bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific counterfactuals as make-believe
Authors: Iranzo-Ribera Noelia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCounterfactuals abound in science, especially when reasoning about and with models. This often requires entertaining counterfactual conditionals with nomologically or metaphysically impossible antecedents, namely, counternomics or counterpossibles. In this paper I defend the make-believe view of scientific counterfactuals, a naturalised fiction-based account of counterfactuals in science which provides a means to evaluate their meanings independently of the possibility of the states of affairs their antecedents describe, and under which they have non-trivial truth-values. Fiction is here understood as imagination (in contrast with its most typical association with falsity), characterised as a propositional attitude of pretense or ‘make-believe’ (Walton 1990). The application of this theory to scientific counterfactuals makes their evaluation a game of make-believe: a counterfactual is (fictionally) true iff its antecedent and the rules of the game prescribe the imagining of its consequent (Kimpton-Nye 2020). The result is a practice-based account of counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning in science which incorporates insights from theoretical and experimental analytic philosophy as well as cognitive science. This way, the make-believe view of scientific counterfactuals shows that the evaluation of scientific counterfactuals is none other than a question of scientific representation in disguise.
Retrospective review of Andexanet Alfa versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for reversal of DOAC-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Troyer Camille , Nguyen Wesley , Xie Annie , Wimer Dexter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract Background: Mortality of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH is around 60%, with oral anticoagulation increasing the risk of ICH seven to ten-fold compared to no anticoagulation. Current guidelines recommend DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants) as first-line therapy in the treatment of VTE (Venous Thromboembolism) due to their more favorable safety profile. There are two agents available for DOAC reversal, Coagulation Factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo (andexanet alfa, Andexxa®) and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4FPCC). There is little data comparing the two agents in real-life clinical settings.Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine if there was a difference in hemostatic efficacy of andexanet alfa and 4FPCC in patients with a factor Xa inhibitor-related intracranial hemorrhage.Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study conducted in adult patients admitted at a quaternary academic medical center from September 2017 to March 2021. Adults with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were included if they received either 4FPCC or andexanet alfa for reversal of apixaban or rivaroxaban. In addition to hemostatic efficacy per imaging, we assessed disposition location, cerebral performance score, blood product consumption, and the development of a new thrombus.Results: A total of 46 patients were included in this study, 15 received 4FPCC (32%) and 31 received andexanet alfa (68%). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with excellent (4FPCC 9 [60%] vs. andexanet alfa 16 [51.6%], p = 0.61), good (4FPCC 2 [13.3%] vs. andexanet alfa 7 [22.6%]), or poor (4FPCC 1 [6.7%] vs. andexanet alfa 5 [16.1%]) hemostasis after administration of each agent. There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes.Conclusion and Relevance: Our study found no difference in hemostatic efficacy between andexanet alfa and 4FPCC. At this time, clinicians should choose an agent based on individual patient presentation and resource availability. Further research will help clarify the role of each agent in the management of DOAC-related intracranial hemorrhage.
The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative differentiation and delineation techniques in brain tumours
Authors: Van Hese Laura , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Theys Tom , Rex Steffen , Heeren Ron M. A. , Cuypers Eva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain tumour identification and delineation in a timeframe of seconds would significantly guide and support surgical decisions. Here, treatment is often complicated by the infiltration of gliomas in the surrounding brain parenchyma. Accurate delineation of the invasive margins is essential to increase the extent of resection and to avoid postoperative neurological deficits. Currently, histopathological annotation of brain biopsies and genetic phenotyping still define the first line treatment, where results become only available after surgery. Furthermore, adjuvant techniques to improve intraoperative visualisation of the tumour tissue have been developed and validated. In this review, we focused on the sensitivity and specificity of conventional techniques to characterise the tumour type and margin, specifically fluorescent-guided surgery, neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging as well as on more experimental techniques such as mass spectrometry-based diagnostics, Raman spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging. Based on our findings, all investigated methods had their advantages and limitations, guiding researchers towards the combined use of intraoperative imaging techniques. This can lead to an improved outcome in terms of extent of tumour resection and progression free survival while preserving neurological outcome of the patients.
