bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears: A review
Authors: Ortez Osler A. , McMechan Anthony J. , Hoegemeyer Thomas , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Nielsen Robert L. , Thomison Peter R. , Abendroth Lori J. , Elmore Roger W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbnormal ear development in corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported for more than 100 years. More recently, in 2016, widespread abnormal multiple ears per stalk node (herein termed as multi‐ears), barbell ears, and short husks were reported in cornfields located in the western and central Corn Belt (Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas), Eastern Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle region in the United States. Little was known about the underlying causes of these abnormalities. A literature review examining conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears was conducted. Several abnormal ear symptoms appear to be formed by stress conditions such as extreme weather, limited solar radiation, and responses to plant growth regulators. The accumulation of these effects can result in the abortion of primary ears and the development of secondary abnormal ears, which has been a hypothesis for the last 15 years. Whether or not primary ear abortion is one of the factors for abnormal ears remains a valid question. Abnormal ears can be understood as the result of an “expression triangle”: susceptible genetics, conducive environmental conditions, and unfavorable management practices. Together, these factors can interact and cause abnormal ears and lower yields. Active knowledge gaps include the environmental and physiological pathways to abnormal ears, their impact on grain quality and yield, their effect on other processes such as dry‐down and harvest ease, and an in‐depth understanding of differing genetics, environment, and management.
A Formylglycine‐Peptide for the Site‐Directed Identification of Phosphotyrosine‐Mimetic Fragments**
Authors: Tiemann Markus , Nawrotzky Eric , Schmieder Peter , Wehrhan Leon , Bergemann Silke , Martos Vera , Song Wei , Arkona Christoph , Keller Bettina G. , Rademann Jörg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiscovery of protein‐binding fragments for precisely defined binding sites is an unmet challenge to date. Herein, formylglycine is investigated as a molecular probe for the sensitive detection of fragments binding to a spatially defined protein site . Formylglycine peptide 3 was derived from a phosphotyrosine‐containing peptide substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B by replacing the phosphorylated amino acid with the reactive electrophile. Fragment ligation with formylglycine occurred in situ in aqueous physiological buffer. Structures and kinetics were validated by NMR spectroscopy. Screening and hit validation revealed fluorinated and non‐fluorinated hit fragments being able to replace the native phosphotyrosine residue. The formylglycine probe identified low‐affinity fragments with high spatial resolution as substantiated by molecular modelling. The best fragment hit, 4‐amino‐phenyl‐acetic acid, was converted into a cellularly active, nanomolar inhibitor of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2.
Artificial Antiferromagnets Possessing Extended Zero‐, One‐, Two‐, and Three‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Miller Joel S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLayered (2D) artificial (or synthetic) antiferromagnets are fabricated by atom deposition techniques and possess very thin, nanometer‐scale, magnetically ordered layers separated by a very thin nonmagnetic layer that antiferromagnetically couples the magnetic layers. Artificial antiferromagnets were crucial in the discovery of the giant magnetic effect (GMR), which had an incredible impact on the evolution of computer memory and its applications, and nucleated the dawn of spintronics (magnetoelectrics). The fundamental structural motif has been more recently achieved by using synthetic chemical methods that led to insulating artificial antiferromagnets. Examples of magnetically ordered layers that are antiferromagnetic coupled to form artificial antiferromagnets have been extended to isolated ions (0D) as well as extended chain (1D) and extended network 3D structures, and new phenomena and applications are anticipated as insulating antiferromagnets are more effective at propagating spin currents with respect to dielectric materials.
The Importance of Mg2+‐Free State in Nucleotide Exchange of Oncogenic K‐Ras Mutants
Authors: Pálfy Gyula , Menyhárd Dóra K. , Ákontz‐Kiss Hanna , Vida István , Batta Gyula , Tőke Orsolya , Perczel András 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor efficient targeting of oncogenic K‐Ras interaction sites, a mechanistic picture of the Ras‐cycle is necessary. Herein, we used NMR relaxation techniques and molecular dynamics simulations to decipher the role of slow dynamics in wild‐type and three oncogenic P‐loop mutants of K‐Ras. Our measurements reveal a dominant two‐state conformational exchange on the ms timescale in both GDP‐ and GTP‐bound K‐Ras. The identified low‐populated higher energy state in GDP‐loaded K‐Ras has a conformation reminiscent of a nucleotide‐bound/Mg2+‐free state characterized by shortened β2/β3‐strands and a partially released switch‐I region preparing K‐Ras for the interaction with the incoming nucleotide exchange factor and subsequent reactivation. By providing insight into mutation‐specific differences in K‐Ras structural dynamics, our systematic analysis improves our understanding of prolonged K‐Ras signaling and may aid the development of allosteric inhibitors targeting nucleotide exchange in K‐Ras.
