bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on mechanical performance of the lightweight composite slabs Research Progress on the Lightweight High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Gao Yibo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The high-entropy alloy, a new multi-principal element alloy, contains light elements to obtain the lightweight high-entropy alloy (HEA) with the outstanding property of low densities. Its high strength and hardness, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance allow it to be broadly applied in aerospace, transportation, etc, which has attracted wide attention and research. Its research status is described and its component design methods are classified in this paper. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes its microscopic phase structure and properties of different kinds, including hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Finally, its application prospect and the shortcomings of current research are also summed up.
Research and development of Sialon-Si3N4 gradient nanocomposite ceramic tool and discussion on cutting performance
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nickel-based alloys have excellent mechanical properties and are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries. However, high-speed cutting of nickel-based alloys has the characteristics of high cutting force, high temperature, and low tool life. Tools with excellent performance are important for the high-quality machining of inner-base alloys in colleges and universities. Many scholars have begun to discuss the use of gradient functional materials and nanocomposite research methods to effectively integrate gradient functional thermal stress relaxation and surface compressive stress characteristics with nano-compliance toughening mechanisms to form Sialon-Si3N4 gradient nanocomposite ceramic tools. Based on this, this paper introduces the high-speed machining technology and its characteristics, establishes the corresponding model, and analyzes its cutting performance through experiments to clarify the application value of the Sialon-Si3N4 gradient nanocomposite ceramic tool.
Macrophage response mediated by extracellular matrix: recent progress
Authors: Xiao Wenlan , Yang Yang , Chu Chenyu , Rung Sheng-An , Wang Zhanqi , Man Yi , Lin Jie , Qu Yili 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biomaterials are one of efficient treatment options for tissue defects in regenerative medicine. Compared to synthetic materials which tend to induce chronic inflammatory response and fibrous capsule, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold materials composed of biopolymers are thought to be capable of inducing a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment and facilitate wound healing. Immune cells are the first line of response to implanted biomaterials. In particular, macrophages greatly affect cell behavior and the ultimate treatment outcome based on multiple cell phenotypes with various functions. The macrophage polarization status is considered as a general reflection of the characteristics of the immune microenvironment. Since numerous reports has emphasized the limitation of classical M1/M2 nomenclature, high-resolution techniques such as single-cell sequencing has been applied to recognize distinct macrophage phenotypes involved in host responses to biomaterials. After reviewing latest literatures that explored the immune microenvironment mediated by ECM scaffolds, this paper describe the behaviors of highly heterogeneous and plastic macrophages subpopulations which affect the tissue regeneration. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds interact with macrophages are also discussed from the perspectives of the ECM ultrastructure along with the nucleic acid, protein, and proteoglycan compositions, in order to provide targets for potential therapeutic modulation in regenerative medicine.
Enhanced nighttime heatwaves over African urban clusters
Authors: Igun Eghosa , Xu Xiyan , Shi Zitong , Jia Gensuo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the threat that nighttime heatwave poses to public health and the environment in the developing world, it remains relatively understudied in Africa, especially in its rapidly expanding urban areas with large populations. Using meteorological observations, climate reanalysis, remote sensing datasets, and integrated methodology, we found that during 1981–2020, nighttime heatwaves dramatically increased with early onset dates over Africa. Large scale circulation induced dry conditions over land which explains the major heatwaves across all climate zones. Meanwhile, the increasing trend of nighttime heatwaves in urban areas than rural areas in both tropical and temperate climates is largely due to urbanization, which amplifies heatwaves with urban heat island (UHI) effects. The strongest contribution of urbanization to nighttime heatwaves was observed in temperate climate, leading to a 46% increase in the heatwave duration. In arid climate, urban expansion has a negative impact on nighttime heatwaves, due to the cool island effect of urban greens and weak urbanization. The major contribution of urbanization to the urban-rural contrast of nighttime heatwave trends in temperate climate can be attributed to stronger UHI intensity resulting from lower windspeed and less evapotranspiration. Without appropriate adaptation efforts to reduce heatwave exposure, the risks posed in Africa’s urban areas will continue to increase under future warming.
