bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Epistemic Separation Logic with Action Models
Authors: van Ditmarsch Hans , Galmiche Didier , Gawek Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present an extension of (bunched) separation logic, Boolean BI, with epistemic and dynamic epistemic modalities. This logic, called action model separation logic ($$\mathrm {AMSL}$$AMSL), can be seen as a generalization of public announcement separation logic in which we replace public announcements with action models. Then we not only model public information change (public announcements) but also non-public forms of information change, such as private announcements. In this context the semantics for the connectives$$*$$∗and$$\mathrel {-*}$$-∗from separation logic are epistemic versions of their usual semantics. This is because formulas are interpreted in states, not in resources, and agents may be uncertain between different states representing the same resource. We present the logic$$\mathrm {AMSL}$$AMSLand its semantics, with a detailed case study that highlights its interest for modeling. We also prove the elimination of the dynamics modalities and discuss some alternative epistemic semantics for the separation connectives.
PMT Signal Transmission for Hard X-Ray Diagnostics of Future Tokamaks
Authors: Nowak vel Nowakowski P. , Makowski D. , Walewski W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA pair of a scintillator and a Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) is often used as a Hard X-Ray (HXR) radiation detector in existing tokamaks such as JET, EAST, COMPASS or ASDEX-U. Future nuclear fusion reactors such as ITER or DEMO will use more powerful magnets and confine a larger volume of hot plasma. Placement of the detectors used for plasma diagnostic will be constrained by high temperatures, magnetic fields and ionizing radiation present near the tokamak vessel. It might be necessary to move detectors away from tokamak to a safer location. This might generate problems with pulse discrimination and transmission of the signal. In the case of the ITER tokamak, sensitive electronics such as digitizers cannot be installed close to the reactor due to harsh environmental conditions. A new approach to component placement is needed to protect those devices. The PMT signal will be transmitted via an over 100 m long coaxial cable to the digitizer located in the adjacent diagnostic building. The long cables will introduce additional signal attenuation. Also, the RF noise from the tokamak environment can couple into the signal. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio a dedicated PMT amplifier with a high output range (from + 1.5 to − 11 V) was proposed.The paper presents issues with signal transmission in HXR diagnostic systems and includes a discussion on the methodology of PMT signal transmission in the conditions of the future tokamaks. A proposal of guidelines for selection of the signal chain components and design of a dedicated PMT amplifier is part of this paper.
Phylogenetic, Allometric, and Ecological Factors Affecting Morphological Variation in the Scapula and Humerus of Spiny Rats (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Authors: Carvalhaes Jeiel Gabrir , Tavares William Corrêa , do Val Vilela Roberto , D’Andrea Paulo Sérgio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLocomotion, as a fundamental function in mammals directly associated with the use of ecological resources, is expected to have anatomical structures functionally committed that evolved under intense selective pressure, possibly carrying specializations for different locomotor habits. Among caviomorph rodents, the family Echimyidae stands out for having the greatest species richness, with relatively well-resolved phylogenetic relationships, wide variation in body mass, and remarkable diversity of locomotor habits, including arboreal, scansorial, semi-aquatic, semifossorial, and terrestrial forms. Thus, Echimyidae constitutes a promising model for understanding how phylogenetic, allometric, and ecological factors affect the evolution of postcranial structures directly linked to locomotor function. We investigated the influence of these three factors on scapular and humeral morphological variation in 38 echimyid species using two-dimensional geometric morphometry and phylogenetically informed comparative methods. Scapular and humeral shape variation had a low correlation with body mass and structure size, conveying a small or negligible allometric effect. Conversely, a significant moderate to strong phylogenetic signal was detected in both structures, suggesting that an important part of their morphometric variation results from shared evolutionary history. Notably, morphological variation of the scapula was extensively structured by phylogeny, without the marked influence of locomotor habits, suggesting that its shape may be a suitable taxonomic marker. Finally, locomotor habits were important in structuring the morphological variation of the humerus. Our results suggest that the morphologies of the scapula and humerus, despite being anatomically and functionally interconnected, were differentially shaped by ecological factors associated with locomotor habits.
Evidence Against Superconductivity in Flux Trapping Experiments on Hydrides Under High Pressure
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt has recently been reported that hydrogen-rich materials under high-pressure trap magnetic flux, a tell-tale signature of superconductivity (Minkov et al., Trapped magnetic flux in hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors, Ref. 1). Here, we point out that under the protocol used in these experiments the measured results indicate that the materials don’t trap magnetic flux. Instead, the measured results either are experimental artifacts or originate in magnetic properties of the sample or its environment unrelated to superconductivity. Together with other experimental evidence analyzed earlier, this clearly indicates that these materials are not superconductors.
Greedy structure learning from data that contain systematic missing values
Authors: Liu Yang , Constantinou Anthony C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLearning from data that contain missing values represents a common phenomenon in many domains. Relatively few Bayesian Network structure learning algorithms account for missing data, and those that do tend to rely on standard approaches that assume missing data are missing at random, such as the Expectation-Maximisation algorithm. Because missing data are often systematic, there is a need for more pragmatic methods that can effectively deal with data sets containing missing values not missing at random. The absence of approaches that deal with systematic missing data impedes the application of BN structure learning methods to real-world problems where missingness are not random. This paper describes three variants of greedy search structure learning that utilise pairwise deletion and inverse probability weighting to maximally leverage the observed data and to limit potential bias caused by missing values. The first two of the variants can be viewed as sub-versions of the third and best performing variant, but are important in their own in illustrating the successive improvements in learning accuracy. The empirical investigations show that the proposed approach outperforms the commonly used and state-of-the-art Structural EM algorithm, both in terms of learning accuracy and efficiency, as well as both when data are missing at random and not at random.
A Caregiver-Child Intervention for Mitigating Toxic Stress (“The Resiliency Clinic”): A Pilot Study
Authors: Jeung Joan , Hessler Jones Danielle , Frame Laura , Gilgoff Rachel , Long Dayna , Thakur Neeta , Koita Kadiatou , Bucci Monica , Burke Harris Nadine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Primary care-based interventions that promote nurturing caregiving relationships and early relational health may help mitigate toxic stress and promote resilience in children. This pilot study aims to: (1) describe a novel group-based, psychoeducational primary care intervention for children experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (“The Resiliency Clinic”), (2) assess program feasibility and acceptability, and (3) explore effects on child/caregiver behavioral health.

