bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Factors Associated With Post-anesthesia Care Unit Complications at St. Paul’s Hospital, Ethiopia. Observational Study
Authors: Abebe Bisrat , Kifle Natnael , Gunta Muluken , Tantu Temesgen , Wondwosen Mekete , Zewdu Dereje 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Postoperative complications are frequent encounters in the patients admitted to post-anesthesia care units (PACU). The main aim of this study was to assess the incidence and associated factors of complications among surgical patients admitted to PACU.Methods: This is an observational study of 396 surgical patients admitted to PACU. This study was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2021, in Ethiopia. Study participant's demographics, anesthesia, and surgery-related parameters, PACU complications, and length of stay in PACU were documented. Multivariate and bivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of complications among surgical patients admitted to PACU was 54.8%. Of these, respiratory-related complications and postoperative nausea/vomiting were the most common types of PACU complications. Being a female (AOR=2.928;95%CI:(1.899-4.512)) was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing PACU complications. Duration of anesthesia >4 hours (AOR=5.406; 95% CI (2.418_12.088) revealed an increased risk of association with PACU complications. The occurrences of intraoperative complications (AOR=2.238; 95% CI (0.991_5.056) during surgery were also associated with PACU complications. Patients who develop PACU complications were strongly associated with length of PACU stay for > 4 hours (AOR=2.177; 95% CI (0 .741_ 6.401)).Conclusion: The identified risk factors for complications in surgical patients admitted to PACU are female sex, longer duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative complications occurrences. Patients who developed complications had a long time of stay in PACU.
Increased Expression of TSPEAR in Colorectal Cancer Predicts Poor Prognosis
Authors: Li Xintong , Xie Yuandong , Su Shuoyao , Liu Zhe , Zhao Jia , Wen Dezhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is, at present, the most frequently and most lethal gastrointestinal tract cancer, leading to significant mortality and a large global cancer burden. TSPEAR has been reported to associate with the development of human tooth and hair follicle morphogenesis. However, there is no study on TSPEAR in any cancers have been reported. Methods: The information of TSPEAR gene expression in CRC was collected from TCGA database and GTEx. The Rt-qPCR and WB were used to compare the TSPEAR expression level between normal colon cells NCM-460 and human CRC cell lines, included SW-480, SW-620, HCT-116, Ht-29, and LoVo. Then, we performed the survival, gene function/pathway enrichment, and tumor immune infiltration analyses via using R packages and TIMER database.Results: It was demonstrated that TSPEAR gene showed high expression in CRC tissue and cell lines and up-regulated expression correlating with a poor overall prognosis. Besides, the up-regulated TSPEAR was correlated with the M1 stage, CEA level, and residual tumor. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that TSPEAR remained an independent CRC patient-related risk factors, whereas gene function/pathway enrichment analysis indicated that it may can regulate Wnt, Hippo signaling pathway, as well as many cell metabolism activities. For immune infiltration, the expression level of TSPEAR was positively correlated with immune cells and showed a strong correlation with diverse immune marker sets, especially in COAD.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that TSPEAR is possibly a clinically valuable predictive biomarkers for CRC patients, as well as associated with tumor infiltrating immune cells.
Identification of Safe Channels for Screws in the Anterior Pelvic Ring Fixation System
Authors: Liu Lin , Fan Shicai , Zeng Donggui , Song Hui , Zeng Letian , Wen Xiangyuan , Jin Dadi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: There have been few studies on insertion of fixation screws for the anterior pelvic ring system.Objective: To identify safe channels for fixation screws in the anterior pelvic fixation system. Methods: Screw insertion was simulated into a total of 40 pelvic finite element models as well as 16 fresh pelvic specimens and the channel parameters were measured. Results: Finite elements (male, female): screws in ilium: length 114.4 ± 4.1 and 107.6 ± 8.3 mm, respectively; diameter 11.7 ± 0.5 and 10.0 ± 0.6 mm, distance between screw and anterior inferior iliac spine: 5.5 ± 1.0 and 5.6 ± 1.0 mm, angle of coronal plane 55.8 ± 2.4 degrees and 50.6 ± 3.1 degrees, angle of sagittal plane 26.6 ± 1.0 degrees and 24.5 ± 1.9 degrees and angle of horizontal plane 64.9 ± 3.7 and 58.1 ± 3.1. Screws in pubis: length 47.0 ± 2.0 and 39.8 ± 3.9 mm, diameter 7.1 ± 0.4 and 6.1 ± 0.4 mm. Specimens (male, female): distance between screw and anterior inferior iliac spine: 5.5 ± 0.5 and 5.6 ± 0.7 mm, angle of coronal plane 55.9 ± 1.3 degrees and 50.7 ± 1.5 degrees, angle of sagittal plane 26.7 ± 0.5 degrees and 24.1 ± 0.9 degrees and angle of horizontal plane 64.8 ± 0.6 degrees and 58.8 ± 0.8 degrees. Comparison between female and male in each group: differences in distances between screws and anterior inferior iliac spine and median line of symphysis pubis (P > 0.05) were not statistically significant; differences in the remaining parameters were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: If surgeons payed attention to sex differences, select screws of appropriate diameter and length, and hold the insertion position and direction, screws in the anterior pelvic ring fixation system could be safely inserted.
