bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and determinants of animal source food consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Gebretsadik Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin , Adhanu Amaha Kahsay , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Undernutrition puts children in a physical and cognitive disadvantage. Animal source foods (ASFs) are important components of nutritious diets and play a significant role in increasing dietary diversity and minimizing the risk of undernutrition among children. Ethiopia still suffers from child undernutrition and there’s no adequate information regarding consumption of ASFs. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and determinanats of ASF consumption among children 6–23 months of age.

Methodology
A total weighted sample of 2861 children drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey was analyzed using “SVY” command of STATA 14.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the independent determinants of ASF consumption. The strength of the association was measured by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Nearly half (46.5%) of the children reported consuming any type of ASF. Religion, child age, number of household assets, number of livestock owned by a household, and ownership of land usable for agriculture were significant determinants of the outcome variable. The odds of ASF consumption were six times, twice, and 70% lower in orthodox children compared to other (catholic, traditional, or others), muslim, and protestant children, respectively. Household ownership of assets and livestock led to an increase in consumption of ASF by 19 and 2%, respectively. Children aged 18–23 months were more likely to consume ASF as compared to the younger age group (6–8 months old children). In the contrary, children from households that own land usable for agriculture were 33% less likely to consume ASFs as compared to those from households that do not own.

Conclusions
In Ethiopia, only nearly half of children aged 6–23 months consume any type of ASF. The findings of this study imply that ASF consumption can be increased through integrated actions that involve community and religious leaders and programs focused on empowering households’ capability of owning other socioeconomic entities including assets and livestock. This study also may contribute to the growing body of research works on the importance of ASF provision in preventing child undernutrition.
COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in the initial phases of US vaccine roll-out: an observational study on reddit
Authors: Kumar Navin , Corpus Isabel , Hans Meher , Harle Nikhil , Yang Nan , McDonald Curtis , Sakai Shinpei Nakamura , Janmohamed Kamila , Chen Keyu , Altice Frederick L. , Tang Weiming , Schwartz Jason L. , Jones-Jang S. Mo , Saha Koustuv , Memon Shahan Ali , Bauch Chris T. , Choudhury Munmun De , Papakyriakopoulos Orestis , Tucker Joseph D. , Goyal Abhay , Tyagi Aman , Khoshnood Kaveh , Omer Saad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpen online forums like Reddit provide an opportunity to quantitatively examine COVID-19 vaccine perceptions early in the vaccine timeline. We examine COVID-19 misinformation on Reddit following vaccine scientific announcements, in the initial phases of the vaccine timeline.MethodsWe collected all posts on Reddit (reddit.com) from January 1 2020 - December 14 2020 (n=266,840) that contained both COVID-19 and vaccine-related keywords. We used topic modeling to understand changes in word prevalence within topics after the release of vaccine trial data. Social network analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between Reddit communities (subreddits) that shared COVID-19 vaccine posts, and the movement of posts between subreddits.ResultsThere was an association between a Pfizer press release reporting 90% efficacy and increased discussion on vaccine misinformation. We observed an association between Johnson and Johnson temporarily halting its vaccine trials and reduced misinformation. We found that information skeptical of vaccination was first posted in a subreddit (r/Coronavirus) which favored accurate information and then reposted in subreddits associated with antivaccine beliefs and conspiracy theories (e.g. conspiracy, NoNewNormal).ConclusionsOur findings can inform the development of interventions where individuals determine the accuracy of vaccine information, and communications campaigns to improve COVID-19 vaccine perceptions, early in the vaccine timeline. Such efforts can increase individual- and population-level awareness of accurate and scientifically sound information regarding vaccines and thereby improve attitudes about vaccines, especially in the early phases of vaccine roll-out. Further research is needed to understand how social media can contribute to COVID-19 vaccination services.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents towards antibiotic use in rural communities in Peru: a cross-sectional multicentre study
Authors: Paredes Jose Luis , Navarro Rafaella , Watanabe Takashi , Morán Flavia , Balmaceda Maria Pia , Reateguí Andrea , Elias Raul , Bardellini Miguel , Ochoa Theresa J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The inappropriate use of antibiotics significantly contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. There is limited information about the use of antibiotics among parents from rural areas in Peru. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards antibiotics among parents of children < 5 years of age from rural communities in Peru; to explore the association between knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics and to explore determinants of low knowledge and self-medicating his/her child with antibiotics.

