bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic: access to relief under social assistance programs by rural households in India
Authors: Ali Jabir , Khan Waseem 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper aims at analyzing the determinants of access to relief under social assistance programs among rural households during COVID-19 outbreaks in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the data of COVID-19-Related Shocks Survey, which covered 5,200 rural households across 6 states of India namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The access to relief has been assessed as relief-in kind (RIK) as a free special package of wheat, rice, and pulses, supplied through the public distribution system; and direct benefit transfer (DBT) in cash under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Yojana and the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). The association between demographic profiles of rural households and access to relief has been analyzed using the chi-square test. Further, marginal effects have been estimated to assess the determinants of rural households' access to relief.FindingsThe results show a significant association between types of relief vis-à-vis demographic profiles of the rural households. A significant difference in access to relief among rural households is also evident across the states. Further, the analysis of the marginal effects indicates that female-headed households belonging to lower social class, depending on non-agricultural occupation with lower income, belonging to below poverty line families and seeking wage employment, are more likely to access relief as food grains; whereas male respondents with lower age, belonging to lower-income quartile with memberships in Self Help Groups are more likely to access the cash benefit transfers.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the food security and livelihood of many across the globe, which necessitated provisioning a package of support to everyone, particularly rural poor households. The World Bank undertook the COVID-19-Related Shocks Survey to provide a quick policy response for managing the risk of COVID-19 outbreak effectively. The results of this study provide timely insights for developing an effective relief strategy for rural households during a crisis.Originality/valueThere is limited investigation on access to relief by rural households during the COVID-19 outbreaks and factors affecting the access to relief in terms of cash and kind. This study has utilized a reliable data source to analyze the access of relief packages by the rural communities during the coronavirus outbreak.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2021-0632.
Dispersion stability and wear properties of nano-CeO2 as lubricating oil additives for engines
Authors: Kuang Xin , Yin Bifeng , Wang Jian , Jia Hekun , Xu Bo 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dispersion stability and the wear properties of lubricating oil blends added with modified nanometer cerium oxide (CeO2) at high temperature.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, CeO2 was self-made and it was chemically modified. The dispersion stability of CeO2 in lubricating oil was studied. And the wear test of lubricating oil blends added with modified CeO2 was carried out at high temperature.

Findings
The results showed that CeO2 was successfully modified by oleic acid and stearic acid. The dispersion stability of modified CeO2 in lubricating oil was improved. Adding modified nano-CeO2 with the concentration less than 50 ppm into the lubricating oil can improve the wear properties of friction pairs in different extent. With the increase of the amount of CeO2, the wear properties increased first and then decreased. The lubricating oil blend added with 25 ppm CeO2 has the best wear properties.

Originality/value
The raw material CeO2 in this paper is self-made and its shape and size are well controlled. Research on the addition of nano-CeO2 to the engine low viscosity finished lubricants is lacking. It is of great significance to study the dispersion stability and tribological properties of nano-lubricants under the new background of low viscosity of lubricating oil and close to the real engine working conditions. It has certain significance to promote the development of nano-lubricants for engines.
What are the relationship experiences of in which one member identifies as transgender? A systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Gunby Nicola , Butler Catherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransgender individuals and their partners may face unique challenges that other couples do not. These unique challenges merit investigation, understanding and consideration by systemic practitioners in order to provide a culturally attuned service for transgender clients. A systematic review of the literature into the experiences of couples in which one member is transgender identified 22 qualitative papers. A translation and synthesis of constructs from these papers utilising a meta‐ethnographic approach generated a number of third order constructs organised into nine overarching themes. These themes included experiences of stigma and discrimination, issues of power, privilege, visibility and identity, and experiences of dissonance and dysphoria that required adjustments and negotiations on the personal and relationship levels. Implications for practice and avenues for future research are discussed.
