bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caterpillar Gut Microbiome: Fungi Are More Transient Than Bacteria
Authors: Šigut Martin , Pyszko Petr , Šigutová Hana , Višňovská Denisa , Kostovčík Martin , Kotásková Nela , Dorňák Ondřej , Kolařík Miroslav , Drozd Pavel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite increasing studies on caterpillar (Insecta: Lepidoptera) gut microbiota, bacteria have been emphasized more than fungi. Therefore, we lack data on whether fungal microbiota is resident or transient and shaped by factors similar to those of bacteria. We sampled nine polyphagous caterpillar species from several tree species at multiple sites to determine the factors shaping leaf and gut bacterial and fungal microbiota as well as the extent to which caterpillars acquire microbiota from their diet. We performed 16S and ITS2 DNA metabarcoding of leaves and guts to determine the composition and richness of respective microbiota. While spatial variables shaped both the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the leaves, they only affected fungi in the guts, whereas bacteria were shaped primarily by caterpillar species, with some species harboring more specific bacterial consortia. Leaf and gut microbiota significantly differed; in bacteria, this difference was much more pronounced. Moreover, the leaf–gut similarity of bacterial but not fungal components differed significantly among caterpillar species, suggesting that some species have more transient bacterial microbiota than others. Our results suggest the complexity of the factors shaping the gut microbiota, while pointing out interspecific differences in microbiota residency within the same insect functional group.
Effect of external magnetic field on morphology and microstructure of wire arc additive manufacture
Authors: Zhao Honglei , Li Yiwen , Sun Yajie , Dong Zhihai , Liu Huifang , Babkin Aleksandr , Chang Yunlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The longitudinal magnetic field assisted CMT+P process is used for arc fuse additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy. Analyze the forming and organization properties of additive components. The excitation frequency is 40Hz ~ 70Hz, and the excitation current is 4A ~ 8A, during the additive manufacturing process. The results show that the external magnetic field can improve the forming and organization properties of the material, but the size of the magnetic field has a reasonable matching interval. The optimal parameter is when the excitation frequency is 50Hz and the excitation current is 5A. The influence of the magnetic field promotes the flow process in the molten pool, increases the homogenization of alloying elements, reduces the temperature gradient and promotes the equiaxed crystallization and refinement of crystal grains. The surface tension of the molten pool is weakened under the action of an external magnetic field. The size and frequency of the magnetic field affect the stability of the molten pool flow and the crystallization of the molten pool.
Inpatient pharmacy drugs based on mobile information technology in a "carbon neutral" context Research in a closed-loop management system
Authors: Wei Kunxuan , Xie Xuhua , Huang Tianmin , Chen Yiyu , Zhang Hongliang , Liu Taotao , Luo Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The objective is to build a green and low-carbon closed-loop pharmaceutical management system, to improve the quality of pharmacy services and enhance pharmaceutical management based on the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society Standard (HIMSS), thereby reflecting the value of pharmacists, and improve the level of hospital management.
Methods
By using Mobile information technology and replaced the traditional paper dispensing model and constructing a multi-node information registration system to redesign and reform the hospital information system and inpatient pharmacy workflow.
Results
After the transformation, the entire process of drug data can be traced and closed-loop management, as well as real-time data verification and control, thereby improving the work efficiency, and reducing the drug dispensing time. The number of dispensing errors decreased from 5 cases/month to 1 case/month. The comprehensive dispensing process can achieve the whole process of paperless operation, and reduce the use of A4 paper by 180,000 pieces per year.
Conclusions
Mobile information technology is highly expandable and suitable for continuous innovation and improvement of pharmacy services, the levels of drug management and hospital quality management can be improved, the safety of medication for inpatients can be guaranteed, and the usage of A4 paper can be significantly reduced by continuous iterative improvement of technology.
