bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Juxtaposition of Two Independent Paleoproterozoic Arcs by Cenozoic Duplexing in the Arun Tectonic Window of the Eastern Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Li Rui , Ao Songjian , Xiao Wenjiao , Schulmann Karel , Mao Qigui , Song Dongfang , Tan Zhou , Wang Hao , Bhandari Saunak 
Published: May 2022

The tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogenic belt before Cenozoic convergence is important to understand its modern structural framework. There is still controversy regarding the tectonic history of the lower Lesser Himalaya Sequence (LHS) in the frame of the Paleoproterozoic geological record. In this study, integrated analysis of field geology, zircon U-Pb age, Hf isotope, and whole-rock geochemistry was conducted across the LHS and the Main Central Thrust zone in the Arun Valley, eastern Nepal, to address their Precambrian tectonic evolution and the later convergence. Two groups of metasedimentary rocks with different age spectrums of detrital zircons and Hf isotope in the Paleoproterozoic can be distinguished in an imbricated duplexing system in the study area. One group with a maximum depositional age around ca. 1800 Ma has a unimodal detrital zircon pattern and negative zircon ƐHf (t) values ranging from −8.9 to 0.9. These data can be interpreted to reflect the deposition of zircons close to a Japanese-type arc that was isolated from the northern Indian Craton. The other group of calc-silicate rocks and quartzite with multiple peaks of detrital zircons in the Paleoproterozoic show a younger maximum depositional age around ca. 1,600 Ma and variable zircon ƐHf (t) values ranging from −6.7 to 8.8, indicating their deposition in a back-arc basin of an Andean-type arc established on the northern Indian Craton. The geochemistry of an orthogneiss sample dated at 1783 ± 11 Ma indicates high potassium, peraluminous granodiorite protolith emplaced in a volcanic arc or syn-collisional tectonic setting, supporting the existence of the Paleoproterozoic Andean-type arc. We hypothesize that possibly two arc systems developed, respectively, onto and in the proximity of northern Indian Craton in the Paleoproterozoic at the final stages of the Columbia supercontinent formation. These two arcs were juxtaposed either in the Paleoproterozoic or Cenozoic time, and were finally imbricated during the Cenozoic duplexing.
Increased Risk for Respiratory Complications in Male Extremely Preterm Infants: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Su Zhiwen , Lin Lili , Fan Xi , Jia Chunhong , Shi Bijun , Huang Xiaoxia , Wei Jianwei , Cui Qiliang , Wu Fan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMany factors can affect the clinical outcome of extremely premature infants (EPIs), but the effect of sex is paradoxical. This study used propensity score matching to adjust baseline information to reassess the clinical outcome of EPIs based on sex.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on EPIs admitted in the Department of Neonatology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2011 to 2020. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to adjust the confounding factors including gestational age, birth weight, 1-minute Apgar score ≤ 3, withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment(WWLST), mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, the mother with advanced age (≥35 years old), complete-course antenatal steroid therapy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The survival rate at discharge and the incidence of major complications were evaluated between the male and female groups.ResultsA total of 439 EPIs were included, and 240 (54.7%) infants were males. After matching the nine confounding factors, 148 pairs of infants were finally enrolled. There was no significant difference in the survival rate at discharge, as well as the mortality of activating treatment or WWLST between the two groups (all P&gt;0.05). However, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and moderate to severe BPD in the male group was significantly increased (all P&lt;0.01), especially at birth weight between 750 and 999 grams.ConclusionsThe male EPIs have a higher risk of respiratory complications than females, particularly at 750 to 999 grams of birth weight.
