bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early diabetes treatment is associated with improved outcomes in pregnant women with a first antenatal HbA1c of 41–46 mmol/mol
Authors: Rowan Janet A. , Sadler Lynn 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIt is unclear whether early treatment of women with a first antenatal HbA1c of 41–46 mmol/mol improves pregnancy outcomes. Our Hospital Guideline (HG) recommends early treatment, but the New Zealand GDM Guideline (NG) recommends lifestyle advice and a 75 g OGTT at 24–28 weeks’ gestation.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare, at a single centre, pregnancy outcomes in women who were treated before 24 weeks (HG group) with women who were managed according to the NG. Our hypothesis was that earlier treatment was associated with lower rates of pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth.Materials and MethodsWomen who had a first antenatal HbA1c of 41–46 mmol/mol between January 2016 and December 2019 and delivered at our institution before August 2020 were included. Baseline characteristics, management of GDM and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsThere were 141 women in the HG group and 67 women in the NG group. The NG group had fewer Indian/Chinese/Other Asian women (P = 0.004) and BMI was higher (P = 0.05). Women in the NG group, compared with the HG group, had more infants with a customised birthweight >90th centile (19.4% vs 7.8%, P = 0.014). In addition, after adjusting for ethnicity and BMI, women in the NG group had higher rates of pre‐eclampsia (ORa (95th CI), 3.7 (1.1–13.3), P = 0.04) and preterm birth (2.8 (1.1–7.0), P = 0.03).ConclusionsManagement according to our Hospital Guideline, compared with the National GDM Guideline, was associated with lower rates of pre‐eclampsia, preterm birth and infants with a customised birthweight >90th centile.
Rethinking Italian Autonomist Marxism: Spatial Composition, Urban Contestation, and the Material Geographies of Social Reproduction
Authors: Gray Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClass composition was the most important concept to be developed within the rich milieu of Italian autonomist Marxism, acutely addressing subject‐object dichotomies and organisational problems of internal differentiation in and between classed, raced and gendered social formations. Yet “compositionist” analysis has received remarkably little attention within urban‐geographical literatures. This paper reviews and develops the class composition concept, offering the first fully developed theorisation of spatial composition and underscoring its relevance for a contemporary politics of space. It stresses the importance of immanent, reflexive non‐teleological periodisations of capitalist relations for anti‐capitalist struggle through the intertwined concepts of spatial composition and the tendency. Through this theoretical lens it narrates the innovative and under‐examined spatial praxis of often women‐led urban movements in 1970s Italy, arguing that these remarkable struggles provide vital lessons for thinking through the diverse modalities of organisation and class recomposition emerging in the material geographies of social reproduction today.
Parental psychological problems were associated with higher screen time and the use of mature‐rated media in children
Authors: Pulkki‐Råback Laura , Barnes Joel D. , Elovainio Marko , Hakulinen Christian , Sourander Andre , Tremblay Mark S. , Guerrero Michelle D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimParents’ psychological problems may affect children's screen time, but research has been scarce. We examined the association between parental psychological problems and children's screen media behaviours in a nationally representative sample.MethodsThe participants were from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, recruited by probability sampling from the USA population. Children reported their use of TV, videos, video games, social media and mature‐rated media. The parents (85% mothers) reported psychological problems using the Adult Self‐Report questionnaire.ResultsIn 10,650 children (5112 girls, 5538 boys) aged 9.9 ± 0.6 years, the presence of parental psychological problems was associated with children spending more daily time on screen media and with meeting the recommendation of ≤2 daily hours less often than children whose parents did not have psychological problems. Parental psychological problems were associated with children's TV watching, video watching and gaming but not with using social media. Parental internalising problems were associated with children watching mature‐rated movies (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.30) and playing mature‐rated games (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.45).ConclusionPresence of parental psychological problems is associated with higher screen time and use of mature‐rated media in children. This cross‐sectional study was not able to examine causal associations.
Gender stereotypes, class, and race in attributions of blame for women's gender‐linked mistreatment
Authors: Kiebler Jessica M. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn two survey experiments, three types of gender‐based mistreatment, social class and race of the target, and gender‐linked stereotypes of respectability (sexualization and irresponsibility) were assessed in relation to victim blame attribution. U.S. participants (Study 1: N = 416; Study 2: N = 300) read a vignette about a woman described as working‐ or middle‐class, as Black or white, and as having experienced sexual assault, sexual harassment, or incivility in the workplace. Based on the ambiguity of the intent of the perpetrator, we anticipated that incivility would result in more victim blame; this was confirmed. Additionally, in both studies, perceived victim respectability mediated the relationship between class and blame. The working‐class woman was seen as less respectable compared to the middle‐class woman, and this was associated with greater blame attribution for mistreatment. Results confirm the importance of more attention to social class in research on perceptions of women exposed to mistreatment, as well as interventions to mitigate victim‐blaming.
