bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency test of precipitating ice cloud retrieval properties obtained from the observations of different instruments operating at Dome C (Antarctica)
Authors: Di Natale Gianluca , Turner David D. , Bianchini Giovanni , Del Guasta Massimo , Palchetti Luca , Bracci Alessandro , Baldini Luca , Maestri Tiziano , Cossich William , Martinazzo Michele , Facheris Luca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Selected case studies of precipitating ice clouds at Dome C (Antarctic Plateau) were used to test a new approach for the estimation of ice cloud reflectivity at 24 GHz (12.37 mm wavelength) using ground-based far infrared spectral measurements from the REFIR-PAD Fourier transform spectroradiometer and backscattering/depolarization lidar profiles. The resulting reflectivity was evaluated with the direct reflectivity measurements provided by a co-located micro rain radar (MRR) operating at 24 GHz, that was able to detect falling crystals with large particle size, typically above 600 µm.
To obtain the 24 GHz reflectivity, we used the particle effective diameter and the cloud optical depth retrieved from the far infrared spectral radiances provided by REFIR-PAD and the tropospheric co-located backscattering lidar to calculate the modal radius and the intercept of the particle size distribution. These parameters spanned in the wide ranges between 570–2400 µm and 10−2–104 cm−5, respectively. The retrieved effective sizes and optical depths mostly varied in the ranges 70–250 µm and 0.1–5, respectively. From these parameters, the theoretical reflectivity at 24 GHz was obtained by integrating the size distribution over different cross sections for various habit crystals provided by Eriksson et al. (2018) databases. From the comparison with the radar reflectivity measurements, we found that the hexagonal column-like habits, the columnar crystal aggregates, and the 5/6 branches bullet rosettes showed the best agreement with the MRR observations. The dispersion coefficient of the crystal particle size distribution was assumed in the range 0–2 according to the temperature dependence found in previous studies. The retrieved values of the intercept and slope were found in good agreement with these studies. The presence of the inferred habits was confirmed by the crystal images taken by the ICE-CAMERA, operating in proximity of REFIR-PAD and the MRR. In particular, the occurrence of hexagonal column-like ice crystals was confirmed by the presence of 22∘ solar halos, detected by the HALO-CAMERA. The average crystal lengths obtained from the retrieved size distribution were also compared to those estimated from the ICE-CAMERA images. The agreement between the two results confirmed that the retrieved parameters of the particle size distributions correctly reproduced the observations.
Brief communication: An autonomous UAV for catchment-wide monitoring of a debris flow torrent
Authors: Walter Fabian , Hodel Elias , Mannerfelt Erik S. , Cook Kristen , Dietze Michael , Estermann Livia , Wenner Michaela , Farinotti Daniel , Fengler Martin , Hammerschmidt Lukas , Hänsli Flavia , Hirschberg Jacob , McArdell Brian , Molnar Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Debris flows threaten communities in mountain regions worldwide. Combining modern photogrammetric processing with autonomous unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) flights at sub-weekly intervals allows mapping of sediment dynamics in a debris flow catchment. This provides important information for sediment disposition that pre-conditions the catchment for debris flow occurrence. At the Illgraben debris flow catchment in Switzerland, our autonomous UAV launched nearly 50 times in the snow-free periods in 2019–2021 with typical flight intervals of 2–4 d, producing 350–400 images every flight. The observed terrain changes resulting from debris flows exhibit preferred locations of erosion and deposition, including memory effects as previously deposited material is preferentially removed during subsequent debris flows. Such data are critical for the validation of geomorphological process models. Given the remote terrain, the mapped short-term erosion and deposition structures are difficult to obtain with conventional measurements. The proposed method thus fills an observational gap, which ground-based monitoring and satellite-based remote sensing cannot fill as a result of limited access, reaction time, spatial resolution, or involved costs.
Mais où sont les proverbes d’antan ? Du Dialogus creaturarum à ses traductions françaises (1482-1550 ca)
Authors: Colombo Timelli Maria 
Published: December 2022

