bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and clinical relevance of an automated, algorithm‐based analysis of facial signs from selfie images of women in the United States of various ages, ancestries and phototypes: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Flament Frederic , Jiang Ruowei , Houghton Jeff , Zhang Yuze , Kroely Camille , Jablonski Nina G. , Jean Aurelie , Clarke Jeffrey , Steeg Jason , Sehgal Cassidy , McParland James , Delaunay Caroline , Passeron Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundReal‐life validation is necessary to ensure our artificial intelligence (AI) skin diagnostic tool is inclusive across a diverse and representative US population of various ages, ancestries and skin phototypes.ObjectivesTo explore the relevance and accuracy of an automated, algorithm‐based analysis of facial signs in representative women of different ancestries, ages and phototypes, living in the same country.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of selfie images of 1041 US women, algorithm‐based analyses of seven facial signs were automatically graded by an AI‐based algorithm and by 50 US dermatologists of various profiles (age, gender, ancestry, geographical location). For automated analysis and dermatologist assessment, the same referential skin atlas was used to standardize the grading scales. The average values and their variability were compared with respect to age, ancestry and phototype.ResultsFor five signs, the grading obtained by the automated system were strongly correlated with dermatologists' assessments (r ≥ 0.75); cheek skin pores were moderately correlated (r = 0.63) and pigmentation signs, especially for the darkest skin tones, were weakly correlated (r = 0.40) to the dermatologist assessments. Age and ancestry had no effect on the correlations. In many cases, the automated system performed better than the dermatologist‐assessed clinical grading due to 0.3–0.5 grading unit differences among the dermatologist panel that were not related to any individual characteristic (e.g. gender, age, ancestry, location). The use of phototypes, as discontinuous categorical variables, is likely a limiting factor in the assessments of grading, whether obtained by automated analysis or clinical assessment of the images.ConclusionsThe AI‐based automatic procedure is accurate and clinically relevant for analysing facial signs in a diverse and inclusive population of US women, as confirmed by a diverse panel of dermatologists, although skin tone requires further improvement.
Lapillusotolith shape, a useful taxonomic feature for the identification of sea catfishes (Ariidae: Siluriformes) from the north‐eastern Pacific
Authors: Arroyo‐Zúñiga Karla Isela , Pacheco‐Ovando Renata , Granados‐Amores Esperanza , Granados‐Amores Jasmín , González Ramírez Javier , Díaz‐Santana‐Iturrios Mariana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOtolith shape is widely used as a taxonomic feature in fish systematics. In Siluriformes, thelapillusotolith is the most relevant character for taxonomic purposes, although its discriminant potential has not been assessed quantitatively. Our study model were sea catfishes of the family Ariidae from the north‐eastern Pacific as representatives of Siluriformes, a taxon with increased taxonomic complexity. Thelapillusotolith shape obtained by geometric morphometrics showed high discrimination potential both at the genus and species levels with an overall classification accuracy ofc.93% (K = 0.92). Due to the strong species delimitation exhibited bylapillusotolith shape, the descriptions and identification keys provided here are the most useful materials to recognize the eight sea catfish species evaluated. The shared similarities inlapillusotolith shape among species seem to be more influenced by phylogenetic relationships than other factors such as habitat. Thelapillusotolith shape is the most powerful taxonomic feature discovered so far for the identification of sea catfishes from the north‐eastern Pacific.
