bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence difficulty scoring system for stone removal during ERCP: a prospective validation
Authors: Huang Li , Xu Youming , Chen Jie , Liu Feng , Wu Deqing , Zhou Wei , Wu Lianlian , Pang Tingting , Huang Xu , Zhang Kuo , Yu Honggang 
Published: May 2022

Background A computer-assisted (CAD) system was developed to assess, score, and classify the technical difficulty of common bile duct (CBD) stone removal during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The efficacy of the CAD system was subsequently assessed through a multicenter, prospective, observational study.
Method All patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Based on cholangiogram images, the CAD system analyzed the level of difficulty of stone removal and classified it into “difficult” and “easy” groups. Subsequently, differences in clinical endpoints, including attempts at stone extraction, stone extraction time, total operation time, and stone clearance rates were compared between the two groups.
Results 173 patients with CBD stones from three hospitals were included in the study. The group classified as difficult by CAD had more extraction attempts (7.20 vs. 4.20, P < 0.001), more frequent machine lithotripsy (30.4 % vs. 7.1 %, P < 0.001), longer stone extraction time (16.59 vs. 7.69 minutes, P < 0.001), lower single-session stone clearance rate (73.9 % vs. 94.5 %, P < 0.001), and lower total stone clearance rate (89.1 % vs. 97.6 %, P = 0.019) compared with the group classified as easy by CAD.
Conclusion The CAD system effectively assessed and classified the degree of technical difficulty in endoscopic stone extraction during ERCP. In addition, it automatically provided a quantitative evaluation of CBD and stones, which in turn could help endoscopists to apply suitable procedures and interventional methods to minimize the possible risks associated with endoscopic stone removal.
Broadband polarization insensitivity and high detection efficiency in high-fill-factor superconducting microwire single-photon detectors
Authors: Reddy Dileep V. , Otrooshi Negar , Nam Sae Woo , Mirin Richard P. , Verma Varun B. 
Published: May 2022

Single-photon detection via absorption in current-biased nanoscale superconducting structures has become a preferred technology in quantum optics and related fields. Single-mode fiber packaged devices have seen new records set in detection efficiency, timing jitter, recovery times, and the largest sustainable count rates. The popular approaches to decreasing polarization sensitivity have resorted to the deposition of a high-index dielectric layer in between the nanowires or the introduction of geometrically symmetric nanowire meanders, such as spirals and fractals, in the active area. The former method yields limited success, while constraints on bending radii, and by extension fill factors in the latter limits their maximum efficiency. The discovery of single-photon sensitivity in micrometer-scale superconducting wires enables novel meander patterns with no effective upper limit on the fill factor. This work demonstrates simultaneous low-polarization sensitivity (1.02 ± 0.008) and high detection efficiency (&gt;91.8% to better than one standard deviation at 2 × 105 counts/s) across a 40 nm bandwidth centered at 1550 nm in 0.51 μm wide microwire devices made of silicon-rich tungsten silicide, sporting a new candelabra-style meander pattern with a fill factor of 0.91 in the active area. These devices boasted efficiencies of 96.5%–96.9% ± 0.5% at 1 × 105 counts/s for 1550 nm light.
Phylogeography and evolutionary dynamism of marine gastropods from the Lord Howe Island Group
Authors: Colgan Donald J. , Woods Caitlin L. 
Published: May 2022

