bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic production of sustainable jojoba fatty alcohols. Biorefinery approach
Authors: Bouaid Abderrahim , Tardon Natalia , Hurtado Olivia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

To evaluate jojoba oil (JO) in high-added-value products, a new biorefinery strategy was used, consisting of enzymatic transesterification employing a branched 2-ethylhexanol (EH) chain alcohol. The suggested biorefinery approach utilizes an integrated process to produce jojobyl alcohols (JA) mixture (11-eicosenol, 13-docosenol, and 15-tetracosenol) as the principal product for pharmaceutical applications. Since it meets the European Biodiesel Standard EN 14214, the remaining fraction of fatty acid ethyl-hexyl esters (FAEHE) could be a potential alternative to traditional fuels.Factorial design (FD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to investigate and improve the effects of variables such as temperature and catalyst concentration on the production of both fractions. The derived models can be used to estimate the best operating parameters for an up-scaled industrial process with the least number of tests possible, resulting in cost savings. However, from a technical perspective, the best feasible yield for the more valuable JA fraction should be achieved, using a catalyst concentration of 5.7%, a temperature of 63°C, and a 6:1 alcohol/oil molar ratio. Conversion rates of 63.5% and 36% for JA and FAEHE, respectively, could be produced under these conditions. The crystallization method was used to separate JA from FAEHE. The main properties of FAEHE were measured after the separation stage. The results showed that the FAEHE fraction, which was formed as a co-product during the process, displayed better cold flow properties and oxidation stability when compared to tranesterified jojoba oil. In the transesterification reaction, using 2-ethylhexanol alcohol enhances the amount of the most valuable fraction containing jojobyl alcohols. The MTT test was used to assess in vitro cell viability in HEK293T cells. The findings revealed that a 1 μmolL-1 oily liquid mixture of jojobyl alcohols components (cis-11-eicosenol, cis-13-docosenol, and cis-15-tetracosenol) had no influence on cell cycle progression, has no harmful impacts in the examined cells, and could be employed as a therapeutic compound.The product preparation is a green engineering process that is clean, solvent-free, and uses a highly selective catalyst to reduce water and energy utilization, as well as the integrated process's downstream processing.
Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wing of Ichoku-18 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Isah Abubakar , Lawal Mohammed Shariff , Yahuza Ibrahim , Na’inna Abdulmajid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) whose wing consist of a combination of two different airfoils presents opportunity for improve aerodynamic performance; and research in this area has potential for significant innovation. This study employed a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) technique to predict drag and lift coefficients and aerodynamic efficiency of the wing of Ichoku-18 (IU-18) UAV. The wing of the IU-18 UAV consists of two different aerofoil sections, NACA2415 at the root and SD7032 at the tip. The study investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing at different Angle of Attack (AoA), AoA = 0°,4°, 8°, 12°, 16°, 20° and 24°. Using a standard and realizable k-ε turbulence models, the minimum and maximum drag coefficients and aerodynamic efficiencies were obtained at AoA = 0° and AoA = 24°. Both turbulence models predicted the critical angle of attack occurs at AoA = 16°. The results obtained were in agreement with analytical design data of the UAV and findings from the literature. While the standard k-ε turbulence model overpredicted the drag coefficients of the wing of IU-18 UAV, the values predicted by the realizable k-ε turbulence model were in closer agreement with the experimental data. Also, the lift coefficients predicted by the realizable k-ε turbulence model were more realistic and in closer agreement with that obtained analytically. Similarly, while the realizable k-ε turbulence models prediction of the CLmax is in closer agreement with the analytical data, the standard k-ε model underpredicted the variation of aerodynamic efficiency with AoA.
