bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement of parents in child-focused interventions
Authors: Burney Victoria , McCann Clare M , Arnold-Saritepe Angela 
Published: April 2022

Background: Parent engagement in interventions for their children is considered necessary to the success of many allied health services. Currently, however, the concept of engagement is poorly defined and minimally understood. While literature on engagement is emerging, a coordinated overview of the topic from related disciplines is notably absent. Without this, it is difficult to translate insights of parent engagement into practical strategies for clinicians. The aim of this review is to systematically search the literature to identify factors relevant to parent engagement in child-focused interventions.
Methods/Design: This review will follow a systematised literature review procedure, with a focus on comprehensive searching as well as application of quality appraisal and analysis steps. A search of five electronic databases will be undertaken, alongside citation tracking and hand searching of literature. Articles will be screened for relevance in a two-stage process (exclusion by title/abstract and exclusion at full text review), aligned with inclusion and exclusion criteria consistent with the review question. Included literature will be assessed for quality using a tool relevant to the study methods (quantitative or qualitative). Data analysis will include narrative synthesis for quantitative studies, and thematic synthesis for qualitative studies.
Discussion: This review will explore literature on parent engagement across related child-focused interventions, to better define the concept of engagement and identify factors which contribute to parents being engaged in the treatment of their children. This information may guide further research on engagement of parents, and support practitioners working to develop interventions that maximally engage parents for optimal child outcomes.
Effect of H. Pylori on Fibrinogen Level among Sudanese Patients at Khsartoum State
Authors: Alias Nahla Mohammed , Elkarsany Mubarak Saeed Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral shaped pathogenic bacterium that specifically colonizes the gastric epithelium causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and/or gastric malignancy.
Aim: To assess the effect of H. pylori on fibrinogen level of Sudanese patients with diabetes millets (D.M) living in Khartoum state.
Subjects and Methods: This was case control study conducted among Sudanese diabetic patients during the period from May 2018 to July 2021. A total of 181 diabetics patients are involved in this study. Citrated blood and stool samples were collected from each participant. All stool samples were tested for the presence of H. pylori antigen by using commercially available H. pylori antigen detection card. Based on the result examination for H. pylori the study population are sub grouped in two groups one group 124 of cases with Positive H. pylori antigen and another group 57 of controls with negative H. pylori infection. Both groups were assessed for the fibrinogen level. Data was gathered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.
Results: Our results revealed that cases have slightly higher values of fibrinogen levels 326.29± 89.99 mg/dl compared to 309.47± 90.82 mg/dl for control group. However, the statistical analysis indicate that the difference was remain insignificant with P-value of 0.246. Among cases group gender concerned the fibrinogen concentration mean in the plasma of male 336.2±98.5 mg/dl was higher than female 311.1±73.4 mg/dl.
Conclusion: they were insignificant association between fibrinogen level and presence of H. pylori infection among Sudanese diabetic patients. gender concerned the fibrinogen concentration in the plasma in H. pylori among males showed higher levels than females.
Extraction and Evaluation of Musa paradisiaca Stem Mucilage as a Pharmaceutical Excipient
Authors: Rajyam R. Lakshmi , Keerthana M. , Sowmya D. V. , Vidyavathi M. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: In present Pharmaceutical trend, natural excipients are gaining more importance because of their availability, safety, performance, and cost. The present work aimed at extraction of the mucilage from the stem of Musa paradisiaca (banana) and evaluation of extracted mucilage for its binding and disintegrating properties with Paracetamol as a model drug.
Methodology: The mucilage was extracted by aqueous extraction method followed by precipitation and evaluated for various physico-chemical properties. Drug-mucilage compatibility studies were conducted by FT-IR spectrometer. The extracted mucilage in three different concentrations was used to prepare 2 different sets of tablets for evaluation of its binding as well as disintegrating properties. Binding properties and disintegrating properties of the mucilage were compared with starch as standard binder and microcrystalline cellulose as standard disintegrant for the first and second set of tablets respectively. Wet granulation method was used to prepare total eight batches of 1 gm tablets of Paracetamol. Pre compression and post compression parameters of tablets were evaluated. Then the similarity factor for both (binding and disintegration test) were calculated by comparing test and standard tablets in each set.
Results and Discussion: The results of the work shown that the mucilage extracted from the Musa paradisiaca stem (MPS) has similar binding properties as of starch and release retarding effect at increased concentration as disintegrating time was increased when compared to microcrystalline cellulose.
Conclusion: Thus, the mucilage can be used as a better binding agent in the tablet formulation and its high disintegrating time can be explored for its slow release or extended release effect.