Context There has been considerable interest in the biogeography of the marine fauna of the Lord Howe Island Group (LHIG) lying ~580 km from continental Australia. Most phylogenetic studies of the group’s marine taxa have included few specimens, limiting their phylogeographic perspective. Aims This investigation was conducted to enhance understanding of the phylogeographic relationships of the LHIG, especially with temperate Australia. Methods The investigation used mitochondrial DNA sequences of the muricid subfamily Ergalataxinae, especially Tenguella, which has a broad distribution in the Indo-West Pacific, and two other gastropod genera, Cellana and Bembicium, each proposed to have endemic species in the LHIG. Key results Most species of LHIG Ergalataxinae have recent genetic connections with tropical landmasses, but Tenguella marginalba is closely related to temperate mainland conspecifics. The endemic taxa Cellana howensis and Bembicium flavescens respectively, have tropical and southern temperate affinities. Conclusions The most recent common ancestors (MCRAs) of LHIG specimens of each of B. flavescens, C. howensis and T. marginalba all date from long after the archipelago’s emergence. Implications The studied species may have arrived only recently on the archipelago. Alternatively, their estimated MCRAs may be due to recent demographic bottlenecks or selective sweeps influenced by Pleistocene environmental changes.
Exciton dynamics and photoresponse behavior of the in situ annealed CsSnBr3 perovskite films synthesized by thermal evaporation
Authors: Jia Junlin , Wang Ruibin , Mu Haichuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The CsSnBr3 photodetectors are fabricated by thermal evaporation and 75 °C in situ annealing, and the effect of in situ annealing on the morphology, structure, exciton dynamics and photoresponse of thermally evaporated CsSnBr3 films are investigated. Especially, temperature dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and transient PL decaying have been analyzed in details for understanding the exciton dynamics. Meanwhile, effect of annealing on the activation energy for trap sites (E
a), exciton binding energy (E
b), activation energy for interfacial trapped carriers (ΔE), trap densities and carriers mobilities are studied and the annealed (A-CsSnBr3) reveals obviously lower E
b and trap density together with notably higher carrier mobility than those of the unannealed (UA-CsSnBr3). Temperature dependence of the integrated PL intensity can be ascribed to the combining effect of the exciton dissociation, exciton quenching through trap sites and thermal activation of trapped carriers. The temperature dependent transient PL decaying analysis indicates that the PL decaying mechanism at low and high temperature is totally different from that in intermediate temperature range, in which combing effect of free exciton and localized state exciton decaying prevail. The beneficial effects of the in situ annealing on the photoresponse performance of the CsSnBr3 films can be demonstrated by the remarkable enhancement of the optimal responsivity (R) after in situ annealing which increases from less than 1 A W−1 to 1350 A W−1 as well as dramatically improved noise equivalent power, specific detectivity D* and Gain (G).
Ground-state properties of an electron-phonon coupled quantum wire within the dynamic mean-field approximation
Authors: Puttar Devi , Verma Vishal , Garg Vinayak , Moudgil R K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the ground-state properties of an electron-phonon (e-ph) coupled quantum wire in which the effect of coupling between longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and the wire electrons is considered, in addition to the conventional electron-electron (e-e) interactions. The e-ph coupling is included through the Fröhlich interaction potential and the dynamics of electron correlations using the quantum (dynamic) version of self-consistent mean-field approximation of Singwi et al (the qSTLS approach). Numerical results for static structure factor, pair-correlation function and static density susceptibility are presented over a wide range of electron number density parameter r

s
. We find that the electrons undergo Wigner crystallization at a critical electron density parameter r

s

c
owing to the dynamics of severely correlated electrons. Notably at a fixed wire width, the inclusion of e-ph coupling tends to increase the value of r

s

c
significantly in comparison to a situation in which only the e-e interactions are considered. Besides this, we compute the plasmon-phonon (pl-ph) coupled modes and the energy contribution of e-ph interactions (E

e−ph
) to the ground-state energy of the quantum wire, also known as polaronic energy. We find that pl-ph coupled modes resonantly split into two branches, and ∣E

