bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network–based fully automated cardiac resting phase detection algorithm compared with manual detection in patients
Authors: Ogawa Ryo , Kido Tomoyuki , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Yagi Yuri , Su Yoon Seung , Wetzl Jens , Schmidt Michaela , Kido Teruhito 
Published: October 2022

Background A cardiac resting phase is used when performing free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance examinations. Purpose The purpose of this study was to test a cardiac resting phase detection system based on neural networks in clinical practice. Material and Methods Four chamber-view cine images were obtained from 32 patients and analyzed. The rest duration, start point, and end point were compared between that determined by the experts and general operators, and a similar comparison was done between that determined by the experts and neural networks: the normalized root-mean-square error (RMSE) was also calculated. Results Unlike manual detection, the neural network was able to determine the resting phase almost simultaneously as the image was obtained. The rest duration and start point were not significantly different between the neural network and expert ( p = .30, .90, respectively), whereas the end point was significantly different between the two groups ( p < .05). The start point was not significantly different between the general operator and expert ( p = .09), whereas the rest duration and end point were significantly different between the two groups ( p < .05). The normalized RMSEs of the rest duration, start point, and end point of the neural network were 0.88, 0.64, and 0.33 ms, respectively, which were lower than those of the general operator (normalized RMSE values were 0.98, 0.68, and 0.51 ms, respectively). Conclusions The neural network can determine the resting phase instantly with better accuracy than the manual detection of general operators.
Patient Perspectives on Home-Based Care and Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Carter Jocelyn , Donelan Karen , Thorndike Anne N. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: As individual interventions, home-based care and remote monitoring have been shown to help prevent hospitalizations for those with heart failure (HF) although both interventions have been limited by scalability and technical constraints, respectively. Few qualitative studies have explored patient perspectives, including acceptability, barriers, and facilitators of HF care inclusive of both interventions. The objective of this study is to explore patient perceptions on HF management at home, the use of home-based remote monitoring, and the value of home-based care. Methods: Qualitative interviews (N = 27) were conducted via phone (12/2020-3/2021) with adults with HF. A framework analysis was used to identify main themes along with verbatim transcription for coding and analyses. There were 5 key interview domains: general HF knowledge, perceptions of the value of home-based care, unmet needs related to the social determinants of health (SDOH), experience with healthcare technology and remote monitoring, and challenges in HF home management. Results: Five major themes emerged. Patients reported: (1) home-based care plan instructions are understood; (2) following medication, diet, and fluid management instructions are challenging due to difficult adherence to and implementation at home; (3) financial limitations serve as barriers to acquiring healthy food; (4) home-based support is a valuable component of managing medications, diet, and fluid; (5) despite limited use of technology, strong willingness to use remote monitoring is present amongst most. Conclusions: Participants reported understanding of care plan instructions and challenges adhering to care plans at home. Barriers included needing more home-based support for medications, diet, and fluid management and requiring additional assistance with financial barriers related to unmet social needs. A combined intervention inclusive of remote monitoring and home-based support has potential to improve home-based strategies and clinical outcomes for HF patients.
Ultrasound-guided bilateral modified-thoracoabdominal nerve block through a perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Bilge Ayşegül , Başaran Betül , Et Tayfun , Korkusuz Muhammet , Yarımoğlu Rafet , Toprak Hatice , Kumru Nuh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through the perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) is a new technique that provides effective analgesia of the anterior and lateral thoracoabdominal walls by administering local anesthesia only to the underside of the perichondral surface. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of M-TAPA block performed before surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Method
The present study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective study. A total of 68 patients were included in the study. In group M-TAPA, M-TAPA block was performed bilaterally after the induction of general anesthesia. No block was performed on the group control. The postoperative pain scores, analgesic use in the first 24 h, antiemetic consumption, sedation, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) scores were recorded.

Results
Pain scores were significantly lower in group M-TAPA than in the group control, both during resting and motion at all times (p < 0.001 at each time point). The total amount of tramadol consumed in the first 24 h was lower in group M-TAPA [median 100 mg, min-max (0-200)] than in the group control (P < 0.001). Postoperative median QoR-40 scores were higher in group M-TAPA compared with the group control (P < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups in terms of other results.

Conclusion
After the LC surgery, ultrasound-guided M-TAPA block reduced postoperative pain scores and tramadol consumption effectively. It was observed that the quality of recovery was also higher because QoR-40 scores were higher.
Motion artefact reduction in coronary CT angiography images with a deep learning method
Authors: Ren Pengling , He Yi , Zhu Yi , Zhang Tingting , Cao Jiaxin , Wang Zhenchang , Yang Zhenghan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a pixel-to-pixel generative adversarial network (GAN) to remove motion artefacts in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) images.

