bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on salivary and serum biomarkers in Stage III Grade B and C periodontitis
Authors: Görgülü Nimet Gül , Doğan Başak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the levels of total matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), macrophage‐activating factors (MAF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), interleukin (IL)‐34 in saliva, and serum of periodontally healthy, periodontitis Stage III Grade B (P‐III‐B) and Grade C (P‐III‐C) participants and to compare the changes after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).MethodsA total of non‐smoker and systemically healthy 65 participants, 20 periodontally healthy, 20 P‐III‐B, and 25 P‐III‐C were recruited for the study. The periodontal parameters were recorded, saliva and serum samples were obtained from all participants at baseline. In periodontitis groups, the periodontal parameters were reevaluated, and the samples were recollected at 1 and 3 months following the NSPT. MMP‐8, MAF, MIP‐1α, M‐CSF, and IL‐34 levels were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was performed for estimating the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsAll periodontal parameters were improved in periodontitis groups after NSPT (P < 0.05). Among tested molecules, salivary MMP‐8 and MAF were higher in both periodontitis groups compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05) at baseline and significantly decreased after NSPT (P < 0.05) to healthy levels or below. Salivary MMP‐8 had the highest diagnostic ability both for P‐III‐B (AUC:0.78 sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 80%) and P‐III‐C (AUC:0.88 sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 80%). Moreover, after adjusting for age, periodontitis groups were associated with salivary MMP‐8 and MAF levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study showed that high salivary MMP‐8 and MAF levels were associated with non‐smoker, systemically healthy P‐III‐B and P‐III‐C. Moreover, NSPT was remarkably reduced their levels.
Long‐term preservation of ridge dimension following tooth extraction and ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial of healing at 4‐ and 12‐month healing time points
Authors: Allen Hunter T. , Zellner Jacob W. , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, the efficacy of ridge preservation in the maintenance of the residual alveolar ridge dimension beyond 6 months after treatment is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in alveolar ridge dimensional change following ridge preservation between 4‐ and 12‐month healing time points using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsFifty seven patients planned for tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled. Following extraction, ridge preservation was performed. CBCT scans were taken within 72 hours following extraction with a customized resin stent containing a fixed radiographic marker. At either 4 months (short‐term, ST group) or 12 months (long‐term, LT group) after ridge preservation, patients had a second CBCT taken and an implant placed. Changes in ridge height and width were measured using the standardized radiographic marker.ResultsNo significant differences were detected between the ST and LT groups in loss of buccal and lingual ridge height. Similarly, when adjusted for baseline ridge width, no significant differences were detected in ridge width loss at 3, 5, and 7 mm apical to the crest between the ST and LT groups.ConclusionsThe efficacy of ridge preservation in the maintenance of ridge width and height at the 12‐month time point is similar to that of the 4‐month time point. Clinicians may feel confident that a delay in implant placement for up to a year has no significant negative impact on the height and width of the healed ridge.
Effect of local changes in the composition of the LiNb1−xTaxO3 single crystal on the Raman spectra
Authors: Irzhak Artemii , Irzhak Dmitrii , Khvostikov Vladimir , Pundikov Kirill , Roshchupkin Dmitrii , Fahrtdinov Rashid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the results of studying the effect of local changes in the composition of the LiNb1−xTaxO3 single crystal on the Raman spectra. Analysis of the crystal composition was carried out using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using statistical analysis of data on local changes in the chemical composition of a single crystal, it was found that Nb atoms partially replace Li vacancies. Using principal component analysis in combination with correlation analysis, the contribution of a change in the crystal composition to a change in the Raman spectra is determined. Found principal components correctly predict the shift of the Raman lines at transition of the crystal composition from niobate to lithium tantalate. During the formation of a mixed LiNb1−xTaxO3 crystal, at small amounts of Ta atoms replacing Nb, the substitution occurs in the cation sublattice.
