheat genome (IWGSC RefSeq Annotation v1.0) and regions of open chromatin identified with an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin using sequencing from wheat leaf and root samples. To improve specificity, we aggressively filtered candidate repetitive sequences using a combination of nucleotide basic local alignment search tool (BLASTN) searches to the Triticeae Repetitive Sequence Database (TREP), identification of regions with read over‐coverage from previous target enrichment experiments, and k‐mer frequency analyses. The final design comprises 216.5 Mbp of predicted hybridization space in hexaploid wheat and showed increased specificity and coverage of targeted sequences relative to previous protocols. Test captures on hexaploid and tetraploid wheat and other diploid cereals show that the assay has broad potential utility for cost‐effective promoter and open chromatin resequencing and general‐purpose genotyping of various Triticeae species.
Incorporating Trimethylaluminium into the Structures of Alkali Metal (Li, Na, K, Cs) dihydropyridines
Authors: Docherty Shay P. , Banerjee Sumanta , Clegg William , Palin Fiona J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Robertson Stuart D. , Mulvey Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCo‐complexation of equimolar amounts of 1‐alkali‐metal‐2‐tertbutyldihydropyridines with AlMe3 in the presence of a polydentate N‐donor ligand has delivered four crystallographically verified alkali‐metal aluminates [donor⋅AM(μ‐tBuDHP)AlMe3]n (1, AM=Li, donor=TMEDA, n=1; 2, AM=Na, donor=PMDETA, n=1; 3, AM=K, donor=PMDETA, n=2; 4, AM=Cs, donor=PMDETA, n=∞; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine; PMDETA=N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). While the monomeric complexes (1, 2) and the polymeric complex (4) are thermally stable, the dimeric complex (3) undergoes a disproportionation process yielding the known ion‐separated homoanionic complex [K ⋅ (PMDETA)2]+ [AlMe4]− (3 a). Utilizing TMEDA as the N‐donor resulted in the same disproportionation, but gave rise to two distinct solid‐state aggregated forms of aluminate [K ⋅ (TMEDA)2]+ [AlMe4]−, namely monomeric (3 b) and polymeric (3 b′) polymorphs, in which the anionic moiety acts as a bidentate chelator or monodentate bridge respectively to the potassium cationic moieties.
A 5d perspective on the compactifications of 6d SCFTs to 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFTs
Authors: Sabag Evyatar , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Compactifying 6d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) to 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories on two-punctured spheres (tubes) and tori with flux is realized using duality domain walls in 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories, which are usually denoted by flux domain walls. We revisit this construction and study it in detail from the 5d perspective, specifically rephrasing it using the box graph description of the extended Coulomb branch phases of 5d theories. This perspective could be helpful in understanding how to equivalently realize the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 models from geometric engineering in M-theory. Along the way, we show how to recover various properties of the 4d theories from the 5d perspective, such as the flux associated to the domain wall configurations and the presence of a $$ \mathfrak{u} $$
u
(1) global symmetry in the 4d theory descending from the KK symmetry on the tube, which is broken to a discrete subgroup on a flux torus. We demonstrate all of these ideas using the rank 1 E-string theory.
Nanoscopy and an extended lateral approach can improve the management of latero-central segments in tibial plateau fractures: a cadaveric study
Authors: Behrendt Peter , Berninger M. T. , Thürig G. , Dehoust J. , Christensen J. , Frosch K.-H. , Krause M. , Hartel M. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this investigation was to compare different techniques to improve visualization and reduction in tibial plateau fractures involving the central lateral segments.

Methods
Matched pairs of pre-fractured cadaveric tibial plateau fractures that include the central lateral segments were treated by either an anterolateral approach (supine) or PL approach (prone). Reduction was stepwise extended by additional fracturoscopy (FS), nanoscopy (NS) and lastly by epicondyle osteotomy (ECO). Reduction was analyzed by 3D scan and visualization of the lateral plateau was quantified.

Results
Ten specimens (3 pairs 41B3.1, 2 pairs 41C3.3) were analyzed. Fracture steps involving the antero-latero-central (ALC) segment were insufficiently reduced after fluoroscopy using both approaches (AL 2.2 ± 1.2 mm vs PL 2.2 ± 1.0 mm, p 0.95). Additional NS and ECO achieved optimized fracture reduction in the ALC segment (NS AL 1.6 ± 1.3 mm vs PL 0.8 ± 0.9 mm, p 0.32). NS provided visualization of the entire lateral plateau (PL 102.9% ± 7.4, AL 108.8 ± 19.2%), while fracturoscopy only allowed visualization of the ALL segment and partially of PLL and ALC segments (PL 22.0 ± 23.4%, AL 29.7 ± 18.3%).

