bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single tertiary cancer center experience on the management of pT3b prostate cancer after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Authors: Nayak Arvind , El-Taji Omar , Sukumar Sugeeta , Piedad John , Ghose Aruni , Hughes Rob , Alonzi Roberto , Ostler Peter , Sharma Anand , Lane Tim , Adshead Jim , Vasdev Nikhil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Pathological involvement of the seminal vesicle poses a treatment dilemma following robotic prostatectomy. Margin status plays an important role in deciding further management. A wide range of treatment options are available, including active monitoring, adjuvant radiotherapy, salvage radiotherapy, and occasionally androgen deprivation therapy. Patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy tend to have higher risk of urinary and bowel morbidities. The recent RADICALS-RT concluded that adjuvant radiotherapy did not have any benefit compared with salvage radiotherapy. We aim to audit the incidence, margin status, and management of T3b cancer cases at our center.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients diagnosed with pathological T3b (pT3b) prostate cancer following robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy from January 2012 to July 2020. Preoperative parameters analyzed included prostate-specific antigen (PSA), T stage, and age. A chi-square test and 2-tailed t test were used to determine the relationship between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to assess overall survival in patients with pT3b prostate cancer and used to compare unadjusted progression-free survival among those who underwent adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy.

Results
A total of 83 (5%) of 1665 patients who underwent robotic prostatectomy were diagnosed with pT3b prostate cancer between January 2012 and July 2020. Among these, 36 patients (44%) did not receive any radiotherapy during follow-up, compared with 26 patients (31%) who received adjuvant radiotherapy and 21 (25%) who received salvage radiotherapy. The median age of our cohort was 64 (SD, 6.4) years. Mean PSA at presentation was 12.7 μg/L. Positive margins were seen in 36 patients (43%); however, there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups (p = 0.49). The median overall survival was 96%. There was no significant difference between the adjuvant and salvage groups in terms of biochemical progression-free survival (p = 0.66). Five-year biochemical progression-free survival was 94% for those in the adjuvant radiotherapy group and 97% for those in the salvage radiotherapy group.

Conclusions
Our audit corroborates with the recently concluded RADICALS-RT study, although we had fewer patients with positive margins. Radiotherapy can be avoided in patients with T3b prostate cancer, even if margin is positive, until there is definitive evidence of PSA recurrence. In keeping with the conclusion of RADICALS-RT, salvage radiotherapy may be preferable to adjuvant radiotherapy.
Learning curve for magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy in detecting prostate cancer using cumulative sum analysis
Authors: Xu Linhan , Ye Nancy Yating , Lee Adrianna , Chopra Jasleen , Naslund Michael , Wong-You-Cheong Jade , Wnorowski Amelia , Siddiqui Mohummad Minhaj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Targeted magnetic resonance (MR) with ultrasound (US) fusion–guided biopsy has been shown to improve detection of prostate cancer. The implementation of this approach requires integration of skills from radiologists and urologists. Objective methods for assessment of learning curves, such as cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis, may be helpful in identifying the presence and duration of a learning curve. The aim of this study is to determine the learning curve for MR/US fusion–guided biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer using CUSUM analysis.

Materials and methods
Retrospective analysis was performed in this institutional review board–approved study. Two urologists implemented an MR/US fusion–guided prostate biopsy program between March 2015 and September 2017. The primary outcome measure was cancer detection rate (CDR) stratified by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores assigned on the MR imaging. Cumulative sum analysis quantified actual cancer detection versus a predetermined target satisfactory CDR of MR/US fusion biopsies in a sequential case-by-case basis. For this analysis, satisfactory performance was defined as >80% CDR in patients with PI-RADS 5, >50% in PI-RADS 4, and <20% in PI-RADS 1–3.

Results
Complete data were available for MR/US fusion–guided biopsies performed on 107 patients. The CUSUM learning curve analysis demonstrated intermittent underperformance until approximately 50 cases. After this inflection point, there was consistently good performance, evidence that no further learning curve was being encountered.

