bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging dewetting models rather than nucleation models: current crystallographic challenges in interfacial and nanomaterials research
Authors: Ernst Owen C. , Liu Yujia , Boeck Torsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No scientific model has shaped crystallography as much as the classical nucleation theory (CNT). The majority of all growth processes and particle formation processes are attributed to the CNT. However, alternative descriptions exist that may be better suited to explain material formation under certain conditions. One of these alternatives is the dewetting theory (DWT). To describe the possibilities of DWT in more detail, we selected three material systems for three current application areas: Gold particles on silicon as catalysts for nanowire growth, indium particles on molybdenum as precursor material in novel solar cell concepts, and silicon layers on silicon germanium as potential wells in semiconductor quantum computers. Each of these material systems showed particular advantages of DWT over CNT. For example, the properties of surface particles with high atomic mobility could be described more realistically using DWT. Yet, there were clear indications that the DWT is not yet complete and that further research is needed to complete it. In particular, modern crystallographic challenges could serve this purpose, for example the development of semiconductor quantum computers, in order to re-evaluate known models such as the CNT and DWT and adapt them to the latest state of science and technology. For the time being, this article will give an outlook on the advantages of the DWT today and its potential for future research in crystallography.
Prozessketten-Modellierung für textilverstärkte Verbund-Bauteile
Authors: Großmann Knut , Wiemer Hajo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Textilverstärkte Verbund-Werkstoffe erlangen auf Grund der funktionsgerecht gestaltbaren Werkstoffeigenschaften für Leichtbaukonzepte zunehmend Bedeutung. Die gezielte und reproduzierbare Einstellung der Werkstoffeigenschaften erweist sich als eine komplexe Aufgabenstellung, da vielfältige Einflüsse aus dem Verhalten des Verbund-Werkstoffs, der Maschinen und Werkzeuge sowie der im Herstellprozess eingestellten technologischen Größen wirken. Diese Veröffentlichungsfolge begründete im Teil 1 [1] die Notwendigkeit neuer, den komplexen Anforderungen genügender Auslegungswerkzeuge und erläuterte den verfolgten Modellierungsansatz. In diesem Beitrag werden der Stand der prozessrelevanten Modellierungsmöglichkeiten in den einzelnen technologischen Bereichen zusammengefasst sowie deren Integration in das übergreifende Prozesskettenmodell des von der DFG geförderten Sonderforschungsbereichs SFB 639 [2] veranschaulicht.*
Komplexitätsreduzierung durch Insourcing
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Leichnitz Henning , Sliwonik Pawel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der ständig wachsende Druck des Marktes drängt produzierende Unternehmen zur Erweiterung ihrer Produktspektren. In der scheinbar unkontrollierbaren Vermehrung der Varianten spiegelt sich die wachsende Komplexität wider, mit der Unternehmen heute zunehmend kämpfen. Sie wirkt sich neben den Primärprodukten auch auf deren Verpackungseinheiten aus. Die IAP GmbH hat im Rahmen eines Projekts bei einem Hersteller von Elektronik- und Industriegehäusen mit ihrem strukturierten Ansatz zur Reduzierung von Komplexität – Sensibilisieren, Beherrschen, Bereinigen, Vereinfachen – eine Lösung zur Beherrschung und Vermeidung von Komplexität durch drastische Vereinfachung gefunden: Das Insourcing des bedarfsgerechten Zuschnitts von Versandkartons aus variantenneutralen Kartonagebahnen durch die Beschaffung einer flexiblen Zuschnittanlage entlastet Entwicklung, Planung, Einkauf, Kommissionierung, Lager und Packstellen. Der grundsätzliche Ansatz der IAP GmbH sowie das Vorgehen im Fallbeispiel und die Ergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Artikel dargestellt.
Cultural Diplomacy of Kosovo after the Declaration of Independence
Authors: Saliu Hasan , Llunji Venera 
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes a segment of the cultural diplomacy of non-state actors of Kosovo who have communicated with foreign audiences through the international media in the period after the country’s declaration of independence in 2008. Analyzing the content of media coverage for non-state actors, the article examines the given messages of these actors in some powerful international media, which relate to the possibility of increasing the international image of the new country. The article finds that Kosovar non-state actors have continuously communicated with the global and regional public because it has been impossible for state actors to convey any positive message to the latter. The article, moreover, shows that Kosovar famous athletes and artists or world champions represent the soft power of Kosovo, because they have found enough space to be exposed in the international media. A significant feature of cultural diplomacy in the case of Kosovo is that the presence of hundreds and thousands of foreign peacekeepers in a country with as much security as other Balkan countries is also seen as an opportunity to influence the country’s international image.
Partner in Jihad: Marriage, Women and Deradicalised Terrorists in Indonesia
Authors: Toyibah Dzuriyatun 
Published: March 2022

