bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving antenatal detection of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus: economic evaluation of Growth Assessment Protocol
Authors: Relph S. , Vieira M. C. , Copas A. , Coxon K. , Alagna A. , Briley A. , Johnson M. , Page L. , Peebles D. , Shennan A. , Thilaganathan B. , Marlow N. , Lees C. , Lawlor D. A. , Khalil A. , Sandall J. , Pasupathy D. , Healey A. ,   on behalf of the DESiGN Trial Team
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP), as implemented in theDESiGNtrial, is cost‐effective in terms of antenatal detection of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, when compared with standard care.MethodsThis was an incremental cost‐effectiveness analysis undertaken from the perspective of aUKNational Health Service hospital provider. Thirteen maternity units from England,UK, were recruited to theDESiGN(DEtectionof Small forGestatioNalage fetus) trial, a cluster randomized controlled trial. Singleton, non‐anomalous pregnancies which delivered after 24 + 0 gestational weeks between November 2015 and February 2019 were analyzed. Probabilistic decision modeling using clinical trial data was undertaken. The main outcomes of the study were the expected incremental cost, the additional number ofSGAneonates identified antenatally and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) (cost per additionalSGAneonate identified) of implementingGAP. Secondary analysis focused on theICERper infant quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained.ResultsThe expected incremental cost (including hospital care and implementation costs) ofGAPover standard care was £34 559 per 1000 births, with a 68% probability that implementation ofGAPwould be associated with increased costs to sustain program delivery.GAPidentified an additional 1.77SGAneonates per 1000 births (55% probability of it being more clinically effective). TheICERforGAPwas £19 525 per additionalSGAneonate identified, with a 44% probability thatGAPwould both increase cost and identify moreSGAneonates compared with standard care. The probability ofGAPbeing the dominant clinical strategy was low (11%). The expected incremental cost per infantQALYgained ranged from £68 242 to £545 940, depending on assumptions regarding theQALYvalue of detection ofSGA.ConclusionThe economic case for replacing standard care withGAPis weak based on the analysis reported in our study. However, this conclusion should be viewed taking into account that cost‐effectiveness analyses are always limited by the assumptions made. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Differential Translation Activity Analysis Using Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT) in Archaea
Authors: Kern Michael , Ferreira-Cerca Sébastien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of protein production and degradation in a quantitative and time-dependent manner is a major challenge to better understand cellular physiological response. Among available technologies bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is an efficient approach allowing for time-dependent labeling of proteins through the incorporation of chemically reactive noncanonical amino acids like l-azidohomoalanine (L-AHA). The azide-containing amino-acid derivative enables a highly efficient and specific reaction termed click chemistry, whereby the azide group of the L-AHA reacts with a reactive alkyne derivate, like dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) derivatives, using strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). Moreover, available DBCO containing reagents are versatile and can be coupled to fluorophore (e.g., Cy7) or affinity tag (e.g., biotin) derivatives, for easy visualization and affinity purification, respectively.Here, we describe a step-by-step BONCAT protocol optimized for the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii, but which is also suitable to harness other biological systems. Finally, we also describe examples of downstream visualization, affinity purification of L-AHA-labeled proteins and differential expression analysis.In conclusion, the following BONCAT protocol expands the available toolkit to explore proteostasis using time-resolved semiquantitative proteomic analysis in archaea.
Specialization of RNA Polymerase I in Comparison to Other Nuclear RNA Polymerases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Merkl Philipp E. , Schächner Christopher , Pilsl Michael , Schwank Katrin , Schmid Catharina , Längst Gernot , Milkereit Philipp , Griesenbeck Joachim , Tschochner Herbert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn archaea and bacteria the major classes of RNAs are synthesized by one DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP). In contrast, most eukaryotes have three highly specialized RNAPs to transcribe the nuclear genome. RNAP I synthesizes almost exclusively ribosomal (r)RNA, RNAP II synthesizes mRNA as well as many noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing or RNA silencing pathways and RNAP III synthesizes mainly tRNA and 5S rRNA. This review discusses functional differences of the three nuclear core RNAPs in the yeast S. cerevisiae with a particular focus on RNAP I transcription of nucleolar ribosomal (r)DNA chromatin.
