bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric simulation‐based precipitation datasets outperform satellite‐based products in closing basin‐wide water budget in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jiang Yaozhi , Yang Kun , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Wenjiang , Shen Yan , Chen Yingying , Li Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSatellite‐based precipitation products (SBPs) have been widely used in hydrological applications in recent decades but may contain large uncertainties in mountainous regions. Atmospheric simulation‐based datasets (ABDs) have been greatly improved in recent years, but their applications in mountainous hydrology are rare and need further validation. This study compares the performance of three SBPs and two ABDs in the mountainous Minjiang River basin, focusing on their potential for closing the basin‐wide water budget. The three SBPs include the China Merged Precipitation Analysis (CMPA), the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP); the two ABDs are the fifth generation Reanalysis product of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) and the High Asia Refined Analysis Version 2 (HAR V2). The five products are validated with rain gauge data and results show that all the five products except IMERG can generally reproduce the spatial pattern and elevation dependence of observed precipitation. Particularly, precipitation amount in the two ABDs is close to gauge observations in the low elevations, but much more than the gauge observations in areas with a sharp rise in elevations. Assessment of water budget shows that all SBPs yield severe negative water imbalance (greater than 50.0% of corresponding runoff) at most sub‐basins, while the ABDs can better close the water budget with water imbalance values between ±30.0% in most sub‐basins, respectively. Further analyses show that large relative differences between SBPs and ABDs mainly occur in areas with large topographical relief and in winter, which is likely because the ABDs outperform the SBPs in capturing orographic precipitation in complex terrain and solid precipitation in winter.
Polyacrylamide hydrogel lubricates cartilage after biochemical degradation and mechanical injury
Authors: Vishwanath Karan , McClure Scott R. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntra‐articular injections of hyaluronic acid have been a mainstay of osteoarthritis treatment for decades. However, controversy surrounds the mechanism of action and efficacy of this therapy. As such, there has been recent interest in developing synthetic lubricants that lubricate cartilage. Recently, a synthetic 4 wt% polyacrylamide (pAAm) hydrogel was shown to effectively decrease lameness in horses. However, its mechanism of action and ability to lubricate cartilage is unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize the lubricating ability of this hydrogel and determine its efficacy for healthy and degraded cartilage. The study utilized previously established IL‐1β‐induced biochemical degradation and mechanical impact injury models to degrade cartilage. The lubricating ability of the hydrogel was then characterized using a custom‐built tribometer using a glass counterface and friction was evaluated using the Stribeck framework for articular cartilage. pAAm hydrogel was shown to significantly lower the friction coefficient of cartilage explants from both degradation models (30%–40% reduction in friction relative to controls). A striking finding from this study was the aggregation of the pAAm hydrogel at the articulating surface. The surface aggregation was observed in the histological sections of explants from all treatment groups after tribological evaluation. Using the Stribeck framework, the hydrogel was mapped to higher Sommerfeld numbers and was characterized as a viscous lubricant predominantly in the minimum friction mode. In summary, this study revealed that pAAm hydrogel lubricates native and degraded cartilage explants effectively and may have an affinity for the articulating surface of the cartilage.
Probiotic treatment vs empiric oral antibiotics for managing dysbiosis in short bowel syndrome: Impact on the mucosal and stool microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, and adaptation
Authors: Pauline Mirielle , Fouhse Janelle , Hinchliffe Tierah , Wizzard Pamela , Nation Patrick , Huynh Hien , Wales Paul , Willing Benjamin , Turner Justine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants and children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are presumed to be at risk of gut microbial dysbiosis with potential sequelae of bacterial overgrowth that include sepsis, d‐lactic acidosis, mucosal inflammation, and malabsorption. In neonatal piglets with SBS, we compared intestinal microbial composition, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and adaptation given probiotic (PRO) treatment (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp) vs oral metronidazole (MET).MethodsFollowing 75% distal small intestinal resection, piglets were allocated to PRO (500 mg twice a day, n = 7), MET (15 mg/kg twice a day, n = 8), and placebo (PLA) (500 mg twice a day, n = 8). After 10 days of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing (colon tissue and stool) was undertaken and SCFA analysis (stool and colon effluent) was performed using gas chromatography.ResultsIn colon, Shannon diversity was higher for PRO compared with MET and PLA (P = 0.002). PRO and PLA increased abundance of Bacteroidetes species (eg, Bacteroides fragilis) compared with MET (P < 0.001). PRO, compared with PLA, increased abundance of Firmicutes species (eg, Lactobacillus fermentum) (P < 0.001). MET increased abundance of Proteobacteria members, predominately Enterobacteriaceae, compared with PRO (P = 0.004). In stool, microbial findings were similar and SCFA (butyrate) concentrations were highest for PRO (P = 0.003) compared with MET.ConclusionIn pediatric SBS, the empiric use of oral antibiotics, such as MET, is common for presumed clinical consequences of microbial dysbiosis. In this study of SBS piglets, that approach was associated with decreased microbial diversity and increased abundance of potentially inflammatory Proteobacteria. In contrast, a PRO treatment using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp increased both diversity and SCFAs.