Methods
Cross-sectional study in six rural primary health centres in Peru using a self-administered survey. Crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated to explore determinants of low knowledge and of having self-medicated his/her child with antibiotics. Linear regression was used to explore the association between knowledge and attitudes.

Results
A total of 231 parents were included. The largest gap in knowledge was among 183 parents (79%) who did not know that antibiotics cannot cure viral infections. The largest gap in attitudes was among 185 participants (80%) that did not disagree with “If I want my child to receive antibiotics, I would not be satisfied if the doctor refuses to prescribe them”. More than half of parents (n = 120, 52%) reported having self-medicated his/her child with antibiotics. A positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (Coefficient 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.68) after adjusting for the age and the education of the parent. Parents who were < 20 years old were more likely to have low knowledge about antibiotics (crude PR 2.39, 95% CI 1.32–4.34) compared to those aged > 40 years.
Parents who had self-medicated his/her child with antibiotics (n = 120, 52%) were more likely to have purchased antibiotics without prescription (aPR 2.70, 95% CI 1.74–4.19) and to have received antibiotics after the recommendation of a pharmacist (aPR 1.79, 95% CI 1.13–2.82).

Conclusions
Knowledge about antibiotics among parents from rural settings in Peru is limited and highlights the need for educational interventions. Public health policies to limit the acquisition of antibiotics without prescription should be implemented.
Which scale is more useful to detect diabetic neuropathic pain?: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ünlütürk Zeynep , Öztekin Saadet Nur Sena , Alkan Hakan , Şenol Hande , Betaş Selin , Erdoğan Çağdaş 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common causes of neuropathic pain. LANSS, sLANSS, DN4 and painDETECT are scales which are commonly used worldwide. There are not many studies comparing these screening tools in specific neuropathic pain subgroups.
The aim of this study is to compare the utilities of LANSS, sLANSS, DN4 and PainDETECT for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathic pain.

Methods
One hundred-one individuals without diabetic neuropathic pain were included in control group, 102 patients with diabetic neuropathic pain to DNP group. LANSS, sLANSS, DN4 and painDETECT scores of the groups were compared.

Results
The difference between the groups was significant for all questionnaires and for all questions/titles they included. DN4 had the highest sensitivity and painDETECT had the highest specificity.

Conclusions
All questionnaires seemed to be useful for detecting diabetic neuropathic pain. DN4 had a high specificity and sensitivity. PainDETECT, also had a high sensitivity and specificity when cut off value was accepted more than 12.
Network pharmacology analysis reveals neuroprotection of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino in Alzheimer’ disease
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Shi Jiamiao , Jia Ning , Sun Qinru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the world, but still lack of effective drug treatment. Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GpM), a Chinese medicinal herb, plays important roles in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and anti-tumor, which has been reported to ameliorate cognitive impairment of AD. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of GpM remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the targets and possible signaling pathways of GpM in the treatment of AD.

Methods
Active compounds of GpM and their putative target proteins were selected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database and Analysis Platform. AD-associated targets were identified from GeneCards, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The intersecting targets of GpM and AD were identified and Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out to analyze the mechanism of them. Compound-target-pathway (CTP) network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed and analyzed to elucidate the correlation between compounds, proteins and pathways. Molecular docking was performed to further demonstrate the possibility of GpM for AD.

Results
A total of 13 active compounds of GpM, 168 putative target proteins of compounds and 722 AD-associated targets were identified. Eighteen intersecting targets of GpM and AD were found and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase in endothelial (NOS3) and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) were selected as the primary targets of GpM in the treatment of AD. The neuroprotective effect of GPM was related to a variety of pathways, including amoebiasis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and so on.

Conclusions
Our findings elucidate the active compounds, targets and pathways of GpM involved in effects of anti-AD. The novel mechanism of GpM against AD provides more treatment options for AD.
Remote continuous monitoring with wireless wearable sensors in clinical practice, nurses perspectives on factors affecting implementation: a qualitative study
Authors: Kooij Laura , Peters Guido M. , Doggen Carine J. M. , van Harten Wim H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuous monitoring using wireless wearable sensors is a promising solution for use in clinical practice and in the home setting. It is important to involve nurses to ensure successful implementation. This paper aims to provide an overview of 1) factors affecting implementation of continuous monitoring using wireless wearable sensors by evaluating nurses’ experiences with its use on the nursing ward, and 2) nurses’ expectations for use in the home setting.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 nurses from three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands, covering constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A deductive approach of directed content analysis was applied. One additional factor was added using the Unified Theory for Acceptance of Technology (UTAUT). The quotes and domains were rated on valence (positive, neutral, negative) and strength (strong: − 2, + 2, neutral 0, and weak: − 1, + 1).