Onderzoek en innovatie blijven
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A. 
Published: November 2022

SamenvattingWat zouden we graag willen dat alles terug bij normaal was. Niets is minder waar. Toch hebben we weer een prachtige verzameling abstracts binnengekregen. De inhoud spreekt voor zich. Er wordt nog steeds veel en gevarieerd onderzoek gedaan. De variatie qua onderwerp duidt op de onmiskenbare breedheid van ons vakgebied.
The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: a historical study
Authors: Nagai Hiroyuki , Nakazawa Eisuke , Akabayashi Akira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Belmont Report continues to be held in high regard, and most bioethical analyses conducted in recent years have presumed that it affects United States federal regulations. However, the assessments of the report’s creators are sharply divided. Understanding the historic reputation of this monumental report is thus crucial. We first recount the historical context surrounding the creation of this report. Subsequently, we review the process involved in developing ethical guidelines and describe the report’s features. Additionally, we analyze the effect of unfolding events on the subsequent creation of federal regulations, especially on gene therapy clinical trials. Moreover, throughout this paper we evaluate the ethical principles outlined in this report and describe how they overlap with the issue of protecting socially vulnerable groups. Based on the analysis, we conclude that the features of the Belmont Report cannot be considered as having affected the basic sections of the federal regulations for ethical reviews that were made uniform in 1981. Nevertheless, regarding the regulations on gene therapy clinical trials—which were at first expected to be applicable to research involving children—in addition to implementing policies regarding the public review of protocols that passed ethical review, this report’s principles are clearly reflected in the key notes that should have been referred to when the report was created.
Controlling 3D Objects in 2D Image Synthesis
Authors: Brehm Stephan , Barthel Florian , Lienhart Rainer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we propose a method that enforces explicit control over various attributes during the image generation process in a generative adversarial net. We propose a semi-supervised learning procedure that allows us to use a quantized approximation of object orientation for learning continuous object rotations. As a result, among many other attributes, our proposed method allows us to control object orientation in scenes that are rendered according to our specifications.
Kingship, Ritual, and Royal Ideology in Western Zhou China
Authors: Vogt Paul Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

In accounts of Chinese history, the Western Zhou period has been lionized as a golden age of ritual, when kings created the ceremonies that underlay the traditions of imperial governance. In this book, Paul Nicholas Vogt rediscovers their roots in the vagaries of Western Zhou royal geopolitics through an investigation of inscriptions on bronze vessels, the best contemporary source for this period. He shows how the kings of the Western Zhou adapted ritual to create and retain power, while introducing changes that affected later remembrances of Zhou royal ritual and that shaped the tradition of statecraft throughout Chinese history. Using ritual and social theory to explain Western Zhou history, Vogt traces how the traditions of pre-modern China were born, how a ruling dynasty establishes and holds on to power, how religion and politics can support and restrain each other, and how ancient peoples made, used, and assigned meaning to art and artifacts.
The social lives of mass-produced images of the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War
Authors: Wurzer Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor the last 20 years, research on European colonialism has addressed private photo collections. Prior to that, interest was focused specifically on propaganda photography. In the hope that privately kept material could offer new, more ‘authentic’ insights into colonial everyday life, researchers have so far mostly ignored the mass-produced images which are often part of such private collections, too. But especially when the question arises of how mass-produced images functioned as consensus-building tools, of what impact they had on the ground, they seem to be a promising source. Therefore, this paper on mass-produced images of the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War in private photography collections probes how ‘ordinary’ soldiers used images, what meanings they created in the process, and, thereby, how they positioned themselves relative to the Fascist regime's dominant colonial discourse. This article answers these questions by drawing on the private collections of four so-called ‘allogeni’, German-speaking Italian citizens from the province of Bozen/Bolzano, who took part in the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War.
