bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Physical Performance in Indian Kidney-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Shah Harda H. , Shah Nehal , Kute Vivek , Patel Himanshu V. , Shah Pankaj 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Physical performance refers to the functional demonstration of task. Little is known about physical performance among Indian kidney-transplant recipients (KTRs). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical performance among Indian KTRs and to find its determinants from transplant, demographic, or behavior components.

Methodology:
In this single-center, prospective observational study, 149 KTRs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥45 ml/min/1.72 m2 and posttransplant duration (PTD) >6 months were enrolled. Physical performance was evaluated by 6 minute walk distance (6MWD), dominant hand grip strength (DHGS), numbers of 1 minute sit to stand (1MSTS), and time taken to perform 5 times sit to stand (5xSTS). Multivariate analysis was performed between transplant-related components (PTD, dialysis vintage, eGFR, and comorbidity); health behavioral components (total physical activity [TPA], sedentary time, fear of activity participation, body mass index, abdominal circumference); demographic components (age and gender); and each of the physical performance measures.

Results:
The average 6MWD was 392 ± 96.2 meters, the DHGS was 33.1 ± 6.8 kg, the number of 1MSTS repetitions was 24.0 ± 3.7/min, and the time taken to do 5xSTS was 10.6 ± 1.9 s among participants. When adjusted for cofounders with multivariable analyses, the health behavior of habitual physical activity was statistically significantly (P < 0.001) associated with all aspects of physical performance.

Conclusion:
Relatively low physical performance was seen among KTRs. Behavior of participation in physical activity contributed to the positive change in all aspects of physical performance against transplant and demographic variables, and it is the major determinant of physical performance.
Role of Pathogenic T-Helper Cells-17 in Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Yadav Brijesh , Prasad Narayan , Agrawal Vinita , Jain Manoj , Agarwal Vikas 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Both T-cell and B-cell activities are interlinked. The role of a new subset of T-helper cells (Th17), which is thought to be more pathogenic than other effector T cells, is not much studied in cases of chronic antibody-mediated rejection (CABMR). Therefore, we aimed to determine the circulating frequency of Th17, Pgp+ Th17, Pgp+ CD4T cell, and serum interleukin (IL)-17A cytokine level in patients of CABMR and stable graft function (SGF).

Materials and Methods:
We had recruited 42 patients of biopsy-proven CABMR (n = 32) and SGF (n = 10). The frequency of Pgp+ CD4Tcells, Pgp+ Th17 and Th17 cell was quantified in circulating blood by flow cytometry, and IL-17A level was determined in serum by ELISA techniques.

Results:
We observed that the frequency of Th17 cell (2.30 ± 1.15 and 4.46 ± 2.05; P = 0.003), Pgp+ CD4T (15.73 ± 4.38 and 25.27 ± 5.15; P < 0.001), and Pgp+ Th17 (0.78 ± 0.65 and 2.19 ± 0.93; P < 0.001) was higher in CABMR as compared to that of SGF. The ratio of Th17/CD4T cell (0.077 ± 0.045 and 0.14 ± 0.06; P = 0.004), and Pgp+ CD4T/CD4T cell (0.51 ± 0.14 and 0.81 ± 0.17, P < 0.001) was also higher in CABMR as compared to SGF. Serum cytokine IL-17A level was (42.39 ± 13.25 and 66.97 ± 18.27; P < 0.001) pg/ml was also higher in CABMR than that of SGF. The frequency of Pgp+ Th17 cell was positively correlating with 24-h proteinuria (r = 0.309; P = 0.04), serum creatinine (r = 0.423; P = 0.005), and negatively correlating with eGFR (r = −0.468; P = 0.002). Similarly, the frequency of Pgp+ CD4T cell was positively correlating with 24-h proteinuria (r = 0.351; P = 0.023), serum creatinine (r = 0.310; P = 0.04), and negatively correlating with eGFR (r = −0.414; P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Higher Pgp+ TH17 cell is associated with CABMR, proteinuria, and graft dysfuntion.
A Study of Visual Outcome in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty at a Tertiary Eye Care Institute
Authors: Mahendra Superna , Killani Srinivas Prasad , Pola Swathi 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty is a surgical procedure for removing the corneal stroma down to Descemet's membrane. It is most useful for the treatment of corneal disease in the setting of a normally functioning endothelium.