Methods
Ninety-seven patients who underwent single-cardiac-cycle multiphase CCTA were retrospectively included in the study, and raw CCTA images and SnapShot Freeze (SSF) CCTA images were acquired. The right coronary artery (RCA) was investigated because its motion artefacts are the most prominent among the artefacts of all coronary arteries. The acquired data were divided into a training dataset of 40 patients, a verification dataset of 30 patients and a test dataset of 27 patients. A pixel-to-pixel GAN was trained to generate improved CCTA images from the raw CCTA imaging data using SSF CCTA images as targets. The GAN’s ability to remove motion artefacts was evaluated by the structural similarity (SSIM), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and circularity index. Furthermore, the image quality was visually assessed by two radiologists.

Results
The circularity was significantly higher for the GAN-generated images than for the raw images of the RCA (0.82 ± 0.07 vs. 0.74 ± 0.11, p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the GAN-generated images and SSF images (0.82 ± 0.07 vs. 0.82 ± 0.06, p = 0.96). Furthermore, the GAN-generated images achieved the SSIM of 0.87 ± 0.06, significantly better than those of the raw images 0.83 ± 0.08 (p < 0.001). The results for the DSC showed that the overlap between the GAN-generated and SSF images was significantly higher than the overlap between the GAN-generated and raw images (0.84 ± 0.08 vs. 0.78 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). The motion artefact scores of the GAN-generated CCTA images of the pRCA and mRCA were significantly higher than those of the raw CCTA images (3 [4–3] vs 4 [5–4], p = 0.022; 3 [3–2] vs 5[5–4], p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A GAN can significantly reduce the motion artefacts in CCTA images of the middle segment of the RCA and has the potential to act as a new method to remove motion artefacts in coronary CCTA images.
The role of optical coherence tomography angiography in distinguishing ischemic versus non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: An Weiting , Zhao Qi , Yu Rongguo , Han Jindong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction:To observe macular microvascular changes in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and explore the value of OCTA in differentiating ischemic and non-ischemic CRVO.Methods:Cross sectional study. Fifty patients diagnosed as CRVO with macular edema were included. Macular edema in all patients were regressive after three consecutive anti-VEGF treatment. Patients were divided into ischemic and non-ischemic group according to ultra-wide-angle fundus fluorescein angiography (UWFFA). All patients underwent BCVA, IOP, color fundus photography, UWFFA and OCTA. The following parameters were measured: (1) Vessel density (VD): superficial and deep whole VD (SVD, DVD), superficial and deep central fovea VD (SFVD, DFVD), superficial and deep parafoveal VD (SPFVD, DPFVD); (2) Central foveal retinal thickness (CRT); (3) Area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), perimeter of FAZ (PERIM), avascular index of FAZ (AI) and VD within a width of 300 microns around the FAZ region (FD-300). Comparison between ischemic and non-ischemic group was performed by two independent sample t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the area under the curve (AUC) of VD for predicting ischemic CRVO.Results:There were no significant differences in IOP, SFVD, DFVD and CRT between ischemic and non-ischemic group, and significant differences in age, BCVA, SVD, SPFVD, DVD, DPFVD, FAZ area, PERIM, AI and FD-300 between ischemic and non-ischemic group. ROC curve analysis showed AUC of DVD and DPFVD in predicting ischemic CRVO was highest (0.962). the threshold was 38.40%, and the sensitivity was 100%, but the specificity of DVD (92.3%) was significantly higher than that of DPFVD (84.6%). Therefore, DVD ≤ 38.40% can be used as the best threshold for determining ischemic CRVO.Conclusion:OCTA can quantitatively evaluate the macular microvascular structure of CRVO, which is helpful to distinguish ischemic from non-ischemic CRVO.
A retrospective study exploring how South African newspapers framed Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders over an 11-year period (2004–2014)
Authors: Masinga Nombuso , Nyamaruze Patrick , Akintola Olagoke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:
The way schizophrenia is portrayed in the media contributes to the dissemination of misinformation about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of mental disorders and has the potential to perpetuate or mitigate the stigmatization of schizophrenia. While research on the news media’s role in exacerbating or mitigating the stigmatization of schizophrenia has been conducted widely in other contexts, our search did not yield any study on media framing of schizophrenia in South Africa. Therefore, this study used the framing theory to examine the media framing of schizophrenia following the enactment of two mental health policies in South Africa.

Methods:
We examined 216 news stories that covered the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders from 20 South African newspapers retrieved from the SABINET – SA Media online archive over an 11-year period (2004–2014). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the news stories.

