bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam explosion enhances phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in mung beans
Authors: Wan Fachun , Hou Chunyu , Luo Kaiyun , Cheng Anwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSteam explosion (SE), as a physicochemical pretreatment process, has the dual effect of high temperature and high pressure. In this study, SE was applied to pretreat mung beans to increase phenolic extraction and their antioxidant activity. It can make the material loose and porous, which is beneficial to the release of phenolic compounds from mung beans. Insoluble‐bound phenolics (IBPs) were the dominating fraction, followed by glycosidic phenolics (GPs) and esterified phenolics (EPs), and free phenolics (FPs) were the lowest in mung beans. After SE, the maximum contents of FPs, EPs, GPs, IBPs, and total phenolics were detected at 0.75 MPa for 30 s, which were 1.47‐, 1.87‐, 1.73‐, 1.48‐, and 1.58‐fold compared with the untreated samples, respectively. On the whole, the effect of SE on phenolics in mung beans first increased and then decreased. SE increased the contents of protocatechuic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and epicatechin; but there was a decrease in caffeic acid. Compared with the untreated samples, the antioxidant activity of FPs, GPAs, EPs, and IBPs was also improved by SE. The relationship between the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was very high with coefficients of 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐ sulfonic acid) > 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl > ferric reducing antioxidant power. In conclusion, an appropriate SE can lead to a more efficient extraction of phenolics and improvement of antioxidant activity in mung beans.
Adaptive mechanism of Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6 in soymilk environment based on metabolism of nutrients and related gene‐expression profiles
Authors: Fei Yongtao , Huang Li , Wang Hong , Liang Jinglong , Liu Gongliang , Bai Weidong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLactobacillus amylolyticus L6 isolated from naturally fermented tofu‐whey was characterized as potential probiotics. To give insight into the adaptive mechanism of L. amylolyticus L6 in soymilk, the gene‐expression profiles of this strain and changes of chemical components in fermented soymilk were investigated. The viable counts of L. amylolyticus L6 in soymilk reached 1012 CFU/mL in the stationary phase (10 hr). The main sugars reduced gradually while the acidity value significantly increased from 45.33° to 95.88° during fermentation. About 50 genes involved in sugar metabolization and lactic acid production were highly induced during soymilk fermentation. The concentration of total amino acid increased to 668.38 mg/L in the logarithmic phase, and 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in terms of nitrogen metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acid were detected. Other genes related to lipid metabolism, inorganic ion transport, and stress response were also highly induced. Besides, the concentration of isoflavone aglycones with high bioactivity increased from 14.51 mg/L to 36.09 mg/L during the fermentation, and the expression of 6‐phospho‐β‐glucosidase gene was also synchronously induced. This study revealed the adaptive mechanism of L. amylolyticus L6 in the soymilk‐based ecosystem, which gives the theoretical guidance for the application of this strain in other soybean‐derived products.
Tick magnets: The occupational risk of tick‐borne disease exposure in forestry workers in New York
Authors: Roome Amanda , Gouli Sugam , Yodsuwan Ratdanai , Victory Jennifer , Collins Casie , Jenkins Paul , Scribani Melissa , Krupa Nicole , Freilich Daniel , Gadomski Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutdoor workers, such as forestry workers, are at an increased risk for contracting tick‐borne diseases due to their prolonged time spent in tick habitats. Although well studied in Europe, no studies have been conducted with forestry workers in the Northeastern United States since 1990s.MethodsFull‐time forestry workers and two comparison groups (volunteer firefighter/first responders and indoor/healthcare workers) within New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regions 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were recruited for this cross‐sectional seroprevalence study. Blood draws were conducted to test for antibodies to Lyme, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis. Surveys were administered to determine personal risk factors and protective behaviors.ResultsBetween November 2020 and May 2021, 256 (105 forestry, 101 firefighter/first responder, and 50 indoor/healthcare) workers participated in this study. Forestry workers had a probability of testing positive nearly twice as high for any tick‐borne disease (14%) compared to firefighter/first responders (8%) and to indoor workers (6%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = .140). Forestry workers were more likely to find embedded ticks on themselves (f = 33.26,P < .0001 vs both comparison groups) and to have been previously diagnosed with a tick‐borne disease (P = .001 vs firefighter/first responders,P = .090 vs indoor/healthcare workers).ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests a higher proportion of tick‐borne disease risk among forestry workers compared to firefighters/first responders and indoor/healthcare workers with lesser exposure. A larger study to confirm or refute this pilot data could help optimize mitigation/prevention strategies.