The involvement of women in jihad has increased significantly in many countries including Indonesia. This changes the image that women are underrepresented in relation to acts of jihad and terrorism. Drawing from in depth-interviews with six wives of disengaged terrorists in 2016, the current article aims to explain their marriage and support in jihad. Applying religious radicalisation frameworks ranging from pre-radicalisation to jihadisation, the participants have not achieved the final step. They mostly believe in allowing jihad in conflict-ridden countries, but not in Indonesia. Marriage and family are very important to introduce the ideology of allowing violence in conflict-ridden areas. Their husband’s affiliation to a radical group has the potential to support the wives to strengthen their network within the terrorist circle. However, in general, the participants were not intensively engaging in religious studies (pengajian), were limited from connecting with their past friends after their husbands were sentenced. They disagreed with their husband’s dream and actions. Therefore, the potential network for continuing radicalisation will not develop very significantly.
Determining the features of temperature influence on the load-bearing structure of a hopper car with a composite cladding when transporting pellets to metallurgical enterprises
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Dzhenchako Vadym , Zhylinkov Olexandr , Fomina Anna , Lytvynenko Andrii 
Published: March 2022

This paper reports the improved load-bearing structure of a hopper car for transporting pellets and hot sinter. In order to increase the strength of the load-bearing structure of a hopper car under the influence of high temperatures from the transported cargo, the use of cladding made of composite material has been proposed. This solution also contributes to a 5 % reduction in the wagon's tare compared to the prototype car.
The dynamic load on the load-bearing structure of a hopper car was determined. This study was carried out for the case where an empty wagon was moving over an irregularity between the rail joints. The calculations showed that the studied dynamics indicators did not exceed the permissible values. At the same time, the ride of a hopper car is rated as "excellent".
The main indicators of the strength of the carrying structure of a hopper car were determined taking into consideration the proposed improvement. That took into account the temperature effect exerted on the load-bearing structure of a hopper car by hot sinter. It was established that the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the zone of interaction of the girder beam with the pivot beam and are about 290 MPa. At the same time, stresses in the cladding of a hopper car are about 200 MPa, which is 12 % lower than those in a regular structure.
Modal analysis was carried out to determine the frequencies and shapes of the natural oscillations of the bearing structure of a hopper car with a composite cladding. The calculation results demonstrated that the first natural frequency exceeds 8 Hz. Therefore, the safety of the wagon is provided.
The coefficient of fatigue resistance of the load-bearing structure of a hopper car was calculated. It was established that its value is almost twice as high as the permissible one. That is, the resistance to fatigue of the supporting structure is provided.
The research reported here could contribute to ensuring the strength of the load-bearing structures of hopper cars, reducing the cost of maintenance, and increasing the efficiency of their operation.
Comparison between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations to calculate head loss through conveyancing treated wastewater in Kerbala city, Iraq
Authors: Abdulameer Layth Saeed , Dzhumagulova Nazira , Algretawee Hayder , Zhuravleva Larisa , Alshammari Musa Habib 
Published: March 2022

Reuse of wastewater has been widespread in this era to support the water sustainability process. Therefore, treated wastewater should be conveyed to suitable places and adopted for different uses. This study presents an empirical relationship between the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations for four types of pipe material (ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic) by using WaterCAD Version 8i. Two hydraulic models were developed to estimate the head loss in pipes by using different diameters: first, using pipe diameters from 800 mm to 1,200 mm for a flow rate of 1.16 m3/s, second, adopting pipe diameter from 1,600 mm to 2,000 mm for a flow rate of 4.63 m3/s. The study results are the head loss values obtained from the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations, which were used to correlate them using IBM SPSS Statistics. The correlation coefficient between both equations turned out to be 0.991, 0.990, 0.990, and 0.990 for ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic pipe materials. Additionally, the relationship between head loss and pipe diameter is negatively proportioned for both equations. Also, both head loss equation results are the same. The head loss values in the Darcy’s equation were higher for ductile iron and GRP materials, while being lower for concrete and plastic materials for both models. Selecting concrete or plastic pipes to convey treated wastewater is better than other pipe materials. Another conclusion is that the pipe diameter affects the head loss magnitude irrespective of the kind of equation whether Darcy-Weisbach or Hazen-William equation. Finally, this relationship is very useful for designers in converting the head loss values obtained using these equations.
Modifying the method for forecasting hazardous processes with unknown dynamics in the presence of noise
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Andronov Vladimir , Krainiukov Olekcii , Karpets Kostiantyn , Bezuhla Yuliia , Fisun Kostiantyn , Manzhura Svyatoslav , Hryshko Svitlana , Mukhina Olga , Ivanova Valentyna 
Published: March 2022

