bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemangiosarcoma cells induce M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression in macrophages
Authors: Gulay Kevin Christian M. , Aoshima Keisuke , Maekawa Naoya , Suzuki Tamami , Konnai Satoru , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kimura Takashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor derived from endothelial cells. Tumor-associated macrophages are one of the major components of tumor microenvironment and crucial for cancer development. The presence and function of macrophages in HSA have not been studied because there is no syngeneic model for HSA. In this study, we evaluated two mouse HSA cell lines and one immortalized mouse endothelial cell line for their usefulness as syngeneic models for canine HSA. Our results showed that the ISOS-1 cell line developed tumors with similar morphology to canine HSA. ISOS-1 cells highly expressed KDM2B and had similar KDM2B target expression patterns with canine HSA. Moreover, we determined that in both ISOS-1 and canine HSA tumors, macrophages were present as a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment. These macrophages were positive for CD204, an M2 macrophage marker, and express PD-L1, an immune checkpoint molecule. Canine HSA with macrophages expressing PD-L1 had a smaller number of T-cells in tumor tissues than tumors with PD-L1 negative macrophages. ISOS-1-conditioned medium could induce M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages. These results show that ISOS-1 can be used as a syngenic model for canine HSA and suggest that macrophages play an important role in immune evasion in HSA. Using the syngeneic mouse model for canine HSA, we can further study the role of immune cells in the pathology of HSA.
Impacts of short-term tillage and crop residue incorporation managements on soil microbial community in a double-cropping rice field
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Cheng Kaikai , Wen Li , Shi Lihong , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil microbial community were usually reconsidered as a sensitive indicator in soil quality and soil environment change of paddy field. However, the effects of different tillage and crop residue incorporation managements on soil bacterial community under the double-cropping rice cropping system were still need to further investigated. Therefore, the impacts of different tillage and crop residue incorporation managements on soil bacterial community under the double-cropping rice cropping system in southern of China were studied by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile method in the present paper. The experiment included four different tillage treatments: rotary tillage without crop residue input as a control (RTO), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), and conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT). Compared with RTO treatment, grain yield of rice with NT, RT and CT treatments increased by 1.21%, 3.13% and 6.40%, respectively. This results showed that soil aC15:0, C16:0, iC17:0, C19:0c9, 10 fatty acids with CT and RT treatments were higher than that of RTO treatment, while soil C16:1ω6c and C18:1ω9t fatty acids with NT treatment were higher than that of RTO treatment, respectively. Soil G+ and G− bacteria PLFAs contents with CT treatment were higher than that of NT, RT and RTO treatments, while the value of soil G+/G− bacteria PLFAs with NT treatment were higher than that of CT, RT and RTO treatments. This results indicated that Richness and McIntosh indices with CT treatment were significantly higher than that of RTO treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) were explained 93.2% of total variance with all tillage treatments. Except C12:0, C14:0 2OH and C18:2ω6, all unsaturated and cyclopropyl PLFAs contents were belong to PC1. PC1 and PC2 were explained 88.4% of total variance with all tillage treatments. There had significantly positive correlation between soil Richness, Shannon indices and soil PLFAs, G+ bacteria, G− bacteria, fungi contents. As a result, it were benefit practices for increasing soil bacterial community structure in the double-cropping rice field of southern China by combined application of rotary, conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation managements.
Trigonal multivalent polonium monolayers with intrinsic quantum spin Hall effects
Authors: Bao Hairui , Zhao Bao , Zhang Jiayong , Xue Yang , Huan Hao , Gao Guanyi , Yang Zhongqin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) topological insulators, a type of the extraordinary quantum electronic states, have attracted considerable interest due to their unique electronic properties and promising potential applications. Recently, the successful fabrication of 2D Te monolayers (i.e. tellurene) in experiments (Zhu et al., Phys Rev Lett 119:106101, 2017) has promoted researches on the group-VI monolayer materials. With first-principles calculations and tight-binding (TB) method, we investigate the structures and electronic states of 2D polonium (poloniumene), in which Po is a congener of Te. The poloniumene is found to have the tendency of forming a three-atomic-layer 1 T-MoS2-like structure (called trigonal poloniumene), namely, the central-layer Po atoms behave metal-like, while the two-outer-layer Po atoms are semiconductor-like. This unique multivalent behavior of the Po atoms is conducive to the structural stability of the monolayer, which is found to be an intrinsic quantum spin Hall insulator with a large band gap. The nontrivial topology originates from the $$p_{x,y} - p_{z}$$

