bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid intelligently initialized particle swarm optimizer with weight factored binary gray wolf optimizer for mitigation of security issues in Internet of Things and sensor nodes
Authors: Agrawal Akhileshwar Prasad , Singh Nanhay 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWith expanding nature of Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions in various application areas, the threat of cyber attacks is looming large. Often for resource constrained IoT nodes, implementation of machine learning based intrusion detection system is not practical, as the feature set to be processed is large in size. In this article, random forest based intelligently initialized hybrid binary particle swarm optimizer (PSO)‐gray wolf optimizer (GWO) is proposed to reduce the dimensions of dataset. The proposed algorithm exploits the concept of relative weights of the leader wolves of GWO to update the positions of particles in PSO. A novel fitness function is also introduced, that includes the key performance metrics for measuring the classification efficiency. Also, a new performance metric is proposed here for commensurate comparison with other related works, which renders the task of comparison effective. For experimental evaluation, the historical dataset NSL‐KDD and the more contemporary DS2OS dataset are both taken into consideration. The proposed work attains accuracy up to 99.61% for NSL‐KDD dataset and 99.79% for DS2OS dataset. The outcomes are better than majority of algorithms and recent related works. Most notably, for increasing the accuracy, the number of features are not compromised and are even reduced to 8 and 5 features, respectively, for NSL‐KDD and DS2OS.
Cycle‐consistentgenerative adversarial network optimized with water strider optimization algorithm fostered intrusion detection framework for securing cloud computing environment
Authors: Preethi BC , Sugitha G , Kavitha G 
Published: December 2022

SummaryCloud computing is the delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. In this article, cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (CCGAN) optimized with water strider optimization (WSO) algorithm fostered intrusion detection system (IDS) is proposed to secure the cloud computing (CC) environment (IDS‐CC‐CCGAN‐WSOA). Initially, the input data's are gathered via NSL‐KDD benchmark dataset. Then it is given to preprocessing. During preprocessing, it debugs the redundancy and missing value is restored using local least squares. Then, the preprocessed output is fed to the feature selection level. The optimum features are compiled utilizing correlation feature selection approach. This optimum features based, the data's are categorized as normal and anomalous data. The weights of this network are optimized by water strider optimization to attain effectual and optimum solution for recognizing the intruders. The proposed approach is executed in MATLAB. The performance metrics is examined to validate the performance of the proposed approach. Finally, the proposed approach attains 13.9367%, 13.268%, and 13.739% higher accuracy analyzed to the existing approaches, such as IDS‐CC‐DBN‐CSSA, IDS‐CC‐DNN‐IGASAA, and IDS‐CC‐MLPNN‐ABC.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks: Structural Design and Emerging Applications
Authors: Ding Xiaojun , Xie Yi , Gao Qiang , Luo Yilin , Chen Jing , Ye Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConstructing well‐organized organic frameworks with tailor‐made functionalities potentially boost multi‐domain applications. Hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) is a category of general and weak intermolecular interactions when compared with covalent bonding or metal‐ligand coordination. Porous frameworks mainly assembled by H‐bonding (named hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks, HOFs) are intrinsically capable of decomposing and regenerating, a distinctive advantage to improve their processability while expanding the applicability. This paper summarizes the basic building concepts of HOFs, including feasible hydrogen bonded motifs, effective molecular structures, and their emerging applications.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Simultaneous Activation of CH4 and CO2 Mediated by Single Group 10 Metal Anions in Gas Phase
Authors: Ying Fei , Wang Linhao , Zhao Chongyang , Xie Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum chemistry calculations predict that besides the reported single metal anion Pt−, Ni− can also mediate the co‐conversion of CO2 and CH4 to form [CH3−M(CO2)−H]– complex, followed by transformation to C−C coupling product [H3CCOO−M−H]− (A), hydrogenation products [H3C−M−OCOH]− (B) and [H3C−M−COOH]−. For Pd−, a fourth product channel leading to PdCO2−…CH4 becomes more competitive. For Ni−, the feed order must be CO2 first, as the weaker donor‐acceptor interaction between Ni− and CH4 increases the C−H activation barrier, which is reduced by [Ni−CO2]−. For Ni−/Pt−, the highly exothermic products A and B are similarly stable with submerged barrier that favors B. The smaller barrier difference between A and B for Ni− suggests the C−C coupling product is more competitive in the presence of Ni− than Pt−. The charge redistribution from M− is the driving force for product B channel. This study adds our understanding of single atomic anions to activate CH4 and CO2 simultaneously.