Prevalence of Training-related Knee Injuries among Jazan University Students with Determining Possible Related Risk Factors
Authors: Moafa Ramiz J. , Mashbari Hassan , Okmi Ezzuddin A. , Osaili Marwan , Shubair Abdulrahem , Arishi Mohammed , Alnami Anas , Shugairi Ahmad , Altherwi Ayman , Kaal Abdulaziz , Moafa Amirah J. , Kailani Abdulrahman , Khormi Khaled , Alhazemi Alhassan , Alhazmi Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2022

Background: The articulating surface of the knee is the most commonly injured joint in athletes. However, there is a lack of proper prevalence and determinant estimations for knee injury among Jazan University students.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of knee injury among students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia and to identify the associated risk factors. An online self-administered modified Arabic version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaire was distributed to collect data from the students. 884 participants were included and met our inclusion criteria.
Results: The overall prevalence of knee injuries was 18% (n = 156). Ninety-two injuries were due to sports activity. Men were 2.7 more likely to have a knee injury than women. Performing 2–3 hours of training every week increased the likelihood of knee injury by 1.7 times more than being inactive or performing only 1 hour of activity per week. An increase in the body mass index was associated with knee injury.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the high prevalence of knee injury among male students with a high body mass index, especially those studying in medical colleges. Further large-scale research is needed to address the limitations of this study and generalize the results to a larger population.
High Prevalence but Low Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction on Quality of Life in Patients With Lupus and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Monahan Rory C. , Middelkoop Huub A. M. , Beaart‐van de Voorde Liesbeth J. J. , Fronczek Rolf , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Steup‐Beekman Gerda M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment on health‐related‐quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms.MethodsPatients with SLE and NP symptoms referred to the Leiden NPSLE clinic (2007–2019) were included. In a multidisciplinary evaluation, NP symptoms were attributed to SLE (NPSLE: inflammatory, ischemic, or both combined) or other causes. Four cognitive domains were determined: global cognitive function (score 0–30), learning and memory, executive function and complex attention, and psychomotor speed (all T scores). HRQoL was determined using the mental component score and physical component score of the Short Form 36 health survey. The associations between cognition and NPSLE phenotype and cognition and HRQoL were assessed with multiple regression analyses and linear mixed models corrected for confounding and expressed in SDs.ResultsA total of 357 patients (86% female, mean age 44 years) were included. Of those 357 patients, 169 had a follow‐up visit (median follow‐up 11 months). Impairment in global cognitive function was present in 8% of patients, and in all other cognitive domains in ±50%. The most severe impairment (all domains) was seen in patients with a combined NPSLE phenotype. Diffuse cognitive impairment (learning and memory, executive function and complex attention, and psychomotor speed) was most common and was present more often in patients with an inflammatory phenotype. A weak association between cognition and HRQoL was found both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. In general, 1 SD lower scores on the cognitive domains were associated with at most one‐fifth SD lower HRQoL.ConclusionObjective cognitive impairment is common in SLE patients with NP symptoms, but may have a limited influence on HRQoL.
High‐Precision Printing of Complex Glass Imaging Optics with Precondensed Liquid Silica Resin
Authors: Hong Zhihan , Ye Piaoran , Loy Douglas A. , Liang Rongguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract3D printing of optics has gained significant attention in optical industry, but most of the research has been focused on organic polymers. In spite of recent progress in 3D printing glass, 3D printing of precision glass optics for imaging applications still faces challenges from shrinkage during printing and thermal processing, and from inadequate surface shape and quality to meet the requirements for imaging applications. This paper reports a new liquid silica resin (LSR) with higher curing speed, better mechanical properties, lower sintering temperature, and reduced shrinkage, as well as the printing process for high‐precision glass optics for imaging applications. It is demonstrated that the proposed material and printing process can print almost all types of optical surfaces, including flat, spherical, aspherical, freeform, and discontinuous surfaces, with accurate surface shape and high surface quality for imaging applications. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method can print complex optical systems with multiple optical elements, completely removing the time‐consuming and error‐prone alignment process. Most importantly, the proposed printing method is able to print optical systems with active moving elements, significantly improving system flexibility and functionality. The printing method will enable the much‐needed transformational manufacturing of complex freeform glass optics that are currently inaccessible with conventional processes.
Time Rules the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Chen Yang , Li Qing , Chen Junmeng , Mo Junfeng , Jin Ming , Yang Qianzhan , Rizzello Loris , Tian Xiaohe , Luo Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLack of adequate effector T cells infiltrated in tumor is one of the main problems in the failure of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced acute inflammation can sensitize tumors and activate T cells, thus assisting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) against tumor growth and metastasis. T cells maturation and activation lag 3 to 7 days behind PDT. However, such timing in the combination therapy of ICI and PDT is commonly ignored in designing numerous multi‐functional integrated nanomedicines. Herein, the authors illustrate that intervention timing of ICI after PDT affects the anti‐tumor efficacy. A tumor‐targeting nanomedicine is prepared by encapsulating indocyanine green into CD44 specifically binding material, a hyaluronic acid conjugated lipid poly(ethylene glycol). The PDT nanomedicine is designed to induce a robust immune response in tumor. The optimal group (Combo‐STAR), ICI gave 5 days after PDT, significantly suppresses local tumor growth and eliminates metastasis. What should be highlighted is the time point of administration because if ICI is given too early, T cells are immature, otherwise, T cells are exhausted if ICI is given too late. This work presents theoretical guidance for raising awareness of intervention timing when augmenting ICBT with immune response inducers in clinic.