Results:
The findings show that most of the news stories had problems as their main frame. These were followed by stories framed to diagnose the causes of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; and stories that made moral judgements about issues around the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Stories that were classified as suggesting remedies were relatively less frequent. A common thread in the news stories was the misperceptions about schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Media framing of the cultural interpretations of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders tended to be derogatory and therefore stigmatising. Most news stories framed schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders as mainly caused by using psychoactive drugs/substance with Cannabis as the most frequently mentioned psychoactive drug.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the role of media analyses in framing schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders following the development of major mental health policies. The study showed that the media framing of schizophrenia could perpetuate stigmatisation, discrimination and social rejection of people with lived experiences of the condition. Our findings highlight the need for collaboration between researchers and the media to enhance opportunities for improved and more nuanced reporting of mental health issues.
Worldwide cancer statistics of adults over 75 years old in 2019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Xiang Danhong , Hu Shiwei , Mai Tianxiang , Zhang Xinlu , Zhang Lan , Wang Shengjie , Jin Keyi , Huang Jian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Cancer has become one of the major killers of humanity due to the number of people over the age of 75 increasing with population ageing. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence and mortality rates in people over 75 of 29 cancer types in 204 countries and regions, as well as the trends from 1990 to 2019.

Methods
Twenty-nine cancer types were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/). We collected global cancer data for 2019 in terms of sex, age, sociodemographic index (SDI), region, etc. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the trend of the cancer incidence and mortality rate from 1990 to 2019.

Results
In 2019, the number of new cancer cases and deaths among people 75 and older was almost 3 and 4.5 times that of 1990, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, there was a slow rise in incidence and a slight decline in mortality. There were significant differences in the cancer burden based on sex, age, region, and SDI. The cancer burden in men was higher than in women. In addition, the cancer burden varied from region to region. The highest cancer burden occurred in high-income North America. In addition, the higher the SDI was, the greater the burden of cancer. The incidence of cancer in high SDI was approximately seven times that of low SDI, and the trend of increase in high SDI was obvious. However, the trend of mortality in high SDI was decreasing, while it was increasing in low SDI.

Conclusions
The present study focused on the cancer burden in adults over 75 years old. The findings in the study could serve as the basis for an analysis of the types of cancers that are most prevalent in different regions. This is beneficial for strategies of prevention and treatment according to the characteristics of different countries and regions to reduce the burden of cancer in older adults.
Assessing trial representativeness using serious adverse events: an observational analysis using aggregate and individual-level data from clinical trials and routine healthcare data
Authors: Hanlon Peter , Butterly Elaine , Shah Anoop S. V. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Wild Sarah H. , Guthrie Bruce , Mair Frances S. , Dias Sofia , Welton Nicky J. , McAllister David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The applicability of randomised controlled trials of pharmacological agents to older people with frailty/multimorbidity is often uncertain, due to concerns that trials are not representative. However, assessing trial representativeness is challenging and complex. We explore an approach assessing trial representativeness by comparing rates of trial serious adverse events (SAE) to rates of hospitalisation/death in routine care.

Methods
This was an observational analysis of individual (125 trials, n=122,069) and aggregate-level drug trial data (483 trials, n=636,267) for 21 index conditions compared to population-based routine healthcare data (routine care). Trials were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov. Routine care comparison from linked primary care and hospital data from Wales, UK (n=2.3M). Our outcome of interest was SAEs (routinely reported in trials). In routine care, SAEs were based on hospitalisations and deaths (which are SAEs by definition). We compared trial SAEs in trials to expected SAEs based on age/sex standardised routine care populations with the same index condition. Using IPD, we assessed the relationship between multimorbidity count and SAEs in both trials and routine care and assessed the impact on the observed/expected SAE ratio additionally accounting for multimorbidity.

Results
For 12/21 index conditions, the pooled observed/expected SAE ratio was <1, indicating fewer SAEs in trial participants than in routine care. A further 6/21 had point estimates <1 but the 95% CI included the null. The median pooled estimate of observed/expected SAE ratio was 0.60 (95% CI 0.55–0.64; COPD) and the interquartile range was 0.44 (0.34–0.55; Parkinson’s disease) to 0.87 (0.58–1.29; inflammatory bowel disease). Higher multimorbidity count was associated with SAEs across all index conditions in both routine care and trials. For most trials, the observed/expected SAE ratio moved closer to 1 after additionally accounting for multimorbidity count, but it nonetheless remained below 1 for most.

