bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Surgical Time, Short-term Adverse Events, and Implant Placement Accuracy Between Manual, Robotic-assisted, and Computer-navigated Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Bovonratwet Patawut , Polce Evan M. , Paul Katlynn , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Recent years have observed the increasing utilization of robotic-assisted and computer navigation techniques in total hip arthroplasty (THA), given the proposed benefits of enhanced consistency and precision in implant placement. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether differences in surgical times, adverse events, and implant positioning existed between manual, robotic-assisted, and computer navigation THA.

Methods:
PubMed, OVID/MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were queried for RCTs comparing robotic-assisted versus manual THA and computer navigation versus manual THA at a minimum 1-year follow-up. Frequentist model network meta-analyses with P-scores were conducted to compare revisions, complications, and surgical times among the three treatment groups. A random-effects meta-analysis between computer navigation and manual THAs was conducted to analyze cup positioning because no robotic-assisted THA studies reported this outcome.

Results:
Five RCTs compared robotic-assisted and manual THAs, while seven compared computer navigation and manual THAs. manual THA was associated with significantly reduced surgical time in comparison with computer navigation (mean difference: 23.3 minutes) and robotic-assisted THAs (mean difference: 8.6 minutes; P < 0.001). No difference was observed in the incidence of all-cause complications (computer navigation: 1.7%, manual: 6.6%, and robotic-assisted: 16.2%) or revisions (computer navigation: 1.0%, manual: 1.7%, and robotic-assisted 4.8%) among the three treatment groups based on the network meta-analysis. In three studies that reported acetabular implant positioning, computer navigation had a significantly higher percentage of acetabular cups placed in the Lewinnek “safe zone” compared with manual THA (79% versus 52%; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
manual THA results in markedly shorter surgical times and a similar incidence of complications and revisions compared with robotic-assisted and computer navigation THAs, given the sample sizes available for study. However, computer navigation THA led to increased precision in the placement of acetabular implants.
A Survey to Assess Knowledge of Antenatal Care among Rural Women of Gujrat, Pakistan
Authors: John Akash , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Noor Sofia , Iqbal Neelam , Muhammad Aasia Noor , John Nayab 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Antenatal care is the daily health management of healthy pregnant women with few symptoms, orderly diagnosis of diseases or difficulties connected to obstetrics, and contributing to lifestyle, pregnancy, antenatal care, and safe delivery of child.
Objective:To assess the knowledgeof antenatal Care among Pregnant women of Rural Population
Material and Methods:The study was conducted at rural areas of Gujrat city for the periodof 6 months, fromJanuary 2021 to June 2021. The data was collected through Questionnaire which was piloted tested and validated by Cronbach. A sample of 100 was taken following inclusion criteria of pregnant women to assess knowledge from rural under developed areas of Gujrat, Pakistan.
Results:A total of 100 participants were included in which common agegroups were 26-32 having 37%. The Profession and literacy status was evaluated and found 73% Housewives and 59% Illiterate. Results also shows the Responses about their knowledge clearly showing that 59% pregnant women do not visit and unaware of number of visits in Maternity Clinics. 40 % of the women were unaware about Blood Pressure maintenance in Antenatal care.52% women did not know about blood and urine tests performed during pregnancy. Pregnant women who was unaware of vaccination during antenatal care was 54% and 59% do not acknowledge about using of Multi vitamins during this period of pregnancy.
Conclusion:In conclusion rural population had little of Antenatal care, maternal issues, nutritional supplements, investigation tests, and vaccinations practices. The primary reason for this was lack of awareness about proper health care services in rural areas. The secondary reason was family/husband restraints and impediments for not seeking antenatal care.
Role of Epigenetic alterations in the development of cancers
Authors: Mehboob Riffat 
Published: April 2022