Synthetic data generation using generative adversarial network for tokamak plasma current quench experiments
Authors: Dave Bhrugu , Patel Sarthak , Shivani Rishi , Purohit Shishir , Chaudhury Bhaskar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeep learning models for identification and subsequent mitigation of tokamak plasma disruption have recently shown great promise for reliable predictions for machines other than the one on which it has been trained. The performance of such artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models strongly depends on the training data. Considering the sparse availability of universal high quality data underscores the requirement for synthetic data for the training of the AI/ML models. Synthetic data generation methods reported in the current literature have limitations in terms of quantity, diversity and preserving the temporal dynamics of the experimental seed data (SD). The article presents generative adversarial networks based procedure capable enough to generate unlimited device‐independent temporal evolution of tokamak plasma current. The synthetic data improves with the employment of the classified SD while retaining the characteristics of the original data. The procedure offers a substantial volume of synthetic data with a very impressive diversity, thereby ensuring the requirements for successful AI/ML model training.
Resisting whiteness: Anti‐racist leadership and professional learning in majority white senior leadership teams in English schools
Authors: Stewart‐Hall Claire , Rabiger Penny , Lander Vini , Grant Viv 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany Senior Leadership Teams (SLTs) are engaging in professional development to nurture explicitly anti‐racist practice. Teachers' knowledge gaps about racism, its traumatic, lasting impact and how racism is generated through schooling persist within a cloak of silence. This small‐scale study explores interview data from senior leaders in English schools, questioning legacies of colour‐evasion and breaking silences to understand the role ‘race’ plays in their schools, appearing exigent due to Black Lives Matter (BLM) movements and the inescapable reality of racism seen in George Floyd's horrific murder. Using Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) as theoretical tools, we explore negotiations and challenges of leading anti‐racist work in systems favouring whiteness as the norm. Findings show senior leaders undertaking the Anti‐Racist School Award (ARSA) and/or Race, Identity and School Leadership (RISL) programme are novice ‘race’ practitioners, despite their seniority, wrestling to recognise whiteness and to connect their own ‘race’(d) identities to role‐enactment and policy. They must negotiate and make the case for anti‐racist leadership to colleagues trained not to notice, and mitigate wider external systems operationalising whiteness, blocking the development of anti‐racist practice. We examine resistances to anti‐racist work in English school systems that (re)centre whiteness.
Multitargeted C9‐substituted ester and ether derivatives of berberrubine for Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Raghuvanshi Rinky , Jamwal Ashiya , Nandi Utpal , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBerberrubine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid and a bioactive metabolite of berberine. Berberine exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including cholinesterase inhibition. The cholinesterase inhibitors provide symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease; however, multitarget‐directed ligands have the potential as disease‐modifying therapeutics. Herein, we prepared a series of C9‐substituted berberrubine derivatives intending to discover dual cholinesterase and beta‐site amyloid‐precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE‐1) inhibitors. Most synthesized derivatives possessed balanced dual inhibition (AChE and BChE) activity in the submicromolar range and a moderate inhibition against BACE‐1. Two most active ester derivatives, 12a and 11d, display inhibition of AChE, BChE, and BACE‐1. The 3‐methoxybenzoyl ester derivative, 12a, inhibits electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE), equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (eqBChE), and human hBACE‐1 with IC50 values of 0.5, 4.3, and 11.9 μM, respectively and excellent BBB permeability (Pe = 8 × 10−6 cm/s). The ester derivative 12a is metabolically unstable; however, its ether analog 13 is stable in HLM and exhibits inhibition of AChE, BChE, and BACE‐1 with IC50 values of 0.44, 3.8, and 17.9 μM, respectively. The ether analog also inhibits self‐aggregation of Aβ and crosses BBB (Pe = 7.3 × 10−6 cm/s). Administration of 13 at 5 mg/kg (iv) in Wistar rats showed excellent plasma exposure with AUC0−∞ of 28,834 ng min/ml. In conclusion, the multitargeted berberrubine ether derivative 13 is CNS permeable and has good ADME properties.
EcoEvoApps: Interactive apps for theoretical models in ecology and evolutionary biology
Authors: McGuire Rosa M. , Hayashi Kenji T. , Yan Xinyi , Caritá Vaz Marcel , Cinoğlu Damla , Cowen Madeline C. , Martínez‐Blancas Alejandra , Sullivan Lauren L. , Vazquez‐Morales Sheila , Kandlikar Gaurav S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe integration of theory and data drives progress in science, but a persistent barrier to such integration in ecology and evolutionary biology is that theory is often developed and expressed in the form of mathematical models that can feel daunting and inaccessible for students and empiricists with variable quantitative training and attitudes towards math. A promising way to make mathematical models more approachable is to embed them into interactive tools with which one can visually evaluate model structures and directly explore model outcomes through simulation. To promote such interactive learning of quantitative models, we developed EcoEvoApps, a collection of free, open‐source, and multilingual R/Shiny apps that include model overviews, interactive model simulations, and code to implement these models directly in R. The package currently focuses on canonical models of population dynamics, species interactions, and landscape ecology. These apps help illustrate fundamental results from theoretical ecology and can serve as valuable teaching tools in classroom settings. We present data from student surveys which show that students rate these apps as useful learning tools, and that using interactive apps leads to substantial gains in students' interest and confidence in working with mathematical models. This points to the potential for interactive activities to make theoretical models more accessible to a wider audience, and thus facilitate the feedback between theory and data across ecology and evolutionary biology.
