bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing adherence and persistence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Farinha José Maria , Jones Ian D , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, which can be prevented by the use of oral anticoagulation. Although non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have become the first choice for stroke prevention in the majority of patients with non-valvular AF, adherence and persistence to these medications remain suboptimal, which may translate into poor health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Factors influencing adherence and persistence have been suggested to be patient-related, physician-related, and healthcare system-related. In this review, we discuss factors influencing patient adherence and persistence to NOACs and possible problem solving strategies, especially involving an integrated care management, aiming for the improvement in patient outcomes and treatment satisfaction.
The Benefits of Friendliness: The Consequences of Positive Interpersonal Relations for Interstate Politics
Authors: Heimann Gadi , Kampf Zohar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While most international relations (IR) scholars tend to minimize the effect of relations between statespersons on foreign policy, this article argues that interpersonal relationships have more weight than the literature suggests. On the basis of twenty-one interviews conducted with senior Israeli statespersons, we propose a two-level model-linking positive interaction between statespersons and actual consequences at the state level. At the personal level, positive interactions can create receptiveness, build trust, facilitate accessibility and availability, and advance personal commitment. Translating these outcomes into consequences at the state level is mediated either by persuasion or by commitment. If persuasion is effective or there exists a high level of personal commitment, statespersons are more likely to succeed in mobilizing international support, removing obstacles to agreements, gathering sensitive information, and diffusing interstate tension. We conclude by discussing the limitations and advantages of good personal relations between statespersons and their implications for IR practice and theory.
EdgeCrafting: mining embedded, latent, nonlinear patterns to construct gene relationship networks
Authors: Husain Benafsh , Reed Bender Matthew , Alex Feltus Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms that coordinate cellular gene expression are highly complex and intricately interconnected. Thus, it is necessary to move beyond a fully reductionist approach to understanding genetic information flow and begin focusing on the networked connections between genes that organize cellular function. Continued advancements in computational hardware, coupled with the development of gene correlation network algorithms, provide the capacity to study networked interactions between genes rather than their isolated functions. For example, gene coexpression networks are used to construct gene relationship networks using linear metrics such as Spearman or Pearson correlation. Recently, there have been tools designed to deepen these analyses by differentiating between intrinsic vs extrinsic noise within gene expression values, identifying different modules based on tissue phenotype, and capturing potential nonlinear relationships. In this report, we introduce an algorithm with a novel application of image-based segmentation modalities utilizing blob detection techniques applied for detecting bigenic edges in a gene expression matrix. We applied this algorithm called EdgeCrafting to a bulk RNA-sequencing gene expression matrix comprised of a healthy kidney and cancerous kidney data. We then compared EdgeCrafting against 4 other RNA expression analysis techniques: Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis, Knowledge Independent Network Construction, NetExtractor, and Differential gene expression analysis.
Participatory research in health promotion: a critical review and illustration of rationales
Authors: Harting Janneke , Kruithof Kasper , Ruijter Lotte , Stronks Karien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn health promotion research, enthusiasm for patient and public involvement (PPI) is growing. However, a lack of conceptual clarity leads to ambiguities in participatory processes and purposes, and hampers efforts to achieve and evaluate PPI in research. This study provides an overview of its underlying reasons—or rationales—so as to better understand, guide and interpret PPI in research practice. We conducted a critical review to identify typologies of rationales for PPI. We re-categorized the different types of rationales from these typologies based on their content. We illustrated the resulting categories of rationales with examples from a case study on PPI in research on Lyme disease. Five categories of rationales for PPI were identified. The democratic rationale reflects the normative right of citizens to have a voice in research. The consumerist rationale refers to the economic right of stakeholders with interests to have a say. Rooted in social justice, the transformative rationale seeks to empower marginalized groups. The substantive rationale starts from epistemic considerations and aims to improve the quality of knowledge that research generates. The instrumental rationale is of pragmatic origin and refers to improved efficiency and effectiveness of the research. Our overview of categories of rationales can be used as a frame of reference for PPI in health promotion research. Exploring, stating explicitly and reflecting on the underlying reasons for PPI may help to define realistic purposes, select matching approaches and design appropriate evaluation studies. This might also contribute to the conceptualization of PPI.
