bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perancangan dan Implementası Sımulator Kolımator Sebagaı Medıa Pembelajaran Topık Sınar-X
Authors: Jiwatami Agatha Mahardika Anugrayuning , Effendi Sukma Meganova , Wicaksono Nugroho Budi 
Published: December 2022

A collimator simulator which is an accessory in radiology equipment, has been made. This simulator was created as a learning medium to complete students' understanding in studying x-rays as part of electromagnetic waves. The research is divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of simulators and implementation as teaching materials. The collimator simulator is equipped with blades that are used to limit the radiation field area. In this study, collimator lamps were used to see the area of the field. The simulator is equipped with a motor to open and close the radiation window. The results of the implementation to students stated that students agreed that the collimator simulator learning media helped students to better understand the material.
Keywords: learning media, collimator, radiation field area
KOMPETENSI PENGGUNAAN MAJAS SINDIRAN DALAM ARTI PERUMPAMAAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Yohanna Syaripah Nelly 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan bahasa majas sindiran dan memahami cara menggunakan majas sindiran pada anak remaja milenial khususnya di MTs Uswatun Hasanah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang berfokus pada penggunaan majas sindiran dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VIII di MTs Uswatun Hasanah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data mengenai penggunaan majas guru dalam proses belajar mengajar yakni dengan teknik pengamatan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kompetensi siswa dalam penggunaan majas sindiran dalam arti perumpamaan pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Uswatun Hasanah Sei Pasir Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 berada pada taraf cukup dengan perolehan nilai yang cukup memuaskan.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA JAWA DALAM WACANA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA
Authors: Febriyanto Dedi , Mahyu Moulia , Mardhotillah Wulan Devitalisa , Salamah Salamah 
Published: December 2022

Penggunaan bahasa yang santun dapat menciptakan keharmonisan dalam setiap interaksi komunikasi di tengah kehidupan sosial. Oleh karena itu, penerapan prinsip-prinsip kesantunan berbahasa sangat diperlukan dalam setiap komunikasi yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pematuhan dan pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kesantunan berbahasa Jawa dalam wacana komunikasi keluarga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data penelitian berwujud tuturan-tuturan dari anggota keluarga dalam kelompok masyarakat yang ada di kelurahan Cahaya Mas kecamatan Mesuji Makmur. Data penelitian yang berwujud tuturan tersebut dikumpulkan melalui teknik simak-rekam-catat. Setelah terkumpul, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pematuhan dan pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kesantunan berbahasa Jawa mewarnai setiap komunikasi yang dilakukan masyarakat di lingkungan keluarganya. Pematuhan terhadap prinsip kesantunan berbahasa Jawa meliputi, (1) maksim kebijaksanaan, (2) maksim kedermawanan, (3) maksim penghargaan, (4) maksim kesederhanaan, (5) maksim permufakatan, dan (6) maksim kesimpatisan. Adapun pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kesantunan berbahasa meliputi, (1) maksim kebijaksanaan, (2) maksim kesederhanaan, (3) maksim penghargaan, dan (4) maksim . Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa pematuhan terhadap prinsip kesantunan berbahasa Jawa dalam setiap interaksi komunikasi yang dilakukan masyarakat di lingkungan keluarganya lebih mendominasi daripada pelanggarannya.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK MAHASISWA PRODI TARJAMAH
Authors: Suparno Darsita , Thamrin Husni , Ismail Gunawan 
Published: December 2022