Strong winds drive grassland fires in China
Authors: Wang Zhou , Huang Ru , Yao Qichao , Zong Xuezheng , Tian Xiaorui , Zheng Ben , Trouet Valerie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accounting for 41.7% of China’s total land area, grasslands are linked to the livelihoods of over 20 million people. Although grassland fires cause severe damage in China every year, their spatiotemporal patterns and climate drivers are not well understood. In this study, we used grassland fire record forms provided by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration and grassland fire location data from the Wildfire Atlas of China to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and and seasonality of fires in China for the period from 2008 to 2020. We found that most grassland fires occurred in Inner Mongolia in northern China, specifically in the Hulun Buir and Xilingol grasslands. We found distinct differences in fire seasonality in northern China, which has a major fire season in April, versus southwestern China, where the major fire season occurs in February, March and April. April grassland fires in northern China are the result of strong winds, typically from the west, and spring drought. A secondary fire season in northern China occurs in October and is also driven by strong winds. The fire season in southwestern China seems to be less shaped by climatic factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and drought. This study provides support for decision-making by fire prevention and fire management authorities in China.
Statistical topology of the streamlines of a two-dimensional flow
Authors: Kamb Mason , Byrum Janie , Huber Greg , Le Treut Guillaume , Mehta Shalin , Veytsman Boris , Yllanes David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent experiments on mucociliary clearance, an important defense against airborne pathogens, have raised questions about the topology of two-dimensional (2D) flows, such as the proportion of topologically closed and open streamlines. We introduce a framework for studying ensembles of 2D time-invariant flow fields and estimating the probability for a particle to leave a finite area (to clear out). We establish two upper bounds on this probability by leveraging different insights about the distribution of flow velocities on the closed and open streamlines. We also deduce an exact power-series expression for the trapped area based on the asymptotic dynamics of flow-field trajectories and complement our analytical results with numerical simulations.
Systematic review of critical success factors for developing an Afro-centric neighbourhood sustainability assessment framework
Authors: Michell K , Moghayedi A , Tzortzopoulos P , Okundaye B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cities across South Africa are predominantly characterised by multiple forms of poverty, growing inequality, environmental degradation, slums and informal settlements, social and economic exclusion, and spatial segregation. These challenges present significant hurdles in planning for and coping with rapid population growth, urbanisation and protecting communities against natural and human-made disasters. This project aims to address the lack of local neighbourhood sustainability assessment (NSA) frameworks to improve the inclusivity, sustainability and connectivity of communities in South Africa. The existing NSA tools promote a specific type of urban development that effectively excludes marginalised communities and is not entirely suited to South African communities’ economic, socio-cultural, and environmental context. To achieve this, seven major assessment tools across the global North and South are selected and scrutinised using content analysis to identify and catalogue the critical success factors (CSFs) for enabling inclusive, smart, sustainable communities in South Africa using existing knowledge on neighbourhood assessment tools and relevant literature. The result is a proposed structure of four categories and 86 CSFs for the Afro-centric NSA framework that can address the challenges encountered in South African marginalised communities.
Study of Building Vulnerabilities to Forest Fires in Portugal
Authors: Vieira Flávia Nascimento , Almeida Miguel , Rodrigues João Paulo C , Lopes Rúben F R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nowadays with disorderly urban growth into forested areas and climate changes becoming more pronounced, the number of buildings affected by forest fires is increasing. Forest fires are becoming more destructive and socially threatening. However, it is irrefutable that the probability of a forest fire to reach a structure is dramatically reduced by implementing good construction practices and proper fuel management procedures in the environment. Aiming to evaluate the behavior of construction elements of a structure facing a forest fire with testing close to reality, a demonstrative test was performed by the authors in a small house located in a forest environment, in the municipality of Miranda do Corvo, in Portugal. The test consisted of burning a plot of land, with a high forest fuel load, where the house was exposed to a high heat flux originating from the flame front. The separation strip between the fuels and the house was 50cm. With the observation of the results, it was verified that even though the house had an incombustible structure, the construction elements such as window glass, door, thermal insulation and exhaust fans presented vulnerabilities to be considered when it is assumed that a house can serve as shelter in case of fire. It is important to emphasize that the study and research on the vulnerability of buildings in the face of a wildfire at an urban-forest interface must be integrated with all the constraints and variables that surround this theme.