Response of rove‐beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages to the cumulative effect of wildfire and linear footprint in boreal treed peatlands
Authors: Wu Linhao , Pinzon Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances have become increasingly relevant in the context of biodiversity conservation. Oil and gas (OG) exploration and extraction activities have created thousands of kilometers of linear footprints in boreal ecosystems of Alberta, Canada. Among these disturbances, seismic lines (narrow corridors cut through the forest) are one of the most common footprints and have become a significant landscape feature influencing the maintenance of forest interior habitats and biodiversity. Wildfire is a common stand‐replacing natural disturbance in the boreal forest, and as such, it is hypothesized that its effects can mitigate the linear footprint associated with OG exploration, but only a few studies have examined its effectiveness. We studied the short‐term (1 year post‐fire) response of rove‐beetle assemblages to the combined effects of wildfire and linear footprint in forest, edge, and seismic line habitats at burned and unburned peatlands along the southwest perimeter of the 2016 Horse River wildfire (Fort McMurray). While rove‐beetle species richness was higher in seismic lines in both the burned and unburned habitats compared with the adjacent peatland, diversity was greater only in seismic lines of burned areas. Abundance was lower in the burned adjacent peatland but similarly higher in the remaining habitats. Assemblage composition on seismic lines was significantly different from that in the adjacent forest and edge habitats within both burned and unburned sites. Moreover, species composition in burned seismic lines was different from either unburned lines or burned forest and edge. Euaesthethus laeviusculus and Gabrius picipennis were indicator species of burned line habitats, are sensitive to post‐fire landscapes and can occupy wet habitats with moss cover more efficiently than when these habitats are surrounded by unburned forest. Although these results are based on short‐term responses, they suggest that wildfire did not reduce the linear footprint, and instead, the cumulative effect of these two disturbances had a more complex influence on rove‐beetle recovery at the landscape level than for other invertebrates. Therefore, continued monitoring of these sites can become useful to evaluate changes over time and to better understand longer‐term biodiversity responses to the cumulative effects of wildfire and linear disturbances in boreal treed peatlands, given the long‐lasting effect of such disturbances.
Species delineation and genetic structure of two Chaerephon species (C. pusillus and C. leucogaster) on Madagascar and the Comoro archipelago
Authors: Tidière Morgane , Portanier Elodie , Jacquet Stéphanie , Goodman Steven M. , Monnier Gildas , Beuneux Gregory , Desmet Jean‐François , Kaerle Cécile , Queney Guillaume , Barataud Michel , Pontier Dominique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCryptic species diversity is known to be common in bats but remains challenging to study in these mammals, whose natural history traits render their sampling and monitoring challenging. For these animals, indirect genetic approaches provide a powerful tool to gain insight into the evolutionary history and ecology of cryptic bat species. The speciation history of the polyphyletic Chaerephon pumilus species group (Molossidae) is poorly understood, including those found on western Indian Ocean islands. Two species in this complex have been identified in the Comoros: C. pusillus and C. leucogaster. Here, we aim to genetically characterize these two species and investigate their spatial population genetic structure. Analyzing five nuclear microsatellite markers from 200 individuals and one mitochondrial DNA gene (Cyt‐b) from 161 (out of the 200) individuals sampled on Madagascar and the Comoros, our findings indicated that these species are genetically differentiated. We observed mitonuclear discordance in numerous individuals (33% of the 161 mtDNA‐sequenced individuals). Based on ABC analyses, we found that this pattern could potentially be the result of asymmetric introgressive hybridization from C. leucogaster to C. pusillus and calls for further studies on the demographic history of these species. Moreover, at the intra‐specific level, analyses of the microsatellite loci suggested the evidence of a more pronounced, although weak, geographically based genetic structure in C. pusillus than in C. leucogaster. Altogether, our findings provide preliminary insights into the eco‐evolutionary aspects of this species complex and warrant further research to understand hybridization dynamics and mechanisms responsible for mitonuclear discordance.