Methods
Intervention design centered on promoting supportive caregiving, caregiver/child self-regulation and co-regulation and teaching evidence-based stress management tools. Program feasibility and acceptability were assessed through attendance data and caregiver focus groups. Behavioral health measures were obtained at baseline and 8-month follow-up.

Results
Of 101 eligible families, 38 (37.6%) enrolled and attended a median of 3.00 (mean = 2.95, sd = 1.75) out of 6 sessions. Caregivers reported high satisfaction and benefits including stress management tools and connection with staff and other parents. There were modest, statistically non-significant improvements in caregiver stress (d = 0.23) and child executive functioning (d = 0.27).

Discussion
In conclusion, a group intervention teaching supportive caregiving and stress mitigation is feasible and acceptable for many families in an urban federally qualified health center (FQHC) with a signal for modest improvements in behavioral health. Future program iterations will seek to address participation barriers and expand the intervention’s capacity to promote early relational health.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic, anticancer, and genotoxic activities of Acacia nilotica flowers and their effects on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced genotoxicity in mice
Authors: Diab Kawthar A. , Fahmy Maha A. , Hassan Emad M. , El-Toumy Sayed A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, two main research objectives were examined: (1) the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of the aqueous methanol extract from Acacia nilotica flowers on three human cancer cells, namely lung A549, breast MCF-7, and leukemia THP-1 cells, and (2) the genotoxic effects of A. nilotica extract and its influence on DNA damage induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in mice.

Methods
Mice were orally treated with A. nilotica extract (200, 500, and 800 mg/kg for 4 days) with or without MNU (80 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 24 h).

Results
In vitro experiments showed that A549 cells were the most sensitive to A. nilotica extract among the tested cell lines. A. nilotica extract inhibited A549 cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and accumulating apoptotic cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase in A549 cells. In vivo experiments showed that MNU induced positive and negative genotoxicity in bone marrow cells and spermatocytes, respectively. Negative genotoxicity was observed in A. nilotica extract-treated groups only. However, A. nilotica extract (800 mg/kg) remarkably increased comet tail formation in bone marrow cells. Unexpectedly, the absence of antigenotoxicity was observed in three cotreated groups with A. nilotica extract and MNU compared with the MNU-treated group. Astonishingly, cotreatment with MNU and A. nilotica extract at a dose above 200 mg/kg remarkably increased micronucleus and comet tail formation in bone marrow cells compared with the MNU-treated group.

