bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atlantic equatorial deep jets in Argo float data
Authors: Bastin Swantje , Claus Martin , Brandt Peter , Greatbatch Richard J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Equatorial deep jets (EDJ) are zonal currents along the equator in all three ocean basins that alternate in direction with depth and time. In the Atlantic below the thermocline, they are the dominant variability on interannual timescales. Observations of equatorial deep jets are available but scarce, given the EDJs’ location at depth, their small vertical scale and their long periodicity of several years. In the last few years, Argo floats have added a significant amount of measurements at intermediate depth. In this study we therefore revise estimates of the EDJ scales based on Argo float data. Mostly, we use velocity data at 1000 m depth calculated from float displacement, which yield robust estimates of the Atlantic EDJ period (4.6 years), amplitude distribution, phase distribution, zonal wavelength (146.7°), and meridional structure. We also show that the equatorial amplitude of the EDJs’ first meridional mode Rossby wave component (9.8 cm s−1) is larger than that of their Kelvin wave component (2.8 cm s−1). Additionally, we present a new estimation of the EDJs’ vertical structure throughout the Atlantic basin, based on an equatorial geostrophic velocity reconstruction from hydrographic Argo float measurements from depths between 400 and 2000 m. Our new estimates from Argo float data provide the first basin-wide assessment of the Atlantic EDJ scales, as well as having smaller uncertainties than estimates from earlier studies.
Sleepless and Spent in Survivorship: Fatigue and Insomnia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Boldyrev Laura , Ghebremichael Musie S. , Lotz Margaret M. , Kovarie Gabrielle , Kennedy Kelly , Keates Sarah , Pories Susan E. 
Published: March 2022

Background It is estimated that there are 3.8 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. Addressing survivors’ post-treatment needs is critical to providing quality healthcare. Methods A standardized questionnaire for breast cancer survivors was employed to assess the health status, challenges, and concerns of our breast cancer patients at their survivorship visits, which were conducted 4 months after surgery. All patients were seen in the breast center at one community hospital over a 6-year period. Results Responses to a standardized questionnaire that was administered to 505 consecutive breast cancer patients at their survivorship visits 4 months after surgery were evaluated. The most striking finding was that 35% reported symptoms of insomnia, 26% had persistent fatigue, and 19% experienced fatigue that interfered with their usual activities. There was a significant association between symptoms of insomnia and radiation treatment ( P = .004), pain ( P < .001), hormone therapy ( P < .01), and side effects of hormone therapy ( P < .0001). There was also a significant association between fatigue and pain ( P < .001) as well as side effects from hormone treatment ( P = .0036). Conclusions Over a third (35%) of breast cancer patients suffer from insomnia, while over a quarter (26%) complain of fatigue at their survivorship assessments. Contributing factors include radiation treatment, pain, and hormonal therapy. Careful assessment and treatment of fatigue and symptoms of insomnia in breast cancer patients is needed to improve quality of life for survivors.
Patellar button compatibility in the conversion of Patellofemoral Arthroplasty to a Total Knee Arthroplasty: A review of the contemporary literature
Authors: McDonald Laura K , Kurmis Andrew P 
Published: March 2022

Background Compared to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a far less commonly performed operation. However, in carefully selected cohorts, PFA continues to be an appropriate treatment option for end-stage isolated patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. In the later situation whereby a PFA is considered for conversion to a TKA – often due to disease progression – uncertainty remains regarding optimal management of the in situ patellar button. This review of the contemporary literature aimed to provide a summary of the current evidence to support surgeon decision-making, by evaluating the compatibility, efficacy, and survivorship of retained versus revised patellar buttons in PFA-to-TKA conversion. Specific focus was paid to implant design and technical considerations during revision, plus post-operative patient-reported outcomes and modes of secondary patellar component failure. Methods A review of the Embase, Cochrane and PubMed databases was performed following PRISMA search principles. Results This investigation highlights that the fate of patellar buttons in PFA-to-TKA conversion has previously been poorly studied, with scant publication data available. Most reports have been of singular cases or small cohort series. Larger formal RCTs and level 1 evidence are lacking. Conclusion The findings herein suggest that surgeons can confidently retain well-fixed, undamaged, dome-shaped all-polyethylene patellar buttons in the conversion of a PFA to TKA with the expectation of acceptable mid-term performance and survivorship, as long as congruent tracking with the new tibiofemoral components is achieved. This result is likely translatable to the majority of contemporary, all-polyethylene, dome-shaped patellar buttons, even with manufacturer mismatch.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective nationwide study in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Siti NA , Abdul Halim Zaki Izzati , Noordin Zakiah Mohd , Md Hussin Nur Sabiha , Ming Long Chiau , Zulkifly Hanis Hanum 
Published: March 2022