Many different factors are involved in the progression of cancers. Genes mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are normally considered main cause of cancers but there are some other reason for the development of cancers. Other cancer causing factors are known as epigenetic alterations [1,2]. Epigentic modification of genome is known as epigenetic alterations, lead toward cancer cells production. Epigentic modification does not cause change in sequences of nucleotide. Similar to genetic alteration epigenetic alteration can’t be ignored [3]. Basically mechanisms behind epigenetic modifications are deregulation of DNA proteins, change in CpG island methylation, change in histone, oncogenes activation and deactivation of tumor suppressor [4].
Epigenetic alterations is directly linked with functional alterations of genome. Alteration in DNA methylation, histone degeneration and functional and structural abnormalities of chromosomes are the major examples of epigenetic modifications [5]. The main function of all epigenetic alterations is to modulate gene expression with same DNA sequences. Means these changes never effect main basal sequence oF DNA [6], which remain same in cell division [7].
Many different types of cancers contains large number of epigenetic alterations, the most important of these are epigenetic alterations that occurs in DNA repair genes. These DNA repair genes drive slow expression of DNA proteins. These abnormalities cause genetic unreliability, which is mainly considered as characteristic of various cancers [8,9].
Mobile Phone Usage and its health impacts
Authors: Kabir Mahvish 
Published: April 2022

The frequency of mobile phone usage has been on the rise in past few decades around the world. This trend has even much increased in last 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic. Whole scenario of work, education, entertainment has been totally changed and shifted from physical activity to online mode. People have started doing everything on mobile phones via applications e.g. booking a car, ordering a food, taking lectures, playing games, consulting a physician, doing zoom meetings and entertainment is also restricted to online activities. In one way its positive that everything is just one click away and you don’t have to go out even for grocery shopping. On the otherhand, people have become very lazy and have stopped all kind of physical activities which has impacted adversely on their health.
It is often argued by some that increased cell phone usage has resulted in the rise of psychological and physical issues among the youth, well they are right to much extent. Although, people who use social media sites more than usual, they feel that they are relaxed but actually that is just an illusion for a time being. Sleeping patterns of the people has been totally disturbed who used mobile phone excessively. The have been sleeping in odd timings and therefore eating randomly. Hence, this is an eye opener for the society and authorities that excessive and un checked usage of mobile phone has caused many mental and physical health issues. We must take firm measures to educate, train and motivate people towards an active and healthy life style.
STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND COMPETITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION: POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN
Authors: Younus Khadija 
Published: April 2022

With Indo-Pacific being the stage for US-China strategic influence, South East Asia’s geopolitical scenario is likely to be transformed considerably. By declaring India as a Net Security Provider, the US has backed its outreach in the region by officially adjoining Pacific and Indian Oceans as the Indo-Pacific region. Major countries of the region including China, Russia, India, and Pakistan are in the phase of diversifying and reconfiguring their relationships. Within this scenario, Pakistan and India are likely to pursue their strategic interests that take them in opposite directions. While the US endows India with its strategic partner status, CPEC in Pakistan has emerged as a litmus test for China’s BRI. The contestation is to have a direct bearing on the strategic matrix of South Asia generally and Pakistan particularly. This qualitative research under the framework of realist/neo-realist and complex interdependence’s assumptions undertakes to account for this Sino-US strategic convergence and competition that is leading to a security dilemma in South Asia with implications for Pakistan. It concludes cooperation between the US and China is to enhance Pakistan’s security both internal and external while competition is to erode it. Alongside, this paper formulates some policy options for Pakistan’s decisionmakers for ensuring the security and socio-economic development of the country.

