bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Mapping of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Uptake by Crops in the Urban Area of Nice, France
Authors: Sauret Nathalie , Dugué Lolita , Poulidor Julien , Massi Lionel , Ledauphin Jérôme 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrban gardening is becoming increasingly popular. Air pollution, which is a major concern in cities might, however, threaten food safety and thus must be assessed. Health risks arise particularly from toxic persistent organic pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are formed by incomplete combustion. A first assessment of crop contamination in two different atmospheric environments in the urban area of Nice reveals a predominance of light PAHs. These pollutants present in the gaseous phase, seem to bioaccumulate while heavy PAHs are absent in vegetation. By understanding the PAH sources and their behavior in the atmosphere but also by analyzing the spatial and temporal data since the European directive in 2004, a link between concentrations found in vegetables grown in experimental gardens and PAH cadastral emission data is presented. The first results could be used as a possible guidance for urban agriculture.
Development and Characterization of Solution‐Processable Dithieno[3,2‐b : 2’,3’‐d]thiophenes Derivatives with Various End‐capped Groups for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kang Hyunwoo , Jang Yuhyeon , Ho Dongil , Ryu Soomin , Kim Choongik , Seo SungYong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, four organic materials based on dithieno[3,2‐b : 2’,3’‐d]thiophene (DTT) core structure with end‐capping groups (phenyl and thienyl) and linker (acetylenic and olefinic) between DTT‐core and end‐capping groups were synthesized and characterized as solution‐processable organic semiconductors (OSCs) for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the corresponding materials were determined. Next, all DTT‐derivatives were coated by solution‐shearing method, and the thin‐film microstructures and morphologies were investigated. To investigate the electrical performance of four newly synthesized DTT‐derivatives, bottom‐gate/top‐contact OFETs were fabricated and characterized in ambient condition. It was found that substitution of acetylenic for olefinic linkers between DTT‐cores and end‐capping groups enhanced device performance. Especially, the resulting OFETs based on the compound containing phenylacetylene exhibited the highest hole mobility of 0.15 cm2/Vs and current on/off ratio of ∼106, consistent with film morphology and texture showing long range interconnected crystalline grains and strong diffraction peaks.
Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Loughran Patricia A. , Ross Mark A. , St. Croix Claudette M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmunohistochemistry is an essential technique for the localization and measurement of proteins in cells and tissues. This article describes methods for labeling proteins in adherent and suspension cell cultures and in tissue sections. Choices of antibodies and detection methods are discussed, and detailed troubleshooting guidelines are provided. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Immunofluorescent labeling of cells grown as adherent monolayersAlternate Protocol 1: Immunofluorescent labeling of cells in suspensionBasic Protocol 2: Immunofluorescent labeling of tissue sectionsAlternate Protocol 2: Immunofluorescent labeling using streptavidin‐biotin conjugatesAlternate Protocol 3: Immunofluorescent double‐labeling of tissue sectionsAlternate Protocol 4: Immunofluorescent double‐labeling of tissue sections with two primary antibodies from the same host species
Genetic variability and QTL mapping of winter survivability and leaf firing in African bermudagrass
Authors: Yu Shuhao , Schoonmaker Ashley N. , Yan Liuling , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Fontanier Charles H. , Martin Dennis L. , Moss Justin Q. , Wu Yanqi Q. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTurf‐type bermudagrass is susceptible to winterkill when grown in transition zone climates. Minimizing water use in turfgrass management is of societal significance. African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy) has been extensively used to cross with common bermudagrass (C. dactylon Pers. var. dactylon) in the creation of F1 hybrid cultivars. Little information regarding the molecular basis of winter survivability and drought resistance in African bermudagrass is available. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to quantify genetic variability and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with winter survivability traits (spring greenup, SG; spring greenup percent green cover, SGPGC; winterkill, WK), and leaf firing (LF) in African bermudagrass. A total of 109 first‐generation self‐pollinated (S1) progeny of ‘OKC1163’ were evaluated in a field trial in a randomized complete block design with three replications for four seasons. Significant genetic variation existed for all the traits examined, and the broad‐sense heritability estimates ranged from .36 to .54 for the winter survivability traits and .80 for LF. Ten QTL were identified for winter survivability traits and two for LF based on a preexisting high‐density linkage map, which was aligned, reoriented, and renamed as to a recently published reference genome. Seven of 12 QTL were consistently identified at least in 2 yr. The colocation of two QTL, one for winter survivability and another for LF, suggests the possibility of improving both traits together. Findings provide new insights to genetic control of winter survivability traits and LF and contribute genetic resources for marker‐assisted selection in turf‐type bermudagrass improvement.
