bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giving birth in a pandemic: women’s birth experiences in England during COVID-19
Authors: Aydin Ezra , Glasgow Kevin A. , Weiss Staci M. , Khan Zahra , Austin Topun , Johnson Mark H. , Barlow Jane , Lloyd-Fox Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Expectant parents worldwide have experienced changes in the way they give birth as a result of COVID-19, including restrictions relating to access to birthing units and the presence of birthing partners during the birth, and changes to birth plans. This paper reports the experiences of women in England.

Methods
Data were obtained from both closed- and open-ended responses collected as part of the national COVID in Context of Pregnancy, Infancy and Parenting (CoCoPIP) Study online survey (n = 477 families) between 15th July 2020 – 29th March 2021. Frequency data are presented alongside the results of a sentiment analysis; the open-ended data was analysed thematically.

Results
Two-thirds of expectant women reported giving birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (66.1%) and a third via caesarean section (CS) (32.6%) or ‘other’ (1.3%). Just under half (49.7%) of the CS were reported to have been elective/planned, with 47.7% being emergencies. A third (37.4%) of participants reported having no changes to their birth (as set out in their birthing plan), with a further 25% reporting COVID-related changes, and 37.4% reporting non-COVID related changes (e.g., changes as a result of birthing complications). One quarter of the sample reported COVID-related changes to their birth plan, including limited birthing options and reduced feelings of control; difficulties accessing pain-relief and assistance, and feelings of distress and anxiety. Under half of the respondents reported not knowing whether there could be someone present at the birth (44.8%), with 2.3% of respondents reporting no birthing partner being present due to COVID-related restrictions. Parental experiences of communication and advice provided by the hospital prior to delivery were mixed, with significant stress and anxiety being reported in relation to both the fluctuating guidance and lack of certainty regarding the presence of birthing partners at the birth. The sentiment analysis revealed that participant experiences of giving birth during the pandemic were predominately negative (46.9%) particularly in relation to the first national lockdown, with a smaller proportion of positive (33.2%) and neutral responses (19.9%).

Conclusion
The proportion of parents reporting birthing interventions (i.e., emergency CS) was higher than previously reported, as were uncertainties related to the birth, and poor communication, leading to increased feelings of anxiety and high levels of negative emotions. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Pregnancy maternal fetal outcomes among pregnancies complicated with atrioventricular block
Authors: Wang Kana , Xin Junguo , Huang Guiqiong , Wang Xiaodong , Yu Haiyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrioventricular block (AVB) during pregnancy is rare. Case study for pregnancy with AVB have been reported but a consensus guideline for peripartum management has not been established. This study aimed to investigate cardiac and obstetric complications and outcomes in our pregnant women with AVB and share our management experience.

Methods
This was a retrospective study. We reviewed a total of 74 pregnant women with AVB who delivered at our tertiary care center in the past 10 years. The patients were categorized into four groups according to the degree of block. The data were analyzed and compared among the four groups of patients.

Results
Regarding the cardiac complications, the cardiac function level showed significant difference among patient groups. The higher NYHA class were observed in patients with higher degree AVB. Pacemaker was placed before delivery in 32/33 patients with III° AVB, 8/25 patients with II° AVB, and 0/16 patient with I° AVB. Other types of arrhythmias except AVB were present in all groups of patients but more frequently observed in type I patients with II° AVB. No other heart abnormalities were observed among the patient groups. Obstetric complications were found in 21 women (28.4%), including premature labor, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, etc. The incidence rate of fetal cardiac abnormalities was 6.58%. But no statistical difference was detected among four groups of patients for fetal and maternal complications and fetal cardiac abnormalities (P>0.05). Caesarean section was performed more in patients with high-degree AVB than in patients with low-degree AVB. No maternal or neonatal death in our cases.

Conclusions
Most women with AVB could achieve successful pregnancy and delivery. Patients with II° AVB type II and III° AVB should be monitored vigilantly during pregnancy and post-partum. Temporary pacing before delivery appeared to be beneficial for women with III°AVB, and accurate diagnosis and care by a multidisciplinary team was recommended.
The efficacy of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy among women in malaria-endemic countries
Authors: Bauserman Melissa , Leuba Sequoia I. , Hemingway-Foday Jennifer , Nolen Tracy L. , Moore Janet , McClure Elizabeth M. , Lokangaka Adrien , Tsehfu Antoinette , Patterson Jackie , Liechty Edward A. , Esamai Fabian , Carlo Waldemar A. , Chomba Elwyn , Goldenberg Robert L. , Saleem Sarah , Jessani Saleem , Koso-Thomas Marion , Hoffman Matthew , Derman Richard J. , Meshnick Steven R. , Bose Carl L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Low dose aspirin (LDA) is an effective strategy to reduce preterm birth. However, LDA might have differential effects globally, based on the etiology of preterm birth. In some regions, malaria in pregnancy could be an important modifier of LDA on birth outcomes and anemia.