Superoxide Dismutase Due to Occupational Metals Exposure to Nickel on Mutant p53 Dental Technicians
Authors: Berniyanti Titiek , Marhazlinda Marhazlinda , Palupi Retno , Dhinugrahini Bhetari Dwitya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundNickel levels in dental technicians' blood serum are significantly linked to the generation of free radicals and catalyze the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (ROS). An increase in ROS causes oxidative stress and a p53 gene mutation. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes that help the body fight oxidative stress.PurposeThe goal of this study is to see if dental technician occupational exposure to Ni contributes to the occurrence of p53 mutations and lower SOD activity in dental technicians.MethodsBlood samples were taken for 3 types of tests, namely Ni examination, with Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometry (AAS), p53 mutant protein examination by ELISA method, and examination of SOD enzyme activity by Assay Method.ResultThe concentration of nickel in dental technicians' blood samples is higher than in controls. Dental technician blood samples have lower levels of SOD than controls. Between dental technicians and controllers, there is a major difference. A negative connection exists between Ni and SOD, a positive correlation exists between Ni and p53mutant, and a negative correlation exists between SOD and p53mutant, according to the Spearman correlation test.ConclusionA high nickel concentration in the blood serum of a dental worker raises the level of p53 mutants and lowers SOD activity, because p53 mutants have a negative dominant effect on wild p53 types, if wild-type p53 levels decline, p53 mutant levels may rise. Trial Registration: No: 149 / HRECC.FODM / VIII / 2017.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes After Remdesivir Therapy in Patients with Moderately Severe Covid-19 Disease. Prospective Study
Authors: Liaqat Anam , Zafar Iqra Ali , Asad Muhammad , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the fact that a number of therapeutic agents have been tested for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been proven to be effective.
Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the favorable clinical outcomes after remdesivir treatment in hospitalized patients with moderately severe COVID-19 disease in Pakistan.
Methods
A prospective study in hospitalized patients with moderately severe Covid-19 disease was conducted between January 2021- October 2021. The patients were divided into remdesivir-treated and control groups. The Remdesivir-treated group received 200mg IV, followed by 100mg once daily for four days. In addition to standard care, all patients received corticosteroid therapy. The clinical status of remdesivir patients was assessed after the 5th day of treatment, including proportion negative polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19, length of hospitalization, improvement in oxygen demand, and effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate analysis and paired sample T-test were performed to evaluate a favorable response to remdesivir treatment and results were compared with a control group.
Result
In total, 328 patients were enrolled in the study, with 162 of them receiving IV remdesivir on the day of admission. The C-reactive protein level in the remdesivir treated group [median 22.0 (14.0–36.7)] was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the remdesivir naive group [median 79.1 (57.4–139.0)]. The number of days spent in the hospital was significantly different between the remdesivir-treated and remdesivir-naive groups [6.2 0.5] (p < 0.001). In the remdesivir-treated group, 36.7% of patients were discharged with a negative PCR, compared to 21.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). In comparison to the control group, the remdesivir treated group showed a significant improvement in the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The remdesivir treatment was found to be superior to improve clinical outcomes among moderately severe Covid-19 disease patients.
Application value of echocardiography in minimally invasive thoracoscopic mitral valvuloplasty during perioperative period
Authors: Xiong Cui , Zheng Yi , Wang Jing , Xu Jinghong , Hu Qi , Wang Ceng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study retrospectively analysed patients undergoing thoracoscopic mitral valvuloplasty in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 and discussed the value of echocardiography (including three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography) in the perioperative period.
Methods
In the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of our hospital, 57 patients needing surgical treatment were screened by echocardiography. Ultrasonography was performed preoperatively (G1) and 1 week (G2) and 3 months (G3) postoperatively for each patient. The doctor recorded the left atrial anteroposterior diameter (LAD), left ventricular anteroposterior diameter (LVD), mitral orifice velocity (MV), mitral pressure of gradient (MVG), and ejection fraction (EF), which were used to observe and compare the left heart reconstruction and mitral valve repair to provide an imaging basis for clinicians to choose the most appropriate valve model. Transoesophageal echocardiography was also performed preoperatively to provide an imaging basis for clinicians to choose the most appropriate valve model.
Results
The results from the three ultrasound examinations showed statistically significant differences among EF, LAD, and LVD. The intraoperative transoesophageal ultrasound measurement of the mitral regurgitation area (S2, 9.57 ± 1.47) was greater than the preoperative transthoracic ultrasound measurement of the mitral regurgitation area (S1, 8.83 ± 2.01), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
3D-transoesophageal echocardiography is a convincing imaging examination that can assist cardiologists in formulating the most appropriate surgical plan. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is less invasive and easier to operate compared to transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The use of perioperative TTE can help detect new heart conditions in emergency and surgical patients in a timely manner and determine the factors that cause hemodynamic instability, which has a positive effect on the perioperative management of such patients.
The co-administration of live fowlpox and Newcastle disease vaccines by non-invasive routes to chickens reared by smallholders in Tanzania and Nepal.