Evaluating Cumulative Drought Effect on Global Vegetation Photosynthesis Using Numerous GPP Products
Authors: Wu Changlin , Wang Tengjun 
Published: May 2022

The increasing trend in drought events under the background of global warming makes it more important to understand the drought effect on vegetation photosynthesis. While diverse global gross primary production (GPP) datasets were adopted to investigate the drought impact on photosynthesis, few studies focused on the discrepancies of drought response among different GPP datasets, especially for the cumulative drought impact. Therefore, a total of twenty-six global GPP datasets based on process, machine learning (ML), and light-use efficiency (LUE) model schemes were obtained to appraise the cumulative impact of drought stress on photosynthesis from 2001 to 2010. Moreover, a relatively reliable global pattern of drought’s cumulative effect on vegetation photosynthesis was acquired from these global GPP products through probability analysis. The results illustrated that the cumulative impact of drought existed in 52.11% of vegetation cover land with the cumulative time scales dominantly at a short term (1–4 months, 31.81%). Obvious heterogeneity of the drought cumulative effect in space and different vegetation functional types was observed, as the reliability of the drought effect decreased with latitude decreasing and a higher sensitivity to drought in herbaceous vegetation than woody plants. Our findings highlighted the importance of ways in characterizing moisture conditions across vegetation types among various GPP models and the necessity of GPP dataset selection in investigating drought effect on photosynthesis.
Characteristics of Genomic Alterations in Pericardial Effusion of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: He Jiaxue , Hu Xintong , Chen Liguo , Liu Qiaoliang , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: May 2022

Background: The feasibility and value of pericardial effusion as a liquid biopsy sample for actionable alteration detection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been adequately investigated. Here, we aim to reveal genomic alterations between pericardial effusion and paired tumor tissue, plasma (plasma cfDNA), and pleural effusion supernatant (PE-cfDNA) based on second-generation sequencing technology.Material and methods: A total of 26 advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively studied. The following samples were collected and sequenced using two targeted next-generation sequencing panels: pericardial effusion (n = 26), matched tumor tissue (n = 6), plasma (n = 16), and pleural effusion supernatant (n = 5).Results: A total of 10 actionable alterations were identified in pericardial effusion of the NSCLC patients, including MET amplification, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M, EGFR exon 19 deletion, EGFR L861Q, KRAS G12C, EML4-ALK (exon 18: exon 20) fusion, EML4-ALK (exon 20: exon 20) fusion, EML4-ALK (exon 6: exon 20) fusion, and ERBB2 exon 20 insertion. All these actionable alterations harbored multiple drug-sensitive targets as well as several drug-resistant targets, such as EGFR T790M. Compared to plasma cfDNA of 16 patients, paired pericardial effusion had higher number of actionable alterations (p = 0.08) as well as higher percentage of the population with actionable alterations (p = 0.16). Moreover, 8 out of 10 actionable alterations with single nucleotide variations (SNVs) or insertions/deletions (indels) had a higher variant allele frequency (VAF) in pericardial effusion than plasma cfDNA. In addition, we identified two actionable alterations in paired pericardial effusion, which were absence in PE-cfDNA. Clearly, 2 out of 3 actionable alterations with SNVs/indels in pericardial effusion had a higher VAF than those in PE-cfDNA. Our finding suggested the importance of pericardial effusion in the optimal selection of patients for targeted therapy.Conclusion: Among liquid biopsy specimens from the advanced NSCLC patients, pericardial effusion may be a better candidate for genomic profiling than plasma cfDNA, while it could serve as a supplement to PE-cfDNA in detecting actionable alterations. Therefore, pericardial effusion might provide a new alternative for selection of patients for better treatment management.