18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in PET is associated with the tumor microenvironment in metastatic lymph nodes and prognosis in N2 lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nomura Kotaro , Nakai Tokiko , Nishina Yukino , Sakamoto Naoya , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Tane Kenta , Samejima Joji , Aokage Keiju , Kojima Motohiro , Sakashita Shingo , Taki Tetsuro , Miyazaki Saori , Watanabe Reiko , Suzuki Kenji , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPositron emission tomography is a useful technique for diagnosing lymph node (LN) metastasis. This study aimed to elucidate the association between fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation and the microenvironment in metastatic LNs in lung adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with surgically resected pathological N2 lung adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative PET. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the metastatic LNs was measured. Lymph node specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD8+, FoxP3+, and CD79a+ lymphocytes, CD204+ tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and alpha‐smooth muscle actin‐positive cancer‐associated fibroblasts (αSMA+ CAFs). We compared the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics between two groups with high and low LN SUVmax. Using novel 3D hybrid spheroid models, we investigated the change in invasiveness of cancer cells in the presence of CAFs. In the multivariate analyses, LN SUVmax was an independent prognostic factor. The overall survival in the LN SUVmax high group was significantly worse than in the low group (P = .034). In the LN SUVmax high group, metastatic cancer cell invasion of extranodal tissue was more frequent (P = .005) and the number of CD204+ TAMs and αSMA+ CAFs in metastatic LNs was significantly higher than in the low group (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). Hybrid spheroid models revealed that cancer cells coexisting with CAFs were more invasive than those without CAFs. Our results indicated a strong association between LN SUVmax and poor prognosis in patients with N2 lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, LN SUVmax was suggested to be associated with the presence of tumor‐promoting stromal cells in metastatic LNs.
Play‐based groups for children with cerebral palsy and their parents: A qualitative interview study about the impact on mothers' well‐being
Authors: Prest Kirsten R. , Borek Aleksandra J. , Boylan Anne‐Marie R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability in developed countries. Parents of children with CP experience difficulties that can result in reduced well‐being. Health professionals supporting children with CP have been encouraged to focus on parental well‐being as this forms part of the child's essential environment. There is a lack of evidence about interventions that holistically support the whole family by providing therapeutic input for the child and support for parents. This study aimed to explore parents' experiences of play‐based groups for children with CP and their parents, with a focus on the groups' impact on parents' well‐being.MethodsParents of children with CP who had attended play‐based groups in the year prior were recruited for this qualitative study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants' demographic characteristics were collected as contextual information. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsTen mothers were interviewed. Overall, mothers had positive experiences of the groups and perceived them as an important influence on their well‐being. Four themes described mothers' experiences of the groups and the subsequent impact on their well‐being: (1) practical support, (2) connecting with others, (3) transitioning journeys and (4) different motivators, different experiences. Numerous factors influenced mothers' experiences of attending the groups and the subsequent impact on their well‐being. This included mothers' individual experiences of having a child with CP.ConclusionsInterventions combining practical and social support for the whole family can have a positive impact on the well‐being of mothers of children with CP. Care should be taken to provide individualised support for each family. There is no ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach, and a package of care can provide multiple services that meet the varying needs of mothers and their children with CP.
Understanding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on families involved in the child welfare system: Technological capital and pandemic practice
Authors: Conrad Jordan B. , Magsamen‐Conrad Kate 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChild‐welfare practices transformed drastically in 2020 after governments instituted quarantining and social‐distancing measures. Child visitation, mental health evaluations and treatment, and court hearings either ceased or only accessible via information communication technologies (ICTs). Peer‐reviewed published scholarship about technology use in child welfare is limited to voluntary, supplemental contexts and insufficient to understand the nuanced effects of this transition on vulnerable populations. We used a critical case study ethnography to name this phenomenon, ‘pandemic practice’, and describe how case‐management challenges were compounded and/or masked by pandemic practice. Mandatory ICT use in case management contributed to injustices for some families in the child‐welfare system, including children spending extended time in foster care, families receiving superficial treatment services and irreparable harm to timely case progression. We used technology adoption theory and technological capital framework to identify and understand the complexities of pandemic practice beyond a simple digital divide perspective. We present a hierarchy of technological capital necessary to participate in pandemic practice, suggestions to create sufficient capital and implications for policy and practice.