Biogeochemical niche conservatism relates to plant species diversification and life form evolution in a subtropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest
Authors: Bai Kundong , Zhou Xuewen , Lv Shihong , Wei Shiguang , Deng Lili , Tan Yibo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary mechanisms underlying the biogeochemical niche conservatism in forests remain incompletely understood. Here we aimed to determine how the strengths of biogeochemical niche conservatism vary among elements and between life forms. We measured leaf concentrations of basal elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) in a wide range of life forms in a subtropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest. We found that differences in life forms such as evergreen/deciduous woody species and herbaceous/woody species significantly affected leaf elemental composition. The significant phylogenetic signal was present in leaf C, N, K, and Mg concentrations but absent in leaf P and Ca concentrations in all species. These contrasting strengths of biogeochemical niche conservatism were best generated by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes toward optima. Woody species were evolutionarily selected to show lower optimal leaf N, P, and K concentrations and higher optimal leaf C, Ca, and Mg concentrations than herbaceous species. The number of optima varied from the least in leaf C concentration to the most in leaf Ca concentration, suggesting the stronger convergent evolution of leaf Ca concentration. The positions of optima toward the tips were more selected in woody species, suggesting the more frequency of species‐specific adaptations in woody species. The positions of optima were also selected at the nodes towards the species groupings from certain life forms (e.g., the group of 12 Polypodiales ferns in leaf Ca evolution and the group of three evergreen Theaceae species in leaf P evolution) that were converged to present similar leaf elemental composition. During the evolution of biogeochemical niche, strong correlations were found among leaf C, N, P, and K concentrations and between leaf Ca and Mg concentrations. In conclusion, the strengths of biogeochemical niche conservatism can vary among elements and between life forms due to the different tempo and mode of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes.
One‐year safety and efficacy results of insulin treatment simplification with IDegLira in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Taybani Zoltán J. , Bótyik Balázs , Gyimesi András , Katkó Mónika , Várkonyi Tamás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the sustained safety and efficacy of insulin treatment simplification with IDegLira in patients with type 2 diabetes and an HbA1c ≤ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) during a 12‐month follow‐up.MethodsSeventy‐two adults with type 2 diabetes and an HbA1c ≤ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) participated in the trial (age 63.8 ± 9.5 years, HbA1c 6.4 ± 0.7%, [46 ± 8 mmol/mol] body weight 92.95 ± 18.83 kg, total daily insulin dose: 43.21 ± 10.80 units; mean ± SD). Previous insulins were stopped, and once daily IDegLira was started. IDegLira was titrated by the patients to achieve a self‐measured prebreakfast plasma glucose concentration of ≥5 mmol/L to ≤6 mmol/L.ResultsAfter 12 months, good glycaemic control was maintained, while body weight decreased significantly. Mean HbA1c changed to 6.2 ± 0.8% (44 ± 9 mmol/mol) (p = .109) and body weight changed by −3.89 kg to 89.06 ± 18.61 kg (p < .0001). The simplified treatment was safe and well‐tolerated. Percentage of patients experiencing at least one episode of hypoglycaemia was 49% during the month before simplification and 17% during the last 3 months of the follow‐up.ConclusionsInsulin treatment simplification with IDegLira in selected patients with type 2 diabetes is safe, maintains adequate glycaemic control and is associated with weight loss over 12 months.
Optimizing exercise testing‐based risk stratification to predict poor prognosis after acute heart failure
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Ming , Wu Po‐Jui , Wang Lin‐Yi , Wei Chin‐Ling , Cheng Cheng‐I , Fang Hsiu‐Yu , Fang Yen‐Nan , Chen Yung‐Lung , Huang David Kwan‐Ru , Lee Fan‐Yen , Chen Mien‐Cheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThe timely selection of severe heart failure (HF) patients for cardiac transplantation and advanced HF therapy is challenging. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2) values obtained by the cardiopulmonary exercise testing are used to determine the transplant recipient list. This study reassessed the prognostic predictability of peak VO2 and compared it with the Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS) in the modern optimized guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) era.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively selected 377 acute HF patients discharged from the hospital. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality, or urgent cardiac transplantation. We divided these patients into the more GDMT (two or more types of GDMT) and less GDMT groups (fewer than two types of GDMT) and compared the performance of their peak VO2 and HFSS in predicting primary outcomes. The median follow‐up period was 3.3 years. The primary outcome occurred in 57 participants. Peak VO2 outperformed HFSS when predicting 1 year (0.81 vs. 0.61; P = 0.017) and 2 year (0.78 vs. 0.58; P < 0.001) major outcomes. The cutoff peak VO2 for predicting a 20% risk of a major outcome within 2 years was 10.2 (11.8–7.0) for the total cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that peak VO2, sodium, previous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant predictors of major outcomes.ConclusionsOptimizing the cutoff value of peak VO2 is required in the current GDMT era for advanced HF therapy. Other clinical factors such as ICD use, hyponatraemia, and chronic kidney disease could also be used to predict poor prognosis. The improvement of resource allocation and patient outcomes could be achieved by careful selection of appropriate patients for advanced HF therapies, such as cardiac transplantation.