bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
Authors: Brennan S J , Fraser M , Johansson J , Pastorello A , Kotak R , Stevance H F , Chen T -W , Eldridge J J , Bose S , Brown P J , Callis E , Cartier R , Dennefeld M , Dong Subo , Duffy P , Elias-Rosa N , Hosseinzadeh G , Hsiao E , Kuncarayakti H , Martin-Carrillo A , Monard B , Pignata G , Sand D , Shappee B J , Smartt S J , Tucker B E , Wyrzykowski L , Abbot H , Benetti S , Bento J , Blondin S , Chen Ping , Delgado A , Galbany L , Gromadzki M , Gutiérrez C P , Hanlon L , Harrison D L , Hiramatsu D , Hodgkin S T , Holoien T W -S , Howell D A , Inserra C , Kankare E , Kozłowski S , Müller-Bravo T E , Maguire K , McCully C , Meintjes P , Morrell N , Nicholl M , O’Neill D , Pietrukowicz P , Poleski R , Prieto J L , Rau A , Reichart D E , Schweyer T , Shahbandeh M , Skowron J , Sollerman J , Soszyński I , Stritzinger M D , Szymański M , Tartaglia L , Udalski A , Ulaczyk K , Young D R , van Leeuwen M , van Soelen B 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the bolometric light curve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment, as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, supports a progenitor age of &gt;10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric light curve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of &lt;0.016 M⊙. Using the Binary Population And Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common-envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) to demonstrate that the low-energy explosions within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient circumstellar material, can reproduce the overall morphology of the light curve of AT 2016jbu.
A machine learning approach to correct for mass resolution effects in simulated halo clustering statistics
Authors: Forero-Sánchez Daniel , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Rodríguez-Torres Sergio , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Zhao Cheng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The increase in the observed volume in cosmological surveys imposes various challenges on simulation preparations. First, the volume of the simulations required increases proportionally to the observations. However, large-volume simulations are quickly becoming computationally intractable. Secondly, on-going and future large-volume survey are targeting smaller objects, e.g. emission line galaxies, compared to the earlier focus, i.e. luminous red galaxies. They require the simulations to have higher mass resolutions. In this work, we present a machine learning (ML) approach to calibrate the halo catalogue of a low-resolution (LR) simulation by training with a paired high-resolution (HR) simulation with the same background white noise, thus we can build the training data by matching HR haloes to LR haloes in a one-to-one fashion. After training, the calibrated LR halo catalogue reproduces the mass–clustering relation for mass down to 2.5 × 1011 h−1 M⊙ within 5 per cent at scales $k\lt 1\,h\, \rm Mpc^{-1}$. We validate the performance of different statistics including halo mass function, power spectrum, two-point correlation function, and bispectrum in both real and redshift space. Our approach generates HR-like halo catalogues (&gt;200 particles per halo) from LR catalogues (&gt;25 particles per halo) containing corrected halo masses for each object. This allows to bypass the computational burden of a large-volume real high-resolution simulation without much compromise in the mass resolution of the result. The cost of our ML approach (∼1 CPU-h) is negligible compared to the cost of a N-body simulation (e.g. millions of CPU-h), The required computing time is cut a factor of 8.
Timing the last major merger of galaxy clusters with large halo sparsity
Authors: Richardson T R G , Corasaniti P-S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Numerical simulations have shown that massive dark matter haloes, which today host galaxy clusters, assemble their mass over time alternating periods of quiescent accretion and phases of rapid growth associated with major merger episodes. Observations of such events in clusters can provide insights on the astrophysical processes that characterize the properties of the intra-cluster medium, as well as the gravitational processes that contribute to their assembly. It is therefore of prime interest to devise a fast and reliable way of detecting such perturbed systems. We present a novel approach to identifying and timing major mergers in clusters characterized by large values of halo sparsity. Using halo catalogues from the MultiDark-Planck2 simulation, we show that major merger events disrupt the radial mass distribution of haloes, thus leaving a distinct universal imprint on the evolution of halo sparsity over a period not exceeding two dynamical times. We exploit this feature using numerically calibrated distributions to test whether an observed galaxy cluster with given sparsity measurements has undergone a recent major merger and to eventually estimate when such an event occurred. We implement these statistical tools in a specifically developed public python library lammas, which we apply to the analysis of Abell 383 and Abell 2345 as test cases. Finding that, for example, Abell 2345 had a major merger about 2.1 ± 0.2 Gyr ago. This work opens the way to detecting and timing major mergers in galaxy clusters solely through measurements of their mass at different radii.
Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu(Gaia16cfr)
Authors: Brennan S J , Fraser M , Johansson J , Pastorello A , Kotak R , Stevance H F , Chen T -W , Eldridge J J , Bose S , Brown P J , Callis E , Cartier R , Dennefeld M , Dong Subo , Duffy P , Elias-Rosa N , Hosseinzadeh G , Hsiao E , Kuncarayakti H , Martin-Carrillo A , Monard B , Nyholm A , Pignata G , Sand D , Shappee B J , Smartt S J , Tucker B E , Wyrzykowski L , Abbot H , Benetti S , Bento J , Blondin S , Chen Ping , Delgado A , Galbany L , Gromadzki M , Gutiérrez C P , Hanlon L , Harrison D L , Hiramatsu D , Hodgkin S T , Holoien T W-S , Howell D A , Inserra C , Kankare E , Kozłowski S , Müller-Bravo T E , Maguire K , McCully C , Meintjes P , Morrell N , Nicholl M , O’Neill D , Pietrukowicz P , Poleski R , Prieto J L , Rau A , Reichart D E , Schweyer T , Shahbandeh M , Skowron J , Sollerman J , Soszyński I , Stritzinger M D , Szymański M , Tartaglia L , Udalski A , Ulaczyk K , Young D R , van Leeuwen M , van Soelen B 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results from a high-cadence, multiwavelength observation campaign of AT 2016jbu (aka Gaia16cfr), an interacting transient. This data set complements the current literature by adding higher cadence as well as extended coverage of the light-curve evolution and late-time spectroscopic evolution. Photometric coverage reveals that AT 2016jbu underwent significant photometric variability followed by two luminous events, the latter of which reached an absolute magnitude of MV ∼ −18.5 mag. This is similar to the transient SN 2009ip whose nature is still debated. Spectra are dominated by narrow emission lines and show a blue continuum during the peak of the second event. AT 2016jbu shows signatures of a complex, non-homogeneous circumstellar material (CSM). We see slowly evolving asymmetric hydrogen line profiles, with velocities of 500 km s−1 seen in narrow emission features from a slow-moving CSM, and up to 10 000 km s−1 seen in broad absorption from some high-velocity material. Late-time spectra (∼+1 yr) show a lack of forbidden emission lines expected from a core-collapse supernova and are dominated by strong emission from H, He i, and Ca ii. Strong asymmetric emission features, a bumpy light curve, and continually evolving spectra suggest an inhibit nebular phase. We compare the evolution of H α among SN 2009ip-like transients and find possible evidence for orientation angle effects. The light-curve evolution of AT 2016jbu suggests similar, but not identical, circumstellar environments to other SN 2009ip-like transients.
Ringing the universe with cosmic emptiness: void properties through a combined analysis of stacked weak gravitational and Doppler lensing
Authors: Hossen Md Rasel , Ema Sonia Akter , Bolejko Krzysztof , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
An essential aspect of cosmic voids is that these underdense regions provide complementary information about the properties of our Universe. Unlike dense regions, voids are avoided by matter and are less contaminated by baryonic processes. The first step to understanding the properties of cosmic voids is to correctly infer their mass profiles. In the literature, various techniques have been implemented. In this paper, we review them and implement a new technique that is based on Doppler lensing. We use a relativistic N-body code, Gevolution, to generate cosmological mass perturbations and implement a three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing technique that follows the evolution of ray-bundles. We focus on the various properties of cosmic voids (e.g. void size function, 2-point correlation function, and the density profile of voids), and compare the results with their universal trends. We show that when weak lensing is combined with the Doppler lensing we obtain even tighter constraints than weak lensing alone. We also obtain better agreement between density profiles within central parts of voids inferred from lensing and density profiles inferred from halo tracers. The implication of the result relevant to the ongoing and prospective low-redshift spectroscopic surveys is briefly discussed.
Multidisciplinary management of chronic refractory pain in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: van Luijk Franka , Gansevoort Ron T , Blokzijl Hans , Groen Gerbrand J , de Haas Robbert J , Leliveld Anna M , Meijer Esther , Perdok Joke M , Stellema Ruud , Wolff Andreas P , Casteleijn Niek F 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic pain is often difficult to manage in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients and sometimes even leads to nephrectomy. We analyzed the long-term efficacy of our innovative multidisciplinary protocol to treat chronic refractory pain that aims to preserve kidney function by applying among other sequential nerve blocks.MethodsPatients were eligible if pain was present ≥3 months with a score of ≥50 on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100, was negatively affecting quality of life and if there had been insufficient response to previous therapies, including opioid treatment. Treatment options were, in order, analgesics, cyst aspiration and fenestration, nerve blocks and nephrectomy.ResultsA total of 101 patients were assessed in our clinic (mean age 50 ± 11 years, 65.3% females). Eight patients were treated with medication, 6 by cyst aspiration or fenestration, 63 by nerve blocks and 6 received surgery as the first treatment option. Overall, 76.9% experienced a positive effect on pain complaints shortly after treatment. The VAS score was reduced from 60/100 to 20/100 (P &lt; 0.001) and patients decreased their number of nonopioid and opioid analgesics significantly (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.01, respectively). A substantial number of the patients (n = 51) needed additional treatment. At the end of follow-up in only 13 patients (12.9%) was surgical intervention necessary: 11 nephrectomies (of which 10 were in patients already on kidney function replacement treatment), 1 liver transplantation and 1 partial hepatectomy. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years (interquartile range 2.5–5.3), 69.0% of the patients still had fewer pain complaints.ConclusionsThese data indicate that our multidisciplinary treatment protocol appears effective in reducing pain in the majority of patients with chronic refractory pain, while postponing or even avoiding in most patients surgical interventions such as nephrectomy in most patients.