Serum micronutrient levels in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Gundogan Kursat , Yucesoy Faruk S. , Ozer Nurhayat T. , Temel Sahin , Sahin Serap , Sahin Gulsah G. , Sungur Murat , Esmaoglu Aliye , Talih Tutkun , Yazici Cevat , Griffith Daniel P. , Ziegler Thomas R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may deplete micronutrient levels. Patients are also at risk for micronutrient depletion due to underlying illness(s), poor nutrient intake prior to intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or increased requirements. We determined vitamin and trace element status before, during and after CRRT in critically ill patients.MethodsThis prospective observational study performed in mixed medical and surgical ICU patients. Serial serum vitamin B6 and vitamin C concentrations were measured by HPLC and folic acid by ECLIA. Serum chromium, copper, selenium, and zinc were measured using ICP‐MS. Serum ceruloplasmin was measured by the Erel method.ResultsFifty adult ICU patients with AKI were recruited. The median APACHE II score on ICU admission was high at 24.0 (6.0‐33.0). The median days on CRRT was 2.0 (2.0‐4.0) days. At baseline (within 10‐15 minutes of CRRT initiation), serum vitamin C, selenium and zinc were below normal. Serum vitamin B6 levels at 72 hours on CRRT were significantly lower than at 24 hours (p = 0.011). Serum vitamin C values fell significantly at 24 and 72 hours during CRRT (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001), respectively, and remained low 24 and 48 hours after CRRT was stopped (p = 0.021). At baseline and during CRRT, 96% of participants had at least two or more micronutrient levels below the normal range.ConclusionSerum vitamin C, selenium and zinc concentrations were below the normal range at baseline. CRRT was associated with a significant further decrease in levels of vitamin C, selenium and zinc.
Flexible microsphere‐coupled surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (McSERS) by dielectric microsphere cavity array with random plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Yan Yinzhou , Mi Yanlin , Jiang Yijian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for nondestructive and ultrasensitive optical trace‐detection. However, the sophisticated fabrication processes and performance degradation on flexible substrates block SERS for practical uses. Here, we report a facile flexible microsphere‐coupled SERS (McSERS) substrate composed of a dielectric microsphere cavity array (MCA) and random gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capping on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film (MCA/AuNPs/PDMS) for giant Raman enhancement. The random distribution of AuNPs provides a hydrophilic surface against to the coffee‐ring effect for uniform localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response. The MCA capped on the AuNPs boosts the Raman intensity via the multiple optical manipulation processes, in which the photonic nanojet (PNJ) confines the excitation intensity near the AuNPs, whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) facilitates the energy transfer from microsphere cavities to AuNP gaps for LSPR boosting, and directional antenna effect converts near‐field Raman signals into far‐field with a small divergence. Therefore, the Raman scattering is dramatically improved with the enhancement factor (EF) to 107 for the limit of detection (LoD) of 4‐nitrobenzenethiol (4‐NBT) molecules down to 0.1 nM, two orders of magnitude higher via MCA coupling. Moreover, the flexible McSERS substrate exhibits outstanding durability and compatibility as an ultrasensitive Raman test strip, by which the thiram concentration is detectable down to 2.42 ng/cm2 on apple peels. The present work provides a facile strategy to fabricate SERS substrates with high flexibility for optical trace‐detection in real‐world applications.
