bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological comparison of masseter muscle fibres in the mandibular rest and open positions using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Sugano Takehiko , Ogawa Toru , Yoda Nobuhiro , Hashimoto Teruo , Shobara Kenta , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Kawashima Ryuta , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe masseter muscle has a complicated multipennate internal structure and exhibits functional differentiation when performing various stomatognathic functions. It is important to understand the internal structural changes of the muscle during functioning to elucidate characteristic muscle disorders such as local myalgia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be useful for investigating the internal structural features of muscle.ObjectivesTo evaluate the features of masseter muscle fibres in human participants using DTI fibre tractography, and to elucidate the structural differences in the masseter muscle between the mandibular rest and open positions.MethodsFive healthy men (age 31 ± 7 years) underwent DTI and T1‐weighted MRI of the right masseter muscle in the mandibular rest and open positions. MR images were used as a reference for muscle layer segmentation (superficial, intermediate, and deep). DTI fibre tractography of the masseter muscle was performed and the orientation of the DTI fibres was analysed in each layer using coordinates based on the Frankfurt horizontal plane.ResultsThe DTI fibre orientation of the deep layer significantly changed between the mandibular rest and open positions in the frontal plane (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). However, no significant change was found in the superficial and intermediate layers.ConclusionDTI fibre tractography confirmed regional differences in the orientation change of the masseter muscle fibres between different mandibular positions. The results may support the existence of functional partitioning inside the masseter muscle and suggest that DTI may be useful for the evaluation of muscle fibres in multipennate muscles.
Alcohol‐related hepatocellular carcinoma is a heterogenous condition: Lessons from a latent class analysis
Authors: Costentin Charlotte E. , Minoves Mélanie , Kotzki Sylvain , Farges Olivier , Goutté Nathalie , Decaens Thomas , Bailly Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (AL‐HCC) poor prognosis has been attributed to diagnosis at a later stage. However, host factors and specific health trajectories have been associated with severe outcomes in alcohol‐related liver disease. We hypothesize AL‐HCC is not a homogeneous condition but encompasses subgroups yielding different outcomes.AimsOur aim was to provide a first attempt at a clinical phenotyping of AL‐HCC.MethodsWe analysed data for the calendar years 2007–2013 from the French nationwide administrative hospital database. We selected patients with AL‐HCC only. Clustering of AL‐HCC phenotypes was performed by latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsThe study included 11 363 patients with AL‐HCC, mainly male (89.6%), median age 67 years [IQR: 61; 74] of which 71.2% had at least one metabolic comorbidity. Five phenotypes were identified. Phenotype 1 (41.4%) displayed high rates of unrecognized cirrhosis prior to HCC diagnosis (81%), low rates of metabolic comorbidities (diabetes 13%), and mostly compensated liver disease at HCC diagnosis while the four other phenotypes displayed high rates of metabolic comorbidities (diabetes up to 100%), various patterns of liver disease trajectories and overall 42% unrecognized cirrhosis. In adjusted survival analysis, compared to phenotype 1, risk of death after HCC diagnosis was significantly different for all phenotypes.ConclusionLCA uncovers AL‐HCC is a heterogeneous condition with distinct phenotypes yielding specific survival outcomes. Frequent unrecognized cirrhosis prior to HCC underlines the urgent need for implementing strategies to identify the underlying liver disease prior to HCC onset in patients with documented alcohol use disorders and metabolic comorbidities.
Multiple types of genomic variation contribute to adaptive traits in the mustelid subfamily Guloninae
Authors: Derežanin Lorena , Blažytė Asta , Dobrynin Pavel , Duchêne David A. , Grau José Horacio , Jeon Sungwon , Kliver Sergei , Koepfli Klaus‐Peter , Meneghini Dorina , Preick Michaela , Tomarovsky Andrey , Totikov Azamat , Fickel Jörns , Förster Daniel W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpecies of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra (Eira barbara), the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the sable (Martes zibellina). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes and searching for species‐specific structural variants. Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observed species‐specific changes in many pregnancy‐related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined (single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene family expansions, structural variants) contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This argues strongly for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance.
