bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A waterborne polyurethane‐based hybrid fluorescent silicon quantum dot
Authors: Gong Chengbing , Xiao Bihua , Hu Xianhai , Xian Yuxi , Wang Ping , Yang Yuqing , Luo Xiang , Li Mingjun , Liu Jin , Ding Yunsheng , Xu Pei , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn amino‐hydroxy‐functionalized strongly fluorescent hybrid silicon quantum dots (znoSiQDs) were prepared by a green and simple method. Waterborne polyurethane‐based hybrid fluorescent silicon Quantum dots (znoSiQDs‐WPU) was prepared by a modified acetone method using znoSiQDs as chain extender. The structure and properties were also investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), and so on. ZnoSiQDs was successfully connected to the polyurethane backbone by covalent bonding. ZnoSiQDs‐WPU can effectively shield UV in the range of 300–400 nm. Compared with WPU, the UV shielding range of znoSiQDs‐WPU is significantly larger, attributed to the direct band gap transition Γ → Γ. The fluorescence intensity of znoSiQDs‐WPU was dramatically enhanced compared with that of znoSiQDs. Compared with znoSiQDs, the maximum emission peak of znoSiQDs‐WPU is blue shifted at about 18 nm, which was related to the increased polarity of the imidazole chromophore. The luminous life of znoSiQDs‐WPU is up to 6.58 ns. The thermal stability of znoSiQDs‐WPU is improved by bonding znoSiQDs to the main chains of WPU. Furthermore, it is water as a solvent, especially suitable for safety, green, environment amity of materials.
Three‐dimensional printinghydrogel scaffold with bioactivity and shape‐adaptability for potential application in irregular bone defect regeneration
Authors: Wang Jing , He Meiling , Du Meixuan , Zhu Ce , Jiang Yuling , Zhuang Yi , Qi Lin , Liu Zheng , Li Yubao , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Wang Danqing , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComplex shaped bone defects that need to be filled are very common in clinic. But after filling, gaps are inevitably left between substitutes and host bone due to the poor conformability of preformed implants, hence hindering bone regeneration. Therefore, based on our previous study, we here used the bioink (named PPG) composed of polyurethane, polyacrylamide, and gelatin with optimized composition ratio to three‐dimensionally (3D) print an inorganic/organic composite hydrogel scaffold with self‐expandability to fill irregular bone defects and bioactivity to accelerate bone healing through adjusting the content of bioactive ceramic (BC). The results indicated that, the 3D printed BC/PPG scaffold had a rough surface on each fiber; with the incorporation of BC powders, the composite hydrogel scaffolds in swelling experiments could perform a comparable self‐adaptability to PPG hydrogel scaffold; the bioactive ions including Ca, Mg, and Si could be released from the composite scaffold and induce the rapid deposition of bone‐like apatite. The mechanical tests proved that the BC(10%)/PPG scaffold was the top performer under compression. The in vitro cell assessment illustrated that compared with PPG hydrogel scaffold, the BC/PPG composite scaffolds were more favorable to the proliferation and spreading of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
Antimicrobial polyurethane foams blown by CO2 adducts from polyethylenimines grafted with alkyl quaternary ammonium groups
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Zhi , Da Xiang , Xie Xingyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on previous endeavors on antimicrobial polyurethane (PU) foams and CO2‐releasing environment‐friendly blowing agents, we explored a series of modified polyethylenimine (PEI)–CO2 adducts, serving as both blowing and antimicrobial agents for PUs. For this purpose, a quaternary ammonium chain with a C12 alkyl (C12+), either alone or together with neutral (C8 and C12) alkyls, was grafted onto branched PEI (Mn = 25,000 Da) backbones prior to saturation with CO2. The resultant four CO2 adducts, 5C12+5C8‐, 5C12+5C12‐, 10C12+‐ and 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 (where the number indicates grafting rate in percentage of each side chain), all can well disperse into PU foaming mixtures, generating flexible PU foams with antimicrobial activity. 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 displays the best dispersibility and highest foaming efficiency, while 10C12+‐PEI‐CO2 is the most antimicrobial toward both Gram positive and negative bacteria. The relatively high grafting rate in 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 drives the formation of micelle‐like particles in the foaming system; the outermost hydrophobic chains can somewhat prevent the internal quaternary ammoniums from accessing to the negatively charged cell membrane of bacteria, causing a reduction in antimicrobial efficacy compared with that of 10C12+‐PEI‐CO2. The developed PEI–CO2 adducts might replace the traditional ozone depletion and/or global warming blowing agents, and would show prolonged antimicrobial activity over rapidly leachable small molecule antimicrobial agents.