Conclusion
Optimized reduction of tibial head fractures with involvement of latero-central segments requires additional video-assisted reduction or extended approaches. Nanoscopy helps visualizing of the entire lateral plateau, when compared to fracturoscopy and may become a valuable reduction aid.
A Clifford inequality for semistable curves
Authors: Christ Karl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet X be a semistable curve and L a line bundle whose multidegree is uniform, i.e., in the range between those of the structure sheaf and the dualizing sheaf of X. We establish an upper bound for $$h^0(X,L)$$

h
0

(
X
,
L
)

, which generalizes the classic Clifford inequality for smooth curves. The bound depends on the total degree of L and connectivity properties of the dual graph of X. It is sharp, in the sense that on any semistable curve there exist line bundles with uniform multidegree that achieve the bound.
Only gold can pull this off: mechanical exfoliations of transition metal dichalcogenides beyond scotch tape
Authors: Heyl Max , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing in graphene’s wake, the scotch tape method became the key enabler for the preparation of 2D materials, providing easy access to high-quality materials mainly limited by low yield. At this time, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) received tremendous attention as a promising class of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. The motivation to reach the 2D limit of TMDCs and many other layered materials has long been set, and with the rise of gold-mediated exfoliations towards the millimeter scale, the stacking of these 2D single-layer building blocks into artificial 3D lattices is more relevant than ever. On this note, this review presents the recent developments in gold-mediated exfoliations beyond scotch tape, accompanied by a methods walkthrough for such a process. These matured gold exfoliations unlock a whole palette of 2D building blocks, ready for the assembly of macroscopic van der Waals heterostructures, or twistronics. Ultimately, mechanical exfoliation as a key enabler for high-quality single layers, evolved from scotch tape to gold, and became an even more potent tool in the process.
Positive Erfahrungen von Fachassistent:innen und Ärzt:innen hinsichtlich des Delegations-Forschungsprojekts StärkeR
Authors: Mai Anna , Abrantes Diaz Sandra , Stein Michelle , Denz Robin , Klaaßen-Mielke Renate , Timmesfeld Nina , Krause Dietmar , Braun Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Delegation ärztlicher Leistungen an rheumatologische Fachassistent:innen (RFA) hat sich in der Evaluation des Forschungsprojektes „StärkeR“ als sicher und effektiv erwiesen. Im Nachgang wurden die Erfahrungen der beteiligten RFA und der Rheumatolog:innen mit der Delegation im Rahmen eines Meinungsforschungsprojekts erfragt und diskutiert.

Methoden
Zum Ende des Projekts wurden die teilnehmenden RFA (mittleres Alter 45 Jahre, 100 % weiblich, durchschnittlich 11 Jahre Berufserfahrung) und Rheumatolog:innen (mittleres Alter 54 Jahre, 32 % weiblich, durchschnittlich 21 Jahre Berufserfahrung), über einen Online-Fragebogen (quantitative Analyse) befragt (21 Fragen an die Ärzt:innen und 44 Fragen an die RFA). Zusätzlich fanden für die RFA Fokusgruppensitzungen statt, die von einer Moderatorin und einer Protokollführerin geleitet wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Fokusgruppensitzungen (qualitative Analysen) wurden gemäß der strukturierten Methode nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
An den Online-Befragungen beteiligten sich alle im Projekt involvierten 31 RFA und 25 Rheumatolog:innen. An den beiden Fokusgruppen nahmen 9 RFA teil. In den Online-Befragungen der RFA und Ärzt:innen ergaben sich überwiegend gute bis sehr gute Bewertungen hinsichtlich RFA-Schulung, Durchführung der Delegation in den Praxen und Ambulanzen, in der Rolle der RFA und der Bewertung des Delegationskonzeptes insgesamt. In den Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden viele mögliche Einschränkungen hinsichtlich Akzeptanz und Umsetzung des Delegationskonzeptes genannt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Delegation ärztlicher Aufgaben an RFA ist ein mehrheitlich von beiden Seiten, der Rheumatolog:innen und der RFA, positiv eingeschätztes Konzept mit hoher Akzeptanz. Im Vergleich zwischen den einzelnen Praxen und Klinikambulanzen besteht hinsichtlich der Bereitschaft und der logistischen Möglichkeiten in der Umsetzung des Delegationskonzeptes noch eine deutliche Heterogenität.