bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task complexity and cognitive load in simulation‐based education: A randomised trial
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Laurence , Rethans Jan‐Joost , Dolmans Diana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhen designing simulation for novices, educators aim to design tasks and environments that are complex enough to promote learning but not too complex to compromise task performance and cause cognitive overload. This study aimed to determine the impact of modulating task and environment complexity on novices' performance and cognitive load during simulation.MethodsSecond‐year pharmacy students (N = 162) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (2 × 2 factorial design) in simulation: simple task in simple environment, complex task in simple environment, simple task in complex environment and complex task in complex environment. Using video recordings, two raters assessed students' performance during the simulation. We measured intrinsic cognitive load (ICL) and extraneous cognitive load (ECL) with questionnaires after the task and tested knowledge after task and debriefing.ResultsMean performance scores in simple environment were 28.2/32 (SD = 3.8) for simple task and 25.8/32 (SD = 4.2) for complex task. In complex environment, mean performance scores were 24.6/32 (SD = 5.2) for simple task and 25.6/32 (SD = 5.3) for complex task. We found significant interaction effects between task and environment complexity for performance. In simple environment, mean ICL scores were 4.2/10 (SD = 2.2) for simple task and 5.7/10 (SD = 1.5) for complex task. In complex environment, mean ICL scores were 4.9/10 (SD = 1.8) for simple task and 5.1/10 (SD = 1.9) for complex task. There was a main effect of task complexity on ICL. For ECL, we found neither an interaction effect nor main effects of task and environment complexity. There was a main effect of task complexity on knowledge test after task and main effects of both task and environment complexity on knowledge after debriefing.ConclusionsPerformance was good, and cognitive load remained reasonable in all conditions, which suggests that, despite increased complexity, students seemed to strategically manage their own cognitive load and learn from the simulations. Our findings also indicate that environmental complexity contributes to ICL.
Irisin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HG/HF incubated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells with H/R injury
Authors: Xin Chao , Zhang Jinglong , Hao Ningbo , Wang Jianan , Liu Hui , Wei Hanwen , Wang Yong , Wang Chengzhu , Wang Shuo , Zheng Chengrong , Zhang Zheng , Jin Zhitao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeNLRP3 inflammasome mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and diabetic vascular endothelia dysfunction. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in MI/R injury with diabetes has not been fully described. Irisin plays an important role in anti‐inflammation and improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of irisin on regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in diabetic vascular endothelia dysfunction.MethodsCardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were cultured and subjected to high glucose/high fat (HG/HF) receiving hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) with irisin incubation or not. Then, apoptosis, viability, migration, NO secretion, and inflammasome activation were examined.ResultsThe hypoxic CMECs exhibited increased apoptosis, impaired viability, and migration, even decreased NO secretion and enhanced inflammasome activation. Moreover, irisin incubation decreased NLRP3 activation and attenuated cell injury in HG/HF cultured CMECs subjected to H/R injury, which was abolished by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome siRNA also attenuated H/R injury in CMECs under HG/HF condition.ConclusionThe current study demonstrated for the first time that irisin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CMECs as a novel mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes.
CircRNA SRRM4 affects glucose metabolism by regulating PKM alternative splicing via SRSF3 deubiquitination in epilepsy
Authors: Zhao Wujun , Li Miaomiao , Wang Shuai , Li Zhuang , Li Han , Li Shaoyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesSeveral reports suggest that epigenetic therapy may be a potential method for treating epilepsy, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in mediating the epigenetic mechanisms associated with epilepsy; however, currently there are no effective treatment methods to prevent the progression of epileptogenesis. The circRNA serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 (circSRRM4) was found to exert regulatory effects in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); however, the mechanisms involved are still unknown.Materials and methodsTo elucidate the molecular mechanism of circSRRM4, we investigated human epileptic brain tissue, epileptic rats, neuron and astrocyte cell lines using RT‐qPCR, western blot, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl stain, micro‐PET‐CT, RNA‐pulldown, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and RBP immunoprecipitation techniques. Furthermore, we evaluated the pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) expression patterns in the human and rat models of TLE.ResultsWe detected the increased circSRRM4 expression in the hypometabolic lesions of patients with TLE and discovered that circSrrm4 has specific spatiotemporal characteristics in rats with kainic acid‐induced epilepsy. The decreased PKM1 expression and increased PKM2 expression were similar to the Warburg effect in tumours. Notably, circSrrm4 silencing reduced the incidence and frequency of epilepsy, improved local hypometabolism, and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation.ConclusionPKM2 promotes lactic acid production in the astrocytes by inducing glycolysis, thereby contributing to the energy source for epileptic seizures. Notably, circSRRM4 combines with and inhibits serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) from joining the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, improving the SRSF3‐regulated alternative splicing of PKM, and consequently stimulating glycolysis in cells.
PpyABF3 recruits the COMPASS‐like complex to regulate bud dormancy maintenance via integrating ABA signaling and GA catabolism
Authors: Yang Qinsong , Wu Xinyue , Gao Yuhao , Ni Junbei , Li Jinjin , Pei Ziqi , Bai Songling , Teng Yuanwen 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Bud dormancy is essential for perennial trees that survive the cold winters and to flower on time in the following spring. Histone modifications have been reported to be involved in the control of the dormancy cycle and DAM/SVPs are considered targets. However, how the histone modification marks are added to the specific gene loci during bud dormancy cycle is still unknown.

