bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network‐based biostratigraphy for the late Permian to mid‐Triassic Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) in South Africa enhances biozone applicability and stratigraphic correlation
Authors: Viglietti Pia A. , Rojas Alexis , Rosvall Martin , Klimes Brady , Angielczyk Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Permo‐Triassic vertebrate assemblage zones (AZs) of South Africa's Karoo Basin are a standard for local and global correlations. However, temporal, geographical and methodological limitations challenge the AZs reliability. We analyse a unique fossil dataset comprising 1408 occurrences of 115 species grouped into 19 stratigraphic bin intervals from theCistecephalus,Daptocephalus,Lystrosaurus declivisandCynognathusAZs. Using network science tools we compare six frameworks: Broom, Rubidge, Viglietti, Member, Formation, and one suggesting diachroneity of theDaptocephalus/LystrosaurusAZ boundary (Gastaldo). Our results demonstrate that historical frameworks (Broom, Rubidge) still identify the Karoo AZs. No scheme supports theCistecephalusAZ, and it probably comprises two discrete communities. TheLystrosaurus declivisAZ is traced across all frameworks, despite many shared species with the underlyingDaptocephalusAZ, suggesting that the extinction event across this interval is not a statistical artefact. A community shift at the upper Katberg to lower Burgersdorp formations may indicate a depositional hiatus which has important implications for regional correlations, and Mesozoic ecosystem evolution. The Gastaldo model still identifies aLystrosaurusandDaptocephalusAZ community shift, does not significantly improve recent AZ models (Viglietti), and highlights important issues with some AZ studies. Localized bed‐scale lithostratigraphy (sandstone datums), and singleton fossils cannot be used to reject the patterns shown by hundreds of fossils, and regional chronostratigraphic markers of the Karoo foreland basin. Metre‐level occurrence data suggests that 20–50 m sampling intervals capture Karoo AZs, unifying the use of metre‐level placements of singleton fossils to delineate biozone boundaries and make regional correlations.
The relationship between shame, perfectionism and Anorexia Nervosa: A grounded theory study
Authors: Howard Tina L. M. , Williams Marc O. , Woodward Debbie , Fox John R. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between shame, perfectionism and Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and their impact on recovery from AN.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 people currently accessing services for AN. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using constructivist‐grounded theory methodology.ResultsA model was developed which found a vicious cycle between shame and perfectionism. Participants tried to alleviate their feelings of shame by striving for perfectionism, however failing caused them more shame.Participants who disclosed childhood trauma believed their shame preceded their perfectionism. Participants who did not disclose trauma either believed their perfectionism preceded shame or they were unsure of which occurred first.Participants' responses suggested the following pathways from perfectionism to AN: needing goals; the need for a perfect life including a perfect body and AN being something they could be perfect at. The pathways identified between shame and AN entailed mechanisms via which AN could be used to escape shame, either by seeking pride through AN, seeking to numb shame through AN, seeking to escape body shame and punishing the self. AN was found to feed back into shame in two ways: when people had AN they felt ashamed when they broke their dietary rules, and also simultaneously people felt ashamed of their AN as they were not able to recover.Shame and perfectionism influenced one another in a cyclical pattern, in which shame drove perfectionism and not attaining high standards led to shame. Shame and perfectionism also impacted on recovery in several ways. AN functioned to numb participants' emotions, becoming part of their identity over time. AN also brought respite from a constant striving towards perfectionism. The need for a perfect recovery also influenced their motivation to engage in treatment, and fear of a return of strong emotions was another deterrent to recovery.ConclusionThe findings of this paper show perfectionism and shame to both be important in the aetiology and maintenance of AN and to have an impact on recovery from AN.
Mechanisms of development and progression of pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Furukawa Toru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops via dysplastic changes in the epithelia graded as low‐ and high‐grade with accumulation of molecular alterations. Constitutive activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) contributed by attenuation of DUSP6 plays a key role in sustaining PDAC. Active MAPK induces various molecules that function as effectors to sustain PDAC. AURKA and SON are downstream effectors that contribute substantially to the proliferation and survival of PDAC cells and are potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Active MAPK also promote microRNAs that modulate the proliferation of PDAC cells and are useful as diagnostic markers. Familial pancreatic cancer kindreds in Japan show various germline mutations supposed to increase a pancreatic cancer risk. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) consist of dilated ducts lined by papillary neoplastic epithelia of various shapes and varying grades of atypia. Various papillae of IPMNs are classified into four subtypes that are associated with clinicopathological features, including patient prognosis. GNAS is a specific driver gene for the development of IPMN through gain‐of‐function mutations. Tracing of molecular alterations has elucidated the mechanism of progression of IPMN from dysplasia to carcinoma, as well as one type of papillae. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms belong to a distinct class of pancreatic neoplasms.