Intense Molar Circular Dichroism in Fully Conjugated All‐Carbon Macrocyclic 1,3‐Butadiyne Linked pseudo‐meta [2.2]Paracyclophanes**
Authors: Sidler Eric , Zwick Patrick , Kress Charlotte , Reznikova Ksenia , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Mayor Marcel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synthetic access to macrocyclic molecular topologies with interesting photophysical properties has greatly improved thanks to the successful implementation of organic and inorganic corner units. Based on recent reports, we realized that pseudo‐meta [2.2]paracyclophanes (PCPs) might serve as optimal corner units for constructing 3D functional materials, owing to their efficient electronic communication, angled substituents and planar chirality. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of four novel all‐carbon enantiopure macrocycles bearing three to six pseudo‐meta PCPs linked by 1,3‐butadiyne units. The macrocycles were obtained by a single step from enantiopure, literature‐known dialkyne pseudo‐meta PCP and were unambiguously identified and characterized by state of the art spectroscopic methods and in part even by x‐ray crystallography. By comparing the optical properties to relevant reference compounds, it is shown that the pseudo‐meta PCP subunit effectively elongates the conjugated system throughout the macrocyclic backbone, such that already the smallest macrocycle consisting of only three subunits reaches a polymer‐like conjugation length. Additionally, it is shown that the chiral pseudo‐meta PCPs induce a remarkable chiroptical response in the respective macrocycles, reaching unprecedented high molar circular dichroism values for all‐carbon macrocycles of up to 1307 L mol−1 cm−1.
Phase equilibria of hydrates from ternary mixtures of methane + ethane + propane and methane + propane + carbon dioxide
Authors: Ovalle Sebastian , Martinez Camilo , Beltran Juan G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrate–liquid–vapour (HLV) equilibrium of aqueous clathrates formed from gas mixtures can be complex compared to hydrates formed with single guests. Typically, pressure and temperature are controlled to obtain these data, but for multicomponent systems, it is necessary to control/report more intensive variables, namely, composition. Metastability, manifested as impractically long experimental times, has been reported to be a challenge with some multicomponent systems. We present HLV equilibrium conditions of two ternary gas mixtures: methane + ethane + propane (90:7:3 molar ratio) and methane + propane + carbon dioxide (55:5:40 molar ratio). Conditions varied in the temperature range of 275–285 K and the pressure range of 1.24–4.75 MPa. Experimental standard uncertainties were on average 0.10 K and 0.005 MPa for methane + ethane + propane and 0.19 K and 0.005 MPa for methane + propane + carbon dioxide. Our technique allowed us to bypass the limitations reported in the literature and provided fast, reproducible HLV equilibria for gas‐dominated systems.
Protonated Hydroxylamine‐Assisted Iron Catalytic Activation of Persulfate for the Rapid Removal of Persistent Organics from Wastewater
Authors: Merouani Slimane , Dehane Aissa , Belghit Aouattef , Hamdaoui Oualid , Tobba Yasser A. , Lahlou Chouaib , Shah Maulin P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research aims at optimizing the effects of processing conditions, salts, natural organic materials, and water matrices quality on the effectiveness of the Fe(II)/K2S2O8/hydroxylamine process in the degradation of pararosaniline. Assisting the Fe(II)/KPS (potassium persulfate) treatment with protonated hydroxylamine (H3NOH+) increases the degradation rate of pararosaniline by more than 100%. Radical scavenger experiments show that the SO4●− radical dominates pararosaniline degradation in the Fe(II)/KPS system, whereas ●OH is the dominant reactive species in the presence of H3NOH+. The disparity in pararosaniline removal effectiveness upon the Fe(II)/KPS/H3NOH+ and Fe(II)/KPS systems gets more significant with increasing reactants doses (i.e., H3NOH+, H2O2, Fe(II)) and solution pH (2–7). Interestingly, H3NOH+ increased the working pH to 6 instead of pH 4 for the Fe(II)/KPS process. Moreover, mineral anions such as Cl−, NO3−, NO2−, and SO4− (up to 10 × 10−3 m) do not affect the efficiency of the Fe(II)/KPS/H3NOH+ process. In contrast, acid humic decreases the performance of the process by ≈20%. In natural mineral water, treated wastewater, and river water samples, the Fe(II)/KPS/H3NOH+ process maintains higher degradation performance (≈95%), whereas the process efficiency is greatly amortized in seawater. The efficiency of the Fe(II)/KPS process was drastically decreased in the various water matrices.