ABSOLUTE DATES OF ARTIFACTS FROM LUSATIAN URNFIELD CEMETERY AT BRZEZIE, GREATER POLAND
Authors: Ginter A , Moska P , Poręba G , Tudyka K , Szymak A , Szczurek G 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBrzezie in the Pleszew region was first mentioned in archaeological literature, as the location where a treasure of gold artifacts dating back to the 3rd period of the Bronze Age was discovered in 1876. Archaeological research has been conducted there almost continuously since 1985. The result of many years of fieldwork is the discovery of 363 late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age graves, as well as 50 burials of the Przeworsk culture from the era of Roman influence. In the last few years, further research has been conducted by archeologist Grzegorz Szczurek. After comprehensive geophysical prospecting, the extent of the necropolis was established, and more graves were excavated. For the first time, materials for radiocarbon and luminescence dating were also collected to determine the absolute chronology for this archaeological site. Four samples were dated in the Poznań radiocarbon laboratory, and five luminescence tests were conducted in the Gliwice luminescence laboratory. Due to the complete thermo-destruction of collagen in human bones, age determination was based on carbonate fractionation. In one case, a piece of charcoal was selected for dating purposes. Considering uncertainties and the fact that both methods date different events, the results reveal concurrence, giving a 1000–500 BC range.
A MODERN MULTICENTENNIAL RECORD OF RADIOCARBON VARIABILITY FROM AN EXACTLY DATED BIVALVE CHRONOLOGY AT THE TREE NOB SITE (ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT)
Authors: Edge David C , Wanamaker Alan D , Staisch Lydia M , Reynolds David J , Holmes Karine L , Black Bryan A 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTQuantifying the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect, offsets (ΔR), and ΔR variability over time is critical to improving dating estimates of marine samples while also providing a proxy of water mass dynamics. In the northeastern Pacific, where no high-resolution time series of ΔR has yet been established, we sampled radiocarbon (14C) from exactly dated growth increments in a multicentennial chronology of the long-lived bivalve, Pacific geoduck (Paneopea generosa) at the Tree Nob site, coastal British Columbia, Canada. Samples were taken at approximately decadal time intervals from 1725 CE to 1920 CE and indicate average ΔR values of 256 ± 22 years (1σ) consistent with existing discrete estimates. Temporal variability in ΔR is small relative to analogous Atlantic records except for an unusually old-water event, 1802–1812. The correlation between ΔR and sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructed from geoduck increment width is weakly significant (r2= .29, p = .03), indicating warm water is generally old, when the 1802–1812 interval is excluded. This interval contains the oldest (–2.1σ) anomaly, and that is coincident with the coldest (–2.7σ) anomalies of the temperature reconstruction. An additional 3214C values spanning 1952–1980 were detrended using a northeastern Pacific bomb pulse curve. Significant positive correlations were identified between the detrended14C data and annual El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and summer SST such that cooler conditions are associated with older water. Thus,14C is generally relatively stable with weak, potentially inconsistent associations to climate variables, but capable of infrequent excursions as illustrated by the unusually cold, old-water 1802–1812 interval.
Colonial labels and the imagined innocence of past times: Debating language and spatial representations of the Danish/Greenlandic relation
Authors: Maegaard Marie , Mortensen Kristine Køhler 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines struggles related to the recasting of the collective memory connected to Danish colonialism, through analyses of exhibitions in, and communication from, the Danish National Museum. By use of multimodal and semiotic landscape analysis, we show how the Danish National Museum works to reformulate the historical relationship between Greenland and Denmark in ways that avoid the colonizer's language and at the same time describe and construct complex relations of past and present. The analysis demonstrates how a temporal ambiguity is present in the museum exhibitions, not offering a conclusive understanding of the colonial period. At the same time, we show how the presence and absence of colonial language in public space is inscribed into temporal frames legitimizing or problematizing their status. (Semiotic landscape, colonialism, language and nation, temporality)*
On the evolutionary origins of the bifocal stance
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this commentary we advance Jagiello et al.'s proposal by zooming in on the possible evolutionary origins of the “bifocal stance” that may have enabled a major transition in human cultural evolution, arguing that the evolution of the bifocal stance was driven by an explosion in cultural complexity arising from cooperative foraging, which led to a feedback loop between the ritual and instrumental stances.
