bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metode Bertukar Gagasan dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara
Authors: Harianto Erwin 
Published: November 2022

Mengajar (Teaching) dapat membantu siswa memperoleh informasi, ide, keterampilan, nilai,cara berpikir, sarana untuk mengespresikan dirinya, dan cara-cara belajar. Penggunaan metode keterampilan berbicara dimaksudkan agar siswa dapat mengguna­kan bahasa lisan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan, dan meng­komunikasikan gagasan dan informasi, serta un­tuk berintegrasi de­ngan orang lain. Keterampilan berbicara pada hakikatnya adalah kemampuan memiliki dan menata gagasan secara logis dan sistematis, menuangkannya ke dalam kode kebahasaan sesuai dengan kaidah bahasa yang digunakan serta konteks komunikasi yang sesuai, dan mengucapkannya dengan lancar dan jelas. Keterampilan berbicara perlu dikuasai oleh para siswa dalam proses belajar-mengajar di sekolah. Metode bertukar gagasan dalam pengajaran bahasa Indonesia sering digunakan dalam diskusi. Diskusi adalah proses penglibatan dua atau lebih individu yang berinteraksi secara verbal dan tatap muka, mengenai tujuan yang sudah tentu melalui cara tukar-menukar informasi untuk memecahkan masalah. Melalui metode ini siswa dapat berdiskusi dan saling mengemukakan pendapat secara kontstruktif serta merumuskan pikirannya secara teratur dalam dalam bentuk yang dapat diterima orang.
THE DIFFERENTATION IN POLISH REGIONS IN TERMS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
Authors: Puchalska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

The article presents the differentiation between the regions in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI). The dominant importance for enterprises with foreign capital has Masovian Voivodeship where for years the most joint ventures has been registered. In this region is located more than 39% of such entities. Another important province for foreign investors are: Lower Silesia, Silesia and Greater Poland. The lowest important for foreign investors are: Świętokrzyskie, Warmia-Mazury and Opole. In terms of employed in joint ventures the most importance has: Masovian Voivodeship , Greater Poland Voivodeship , Silesian and Lower Silesia Voivodeship.
This disparities are largely due to the potential and resources of the regions themselves, which in turn depends on many factors, such as: geopolitical, or historically shaped the social and economic structure.
THE SCHOOL DIRECTOR AS A LEADER IN THE CREATION OF THE BUDGETARY LOCAL POLICY FOR THE CHALLENGES OF PRESENT TIMES
Authors: KUPIS DOROTA 
Published: November 2022

The subject of the work is a school head teacher who is a leader in creating the educational policy of self-government, which was posed against the challenges of modern times.I tried to answer the question: what should the headmaster be like? I have discussed not only the features that should be distinguished, but also the functions, tasks and competences of the person managing the facility. I pointed out that the school head teacher should have overarching goals, which should be clearly defined and part of educational objectives. In addition, he should strive to make his school for all (students and their parents, teachers and administrative employees) as the best place - safe, well-maintained and efficiently managed. School should be a place where there is compatibility and interaction on the levels: school head teacher-teachers-pupils-parents. I showed that the head teacher's personality is also of great importance here.I pointed out that the school head teacher should objectively assess the influence of the environment, politics, system, and social conditions on the rhythm and coherence of work at school. In addition, it is important to strive for good cooperation with the local authority - it depends on it financing the school. His personality, management styles and therefore work have an impact on the development of the facility, raising the level of education of students and teachers, the effectiveness of their work and the successes achieved.
In the further part of the work I pointed out what is and what the style of management depends on. Then I analyzed the management styles by referring to the subject literature. I used the positions of such scientists as: R. Likert, K. Lewin, R. Blak, J. Mouton, J.W. Reddin to present their different points of view and classification possibilities.Finally, I discussed the issue of the state's education policy because it is an important element of the modern education system in Poland. I pointed out that the school is the most important educational institution for the local government. The school head teacher's task as a leader and representative of the whole school community is to actively participate in building local educational policy. Therefore, only mutual cooperation between self-government and school head teachers will bring desirable effects in the field of education.
"I WILL HIRE HIS MAJESTY'S DRIVER". A STORY ABOUT THE SEARCH FOR AN EMPLOYEE, I.E. NARRATOLOGY IN PRACTICE
Authors: GERAGA MAGDALENA 
Published: November 2022

Job advertisements are a very important element of the recruitment process. Among other things, it depends on them whether the company will appear as an attractive place for specialists. Atypical job advertisements, based on narratology, i.e. the art of telling stories, have three goals: interest, building a brand and finding suitable candidates. The article is an attempt to analyze several job advertisements in the context of narratology and to answer the question about their value.
SUPPLEMENTARY CLAIMS CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF INHERITANCE IN GERMAN LAW
Authors: KLEDYŃSKA ANNA 
Published: November 2022

