bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress-specific differences in Distal Femoral Epiphysis of Leg Length Discrepancy and Pelvic Tilt. A Finite-Element Analysis
Authors: Bai Huanan , Lu Qingda , Wang Xiaoming , Liang Xiaoju , Jia Haoruo , Wang Huan , Jie Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to compare the distal femoral epiphyseal stress of Leg Length Discrepancy and Pelvic Tilt, to explain the phenomenon of genu varum and genu valgum in children with unequal lower extremities or pelvic tilt.
Methods
The finite element models was established to analyze the distal femoral epiphyseal Equivalent Von Mises Stress, We reconstructed the right sacrum, pubis, ischium, and femur of a healthy child by finite element method, and generated the distal femoral epiphysis and other cartilage structures. The left femur was amputated (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6cm) to study the stress changes in the bilateral distal femoral epiphysis. In addition, we tilted the pelvis of four models and placed the distal femur at the same level to study the stress changes after the pelvis was tilted.
Results
The Equivalent Von Mises Stress distribution of the distal femoral epiphysis on both sides of the children with unequal lower limbs was uneven, and the stress stimulation on the lateral side was greater than that on the medial side. And when the pelvis is tilted, this stimulation is more obvious.
Conclusions
We reconstructed a healthy child's pelvis and femur by Finite-Element, including cartilage and epiphyseal structures. The left femur was amputated to simulate the Leg Length Discrepancy, the pelvis tilt was also studied. Both lead to the increased lateral stress, with pelvic tilt having a greater effect.
Characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment in urban parks at megacity of central China
Authors: Li Ding , Cai LiMei , Chen LaiGuo , Wang Han Zhi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we compared the concentrations of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in the surface soils of urban parks in Wuhan, Hubei Province with those in the surface soils of urban parks worldwide. The soil contamination data were assessed using enrichment factors, and spatial analysis of heavy metals using inverse distance weighting and quantitative analysis of heavy metal sources with a positive definite matrix factor (PMF) receptor model. Further, a probabilistic health risk assessment of children and adults using Monte Carlo simulation was performed. The average Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb concentrations in the surface soils of urban parks were 2.52, 58.74, 31.39, 186.28, 27.00, and 34.89 mg·kg−1, respectively, which exceeded the average soil background values in Hubei. From the inverse distance spatial interpolation map, heavy metal contamination was primarily observed to be present to the southwest of the main urban area. The PMF model resolved four sources: mixed traffic and industrial emission, natural, agricultural, and traffic sources, with relative contributions of 23.9%, 19.3%, 23.4%, and 33.4%, respectively. The Monte Carlo health risk evaluation model demonstrated negligible noncancer risks for both adult and child populations, whereas the health effects of Cd and Cr on children were a concern for cancer risks.
Bioinformatic and literature assessment of toxicity and allergenicity of a CRISPR-Cas9 engineered gene drive to control the human malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Qureshi Alima , Connolly John B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Population suppression gene drive is currently being evaluated, including via environmental risk assessment (ERA), for malaria vector control. One such gene drive involves the dsxFCRISPRh transgene encoding (i) hCas9 endonuclease, (i) T1 guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the doublesex locus, and (iii) DsRed fluorescent marker protein, in genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs). Problem formulation, the first stage of ERA, for environmental releases of dsxFCRISPRh previously identified nine potential harms to the environment or health that could occur, should expressed products of the transgene cause allergenicity or toxicity.
Methods
Amino acid sequences of hCas9 and DsRed were interrogated against those of toxins or allergens from NCBI, UniProt, COMPARE and AllergenOnline bioinformatic databases and the gRNA was compared with microRNAs from the miRBase database for potential impacts on gene expression associated with toxicity or allergenicity. PubMed was also searched for any evidence of toxicity or allergenicity of Cas9 or DsRed, or of the donor organisms from which these products were originally derived.
Results
While Cas9 nuclease activity can be toxic to some cell types in vitro and hCas9 was found to share homology with the prokaryotic toxin VapC, there was no evidence of a risk of toxicity to humans and other animals from hCas9. Although hCas9 did contain an 8-mer epitope found in the latex allergen Hev b 9, the full amino acid sequence of hCas9 was not homologous to any known allergens. Combined with a lack of evidence in the literature of Cas9 allergenicity, this indicated negligible risk to humans of allergenicity from hCas9. No matches were found between the gRNA and microRNAs from either Anopheles or humans. Moreover, potential exposure to dsxFCRISPRh transgenic proteins from environmental releases was assessed as negligible.
