bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical analysis of some medicinal plants growing in Algeria: Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Foenuculum vulgare
Authors: Tabak Souhila , Bendif Hamdi , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Mediouni Rida Mohammed , Blake Petulia 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to investigate, the physic-ochemical characterization of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Foenuculum vulgare. The analysis which carried out on these plants includes pH, titratable acidity, fiber, fat, sugars, soluble solids, pectin and protein. The results from the study of three medicinal plants, show that: Allium sativum, present a low acid vegetable (6.10 ± 0.005), rich in water (63.67% ± 0.1131) and sugars (25.6g / 100g ± 0.034), its pectin content is (2.89 % ± 0.1619) and fiber (1.47% ± 0.007), but contains a low protein content of (0.04mg / ml ± 0.0028) and traces of lipids. Allium cepa had a low acid vegetable (5.42 ± 0.0707), rich in water (92.20% ± 0.0212), sugars (13.16g / 100g ± 0.1416), pectin (3.102% ± 0.0459), and fiber (2.12% ± 0.070). Its protein content (0.1mg / ml ± 0.007) was low, and traces of lipids. For, Foenuculum vulgare, a slightly acidic vegetable (6.02 ± 0.0057), highly rich in water (95.34% ± 0.00), sugars (16.80g / 100g ± 0.1983), dietary fiber (12.20% ± 0, 0785), and pectin (3.79% ± 0.07). However, contains low protein content (0.034mg / ml ± 0.0098), and traces of lipids. The results obtained from this study show that the three plants garlic, onion and fennel have a good chemical composition.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN MUTU BETON SPUN PILE DIAMETER 300 MM PRODUKSI PT. WASKITA BETON PRECAST - PLANT BOJONEGARA
Authors: Saputra Agus , Yusup M. Ichwanul , Abadi Ma'ulfi Kharis 
Published: February 2022

Pengendalian mutu beton tiang pancang sangat mempengaruhi akan kekuatan tiang pancang tersebut, dalam menunjang kekuatan suatu pondasi gedung yang akan dibangun. Spun Pile adalah jenis pondasi dalam yang merupakan bagian dari struktur bangunan dan dirancang untuk menahan beban struktur suatu bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan pengumpulan data pengendalian mutu spun pile yang meliputi uji property material, mix design, test slump, dan uji kuat tekan benda uji. Dalam pengendalian mutu spun pile terdiri dari berbagai macam metode pengujian matrial. Mulai dari uji agregat kasar dan agregat halus, job mix, sampai dengan pengujian benda uji. Hal itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan material alam yang digunakan untuk pembuatan produk spun pile, agar dapat ditentukan layak atau tidak digunakan dan untuk mengetahui kekuatan mutu beton spun pile yang direncanakan. Proses pembuatan spun pile dilakukan dengan peralatan yang canggih untuk menunjang pekerjaan dan dilakukan perawatan terhadap produk supaya mengurangi produk cacat. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengujian material dalam pengendalian mutu beton harus sesuai standar, pembuatan produk harus bagus dan berkualitas, cara mengatasi produk cacat dengan baik serta cara perawatan produk yang bagus.
The Correlation of Cognitive and Functional Ability among Elderly
Authors: Gede Budhi Artha Yoga  , I.A Pascha Paramurthi  , I Putu Astrawan  
Published: February 2022

Background: Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and over. Increasing age will experience changes in the structure and physiology of the brain, which will affect cerebral blood flow and metabolism, which will affect the decline in cognitive function. The cognitive impairment will have a negative impact on the process of thinking, remembering, and processing information.
Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive and functional abilities in the elderly.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on April 2021 with a population of elderly who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The elderly selected by purposive sampling obtained 52 samples. Cognitive measurement using MMSE and functional ability with IADL Lawton. Data were analyzed using a computer's Somers' d test to determine the relationship between cognitive and functional abilities.
Results: Analysis of the relationship between cognitive and functional abilities of 52 elderly using Somers'd showed a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.005) which reported a significant relationship between cognitive and functional abilities.
Conclusion: there was a relationship between cognitive and functional abilities in the elderly.
The Efficacy of Deep Cervical Flexor Training with Feedback Reducing Pain and Disability in Individuals with Work-Related Neck Pain
Authors: Kamayoga I Dewa Gede Alit , Adyasputri A A I Ayesa Febrinia , Putra I Putu Yudi Pramana , Widnyana M. , Utama Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The most common trouble when doing task is work related neck pain. Neck pain can have negative effect on workers related to the resulting work productivity. To conquer this, there is deep cervical flexor training with feedback training to solve that problems. This study aims to find out whether deep cervical flexor training with feedback is powerful in reducing pain and disability the work-related neck pain.
Methods: This study using a literature review by conducting data studies related to deep cervical flexor training with feedback, neck pain, and working. The initial search in 4 databases found a total of 36 articles. After the selection using inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 28 articles.
Results: Based on some literature, it shows that deep cervical flexor training with feedback aims to activate the deep cervical flexor muscle effectively in reducing pain through the release of endorphins and decreasing pain and changes in muscle function have an effect on reducing disability in work related neck pain.
Conclusion: Providing deep cervical flexor training with feedback is powerful in decreasing the level of pain and disability in work-related neck pain.
A Study of Relationship to Absentees and Score Using Machine Learning Method: A Case Study of Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Yadav Ramjeet Singh 
Published: February 2022