Sinonasal inverted papilloma – malignant transformation and non‐sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Viitasalo Sanna , Ilmarinen Taru , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija , Hagström Jaana , Hytönen Maija , Hammarén‐Malmi Sari , Pietarinen Petra , Järvenpää Pia , Kinnari Teemu , Geneid Ahmed , Lilja Markus 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo assess malignant transformation rate, non‐sinonasal malignancies, and factors contributing to recurrence in patients treated for sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP).Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients treated for SNIP (n = 296) between the years 1984–2014 at Helsinki University Hospital. Data from the Finnish Cancer Registry confirmed the number of those patients with sinonasal and non‐sinonasal malignancies.ResultsOnly 2 of 296 (0.7%) patients primarily diagnosed with benign SNIP developed sinonasal cancer in a mean follow‐up of 5.8 years. The most common non‐sinonasal cancer sites were similar to those reported for the whole Finnish population. None of the patients presented with an HPV‐associated non‐sinonasal malignancy. The recurrence rate among patients who underwent attachment‐oriented surgery was significantly lower compared to those operated on with other approaches (40.2% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.006). Dysplasia in SNIP was associated with a higher recurrence rate (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMalignant transformation of SNIP was rare. Patients with SNIP were not prone to HPV‐associated non‐sinonasal malignancies. Endoscopic resection and attachment‐oriented surgery have become predominant approaches in the treatment of SNIP; meanwhile, the total number of SNIP recurrences has decreased.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:506–511, 2023
4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Yasir , Arif Zia Ullah , Ahmed Waqas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D‐printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape‐memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real‐world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.
The Contribution of Noradrenergic Activity to Anxiety‐Induced Freezing of Gait
Authors: Taylor Natasha L. , Wainstein Gabriel , Quek Dione , Lewis Simon J.G. , Shine James M. , Ehgoetz Martens Kaylena A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFreezing of gait is a complex paroxysmal phenomenon that is associated with a variety of sensorimotor, cognitive and affective deficits, and significantly impacts quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite a growing body of evidence that suggests anxiety may be a crucial contributor to freezing of gait, no research study to date has investigated neural underpinnings of anxiety‐induced freezing of gait.ObjectiveHere, we aimed to investigate how anxiety‐inducing contexts might “set the stage for freezing,” through the ascending arousal system, by examining an anxiety‐inducing virtual reality gait paradigm inside functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsWe used a virtual reality gait paradigm that has been validated to elicit anxiety by having participants navigate a virtual plank, while simultaneously collecting task‐based fMRI from individuals with idiopathic PD with confirmed freezing of gait.ResultsFirst, we established that the threatening condition provoked more freezing when compared to the non‐threatening condition. By using a dynamic connectivity analysis, we identified patterns of increased “cross‐talk” within and between motor, limbic, and cognitive networks in the threatening conditions. We established that the threatening condition was associated with heightened network integration. We confirmed the sympathetic nature of this phenomenon by demonstrating an increase in pupil dilation during the anxiety‐inducing condition of the virtual reality gait paradigm in a secondary experiment.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings represent a neurobiological mechanistic pathway through which heightened sympathetic arousal related to anxiety could foster increased “cross‐talk” between distributed cortical networks that ultimately manifest as paroxysmal episodes of freezing of gait. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Augmented reality surgical navigation system based on the spatial drift compensation method for glioma resection surgery
Authors: Zhou Zeyang , Yang Zhiyong , Jiang Shan , Zhuo Jie , Zhu Tao , Ma Shixing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of patients who suffer from glioma has been increasing, and this malignancy is a serious threat to human health. The mainstream treatment for glioma is surgical resection; therefore, accurate resection can improve postoperative patient recovery.PurposeMany studies have investigated surgical navigation guided by mixed reality, with good outcomes. However, the limitations of mixed reality, such as spatial drift caused by environmental changes, limit its clinical application. Therefore, we present a mixed reality surgical navigation system for glioma resection. Preoperative information can be fused precisely with the real patient with the spatial compensation method to achieve clinically suitable accuracy.MethodsA head‐mounted device was used to display virtual information, and a markerless spatial registration method was applied to precisely align the virtual anatomy with the real patient preoperatively. High‐accuracy preoperative and intraoperative movement and spatial drift compensation methods were used to increase the positional accuracy of the mixed reality‐guided glioma resection system when the patient's head is fixed to the bed frame. Several experiments were designed to validate the accuracy and efficacy of this system.ResultsPhantom experiments were performed to test the efficacy and accuracy of this system under ideal conditions, and clinical tests were conducted to assess the performance of this system in clinical application. The accuracy of spatial registration was 1.18 mm in the phantom experiments and 1.86 mm in the clinical application.ConclusionsHerein, we present a mixed reality‐based multimodality‐fused surgical navigation system for assisting surgeons in intuitively identifying the glioma boundary intraoperatively. The experimental results indicate that this system has suitable accuracy and efficacy for clinical usage.