Skull defect increases the tumor treating fields strength without detrimental thermogenic effect: A computational simulating research
Authors: Jin Taian , Dou Zhangqi , Zhao Yu , Jiang Biao , Xu Jinghong , Zhang Buyi , Wei Boxing , Dong Fei , Zhang Jianmin , Sun Chongran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor treating fields (TTFields) is an FDA‐approved adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma. The distribution of an applied electric field has been shown to be governed by distinct tissue structures and electrical conductivity. Of all the tissues the skull plays a significant role in modifying the distribution of the electric field due to its large impedance. In this study, we studied how remodeling of the skull would affect the therapeutic outcome of TTFields, using a computational approach.MethodsHead models were created from the head template ICBM152 and five realistic head models. The electric field distribution was simulated using the default TTFields array layout. To study the impact of the skull on the electric field, we compared three cases, namely, intact skull, defective skull, and insulating process, wherein a thin electrical insulating layer was added between the transducer and the hydrogel. The electric field strength and heating power were calculated using the FEM (finite element method).ResultsRemoving the skull flap increased the average field strength at the tumor site, without increasing the field strength of “brain”. The ATVs of the supratentorial tumors were enhanced significantly. Meanwhile, the heating power of the gels increased, especially those overlapping the skull defect site. Insulation lightly decreased the electric field strength and significantly decreased the heating power in deep tumor models.ConclusionOur simulation results showed that a skull defect was beneficial for superficial tumors but had an adverse effect on deep tumors. Skull removal should be considered as an optional approach in future TTFields therapy to enhance its efficacy. An insulation process could be used as a joint option to reduce the thermogenic effect of skull defect. If excessive increase in heating power is observed in certain patients, insulating material could be used to mitigate overheating without sacrificing the therapeutic effect of TTFields.
Interfacial Synthesis of Nylon‐6,6 and Its Modification with Silver‐Based Nanoparticles at the Electrified Liquid‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Kowalewska Karolina , Sipa Karolina , Kaczmarek Katarzyna , Skrzypek Sławomira , Poltorak Lukasz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of Nylon‐6.6 together with silver nanoparticles (presumably Ag2O, Ag NPs) was carried out at a polarized liquid‐liquid interface (LLI). The reduction of silver ions to Ag‐NPs was driven by an electrochemically controlled electron transfer reaction between silver cations initially dissolved in the aqueous phase and ferrocene species present in the organic phase. The formation of Ag2O is assumed to originate from Ag+ precipitation to AgOH further converted into Ag2O. The polyamide formation was derived from the interfacial polycondensation reaction happening between 1,6‐diaminohexane and adipoyl chloride. We studied the possibility to form given material simultaneously (interfacial polycondensation and Ag+ reduction occurring in one step) and sequentially (electrochemical Ag+ reduction by ferrocene from the organic phase was performed after polyamide deposition). The Ag‐based NPs‐polyamide material was synthesized at the macroscopic and microscopic LLI. As the support for the latter, fiberglass membranes was used. The resulting material was characterized by infra‐red (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Pseudo‐Octahedral Iron(II) Complexes with Near‐Degenerate Charge Transfer and Ligand Field States at the Franck‐Condon Geometry
Authors: Moll Johannes , Naumann Robert , Sorge Lukas , Förster Christoph , Gessner Niklas , Burkhardt Lukas , Ugur Naz , Nuernberger Patrick , Seidel Wolfram , Ramanan Charusheela , Bauer Matthias , Heinze Katja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreasing the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state lifetime of polypyridine iron(II) complexes can be achieved by lowering the ligand's π* orbital energy and by increasing the ligand field splitting. In the homo‐ and heteroleptic complexes [Fe(cpmp)2]2+(12+) and [Fe(cpmp)(ddpd)]2+(22+) with the tridentate ligands 6,2’’‐carboxypyridyl‐2,2’‐methylamine‐pyridyl‐pyridine (cpmp) andN,N’‐dimethyl‐N,N’‐di‐pyridin‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine (ddpd) two or one dipyridyl ketone moieties provide low energy π* acceptor orbitals. A good metal‐ligand orbital overlap to increase the ligand field splitting is achieved by optimizing the octahedricity through CO and NMe units between the coordinating pyridines which enable the formation of six‐membered chelate rings. The push‐pull ligand cpmp provides intra‐ligand and ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (ILCT, LL'CT) excited states in addition to MLCT excited states. Ground and excited state properties of12+and22+were accessed by X‐ray diffraction analyses, resonance Raman spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy, static and time‐resolved IR and UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations.