If you presume relevance, you don't need a bifocal lens
Authors: Altınok Nazlı , Tatone Denis , Király Ildikó , Heintz Christophe , Gergely György 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We argue for a relevance-guided learning mechanism to account for both innovative reproduction and faithful imitation by focusing on the role of communication in knowledge transmission. Unlike bifocal stance theory, this mechanism does not require a strict divide between instrumental and ritual-like actions, and the goals they respectively fulfill (material vs. social/affiliative), to account for flexibility in action interpretation and reproduction.
Assessment of the real-world impact of the Thai smoking cessation programme on clinical outcomes: protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Chaisai Chayutthaphong , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Thavorn Kednapa , Wattanasirichaigoon Somkiat , Rungruanghiranya Suthat , Thongphiew Araya , Lee Shaun Wen Huey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco smoking is the most common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In an effort to counteract the harmful consequences of smoking, various tobacco control measures have been implemented, including the use of smoking cessation programmes to reduce the number of new smokers as well as helping current smokers to quit smoking. In Thailand, the SMART Quit Clinic Program (FAH-SAI Clinics) was launched in 2010 to provide smoking cessation services by a multidisciplinary team. There are currently 552 FAH-SAI Clinics established across all 77 provinces of Thailand.

Aim:
This protocol describes a study aiming to evaluate the SMART Quit Clinic Program (FAH-SAI Clinics) in terms of programme performance and clinical outcomes. We hope that the results of the study could be used to improve the current service model and the programme’s success.

Method:
A multicentre prospective observational study will be conducted. The study will focus on 24 FAH-SAI Clinics across 21 provinces of Thailand. The primary outcomes are seven-day point prevalence abstinence rate and continuous abstinence rate at three and six months. The outcomes will be measured using a self-reported questionnaire and biochemical validated by exhaled carbon monoxide.

Discussion:
This study will be the first real-world study that reports the effectiveness of the well-established smoking cessation programme in Thailand. Findings from this study can help improve the quality of smoking cessation services provided by multidisciplinary teams and other smoking cessation services, especially those implemented in low- and middle-income countries.
Influence of growth stage and dicamba rate on eggplant, cucumber, and snap bean tolerance and yield response
Authors: Wasacz Maggie H. , Sosnoskie Lynn M. , VanGessel Mark J. , Besançon Thierry E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFollowing the introduction of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean in 2017, concerns have increased with regard to dicamba off-target movement (OTM) onto sensitive crops, including vegetables. Field trials were conducted in New Jersey, New York, and Delaware to evaluate cucumber (‘Python’), eggplant (‘Santana’), and snap bean (‘Caprice’ and ‘Huntington’) injury and yield response to simulated dicamba drift rates. Crops were exposed to dicamba applied at 0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24 g ae ha–1, representing 0, 1/10,000, 1/5,000, 1/1,000, 1/500, and 1/250 of the maximum soybean recommended label rate (560 g ae ha–1), respectively. Dicamba was applied either at the early vegetative (V2) or early reproductive (R1) stages. Minimal to no injury, vine growth reduction, or yield loss was noted for cucumber. Dicamba was more injurious to eggplant with up to 22% to 35% injury 2 wk after treatment (WAT) at rate ≥1.12 g ae ha–1; however, only the highest dicamba rate caused 27% reduction of the commercial yield compared to the nontreated control. Eggplant also showed greater sensitivity when dicamba exposure occurred at the R1 than at theV2 stage. Snap bean was the most sensitive crop investigated in this study. Injury 2 WAT was greater for ‘Caprice’ with dicamba ≥0.56 g ae ha–1 applied at V2 compared to R1 stage, whereas a similar difference occurred as low as 0.056 g ae ha–1 for ‘Huntington’. Compared to the nontreated control, reduction in plant height and biomass accumulation occurred for both cultivars at dicamba rate ≥0.56 g ae ha–1. Dicamba applied at 1.12 g ae ha–1 or greater resulted in 30% yield loss for ‘Caprice’, whereas ‘Huntington’ yield dropped 52% to 93% with dicamba ≥0.56 g ae ha–1. ‘Caprice’ bean yield was not influenced by dicamba timing of application. Conversely, ‘Huntington’ bean yield decreased by 8% following application at R1 compared to V2 stage.