Chemical Modifications of Ribosomal RNA
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Entian Karl-Dieter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCellular RNAs in all three kingdoms of life are modified with diverse chemical modifications. These chemical modifications expand the topological repertoire of RNAs, and fine-tune their functions. Ribosomal RNA in yeast contains more than 100 chemically modified residues in the functionally crucial and evolutionary conserved regions. The chemical modifications in the rRNA are of three types—methylation of the ribose sugars at the C2-positionAbstract (Nm), isomerization of uridines to pseudouridines (Ψ), and base modifications such as (methylation (mN), acetylation (acN), and aminocarboxypropylation (acpN)). The modifications profile of the yeast rRNA has been recently completed, providing an excellent platform to analyze the function of these modifications in RNA metabolism and in cellular physiology. Remarkably, majority of the rRNA modifications and the enzymatic machineries discovered in yeast are highly conserved in eukaryotes including humans. Mutations in factors involved in rRNA modification are linked to several rare severe human diseases (e.g., X-linked Dyskeratosis congenita, the Bowen–Conradi syndrome and the William–Beuren disease). In this chapter, we summarize all rRNA modifications and the corresponding enzymatic machineries of the budding yeast.
Race, Eugenics, and the Holocaust
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter will focus on how the Holocaust shaped the concepts of race and eugenics in bioethics. I will begin with a brief account of how these terms were used before the Second World War, and then discuss how the Nazi eugenics programs and the Holocaust altered how scholars think about race and eugenics. In particular, I will discuss the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and 1950 Statement on Race, which signaled a change in how race and eugenics would be used in the second half of the twentieth century. Finally, I will consider how liberal eugenics in contemporary bioethics differs from older forms of eugenics, and how newer views about human populations (as genetic clusters) differ from older views of race. In doing so, I will explore how the Holocaust shaped modern taboos related to human genetics research.
Inclusive rates from smeared spectral densities in the two-dimensional O(3) non-linear σ-model
Authors: Bulava John , Hansen Maxwell T. , Hansen Michael W. , Patella Agostino , Tantalo Nazario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work employs the spectral reconstruction approach of ref. [1] to determine an inclusive rate in the 1 + 1 dimensional O(3) non-linear σ-model, analogous to the QCD part of e+e− → hadrons. The Euclidean two-point correlation function of the conserved current j is computed using Monte Carlo lattice field theory simulations for a variety of spacetime volumes and lattice spacings. The spectral density of this correlator is related to the inclusive rate for j → X in which all final states produced by the external current are summed. The ill-posed inverse problem of determining the spectral density from the correlation function is made tractable through the determination of smeared spectral densities in which the desired density is convolved with a set of known smearing kernels of finite width ϵ. The smooth energy dependence of the underlying spectral density enables a controlled ϵ → 0 extrapolation in the inelastic region, yielding the real-time inclusive rate without reference to individual finite-volume energies or matrix elements. Systematic uncertainties due to cutoff effects and residual finite-volume effects are estimated and taken into account in the final error budget. After taking the continuum limit, the results are consistent with the known analytic rate to within the combined statistical and systematic errors. Above energies where 20-particle states contribute, the overall precision is sufficient to discern the four-particle contribution to the spectral density.
Mental health of young informal carers: a systematic review
Authors: Fleitas Alfonzo Ludmila , Singh Ankur , Disney George , Ervin Jennifer , King Tania 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This systematic review aims to assess and evaluate quantitative evidence on the association between informal caregiving and mental health in young people.