Absenteeism from classrooms amongst students is an international problem that does not only affect Indian students. This research is focuses on absentees of student in class and score and has been carried out by using linear regression analysis. Linear regression analysis is one of excellent method of machine learning. The descriptive, student's t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression models were used in this study's statistical analysis. According to the results of this study, there are considerable variations between absentees and score (t-test=-4.06075, p < 0.05). The study also discovered that absenteeism from class had a negative link with the score (r = -0.6088) . To investigate the impact of class absentees on student score, a regression model was created. This study will benefit both the college administration and the students by raising awareness of the disadvantages of not attending classes.
Utilization of Bokasi Solid Organic Fertilizer on Corn Plants (Zea mays, L) in Matang Seping Village, Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Sebayang Nico , Sembiring Desi Sri , Tambunan Syariani 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the dose of solid bokashi fertilizer and determine the best dose on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.). The research was carried out in Matang Seping Village, Kec. Banda Mulia, Kab. Aceh Tamiang. The time of the study was carried out from October to December 2019. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), which was given treatment and was non-factorial. The dose factor of bokashi fertilizer with notation (P), which consists of levels, namely: P0 = Without Bokashi, P1 = 200 grams, P2 = 300 grams, P3 = 400 grams. , 4th week and 6th week gave a significant effect on P3 treatment, namely at a dose of 400 grams/plant on the growth of plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves on corn (Zea mays L.).2.Use of solid bokashi fertilizer in the 2nd week, 4th week to 6th week can spur the growth of corn plants so that it has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves on corn plants (Zea mays L.) in P3 treatment with a dose of 400 grams / plant.
PEDAGOGIA NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL FRENTE À INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Nascimento Bruno da Silva  , Nunes Gislaine Silveira , Borges Aline Andressa Trennepohl  , Silveira Lucas Peixoto da  , Schwertz Fábio Lopes  , Santos Carla Pilling dos 
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho surge com intuito de trazer à baila uma discussão sobre tão importante assunto que é o sistema prisional, destacando a atividade de pedagogia como instituto de inclusão social. Neste contexto se busca evidenciar o trabalho do professor na reconstrução e transformação dos apenados que se propõem a condição de alunos, buscando uma nova condição de vida e de oportunidades. Para possibilitar melhor compreensão sobre o assunto, a análise estará voltada a pesquisa bibliográfica de autores renomados que falam do tema, bem como se utilizará de pesquisa da legislação e demais normativas que tratam das questões da educação de forma geral, como a Constituição Federal Brasileira, Lei de Execução Penal – LEP Lei Nr 7.210/84 e Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Com esta pesquisa se pretende ao final poder demonstrar e aclarar a necessidade de atividade pedagógicas no âmbito prisional.
Long-term trends in diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity: a 16 000-year multidecadal record from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia
Authors: Mackay Anson W. , Felde Vivian A. , Morley David W. , Piotrowska Natalia , Rioual Patrick , Seddon Alistair W. R. , Swann George E. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Biological diversity is inextricably linked to community stability and
ecosystem functioning, but our understanding of these relationships in
freshwater ecosystems is largely based on short-term observational,
experimental, and modelling approaches. Using a multidecadal diatom record
for the past ca. 16 000 years from Lake Baikal, we investigate how diversity
and palaeoproductivity have responded to climate change during periods of
both rapid climate fluctuation and relative climate stability. We show
dynamic changes in diatom communities during the past 16 000 years, with
decadal shifts in species dominance punctuating millennial-scale seasonal
trends. We describe for the first time in Lake Baikal a gradual shift from
spring to autumnal diatom communities that started during the Younger Dryas
and peaked during the Late Holocene, which likely represents orbitally driven
ecosystem responses to long-term changes in seasonality. Using a
multivariate classification tree, we show that trends in planktonic and
tychoplanktonic diatoms broadly reflect both long-term climatic changes
associated with the demise of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and abrupt
