bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss ofNF1inDrosophilaLarvae Causes Tactile Hypersensitivity and Impaired Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Dyson Alex , Ryan Megan , Garg Shruti , Evans D. Gareth , Baines Richard A. 
Published: November 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition in which the mechanisms underlying its core symptomatology are largely unknown. Studying animal models of monogenic syndromes associated with ASD, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), can offer insights into its etiology. Here, we show that loss of function of theDrosophila NF1ortholog results in tactile hypersensitivity following brief mechanical stimulation in the larva (mixed sexes), paralleling the sensory abnormalities observed in individuals with ASD. Mutant larvae also exhibit synaptic transmission deficits at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ), with increased spontaneous but reduced evoked release. While the latter is homeostatically compensated for by a postsynaptic increase in input resistance, the former is consistent with neuronal hyperexcitability. Indeed, diminished expression ofNF1specifically within central cholinergic neurons induces both excessive neuronal firing and tactile hypersensitivity, suggesting the two may be linked. Furthermore, both impaired synaptic transmission and behavioral deficits are fully rescued via knock-down of Ras proteins. These findings validateNF1−/−Drosophilaas a tractable model of ASD with the potential to elucidate important pathophysiological mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1–2% of the overall population and can considerably impact an individual's quality of life. However, there are currently no treatments available for its core symptoms, largely because of a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Examining how loss of function of the ASD-associatedNF1gene affects behavior and physiology inDrosophilamay shed light on this. In this study, we identify a novel, ASD-relevant behavioral phenotype inNF1−/−larvae, namely an enhanced response to mechanical stimulation, which is associated with Ras-dependent synaptic transmission deficits indicative of neuronal hyperexcitability. Such insights support the use ofDrosophilaneurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) models in ASD research and may provide outputs for genetic or pharmacological screens in future studies.
Deterministic and Stochastic Components of Cortical Down States: Dynamics and Modulation
Authors: Camassa Alessandra , Galluzzi Andrea , Mattia Maurizio , Sanchez-Vives Maria V. 
Published: November 2022

Slow oscillations are an emergent activity of the cerebral cortex network consisting of alternating periods of activity (Up states) and silence (Down states). Up states are periods of persistent cortical activity that share properties with that of underlying wakefulness. However, the occurrence of Down states is almost invariably associated with unconsciousness, both in animal models and clinical studies. Down states have been attributed relevant functions, such as being a resetting mechanism or breaking causal interactions between cortical areas. But what do Down states consist of? Here, we explored in detail the network dynamics (e.g., synchronization and phase) during these silent periodsin vivo(male mice),in vitro(ferrets, either sex), andin silico, investigating various experimental conditions that modulate them: anesthesia levels, excitability (electric fields), and excitation/inhibition balance. We identified metastability as two complementary phases composing such quiescence states: a highly synchronized “deterministic” period followed by a low-synchronization “stochastic” period. The balance between these two phases determines the dynamical properties of the resulting rhythm, as well as the responsiveness to incoming inputs or refractoriness. We propose detailed Up and Down state cycle dynamics that bridge cortical properties emerging at the mesoscale with their underlying mechanisms at the microscale, providing a key to understanding unconscious states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebral cortex expresses slow oscillations consisting of Up (active) and Down (silent) states. Such activity emerges not only in slow wave sleep, but also under anesthesia and in brain lesions. Down states functionally disconnect the network, and are associated with unconsciousness. Based on a large collection of data, novel data analysis approaches and computational modeling, we thoroughly investigate the nature of Down states. We identify two phases: a highly synchronized “deterministic” period, followed by a low-synchronization “stochastic” period. The balance between these two phases determines the dynamic properties of the resulting rhythm and responsiveness to incoming inputs. This finding reconciles different theories of slow rhythm generation and provides clues about how the brain switches from conscious to unconscious brain states.
An accessory prefrontal cortex–thalamus circuit sculpts maternal behavior in virgin female mice
Authors: Glat Micaela , Gundacker Anna , Cuenca Rico Laura , Czuczu Barbara , Ben‐Simon Yoav , Harkany Tibor , Pollak Daniela D 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ability to care for the young is innate and readily displayed by postpartum females after delivery to ensure offspring survival. Upon pup exposure, rodent virgin (nulliparous) females also develop parental behavior that over time becomes displayed at levels equivalent to parenting mothers. Although maternal behavior in postpartum females and the associated neurocircuits are well characterized, the neural mechanisms underlying the acquisition of maternal behavior without prior experience remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of maternal care behavior in response to first‐time pup exposure in virgin females is initiated by the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC activity is dependent on feedback excitation by Vglut2+/Galanin+neurons of the centrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (CL), with their activity sufficient to display parenting behaviors. Accordingly, acute bidirectional chemogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity in the ACC facilitates or impairs the attainment of maternal behavior, exclusively in virgin females. These results reveal an ACC‐CL neurocircuit as an accessory loop in virgin females for the initiation of maternal care upon first‐time exposure to pups.