Conclusions
Bioinformatic and literature assessments found no convincing evidence to suggest that transgenic products expressed from dsxFCRISPRh were allergens or toxins, indicating that environmental releases of this population suppression gene drive for malaria vector control should not result in any increased allergenicity or toxicity in humans or animals. These results should also inform evaluations of other GMMs being developed for vector control and in vivo clinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9.
Sedimentary deposits and bioturbation in an Early Cretaceous subarctic stormy greenhouse shelf environment
Authors: Leszczyński Stanisław , Warchoł Michał J. , Nemec Wojciech 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study of the Aptian lower part of the Carolinefjellet Formation in Svalbard, Norwegian high Arctic, is based on well cores and outcrop section in the Adventdalen area of Spitsbergen and reports on the deposits and bioturbation structures of an ancient subpolar marine shelf from a well-known period of global greenhouse climate. The study documents the sedimentation conditions and benthic fauna activity on a warm-water aggrading shelf subject to harsh Arctic wave climate and eurybatic base-level changes, with episodic bottom incursions of cold polar water. Lithofacies associations and 38 observed ichnotaxa represent subenvironments ranging from offshore to lower shoreface and hosting the Cruziana ichnofacies in its distal to proximal expression, with a brief mid-Aptian encroachment of middle shoreface zone with a distal expression of the Skolithos ichnofacies. The ichnofacies are variously impoverished compared to their archetypes. The sediment bioturbation intensity varies, but similar lithofacies associations show a comparable intensity throughout the stratigraphic succession, which indicates an ichnofauna ecology controlled by the seafloor hydraulic regime and oxygenation, and thus mainly by the wave climate and relative sea-level changes. Sandstone tempestites indicate high-frequency storms, commonly exceeding the magnitude of largest modern hurricane events. The study confirms that a change in global climate mode, such as the Early Cretaceous warming, entails extreme weather conditions.
Effects of post-awakening light exposure on heart rate variability in healthy male individuals
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Mekschrat Liza , Buehrer Stefan , Siepmann Martin , Albus Christian , Schmalbach Bjarne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Light-induced effects on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are assumed to be mediated by retinal projections to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) via different routes. Light information for the circadian system is detected by a subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), however, inconsistency exists in research concerning the effects of light exposure on heart rate variability (HRV). Two within-subject experiments were conducted in a standardized sleep laboratory to investigate effects of light intensity (study I, n = 29: two days dim vs. bright light) and spectral composition (study II, n = 24: three days using red vs. blue vs. green light) on HRV parameters (RMSSD, LF, HF-HRV, LF/HF ratio). Light exposure was conducted for one-hour in the post-awakening phase at 5:00 AM. Results revealed no significant light intensity effect comparing dim light versus bright white light on HRV parameters. Light color of different wavelengths significantly influenced all HRV parameters except the low frequency, with moderate to large effect sizes. RMSSD values were elevated for all three colors compared to norm values, indicating stronger parasympathetic activation. LED light of different spectral compositions demonstrated bidirectional effects on spectral components of the HRV. Red light decreased the LF/HF ratio within 30 min, whereas with blue light, LF/HF ratio consistently increased across 40 min of light exposure.
The analytical solution to the migration of an epithelial monolayer with a circular spreading front and its implications in the gap closure process
Authors: Zhao Tiankai , Yuan Hongyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The coordinated behaviors of epithelial cells are widely observed in tissue development, such as re-epithelialization, tumor growth, and morphogenesis. In these processes, cells either migrate collectively or organize themselves into specific structures to serve certain purposes. In this work, we study aspreading epithelial monolayer whose migrating front encloses a circular gap in the monolayer center. Such tissue is usually used to mimic thewound healing process in Virto. We model the epithelial sheet as a layer of active viscous polar fluid. With an axisymmetric assumption, the model can be analytically solved under two special conditions, suggesting two possible spreading modes for the epithelial monolayer. Based on these two sets of analytical solutions, we assess the velocity of the spreading front affected by the gap size, the active intercellular contractility, and the purse-string contraction acting on the spreading edge. Several critical values exist in the model parameters for the initiation of the gap closure process, and the purse-string contraction plays a vital role in governing the gap closure kinetics. Finally, the instability of the morphology of the spreading front was studied. Numerical calculations show how the perturbated velocities and the growth rates vary with respect to different model parameters.