The inherited estate or individual items comprising the estate may, for various reasons, come into possession of unauthorised persons. In such circumstances, the true heir could claim the return of inheritance items via singular claims, or make a claim under the protection of inheritance to surrender the estate or its individual items. However, as a rule, the restitution of assets does not compensate for the entire damage suffered by the heir.
The scope of and conditions for such mutual settlements are regulated specifically in different legal orders. In German law, the issue of the protection of inheritance and the related mutual settlements is subject to extensive regulations, which make both the scope and type of mutual obligations dependent on the good or bad faith of the possessor of the estate, and even on the manner in which they have come into possession of inheritance items. This paper presents normative solutions related to the protection of inheritance and related supplementary claims in German law.
Dietary Pattern of School-Going Children during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Brij Pal , Sharma Mahak 
Published: November 2022

Background: School age is the foundation of human life. A healthy and balanced diet plays a major role in the proper growth development of the body as well as the mind. Only a balanced diet can provide all the macro and micronutrients. Covid 19 has impacted each and every human being in some or another manner. School-going children had to cope with new encounters involving online teaching-learning methodology and social distancing. As a result, these children have undergone mental and psychological trauma. This led them to follow faulty dietary habits, which would have long time impact on their health.
Aim and Objectives: In the present survey, an attempt has been made to compile a report on the dietary intake of school-going children in the Roopnagar district of Punjab, India.
Methodology: For the purpose sample of 100 students (7 to 12 years) was selected from four development blocks of district Roopnagar, and the cluster sampling method was adopted for data collection. A detailed pretested questionnaire on the dietary habits of children was used.
Results: 59% of children were vegetarian, 32% were non-vegetarian, and 9% were eggetarian. Study findings showed that children preferred some of the items such as wheat, rice, sugar, rajma, black gram, green gram, potato, tomato, onion, apple, banana, and grapes over other food items in the same food group.
Conclusion: Results showed that children do not consume a variety of food items, and some selected food items only resulting low dietary diversity and food variety.
An Enzyme-based Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Phenolic Compound (2- Methoxyphenol) Using Peroxidase from Ipomea batata
Authors: Magomya A. M. , Yebpella G. G. , Okpaegbe U. C. , Ataitiya H. 
Published: November 2022