Tujuan utama penelitian ini menyelidiki keperluan mahasiswa dan dosen terhadap pengembangan bahan ajar menulis karya ilmiah dalam metode penulisan karya ilmiah. Pengajaran metode penulisan karya ilmiah yang berdampak kepada peningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa berbasis pada materi ajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester 4 Program Studi Tarjamah UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penelitian dan pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) merupakan metode yang dipilih untuk diterapkan pada studi ini selain itu digunakan juga validasi ahli dan mahasiswa untuk menilai produk dan keefektifan produk. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dipaparkan sebagai berikut: i)mahasiswa dan dosen membutuhkan materi pengembangan bahan ajar menulis karya ilmiah yang sesuai dengan metode penulisan karya ilmiah; ii) skor dengan rentang sangat baik dan layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar merupakan hasil validasi yang dibuat oleh ahli dan mahasiswa; iii) Peningkatan kompetensi mahasiswa dalam menulis karya ilmiah dapat diupayakan melalui pengembangan bahan ajar secara berkala. Fakta ini dapat diamati dari keadaan sebelum proses pengembangan bahan ajar rerata nilai mahasiswa untuk penulisan karya ilmiah berada pada nilai cukup. Peningkatan nilai menjadi skor cukup menjadi baik terjadi setelah tersedia bahan ajar hasil pengembangan dalam studi ini.
A New Turn in Russian Ethnography
Authors: Kerimova Mariam M. , Zolotukhina Maria V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article is based on the text analysis of previously unknown archival documents (letters, petitions) to assess the impact of Pervaa Vserossiiskaya etnographicheskaya vystavka (the first all-Russian ethnographic exhibition) had on different spheres of Russian life – ranging from reinterpreting Slavic identity and rallying Western and Southern Slavs around the empire to growing museum attendance. Demonstrating the diversity of ethnic groups in Russia, in addition to emphasising its imperial power managed to also serve the purpose of structuring and further developing academic knowledge, and presenting its results to the larger public in an easily accessible yet sophisticated way: the Ethnographic Department of the Imperial Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography at Moscow University was founded in 1868, and the first ethnographic museum (Dashkov Museum) in Moscow used the items for its collection. Russian ethnography exercised this new chance of proclaiming itself as an independent and actively evolving discipline and field of knowledge.
Predictive nomogram for deep brain stimulation–related infections
Authors: Chen Feng , Meng Xiankun , Li Tong , Xu Zhiming , Li Shengli , Zhou Yong , Hou Xiaoqun , Tan Shougang , Mei Lin , Li Luo , Chang Bowen , Wang Weimin , Liu Mingxing 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Infection is one of the important and frequent complications following implantable pulse generator and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode insertion. The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and identify potential risk factors for DBS infections.

METHODS
From January 2015 to January 2021 in Qingdao municipal hospital (training cohort) and The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (validation cohort), the authors enrolled patients with Parkinson disease who had undergone primary DBS placement or implantable pulse generator replacement. The cases were divided into infection or no-infection groups according to the 6-month follow-up. The authors used the logistic regression models to determine the association between the variables and DBS infection. Depending on the results of logistic regression, the authors established a nomogram. The calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and decision curves were used to evaluate the reliability of the nomogram.

RESULTS
There were 191 cases enrolled in the no-infection group and 20 cases in the infection group in the training cohort. The univariate logistic regression showed that BMI, blood glucose, and albumin were all significant predictors of infection after DBS surgery (OR 0.832 [p = 0.009], OR 1.735 [p < 0.001], and OR 0.823 [p = 0.001], respectively). In the crude, adjust I, and adjust II models, the three variables stated above were all considered to be significant predictors of infection after DBS surgery. The calibration curves in both training and validation cohorts showed that the predicted outcome fitted well to the observed outcome (p > 0.05). The decision curves showed that the nomogram had more benefits than the "All or None" scheme. The areas under the curve were 0.93 and 0.83 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The nomogram included BMI, blood glucose, and albumin, which were significant predictors of infection in patients with DBS surgery. The nomogram was reliable for clinical application.
Assessing the impact of MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy on brain activity and connectivity in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Lu Haoxuan , Lin Jiaji , Xiong Yongqin , Deng Linlin , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Dekang , Bian Xiangbing , Zhou Jiayou , Pan Longsheng , Lou Xin 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Although magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) at the ventral intermediate (VIM) thalamic nucleus is a novel and effective treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET), it is unclear how the ablation lesion affects functional activity. The current study sought to evaluate the functional impact of MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET, as well as to investigate the relationship between neuronal activity changes and tremor control.