Multistep Continuous Flow Synthesis of Isolable NH2‐Sulfinamidines via Nucleophilic Addition to Transient Sulfurdiimide
Authors: Andresini Michael , Carret Sébastien , Degennaro Leonardo , Ciriaco Fulvio , Poisson Jean‐François , Luisi Renzo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growing interest in novel sulfur pharmacophores led to recent advances in the synthesis of some S(IV) and S(VI) motifs. However, preparation and isolation of uncommon primary sulfinamidines, the aza‐analogues of sulfinamides, is highly desirable. Here we report a multistep continuous flow synthesis of poorly explored NH2‐sulfinamidines by nucleophilic attack of organometallic reagents to in situ prepared N‐(trimethylsilyl)‐N‐trityl‐λ4‐sulfanediimine (Tr−N=S=N−TMS). The transformation can additionally be realized under mild conditions, at room temperature, via a highly chemoselective halogen‐lithium exchange of aryl bromides and iodides with n‐butyllithium. Moreover, the synthetic potential of the methodology was assessed by exploring further manipulations of the products and accessing novel S(IV) analogues of celecoxib, tasisulam, and relevant sulfinimidoylureas.
Dihydrogen Activation with a Neutral, Intermolecular Silicon(IV)‐Amine Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Thorwart Thaddäus , Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen constitutes the hallmark reaction of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). While being well‐established for planar Lewis acids, such as boranes or silylium ions, the observation of the primary H2 splitting products with non‐planar Lewis acid FLPs remained elusive. In the present work, we report bis(perfluoro‐N‐phenyl‐ortho‐amidophenolato)silane and its application in dihydrogen activation to a fully characterized hydridosilicate. The strict design of the Lewis acid, the limited selection of the Lewis base, and the distinct reaction conditions emphasize the narrow tolerance to achieve this fascinating process with a tetrahedral Lewis acid.
DNA‐PAINT Super‐Resolution Imaging for Characterization of Nucleic Acid Nanostructures
Authors: Dai Zheze , Xie Xiaodong , Gao Zhaoshuai , Li Qian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous nucleic acid nanostructures of unique addressability and programmability have been fabricated for emerging applications. Structural characterization with atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy can provide information on the structural morphology and precision of these nanostructures. However, either structural information of native nucleic acid nanostructures in hydrated environment or the availability of addressable sites on these nanostructures could not be determined. Alternatively, DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA‐PAINT) enables direct optical visualization of nucleic acid nanostructures in native forms, as well as evaluation of the accessibility of addressable sites on them. In this Review, the working principle of DNA‐PAINT is introduced, followed by the summary on advances of DNA‐PAINT characterization of various nucleic acid nanostructures. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for DNA‐PAINT characterization are presented. We envision DNA‐PAINT to be a potent characterization tool for functional nanomaterials.
