bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervisor experiences of extended clinical placements in optometry: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kirkman Jacqueline M , Bentley Sharon A , Wood-Bradley Ryan J , Woods Craig A , Armitage James A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn Australia, optometry students have traditionally undertaken their clinical training in short-block rotations at University-led teaching clinics in metropolitan locations. Demand for clinical placements is growing as the number of optometry students steadily increases. As such, universities and clinical education providers must look for more diverse methods of student placement. Extended clinical placements in community-based settings are one alternative: a model similar to the longitudinal clerkships in medicine. This study aimed to explore the experience of extended clinical placements from the perspective of the optometrists who supervised students. It also sought to determine whether there were differences in views between metropolitan and rural practitioners.MethodsThis mixed methods study included a survey and interviews with optometrists who had previously supervised Deakin University optometry students on an extended 26-week (2 x 13-weeks) clinical placement. Lines of enquiry focused on; the benefits and challenges associated with extended placements; areas for improvement; duration of the placement; and willingness to supervise further students. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s 6 step method of thematic analysis with a qualitative descriptive approach. ResultsSupervisors felt that hosting a student prompted greater reflective practice and critical appraisal of clinical decisions. The extended nature of the placement was thought to foster greater immersion in the clinical setting and community for the students and establish a stronger relationship between supervisor and student. Supervisors recognised the importance of role-modelling and mentoring the next generation of optometrists however noted that taking on a student was a sizeable commitment. Willingness to host a student was not dependent on the supervisor’s location (rural vs metropolitan) p = 0.57. However, interviews uncovered motivations that were unique to supervisors residing in rural locations, such as succession planning.ConclusionOverall, supervisors were positive about the value of student extended clinical placement in optometry and felt that it was a fulfilling and professionally beneficial experience. Lack of time and financial remuneration were the key downsides highlighted. Schools of optometry might carefully consider engaging in discussion about the duration of such placements, but 26 weeks was considered appropriate by supervisors.
Non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is correlated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Ding Xiaoying , Wang Xuejiao , Tang Min , Cao Han , Dong Weiping , Peng Yongde , Fan Nengguang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese individuals (non-obese NAFLD) is correlated with multiple metabolic abnormalities, while its relationship with type 2 diabetes has yet to be fully evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between non-obese NAFLD and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 2037 non-obese individuals ( body mass index（BMI）＜25kg/m2). Clinical parameters were determined while the diagnosis of NAFLD was done by ultrasonography. Results: The non-obese NAFLD prevalent in the present study was 15.6%. Non-obese NAFLD patients had elevated BMI, blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and insulin resistance levels than those without NAFLD. Furthermore, the incidence of type 2 diabetes was markedly elevated in the non-obese NAFLD group, relative to control group (29.7% and 11.2%, respectively). After adjustment of confounding factors (age, BMI, sex, lipid profiles, blood pressure and insulin resistance), the odd ratio (95% CI) for diabetes were 2.37 (1.69–3.31) in non-obese NAFLD group. Subgroup analysis showed that sex, age, BMI and TG did not change the association between type 2 diabetes and non-obese NAFLD. Conclusions: Non-obese NAFLD is closely related with type 2 diabetes independent of other metabolic factors.
Ovarian colorectal metastases: peritoneal or hematogeneous metastatic disease?
Authors: Leimkühler M. , Hemmer P.H.J. , Werner N. , de Hingh I.H.J.T. , Mourit M.J.E. , Hollema H. , de Bock G.H. , Leeuwen B.L. van 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeThere is an ongoing discussion whether ovarian colorectal metastases are the result of peritoneal or hematogeneous dissemination. The metastatic route has implications on the choice of treatment. This study aims to evaluate and discuss the factors indicating peritoneal or hematogenic dissemination and aims to evaluate and discuss the factors indicating peritoneal or haematogenic spreadMethodsA retrospective consecutive series of patients from two tertiary referral centers, who were treated for ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2018, was described. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of the primary tumor and the ovarian metastases were collected from patient files, the surgery reports and the pathology files. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, whereas binominal testing was used to compare the likelihood of two categories.ResultsData of 141 patients were included. In most cases the ovarian capsule (73.6%) was broken and 120 patients (85.1%) had peritoneal metastases at the time of diagnosis of the ovarian metastases. Most metastatic cells were found deep in the ovarian stroma (80.0%) and 26.2% of patients developed metachronous hematogeneous (distant and/or liver) metastases. ConclusionsIn this study we found characteristics that support a peritoneal as well as a hematogenous dissemination. Therefore, an undoubted conclusion regarding the metastatic route cannot be drawn. Future studies should focus on the biological behavior as well as on the outcome of patients with ovarian metastases after CRS+HIPEC to evaluate its added value in this patient group.