The bromodomain protein TRIM28 controls the balance between growth and invasiveness in melanoma
Authors: Nyberg William A , Velasquez‐Pulgarin Diego A , He Tianlin , Sjöstrand Maria , Pellé Lucia , Covacu Ruxandra , Espinosa Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMelanoma tumors are highly metastatic partly due to the ability of melanoma cells to transition between invasive and proliferative states. However, the mechanisms underlying this plasticity are still not fully understood. To identify new epigenetic regulators of melanoma plasticity, we combined data mining, tumor models, proximity proteomics, and CUT&RUN sequencing. We focus on the druggable family of bromodomain epigenetic readers and identify TRIM28 as a new regulator of melanoma plasticity. We find that TRIM28 promotes the expression of pro‐invasive genes and that TRIM28 controls the balance between invasiveness and growth of melanoma cells. We demonstrate that TRIM28 acts via the transcription factor JUNB that directly regulates the expression of pro‐invasive and pro‐growth genes. Mechanistically, TRIM28 controls the expression of JUNB by negatively regulating its transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a TRIM28–JUNB axis controls the balance between invasiveness and growth in melanoma tumors and suggest that the bromodomain protein TRIM28 could be targeted to reduce tumor spread.
In vivo single‐cell transcriptomics reveal Klebsiella pneumoniae skews lung macrophages to promote infection
Authors: Dumigan Amy , Cappa Oisin , Morris Brenda , Sá Pessoa Joana , Calderon‐Gonzalez Ricardo , Mills Grant , Lancaster Rebecca , Simpson David , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Bengoechea Jose A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe strategies deployed by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria to counteract host defences are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel host–pathogen interaction resulting in skewing lung macrophage polarisation by the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We identify interstitial macrophages (IMs) as the main population of lung macrophages associated with Klebsiella. Single‐cell transcriptomics and trajectory analysis of cells reveal type I IFN and IL10 signalling, and macrophage polarisation are characteristic of infected IMs, whereas Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and Nod‐like receptor signalling are features of infected alveolar macrophages. Klebsiella‐induced macrophage polarisation is a singular M2‐type we termed M(Kp). To rewire macrophages, Klebsiella hijacks a TLR‐type I IFN‐IL10‐STAT6 axis. Absence of STAT6 limits Klebsiella intracellular survival and facilitates the clearance of the pathogen in vivo. Glycolysis characterises M(Kp) metabolism, and inhibition of glycolysis results in clearance of intracellular Klebsiella. Capsule polysaccharide governs M(Kp). Klebsiella also skews human macrophage polarisation towards M(Kp) in a type I IFN‐IL10‐STAT6‐dependent manner. Klebsiella induction of M(Kp) represents a novel strategy to overcome host restriction, and identifies STAT6 as target to boost defences against Klebsiella.
dmrtb1 is involved in the testicular development in Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Feng Yan , Zhong Zhaowei , Wan Haifu , Zhang Ziping , Zou Pengfei , Lin Peng , Jiang Yonghua , Wang Yilei 
Published: November 2022

In brief
dmrtb1 performs critical functions in sex determination/differentiation and gonadal development in many organisms, but its role in teleost is rarely studied. Through gene cloning, in situ hybridization, and RNA interference technology, the function of dmrtb1 in testicular development of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) was studied; our study will be helpful in understanding further the molecular regulation mechanism of Lcdmrtb1/Lcdmrt6 in testicular development in L. crocea, and our results enrich the theory of fish dmrts involved in reproductive regulation and provide a new idea for sex control breeding of L. crocea by manipulating reproductive pathway.

Abstract
Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor B1 (dmrtb1/dmrt6) belongs to one of the members of DMRT family, which performs critical functions in sex determination and differentiation, gonadal development, and functional maintenance. However, knowledge of its exact mechanism remains unclear in teleost. Very little is known about the role of dmrtb1 in the gonad development of Larimichthys crocea. In this study, a dmrtb1 homolog in L. crocea named as Lcdmrtb1 with the full-length cDNA was isolated and characterized. Except for the conserved DM domain, the other regions had low homology. Of the tissues sampled, Lcdmrtb1 was only found to be highly expressed in the testis. In situ hybridization of testis revealed Lcdmrtb1 in both spermatogonia and spermatocytes. After Lcdmrtb1 interference in the testis cells (LYCT) of L. crocea, the expression levels of Lcdmrtb1 and Lcdmrt1 were significantly decreased; subsequently, testicular cell morphology changed from fibrous to round and their growth rate slowed. Similarly, the expression levels of Lcdmrtb1, Lcdmrt1, sox9a/b, and amh were significantly decreased after RNAi in the testis. Furthermore, it was discovered that the spermatogonia had disappeared, and the Sertoli cells had been reduced. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Sox9 protein in the testis was not detected after dmrtb1 was knocked down. These results indicated that the absence of Lcdmrtb1 not only greatly inhibited cell growth and destroyed the morphology of testis cells but also down-regulated Lcdmrt1 expression in the testis. This study will be helpful in understanding further the molecular regulation mechanism of Lcdmrtb1/Lcdmrt6 in testicular development in L. crocea.