Phenolic compounds and their derivatives are considered priority pollutants because they are harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. Due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment, many efforts are been made to develop simple and effective methods for their determination. This study describes a peroxidase-based method for the quantitative determination of a named phenolic compound. The method is based on the oxido-reductase activity of peroxidase in a H2O2/2-Methoxyphenol system. Calibration curve of peroxidase activity (absorbance) against the phenol concentration forms the basis for its quantitative estimation. Factors influencing the reaction were evaluated and optimized; Optimum pH and temperature were 6 and 40°C respectively while optimum reaction time was 6 minutes. The calibration curve for the analyte was linear (R2 =0.998) within the concentration range of 0.01–5 mM. Repeatability of analysis was 3.8% RSD for 7 replicate measurements. Recovery tests for the analyte in water samples gave values between 85.33 – 112%.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione Carol M. , Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Cabana Michael , Chelmow David , Rucker Coker Tumaini , Davidson Karina W. , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Kubik Martha , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Wong John B. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceCurrent prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the US is not well established; however, based on cohort and survey data, in 2007-2010 the estimated prevalence of at least mild OSA (defined as an apnea-hypoxia index [AHI] ≥5) plus symptoms of daytime sleepiness among adults aged 30 to 70 years was 14% for men and 5% for women, and the estimated prevalence of moderate to severe OSA (defined as AHI ≥15) was 13% for men and 6% for women. Severe OSA is associated with increased all-cause mortality. Other adverse health outcomes associated with untreated OSA include cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular events, type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, decreased quality of life, and motor vehicle crashes.ObjectiveTo update its 2017 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for OSA in adults.PopulationAsymptomatic adults (18 years or older) and adults with unrecognized symptoms of OSA.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for OSA in the general adult population.RecommendationThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for OSA in the general adult population. (I statement)
Understanding Hospital-Level Patterns of Nonoperative Management for Low-risk Thyroid and Kidney Cancer
Authors: Koelker Mara , Krimphove Marieke , Alkhatib Khalid , Nabi Junaid , Kuo Lindsay E. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Chang Steven Lee , Doherty Gerard M. , Kibel Adam S. , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Cole Alexander P. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThere is a growing trend toward conservative management for certain low-risk cancers. Hospital and health-system factors may play a role in determining how these patients are managed.ObjectiveTo explore the contribution of hospitals on patients’ odds of nonoperative management for low-risk cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, individuals with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer and solitary kidney masses were identified, and those receiving nonoperative management vs surgery were compared. Patients with low-risk thyroid cancer and kidney cancer from 2015 to 2017 eligible for nonoperative management according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines within the National Cancer Database were included. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each facility, the proportion of these patients who received operative and nonoperative management was calculated. A mixed-effects logistic regression model with a hospital-level random effects term was used to calculate factors associated with nonoperative management. Between-hospital variability was assessed using ranked caterpillar plots.ResultsThere were 19 570 individuals with low-risk thyroid cancer (15 344 women [78.4%]; mean [SD] age, 51.74 [95% CI, 51.39-52.08] years) and 41 403 with kidney cancer (25 253 men [61.0%]; mean [SD] age, 61.93 [95% CI, 61.70-62.17] years). In the group with low-risk thyroid cancer, 2.1% (419 patients) received nonoperative management, and in the group with kidney cancer, 9.5% (3928 patients) received nonoperative management. This varied between hospitals from 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.1%) in the bottom decile to 10.3% (95% CI, 8.0%-12.4%) in the top decile for low-risk thyroid cancer, and from 4.3% (95% CI, 4.1%-4.4%) in the bottom decile to 24.6% (95% CI, 22.7%-26.5%) in the top decile for small kidney masses. For both cancers, age was associated with increased odds of nonoperative treatment. The hospital-level odds of nonoperative management of thyroid and kidney cancer using unadjusted probabilities (observed proportions) were minimally correlated (Spearman ρ = .33; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that although health systems factors may be associated with the tendency to pursue nonoperative management, hospital-level factors may differ when comparing unrelated cancers.
An Integrated Metal‐Free Modification Method to Construct Efficient and Durable Bulk Heterojunction Photocathode for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Shi Wenwen , Li Dongfeng , Tu Dandan , Li Deng , Yu Wei , Shi Jingying , Li Can 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolymer semiconductor with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has attracted increasing attention to fabricate highly efficient photoelectrode for converting solar energy and water into hydrogen, thanks to its high photocurrent output and positive onset potential beyond 0.6 V. However, BHJ‐based photoelectrodes demonstrate poor anticorrosion against irradiation in aqueous environment, thus the photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability is a very intractable problem to solve. Herein, an inside and outside integrated modification method is developed to help BHJ‐based photocathode withstand PEC erosion during hydrogen production in acidic solution. The obtained BHJ (PBDB‐T:ITIC:PC71BM)‐based photocathode with surface carbon protective layer allows sustained and fast PEC hydrogen evolution (an average photocurrent density up to 13.5 mA cm−2) for a duration up to 15 h, which is among the best results of BHJ‐based photocathodes. The internal modification with fullerene derivative of PC71BM boosts the photogenerated electron transfer to balance against relative fast hole transfer, which largely alleviates electron accumulation and improves PEC intrinsic stability as a result. The surface carbon layer effectively resists the permeation of aqueous electrolyte without hindering interfacial charge transfer. This metal‐free protective method is very promising toward construction of highly robust BHJ‐based photoelectrodes for sustainable water splitting.
Quantum Dot‐in‐Mechanoluminescent Matrix for Full‐Color Implementation
