bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated colonization of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa viewed through freezing resistance and ice management strategies
Authors: Kaplenig D. , Bertel C. , Arc E. , Villscheider R. , Ralser M. , Kolář F. , Wos G. , Hülber K. , Kranner I. , Neuner G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Success or failure of plants to cope with freezing temperatures can critically influence plant distribution and adaptation to new habitats. Especially in alpine environments, frost is a likely major selective force driving adaptation. In Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée, alpine populations have evolved independently in different mountain ranges, enabling studying mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation to alpine environments.
We tested for heritable, parallel differentiation in freezing resistance, cold acclimation potential and ice management strategies using eight alpine and eight foothill populations. Plants from three European mountain ranges (Niedere Tauern, Făgăraș and Tatra Mountains) were grown from seeds of tetraploid populations in four common gardens, together with diploid populations from the Tatra Mountains. Freezing resistance was assessed using controlled freezing treatments and measuring effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and ice management strategies by infrared video thermography and cryomicroscopy.
The alpine ecotype had a higher cold acclimation potential than the foothill ecotype, whereby this differentiation was more pronounced in tetraploid than diploid populations. However, no ecotypic differentiation was found in one region (Făgăraș), where the ancient lineage had a different evolutionary history. Upon freezing, an ice lens within a lacuna between the palisade and spongy parenchyma tissues was formed by separation of leaf tissues, a mechanism not previously reported for herbaceous species.
The dynamic adjustment of freezing resistance to temperature conditions may be particularly important in alpine environments characterized by large temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, the formation of an extracellular ice lens may be a useful strategy to avoid tissue damage during freezing.
Near‐optimal control of a stochastic model for mountain pine beetles with pesticide application
Authors: Xu Jing , Yu Zhensheng , Zhang Tonghua , Yuan Sanling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, considering the effect of environmental factors such as climate change, temperature and drought on the growth of forests and beetles as well as the pine forests death and economic loss caused by outbreaks of mountain pine beetles, we first develop a stochastic mountain pine beetle model with pesticide application, and then consider its near‐optimal control (NOC) problem. The problem NOC is formulated by decreasing the mountain pine beetles while keeping the cost of pesticide application to a minimum. By Pontryagin stochastic maximum principle, we establish some sufficient and necessary conditions of the near‐optimality. Some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results, which indicate that the pesticide application could effectively control the number of beetles and relieve the pressure from the attacking of beetles on the pines. To some extent, this control strategy could protect the pine forests and reduce economic losses caused by the mountain pine beetles.
Residual effects of agricultural gypsum on soil chemical and microbiological characteristics
Authors: Luiz Marcelo de Souza , Zanão Junior Luiz Antônio , Ribeiro Marina Ronchesel , de Matos Maria Aparecida , Andrade Diva Souza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgricultural gypsum can improve the chemical quality of low fertility soil, providing calcium and sulphur. In this study, we evaluated the effects of agricultural gypsum application at five dosage rates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha−1) on the chemical and microbial soil characteristics of an acid oxisol (0–0.1 m and 0.1–0.2 m layers) and the impact on wheat grain yield. Increasing agricultural gypsum dosage rates increased Ca, S as well as the Ca/Mg ratio and microbial biomass of carbon in the 0–01 m soil layer. In the 0.1–0.2 m soil layer, agricultural gypsum affected organic C (Corg), Ca and the Ca/Mg ratio. The microbial biomass of carbon had positive correlations with most chemical and microbial variables. In the 0–0.1 m soil, the microbial biomass of C and N had negative relationships with arylsulphatase and β‐glucosidase, respectively. At 0.1–0.2 m depth, arylsulphatase activity correlated negatively with Corg and positively with Al. Agricultural gypsum soil amendments increased the microbial biomass of carbon, especially at the highest application rate (12 Mg ha−1). The highest biochemical index activity was found in the 3 Mg ha−1 (0–0.1 m) and 9 Mg ha−1 (0.1–0.2 m) treatments. At 70 months after application, we found that maximum wheat grain yield was rendered by an agricultural gypsum application rate close to 3 Mg ha−1.