Migraine as the sole manifestation of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity
Authors: BUGNICOURT Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMigraine is a well-known extra-intestinal symptom of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). To date, it has been always associated with the gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of NCGS.Case presentationHere, we report on two patients with a long history of migraine as the sole manifestation of NCGS. Their response to a gluten-free diet was excellent.ConclusionsIn conclusion, clinicians should be aware that migraine can be the sole manifestation of NCGS patients. Given the growing prevalence of NGCS, these findings raise the question of whether all migrainous patients should be screened for NGCS.
Association between Anatomical Variations of the Circle of Willis and Covert Vascular Brain Injury in the General Population
Authors: Feng Lu , Zhai Fei-Fei , Li Ming-Li , Zhou Li-Xin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Jin Zheng-Yu , Cui Li-Ying , Zhang Shu-Yang , Han Fei , Zhu Yi-Cheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The circle of Willis (COW) is a circulatory anastomosis located at the base of the brain. Little is known about the association between covert vascular brain injury and COW configurations in the general population. We explored this relationship in a community-based Chinese sample.Methods: A total of 1055 patients (mean age, 54.8 ± 8.9 years; 36.0% men) without intracranial arterial stenosis were included in the analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate the presence of imaging markers of covert vascular brain injury, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular spaces, and brain atrophy. Magnetic resonance angiography was used to classify the COW configurations according to the completeness, symmetry, and presence of the fetal posterior cerebral artery (FTP). The association between vascular lesions and variations in COW was analyzed. Results: Among the 1055 patients, 104 (9.9%) had a complete COW. Completeness correlated with age (p=0.001). Incomplete COW was positively associated with WMH severity (OR=2.071; 95% CI, 1.004–4.270), and CMB presence (OR=1.542; 95% CI, 1.012–2.348), independent of age and sex. The presence of FTP was associated with lacunes (OR=1.878; 95% CI, 1.069–3.298), more severe WMHs (OR=1.739; 95% CI, 1.064–2.842), and less severe enlarged perivascular spaces (OR=0.562; 95% CI, 0.346–0.915). Conclusions: COW configuration was significantly related to various covert vascular brain injury.
Recombinant LH supplementation improves cumulative live birth rates in GnRH antagonist protocol: a multi-center retrospective study using a propensity score-matching analysis.
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Rui , Liang Xiaoyan , Mao Yundong , Shi Wenhao , Li Qian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Luteinization hormone (LH) is critical in follicle growth and oocyte maturation. However, the value of recombinant-LH (r-LH) supplementation to recombinant-follicle stimulation hormone (r-FSH) during controlled ovarian stimulation in Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist regimen is controversial. Methods: The multicenter retrospective cohort study recruited 899 GnRH antagonist cycles stimulated with r-LH and r-FSH in 3 reproductive centers, and matched to 2652 r-FSH stimulating cycles using propensity score matching (PSM) for potential confounders in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per complete cycle.Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable in the r-FSH/r-LH and r-FSH groups after PSM. The r-FSH/r-LH group achieved higher CLBR than the r-FSH group (66.95% VS 61.16%, p=0.006). R-LH supplementation also resulted in higher 2-pronuclear embryo rate, usable embryo rate, live birth rate in both fresh embryo transfer cycles and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. No significant differences were found in the moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rate, and cycle cancel rate in prevention of OHSS.Conclusions: R-LH supplementation to r-FSH in GnRH antagonist protocol was significantly associated with higher CLBR, live birth rate in fresh and FET cycles, and improved embryo quality without increasing OHSS rate and cycle cancel rate.