Bibliography Entry
Younus, Khadija. 2020. "Strategic Convergence and Competition in the Indo-Pacific Region: Policy Options for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 81-96.
CPEC: A TOOL FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND LIBERAL INSTITUTIONALISM
Authors: Ali Asif 
Published: April 2022

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been visualized by political scientists as a structural change in the balance of power of the world. The corridor has far-reaching economic and geopolitical impacts on Southwest Asian countries in general and Pakistan in particular. CPEC, being a transnational project, may face challenges in geographic as well as human terrain during its implementation phase. It would involve extra ordinary engineering resources to execute, massive funds to realize, and political acumen to manage social elements of Southwest Asian countries. This paper, therefore, explores China’s evolving relationship with the international system to achieve accelerated infrastructure development and boosted socio-economic growth through regional integration and liberal institutionalism. It is a multilateral strategy that will help Pakistan realize its true potential in the economic and strategic domains. It also endeavors to find linkages between China’s multilateralism with regional integration under the framework of CPEC based on liberal values of connectivity.

Bibliography Entry
Ali, Asif. 2020. "CPEC: A Tool for Regional Integration and Liberal Institutionalism." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 1-15.
FAILURE OF ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION: A CASE OF DISMAL STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN KASHMIR AND PALESTINE
Authors: Shamshad Muhammad , Arshad Farooq 
Published: April 2022

A profound observation of human rights endorses democratic norms, socio-political stability, economic prosperity, and the rule of law. Almost all developed states ensure their citizens with the protection of fundamental rights, and, in return, community plays a critical role in nation-building. Many human rights activists and organizations highlight the shortcomings behind the promulgation of laws for human security and plan to maintain security. Some developing states have failed to copy the developed states' human rights policy framework, especially regarding the protection of human rights. They are either trying to deprive their minorities of fundamental rights or confiscating their territories while pushing them into deteriorated conditions. India and Israel are two prominent examples of this connection. This study, therefore, analyses how India is dealing with its minorities, especially Muslims in illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir. It also calls attention to the expansionist policy of Israel, disposing of Palestinians from their territory, thus experiencing the worst form of human rights violations. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has also forgotten the objectives of its formation. Its leadership is dormant, which has paved the way for India and Israel to inflict more aggression on innocent Muslims. The study suggests that OIC leadership should be more active, saving Muslims from the worst kinds of human rights violations.

Bibliography Entry
Shamshad, Muhammad, Farooq Arshad. 2021. "Failure of Organization of Islamic Cooperation: A Case of Dismal State of Human Rights in Kashmir and Palestine." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 47-60.
MENCEGAH MEROSOTNYA INTEGRITAS PENYELENGGARA PEMILIHAN UMUM DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Ariyanto  , B Maasawet Ferdinand , Muslim H 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bermaksud menunjukan bahwa salah satu faktor utama permasalahan merosotnya integritas penyelenggara pemilu disebabkan bahwa dalam rekrutmen tidak ada syarat yang mewajibkan penyelenggara pemilu mengikuti pendidikan karakter bangsa. Penelitian ini kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa untuk mengatasi merosotnya integritasi penyelenggara pemilu, maka perlu desain yang ideal supaya sistem pendidikan dalam menanamkan karakter bangsa bisa terwujud dalam menjaring para penyelenggara pemilu. Lembaga penegakan kode etik, merupakan lembaga yang bisa diberikan kewenangan dalam melaksanakan pendidikan penanaman nilai karakter bangsa,dengan begitu paling tidak hasil dari proses pendidikan melahirkan sosok-sosok penyelenggara pemilu yang berintegritas
EVALUATION OF ALLEGED MALPRACTICE DUE TO AESTHETIC AND COSMETIC INTERVENTIONS AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: ÖNER Bedirhan Sezer , GÜNDOĞMUŞ Ümit Naci , ÇETİN Selçuk , ŞİRİN Gözde , IRİTAS Servet Birgin , DİNÇ Ahmet Hakan , TURAN Ömer 
Published: April 2022