e−ph
∣ monotonically increases with rise in r

s
then becomes almost constant as

r

s

→

r

s

c

. Wherever interesting, we compare our results with the static STLS theory and the lattice regularized diffusion Monte Carlo (LRDMC) simulation data of Casula et al.
High sensitivity metal-insulator-metal sensor based on ring-hexagonal resonator with a couple of square cavities connected
Authors: Aghaei Fatemeh , Bahador Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The necessity for cheaper and more efficient sensors has been the main motivation for the use of Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) sensors. In this paper, a micro-dimensional refractive index MIM sensor based on surface plasmon polaritons is presented. This sensor has a ring-hexagonal resonator and a pair of squares-ring resonators that are connected to each other. For the proposed structure, magnetic field profile, transmission spectrum, and important sensor parameters such as sensitivity are obtained through the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. By optimizing the dimensions of the resonators, we achieved a sensitivity equivalent to 2115 nm/RIU in the first mode and 2180 nm/RIU in the second mode. The FOM values for the first and second modes were 118.25 RIU−1 and 120.208 RIU−1, respectively. The results show that the ring-hexagonal resonator significantly improves the sensor parameters in both modes. These enhancements can be considered unique due to the simple structure presented and as a result the reduction of construction costs.
Linear low energy excitations in fully-connected models of glasses
Authors: Franz Silvio , Nicoletti Flavio , Ricci-Tersenghi Federico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the linear excitations around typical energy minima of a mean-field disordered model with continuous degrees of freedom undergoing a random first order transition. Contrary to naive expectations, the spectra of linear excitations are ungapped and we find the presence of a pseudogap corresponding to localized excitations with arbitrary low excitation energy. Moving to deeper minima in the landscape, the excitations appear increasingly localized while their abundance decreases. Beside typical minima, there also exist rare ultra-stable minima, with an energy gap and no localised excitations.
Influence of rotational speed on the collision of mechanically plated galvanized layers based on discrete element method
Authors: Hao Chaoyang , Wang Shengmin , Zhao Xiaojun , Gao Kai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A discrete-element numerical simulation method was used to investigate the effect of plating barrel speed on the density of the galvanized layer during mechanical galvanizing. The motion behavior between the impact medium and the substrate in the plating barrel at five rotational speeds (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 rpm) was investigated. Laws of collision and contact force variation between the substrate and the impact medium were obtained. The average thickness, relative density, and average deviation of thickness of the galvanized layer specimens were obtained at the same rotational speed. The results were compared with those obtained from the simulation. The increase in barrel rotational speed decreased the number of contacts between the impact medium and the substrate, but made the change in the number of collisions more regular. This was conducive to a regular force on the zinc powder particles and made the galvanized layer more uniform and dense. The contact force between the impact medium and the substrate increased with an increase in barrel speed. At 20 rpm, the impact medium could not provide enough contact force to melt the zinc powder particles into the substrate surface. Contact force increased abnormally at 60 rpm, which caused some of the zinc powder particles that were attached to the surface of the substrate to fall off, which affected the plating thickening. The average thickness, relative density, and average deviation of the galvanized layer in the comparison test were consistent with the simulation results. From 30 to 50 rpm, the relative density of the galvanized layer increased with an increase in speed. The average thickness and relative density of the obtained galvanized layer were highest and the average deviation of the thickness was lowest at a barrel speed of 50 rpm. The relative density and uniformity of the galvanized layers were optimized.
Study of a 105 GHz short-pulse dummy load for the electron cyclotron resonance heating system with the quasi-optical method
Authors: XIONG Shouqi , XIA Donghui , HUANG Mei , CHEN Gangyu , WENG Wenting , FAN Guoyao , PAN Yuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The accurate power measurement is important for an ECRH system in tokamak. The dummy load is designed and developed for the measurement of the millimeter wave power. This work analyzes the dummy load based on the quasi-optical method and the ray tracing method. The reflectivity and thermal deposition of the dummy load have been considered to ensure the safety of the entire system. High-power tests have been carried out at a 105 GHz/500 kW ECRH system. The results of the tests indicate that the designed dummy load is stable and valid.
Development and implementation of pharmacy department and pharmacy resident well-being programs
Authors: Pillinger Kelly E , Treptow Carissa F , Dick Travis B , Jones Courtney M C , Acquisto Nicole M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Burnout in healthcare can have serious consequences, as it decreases patient care quality. Recent studies have found pharmacy employees have high rates of burnout, but formalized pharmacy well-being programs are not reported in the literature.

Methods
We developed a departmental pharmacy well-being program and focused residency well-being program in October and July 2020, respectively. The program committees sent anonymous surveys to all pharmacy employees to identify opportunities to improve well-being. The feasibility and impact of ideas were assessed by committee members and presented to pharmacy leadership who endorsed and supported all proposed initiatives prior to implementation. Pharmacist distress scores were measured using the Well-Being Index (WBI).

Results
The WBI was completed by 49% of invited pharmacists (137 of 278) in November 2020 and 41% (116 of 283) in June 2021. There was a numerical improvement in mean (SD) WBI scores from 2.06 (2.47) in November 2020 to 1.52 (2.49) in June 2021 (P = 0.09). Pharmacy residents had significantly higher distress scores than nonresident pharmacists (P = 0.01). However, pharmacy resident scores improved by almost 50% between the 2 time points, from 4.43 (2.13) to 2.40 (2.42); P = 0.03.