Composé en Italie au XIVe siècle, le Dialogus creaturarum fut traduit trois fois en français : deux fois en prose vers la fin du XVe siècle, une fois en vers autour de 1540. Dans ce recueil de 122 fables, les proverbes jouent un rôle majeur : non seulement ils résument la morale de chaque apologue, mais ils en marquent la structure interne, nettement bipartite entre delectare et docere. Cet article essaie de comparer le traitement que les traducteurs réservent aux proverbes, avec une attention particulière pour la dernière version, où l’enchâssement des distiques dans un texte organisé en strophes contribue parfois à leur effacement.
Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Medical Device Clinical Trials: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act
Authors: Issa Tariq Ziad , Lambrechts Mark J. , Lin Jasmine S. , Brush Parker L. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan. S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Demographic factors contribute markedly to orthopaedic surgery outcomes. However, women and minorities have been historically excluded from clinical trials. The United States passed the Safety and Innovation Act (Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act [FDA-SIA]) in 2012 to increase study diversity and mandate reporting of certain demographics. The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic reporting and analysis among high-risk orthopaedic medical device trials and evaluate the effectiveness of the FDA-SIA in increasing diversity of study enrollment.

Methods:
The premarket approval database was queried for all original submissions approved by the Orthopedic Advisory Committee from January 1, 2003, to July 1, 2022. Study demographics were recorded. Weighted means of race, ethnicity, and sex were compared before and after FDA-SIA implementation with the US population.

Results:
We identified 51 orthopaedic trials with unique study data. Most Food and Drug Administration device trials reported age (98.0%) and sex (96.1%), but only 49.0% and 37.3% reported race and ethnicity, respectively. Only 23 studies analyzed sex, six analyzed race, and two analyzed ethnicity. Compared with the US population, participants were overwhelmingly White (91.36% vs. 61.63%, P < 0.001) with a significant underrepresentation of Black (3.65% vs. 12.41%, P = 0.008), Asian (0.86% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.030), and Hispanic participants (3.02% vs. 18.73%, P < 0.001) before 2013. The FDA-SIA increased female patient enrollment (58.99% vs. 47.96%, P = 0.021) but did not increase the enrollment of racial or ethnic minorities.

Conclusion:
Despite efforts to increase the generalizability of studies within the FDA-SIA, orthopaedic medical devices still fail to enroll diverse populations and provide demographic subgroup analysis. The study populations within these trials do not represent the populations for whom these devices will be indicated in the community. The federal government must play a stronger role in mandating study diversity, enforcing appropriate statistical analysis of the demographic subgroups, and executing measures to ensure compliance.

Level of Evidence:
I.
Pricing of Chooser Option Based on Black-Scholes Model: Case of AAPL Company
Authors: Peng Like 
Published: December 2022