Transition in Thermal History and Recurring Burial-Exhumation Cycles along Colder Thermal Gradients at the Archaean-Proterozoic Boundary: New Insights from the Western Dharwar Craton, South India
Authors: Dasgupta Anamitra , Bhowmik Santanu Kumar , Dasgupta Somnath 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Hole Narsipur Greenstone Belt (HGB), in the Western Dharwar Craton, South India, preserves evidence for three cycles of metamorphism spanning the Archaean–Proterozoic transition. Changes in metamorphic style across the transition are investigated using integrated petrographic, mineral chemical, metamorphic evolutionary history, conventional geothermobarometry, and phase equilibria modeling studies of rocks of diverse bulk rock composition from the belt. These rocks record signatures of three overprinting metamorphic cycles (M2 → M3 → M4 in sequence), postdating a Mesoarchaean, M1 event in the craton. The M2 cycle represents characteristic LP–HT metamorphism along a counterclockwise (CCW) metamorphic P–T path, peak metamorphism at 4–5 kbar, 515–595°C, and high thermobaric ratios (T/P ~1050–1525°C/GPa) at the M2 peak. The intermediate M3 metamorphic cycle records a prograde burial of partially cooled M2 rocks to middle-lower crustal depths, peak metamorphism at P ~7.5–10.2 kbar, T ~630–655°C, and corresponding intermediate T/P ratios (T/P ~620–875°C/GPa) and a retrograde stage, marked by combined exhumation and cooling to P ~5.3–6.4 kbar, T ~530–575°C. The resultant P–T paths of evolution show variability of clockwise (CW) paths from classical hairpin type to two-stage prograde heating segments. During the M4 metamorphism (TMax ~630–640°C at ~8.9–10.3 kbar and with lower T/P ratios at ~610–720°C/GPa), the partially exhumed M3 crust is re-buried to lower crustal depths along an intermediate thermal gradient as during the M3 metamorphic cycle. We interpret the thermal transition, tectonic thickening along a cooler thermal gradient, repeated burial-exhumation cycles in the orogenic wedge, and tectonic mixing of the three metamorphic cycles in terms of a three-stage tectonic evolution of the HGB. These in a sequence are (a) the development of a hot and thinned crust (cf. M2 cycle), (b) the transition to a thickened crustal zone tectonic domain (cf. M3 cycle), with both the domains being part of the lithospheric peel-back driven convergence setting and (c) finally continental collision tectonics (cf. M4 cycle). The pulsating nature of orogenesis at the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary deduced here distinguishes the Western Dharwar Craton from other cratonic blocks globally at the same time frame.
Affordable Housing and City Welfare
Authors: Favilukis Jack , Mabille Pierre , Van Nieuwerburgh Stijn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Housing affordability is the main policy challenge for most large cities in the world. Zoning changes, rent control, housing vouchers, and tax credits are the main levers employed by policymakers. How effective are they at combatting the affordability crisis? We build a dynamic stochastic spatial equilibrium model to evaluate the effect of these policies on the well-being of its citizens. The model endogenizes house prices, rents, construction, labour supply, output, income, and wealth inequality, the location decisions of households within the city as well as inter-city migration. Its main novel features are risk, risk aversion, and incomplete risk-sharing. We calibrate the model to the New York metropolitan statistical area. Housing affordability policies carry substantial insurance value but affect aggregate housing and labour supply and cause misallocation in labour and housing markets. Housing affordability policies that enhance access to this insurance especially for the neediest households create substantial net welfare gains.
Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights
Authors: Calderon Alvaro , Fouka Vasiliki , Tabellini Marco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the US, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized racial discrimination. This article shows that the Great Migration and support for civil rights are causally linked. Predicting Black inflows with a shift-share instrument, we find that the Great Migration raised support for the Democratic Party, increased Congress members’ propensity to promote civil rights legislation, and encouraged pro-civil rights activism outside the US South. We provide different pieces of evidence that support for civil rights was not confined to the Black electorate but was also shared by segments of the white population.