Conclusions
At a new center implementing MR/US fusion–guided prostate biopsy, the learning curve was approximately 50 cases before a consistently high performance for prostate cancer detection.
Isolated ventral congenital penile curvature treated by incisionless plication of tunica albuginea in adults: A prospective case series
Authors: Gadelkareem Rabea A. , Elgendy Mohammed A. , Kurkar Adel , El-Taher Ahmed M. , Abdelkawi Islam F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Numerous surgical techniques are available for the correction of isolated ventral congenital penile curvature (IVCPC). This study aimed to assess the outcomes and predictors of IVCPC treatment in adults using an incisionless plication technique.

Materials and methods
This prospective case series examined patients with IVCPC who were treated in our hospital between October 2017 and February 2020 using incisionless plication of the tunica albuginea (Essed-Schroeder technique) with a covering pair of absorbable sutures. The primary outcomes were successful correction (defined as a residual curvature ≤15 degrees) and patient satisfaction. Postoperative follow-ups were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results
A total of 23 patients were treated for IVCPC with a mean (range) age of 25.3 (18–31) years. Eighteen patients (78.3%) were single with cosmetic complaints, whereas the other 5 patients (21.7%) were married and presented with a difficult vaginal intromission. The mean (range) curvature, length, and operative time were 40 (30–50) degrees, 15 (10–19) cm, and 82 (65–100) minutes, respectively. Postoperative penile pain and numbness occurred in 13 patients (56.5 %) and 7 patients (30.4%) only within the first month, respectively. Palpable suture knots were reported in 15 patients (65.5%) without being bothersome up to 12 months. The postoperative means (ranges) of penile curvature and length were significantly different from that of the preoperative values at 3 (5 [0–20] degrees and 14.5 [9–18.5] cm), 6 (5 [0–20] degrees and 14.5 [9–18.5] cm), and 12 months (5 [0–30] degrees and 14.5 [9–18.5] cm; all p < 0.001). Age, preoperative penile curvature, penile length, postoperative pain, wound infections, and knot palpation insignificantly affected curvature recurrence. Seventeen patients (73.9%) were very satisfied with their surgical outcomes.

Conclusions
Incisionless plication of the tunica albuginea is effective and safe for the correction of IVCPC in adults with high success and patient satisfaction rates.
Comparison of Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Between Patients With and Without Concomitant COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mohsenizadeh Seyed Abolfazl , Alidoosti Mohammad , Jalali Arash , Tofighi Saeed , Salarifar Mojtaba , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Jenab Yaser , Ahmadian Tahere 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
COVID-19 infection can involve the cardiovascular system and worsen the prognosis of the patients. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of COVID-19 on angiographic and clinical outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-elevation MI and compare results with those patients without COVID-19 disease.

Methods:
The study was a retrospective observational cohort, in which patients presented with ST-elevation MI from February 2020 to April 2021, treated with primary PCI were divided into 2 groups based on the COVID-19 infection. Then, the procedural and angiographic indices and also clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
A total of 1150 patients were enrolled in the study. Those with established COVID-19 infection had worse baseline thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade and also were at higher risk for worse procedural outcomes such as lower thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count, myocardial blush grade, and slow-flow coronary disease, after the primary PCI. Additionally, the presence of COVID-19 at the time of primary PCI was related to a significantly higher duration of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Given the potential impact of other factors on outcomes, analysis for all of the primary endpoints was done again after adjustment of these factors and the results were the same as before, suggesting the independent effect of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions:
The concomitant COVID-19 infection in the patients undergoing primary PCI is associated with significantly worse angiographic, procedural and clinical outcomes. Surprisingly, this finding is regardless of patients’ baseline risk factors and demographical characteristics.
Social determinants of recovery
Authors: Jain Snigdha , Hauschildt Katrina , Scheunemann Leslie P. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to examine evidence describing the influence of social determinants on recovery following hospitalization with critical illness. In addition, it is meant to provide insight into the several mechanisms through which social factors influence recovery as well as illuminate approaches to addressing these factors at various levels in research, clinical care, and policy.