The crucial factors influencing the development and outcomes of postoperative delirium in proximal femur fractures
Authors: Rajeev Aysha , Railton Catherine , Devalia Kailash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to find the incidence, risks, and reasons for prolonged length of hospital stay, short, long‐term mortality, and the factors contributing to mortality of postoperative delirium in proximal femoral fractures.MethodsThe data for the study was obtained from National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) and internal hospital computer systems (Medway, ICE, Clinic letters) between January 2018 and December 2019. One hundred seventy‐five patients were found have developed postoperative delirium. The outcomes measured were postoperative anemia, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, urinary retention, cardiac event and stroke, alcohol or drug withdrawal, length of hospital stay, and 30 day and 1 year mortality.ResultsThe patients who developed delirium were 68 (38.9%) with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 4 and 94 (22.3%) without delirium (p < 0.05). The average length of stay after developing postoperative delirium was 19.69 days compared to 17.4 days for patients without delirium. The mortality at 30 days and 1 year was 10.9% and 37% in patients who had postoperative delirium compared to 2.1% and 2.8% to those without delirium, respectively.ConclusionPostoperative delirium is three times more common in hip fractures. Early detection and timely management are crucial in the improvement of functional outcomes and mortality.
Burden of disease, treatment utilization, and the impact on education and employment in patients with sickle cell disease: A comparative analysis of high‐ and low‐ to middle‐income countries for the international Sickle Cell World Assessment Survey
Authors: Osunkwo Ifeyinwa , James John , El‐Rassi Fuad , Nero Alecia , Minniti Caterina P. , Trimnell Cassandra , Paulose Jincy , Ramscar Nicholas , Bailey Tom , Rajkovic‐Hooley Olivera , Andemariam Biree 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe international Sickle Cell World Assessment Survey (SWAY) reported a high impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) on patients' daily lives globally. In this study, we analyzed whether the reported burden differed between patients from the USA (n = 384) and other high‐income (HI; n = 820) or low‐ to middle‐income (LMI; n = 941) countries. We assessed symptoms and complications, incidence/management of vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs), treatment utilization/satisfaction, and the impact of SCD on education/employment. Certain symptoms (bone aches, insomnia, and joint stiffness) and complications (swollen/painful fingers/toes, gallstones, vision problems, blood clots, and asthma) were reported proportionally more by patients in the USA than in the HI/LMI countries. Self‐reported VOCs were more common (mean [SD]: 7.1 [5.7] vs. 5.5 [8.9] and 4.4 [4.6] in the previous 12 months) and were managed more often by hospitalization (52% vs. 24% and 32%) in the USA than the HI and LMI countries. A higher proportion of patients from the USA than the HI/LMI countries reported a negative impact of SCD on their employment/schooling. Although high overall satisfaction with current treatments was reported globally, most patients indicated a strong desire for alternative pain medications. There are likely several reasons for the relatively high patient‐reported burden in the USA group compared with the HI/LMI countries, including an older population and differences in newborn screening programs and pediatric/adult transition of care. It is clear that there is an urgent need for improved understanding and management of SCD globally, not just in the USA.
The role of cilia for hydrocephalus formation
Authors: Wallmeier Julia , Dallmayer Marlene , Omran Heymut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrocephalus is a common finding in newborns. In most cases, it is caused by intraventricular hemorrhage associated with prematurity, whereas in some patients the cause of hydrocephalus can be traced back to genetic changes, associated with disease syndromes such as RASopathies, lysosomal storage diseases, dystroglycanopathies, craniosynostosis but also ciliopathies. Ciliopathies are a group of diseases that can affect multiple organ systems due to dysfunction or the absence of cilia. Cilia are small organelles, extending from the cell surface. Nonmotile monocilia are ubiquitously present during cell development fulfilling chemosensory functions, whereas specialized epithelia such as the ependyma, lining the inner surface of the brain ventricles, exhibit multiciliated cells propelling fluids along the cell surface. This review highlights ciliopathies and their pathophysiology in congenital hydrocephalus. While nonmotile ciliopathies are often associated with severe prenatal hydrocephalus combined with other severe congenital brain malformations, motile ciliopathies, especially those associated with defects in multiciliogenesis can cause hydrocephalus and chronic lung disease.