This paper has substantiated a modified method that, within the framework of the adaptive zero-order Brown’s model, provides for increased accuracy in predicting processes with unknown dynamics masked by the noise of various levels. The forecasting method modification essentially involves an adaptive technique for determining the weight of the correction of the previous forecast, taking into consideration the recurrent state of the predicted process in time. To investigate the accuracy of the forecasting method, a test model of the process dynamics was determined in the form of a rectangular pulse with unit amplitude. In addition, a model of additive masking noise was defined in the form of a discrete Gaussian process with a zero mean and a variable value of the mean square deviation. Based on determining the exponentially smoothed values of current absolute forecasting errors, the dynamics of forecast accuracy were examined for the modified and self-adjusting methods. It was found that for the mean quadratic deviation of the masking noise equal to 0.9, the smoothed absolute prediction error for the modified method does not exceed 23 %; for the self-adjusting method – 42 %. This means that the prediction accuracy for the modified method is about twice as high. In the case of an average square deviation of masking noise of 0.1, the smoothed absolute prediction error for the modified and self-adjusting methods is approximately the same and does not exceed 10 %. That means that at a low level of masking noise, both prediction methods provide approximately the same accuracy. However, with an increase in the level of masking noise, the self-adjusting method significantly loses the accuracy of the forecast to the proposed modified method.
Establishing regularities of wood protection against water absorption using a polymer shell
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Horbachova Oleksandra , Mazurchuk Serhii , Tsapko Аleksii , Sokolenko Kostiantyn , Matviichuk Andrii 
Published: March 2022

This paper has analyzed protective materials for timber building structures and established the need to devise reliable methods for studying the process of water absorption by the surface of the construction structure necessary for designing new types of fire-retardant materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for water absorption and to elucidate a mechanism for inhibiting the transfer of moisture to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model of the intensity of water mass transfer when using a polymer shell made of organic material as a coating has been built, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the polymer shell by the amount of water absorbed. Based on the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the intensity of absorption of water by wood was calculated; and it has been established that the protective coating reduces the amount of water absorbed by more than 20 times. The results of determining the weight gain by a sample during water exposure indicate an ambiguous impact of the nature of protection on water absorption. In particular, this implies the presence of data sufficient for the qualitative process of inhibition of moisture diffusion; and detecting, on its basis, the point in time when the drop in the coating's efficiency begins. Analysis of the results of experiments reveals that the maximum increase in mass in the case of water absorption by a non-treated sample of wood was 40 % while the increase in the mass of wood samples treated with mixtures of oil and paraffin was less than 28 %. At the same time, the best protection is shown by a mixture of oil with paraffin within 90÷95 %. Thus, there are grounds to assert the possibility of directed regulation of wood protection processes through the use of polymer coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of absorption of water.
Devising a method for processing the image of a vehicle's license plate when shooting with a smartphone camera
Authors: Khudov Hennadii , Makoveichuk Oleksandr , Misiuk Dmytro , Pievtsov Hennadii , Khizhnyak Irina , Solomonenko Yuriy , Yuzova Iryna , Cherneha Volodymyr , Vlasiuk Valerii , Khudov Vladyslav 
Published: March 2022

This paper reports an improved method for processing the image of a vehicle's license plate when shooting with a smartphone camera. The method for processing the image of a vehicle's license plate includes the following stages:
– enter the source data;
– split the video streaming into frames;
– preliminary process the image of a vehicle's license plate;
– find the area of a vehicle's license plate;
– refine character recognition using the signature of a vehicle's license plate;
– refine character recognition using the combined results from frames in the streaming video;
– obtain the result of processing.
Experimental studies were conducted on the processing of images of a vehicle's license plate. During the experimental studies, the license plate of a military vehicle (Ukraine) was considered. The original image was the color image of a vehicle. The results of experimental studies are given. A comparison of the quality of character recognition in a license plate has been carried out. It was established that the improved method that uses the combined results from streaming video frames works out efficiently at the end of the sequence. The improved method that employs the combined results from streaming video frames operates with numerical probability vectors.
The assessment of errors of the first and second kind in processing the image of a license plate was carried out. The total accuracy of finding the area of a license plate by known method is 61 % while the improved method's result is 76 %. It has been established that the minimization of errors of the first kind is more important than reducing errors of the second kind. If a license plate is incorrectly identified, these results would certainly be discarded at the character recognition stage.
Analyzing the kinetics in the filtration drying of crushed cotton stalks
Authors: Kobeyeva Zagira , Khussanov Alisher , Atamanyuk Volodymyr , Hnativ Zoriana , Kaldybayeva Botagoz , Janabayev Dauren , Gnylianska Lesia 
Published: March 2022