Outcomes of home‐based primary care for homebound older adults: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Federman Alex D. , Brody Abraham , Ritchie Christine S. , Egorova Natalia , Arora Arushi , Lubetsky Sara , Goswami Ruchir , Peralta Maria , Reckrey Jenny M. , Boockvar Kenneth , Shah Shivani , Ornstein Katherine A. , Leff Bruce , DeCherrie Linda , Siu Albert L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHomebound older adults are medically complex and often have difficulty accessing outpatient medical care. Home‐based primary care (HBPC) may improve care and outcomes for this population but data from randomized trials of HBPC in the United States are limited.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of HBPC versus office‐based primary care for adults ages ≥65 years who reported ≥1 hospitalization in the prior 12 months and met the Medicare definition of homebound. HBPC was provided by teams consisting of a physician, nurse practitioner, nurse, and social worker. Data were collected at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐months. Outcomes were quality of life, symptoms, satisfaction with care, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits. Recruitment was terminated early because more deaths were observed for intervention patients.ResultsThe study enrolled 229 patients, 65.4% of planned recruitment. The mean age was 82 (9.0) years and 72.3% had dementia. Of those assigned to HBPC, 34.2% never received it. Intervention patients had greater satisfaction with care than controls (2.26, 95% CI 1.46–3.06, p < 0.0001; effect size 0.74) and lower hospitalization rates (−17.9%, 95% CI −31.0% to −1.0%; p = 0.001; number needed to treat 6, 95% CI 3–100). There were no significant differences in quality of life (1.25, 95% CI −0.39–2.89, p = 0.13), symptom burden (−1.92, 95% CI −5.22–1.37, p = 0.25) or ED visits (1.2%, 95% CI −10.5%–12.4%; p = 0.87). There were 24 (21.1%) deaths among intervention patients and 12 (10.7%) among controls (p < 0.0001).ConclusionHBPC was associated with greater satisfaction with care and lower hospitalization rates but also more deaths compared to office‐based primary care. Additional research is needed to understand the nature of the higher death rate for HBPC patients, as well as to determine the effects of HBPC on quality of life and symptom burden given the trial's early termination.
intER‐ACTINg: The structure and dynamics of ER and actin are interlinked
Authors: Pain Charlotte , Tolmie Frances , Wojcik Stefan , Wang Pengwei , Kriechbaumer Verena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is the driver of gross ER remodelling and the movement and positioning of other membrane‐bound organelles such as Golgi bodies. Rapid ER membrane remodelling is a feature of most plant cells and is important for normal cellular processes, including targeted secretion, immunity and signalling. Modifications to the actin cytoskeleton through pharmacological agents such as Latrunculin B and phalloidin, or disruption of normal myosin function also affect ER structure and/or dynamics. Here, we investigate the impact of changes in the actin cytoskeleton on structure and dynamics on the ER as well as in return the impact of modified ER structure on the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. By expressing actin markers that affect actin dynamics, or expressing of ER‐shaping proteins that influence ER architecture, we found that the structure of ER‐actin networks is closely inter‐related; affecting one component is likely to have a direct effect on the other. Therefore, our results indicate that a complicated regulatory machinery and cross‐talk between these two structures must exist in plants to co‐ordinate the function of ER‐actin network during multiple subcellular processes. In addition, when considering organelle structure and dynamics, the choice of actin marker is essential in preventing off‐target organelle structure and dynamics modifications.
Potentiation of ASIC currents by lysophosphatidic acid in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Li Qing , Qiao Wen‐Long , Hao Jia‐Wei , Wei Shuang , Li Xue‐Mei , Liu Ting‐Ting , Qiu Chun‐Yu , Hu Wang‐Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid which has been implicated in pain. Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are important players in pain associated with tissue acidification. However, it is still unclear whether there is a link between LPA signaling and ASICs in pain processes. Herein, we show that a functional interaction between them in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Pre‐application of LPA enhanced ASIC‐mediated and acid‐evoked inward currents in a concentration‐dependent manner. LPA shifted the concentration–response curve for protons upwards, with an increase of 41.79 ± 4.71% in the maximal current response of ASICs to protons in the presence of LPA. Potentiation of ASIC currents by LPA was blocked by the LPA1 receptor antagonist Ki16198, but not by the LPA2 receptor antagonist H2L5185303. The LPA‐induced potentiation was also prevented by intracellular application of either G protein inhibitor or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but not by Rho inhibitor. LPA also enhanced ASIC3 currents in CHO cells co‐expressing ASIC3 and LPA1 receptors, but not in cells expressing ASIC3 alone. Moreover, LPA increased the amplitude of the depolarization and the number of spikes induced by acid stimuli. Finally, LPA exacerbated acid‐induced nociceptive behaviors in rats. These results suggested that LPA enhanced ASIC‐mediated electrophysiological activity and nociception via a LPA1 receptor and its downstream PKC rather than Rho signaling pathway, which provided a novel peripheral mechanism underlying the sensitization of pain.image
Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments influence in pelvis kinematics
Authors: Henyš Petr , Ramezani Maziar , Schewitz Daniel , Höch Andreas , Möbius Dustin , Ondruschka Benjamin , Hammer Niels 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe alteration in mechanical properties of posterior pelvis ligaments may cause a biased pelvis deformation which, in turn, may contribute to hip and spine instability and malfunction. Here, the effect of different mechanical properties of ligaments on lumbopelvic deformation is analyzed via the finite element method. First, the improved finite element model was validated using experimental data from previous studies and then used to calculate the sensitivity of lumbopelvic deformation to changes in ligament mechanical properties, load magnitude, and unilateral ligament resection. The deformation of the lumbopelvic complex relative to a given load was predominant in the medial plane. The effect of unilateral resection on deformation appeared to be counterintuitive, suggesting that ligaments have the ability to redistribute load and that they play an important role in the mechanics of the lumbopelvic complex.