Protective Effect of Summer Savory (Satureja Hortensis) Essential Oil on Some Growth, Biochemical, Immune Serum, Mucosal Immune System and Antioxidant Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Exposed to Pretilachlor Herbicide
Authors: Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich , Widjaja Gunawan , Altimari Usama S. , Aravindhan Surendar , Thijail Hayfaa Attia , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Naserabad Saeid Shahbazi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) essential oil (SEO) on growth and survival parameters, liver enzymes, immune serum, mucosal immune system and biochemical profiles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to pretilachlor herbicide. Fish with the mean initial weight of (25.35 ± 0.13 g) assigned to six treatment groups (T1: control treatment; T2: low concentration of toxin (25% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide); T3: high concentration of toxin (50% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide); T4: 1% SEO; T5: low concentration of toxin + 1% SEO; and T6: high concentration of toxin + 1% SEO) were fed with experimental diets containing 1% SEO for 21 days. The results showed that the SEO-containing treatments significantly increased survival rate compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest final weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were observed in T4 treatment (P<0.05). Glucose levels decreased in the SEO-containing treatments, and the treatment T4 showed a statistical difference with the control group (P<0.05); in treatments exposed to pretilachlor herbicide, the glucose levels increased compared to the control and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). The highest total protein content was observed in the treatment T4 containing SEO, which was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased in SEO-containing treatments so that the lowest level was found in the treatment T4 (P<0.05). Alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) showed an increasing trend in SEO-containing treatments so that the highest level was seen in the treatment T4 (P<0.05). The results revealed that the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in the SEO-containing treatments compared to the control group and the treatments containing pretilachlor herbicide, and malondialdehyde (MDA) had the lowest content in the treatment T4, which showed a significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). The activity of liver enzymes, which indicates tissue damage, showed the lowest level in the treatment T4, which was statistically different from other treatments (P<0.05). To conclude, the findings of this study highlighted that the use of SEO in fish exposed to pretilachlor herbicide improves digestion and absorption of nutrients, promotes better growth, strengthens the immune system of fish and exerts a protective effect for the common carp species.
Effects on Hemodynamic Enhancement and Discomfort of a New Textile Electrode setup during Calf Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Sundström C , Juthberg R , Flodin J , Guo L , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may improve venous hemodynamics to decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism. However, whether calf-NMES using textile electrodes integrated in socks can improve venous hemodynamics without discomfort is unknown. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to examine whether calf-NMES, using one new textile electrode- compared to an established gel electrode-setup, could induce significant dose-dependent increases in the peak venous velocity (PVV) and non-inferior comfort.Methods: On ten healthy participants, intensity (mA) of calf-NMES (frequency 36 Hz, phase duration 200µs) was increased until a visible plantar flexion (threshold 1), plus an additional six NMES-levels (threshold II), utilizing two different electrode setups. A new transverse textile electrode (TTE) setup consisted of two textile electrodes (2 x 2.5 cm) sewn into the back of a sock placed 2 cm apart at the largest circumference of the calf. The established gel electrodes (3x3cm) were placed on the participants best motor points and designated the motor point electrode (MPE) setup. PVV was measured in v. poplitea and v. femoralis at baseline and at threshold I and II using a Doppler ultrasound machine. Comfort was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10). Values were expressed as medians and significance was set to p<0.05.Results: In v. poplitea both TTE and MPE induced significant dose-dependent increases in PVV from baseline to threshold I with 123% and 63% and to threshold II with 319% and 208%, respectively (all p<0.001). TTE, however, resulted in significantly higher increase of PVV in v. poplitea than MPE. In v. femoralis both TTE and MPE induced significant dose-dependent increases in PVV from baseline to threshold I with 47% and 55% and to threshold II with 102% and 107%, respectively (all p<0.001). In v. femoralis, however, there were no significant differences in PPV between TTE and MPE (p=0.700). MPE compared to TTE resulted in lower NRS, 1 versus 2, at threshold I (p<0.001), however at threshold II there was no difference in NRS (p=0.836).Conclusion: A new reusable TTE produces non-inferior dose-dependent venous hemodynamics compared to a standard MPE. Further development, however, is needed concerning textile electrode discomfort to improve patient compliance.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered with ISRCTN registry. Trial ID: ISRCTN49260430. Date: 11/01/2022.
The Impact of Nonlinear Fiscal Decentralization, Green Energy, and Policy Uncertainty on Sustainable Environment? A New Perspective From Ecological Footprint in Five OECD Countries
Authors: Zahra Samia , Badeeb Ramez Abubakr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper explores the short-run and long-run asymmetric impact of fiscal decentralization, green energy, and economic policy uncertainty on environmental sustainability proxied by ecological footprint. Using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed lag (NARDL) approach in selected five OECD countries, we find that ecological footprint responds to positive and negative fiscal decentralization asymmetrically in the long run and short run. However, the nature of the response varies significantly across countries. The result also suggests that green energy is a major factor in reducing the ecological footprint in all countries except Canada. Finally, economic policy uncertainty plays a negative and significant role in the ecological footprint in the UK, US, and Germany while insignificant in Australia and Canada. Implications for effective environmental policies are discussed.