Lung CCR6-CXCR3- Th2 Cells as an Indicator of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Tsukuda Tsukie Kin , Fujimoto Minoru , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Nakatani Yu , Takamatsu Kazufumi , Naka Tetsuji , Yokoyama Akihito 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases have a poor prognosis and may be resistant to corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, but antifibrotic therapies such as nintedanib and pirfenidone have been shown to slow the deterioration of lung function. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristic cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at diagnosis for predicting progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.Methods:Patients with interstitial lung diseases were divided into fibrotic and non-fibrotic phenotypes by chest high-resolution computed tomography. The progressive fibrosing phenotype was determined to be fibrotic diseases with more than a 5% relative decline in the percent predicted value of forced vital capacity over 6 months. The proportions of T cell, B cell, monocyte, and macrophage subsets and the degree of T cell activation in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by flowcytometry.Results:Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (n=27) have a Th2-dominant phenotype, whereas non-fibrotic diseases (n=13) have a Th1/Th17-dominant phenotype in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In patients with fibrotic diseases, the proportion of Th2 cells, but not the serum KL-6 level or the proportion of lymphocytes, was significantly higher in patients with progressive fibrosing phenotype than in those with non-progressive phenotype, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.79. Thus, a greater population of Th2 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was diagnostic for progressive fibrosing phenotype.Conclusions:An increased proportion of Th2 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with greater deterioration of lung function in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.Trial registration:This study was was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Registry ID UMIN000041871) on October 1, 2020.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Value Between Triglyceride-glucose Index and Triglyceride to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Liu Zhi , He He , Dai Yuzhao , Yang Lidan , Liao Shenling , An Zhenmei , Li Shuangqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) are substitute markers of insulin resistance (IR). In a retrospective cross-sectional study, the authors aimed to compare the efficacy of the two indicators in diagnosing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to construct a novel disease diagnosis model. Methods: Overall, 229 patients (97 MAFLD and 132 Non-MAFLD at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included. MAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasonography. Biochemical indexes were collected and analyzed by logistic regression to screen out indicators that were expressed differently in MAFLD patients and healthy controls, which were incorporated into a diagnostic model. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), AST/ALT (A/A), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), cystatin C, uric acid, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), non-HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TyG, and TyG-BMI were risk factors for MAFLD. The odds ratio of TG/HDL-C and TyG were 5.387 (95%CI: 2.986-9,718) and 107.945 (95%CI: 25.824-451.222), respectively. In identifying MAFLD, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and TG were found to be the most vital indexes based on the random forest method, with the area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.9. In addition, the combination of gender, BMI, ALT, TG, HDL-C, TyG, and TyG-BMI had a high diagnostic efficiency for MAFLD. Conclusions: TyG and TG/HDL-C were potential risk factors for MAFLD, and the former performed better in diagnosing MAFLD. The combination of gender, BMI, ALT, TG, HDL-C, TyG, and TyG-BMI improved the diagnostic capability for MAFLD.