Peculiarities and evolution of Raman spectra of multilayer Ge/Si(001) heterostructures containing arrays of low‐temperature MBE‐grown Ge quantum dots of different size and number density: Experimental studies and numerical simulations
Authors: Storozhevykh Mikhail S. , Arapkina Larisa V. , Novikov Sergey M. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Uvarov Oleg V. , Yuryev Vladimir A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGe/Si(001) multilayer heterostructures containing arrays of low‐temperature self‐assembled Ge quantum dots and very thin SixGe1−x layers of varying composition and complex geometry have been studied using Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The dependence of Raman spectra on the effective thickness of deposited Ge layers has been investigated in detail in the range from 4 to 18 Å. The position and shape of both Ge and SiGe vibrational modes are of great interest because they are closely related to the strain and composition of the material that plays a role of active component in perspective optoelectronic devices based on such structures. In this work, we present an explanation for some peculiar features of Raman spectra, which makes it possible to control the quality of the grown heterostructures more effectively. A dramatic increase of intensity of both the Ge–Ge and Si–Ge bands for the structure containing Ge layers of 10 Å and anomalous shift and broadening of the Si–Ge band for structures comprising Ge layers of 8 and 9 Å thick were observed. In our model, the anomalous behavior of the Raman spectra with the change of thickness of deposited Ge is connected with the flatness of Ge layers as well as transitional SiGe domains formed via the stress‐induced diffusion from {105} facets of quantum dots. The conclusions are supported by the STM studies and the numerical calculations.
Creating value for whom? Digitization and governance practices of nontraditional export firms in Africa
Authors: Atiase Victor Yawo , Agbanyo Senyo , Ameh Johnson Kwesi , Sambian Robert Makila , Ganza Patronela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nontraditional export (NTE) sector promises to be the antidote to Africa's economic woes in the face of dwindling traditional exports. Adopting the Porter's Value Chain Framework and a case study design, we explore how alcoholic beverage companies in the African NTE sector could create value in their upstream, midstream, and downstream value chain activities through effective governance and digitization. In exploring these intricacies of governance and digitization within African global value chains (GVCs), we draw on two major case studies, Diageo South Africa and Kasapreko Ghana Limited. Our study shows that the NTE sector can contribute to both economic and social upgrading activities, contribute to industrialization and create international competitiveness for African firms. Second, GVC governance and digitization, even though still at its infant stages in Africa, has the potential in propelling economic value through the NTE sector.
The impact of e‐commerce on Chinese suppliers' upgrading in global value chains in a digitalized era
Authors: Jiang Yan , Qin Xiao , Virtanen Yuan , You Weimu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the challenges Chinese manufacturing suppliers face in global value chains (GVCs) and how they respond to the challenges through GVC upgrading facilitated by e‐commerce. A multiple case study approach on nine case companies of three company size categories in the Chinese nonwoven fabric product industry was employed. The findings reveal four categories of internal challenges (i.e., a product development challenge, a human resource challenge, a financial resource challenge, and an intellectual resource challenge) and two categories of external challenges (i.e., a market challenge and a macroeconomic challenge) faced by the Chinese suppliers in the e‐commerce context. Furthermore, strategic responses undertaken by Chinese manufacturers are identified and are further related to various types of economic, environmental, and social upgrading by applying the GVC framework. Unlike most extant research on the phenomenon of sourcing from China that approaches it from the viewpoint of global buyers, this study examines the phenomenon from the perspective of Chinese suppliers. Through the theoretical lens of GVC analysis and its core concept of upgrading, this study contributes to GVC research by shedding light on the impact of e‐commerce on suppliers' GVC upgrading practices.