Association between non‐anemic iron deficiency in early pregnancy and perinatal mental health: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Ohsuga Takuma , Egawa Miho , Kii Misato , Ikeda Yumie , Ueda Akihiko , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Mogami Haruta , Mandai Masaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimPostpartum anemia and iron deficiency are reportedly involved in postpartum depression, but the association between perinatal depression and iron deficiency with or without anemia is poorly documented. This pilot study retrospectively investigated the relationship between non‐anemic iron deficiency (NAID) in early pregnancy and perinatal depressive symptoms.MethodsThis study included 31 non‐anemic women among patients who received perinatal care with preserved residual serum from routine antenatal checkups in Kyoto University Hospital. All participants gave informed consent for research. The ferritin concentration in their preserved serum was measured. The hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin in early pregnancy, as well as the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at mid‐pregnancy and 1 month after childbirth were analyzed. Iron deficiency was defined as a serum ferritin concentration < 30 ng/mL.ResultsBased on the ferritin level in early pregnancy, 13 women (41.9%) had NAID, whereas 18 were normal. The mean Hb and ferritin were 12.7 ± 0.6 g/dL and 18.5 ± 5.8 ng/mL in the NAID group and 12.8 ± 0.9 g/dL and 74.7 ± 39.2 ng/mL in the normal group, respectively. The median EPDS scores at mid‐pregnancy and 1 month postpartum, respectively, were 2.0 (2.0–3.3) and 5.0 (4.0–6.6) in the NAID group and 4.5 (2.3–7.3) and 4.5 (2.3–5.7) in the normal group. EPDS scores increased significantly from mid‐pregnancy to 1 month postpartum in the NAID group only.ConclusionNAID in early pregnancy was highly prevalent and was suggested to reduce resilience to depression during the perinatal period.
Prevalence and outcome of lymphopenia in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: A prospective observational study
Authors: Nallasamy Karthi , Magee Aidan , Millar K Johnny , Duke Trevor 
Published: August 2022

AimLeukopenia (lymphopenia or neutropenia) may be an important marker of altered immunity and risk in children with critical illness. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, course, and outcome of leukopenia in children admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).MethodsAll consecutive children (n = 200) admitted to PICU for any reason except malignancy or pre‐existing immune deficiency were enrolled during June–August 2018.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) age was 2.2 (0.6–8.5) years. About 52% (n = 103) had undergone a surgical procedure; 34% (n = 68) being cardiac surgery. Among medical illnesses, respiratory disorders were the most common (n = 39, 20%). Laboratory confirmed infections were present in 63 (31.5%) children. Leukopenia was identified in 135 (67.5%) children in the first week; 117 (58.5%) had only lymphopenia, 16 (8%) had both lymphopenia and neutropenia, and 2 (1%) had only neutropenia. In 69 children who had follow‐up blood counts, lymphopenia resolved in 33 (48%) within 48 h and in another 20 (29%) by 4 days, and in a further 10 (14%) by 7 days. Children with lymphopenia had higher frequency of cardiac surgery, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, greater need for invasive ventilation and vasopressor/inotrope therapy, and a higher probability of organ failure on day 4 and longer hospital stay.ConclusionIn critically ill children, lymphopenia is very common, often transient, but may be associated with unfavourable outcomes. Further studies with follow‐up of blood counts in a larger sample are required to determine the course and outcomes of lymphopenia.