Role of peripheral myelin protein 22 in chronic exercise‐induced interactions of muscle and bone in mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Miku , Kawao Naoyuki , Muratani Masafumi , Takafuji Yoshimasa , Ishida Masayoshi , Kinoshita Yuko , Takada Yuto , Mizukami Yuya , Ohira Takashi , Kaji Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExercise is important for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Although the interactions between skeletal muscles and bone have recently been reported, the myokines linking muscle to bone during exercise remain unknown. We previously revealed that chronic exercise using treadmill running blunts ovariectomy‐induced osteopenia in mice. We herein performed an RNA sequence analysis of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of male mice with or without chronic exercise to identify the myokines responsible for the effects of chronic exercise on the muscle/bone relationship. We extracted peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) as a humoral factor that was putatively induced by chronic exercise in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice from the RNA sequence analysis. Chronic exercise significantly enhanced the expression of PMP22 in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of female mice. PMP22 suppressed macrophage‐colony stimulating factor and receptor activator factor κB ligand‐induced increases in the expression of osteoclast‐related genes and osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells. Moreover, PMP22 significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization in mouse osteoblast cultures; however, the overexpression of PMP22 did not affect muscle phenotypes in mouse muscle C2C12 cells. A simple regression analysis revealed that PMP22 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were positively related to cortical bone mineral density at the femurs of mice with or without chronic exercise. In conclusion, we identified PMP22 as a novel myokine induced by chronic exercise in mice. We first showed that PMP22 suppresses osteoclast formation and the osteoblast phenotype in vitro.
Interindividual variability in response to protein and fish oil supplementation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murphy Caoileann H. , Connolly Claire , Flanagan Ellen M. , Mitchelson Kathleen A.J. , de Marco Castro Elena , Egan Brendan , Brennan Lorraine , Roche Helen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrecision nutrition is highly topical. However, no studies have explored the interindividual variability in response to nutrition interventions for sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of interindividual variability in response to two nutrition supplementation interventions for sarcopenia and metabolic health, after accounting for sources of variability not attributable to supplementation.MethodsA 24 week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial tested the impact of leucine‐enriched protein (LEU‐PRO), LEU‐PRO plus long‐chain n‐3 PUFA (LEU‐PRO+n‐3) or control (CON) supplementation in older adults (n = 83, 71 ± 6 years) at risk of sarcopenia. To estimate the true interindividual variability in response to supplementation (free of the variability due to measurement error and within‐subject variation), the standard deviation of individual responses (SDR) was computed and compared with the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for appendicular lean mass (ALM), leg strength, timed up‐and‐go (TUG), and serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration. Clinically meaningful interindividual variability in response to supplementation was deemed to be present when the SDR positively exceeded the MCID. The probability that individual responses were clinically meaningful, and the phenotypic, dietary, and behavioural determinants of response to supplementation were examined.ResultsThe SDR was below the MCID for ALM (LEU‐PRO: −0.12 kg [90% CI: −0.38, 0.35], LEU‐PRO+n‐3: −0.32 kg [−0.45, 0.03], MCID: 0.21 kg), TUG (LEU‐PRO: 0.58 s [0.18, 0.80], LEU‐PRO+n‐3: 0.73 s [0.41, 0.95], MCID: 0.9 s) and TG (LEU‐PRO: −0.38 mmol/L [−0.80, 0.25], LEU‐PRO+n‐3: −0.44 mmol/L [−0.63, 0.06], MCID: 0.1 mmol/L), indicating no meaningful interindividual variability in response to either supplement. The SDR exceeded the MCID (19 Nm) for strength in response to LEU‐PRO (25 Nm [−29, 45]) and LEU‐PRO+n‐3 (23 Nm [−29, 43]) supplementation but the effect was uncertain, evidenced by wide confidence intervals. In the next stage of analysis, similar proportions of participant responses were identified as very likely, likely, possibly, unlikely, and very unlikely to represent clinically meaningful improvements across the LEU‐PRO, LEU‐PRO+n‐3, and CON groups (P > 0.05). Baseline LC n‐3 PUFA status, habitual protein intake, and numerous other phenotypic and behavioural factors were not determinants of response to LEU‐PRO or LEU‐PRO+n‐3 supplementation.ConclusionsApplying a novel, robust methodological approach to precision nutrition, we show that there was minimal interindividual variability in changes in ALM, muscle function, and TG in response to LEU‐PRO and LEU‐PRO+n‐3 supplementation in older adults at risk of sarcopenia.