Recent findings
Social determinants of health, ranging from individual factors like social support and socioeconomic status to contextual ones like neighborhood deprivation, are associated with disability, cognitive impairment, and mental health after critical illness. Furthermore, many social factors are reciprocally related to recovery wherein the consequences of critical illness such as financial toxicity and caregiver burden can put essential social needs under strain turning them into barriers to recovery.

Summary
Recovery after hospitalization for critical illness may be influenced by many social factors. These factors warrant attention by clinicians, health systems, and policymakers to enhance long-term outcomes of critical illness survivors.
Advancements in therapeutics for inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Turner Alicia , Glinton Kevin E. , Sutton V. Reid 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of reviewTo present new therapeutic modalities for inborn errors of metabolism that are in clinical trials or recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to improve pediatricians’ understanding of therapies their patients with inborn errors of metabolism receive.Recent findingsNew therapies that move beyond the old standard modalities of recombinant human enzyme therapies, diet and medications have been recently approved by the US FDA to include nonhuman enzyme therapies, gene therapy and chaperone therapies.SummaryThese new therapies offer more therapeutic options for individuals with inborn errors of metabolism. These new therapies have the potential to improve patient compliance and outcomes. Many other novel modalities are in the development pipeline, and are likely to transform the management of inborn errors of metabolism over the coming decade.
A Correlational Study Exploring Nurse Work Anxiety and Animal-Assisted Therapy
Authors: Coto Jeffrey A. , Ohlendorf Erika K. , Cinnamon Andrea E. , Ellis Teresa L. , Ondrey Margaret A. , Bartuch Paige 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to perform a correlational study to explore nurse work anxiety.

BACKGROUND
Nurses experience work anxiety with chronic stressful situations, high-acuity assignments, and rigorous patient care standards. The purpose of this study was to determine whether animal-assisted therapy during active worked hours would reduce nurse work-related anxiety.

METHODS
Animal-assisted therapy interventions were performed for both day and night shifts. Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tool was used pre and post intervention. Each nurse interacted with the therapy dog for at least 10 minutes.

RESULTS
Pet-assisted therapy as an intervention for nurses during work reduced work-related anxiety (t = 5.878, P < 0.05). A Pearson's correlational study displayed a strong positive correlation between the animal-assisted therapy and reduction in BAI scores (r = 0.7717, R2
= 0.5955).

CONCLUSION
This prospective study has shown that nurse work anxiety significantly decreased during worked hours of active bedside care when the nurses actively engaged with a therapy dog.
A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of Fumarate Hydratase–deficient Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Fuchs Talia L. , Luxford Catherine , Clarkson Adele , Sheen Amy , Sioson Loretta , Elston Marianne , Croxson Michael S. , Dwight Trisha , Benn Diana E. , Tacon Lyndal , Field Michael , Ahadi Mahsa S. , Chou Angela , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J. , Gill Anthony J. 
Published: August 2022