Seeing China differently: National contestation in Taiwan's LGBTQ (tongzhi) movement
Authors: Chen‐Dedman Adam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe field of queer/sexuality studies in Taiwan was pioneered in the 1990s by a group of mainly second‐generation descendants of Chinese civil war migrants (waishengren) who have problematised and disparaged the post‐martial law Taiwanisation of identity and politics. Despite the seminal nature of their ‘sex positive’ work that challenged many cultural orthodoxies, subsequent sociopolitical developments strengthening civil society, visibility of and human rights protections for tongzhi (LGBTQ) citizens, the consolidation of Taiwanese identity, and the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) acceleration of revanchist hostility towards Taiwan over the past two decades have coalesced to forge unequivocal rifts between them and a new generation of Taiwanese sexuality scholars and activists. This rupture highlights how “Taiwan's sex/gender/sexualities knowledge production and reproduction have long been intertwined with the [contentious] politics of nationhood, nation‐building, and nationalism” (Kao, 2019). In probing these interstices, this article proposes a decolonial approach to tongzhi identity politics in Taiwan.
Bone mineral density in very low birthweight adults—A sibling study
Authors: Sandboge Samuel , Kuula Juho , Björkqvist Johan , Hovi Petteri , Mäkitie Outi , Kajantie Eero 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adults born very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) at preterm gestations have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and/or bone mineral content (BMC) than those born at term, but causality remains unknown.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess BMD and BMC in adults born at VLBW in a sibling comparison setting to account for shared genetic and environmental confounders.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 77 adults born VLBW and 70 same‐sex term‐born siblings at mean age of 29 years. The primary outcome variables were BMD Z‐scores, and BMC, of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body, measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. We analysed data by linear mixed models.ResultsThe VLBW adults had a 0.25 (95% CI 0.02, 0.47) Z‐score unit lower femoral neck BMD, and 0.35 (95% CI 0.16, 0.54) grams lower femoral neck BMC than their term‐born siblings, after adjustment for sex, age, and maternal smoking. Additional adjustment for adult body size attenuated the results. Lumbar spine, and whole body BMC were also lower in the VLBW group.ConclusionsIndividuals born at VLBW had lower BMC values at all three measurement sites, as well as lower femoral neck BMD Z‐scores, compared to term‐born siblings, partly explained by their smaller adult body size, but the differences were smaller than those reported previously with unrelated controls. This suggests that genetic or environmental confounders explain partly, but not exclusively, the association between preterm VLBW birth and adult bone mineralisation.
The chemotype core collection of genus Nicotiana
Authors: Drapal Margit , Enfissi Eugenia M. A. , Fraser Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYSustainable production of chemicals and improving these biosources by engineering metabolic pathways to create efficient plant‐based biofactories relies on the knowledge of available chemical/biosynthetic diversity present in the plant. Nicotiana species are well known for their amenability towards transformation and other new plant breeding techniques. The genus Nicotiana is primarily known through Nicotiana tabacum L., the source of tobacco leaves and all respective tobacco products. Due to the prevalence of the latter, N. tabacum and related Nicotiana species are one of the most extensively studied plants. The majority of studies focused solely on N. tabacum or other individual species for chemotyping. The present study analysed a diversity panel including 17 Nicotiana species and six accessions of Nicotiana benthamiana and created a data set that effectively represents the chemotype core collection of the genus Nicotiana. The utilisation of several analytical platforms and previously published libraries/databases enabled the identification and measurement of over 360 metabolites of a wide range of chemical classes as well as thousands of unknowns with dedicated spectral and chromatographic properties.
Understanding how food safety risk perception influences dietary decision making among women in Phenom Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a qualitative study
Authors: Brown Sydney Morgan , Nguyen-Viet Hung , Grace Delia , Ty Chhay , Samkol Pok , Sokchea Huy , Pov Son , Young Melissa F 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo determine women’s perception of the risk of food safety and how it relates to diet, health and decision making as part of formative research for a market-based intervention that aims to improve the safety of animal-source foods sold in informal markets.DesignQualitative study including in-depth personal interviews with 24 caregivers were conducted and complemented with a second follow-up PhotoVoice interview, which allowed the women to photograph their meals and perceptions of food safety and nutrition. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA. Participants were purposively sampled from a larger Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia study, conducted from May to August 2018.SettingUrban and periurban neighborhoods of Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Participants24 female caregivers (mothers and grandmothers) of children under age 5, each interviewed twice.FindingsA primary food safety concern expressed was that chemicals (pesticides and other agricultural additives) in animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables may impact the health of their families by causing diarrhoea and problems during pregnancy. This fear created a lack of trust in markets, which influenced their food purchasing behaviours and strategies for making the food safer for their families. These mitigation strategies, including food selection and cleaning, vary among the women but are perceived as important to be able to provide their families with what they define as safe meals.ConclusionsInterventions that wish to decrease rates of foodborne illness and increase animal source food consumption should also address the belief that the food system has been compromised by the addition of pesticides and agricultural additives.