p

x
,
y

-

p
z

band inversion, which can be understood based on a built TB model. The poloniumene with different congener elements doped is also explored. Our results provide a thorough understanding of structures and electronic states of 2D polonium-related materials.
Effectiveness of alternative semester break schedules on reducing COVID-19 incidence on college campuses
Authors: Lehnig Chris L. , Oren Eyal , Vaidya Naveen K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite COVID-19 vaccination programs, the threat of new SARS-CoV-2 strains and continuing pockets of transmission persists. While many U.S. universities replaced their traditional nine-day spring 2021 break with multiple breaks of shorter duration, the effects these schedules have on reducing COVID-19 incidence remains unclear. The main objective of this study is to quantify the impact of alternative break schedules on cumulative COVID-19 incidence on university campuses. Using student mobility data and Monte Carlo simulations of returning infectious student size, we developed a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) model to simulate transmission dynamics among university students. As a case study, four alternative spring break schedules were derived from a sample of universities and evaluated. Across alternative multi-break schedules, the median percent reduction of total semester COVID-19 incidence, relative to a traditional nine-day break, ranged from 2 to 4% (for 2% travel destination prevalence) and 8–16% (for 10% travel destination prevalence). The maximum percent reduction from an alternate break schedule was estimated to be 37.6%. Simulation results show that adjusting academic calendars to limit student travel can reduce disease burden. Insights gleaned from our simulations could inform policies regarding appropriate planning of schedules for upcoming semesters upon returning to in-person teaching modalities.
Surveillance and genetic data support the introduction and establishment of Aedes albopictus in Iowa, USA
Authors: Hall David R. , Tokarz Ryan E. , Field Eleanor N. , Smith Ryan C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAedes albopictus is a competent vector of several arboviruses that has spread throughout the United States over the last three decades. With the emergence of Zika virus in the Americas in 2015–2016 and an increased need to understand the current distributions of Ae. albopictus in the US, we initiated surveillance efforts to determine the abundance of invasive Aedes species in Iowa. Here, we describe surveillance efforts from 2016 to 2020 in which we detect stable and persistent populations of Aedes albopictus in three Iowa counties. Based on temporal patterns in abundance and genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes between years, our data support that Ae. albopictus are overwintering and have likely become established in the state. The localization of Ae. albopictus predominantly in areas of urbanization, and noticeable absence in rural areas, suggests that these ecological factors may contribute to overwintering success. Together, these data document the establishment of Ae. albopictus in Iowa and their expansion into the Upper Midwest, where freezing winter temperatures were previously believed to limit their spread. With impending climate change, our study provides evidence for the further expansion of Ae. albopictus into temperate regions of the United States resulting in increased risks for vector-borne disease transmission.
Dynamical and moist thermodynamical processes associated with Western Ghats rainfall decadal variability
Authors: Halder Subrota , Parekh Anant , Chowdary Jasti S. , Gnanaseelan C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Western Ghats (WG) is a vast montane forest ecosystem known for its biodiversity and endemism. The decadal variability of WG summer monsoon rainfall is higher than most of the other regions of India. Spectrum and wavelet analysis of century-long rainfall observation confirm significant decadal variability (at 90% confidence level) in WG rainfall, with amplification of magnitude (about 1.5–2 times) in the recent years compared to the previous half-century. Correlation analysis of WG rainfall with Indian (Pacific) Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) shows a significant relationship during 1901–1942 (1943–1977 and 1978–2010). The analysis associated with decadal rainfall variability reveals the dominance of dynamical processes during 1901–1942 and moist thermodynamical processes during 1943–1977 and 1978–2010. The study concludes that decadal variability of WG rainfall is robust and the forcing mechanisms are essentially maintained by the Indian and Pacific Oceans variability, adding value in developing decadal prediction systems and may also contribute towards understanding the evolution of WG ecosystem.
An extended motif in the SARS-CoV-2 spike modulates binding and release of host coatomer in retrograde trafficking
Authors: Dey Debajit , Singh Suruchi , Khan Saif , Martin Matthew , Schnicker Nicholas J. , Gakhar Lokesh , Pierce Brian G. , Hasan S. Saif 
Published: February 2022

Abstractβ-Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 hijack coatomer protein-I (COPI) for spike protein retrograde trafficking to the progeny assembly site in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). However, limited residue-level details are available into how the spike interacts with COPI. Here we identify an extended COPI binding motif in the spike that encompasses the canonical K-x-H dibasic sequence. This motif demonstrates selectivity for αCOPI subunit. Guided by an in silico analysis of dibasic motifs in the human proteome, we employ mutagenesis and binding assays to show that the spike motif terminal residues are critical modulators of complex dissociation, which is essential for spike release in ERGIC. αCOPI residues critical for spike motif binding are elucidated by mutagenesis and crystallography and found to be conserved in the zoonotic reservoirs, bats, pangolins, camels, and in humans. Collectively, our investigation on the spike motif identifies key COPI binding determinants with implications for retrograde trafficking.
Assessing Barriers to Graduate School Admission for Applicants From Underrepresented Populations in a Master's Level Speech-Language Pathology Program
Authors: Kovacs Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
A retrospective review of speech-language pathology graduate school applications was conducted to identify ways in which the application process may act as barriers to admission for three populations of underrepresented students: students who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color; first-generation college students; and students with low socioeconomic status.

