bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-factorial examination of amplicon sequencing workflows from sample preparation to bioinformatic analysis
Authors: De Wolfe Travis J. , Wright Erik S. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe development of sequencing technologies to evaluate bacterial microbiota composition has allowed new insights into the importance of microbial ecology. However, the variety of methodologies used among amplicon sequencing workflows leads to uncertainty about best practices as well as reproducibility and replicability among microbiome studies. Using a bacterial mock community composed of 37 soil isolates, we performed a comprehensive methodological evaluation of 540 workflows, each with a different combination of methodological factors spanning sample preparation to bioinformatic analysis to define sources of artifacts that affect sensitivity, specificity, and biases in the resulting compositional profiles. Of the 540 workflows examined, those using the V4-V4 primer set enabled the highest level of concordance between the original mock community and resulting microbiome sequence composition. Use of a high-fidelity polymerase, or a lower-fidelity polymerase with increased PCR elongation time limited chimera formation. Bioinformatic pipelines presented a trade-off between the fraction of distinct community members identified (sensitivity) and fraction of correct sequences (specificity). DADA2 and QIIME2 assembled V4-V4 reads amplified by Taq polymerase resulted in the highest specificity (100%), but only identified 52% of mock community members. Using mothur to assemble and denoise V4-V4 reads resulted in detection of 75% of mock community members among the resulting sequences, albeit with marginally lower specificity (99.5%). Optimization of microbiome workflows is critical for accuracy and to support reproducibility and replicability among microbiome studies. These aspects will help reveal the guiding principles of microbial ecology and impact the translation of microbiome research to human and environmental health.
A conserved population of MHC II-restricted, innate-like, commensal-reactive T cells in the gut of humans and mice
Authors: Hackstein Carl-Philipp , Costigan Dana , Drexhage Linnea , Pearson Claire , Bullers Samuel , Ilott Nicholas , Akther Hossain Delowar , Gu Yisu , FitzPatrick Michael E.B. , Harrison Oliver J. , Garner Lucy C. , Mann Elizabeth H. , Pandey Sumeet , Friedrich Matthias , Provine Nicholas M. , Uhlig Holm , Marchi Emanuele , Powrie Fiona , Klenerman Paul , Thornton Emily E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInteractions with commensal microbes shape host immunity on multiple levels and are recognized to play a pivotal role in human health and disease. In this study, we show that MHC-II restricted, commensal-reactive T cells in the colon of both humans and mice acquire transcriptional and functional characteristics typically associated with innate-like T cells, including the expression of the key transcription factor PLZF and the ability to respond to cytokines including IL-12, IL-18 and IL-23 in a TCR-independent manner. TheseMHC-II restricted,innate-like,commensal-reactive T cells (TMIC) are endowed with a polyfunctional effector potential spanning classic Th1- and Th17-cytokines, cytotoxic molecules as well as regulators of epithelial homeostasis and represent an abundant and conserved cell population in the human and murine colon. T cells with the TMICphenotype were increased in ulcerative colitis patients and their presence aggravated pathology in DSS-treated mice, pointing towards a pathogenic role in colitis. Our findings add TMICcells to the expanding spectrum of innate-like immune cells positioned at the frontline of intestinal immune surveillance, capable of acting as sentinels of microbes and the local cytokine milieu.
Vaccine effectiveness for preventing COVID-19 hospital admission during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study in England during the Alpha and Delta waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Bosworth Matthew L. , Schofield Ryan , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Charlton Loes , Nafilyan Vahé , Khunti Kamlesh , Zaccardi Francesco , Gillies Clare , Akbari Ashley , Knight Marian , Wood Rachael , Hardelid Pia , Zuccolo Luisa , Harrison Camille 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for preventing COVID-19 hospital admission in women first infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, and assess how this compares to VE among women of reproductive age who were not pregnant when first infected.DesignPopulation-based cohort study using national, linked Census and administrative data.SettingEngland, United Kingdom, from 8th December 2020 to 31st August 2021.Participants815,4777 women aged 18 to 45 years (mean age, 30.4 years) who had documented evidence of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHS Test and Trace data or Hospital Episode Statistics.Main outcome measuresA hospital inpatient episode where COVID-19 was recorded as the primary diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for calendar time of infection and sociodemographic factors related to vaccine uptake and risk of severe COVID-19, were used to estimate VE as the complement of the hazard ratio for COVID-19 hospital admission.ResultsCompared with unvaccinated pregnant women, the adjusted rate of COVID-19 hospital admission was 76% (95% confidence interval 69% to 82%) lower for single-vaccinated pregnant women and 83% (75% to 88%) lower for double-vaccinated pregnant women. These estimates were similar to those found for non-pregnant women: 79% (76% to 81%) for single-vaccinated and 82% (80% to 83%) for double-vaccinated. Among those vaccinated more than 90 days before infection, being double-vaccinated was associated with a greater reduction in risk than being single-vaccinated.