Results
Data was collected on 27 CFIR constructs and 1 UTAUT construct. In the experience of at least 8 nurses, five constructs had a strong positive influence on implementation on the nursing ward, including relative advantage (e.g., early detection of deterioration), patient needs and resources (e.g. feeling safe), networks and communications (e.g. execute tasks together), personal attributes (e.g. experience with intervention), and implementation leaders (e.g., project leader). Five constructs had a strong negative influence: evidence strength and quality (e.g. lack of evidence from practical experience), complexity (e.g. number of process steps), design quality and packaging (e.g., bad sensor quality), compatibility (e.g, change in work) and facilitating conditions (e.g, Wi-Fi connection). Nurses expected continuous monitoring in the home setting to be hindered by compatibility with work processes and to be facilitated by staff’s access to information. Technical facilitating conditions (e.g. interoperability) were suggested to be beneficial for further development.

Conclusions
This paper provides an overview, of factors influencing implementation of continuous monitoring including relative importance, based on nurses’ experiences with use on nursing wards, and their perspectives for use in the home setting. Implementation of continuous monitoring is affected by a wide range of factors. This overview may be used as a guideline for future implementations.
“We assist the health system doing the work that should be done by others” – a qualitative study on experiences of grassroots level organizations providing refugee health care during the 2015 migration event in Germany
Authors: Brenner Stephan , Lok Vincent 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In Germany, the 2015 mass displacement and resulting population migration exposed regulatory and structural shortcomings with respect to refugee healthcare provision. Existing research on Germany’s crisis response has largely focused on the roles played by public and health system actors. The roles and contributions of non-governmental actors operating at the grassroots level have so far been given little attention. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the involvement of grassroots level actors with refugee healthcare provision in Germany.

Methods
In 2017, we conducted in-depth interviews with 13 representatives of different non-governmental organizations providing refugee healthcare provision in Germany. This included humanitarian relief organizations operating at the grassroots level that offer various forms of medical and psychological care. Transcribed interview content was analyzed using both deductive and inductive coding approaches.

Results
Grassroots level involvement changed over the course of the reporting period. During the initial emergency response, locally organized groups supported federal states and municipalities to guarantee the provision of legally defined refugee healthcare. During the following less acute phase, grassroots organizations attended to health needs of refugees the public health system was unable to address due to legal or structural limitations. In the subsequent integration phase, grassroots organizations shifted their relief focus towards care for the most vulnerable among refugees, including rejected asylum seekers and undocumented migrants with no or limited health coverage, as well as for those suffering from mental health problems.