climatic changes associated with, for example, the Younger Dryas stadial.
Indeed, diatom communities are most different before and after the boundary
between the Early and Middle Holocene periods of ca. 8.2 cal kyr BP, associated
with the presence and demise of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets respectively.
Diatom richness and diversity, estimated using Hill's species numbers, are
also shown to be very responsive to periods characterized by abrupt climate
change, and using knowledge of diatom autecologies in Lake Baikal, diversity
trends are interpreted in terms of resource availability. Using diatom
biovolume accumulation rates (BVARs; µm3 cm−2 yr−1), we
show that spring diatom crops dominate palaeoproductivity for nearly all of
our record, apart from a short period during the Late Holocene, when
autumnal productivity dominated between 1.8–1.4 cal kyr BP.
Palaeoproductivity was especially unstable during the Younger Dryas,
reaching peak rates of 18.3 × 103 µm3 cm−2 yr−1 at
ca. 12.3 cal kyr BP. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which explore
productivity–diversity relationships (PDRs) during pre-defined climate
periods, reveal complex relationships. The strongest statistical evidence for
GAMs were found during the Younger Dryas, the Early Holocene, and the Late
Holocene, i.e. periods of rapid climate change. We account for these
differences in terms of climate-mediated resource availability, and the
ability of endemic diatom species in Lake Baikal to adapt to extreme forms
of living in this unique ecosystem. Our analyses offer insight into how
productivity–diversity relationships may develop in the future under a
warming climate.
Representing low-intensity fire sensible heat output in a mesoscale atmospheric model with a canopy submodel: a case study with ARPS-CANOPY (version 5.2.12)
Authors: Kiefer Michael T. , Heilman Warren E. , Zhong Shiyuan , Charney Joseph J. , Bian Xindi , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Clark Kenneth L. , Gallagher Michael R. , Hom John L. , Patterson Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mesoscale models are a class of atmospheric numerical model designed to simulate atmospheric phenomena with horizontal scales of about 2–200 km, although they are also applied to microscale phenomena with horizontal scales of less than about 2 km. Mesoscale models are capable of simulating wildland fire impacts on atmospheric flows if combustion byproducts (e.g., heat, smoke) are properly represented in the model. One of the primary challenges encountered in applying a mesoscale model to studies of fire-perturbed flows is the representation of the fire sensible heat source in the model. Two primary methods have been implemented previously: turbulent sensible heat flux, either in the form of an exponentially-decaying vertical heat flux profile or surface heat flux; and soil temperature perturbation. In this study, the ARPS-CANOPY model, a version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model with a canopy submodel, is utilized to simulate the turbulent atmosphere during a low-intensity operational prescribed fire in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The study takes place in two phases: model assessment and model sensitivity. In the model assessment phase, analysis is limited to a single control simulation in which the fire sensible heat source is represented as an exponentially decaying vertical profile of turbulent sensible heat flux. In the model sensitivity phase, a series of simulations are conducted to explore the sensitivity of model–observation agreement to (i) the method used to represent the fire sensible heat source in the model and (ii) parameters controlling the magnitude and vertical distribution of the sensible heat source. In both phases, momentum and scalar fields are compared between the model simulations and data obtained from six flux towers located within and adjacent to the burn unit. The multi-dimensional model assessment confirms that the model reproduces the background and fire-perturbed atmosphere as depicted by the tower observations, although the model underestimates the turbulent kinetic energy at the top of the canopy at several towers. The model sensitivity tests reveal that the best agreement with observations occurs when the fire sensible heat source is represented as a turbulent sensible heat flux profile, with surface heat flux magnitude corresponding to the peak 1 min mean observed heat flux averaged across the flux towers, and an e-folding extinction depth corresponding to the average canopy height in the burn unit. The study findings provide useful guidance for improving the representation of the sensible heat released from low-intensity prescribed fires in mesoscale models.
Al-Emam Yagoob Bin Ishag Al-Hadrami and his Efforts in Quranic Readings (Analitical Study)
Authors: اسحاق عبدالله سليمان عبدالله 
Published: February 2022