Reporting Sustainable Development Goal 12 in the Spanish food retail industry. An analysis based on Global Reporting Initiative performance indicators
Authors: Vallet‐Bellmunt Teresa , Fuertes‐Fuertes Iluminada , Flor María Luisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompanies play a significant role in addressing the challenges of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and sustainability reporting is a strategic tool for decision making and impact disclosure. This study assesses food retailers' contribution to SDG 12, its targets and its business themes as a way to examine their level of engagement with sustainable consumption and production (SCP). Specifically, we measure Spanish food retailing companies' SDG 12 disclosures under Global Reporting Initiative standards. To this end, we develop a scoring system based on the compulsory disclosure requirements. Our findings show that, in general terms, food retailers perform poorly in communicating their SDG 12 achievements. Companies mainly focus on internal actions aimed at decreasing environmental impact and disclose very few actions linked to the circular economy and responsible consumption. In terms of SCP, these findings suggest that food retailers are more committed to sustainable production than to enhancing sustainable consumption.
Organic‐inorganic Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Light‐Assisted Li‐oxygen Battery with Low Overpotential
Authors: Fan Rundong , Wu Yizeng , Xie Haipeng , Gao Yongli , Wang Lina , Zhao Bo , Li Dong , Liu Shaocheng , Zhang Yu , Kong Hua , Li Yujing , Chen Qi , Cao Anyuan , Zhou Huanping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged in the last decade as promising semiconductors due to the excellent optoelectronic properties. This kind of perovskites exhibited respectable photocatalytic activities toward potential application in battery; however, the instability issue still hindered their practical use. Herein, a hybrid perovskite material, 4,4’‐ethylenedipyridinium lead bromide [(4,4’‐EDP)Pb2Br6], was assembled onto the carbon materials to function as photoelectrode of the Li‐oxygen battery. The strong cation‐π interactions between the A‐site cations enabled this hybrid perovskite to endure the cycling process as well as the exposure to battery electrolyte and oxygen. Benefitting from the photo‐generated carriers of the photoelectrode under illumination, the formation/decomposition of the discharge product was accelerated, thus leading to a reduced overpotential from 1.3 V to an optimized 0.5 V compared to the Li‐oxygen battery without illumination. The overpotential could be maintained lower than 0.9 V after cycling for 170 h. Furthermore, when exposed to the sunlight, the charging voltage was reduced by over 0.2 V. The intrinsic stability and strong light absorption of perovskites together with the optimized perovskite/carbon cathode interfaces contributed to the improved performance under different light sources without complex material design, which shed light on the exploration of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites in Li‐oxygen battery applications.
Linking the bacterial microbiome between gut and habitat soil of Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)
Authors: Xu Xiaojuan , Xia Yingna , Sun Binghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil is a part of the habitat environment of terrestrial or semi‐terrestrial mammals, which contains a wide variety of microbes. Although the soil microbiome of the host habitat is considered to be a potentially important influence factor on the mammalian gut microbiome and health, few data are currently available to explore the relationship between gut and host habitat soil microbiome in wild primates. Here, marked divergence of the bacterial microbiome in composition and structure between Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) guts and its habitat soil were detected. In addition, we found that most of the core genera abundance and ASVs in the Tibetan macaques' gut bacterial microbiome could be detected in the corresponding soil samples, but with low abundance. However, the core abundant genera abundant in soil are almost undetectable in the gut of Tibetan macaques. Although there are some ASVs shared by gut and soil bacterial microbiome, the abundant shared ASVs in the guts of Tibetan macaques were rare bacterial taxa in the corresponding soil samples. Notably, all the ASVs shared by guts and soil were present in the soil at relatively low abundance, whereas they were affiliated with diverse bacterial taxa. By linking the bacterial microbiome between Tibetan macaques’ gut and its habitat soil, our findings suggest that the predominant bacterial groups from the soil were not likely to colonize the Tibetan macaques' gut, whereas the low‐abundance but diverse soil bacteria could be selected by the gut. Whether these rare and low‐abundant bacteria are permanent residents of the soil or a source of fecal contamination remains to be determined in future study.
