bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Вопросы права в сфере искусственного интеллекта и его использование в корпоративном праве
Authors: Бозаров Сардор 
Published: February 2022

В данной статье, проведен анализ наступившей цифровой эры. Трансформирующей понятие о способах и средствах производства. На пороге новой промышленной революции. Сегодня, по мнению автора, внедрение искусственного интеллекта и роботов в экономике становится неизбежным. При этом, степень воздействия человека на ход производственного цикла постепенно уменьшается и заменяется программами. Которые, определяют по цифровым алгоритмам поведение роботов и образ мышления искусственного интеллекта.
Вместе с тем, сегодня на повестке дня стоит правовая оценка природы искусственного интеллекта. “И” и его регламентация, а также, порядок его использования. В этой связи, проанализированы, возможные подходы к раскрытию вопросов юридической ответственности искусственного интеллекта в качестве участника (исполнителя) функций в корпоративных отношениях. Прежде всего, изучается возможность признания у робота (машины), обладающего искусственным интеллектом, свойств субъекта права, а также рассматриваются возможности и пути признания правосубъектности искусственного интеллекта в кибер пространстве. Кроме того, автором определены возможные механизмы привлечения к юридической ответственности роботов, и прогнозируются краткосрочные, среднесрочные и долгосрочные перспективы нормотворчества в сфере установления правоспособности и ответственности искусственного интеллекта.
Ўзбекистонда 1960-1980 йиллардаги пахта якка хокимлиги даврида болалар соғлигига таъсир кўрсатган омиллар
Authors: Тагаев Мамаразак 
Published: February 2022

1960-1980 йилларда Ўзбекистонда болалар соғлиғига таъсир кўрсатган омиллар, бу химия саноатини Ўзбекистонда етакчи тармоқга айланганлиги, уларнинг салбий таъсири, пестицид қолдиқлари сув таркибида кўпроқ бўлиши аҳоли ўртасида сурункали касалликларнинг ортиб бориши, вирусли гепатит, ҳавфли касалликлар, ич терлама, паратив тиф, церроз, аллергик ва ошқозон-ичак касалликлари, зарарли ўсимталар, сил касаллиги, саноат корхонасининг аҳоли турар жойлари яқинида жойлашганлиги, санитар ҳимоявий зоналарга эга эмаслиги санитар-маиший яшаш шароитлари ёмонлашиши, Орол денгизининг жануби-шарқий қисмида юқумли касалликлар, 80-йилларда экологиянинг ёмонлашуви натижасида болалар ўлими яна кучая бошланганлиги ёритилган.
Polymorphism of Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) Gene in Obes People with the Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Setyawati Tri , Walanda Ryka Marina , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Sunarti Sunarti 
Published: February 2022

History with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is manifested by the presence of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction which prerequisites for T2DM development involving unbalanced energy intake and expenditure. Uncoupling gene protein 2 is the main regulator of energy balance. This study aims to determine the UCP2 -866G/A genetic variation in obese individuals with a family history of T2DM and without a family history of T2DM. The study was a case control design in which the case subjects (n = 60) were obese individuals with a family history of T2DM and control subjects (n = 60) without a family history of T2DM. Polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. The value of HOMA-IR and HOMA-β was calculated by the HOMA formula. Data was analyzed by Independent Sample t-test, Mann Whitney U-test, Chi-Square test and Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The frequency of genotype and alleles in obese individuals with a family history of T2DM and without a history of T2DM did not differ significantly, GA+AA (56.7 %) and A (32.5 %) allele was higher in individuals with a family history of T2DM. The GG+AA genotype in the male group with a family history of T2DM could significantly increase the risk of UCP2 gene polymorphism in T2DM by 2.23 times (CI 95 % 0.64 - 8.14) whereas in the female group there was no risk of T2DM. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β value in both family background did not differ significantly. The value of HOMA-β in the female gender group had significant relationship between obese individuals with a family history of T2DM (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The result suggests obese individuals with a family history of T2DM have a higher risk of getting GA+AA genotypes and A allele than individuals without a family history of T2DM.
HIGHLIGHTS