Study of the Combined Effect of Maternal Tobacco Smoking and Polygenic Risk Scores on Birth Weight and Body Mass Index in Childhood
Authors: Fuentes-Paez Georgina , Escaramís Geòrgia , Aguilar-Lacasaña Sofía , Andrusaityte Sandra , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Casas Maribel , Charles Marie-Aline , Chatzi Leda , Lepeule Johanna , Grazuleviciene Regina , Gützkow Kristine B. , Heude Barbara , Maitre Léa , Ruiz-Arenas Carlos , Sunyer Jordi , Urquiza Jose , Yang Tiffany C. , Wright John , Vrijheid Martine , Vilor-Tejedor Natàlia , Bustamante Mariona 
Published: May 2022

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has adverse health effects on the offspring, including lower birth weight and increased risk for obesity. These outcomes are also influenced by common genetic polymorphisms. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and genetic predisposition on birth weight and body mass index (BMI)-related traits in 1,086 children of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project.Methods: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was self-reported. Phenotypic traits were assessed at birth or at the age of 8 years. Ten polygenic risk scores (PRSs) per trait were calculated using the PRSice v2 program. For birth weight, we estimated two sets of PRSs based on two different base GWAS summary statistics: PRS-EGG, which includes HELIX children, and PRS-PanUK, which is completely independent. The best PRS per trait (highest R2) was selected for downstream analyses, and it was treated in continuous or categorized into three groups. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association of the explanatory variables with the traits of interest. The combined effect was evaluated by including an interaction term in the regression models and then running models stratified by the PRS group.Results: BMI-related traits were correlated among them but not with birth weight. A similar pattern was observed for their PRSs. On average, the PRSs explained ∼4% of the phenotypic variation, with higher PRS values related to higher trait values (p-value &lt;5.55E-08). Sustained maternal smoking was associated with lower birth weight and higher BMI and related traits (p-value &lt;2.99E-02). We identified a gene by environment (GxE) interaction for birth weight between sustained maternal smoking and the PRS-EGG in three groups (p-value interaction = 0.01), which was not replicated with the PRS-PanUK (p-value interaction = 0.341). Finally, we did not find any statistically significant GxE interaction for BMI-related traits (p-value interaction &gt;0.237).Conclusion: Sustained maternal smoking and the PRSs were independently associated with birth weight and childhood BMI-related traits. There was low evidence of GxE interactions.
Contrasting Life Traits of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a Warming Arctic Revealed by a Year-Round Study in Isfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Hatlebakk Maja , Kosobokova Ksenia , Daase Malin , Søreide Janne E. 
Published: May 2022

The calanoid copepod Calanus glacialis dominates the mesozooplankton biomass in the Arctic shelf seas, but its smaller North Atlantic sibling Calanus finmarchicus is expanding northwards and may potentially replace it if the climate continues to warm. Here we studied the population structure, overwintering strategies, gonad maturation and egg production of C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus over a period of 15 consecutive months in a high-Arctic fjord with sub-Arctic ocean climate and no sea ice formation in winter. The relative proportions of C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus varied throughout the study period, but with an overall dominance of C. glacialis. The overwintering population of C. glacialis was dominated by copepodite stage CIV (74%) while C. finmarchicus overwintered mainly as CV (65%), reflecting a primarily two- and one-year life cycle, respectively. Adult males and females of C. glacialis appeared as early as October with a peak during December-January, two months earlier than in C. finmarchicus, with a corresponding one-month earlier peak in recruitment for C. glacialis. While C. glacialis reproduced prior to the bloom with egg production peaking during the bloom, C. finmarchicus started egg laying during the bloom and continued to reproduce throughout the summer. Seasonal changes in the population structure suggest that C. finmarchicus born early in spring are able to develop to CV during summer and overwinter successfully, while offspring born later in the season do most likely not reach the CV overwintering stage. The ability to reproduce early and the flexibility to alter between 1- and 2-year life cycles give C. glacialis an advantage over C. finmarchicus in high-Arctic unpredictable environments with short-pulsed primary production regimes. Our data indicate that C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus occupy similar environmental niches, but different timing in reproduction reduces the competition. If sea temperatures remain within their temperature-tolerance ranges, both C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus seem to benefit from warming due to accelerating growth and higher survival of the recruits as long as C. glacialis has access to a colder refuge by descending to deeper depths.