Scale‐dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions inHeliconiusbutterflies
Authors: Pereira Martins Ananda R. , Martins Lucas P. , Ho Wing‐Zheng , McMillan William Owen , Ready Jonathan S. , Barrett Rowan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIdentifying the relative importance of different mechanisms responsible for the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic diversity can be challenging, as multiple selective pressures and stochastic events are involved in these processes. Therefore, testing how environmental conditions shape the distribution of phenotypes can offer important insights on local adaptation, divergence, and speciation. The red‐yellow Müllerian mimicry ring ofHeliconiusbutterflies exhibits a wide diversity of color patterns across the Neotropics and is involved in multiple hybrid zones, making it a powerful system to investigate environmental drivers of phenotypic distributions. Using the distantly relatedHeliconius eratoandHeliconius melpomeneco‐mimics and a multiscale distribution approach, we investigated whether distinct phenotypes of these species are associated with different environmental conditions. We show thatHeliconiusred‐yellow phenotypic distribution is strongly driven by environmental gradients (especially thermal and precipitation variables), but that phenotype and environment associations vary with spatial scale. While co‐mimics are usually predicted to occur in similar environments at large spatial scales, patterns at local scales are not always consistent (i.e., different variables are best predictors of phenotypic occurrence in different locations) or congruent (i.e., co‐mimics show distinct associations with environment). We suggest that large‐scale analyses are important for identifying how environmental factors shape broad mimetic phenotypic distributions, but that local studies are essential to understand the context‐dependent biotic, abiotic, and historical mechanisms driving finer‐scale phenotypic transitions.
Distinct cerebral cortical perfusion patterns in idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Kang Kyunghun , Jeong Shin Young , Park Ki‐Su , Hahm Myong Hun , Kim Jaeil , Lee Ho‐Won , Kim Chi‐Hun , Yun Eunkyeong , Han Jaehwan , Yoon Uicheul , Lee Sang‐Woo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aims of the study are to evaluate idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (INPH)‐related cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities and to investigate their relation to cortical thickness in INPH patients. We investigated cortical CBF utilizing surface‐based early‐phase 18F‐florbetaben (E‐FBB) PET analysis in two groups: INPH patients and healthy controls. All 39 INPH patients and 20 healthy controls were imaged with MRI, including three‐dimensional volumetric images, for automated surface‐based cortical thickness analysis across the entire brain. A subgroup with 37 participants (22 INPH patients and 15 healthy controls) that also underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging was further analyzed. Compared with age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls, INPH patients showed statistically significant hyperperfusion in the high convexity of the frontal and parietal cortical regions. Importantly, within the INPH group, increased perfusion correlated with cortical thickening in these regions. Additionally, significant hypoperfusion mainly in the ventrolateral frontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and temporal cortical regions was observed in the INPH group relative to the control group. However, this hypoperfusion was not associated with cortical thinning. A subgroup analysis of participants that also underwent FDG PET imaging showed that increased (or decreased) cerebral perfusion was associated with increased (or decreased) glucose metabolism in INPH. A distinctive regional relationship between cerebral cortical perfusion and cortical thickness was shown in INPH patients. Our findings suggest distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms of hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion in INPH patients.