Conclusions
A. nilotica extract possessed anticancer activity with relative genotoxic effects at high doses.
Spray-drying Microencapsulation of an Extract from Tilia tomentosa Moench Flowers: Physicochemical Characterization and in Vitro Intestinal Activity
Authors: Mainente Federica , Piovan Anna , Zanoni Francesca , Chignola Roberto , Cerantola Silvia , Faggin Sofia , Giron Maria Cecilia , Filippini Raffaella , Seraglia Roberta , Zoccatelli Gianni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench, TtM) flowers possess several health-promoting properties, especially at the neurological level, such as intestinal relaxation activity associated with specific flavonols, particularly quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. However, such molecules are susceptible to degradation upon different triggers like heat, light and extreme pH values. To overcome the scarce stability of TtM flowers bioactive molecules and make them suitable for developing functional food and supplements, we applied microencapsulation. Spray-drying microencapsulation of TtM flowers extract was performed using three starch-derived wall materials: maltodextrin 12 DE (MD12) and 19 DE (MD19), and OSA-modified starch (OSA-S). The stability of total phenols, flavanols, and antioxidant capacity was monitored for 70 days under accelerated stress conditions (40 °C/70% RH) by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods, and the intestinal contractile activity was tested in a murine model. In comparison to MD12 and MD19, OSA-S stood out for the higher encapsulation efficiency of quercetin and kaempferol glycosides (+ 36–47% compared to MD12 and + 18–24% compared to MD19) and stability thereof (half-life on average + 30% compared to MD12 and + 51% compared to MD19). The intestinal contractile activity of OAS-S powders resulted comparable to the original extract, indicating that flavonols were biologically active and accessible. Our results underly the potential advantages of OSA-S encapsulated formulation as a functional ingredient for the development of nutraceutical products.
How important is subjective well-being for patients? A qualitative interview study of people with psoriasis
Authors: Newi Antonia-Luise , Tsianakas Athanasios , von Martial Sophia , Sommer Rachel , Blome Christine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This qualitative study aimed to investigate the importance of subjective well-being (SWB) as an outcome of psoriasis treatment from patient’s perspective. We focused on the affective component of SWB as assessed with the Daily Experience Sampling Questionnaire (DESQ), a validated daily diary.

Methods
Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with in-patients of a dermatological rehabilitation clinic, after participants had completed the DESQ for up to seven days to get familiar with the concept of SWB. Patients were asked to reflect on the importance of SWB as treatment goal and on its relative importance as compared with other treatment outcomes. We also addressed whether SWB could be an indirect measure of benefit in that it reflects other important outcomes. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Eleven patients participated (24–63 years, mean 53 years, 8 male, 3 female). Participants uniformly confirmed that changes in SWB reflected treatment benefit. All but one considered SWB to be a central aspect of treatment benefit—either as the most important treatment goal or as an indirect benefit indicator. In particular, participants described positive associations of SWB with other outcomes, such as symptoms. They reported that both the disease and the medical treatment had an impact on their SWB, which was reflected in the DESQ.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that SWB is a relevant indicator of treatment benefit for patients with psoriasis. Therefore, SWB measures, such as the DESQ, could be used to operationalize patient-relevant benefit of psoriasis treatment, complementing outcome measures currently used.
PIER: cyber-resilient risk assessment model for connected and autonomous vehicles
Authors: Park Seunghyun , Park Hyunhee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs more vehicles are being connected to the Internet and equipped with autonomous driving features, more robust safety and security measures are required for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Therefore, threat analysis and risk assessment are essential to prepare against cybersecurity risks for CAVs. Although prior studies have measured the possibility of attack and damage from attack as risk assessment indices, they have not analyzed the expanding attack surface or risk assessment indices that rely upon real-time resilience. This study proposes the PIER method to evaluate the cybersecurity risks of CAVs. We implemented cyber resilience for CAVs by presenting new criteria, such as exposure and recovery, in addition to probability and impact, as indices for the threat analysis and risk assessment of vehicles. To verify its effectiveness, the PIER method was evaluated with respect to software update over-the-air and collision avoidance features. Furthermore, we found that implementing security requirements that mitigate serious risks successfully diminishes the risk indices. Using the risk assessment matrix, the PIER method can shorten the risk determination time through high-risk coverage and a simple process.
CD39 in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Willcox Abbey , Lee Natasha Ting , Nandurkar Harshal H. , Sashindranath Maithili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating progressive disease characterised by pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of PAH. However, despite progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease, current therapies fail to impact upon long-term outcomes which remain poor in most patients. Recent observations have suggested the disturbances in the balance between ATP and adenosine may be integral to the vascular remodelling seen in PAH. CD39 is an enzyme important in regulating these nucleos(t)ides which may also provide a novel pathway to target for future therapies. This review summarises the role of adenosine signalling in the development and progression of PAH and highlights the therapeutic potential of CD39 for treatment of PAH.
Performance prediction, pacing profile and running pattern of elite 1-h track running events
Authors: Girardi Michele , Gattoni Chiara , Sponza Luca , Marcora Samuele Maria , Micklewright Dominic 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at comparing the predictive accuracy of the power law (PL), 2-parameter hyperbolic (HYP) and linear (LIN) models on elite 1-h track running performance, and evaluating pacing profile and running pattern of the men’s best two 1-h track running performances of all times.