Materials and Methods:
Patients attending Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital were screened. Twenty-eight eyes of 23 patients with anterior corneal pathologies and who had a best-corrected visual acuity of less than 6/60 and not improving beyond it were included in the study

. Results:
Conditions in which the pathology is limited to the anterior stroma and sparing the endothelium, lamellar keratoplasty as a procedure offers many advantages with fewer risks of complications.

Conclusion:
Corneal pathologies involving anterior stroma are better treated with DALK with fewer complications.
Use of Intramuscular Triamcinolone Acetonide in Intermediate Responders to Janus Kinase Inhibition for Alopecia Areata
Authors: Araoye Erinolaoluwa F. , Aguh Crystal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been identified as an effective treatment option for severe alopecia areata (AA), but response is variable among patients. Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (IMTA), which has a greater bioavailability than other forms of steroids, has been used effectively to treat refractory AA with very few side effects. However, the use of IMTA in combination with JAK inhibitors is not well characterized. We present two patients with severe patch type AA and alopecia totalis who failed to achieve substantial regrowth after at least 6 months of oral tofacitinib and were treated with a single dose of IMTA 60 mg. Both patients had more than 50% increase in hair regrowth in areas of hair loss that had persisted on tofacitinib with no reported adverse effects.
Dermatologic Surgery Training in Dermatology Residency Programs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubait Norah , Mitwalli Hadeel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Dermatologic surgical procedures are expanding. Residents' training in procedural dermatology must evolve with the changes in the field.

Purpose:
We assessed the current status of surgical dermatology training in all Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS)-accredited dermatology residency programs in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
The survey was mailed to all 4th-year dermatology residents who completed the full 4 years of training at 5 SCFHS-accredited dermatology residency programs in December 2020. Statistical software SPSS (Version 22) was used to analyze responses.

Results:
A total of 26 4th-year residents participated, with a response rate of 89.6%. About 53.8% of the participants were equally assigned as the primary surgeons in laser for acne scar treatment and botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis. Most of residents reported higher levels of nonexposure, especially for hair transplant procedures at 88.5%, fat transfer at 84.6%, fillers injection, and chemical peels at 65.4%. Regarding Mohs surgery, 73.1% of them are only knowledgeable through lectures and observations, without any hands-on training. The majority of residents (92.3%) were not satisfied with their dermatologic surgery training during residency.

Conclusion:
Residents express dissatisfaction with procedural and surgical dermatology training. Exposure in important areas of dermatologic surgery training could be better.
Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections and Associated Factors among Healthy Blood Donors in North Indian Population – 4-Year Experience of Licensed Blood Bank at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Cheema Sandeep , Rana Vandana , Kulhari Kanchan , Yadav Arvind , Sachdeva Amit 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Unsafe blood transfusion proves very costly from both human as well as economic point of view. With every unit of blood transfused, there is 1% chance of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). In India, blood is screened for all those infections mandated by the World Health Organization, i.e., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and also malaria. The aim of the present study is to determine the seroprevalence of TTIs and associated factors among healthy blood donors in North Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted by reviewing the records of all blood donors for a period of 4 years from January 2016 to December 2019 at Blood Bank of our institution.

Results:
Out of total 10,797 healthy voluntary donors, 2338 (21.65%) were the motivated donors and 8459 (78.35%) were voluntary unpaid family donors. Majority of the donors were males, i.e., 10,332 (95.69%); female donors were 465 (4.31% only. Overall prevalence of TTI was 1.07% (116/10,797). The seroprevalence of the HIV, HBV, HCV, malaria, and syphilis was found to be 0.03%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.009% and 0.05%, respectively, which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Coinfection was not seen in any of the donors.