Energy intake that exceeds energy expenditure will cause body fat mass to increase when a state of positive energy balance occurs
The genetic component for obesity is associated with relative risks between family relationships and body composition relationships
The obese individuals with a family history of T2DM have a higher risk of GA + AA genotype and A allele than individuals without a family history of T2DM

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration® (EASI) Vestibular and Proprioceptive Tests: Construct Validity and Internal Reliability
Authors: Mailloux Zoe , Grady-Dominguez Patricia , Petersen Jennifer , Parham L. Diane , Roley Susanne Smith , Bundy Anita , Schaaf Roseann C. 
Published: February 2022

Importance: Vestibular and proprioceptive functions play a critical role in occupational performance and participation. Assessment of these functions in a reliable and valid manner is part of a comprehensive assessment in the Ayres Sensory Integration® frame of reference, commonly applied in pediatric occupational therapy.
Objective: To report on reliability and validity of six tests of vestibular and proprioceptive functions of the Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration (EASI).
Design: We used Rasch analyses to examine and modify the number of items and scoring categories on the six tests and known-groups analysis to examine group differences. We evaluated internal consistency using Cronbach’s α and Rasch person reliability.
Participants: The sample contained typically developing children (n = 150) and children with sensory integration concerns (n = 84); all participated voluntarily.
Outcomes and Measures: The EASI is used to measure sensory and motor functions in children ages 3 to 12 yr. The six tests of vestibular and proprioceptive functions were analyzed in this study.
Results: Data from &gt;96% of items conformed to the expectations of the model. We found statistically significant group differences (ps &lt; .001–.128; ds = 0.20–1.31), with the typically developing children group scoring significantly higher on all but one test, and moderate to strong evidence of internal consistency (Rasch person-reliability indices ≥ 0.80; strata &gt; 3) for five of six tests.
Conclusions and Relevance: The EASI vestibular and proprioceptive tests have strong construct validity and internal reliability, indicating that they are psychometrically sound clinical measures.
What This Article Adds: The development of occupational therapy assessments with strong psychometric properties, such as the EASI tests of vestibular and proprioceptive functions, enhances clinical practice and research by elucidating the factors affecting participation in accurate and dependable ways so that occupational therapy interventions can be focused and effective.
Block-Holders and Dividends: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Shazia , Mumtaz Raheel , Rehan Muhammad Farooq 
Published: February 2022

This study is designed to examine the effect of multiple large shareholders on dividend payouts. We employed the data of seventy-five non-financial firms of the KSE-100 index from 2006 to 2018. Results report that the multiple large shareholders have a significant negative effect on dividend payouts. It implies that a weak legal structure supports large shareholders to expropriate wealth from the minorities. Moreover, we find that firms pay more dividends when they have a high level of profitability, larger assets, lower debt in the capital mix, and greater cash holding. Thus, our study contributes to the scant literature of block-holders and dividend payouts policy.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors that Impede the Purcase of Packaged Milk in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Hannan , Husssain Shabbar , Hussain Nasir 
Published: February 2022