Self-Assessment of the Professional Competence of Preschool Teaching Student
Authors: Kaļķe Baiba , Baranova Sanita , Āboltiņa Līga 
Published: November 2022

One of the objectives of the European Higher Education Area is to promote the development of competences, with an emphasis on those competences that people need to maintain their current quality of life and high level of employability in the face of a changing society and labor market. This study analyzed the self-assessment of student preschool teachers’ professional competence, using a tool (survey) for assessing teachers’ professional competence. A structure of preschool teachers’ professional competence was analyzed. The results indicate that the developed survey can be used as a tool for the self-assessment of teachers’ professional competence. The most highly evaluated sub-competences were general tasks of ensuring professional activity; implementation of learning process; and improvement of professional competence. The data analysis revealed that the question “Is the work related to the field of study?” with the statements included in the survey sections “Implementation of the learning process” and “Improvement of professional competence” is an important indicator in the self-assessment of professional competence among student preschool teachers for the material situation.
A survey study of lawyers' and interpreters' approaches to interactional management in interpreted lawyer-client interviews in Australia
Authors: Xu Han 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCanvassing views through a questionnaire-based online survey of 25 lawyers and 85 interpreters working in Australia, the present study investigates the approaches to interactional management employed by both lawyers and interpreters in interpreter-facilitated legal aid interviews. Specifically, the study examines lawyers' and interpreters' efforts at coordination before and during interpreted interviews, as well as interpreters' success in complying with ethical principles, and lawyers' knowledge of how to work with interpreters. The findings show that lawyers had a good understanding of their responsibilities when working with interpreters and played the role of coordinator by actively managing turn-taking and monitoring interpreting quality. Although most of the interpreter respondents performed to the ethical standards expected, some knowingly violated ethical principles by engaging in side conversations with the clients or by summarising rather than interpreting fully. The study further found statistically significant correlations between interpreters' level of professional qualifications and their competence in managing interactions and following ethical principles, which highlights the importance of training and professional accreditation for maintaining professional standards among interpreters.
Exploring booth-mates’ teamwork in the time of a pandemic: A case study
Authors: Zhu Yuben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCo-location is a crucial precondition for simultaneous interpreters' teamwork. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to secure amid the COVID-19 pandemic, as conference interpreters across the world are forced to embrace distance interpreting due to anti-covid public health measures. This article aims to examine how the disruption to co-location during the pandemic has changed interpreters' teamwork. Drawing on the analytic framework of Pre-process, Peri-process, In-process, and Post-process proposed by Sylvia Kalina (2002), the study explores changing reality in China by combining micro- and macro analysis in a case study involving 136 conference interpreters in the country. Results show that the pandemic has unleashed unprecedented disruption to interpreters' teamwork in spite of their proactive efforts to maintain it. More specifically, a new teamwork pattern featuring major shifts in collaboration themes, division of roles, and fewer benefits is emerging. Findings from the research may shed light on changing realities not only in China, but possibly in the wider world. Practical suggestions and future research needs are also identified.
Exploring the effects of personality hardiness on interpreters' performance with interpreting anxiety as a mediator: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study
Authors: Xing Xing , Zeng Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterpreting is a highly stressful activity and interpreters are accordingly expected to be stress-resistant. The stress-coping trait of personality hardiness predicts attainments in domains of the military, sport and so on. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the present study was an attempt to explore whether personality hardiness facilitates interpreting performance in a sample of Chinese postgraduate student interpreters (n = 149) as it does in the aforementioned high-stress contexts. Based on the Hardiness Model, this study positioned interpreting anxiety as a mediator. Analysis of quantitative data suggested that personality hardiness not only correlated to but also predicted interpreting performance. Meanwhile, interpreting anxiety played a mediating effect on the link between personality hardiness and interpreting performance. Follow-up semi-structured interviews provided additional information regarding interviewees' perceptions and behavior during stressful interpreting situations, helping to explain and expand upon the initial quantitative results. Implications of the findings were also discussed.