“Celts” up and down the Alps. Insights on mobility patterns in thepre‐Roman/Celtic population from Verona (NEItaly, 3rd–1st c.BCE): A multi‐isotopic approach
Authors: Laffranchi Zita , Granados‐Torres Arsenio , Lösch Sandra , Zink Albert , Dori Irene , Delgado‐Huertas Antonio , Milella Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Late Iron Age in continental Europe featured complex demographic processes including, among others, the establishment of transalpine “Celtic” communities on the Italian peninsula between the 4th and 1st centuries BCE. To date, only few data are available about mobility and migration in these populations. Here we explore these topics among the Cenomani of Seminario Vescovile (SV‐Verona, Italy, 3rd–1st c. BCE) through a multi‐isotopic approach and test the possible associations with sex, age and funerary treatment.Materials and methodsWe analyzed isotopic ratios of oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) from bone phosphate and collagen, respectively, of 49 individuals (23 males, 17 females, and 9 nonadults). In addition, we explored possible intraindividual lifetime changes by comparing collagenδ13C from bone and dentine of 26 individuals. We assessed nonlocality based on individual deviation of isotopic values from the population mean plus three times the median absolute deviation from the median (±3MAD). We then checked for isotopic differences between sexes and type of funerary treatment using Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsOne individual shows isotopic values consistent with a nonlocal origin. Five more individuals may have originated from a different locality. No statistical differences separate sexes and types of funerary treatment.DiscussionResults suggest a local origin of most of the individuals of SV with the few exceptions pointing especially to an Alpine origin. The low frequency of nonlocals at SV suggest a reduced mobility in this population, or the preeminence of short distance movements undetected by our analyses.
Menopause Status Moderates Sex Differences in Tau Burden: A Framingham PET Study
Authors: Buckley Rachel F. , O'Donnell Adrienne , McGrath Emer R. , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Lois Cristina , Satizabal Claudia L. , Ghosh Saptaparni , Rubinstein Zoe B. , Murabito Joanne M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A. , Seshadri Sudha , Beiser Alexandra S. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWomen have a higher lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. Among cognitively normal (CN) older adults, women exhibit elevated tau positron emission tomography (PET) signal compared with men. We explored whether menopause exacerbates sex differences in tau deposition in middle‐aged adults.Methods328 CN participants from the Framingham Study (mean age = 57 years (±10 years), 161 women, of whom, 104 were post‐menopausal) underwent tau and β‐amyloid (Aβ)‐PET neuroimaging. We examined global Aβ‐PET, and tau‐PET signal in 5 regions identified a priori as demonstrating significant sex differences in older adults (in temporal, inferior parietal, middle frontal, and lateral occipital regions). We examined sex and menopause status‐related differences in each region‐of‐interest, using linear regressions, as well as interactions with Aβ and APOEε4 genotype.ResultsWomen exhibited higher tau‐PET signal (p < 0.002), and global Aβ‐PET (p = 0.010), than men in inferior parietal, rostral middle frontal, and lateral occipital regions. Compared with age‐matched men, post‐menopausal women showed significantly higher tau‐PET signal in parieto‐occipital regions (p < 0.0001). By contrast, no differences in tau‐PET signal existed between pre‐menopausal women and men. Aβ‐PET was not associated with menopausal status or age. Neither Aβ‐PET nor APOEε4 status moderated sex or menopause associations with tau‐PET.InterpretationClear divergence in tauopathy between the sexes are apparent approximately 20 years earlier than previously reported. Menopause status moderated sex differences in Aβ and tau‐PET burden, with tau first appearing post‐menopause. Sex and menopause differences consistently appeared in middle frontal and parieto‐occipital regions but were not moderated by Aβ burden or APOEε4, suggesting that menopause‐related tau vulnerability may be independent of AD‐related pathways. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:11–22
Unique structure and new thermophysical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) in nanocomposites based on nanoporous polypropylene matrices
Authors: Yarysheva Alena Yu. , Bakirov Artem V. , Yarysheva Larisa M. , Arzhakov Maxim S. , Arzhakova Olga V. , Chvalun Sergey N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanocomposites were prepared by tensile drawing of PP films in water–ethanol solutions containing PEO with molecular masses of 4, 20, and 200 kDa via environmental crazing (EC). EC of PP films is accompanied by the development of nanoporous structure, which is loaded with the PEO component. The content of PEO in the PP − PEO nanocomposites can achieve 40%. Crystallization of PEO within the nanoporous PP matrix proceeds under the conditions of the confined space: as a result, the degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of PEO are markedly reduced. This effect appears to be more pronounced as the molecular mass of PEO increases. The direction of orientation of the PEO crystalline lamellae also depends on the molecular mass of PEO. The prepared PP‐PEO composites with new thermophysical properties of PEO can be used as gas‐separation membranes as well as in microelectronics and electrochemical devices.