bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Jones Alexandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Marketing, particularly in the era of social media and targeted advertising, is becoming increasingly multifaceted and ubiquitous. While public health practitioners focus on collecting evidence and designing, conducting, and evaluating public health campaigns, marketing, including of harmful products, occurs in parallel at a scale order of magnitude greater. The entire biannual budget of the World Health Organization would be subsumed within the marketing budget of a single sugar-sweetened beverage company. Viewed through a complex systems lens, marketing constitutes a vast, multilevel intervention that has direct effects on consumptions patterns but also distal effects on social norms and public discourse. As marketing becomes increasingly interlinked with both traditional and social media, and companies seek new sources of growth, public health research and practice must adapt to reflect these new realities.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Paichadze Nino , Ilakkuvan Vinu , Gizaw Muluken , Hyder Adnan A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the voluntary efforts of companies to address social and environmental concerns and can be used to strengthen consumers’ perceptions of a company. Although such activities often appear to have societal benefit, by utilizing CSR tactics, industries may aim to influence the consumption of their products, often unhealthy commodities, in order to increase their growth and profitability. Industries may also use CSR to distract from the negative health, environmental, and other social consequences of their core business. This chapter provides an overview of existing definitions of CSR and how these concepts have evolved over time; discusses the impact of CSR tactics, analyzing existing evidence on their effectiveness at influencing consumers and their association with health outcomes; examines existing regulations and controls related to CSR strategies; and, finally, notes key considerations and recommendations for addressing CSR from a public health perspective.
Rethinking Conflict of Interest
Authors: Collin Jeff , Ralston Rob , Hill Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Across global and national levels, it seems clear there is a movement toward a greater focus on public–private partnerships. However, there is abundant evidence that commercial actors are driven by profit motives, be they in opposition or alignment to population health. It seems therefore of particular importance to advance a research and translational agenda surrounding the assessment of institutional conflicts of interest in order to best discern suitable partners and the best parameters for engagement in ways that do not jeopardize population health or shift harm from one population to another. This chapter examines different conceptions of conflict of interest and how such conceptions can inform different approaches to health governance. The chapter presents a threefold typology encompassing individual, institutional, and structural understandings.
Prioritizing Research on the Foundational Drivers of Corporate Policy Influence
Authors: Wiist William H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter “nudges” commercial and corporate determinants of health (CDOH) researchers to metaphorically look “below the surface” to the “root causes” and to move further “upstream” to the “cause of causes” of CDOH. The chapter proposes that CDOH research prioritize three corporate political tactics used in democracies, amounting to legal corruption, that provide the foundation of laws, policies, and regulations that enable all other CDOH strategies and tactics. The chapter provides guidance for making such research theory-based, using tried and tested social science methods and data sources. The United States is presented as a case study to stimulate CDOH researchers of other countries or different political systems to likewise seek out foundational tactics of corporate influence on policy and identify or develop research data sources. Acknowledging that some corporations provide beneficial products or operate with little detrimental effect, the chapter’s perspective is polemically oppositional to the pervasive influence and dominating power of for-profit corporations.
The Question of Industry Partnerships
Authors: Adams Peter J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Health is largely shaped by upstream forces, such as the distribution of power and wealth. Approaches such as Health in All Policies and New Zealand’s “Wellbeing Budget” reflect this reality, building on decades of research regarding the “social determinants of health.” Often, these frameworks mention the “macroeconomic” environment, working conditions, and social and physical environments; the commercial determinants of health rarely feature in such frameworks, despite having large cumulative impacts on each of these areas. However, the evidence to date on public–private partnerships suggests that voluntary action often tends to focus on “downstream” drivers of health, and by its nature tends to focus on those activities that do not harm revenue, even if the generation of such revenue results in significantly more harm. This chapter examines the current scholarship on partnerships with the private sector from a conceptual and empirical lens and identifies the most important predictors of success and failure, perhaps chief among which is the ability to accurately assess and respond to conflicts of interest.
Understanding and Managing Corporate Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Cullerton Katherine , White Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As global and public health actors seek to engage increasingly in public–private partnerships, a more complete understanding of the full range of health impacts of such actors, and their reliance on revenue arising from activity that harms or benefits health, becomes an essential prerequisite. In addition, the cumulative effects of such actors on governance and regulation, science and discourse, should influence the regulatory structures put in place to ensure such partnerships are transparent, equitable, effective, and sustainable. In this way, an individual engagement or partnership may seem beneficial, but as part of a wider commercial strategy, it becomes a facilitator of greater harm. This chapter describes the current literature on identifying and managing conflicts of interest in research and governance.