Using yeast‐two hybrid library screening and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we found that PpyABF3, a key protein regulating bud dormancy, recruits Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1‐like complex via interacting with PpyWDR5a, which increases the H3K4me3 deposition at DAM4 locus.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PpyGA2OX1 was downstream gene of PpyABF3 and it was also activated by H3K4me3 deposition. Silencing of GA2OX1 in pear calli and pear buds resulted in a similar phenotype with silencing of ABF3. Furthermore, overexpression of PpyWDR5a increased H3K4me3 levels at DAM4 and GA2OX1 loci and inhibited the growth of pear calli, whereas silencing of PpyWDR5a in pear buds resulted in a higher bud‐break percentage.

Our findings provide new insights into how H3K4me3 marks are added to dormancy‐related genes in perennial woody plants and reveal a novel mechanism by which ABF3 integrates abscisic acid signaling and gibberellic acid catabolism during bud dormancy maintenance.
A transporter of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid affects thallus growth and fertility in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Li Dongdong , Dierschke Tom , Roden Stijn , Chen Kunsong , Bowman John L. , Chang Caren , Van de Poel Bram 
Published: September 2022

Summary

In seed plants, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) is the precursor of the plant hormone ethylene but also has ethylene‐independent signaling roles. Nonseed plants produce ACC but do not efficiently convert it to ethylene. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ACC is transported by amino acid transporters, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER 1 (LHT1) and LHT2. In nonseed plants, LHT homologs have been uncharacterized.

Here, we isolated an ACC‐insensitive mutant (Mpain) that is defective in ACC uptake in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Mpain contained a frameshift mutation (1 bp deletion) in the MpLHT1 coding sequence, and was complemented by expression of a wild‐type MpLHT1 transgene. Additionally, ACC insensitivity was re‐created in CRISPR/Cas9‐Mplht1 knockout mutants. We found that MpLHT1 can also transport l‐hydroxyproline and l‐histidine.

We examined the physiological functions of MpLHT1 in vegetative growth and reproduction based on mutant phenotypes. Mpain and Mplht1 plants were smaller and developed fewer gemmae cups compared to wild‐type plants. Mplht1 mutants also had reduced fertility, and archegoniophores displayed early senescence.