This research used in studying this topic the inductive and descriptive methods to tracing the biography of Imam Yacoub bin Ishaq Al-Hadrami and his scholarly efforts in the Qur'anic readings (Qirā’āt) as cited in the literature, and scientifically studying such efforts according to what is followed in scientific research. The research is divided into three: introduction followed by three chapters and a conclusion. Introduction contains the significance of the research, the rationale behind the selection of its subject, the problem of the research, its questions and limitations and the previous studies. In chapter one, the research dealt with the name of Imam Yacoub bin Ishaq Al-Hadrami, his nickname, birth, death, his students and Sheikhs. In chapter two, the research dealt with his Qur'anic reading and people's consensus on it, and his contemporary students and Sheikhs. It also tackled his social life and other scholars' opinions about his efforts. Chapter three contains the Assaneed (supporting evidences) of al-Imam Yacoub al-Hadrami to Qur'anic reading, his approach and books, and the popular scholars who have narrated about his efforts. In the conclusion, the research presented the most important findings and bibliographies.
The following are the most important findings

Yagoub al-Hadrami was one of the most knowledgeable scholars of the Qur'anic readings (Qirā’āt), Arabic grammar, and other related subjects.
Yaqoub al-Hadrami is counted as one of the ten readers who have received the nation's acceptance.

3 - Yaqoub al-Hadrami was as a guide in the selection of Basri laymen after Abu Amr Ibn Al-Ala Al Basri.

The most popular scholarly narrators of his Qur'anic readings (Qirā’āt) are Muhammad ibn al-Mutawakil who is known as 'Riweis' and Rouh Ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min.
The parentage of al-Imam Yaqoub to al-Hadramah is only because of his loyalty not a blood relationship, but he was born and died Basra in Iraq.
الأسباب و الدوافع الأمريكية المعلنة و غير المعلنة لتغيير المناهج التعليمية في البلاد العربية و الإسلامية : تحليل محتوى مواد إعلامية في شبكة "الإنترنت"
Authors: عبد الله بن عبد العزيز السهلاوي 
Published: February 2022

الأسباب و الدوافع الأمريكية المعلنة و غير المعلنة لتغيير المناهج التعليمية في البلاد العربية و الإسلامية : تحليل محتوى مواد إعلامية في شبكة "الإنترنت"
تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد الأسباب و الدوافع المعلنة وغير المعلنة للمطالب الأمريكية بتغيير المناهج التعليمة في الدول العربية و الإسلامية كما عبرت عنها تصريحات المسؤولين الأمريكيين و بعض المواد الإعلامية في شبكة الانترنت.
و لتحقيق هذا الهدف تم اختيار 51 مادة إعلامية بطريقة العينة الغرضية من خلال الاستعانة بمحركي البحث في شبكة الانترنت(google، و الجزيرة نت).
و قد توصلت الدراسة الى ان هناك 49 سببا و دافعا معلنا، ثم تم دمجها في خمسة أسباب أو دوافع رئيسية.
و فيما يلي السببان أو الدافعان الرئيسيان اللذان حصلا على أعل تكرار و نسبة مئوية : 1-أن المؤسسات و المناهج التعليمية هي منبع الإرهاب و المحرضة على التطرف و العنف.
2-محاربة الإرهاب و تجفيف منابعة الفكرية، و التخلص من الحقد و الكراهية.
كما توصلت الدراسة أيضا الى ان هناك 67 سببا و دافعا غير معلنة تم دمجها في سته أسباب أو دوافع رئيسية.
و فيما يلي الأسباب أو الدوافع الثلاثة التي حصلت على أعلى تكرار و نسبة مئوية : 1-تحقيق الهيمنة الثقافية كحلقة في المشروع الاستراتيجي الأمريكي للاستئثار بزعامة العالم.
2-القضاء على الأفكار و الأسس الإسلامية التي تتعارض مع المشروع الأمريكي.
3-القضاء على الإسلام باعتباره الخطر الرئيسي على أمر.
و قد طرحت الدراسة مجموعة من المخاطر و المحاذير التي يمكن ان تترتب على الاستجابة للمطالب الأمريكية.
السياسة النقدية و النظام النقدي في السودان : دراسة تاريخية
Authors: عثمان يعقوب محمد ضو البيت 
Published: February 2022