The drip loss inhibitory mechanism of nanowarming in jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantles: protein structure and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Li Yue , Bu Ying , Guo Huifang , Zhu Wenhui , Li Jianrong , Li Xuepeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe magnetic nanoparticles plus microwave thawing (MNPMT), a new rewarming technology entitled ‘nanowarming’, can serve as an effective method to achieve rapid and uniform thawing, thus reducing drip loss. The purpose of this study was to decipher the drip loss inhibitory mechanism of MNPMT in jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) from the perspectives of protein structure and ice crystal recrystallization. A number of different techniques such as dynamic rheology, Raman spectra, intrinsic fluorescence measurement, and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra were conducted to analyze myofibrillar protein conformation and stability of jumbo squid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) were used to observe the growth of ice crystals. The interaction between magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and ice crystals was studied by using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.RESULTSMNPMT exhibited the highest storage modulus (G') value at 90 °C, suggesting the protein conformation was more stable. The increase in α‐helices, fluorescence intensity and characteristic absorption peak of MNPMT illustrated that MNPMT can effectively maintain the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Compared with cold storage thawing (CST) and microwave thawing (MT), the MFI value of MNPMT was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The result of MD simulation showed that MNPs displayed a tendency to gradually approach the surface of ice crystals, and induced a certain degree of damage to the ice crystal surface, thereby markedly inhibiting ice crystal recrystallization.CONCLUSIONMNPMT can reduce the drip loss by keeping the protein conformation stable and inhibiting the recrystallization of ice crystals during the thawing process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Wildlife visitation at abandoned mines
Authors: Armstrong Timothy A. , Lahiri Chayan , Moran Wyatt K. , Fuller Brett D. , Mix Jose A. , Cerny Tyler M. , Ibarra‐Garibay Erika J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbandoned mines provide habitat for bats, but their importance to other wildlife is less understood. This descriptive study was designed to answer the following questions with an emphasis on carnivores: are wildlife species other than bats visiting abandoned mines, is wildlife entering abandoned mines, does wildlife visitation at abandoned mines differ seasonally, and does wildlife visitation differ at individual mines? To address these questions, we monitored 50 abandoned mines using remote cameras in the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Colorado, USA, for 25,201 camera days from May 2017 to August 2020. We monitored mines in 2 phases. During phase 1 (May 2017–May 2019), we monitored 30 randomly selected mines to gather baseline data on carnivore visitation and to model carnivore visitation. During phase 2 (May 2019–August 2020), we monitored 27 mines to test the visitation model and to determine if carnivores visited multiple mines as they traveled across the landscape. We observed >48 species of vertebrates at mines, including 11 of 14 carnivore species known to occur in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Carnivores ranged in size from ringtails (Bassariscus astutus) to American black bears (Ursus americanus). Pumas (Puma concolor) visited mines most frequently and we observed pairs of adult pumas entering mines, presumably during courtship and mating. We also observed American black bears, pumas, and common gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) visiting and entering mines with young. Carnivores visited mines at low levels throughout the year and visitation differed by season, temperature, and carnivore species, size, and family. Our most parsimonious generalized linear models identified mine elevation, entrance (portal) size, land cover type, tree cover, and aspect as significant predictors of visitation. Our top models explained ≥78% of the variation in carnivore visits and indicated that carnivores in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains were most likely to visit small horizontal mines at lower elevations in dense piñon (Pinus edulis)—juniper (Juniperus sp.) woodlands. We encourage resource managers to monitor abandoned mines for ≥1 year prior to closing or gating mines to understand which wildlife species might be affected by closures.