High Recyclability Magnetic Iron Oxide‐Supported Ruthenium Nanocatalyst for H2 Release from Ammonia‐Borane Solvolysis
Authors: Poinsot Didier , Bouzid Moad , Burlot Agathe , Mboyi Clève D. , Doulain Pierre‐Emmanuel , Paris Jérémy , Heintz Olivier , Domenichini Bruno , Collière Vincent , Kahn Myrtil L. , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the high capacity of recycling of a technologically simple, easily recoverable, Ru@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst, efficient in the release of H2 from ammonia‐borane (AB) solvolysis, using H2O or methanol at room temperature (25 °C). The initially oxidized Ru small nanoparticles (2–4 nm) are well‐dispersed on an iron oxide support (i. e. super paramagnetic iron oxide of spinel structure, SPIO, as aggregates of 20 nm to a few μm). As nanocatalyst, this composite achieved short‐time (<10 min) AB full hydrolysis (3 equiv. H2, no NH3, [AB]=0.1 mol L−1) with a turnover frequency (TOF) of ca 20 min−1 (86 min−1 at 50 °C). The post‐catalysis characterization of the composite showed the formation of well‐defined crystalline hcp Ru(0) dispersed on the SPIO. The activity for full H2 release from AB is conserved over ten cycles, which is among the most effective recycling processes reported to date (a magnetic recycling is achieved in <2 min). Pleasingly, an even superior activity was found in the more challenging AB methanolysis, with a TOF up to ca 30 min−1 for full H2 release, achieved in a recycling process repeated over 8 cycles.
3D Hierarchical Porous Fe/Ni‐P‐B as Practical Bifunctional Electrode for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Chen LuLu , Lu Bowen , Guo Yanhui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBifunctional electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are extremely attractive as they can simplify the water electrolysis system. Here, a general and scalable strategy to prepare stable and efficient bifunctional electrode was reported, based on a novel hierarchical porous structure constructed by conductive electrocatalyst. The method involved the construction of 3D monolithic structure and its surface reconstruction by chemical etching process. This strategy produced an advanced 3D hierarchical porous Fe/Ni‐P‐B@MS electrode containing well‐defined macropores (>100 μm) at the inter‐wire space and mesopores (<100 nm) distributed uniformly over the entire catalyst surface. This highly efficient bifunctional electrode required only 79 and 279 mV to reach 100 mA cm−2 toward HER and OER in 1.0 m KOH. An alkaline electrolyzer consisting of this electrode provided 100 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.61 V and survived at large current density of 800 mA cm−2 for over 140 h without apparent degradation. This work provides a new perspective for the rational design of transition metal‐based bifunctional electrodes with outstanding performance.
Effects of non‐thermality and plasma parameters on dust‐ion‐acoustic shock waves
Authors: Khan Majid , Abbas Rahat , Huzaif Syed M. , Kamran Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe nonlinear characteristics of dust‐ion‐acoustic shock waves (DIASHWs) in a plasma consisting of charge‐fluctuating dust, inertial ions, and non‐Maxwellian electrons is examined. In particular, the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) is assumed to follow Kappa and Cairns distributions. In this regard, a reductive perturbation (RP) approach (in a weakly nonlinear limit) is used to derive the corresponding Burger's equation, and, from its solution, the effects of various physical parameters, for example, non‐thermal indices, number density, and temperature ratios, on the properties of shock waves are investigated. It is observed that the magnitude of the shock reduces as ion‐electron temperature ratio increases and vice versa. Furthermore, when the ion to electron (equilibrium) density ratio increases, the shock profile gets steepened. The resultant potential amplitude as well as the shock width is also shown to be strongly related to the spectral indices, namely κ and α in the case of Kappa‐ and Cairns‐distributed electrons, respectively. Hence, the potential distribution is strongly affected by the non‐thermal nature of the electron VDF. The relevant Maxwellian results are recovered in the limiting cases, namely κ → ∞ and α → 0. The present study will be useful in understanding the nonlinear propagation of DIASHWs in non‐thermal (space and laboratory) plasmas.
Development and regeneration of periodontal supporting tissues
Authors: Guo Hao , Bai Xueying , Wang Xiaoling , Qiang Jinbiao , Sha Tong , Shi Yan , Zheng Kaijuan , Yang Zhenming , Shi Ce 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPeriodontal tissues, including gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, play important roles in oral health. Under physiological conditions, periodontal tissues surround and support the teeth, maintaining the stability of the teeth and distributing the chewing forces. However, under pathological conditions, with the actions of various pathogenic factors, the periodontal tissues gradually undergo some irreversible changes, that is, gingival recession, periodontal ligament rupture, periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, eventually leading to the loosening and even loss of the teeth. Currently, the regenerations of the periodontal tissues are still challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of the periodontal tissues, the principles and processes of which can be used to develop new strategies for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. This review summarizes the development of periodontal tissues and current strategies for periodontal healing and regeneration.