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced rates of severe illness in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the reduction in risk is similar to that for non-pregnant women. Waning of vaccine effectiveness occurs more quickly after one dose of a vaccine than two doses.What is already known on this topicBeing pregnant is a risk factor for severe illness and mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2.Existing evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines are effective for preventing severe outcomes in pregnant women.However, research directly comparing vaccine effectiveness between pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age at the population level are lacking.What this study addsOur study provides real-world evidence that COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of hospital admission by a similar amount for both women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and women who were not pregnant when infected, during the Alpha and Delta dominant periods in England.
Direct modelling from GPS data reveals daily-activity-dependency of effective reproduction number in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ozaki Jun’ichi , Shida Yohei , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, governments faced difficulties in implementing mobility restriction measures, as no clear quantitative relationship between human mobility and infection spread in large cities is known. We developed a model that enables quantitative estimations of the infection risk for individual places and activities by using smartphone GPS data for the Tokyo metropolitan area. The effective reproduction number is directly calculated from the number of infectious social contacts defined by the square of the population density at each location. The difference in the infection rate of daily activities is considered, where the ‘stay-out’ activity, staying at someplace neither home nor workplace, is more than 28 times larger than other activities. Also, the contribution to the infection strongly depends on location. We imply that the effective reproduction number is sufficiently suppressed if the highest-risk locations or activities are restricted. We also discuss the effects of the Delta variant and vaccination.
Green governmentality and climate change risk management: the case of a regulatory reform in Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Tarek , Lowe Alan , Azam Md Saiful 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study examines green investment reforms carried out in Bangladesh. The reform process curated significant changes by promoting green investment and fostering the adoption of risk management (RM) rationalities. This study’s focus is on revealing changes in behaviour and explaining how RM can act as an effective generator of climate change mitigation practices.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on Foucault's concept of governmentality, the authors apply a “green governmentality” interpretive lens to analyse interviews and documentary evidence, adopting a qualitative case study approach. The authors explore how green governmentality generates RM rationalities and techniques to induce policies and practices within banks and financial institutions (FIs) for climate change mitigation purposes.FindingsThe findings provide valuable insights into the reform process and influence of RM rationalities in the context of environmental concerns. The authors find that the reforms and creation of RM rationalities affect the management of climate mitigation practices within banks and FIs and identify the processes through which the RM techniques are transformed as climate concerns are emphasised. The authors illustrate green governmentality as persuasive strategies, which have generated specific ways of seeing climate change reality and new ways of inserting RM into organisational activities, through the green governmentality effects they created. These reforms made climate change actionable and governable through the production of RM rationalities, supported by accounting conceptualisations and processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe insights from this study can assist with how we act upon questions of climate change from an RM perspective. Governments, policymakers and regulators who develop climate change-related laws, regulations and policies can draw on these insights to help foster green governmentality for climate change mitigation actions informed by RM practices.Originality/valueThis study offers insights into how climate change is not simply a biophysical reality but a site of power-knowledge dynamics where RM rationalities are constructed, and accounting processes are transformed. The authors show the application of RM and accounting efforts to change investment practices and how changes were encouraged and promoted by using regulation as a persuasive force on knowledgeable subjects rather than a repressive or oppressive power. The analytic power of green governmentality can be applied to increase understanding of how RM rationality contribute to the creation of useful conceptualisations of climate change and provide insights into how organisations respond to green governmentality.
Analysis of the influence of day and night temperature difference on oxygen concentration in ullage space of fuel tank
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Liu Weihua 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Determining the variation law of the oxygen concentration in the ullage space of the fuel tank is the key to the design of the inert system. Among various factors affecting the oxygen concentration in the ullage space of the fuel tank, the temperature difference between day and night shows particular importance while relevant analysis and calculation are scarce.