The efficacy of highway wildlife collision mitigation in preventing elk mortality in central Ontario
Authors: Hamr Josef , Lieske David J. , Martin Michelle , Nickel Connor B. , Popp Jesse N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the Burwash area of north‐central Ontario, Canada, expansion of the Trans‐Canada highway from 2 to 4 lanes was accompanied by installation of a range of wildlife collision‐mitigation infrastructure (e.g., exclusion fencing, underpasses). To assess the overall effectiveness of these measures, we monitored the spatial distribution and mortality rates of elk (Cervus canadensis) prior to and following highway expansion, distinguished by season (winter, snowfree) and corridor‐type (highway, railway). We measured herd‐level risk by the proportion of positions falling within 200‐m railway and highway buffer zones using Bayesian methods. Spatial analysis confirmed that there was a distinct northward shift in the winter distribution of elk following construction, situating the elk past the north end of the exclusion fence. This increased the herd's exposure to highway traffic by 3.6 times (proportion of points before = 0.0041 ± 0.002 [SE], after = 0.0147 ± 0.003, P = 0.005), and resulted in a more than 2‐fold increase in elk road mortality from 0.6 elk/yr/20 km during 8 years prior to implementation to 1.5 elk/yr/20 km during 8 years after implementation. Exposure to railways remained unchanged and consistently higher than highway exposure regardless of season (e.g., post‐mitigation, winter proportion of points = 0.0453 ± 0.005), matched by consistently high mortality counts (proportion of points before = 6.4 elk/yr/20 km, after = 6.6 elk/yr/20 km). Our results demonstrate that while wildlife‐vehicle collision mitigation is generally beneficial to wildlife and humans, failure to account for the local characteristics of wildlife populations can lead to suboptimal mitigation designs that reduce their effectiveness and lead to unintended wildlife impacts.
Cattle grazing in CRP grasslands during the nesting season: effects on avian abundance and diversity
Authors: Wilson Benjamin S. , Jensen William E. , Houseman Gregory R. , Jameson Mary Liz , Reichenborn Molly M. , Watson D. Fraser , Morphew Alex R. , Kjaer Esben L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a primary tool for restoring grassland in the United States, in part as wildlife habitat, which has benefited declining grassland bird populations. Among potential mid‐contract management practices used to maintain early‐successional CRP grasslands, cattle grazing had been prohibited and is currently disincentivized during the primary nesting season for birds (much of the growing season), despite the important role that large herbivores historically played in structuring grassland ecosystems. Conservative grazing of CRP grasslands could increase spatial heterogeneity in vegetation structure and plant diversity, potentially supporting higher densities of some grassland bird species and higher bird diversity. Our objective was to determine the effect of experimental cattle grazing on species‐specific relative abundance and occupancy, species diversity, and community dissimilarity of grassland birds on CRP grasslands across the longitudinal extent of Kansas, USA (a 63.5‐cm precipitation gradient) during the 2017–2019 avian breeding seasons. Fifty‐three of 108 fields were grazed by cattle during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 and all fields were rested from grazing in 2019. For all analyses, we examined separate model sets for semiarid western versus more mesic eastern Kansas. Using data from line transect surveys, we modeled relative abundances of 5 songbird species: grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), dickcissel (Spiza americana), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), and brown‐headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Grazing had delayed yet positive effects on abundances of grasshopper sparrow in western Kansas, and eastern meadowlark in eastern Kansas, but negative effects on dickcissel abundance in western Kansas and especially on burned fields in eastern Kansas. Somewhat counterintuitively, brown‐headed cowbirds in western Kansas were more abundant on ungrazed versus grazed fields in the years after grazing began. In addition, we modeled multi‐season occupancy of 3 gamebird species (ring‐necked pheasant [Phasianus colcicus], northern bobwhite [Colinus virginianus], mourning dove [Zenaida macroura]) and Henslow's sparrow (Centronyx henslowii); grazing did not affect occupancy of these species. In eastern Kansas, species diversity was highest in grazed, unburned fields. In western Kansas, bird communities in grazed and ungrazed fields were dissimilar, as determined from multivariate analysis. Though regionally variable, conservative stocking of cattle on CRP grasslands during the nesting season as a mid‐contract management tool might increase bird species diversity by restructuring habitat that accommodates a greater variety of species and decreasing abundances of species associated with taller, denser stands of vegetation.