Background Age and multiple comorbidities have been reported to influence the case fatality rate of COVID-19 worldwide, so also in Malaysia; however, to date, no scientific study among the local population has been published to confirm this. This study aimed to determine the overall demographics and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 non-survivors in Malaysia, stratified by age (< 65 vs. ≥ 65 years old). The mortality was also compared between two half-year periods: March–August 2020 and September 2020–March 2021. Method Daily reports containing demographics and medical history of COVID-19 non-survivors from March 2020 to March 2021 were obtained from the Malaysian Ministry of Health website. All information was extracted retrospectively and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS. Results Of 1192 COVID-19 non-survivors, the overall mean (SD) age was 64.8 (15.7) years, with 64.7% male. Death was seen mostly among 50- to 64-year-olds (33.1%) and 65- to 74-year-olds (24.8%). The presence of underlying hypertension (61.8%) and diabetes mellitus (48.2%) were the most common comorbid diseases encountered in the COVID-19 non-survivors. Underlying hypertension, stroke, heart disease and dyslipidaemia were significantly higher among COVID-19 non-survivors who were ≥ 65 years old compared to those < 65 ( p < 0.05). Mortality was a lot higher in September 2020–March 2021 compared to March 2020–August 2020 (91.3% vs. 8.3%). Conclusion Older age, male gender and the presence of multimorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke and heart disease) are risk factors that contribute to mortality due to COVID-19 in Malaysia, especially among those ≥ 65 years old.
The differential role of the lipid raft-associated protein flotillin 2 for progression of myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Pereira Raquel S. , Niemann Julian , Azimpour Alexander I. , Zanetti Costanza , Karantanou Christina , Minka Wahyu , Minciacchi Valentina R. , Kowarz Eric , Meister Melanie , Godavarthy Parimala S. , Maguer-Satta Véronique , Lefort Sylvain , Wiercinska Eliza , Bonig Halvard , Marschalek Rolf , Krause Daniela S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lipid raft-associated proteins play a vital role in membrane-mediated processes. The lipid microdomain-associated protein flotillin 2 (FLOT2), which has a scaffolding function, is involved in polarization, as well as in actin cytoskeletal organization of primitive and mature hematopoietic cells and has been associated with different malignancies. However, its involvement in myeloid leukemias is not well studied. Using murine transplantation models, we show here that the absence of FLOT2 from leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) altered the disease course of BCR-ABL1+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but not of MLL–AF9-driven acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While FLOT2 was required for expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 on both CML- and AML-LIC, a defect in the cytoskeleton, cell polarity, and impaired homing ability of LIC was only observed in FLOT2-deficient BCR-ABL1+ compared with MLL-AF9+ cells. Downstream of CD44, BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent discrepancies were observed regarding expression, localization, and activity of cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) between wild-type (WT) and FLOT2-deficient human CML and AML cells. Inhibition of CDC42 by ML141 impaired the homing of CML LIC and, thereby, CML progression. This suggested that alteration of both CD44 and CDC42 may be causative of impaired CML progression in the absence of FLOT2. In summary, our data suggest a FLOT2-CD44-CDC42 axis, which differentially regulates CML vs AML progression, with deficiency of FLOT2 impairing the development of CML.
Comparative transcriptomics of wild and commercial Citrus during early ripening reveals how domestication shaped fruit gene expression
Authors: Borredá Carles , Perez-Roman Estela , Talon Manuel , Terol Javier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Interspecific hybridizations and admixtures were key in Citrus domestication, but very little is known about their impact at the transcriptomic level. To determine the effects of genome introgressions on gene expression, the transcriptomes of the pulp and flavedo of three pure species (citron, pure mandarin and pummelo) and four derived domesticated genetic admixtures (sour orange, sweet orange, lemon and domesticated mandarin) have been analyzed at color break.