Methods
The individual running speed–distance profile was obtained for nine male elite runners using the three models. Different combinations of personal bests times (3000 m-marathon) were used to predict performance. The level of absolute agreement between predicted and actual performance was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test and Bland–Altman analysis. A video analysis was performed to assess pacing profile and running pattern.

Results
Regardless of the predictors used, no significant differences (p > 0.05) between predicted and actual performances were observed for the PL model. A good agreement was found for the HYP and LIN models only when the half-marathon was the longest event predictor used (ICC = 0.718–0.737, p < 0.05). Critical speed (CS) was highly dependent on the predictors used. Unlike CS, PLV20 (i.e., the running speed corresponding to a 20-min performance estimated using the PL model) was associated with 1-h track running performances (r = 0.722–0.807, p < 0.05). An even pacing profile with minimal changes of step length and frequency was observed.

Conclusions
The PL model may offer the more realistic 1-h track running performance prediction among the models investigated. An even pacing might be the best strategy for succeeding in such running events.
Remedying the Metamemory Expectancy Illusion in Source Monitoring: Are there Effects on Restudy Choices and Source Memory?
Authors: Schaper Marie Luisa , Bayen Ute J. , Hey Carolin V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetamemory monitoring, study behavior, and memory are presumably causally connected. When people misjudge their memory, their study behavior should be biased accordingly. Remedying metamemory illusions should debias study behavior and improve memory. One metamemory illusion concerns source memory, a critical aspect of episodic memory. People predict better source memory for items that originated from an expected source (e.g., toothbrush in a bathroom) rather than an unexpected source (e.g., shampoo in a kitchen), whereas actual source memory shows the opposite: an inconsistency effect. This expectancy illusion biases restudy choices: Participants restudy more unexpected than expected source–item pairs. The authors tested the causal relationships between metamemory and source memory with a delay and a source-retrieval attempt between study and metamemory judgment to remedy the expectancy illusion and debias restudy choices. Debiased restudy choices should enhance source memory for expected items, thereby reducing the inconsistency effect. Two groups studied expected and unexpected source–item pairs. They made metamemory judgments and restudy choices immediately at study or after delay, restudied the selected pairs, and completed a source-monitoring test. After immediate judgments, participants predicted better source memory for expected pairs and selected more unexpected pairs for restudy. After delayed judgments, participants predicted a null effect of expectancy on source memory and selected equal numbers of expected and unexpected pairs. Thus, the expectancy illusion was partially remedied and restudy choices were debiased. Nevertheless, source memory was only weakly affected. The results challenge the presumed causal relationships between metamemory monitoring, study behavior, and source memory.
Comparing Relative Bond Characteristics Between Spherical and Elongated Morphologies for Cold Spray Process Using SPH Simulation
Authors: Tai Wesley Kean Wah , Chakrabarty Rohan , Pinches Samuel , Huang Xiaodong , Lang Jeffrey , Song Jun , Ang Andrew Siao Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnder cold spray conditions, the modified Johnson–Cook model was adopted to perform single and multiple particle simulation for spherical and elongated aluminum alloy- Al-6061 feedstock particles. The splat formations were realistically presented; the temperature evolution throughout the deposition process stayed below the melting point of Al-6061, and the feedstock particles exhibited restitution for impact velocities lower than 200 m/s. Feedstock particles with elongated morphology experienced a lower elastic strain energy level than spherical morphology after impact, which implied the relative bond strength was higher for elongated particles than spherical particles. The displacement curves in single particle simulations for both morphologies suggested a spherical particle experienced a greater shock than the elongated particle upon impact. The relative bond strength achieved by multiple particle impact was lower than the single particle impact, even though the displacement curves showed the feedstock particles were individually embedded in the substrate.