Conclusion:
The present study shows a seroprevalence of 1.07% for TTI with positivity of 0.50% for HCV and 0.49% for HBV. Individuals donating in blood camps made only 21.65%. Female donor participation was lean 4.31%. Efforts to motivate and ensure active participation of voluntary blood donors including females are needed.
Study of Clinical Features, Laboratory and Radiological Findings, Morbidity, and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gopal Prashant , Diggikar Pradnya , Satya Saranya Nelabhotla Sai Satya 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Diabetes and its complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes may be associated with poorer outcomes as compared with patients with good glycemic control.

Methodology:
A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with COVID-19 were taken from a tertiary care center in Pune, Maharashtra, and included in the study following their voluntary informed consent.

Results:
It was observed that patients with poor glycemic control had a greater prevalence of symptoms including fever (64.9% vs 55.4%), cough (51.3% vs 42.2%), and dyspnoea (40.5% vs 27.7%). C-reactive protein (9.40 vs 5.66), D-dimer (668.2 vs 457.9), and ferritin levels (352 vs 238) were observed to be greater in patients with poor glycemic control. Chest X-Ray changes (45.9% vs 17.2%) and CT severity score (9.32 vs 5.79) were significantly greater in patients with poor glycemic control. Patients with poor glycemic control also had an increased incidence of O2 requirement, increased mortality, and a longer duration of hospital stay. Poor glycemic control was also associated with an increased incidence of complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome (35.1% vs 18.0%), sepsis with or without septic shock (18.9% vs 9.6%), acute coronary syndrome (13.5% vs 8.4%), acute kidney injury (18.9% vs 3.6%), acute hepatic injury (13.5% vs 2.4%), and other complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular accident (10.8% vs 6.0%).

Conclusion:
On the basis of our findings, we concluded that patients with poor glycemic control were associated with poorer outcomes and increased complications.
Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced T1 mapping to evaluate liver damage caused by Clonorchis sinensis
Authors: Xiang Yanhan , Li Ningqin , Zhou Zhongyang , Fang Jing , Liao Jinyuan 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study is to explore the feasibility of Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) T1 mapping for evaluating liver damage caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection in rabbit models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Forty-two rabbits were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10), mild infection group (n = 12), moderate infection group (n = 9), and severe infection group (n = 11). All rabbits underwent an magnetic resonance imaging scan and pathological examination to obtain the relaxation time before Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement and the relaxation time after Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 min. The Ishak score was used to evaluate the inflammation and fibrosis of the liver.

RESULTS:
The severity of C. sinensis infection was positively correlated with liver inflammation. The T1 relaxation time of liver increased with increasing inflammation. The highest correlation was recorded between inflammation and the T1 relaxation time at 30 min (P = 0.001). After enhancement, The T1 relaxation time has a significant difference between the severe infection group and control group and between the severe infection group and mild infection group. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showed that the T1 relaxation time was the most effective parameter for diagnosing the degree of inflammation at 30 min.

CONCLUSIONS:
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1 mapping can be used to evaluate the liver damage caused by C. sinensis infection.
Ерозивно-виразкові захворювання гастродуоденальної зони у військовослужбовців: клінічні та фармакоекономічні аспекти
Authors: Osyodlo G. V. , Tsyts O. V. , Prokopchuk S. M. , Kotyk Y. Y. , Osyodlo V. V. 
Published: April 2022