Performance analysis of coherent DPSK SIMO laser-based satellite-to-ground communication link over weak-to-strong turbulence channels considering Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov spectrum models
Authors: Abouelez Ahmed Elsayed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the average bit error rate (BER), outage probability (OP), and ergodic capacity of the satellite-to-ground heterodyne optical communication system with receiver spatial diversity are analysed. A differential phase-shift keying modulation technique is used. The propagated laser signal from the satellite to the ground station is assumed to be subjected to Málaga-distributed atmospheric turbulence. The atmospheric turbulence statistics are carried out based on the conventional Kolmogorov spectrum model and the three-layer altitude (TLA) non-Kolmogorov spectrum model. The performance of popular diversity combining techniques, namely, maximum ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC) techniques are analyzed. The statistical models of the MRC technique under the Málaga-distributed atmospheric channel model are obtained in analytical form expressions. The statistical models of the EGC technique under the Málaga-distributed atmospheric channel model are obtained via the fast Fourier transform representation of the characteristic function method. Based on these statistical models, average BER, OP, and ergodic capacity expressions for each type of diversity combining technique are derived. For the communication system under investigation, the performance of MRC and EGC multiple aperture receiver systems are compared to a single aperture receiver with the same total aperture area. These comparisons are carried out under the same conditions in terms of zenith angle and signal-to-noise ratio. The obtained results show that the performance of the optical communication system under investigation with MRC and EGC receivers can be improved by increasing the order of diversity. In addition, it is found that the difference in the performance between Kolmogorov and TLA non-Kolmogorov spectrum models is not significant at low zenith angles, while this difference increases as the zenith angle increases. All numerical results are verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Application of unique chitosan nanoparticles as an anti-cariogenic bacterial agent in mouthwash: Physical, stability and antibacterial properties evaluation
Authors: Villaseñor Angelica Rae Montesines , Jonjaroen Veasarach , Phonghanyudh Araya , Surarit Rudee , Niamsiri Nuttawee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles have long been used as antibacterial agent in several fields due to its advantages in physiochemical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the different chitosan sources and crosslinkers used for fabricating chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and to consider the application of CNs as an antibacterial agent in mouthwash. Different CNs structures were synthesized and subsequently incorporated into four different mouthwash solutions. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of CNs were evaluated. The stability of CNs was also observed at different pH (5.0, 5.5 and 6.0) for over 2 months. At the optimal pH condition, each mouthwash formulation with CNs was tested for their antimicrobial properties against two bacterial species frequently associated with dental caries; Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. The results showed that CNs could be synthesized from both squid- and shrimp-derived chitosan materials. When CNs-TPP was resuspended in either stock buffer or mouthwash solution often have smaller particle size compared to CNs-HMP. Among four formulations, the squid CNs-TPP mouthwash was found to be the most stable in particle size ranging from pH 5.0 to 6.0 during the 2-month period. The antibacterial results showed that the CNs-TPP were more effective in killing both S. mutans and L. casei. Our findings suggested that CNs have potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in the mouthwash formulation with high stability.
WITHDRAWN: Improving Prediction Capability of Classifierusing PCA and Near-Miss based method
Authors: Mehrotra Shashi , Varish Naushad , Muttum Vinay Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Krishna Redrouthu Vamsi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the COVID-19 and its variant are more dangerous forpeople with some health complexity, such as breast cancer, diabetes, andheart disease. Diagnosis at the early stage of these diseases may savepeople from deadly diseases and infections. However, often these diseasesare diagnosed very late. Classification algorithms are in use forthe diagnosis of several diseases. Classification result significance is amajor issue in many real-time domains which deal with class imbalancedata. Class imbalance data is one of the primary challenges for theperformance of classification models. Most sensitive and essential realtimedomain data are class imbalances, resulting in poor classificationperformance. Due to the dominancy of the major class, the classificationof the minor class may show high accuracy. Misclassification cannot be accepted in medical cases, which can cost human life as well.The paper presents a hybrid model named PNM to address the classimbalance issue and thus improve the performance of the classifiers.This proposed sampling model integrates Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and the Near-Miss sampling method. Experimental resultsshow the efficiency of the PNM model for the class imbalance data.