Understanding clients and their consumption patterns, as well as the factors that influence their decisions, is all that matters in today's increasingly saturated, competitive, and savvy market. The goal of this study is to look into the reasons that make it difficult for customers to purchase packaged milk. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to milk buyers, with 587 of them being comprised in study who favored fresh milk. The convenience sampling method was utilized. All of the study's components, such as perceived price unfairness, low sensory appeal, perceived poor product quality, and perceived deception in ads influenced the attitude of milk purchasers, which in turn influenced their purchase intention. The findings of this study will help marketing executives at milk processing businesses better grasp the dynamics as they design strategies.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Stunting Sangat Pendek dan Pendek pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Kecamatan Sawah Besar
Authors: Rahmawati Luluk Atmi , Ranggauni Hardy Fathinah , Anggraeni Ayu 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Salah satu masalah gizi yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia adalah kejadian balita pendek (stunting). Stunting adalah hal yang sangat penting karena akan memengaruhi sumber daya manusia di masa depan.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan total sampel 91 balita stunting berusia 24-59 bulan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling.
Hasil: Balita pendek lebih banyak (76,9%) daripada balita sangat pendek (23,1%). Tidak ada hubungan antara usia Ibu (p value=0,503), pendidikan Ibu (p value=0,924), status pekerjaan (p value=0,737), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,534), pengetahuan Ibu (p value=0,829), ragam makanan (p value=0,893), riwayat penyakit (p value=0,348), pola istirahat (p value=0,714), dan aktivitas fisik (p value=0,171) dengan stunting sangat pendek dan pendek. Ada hubungan antara ASI eksklusif (p value=0,006), dan pola asuh (p value=0,004) dengan stunting sangat pendek dan pendek.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara ASI eksklusif dan pola asuh dengan stunting sangat pendek dan pendek. Dalam hal ini maka perlu diadakannya sosialisasi pada orang tua balita mengenai pemberian ASI eksklusif dan praktik pola asuh yang baik dan benar
Related Factors of Very Short and Short Stunting In Children Aged 24 59 Months in Kecamatan Sawah Besar
AbstractBackground: One of the nutritional problems faced by Indonesia is the occurrence of short toddlers (stunting). Stunting is very important because it will affect human resources in the future.Methods: The design of this study used a cross sectional study with a total sample of 91 stunting toddlers aged 24-59 months. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling Results: Stunting are more (76.9%) than severe stunting (23.1%). There were no correlation between mother’s age (p value = 0.503), mother education (p value = 0.924), employment status (p value = 0.737), family income (p value = 0.534), mother’s knowledge (p value = 0.829), variance foods (p value = 0.893), disease history (p value = 0.348), rest pattern (p value = 0.714), and physical activity (p value = 0.171) with stunting and severe stunting. There were have correlation between exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 0.006), and parenting (p value = 0.004) with severe stunting and stunting.Conclusions: There were have correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and parenting with a severe stunting and stunting. In this case, it is necessary to have more socialization for parents about exclusive breastfeeding practice and parenting practices in the right way.Keywords: stunting, severely stunting, toodler, parenting
Herd Immunity Tantangan New Normal Era Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Hardy Fathinah Ranggauni 
Published: February 2022