Bach in the World
Authors: Rathey Markus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Johann Sebastian Bach’s works are often classified along the lines of “sacred” versus “secular.” While this distinction is fraught with problems, it seems to provide a useful way to distinguish between Bach’s vocal works for the liturgy and those that were written to honor courts and members of the nobility. But even within this second group, the lines cannot be drawn that clearly. The political and social systems of Bach’s time relied on religion as an ideological foundation, and public displays of political power almost always included religious rituals and thus required some form of sacred music. Social constructs, such as class and gender, were also embedded in religious frameworks. The book analyzes public manifestations of the social order during Bach’s time in large-scale celebrations, processions, public performances, and visual displays. By analyzing selected cantatas, the book explores how Bach’s music functioned as an agent of affective communication within rituals, such as the installation of the town council, and as a place where sociopolitical norms were perpetuated and—in a few cases—even challenged.
Music as Spiritual Practice and Political Message
Authors: Rathey Markus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bach’s years at the court in Cöthen (1717–1723) are often viewed as a time during which the composer worked in a secular environment. While most of Bach’s other positions were indeed tied to Lutheran churches, the court in Cöthen was not a secular environment at all. Adhering to the doctrines of Calvinism, the court followed devotional practices that did not require elaborate music for the liturgy; however, Bach’s few secular cantatas for Cöthen reflect several of the central ideas of Calvinist theology, such as the reliance on the Psalter and the Calvinist concept of government. Calvinist theologians supported music when it served a spiritual purpose outside the liturgy, and Bach’s Cöthen cantatas conformed to this ideal in several ways.
Defeminizing Virtue
Authors: Rathey Markus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eighteenth-century Leipzig was one of the centers of the conversation about the participation of women in public life and especially in literature and the arts. Gender typologies are reflected in numerous works by Bach and especially in the cantatas written for secular occasions, such as celebrations in honor of the Electoral court in Dresden. The complex gender norms and typologies come into sharp relief in the cantata Laßt uns sorgen, laßt uns wachen BWV 213, which recounts the story of Hercules at the Crossroads. The way Bach and his librettist Picander tell the story is clearly gendered, locating Hercules’ desire for virtue in masculinity while depicting vice as a seductive woman. The gender relationship becomes more complex in the cantata Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! BWV 214, honoring the Queen of Poland. The analysis of the cantata shows that it differentiates between the queen’s biological sex on the one hand and her political function on the other.
Technology
Authors: Coogan Jeremiah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEusebius employed innovative technologies—the prefatory textual map and the columnar table—to afford new possibilities for reading a fourfold Gospel. He adapted the table of contents, an emerging device used to structure miscellanies and reference texts. The apparatus maps the text as a structured whole and facilitates navigation. Drawing on predecessors like Ptolemy and Origen, Eusebius employed the column-and-row table to facilitate complex textual access and analysis. Eusebius did not invent the columnar table or the table of contents; prefatory lists of contents, astronomical tables, and multilingual columnar tools already existed. They appear in a wide range of sources, from medical anthologies and agricultural handbooks to text-critical databases, schoolroom glossaries, and astronomical charts. Eusebius assembled a new text from the conceptual resources at hand. By combining two emergent textual technologies, his apparatus invites new textual practices and new modes of Gospel reading. While the tools of knowledge production have often escaped sustained attention, centering the technological conditions of reading and knowledge advances historical inquiry. The insights offered by the Eusebian apparatus enrich other recent developments in the study of material texts and late ancient textuality—especially attention to the work of editors, the possibilities of paratexts, and the organization of knowledge.
Gospel Writing
Authors: Coogan Jeremiah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces a complex history of Gospel writing from Mark to Eusebius. Eusebius continued dynamics of self-conscious, expansive Gospel rewriting that are visible in earlier configurations of Gospel text (including Luke, the author of the Longer Ending of Mark, Tatian, and Ammonius of Alexandria). Eusebius was not the first reader to notice the problems and possibilities created by a pluriform Gospel, nor was he the first to rearrange Gospel texts in creative spatial ways—but his technological innovations enabled him to diverge in crucial ways from previous projects of Gospel writing. Using the textual map and the columnar table, Eusebius both preserves four individual Gospel narratives and creates new possibilities for reading the fourfold Gospel as a unity. Eusebius rewrote the Gospels by creating new meaningful sequences of readable text, a distinct fourfold Gospel. Technology here intersects with literary innovation. Because his canons facilitate creative juxtapositions and even afford juxtaposing a single section with multiple parallels, Eusebius was able both to preserve Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John in order also to interweave them in a dense new web of possibilities. Eusebius’ fourfold Gospel effervesces with manifold contexts and readerly trajectories.