These findings reveal that MpLHT1 serves as an ACC and amino acid transporter in M. polymorpha and has diverse physiological functions. We propose that MpLHT1 contributes to homeostasis of ACC and other amino acids in M. polymorpha growth and reproduction.
The moderating role of information and communication technology in the nexus between financial development, economic growth and energy consumption
Authors: Ahmed Jaleel , Raies  , Farooq Umar , Subhani Bilal Haider 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study exposes the potential role of financial development to determine economic growth and utilisation of energy. Moreover, it also identifies how information communication technology (ICT) moderates this relationship. By sampling a large range of data from 138 economies for the year 1980–2020, the current study employs the panel least square model to test the regression. The result reveals that economic growth and information communication technology have a positive significant impact on energy utilisation. Financial advancement has a direct significant effect on energy utilisation and economic growth. Similarly, the moderating role of ICT was also observed in the current analysis. The current analysis guides policymakers on the relevant role of financial development in improving the economic status and consumption of energy. The policymakers in these various countries should balance the connection between the supply and demand of energy to accomplish the sustained development of the economies. Furthermore, the analysis speaks about the significance of ICT in boosting energy consumption and gives an important policy recommendation regarding the role of ICT both in economic growth and energy utilisation.
The Osteoarthritis Natural Progress and Changes in Intraosseous Pressure of the Guinea Pig Model in Different Degeneration Stages
Authors: Wang Shuo , Ma Jianxiong , Zhao Xingwen , Xue Yuan , Liu Wei , Huang Hongchao , Zhang Lei , Tian Aixian , Ma Xinlong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveArticular cartilage and subchondral bone changes during the pathological progress of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a key event marking the development of the disease. The age varying alteration patterns within entire osteochondral unit remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find a reasonable age range of the Dunkin–Hartley guinea pig model for the studying of KOA pathological process, and to investigate Intraosseous pressure (IOP) in the process during different degeneration stages of KOA.MethodsMale Dunkin–Hartley guinea pigs were selected and divided into groups of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months old by age, 10 in each group. All knees underwent imaging examination including X‐ray, Micro‐CT and MRI. Observed the imaging findings with the use of Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) classification and knee osteoarthritis MRI scores. Measured the IOP of distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) in each group, and observed the differences of bilateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage in histological and immunohistochemistry, staining results were evaluated by using Mankin's score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t‐tests were used to compare the differences indicators between groups.ResultsWith the increase of age, changes in X‐ray, Micro‐CT and MRI imaging findings and pathological staining results of articular cartilage in all stages were consistent with the changing of degenerative KOA process. The IOP of DF and PT increased gradually with age, and reached its peak in 12‐month age group, and then gradually decreased, there was a statistically significant difference of IOP between each group. The IOP of DF was slightly higher than that of PT, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionDunkin–Hartley guinea pigs can be used as an animal model to study different pathological stages of KOA. There might be a correlation between the changes of IOP and the pathological progress of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in DF and PT.
Real‐world results with IgPro20 for hypo‐ or agammaglobulinemia in Japan
Authors: Imai Kohsuke , Ishii Tomonori , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Yasumi Takahiro , Kanegane Hirokazu , Fukushima Taku , Matsumaru Masayuki , Akasaki Tetsushi , Usui Hideo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous immunoglobulin is one of the standard treatments for hypogammaglobulinemia in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) worldwide. In Japan, IgPro20 (Hizentra®; l‐proline‐stabilized 20% human subcutaneous immunoglobulin) is approved for agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia due to PID or secondary immunodeficiency (SID); however, its safety and effectiveness has not previously been assessed in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis multicenter, open label post‐marketing surveillance study was conducted between January 2014 and March 2019. Patients who received IgPro20 due to PID or SID were included after informed consent. Physicians completed a case report form for each patient. Safety was determined from reported adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions, and serious AEs (SAEs); effectiveness was assessed by infection rates after the first IgPro20 dose.ResultsOf 85 patients receiving IgPro20 in the safety analysis, 39 developed AEs (45.9%; PID n = 28, SID n = 11). At least one adverse drug reaction was observed in 27 patients (31.8%; PID n = 21, SID n = 6), and the most common were injection site reactions (n = 17, 20.0%). Four patients (PID n = 3, SID n = 1) reported SAEs but two were unrelated to IgPro20 administration. The infection rate decreased from 0.54 per patient during the 6 months before IgPro20 to 0.39 per patient during IgPro20 treatment. Serious bacterial infections occurred in six patients before IgPro20 (7.9%; PID n = 2; SID n = 4) but in only one patient with SID during IgPro20 treatment (1.2%).ConclusionsIn Japan, IgPro20 was considered safe and effective among patients with agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia due to PID or SID.
What's age got to do with it? A primer and review of the workplace aging literature
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Kanfer Ruth , Kooij Dorien T. A. M. , Truxillo Donald M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs populations in the United States and around the world continue to age, it has become increasingly important to understand how organizations can create working conditions that attract, support, and retain workers across the lifespan. In this paper, we provide a primer on current theory and research on age in the workplace. We briefly describe lifespan theories that have guided recent advances in the field, discuss the implications of these theories for an aging workforce, and provide an overview of current research streams that address the work and nonwork factors affecting performance, well‐being, and workforce participation among mature workers. Based on this review, we provide recommendations for future research and practice.
Exogenous strigolactones enhance tolerance in soybean seedlings in response to alkaline stress