Modeling carbon dioxide emission of countries in southeast of Asia by applying artificial neural network
Authors: Komeili Birjandi Ali , Fahim Alavi Morteza , Salem Mohamed , Assad Mamdouh El Haj , Prabaharan Natarajan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Energy and economy play a substantial role in environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases. CO2 is one of the greenhouses that is hugely produced in industrial processes and other human being activities. The major share of CO2 emission is related to the energy-related activities. As a result, modeling the amount of produced CO2 by utilization of different energy sources must be considered. Moreover, by considering economic indicators such as gross domestic product, the accuracy of the model could be improved. In the present work, artificial neural network (ANN) with two transfer functions including normalized radial basis and tansig is used to model CO2 production of different countries in Southeast Asia including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Vietnam. It is observed that using the network with normalized radial basis and 11 neurons in the hidden layer provides the model with the highest precision with an R2 of 0.9997 while the optimal architecture of the network using tansig function provides a model with R2 of 0.9996.
Is It Friendship? An Analysis of Contemporary German–Israeli Relations
Authors: Berenskötter Felix , Mitrani Mor 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis article explores the nature of the contemporary “special relationship” between Germany and Israel. Having emerged out of the ashes of the Second World War and the Holocaust, political relations between these two states are widely seen as having successfully undergone a process of reconciliation. A key feature is German support for Israel, usually understood as a constant attempt to pay off a historical debt in exchange for rehabilitation and recognition of Germany as a “good state.” The article probes another interpretation by asking whether contemporary German–Israeli relations have reached the stage of friendship, a relationship structured by care rather than guilt. To this end, it presents an original conceptual framework of interstate friendship as a bond of shared memories and visions that enable a common orientation toward the past and the future both sides are committed to invest in. Applied to an interpretive analysis of the “sharedness” of the memory of the Holocaust and the vision of a secure Israel, the paper finds strong evidence for the former yet significant gaps in the latter, concluding that relations between the states of Germany and Israel still fall short of friendship.
Understanding Online Harms and How to Fix the Problem
Authors: Simmons Abigail , Short Emma , Phippen Andy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From cyberbullying to stalking and transphobia, online harms are damaging lives. Abigail Simmons of Trans Tent, Dr Emma Short of De Montford University and Professor Andy Phippen of Plymouth University dissect the problem and explore possible solutions.
HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among individuals with low-level viraemia while taking combination ART in Botswana
Authors: Bareng Ontlametse T , Moyo Sikhulile , Zahralban-Steele Melissa , Maruapula Dorcas , Ditlhako Tsotlhe , Mokaleng Baitshepi , Mokgethi Patrick , Choga Wonderful T , Moraka Natasha O , Pretorius-Holme Molly , Mine Madisa O , Raizes Elliot , Molebatsi Kesaobaka , Motswaledi Modisa S , Gobe Irene , Mohammed Terence , Gaolathe Tendani , Shapiro Roger , Mmalane Mompati , Makhema Joseph M , Lockman Shahin , Essex Max , Novitsky Vlad , Gaseitsiwe Simani ,   the PANGEA consortium, Ayles Helen , Abeler-Dörner Lucie , Bonsall David , Bowden Rory , Essex Max , Fidler Sarah , Fraser Christophe , Grabowski Kate , Golubchik Tanya , Gupta Ravindra , Hayes Richard , Herbeck Joshua , Kagaayi Joseph , Kaleebu Pontiano , Lingappa Jairam , Novitsky Vladimir , Moyo Sikhulile , Pillay Deenan , Quinn Thomas , Rambaut Andrew , Ratmann Oliver , Seeley Janet , Ssemwanga Deogratius , Tanser Frank , Wawer Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess whether a single instance of low-level viraemia (LLV) is associated with the presence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and predicts subsequent virological failure (VF) in adults receiving ART in 30 communities participating in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project.

Methods
A total of 6078 HIV-1 C pol sequences were generated and analysed using the Stanford HIV drug resistance database. LLV was defined as plasma VL = 51–999 copies/mL and VF was defined as plasma VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL.

Results
Among 6078 people with HIV (PWH), 4443 (73%) were on ART for at least 6 months. Of the 332 persons on ART with VL &gt; 50 copies/mL, 175 (4%) had VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL and 157 (4%) had LLV at baseline. The prevalence of any DRM was 57 (36%) and 78 (45%) in persons with LLV and VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL, respectively. Major DRMs were found in 31 (20%) with LLV and 53 (30%) with VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL (P = 0.04). Among the 135 PWH with at least one DRM, 17% had NRTI-, 35% NNRTI-, 6% PI- and 3% INSTI-associated mutations. Among the 3596 participants who were followed up, 1709 (48%) were on ART for ≥6 months at entry and had at least one subsequent VL measurement (median 29 months), 43 (3%) of whom had LLV. The OR of experiencing VF in persons with LLV at entry was 36-fold higher than in the virally suppressed group.