The drying of crushed plant-derived materials, in particular crushed cotton stems, is a complex heat-exchange and technological task. Resolving this task successfully ultimately determines the specific energy costs of the drying process and the quality of the resulting products. The rational drying regime of crushed cotton stems should ensure the minimum possible process duration, energy costs, and provide the necessary quality characteristics of the dried material. To address this issue, it is necessary to investigate the influence of technological parameters of the process (the temperature and filtration rate of the heat agent), as well as the thickness of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stems, on drying kinetics.
This paper has generalized experimental studies into the kinetics of filtration drying of crushed cotton stems during the period of complete saturation of the thermal agent with moisture.
The influence of the temperature of the drying agent, the speed of its filtering through a stationary layer of different heights of wet crushed cotton stems, on the kinetics of filtration drying has been shown. The study's results demonstrate the dynamics of moisture removal at different parameters of the heat agent and the heights of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stems.
The resulting dependence has been established, which is used to determine the value of the kinetic coefficient η for crushed cotton stems; the value of the kinetic coefficient has been calculated, a=20.74 1⁄m. The dependence has been derived, using which makes it possible to generalize the kinetics of filtration drying of crushed cotton stems during the period of complete saturation of the heat agent with moisture within the limits of changing the moisture content of the veneer
The comparison of the experimental data with those obtained theoretically has shown that the maximum absolute value of relative error does not exceed 15.2 %.
Studying the influence of berry extracts on the quality and safety indicators of half-smoked sausages
Authors: Pasichnyi Vasyl , Bozhko Nataliia , Tischenko Vasyl , Marynin Andriy , Shubina Yevgeniia , Svyatnenko Roman , Haschuk Oleksandra , Moroz Olena 
Published: March 2022

In order to prevent oxidative damage, an experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of berries extracts (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot and Ribes nigrum L.) in the production of half-smoked sausages. The recipe of half-smoked sausages with a polycomponent composition of raw materials includes semi-fat pork with muscle tissue, tendon-free lean pork, tendon-free Muscovy duck meat, side pork, hydrated bamboo fiber.
Berry extracts (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot and Ribes nigrum L.) at concentrations of 0.2–0.5 % to the weight of crude minced meat were added to the examined samples of minced meat. Sample No. 1 was a control, that is, made without the addition of extracts of berries.
During the storage of products with extracts, an acidic number, a peroxide number, a thiobarbituric number, and the predefined indicators of microbiological safety were determined.
The addition of chokeberry extract in the amount of 0.2–0.5 % to the minced meat weight significantly slows down the hydrolytic oxidation of lipids in finished products, effectively inhibits the peroxide oxidation of fat. The use of blackcurrant extract also has an antioxidant effect but is weaker. Stabilizing the peroxide oxidation of lipids in half-smoked sausages has the effect of inhibiting the formation of secondary oxidation products, which is confirmed by the results reported here. The amount of secondary oxidation products was the smallest at the end of the shelf life of the product with a concentration of chokeberry extract of 0.5 % and was 0.197±0.001 mg MA/kg, which is 3.74 times lower than that in the control.
The addition of extracts of chokeberry and black currant reduces microbiological contamination and has a bacteriostatic effect. The most effective is the introduction of chokeberry extract in the amount of 0.05 %, which reduces the oxidative damage to fat by more than three times.
Design of an intelligent system to control the technological system of ammonia production secondary condensation
Authors: Babichenko Anatolii , Kravchenko Yana , Babichenko Juliya , Lysachenko Ihor , Krasnikov Igor , Velma Volodymyr 
Published: March 2022

This paper has analyzed the functioning conditions for the technological system of secondary condensation (TSSC) in a typical ammonia synthesis unit of the AM-1360 series with the use of a system-control approach. The coordinates of control vectors and external disturbances have been determined. An algorithm has been developed for predicting the coordinates of the control vector for the subsystem of decision support under the conditions of external disturbances for such a complex inertial object with high metal consumption as TSSC.
The method of mathematical modeling was used to determine, based on the developed algorithm, the patterns and quantitative dependences of the influence of external disturbances such as the temperature of primary condensation and the flow rate of circulation gas on the efficiency of TSSC heat exchange processes. The regularity of increase in the heat flows and coordinates of control vector with an increase in the temperature of primary condensation has been established. The parametric sensitivity of the coordinates of the control vector under the conditions of change in the temperature of the primary condensation has been determined, which, compared with the circulation gas flow rate, exceeds it by more than six times.
The executed software implementation of the algorithm employing the MATLAB programming environment makes it possible, owing to the embedded client part (ORC client), free software access to the current data on the technological process. The functional structure of computer-integrated TSSC technology with the proposed correction subsystem under a supervisory control mode has been designed. Correction solutions involving the additional hardware and software based on the programmable logic controller VIPA and SCADA-system Zenon have been practically implemented.
The implementation of the developed system ensures the stabilization of the secondary condensation temperature at the regulatory level of −5 °C, which reduces the consumption of natural gas by almost 1 million nm3 per year.