Multiscale analysis of craniomaxillofacial bone repair: A preclinical mini‐pig study
Authors: Ticha Pavla , Pilawski Igor , Helms Jill A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of reparative osteogenesis controls when an implant is sufficiently stable as to allow functional loading. Using a mini pig model, the rate of reparative osteogenesis in two types of implant sites for example, an osteotomy versus a fresh extraction socket were compared.MethodsEight adult mini pigs were used for the study. In phase I, three premolars were extracted on one side of the oral cavity; 12 weeks later, in phase II, osteotomies were produced in healed extraction sites, and contralateral premolars were extracted. Animals were sacrificed 1, 5, and 12 weeks after phase II. Bone repair and remodeling were evaluated using quantitative micro‐computed tomographic imaging, histology, and histochemical assays coupled with quantitative dynamic histomorphometry.ResultsOne week after surgery, extraction sockets and osteotomy sites exhibited similar patterns of new bone deposition. Five weeks after surgery, mineral apposition rates (MARs) were elevated at the injury sites relative to intact bone. Twelve weeks after surgery, the density of new bone in both injury sites was equivalent to intact bone but quantitative dynamic histomorphometry and cellular activity assays demonstrated bone remodeling was still underway.ConclusionsThe mechanisms and rates of reparative osteogenesis were equivalent between fresh extraction sockets and osteotomies. The volume of new bone required to fill a socket, however, was significantly greater than the volume required to fill an osteotomy. These data provide a framework for estimating the rate of reparative osteogenesis and the time to loading of implants placed in healed sites versus fresh extraction sockets.
Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for selective dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction of fenitrothion followed by ion mobility spectrometry analysis
Authors: Khojasteh Faezeh Tousi , Bazmandegan‐Shamili Alireza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes was fabricated and applied for selective dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction of fenitrothion prior its determination by ion mobility spectrometry. The composite was synthesized using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the support. Methacrylic acid was used as the functional monomer, fenitrothion as the template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross‐linker, and 2,2‐azoisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The resultant polymer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. Experimental factors affecting the extraction efficiency such as pH and amount of sorbent were evaluated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the developed method displayed the linear range of 5–220 μg/L with a detection limit of 1.3 μg/L. The intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations for determination of fenitrothion were 3.6 and 4.7% (n = 6), respectively. Ultimately, the proposed method was used to monitor trace amounts of fenitrothion in fruits, vegetables, and water samples.
Bulk polymerization kinetics of methyl methacrylate at broad temperature range investigated by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhito , Mishima Ryutaro , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBulk polymerization directly provides glassy polymers from liquid monomers and has been used for many engineering applications. Recently, it has drawn attention for potential use as a resin for fiber‐reinforced plastics and additive manufacturing. For such applications, detailed and precise information of the reaction kinetics, including non‐ideal conditions, is required. Here, we investigate the reaction kinetics of isothermal bulk polymerization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a broad temperature ranged from 40°C to 90°C. 2,2'‐Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 2,2'‐Azobis(4‐methoxy‐2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (V‐70) is used as an initiator. We analyze the data focusing on the onset of sudden reaction acceleration known as Trommsdorff effect. Because of the reaction kinetics and the nature of Trommsdorff effect, a higher temperature does not always lead to a shorter time for the completion of the reaction. We discuss the reaction kinetics in conjunction with the molecular weight distributions.
Field pea diversity and its contribution to farmers' livelihoods in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gufi Yirga , Tsegay Alemtsehay , Ruelle Morgan L. , Teka Kassa , Tewolde‐Berhan Sarah , Power Alison G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractField pea is grown by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia as a source of food, fodder, income, and soil fertility. This study explores intraspecific diversity of field pea and its contribution to farmers' livelihoods in two agroecological zones of South Tigray and South Wollo, northeastern Ethiopia. Interviews were conducted with 168 farming households. The number of varieties and the Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) were higher in South Tigray (seven varieties, 0.35 SDI) than South Wollo (two varieties, 0.025 SDI). Farmers in South Tigray plant field pea during two growing seasons, allowing for integration of multiple varieties into their farming systems. The price of one field pea type from South Tigray known as “dekoko” was twice as high as other field pea varieties, most likely due to high demand and relatively low supply. Key informants reported “dekoko” has become less common in their communities, with diseases and pests reported as major production constraints. Multistakeholder collaboration is recommended to enhance the contribution of field pea to Ethiopian farming systems.