Erasing trauma – Erasing indigeneity: How the settler colonial state erased Warlpiri trauma in the wake of the police shooting Kumunjayi Walker
Authors: Scarfe Liz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the rhetoric and discharge of state mental health care provisions in the wake of the police shooting of Kumunjayi Walker reflect the logic of elimination that underpins settler‐colonial societies. Firstly, the use of emotional politics and the diplomacy of sympathy transform the police shooting of an Aboriginal man into a simple loss of life. Secondly, the deployment of psychological services to the community specifically and only for secondary trauma victims not only erased Warlpiri trauma and foregrounded non‐Indigenous trauma, it also positioned Warlpiri people as the cause of non‐Indigenous trauma. Lastly, I explore how narratives in the mental health care sector regarding the state response simultaneously critique and reproduce settler‐colonial elimination. As an arm of the settler‐colonial state, the sector cannot help but be complicit in the ongoing elimination of indigeneity and is not exceptional as a sector in this way. Settler‐colonial attempts at care are inherently characterised by this conflict of interest, which, if there is any way to resolve it, requires a depth of critical reflection beyond politically progressive narratives.
Effects of a community‐driven water, sanitation, and hygiene programme on COVID‐19 symptoms, vaccine acceptance and non‐COVID illnesses: A cluster‐randomised controlled trial in rural Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Croke Kevin , Coville Aidan , Mvukiyehe Eric , Dohou Caleb Jeremie , Zibika Jean‐Paul , Stanus Ghib Luca , Andreottola Michele , Bokasola Yannick Lokaya , Quattrochi John Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) responded to COVID‐19 with policy measures, such as business and school closures and distribution of vaccines, which rely on citizen compliance. In other settings, prior experience with effective government programmes has increased compliance with public health measures. We study the effect of a national water, sanitation, and hygiene programme on compliance with COVID‐19 policies.MethodsPrior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, 332 communities were randomly assigned to the Villages et Écoles Assainis (VEA) programme or control. After COVID‐19 reached DRC, individuals who owned phones (590/1312; 45%) were interviewed by phone three times between May 2020 and August 2021. Primary outcomes were COVID symptoms, non‐COVID illness symptoms, child health, psychological well‐being, and vaccine acceptance. Secondary outcomes included COVID‐19 preventive behaviour and knowledge, and perceptions of governmental performance, including COVID response. All outcomes were self‐reported. Outcomes were compared between treatment and control villages using linear models.ResultsThe VEA programme did not affect respondents' COVID symptoms (−0.11, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.33), non‐COVID illnesses (−0.01, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.03), child health (0.07, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.33), psychological well‐being (−0.05, 95% CI −0.35 to 0.24), or vaccine acceptance (−0.04, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.10). There was no effect on village‐level COVID‐19 preventive behaviour (0.03, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.29), COVID‐19 knowledge (0.16, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.39), or trust in institutions.ConclusionsAlthough the VEA programme increased access to improved water and sanitation, we found no evidence that it increased trust in government or compliance with COVID policies, or reduced illness.
Vitamin K antagonist reversal strategies: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis from the AABB
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Foroutan Farid , Goel Ruchika , Allen Elizabeth S. , Cushing Melissa M. , Garcia David A. , Hopkins Courtney K. , Klein Kimberly , Raval Jay S. , Cohn Claudia S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulation requires urgent reversal in cases of life‐threatening bleeding or invasive procedures.Study Design and MethodsNetwork meta‐analysis for comparing the safety and efficacy of warfarin reversal strategies including plasma and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs).ResultsSeven studies including 594 subjects using reversal agents plasma, 3‐factor‐PCC (Uman Complex and Konyne), and 4‐factor‐PCC (Beriplex/KCentra, Octaplex, and Cofact) met inclusion criteria. Compared with plasma, patients receiving Cofact probably have a higher rate of international normalized ratio (INR) correction (risk difference [RD] 499 more per 1000 patients, 95% confidence interval [CI], 176–761, low certainty[LC]); higher reversal of bleeding (323 more per 1000 patients, 11–344 more, LC); and fewer transfusion requirements (0.96 fewer units, 1.65–0.27 fewer, LC). Patients receiving Beriplex/KCentra probably have a higher rate of INR correction (476 more per 1000 patients, 332–609 more, LC); higher reversal of bleeding (127 more per 1000 patients, 43 fewer to 236 more); and similar transfusion requirements (0.01 fewer units, 0.31 fewer to 0.28 more, high/moderate certainty). Patients receiving Octaplex probably have a higher rate of INR correction (RD 579 more per 1000 patients, 189–825 more, LC).ConclusionsPCCs probably provide an advantage in INR reversal compared to plasma. There was no added risk of adverse events with PCCs.
What is the value of statistical testing of observational data?