Conclusions
A single LLV measurement while on ART strongly predicted the risk of future VF, suggesting the use of VL &gt; 50 copies/mL as an indication for more intensive adherence support with more frequent VL monitoring.
Modeling and Forecasting Volatilities of Financial Assets with an Asymmetric Zero-Drift GARCH Model
Authors: Shi Yanlin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, we extend the zero-drift generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to incorporate the well-known asymmetric effects of shocks on financial volatility and propose an asymmetric zero-drift GARCH (AZD-GARCH) model. Relevant asymptotics of the new model, including those for the quasi-maximum-likelihood estimator and the powers of the stability test and the model misspecification test, are comprehensively discussed with simulation evidence. Our empirical studies focus on the daily Brent oil price, the AUD/USD exchange rate, and the S&P 500 returns covering the recent 2019–2020 period. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the AZD-GARCH model in understanding the volatility features of financial assets and the model’s superiority to a range of competitors in precisely forecasting volatilities. Robustness checks on data for extended sample periods (2017–2020 and 2009–2020) further provide highly consistent results. Therefore, the proposed AZD-GARCH model can help policymakers and market participants in various applications, such as monitoring asset volatility and hedging relevant risks.
Carmo and Jones’ logic for contrary-to-duty obligations revised
Authors: Carmo José , Jones Andrew J I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We revise our logic for contrary-to-duty (CTD) conditionals, showing how to adjust our logical models in such a way as to avoid the counterintuitive results pointed out by Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen, but keep the main results that support our logical analysis of CTD scenarios.
Vetting asteroseismic Δν measurements using neural networks
Authors: Reyes Claudia , Stello Dennis , Hon Marc , Zinn Joel C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Precise asteroseismic parameters can be used to quickly estimate radius and mass distributions for large samples of stars. A number of automated methods are available to calculate the frequency of maximum acoustic power (νmax) and the frequency separation between overtone modes (Δν) from the power spectra of red giants. However, filtering through the results requires manual vetting, elaborate averaging across multiple methods or sharp cuts in certain parameters to ensure robust samples of stars free of outliers. Given the importance of ensemble studies for Galactic archaeology and the surge in data availability, faster methods for obtaining reliable asteroseismic parameters are desirable. We present a neural network classifier that vets Δν by combining multiple features from the visual Δν vetting process. Our classifier is able to analyse large numbers of stars, determining whether their measured Δν are reliable and thus delivering clean samples of oscillating stars with minimal effort. Our classifier is independent of the method used to obtain νmax and Δν, and therefore can be applied as a final step to any such method. Tests of our classifier’s performance on manually vetted Δν measurements reach an accuracy of 95 per cent. We apply the method to giants observed by the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program and find that our results retain stars with astrophysical oscillation parameters consistent with the parameter distributions already defined by well-characterized Kepler red giants.
Evidence in favour of density wave theory through age gradients observed in star formation history maps and spatially resolved stellar clusters
Authors: Abdeen Shameer , Davis Benjamin L , Eufrasio Rafael , Kennefick Daniel , Kennefick Julia , Miller Ryan , Shields Deanna , Monson Erik B , Bassett Calla , O’Mara Harry 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Quasi-stationary density wave theory predicts the existence of an age gradient across the spiral arms with a phase crossing at the corotation radius. We have examined evidence for such age gradients using star formation history (SFH) maps derived from lightning, a spectral energy distribution fitting procedure, and by using spatially resolved stellar clusters. Three galaxies from the LEGUS survey were used to analyse the azimuthal offsets of spatially resolved stellar clusters. Kernel density estimation plots of azimuthal cluster distance offsets reveal prominent central peaks and secondary peaks on the positive side, relative to the density wave for NGC 5194 and NGC 5236. These secondary downstream peaks in the cluster distributions show overall evidence for an age gradient. NGC 628 shows secondary peaks on both sides of the density wave. The cluster distributions also show an increasing spatial spread with age, consistent with the expectation that they were born in the density wave. SFH maps of 12 nearby galaxies were analysed using spirality, a matlab-based code, which plots synthetic spiral arms over FITS images. The SFH maps reveal a gradual decrement (tightening) in pitch angles with increasing age. By analysing the pitch angle differences between adjacent age bins using the error function, the average of the probabilities shows a $69{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\pm 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance that the pitch angle values decrease (tighten) with increasing age. Thus, we see a tightening of the spiral pattern in galaxies, both when segregating stellar populations specifically by age or more generally by colour, as was shown in our previous studies.