Private foundations in the Czech Republic: 10 years on the road
Authors: Ronovská Kateřina , Pihera Vlastimil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the early years following the enactment of the “new” Czech Civil Code it was not clear whether the newly introduced conceptual approaches in the area of foundation law would prove successful. The “private element”, or the possibility to use these structures as a tool for managing (family) assets, has not only brought considerable dynamics to the foundation sphere, but also the need for a fundamental change in thinking.
In 2021, it is a reality that foundations (foundations and foundation funds), in addition to trust funds, are beginning to be used for “private” purposes.
The authors of this article aim to outline the basic contours of the development and the current state of affairs of private foundations and foundation funds in the Czech legal environment.
Integrating Basic and Clinical Sciences for Medical Undergraduate Students to Enrich Learning
Authors: Peck Gina , Doroudi Majid , Wallace Clarissa , Almehthel Mohammed , Fejtek Monika 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMedical students come from increasingly diverse backgrounds; this diversity reflects the populations students will eventually serve and to which medical education adapts. In 2015, the MD Undergraduate Program at the University of British Columbia (UBC) implemented a spiral curriculum emphasizing the integration of basic and clinical sciences from the first year of medical education. For students who come from non‐science backgrounds, the immediate dive into both basic and clinical science can be overwhelming. Enrichment materials, such as interactive modules, provide alternative and additional means of understanding and applying curriculum content. The purpose of this project was to develop an interactive module to supplement the topic of adrenal dysfunction by presenting clinical scenarios in the context of adrenal gland physiology.Methods UsedBased on curriculum content, an interactive module combining the physiology of the adrenal gland with two different clinical scenarios on adrenal dysfunction was developed. This module was made available to all undergraduates of the UBC MD Program, but was specifically designed for second year students during their week‐long topic on adrenal dysfunction. At the end of the module, an optional survey was provided to assess the module’s design and content and to determine if similar modules would be desired.Summary of ResultsUpon completion of the module, all participants rated their knowledge of the adrenal cortex as Strong (66%) or Very Strong (33%), while knowledge of the two clinical scenarios was split evenly among students into Very Strong, Strong, and Average. 75% of students wished to see similar modules for curricular content, and all students felt that the module was an effective resource for the week’s content.In terms of design, 66% of participants found the study resources most useful, and all participants felt that the cases demonstrated clinical presentations and management better than average: Extremely Well (66%) and Very Well (33%) in terms of clinical presentation; and Extremely Well (33%) and Very Well (66%) in terms of management. Finally, 66% of students felt that the module did Extremely Well in terms of the integration of basic and clinical science while 33% felt it did Moderately Well.ConclusionAn interactive module overall improved students’ subjective knowledge of the basic and clinical science of adrenal dysfunction. The majority of students were most appreciative of study resources and were in favour of similar enrichment modules for other curricular content.
The Vitamin K2Synthetic Enzyme UBIAD1 Moonlights as a Key Regulator of Cholesterol Synthesis
Authors: DeBose‐Boyd Russell A. , Jo Youngah , Schumacher Marc M. 
Published: May 2022

UbiA prenyltransferase domain‐containing protein‐1 (UBIAD1) utilizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize the vitamin K2 subtype menaquinone‐4 (MK‐4). Mutations in UBIAD1 cause Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD), which is characterized by corneal opacification owing to over‐accumulation of cholesterol. Our studies disclosed a key role for UBIAD1 in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized HMG CoA reductase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids including GGpp. Feedback control of reductase involves sterol‐induced ubiquitination, an obligatory reaction for its ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) that is augmented by GGpp. Sterols also cause UBIAD1 to bind reductase, which inhibits ERAD and allows continued synthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids in sterol‐replete cells. GGpp triggers release of reductase from UBIAD1, enhancing ERAD and stimulating translocation of UBIAD1 to Golgi. SCD‐associated UBIAD1 resists GGpp‐induced release from reductase and becomes sequestered in ER to inhibit ERAD.Gene knockout studies in mice were attempted to explore the in vivo function of UBIAD1; however, homozygous germ‐line deletion of Ubiad1 caused embryonic lethality. We generated homozygous deletion of Ubiad1 in knock‐in mice expressing ubiquitination‐resistant HMGCR, implying embryonic lethality results from enhanced ERAD of HMGCR. The study of Ubiad1‐deficient mice offers the opportunity to determine the physiological significance of UBIAD1‐mediated synthesis of MK‐4.