Race (Jesus and the white faciality machine)
Authors: Moore Stephen D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Deleuzoguattarian theory provides a particularly potent resource for peeling back and scrutinizing the layers of whiteness that the ancient Mediterranean Jew, Jesus of Nazareth, has accrued since the dawn of European colonial modernity, and for opening up the “abstract machine of faciality” (as Deleuze and Guattari style it) that produced, and still produces, whiteness as such. Indeed, the “Year Zero: Faciality” chapter/plateau of A Thousand Plateaus assigns pivotal significance to Jesus as the retroactive linchpin of the faciality machine that fabricates white masculinity as Christian universalism. Bringing Deleuze and Guattari into dialogue with seminal Black thinkers on race, notably, W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Stuart Hall, and James Cone, this chapter attempts to ponder anew the intersections of Christianity, empire, and whiteness, together with certain of the New Testament texts that white Christendom claims as its own.
“I Will Be the Śaṅkarācāryā for Women!”
Authors: DeNapoli Antoinette Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the path and strategies of a female religious leader, Trikal Bhavanta Saraswati, to acquire a space for a women’s ascetic group among the publicly exposed Akharas during the Kumbh Mela festival. By deliberately and carefully claiming both the title and authority connected to a Śaṅkarācārya for herself, Trikal Bhavanta Saraswati (called Mataji) demands gender equality and the fair inclusion of women in a religious institution that has traditionally excluded women and low castes from leadership roles. She strategically calls herself svayambhū śaṅkarācāryā, “self-made female Śaṅkarācāryā,” in contrast to an appointed position. Importantly, her teaching women to live as they see fit is not advocacy for them to do as they please, particularly as it concerns their sexual autonomy. Combining the frameworks of religion and rights, Mataji’s leadership promotes the empowering vision of the rights-bearing female ascetic.
Introduction: Buddhist Relic Veneration, Buddhist Sites and Translocations, and the Transformation of the Hangzhou/Jiangnan Region into an Indian Buddhist Homeland
Authors: Welter Albert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The spread of Buddhism in Asia may be viewed as a protracted and complex process in which numerous sacred sites were created and re-created in different cultural settings. Buddhist sites and other translocations from India played a vital role in the reimagining of Hangzhou as the center of a Buddhist region, a new Buddhist homeland that replicated and rivaled similar regions in India itself. Two theoretical models, “borderland complex” and “translocation,” explain how the Hangzhou region (Jiangnan) became a new Buddhist homeland in East Asia. As a hub for the wider dissemination of Buddhism, Hangzhou was greatly aided by a vibrant maritime trade throughout the region, most notable at the seaport at Mingzhou (Ningbo), through which frequent contacts were maintained with Japan and Korea.
Hicksville, Ohio
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The first chapter presents family history and nearly the first five years of the life of James Purdy, focusing on the years leading up to and following his birth. The Native presence in northwestern Ohio prior to white settlement is outlined, linked to the maternal family line’s claim that James’s great-grandmother was one-eighth Ojibwe. The lives and struggles of Purdy’s great-grandparents, grandparents, and parents are narrated, especially the successes and disappointments of various business exploits of his father, William, who went from banking in Hicksville to rural real estate, which regularly carried him away from home on business. This chapter notes the differences in temperament between serious and formal William and his free-spirited younger bride, Vera Otis. Hicksville, where Richard and James Purdy were born, is an idyllic backdrop that Purdy drew from in his work.
The Professor
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trading in a somewhat itinerant career for a stable position, in 1946 Purdy accepted a job teaching Spanish and Freshman Studies at Lawrence College. The enrollment of Lawrence, in downtown Appleton, Wisconsin, jumped at the close of World War II. He kept writing and took on a literary agent, founding a little success in placing his work in magazines in 1939, 1949 and 1955, though he enjoyed the support of college president Nathan Pusey. He met new friends like the psychologist John Bucklew. Jorma Sjoblom, a Finnish-American professor of chemistry, became his lover and closest lifetime friend. In the environment of the hometown of Senator Joseph McCarthy, their affection had to be surreptitious. During summers, he traveled in Spain, France, and Italy and also to Chicago, where he reconnected with Gertrude Abercrombie’s salon. Meanwhile, in New York, his brother Richard had become a star of the stage and the screen of a new medium, television.