Metabolic signature of spent culture media shows lipid metabolism as a determinant of pregnancy outcomes
Authors: de Oliveira Fernandes Gabriela , de Lima Camila Bruna , Fidelis Andrei Antonioni Guedes , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora , Dode Margot Alves Nunes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the spent culture media of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos which did (group Pregnant) or did not (group Non‐pregnant) establish pregnancy after transfer. For that purpose, IVP embryos on D5 were transferred to individual droplets for the last 48 h of culture. Embryos at the blastocyst stage were then transferred to synchronized recipients, while respective culture media drops were collected and evaluated individually. The list of metabolites present in spent culture media was obtained by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and analysed with Metaboanalyst® to characterize the metabolic profile of each group. The spectrometric analysis showed that pathways related to lipid metabolism, particularly fatty acids degradation via beta‐oxidation, were more present in the Pregnant group whereas no significant pathway was identified in the group Non‐pregnant. By using this method, we were able to identify a metabolic signature in culture media that allows for a better comprehension of preferential metabolic routes taken by the most viable embryos. These findings offer great insights into the biochemistry of embryo development and reveal a potential target for the development of better‐quality IVP systems, as well as tools to identify bovine embryos with greater chances to establish and maintain pregnancy.
A Bayesian Model for Estimating Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 4.1.2: School Completion Rates
Authors: Dharamshi Ameer , Barakat Bilal , Alkema Leontine , Antoninis Manos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEstimating school completion is crucial for monitoring Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on education. The recently introduced SDG indicator 4.1.2, defined as the percentage of children aged 3–5 years above the expected completion age of a given level of education that have completed the respective level, differs from enrolment indicators in that it relies primarily on household surveys. This introduces a number of challenges including gaps between survey waves, conflicting estimates, age misreporting and delayed completion. We introduce the Adjusted Bayesian Completion Rates (ABCR) model to address these challenges and produce the first complete and consistent time series for SDG indicator 4.1.2, by school level and sex, for 164 countries. Validation exercises indicate that the model appears well-calibrated and offers a meaningful improvement over simpler approaches in predictive performance. The ABCR model is now used by the United Nations to monitor completion rates for all countries with available survey data.
South Africa's titanium industrial policy: A product space perspective
Authors: De Bruyne Karolien , Bam Wouter , Engelbrecht Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSouth Africa is a globally significant player in the titanium raw mineral production industry but does not play a large role in its downstream mineral processing. Since downstream activities generate much higher value added, the government has sought to support the end‐to‐end titanium value chain to capture more value from raw titanium before export through ‘beneficiation’‐related policies. This paper applies the input–output product space methodology to generate an overview of those sub‐sectors within the titanium value chain that are likely to support long‐term economic growth in South Africa. We then evaluate whether the selected global value chain activities are supported by the current industrial policy and/or whether a focus on currently excluded global value chain activities is recommended. Our results confirm that although beneficiation appears to make sense in the titanium industry in South Africa, it should (from a product space perspective) be applied neither automatically nor sequentially moving down the value chain. The paper concludes with the shortcomings of the approach and various avenues for future research.
Orofacial myofunctional assessment and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: de Araújo Sílvia Regina Siqueira , Castelo Paula Midori , Said Angélica de Veiga , Fernandes João Paulo Santos , Neves Carolina Ribeiro , Diaféria Giovana Lúcia Azevedo , Bommarito Silvana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize orofacial myofunctional structures of elders with Parkinson's disease (PD) and examine the relationship with the stages of PD, pharmacotherapy, and quality of life.MethodsPD Group with 45 elders and a control group (CG) of 10 healthy elders of both sexes were included (60–86 years). Structured interviews, medical records, and clinical examination gathered information on health aspects such as the use of drugs, Hoehn & Yahr stages 1–4, and oral health status. The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, and Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores for Elders were applied.ResultsBetter oral health status was found in participants diagnosed as Hoehn & Yahr stage 1 compared to the later stages. OMES‐Elders scores for appearance/posture, mobility, breathing, and speech functions were different between groups, and decreased overall OMES‐Elders was observed across the Hoehn & Yahr stages. A higher number of masticatory cycles was required for chewing and ingestion of the test food in the PD group compared to CG (p < .05). Significant differences were found in the mobility and daily living activities domains and an overall score of QoL between the Hoehn & Yahr stages 1 and 4, and worst orofacial functioning was accompanied by the worst self‐perception of QoL in the communication domain (rho = −0.32; p = .034). The use of xerogenic drugs did not affect the OMES‐Elders swallowing domain.ConclusionWorse dental condition and performance of orofacial functions was observed in the elders with PD as the disease progresses, and poorer orofacial performance negatively affects their perception of communication skills.