Reported Adherence To COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions In Young People
Authors: Morata-Sampaio Leticia , Mulero-henriquez Itahisa , León Eva Elisa Álvarez 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
“Non-pharmaceutical Interventions” (NPIs) are effective public health interventions for COVID-19, but NPIs’ compliance could be low in younger individuals. We determine whether NPIs’ adherence in a young population is associated with COVID-19 infection, describe beliefs about the effectivity, and barriers to adherence.A case-control study was conducted among 18-29-year-old subjects exposed to COVID19 outbreaks in social events. Self-reported adherence to NPIs during the event was studied in confirmed COVID-19 cases and controls (close contact of confirmed cases).6 outbreaks were studied. 40 cases and 40 controls were interviewed. The adherence during the social event was low, with higher non-compliance in COVID-19 cases (98% report not using a face mask and 88% not maintaining physical distance, than in controls (58% and 55% respectively, all ps<.05). Interestingly, >90% of the participants believe that these NPIs were effective, but more cases state that they are not susceptible to the disease (88% cases vs. 45% controls), all ps<.05. The main barrier to adherence was “low-risk perception in the friends’ group.”Self-reported adherence, and perception of susceptibility to the disease is low, but higher adherence was reported in close contacts who did not develop the disease. Low-risk perception among friends was the perceived barrier.
Role of Global Longitude Strain related miRNAs as potential prognostic indicators in myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Xiaozhu , Huang Fengrong , Liu Yunhong , Liu Shujun , Tan Gangwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Real-time three-dimensional spot tracking echocardiography (RT3D-STE) can be used to assess the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Analyzing the correlation between miRNAs and RT3D-STE, especially miRNAs and Global Longitude Strain (GLS) and Global Circumferential Strain (GCS), can provide new ideas for discovering and evaluating the role of miRNAs in assessing myocardial function and prognosis of MI.
METHODS
The present study collected forty-nine (49) plasma samples (15 normal samples and 34 MI samples; 22 before and 12 after intervention therapy) and employed high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of a linear association between differentially expressed miRNAs and strain parameters of RT3D-STE.
RESULTS
One hundred forty-one (141) differentially expressed plasma exosome miRNAs were identified in STEMI compared with NSTEMI. The target genes of these ten miRNAs were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and they were found to be involved mainly in cellular metabolism processes, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Moreover, three of these differentially expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-4798-3p, hsa-miR-371a-3p and hsa-miR-4735-5p) had Pearson correlations greater than 0.5 based on GLS.
CONCLUSION
Differentially expressed miRNAs obtained before and after surgical therapy of MI may play important roles in the occurrence and development of MI. hsa-miR-4798-3p, hsa-miR-371a-3p, and hsa-miR-4735-5p may be used as potential prognostic indicators of MI.
COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Patients in Emergency Department
Authors: Murciano Manuel , Averna Roberto , Raucci Umberto , Vecchia Nicoletta Della , Musolino Anna Maria Caterina , Pontillo Maria , Pisani Mara , Labonia Milena , Cristaldi Sebastian , Pucciarini Maria Laura , Nacca Raffaella , Ferro Valentina Annarosa , Reale Antonino , Vicari Stefano , Villani Alberto , Raponi Massimiliano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Italy was the first country affected in Europe by the new coronavirus disease pandemic, so a national lockdown was set up. Side effects were anxiety, discomfort and social pressure, among others. This study analyses the characteristics of adolescent who required emergency help for neuropsychiatric disorders in the year before and after lockdown beginning. Methods: Data were collected from 1428 patients aged 12-18 years who enter the Emergency Department with a diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in a pediatric tertiary Hospital in Rome, between March 2019 and March 2021.Results: History of previous neuropsychiatric episodes (p<0.001) and comorbidities (p=0.003) were more frequent in the pre-covid era. During post-lockdown, onset time of acute symptoms was longer (p<0.001) and number of hospitalizations was higher (p<0.001) but their length was the same. Psychomotor agitation was less frequent during post-lockdown period (p<0.001); there was a reduction in hetero-aggressiveness (p=0.005) but increment in suicidal ideation (p=0.002) and suicide attempt (p<0.001).Conclusion: Rates of suicide ideation and attempts were higher during some months but admission for psychomotor agitation was reduced after lockdown, probably due to protective factors, like anxiety reduction referred to school performances and the major presence of parents at home. First lockdown forced children and parents at home; second lockdown left children lonely for most of the day. Patients waited longer before going to the emergency room in the post-lockdown phase, probably because the media focus on pandemic and the fear of contagion in hospital. Breaks in schooling can lead to educational inequalities over time.
Topic Selectivity and Adaptivity Promote Spreading of Short Messages
Authors: Bojarski Patryk , Suchecki Krzysztof , Hołyst Janusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate how the spreading of messages in social networks is impacted by user selectivity for messages based on their content, competition for user's attention between different messages and message content adaptivity through user-introduced changes. An agent-based model of message spreading featuring these mechanisms is introduced and explored to asses the impact of each on statistical properties of resulting message cascades, in particular cascade size and mean length of the messages. We observe that selectivity changes the popularity distribution and is responsible for preference towards short or long messages -- long messages for low and short messages for high selectivity. The competition drastically limits message spread if selectivity is low, but has only small impact for high selectivity. Message content adaptivity has small effect of increasing popularity of already popular messages, but only for medium levels of selectivity. We explore the spread process on random and scale-free synthetic networks and conclude that the existence of hubs in the network seems to have a marginal impact on cascade size distribution. We relate the distribution of mutated message variant popularity to observations in real social media.
An Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Predicting the Risk of Severe COVID-19 from Spike Protein Sequence
Authors: Sokhansanj Bahrad A. , Zhao Zhengqiao , Rosen Gail L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the virus has mutated in ways that affect its ability to infect people, cause severe disease, and escape immunity. It can be costly and time-consuming to experimentally study viral mutations. Sequencing genetic code is cheaper, and millions of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences are available. With the quickly changing dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and patient outcomes, we need fast ways to translate sequence data to biologically meaningful and clinically relevant information. Inspired by advances in natural language processing, we design a deep learning architecture that can be visualized at multiple scales to interpret trained models. We train a model to predict the risk of severe disease based on genetic changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which plays a key role in infection and immune response. Trained solely on spike protein sequences from pre-Omicron infections (i.e., acquired before any empirical data for Omicron was available), the model predicts Omicron sequences with a reduced risk of severe disease (by 40-50%) relative to Delta. Testing on Omicron sequences collected so far, the deep learning model’s predictions agree with real world observations, suggesting that the methodology can be applied to future variants.
Ecological control of non-point source pollution driven by soil and water erosion in China
Authors: Wang Rongjia , Sun Shiyong , Zhang Jianfeng , Cai Chunju 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Context

Emerging non-point source pollution (NPSP) driven by soil and water erosion (SWE) is a key factor affecting the environmental quality of many water source areas.
Objectives

Therefore, here we focus on NPSP driven by SWE, and critically review existing evidence of the spatial patterns and migration of N&P.
Methods

First of all, the occurrence of runoff-derived pollution under different land use and production strategies was probed, and the evidence for different forms of N&P loss from soils with varying vegetation covers was discussed. Then, the mechanism of N&P loss associated with SWE-driven NPSP was approached, and potential ecological control measures were concluded.
Results

Rainfall regimes, land use and terrain were the main factors affecting NPSP driven by SWE. Ecological treatment technologies such as ecological ditch interception technology and constructed wetlands can effectively reduce NPSP.
Conclusions

In water source areas, integrated protection, restoration, and management are needed to enhance the circulation capacity of the hydrological systems and maintain ecological balance. In particular, the greater protection of drinking water sources and construction of water-conserving forests are required.
Area Deprivation Index is Associated with Variation in Quality of Life and Psychosocial Well-being Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Offodile Anaeze , Hassan Abbas M. , Nguyen Huan T. , Corkum Joseph P. , Liu Jun , Kapur Sahil K , Chu Carrie K , Butler Charles E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Neighborhood-level factors have been shown to influence surgical outcomes through material deprivation, psychosocial mechanisms, health behaviors, and access to resources. To date, no study has been conducted to examine the relationship between area-level deprivation (ADI) and post-mastectomy outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of all adult female breast cancer patients who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy between January 2018 to June 2019. Patient-specific demographics, clinical history and ADI information were abstracted and correlated with post-operative global- (SF-12) and condition-specific (Breast-Q) quality-of-life performance via multivariable regression. Patients were classified into three groups based on their ADI scores: 0–39 (prosperous/comfortable), 40–59 (mid-tier), and 60–100 (at risk/distressed). Results: A total of 564 consecutive patients were identified; mostly white (75%) with a mean age of 60.2±12.4, mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.8±7.1, mean Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3.5±2.0, and mean ADI of 42.3±25.7. Minority patients and those with high BMI were more likely to reside in highly-deprived neighborhoods (p=0.003 and p<0.001). In adjusted models, Patients at risk/distressed had significantly lower mean SF-12 physical (44.9 [95%CI, 43.8-46.0] vs. 44.9 [95%CI, 43.7-46.1] vs. 46.3 [95%CI, 45.3-47.3], p=0.03) and BREAST-Q psychosocial well-being scores (63.5 [95%CI, 59.32-67.8] vs. 69.3 [95%CI, 65.1-73.6] vs. 69.7 [95%CI, 66.4-73.1], p=0.01) than the mid-tier and prosperous/comfortable groups.Conclusions: Patients residing in deprived neighborhoods were more likely to have worse psychological well-being and quality of life. ADI should be incorporated in the shared-decision making process and perioperative counselling to engender value-based and personalized care, especially for vulnerable populations.