Elijah Thrush
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter concerns the publication and reception of Purdy’s high-camp allegorical novel, I Am Elijah Thrush (1972). It was partly inspired by Paul Swan and the black poet and painter John Carlis. With this Firbankian novel, Purdy regretted leaving FSG because Doubleday did not seem to know how to handle it. Gordon Lish, fiction editor at Esquire, was persuaded to publish nearly the entire novel. While Paul Bowles and Virgil Thomson loved it, the New York Times gave a negative review. Purdy became closer to composer Richard Hundley, his companion who spurred him to write more poetry, leading to the book The Running Sun. In 1972, Purdy was interviewed for Andy Warhol’s Interview magazine by the queer street artist and designer Stephen Varble, who became a friend and played a role in a radio performance of the novel, in which his friend Hermione Gingold played a starring role.
Color of Darkness
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Advancing in age, Purdy in the 1990s published fewer new books than in previous decades, but still profusely created fiction, poetry, drama, letters, and drawings. Short plays and two full-length plays were performed in New York, usually involving John Uecker and Victoria Linchong. His plays and his poetry were collected in two volumes by his Dutch publisher; he traveled to Holland to publicize Collected Poems. He found recognition among the gay literary community, winning an award from the Publishing Triangle in 1991, and in 1993, he won the Morten Dauwen Zabel Fiction Award from the Academy of Arts and Letters. Purdy’s Firbankian Out with the Stars (1993), published by City Lights, was inspired by Virgil Thomson, Carl Van Vechten, and Richard Hundley. Gertrude Abercrombie stayed on his mind, and with Uecker’s editorial assistance, he completed and published Gertrude of Stony Island Avenue (1998).
“Like Dewdrops in the Waving Grass”
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 describes the role of Jewish traders, merchants, and companies in the unfolding of the South African mining industry, their motivations, and the importance of kinship branches in Europe to Jewish commercial connections. Jews in the Northern Cape, already proficient in local and long-distance trade, performed in contact zones, i.e., in spaces of colonial encounters between native Africans, migrant communities, Boer farmers, and immigrants from a host of different countries. They thrived in this commercial milieu and carved out a niche in buying, selling, and shipping rough stones to colonial markets. The chapter also analyzes the process of company amalgamation and centralization. A number of structural factors came together: access to investment capital, Jewish family connections in Europe, and the global increase in demand for luxury goods.
“Luxuries Have Now Become Necessities”
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 turns to the United States, where an insatiable appetite kept demand for gemstones high. It focuses particularly on efforts to establish a polishing industry on American soil, a process that proved quite contentious as it relied almost exclusively on immigrant labor. A crisis in the Dutch diamond industry, combined with international trade pressures, incentivized the relocation of manufacturing to American shores. Hundreds of Jewish lapidaries, specialized in diamond cutting and polishing, arrived in New York in the 1890s, forming the basis of a new industry. This chapter also analyses the success of advertising and financial credit systems, encouraging middle-class consumers to purchase gemstones in ever larger numbers. The United States became the largest consumer of finished stones by the late 1800s—a position it still holds—with its primary diamond district on 47th Street in New York City.
Introduction
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Introduction presents the purpose of the book, explains its transdisciplinary focus, and describes how it can be used to teach public health law to students in law schools, public health programs, social work programs, and other graduate and advanced undergraduate programs. It then provides an overview of the book’s chapters, which follow the general outline of the 5 Essential Public Health Law Services. Finally, it provides some commentary, continued in the book’s Afterword, on the impact of COVID-19 on the field of public health law. Although the second edition of the book integrates lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and describes changes in the law that were influenced by COVID-19, the book also keeps its focus on basic skills and enduring legal principles of public health law.
Public Health and Law
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces and defines basic concepts used throughout the book and within the fields of public health and law. The chapter explores the focus on population-level data, rather than individual-level information, as public health’s primary lens. It defines health disparities, the social determinants of health, and the three levels of prevention to exemplify public health’s broad perspective, which looks beyond healthcare to more systemic causes of illness and disease. It also defines law and its role in shaping behaviors and environments at all levels—federal, state, local, tribal, and international—and introduces examples of how law may be used to impact the public’s health.
The Public Health System
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the public health system, including the organizations, activities, and people who promote public health in the United States. It describes the agencies at the federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial levels that have been granted legal authority to act on behalf of public health, including the functions of each agency in promoting public health. The chapter examines the role of the healthcare system within public health and concludes with a short discussion of the evolving effort to improve the public health system through accreditation, governance, and evaluation.