A Monolithic CMOS-MEMS Reconfigurable/Tunable Capacitive Accelerometer with Integrated Sensing Circuits
Authors: Chiu Yi , Lin Cheng-Yen , Hong Hao-Chiao 
Published: May 2022

MEMS accelerometers have been widely used in various applications with a wide range of signal levels and bandwidth. Therefore it is desired to have a sensor whose characteristics such as sensitivity and bandwidth can be reconfigured/tuned depending on specific applications. This paper presents a reconfigurable/tunable z-axis accelerometer whose mechanical resonant frequency, sensitivity and sensing bandwidth can be tuned by the electrostatic spring softening effect. The proposed accelerometer was designed using a commercial 0.35 μm CMOS foundry service. The tuning electrodes were implemented in the metal and polysilicon layers in the standard CMOS process. An on-chip chopper stabilized readout circuit was designed to convert the capacitance signal to a voltage readout. The sensing structure was released by post-CMOS wet metal etching. Measurement results showed the proposed accelerometer had a sensitivity of 12 mV/g in the range of 0–5 g. The sensitivity and bandwidth tuning ranges are 50% and 18%, respectively, for an applied tuning voltage of 25 V. The demonstrated device is the first reconfigurable/tunable CMOS-MEMS accelerometer in the literature to our best knowledge.
Application of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Autism in Children
Authors: Tang Shilong , Nie Lisha , Liu Xianfan , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Yu , Pan Zhengxia , He Ling 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the application of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of autism in children.MethodsSixty autistic children aged 2–3 years and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy children participated in the study. All the children were scanned using head MRI conventional sequences, 3D-T1, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), enhanced T2*- weighted magnetic resonance angiography (ESWAN) and 3D-pseudo continuous Arterial Spin-Labeled (3D-pcASL) sequences. The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and brain microstructure of each brain area were compared between the groups, and correlations were analyzed.ResultsThe iron content and cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus of the study group were lower than those in the corresponding brain areas of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), and axial kurtosis (AK) values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, putamen, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus in the study group were lower than those of the corresponding brain areas in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy of kurtosis (FAK) values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus in the control group were lower than those in the corresponding brain areas in the study group (P &lt; 0.05). The values of CBF, QSM, and DKI in frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus could distinguish ASD children (AUC &gt; 0.5, P &lt; 0.05), among which multimodal technology (QSM, CBF, DKI) had the highest AUC (0.917) and DKI had the lowest AUC (0.642).ConclusionQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (including QSM, 3D-pcASL, and DKI) can detect abnormalities in the iron content, cerebral blood flow and brain microstructure in young autistic children, multimodal technology (QSM, CBF, DKI) could be considered as the first choice of imaging diagnostic technology.Clinical Trial Registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojen.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR2000029699].
The Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone Combined With Immunosuppressant Therapy in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A 24-Week Prospective Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Wang Xiao , Qi Xiaoyan , Sun Zhijian , Zhang Tao , Cui Yi , Shu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of connective tissue disease (CTD) that manifests as several subtypes with significant differences in prognosis. It is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone (PFD) combined with immunosuppressant (IS) in the treatment of CTD-ILD.MethodsA total of 111 patients with CTD-ILD were enrolled, including those with systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory myopathy (IIM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other CTDs (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, and undifferentiated CTD). After evaluation of the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function (PF), and basic disease activity, patients either were or were not prescribed PFD and were followed up regularly for 24 weeks.ResultsAfter 24 weeks of treatment, predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) in the SSc-PFD group had improved by 6.60%, whereas this value was 0.55% in patients with SSc-no-PFD. The elevation in FVC% was also significant in IIM-PFD over the IIM-no-PFD controls (7.50 vs. 1.00%). The predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCo%) of RA-PFD was enhanced by 7.40%, whereas that of RA-no-PFD decreased by 5.50%. When performing a subtype analysis of HRCT images, the change in FVC% among patients with SSc with a tendency toward usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was higher in those given PFD (SSc-PFD-UIP) than the no-PFD group (8.05 vs. −3.20%). However, in IIM patients with a non-UIP tendency, PFD displayed better therapeutic effects than the control (10.50 vs. 1.00%). DLCo% improved significantly in patients with the PFD-treated RA-non-UIP subtype compared with the patients with no-PFD (10.40 vs. −4.45%). Dichotomizing the patients around a baseline FVC% or DLCo% value of 70%, the PFD arm had a more improved FVC% than the no-PFD arm within the high-baseline-FVC% subgroups of patients with SSc and IIM (6.60 vs. 0.10%, 6.30 vs. 1.10%). In patients with RA-PFD, DLCo% showed a significant increase in the subgroup with low baseline DLCo% compared to that in patients with RA-no-PFD (7.40 vs. −6.60%).ConclusionThe response of PF to PFD varied between CTD-ILD subsets. Patients with SSc and IIM showed obvious improvements in FVC%, especially patients with SSc-UIP and IIM-non-UIP. In RA, the subsets of patients with non-UIP and a lower baseline DLCo% most benefited from PFD.