The puzzling story of flare inactive ultra fast rotating M dwarfs – I. Exploring their magnetic fields
Authors: Doyle Lauren , Bagnulo Stefano , Ramsay Gavin , Doyle J Gerry , Hakala Pasi 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Stars which are rapidly rotating are expected to show high levels of activity according to the activity–rotation relation. However, previous TESS studies have found ultra fast rotating (UFR) M dwarfs with periods less than 1 d displaying low levels of flaring activity. As a result, in this study, we utilize VLT/FORS2 spectro-polarimetric data of 10 M dwarf UFR stars between spectral types ∼M2–M6 all with Prot &lt; 1, to detect the presence of a magnetic field. We divide our sample into rotation period bins of equal size, with one star having many more flares in the TESS light curve than the other. We also provide an analysis of the long-term variability within our sample using TESS light curves taken during Cycles 1 and 3 (up to 3 yr apart). We identify 605 flares from our sample which have energies between 2.0 × 1031 and 5.4 × 1034 erg. Although we find no significant difference in the flare rate between the Cycles, two of our targets display changes in their light-curve morphology, potentially caused by a difference in the spot distribution. Overall, we find five stars (50 per cent) in our sample have a detectable magnetic field with strengths ∼1–2 kG. Of these five, four were the more flare active stars within the period bins with one being the less flare active star. It would appear the magnetic field strength may not be the answer to the lack of flaring activity and supersaturation or magnetic field configuration may play a role. However, it is clear the relationship between rotation and activity is more complex than a steady decrease over time.
Genetic monitoring of the Critically Endangered Araripe Manakin reveals low diversity and declining effective population size
Authors: Luna Leilton Willians , Marques Silva Sofia , Andrade de Girão e Silva Weber , Garbim Gaiotti Milene , Macedo Regina H , Araripe Juliana , Sena do Rêgo Péricles 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Genetic information is still underestimated in conservation policies, seldom being monitored or included in management strategies. Monitoring changes in genetic diversity over time in endangered species is useful to anticipate possible risks associated with reduced genetic variation. The Araripe Manakin (Antilophia bokermanni) is a Critically Endangered species, probably with a historically low level of genetic diversity and currently facing demographic population decline. This is the first study to present a fine-scale spatio-temporal genetic monitoring for the Araripe Manakin. Using microsatellite loci, genotyped at two time periods (2003–2004 and 2015–2017), we conclude that genetic diversity has been relatively stable in this short-term assessment, with limited signs of population structure between time frames, and no current population structure within past or present species distribution. However, we also detect signs of genetic bottleneck and evidence that suggest that mating is not presently random. Our results corroborate that the species is a resilient bird, but habitat loss and degradation are jeopardizing Araripe Manakin’s persistence. The species comprises a unique small population, and restoration of habitat quality and connectivity should continue to maintain its viability. Nonetheless, given the low genetic diversity observed, we further identify some challenges and recommend solutions for the implementation of genetic information in the current conservation effort of the Araripe Manakin.
Multiple sgRNAs for one-step inactivation of the duplicatedacetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2(ACC2) genes inBrassica napus
Authors: LaManna Lisa M , Parulekar Mugdha S , Maliga Pal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEfficient plastid transformation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) requires genetic lines that are hypersensitive to spectinomycin due to the absence of a chloroplast acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) encoded in the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (ACC2) nuclear gene. To obtain plastid transformation-competent oilseed rape (Brassica napus), we inactivated all nuclear encoded, chloroplast targeted ACCase copies using CRISPR–Cas9. Brassica napus (2n = 38, AACC) is a recent interspecific hybrid of Brassica rapa (2n = 20, AA) and B. oleracea (2n = 18, CC) and is expected to have at least two ACC2 copies, one from each parent. The sequenced genome has two ACC2 copies, one that is B. rapa-like and one that is B. oleracea-like. We designed single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that could simultaneously inactivate both nuclear ACC2 copies. We expressed Cas9 from a chimeric egg cell promoter 1.2 (EC1.2p) known to yield homozygous or biallelic mutants in Arabidopsis in the T1 generation. To maximize the probability of functionally inactivating both orthologs in a single step, each of the two vectors carried four sgRNAs. Four T0 transgenic lines were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated hypocotyl transformation. Amplicon sequencing confirmed mutations in ACC2 genes in 10 T1 progeny, in seven of which no wild-type (WT) copy remained. The B. napus T2 seedlings lacking WT ACC2 gene copies exhibited a spectinomycin hypersensitive phenotype, suggesting that they will be a useful resource for chloroplast genome transformation.