Climatic zoning of Ghana using selected meteorological variables for the period 1976–2018
Authors: Bessah Enoch , Amponsah William , Ansah Samuel Owusu , Afrifa Andrews , Yahaya Bashiru , Wemegah Cosmos Senyo , Tanu Michael , Amekudzi Leonard K. , Agyare Wilson Agyei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeriodic climate zoning is an essential classification of land cover to account for anthropogenic activities resulting from population increase and urbanization that affect key climate response parameters. Rainfall, relative humidity (RH), maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency were used to zone Ghana by adopting cluster and PCA analysis methods and verifying the groupings with the seasonal trend and Tukey Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) analysis. The cluster analysis grouped the synoptic stations into four major homogenous clusters while the PCA distributed them into three sub‐divisions with reference to 1976–2018. Rainfall, RH, Tmax and Tmin were characterized by five, three, two and three factors with factor loadings in the range of 0.71–0.78, 0.53–0.70, 0.54–0.74 and 0.50–0.72, respectively. HSD found transition stations like Bole and Kete Krachi in cluster 1 and 2 to have no significant difference with cluster 1, while Wenchi, Sunyani, Sefwi Bekwai and Koforidua in cluster 2 had no significant difference with cluster 3. Accra station which was classified in cluster 3 showed the seasonal pattern of cluster 4 and was confirmed by HSD to belong in cluster 4. Therefore, Ghana‐based on‐point analysis is climatically grouped into Savannah (11°0′0′′N–7°46′11′′N), Forest (from 7°46′11′′N to the coast) and Coastal (about 30 km from the Gulf of Guinea coastline) based on the assessed parameters. These findings are vital for planners and decision‐makers especially for industries that depend on weather and climatic conditions for their activities.
Amorphous Selenium and Crystalline Selenium Nanorods Graphene Composites as Cathode Materials for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Selenium Batteries
Authors: Hu Han , Liu Fangchao , Shen Zhongli , Yan Rui , Fu Zhengwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelenium (Se) is an element in the same main group as sulfur and is characterized by high electrical conductivity and large capacity (675 mAh g−1). Herein, a novel ultra‐high dispersion amorphous selenium graphene composite (a‐Se/rGO) was synthesized and a selenium nanorods graphene composite (b‐Se/rGO) was prepared by hydrothermal method as the cathode material for all solid‐state lithium−selenium (Li−Se) batteries, hoping to improve the efficiency and utilization rate of active substances in all solid‐state batteries. The all‐solid‐state batteries were assembled using a heated thawing electrolyte (2LiIHPN−LiI; HPN=3‐hydroxypropionitrile). The utilization rate of a‐Se/rGO was 103 % and the capacity was 697 mAh g−1, which remained at 281 mAh g−1 (41.6 % of the 675 mAh g−1) after 30 cycles under 0.5 C. Notably, a‐Se/rGO showed excellent performance concerning its utilization rate, with a capacity of up to 610 mAh g−1 at 2 C, due to the high availability of amorphous Se and the special properties of the electrolytes. However, in the charge and discharge cycles, the second discharge capacity of a‐Se/rGO was more significantly attenuated than that of the first discharge due to the formation of larger crystals of selenium during the charging process. The battery assembled using b‐Se/rGO maintained a capacity of 270.58 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles (the retention rate of discharge capacity was 66.13 % compared with that in the first cycle). Through TEM and other relevant tests, it is speculated that amorphous selenium is conducive to capacity release, which, however, is affected by the formation of crystalline selenium after the first charge process.
Influence of different dry‐mixing techniques on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/exhausted tire carbon composites
Authors: Duraccio Donatella , Arrigo Rossella , Bartoli Mattia , Capra Pier Paolo , Malucelli Giulio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMWPE) composites containing different amount of pyrolyzed exhausted tire carbon (ETC) is investigated. Composites were obtained by dry‐mixing the powders with a homogenizer and an impact mill. The results clearly indicate that, by changing the mixing method, it is possible to tune the rheological and morphological characteristics of the composites and in turn their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Better performances were observed for the composites obtained with the impact mill, which showed improved Young modulus, reduced electrical and thermal resistance with respect to those of homogenized counterparts. All the composites exhibited a relevant reduction of electrical resistivity with a percolation threshold of 1.51 vol%.
Uncoupler SYP‐14288 inducing multidrug resistance of Phytophthora capsici through overexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Dai Tan , Wang Zhiwen , Cheng Xingkai , Gao Huige , Liang Li , Liu Pengfei , Liu Xili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungicide resistance has become a serious problem for different mode of action groups except for uncouplers, which makes their resistance mechanism a hot topic, which until now, has not been well clarified. SYP‐14288, a newly developed diarylamine fungicide modeled on fluazinam, has shown good toxicity to both oomycete and fungus by the action of uncoupling. In this research, the resistance of Phytophthora capsici to SYP‐14288 was studied to clarify the resistance mechanism of uncouplers.RESULTSThe toxicity tests of resistant strains against SYP‐14288 showed multidrug resistance. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that resistant strains could efflux the fungicide, and this ability could be inhibited by the efflux pump inhibitor amitriptyline. The target protein of amitriptyline is P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), which was overexpressed in resistant strains. Three products of nitrate reduction of SYP‐14288 were detected and determined by HPLC‐Q‐TOF. Eight cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) proteins were differentially involved in the reduction reaction.CONCLUSIONBoth fungicide efflux and detoxification metabolism were involved in the resistance mechanisms of P. capsici to SYP‐14288. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.