bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of situational judgment tests for assessing non‐cognitive attributes of final year dental students
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Sethi Ahsan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveSituational judgment tests (SJT) have been previously used in the admission process of medical and dental undergraduate programs, but their utilization as an assessment tool is fairly new. The objective of this study was to explore essential non‐cognitive attributes of dental graduates. We also aimed to assess the attributes of final year dental students utilizing SJT and later collected participants’ reactions on the test.MethodsA mixed‐method exploratory sequential study was conducted. One‐on‐one and group discussions were done with subject matter experts (SMEs) to explore the essential attributes of fresh dental graduates. Based on the thematic analysis, 10 SJT items per domain were constructed by one group of SMEs and expert validated by a different group of SMEs and vice versa. The final dental‐SJT was piloted online on final year dental students and their perceptions were collected using a five‐point Likert scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha were calculated for the test.ResultsThe consultation with SMEs generated three main themes, namely, Conventional skills, Tribal skills, and Occupational skills. The 70‐item dental‐SJT piloted on 150 final year dental students revealed data were normally distributed. The internal reliability of test was good (0.738). Students scored highest in “management skills” (>70%) and lowest in “professional ethics” (56%) and “diverse experiences” (58%). The overall student perception about the test was good.ConclusionSJT is an effective tool to assess non‐cognitive attributes of dental students. It has an overall positive perception about perceived predictive validity, perceived fairness, face and content validity.
An investigation of preceptors' perceptions of behavioral elements of “professionalism” among genetic counseling students
Authors: Delk Paula , Bowling Isabella , Schroeder Courtney , Wilson Theodore E. , Wesson Melissa , Wetherill Leah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProfessionalism in health care is a loosely defined but increasingly studied concept. In genetic counseling, “professional development” expectations for entry‐level genetic counselors are described in the “Practice‐Based Competencies for Genetic Counselors,” but the teaching and evaluation of “professionalism” among genetic counseling students is relatively unexplored. This study investigated program leaders' and clinical supervisors' perceptions of professionalism demonstrated by genetic counseling graduate students to learn about their associated strengths and lapses. Members of program leadership and clinical supervisors at Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) accredited genetic counseling graduate programs in the United States and Canada were surveyed regarding their observations of genetic counseling students for the years 2017–2019 regarding four domains of professional behavior: integrity, accountability/conscientiousness, teamwork, and patient care, with the Merriam‐Webster definition of each behavior provided for each domain. Participants also provided open‐text descriptions. Descriptive results showed that the 263 participants found all facets of these professional behaviors to be essential. Patient care had the highest importance and was the domain with the most strengths observed among genetic counseling students. Lapses in professional behavior were identified for self‐awareness, time management, and thoroughness. Free responses noted that suggestions or strategies for education about professional behavior from ACGC may improve the professional behavior of genetic counseling students and in turn, genetic counselors. Participants voiced the importance of consideration of diverse professional and cultural backgrounds in setting the expectations for professional behavior among genetic counseling students and genetic counselors so that “professionalism” in genetic counseling is not defined through a White lens. Further investigation into challenges that genetic counseling students face regarding professional behavior during their graduate training and strategies for education about these behaviors will aid in the growth and improvement of the training of genetic counselors. Given the sensitive nature of this topic, portions of this discussion may be triggering for some readers.
Spanning trees in graphs of high minimum degree with a universal vertex II: A tight result
Authors: Reed Bruce , Stein Maya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe prove that, if is sufficiently large, every graph on vertices that has a universal vertex and minimum degree at least contains each tree with edges as a subgraph. Our result confirms, for large , an important special case of a conjecture by Havet, Reed, Stein, and Wood. The present paper builds on the results of a companion paper in which we proved the statement for all trees having a vertex that is adjacent to many leaves.