Authors: Andrews Stuart , Makundi Asanteli , Mwanadota Julius , Shivakoti Sakar , Shah Bikas Raj , Poole E. Jane , Salt Jeremy , Stuke Kristin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The co-administration of commercial live fowlpox (FP) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines when given by non-invasive (needle-free) routes was demonstrated to be safe and to elicit immunity in two field studies, one in Tanzania the other in Nepal. Both studies were of a cluster-randomised controlled design in which birds were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: (i) administration with FP vaccine alone (feather follicle), (ii) administration with ND vaccine alone (eye-drop), (iii) concurrent administration of FP (feather follicle) and ND (eye-drop) vaccines, (iv) concurrent administration of FP (wing-web) and ND (eye-drop) vaccines, and (v) unvaccinated, acting as environmental sentinels. Data from a total of 1167 birds from seven villages in Hanang District of Tanzania together with 1037 birds from eleven villages in Dhading District of Nepal were collected over a period of 21 and 28 days, respectively. Immune responses to FP vaccination were evaluated by local take reactions while those to ND vaccination were evaluated serologically by haemagglutination inhibition test. Both studies demonstrated that the concurrent vaccination of free-range, indigenous breeds of chickens with live FP and ND vaccines, both administered by non-invasive routes, was safe and induced levels of immunity against FP and ND that were non-inferior to the administration of FP and ND vaccines alone. These findings are important to appropriately trained small-scale backyard poultry farmers as well as to paraprofessionals and community health workers helping to increase vaccine uptake and the control of both FP and ND in low- to middle-income countries.
Molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from wild animals in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Yessinou Roland Eric , Adehan Safiou , Hedegbetan Georges Codjo , Cassini Rudi , Mantip Samuel Elias , Farougou Souaïbou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens constitute a growing veterinary and public health concern around the world. Ticks are considered to be natural reservoirs for tick borne related pathogens and are equally responsible for the spread of infections in animals as well as in humans. In this study, the presence of Rickettsia and Bartonella species and Anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in hard ticks collected from reptiles, birds and wild mammalian animals. The samples collection of this study was carried out between December 2020 and September 2021. Adult ticks (male and female) were collected from wild animals in six districts of southern Benin. Molecular analysis was used to verify the presence of pathogens in all the samples (ticks) collected from wild animals. A total of 504 ticks were collected and grouped into 115 different tick pools. The PCR analysis detected 19 out of 115 tick pools positive for Rickettsia spp. and 9/115 tick pools positive for Bartonella spp., while Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was not detected in any tick. Several of the tick species collected from our studied reptiles/wild mammalian animals could be potential sources of zoonotic pathogens when subjected to further investigation. Therefore, stringent attention should be paid to tick infestation of reptiles/wild mammalian animals in order to put in place proper control and prevention measures for tick-borne diseases in the wild, which could serve as reservoirs in the infestation of domestic animals/humans in the event of any possible contact.
Semaphorin 3C attracts MGE-derived cortical interneurons in the deep migratory stream guiding them into the developing neocortex
Authors: Aiello Kiara , Bolz Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While it is known that Semaphorin 3C acts as a guidance cue for axons during brain development, their potential role during interneuron migration is largely unknown. One striking observation is that Sema3C demarcates the pallial/subpallial border and the intracortical pathway of cortical interneurons in the dorsal telencephalon. Moreover, migrating cortical interneurons express Neuropilin1 and Neuropilin2, described receptors for Semaphorin 3A, 3F and 3C. All these reasons prompt us to examine possible roles for Sema3C on cortical interneuron migration.Using several in vitro approaches, we showed that Nrp1-expressing MGE-derived interneurons from the deep migratory stream migrate towards the increasing Sema3C gradients. In contrast, inhibitory neurons from the superficial migratory stream that express Nrp2, do not respond to this guidance cue. In the present study, we proposed that diffusible Sema3C expressed in the Pallium provides a permissive corridor that attracts the Nrp1- expressing interneurons from the DMS into the dorsal telencephalon.