Methods
This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021251666). We conducted our search in the following four databases: Medline (PubMed and OVID), EMBASE, PsycInfo and Web of Science. The last search was performed on the 17th of March of 2021. Quantitative studies that focused on carers aged 25 years or less and compared the mental health status of carers and non-carers were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility and performed the quality assessment using the Risk of Bias tool in Non-Randomised Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E).

Results
We identified a total of ten eligible articles. Mental health outcomes included depression, anxiety and other mental or emotional problems. Nine out of the ten studies showed that being a young carer was consistently associated with poor mental health. However, the overall quality of evidence was low, and longitudinal data were limited to three articles. The primary sources of bias were confounding and outcome measurement.

Conclusion
Young carers experience poorer mental health outcomes than their non-caring peers. However, we identified an overall lack of quantitative evidence of high methodological rigour. To establish if young caring leads to poor mental health, future research should focus on addressing the identified methodological limitations and understanding the mechanisms explaining these associations. Addressing these gaps can better inform the allocation of appropriate support and resources to optimise the mental health of young carers.
Gerinnungshemmung in Schwangerschaft und Wochenbett
Authors: Studt Jan-Dirk , Trinchero Alice 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungSchwangerschaft und Wochenbett gehen mit einem erhöhten Risiko venöser Thromboembolien (VTE) einher. Dieses Risiko besteht ab dem ersten Trimenon und ist in der frühen Wochenbettzeit am höchsten. In die Bewertung des mütterlichen VTE-Risikos und die Indikationsstellung zur VTE-Prophylaxe gehen anamnestische und klinische Informationen sowie der Beitrag hereditärer und erworbener Thrombophilien ein. Ist eine VTE-Prophylaxe während der Schwangerschaft indiziert, so wird diese frühzeitig im ersten Trimenon begonnen und bis 6 Wochen postpartal fortgesetzt. Die Therapie akuter VTE während der Schwangerschaft sollte mindestens 3 Monate lang und bis 6 Wochen postpartal andauern. Standardpräparat zur Prophylaxe und Therapie schwangerschaftsassoziierter VTE ist niedermolekulares Heparin (NMH).
Periprothetischer Infekt nach Hüftprothesenimplantation
Authors: Dietz J. , Zeidler Anne , Wienke Andreas , Zeh Alexander , Delank Karl-Stefan , Wohlrab David 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die periprothetische Infektion zählt zu den schwerwiegendsten Komplikationen in der Primärendoprothetik. Die in der aktuellen Literatur angegebenen Infektionsraten reichen von 0,36 bis 2,23 %.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser retrospektiven Fall-Kontroll-Studie war die Ermittlung von präoperativen Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten eines periprothetischen Frühinfektes nach primärer Hüftprothesenimplantation.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden die Einflüsse von Patientenalter, Geschlecht, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), C‑reaktivem Protein, präoperativen Leukozytenwerten und Morbiditätsgrad (American Society of Anaesthesiologists Score) auf das Auftreten einer periprothetischen Frühinfektion am Hüftgelenk geprüft sowie deren Zusammenhang untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von den 1383 nachuntersuchten Patienten wurde bei 25 Patienten ein Frühinfekt diagnostiziert. Mit Steigerung des BMI um 1 kg/m2 steigt das Risiko eines periprothetischen Frühinfektes um 12,1 % (p < 0,001). Zudem wird mittels „receiver operating characteristic“(ROC)-Kurve ein BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2 als signifikanter Cut-off für die erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit einer periprothetischen Hüftgelenkinfektion ermittelt.
Mittels ROC-Kurve kann ein präoperativer CrP-Wert > 5 mg/l als Cut-off-Wert für ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Frühinfektion validiert werden. Mittels binär logistischer Regression wurde statistisch kein Einfluss des CrP > 5 mg/l auf die Entstehung eines Frühinfektes nachgewiesen (p = 0,065).