ÖZET
Gelişen teknolojiler doğrultusunda estetik ve kozmetik girişimlerde yeni teknikler gelişmesi sebebiyle, girişim miktarında ve talebinde artış izlenmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak son yıllarda tıbbi uygulama hatası iddialarında belirgin artış izlenmektedir. Çalışmada Adli Tıp Kurumu 3. İhtisas Kurulu’nca 2007-2011 yılları arasında görüş bildirilen estetik ve kozmetik girişimler ile ilgili tıbbi uygulama hatası iddiası bulunan 134 olgu incelenmiştir. Olguların 38’i erkek, 96’sı kadın, yaş ortalaması ise 39,5±1,2 idi. Olguların büyük çoğunluğuna Özel Hastanelerde girişim uygulanmıştı. (47%). Olguların 29’una (%21,6) kusur verilmiş olup, 17’si (%12) hakkında çeşitli sebeplerle görüş bildirilememişti. Kusur bulunan gruptaki girişim bölgesi çoklu olanlar kusur bulunmayan gruptan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek saptanmıştır (p
“Something with a Frightening Reputation”: 60 Minutes’ Accommodation of HIV in Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Stewart Craig O. , Young Amanda J. 
Published: April 2022

On March 10, 2019, 60 Minutes reported the development of a potentially life-altering gene therapy for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Despite this therapy’s potential for cure, SCD community members’ reactions ranged from skepticism to fear due to the use of deactivated HIV as a vector for transporting the corrected gene into stem cells, thus repairing the faulty gene in SCD. Using a mental models framework, we analyze how 60 Minutes attempted to explain this research and how audiences reacted on social media. Specifically, we show how 60 Minutes’ treatment of given versus new information, as well as the journalists’ failure to account for the specific audiences with the most at stake, led to misunderstandings that contributed to ongoing fear and mistrust of the scientific community. We conclude with recommendations for how journalists should approach accommodating science when that science has particular impacts on minoritized and marginalized groups.
Diagnostic Workup of Microcytic Anemia: An Evaluation of Underuse or Misuse of Laboratory Testing in a Hospital Setting Using the AlinIQ System
Authors: Cadamuro Janne , Simundic Ana-Maria , von Meyer Alexander , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Keppel Martin H. , Oberkofler Hannes , Felder Thomas K. , Mrazek Cornelia 
Published: April 2022

Context.—
Underuse of laboratory testing has been previously investigated in preselected populations, such as documented malpractice claims. However, these numbers might not reflect real-life situations.

Objective.—
To evaluate the underuse and misuse of laboratory follow-up testing in a real-life hospital patient population with microcytic anemia, using laboratory results ordered during routine patient care.

Design.—
From all patients in whom a microcytic anemia was detected during routine diagnostics in 2018, all available laboratory data were collected and screened for appropriateness of diagnostic workup of iron deficiency and thalassemia. Subgroup analysis was performed for patient groups with mean corpuscular volume values 75 to 79 μm3 (group 1), 65 to 74 μm3 (group 2), and &lt;65 μm3 (group 3).

Results.—
A total of 2244 patients with microcytic anemia were identified. Follow-up testing for iron deficiency was not performed in 761 cases (34%). For inconclusive ferritin levels due to elevated C-reactive protein results (n = 336), reticulocyte hemoglobin content or soluble transferrin receptor levels were missing in 86 cases (26%). In patients with suspected thalassemia (n = 127), follow-up testing for hemoglobin variants was not performed in 70 cases (55%). Subgroup analysis showed that the frequency of underuse of iron status as well as thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy testing decreased from group 1 to group 3. When considering relevant preexisting anemia diagnoses, laboratory tests were underused in 904 cases (40.3%).

Conclusions.—
Because 40% (n = 904) of the patients with microcytic anemia were potentially not followed up correctly, laboratory specialists are advised to act by implementing demand management strategies in collaboration with clinicians to overcome underuse of laboratory tests and to improve patient safety.
Design and Construction of Icebreakers for Operation in the Barents Sea
Authors: Tan Chenghui 
Published: April 2022