Inhibition of TGFb-induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition by Conditioned Medium from Human Rhinovirus-infected Airway Epithelial Cells is Mediated by Prostaglandin E2
Authors: Pham Diana , Kooi Cora , Proud David , Leigh Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Airway remodeling, including increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a hallmark of asthma. Myofibroblasts, derived via fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT), play an important role in this increased deposition of matrix proteins. Expression of transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1) is increased in asthmatic airways and is known to induce FMT, as assessed by increased expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA). Because human rhinovirus (HRV) infections of airway epithelial cells have been linked to the generation of mediators involved in airway remodeling, we tested the hypothesis that conditioned medium from HRV-infected human airway epithelial cells from healthy normal subjects would enhance FMT, either alone or in combination with TGFb1. Methods: FMT was assessed by measuring a-SMA expression in human airway fibroblasts, both by western blotting and by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Holm-Sidak or Bonferonni post hoc tests. Results: Our data showed that conditioned medium from HRV infected epithelial cells significantly inhibited TGFb1-induced expression of a-SMA in fibroblasts when compared to conditioned medium from uninfected epithelial cells. Treatment of epithelial cells with the nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, diclofenac, during HRV infection significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of conditioned medium on TGFb1-induced expression of a-SMA. This led us to hypothesize that HRV-infected epithelial cells release PGE2 that acts on EP receptors to suppress TGFb1-induced expression of a-SMA in fibroblasts. We confirmed that HRV-infection of airway epithelial cells upregulated PGE2 release, and that exposure of fibroblasts to PGE2 significantly inhibited TGFb1-induced expression of a-SMA in fibroblasts. Finally, studies using selective agonists and antagonists demonstrated that PGE2 inhibited TGFb1-induced expression of a-SMA in fibroblasts via effects at the EP2 receptor. Conclusions: Thus, using cells derived from healthy normal subjects we demonstrate that HRV infection of airway epithelial cells induces release of PGE2that acts on EP2 receptors on fibroblasts to suppress TGFb1-induced FMT. Additional studies are needed to determine if a different pattern of response is seen using cells from asthmatic subjects to determine if the inhibitory role of PGE2 on FMT in normal cells helps prevent airway remodeling in normal subjects.
Health Care Distribution of Patients With Genitourinary Birth Defects in Colombia: a Spatial Analysis of Registered Cases
Authors: Santander Jessica , Pérez-Sosa Marcela , Gutiérrez Andrés , Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Genitourinary birth defects are reported to be present in approximately 10-30% of all newborns. Timely treatments may reduce complications that contribute to increased infant morbimortality. Understanding the distribution of health access is essential for the design of health interventions and resources distribution. We aim to evaluate geographical distribution in the healthcare access to subspecialized medical care of patients with genitourinary birth defects in Colombia.Methods: We reviewed data collected between January 2015 to December 2019 in the Individual Health Records System (RIPS). All registered patients diagnosed with renal malformations, male genital malformations, and exstrophy-epispadias complex as well all registered live births were included. Cluster detection was performed using a Poisson model with SaTScan v9.6. To visualize the results, these were projected in a Google Earth map.Results: Between January 2015 and December 2019 a total of 26.726 patients with renal malformations, 19.149 patients with genital malformations, and 494 patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex in the outpatient clinic were assessed in Colombian territory. A space-time analysis identified one cluster with high provided health care concentration seen in the center of the country for renal and genital malformations. Meanwhile northern regions close to the coast were identified as clusters with low rates of provided care regions. For cases with exstrophy-epispadias complex, regions in the north had lower registered assessments compared to the center of the country. Conclusion: Patients with genitourinary malformations have inequitable access to specialized health care which can delay surgical management and impact long-term outcomes that increase disability.
Surgical Management of Sacral Schwannomas: A 21-Year Mayo Clinic Experience and Comparative Literature Analysis
Authors: Mualem William , Ghaith Abdul-Karim , Rush Deja , Jarrah Ryan , Alexander Yohan , Zamanian Cameron , Atkinson John L. D. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Krauss William E. , Spinner Robert J. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Sacral and presacral schwannomas are rare and account for a minority of spinal schwannomas. We aim to present our institution’s experience surgically treating sacral schwannomas over twenty-one years. Additionally, we assess the literature for surgical cases of sacral schwannomas to compare tumor characteristics and outcomes following resection.Methods: Data on demographics, presenting symptoms, lesion characteristics, surgical management, and outcomes were collected for 27 patients treated surgically for sacral or presacral schwannoma between 1997 and 2018 at all Mayo Clinic locations and compared to those of patients found in the literature. Results: We identified 31 studies in the literature containing 93 patients with sacral schwannoma treated surgically. Our patients and those in the literature experienced similar symptoms, with the most common symptom being pain and the least common being sexual dysfunction, and age at diagnosis. Most of our patients (59.3%) reported full recovery from preoperative symptoms, while a minority reported a partial recovery (33.3%) and no recovery (11.1%). A smaller percentage of patients found in the literature experienced full recovery (31.9%) and partial recovery (29.8%) but also no recovery (1.1%). Our patients experienced fewer complications (14.8% versus 25.5%).Conclusion: Outcomes of patients with sacral or presacral schwannomas vary based on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, symptoms, and surgical treatment. Among the range of symptoms experienced by these patients, the most common is pain. Prognosis improves and overall survival rate is high when the surgical approach towards sacral schwannomas is prepared and executed appropriately.