Exploring a Variant of PTC 4-2013 for Real-Time Performance Monitoring of Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Authors: Staller Joseph M. , Craven Robert P.M. , Idem Stephen , Munukutla Sastry , Kirkpatrick Keith , Benton Dudley , Eisenstadt Susan , Kopperstad Karsten , Leedy Seth , McHale Joe , Licata Anthony , Andrei Dan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a real-time performance-monitoring method based on PTC 4-2013 that was developed for determining and reporting the annual heat rate for fossil fuel power plants. Unlike for the PTC 4 test, the coal composition is typically not known in real-time, so the procedure uses a modified output-loss approach applied to a control volume that closely conforms to the boiler. A calibration approach utilizes an ultimate analysis to describe the coal being burned during the calibration, while holding the plant load and other factors steady. This permits the calculation of correction factors used during real-time performance monitoring. Based on several assumptions that are justified within, a real-time estimate of coal composition is obtained. The losses are calculated in a similar manner to PTC 4-2013. However, the losses are expressed on a per-pound of as-fired coal basis, as opposed to a percentage of higher heating value of the coal, which is not known in real-time.
A Novel Generalized Predictive Control Strategy With Improved Time Domain Performance
Authors: He Ning , Li Shang , Hao Wenbin , Xu Gongbo , Liu Liqiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the ability of handling the coupling property of multivariable control system, generalized predictive control (GPC) has been widely employed in process industry. However, the existing GPC method normally utilizes the frequency domain indices in the design procedure, which is not intuitive to the industrial end users. Therefore, a new GPC method with improved time domain performance is proposed for multiple-input-multiple-output system. First, the slope and rate of change of the slope of the system outputs are considered as two new weighting terms in the cost function of GPC such that the dynamic characteristics of the system can be better considered in the optimal control problem of the controller. Second, given the modified cost function, the resultant GPC algorithm is developed to improve the time domain performance of the system. Third, the convergence and stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed method are theoretically proved. Finally, the experimental results based on the variable air volume (VAV) air conditioning system show that the time domain performance indices, including overshoot and settling time, of the proposed method, have been improved by 68.75% and 66.67%, compared with the traditional GPC, showing the advantages of the new GPC method.
Failure Mechanisms Driven Reliability Models for Power Electronics: A Review
Authors: Gabriel Okafor Ekene , Huitink David Ryan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Miniaturization as well as manufacturing processes that electronics devices are subjected to often results in to increase in operational parameters such as current density, temperature, mechanical load, and with potential to induce stresses that may be detrimental to device reliability. Past studies have identified some failure mechanisms common to these devices. Examples of these failure mechanisms include fatigue, electromigration, stress induced voiding, corrosion, conduction filament formation, and time-dependent dielectric breakdown. While some review activities related to reliability model development based on these failure mechanisms can be easily found in literature, to the best of our knowledge, a single review paper, which captures the reliability model progresses made over the past four decades across these failure mechanisms in comparison with Standards such as Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) and Institute for Printed Circuits (IPC) is to the best of our knowledge lacking. To fill this gap, a detailed review of failure mechanism driven reliability models, with emphasis on physics of failure (PoF) for power electronics was carried out in this paper. Although, other failure mechanisms exist, our review is only limited to fatigue, electromigration, stress induced voiding, corrosion, conduction filament formation, and time-dependent dielectric breakdown. It was found that most reliability research modeling efforts are yet to be fully integrated into Standards.
On the Effect of Frequency Separation, Mass Ratio, Solidity, and Aerodynamic Resonances in Coupled Mode Flutter of a Linear Compressor Cascade
Authors: Schuff Matthias , Chenaux Virginie Anne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
At a low mass ratio of structure to air, the work-per-cycle approach, or better known as the energy method, will lead to nonconservative results as aerodynamic coupling of modeshapes acts destabilizing. Using the p–k method to solve the aeroelastic stability equation, the effects of various structural aspects are investigated for a two-dimensional compressor cascade in subsonic and transonic flow conditions. The investigated key parameters are frequency separation, mass ratio, and solidity. Furthermore, the effect of a high frequency dependency of the aerodynamic forces is presented. Such phenomena can happen in case of aerodynamic or acoustic resonances. If the resonance peaks are close to the aeroelastic frequency, a discontinuous behavior of the frequency or damping solution can lead to a rapid destabilization of the system, once the aeroelastic frequency moves from one side to the other of the peak. In these regimes, it is crucial to have a high quality representation of the frequency-dependent generalized aerodynamic forces (GAFs) for an accurate prediction of the flutter onset.