Optimization of Anti-vortex Blades Geometry in Morning Glory Spillways by Numerical simulation
Authors: Chitsazan Mohammad , Ghafouri Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dam spillway is a structure that discharges destructive excessive water, especially during floods, to downstream river. In some cases where limited space is available, morning glory spillway is used. This type of spillway is made up of a funnel-shape inlet, an inclined or vertical shaft, a 90-degree vertical bend, and an outlet conduit or tunnel. The main problem associated with morning glory spillway is the creation of strong vortices in the spillway inlet. One of the effective methods in controlling the vortices is the use of anti-vortex blades (piers) which are used to increase the discharge coefficient and spillway efficiency. The aim of this research is to find the best arrangement of Anti-vortex Blades in four different scenarios numerically using computer simulation. Each case was examined against four different flow rates of 160, 200, 240, 280 m 3 /s. The options with the highest discharge coefficient were considered as the best options for each discharge rate. In the next stage, in order to investigate the impact of higher water rates, the best options obtained for each discharge rate in the previous stage were also examined for the higher discharges of 320 and 400 m 3 /s. It was found out that among the 112 different blade arrangements, employing 12 blades with a length of 8 meters decreases the water head and increases the discharge coefficient up to 0.53 and 5.58 times, respectively, Also employing 2 blades each having a crest slope angle of 0° between the spillway crest and throat decreases the water head and increases the discharge coefficient up to 0.528 and 5.447 times, respectively. Given that both arrangements of Anti-vortex Blades have almost the same results in reducing the water head and also increasing the spillway discharge coefficient, the use of 2 blades each having a crest slope angle of 0° between the spillway crest and throat is very economical and it is therefore the optimum arrangement of blades.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic uveal melanoma: a real-life, retrospective cohort of 47 patients
Authors: Salaun Helene , de Koning Leanne , Saint-Ghislain Mathilde , Servois Vincent , Ramtohul Toulsie , Garcia Agathe , Matet Alexandre , Cassoux Nathalie , Mariani Pascale , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Rodrigues Manuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Although combined PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibition showed limited efficacy in single-arm, phase II trials in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), such combination appears frequently used in mUM patients. We here report our experience with nivolumab/ipilimumab in mUM.Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort of mUM patients treated with nivolumab/ipilimumab. Results: Forty-seven mUM patients, 24 men and 23 women, received nivolumab/ipilimumab between October 2019 and December 2021 mostly first-line (94%). Two regimens were used: nivolumab 1 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (nivo1ipi3, 49% of patients) and nivolumab 3 mg/kg + ipilimumab 1 mg/kg (nivo3ipi1, 51% of patients). Median follow-up was 37 and 88 weeks in nivo3ipi1 and nivo1ipi3 cohorts, respectively. We observed partial response in two patients (4%) and stable disease in 14 patients (30%), with no significant difference between the two regimens. Median progression-free survival was 13.6 weeks and 11.9 weeks in the nivo1ipi3 and nivo3ipi1 cohorts respectively (p = 0.49). Severe adverse events (grade 3 or 4) were observed in seven patients (15%) among which five treated with nivo1ipi3 (22%) and two treated with nivo3ipi1 (8%). Conclusion: Nivolumab/ipilimumab did not improve PFS compared to PD-1 inhibition monotherapy in historical cohorts but was more toxic. In the absence of controlled clinical trials, we would not recommend this combination as a standard treatment in all mUM patients but rather as an option. Patients for whom the benefit-risk ratio could justify the combination need to be defined.
Role of computed tomography severity score as a predictor of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prakash Jay , Kumar Naveen , Yadav Arun Kumar , Saran Khushboo , Kumar Amit , Bhattacharya Pradip Kumar , Prasad Anupa , Ekka Nishith M Paul , Priye Shio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious disease, has expanded fast over the world and continues to pose a serious threat to global public health. The prognosis for patients identified with severe or critical cases is bleak. As a result, it's vital for us to spot potentially serious or critical instances early on and treat patients as soon as possible. In the clinical practice of treating patients with COVID-19, we have observed that the computed tomography severity score (CTSS) of severe patients is higher than that in mild patients. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive values of CTSS on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify eligible studies (up to June 15, 2021). Two authors independently and repeatedly screened all possibly important citations and references in two phases, first reviewing titles and abstracts and thereafter completing manuscripts for those which qualified the parameters. Disagreements were settled by a third author. We used the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool to assess the risk of bias independently and in duplicate in studies of prognostic factors. The protocol for our systemic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021244069).Results: Twenty studies involving 3002 patients reported the predictive value of CTSS on disease severity. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI 0.79–0.90, I2 =81) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.92, I2 =95), respectively. The summary area under curve (sAUC) of CTSS for predicting disease severity was 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94). A total of ten studies were included for predictions of the mortality on the basis of CTSS and1784 patients were enrolled. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.81, I2 = 28.5) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.84, I2 = 80.5), respectively. The sAUC of CTSS for predicting mortality was 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87).Conclusion: CTSS has good discriminating power for the prediction of disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Evaluating CTSS can assist clinicians to become aware of potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective control in time, which may also lessen the mortality of COVID-19.