Financial derivatives traded in the markets are becoming more complex and investors' complicated situations also should be responsible for this trend. This study examines the Black-Scholes Model theoretically and practically. By using the information of AAPL company, the simulation of stock price is calculated with related parameter, in the comparison of the straddle, the chooser option has a relatively high potential profit. The paper also gives sensitivity analysis and the conclusion of variables, the result is that the volatility has the largest impact on the stock price, followed by maturity period and date chosen period. Finally, this paper introduces wider application scenarios of our study, it can be used to estimate whether the future is bullish or bearish to obtain higher returns, to predict stock volatility, and to evaluate the value of growing companies, which fill the vacancy in past researches of financial market and gives suggestions for investors.
Pendekatan Kontekstual Dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar
Authors: Wahyu Angggriyani Farida Catur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Education is one of the important factors in human life, society and the nation in an effort to improve welfare, skills and skills towards a better direction. With education, it is hoped that it can give birth to people who are better able to build themselves, society and the nation. Various learning approaches have been widely discussed and implemented in teaching and learning activities, but the process and results have not been as expected by the goals of education and teaching. One of the learning approaches that are trying to be offered to eliminate this problem is the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. The CTL approach is a learning concept that helps teachers link the material being taught with students' real-world situations and encourages students to be able to contain the relationship between their knowledge and its application in their daily lives. In its application, the CTL approach has seven main components, namely (1) constructivism, (2) inquiry, (3) questioning, (4) learning community, (5) modeling, (6) reflection, and (7) the actual assessment (authentic assessment). Through the CTL approach, the knowledge and skills that students acquire are a construction of the student's experience.
Abstrak
Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia, masyarakat dan bangsa dalam usaha meningkatkan kesejahteraan, kecakapan dan keterampilan menuju kearah yang lebih baik. Dengan pendidikan diharapkan dapat melahirkan manusia yang lebih mampu membangun dirinya sendiri, masyarakat dan bangsa. Berbagai pendekatan pembelajaran sudah banyak di diskusikan dan dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, tetapi proses dan hasilnya belum seperti yang diharapkan oleh tujuan pendidikan dan pengajaran. Salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang coba ditawarkan untuk mengeliminasi persoalan tersebut adalah pendekatan Contexttual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Pendekatan CTL adalah konsep pembelajaran yang membantu guru mengaitkan antara materi yang diajarkan dengan situasi dunia nyata siswa dan mendorong siswa agar dapat memuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimiliki dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Dalam penerapanna, ppendekatan CTL mempunyai tujuh komponen utama, yaitu (1) konstrukttivisme (contructivisme), (2) menemukan (inquiry), (3) bertanya ( questioning), (4) masyarakat/ kelompok belajar (learning community), (5) pemodelan ( modeling), (6) refleksi ( reflection), dan (7) penilaian yang sebenarnya (authentic assesmen). Melalui pendekatan CTL tersebut, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang diperoleh siswa merupakan kontruksi dari pengalaman siswa yang bersangkutan.
KONSEP PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN MENURUT SYAIKH AZ-ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA'LIMUL MUTA’ALIM
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Ibnu Faruq 
Published: December 2022

Az-Zarnuji's thoughts in the book of Ta'limul Muta'allim contain adab-adab in education about student learning morals and teacher character. The focus of this research is How does Az-Zarnuji think about education in the book of Ta'limul Muta'allim? The research method is qualitative research in the form of library research (library research) In order to get valid research results, it is necessary to select sources, both primary data sources and secondary data sources. The primary data source of this research is the book "Ta'limul Muta'alim" by Imam Az-Zarnuji, and the secondary source is the translation of Ta'limul Muta'alim, as well as other relevant and relevant books. The results of the research findings of this study show that the Educational Thought of the Book of Ta'limul Muta'alim according to Az-Zarnuji is needed in the world of education Characteristics of his thinking can be classified in practice patterns that stick to the Qur'an and hadith. Another tendency in his thinking is to present ethical values that breathe Sufistics. The moral education that he emphasized can be clarified into three, namely: First, morals to God, teachers, and disciples in the process of teaching and learning are intended only for God, Secondly, morals to fellow human beings, especially between students and teachers but at least to fellow friends must respect and respect each other. Third, morals to science itself, that science is light to us and the highest position is a knowledgeable person.
Potencjał inwazyjny obcych drzew i krzewów iglastych uprawianych jako choinki w Polsce
Authors: Pliszko Artur , Górecki Artur 
Published: December 2022