Empathy for others versus for one's child: Associations with mothers’ brain activation during a social cognitive task and with their toddlers’ functioning
Authors: Ojha Amar , Miller Jonas G. , King Lucy S. , Davis Elena G. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaregivers who are higher in dispositional empathy tend to have children with better developmental outcomes; however, few studies have considered the role of child‐directed (i.e., “parental”) empathy, which may be relevant for the caregiver–child relationship. We hypothesized that mothers’ parental empathy during their child's infancy will be a stronger predictor of their child's social‐emotional functioning as a toddler than will mothers’ dispositional empathy. We further explored whether parental and dispositional empathy have shared or distinct patterns of neural activation during a social‐cognitive movie‐watching task. In 118 mother–infant dyads, greater parental empathy assessed when infants were 6 months old was associated with more social‐emotional competencies and fewer problems in the children 1 year later, even after adjusting for dispositional empathy. In contrast, dispositional empathy was not associated with child functioning when controlling for parental empathy. In a subset of 20 mothers, insula activation was positively associated with specific facets of both dispositional and parental empathy, whereas right temporoparietal junction activation was associated only with parental empathy. Thus, dispositional and parental empathy appear to be dissociable by both brain and behavioral metrics. Parental empathy may be a viable target for interventions, especially for toddlers at risk for developing social‐emotional difficulties.
Leaf NPK stoichiometry, δ15N, and apparent nutrient limitation of co‐occurring carnivorous and noncarnivorous plants
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Shiba Zackary W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious meta‐analyses suggested that carnivorous plants—despite access to N, P, and K from prey—have significantly lower leaf concentrations of these nutrients than noncarnivores. Those studies, however, largely compared carnivores in nutrient‐poor habitats with noncarnivores in more nutrient‐rich sites, so that the differences reported might reflect habitat differences as much as differences in nutrient‐capture strategy. Here we examine three carnivorous and 12 noncarnivorous plants in the same nutrient‐poor bog to compare their foliar nutrient concentrations, assess their patterns of nutrient limitation using leaf NPK stoichiometry, and estimate percentage N derived from prey by carnivores using a mixing model for stable N isotopes. We hypothesized that (1) carnivore leaf nutrient concentrations approach or exceed those of noncarnivores in the same nutrient‐poor habitat; (2) species in different functional groups show different patterns of stoichiometry and apparent nutrient limitation; and (3) noncarnivores might show evidence of using other means of nutrient acquisition or conservation to reduce nutrient limitation. At Fallison Bog in northern Wisconsin, carnivorous plants (Drosera rotundifolia, Sarracenia purpurea, Utricularia macrorhiza) showed significantly lower leaf percentage C and N:P ratio, higher δ15N, and no difference from noncarnivores in leaf N, P, K, and δ13C. Sedges had significantly lower leaf percentage P, percentage C, and N:K ratio, and higher K:P ratio than nonsedges restricted to the Sphagnum mat, and may tap peat N via aerenchyma‐facilitated peat oxidation (oxipeditrophy). Evergreen ericaceous shrubs exhibited significantly higher levels of percentage C and lower values of δ15N than mat nonericads. Calla palustris—growing in the nutrient‐rich moat at the bog's upland edge—had very high values of leaf N, K, δ15N, and N:P ratio, suggesting that it may obtain nutrients from minerotrophic flows from the adjacent uplands and/or rapidly decaying peat. Stoichiometric analyses indicated that most species are N limited. A mixing model applied to δ15N values for carnivores, noncarnivores, and insects produced an estimate of 50% of leaf N derived from prey for Utricularia, 42% for Sarracenia, and 41% for Drosera.