Results
Many genes involved in relevant physiological processes for domestication, such sugar/acid metabolism and carotenoid/flavonoid synthesis, were differentially expressed among samples. In the low-sugar, highly acidic species lemon and citron, many genes involved in sugar metabolism, the TCA cycle and GABA shunt displayed a reduced expression, while the P-type ATPase CitPH5 and most subunits of the vacuolar ATPase were overexpressed. The red-colored species and admixtures were generally characterized by the overexpression in the flavedo of specific pivotal genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene desaturase, β-lycopene cyclase and CCD4b, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. The expression patterns of many genes involved in flavonoid modifications, especially the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferases showed extreme diversity. However, the most noticeable differential expression was shown by a chalcone synthase gene, which catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This chalcone synthase was exclusively expressed in mandarins and their admixed species, which only expressed the mandarin allele. In addition, comparisons between wild and domesticated mandarins revealed that the major differences between their transcriptomes concentrate in the admixed regions.

Conclusion
In this work we present a first study providing broad evidence that the genome introgressions that took place during citrus domestication largely shaped gene expression in their fruits.
Custodiol HTK versus Plegisol: in-vitro comparison with the use of immature (H9C2) and mature (HCM) cardiomyocytes cultures
Authors: Nowicki Rafał , Berezowski Mikołaj , Kulbacka Julita , Bieżuńska-Kusiak Katarzyna , Jasiński Marek , Saczko Jolanta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cardioplegia is used since the ‘70s of the last century, debate on cardioprotection during cardio-surgical procedures is still actual. The selection of a particular method depends mainly on the preferences and experience of a specific center or even surgeon. Crystalloid cardioplegia is an aqueous ion solution similar to intracellular (Custodiol HTK) or extracellular (Plegisol) fluid. The potensional clinical advantages of relatively new idea of cardioplegia solution based on intracellular composition (Custodiol HTK) justifies futher research, but only a few used cultured cells in laboratory conditions.MethodsIn this study, the authors sought to compare Custodiol HTK with Plegisol cardioplegia solutions using an in-vitro model simulating cardioplegic arrest. The efficacy of myocardial protection during ischemia was investigated with susceptible indicators like the appearance of the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress markers. Immersed human cardiomyocytes and rat cardiomyoblasts H9C2 in cardioplegia for 4 h were examined for expression of oxidative stress markers (MnSOD, iNOS, HSP27), cardioplegic solutions cytotoxicity, and peroxidation damage of the cell’s lipids and proteins. All tests were performed after 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of incubation in identical physical and biological conditions, which is difficult to achieve in clinical trials.ResultsThe lower cytotoxicity index performed on matured cells of human cardiomyocytes and highest dehydrogenase level showed after incubation with Custodiol HTK. This did not apply to tests on immature cells H9C2. Custodiol HTK induced significantly stronger iNOS expression. The decrease of HSP27 concentration has been instantaneous and maintained troughout the study only in both cultures incubated with Custodiol HTK. The other tests: lipid peroxidation, carbonyl groups concentration and MnSOD expression show no clear superiority evidence of used cardioplegic solutions.ConclusionsConsidering proceeded examinations on cultured cardiomyocytes, Custodiol HTK appears to be safer than Plegisol.
Characteristics of United States military pilots with atrial fibrillation and deployment and retention rates
Authors: Keithler Andrea N. , Wilson Andrew S. , Yuan Alexander , Sosa Jose M. , Bush Kelvin N. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that impacts deployment and retention rates for United States military pilots. This study aims to characterize United States active duty (AD) pilots with AF and review deployment and retention rates associated with medical and ablative therapies.