Conclusion
Grassroots actors perceived their contributions largely as addressing those bottlenecks that resulted from healthcare restrictions imposed by German refugee legislation. Such bottlenecks could be addressed by offering those medical services for free that otherwise were not covered by law. Further, volunteers contributed to closing existing information and communication gaps between public actors, serving as intermediaries between public officials, healthcare providers, and refugee patients. To increase Germany’s efficiency and preparedness with respect to refugee healthcare, more integrated approaches at the local level, patient-centered interpretation and implementation of refugee law, and a stronger focus on post-traumatic mental health disorders should be considered.
Genetic diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei originating from mucinous borderline tumor inside an ovarian teratoma
Authors: Taguchi Ayumi , Rokutan Hirofumi , Oda Katsutoshi , Tanikawa Michihiro , Tanimoto Saki , Sone Kenbun , Mori Mayuyo , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Kohsaka Shinji , Tatsuno Kenji , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Miyagawa Kiyoshi , Mano Hiroyuki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease condition mainly caused by primary mucinous tumors from the appendix and rarely from the ovary, such as when mucinous ovarian tumors arise from within a teratoma. Molecular analyses of pseudomyxoma from the appendix showed that KRAS and GNAS pathogenic variants are common genetic features of pseudomyxoma peritonei. However, the origin of the tumors is difficult to be identified via genetic variants alone. This study presents a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian origin, which was diagnosed by comprehensive genomic profiling with ploidy analysis in a series of primary, recurrent, and autopsy tumor specimens.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stage IC2 mucinous ovarian tumor of borderline malignancy with mature cystic teratoma, upon clinical pathology. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the mucinous tumor was derived from the intestinal component of an ovarian teratoma. Three years later, intraperitoneal recurrence was detected, which subsequently progressed to pseudomyxoma peritonei. Genomic analysis detected KRAS (G12D), GNAS (R201C), and FBXW7 (R367*) variants in the primary tumor. In addition, the tumor showed aneuploidy with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in all its chromosomes, which suggested that the primary ovarian tumor was derived from germ cells. Existence of one Barr body suggested the existence of uniparental disomy of the tumors throughout the genome, instead of a haploid genotype. All three pathogenic variants remained positive in the initial recurrent tumor, as well as in the paired DNA from the whole blood in pseudomyxoma peritonei. The pathogenic variant of KRAS (G12D) was also identified in the autopsy specimen of the appendix by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions
This study pathologically and genetically confirmed that the primary ovarian borderline tumor was derived from the intestinal component of an ovarian teratoma, and that the subsequent pseudomyxoma peritonei progressed from the primary ovarian tumor. Integrative genomic analysis was useful to identify cellular origin of tumors, as well as to precisely interpret the process of disease progression.
Temporal clustering of neuroblastic tumours in children and young adults from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hayes Louise , Basta Nermine , Muirhead Colin R. , Pole Jason D. , Gibson Paul , Di Monte Bruna , Irwin Meredith S. , Greenberg Mark , Tweddle Deborah A. , McNally Richard J. Q. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aetiology of neuroblastic tumours is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors. A number of possible environmental risk factors have been suggested, including infection. If an irregular temporal pattern in incidence is found, this might suggest that a transient agent, such as an infection, is implicated. Previous work has found evidence for temporal clustering in children and young adults living in northern England.MethodsWe examined data from a second population-based registry from Ontario, Canada to determine whether there was evidence of temporal clustering of neuroblastic tumours. Cases diagnosed in children and young adults aged 0-19 years between 1985 and 2016 were extracted from the population-based Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario Networked Information System (POGONIS). A modified version of the Potthoff-Whittinghill method was used to test for temporal clustering. Estimates of extra-Poisson variation (EPV) and standard errors (SE) were obtained.ResultsEight hundred seventy-six cases of neuroblastic tumours were diagnosed during the study period. Overall, no evidence of temporal clustering was found between fortnights, between months or between quarters within years. However, significant EPV was found between years within the full study period (EPV = 1.05, SE = 0.25;P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe findings are consistent with the possibility that a transient agent, such as an infection that is characterised by ‘peaks and troughs’ in its occurrence, might be implicated in the aetiology of neuroblastic tumours. However, this pattern may also reflect a long-term increase in the numbers of cases, rather than peaks and troughs.
Clinical validation of a 90-gene expression test for tumor tissue of origin diagnosis: a large-scale multicenter study of 1417 patients
Authors: Sun Wei , Wu Wei , Wang Qifeng , Yao Qian , Feng Qin , Wang Yue , Sun Yu , Liu Yunying , Lai Qian , Zhang Gu , Qi Peng , Sun Yifeng , Qian Chenhui , Ren Wanli , Luo Zhengzhi , Chen Jinying , Wang Hongying , Xu Qinghua , Zhou Xiaoyan , Sun Wenyong , Lin Dongmei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Once malignancy tumors were diagnosed, the determination of tissue origin and tumor type is critical for clinical management. Although the significant advance in imaging techniques and histopathological approaches, the diagnosis remains challenging in patients with metastatic and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors. Gene expression profiling has been demonstrated the ability to classify multiple tumor types. The present study aims to assess the performance of a 90-gene expression test for tumor classification (i.e. the determination of tumor tissue of origin) in real clinical settings.

Methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and associated clinicopathologic information were collected from three cancer centers between January 2016 and January 2021. A total of 1417 specimens that met quality control criteria (RNA quality, tumor cell content ≥ 60% and so on) were analyzed by the 90-gene expression test to identify the tumor tissue of origin. The performance was evaluated by comparing the test results with histopathological diagnosis.

Results
The 1417 samples represent 21 main tumor types classified by common tissue origins and anatomic sites. Overall, the 90-gene expression test reached an accuracy of 94.4% (1338/1417, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.96). Among different tumor types, sensitivities were ranged from 74.2% (head&neck tumor) to 100% (adrenal carcinoma, mesothelioma, and prostate cancer). Sensitivities for the most prevalent cancers of lung, breast, colorectum, and gastroesophagus are 95.0%, 98.4%, 93.9%, and 90.6%, respectively. Moreover, specificities for all 21 tumor types are greater than 99%.

Conclusions
These findings showed robust performance of the 90-gene expression test for identifying the tumor tissue of origin and support the use of molecular testing as an adjunct to tumor classification, especially to those poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors in clinical practice.