Recent major oil finds in the Russia Arctic region have led to a marked increase in exploration and production activities. Russian Government and Russian oil companies have invested heavily to make year–round export of oil and gas from the Barents and Pechora Seas a reality. Lukoil, in particular, is developing the Varandey terminal. Lukoil has ordered one dedicated icebreaker and one icebreaking standby/supply ship from Keppel Singmarine.
The icebreaker is capable of operating independently in the ice conditions. Built to RMRS LL7 notation, its main function is to perform ice channeling for tankers within the terminal area, assist in tanker maneuvering, mooring and loading. The icebreaking standby/supply ship is built for year–round operation within the area of the offshore oil terminal in the Barents and Pechora Seas. Built to RMRS LU7 notation, its main function is to provide limited ice escort services at the terminal area in the event that the icebreaker becomes unavailable. Operating ambient air temperatures are in the range +30°C to – 40°C. Both ships are built to “Clean Design” standards. The paper describes some of the challenges faced by the Builder during the design and construction of the vessels.
Resistance and Propulsion Tests of CCGS TERRY FOX in Ice - From Model Tests to Full Scale Correlation
Authors: Wang Jungyong , Jones Stephen J. 
Published: April 2022

The first resistance and propulsion tests of a Terry Fox model were carried out in 1988 at the Institute for Ocean Technology, IOT (formerly Institute of Marine Dynamics, IMD). More recent resistance and propulsion model tests were again conducted in 2007. This paper describes not only the correlation with full scale but also the reproducibility and quality of the test data and test method over 20 years. The model has been tested with three different hull-ice friction coefficients, 0.11, 0.045, and 0.005 and several different ice conditions. The empirical formula to predict the full-scale resistance is given based on the IOT’s standard analysis method.
Towed propulsion tests were carried out in ice and in open water using an overload method. During the full-scale tests conducted in 1990 by Fleet Technology Limited, the flexural strength of the ice was 150 kPa and the thickness was 1.55 m. It was quite soft but thick ice. Due to the thick ice, significant propeller ice interaction was reported, but unfortunately model tests were not done with corresponding full-scale ice thickness. Some of the other full-scale measurements (in 1986 by Arctec Canada Limited) had a snow cover, hummocks, and melt-pools which could affect the resistance value. These effects were not taken into account in the model tests.
The present paper shows the usefulness of a non-dimensional method to predict resistance with four components (breaking term, clearing term, buoyancy term and open water term). Overall resistance prediction is good, but the power prediction shows some discrepancies possibly due to propeller ice interaction. The model results from the 1988 to 2007 tests were consistent over the twenty years between the tests, and the prediction method for full-scale power is appropriate with a friction coefficient of about 0.05, as has been found before at IOT.
If Japan was a Person
Authors: Ruschkowski A. Eva 
Published: April 2022

The language memoir has informed a wealth of research on multilingualism. Polly Barton’s book 50 Sounds (2021), in which she narrates her experience of moving to Japan as part of the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme, is another example of autobiographical writing with rich insight into LX learning. The article examines Barton’s exploration of relationships in and with an LX and reflects on the importance of transferential phenomena in LX acquisition. Parallels between LX and L1 learning during infancy are also investigated. The findings seem relevant for a psychodynamic understanding of LX learning that takes object relations into account and will hopefully result in more research.
Breast Cancer Survivorship Experiences
Authors: Ambali Parambil Neethu , Kannan Srinivasan 
Published: April 2022

Background: With advancement in early detection and treatment number of breast cancer survivors are on the rise. Long term survivors have in addition to medical problems related to treatment, psychological distress and challenges related to body image, sexuality and stigma. The survivorship issues related to breast cancer are largely under studied in India.
Methods/Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of breast cancer survivors from 2016 Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) of a Tertiary Cancer Centre (TCC). Baseline data will be collected from registry. Quantitative data on present status and issues of survivors will be done by a cross sectional survey. In depth interviews will be done to explore the challenges of survivors and lived experiences of the co- survivors. Documents about cancer will also be reviewed to find out existing guidelines on breast cancer control.
Discussion: Understanding survivorship experiences will help to improve their quality of life and guide health workers and caregivers in providing the much-needed supportive care in their journey throughout the disease.