How does interpreting performance correlate with note-taking process, note-taking product and note-reading process? An eye-tracking and pen-recording study
Authors: Kuang Huolingxiao , Zheng Binghan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores relationships between consecutive interpreting (CI) performance on the one hand, and interpreters' note-taking effort, note-taking product and note-reading effort, on the other hand. 20 professionals and 29 students consecutively interpreted two easy segments and two difficult segments in an English (L2) speech, with their eye fixations on the notes and handwriting on the digital pad being registered through eye-tracking and pen-recording methods. Both groups' CI performance showed positive but weak correlations with their note quantities in the easy segments, but not in the difficult ones. Almost no significant correlations were found between the students' interpretation quality and effort of note-taking, whereas the professionals' CI performance was negatively correlated with their cognitive effort of note-taking. Significant but weak correlations were observed in both groups between their note-reading effort and interpreting performance, but the students' correlations were mainly found in the difficult segments, and the professionals' correlations were mostly detected in the easy ones. Overall, the interpreters' note-taking behaviour was not closely associated with their interpretation quality, and the associations varied across interpreter groups and task difficulties. These findings suggest that note-taking should be taught more judiciously in interpreter training programs and applied more prudently in interpreting practice.
Simultaneous determination of dantrolene with ibuprofen and diclofenac in plasma by HPLC-DAD: Application to comparative pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Abdel Moneim Mona M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMuscle relaxants and pain killers with their different types are widely used as combination approach for treatment of pain associated with several muscle spasm conditions. A sensitive and simple HPLC-UV detection method was developed in this work for simultaneous assay of Dantrolene (DNT) and co-administrated: Ibuprofen (IBU) and Diclofenac (DIC). After simple protein precipitation, separation was achieved using C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase of acidified water with orthophosphoric acid (pH = 3.5) and acetonitrile using gradient elution with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The DAD was adjusted at 380, 219, 280 and 240 nm to measure DNT, IBU, DIC, and dexamethasone (internal standard), respectively. Linearity was demonstrated over the range from 0.1 to 3 μg/mL, 1 to 40 μg/mL, and 0.1 to 2 μg/mL for DNT, IBU, and DIC, respectively. The validated method was applied successfully to compare the effect of co-administration of IBU or DIC on the pharmacokinetic profile of DNT.
Mortalidad de fauna por atropello vehicular en un sector de la vía panamericana entre Popayán y Patía
Authors: Castillo-R Julio César , Urmendez M Deisy , Zambrano G Giselle 
Published: November 2022

Durante 50 muestreos se registró el número de animales arrollados por vehículos en un segmento de 92 km de la vía Panamericana entre Popayán y Patía; se encontraron 894 vertebrados, de los cuales 362 fueron mamíferos, 288 anfibios, 186 aves y 58 reptiles. Las especies que presentaron mayor frecuencia de atropello fueron: Rhinella marina el único anfibio registrado y Didelphis marsupialis con 223 casos. Además, mediante el índice kilométrico de abundancia (IKA) se identificaron los sectores que exhibieron mayor incidencia de atropellos con un IKA mayor de 0,2, correspondientes a La Cabaña-Timbío, El Bordo-Patía, Popayán-La Cabaña y Río Esmita-Piedra Sentada. Por lo anterior, se proponen algunas estrategias como posibles soluciones para minimizar el riesgo de colisión con animales sobre la vía Panamericana.
Diversidad y uso de coberturas de aves asociadas al sector de Puerto Velero, Tubará - Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: González Parejo Enndy J. , Tamaris Turizo Diana 
Published: November 2022

Este estudio tuvo como propósito conocer la composición y estructura de las aves en Puerto Velero, en el departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Se muestrearon dos coberturas (Manglar y Playa) realizando censos de aves, usando el método conteo por puntos. Las observaciones se hicieron de 06:00 a 10:00 y de 15:00 a 18:00 h y se registró la presencia y abundancia de todas las aves observadas. Se registró un total de 1.229 individuos pertenecientes a 33 especies y 17 familias. En la cobertura Manglar se observaron 28 especies y en la cobertura Playa se registraron 22. Las familias con mayor número de representantes fueron Scolopacidae (5 especies), Ardeidae y Charadriidae (4 especies cada una) y Tyrannidae (3 especies). Las especies abundantes en la zona de estudio fueron: Cathartes aura, Progne tapera, Charadrius wilsonia, Quiscalus mexicanus y Egretta thula. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la composición y abundancia de aves por cobertura. Aunque la composición de especies fue relativamente similar en ambos tipos de cobertura (61,26%), el valor del número de Hill indica que el Manglar fue la cobertura más importante con relación a la riqueza de especies. En Puerto Velero predominan aves con alto rango de distribución, pero las aves migratorias (8 familias en 4 órdenes) constituyen un componente importante de este grupo faunístico ya que son especies con requerimientos específicos en términos de disponibilidad de recursos para alimentarse, descansar y refugiarse. De igual manera, las especies residentes que se observaron cumplen un papel importante en términos de la funcionalidad ecológica y su contribución en procesos de regulación y soporte dentro del ecosistema.