Diskussion
Patienten mit einem BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2 sollten auf das erhöhte Risiko einer periprothetischen Frühinfektion nach Hüftprothesenimplantation hingewiesen und es sollte eine Risikoabschätzung durchgeführt werden. Weiterhin sollte die Bestimmung des präoperativen CrP-Wertes als Standard gelten.
A phase I/II study of 10-min dosing of bendamustine hydrochloride (rapid infusion formulation) in patients with previously untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japan
Authors: Ishizawa Kenichi , Yokoyama Masahiro , Kato Harumi , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Makita Masanori , Ando Kiyoshi , Ueda Yasunori , Tachikawa Yoshimichi , Suehiro Youko , Kurosawa Mitsutoshi , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Nagai Hirokazu , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Ishikawa Takayuki , Hidaka Michihiro , Ito Yoshikiyo , Utsunomiya Atae , Fukushima Koji , Ogura Michinori 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This phase I/II clinical study was conducted to examine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of 10-min dosing of bendamustine in patients with previously untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (Group 1) and patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) (Group 2).

Methods
Rituximab 375 mg/m2 was administered intravenously every 28 days to Group 1 patients on day 1 and every 21 days to Group 2 patients on day 1. Bendamustine 90 mg/m2/day was administered to the former on days 1 and 2; bendamustine 120 mg/m2/day was administered to the latter on days 2 and 3. Each regimen was delivered up to six cycles for both groups. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability in Groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Results
Among 37 enrolled patients, safety was assessed in 36. In Group 1 (n = 30), 27 patients (90%) had follicular lymphoma. Adverse events (AEs) were observed in all 30 patients in Group 1. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in two of six patients in Group 2. Common AEs included lymphocyte count decreased (86.7%, 100%). In Group 1, overall response and complete response rates were 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77.2–99.2%) and 75.9% (95% CI 56.5–89.7%), respectively. The Cmax and AUC of bendamustine tended to be higher in Group 2 than in Group 1.

Conclusions
This study showed that bendamustine is safe, well-tolerated and effective for patients with previously untreated iNHL, MCL or rrDLBCL. Pharmacokinetic data were equivalent to those obtained outside of Japan.

Registration numbers
Registration NCT03900377; registered April 3, 2019.
Modelling success after perinatal post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a single-centre study
Authors: Kayhanian Saeed , Funnell Jonathan Perry , Zühlsdorff Katharina , Jalloh Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus is common amongst premature infants and one of the leading indications for paediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Permanent CSF diversion is often delayed until the infant is older but there is no clear consensus on the timing for this. The outcomes for permanent shunting in this patient group are poor, with higher rates of failure and infection compared to other aetiologies of hydrocephalus.

Methods
We conduct a single-centre retrospective review of infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring a permanent shunt insertion over a 5-year period. Demographic and clinical data from time of shunt insertion were collected and used to generate generalised linear models (GLMs) to predict shunt success at 12 months after insertion.

Results
Twenty-six infants underwent permanent shunting in this period for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, with 10 suffering shunt failure within the first 12 months. The best-performing GLM was able to predict shunt success with a sensitivity of 1 and specificity of 0.90, with head circumference, weight, and corrected age at the time of shunt insertion being the most significantly associated variables for shunt success in this model.

Conclusion
Our proof-of-principle study suggests that highly accurate prediction of shunt success for infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus is possible using routinely available clinical variables. Further work is required to test this model in larger cohorts and validate whether pre-operative use can improve outcomes for this patient group.
Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampal sclerosis: the major contributor for post-stroke epilepsy?
Authors: Stancu Patrick , De Stefano Pia , Vargas Maria , Menetre Eric , Carrera Emmanuel , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Seeck Margitta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a prominent biomarker of epilepsy. If acquired later in life, it usually occurs in the context of degenerative or acute inflammatory-infectious disease. Conversely, acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are considered a risk factor for developing post-stroke epilepsy, but other factors remain unrecognized. Here, we hypothesize that silent hippocampal injury contributes to the development of post-stroke epilepsy.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of patients hospitalized between 1/2007 and 12/2018 with an acute stroke in the Stroke Center of the Geneva University Hospital. Patients were included if they had a documented normal hippocampal complex at onset and a control MRI at ≥ 2 year interval without new lesion in the meantime.