Testing for selection bias and moral hazard in private health insurance: Evidence from a mixed public‐private health system
Authors: Afoakwah Clifford , Byrnes Joshua , Scuffham Paul , Nghiem Son 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeparating selection bias from moral hazard in private health insurance (PHI) markets has been a challenging task. We estimate selection bias and moral hazard in Australia's mixed public‐private health system, where PHI premiums are community‐rated rather than risk‐rated. Using longitudinal cohort data, with fine‐grained measures for medical services predominantly funded by PHI providers, we find consistent and robust estimates of advantageous selection among hospitalized cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Specifically, we show that in addition to their risk‐averse attributes, CVD patients who purchase PHI use fewer services that are not covered by PHI providers (e.g., general practitioners and emergency departments) and have fewer comorbidities. Finally, unlike previous studies, we show that ex‐post moral hazard exists in the use of specific “in‐hospital” medical services such as specialist and physician services, miscellaneous diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic treatments. From the perspective of PHI providers, the annual cost of moral hazard translates to a lower bound estimate of $707 per patient, equivalent to a 3.03% reduction in their annual profits.
Unraveling the Jeopardy: Child health in Afghanistan
Authors: Essar Mohammad Yasir , Ashworth Henry Charles , Hunain Reem , Kokash Diana Mutasem , Islam Zarmina , Ahmad Shoaib , Zil‐E‐Ali Ahsan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA humanitarian crisis started in Afghanistan after the United States and international Allies withdrew in August 2021, causing numerous challenges and have especially impacted children. Children in Afghanistan have been affected by a long history of suffering from violence, war, and poverty. The US withdraw and COVID‐19 pandemic have caused an economic crisis causing high rates of child malnutrition and prevented them from receiving healthcare and education. In the long run, the impacts of the current situation will significantly affect the child growth, education, and psychological health. There is a need for international organizations to intervene now to ensure children do not further suffer and have the option for a bright future. In turn, ensuring a brighter future for Afghanistan.
Below‐cloud evaporation effect on stable water isotopes in precipitation at the eastern margin of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Fenli , Chen Jufan , Wang Shengjie , Wu Xixi , Zhang Qiuyan , Gao Minyan , Kang Xuehong , Pu Zhijuan , Zhang Dongqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantitatively assessing the evaporation‐caused stable water isotope fractionation in precipitation below the cloud base is of great significance to understand the modern hydrological circulation especially in a plateau climate. Based on the hourly meteorological data at eight meteorological stations of the Gannan Plateau at the eastern margin of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in 2020, we examined the spatial and temporal variations of below‐cloud evaporation effect on precipitation isotopes, and then discussed the factors influencing the below‐cloud evaporation across the Gannan Plateau. The contemporary observation of precipitation isotopes at one site in the Gannan Plateau is also applied to understand the local meteoric water line associated with the below‐cloud evaporation. From 9:00 to 21:00 Beijing Time, the impact of below‐cloud evaporation is greater than that during the rest periods. Within the study region, the below‐cloud evaporation in the central area is usually stronger than that of the surrounding area. The diurnal and monthly variability of relative humidity is highly consistent with that of the remaining raindrop mass fraction after evaporation as well as the isotope variation in raindrop below the cloud base. When the relative humidity is greater than 95%, there is a linear relationship between the remaining raindrop mass fraction and the below‐cloud deuterium‐excess variation of approximate 1.1‰/%. Global warming will increase the below‐cloud evaporation effect across the Gannan Plateau. The findings are useful to understand the below‐cloud evaporation and isotope fractionation under a plateau climate.