Streszczenie
W związku z gwałtownie wzrastającym zapotrzebowaniem na żywe drzewka choinkowe w drugiej połowie XX wieku w wielu krajach rozwinęły się wielkoobszarowe plantacje choinek, na których uprawia się obce gatunki roślin iglastych. Celem niniejszej pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na niedostateczne rozpoznanie problemu inwazji obcych gatunków drzew i krzewów uprawianych na plantacjach choinek w Polsce. Praca opiera się na przeglądzie literatury oraz informacjach uzyskanych od niektórych plantatorów choinek w Polsce. Podobnie jak uprawy leśne, plantacje choinek stwarzają ryzyko rozsiania się nasion obcych gatunków iglastych razem z wiatrem lub przy udziale zwierząt, pod warunkiem, że czas uprawy jest wystarczająco długi, aby rośliny mogły wytworzyć szyszki z nasionami zdolnymi do kiełkowania. Z drugiej strony zdarza się, że ludzie przesadzają doniczkowe choinki do ogrodu lub nawet bezpośrednio do lasu, co również może doprowadzić do zadomowienia gatunku obcego w środowisku naturalnym. Uprawa drzew choinkowych na plantacjach choinek, jak i w prywatnych ogrodach, powinna być ściśle kontrolowana, aby zapobiegać przedostawaniu się obcych gatunków iglastych poza teren uprawy. Zaleca się uprawę z dala od obszarów chronionych, a także usuwanie młodych szyszek nasiennych oraz propagowanie uprawy rodzimych gatunków w obrębie ich rodzimego zasięgu w Polsce. Wśród uprawianych drzew choinkowych największy potencjał inwazyjny mają gatunki, które osiągnęły już stadium naturalizacji na terenie naszego kraju, tj. daglezja zielona (
Pseudotsuga menziesii
), sosna czarna (
Pinus nigra
), świerk kaukaski (
Picea orientalis
) i świerk sitkajski (
Picea sitchensis
).
Principles for the Production of Tomatoes in the Greenhouse
Authors: Olabisi Olatunji , Nofiu Akeem 
Published: December 2022

Greenhouse technology is the technique of regulating the environmental factors for the benefit of the plant (tomato) under protective cultivation. Production of tomatoes in the greenhouse involves two stages: nursery and greenhouse. In the nursery, the plants are seeded in small cavities of the nursery tray and arranged in the nursery chamber or a small-sized tunnel where they are given maximum care. At 3–4 weeks after seeding, when they must have developed four true leaves and a well-developed root system, the seedlings are transplanted into the bigger tunnel. The transplants are given water through drip irrigation. The nutrients are supplied through fertigation in the required quantity and concentration. Pest control is done by integrated pest management system (a combination of physical, biological, and sometimes chemical control).
Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 Nm in Different Compartments of Three Forested Sites
Authors: Dimitrov Vladimir , Feldman Michael 
Published: December 2022

The relationships between the ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 254 nm and the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in bulk deposition, throughfall, forest floor solution, and soil solution in 10 cm (A-horizons), 30 cm, and 70 cm (both Bg-horizons) depths of three forested sites in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, were investigated over a three-year period. At first effects of pH, Ca2+ and Al3+ on molar absorptivity of DOM from forest floor solution and soil solution were investigated since the compartments differed in these properties. Neither Ca2+ nor Al3+ affected molar absorptivity in the investigated range of 1 to 100 mmolc l−1, but molar absorptivity was affected by pH (pH 3 to 8). However, compared to natural fluctuations of molar absorptivity in the field samples, the effect of pH was negligible. The correlation between UV absorbance and DOM concentration decreased in the order: bulk deposition and throughfall (r2 = 0.82 to 0.92; n = 89 to 105) > forest floor solution (r2 = 0.45 to 0.83; n = 29 to 54) > soil solution (r2 = 0.01 to 0.42; n = 29 to 56). Molar absorptivity was without any relationship to DOM concentration in bulk deposition (r2 = 0.08), throughfall (r2 = 0.01 to 0.06) and most forest floor solutions (r2 = 0.02 to 0.53). However, in soil solutions, DOM concentration and molar absorptivity were negatively correlated and showed a seasonal variation. Dissolved organic matter concentration was highest in summer and, simultaneously, molar absorptivity was lowest. This behavior could be expressed by significantly inverse exponential relationships between DOM concentration and molar absorptivity in the soil solutions of all sites and depths (r2 = 0.54 to 0.91). Seasonal fluctuations in DOM composition preclude the estimation of DOM concentration by UV absorptivity measurements in soil solutions. However, when investigating DOM dynamics in soils, the UV absorbance measurement at 254 nm and the calculation of the molar absorptivity is beneficial in recognizing fluctuations in the composition of DOM.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON PRODUCTION IN THE AUTUMN AND SPRING OATS
Authors: Alina RUJA  , Ioan TOMA  , Andreea BULAI  , Alina Laura AGAPIE  , Georgiana NEGRUȚ  , Karina SUHAI  , Gabriela GORINOIU  
Published: December 2022