Blind detection for spatial modulation uplink multi‐user massive MIMO communications: A sparse Bayesian learning‐expectation maximization approach
Authors: Khanzadeh Roya , Naeiny Mahmoud Ferdosizade 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMassive spatial modulation (SM) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) system is a promising technique in uplink communications for future mobile communication, due to its power and spectral efficiencies. However, these systems, like other MIMO communications, face the challenge of channel estimation. Pilot‐based channel estimation methods result in data rate reduction as well as imposing additional complexity at the receiver side, which is intensified in time‐varying channels. Therefore, blind channel estimation is an alternative way to avoid pilot transmission. Considering a time‐varying channel and taking the advantages of machine learning techniques, blind channel estimation and data detection for SM uplink multi‐user massive MIMO communications is presented in this article. In this regard, a blind multi‐user detection based on the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm, called BMU‐EM, is presented first; however, this detector suffers from high computational complexity. In order to mitigate the complexity problem, a blind multi‐user detection based on sparse Bayesian learning and expectation‐maximization, called BMU‐SBEM, is proposed. Simulation results show that the BMU‐SBEM detector performs almost close to the optimum detector where the perfect channel information is available. Furthermore, the computational complexity of the BMU‐SBEM detector increases linearly with the number of users, making it suitable for massive communications in time‐varying channels.
Averaging quantiles, variance shrinkage, and overconfidence
Authors: Cooke Roger M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAveraging quantiles as a way of combining experts' judgments is studied both mathematically and empirically. Quantile averaging is equivalent to taking the harmonic mean of densities evaluated at quantile points. A variance shrinkage law is established between equal and harmonic weighting. Data from 49 post‐2006 studies are extended to include harmonic weighting in addition to equal and performance‐based weighting. It emerges that harmonic weighting has the highest average information and degraded statistical accuracy. The hypothesis that the quantile average is statistically accurate would be rejected at the 5% level in 28 studies and at the 0.1% level in 15 studies. For performance weighting, these numbers are 3 and 1, for equal weighting 2 and 1.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: The association between emotional intelligence and subjective well‐being in adolescents
Authors: Llamas‐Díaz Desirée , Cabello Rosario , Megías‐Robles Alberto , Fernández‐Berrocal Pablo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmotional intelligence (EI) is a psychological protective factor that can improve subjective well‐being (WB) in adolescents. This study aims to establish the overall relationship between different EI models (performance‐based ability model, self‐report ability model, and self‐report mixed model) and subjective WB in adolescents, analyze the affective WB and cognitive WB components, and examine the moderating effect of EI models on both types of subjective WB.MethodWe searched PsycINFO and WOS databases. Eligible studies reported an association between EI and subjective WB in adolescents aged 10–19 years using instruments that directly measure subjective WB. In addition, two meta‐analyses were conducted, one for the relationship between EI and affective WB and the other for EI and cognitive WB.ResultsA total of 41 studies were included, of which 37 were pooled in the meta‐analyses. We found a significant positive relationship between EI and affective WB (estimated effect size = 0.35) and between EI and cognitive WB (estimated effect size = 0.27). Regarding EI models, self‐report ability showed an estimated effect size of 0.33 for affective WB and 0.27 for cognitive WB. For the self‐report mixed model, we obtained an estimated effect size of 0.42 for affective WB and 0.37 for cognitive WB.ConclusionsEstablishing a quantitative relationship between EI and subjective WB makes it possible to implement clinical and educational prevention measures. Introducing EI training in educational and clinical settings can increase subjective WB, significantly impacting the prevention of emotional disorders in adolescents.
Burn characterization using object‐oriented hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Parasca Sorin Viorel , Calin Mihaela Antonina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach based on hyperspectral imaging combined with an object‐oriented classification method that allows the generation of burn depth classification maps facilitating easier characterization of burns. Hyperspectral images of 14 patients diagnosed with burns on the upper and lower limbs were acquired using a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system. The images were analyzed using an object‐oriented classification approach that uses objects with specific spectral, textural and spatial attributes as the minimum unit for classifying information. The method performance was evaluated in terms of overall accuracy, sensitivity, precision and specificity computed from the confusion matrix. The results revealed that the approach proposed in this study performed well in differentiating burn classes with a high level of overall accuracy (95.99% ± 0.60%), precision (97.30% ± 2.46%), sensitivity (97.23% ± 3.02%) and specificity (98.02% ± 1.98%). In conclusion, the object‐based approach for burns hyperspectral images classification can provide maps that can help surgeons identify with better precision different depths of burn wounds.