Melatonin alleviates PM2.5‐induced glucose metabolism disorder and lipidome alteration by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Du Zhou , Hu Junjie , Lin Lisen , Liang Qingqing , Sun Mengqi , Sun Zhiwei , Duan Junchao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with an increased incidence of liver metabolic disease. Melatonin has been shown to prevent liver glucolipid metabolism disorders. However, whether melatonin could rescue PM2.5‐induced liver metabolic abnormalities remains uncertain. This study was to evaluate the mitigating effect of melatonin on PM2.5‐accelerated hepatic glucose metabolism imbalance in vivo and in vitro. Schiff periodic acid shiff staining and other results showed that PM2.5 led to a decrease in hepatic glycogen reserve and an increase in glucose content, which was effectively alleviated by melatonin. Targeted lipidomics is used to identify lipid biomarkers associated with this process, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids. In addition, gene microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of ApoE−/− mice liver suggested that PM2.5 activated the miR‐200a‐3p and inhibited DNAJB9, and the targeting relationship was verified by luciferase reports for the first time. Further investigation demonstrated that DNAJB9 might motivate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by regulating Ca2+ homeostasis, thus altering the protein expression of GSK3B, FOXO1, and PCK2. Meanwhile, melatonin effectively inhibited miR‐200a‐3p and glucose metabolism disorder. Knockout of miR‐200a‐3p in L02 cells revealed that miR‐200a‐3p is indispensable in the damage of PM2.5 and the therapeutic effect of melatonin. In summary, melatonin alleviated PM2.5‐induced liver metabolic dysregulation by regulating ER stress via miR‐200a‐3p/DNAJB9 signaling pathway. Our data provide a prospective targeted therapy for air pollution‐related liver metabolism disorders.
Insulin expression in β cells is reduced within islets before islet loss in diabetic cats
Authors: Bergomi V. , Beck S. , Dobromylskyj M. , Davison L. J. , Wills J. W. , Hughes K. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesDiabetes mellitus is a common condition that requires intensive treatment and markedly impacts the welfare of affected cats. The aim of this study was to identify diabetes mellitus‐associated perturbations in the feline pancreatic islet microenvironment. The utility of “clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis” (CUBIC) for three‐dimensional pancreatic analysis was investigated.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from cats with diabetes mellitus, or control cats without pancreatic pathology, were retrospectively identified. Immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and immunofluorescence for insulin and synaptophysin, were used to assess changes in islets. An image analysis pipeline was developed to analyse images acquired from two‐dimensional immunofluorescence. CUBIC was used to optically clear selected pancreas samples before immunofluorescence and deep three‐dimensional confocal microscopy.ResultsDiabetic cats have a significant reduction in synaptophysin‐positive islet area. Whilst islets from diabetic patients have similar numbers of β cells to islets from control cats, significantly lower intensity of insulin expression can be observed in the former. CUBIC facilitates clear visualisation of pancreatic islets in three dimensions.Clinical SignificanceThe data presented support the theory that there is a decrease in function of β cells before their destruction, suggesting a potentially significant step in the pathogenesis of feline diabetes mellitus. In parallel, we demonstrate CUBIC as a valuable new tool to visualise the shape of feline pancreatic islets and to interrogate pathology occurring in the islets of diabetic pets.