Capillary rarefaction during bed rest is proportionally less than fibre atrophy and loss of oxidative capacity
Authors: Hendrickse Paul William , Wüst Rob C.I. , Ganse Bergita , Giakoumaki Ifigeneia , Rittweger Jörn , Bosutti Alessandra , Degens Hans 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMuscle disuse from bed rest or spaceflight results in losses in muscle mass, strength and oxidative capacity. Capillary rarefaction may contribute to muscle atrophy and the reduction in oxidative capacity during bed rest. Artificial gravity may attenuate the negative effects of long‐term space missions or bed rest.The aim of the present study was to assess (1) the effects of bed rest on muscle fibre size, fibre type composition, capillarization and oxidative capacity in the vastus lateralis and soleus muscles after 6 and 55 days of bed rest and (2) the effectiveness of artificial gravity in mitigating bed‐rest‐induced detriments to these parameters.MethodsNineteen participants were assigned to a control group (control, n = 6) or an intervention group undergoing 30 min of centrifugation (n = 13). All underwent 55 days of head‐down tilt bed rest. Vastus lateralis and soleus biopsies were taken at baseline and after 6 and 55 days of bed rest. Fibre type composition, fibre cross‐sectional area, capillarization indices and oxidative capacity were determined.ResultsAfter just 6 days of bed rest, fibre atrophy (−23.2 ± 12.4%, P < 0.001) and reductions in capillary‐to‐fibre ratio (C:F; 1.97 ± 0.57 vs. 1.56 ± 0.41, P < 0.001) were proportional in both muscles as reflected by a maintained capillary density. Fibre atrophy proceeded at a much slower rate between 6 and 55 days of bed rest (−11.6 ± 12.1% of 6 days, P = 0.032) and was accompanied by a 19.1% reduction in succinate dehydrogenase stain optical density (P < 0.001), without any further significant decrements in C:F (1.56 ± 0.41 vs. 1.49 ± 0.37, P = 0.459). Consequently, after 55 days of bed rest, the capillary supply–oxidative capacity ratio of a fibre had increased by 41.9% (P < 0.001), indicating a capillarization in relative excess of oxidative capacity. Even though the heterogeneity of capillary spacing (LogRSD) was increased after 55 days by 12.7% (P = 0.004), tissue oxygenation at maximal oxygen consumption of the fibres was improved after 55 days bed rest. Daily centrifugation failed to blunt the bed‐rest‐induced reductions in fibre size and oxidative capacity and capillary rarefaction.ConclusionsThe relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity with the capillary supply of a fibre is uncoupled during prolonged bed rest as reflected by a rapid loss of muscle mass and capillaries, followed at later stages by a more than proportional loss of mitochondria without further capillary loss. The resulting excessive capillary supply of the muscle after prolonged bed rest is advantageous for the delivery of substrates needed for subsequent muscle recovery.
Retracted: Chest digital dynamic radiography to detect changes in human pulmonary perfusion in response to alveolar hypoxia
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Sakamaki Fumio , Takahashi Genki , Kondo Yusuke , Taguchi Naoya , Esashi Shogo , Yuji Ryotaro , Murakami Katsuki , Osaragi Kensuke , Tomita Kosuke , Kamei Shunsuke , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Imai Yutaka , Hasebe Terumitsu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction optimises oxygenation in the lung by matching the local‐blood perfusion to local‐ventilation ratio upon exposure to alveolar hypoxia. It plays an important role in various pulmonary diseases, but few imaging evaluations of this phenomenon in humans. This study aimed to determine whether chest digital dynamic radiography could detect hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction as changes in pulmonary blood flow in healthy individuals.MethodsFive Asian men underwent chest digital dynamic radiography before and after 60 sec breath‐holding at the maximal inspiratory level in upright and supine positions. Alveolar partial pressure of oxygen and atmospheric pressure were calculated using the blood gas test and digital dynamic radiography imaging, respectively. To evaluate the blood flow, the correlation rate of temporal change in each pixel value between the lung fields and left cardiac ventricles was analysed.ResultsSixty seconds of breath‐holding caused a mean reduction of 26.7 ± 6.4 mmHg in alveolar partial pressure of oxygen. The mean correlation rate of blood flow in the whole lung was significantly lower after than before breath‐holding (before, upright 51.5%, supine 52.2%; after, upright 45.5%, supine 46.1%; both P < 0.05). The correlation rate significantly differed before and after breath‐holding in the lower lung fields (upright, 11.8% difference; supine, 10.7% difference; both P < 0.05). The mean radiation exposure of each scan was 0.98 ± 0.09 mGy. No complications occurred.ConclusionsChest digital dynamic radiography could detect the rapid decrease in pulmonary perfusion in response to alveolar hypoxia. It may suggest hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in healthy individuals.