‘It's making his bad days into my bad days’: The impact of coronavirus social distancing measures on young carers and young adult carers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Blake‐Holmes Kate , McGowan Andy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe lockdown measures put in place in March 2020 in England to counter the spread of the coronavirus have had significant implications for the lives and well‐being of young carers and young adult carers. In such unprecedented times, little was known about the potential impact on this group and their specific experience of the Covid‐19 lockdown restrictions. A rapid review was conducted, 28 young carers responded to a survey and an additional 20 participants were interviewed in January 2021; the survey was repeated with a further 149 responses. Findings show that the level of care that young carers are required to provide had increased as external agency support for their families had been withdrawn while their own coping strategies had been challenged, in particular through school closures. These restrictions had a significant impact on every aspect of their lives, from their ability to meet their own mental health needs to managing the requirements of home schooling. The needs of young carers should be acknowledged within the political agenda, especially at times of crisis. It is crucial that health and social care services increase their capacity to identify and support young carers and that work is done within educational settings to provide a flexible response to individual needs.
Effects of age, disease and anastomosis on short‐ and long‐term survival after surgical correction of small intestinal strangulating diseases in 89 horses
Authors: Rudnick Meredith J. , Denagamage Thomas N. , Freeman David E. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundAlthough survival rates have been reported after small intestinal surgery for strangulating diseases in horses, none have followed survival for periods relevant to the long lifespan of horses and none have described effect of age, disease and surgical treatments over such long survival periods.ObjectivesTo examine effects of age, disease and type of surgery on long‐term survival in horses after surgical treatment of small intestinal strangulating diseases over periods relevant to the expected lifespan of a horse.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.MethodsPost‐operative data were gathered from medical records and owner contact for 89 horses with small intestinal strangulation. Survival times from surgery to the date of death or the date of last follow‐up were analysed by Kaplan‐Meier statistics. Variables of interest were age, type of strangulating disease and surgical correction. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate these variables.ResultsShort‐term survival was not affected by any of the variables measured. For long‐term survival with Kaplan‐Meier statistics, horses ≥16 years old had significantly shorter (P = .002) median survival times (72 months; 95% CI 32.0‐96.0) than younger horses (121.7 months; 95% CI 90.0‐162), horses without resection had significantly longer (P = .02) survival times (120 months; 95% CI 86‐212) than horses that had jejunocecostomy (76.8 months; 95% CI 24‐125), and horses with miscellaneous diseases had significantly longer (P = .02) median survival times (161.9 months; 95% CI 72.0‐M) than horses with strangulating lipoma (79.8 months; 95% CI 32.0‐120.0). In the multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard model, age (HR = 2.67; 1.49‐4.75,P < .001) and anastomosis (HR = 0.65; 0.46‐0.92,P = .02) had the most significant effect on median survival time.Main LimitationsLimitations were small numbers in some categories, loss of cases to follow‐up, owner recall failures and lack of a control group.ConclusionsThe remaining lifespan of older horses at the time of surgery had the greatest effect on survival. Age could influence long‐term survival studies after colic surgery, and therefore needs to be considered for survival analyses. Horses that did not require resection and anastomosis had favourable outcomes, underscoring the potential importance of early intervention to reduce the need for resection.
Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)
Authors: Hammerschlag Neil , McDonnell Laura H. , Rider Mitchell J. , Street Garrett M. , Hazen Elliott L. , Natanson Lisa J. , McCandless Camilla T. , Boudreau Melanie R. , Gallagher Austin J. , Pinsky Malin L. , Kirtman Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven climate change threats to ecosystems, it is critical to understand the responses of species to warming. This is especially important in the case of apex predators since they exhibit relatively high extinction risk, and changes to their distribution could impact predator–prey interactions that can initiate trophic cascades. Here we used a combined analysis of animal tracking, remotely sensed environmental data, habitat modeling, and capture data to evaluate the effects of climate variability and change on the distributional range and migratory phenology of an ectothermic apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Tiger sharks satellite tracked in the western North Atlantic between 2010 and 2019 revealed significant annual variability in the geographic extent and timing of their migrations to northern latitudes from ocean warming. Specifically, tiger shark migrations have extended farther poleward and arrival times to northern latitudes have occurred earlier in the year during periods with anomalously high sea‐surface temperatures. A complementary analysis of nearly 40 years of tiger shark captures in the region revealed decadal‐scale changes in the distribution and timing of shark captures in parallel with long‐term ocean warming. Specifically, areas of highest catch densities have progressively increased poleward and catches have occurred earlier in the year off the North American shelf. During periods of anomalously high sea‐surface temperatures, movements of tracked sharks shifted beyond spatial management zones that had been affording them protection from commercial fishing and bycatch. Taken together, these study results have implications for fisheries management, human–wildlife conflict, and ecosystem functioning.