Conclusions
Trial participants experience fewer SAEs than expected based on age/sex/condition hospitalisation and death rates in routine care, confirming the predicted lack of representativeness. This difference is only partially explained by differences in multimorbidity. Assessing observed/expected SAE may help assess the applicability of trial findings to older populations in whom multimorbidity and frailty are common.
Are intentions to change, policy awareness, or health knowledge related to changes in dietary intake following a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa? A before-and-after study
Authors: Essman Michael , Zimmer Catherine , Carpentier Francesca Dillman , Swart Elizabeth C. , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In April 2018, South Africa implemented the Health Promotion Levy (HPL), one of the first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to be based on each gram of sugar (beyond 4 g/100mL). The objectives of this study were to examine whether the psychological constructs tax awareness, SSB knowledge, SSB risk perception, and intentions to reduce SSB intake were associated with taxed beverage intake, whether they changed from pre- to post-tax, and whether they modified the effect of the HPL.

Methods
We collected single day 24-hour dietary recalls surveyed from repeat cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18–39 years in Langa, South Africa. Participants were recruited in February-March 2018 (pre-tax, N = 2,481) and February-March 2019 (post-tax, N = 2,507) using door-to-door sampling. Surveys measured tax awareness, SSB knowledge, SSB risk perception, and intention to reduce SSB intake. SSB intake was estimated using a two-part model. To examine changes over time, logistic regression models were used for binary outcomes (tax awareness and intention to reduce SSB consumption) and linear regression models for continuous outcomes (SSB knowledge SSB risk perceptions). Effect modification was tested using interaction terms for each psychological construct with time.

Results
No constructs were associated with SSB intake at baseline. At post-tax, the predicted probability to consume taxed beverages was 33.5% (95% CI 28.5–38.5%) for those who expressed an intention to reduce SSB intake compared to 45.9% (95% CI 43.7–48.1%) for those who did not. Among consumers, intending to reduce SSB intake was associated with 55 (95% CI 28 to 82) kcal/capita/day less SSBs consumed. Tax awareness, SSB knowledge, and SSB risk perception increased by a small amount from pre- to post-tax. Intentions to reduce SSB intake was lower in the post-tax period. The tax effect on SSB intake was modified by SSB knowledge and intention to reduce SSB intake, with higher levels of each associated with lower SSB intake.

Conclusion
After the South African SSB tax was implemented, SSB knowledge and risk perception increased slightly, tax awareness remained low, and only SSB knowledge and behavioral intention to change were significantly associated with taxed beverage intake among participants recruited from a low-income South African township.
Impact of age on the cerebrospinal fluid spaces: high-convexity and medial subarachnoid spaces decrease with age
Authors: Hidaka Yosuke , Hashimoto Mamoru , Suehiro Takashi , Fukuhara Ryuji , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Tsunoda Naoko , Koyama Asuka , Honda Kazuki , Miyagawa Yusuke , Yoshiura Kazuhiro , Boku Shuken , Ishii Kazunari , Ikeda Manabu , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and play a crucial role in brain health in older people; nonetheless, such age-related changes have not been well elucidated. Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) is a neuroimaging phenotype of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, originating from impaired CSF dynamics, and closely associated with aging. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of DESH and determine age-related changes in CSF dynamics.

Methods
Using magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the pathophysiology of DESH by quantitatively evaluating the volumes of DESH-related regions (ventricles [VS], Sylvian fissure [SF], and subarachnoid spaces at high convexity and midline [SHM]) and brain parenchyma in community-dwelling individuals aged  ≥ 65 years. DESH-related regions were assessed using a visual rating scale, and volumes measured using voxel-based morphometry. Brain parenchyma volumes were measured using FreeSurfer software.

Results
Data from 1,356 individuals were analyzed, and 25 (1.8%) individuals had DESH. Regarding the relationships between the volume of each CSF space and age, VS and SF volumes increased with age, whereas SHM volume did not increase. VS and SF volumes increased as the whole brain volume decreased, whereas SHM volume did not increase even if the whole brain volume decreased; that is, SHM did not expand even if brain atrophy progressed. Moreover, lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly associated with lower SHM volume and higher VS volume. These associations remained significant even when individuals with DESH were excluded.

Conclusions
This study showed that the volume of high-convexity and medial subarachnoid spaces did not expand and tended to decrease with age; the human brain continuously progresses toward a “DESH-like” morphology with aging in community-dwelling older persons (i.e., DESH might be an “accelerated aging stage” rather than an “age-related disorder”). Our results indicated that brain atrophy may be associated with the development of “DESH-like” morphology. In addition, this morphological change, as well as brain atrophy, is an important condition associated with cognitive decline in older adults. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the aging process of CSF dynamics in the human brain to preserve brain health in older people.