Design/methodology/approach
This study establishes a theoretical simulation model of the central wing fuel tank of an aircraft according to the relevant provisions of day-night temperature variation in FAR25 airworthiness regulations, verifies the model with the existing experimental data and discusses the corresponding relationship between the oxygen concentration in the ullage space of the fuel tank and the day-night temperature difference. The influence of day and night temperature difference, fuel type, fuel load rate, initial oxygen concentration, dissolved oxygen evolution and other factors on the oxygen concentration in the ullage space of the fuel tank were analyzed, and the limit of initial oxygen concentration of the fuel tank before the shutdown at night meeting the requirements of the airworthiness provisions was proposed.

Findings
The results show that the temperature difference between day and night, fuel load rate, initial oxygen concentration and other factors have different effects on the oxygen concentration in the ullage space of fuel tank. The initial oxygen concentration limit before shutdown shall be 2% below the 12% oxygen concentration stipulated by FAA.

Research limitations/implications
The research results in this paper will be of good reference value to the design of the inert system and the calculation of the flammability exposure evaluation time. This paper aims to be good reference of the design of the inert system and the calculation of the flammability exposure evaluation time.

Originality/value
The research results of this paper can provide practical guidance for the current civil airworthiness certification work.
Automatic management of electrical loads in more electric aircraft
Authors: Fan Zhiyong , Zhao Zhen , Liu Zhexu 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to automatically generate load shedding sequences due to insufficient power supply, to ensure flight safety and complete flight task.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a power allocation and load management model, including logical and physical submodels of the distribution system, is first established according to different requirements of the loads in different flight phase and the current total power supply. Then, an optimal load management scheme based on an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to automatically generate load shedding sequences for both safety-critical and nonsafety critical loads, to achieve a reliable and safe power supply.

Findings
To verify the efficiency and feasibility of the algorithm, the proposed method is verified in a virtual simulation platform. Simulation result illustrates that the proposed algorithm is efficient and feasible.

Practical implications
The proposed method can provide guidance on load power supply when the civil aircraft is under abnormal power supply situation.

Originality/value
An optimal load management scheme is proposed by considering different requirements of the loads in different flight phase and the current total power supply.
Conceptualising the panic buying phenomenon during COVID-19 as an affective assemblage
Authors: Zaky Ahmed , Mohamed Hassan , Saxena Gunjan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to conceptualise the panic buying behaviour of consumers in the UK during the novel COVID-19 crisis, using the assemblage approach as it is non-deterministic and relational and affords new ways of understanding the phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach
The study undertakes a digital ethnography approach and content analysis of Twitter data. A total of 6,803 valid tweets were collected over the period when panic buying was at its peak at the beginning of the first lockdown in March 2020.

Findings
The panic buying phase was a radical departure from the existing linguistic, discursive, symbolic and semiotic structures that define routine consumer behaviour. The authors suggest that the panic buying behaviour is best understood as a constant state of becoming, whereby stockpiling, food waste and a surge in cooking at home emerged as significant contributors to positive consumer sentiments.

Research limitations/implications
The authors offer unique insights into the phenomenon of panic buying by considering DeLanda’s assemblage theory. This work will inform future research associated with new social meanings of products, particularly those that may have been (re)shaped during the COVID-19 crisis.

Practical implications
The study offers insights for practitioners and retailers to lessen the intensity of consumers’ panic buying behaviour in anticipation of a crisis and for successful crisis management.

Originality/value
Panic buying took on a somewhat carnivalesque hue as consumers transitioned to what we consider to be atypical modes of purchasing that remain under-theorised in marketing. Using the conceptual lenses of assemblage, the authors map bifurcations that the panic buyers’ assemblages articulated via material and immaterial bodies.
The effectiveness of compression garment in relieving muscular pain: a review
Authors: Agarwal Shivangi , Juneja Shalini 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand compression garment in the area of medical industry, compression garments were used initially for patients with circulatory problems. External pressure was created by compression garments on the body surface which prevents blood clots, leg swelling and improves venous hemodynamics.Design/methodology/approachCompression rehabilitation is a significant element in the effective management of lower limb problems of people associated with venous, lymphatic, fat disorders like lipoedema.FindingsCompression garments have been attributed primarily for the increase in blood flow, improvement in recovery, reduction in muscle vibration that increase stability, improvement in thermoregulation, decrease in muscle pain, elimination of blood lactate and creatine kinase after exercise.Originality/valueCompression garments are extraordinary clothes that contain elastomeric yarns or fibers that are responsible for applying significant mechanical pressure on the required body surface for compressing, stabilizing and supporting underlying tissues.
Provision of health-related information for immigrant patrons in public libraries in a large US city
Authors: Grossman Suzanne , Erwin Lisa Jane , Martinez-Donate Ana , Agosto Denise E. , Winston Mark , Epstein Nancy , Klassen Ann C. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Public libraries can help immigrants adjust to life in the USA, including maintaining health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to understand how immigrants use public libraries and how library staff provide health-related information and services for immigrant audiences.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used semistructured interviews with library staff (n = 9) and immigrant library patrons (n = 10), representing multiple first languages and countries of origin from two different library locations within a large public library system in a US mid-Atlantic city.