Authors: Jeffery Nick D. , Budke Christine M. , Chanoit Guillaume P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStatistical analysis of medical data aims to reveal patterns that can aid in decision making for future cases and, hopefully, improve patient outcomes. Large and bias‐free datasets, such as those produced in formal randomized clinical trials, are necessary to make such analyses as reliable as possible. For a host of reasons, randomized trials are, unfortunately, relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine and surgery, implying that less ideal datasets (mostly observational data) must form the basis for much of our decision making regarding treatment of individual patients under our care. In this review, we first describe the common shortcomings of many observational veterinary datasets when viewed in comparison with their optimal counterparts and highlight how the deficiencies can lead to unreliable conclusions. We illustrate how many of the interpretative problems associated with observational data, predominantly various forms of bias, are not solved, and may even be exacerbated, by statistical analysis. We emphasize the need to examine summary data and its derivation in detail without being lured into relying upon P values to draw conclusions and advocate for completely omitting statistical analysis of many observational datasets. Finally, we present some suggestions for alternative statistical methods, such as propensity scoring and Bayesian methods, which might help reduce the risk of drawing unwarranted, and overconfident, conclusions from imperfect data.
The impact of COVID‐19 on nurse leadership characteristics
Authors: Fowler Karen R. , Robbins Leslie K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse leaders are vital for improving nursing efficiencies and the quality of care that they provide during a crisis and its aftermath. The value of positive leadership characteristics has never been more critical than during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Functioning in a crisis mode required nurse leaders to demonstrate the necessary skills for clear communication and solid leadership. Therefore, nursing leadership, especially in emergencies such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, needs to be transformative in the sense that leaders are informational, motivating, and able to advance the organization, notwithstanding a global pandemic. Timely leadership research during and after COVID‐19 is crucial for filling the literature gap resulting from the unique changes in the nursing profession in the post‐pandemic period.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate leadership characteristics shown by nurse leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and investigate nurses' perceptions of nurse leader effectiveness based on leaders' work roles.MethodsAn exploratory, quantitative study was conducted 18 months after the declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic (June–August 2021). The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X) was sent to registered nurses (RNs) in Texas using the State Board's listing of active RNs. In total, 70 practicing RNs participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate correlational analysis.ResultsPerceived leadership characteristics remained primarily transformational. Nurse directors and executives reported positive leadership characteristics more frequently than did staff and charge nurses.Linking Evidence to ActionSpecific tactics and strategies must be adopted to support nurses and nursing leadership during ongoing healthcare challenges. Close monitoring of leadership characteristics will enable organizations to support and provide educational opportunities for ongoing organizational success.
The Cross-Scale Strengthening-Softening Behavior of Solids With the Pressurized Cylindrical Cell
Authors: Lin Zhongya , Wei Yueguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A lot of research has shown that the strength of nanoparticle composites increases first and then decreases with the decrease of particle size when particle size is at nanoscale, which is the so-called positive-inverse Hall–Petch effects, or called the strengthening-softening characteristic. In this paper, the strengthening-softening behavior of cylindrical nanoparticle composites with periodic distribution of particles is studied. By selecting the representative single cylindrical cell model, the mechanic’s solution is obtained strictly by using the strain gradient viscoelastic theory established previously by the present authors. The results clearly show the strengthening-softening behavior of the nanoparticle composite. In the process of solution, first, the strain gradient elasticity theory is used to strictly solve the problem of the cylindrical cell under uniform external pressure. Then, using the correspondence principle of the strain gradient viscoelastic theory, the solution for the strain gradient viscoelastic theory is obtained through Laplace inversion transformation, and its dependence on the time-space two-scale parameters is analyzed. The results showed a significant positive-inverse Hall–Petch effects.
Evolution of Electroplated Cubic Boron Nitride Tool Surface Texture Parameters During Point Grinding
Authors: Pietrow Nikita , Curtis David , Novovic Donka , McGourlay Jamie , Ghadbeigi Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Point grinding is an abrasive machining process that utilizes small diameter superabrasive single-layer grinding tools for accurate machining of complex 3D geometries. Due to the small nature of these tools, high wear-rates and uneven wear around the tool circumference present a challenge for their successful application for the finish machining of metallic components. It is, therefore, essential to monitor the surface condition of the point grinding tools, to ensure their safe and reliable operation. In this investigation, the 3D topography evolution of single-layer B126 cubic boron nitride (cBN) point grinding tools was characterized using focus-variation imaging. Given the wealth of information obtained using this method, a decision-matrix methodology was used to identify the most important parameters for monitoring the wear condition of the point grinding tools. Grinding trials were also performed with fixed cutting parameters and varied cutting durations up to 520 mm3 of material removed to assess the evolution of the point grinding tool surfaces over time as a result of wear during grinding of hardened D2 tool steel. The best criteria for the characterization of the surface texture of electroplated cBN point grinding tool surfaces were identified to be the average surface height (Sa), skewness (Ssk), root mean square gradient (Sdq), reduced peak height (Spk), peak material volume (Vmp), and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr). These parameters performed best for direct measurement of point grinding tool surfaces, paving the way for the application of the imaging technique under manufacturing conditions as an on-machine monitoring method for performance assessment.