Root canal cleaning in roots with complex canals using agitated irrigation fluids
Authors: Kumar Kiran , Teoh Yu‐Yao , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe internal topography of the root canal is complex, especially for the mesial root of the permanent first molar. In response to such challenges, enhanced irrigation protocols have been developed, using laser pulses to agitate fluids and enhance the removal of microbial deposits. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess the effectiveness of laser agitation of sodium hypochlorite in removing multispecies biofilms grown in the mesial root of the permanent first molars. The five agitation groups (N = 12 roots for each) were: 940 nm diode laser (superpulsed mode, 50 μs/pulses at 20 Hz using 20 mJ/pulse); 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (200 μs/pulse at 20 Hz using 20 mJ/pulse); 2940 nm Er: YAG laser (50 μs/pulse at 15 Hz using a 400/14 conical tip in the SWEEPS protocol, with 20 mJ/pulse); passive ultrasonic agitation at 28 kHz (positive control); and irrigation with a 27‐gauge side vented needle for 2 min per canal (negative control). Biofilm removal was assessed by confocal microscopic imaging of root slices at 1, 4 and 7 mm from the root apex. None of the tested methods were effective in completely eradicating biofilm from the most confined regions of the root canal system. The greatest challenge was cleaning the isthmus regions. There was a positive correlation between canal cleaning and isthmus cleaning, suggesting that increased effectiveness in cleaning root canal walls is associated with more effective isthmus cleaning. Wider and narrow isthmuses were cleaned better than long and narrow isthmuses.
HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells: Potential immunologic biomarkers for reproductive aging
Authors: Muyayalo Kahindo P. , Song Su , Liu Chunyan , Gong Guang‐Shun , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Zhou Hui , Shen Li , Liao Ai‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProblemThis study aimed to identify subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs) associated with ovarian aging and determine whether they can be used as markers of reproductive aging.MethodThis prospective cohort study was conducted among women of reproductive age. Basic physiological characteristics, reproductive hormones, Treg cell subsets, and correlations between these parameters were assessed. The POSEIDON criteria was used to identify women with low reproductive potential.ResultsThe percentages of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells significantly increased with age. Women between 40 and 49 years had significantly higher percentages of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells than those at 20–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years old. Age positively correlated with FSH levels and the percentages of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells, but inversely correlated with antral follicle count (AFC) and AMH levels. Interestingly, a positive correlation was found between the percentages of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and FSH levels, whereas an inverse correlation was found between those of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and AFC or AMH levels. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the percentages of CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells and AFC. Based on POSEIDON criteria, women with the percentages of HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells above reference value ranges were assigned to the low prognosis groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest that HLA‐DR+ CD45RAˉ Tregs and CD28ˉ Treg‐like cells can be used as immunologic markers of reproductive aging, which helps clinicians identify women with low reproductive potential and establish individualized therapeutic strategies.
The prevalence of comorbidities in Danish patients with obesity – A Danish register‐based study based on data from 2002 to 2018
Authors: Pedersen Mikkel H. , Bøgelund Mette , Dirksen Carsten , Johansen Pierre , Jørgensen Nils B. , Madsbad Sten , Pantin Ulrik H. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryWe used the Danish National Health Registers to conduct a study on the prevalence of obesity‐related comorbidities in Danish citizens who have been diagnosed with obesity at a Danish hospital. This was a retrospective observational study with a population comprising all Danish citizens (≥18 years) who have been registered with a specific obesity class diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Register between 2002 and 2018. A total of 86 980 persons with hospital‐diagnosed obesity were included in the study population. To investigate how the risk of having comorbidities varies with the degree of obesity, we applied adjusted logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio of having one of the following predefined comorbidities for people with a BMI in obesity classes II and III compared with people with a BMI in obesity class I: type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, hip and knee osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnoea and asthma. Comorbidities were defined from ICD‐10 diagnosis codes and prescription medication utilization. The odds ratio for obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 1.86 and OR 3.0), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.68 and OR 2.26), hip and knee osteoarthritis (OR 1.29 and OR 1.54) and asthma (OR1.13 and OR 1.25) increased significantly with obesity class (obesity class II relative to I and III relative to I, respectively). The odds ratio of having had at least one comorbidity was estimated to be 1.52 for people with a BMI in obesity class II and 2.10 for people with a BMI in obesity class III compared with people in obesity class I. The risk of obstructive sleep apnoea, type 2 diabetes, hip and knee osteoarthritis, and asthma increased significantly with increasing BMI, highlighting the importance of preventing further weight gain even in individuals who are already living with obesity.
Fatigue behavior and electromechanical properties of additively manufactured continuous wire polymer composites for structural health monitoring
Authors: Saleh Menna A. , Kempers Roger , Melenka Garrett W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fatigue behavior of continuous wire polymer composite (CWPC) fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF) was investigated. Four compositions were examined: polylactic acid (PLA), PLA with copper wire (Cu), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and TPU with Cu wire. Residual properties were measured after different sets of number of cycles (102, 104, 105). Residual strengths were 89.7% and 70.5% of the ultimate tensile strength of the original material after 105 cycles for PLA CWPC and TPU CWPC, respectively. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tests showed insignificant changes in the residual strengths of PLA‐based materials after an increasing number of cycles and significant changes for the TPU‐based materials. CWPC electromechanical properties under fatigue test demonstrated reverse piezoresistance behavior. A strain‐controlled fatigue life analytical model was compared with the experimental results showing good agreement. This study demonstrates the applicability of FFF technique to print sensors with continuous integrated wire with tunable properties.