Locked up and down: Incarceration, care, and art in a pandemic
Authors: Greene Anne‐marie , Dean Deborah , Bartley Sarah , McAvinchey Caoimhe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere has been recent criticism of the lack of care in the UK economy, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has exacerbated inequality and disadvantage faced by those most vulnerable in society. This article focuses on the importance of care in the practices of Clean Break—an internationally recognized theater, education, and advocacy organization that puts the stories of women with experience of the criminal justice system center stage. Drawing centrally on the work of Joan Tronto and Berenice Fisher, we argue that Clean Break's pandemic activities, that is in crisis, have a deep connection to the central place of care within its practices since its inception. We extend the care ethic concept to specifically include art as a form of care. Using textual analysis of the play, Shower Scene, developed in the Clean Break 2 Metres Apart pandemic‐response program, we argue that Clean Break offers an example of what care can and does entail in practice, with positive impacts for its stakeholders.
Predicting Vertical LNAPL Distribution in the Subsurface under the Fluctuating Water Table Effect
Authors: Boumaiza Lamine , Chesnaux Romain , Walter Julien , Lenhard Robert J. , Hassanizadeh Seyed M. , Dokou Zoi , Alazaiza Motasem Y.D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study proposes a methodology for predicting the vertical light nonaqueous‐phase liquids (LNAPLs) distribution within an aquifer by considering the influence of water table fluctuations. The LNAPL distribution is predicted by combining (1) information on air/LNAPL and LNAPL/water interface elevations with (2) the initial elevation of the water table without LNAPL effect. Data used in the present study were collected during groundwater monitoring undertaken over a period of 4 months at a LNAPL‐impacted observation well. In this study, the water table fluctuations raised the free LNAPL in the subsurface to an elevation of 206.63 m, while the lowest elevation was 205.70 m, forming a thickness of 0.93 m of LNAPL‐impacted soil. Results show that the apparent LNAPL thickness in the observation well is found to be three times greater than the actual free LNAPL thickness in soil; a finding that agrees with previous studies reporting that apparent LNAPL thickness in observation wells typically exceeds the free LNAPL thickness within soil by a factor estimated to range between 2 and 10. The present study provides insights concerning the transient variation of LNAPL distribution within the subsurface and highlights the capability of the proposed methodology to mathematically predict the actual LNAPL thickness in the subsurface, without the need to conduct laborious field tests. Practitioners can use the proposed methodology to determine by how much the water table should be lowered, through pumping, to isolate the LNAPL‐impacted soil within the unsaturated zone, which can then be subjected to in situ vadose zone remedial treatment.
Bio‐derived sodium silicate for the manufacture of alkali‐activated binders: Use of bamboo leaf ash as silicate source
Authors: Vinai Raffaele , Ntimugura Fabrice , Cutbill Will , Evans Robert , Zhao Yize 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlkali activated binders are a promising alternative to the use of Portland cement in the manufacture of concrete for curbing CO2 emissions. Novel sources of silicates have been investigated in recent years for reducing cost and environmental impacts associated with the use of chemical activators. This study describes the production of solid sodium silicate (SS) activating powder from bamboo leaf ash (BLA). Bamboo leaves were calcined at 550–800°C, mixed with NaOH pellets, and heated in an oven at 300°C. The obtained silicate powder was used for activating blended fly ash/slag samples. Mechanical and microstructural properties of BLA‐based samples were compared to those of samples made with commercially available chemicals. The strength of BLA‐activated mortars matched the commercially‐sourced activators, being 25–30 MPa at 7 days and exceeding 40 MPa at 28 days. The microstructural analysis suggested that BLA‐based SS showed a lesser degree of dissolution of precursors at 7 days, but the quality of the matrix was higher than that of NaOH‐activated samples. These results confirmed that the reactivity of BLA‐silicate powder was similar to that of commercial SS solutions, and show the potential valorization of future biomass renewable waste in the production of low carbon, alkali‐activated concretes.