A Two-Stage Bedside Intubation Method to Improve Success Rate of Post-pyloric Placement of Spiral Nasoenteric Tubes in Critically Ill Patients: A Multi-Center, Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Jing , Li Sinian , Chen Xiangyin , Tan Bo , Chen Shenglong , Hu Bei , Nie Zhiqiang , Ye Heng , Sun Cheng , Chi Ruibin , Chen Chunbo 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundsProkinetic agents could improve the success rate of post-pyloric placement of self-propelled spiral nasoenteric tubes (NETs), and bedside blind technique might apply as a rescue therapy subsequent to spontaneous transpyloric migration failure. The objective of this study was to investigated the validity and safety of these two bedside intubation methods as a sequential procedure for post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs in critically ill patients.MethodsThe multicenter, prospective study was conducted in intensive care units of four tertiary hospitals (June 2020 to January 2021). Eligible patients received self-propelled spiral NET placements, promoted by prokinetic agents (Stage 1). An abdominal X-ray performed 24 h post-intubation confirmed the position of the tube tip. Patients with a failed transpyloric migration entered Stage 2, where beside blind intubation was conducted (reconfirmed by X-ray). The primary end point was the overall success rate of post-pyloric placement.ResultsThe overall success rate of post-pyloric placement of the spiral NET was 91.1% (73.4% in the third portion of the duodenum [D3] or beyond). The total adverse event rate was 21.0%, without any serious adverse events. In Stage 1, 55.6% of participants achieved transpyloric migration, of these, 44.4% migrated to D3 or beyond. The median time from decision to intubate to the initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) was 25 h. In Stage 2, 83.0% of patients had successful post-pyloric intubation (67.9% in D3 or beyond). The median time from decision to EN initiation after the two-stage process was 36 h.ConclusionsProkinetic agents-assisted self-propelled intubation and remedial bedside blind technique as a sequential procedure for post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs were effective and safe, and this two-stage process did not affect the implementation of early EN in critically ill patients.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900026381. Registered on 6 October 2019.
Post-Translational Modification of GPX4 is a Promising Target for Treating Ferroptosis-Related Diseases
Authors: Cui Can , Yang Fei , Li Qian 
Published: May 2022

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. As the key regulator of ferroptosis, GPX4 has attracted considerable attention in the fields of cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience research in the past 10 years. How to regulate GPX4 activity has become a hot topic nowadays. GPX4 protein level is regulated transcriptionally by transcription factor SP2 or Nrf2. GPX4 activity can be upregulated by supplementing intracellular selenium or glutathione, and also be inhibited by ferroptosis inducers such as ML162 and RSL3. These regulatory mechanisms of GPX4 level/activity have already shown a great potential for treating ferroptosis-related diseases in preclinical studies, especially in cancer cells. Until recently, research show that GPX4 can undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, succination, phosphorylation, and glycosylation. PTMs of GPX4 affect the protein level/activity of GPX4, indicating that modifying these processes can be a potential therapy for treating ferroptosis-related diseases. This article summarizes the protein characteristics, enzyme properties, and PTMs of GPX4. It also provides a hypothetical idea for treating ferroptosis-related diseases by targeting the PTMs of GPX4.