Authors: Jeong Hong In , Yang Jonghee , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Oh Jae Taek , Song Hochan , Lim Seul Gi , Ha Su Ryong , Lee Bo Ram , Seo Hyo Jin , Choi Hyosung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML), a novel process that converts mechanical momentum to light emission, has shown potential for sustainable future technologies. However, the lights emitted from classical ML materials have shown broad emission spectra and a limitation in the choice of colors so far, constraining the full‐color implementation of ML. Herein, a quantum dot (QD)‐in‐mechanoluminescent matrix (QMM) architecture is introduced by simply incorporating QDs with the classical ML‐active matrices, designed to utilize the sharp emission spectra of the QDs. The QMMs demonstrate distinctive green and red lights identical to the emissions from the QDs through mechanical stimuli, achieving the purest ML reported to date. Furthermore, the deployments of the QDs allow the full‐color implementation of ML covering a wide color gamut, as well as the demonstration of the purest white reported to date. Systematic investigations reveal that the ML operation in the QMM is governed according to the ML‐stimulated photoluminescence (PL) mechanism, preventing energy or charge transfer processes. Moreover, the QMMs exhibit excellent stabilities upon environmental stresses and the patterned system is readily prepared, guaranteeing both robustness and easy processability of the system. This simple QMM strategy suggests practical insights for the development of powerless ML display and lighting systems.
Police, courts, and corrections: Experiences of procedural injustice among Black adults
Authors: Martinez Andrew , Swaner Rachel , Ramdath Cassandra , Kusiak Carey Katherine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRacial disparities and a corresponding lack of trust have been documented within the criminal legal system. In response, criminal legal system actors have sought to strengthen the legitimacy of their agencies. However, legitimizing these agencies can be problematic. Some argue that the current criminal legal system continues the legacy of slavery and Jim Crow as Blacks are disproportionately policed and incarcerated. As a framework, procedural injustice can offer a unique backdrop and interrogate ways in which the criminal legal system engages in delegitimizing actions that provoke noncompliance and enable social control. Using a procedural injustice lens, this study examines how justice‐involved Black adults experience mistreatment by justice system actors. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 84 Black adults in Newark and Cleveland. Study findings offer a comprehensive account of how participants experience procedural injustice as arrestees, defendants, and incarcerated persons. More specifically, participant narratives describe deliberately antagonistic, abusive, and dehumanizing treatment by justice‐system agents—often depicted as racially motivated. Participant accounts also describe this mistreatment as occurring in a context of coercion and powerlessness and as being institutionally sanctioned. Implications for the preservation of racial hierarchies, research, practice, and community psychology are discussed.
Taming Chiral Quaternary Stereocenters via Remote H‐Bonding Stereoinduction in Palladium‐Catalyzed (3+2) Cycloadditions
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Qing , Li Miao‐Miao , Zhou Zheng‐Xin , Li Yu‐Jie , Cao Meng‐Yue , Liu Xiao‐Peng , Lu Hai‐Hua , Rao Li , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Beauchemin André M. , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRing‐opening transformations of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) cyclopropanes enable the rapid assembly of complex molecules. However, the enantioselective formation of chiral quaternary stereocenters using substrates bearing two different acceptors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe the first palladium‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective (3+2) cycloaddition of vinyl cyclopropanes bearing two different electron‐withdrawing groups, a subset of D‐A cyclopropanes. The key to the success of this reaction is the remote stereoinduction through hydrogen bond from chiral ligands, which thereby addressed the aforementioned challenge. A variety of chiral five‐membered heterocycles were produced in good yields and with high stereoselectivity (up to 99 % yields, 99 : 1 er and >19 : 1 dr). In‐depth mechanistic investigations, including control experiments and theoretical calculations, revealed the origin of the stereoselectivity and the importance of H‐bonding in stereocontrol.
Tuning Phonon Energies in Lanthanide‐doped Potassium Lead Halide Nanocrystals for Enhanced Nonlinearity and Upconversion
Authors: Zhang Zhuolei , Skripka Artiom , Dahl Jakob C. , Dun Chaochao , Urban Jeffrey J. , Jaque Daniel , Schuck P. James , Cohen Bruce E. , Chan Emory M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptical applications of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles require materials with low phonon energies to minimize nonradiative relaxation and promote nonlinear processes like upconversion. Heavy halide hosts offer low phonon energies but are challenging to synthesize as nanocrystals. Here, we demonstrate the size‐controlled synthesis of low‐phonon‐energy KPb2X5 (X=Cl, Br) nanoparticles and the ability to tune nanocrystal phonon energies as low as 128 cm−1. KPb2Cl5 nanoparticles are moisture resistant and can be efficiently doped with lighter lanthanides. The low phonon energies of KPb2X5 nanoparticles promote upconversion luminescence from higher lanthanide excited states and enable highly nonlinear, avalanche‐like emission from KPb2Cl5 : Nd3+ nanoparticles. The realization of nanoparticles with tunable, ultra‐low phonon energies facilitates the discovery of nanomaterials with phonon‐dependent properties, precisely engineered for applications in nanoscale imaging, sensing, luminescence thermometry and energy conversion.
Highly Luminescent One‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Double‐Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for Single‐Component Warm White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Bai Tianxin , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Zhongyi , Ji Sujun , Meng Xuan , Wang Qiujie , Zhang Ruiling , Han Peigeng , Han Ke‐li , Chen Junsheng , Liu Feng , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDouble perovskites (DPs) are one of the most promising candidates for developing white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) owing to their intrinsic broadband emission from self‐trapped excitons (STEs). Translation of three‐dimensional (3D) DPs to one‐dimensional (1D) analogues, which could break the octahedral tolerance factor limit, is so far remaining unexplored. Herein, by employing a fluorinated organic cation, we report a series of highly luminescent 1D DP‐inspired materials, (DFPD)2MIInBr6 (DFPD=4,4‐difluoropiperidinium, MI=K+ and Rb+). Highly efficient warm‐white photoluminescence quantum yield of 92 % is achieved by doping 0.3 % Sb3+ in (DFPD)2KInBr6. Furthermore, single‐component warm‐WLEDs fabricated with (DFPD)2KInBr6:Sb yield a luminance of 300 cd/m2, which is one of the best‐performing lead‐free metal‐halides WLEDs reported so far. Our study expands the scope of In‐based metal‐halides from 3D to 1D, which exhibit superior optical performances and broad application prospects.