Penyebaran virus corona Covid-19 semakin berkembang secara pesat di seluruh dunia. Kondisi ini menyebabkan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menetapkan wabah ini menjadi pandemi global. Di samping status wabah Covid-19 ini, muncul istilah Herd Immunity dalam dunia kesehatan sebagai upaya perlindungan diri atau imunitas tubuh dan tantangan pada era new normal saat ini. Herd immunity bisa muncul dengan cara membiarkan virus terus menyebar sehingga banyak orang terinfeksi dan apabila mereka sembuh, banyak orang akan kebal sehingga wabah akan hilang dengan sendirinya karena virus sulit menemukan host atau inang untuk membuatnya tetap hidup dan berkembang. Semakin banyak orang yang mengalami Herd Immunity akan berdampak bagi lingkungan sosialnya yaitu melindungi kelompok masyarakat yang bukan merupakan sasaran imunisasi dari penyakit atau virus yang menyerang. Herd Immunity bisa tercipta dengan menggunakan dua cara: Dengan cara menyuntikkan vaksinasi atau obat untuk penangkalan penyebaran virus tersebut. Kekebalan tersebut akan muncul dari vaksin yang disuntikkan dan tidak membuat virus dari orang yang terjangkit menular pada orang lain. Herd Immunity bisa tercipta tidak dengan suntik vaksin, yaitu dengan cara alami. Herd Immunity akan tercipta apabila dalam satu kelompok sudah banyak yang terpapar virus, maka orang lain dalam masyarakat tersebut akan memiliki tingkat kekebalan yang baik dengan sendirinya dan bisa menangkal penyebaran virus. Pada kasus virus Covid-19, sampai saat ini memang belum ditemukan vaksin atau obat yang dapat menangkal penyebarannya. Maka Herd Immunity hanya dapat dijalankan dengan cara alami yaitu dengan cara pemulihan pasien yang sudah terinfeksi. Cara alamiah yang dimaksud yaitu dengan membiarkan Covid-19 menginfeksi sebagian besar orang di beberapa wilayah. Banyaknya yang terinfeksi kemudian akan menciptakan Herd Immunity. Memilih menggunakan cara alami penciptaan Herd Immunity pada penanganan virus Covid-19 sebenarnya tidak disarankan untuk menjadi pilihan utama. Hal itu dikarenakan tingkat infeksi yang sangat cepat di seluruh dunia hingga dapat mengakibatkan kematian maka cara tersebut justru membahayakan lingkungan. Ada upaya lain yang bisa diterapkan untuk menahan penyebaran virus Covid-19, yaitu dengan membatasi kontak orang-ke-orang dan mendesak masyarakat untuk mengambil langkah-langkah untuk melindungi diri mereka sendiri dan orang lain atau yang dikenal dengan istilah Social Distancing atau Physical Distancing.
Efektivitas Pelatihan dengan Media Phantom dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Perawatan Payudara dan Asi Ekslusif pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Nurrizka Rahmah Hida , Wenny Dwi Mutia 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Dalam meningkatkan pemberian ASI pada bayi, Ibu menyusui membutuhkan bantuan dan informasi serta dukungan dalam perawatan payudara pada saat hamil untuk mempersiapkan pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini menganalisis sejauh mana pelatihan perawatan payudara dengan menggunakan media phantom memberikan efektivitas terhadap perubahan pengetahuan Ibu menyusui.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain stusi preeksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Penelitian dilakukan pada Ibu Hamil yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Pondok cabe Ilir.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan ibu setelah dilakukan pelatihan dengan media phantom (nilai sig < 0.05).
Kesimpulan: Pelatihan dengan penggunaan media phantom Imenunjukkan efektivitas yang baik sebagai media pelatihan kepada ibu menyusui. Oleh sebab itu, pelatihan dengan media phantom perlu terus dilakukan agar pemberian ASI ekslusif dapat meningkat.
Effectiveness of Training with Phantom Media as Treatment of Breastfeeding Success
Abstract
Background: Pregnant and nursing mothers need information on breast care to prepare for breastfeeding. This study analyzes the extent to which breast care training using phantom media provides effectiveness in changing the knowledge for pregnant mother.
Methods: This study was pre-experimental design which one group pretest and posttest design. It conducted on pregnant women who visited the Pondok Cabe Ilir health center during September 2019. Data were analyzed using t dependent test.
Result: The results showed a significant change in the mother's knowledge after training with phantom media (sig <0,05).
Conclution: The training with phantom media showed good effectiveness as a training medium in pregnant women. Therefore, training with phantom media needs to be carried out so that exclusive breastfeeding runs well.
Kebersihan Perorangan dan Kecacingan pada Siswa SDN 128 Pekanbaru
Authors: Sari Nila Puspita , Hayati Zahratul 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Infeksi cacing kerap menjadi permasalah bagi anak sekolah. Aktivitas bermain pada anak yang tidak memperdulikan kondisi higiene perorangan dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Cacingan berakibat buruk pada kemampuan anak dalam menerima dan mengikuti pelajaran di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kecacingan pada siswa sekolah dasar
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SDN 128 Pekanbaru kelas 2,3 dan 4, dengan sampel sebanyak 47 orang (purposive sampling). Dilakukan analisis data dengan uji chi-square dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat ukur, pemeriksaan laboratorium, serta pengolahan data menggunakan komputerisasi.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cuci tangan pakai sabun, pengunaan alas kaki, kebersihan jari kuku, jajan sembarangan, dan bermain tanah (P value= 0,001;0,002; 0,001; 0,003; 0,001) memiliki hubungan dengan kecacingan pada siswa sekolah dasar di SDN 128 Kota Pekanbaru.
Kesimpulan: Dinas Kesehatan diharapkan adanya kerjasama dengan Puskesmas dan Pihak Sekolah untuk memberikan pembinaan, penyuluhan, dan pemberian obat cacing berkala pada siswa sekolah dasar agar terhindar dari risiko penyakit cacingan.
Personal Hygiene and Helminthiasis of Primary School Students 128 in Pekanbaru
Abstract
Background: An elementary school student is very vulnerable to helminthiasis infections, this is caused by their habit of playing and they usually do not pay attention to their hygiene and environment. These can cause affect the children able to receive and attend the school lessons. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and helminthiasis at elementary students.
Methods: This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design, with respondents SDN 128 Pekanbaru. Populations were students of SDN 128 Pekanbaru at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade and samples are 47 people (purposive sampling). Data analysis used chi-square test, questionnaire, laboratory test, and processing data using computerization.
Result: This research showed that there as a correlation between washing hand with soap, using footwear, nails hygiene, eating ransom snack, and playing on the ground (P value= 0,001; 0,002; 0,001; 0,003; 0,001) with the incidence of helminthiasis.
Conclusion: Suggested to the nearest institution which is the health service, hoped to assume the operation with the health center and the school to provide counseling and giving o worm medicines regularly to elementary students to prevent the incidence of helminthiasis.
a AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix D.C.)
Authors: Husnah Yeni Avidhatul 
Published: February 2022