METHODS
This study included 30 patients with ET who underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy with a 6-month follow-up involving MRI and clinical tremor rating. Additional sex- and age-matched healthy people were recruited for the healthy control group. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity were used to identify functional alteration regions of interest (ROIs). To investigate changes after treatment, ROI- and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Patients with ET had significantly increased fALFF in the right postcentral gyrus (PoCG; ROI 1), regional homogeneity in the left PoCG (ROI 2), and regional homogeneity in the right PoCG (ROI 3, cluster-level p value family-wise error [pFWE] < 0.05), which were recovered and normalized at 6 months after MRgFUS thalamotomy. FCs between ROI 2 and the right supramarginal gyrus, ROI 2 and the right superior parietal gyrus, and ROI 3 and the left precentral gyrus were also found to be increased after treatment (cluster-level pFWE < 0.05). Furthermore, changes in fALFF, regional homogeneity, and FC values were significantly correlated with tremor relief (p < 0.05). Preoperative FC strengths were found to be inversely related to the postoperative tremor control ratio (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ET, the VIM lesion of MRgFUS thalamotomy resulted in symptom-related regional functional recovery associated with sensorimotor and attention networks. Preoperative FC strengths may reflect the postoperative tremor control ratio, implying that this metric could be a useful neuroimaging biomarker for predicting symptom relief in patients with ET following thalamotomy.
Neurosurgery for eloquent lesions in children: state-of-the-art rationale and technical implications of perioperative neurophysiology
Authors: Krieg Sandro M. , Bernhard Denise , Ille Sebastian , Meyer Bernhard , Combs Stephanie , Rotenberg Alexander , Frühwald Michael C. 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
In adult patients, an increasing group of neurosurgeons specialize entirely in the treatment of highly eloquent tumors, particularly gliomas. In contrast, extensive perioperative neurophysiological workup for pediatric cases has been limited essentially to epilepsy surgery.

METHODS
The authors discuss radio-oncological and general oncological considerations based on the current literature and their personal experience.

RESULTS
While several functional mapping modalities facilitate preoperative identification of cortically and subcortically located eloquent areas, not all are suited for children. Direct cortical intraoperative stimulation is impractical in many young patients due to the reduced excitability of the immature cortex. Behavioral requirements also limit the utility of functional MRI and magnetoencephalography in children. In contrast, MRI-derived tractography and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation are available across ages. Herein, the authors review the oncological rationale of function-guided resection in pediatric gliomas including technical implications such as personalized perioperative neurophysiology, surgical strategies, and limitations.

CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, these techniques, despite the limitations of some, facilitate the identification of eloquent areas prior to tumor surgery and radiotherapy as well as during follow-up of residual tumors.
Factors affecting the prognosis of recovery of motor power and ambulatory function after surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression
Authors: Park Sehan , Park Jae Woo , Park Jin Hoon , Lee Choon Sung , Lee Dong-Ho , Hwang Chang Ju , Yang Jae Jun , Cho Jae Hwan 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) causes neurological deficits that may hinder ambulation. Understanding the prognostic factors associated with increased neurological recovery and regaining ambulatory functions is important for surgical planning in MESCC patients with neurological deficits. The present study was conducted to elucidate prognostic factors of neurological recovery in MESCC patients.

METHODS
A total of 192 patients who had surgery for MESCC due to preoperative neurological deficits were reviewed. A motor recovery rate ≥ 50% and ambulatory function restoration were defined as the primary favorable endpoints. Factors associated with a motor recovery rate ≥ 50%, regaining ambulatory function, and patient survival were analyzed.