Effects of tai chi and qigong on rehabilitation after COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Ren J G , Guo J L , An Lin , Li Shuang , Zhang Z C , Chen Yan , Liu Hui , Lei Xiao 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern, which is characterised by rapid and widespread transmission, high mortality and complications. Several studies have shown the benefits of tai chi and qigong for recovery after COVID-19; however, no meta-analysis has been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tai chi and/or qigong on rehabilitation after COVID-19 through a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a reference and basis for clinical application.Methods and analysisThis study will use the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Database. The time period is from the inception of the database to November 2021, with no language restrictions. Searches will be conducted using the subject terms “Taichi”,“Qigong” and “COVID-19” plus free-text words. Articles will be screened and collected by two reviewers independently. Included studies will be assessed for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Statistical analyses will be performed using the Revman V.5.3 software. The primary outcomes include 1-second forced expiratory volume and 1-second forced vital capacity, oxygen saturation, total white cell count and quality of life score. Secondary outcomes include time to remission of major symptoms, incidence of adverse events, clinical cure rate and mortality. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will also be used to explore and interpret the heterogeneity. This protocol is written based on the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocol.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval and consent are unnecessary because no primary data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021288962.
Detectable universes inside regular black holes
Authors: Roupas Zacharias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile spacetime in the vicinity outside astrophysical black holes is believed to be well understood, the event horizon and the interior remain elusive. Here, we discover a degenerate infinite spectrum of novel general relativity solutions with the same mass-energy and entropy that describe a dark energy universe inside an astrophysical black hole. This regular cosmological black hole is stabilized by a finite tangential pressure applied on the dual cosmological-black hole event horizon, localized up to a quantum indeterminacy. We recover the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy formula from the classical fluid entropy, calculated at a Tolman temperature equal to the cosmological horizon temperature. We further calculate its gravitational quasi-normal modes. We find that cosmological black holes are detectable by gravitational-wave experiments operating within the$$\mu \mathrm{Hz}$$μHz–$$\mathrm{Hz}$$Hzrange, like LISA space-interferometer.
Value of Meiotic Spindle Imaging on Fertilization and Embryo Development Following Human Oocyte Piezo-ICSI
Authors: Hiraoka Kenichiro , Uchida Nozomi , Ishikawa Tomonori , Kawai Kiyotaka 
Published: March 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate accurately the effect of the meiotic spindle imaging of human oocytes on their fertilization and embryo development by using the Piezo-ICSI. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 529 oocytes with the first polar body retrieved from 124 infertile couples (147 cycles) who attended our clinic between May 2016 and December 2018. Of these, 489 oocytes (92.4%) with visible meiotic spindle comprised the Spindle (+) group and 40 oocytes (7.6%) not observed meiotic spindle comprised the Spindle (−) group. The meiotic spindle was imaged using polarized light microscopy. The rates of fertilization, high-quality day-3 embryo, day-5 blastocyst, and high-quality day-5 blastocyst were evaluated in both groups. Results: The fertilization rates of Spindle (+) and Spindle (−) were 92.0% (450/489) and 70.0% (28/40), respectively; high-quality day-3 embryo rates were 62.9% (283/450) and 35.7% (10/28); day-5 blastocyst rates were 53.7% (205/382) and 32.1% (9/28); high-quality day-5 blastocyst rates were 29.8% (114/382) and 3.6% (1/28). Fertilization, high-quality day-3 embryo, day-5 blastocyst, and high-quality day-5 blastocyst rates were significantly higher in the Spindle (+) group than in the Spindle (−) group. Conclusion: Spindle imaging (i.e., oocytes with a visible meiotic spindle or with not observed meiotic spindle) influences the outcome of Piezo-ICSI in human oocytes, including fertilization and embryo development. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of meiotic spindle imaging on fertilization or embryo development among oocytes after Piezo-ICSI. The meiotic spindle imaging could be the indicator for the quality management of medical doctors and embryologists.