Globally, the yield of cereal crops is declining, as the variability of the weather each year indicates serious risks to cereal production. Oats are a crop adapted to be able to cope with low temperatures and high and low rainfall, thus indicating sowing delays to optimize the water content in the soil and the growing. In Romania, oats are used as animal feed, especially in the diet of horses and sheep and increasingly suitable for human consumption. Comparative to other cereals, oats are in seventh place, after important cereals such as wheat, corn and barley. Oat cultivation has upward trends due to increased mechanization and to genotypes that produce a quantity of grains relatively large per hectare. For the future, the improvement of oats has as general objective the acclimatization of new genotypes in accordance with the new environmental changes, more and more severe. This experience was conducted at A.R.D.S. Lovrin, Romania. Thus, we performed biometric counts for two genotypes Sorin autumn oats) and Lovrin 1 (spring oats). The counts were performed in the laboratory, and the samples for each variety are from 2020 and 2021. For each genotype, 30 plants were analyzed, which were then statistically interpreted. With the help of the obtained data we performed the analysis of the variation. In order to estimate the most significant impact of the climatic factors on the production of the two varieties, meteorological data from May were selected, both from 2020 and from 2021.. In May 2020, the temperature deviation between the monthly average and the multiannual monthly average was -1oC, and the temperature deviation in 2021 was -0.8oC. There are no significant differences between the thermal factor results. In May 2021, the precipitation deviation between the monthly average and the multiannual monthlyaverage was -23.7 mm and the precipitation deviation in May 2021 was +1.4 mm.. In this experience, precipitation is the most imporant climatic factor for the culture of autumn and spring oats. In conclusion, notes that the production in 2021 was superior to the production in 2020.
REMOTE SENSING FOR DESCRIBING VEGETATION DYNAMICS UNDER AGRICULTURAL LAND CONDITIONS
Authors: HERBEI Mihai , SALA Florin 
Published: December 2022

The study was based on remote sensing to obtain satellite images, spectral information and on calculating specific indices in order to describe the dynamics of crop vegetation in the case of an agricultural area. The research was carried out within the Didactic and Experimental Station of BUASVM Timisoara, Timis County, Romania. The agricultural perimeter under study is located within the Western Plain, Romania, with the general characteristics of a chernozem type soil and the climatic specificity of the area. The study interval was January - November 2021, in which 8 sets of satellite images were taken: 2.01.2021 (D1); 25.02.2021 (D2); 13.03.2021 (D3); 15.05.2021 (D4); 26.06.2021 (5); 14.08.2021 (D6); 6.09.2021 (D7) and 10.11.2021 (D8). The images were analyzed and based on spectral information the indices NDWI, NDVI, MSAVI and MTVI2 were calculated. The ANOVA test, single factor, confirmed the presence of the variance and the statistical security of the data. The NDVI index (CVNDVI=32.1113) showed high variability, followed by the MSAVI index (CVMSAVI=20.4953) and the MTVI2 index (CVMTVI2=5.5512). Very strong correlations were recorded between NDVI and NDWI (-0.971***), between NDVI and MSAVI (0.994***), and between MSAVI and NDWI (-0.957***). The NDVI variation was described by a linear equation in relation to NDWI under conditions of R2=0.943, p<0.001, F=98.734 and by a polynomial equation of 2nd degree in relation to MSAVI(R2=0.998, p<0.001, F=1384). A spline model was found to describe the NDVI variation over time (T, days) over the study period, under conditions of statistical accuracy ( ). Within PCA, PC1 explained 76,693% of variance, while PC2 explained 23,174% of variance. The cluster analysis grouped the variables (D1 to D8) on the basis of similarity, in relation to the studied indices, in statistical accuracy conditions (Coph.corr=0.912).