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) is Indonesia native plant. During this time, the use of kaffir lime plants is still limited to a small portion spices ingredients and aromatherapy oils for industry. The compounds of leaves of C. hystrix are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils that are cytotoxic to cancer cell lines. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of cytotoxicity and phagocytosis activity induced by leaves extract of C. hystrix on macrophage cells and the potention leaves extract of C. hystrix as imunomodulator. This study include sampling kaffir lime leaves, extraction with ethanol and methanol, qualitative phytochemical analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), test of cytotoxicity with WST-1 assay, and macrophage cell phagocytosis activity test. TLC test results of methanol and ethanol extract showed that the leaves of C. hystrix contain secundary metabolite these are: tannins, terpenes, saponins and flavonoids. Cytotoxicity test results showed that IC50 value of the methanol extract of kaffir lime leaves was 0.677 µg / mL and toxic to the macrophage cells. The phagocytosis assay showed that the index value, activity and phagocytic capacity of C. hystrix at various dose was lower compared to that of control cells. Methanol extract lime leaves did not to improve the index, activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Methanol extract lime leaves did not potential as imunomodulator.

Keywords: Citrus hystrix D. C, macrophages, cytotoxicity, WST-1 assay, phagocytic activity
AKTIVITAS FRAKSI NONPOLAR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR DADANGKAK (Hydrolea spinosa L) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Zaini Muhammad , Soediono Jhudi Bonosari , Shofia Vivi , Ajrina Amalia 
Published: February 2022

Akar Dadangkak (Hydrolea spinosa L) secara empiris digunakan oleh masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetes fraksi nonpolar dari ekstrak etanol akar dadangkak. Penelitian dimulai dengan ekstraksi akar dadangkak (250 gram) secara maserasi dengan etanol, diperoleh ekstrak etanol (16,62 g). Ekstrak etanol difraksinasi dengan n-Heksan dan Petroleum Eter. Uji antidiabetes menggunakan tikus wistar jantan 20 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok Perlakuan. Kelompok I diberi akuades 2 mL/200 g BB ; kelompok II diberi Glibenklamid 0,45 mg/kgBB ; Kelompok III diberi fraksi n-heksan 100 mg/kg BB dan kelompok IV diberi fraksi Petroleum eter 100 mg/kg BB. Sebelum diberi perlakuan, tikus diinduksi Aloksan dengan dosis 150 mg/kg BB secara intraperitoneal. Hari ke-4 setelah induksi, tikus diberi perlakuan kontrol dan fraksi-fraksi selama 7 hari secara peroral. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 4 dan 12 menggunakan Gluco-DR. Kadar glukosa darah diuji dengan SPSS taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan glukosa darah oleh fraksi n-heksan adalah 189,8 ± 13,59 mg/dL dan fraksi petroleum eter adalah 437,6 ± 8,98 mg/dL. Fraksi n-heksan mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus secara signifikan (sig<0.05) dibandingkan terhadap kelompok kontrol. Sedangkan pemberian fraksi Petroleum eter tidak menujukkan penurunan glukosa darah yang signifikan (sig>0.05).