Internet of Things (IoT)-Integrated Embodied Carbon Assessment and Monitoring of Prefabricated Buildings
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Pan Wei , Teng Yue , Zhang Yang , Zhang Qiqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Buildings contribute significantly to carbon emissions over their life cycle. Recently, embodied carbon (EC) accounts for an increasing share of life cycle carbon emissions of new buildings as their energy efficiency is improving. However, traditional methods of data collection and communication from diverse carbon sources such as manual recording lead to low-efficient and prone-to-error estimation of embodied carbon emissions. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated embodied carbon assessment and monitoring system (ECAMS) for prefabricated buildings. This system involves three layers, i.e., of data collection, data communication, and data analysis. To provide a theoretical foundation, the EC assessment model is firstly modified to distribute carbon emissions into twelve construction statuses and at five levels of analysis of prefabricated buildings. IoT sensors including radio frequency identification (RFID), acceleration transducer, and global positioning system (GPS) are employed for automated real-time data collection. IoT data will be communicated with building information modelling (BIM) and carbon assessment software through application programming interfaces (APIs). Laboratory tests were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of sensor-based data collection and communication. The proposed system facilitates more efficient and accurate estimations of prefabricated buildings’ embodied carbon, which should help practitioners to explore effective carbon reduction strategies.
Optimal UAV Image Overlap for Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction of Bridges
Authors: Wang F , Zou Y , Del Rey Castillo E , Lim J B P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and photogrammetry have been widely used to reconstruct a photo-realistic 3D model of physical bridges for documentation of cultural bridges or remote bridge inspection. However, the optimal image overlap for photogrammetric bridge reconstruction that can trade off the model quality and overall mission time has not yet been studied. In this paper, a comparative experiment was conducted on a real girder bridge with three typical overlap configurations being implemented to capture corresponding UAV image sets, based on which bridge models were reconstructed using a commercial photogrammetry software package. Time consumption and the quality of reconstructed bridge models of these three experimental cases were compared and analysed. The results showed that the configuration of 66.7% forward overlap and 50% side overlap is the optimal overlap configuration for the reconstruction of a variety of bridge components, which can result in the minimum number of images while saving the overall mission time for image acquisition and processing. The overlap recommendation may also be applicable to the 3D reconstruction of other types of bridges and buildings with similar structural components.
Rethinking the influence of the Intelligent Building Systems on productivity, health, and well-being for enhancing the quality of life during mandatory working from home: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bicer S , Halicioglu F H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the light of the recent global phenomena of the COVID-19 pandemic, there become evident changes in the habits and digital services usage in daily life. At this juncture, working from home (WFH) which is highly in need of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) support for work productivity and occupant well-being, has recently become a popular and almost mandatory way of working due to lockdowns all around the world. The fact remains that providing a better quality of working-life has a potential for using intelligent building technologies that lead to the rapid advancement in global information services when such crises arise. Buildings that integrated with the systems based on intelligent technologies aim to enhance the productivity and well-being flexibly to meet the changing requirements of occupants. Therefore, this study focuses on the mandatory WFH concept emerged during COVID-19 pandemic, and in this context the need for the intelligent building systems in residential buildings. The findings of this study would form a pathway for rethinking the influence of the intelligent building systems (IBSs) into the prevention of health issues that we faced during mandatory WFH.
Prediction on construction industry safety performance based on AHP and grey system
Authors: Zhuo Wen , Zhou Zhipeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the frequent occurrence of construction safety accidents, it is imperative to improve the safety performance of the construction industry. To predict safety performance scientifically, the number of construction accident fatalities was selected as an indicator of safety performance. This study combined the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA) to identify labor productivity, construction area of the house, and the number of construction enterprises and employees of the construction enterprises as the main factors affecting the number of construction accident fatalities. Then, this study used the grey prediction theory to establish a GM(1,5) model to predict the number of safety accident fatalities in 2013-2019. The results showed that the model has great prediction accuracy and can be used to predict future construction safety performance. Through the prediction of safety performance, managers can evaluate the development trends of construction projects. Therefore, they can take timely measures to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents. Meanwhile, the study provides a new optimization method for the development of the GM(1,N) model and the application of real data.