Quantum-enhanced receiver for quadrature phase shift keying using conjugated homodyne detection
Authors: Wu Tianyi , Ran Yang , Zhou Zichao , Guo Chang , Li Kai , Dong Chen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Coherent detection (homodyne detection/heterodyne detection) and single photon detection are commonly applied in classical communication and quantum communication/receiver respectively. In this paper, we firstly propose a quantum-enhanced receiver based on conjugated homodyne detection, which is consisted of two classical balanced homodyne detectors, for discrimination among quadrature-phase-modulated weak coherent states. Our detection part works as a photon counter in every single-shot measurement during the process of detection and feedback, which could help our quantum-enhanced receiver surpass the standard quantum limit when an optimized detection threshold $\tau = 0.3$ is selected. Moreover, our proposed quantum-enhanced receiver with conjugated homodyne detectors can obtain the same low error probability as conventional quantum-enhanced receivers (with its superconducting nanowire single photon detectors' detection efficiency 75$\%$ for pulse separation $M=8$ and 85$\%$ for $M=12$ under the same adaptive feedback countermeasures.) Meanwhile, our scheme of the quantum-enhanced receiver gains its incomparable advantages on room-temperature working condition and low cost due to the application of conjugated homodyne detectors. As far as we concerned, this is the first time to explore the performance of the quantum-enhanced receiver with commercial homodyne detectors. And the analysis in this paper may pave the way to reduce the cost of the quantum-enhanced receiver and make it more adaptable for long-distance optical communication systems.
The Effect of Educational Intervention based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model on Calcium Consumption among Pregnant Women
Authors: Amiri Masoumeh , Heidari Neda , Rajati Mojgan , Mahaki Behzad , Rajati Fatemeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and objective: The consumption of calcium-rich foods among pregnant women has always been one of the challenging issues of the health care system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on Pender’s HPM on the calcium intake of pregnant women.
Materials and method: The pregnant women at three to five months were recruited using convenient sampling method and randomly assigned either to the control (n=37) or intervention (n=36) groups referred to the health centers in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019, 2020. Interventions were implemented based on the structures of Pender’s HPM with three assessments at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after a one-month follow-up. The food frequency questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 25.
Results: There is no significant difference between the intervention and control groups at baseline (P<0.05). According to the independent sample t-test, all constructs of the Pender’s HPM except for interpersonal influences were significantly improved in the intervention rather than control groups (P>0.05).
The repeated measure ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in the effect of the intervention on the constructs of the knowledge (F=9.40; P-value=0.001), perceived benefits (F=17.24 ; P-value=0.001), perceived barriers (F=40.80 ; P-value=0.001), perceived self-efficacy (F=10.90; P-value=0.001), activity-related affect (F= 14.85; P-value=0.001), interpersonal influences (F=21.51 ; P-value=0.001), commitment to a plan of action (F=20.20 ; P-value=0.001), and immediate competing demands and preferences (F=9.4; P-value=0.001) between the intervention and control groups. However, a significant difference was not observed in the construct of situational influences (F=1.20; P-value=0.296). The ANOVA demonstrated that the calcium consumption significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the HPMchanged the nutritional behavior of calcium-rich food consumption among pregnant women. The use of Pender's HPM is recommended to improve nutritional behaviors. A theory-based educational intervention in the health care system can fill the gap in the successful implementation of nutrition education programs.
Beyond the Dams: Combatting Hydropower Over-reliance &amp; Securing Pathways for a Low-carbon Future for Laos' Electricity Sector using OSeMOSYS (Open-Source Energy Modelling System)
Authors: Wong Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Laos has seen exponential growth in the past decades, becoming one of the fastest growing economies of the 21st century. Much of its success owes to its emerging position as ‘the battery of Southeast Asia’ through the exportation of mostly hydropower. While this has brought about almost-universal praise as the beacon of ‘sustainable development’, the detractors of this notion are not without merit. A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that if Laos continues hydropower expansion in its current trajectory, a multitude of implications can stand to disenfranchise the most marginalised in Laos and beyond. Alongside this predicament, much of the world is seeking set a net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050 in order to avoid the most extreme consequences of the climate crisis.
This report seeks to draw up potential pathways to both pressing issues through utilising OSeMOSYS (Open-Source Energy Modelling System), a long-term energy system modelling tool, to create seven scenarios that would provide insight into what pathways there are for the Lao electricity sector to wean its hydropower dependency and still be low-carbon in different capacities.
The modelling output suggests that a low-carbon future not overly-reliant on hydropower is highly feasible and five policy recommendations have transpired through drawing on common themes and key insights of the modelling output. They include the prioritisation and promotion of non-hydro RE, most namely biomass as it serves to replace coal within Laos’ generation mix, the encouragement of small-scale electricity production, transmission and distribution grid improvements and the establishment of an independent power sector regulator. Further research is encouraged to reflect the dynamic changes within RE technology development and improved upon datasets in order for increased accuracy, as well as analysis on a whole energy system level.