Creep‐fatigue behavior of thin‐walled plate with holes: Stress state characterization and life estimation
Authors: Zhang Hengbin , Shi Duoqi , Li Zhenlei , Huang Jia , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel creep‐fatigue life estimation method considering the effect of non‐uniform stress state, through the comprehensively experimental and numerical investigation. Conventional and digital image correlation (DIC) based in‐situ creep‐fatigue tests were performed on thin‐walled plates with various types of holes at 850°C. DIC measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis show that tensile stress plays the dominant role in the creep‐fatigue failure of plate with holes, and the crack initiated at the maximum stress position of the end hole. An equivalent stress was defined to describe the complex stress state between the adjacent holes. The stress factor was proposed to account for the holes‐related stress concentration and multi‐axial stress state. Moreover, a novel weight function was proposed to assess the damage contribution of non‐uniform stress in the damage zone. Creep‐fatigue life model was developed by introducing this proposed weight function, and was validated based on test data.
Microbial community shifts correspond with suppression of decomposition 25 years after liming of acidic forest soils
Authors: Sridhar Bhavya , Wilhelm Roland C. , Debenport Spencer J. , Fahey Timothy J. , Buckley Daniel H. , Goodale Christine L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrobial community structure and function regularly covary with soil pH, yet effects of these interactions on soil carbon are rarely tested experimentally within natural ecosystems. We investigated the enduring (25 year) impacts of liming on microbial community structure and decomposition at an acidic northern hardwood forest, where experimental liming increased pH one unit and surprisingly doubled the organic carbon stocks of the forest floor. We show that this increase in carbon storage corresponded with restructuring of the bacterial and fungal communities that drive decomposition. In the Oe horizon, liming reduced the activities of five extracellular enzymes that mediate decomposition, while the Oa horizon showed an especially large (64%) reduction in the activity of a sixth, peroxidase, which is an oxidative enzyme central to lignocellulose degradation. Decreased enzyme activities corresponded with loss of microbial taxa important for lignocellulose decay, including large reductions in the dominant ectomycorrhizal generaRussulaandCenococcum, saprotrophic and wood decaying fungi, andActinobacteria(Thermomonosporaceae). These results demonstrate the importance of pH as a dominant regulator of microbial community structure and illustrate how changes to this structure can produce large, otherwise unexpected increases in carbon storage in forest soils.
Combining financial costs and statistical power to optimize monitoring to detect recoveries of species after megafire
Authors: Smart Adam , Southwell Darren , Geary William , Buchan Anne , Wintle Brendan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimMegafire plays a crucial role in driving the distribution of biodiversity around the world. Long‐term monitoring is vital for understanding how species are impacted immediately by megafire and subsequently respond over time. However, monitoring should be designed with sufficient statistical power to detect impact and recovery. In this study, we developed a simulation framework for optimizing the design of biodiversity monitoring programmes to detect population recoveries after megafire.LocationVictoria, Australia.Time period2019–2020.Major taxa studiedVertebrates.MethodsWe collated species distribution models for 45 priority vertebrates most likely to respond to management after the 2019–2020 megafires in Victoria, Australia. We combined these models with fire severity maps to optimize the location of monitoring sites in and around the fire footprint. We simulated the impact of the megafires on species distributions and modelled plausible recoveries over the next 10 years. Using estimates of detectability for a suite of preferred sampling methods, we simulated monitoring at pairs of burnt and unburnt sites to evaluate the statistical power to detect the modelled recoveries. We tested the sensitivity of power to alternative monitoring designs, rates of recovery and monitoring budgets.ResultsPriority regions to establish monitoring sites varied by taxonomic group. Power to detect population recoveries increased as the monitoring budget increased, as the recovery rate increased and when the proportion of sites in burnt compared with unburnt habitat increased. According to the optimal monitoring design, an AUD $9M budget could detect 90% of recoveries to pre‐fire levels in 40% of species with >80% power. Power was highest for mammals, followed by birds, reptiles and amphibians.Main conclusionsOur simulation approach allowed us to test the relative performance of alternative post‐fire monitoring designs ahead of time. Although we focused on megafire, our approach could easily be applied to detect population recoveries after any large‐scale catastrophic disturbance.