Research on the Regeneration Procedure for Reutilizing Vacant Housing Stock in Japan
Authors: Tajima Noriyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the economic development period in the 1960s and ’70s, old buildings were always considered unsuitable because of the risk of earthquakes or due to new social trends. But new construction finally dropped in the ’90s, and the birth rate also declined and the aging population grew instead. The number of vacant housing stocks have been more than doubled in Japan last 20 years, with 500,000 residences increased every year, and the issue of regeneration and reutilization of old buildings has become a focus. Yet it has not been easy to achieve successful outcomes because of many and complex impediments, interfere, such as legal, social, structural, economic, or tax-related reasons. In this study, through unraveling these complex impediments, effective countermeasures are organized and case examples of regenerated buildings that have overcome these barriers are introduced to clarify how each problem can be surmounted, and these regeneration procedures will be drawn in the shape of process planning that visualizes the steps of measures against each problem. There are five main problems: old housing plans against new social needs; degradation of building structure and materials against new building standards; old technical standards against new technologies; existing legally non-conforming buildings against ever-added new building laws; and old building reliability against possible economic value estimated. These five problems are used to clarify the regeneration procedure in order to propel and increase the fruitful utilization of this stock for the future.
Housing as critical social and economic infrastructure: A decision-making framework
Authors: Kraatz J A , Reid S , Rowlinson L , Caldera S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Housing is an important social and economic asset for society. However, increasing costs of living and demand for affordable housing is outpacing supply in Australia. Governments and housing providers, particularly community housing providers, are grappling with these challenges. This paper discusses steps towards building a more rigorous, evidence-based approach for social and affordable housing provision in Australia. It is proposed that housing be considered like other critical social and economic infrastructure such as schools, hospitals and civil infrastructure (i.e., roadways). The paper presents findings of Australian industry-led social and affordable housing research undertaken between 2014 to 2020. Past and current research findings inform the decision-making framework, including: (i) a productivity-based conceptual framework; (ii) the establishment of nine impact domains including meaningful and measurable outcomes and indicators; (iii) a composite return on investment approach which addresses the broader benefits of access to safe and secure housing; and (iv) thirteen elements being used to map the complex and integrated social and affordable housing network. The emergent decision-making framework resulting from this longitudinal study will be a critical tool for government and social and affordable housing providers to achieve economically and socially sustainable outcomes.
The Relationship between Mindfulness and Safety Performance of Building Repair and Maintenance: An Empirical Study in Australia
Authors: Pilanawithana N , Feng Y , London K , Zhang P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The importance of building repair and maintenance (R&M) has become more significant in recent years as the volume of building stock has expanded globally. With this growth in building stock coupled with R&M complexity unforeseen safety risks has become an increasing problem to solve. In such complex working environment a type of organisation known as high reliability organisation (HRO) is known to operate successfully. The concept of mindfulness from HRO theory has been identified as a key strategy for addressing unforeseen risks derived from the complexity in socio-technical systems. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between mindfulness and safety performance of building R&M companies. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on HROs and the concept of mindfulness to develop the research hypothesis. A questionnaire survey was utilised to collect the data from Australian building R&M professionals. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between mindfulness and safety performance. This study found that mindfulness has a significant impact on accident prevention in building R&M companies through discovering and managing the unexpected events owing to the complexity. The findings have implications for organisations in the way they train and implement professional development programs for their staff.
Effect of transparency on the development phase of public-private partnership: Analysis of highway projects
Authors: Nayyer Mojahedul Islam , Aravindan Mukkai R , Thillai Rajan A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The impact of transparency on large Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects has been a topic of interest for scholars and policymakers. However, empirical evidence of its impact has been limited. Governments from more than 100 countries across the globe have enacted transparency laws in the recent past. The development phase of PPP projects is critical for the success of the subsequent two phases- construction and operation. The objective of this study was to determine the influencing characteristics of projects and the environment in which they operate, as well as the impact of transparency laws on the duration of the development phase. Regression analysis using data of 469 PPP highway projects implemented in India revealed that concession period, length of the road, nodal authority implementing the project, duration of the construction phase, and road density in the region significantly impact the duration of the development phase. Mean comparison and regression analysis showed that the projects implemented after the enactment of the transparency law had a longer development phase. However, the projects with a longer development phase had a shorter construction phase. Understanding the factors affecting the duration of the development phase will help the nodal authority and the concessionaire to develop strategies to complete the project in a reasonably time-bound manner.