Age‐Dependent Changes in Knee Cartilage T1, T2, and T1pSimultaneously Measured Using MRI Fingerprinting
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Sharafi Azadeh , Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Chang Gregory , Cloos Martijn A. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMagnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) techniques have been recently described for simultaneous multiparameter cartilage mapping of the knee although investigation of their ability to detect early cartilage degeneration remains limited.PurposeTo investigate age‐dependent changes in knee cartilage T1, T2, and T1p relaxation times measured using a three‐dimensional (3D) MRF sequence in healthy volunteers.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThe study group consisted of 24 healthy asymptomatic human volunteers (15 males with mean age 34.9 ± 14.4 years and 9 females with mean age 44.5 ± 13.1 years).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T gradient‐echo‐based 3D‐MRF sequence was used to simultaneously create proton density‐weighted images and T1, T2, and T1p maps of knee cartilage.AssessmentMean global cartilage and regional cartilage (lateral femur, lateral tibia, medial femur, medial tibia, and patella) T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times of the knee were measured.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis tests were used to compared cartilage T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times between different age groups, while Spearman correlation coefficients was used to determine the association between age and cartilage T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsHigher age groups showed higher global and regional cartilage T1, T2, and T1ρ. There was a significant difference between age groups in global cartilage T2 and T1ρ but no significant difference (P = 0.13) in global cartilage T1. Significant difference was also present between age groups in cartilage T2 and T1ρ for medial femur cartilage and medial tibia cartilage. There were significant moderate correlations between age and T2 and T1ρ for global cartilage (R2 = 0.63–0.64), medial femur cartilage (R2 = 0.50–0.56), and medial tibia cartilage (R2 = 0.54–0.66).ConclusionCartilage T2 and T1p relaxation times simultaneously measured using a 3D‐MRF sequence in healthy volunteers showed age‐dependent changes in knee cartilage, primarily within the medial compartment.
The effects of surge pricing on driver behavior in the ride‐sharing market: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Miao Wei , Deng Yiting , Wang Wei , Liu Yongdong , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurge pricing has been used to coordinate supply and demand in the ride‐sharing industry, but its causal effects on driver behavior remain unclear. This motivates us to examine how surge pricing causally affects driver earnings and labor supply by leveraging a unique quasi‐experiment, in which a leading ride‐sharing company in China introduced surge pricing in two cities at different times. Using a difference‐in‐differences design with the causal forest method, we find that surge pricing led to increases in drivers' weekly revenue. Decomposing the weekly revenue into “intensive margin” and “extensive margin” factors, we discover two countervailing effects at play: a cherry‐picking effect and a competition effect, and the daily revenue decreased because the latter dominated. Consequently, the increased weekly revenue can be explained by the extensive margin: drivers worked on more days to compensate for the decreased daily revenue, a result consistent with the income targeting behavior. Finally, we examine heterogeneous treatment effects across drivers, and find that surge pricing enticed more part‐time drivers to flood the market and crowd out full‐time drivers, and that the increase in the drivers' weekly revenue was primarily driven by part‐time drivers. Therefore, the benefit of surge pricing was unevenly distributed across drivers.
Clinical effects of the adjunctive use of polynucleotide and hyaluronic acid‐based gel in the subgingival re‐instrumentation of residual periodontal pockets: A randomized, split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: Pilloni Andrea , Rojas Mariana A. , Trezza Cinzia , Carere Mauro , De Filippis Alessandro , Marsala Rosalia L. , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolynucleotides (PN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been effective in stimulating the growth of primary gingival fibroblasts and promoting wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a gel containing PN and HA used in association with subgingival re‐instrumentation in the treatment of residual periodontal pockets.MethodsFifty patients were enrolled in a randomized, split‐mouth, single‐blind, clinical trial. For each patient, two teeth with similar residual pockets with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm were selected to receive re‐instrumentation with (test group) or without (control group) the adjunctive use of a PN and HA‐based gel. Differences in changes of PD, gingival recession, clinical attachment level (CAL), modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), plaque index (PI) from baseline to 6, 8, 24, 36, and 48 weeks were analyzed and the frequencies of sites with PD ≤4 mm at 48 weeks were compared.ResultsAt 48 weeks, the test group showed better results in terms of PD reduction (2.08 ± 1.24 vs. 1.94 ± 1.19, p = 0.533) and sites with PD ≤4 mm (38/50 vs. 35/50, p = 0.499), although not statistically significant. Similarly, CAL gain was comparable between groups (test: 0.50 ± 1.85 vs. control: 0.36 ± 1.80, p = 0.700). Significantly higher reduction in mSBI was recorded in the test group only in sites with baseline PD ≥6 mm (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe adjunctive use of a PN and HA‐based gel could help to ensure a greater reduction of clinical parameters of inflammation in deep residual pockets.