Method:
Graduate school applications were analyzed to identify application components that act as barriers to admission. The data set included application data from one program that uses composite cutoff scores and demographics in admissions decisions. Quantitative methods were used to probe for evidence of three types of barriers: barriers to application, group differences, and differential predictive validity. Applicants from underrepresented populations were compared to applicants from overrepresented populations.

Results:
Applicants from underrepresented populations were more likely to submit late or incomplete applications. Group differences were found for grade point averages (GPAs) and Graduate Records Examination (GRE) percentiles, but not for letters of recommendation or personal statements. All application components made significant contributions to decisions about initial application results. Differential predictive validity was found in the analysis of initial application results. For letters of recommendation, GPAs, and personal statements, group-specific regression lines with the same slopes were found for applicants from underrepresented populations and applicants from overrepresented populations. For GRE percentiles, group-specific regression lines had different slopes.

Conclusions:
This barrier assessment found quantitative evidence of several barriers to admission for applicants from underrepresented populations. These barriers help perpetuate the lack of diversity in the profession. Actionable steps to mitigate barriers are proposed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19119515
MUSE spectroscopy of the ULX NGC 1313 X-1: A shock-ionised bubble, an X-ray photoionised nebula, and two supernova remnants
Authors: Gúrpide A. , Parra M. , Godet O. , Contini T. , Olive J.-F. 
Published: February 2022

Context. The presence of large ionised gaseous nebulae found around some ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) provides the means to assess the mechanical and radiative feedback of the central source, and hence constrain the efficiency and impact on the surroundings of the super-Eddington regime powering most of these sources. NGC 1313 X–1 is an archetypal ULX, reported to be surrounded by abnormally high [O I]λ6300/Hα > 0.1 ratios, and for which high-resolution spectroscopy in X-rays has hinted at the presence of powerful outflows.
Aims. We report observations taken with the integral field unit Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) mounted at the Very Large Telescope of NGC 1313 X–1 in order to confirm the presence of a nebula inflated by the winds, investigate its main sources of ionisation and estimate the mechanical output of the source.
Methods. We investigated the morphology, kinematics, and sources of ionisation of the bubble through the study of the main nebular lines. We compared the main line ratios with spatially resolved Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich diagrams and with the prediction from radiative shock libraries, which allows us to differentiate regions excited by shocks from those excited by extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation.
Results. We detect a bubble of 452 × 266 pc in size, roughly centred around the ULX, which shows clear evidence of shock ionisation in the outer edges. We estimate shock velocities to be in the ≈160 − 180 km s−1 range based on the line ratios. This suggests that an average and continuous outflow power of ∼(2 − 4.5)×1040 erg s−1 over a timescale of (4.5 − 7.8)×105 yr is required to inflate the bubble. In the interior of the bubble and closer to the ULX we detect an extended (∼140 pc) X-ray ionised region. Additionally, we detect two supernova remnants coincidentally close to the ULX bubble of which we also report age and explosion energy estimates.
Conclusions. The elongated morphology and the kinematics of the bubble strongly suggest that the bubble is being inflated by winds and/or jets emanating from the central source, supporting the presence of winds found through X-ray spectroscopy. The estimated mechanical power is comparable to or higher than the X-ray luminosity of the source, which provides additional evidence in support of NGC 1313 X–1 harbouring a super-Eddington accretor.
Tomography of the environment of the COSMOS/AzTEC-3 submillimeter galaxy at z ∼ 5.3 revealed by Lyα and MUSE observations
Authors: Guaita L. , Aravena M. , Gurung-Lopez S. , Cantalupo S. , Marino R. , Riechers D. , da Cunha E. , Wagg J. , Algera H. S. B. , Dannerbauer H. , Cox P. 
Published: February 2022