Alginate/Gelatin‐Based Hydrogel with Soy Protein/Peptide Powder for 3D Printing Tissue‐Engineering Scaffolds to Promote Angiogenesis
Authors: Liu Yakui , Hu Qingxi , Dong Wenpei , Liu Suihong , Zhang Haiguang , Gu Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, 3D bioprinting has attracted broad research interest in biomedical engineering and clinical applications. However, there are two issues need to be solved urgently at present, the development of ink is the first pressing thing for 3D printing tissue engineering scaffold, other thing is the promotion of angiogenesis in the scaffold. Therefore, a gelatin/sodium alginate‐based hydrogel with protein‐rich is developed here, which is prepared by gelatin, sodium alginate, and soy protein/soy peptide powder. The prepared inks exhibit excellent shear‐thinning behavior, which contribute to extrusion‐based printing; also shown good crosslinking ability by calcium chloride. The macroporous composite scaffolds are printed by 3D printing using the developed ink and the physicochemical properties of the scaffolds are evaluated. Moreover, the cytocompatibility of printed scaffold is characterized by using human umbilical vein epidermal cells, results show that the scaffolds with soy protein and soy peptide powder can promote cell attach, spread, migration, and proliferation. The further research of chicken embryo allantoic membrane assay and animal experiment are carried, and results present that the scaffold can promote the growth of neo‐vessels in the scaffold, which means the developed ink with soy protein and soy peptide powder has great potential for angiogenesis.
A study on the performance evaluation of wavelet decomposition in transient‐based radio frequency fingerprinting of Bluetooth devices
Authors: Almashaqbeh Hemam , Dalveren Yaser , Kara Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRadio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is used as a physical‐layer security method to provide security in wireless networks. Basically, it exploits the distinctive features (fingerprints) extracted from the physical waveforms emitted from radio devices in the network. One of the major challenges in RFF is to create robust features forming the fingerprints of radio devices. Here, dual‐tree complex wavelet transform (DT‐CWT) provides an accurate way of extracting those robust features. However, its performance on the RFF of Bluetooth transients which fall into narrowband signaling has not been reported yet. Therefore, this study examines the performance of DT‐CWT features on the use of transient‐based RFF of Bluetooth devices. Initially, experimentally collected Bluetooth transients from different smartphones are decomposed by DT‐CWT. Then, the characteristics and statistics of the wavelet domain signal are exploited to create robust features. Next, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the smartphones. The classification accuracy is demonstrated by varying channel signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the size of transient duration. Results show that reasonable accuracy can be achieved (lower bound of 88%) even with short transient duration (1024 samples) at low SNRs (0–5 dB).
FEM×DEM multi‐scale model for cemented granular materials: Inter‐ and intra‐granular cracking induced strain localisation
Authors: Nguyen Trung‐Kien , Desrues Jacques , Vo Thanh‐Trung , Combe Gaël 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a multi‐scale model that combines the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) to study the behaviour of cemented granular materials (CGM) at both the sample (macroscopic) and particle (microscopic) scales, taking into account inter‐ and intra‐granular cracking. At the microscopic scale, the material is made up of Volume Elements (VE) composed of particles. Their mechanical behaviour is modelled by the DEM. In the VEs, we find circular grains (single particles) and meso‐grains; the meso‐grains being made up of clusters of particles linked by strong cohesive bonds. All particles interact via normal/tangential contact and rolling resistance laws with cohesive bonds. At the macroscopic scale, the sample is modelled using the FEM. A VE is assigned to each Gauss point of the mesh; the mechanical response of the VE is used to numerically derive the constitutive response of the material to the strain increment exerted at each point. In the models reported in this paper, localised failures in shear band mode are observed at the macroscopic scale. By performing a microscopic analysis, the results show that the occurrence and development of shear bands give rise locally to a strong evolution of microscopic characteristics such as void ratio, number of contacts (total and debonding contacts), and remarkably by inter‐ and intra‐granular cracking in the case of meso‐grains. Furthermore, the stress and strain tensors non‐coaxiality is clearly demonstrated inside the shear band, but almost negligible outside.