Conclusion
The development of a system-wide pharmacy well-being program creates a structure to collect ideas from employees, implement well-being initiatives, measure burnout using a validated tool such as the WBI, and continue to build, evaluate, and adapt new interventions. Importantly, the program went beyond addressing individual needs and addressed institutional opportunities that impact well-being. This can serve as a model for other pharmacy departments looking to implement similar programs.
Uterine NK cell functions at maternal-fetal interface
Authors: Xu Xiuxiu , Zhou Yonggang , Fu Binqing , Wei Haiming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring pregnancy, maternal decidual tissue interacts with fetal trophoblasts. They constitute the maternal-fetal interface responsible for supplying nutrition to the fetus. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the most abundant immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy and play critical roles throughout pregnancy. This review provides current knowledge about the functions of uNK cells. uNK cells have been shown to facilitate remodeling of the spiral artery, control the invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells, contribute to the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance, protect against pathogen infection, and promote fetal development. Pregnancy-trained memory of uNK cells improves subsequent pregnancy outcomes. In addition, this review describes the distinct functions of three uNK cell subsets: CD27−CD11b−, CD27+, and CD27−CD11b+ uNK cells.
Vestibular/ocular motor symptoms in concussed adolescents are linked to retrosplenial activation
Authors: Manelis Anna , Lima Santos João Paulo , Suss Stephen J. , Holland Cynthia L. , Stiffler Richelle S. , Bitzer Hannah B. , Mailliard Sarrah , Shaffer Madelyn A. , Caviston Kaitlin , Collins Michael W. , Phillips Mary L. , Kontos Anthony P. , Versace Amelia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFollowing concussion, adolescents often experience vestibular and ocular motor symptoms as well as working memory deficits that may affect their cognitive, academic and social well-being. Complex visual environments including school activities, playing sports, or socializing with friends may be overwhelming for concussed adolescents suffering from headache, dizziness, nausea and fogginess, thus imposing heightened requirements on working memory to adequately function in such environments. While understanding the relationship between working memory and vestibular/ocular motor symptoms is critically important, no previous study has examined how an increase in working memory task difficulty affects the relationship between severity of vestibular/ocular motor symptoms and brain and behavioural responses in a working memory task. To address this question, we examined 80 adolescents (53 concussed, 27 non-concussed) using functional MRI while performing a 1-back (easy) and 2-back (difficult) working memory tasks with angry, happy, neutral and sad face distractors. Concussed adolescents completed the vestibular/ocular motor screening and were scanned within 10 days of injury. We found that all participants showed lower accuracy and slower reaction time on difficult (2-back) versus easy (1-back) tasks (P-values &lt; 0.05). Concussed adolescents were significantly slower than controls across all conditions (P &lt; 0.05). In concussed adolescents, higher vestibular/ocular motor screening total scores were associated with significantly greater differences in reaction time between 1-back and 2-back across all distractor conditions and significantly greater differences in retrosplenial cortex activation for the 1-back versus 2-back condition with neutral face distractors (P-values &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that processing of emotionally ambiguous information (e.g. neutral faces) additionally increases the task difficulty for concussed adolescents. Post-concussion vestibular/ocular motor symptoms may reduce the ability to inhibit emotionally ambiguous information during working memory tasks, potentially affecting cognitive, academic and social functioning in concussed adolescents.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen-specific T-cell responses in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Esmael Ahmed , Abebe Tamrat , Mihret Adane , Mussa Daniel , Neway Sebsib , Ernst Joel , Rengarajan Jyothi , Wassie Liya , Howe Rawleigh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite recent improvements in microbial detection, smear-negative TB remains a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we investigated the potential discriminatory role of polychromatic flow cytometry of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific T cells to discriminate smear-negative TB from health controls with or without latent TB infection, and non-TB respiratory illnesses in an endemic setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV negative, newly diagnosed smear-positive PTB (n = 34), smear-negative/GeneXpert negative PTB (n = 29) patients, non-TB patients with respiratory illness (n = 33) and apparently healthy latent TB infected (n = 30) or non-infected (n = 23) individuals. The expression of activation (HLA-DR, CD-38), proliferation (Ki-67), and functional (IFN-γ, TNF-α) T-cell markers using polychromatic flow cytometry was defined after stimulation with PPD antigens. Sputum samples were collected and processed from all patients for Mtb detection using a concentrated microscopy, LJ/MGIT culture, and RD9 typing by PCR. Our study showed CD4 T cells specific for PPD co-expressed activation/proliferation markers together with induced cytokines IFN-γ or TNF-α were present at substantially higher levels among patients with smear-positive and smear-negative pulmonary TB than among healthy controls and to a lesser extent among patients with non-TB illness. Our study conclude that smear-negative TB can be distinguished from non-TB respiratory illness and healthy controls with a flow cytometric assay for PPD-specific T cells co-expressing activation/proliferation markers and cytokines.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal new insights into the role of abscisic acid in modulating mango fruit ripening
Authors: Wu Shibo , Wu Di , Song Juan , Zhang Yanyu , Tan Qing , Yang Tianquan , Yang Jingya , Wang Songbiao , Xu Jianchu , Xu Wei , Liu Aizhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a climacteric tropical fruit consumed around the world. Although ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have been considered to be stimulators that trigger mango fruit ripening, their regulation mechanisms in modulating mango fruit ripening remain uncertain. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome data combined with a series of physiological and experimental analyses in the ‘Keitt’ mango, and we characterized changes in accumulation of specific metabolites at different stages during fruit development and ripening, which were strongly correlated with transcriptional changes and embodied physiological changes as well as taste formation. Specifically, we found that ABA, rather than ethylene, was highly associated with mango ripening, and exogenous ABA application promoted mango fruit ripening. Transcriptomic analysis identified diverse ripening-related genes involved in sugar and carotenoid biosynthesis and softening-related metabolic processes. Furthermore, networks of ABA- and ripening-related genes (such as MiHY5, MiGBF4, MiABI5, and MibZIP9) were constructed, and the direct regulation by the key ABA-responsive transcription factor MiHY5 of ripening-related genes was experimentally confirmed by a range of evidence. Taken together, our results indicate that ABA plays a key role in directly modulating mango fruit ripening through MiHY5, suggesting the need to reconsider how we understand ABA function in modulating climacteric fruit ripening.