Description and prediction of copper contents in soils using different modeling approaches—Results of long‐term monitoring of soils of northern Germany
Authors: Ludwig Bernard , Klüver Karen , Filipinski Marek , Greenberg Isabel , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Cordsen Eckhard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifferent regression approaches may be useful to predict dynamics of copper (Cu), an essential element for plants and microorganisms that becomes toxic at increased contents, in soils.AimOur objective was to explore the usefulness of mixed‐effects modeling and rule‐based models for a description and prediction of Cu contents in aqua regia (CuAR) in surface soils using site, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) as predictors.MethodsThree sites in northern Germany were intensively monitored with respect to CuAR and SOC contents, pH, and CEC. Data analysis consisted of calibrations using the entire data set and of calibration/validation approaches with and without spiking.ResultsThere was no consistent temporal trend, so data could be combined for the subsequent regressions. Calibration using the entire data set and calibration/validation after random splitting (i.e., pseudo‐independent validation) were successful for mixed‐effects and cubist models, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients rs ranging from 0.83 to 0.91 and low root mean squared errors (RMSEs). Both algorithms included SOC, CEC, and pH as essential predictors, whereas site was important only in the mixed‐effects models. Three‐fold partitioning of the data according to site to create independent validations was again successful for the respective calibrations, but validation results were variable, with rs ranging from 0.04 to 0.76 and generally high RMSEs. Spiking the calibration samples resulted in generally marked improvements of the validations, with rs ranging from 0.45 to 0.67 and lower RMSEs.ConclusionsOverall, the information provided by SOC, pH, and CEC is beneficial for predicting CuAR contents in a closed population of sites using either mixed‐effects or cubist models. However, for a prediction of CuAR dynamics at new sites in the region, spiking is required.
Perioperative medication management for older people
Authors: Johnson Samuel , Haywood Cilla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe average age of surgical candidates is increasing with the ageing population worldwide. Major surgery in older patients is associated with a significant risk of complications due to physiologic changes occurring with ageing and individual patient factors such as frailty, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity. Periodic medication review should be part of the routine management of all older patients, with the perioperative period presenting an opportune time for this review. Regular medications may need short‐term modification during the surgical period. Medications implicated in increasing risk of inducing or worsening delirium should be identified and withdrawal considered ahead of time. Perioperative commencement of medication aimed at reducing risk of other complications, including cardiovascular events, should be considered on an individual basis, analysing risks and benefits. Comprehensive medication review and careful planning through the perioperative period may enhance the prospects of recovery and reduce morbidity and mortality for older surgical patients.
Design of glucono‐δ‐lactone‐induced pinto bean protein isolate/κ‐carrageenan mixed gels with various microstructures: fabrication, characterization, and release behavior
Authors: Aliabbasi Neda , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Askari Gholamreza , Salami Maryam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein gels are used for different purposes, such as providing good texture, serving as fat replacers, and enhancing the nutritional and functional characteristics of foods. They can also deliver controlled release agents for sensitive drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of κ‐carrageenan (kcr) concentration (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 mg g−1) on the morphological and physicochemical properties and release behavior of glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL)‐induced pinto bean protein aggregate (PBA) gels.RESULTSWhen κ‐carrageenan concentration increased from 0 to 1.5 and 3 mg.g−1, the firmness of the samples increased significantly, by 2.04 and 3.7 fold, respectively (P < 0.05). A compact and homogenous network with considerable strength and maximum water‐holding capacity (97.52 ± 1.17%) was obtained with the addition of 3 mg g−1 κ‐carrageenan to the gel system. Further increasing the κ‐carrageenan concentration to 4.5 mg g−1 produced a coarse gel structure with higher storage modulus (G′), firmness (6.30‐fold), thermal stability, and entrapment efficiency (85.6%). Depending on the κ‐carrageenan concentration, various microstructures from protein continuous phase to κ‐carrageenan continuous phase were observed. The release test indicated that 70.25% of the loaded curcumin was released in the simulated gastrointestinal tract for pure PBA gels. In contrast, for binary gels containing 4.5 mg g−1 κ‐carrageenan, curcumin was protected in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and 64.45% of loaded curcumin was delivered to the colon.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that κ‐carrageenan/PBA gels had high entrapment efficiency and could protect curcumin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The hydrogels are therefore very valuable for colon‐targeting delivery purposes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Zhang Jing , Wang Cong , Guo Gang , Huo Wenjie , Xia Chengqiang , Chen Lei , Zhang Yawei , Pei Caixia , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsidering the high energy demand of lactation and the potential of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition on the increase in creatine supply for cows, the present study investigated the effects of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) of GAA supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. The study used 40 mid‐lactation multiparous Holstein cows and the study duration was 100 days.ResultsDM intake was not affected, but milk and milk component yields and feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing GAA addition. The total‐tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and non‐fibre carbohydrates increased linearly and that of crude protein increased quadratically with increasing GAA addition. When the addition level of GAA increased, ruminal pH, molar percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate and the acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased linearly, and the total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate molar percentage also increased linearly, whereas the acetate molar percentage and ammonia‐N concentration were unaltered. The activities of fibrolytic enzymes, α‐amylase and protease increased linearly. The populations of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola increased linearly, whereas protozoa and methanogens decreased linearly with increasing GAA addition. As for the blood metabolites, concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen and methionine were unchanged, total protein, albumin, creatine and homocysteine increased linearly, and folate decreased linearly with increasing GAA supply.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that supplementation of GAA improved milk performance and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Incidence of Sinus Inflammation After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Henry Laura E. , Eide Jacob G. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Tong Charles C. L. , Kuan Edward C. , Poonia Seerat K. , Storm Phillip B. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe extended endonasal approach has been utilized in the resection of anterior skull base lesions in the pediatric population. There are unique challenges to these patients in the post‐operative setting, including patient compliance with medical therapy and post‐operative debridements, and a smaller nasal airway that may increase propensity toward scarring. Our objective for this study is to evaluate the incidence of post‐operative radiographic inflammation in this patient population using the Lund‐Mackay (LM) score.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic approach to the skull base between 2009 and 2021 was performed. Demographic and clinicopathologic data and pre‐ and post‐operative imaging were analyzed. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple pairwise comparisons statistical tests were used to compare mean LM scores between groups.ResultsSeventy‐two patients (52 males, 20 females) were identified with a median follow‐up of 27 months. All patients underwent an extended endonasal approach for resection of skull base lesions. The mean LM scores were compared between pre‐operative MRI, first post‐operative MRI > 30 days after surgery, and most recent post‐operative MRI. One‐way ANOVA was performed with significant differences noted between the groups (p < 0.001). Tukey multiple pairwise comparisons test was then performed and noted significant differences between the pre‐operative and first post‐operative LM (p < 0.0001) and the first post‐operative and most recent LM (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference noted between the pre‐operative LM score and most recent LM score (p = 0.14).ConclusionDespite concerns regarding possible subsequent development of chronic rhinosinusitis following endoscopic skull base surgery in pediatric patients, the current study suggests that transient radiographic evidence of sinus inflammation can be seen up to six months postoperatively, which appears to resolve by approximately two years after surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2014–2017, 2023
Photolithographically Patterned Cell‐Repellent PEG‐b‐PTHPMA Diblock Copolymer for Guided Cell Adhesion and Growth
Authors: Kourti Dimitra , Kanioura Anastasia , Manouras Theodore , Vamvakaki Maria , Argitis Panagiotis , Chatzichristidi Margarita , Kakabakos Sotirios , Petrou Panagiota 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurfaces for guided cell adhesion and growth are indispensable in several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Towards this direction, four diblock copolymers comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(2‐tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate) (PTHPMA) are synthesized employing PEG macroinitiators of different chain lengths. The copolymer with a 5000 Da PEG block and a PEG‐PTHPMA comonomers weight ratio of 43–57 provides a film with the highest stability in the culture medium and the strongest cell repellent properties. This copolymer is used to develop a positive photolithographic material and create stripe patterns onto silicon substrates. The highest selectivity regarding smooth muscle cell adhesion and growth and the highest fidelity of adhered cells for up to 3 days in culture is achieved for stripe patterns with widths between 25 and 27.5 µm. Smooth muscle cells cultured on such patterned substrates exhibit a decrease in their proliferation rate and nucleus area and an increase in their major axis length, compared to the cells cultured onto non‐patterned substrates. These alterations are indicative of the adoption of a contractile rather than a synthetic phenotype of the smooth muscle cells grown onto the patterned substrates and demonstrate the potential of the novel photolithographic material and patterning method for guided cell adhesion and growth.
Biodegradable, Solvent‐Free Photocrosslinkable PLLA Resin Formulations for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Pal Shibam , S. K. Asha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcrylate end‐functionalized linear and star poly l‐lactide (PLLA) based aliphatic, photocurable oligomeric crosslinkers are developed, which are formulated with hydroxyl (ethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) as a biodegradable reactive diluent to demonstrate successful application for solvent‐less 3D printing using digital light processing (DLP) technique as well as a custom‐designed direct ink writing 3D printer. The resin formulation for 3D printing is optimized using spot curing, photodifferential scanning calorimetry and cure depth analysis. The 3D printed parts exhibit promising mechanical property along with improved hydrophilicity and biodegradability. The development of new photocurable resin formulations are expected to meet the growing demand for raw materials that can be applied for developing custom designed bio implantable objects.