G-CSF Upregulates the Expression of Aquaporin-9 through CEBPB to Enhance the Cytotoxic Activity of Arsenic Trioxide to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Zhong Hua , Fu Wanbin , Zhu Gelan , Xu Lan , Liu Jia , Han Xiaofeng , Wang Junying , Wang Xinpeng , Hou Jian , Zhao Huanbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is widely used for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment, but it can’t show satisfactory efficacy in non-APL leukemia. Aquaporin-9 (AQP9), a transmembrane transporter, is required for ATO uptake. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) other than APL cells express relatively lower levels of AQP9, which limits the cytotoxic activity of ATO in those types of leukemia cells. Recently, we found that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can upregulate the expression of AQP9. We hypothesized that the combination of G-CSF with ATO may enhance the antitumor effect of ATO in non-APL leukemia cells. We also aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which G-CSF upregulates the expression of AQP9.Methods: AML cell lines including THP-1 and HL-60 were pretreated with or without G-CSF (100ng/ml) for 24 hours, followed by the treatment with ATO (2μM) for 48 hours. Cell morphology was observed under microscope after Wright-Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis levels. The intracellular concentrations of ATO were determined by the atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The mRNA and protein expression were respectively measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qRCR) and western blotting. Target genes were knocked down by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA), or overexpressed by transfection with overexpression plasmids. The cell line derived xenograft mouse model was established to confirm the results of the in vitro experiments.Results: Compared with using ATO alone, the combination of ATO with G-CSF induced apoptosis in AML cells more dramatically. G-CSF upregulated the expression of AQP9 and enhanced the intracellular concentrations of ATO in AML cells. When AQP9 was overexpressed, it markedly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of ATO. On the other hand, when AQP9 was knocked down, it dramatically attenuated the combinational effect. Moreover, we found that the upregulation of AQP9 by G-CSF depends on the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB). We also demonstrated that ATO and G-CSF combination significantly inhibited the tumor growth in xenograft mouse model.Conclusions: ATO and G-CSF combination may be a potential therapeutic strategy for AML patients.
​​It's not all Black and White: implicit racial bias extends to other races as well
Authors: Maechler Marvin R. , Chauhan Vassiki S. , McLaren Natalia A. , Norton Samantha M. , Hong Jae S. , Gobbini M. Ida 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Here we investigated the role of racial attitudes in trait inferences from facial appearance. In two separate experiments we measured implicit racial attitudes using the race Implicit Association Test (IAT), as well as judgments of several traits after brief exposure to strangers’ faces. Results from the first experiment (n=67) suggested that judgement of attractiveness is biased by implicit skin tone preference. The second experiment (n=104) extended this finding by testing four additional personality traits (attractiveness, aggression, competence, likeability, and trustworthiness). In both experiments, implicit racial attitudes predicted differential trait ratings of White and Black faces. Additionally, we found that implicit bias measured with the IAT predicted bias in trait inferences between White and Asian, but not between Black and Asian faces. These findings suggest that an implicit racial attitude could be motivated by a more general tendency to judge White faces differently from non-White faces.
Neuroprotective Effects of Berbamine, Bergepten, and Carveol on Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Faheem muhammad , Khan Arif-ullah , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Shah Fawad Ali , Khan Abdul Waheed , Li Shupeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The current study investigates the effects of natural chemicals like berbamine (BBR), bergepten (BRG), and carveol (CAR) on paclitaxel (PTX) associated neuro-inflammatory pain. Methods: The induction was carried out by administering 2 mg/kg PTX for a week with a day gap. On 7th, 14th and 21st days, behavioral testing was executed, and tissue was removed for molecular analysis. Results: Treatment attenuates thermal hyperalgesia, improved latency of falling, normalized the changes in body weight and increased threshold for pain sensation. The drugs increased the protective GSH and GST levels in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, while lowering iNOS and LPO. H and E and IHC examinations confirmed that the medication reversed the abnormal alterations. Conclusion: The aforementioned natural substances inhibit COX-2, TNF-α and NF-κB over-expression, as evidenced by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and western blot, and hence provide neuroprotection in chronic constriction damage.
Exploring the transmission channels between financial inclusion and green growth: A potential role of ICT diffusion and higher education in China
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shaikh Parvez Ahmed , Ullah Sana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research explores the role of financial inclusion in promoting green growth. A theoretical and empirical investigation on the role of financial inclusion in green growth is missing, particularly in combination with other determinants, i.e., higher education and the role of ICT. This research explores the role of financial inclusion, higher education, and ICT on green growth for China from 1995 to 2020. The study employs auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach for short-run and long-run estimates of green growth. The outcomes of the empirical models reveal that financial inclusion is positively associated with green growth in both long-run and short-run. The effect of higher education and ICT on green growth is significantly positive in the long-run and short-run. The findings thus point to the need for policies that promote financial inclusion, human capital, and ICTs infrastructure as a way of accelerating green growth.