السياسة النقدية و النظام النقدي في السودان : دراسة تاريخية
تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على السياسة النقدية و النظام النقدي في السودان من الناحية التاريخية.
و للوصول إلى الهدف قسمت الدراسة إلى أربع مراحل، مرحلة الحكم التركي و الدولة المهدية، مرحلة الحكم الثنائي، مرحلة ما بعد الاستقلال و مرحلة النظام النقدي الإسلامي.
تم استخدام كل من المنهج الاستقرائي و المنهج الاستنباطي و المنهج التاريخي في التحليل للوصول إلى نتائج نقدية.
أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هي : 1- يعتمد النظام النقدي التركي في السودان على النقود الواردة من مصر و أوروبا.
2- أول من أصدر نقودا في السودان هو غردون باشا.
3- أول عملة سودانية مستقلة أصدرها الخليفة عبدالله و كانت ذهبية.
4- النظام النقدي حتى أوائل الثمانينات كان نظاما وضعيا.
5- لم تكن هناك سياسة نقدية مستقلة قبل الإستقلال.
6- ركز البنك المركزي أخيرا على سياسة الاحتياطي و السياسة التمويلية لحشد الموارد لتلك البنوك التجارية و تمويل الأنشطة ذات الأولوية و تخليص معدلات التضخم.
دراسة لتقويم صناعة الأعلاف في ولاية الخرطوم
Authors: حسن خوجلي محمد سليمان 
Published: February 2022

دراسة لتقويم صناعة الأعلاف في ولاية الخرطوم
أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقويم صناعة الأعلاف في ولاية الخرطوم و كان التقويم على أساس الطاقة الإنتاجية، تصنيف المصانع إلى مجموعات حسب طريقة التسويق.
كما راجعت الدراسة وجود بعض الآلات و المعدات و المعامل و الإشراف الفني في تلك المصانع و المشاكل التي تواجه مصانع الأعلاف في الولاية.
توصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك ثلاثة أنواع من المصانع من حيث الطاقة الإنتاجية، و هي كبيرة و تنتج أكثر من 10 طن / الساعة متوسطة و تنتج أكثر من 5 طن / الساعة و أقل من 10 طن / الساعة و صغيرة و تنتج أقل من 5 طن / الساعة.
تسويق الأعلاف يتم إما تجاريا أو المصانع تنتج لمزارعها الخاصة بالشركة فقط أو تجاري و خاص.
و ضمت الدراسة نظم التشغيل المختلفة في تلك المصانع و وجود بعض الأدوات و الآليات المستخدمة في الإنتاج، كما تلاحظ أن بعض المصانع لا يوجد بها اختصاصي أعلاف و بعضها يوجد بها متعاونو القليل يوجد اختصاصي بصفة دائمة.
و ضمت الدراسة المصادر التي تعتمد عليها المصانع في جلب فوق مركزات أعلاف الدواجن، حيث وجدت أن معظم المصانع الكبيرة و المتوسطة و بعض الصغيرة تعتمد اعتمادا كليا على فوق مركزات مستوردة من أوروبا، بينما القليل يستخدم فوق مركزات محلية الصنع.
أشارت الدراسة إلى أن هناك بعض المشاكل التي تواجه صناعة الأعلاف من حيث التشغيل و الآلات و الأسبيرات و تذبذب أسعار المواد الخام التي لا تتوافر إلا في موسم معين، خصوصا الذرة التي تعتبر من أهم عناصر صناعة الأعلاف.
Supine Counterstrain Technique for Posterior Rib Tenderpoints
Authors: Figueroa Jose S. , Ellis Megan M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Seated counterstrain techniques for the treatment of posterior rib tenderpoints are common and can be found in literature. At times, it can be extremely inconvenient or impossible to treat certain patients in a seated position. A supine treatment position could easily address these concerns; however, there is no literature that illustrates how to utilize a counterstrain technique in a supine position for posterior rib tenderpoints. This article describes how to diagnose and treat posterior rib tenderpoints with a patient in the supine position through the application of a counterstrain technique. The importance of addressing posterior rib tenderpoints is discussed along with a brief list of additional somatic dysfunctions that should be addressed in a supine patient experiencing a thoracic cage somatic dysfunction.
A.T. Still’s Biogen
Authors: Masiello Domenick J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article traces the appearance and frequency of use of the term biogen (vital force or life force) in the corpus of osteopathic literature from Andrew Taylor Still and the early days of the American School of Osteopathy (ASO) through the early 20th century to the 21st century. The meaning and use of biogen is placed within its historical context and contemporaneous philosophical influences are explored. Early definitions of osteopathy as both a bio-mechanical and a bio-energetic method of healing are revealed. The work of William Garner Sutherland is discussed in terms of his acceptance and use of bio-energetic terminology and concepts. The influence of Walter Russell on Sutherland’s work is also discussed. Still’s personal traits of imagination, memory and intuition are discussed as the foundation of his lived experience of osteopathy.