General orientation transform for the estimation of fiber orientations in white matter tissues
Authors: Shi Diwei , Li Sisi , Chen Li , Li Xuesong , Guo Hua , Zheng Quanshui 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe orientation distribution function (ODF), which is obtained from the radial integral of the probability density function weighted by ( is the radial length), has been used to estimate fiber orientations of white matter tissues. Currently, there is no general expression of the ODF that is suitable for any n value in the HARDI methods.Theory and methodsA novel methodology is proposed to calculate the ODF for any through the Taylor series expansion and a generalized expression for is provided. Then a series of single‐shell HARDI methods, termed the general orientation transform (GOT), is developed based on the obtained expression. By combining complementary GOTs, a composite estimator is obtained and further optimized via constrained optimization to take full advantage of individual merits. The final optimized HARDI method is termed the combined GOT with constrained optimization (coGOT). The proposed method is compared with other commonly used HARDI methods on the simulated data, the physical phantom data, the ISMRM 2015 Tractography challenge data, and in vivo HCP datasets.ResultscoGOT can resolve crossing fibers with higher resolution, performs better robustness, generates fewer spurious lobes in glyphs, and thus provides distinct improvement in the tractography. The evaluations show coGOT's superior capability in reconstructing the fiber orientations from dMRI signals.ConclusionsGeneralization of the ODF allows us to obtain a wide range of HARDI estimators to select suitable candidates for composite formulation. The optimized estimator coGOT has great potential for studying neural architecture and serving as fiber tracking tools.
Direct functionalization of cell‐adhesion promoters to hydrogel microparticles synthesized by stop‐flow lithography
Authors: Jang Wookyoung , Kim Do Yeon , Mun Seok Joon , Choi Jun Hee , Roh Yoon Ho , Bong Ki Wan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel microparticles generated via stop‐flow lithography can be utilized for efficient microparticle‐based cell culture processes because of their high biocompatibility, the molecular diffusion capability in the gel structure, and the tunability of their shape and size. However, the typical functionalization process of PEG microparticles with cell‐adhesion promoters has inevitable limitations, requiring additional linker molecules and the preconjugation of linkers to cell‐adhesion promoters and microparticles. In this study, a simple and direct cell‐adhesion promoter functionalization process of the PEG microparticles is presented by use of aza‐Michael reaction between remnant unreacted acrylate groups in particles and amine groups in cell‐adhesion promoters. On the basis of proposed process, particles are directly conjugated with poly‐l‐lysine (PLL), a typical cell‐adhesion promoter that can electrostatically interact with cellular membranes, in a controllable manner. We demonstrate enhanced cell‐adhesion capabilities of the particles along with the increased amount of conjugated PLL in the particles. Furthermore, to validate extended applicability, the particles are directly conjugated with Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (GRGDS) peptides, in which RGD sequence is involved in the cell‐adhesion behavior of extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. The introduced GRGDS peptides increase the cell‐adhesion capacity of the microparticles binding to integrin proteins in cellular membranes.
Effects of thermosyphons on the thermal regime and stability of cast‐in‐place piles in permafrost regions on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: You Yanhui , Yu Qihao , Wang Xinbin , Guo Lei , Chen Kun , Wu Qingbai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe thermal effects of cast‐in‐place piles on the surrounding permafrost frequently induce deformation or failure of piles in permafrost regions. Because piles are directly inserted into the permafrost layer, the thermal disturbance of the piles is more straightforward than that of road embankments to the permafrost. Thermosyphons have proven to be effective in stabilizing the embankments of highways and railways in permafrost regions. However, the effects of thermosyphons on the thermal regime and stability of the cast‐in‐place piles remain unclear. The foundation soils of most piles in permafrost regions along the Qinghai‐Tibet Power Transmission Line were cooled by thermosyphons, and the results of a 7‐year‐period monitoring of ground temperature and deformation of a pile are presented in this paper. The results showed that the extent of thawed permafrost during the installation of the pile extended more than 5 m away from the pile. Thermosyphons shortened the refreezing time by more than 2 months. Thermosyphons cooled the surrounding permafrost to temperatures below the ambient ground temperature at the end of the cold seasons, and the temperature difference lasted until the end of the warm seasons owing to cold reserves formed in the cold season. The thermosyphons mitigated the thermal effects of the concrete pile owing to their higher thermal conductivity. Thermosyphons also significantly decreased the rate of active layer thickening around the pile compared to that observed in a natural field under a warming climate. Generally, thermosyphons stabilized the piles during the observation period by cooling the permafrost around the pile and producing a greater adfreeze force to counteract the frost heave force and subsequently support the tower. Additional thermosyphons or insulation measures may be necessary to ensure the long‐term stability of piles, considering a faster degradation of the ambient permafrost than expected. The results may provide insights into the design and maintenance of cast‐in‐place piles in warm permafrost regions.