Design and Control of SLPM-Based Extensible Continuum Arm
Authors: Zhuang Zheming , Zhang Ze , Guan Yuntao , Wei Wei , Li Mi , Tang Zhao , Kang Rongjie , Song Zhibin , Dai Jian S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As an important branch of reconfigurable robots, extensible continuum robots are soft and light, with the flexibility of movement and high adaptability in complex environments. These robots have very broad applications in a variety of fields, including military reconnaissance, geological exploration and rescue operations. In this paper, a high folding ratio, flexible, and compact extensible continuum arm is designed using a novel combination of parallel and deployable mechanisms. We present the spherical-linkage parallel mechanism (SLPM) as a flexure hinge. The analysis suggests that the SLPM is highly flexible and meets the requirements for many DoFs (degrees-of-freedom) needed in various fields. The folding ratio of the SLPM was 72.73. Following this, we present an SLPM compliant module powered by a set of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) springs. These can change the internal elasticity of the module as temperature changes, thereby varying the stiffness. Moreover, the control system is designed to enable real-time cooperation between multiple motors and carries out simulations for deployable motion. The extensible continuum arm prototype was manufactured and its performance was tested in complex environments. From the results, it is shown that the arm can be utilized for rescue during disasters as well as investigation and repair of aircraft engines.
Theoretical and Numerical Research on Heat Transfer Mechanism and Temperature Characteristics of Electric Rotary Alumina Kiln
Authors: Wei Xuesong , Hou Zhengjin , Chen Songying , Fan Baoxin , Fan Ruonan , Lv Wei , Hao Zongrui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electric rotary kiln is one of the key equipment in the chemical industry, which is mainly used for heating materials. In the current research, the heat calculation method of the electric rotary alumina kiln is constructed, and the heat transfer processes in the furnace, the furnace tube, and the furnace tube wall are systematically analyzed. The theoretical model of the electric rotary alumina kiln is established and solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, and the temperature rise curves in the kiln are obtained. The numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the temperature distribution of materials and gases in the furnace tube. It is revealed in the results that the temperature distribution of the electric rotary alumina kiln is more uniform than that of the internal rotary kiln, and the stable operation state can be reached in a very short time, which means that reduced furnace tube length and reduced production cost can be achieved under the same roasting requirements.
Macrostratigraphy of the Ediacaran System in North America
Authors: Segessenman Daniel C. , Peters Shanan E. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Ediacaran sediments record the termination of Cryogenian “snowball Earth” glaciations, preserve the first occurrences of macroscopic metazoans, and contain one of the largest known negative δ13C excursions (the Shuram-Wonoka). The rock record for the transition between the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic in North America is also physically distinct, with much of the continent characterized by a wide variety of mostly crystalline Proterozoic and Archean rocks overlain by Lower Paleozoic shallow-marine sediments. Here, we present quantitative macrostratigraphic summaries of rock quantity and type using a new comprehensive compilation of Ediacaran geological successions in North America. In keeping with previous results that have identified early Paleozoic burial of the “Great Unconformity” as a major transition in the rock record, we find that the Ediacaran System has greatly reduced areal extent and volume in comparison to the Cambrian and most younger Phanerozoic systems. The closest quantitative analogue to the Ediacaran System in North America is the Permian–Triassic interval, deposited during the culminating assembly and early rifting phases of the supercontinent Pangea. The Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion occurs against the backdrop of the largest increase in carbonate and total rock volume observed in the Ediacaran. The putatively global Gaskiers glaciation (ca. 580–579 Ma), by contrast, has little quantitative expression in these data. Although the importance of Ediacaran time is often framed in the context of glaciation, biological evolution, and geochemical perturbations, the quantitative expressions of rock area, volume, and lithology in the geologic record clearly demark the late Ediacaran to early Cambrian as the most dramatic transition in at least the past 635 m.y. The extent to which the timing and nature of this transition are reflected globally remains to be determined, but we hypothesize that the large expansion in the extent and volume of sedimentation within the Ediacaran, particularly among carbonates, and again from the Ediacaran to the Cambrian, documented here over ~17% of Earth’s present-day continental area, provides important insights into the drivers of biogeochemical and biological evolution at the dawn of animal life.