Diagnostic imaging findings in a referral population of dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia: 50 cases (2015‐2018)
Authors: De Laet N. , Fina C. , Dhumeaux M. , Hrovat A. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe and characterise changes documented on thoracic and abdominal imaging of dogs with confirmed immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia.Materials and MethodsMedical records from a referral hospital were searched from 2015 to 2018 for all dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia that underwent thoracic and abdominal imaging by radiography, ultrasound or computed tomography.ResultsFifty dogs were included. Thoracic imaging revealed abnormalities in 10 dogs (20%) of which lymphadenopathy and cardiomegaly were documented in four dogs (8%) each, and pleural effusion and pleural thickening in one dog (2%) each. Abdominal imaging revealed abnormalities in 43 dogs (86%), in which hepatomegaly and peritoneal effusion were documented in 20 (40%) and 19 dogs (38%), gallbladder wall thickening and sludge in 16 (32%) and 14 dogs (28%) and splenic nodules and splenomegaly in 13 (26%) and seven dogs (14%), respectively. Hepatic and splenic abnormalities were further investigated via fine needle aspirates in 18 dogs and revealed extramedullary haematopoiesis in 12 hepatic (66.7%) and 14 splenic (77.8%) fine needle aspirate samples. Cholecystocentesis was performed in nine dogs with gallbladder abnormalities and revealed bactibilia in three samples (33.3%).Clinical SignificanceIn this population of dogs with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia, thoracic imaging abnormalities were uncommon. Hepatomegaly, peritoneal effusion and gallbladder wall thickening were the most common abdominal imaging findings with bactibilia confirmed in one third of collected bile samples. Hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal lymphadenopathy were not associated with neoplasia in any of the dogs included in this study.
Quality of life of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An integrative literature review
Authors: Turnage Dawn , Conner Norma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper presents an integrated literature review of the quality of life (QOL) in parents of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The rate of ASD is increasing. Parents of children with ASD have higher levels of stress and burden, which may lead to lower QOL.Design and MethodsA comprehensive, electronic search was performed to retrieve 15 relevant articles, including 5565 participants. An integrative review was performed to appraise and synthesize findings.ResultsQOL was found to be lower in parents of children with ASD in physical, psychological, and social health and in spirituality, as compared with adults who were not parents of children with ASD. The strongest risk factor for parental QOL was the severity of the diagnosis of ASD. Protective factors for parental QOL were parent education level and levels of severity of ASD in the child.Practice ImplicationsNurses can support families impacted by ASD, particularly severe ASD, through tailored resources to support early diagnosis and intervention, through the support of policies affecting low‐income families, and through increased awareness of severe ASD and its' impact on the child and the family.
Diagnostic yield of uroendoscopy compared to ultrasonography for evaluating lower urinary tract disorders in dogs
Authors: Hsieh Emmelyn S. , Palm Carrie , Segev Gilad , Johnson Eric G. , Leung Kaitlin , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCystourethroscopy and vaginoscopy (uroendoscopy) is often used in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD).Objective/HypothesisTo evaluate if uroendoscopy is warranted in dogs with various LUTD, the agreement between uroendoscopic and ultrasonographic diagnoses were compared. Dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) will have the highest diagnostic agreement between uroendoscopy and ultrasonography (US) compared to dogs presenting for other LUTD.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐seven dogs presenting between 2014 and 2019 with lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) that had US within 60 days preceding uroendoscopy.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs were categorized by primary indication for ultrasound. Pertinent uroendoscopic findings were recorded and agreements (κ analysis) between the final uroendoscopic diagnosis were compared with the final ultrasonographic diagnosis.ResultsPertinent uroendoscopic findings were recorded for 69/237 (29%) cases. For dogs presenting primarily for urinary incontinence (UI), agreement between uroendoscopy and US was 71% (46/65; κ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28‐0.66), for dogs with stranguria, 58% (29/50; κ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.31‐0.62) and for dogs with rUTI the agreement was substantial at 87% (26/30; κ = 0.70, 95% CI 0.43‐0.98). Urethral strictures were the majority (14/21; 67%) of pertinent uroendoscopic findings for dogs with stranguria, of which 12 were male dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAgreement between uroendoscopy and US was moderate for all dogs. Based on these data, recommendation for uroendoscopy should be tailored to individual clinical presentation and signalment; transabdominal US is not the preferred modality for urethral lesions.