RESULTS
About one-half (48.4%) of the patients had a motor recovery rate ≥ 50%, and 24.4% of patients who were not able to walk due to MESCC before the surgery were able to walk after the operation. The factors “involvement of the thoracic spine” (p = 0.015) and “delayed operation” (p = 0.041) were associated with poor neurological recovery. Low preoperative muscle function grade was associated with a low likelihood of regaining ambulatory functions (p = 0.002). Furthermore, performing the operation ≥ 72 hours after the onset of the neurological deficit significantly decreased the likelihood of regaining ambulatory functions (p = 0.020). Postoperative ambulatory function significantly improved patient survival (p = 0.048).

CONCLUSIONS
Delayed operation and the involvement of the thoracic spine were poor prognostic factors for neurological recovery after MESCC surgery. Furthermore, a more severe preoperative neurological deficit was associated with a lesser likelihood of regaining ambulatory functions postoperatively. Earlier detection of motor weaknesses and expeditious surgical interventions are necessary, not only to improve patient functional status and quality of life but also to enhance survival.
Early experience with targeted therapy as a first-line adjuvant treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma
Authors: Leclair Nathan K. , Lambert William , Roche Kimberley , Gillan Eileen , Gell Joanna J. , Lau Ching C. , Wrubel Gregory , Knopf Joshua , Amin Shirali , Anderson Megan , Martin Jonathan E. , Bookland Markus J. , Hersh David S. 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) frequently exhibit dysregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Targeted therapies, including mutant BRAF inhibitors (dabrafenib) and MEK inhibitors (trametinib), have shown promise in patients in whom conventional chemotherapy has failed. However, few studies have investigated the use of targeted therapy as a first-line treatment for pLGG. Here, the authors reviewed their institutional experience with using a personalized medicine approach to patients with newly diagnosed pLGGs.

METHODS
All pediatric patients at the authors’ institution who had been treated with dabrafenib or trametinib for pLGG without first receiving conventional chemotherapy or radiation were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected.

RESULTS
Eight patients underwent targeted therapy as a first-line treatment for pLGG. Five patients had a BRAF alteration (1 with a BRAFV600E mutation, 4 with a KIAA1549:BRAF fusion), and 3 patients had an NF1 mutation. One of the 8 patients was initially treated with dabrafenib, and trametinib was added later. Seven patients were initially treated with trametinib; of these, 2 later transitioned to dual therapy, whereas 5 continued with trametinib monotherapy. Six patients (75%) demonstrated a partial response to therapy during their treatment course, whereas stable disease was identified in the remaining 2 patients (25%). One patient experienced mild disease progression after completing a course of trametinib monotherapy, but ultimately stabilized after a period of close observation. Another patient experienced tumor progression while on dabrafenib, but subsequently responded to dual therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. The most common adverse reactions to targeted therapy were cutaneous toxicity (100%) and diarrhea (50%).

CONCLUSIONS
Targeted therapies have the potential to become a standard treatment option for pLGG due to their favorable toxicity profile and oral route of administration. This case series provides preliminary evidence that targeted therapies can induce an early disease response as a first-line adjuvant treatment; however, large-scale studies are required to assess long-term durability and safety.
Personalized surgery of brain tumors in language areas: the role of preoperative brain mapping in patients not eligible for awake surgery
Authors: Raffa Giovanni , Marzano Giuseppina , Curcio Antonello , Espahbodinea Shervin , Germanò Antonino , Angileri Filippo Flavio 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Awake surgery represents the gold standard for resection of brain tumors close to the language network. However, in some cases patients may be considered not eligible for awake craniotomy. In these cases, a personalized brain mapping of the language network may be achieved by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), which can guide resection in patients under general anesthesia. Here the authors describe their tailored nTMS-based strategy and analyze its impact on the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and language outcome in a series of patients not eligible for awake surgery.