Socio‐emotional repercussions of severe haemophilia A in the daily lives of children
Authors: Alves Feitoza de Andrade Iara , Castanheira Nascimento Lucila , Albuquerque de Paula Weslla Karla , Rocha Guimarães Tania Maria , Leite Meirelles Monteiro Estella Maria , Pereira Linhares Francisca Marcia , De Moraes Lima Marinus , de Lavor Coriolano Marinus Maria Wanderleya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction and AimHaemophilia A, in its most severe form, can have serious repercussions, including issues that are physical, emotional, affective, and social, particularly in childhood. This qualitative study aims to understand the socio‐emotional repercussions of severe haemophilia A in children, based on their own testimonies and subjective expressions of their daily lives, in the contexts of the family, school and health service.MethodsIndividual qualitative interviews were carried out using a playful approach through puppets with 15 children, aged 6–12 years old, in a service for the treatment of haemophilia, located in the northeast of Brazil. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were elaborated: (a) Reflecting how I am and how I relate to others; (b) Enjoying family moments; (c) Experiencing the school context: learning, affectivity and play; and (d) Dealing with haemophilia: acceptance and overcoming strategies.ConclusionThe experiences shared by children with severe haemophilia A and their daily needs should be the basis for guiding child‐centred care. Encouraging self‐care, including self‐administration of the deficient factor, requires a partnership between health professionals, family members, school and child in the construction of therapeutic plans that consider the child's active participation.
Shifting responsibilities: A qualitative study of how young people assume responsibility from their parents for self‐management of their chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nightingale Ruth , McHugh Gretl A. , Swallow Veronica , Kirk Sue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe responsibility for managing a long‐term condition (LTC) such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically transfers from parent to child, as children become older. However, children can find it challenging to become independent at managing their LTC, and evidence for how healthcare professionals (HCPs) support transfer of responsibility is limited. This study aimed to explore how young people with CKD assume responsibility for managing their condition and the HCP's role during this process.MethodsSampling, qualitative data collection and analysis were guided by a constructivist grounded theory approach. Individual and dyadic interviews, and focus groups, were conducted with 16 young people aged 13–17 years with CKD, 13 parents and 20 HCPs.FindingsA grounded theory,shifting responsibilities, was developed that provides new insights into how young people's, parents' and HCPs' constructions of the transfer of responsibility differed. These diverse constructions contributed to multiple uncertainties around the role of HCPs, when the process started and was completed and whether the endpoint of the process was young people's self‐management or young person–parent shared management.ConclusionFamilies would benefit from HCP support over a longer timeframe that integrates assuming self‐management responsibility with gaining independence in other areas of their lives and focuses on young people ‘doing’ self‐management.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and public involvement was integrated throughout the study, with young adults with CKD and parents who had a child with CKD actively involved in the study's design and delivery.
Middle Holocene relative sea‐level changes and vertical tectonic crustal movements on Shikoku Island near the Nankai Trough, Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuhiko , Nanayama Futoshi , Nakanishi Toshimichi , Tsuji Tomohiro , Ikeda Michiharu , Kondo Yasuo , Miwa Michiko , Hamada Yohei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Philippine Sea plate subducts beneath the Eurasia plate at the Nankai Trough, northwestern Pacific, causing crustal deformation, mega‐thrust earthquakes, and tsunami events. Shikoku Island, 150 km northwest of the trough, experiences both coseismic and interseismic deformation. Coastal sediments potentially record vertical crustal movements as relative sea level (RSL) changes. We studied sedimentary facies and microfossil ostracodes in core SKM from southwestern Shikoku Island for evidence of middle Holocene tsunami events and deformation. The core sediments included nine event layers corresponding to storm or tsunami events. Using modern analog techniques, we estimated RSLs from the ostracode assemblages of core SKM and 13 other cores from Shikoku Island and the surrounding region. Then, we subtracted RSL changes due to glacio‐hydro isostatic adjustment from the estimated RSLs to estimate vertical tectonic movement rates in these cores between 8.6 and 4.7 ka. The inferred RSL changes suggest that the Sukumo site has experienced both uplift and subsidence since 8.6 ka. Before 6.6 ka, rates of tectonic crustal movement were higher than the modern‐day rate, and its spatial distribution also differed. After 6.6 ka, tectonic crustal movement showed a similar spatial pattern and occurred at rates close to the modern day interseismic rate. The spatial pattern and rates of tectonic crustal movement could be caused by changes in rupture areas between the Eurasia and the Philippine Sea plates beneath the Shikoku Island and in stress condition of the asthenosphere. Some of the vertical displacements can be explained by the movements of local active faults.