Findings
Staff reported offering many health-related programs and services, but only one of the 10 patron respondents had used them. Patrons more commonly used the library in ways indirectly related to health (e.g. learning English) than direct health-related services. Staff reported comfort interacting with immigrant patrons, but lacked consensus on navigating language barriers and determining community needs.

Research limitations/implications
This qualitative study provides insights from a specific geographic and cultural setting. It focused on immigrants using the library and may have excluded vulnerable populations of immigrants who encounter barriers to using the library. Future research and practice should focus on how public libraries can better meet the health information needs of immigrant populations, including navigating controversial social and political topics, as well as emerging health-related information during a pandemic.

Originality/value
Public health practitioners often overlook public libraries as community collaborators. This research identifies that while there is important and essential work happening in public libraries to improve immigrant health, more can be done, especially in collaboration with public health professionals.
Economic value-added (EVA) myths and realities: evidence from the Indian manufacturing sector
Authors: Sura Jasvir S. , Panchal Rajender , Lather Anju 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe main aim of this paper is to examine the claim that economic value added (EVA) advocates its superiority over the traditional accounting-based financial performance measures, i.e. profit after tax (PAT), earnings per share (EPS), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on investment (ROI) in the Indian manufacturing sector and at the same time, give empirical facts. It also tests and examines the information content of various performance measures and their relationship with stock returns.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the sample of 534 Indian manufacturing companies from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) during the period 2000–2018. Multiple regression models are applied to examine the information content of EVA and traditional performance measures in explaining shareholders’ returns.FindingsRelative information content tests revealed that traditional accounting-based measures such as EPS, ROE and ROA performed better than EVA in explaining the returns of Indian manufacturing companies. Incremental information content of EVA adds little contribution to information content above traditional performance measures. The claim of superiority of EVA over accounting-based measures in association with shareholder returns is proved invalid in Indian manufacturing companies.Originality/valueThis study concludes that EVA has no superiority over traditional accounting-based financial performance measures in explaining stock returns of Indian manufacturing companies. To achieve heftiness in outcomes, panel data are tested by using Breusch–Pagan–Godfrey (BPG) test for heteroskedasticity, Hausman’s test for fixed and random effect, variance inflation factor (VIF) test for multicollinearity and Durbin–Watson test for autocorrelation.
LET ME GO: Depression and suicidal fantasies in children1
Authors: Bisagni Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper explores the phenomenology of major depression and suicidal ideation in children, offering a brief overview of relevant findings in psychiatry, with particular reference to statistical evidence, and outlining psychoanalytic models, including Jungian as well as the post‐Kleinian and Bionian vertices. Bowlby's seminal contribution to the understanding of mourning processes in relation to Freud's theory is also considered. The case of an eight‐year‐old boy is examined, with particular attention to a series of drawings that the patient produced over the two years of his psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The therapy was interrupted abruptly by his parents.
A case–control study of the interaction of fetal heart rate abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, meconium in the amniotic fluid and tachysystole, in relation to the outcome of labour
Authors: Steer Philip J. , Yau Christopher W. H. , Blott Maggie , Lattey Katherine , Nwandison Millicent , Uddin Zeenath , Winter Cathy , Draycott Timothy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the incidence of intrapartum risk factors in labours with an adverse outcome, and compare them with the incidence of the same indicators in a series of consecutive labours without adverse outcome.DesignCase–control study.SettingTwenty‐six maternity units in the UK.Population or sampleSixty‐nine labours with an adverse outcome and 198 labours without adverse outcome.MethodsObservational study.Main outcome measuresIncidence of risk factors in hourly assessments for 7 hours before birth in the two groups.ResultsA risk score combining suspected fetal growth restriction, tachysystole, meconium in the amniotic fluid and fetal heart rate abnormalities (baseline rate and variability, presence of decelerations) gave the best indication of likely outcome group.ConclusionsAccurate risk assessment in labour requires fetal heart rate abnormalities to be considered in context with additional intrapartum risk factors.