Evaluation of a one‐hour asynchronous video training for eating disorder screening and referral in U.S. Pediatric Primary Care: A pilot study
Authors: Raffoul Amanda , Vitagliano Julia A. , Sarda Vishnudas , Chan Charmaine , Chwa Cindy , Ferreira Katelyn B. , Gooding Holly C. , Forman Sara F. , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveDevelop and pilot‐test the efficacy of an online training in improving comfort, knowledge, and behaviors related to eating disorders (EDs) screening among U.S.‐based pediatric primary care providers (PCPs).MethodsPCPs (N = 84) completed a baseline survey assessing comfort, knowledge, and behaviors regarding ED screening and referral, then watched a 1‐h training video followed by a post‐video survey. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to complete spaced‐education questions in the following 2 months. All participants completed a 2‐month follow‐up survey. We used McNemar's and McNemar–Bowker tests to assess differences from baseline to post‐video and post‐video to follow‐up, and logistic models to assess differences by spaced‐education condition.ResultsFrom baseline to post‐video, there were significant improvements in PCPs' knowledge about and comfort in screening and making referrals for EDs (p < .05). There were no differences between spaced‐education conditions in knowledge and behaviors from baseline or post‐video to follow‐up, but spaced‐education participants reported significantly greater comfort in screening for BN (p < .01) and BED (p < .01) compared to non‐spaced‐education participants.DiscussionFindings suggest that a 1‐h asynchronous training can improve PCP comfort, knowledge, and behavior in screening for EDs; spaced‐education may provide slight additional benefits in PCP comfort.Public SignificanceThe delivery of an 1‐h asynchronous online video training helped to improve PCPs' comfort, knowledge, and behavior in screening and referral for EDs among pediatric populations. This has implications for future evaluations of brief trainings among this provider population, which could ultimately help to improve early identification of EDs and referrals to appropriate treatment.
Effects of spatial fragmentation on the elevational distribution of bird diversity in a mountain adjacent to urban areas
Authors: Liu Wei , Yu Dandan , Yuan Sijia , Yi Jianfeng , Cao Yun , Li Xiufen , Xu Haigen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe biodiversity in mountainous ecosystems is high but is threatened by rapid environmental change. Urbanization and other anthropogenic factors in the mountains can affect land use and spatial fragmentation. Moreover, patterns of habitat are closely related to elevation and have a major effect on montane biodiversity. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of spatial fragmentation on the vertical distribution pattern of bird diversity by characterizing the structure of the bird community, species diversity, and landscape factors at different altitudes. From 2016 to 2019, this study made a four years of continuous monitoring of the breeding birds. The result indicated that Mount Tai harbored a high bird diversity. Bird richness, abundance, and Shannon‐Wiener index decreased with latitude in Mount Tai monotonically. Moreover, the structure of bird communities varied along altitudinal gradients, and some special species were supported in different elevational bands due to the environmental filtering. Road density, number of habitat patches, patch density, and the percentage of forest were significantly related to bird diversity. Sufficient habitat and more patches in the low‐mountain belt supported higher bird diversity. The middle‐mountain belt and high‐mountain belt showed contrasting patterns. Our results highlight the effects of on‐going urbanization and human activities on montane biodiversity and emphasize the need for artificial habitats in the mountains to be managed.
Abiotic and biotic responses to woody debris additions in restored old fields in a multi‐site Before‐After‐Control‐Impact experiment
Authors: Parkhurst Tina , Prober Suzanne M. , Farrell Mark , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcological restoration of former agricultural land can improve soil conditions, recover native vegetation, and provide fauna habitat. However, restoration benefits are often associated with time lags, as many attributes, such as leaf litter and coarse woody debris, need time to accumulate. Here, we experimentally tested whether adding mulch and logs to restoration sites in semi‐arid Western Australia can accelerate restoration benefits. All sites had been cropped and then planted with native trees and shrubs (i.e., Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, and Acacia spp.) 10 years prior to our experiment, to re‐establish the original temperate eucalypt woodland vegetation community. We used a Multi‐site Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (MBACI) design to test the effects on 30 abiotic and biotic response variables over a period of 2 years. Of the 30 response variables, a significant effect was found for just four variables: volumetric water content, decomposition, native herbaceous species cover and species richness of disturbance specialist ants. Mulch addition had a positive effect on soil moisture when compared to controls but suppressed growth of native (but not exotic) herbaceous plants. On plots with log additions, decomposition rates decreased, and species richness of disturbance specialist ants increased. However, we found no effect on total species richness and abundance of other ant species groups. The benefit of mulch to soil moisture was offset by its disbenefit to native herbs in our study. Given time, logs may also provide habitat for ant species that prefer concealed habitats. Indeed, benefits to other soil biophysical properties, vegetation, and ant fauna may require longer time frames to be detected. Further research is needed to determine whether the type, quantity, and context of mulch and log additions may improve their utility for old field restoration and whether effects on native herbs are correlated with idiosyncratic climatic conditions.