Clinical Characteristics of Choledochal Cysts With Intrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation
Authors: Zhang Shuhao , Cai Duote , Zhang Yuebin , Chen Ken , Jin Yi , Luo Wenjuan , Huang Zongwei , Hu Di , Gao Zhigang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Whether the dilated intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) has any effect on prognosis of choledochal cyst (CC) remains controversy. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CC patients with IHBD dilatation.Methods: A total of 192 children diagnosed with CC were identified, including 127 without IHBD dilatation (group A) and 65 with IHBD dilatation (group B). A retrospective analysis was performed based on clinical indices, symptoms, and complications of CC patients.Results: Compared with group A, incidences of jaundice and fever were higher in group B (p=0.01 and 0.033, respectively). Preoperative total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and indirect bilirubin (IDB) were also increased in group B than in group A (p=0.0052, 0.0005, and 0.0136, respectively), as were preoperative ALT, AST, GGT, and total bile acid (TBA) (p=0.0057, 0.0250, 0.0002, and 0.0242, respectively). The risk of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis and postoperative pancreatitis was significantly increased for group B compared with group A (p=0.012 and 0.003, respectively) and also occurred earlier in group B (p<0.001), among them, dilated IHBDs recovered to normal in 89.23% (7/65) of patients.Conclusion: CC with IHBD dilatation was associated with increased preoperative bilirubin levels, abnormal liver function, and higher incidence of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Proactive treatment is recommended for patients with IHBD dilatation.
Characterization of a novel strain of Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia infecting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis
Authors: Akhtar Jameel , Tripathi Kuldeep , Akram Mohammad , Kamaal Naimuddin , Rathore Utkarsh Singh , Kumar Ashok , Chalam Vasimalla Celia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An attempt was made to characterize the Phytoplasma in suspected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) samples showing symptoms consisting of bud proliferation and stunting at Experimental Farm, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi during Kharif 2020. Associated phytoplasma was characterized based on sequence analysis of target 16S rDNA fragments of 1247 bp amplified from symptomatic samples of cowpea by nested-polymerase chain reaction assay using universal phytoplasma specific primers pairs (P1/P7 and R16F2n/ R16R2). The 16S rDNA sequences understudy shared 98.6% similarity with that of the Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia (GenBank accession: U15442). In phylogenetic analysis, the target 16S rDNA fragment from two samples (Cow-1 and Cow-2) clustered with strains of the 16SrII group of Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia. The virtual RFLP pattern showed the highest similarity with the reference pattern of the 16SrII-D subgroup (GenBank accession: Y10097) with a coefficient of 0.97. Since obtained coefficient value is equal to the threshold (0.97) for designating a different strain. Therefore, this phytoplasma infecting cowpea is proposed to be a new strain of Ca. P. aurantifolia as 16SrII-Ysubgroup.
Comparative Study of Classification Algorithms for Quality Assessment of Resistance Spot Welding Joints From Pre- and Post-Welding Inputs
Authors: Martín Óscar , Ahedo Virginia , Santos José Ignacio , Galán José Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a widespread manufacturing process in the automotiveindustry. There are different approaches for assessing the quality level of RSW joints. Multiinput‐single‐output methods, which take as inputs either the intrinsic parameters of the weldingprocess or ultrasonic nondestructive testing variables, are commonly used. This workdemonstrates that the combined use of both types of inputs can significantly improve thealready competitive approach based exclusively on ultrasonic analyses. The use of stacking oftree ensemble models as classifiers dominates the classification results in terms of accuracy, Fmeasureand area under the receiver operating characteristic curve metrics. Through variableimportance analyses, the results show that although the welding process parameters are lessrelevant than the ultrasonic testing variables, some of the former provide marginal informationnot fully captured by the latter.
A Functional Interaction Between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and the Human α7 Nicotinic Receptor
Authors: Chrestia Juan Facundo , Oliveira Ana Sofia , Mulholland Adrian J , Gallagher Timothy , Bermúdez Isabel , Bouzat Cecilia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection relies on the binding of the viral spike protein (S) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in host cells. Regions of the S protein have been suggested to interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and a potential contribution of nAChRs to COVID-19 pathophysiology has been proposed. α7 nAChR is an interesting candidate target since it is present in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, and has anti-inflammatory actions. We here identified a novel direct functional interaction between the α7 nAChR and a region of the S protein (Y674-R685). The S fragment exerts a dual effect, acting as a low-efficacy agonist and a non-competitive inhibitor. It activates the α7 nAChR, in line with our previous molecular dynamics simulations showing favorable binding of this accessible region of the S protein to the nAChR agonist binding pocket. However, activation requires the presence of positive allosteric modulators that enhance channel opening probability, indicating very low activation efficacy. The S fragment exerts an additional inhibition, which may be the predominant effect on α7 responses. This study reveals a functional interaction between α7 and the Y674-R685 fragment of the S protein, which opens doors for exploring the involvement of nAChRs in COVID-19 pathophysiology.