Вступ. В статті проведений аналіз поширення та структури ерозивно-виразкових захворювань гастродуоденальної зони у військовослужбовців, що перебували на лікуванні у Національному військово-медичному клінічному центрі «Головний Військовий Клінічний Госпіталь» (НВМКЦ «ГВКГ»). Виконано порівняння фармакоекономічних показників окремих схем лікування таких захворювань та потенційну економічну вигоду від їх використання.
Мета. Провести аналіз клінічних та фармакоекономічних показників діагностики та лікування ерозивно-виразкових захворювань гастродуоденальної зони у військовослужбовців та визначити потенційну економічну вигоду при використанні різних схем терапії таких захворювань.
Матеріали та методи: проведено аналіз звітних документів НВМКЦ «ГВКГ» щодо 3904 військовослужбовців, які перебували на лікуванні з діагнозами виразкова хвороба шлунку, виразкова хвороба ДПК, гастрити та дуоденіти. Порівняно фармакоекономічні показники стандартної та вісмутовмісткої схем терапії та розраховано потенційну економічну вигоду для НВМКЦ «ГВКГ».
Результати. Встановлено, що за 5–річний статистичний ряд в НМВКЦ «ГВКГ» зареєстровано 184 випадки виразкової хвороби шлунку, 1023 випадки виразкової хвороби ДПК та 2697 випадків гастритів та дуоденітів. Схеми лікування з включенням рабепразолу та колоїдного вісмуту вітчизняного виробника показали кращі витратну ефективність та корисність витрат. Потенційна економічна вигода для НВМКЦ «ГВКГ» при використанні схем з рабепразолом та вісмутом у 5-річній перспективі становить близько 473 тис грн.
Висновки. Використання у схемах лікування H.pylori-асоційованих ерозивно-виразкових захворювань шлунку та ДПК у військовослужбовців вітчизняного рабепразолу та колоїдного вісмуту демонструє кращі терапевтичні та фармакоекономічні показники і є економічно вигідним для використання у НВМКЦ «ГВКГ».
Diffuse hepatic uptake on bone scan in a terminally ill osteosarcoma patient
Authors: Muntaha Fatima Rana  , Aamna Hassan  
Published: April 2022

Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan is an effective tool for the evaluation of benign and malignant skeletal disorders. Hepatic uptake on bone scan is an unexpected finding and whenever present, the cause must be determined as the distinction between technical and pathological causes is important to direct further patient management. Identification of these abnormalities will decrease errors and provide cardinal clinical information. We present the image of a patient with Osteosarcoma of the left femur; who underwent bone scan for metastatic workup which showed diffuse hepatic uptake.
Keywords: Hepatic uptake, Osteosarcoma, Hepatic artifact.
Respiration rate during a stress task moderates neuroticism and perceived stress in older adults
Authors: Kaplan Josh , Klee Daniel , Oken Barry 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundResearch suggests that respiration rate is related to psychological factors such as neuroticism and perceived stress in addition to physiological factors. However, it is unclear how respiration rate during a laboratory stress task relates to the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress.Participants and procedureThis cross-sectional secondary analysis examined respiration rate during a stress task in moderating the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress in a sample of generally healthy older adults (n = 64). Respiration data were collected during an auditory oddball paradigm and the Portland Arithmetic Stress Task (PAST), a laboratory-based cognitive stressor.ResultsThe results indicated that respiration rate during the PAST significantly moderated the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress (p = .031), such that participants who exhibited a very low (–1.78 SD) respiration rate showed a non-significant relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress, whereas participants with average (mean; p < .001) and elevated respiration rates (+1 SD; p < .001) exhibited a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress.ConclusionsThese findings add to a body of literature suggesting that stress reactivity is an important link between personality factors and negative outcomes. However, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine the role of physiological stress reactivity in buffering this relationship. The results suggest that individuals higher in neuroticism may attenuate the relationship between stress vulnerability and perceived stress through decreased physiological stress reactivity, particularly by exhibiting slow breathing during a stressor.
Intracoronary epinephrine versus adenosine in the management of refractory no-reflow phenomenon: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Darwish Ahmed , Frere Abdel-Fattah , Abdelsamie Magdy , Awady Waleed El , Gouda Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
The no-reflow phenomenon is associated with a considerable reduction in myocardial salvage in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). There has been no head-to-head comparison of intra-coronary epinephrine to adenosine in the management of no-reflow phenomenon.

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of using intracoronary epinephrine versus adenosine for management of the catastrophic no-reflow phenomenon that may occur during primary PCI.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort.

SETTING:
Single center in Egypt.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included STEMI patients who developed refractory no-reflow phenomenon during primary PCI after failure of conventional treatments and received either intracoronary epinephrine or adenosine.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
No-reflow management measured through improvement of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade (TIMI flow), myocardial blush grade, TIMI frame count and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1-year follow up.

SAMPLE SIZE:
156 patients with refractory no-reflow phenomenon during primary PCI.