Methods
An observational analysis was performed to assess AD pilots diagnosed with AF in the largest military regional healthcare system from 2004 to 2019. Baseline characteristics and AF management were reviewed.

Results
27 AD pilots (mean age, 37.3 ± 7.9 years; mean BMI, 27.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2; 100% male sex) were diagnosed with AF during the study dates. 17 (63%) were Air Force branch pilots with hypertension as the most common risk factor (26%). There were overall low CHA2DS2-VASc scores (mean 0.29 ± 0.47). 22 (82%) pilots were equally treated with medical rate and rhythm strategies (41% and 41%, respectively). 16 (59%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with zero complications. 11 (41%) pilots received warfarin and 5 (19%) received a direct oral anticoagulant for stroke prevention. After diagnosis, 12 (44%) pilots deployed and 25 (93%) were retained in military. PVI was not associated with a change in subsequent deployments rates (PVI, 38% vs no PVI, 55%; p = 0.3809) or retention rates (PVI, 94% vs no PVI, 91%; p = 0.7835).

Conclusions
United States military pilots diagnosed with AF are younger patients with few traditional AF risk factors and they receive medical rate and rhythm strategies equally. Many pilots maintain deployment eligibility and most remain on AD status after diagnosis. PVI is not associated with differences in retention or deployment rates. Further prospective study is needed to further evaluate these findings.
Conventional fluoroscopy-guided versus zero-fluoroscopy catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardias
Authors: Prolič Kalinšek Tine , Šorli Jernej , Jan Matevž , Šinkovec Matjaž , Antolič Bor , Klemen Luka , Žižek David , Pernat Andrej 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of zero-fluoroscopy (ZF) catheter ablation (CA) for supraventricular tachycardias (SVT).

Methods
584 consecutive patients referred to our institution for CA of SVT were analysed. Patients were categorised into two groups; zero-fluoroscopy (ZF) group and conventional fluoroscopy (CF) group. The ZF group was further divided into two subgroups (adults and paediatric). Patient characteristics, procedural information, and follow-up data were compared.

Results
The ZF group had a higher proportion of paediatric patients (42.2% vs 0.0%; p < 0.001), resulting in a younger age (30.9 ± 20.3 years vs 52.7 ± 16.5 years; p < 0.001) and lower BMI (22.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2 vs 27.0 ± 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). Procedure time was shorter in the ZF group (94.2 ± 50.4 min vs 104.0 ± 54.0 min; p = 0.002). There were no major complications and the rate of minor complications did not differ between groups (0.0% vs 0.4%; p = 0.304). Acute procedural success as well as the long-term success rate when only the index procedure was considered did not differ between groups (92.5% vs 95.4%; p = 0.155; 87.1% vs 89.2%; p = 0.422). When repeated procedures were included, the long-term success rate was higher in the ZF group (98.3% vs 93.5%; p = 0.004). The difference can be partially explained by the operators' preferences.

Conclusion
The safety and efficacy of ZF procedures in adult and paediatric populations are comparable to that of CF procedures.
The role of analytic direction in qualitative research
Authors: Sale Joanna E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The literature on qualitative data analysis mostly concerns analyses pertaining to an individual research question and the organization of data within that research question. Few authors have written about the entire qualitative dataset from which multiple and separate analyses could be conducted and reported. The concept of analytic direction is a strategy that can assist qualitative researchers in deciding which findings to highlight within a dataset. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) describe the importance of analytic direction in qualitative research, and 2) provide a working example of the concept of analytic direction.

Methods
A qualitative dataset from one of the author’s research programs was selected for review. Ten potential analytic directions were identified after the initial phenomenological analysis was conducted. Three analytic directions based on the same coding template but different content areas of the data were further developed using phenomenological analysis (n = 2) and qualitative description (n = 1) and are the focus of this paper. Development and selection of these three analytic directions was determined partially relying on methodological criteria to promote rigour including a comprehensive examination of the data, the use of multiple analysts, direct quotations to support claims, negative case analysis, and reflexivity.