Up to 40% of pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are hereditary. Germline mutations/deletions infumarate hydratase(FH) cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome which manifests predominantly with FH-deficient uterine/cutaneous leiomyomas and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs)—tumors characterized by loss of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of FH and/or positive staining for S-(2-succino)-cysteine. Occasional patients develop PCC/PGL. We investigated the incidence, morphologic, and clinical features of FH-deficient PCC/PGL. We identified 589 patients with PCC/PGLs that underwent IHC screening for FH and/or S-(2-succino)-cysteine. Eight (1.4%) PCC/PGLs were FH deficient (1.1% in an unselected population). The median age for FH-deficient cases was 55 (range: 30 to 77 y) with 50% arising in the adrenal. All 4 with biochemical data were noradrenergic. Two (25%) metastasized, 1 dying of disease after 174 months. Germline testing was performed on 7 patients, 6 of whom hadFHmissense mutations. None were known to have a significant family history before presentation or developed cutaneous leiomyomas, or FH-deficient RCC at extended follow-up. The patient wild-type forFHon germline testing was demonstrated to have somaticFHmutation and loss of heterozygosity corresponding to areas of subclonal FH deficiency in her tumor. One patient did not undergo germline testing, butFHmutation was demonstrated in his tumor. We conclude that FH-deficient PCC/PGL are underrecognized but can be identified by IHC. FH-deficient PCC/PGL are strongly associated with germline missense mutations but are infrequently associated with leiomyoma or RCC, suggesting there may be a genotype-phenotype correlation. FH-deficient PCC/PGL may have a higher metastatic risk.
“Correlation Between Capsular Contracture Rates and Access Incision Location in Vertical Augmentation Mastopexy”
Authors: Bresnick Stephen D. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Plastic surgeons commonly utilize one of three access incisions to place breast implants during vertical augmentation mastopexy, including inframammary, vertical, and periareolar. It is not known whether there is a correlation between capsular contracture and access incision location. The purpose of this study was to investigate in a single-surgeon series, the incidence of capsular contracture associated with access incision locations in silicone vertical augmentation mastopexy.

Methods:
Patients undergoing a vertical augmentation mastopexy between 2013 and 2017 were studied retrospectively. All patients underwent a standardized, dual-plane breast augmentation with smooth surface silicone gel implants. Patients were evaluated one-year postoperatively by the Baker scale.

Results:
A total of 322 patients met study criteria. Eighty-four had periareolar access, 86 had vertical access, and 152 had inframammary access. There were no differences in patient age or mean implant size between the groups. The capsular contracture rate of the periareolar group was 5.36%, while the vertical access group rate was 3.48% and the inframammary access group rate was 1.64%. Capsular contracture rates correlated inversely to the distance to the nipple-areolar complex, with the periareolar access rates the highest, the vertical access rates intermediate, and the inframammary access rates the lowest. Inframammary incisions were associated with lower capsular contracture rates than periareolar incisions when performed in conjunction with vertical augmentation mastopexy (p = 0.043). Vertical access capsular contracture rates were intermediate between periareolar and inframammary.

Conclusions:
Surgeons should take into consideration the capsular contracture rates associated with access incision location when planning or performing vertical augmentation mastopexy.
Zygomatic implants through a face-lift approach: Analysis of 30-years experience
Authors: Pelle-Ceravolo Mario , Angelini Matteo 
Published: August 2022

Background:The use of zygomatic implants has been mostly replaced by fat-grafting in rhytidectomy procedures. Further, surgeons using implants prefer the intraoral approach. We aimed to describe and emphasize the usefulness of the preauricular approach as the best approach for this operation and underline the value of cheek implants as an alternative and/or as an adjunct to fat grafting during facelift procedures for midfacial rejuvenation.Methods:A retrospective study of 350 patients who underwent facelift procedures with silicone malar implant placement via a preauricular approach was conducted. Postoperative photographs of all patients were examined by two doctors for postoperative volume adequacy, naturalness of appearance, and improvement in asymmetry. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire with an ordinal scale.Results:The large majority of patients (338/350, 96.5%) were “completely satisfied” or “satisfied” with the aesthetic outcome. The complication rate was very low and comparable to data reported in current literature.Conclusions:The application of cheek implants proved to be a great tool for midfacial volume rejuvenation with or without associated fat-grafting. This conclusion was drawn from the answers reported in the questionnaires completed by the two examiners. The main challenges in this surgery was the choice of the type, shape, and size of the implant. The preauricular approach should be given preference during this procedure because, compared to the other approaches, it is easier, faster, and more comfortable for both the patient and the surgeon.
Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumoperitoneum After Combined Abdominoplasty and Liposuction
Authors: Nasr Hani Y. , Levine Jamie P. , Chiu Ernest S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLiposuction is a relatively safe surgical procedure, with most complications being minor in nature. However, there are a few life-threatening complications that should not be underestimated. We present a case of a patient who developed bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum after combined liposuction and abdominoplasty. Although this presentation is rare, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, and/or abdominal pain after liposuction.
Quantification of Facial Allograft Edema During Acute Rejection
Authors: Boczar Daniel , Brydges Hilliard , Rodriguez Colon Ricardo , Onuh Ogechukwu C. , Trilles Jorge , Chaya Bachar F. , Gelb Bruce , Ceradini Daniel J. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Acute rejection (AR) is a common complication in facial transplant (FT) patients associated with allograft edema and erythema. Our study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using software-based 3-dimensional (3D) facial analysis to quantify edema as it resolves during/after AR treatment in an FT patient.