RESULTS:

Successful reperfusion was achieved in 74 of 81 (91.4%) of patients who received epinephrine and in 65 of 75 (86.7%) who received adenosine (
P
<.05). Fifty-six of 81 patients (69.1%) achieved TIMI III flow after epinephrine administration versus 39 of 75 patients (52.7%) in the adenosine group (
P
=.04). The incidence of heart failure after 1 year of follow up was lower in the epinephrine group compared to the adenosine group (6.3% vs. 19.2%,
P
<.017). MACE after 1 year of follow up was lower in patients who received epinephrine compared to those who received adenosine (11.3 % Vs. 26.7 %,
P
<.01).

CONCLUSION:
During primary PCI, intracoronary epinephrine is as effective as adenosine in successful management of refractory no-reflow phenomenon with a more favorable long-term prognosis compared to adenosine.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Simulation and field campaign evaluation of an optical particle counter on a fixed-wing UAV
Authors: Girdwood Joseph , Stanley Warren , Stopford Chris , Brus David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have great potential to be utilised as an airborne platform for measurement of atmospheric particulates and droplets. In particular, the spatio-temporal resolution of UAV measurements could be of use for the characterisation of aerosol, cloud, and radiation (ACR) interactions, which contribute to the largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change throughout the industrial era (Zelinka et al., 2014). UAV-instrument combinations must be extensively validated to ensure the data are repeatable and accurate. This paper presents an evaluation of a particular UAV-instrument combination: the FMI-Talon fixed-wing UAV and the UCASS open-path optical particle counter. The performance of the UCASS was previously evaluated on a multi-rotor airframe by Girdwood et al. (2020). However, fixed-wing measurements present certain advantages – namely endurance, platform stability, and maximum altitude. Airflow simulations were utilised to define limiting parameters on UAV sampling – that is, an angle of attack limit of 10∘ and a minimum airspeed of 20 m s−1 – which were then applied retroactively to field campaign data as rejection criteria. The field campaign involved an inter-comparison with reference instrumentation mounted on a research station, which the UAV flew past. Cloud droplets were considered the ideal validation particle; since the underlying Mie assumptions used to compute droplet radius were more valid, future work will focus on the instrument response to aerosol particles. The effective diameter measured by the UAV largely agreed within 2 µm. The droplet number concentration agreed within 15 % on all but five profiles. It was concluded that UCASS would benefit from a mechanical redesign to avoid calibration drifts, and UAV attitude variations during measurement should be kept to a minimum.
Очерк этнокультурной истории низовий Сырдарьи во второй половине I тыс. до н.э.: поселения чирикрабатской культуры
Authors: Утубаев Жанболат Раимкулович 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматривается один из основных аспектов культурогенеза – взаимоотношения культур оседлых земледельцев и скотоводов евразийских степей на примере памятников материальной культуры нижней Сырдарьи, территория которого была одной из контактных зон в Евразии. Основное внимание в публикации уделено Чирикрабатской археологической культуре, которая сформировалась на территории юго-западной части древней Сырдарьинской дельты не позднее рубежа IV–II вв. до н.э. Культура возникла на этой территории, безусловно, на местной основе, когда кочевые саки, заселявшие низовья Сырдарьи во второй трети I тыс. до н.э., переходят к оседлому земледельческо-скотоводческому способу ведения хозяйства, основанному на ирригационном земледелии. В ареале Чирикрабатской археологической культуры находятся различные по площади и планировке древние поселения и городища, краткое описание которых дано в статье. На основании сравнительного анализа всех этих памятников определяются характерные особенности того или иного типа поселений, что дает основание объективно выявить определенную иерархию внутри всего массива этих объектов, которая прослеживается даже на самом верхнем таксонометрическом уровне. Анализ всего корпуса известных в настоящее время артефактов дают основания предполагать, что во второй половине I тыс. до н.э. в низовьях Сырдарьи создаются все предпосылки для формирования здесь единой взаимосвязанной централизованной экономической системы с развитым ремесленным производством, базировавшейся на искусственном орошении.