METHODS
The authors reviewed data from all patients harboring a brain tumor in or close to the language network who were considered not eligible for awake surgery and were operated on during asleep surgery between January 2017 and July 2022, under the intraoperative guidance of nTMS data. The authors analyzed the effectiveness of nTMS-based mapping data in relation to 1) the ability of the nTMS-based mapping to stratify patients according to surgical risks, 2) the occurrence of postoperative language deficits, and 3) the EOR.

RESULTS
A total of 176 patients underwent preoperative nTMS cortical language mapping and nTMS-based tractography of language fascicles. According to the nTMS-based mapping, tumors in 115 patients (65.3%) were identified as true-eloquent tumors because of a close spatial relationship with the language network. Conversely, tumors in 61 patients (34.7%) for which the nTMS mapping disclosed a location at a safer distance from the network were identified as false-eloquent tumors. At 3 months postsurgery, a permanent language deficit was present in 13 patients (7.3%). In particular, a permanent deficit was observed in 12 of 115 patients (10.4%) with true-eloquent tumors and in 1 of 61 patients (1.6%) with false-eloquent lesions. With nTMS-based mapping, neurosurgeons were able to distinguish true-eloquent from false-eloquent tumors in a significant number of cases based on the occurrence of deficits at discharge (p < 0.0008) and after 3 months from surgery (OR 6.99, p = 0.03). Gross-total resection was achieved in 80.1% of patients overall and in 69.5% of patients with true-eloquent lesions and 100% of patients with false-eloquent tumors.

CONCLUSIONS
nTMS-based mapping allows for reliable preoperative mapping of the language network that may be used to stratify patients according to surgical risks. nTMS-guided asleep surgery should be considered a good alternative for personalized preoperative brain mapping of the language network that may increase the possibility of safe and effective resection of brain tumors in the dominant hemisphere whenever awake mapping is not feasible.
Mengukur Kinerja dan Risiko Keuangan BUMN Sub-Klaster Minyak dan Gas
Authors: Ulum Heni Kholifatul , Yudanto Ambang Aries 
Published: December 2022

Pembentukan holding BUMN merupakan salah satu upaya restrukturisasi dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja dan risiko keuangan BUMN sub-klaster migas sebelum dan sesudah holding diukur menggunakan rasio likuiditas, leverage, profitabilitas, dan Altman Z Score. Objek penelitian adalah PT Pertamina (Persero) dan PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (PGN) Tbk. Periode penelitian yaitu tahun 2015-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan Paired Sample t Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, penulis mendapatkan hasil bahwa setelah pembentukan holding BUMN migas, likuiditas perusahaan mengalami penurunan namun tidak signifikan, sedangkan leverage dan profitabilitas mengalami penurunan signifikan. Altman Z Score mengalami penurunan tidak signifikan setelah pembentukan holding.
North African countries in XXI century: the processes of formation of a new social appearance. Part 1
Authors: Tkachenko Aleksandr A. 
Published: December 2022

The countries of North Africa, which are currently at different stages of social transit, have been undergoing significant, qualitative changes in recent decades, mainly in the 2000s.
The evolution of the social image of the Arab States has become one of the most important consequences of the ongoing large-scale transformations in this region and, more broadly, in the globalized world. Geopolitical and geoeconomic parameters/features of the object of the study - the North African countries with their hundreds of tribes and clans predetermine significant differences in the nature and dynamics of transformation and development of selected states. This is due to significant differences in historical-cultural development, ethnic and confessional composition within a large group of countries, and their population. This group includes numerous states that differ in natural and geographic environment and have a rich historic background with its particular case in each country.
Today there exists a rather mixed picture of positions that selected countries of the region hold in the “world ranking” of the level and dynamics of economic development, quality of human capital, scale of poverty, framework conditions for investment, demographic factor, urbanization, environmental protection, etc. All of this directly affects implementation of renovation/modernization concept - the key mega trend of social development of the region in recent decades. On the whole, for the past 50 years the shifts have been limited (but anyone could say that this is just the beginning). This article is devoted mainly to the analysis of the factors influencing the formation of a new social image of the North African countries.