Performance Optimization of Semi-Closed Oxy-Combustion Combined Cycle for Current and Future Blade Materials
Authors: Risimini Gabriele Pio , Martinelli Matteo , Chiesa Paolo , Martelli Emanuele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among the technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS) from natural gas, oxy-turbine plants are a very promising solution thanks to the high efficiency, absence of stack, and nearly 100% capture rate. This paper investigates the efficiency which can be achieved by the semi-closed oxy-combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) with state-of-the-art and future blade materials. In particular, the analysis considers class-H turbine superalloys with a maximum blade wall temperature of 900 °C and ceramic matrix composites with blade wall temperatures of 1300 °C. Sensitivity analyses are performed to determine the optimal pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. The results indicate that state-of-the-art superalloys allow the SCOC-CC to achieve 54% net electric efficiency with a 96% carbon capture rate, while ceramic matrix composite (CMC) blades boost the efficiency up to 60%. For both cases, critical factors are the high temperature gradients across the blade coatings (thermal barrier coating (TBC) for superalloy, environmental barrier coating (EBC) for CMC) and the blade thickness caused by the large heat flux exchanged between hot gases and cooling flows.
Boundary Transformation Vectors: A Geometric Method of Quantifying Attractor Deformation for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Sloboda Andrew R. , Kong Chin Ting 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chaotic signals have long held promise as a means of excitation in structural health monitoring applications, but methods to process the structural response and infer damage are limited in number and effectiveness. Here, an alternative geometric methodology is presented that is based on measuring the boundary deformation of a system attractor as parameters change. This technique involves sampling the boundaries of two system attractors: one with nominal parameters and one with varied parameters, and then computing boundary transformation vectors (BTVs) between them. These vectors encode information about how the system has changed. This method allows damage level as well as type/location to be simultaneously quantified in simulated structures, and represents a major step toward making chaotic excitation a more practical choice for structural health monitoring.
Heat Transfer Effect From Floating Cold Cap Motion in a Waste Glass Melter
Authors: Guillen Donna P. , Abboud Alexander W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to model the motion of a solid cold cap in a waste glass melter. Forced convection bubblers at the base of the melter release air into the molten glass, which forms large bubbles that travel upwards to the cold cap and augment heat transfer from the glass to the cold cap. The CFD model employs the Navier-Stokes equations to solve for the fluctuating flowfield using a rigid body motion dynamic fluid body interaction module. This allows for movement of the floating body in response to the bubbling forces calculated at each time step. The heat flux delivered to the cold cap by the convective bubbling is studied as a function of the bubbling rate. Results for the moving cold cap are compared with the computed heat flux trends for a stationary cold cap. The heat flux delivered to the cold cap from the glass is 25% higher for the case with the moving cold cap. The heat flux was found to be proportional to v0.6 as opposed to v0.9 (where v is the normalized bubbling rate) for the stationary cold cap.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar PV-Assisted Hydroponic System - A Case Study in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Adedeji Paul A. , Olatunji Obafemi O. , Madushele Nkosinathi , Janse van Rensburg Nickey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nutrient film technology-based hydroponic systems are hydrophilic. Hence, a constant water supply is essential for the optimal yield and viability of the investment. Though the national grid could power water pumps for a hydroponic system in urban areas, incessant load shedding in South Africa has significantly affected the yield. Hence, the need for an alternative power supply for these systems. This study conducted a techno-economic analysis on a proposed solar photovoltaic (PV) for a hydroponic food garden located in Johannesburg. The case study constitutes one of the Urban Agricultural Initiatives (UAI) in the city. The optimal solar-PV sizing for the hydroponic system was developed. Two scenarios for powering the hydroponic system were investigated vis-à-vis the standalone solar-PV and national grid with solar-PV and battery backup. Among other cost functions, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was used to evaluate the systems. The simulations were performed using HOMER Pro tool for Microgrid Analysis to determine the profitability of the two alternative energy sources on the system. Among the two alternatives, the hybrid system offered a lower net present value (NPV) of 79, 156.74 (ZAR) and an LCOE of 0.47 (ZAR) compared with the standalone system with an NPV of 290,930.73 (ZAR) and an LCOE of 2.57 (ZAR). However, the indirect value chain of the hybrid solution is associated with environmental emissions. The results obtained from the two scenarios could be used as a model for powering other urban hydroponic systems in other geospatial locations. While system effectiveness is highly prioritized, an economical scenario that mitigates the load shedding effects and enhances the productivity of the hydroponic food garden is very vital.