Methods
Our patient is a 23-year-old man who underwent a face and bilateral hand allotransplant in August 2020. The Vectra H1 (Canfield, Fairfield, NJ) portable scanner was used to capture 3D facial images at 8 time points between postoperative day (POD) 392 and 539. The images were analyzed with the Vectra Software using a rejection-free image (POD 539) as a control.

Results
Edema increased in the periorbital, lower third, and submandibular regions before AR treatment (POD 392–415). At POD 448, total facial edema was reduced to near baseline values in response to plasmapheresis and thymoglobulin (+156.94 to +28.2 mL). The fastest and most notable response to treatment was seen in the periorbital region, while some edema remained in the submandibular (+19.79 mL) and right lower third (+8.65 mL) regions. On POD 465, after the initial improvement, the edema increased but was resolved with steroid use. Facial edema did not correlate with the histopathological evaluation in our patient.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the feasibility of analyzing 3D facial images to quantify edema during/after AR treatment in an FT patient. Our analysis detected edema changes consistent with AR followed by an improvement after treatment. This technology shows promise for noninvasive monitoring of FT patients.
Scalable Bayesian phylogenetics
Authors: Fisher Alexander A. , Hassler Gabriel W. , Ji Xiang , Baele Guy , Suchard Marc A. , Lemey Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in Bayesian phylogenetics offer substantial computational savings to accommodate increased genomic sampling that challenges traditional inference methods. In this review, we begin with a brief summary of the Bayesian phylogenetic framework, and then conceptualize a variety of methods to improve posterior approximations via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. Specifically, we discuss methods to improve the speed of likelihood calculations, reduce MCMC burn-in, and generate better MCMC proposals. We apply several of these techniques to study the evolution of HIV virulence along a 1536-tip phylogeny and estimate the internal node heights of a 1000-tip SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree in order to illustrate the speed-up of such analyses using current state-of-the-art approaches. We conclude our review with a discussion of promising alternatives to MCMC that approximate the phylogenetic posterior.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Genomic population structures of microbial pathogens’.
Recent progress on methods for estimating and updating large phylogenies
Authors: Zaharias Paul , Warnow Tandy 
Published: August 2022

With the increased availability of sequence data and even of fully sequenced and assembled genomes, phylogeny estimation of very large trees (even of hundreds of thousands of sequences) is now a goal for some biologists. Yet, the construction of these phylogenies is a complex pipeline presenting analytical and computational challenges, especially when the number of sequences is very large. In the past few years, new methods have been developed that aim to enable highly accurate phylogeny estimations on these large datasets, including divide-and-conquer techniques for multiple sequence alignment and/or tree estimation, methods that can estimate species trees from multi-locus datasets while addressing heterogeneity due to biological processes (e.g. incomplete lineage sorting and gene duplication and loss), and methods to add sequences into large gene trees or species trees. Here we present some of these recent advances and discuss opportunities for future improvements.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Genomic population structures of microbial pathogens’.