MetaSys: A Practical Open-source Metadata Management System to Implement and Evaluate Cross-layer Optimizations
Authors: Vijaykumar Nandita , Olgun Ataberk , Kanellopoulos Konstantinos , Bostanci F. Nisa , Hassan Hasan , Lotfi Mehrshad , Gibbons Phillip B. , Mutlu Onur 
Published: March 2022

This article introduces the first open-source FPGA-based infrastructure, MetaSys, with a prototype in a RISC-V system, to enable the rapid implementation and evaluation of a wide range of cross-layer techniques in real hardware. Hardware-software cooperative techniques are powerful approaches to improving the performance, quality of service, and security of general-purpose processors. They are, however, typically challenging to rapidly implement and evaluate in real hardware as they require full-stack changes to the hardware, system software, and instruction-set architecture (ISA).
MetaSys implements a rich hardware-software interface and lightweight metadata support that can be used as a common basis to rapidly implement and evaluate new cross-layer techniques. We demonstrate MetaSys’s versatility and ease-of-use by implementing and evaluating three cross-layer techniques for: (i) prefetching in graph analytics; (ii) bounds checking in memory unsafe languages, and (iii) return address protection in stack frames; each technique requiring only ~100 lines of Chisel code over MetaSys.

Using MetaSys, we perform the first detailed experimental study to quantify the performance overheads of using a
single
metadata management system to enable multiple cross-layer optimizations in CPUs. We identify the key sources of bottlenecks and system inefficiency of a general metadata management system. We design MetaSys to minimize these inefficiencies and provide increased versatility compared to previously proposed metadata systems. Using three use cases and a detailed characterization, we demonstrate that a common metadata management system can be used to efficiently support diverse cross-layer techniques in CPUs. MetaSys is completely and freely available at
https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/MetaSys
.
MemHC: An Optimized GPU Memory Management Framework for Accelerating Many-body Correlation
Authors: Wang Qihan , Peng Zhen , Ren Bin , Chen Jie , Edwards Robert G. 
Published: March 2022

Themany-body correlation functionis a fundamental computation kernel in modern physics computing applications, e.g., Hadron Contractions in Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This kernel is both computation and memory intensive, involving a series of tensor contractions, and thus usually runs on accelerators like GPUs. Existing optimizations on many-body correlation mainly focus on individual tensor contractions (e.g., cuBLAS libraries and others). In contrast, this work discovers a new optimization dimension for many-body correlation by exploring the optimization opportunities among tensor contractions. More specifically, it targets general GPU architectures (both NVIDIA and AMD) and optimizes many-body correlation’s memory management by exploiting a set ofmemory allocation and communication redundancy eliminationopportunities: first,GPU memory allocation redundancy: the intermediate output frequently occurs as input in the subsequent calculations; second,CPU-GPU communication redundancy: although all tensors are allocated on both CPU and GPU, many of them are used (and reused) on the GPU side only, and thus, many CPU/GPU communications (like that in existing Unified Memory designs) are unnecessary; third,GPU oversubscription:limited GPU memory size causes oversubscription issues, and existing memory management usually results in near-reuse data eviction, thus incurring extra CPU/GPU memory communications.Targeting these memory optimization opportunities, this article proposes MemHC, an optimized systematic GPU memory management framework that aims to accelerate the calculation of many-body correlation functions utilizing a series of new memory reduction designs. These designs involve optimizations for GPU memory allocation, CPU/GPU memory movement, and GPU memory oversubscription, respectively. More specifically, first, MemHC employs duplication-aware management and lazy release of GPU memories to corresponding host managing for better data reusability. Second, it implements data reorganization and on-demand synchronization to eliminate redundant (or unnecessary) data transfer. Third, MemHC exploits an optimized Least Recently Used (LRU) eviction policy called Pre-Protected LRU to reduce evictions and leverage memory hits. Additionally, MemHC is portable for various platforms including NVIDIA GPUs and AMD GPUs. The evaluation demonstrates that MemHC outperforms unified memory management by\( 2.18\times \)to\( 10.73\times \). The proposed Pre-Protected LRU policy outperforms the original LRU policy by up to\( 1.36\times \)improvement.1