Association Between Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Chronic Constipation in Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhao Xuelian , Wang Lizhu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Several studies suggest a link between micronutrients and constipation. However, the relationship between constipation and phosphorus has rarely been examined. Consequently, the main aim of this study was to investigate the link between changes in the prevalence of chronic constipation and changes in dietary phosphorus intake among adults in the NHANES (National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey).Methods: Data were extracted from the NHANES database from 2005–2010. In total, after inclusion and exclusion, 13 948 people were included in the analysis. Dietary information was collected using the respondents’ 24-hour dietary records. We conducted several multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the correlation between phosphorus intake and poor bowel movement. Results: After multi-variate adjustment in model Ⅲ, there was a statistically significant association between chronic constipation and each additional 0.1 g intake of dietary phosphorus (odds ratio (OR), 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95, 1.00; P=0.034 for stool consistency vs OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90, 0.99; P=0.027 for stool frequency). After multi-variate adjustment in model Ⅲ, OR values and 95% CI from the second to fourth quartiles compared to the first quartile (reference group) were 0.92(0.66, 1.27), 0.73(0.47, 1.13), and 0.39(0.20, 0.76), respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed a negative correlation between phosphorus intake and chronic constipation. Further studies in different settings should be considered to verify these findings.
Learner Performance-based Behavior Optimization Algorithm: A Functional Case Study
Authors: Shahad  , Rashid Tarik A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A novel algorithm called learner performance-based behavior algorithm (LPB) was proposed for single and multi-objective by Chnoor M. Rahman and Tarik A. Rashid in 2021. LPB proved its ability to deal with complex optimization problems compared to the dragonfly algorithm (DA), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This paper presents and explains the implementation of the LPB algorithm, and it applies it as a model in a case study to maximize a fitness function. As a result, the LPB algorithm is successfully improved the initial population and achieved the optimal solution.
Emotion recognition in patients with low-grade glioma before and after surgery
Authors: Buunk A. M. , Gerritsen M. , Jeltema J. R. , Wagemakers M. , Metzemaekers J. D.M. , Groen R. J.M. , Spikman J. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose. Research on patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG) showed neurocognitive impairments in various domains. However, social cognition has barely been investigated, while it is acknowledged as an important neurocognitive domain. Facial emotion recognition is a vital aspect of social cognition, but whether emotion recognition is affected by LGG and/or resection, is unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the effect of LGG and resection, by examining emotion recognition pre- and postoperatively. Additionally, the relationship between emotion recognition and general cognition and tumor location was investigated. Methods. A longitudinal study, in which 30 patients with LGG who underwent resective surgery were included and matched with 63 healthy control participants (HC). Emotion recognition was measured with the Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests (FEEST). General cognition was measured with neuropsychological tests. Correlations, within-group and between-group comparisons were calculated. Results. Before surgery, patients performed significantly worse than HC on FEEST total (M=46.9, SD=5.4 vs. M=49.5, SD=4.9, p<0.05, d=0.52) and FEEST Anger (M=7.6, SD=1.9 vs. M=8.3, SD=1.5, p<0.05, d=0.43). Paired comparisons showed no significant differences between FEEST-scores before and post-surgery. No significant correlations with general cognition (memory) and tumor location were found. Conclusion. This study shows similar impairments in emotion recognition in patients with LGG before and after resection, which indicates that the tumor itself contributes significantly to social cognitive dysfunction and that surgery caused no additional deficit. Impairments were not related to general cognitive deficits or tumor location. Consequently, incorporating tests for emotion recognition into neuropsychological assessment of patients with LGG is important.
Effects of ACTH Treatment in Infantile Spasm; Insights from Electrocardiography and Echocardiography
Authors: Cevik berna saylan , ünver olcay , doğancı demet deniz , sağer güneş , akalın figen , türkdoğan dilşad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Infantile spasms (ISs) are a group of epileptic disorders, which represents the most frequent type of epilepsy in the first year of life. The most effective treatment for IS is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We hypothesized that ACTH treatment might have cardiac adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ACTH treatment on the heart muscle and/or arrhythmia risk in patients with IS.Methods: Twenty-four patients with IS and 24 healthy children (control group) participated in the study. Electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiography were studied during treatment, and evaluations were made at 0-2-4 and 6th months of the treatment. Results: None of the patients had significant tachycardia or bradycardia when compared with the healthy group, or during treatment. On the other hand, values of the PR, QRS, QT, tp/te, tpte/QT, and tpte/QTc values were significantly increased compared with either pretreatment values or each other, which indicated an increased arrhythmia risk in the patient group. In transthoracic echocardiographic examinations, we observed diminished diastolic dysfunctions, either with pulse wave or TDI Doppler. We found a significant difference between the groups in terms of longitudinal strain parameters. Conclusion: Although we use low-dose and short-duration ACTH treatment in patients with IS, it may cause subclinical damage to the heart muscle and an increased risk of arrhythmia.