2019 Mw 6.0 Mesetas (Colombia) Earthquake Sequence: Insights From Integrating Seismic and Morphostructural Observations
Authors: Poveda Esteban , Pedraza Patricia , Velandia Francisco , Mayorga Edwin , Plicka Vladimír , Gallovič František , Zahradník Jiří 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe boundary between the Northern Andean block and the South American plate is a first‐order tectonic structure in Colombia with historically M > 7 earthquakes. However, details about individual sections of the system remain unknown. We illuminate the seismotectonic of the Algeciras fault by investigating an earthquake sequence that started on 24 December 2019. Using seismic networks at region, we estimate foreshocks and aftershocks focal mechanisms, local stress field, kinematic slip models of the largest events, and Coulomb stress changes. We integrate seismological and morphostructural observations to characterize source properties and reinterpret local faults. Two mainshocks (doublet of Mw 6.0 and 5.8) occurred within 16 min, rupturing just a few kilometers from each other. Discrimination of causative faults among the centroid moment‐tensor nodal planes is difficult because the focal zone is a complex tectonic environment. The focal mechanisms and the local stress field obtained are consistent with a regional NE trending dextral transpressive shear. The relocated aftershocks show a cluster with an L‐shaped pattern concentrated in a ∼7 × 7 km area. Our model defines the Algeciras fault with two structural styles for its northern termination. The NW part is characterized by a duplex‐style of right‐lateral strike‐slip with inner secondary faults of the same sense of movement, and the SE zone by a domino‐style system with inner minor faults of sinistral kinematics. The earthquake doublet is in the zone characterized by the duplex style. In contrast, the southern part of the aftershocks is located in the zone characterized by the domino style.
Schizophrenia-associated Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 (MAD1) regulates the polarity of migrating neurons in the developing neocortex
Authors: Goo Bon Seong , Mun Dong Jin , Kim Seunghyun , Nhung Truong Thi My , Lee Su Been , Woo Youngsik , Kim Soo Jeong , Suh Bo Kyoung , Park Sung Jin , Lee Hee-Eun , Park Kunyou , Jang Hyunsoo , Rah Jong-Cheol , Yoon Ki-Jun , Baek Seung Tae , Park Seung-Yeol , Park Sang Ki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an association between MAD1L1 (Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 Like 1) and the pathology of schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to address these mechanisms by examining the role of MAD1 (the gene product of MAD1L1) in key neurodevelopmental processes in mice and human organoids. Our findings indicated that MAD1 is highly expressed during active cortical development and that MAD1 deficiency leads to impairments in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. We also observed that MAD1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and regulates vesicular trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, which is required for the growth and polarity of migrating neurons. In this process, MAD1 physically interacts and collaborates with the kinesin-like protein KIFC3 (kinesin family member C3) to regulate the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and neuronal polarity, thereby ensuring proper neuronal migration and differentiation. Consequently, our findings indicate that MAD1 is an essential regulator of neuronal development and that alterations in MAD1 may underlie schizophrenia pathobiology.