Authors: Chen Chen , Xu LianKun , Zhang Xu , Wang Haihang , Nisa Zaib‐un , Jin Xiaoxia , Yu Lijie , Jing Legang , Chen Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and adaptations to abiotic stresses. Even though the functional roles of SLs have been identified in response to abiotic stresses, the function, and mechanism of SLs are not fully established under alkaline stress. In this study, we identified that exogenous SL could improve alkaline tolerance of soybean seedlings, especially when treated with 0.5 μM SL. The application of SL remarkably reduced the malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes under alkaline stress, suggesting that SL improved the alkaline tolerance by regulating the antioxidant defense capacity. The RNA sequencing data showed 530 special differentially expressed genes under SL treatment and alkaline stress, mainly were associated with antioxidant processes and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Some transcription factors were also induced by SL under alkaline stress as confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, SL largely increased the Na content in leaves and decreased Na content in roots under alkaline stress, which suggested that SL might promote the transport of Na from the roots to the leaves of the soybean seedlings. Meanwhile, exogenous SL decreased the content of other elements such as K, Mg, Fe, and Cu in leaves or roots under alkaline stress. Collectively, our results suggested a role of SL in regulating antioxidant defense capacity, specific gene expression, and alterations in ionic contents to alleviate harmful effects of alkaline stress in soybean seedlings.
A quest for agency in the Anthropocene: Law and environmental movements in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wardana Agung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Anthropocene questions the very foundation of environmental law. Many legal scholars have proposed directions on how environmental law should be transformed to respond to complex challenges in the new geological epoch. However, they tend to avoid questions about which social actors should be regarded as the agents of change to bring about such a transformation. This article addresses the question of agency by considering the experience of Southeast Asia. By employing a comparative perspective, this article reveals that environmental movements are a major agent of change in the Anthropocene because they have been playing a pivotal role in progressing environmental law in the region. However, despite their importance in the region, environmental movements have persistently been confronted by intimidation, repression and even murder.
Theseus: A framework for managing knowledge graphs about geographical divisions and their evolution
Authors: Bernard Camille , Villanova‐Oliver Marlène , Gensel Jérôme 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article presents the Theseus Framework designed for the automatic creation of knowledge graphs (KGs) that describe the evolution of geographical divisions (GD) over time. This framework is based on an ontological model dedicated to the representation of evolving GD (e.g., divisions into regions, districts, municipalities). Both the detection and annotation of changes are automated using an algorithm based on several tests that measure the similarity between geographic areas. Theseus supports a complete processing chain that ranges from the preparation of the geographic data, including the detection and annotation of changes (using semantic tags such as fusion, split, etc.), to the generation of KGs ready to be immersed in the Linked Data Web.
Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus outbreak in a pre‐ and post‐cardiothoracic transplant population: Impact of discontinuing multidrug‐resistant organism surveillance during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Rathod Shardul N. , Bardowski Laura , Tse Isabella , Churyla Andrei , Fiehler Monica , Malczynski Michael , Qi Chao , Tanna Sajal D. , Bulger Christine , Al‐Qamari Abbas , Oakley Robin , Zembower Teresa R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany institutions suspended surveillance and contact precautions for multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic due to a lack of resources. Once our institution reinstated surveillance in September 2020, a vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) faecium outbreak was detected in the cardiothoracic transplant units, a population in which we had not previously detected outbreaks.MethodsAn outbreak investigation was conducted using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis for strain typing and electronic medical record review to determine the clinical characteristics of involved patients. The infection prevention (IP) team convened a multidisciplinary process improvement team comprised of IP, cardiothoracic transplant nursing and medical leadership, environmental services, and the microbiology laboratory.ResultsBetween December 2020 and March 2021, the outbreak involved thirteen patients in the cardiothoracic transplant units, four index cases, and nine transmissions. Of the 13, seven (54%) were on the transplant service, including heart and lung transplant recipients, patients with ventricular assist devices, and a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation. Four of 13 (31%) developed a clinical infection.DiscussionCardiothoracic surgery/transplant patients may have a similar risk for VRE‐associated morbidity as abdominal solid organ transplant and stem cell transplant patients, highlighting the need for aggressive outbreak management when VRE transmission is detected. Our experience demonstrates an unintended consequence of discontinuing MDRO surveillance in this population and highlights a need for education, monitoring, and reinforcement of foundational infection prevention measures to ensure optimal outcomes.
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Integrative analysis in Pinus revealed long‐term heat stress splicing memory
Authors: Roces Víctor , Lamelas Laura , Valledor Luis , Carbó María , Cañal María Jesús , Meijón Mónica 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYDue to the current climate change, many studies have described main drivers in abiotic stress. Recent findings suggest that alternative splicing (AS) has a critical role in controlling plant responses to high temperature. AS is a mechanism that allows organisms to create an assortment of RNA transcripts and proteins using a single gene. However, the most important roles of AS in stress could not be rigorously addressed because research has been focused on model species, covering only a narrow phylogenetic and lifecycle spectrum. Thus, AS degree of diversification among more dissimilar taxa in heat response is still largely unknown. To fill this gap, the present study employs a systems biology approach to examine how the AS landscape responds to and ‘remembers’ heat stress in conifers, a group which has received little attention even though their position can solve key evolutionary questions. Contrary to angiosperms, we found that potential intron retention may not be the most prevalent type of AS. Furthermore, our integrative analysis with metabolome and proteome data places splicing as the main source of variation during the response. Finally, we evaluated possible acquired long‐term splicing memory in a diverse subset of events, and although this mechanism seems to be conserved in seed plants, AS dynamics are divergent. These discoveries reveal the particular way of remembering past temperature changes in long‐lived plants and open the door to include species with unique features to determine the extent of conservation in gene expression regulation.