Results
The three analytic directions addressed topics within the scope of the overall research question. Each analytic direction had its own central point or story line and each highlighted a different perspective or voice. The use of an inductive and deductive approach to analysis and how the role of theory was integrated varied in each analytic direction.

Conclusions
The concept of analytic direction enables researchers to organize their qualitative datasets in order to tell different and unique “stories”. The concept relies upon, and promotes, the conduct of rigourous qualitative research.
Using a consistency check during data collection to identify invalid responding in an online cannabis screening survey
Authors: Schell Christina , Godinho Alexandra , Cunningham John A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Inconsistent responding is a type of invalid responding, which occurs on self-report surveys and threatens the reliability and validity of study results. This secondary analysis evaluated the utility of identifying inconsistent responses as a real-time, direct method to improve quality during data collection for an Internet-based RCT.

Methods
The cannabis subscale of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was administered as part of eligibility screening for the RCT. Following the consent procedure, the cannabis subscale was repeated during the baseline interview. Responses were automatically compared and individuals with inconsistent responses were screened out.

Results
Nearly half of those initially eligible for the RCT were subsequently screened out for data quality issues (n = 626, 45.3%). Between-group bivariate analysis found that those screened out (OUT) were significantly older (OUT = 39.5 years (SD = 13.9), IN = 35.7 years (SD = 12.9), p < .001), more had annual incomes less than $20,000CND (OUT = 58.3%, IN = 53.0%, p = .047), used cannabis less often in the past 30 days (OUT = 23.3 days (SD = 9.7), IN = 24.8 days (SD = 11.3), p < .006), and had lower total ASSIST scores at screener (OUT = 19.3 (SD = 8.0), IN = 23.8 (SD = 10.4), p < .001) and baseline (OUT = 17.5 (SD = 7.9), IN = 23.3 (SD = 10.3), p < .001) compared to participants who were screened in to the RCT.

Conclusion
Inconsistent responding may occur at high rates in Internet research and direct methods to identify invalid responses are needed. Comparing responses for consistency can be programmed in Internet surveys to automatically screen participants during recruitment and reduce the need for post-hoc data cleaning.
Low muscle mass is an independent risk factor for postoperative blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Hwang Doohyun , Han Hyuk-Soo , Lee Myung Chul , Ro Du Hyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia, an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is correlated with adverse outcomes after some surgeries. This study examined the characteristics of sarcopenic patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and identified low muscle mass as an independent risk factor for postoperative TKA complications.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study examined 452 patients who underwent TKA. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was obtained via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), along with demographics, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and medication, laboratory and operative data for 2018–2021. Patients were categorized into normal (n = 417) and sarcopenic (n = 35) groups using the SMI cut-off suggested by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (males, < 7.0 kg/m2; females, < 5.7 kg/m2). Three postoperative complications were analysed: blood transfusion, delirium, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Baseline characteristics were propensity score-matched to address potential bias and confounding factors.

Results
The proportion of sarcopenic patients in primary TKA was 7.7% (35/452). The sarcopenic group had a lower preoperative haemoglobin (12.18 ± 1.20 vs. 13.04 ± 1.73 g/dL, p = 0.004) and total protein (6.73 ± 0.42 vs. 7.06 ± 0.44 mg/dL, p = 0.001). Propensity scoring matching and logistic regression showed that more patients in the sarcopenic group received postoperative blood transfusions (OR = 6.60, 95% CI: 1.57–45.5, p = 0.021); there was no significant difference in AKI or delirium. Univariate receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the propensity-matched group, to determine the predictive value of SMI for postoperative transfusion, gave an AUC of 0.797 (0.633–0.96) and SMI cut-off of 5.6 kg/m2.

Conclusions
Low muscle mass determined by BIA was an independent risk factor for postoperative transfusion in TKA. Multifrequency BIA can serve as a screening tool for sarcopenia that may influence the orthopaedic decision-making process or treatment planning in patients with sarcopenia undergoing primary TKA.

Level of evidence
III, retrospective cohort study.