Results
162 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. ASS during the first week (p < 0.0001) and epileptiform abnormalities in electroencephalography (EEG; p = 0.02) were more frequently associated with the development of epilepsy. Hemorrhagic stroke was strongly associated to both ASS and future focal epilepsy (p = 0.00097). Three patients (1.8%) developed hippocampal sclerosis ipsilateral to the cerebrovascular event between 2 and 5 years, all with ASS and hemorrhagic stroke.

Interpretation
ASS and epileptiform EEG abnormalities are strong predictors of post-stroke epilepsy. HS develops in a minority of patients after hemorrhagic lesions, leading to focal epilepsy. Prospective studies are required, including follow-up with EEG and if characterized by epileptiform discharges, with MRI, to determine the true frequency of HS and to better understand predictors of post-stroke epilepsy (AAS, stroke type, and HS), and their impact on stroke recovery.
Exploring the long-term colonisation and persistence of probiotic-prophylaxis species on the gut microbiome of preterm infants: a pilot study
Authors: Westaway Jacob A. F. , Huerlimann Roger , Kandasamy Yoga , Miller Catherine M. , Norton Robert , Watson David , Infante-Vilamil Sandra , Rudd Donna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPreterm infants suffer from a higher incidence of acute diseases such as necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. This risk can be mitigated through probiotic prophylaxis during admission. This reduction in risk is likely the result of acute modulation of the gut microbiome induced by probiotic species, which has been observed to occur up until discharge. We aimed to determine if this modulation, and the associated probiotic species, persisted beyond discharge. We conducted both a cross-sectional analysis (n = 18), at ~ 18 months of age, and a longitudinal analysis (n = 6), from admission to 18 months of the gut microbiome of preterm infants using both shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA profiling respectively. The 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that the microbial composition of the probiotic-supplemented infants changed dramatically over time, stabilising at discharge. However, species from the probiotic Infloran®, as well as positive modulatory effects previously associated with supplementation, do not appear to persist beyond discharge and once prophylaxis has stopped. Conclusions: Although differences exist between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, the implications of these differences remain unclear. Additionally, despite a lack of long-term colonisation, the presence of probiotics during early neonatal life may still have modulatory effects on the microbiome assembly and immune system training.What is Known:• Evidence suggests modulation of the microbiome occurs during probiotic prophylaxis, which may support key taxa that exert positive immunological benefits.• Some evidence suggests that this modulation can persist post-prophylaxis.What is New:• We present support for long-term modulation in association with probiotic prophylaxis in a cohort of infants from North Queensland Australia.• We also observed limited persistence of the probiotic species post-discharge.
Der technische Beckenpass – eine hydraulische und biotische Gegenüberstellung mit konventionellen beckenartigen Fischaufstiegshilfen
Authors: Seidl Georg , Haslwanter Markus , Schneider Josef 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungBeckenartige Fischaufstiegshilfen lassen sich auf Basis ihrer Charakteristik grundsätzlich in Schlitzpässe mit einheitlicher Sohlneigung und Beckenpässe, welche durch Anrampung im Übergang errichtet werden, unterteilen. Dabei gelten der Vertical-Slot-Schlitzpass und der naturnahe Beckenpass als beprobte Bautypen. Im Zuge der Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie wurden zahlreiche Beckenpässe, entgegen der naturnahen Variante, welche sich durch die Gestaltung der Übergänge mit Wasserbausteinen auszeichnet, mit technischen, betonierten Übergängen errichtet. Da technische Beckenpässe baulich-wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber der naturnahen Variante bieten sowie mit einer exakten Bemessungs- bzw. Errichtungsmöglichkeit gegenüber dem naturnahen Beckenpass punkten und daher vermehrt zur Ausführung kommen, widmet sich der vorliegende Beitrag der hydraulischen und biotischen Analyse dieser Variante.