Context. Submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) have been proposed as the progenitors of massive ellipticals in the local Universe. Mapping the neutral gas distribution and investigating the gas accretion toward the SMGs at high redshift can provide information on the way SMG environments can evolve into clusters at z = 0.
Aims. In this work, we study the members of the protocluster around AzTEC-3, a submillimeter galaxy at z = 5.3. We use Lyα emission and its synergy with previous CO and [C II]158 μm observations.
Methods. We analyzed the data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument in an area of 1.4 × 1.4 arcmin2 around AzTEC-3 and derived information on the Lyα line in emission. We compared the Lyα profile of various regions of the environment with the zELDA radiative transfer model, revealing the neutral gas distribution and kinematics.
Results. We identified ten Lyα emitting sources, including two regions with extended emission: one embedding AzTEC-3 and LBG-3, which is a star-forming galaxy located 2″ (12 kpc) north of the SMG and another toward LBG-1, which is a star-forming galaxy located 15″ (90 kpc) to the southeast. The two regions extend for ∼27 × 38 kpc2 (∼170 × 240 ckpc2) and ∼20 × 20 kpc2 (∼125 × 125 ckpc2), respectively. The sources appear distributed in an elongated configuration of about 70″ (430 kpc) in extent. The number of sources confirms the overdensity around AzTEC-3. We study the MUSE spectra of the AzTEC-3+LBG-3 system and LBG-1 in detail. For the AzTEC-3+LBG-3 system, the Lyα emission appears redshifted and more spatially extended than the [C II] line emission. Similarly, the Lyα line spectrum is broader in velocity than [C II] for LBG-1. In the former spectrum, the Lyα emission is elongated to the north of LBG-3 and to the south of AzTEC-3, where a faint Lyα emitting galaxy is also located. The elongated structures could resemble tidal features due to the interaction of the two galaxies with AzTEC-3. Also, we find a bridge of gas, revealed by the Lyα emission between AzTEC-3 and LBG-3. The Lyα emission toward LBG-1 embeds its three components. The HI kinematics support the idea of a merger of the three components.
Conclusions. Given the availability of CO and [C II] observations from previous campaigns, and the Lyα information from our MUSE dataset, we find evidence of starburst-driven phenomena and interactions around AzTEC-3. The stellar mass of the galaxies of the overdensity and the Lyα luminosity of the HI nebula associated with AzTEC-3 imply a dark matter halo of ∼1012 M⊙ at z = 5.3. By comparing this with semi-analytical models, the dark matter halo mass indicates that the region could evolve into a cluster of 2 × 1013 M⊙ by z = 2 and into a Fornax-type cluster at z = 0 with a typical mass of 2 × 1014 M⊙.
Isolated Compounds from Buddleja Coriacea
with
Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in the Urinary
Tract
Authors: Ticona Luis Apaza , Rico Francisco Aguilar , Sánchez-Corral Javier Sánchez , Domenech Montserrat Ortega , Sánchez Ángel Rumbero 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Buddleja coriacea Remy is one of the plant species used by the Bolivian
population for the treatment of urinary infections. This study aimed to identify
the extract, fractions, and compounds responsible for the antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory activities of B. coriacea leaves. Bioguided isolation
of compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities was carried out
by measuring the antibacterial effect against specific pathogenic microbial
strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens, and the inhibition of
NF-κB in RM-2 and MM.14Ov cells. Bioassay-guided isolation
led to the isolation and characterisation of
(4aR,4bS,5 S,6aS,6bS,9aR,10aS,10bS)-6b-glycoloyl-5-hydroxy-4a,6a-dimethyl-8-propyl-4a,4b,5,6,6a,6b,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-2H-naphtho
[2',1':4,5] indeno [1,2-d][1,3] dioxol-2-one (1),
3-[3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)
acrylamide (2), and
(1β,11β,12α)-1,11,12-trihydroxy-11,20-epoxypicrasa-3,13(21)-diene-2,16-dione
(3) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. All
compounds showed antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration
values of 11.64–11.81, 0.17–0.19, and
0.34–0.36 µM, respectively, on the tested
strains, while the positive control, ofloxacin, had a minimum inhibitory
concentration of 27.66 µM. Finally, all the compounds
showed NF-κB inhibitory activity with IC50 values of
11.25–11.34, 0.15–0.16, and
0.33–0.36 µM, respectively, in all cell
lines, while the positive control, celastrol, had an IC50 of
7.96 µM. Thus, this study managed to isolate and
evaluate for the first time the pharmacological potential of three compounds
present in the leaves of B. coriacea with antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory activities.
POCUS-Punktion
Authors: Spindler Beate , Rickert Kathleen , Shahverdyan Robert 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie POCUS-Punktion (POCUS: „point-of-care ultrasound“) ist die vierte Punktionstechnik des Dialyseshunts. Bisherige Techniken orientieren sich am Ort der Punktionsstelle. Die konventionelle Punktion basiert auf Erfahrung, Gefühl oder auch persönlichem Geschick – man kann auch „blind“ dazu sagen. Die POCUS-Punktion ist die einzige Punktionstechnik, welche mithilfe eines „real-time“ Bildes erfolgt. Mit diesem Artikel soll die vierte Punktionstechnik eingeführt werden. Neue endovaskuläre AV-Fistel-Anlage-Techniken führen vorübergehend zu schwierigen punktierbaren Gefäßverhältnissen. Es sind keine OP-Narben erkennbar und die Punktionsstrecke ist zunächst kaum tastbar. Neben der wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung des Themas gibt eine leitende Pflegekraft Einblicke in die Implementierung der POCUS-Punktion in einer Klinikdialyse.