Methods
This is a sub-study of the ASPIRIN trial, a multi-national, randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating LDA effect on preterm birth. We enrolled a convenience sample of women in the ASPIRIN trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and Zambia. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect malaria. We calculated crude prevalence proportion ratios (PRs) for LDA by malaria for outcomes, and regression modelling to evaluate effect measure modification. We evaluated hemoglobin in late pregnancy based on malaria infection in early pregnancy.

Results
One thousand four hundred forty-six women were analyzed, with a malaria prevalence of 63% in the DRC site, 38% in the Kenya site, and 6% in the Zambia site. Preterm birth occurred in 83 (LDA) and 90 (placebo) women, (PR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70, 1.22), without interaction between LDA and malaria (p = 0.75). Perinatal mortality occurred in 41 (LDA) and 43 (placebo) pregnancies, (PR 0.95, 95% CI 0.63, 1.44), with an interaction between malaria and LDA (p = 0.014). Hemoglobin was similar by malaria and LDA status.

Conclusions
Malaria in early pregnancy did not modify the effects of LDA on preterm birth, but modified the effect of LDA on perinatal mortality. This effect measure modification deserves continued study as LDA is used in malaria endemic regions.
Study on the correlation between homocysteine-related dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus:a reduced-rank regression analysis study
Authors: Liu Yu-hong , Lu Ling-peng , Yi Min-hui , Shen Chun-yan , Lu Gu-qin , Jia Jie , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between homocysteine-related dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods
A total of 488 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation between January 2019 and December 2020 were included. Demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and multivitamin supplement intake information were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); fasting venous blood samples were collected for serum index detection. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), folic acid, and B12 were selected as response variables, and hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy)-related dietary patterns were extracted using the reduced rank regression.. The relationship between the score of hHcy-related dietary patterns and GDM was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
Three hHcy-related dietary patterns were extracted. Only mode 2 had a positive and significant relationship with the risk of developing GDM. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of GDM was significantly increased in the highest quartile array compared with the lowest quartile of the pattern (OR = 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.939–9.356, P = 0.004). There was no significant correlation between dietary pattern 1 and GDM risk (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Homocysteine-related dietary patterns were positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Adjusting dietary patterns may contribute to the intervention and prevention of GDM.
LINC00511 enhances LUAD malignancy by upregulating GCNT3 via miR-195-5p
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Xiao Ping , Hu Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that LINC00511 acts as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Hence, we attempted to elucidate the potential role of LINC00511 in LUAD.

Methods
LINC00511, miR-195-5p, and GCNT3 expression in LUAD was detected by qRT-PCR. Changes in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells after abnormal regulation of LINC00511, miR-195-5p, or GCNT3 were detected by CCK-8, BrdU, wound healing, and transwell assays. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was measured by western blotting. Additionally, we identified the targeting effects of LINC00511, miR-195-5p, and GCNT3 using luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.

Results
LINC00511 and GCNT3 were found to be upregulated in LUAD, while miR-195-5p was downregulated. Silencing LINC00511 or GCNT3 decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion, and Bcl-2 protein content in LUAD cells and increased the expression of Bax. Interference with miR-195-5p promoted malignant proliferation of cancer cells. miR-195-5p expression was affected by LINC00511and targeted GCNT3.

Conclusion
Silencing LINC00511 promotes GCNT3 expression by inhibiting miR-195-5p and ultimately stimulates the malignant progression of LUAD.
Assessment of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients - a pilot study
Authors: Ayyagari Vijayalakshmi , Li Maio , Pasman Zvi , Wang Xinjia , Louis Somaja , Diaz-Sylvester Paula , Groesch Kathleen , Wilson Teresa , Brard Laurent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) and ACAT1-mediated cholesterol esterified with fatty acids (CE) contribute to cancer progression in various cancers. Our findings of increased CE and ACAT1 levels in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines prompted us to investigate whether such an increase occurs in primary clinical samples obtained from human subjects diagnosed with EOC. We evaluated the diagnostic/prognostic potential of ACAT1 and CE in EOC by: 1) assessing ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and ovarian/tumor tissues; 2) assessing diagnostic performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis; and 3) comparing expression of ACAT1 and CE with that of tumor proliferation marker, Ki67.

Methods
ACAT1 protein levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tissue were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of ACAT1 and Ki67 proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA transcript levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CE levels were assessed in plasma, peritoneal fluid (colorimetric assay) and in tissue (thin layer chromatography).

Results
Preoperative levels of ACAT1 and CE on the day of surgery were significantly higher in tissue and peritoneal fluid from EOC patients vs. the non-malignant group, which included subjects with benign tumors and normal ovaries; however, no significant differences were observed in plasma. In tissue and peritoneal fluid, positive correlations were observed between CE and ACAT1 levels, as well as between ACAT1/CE and Ki67.

Conclusions
ACAT1 and CE accumulation may be linked to the aggressive potential of EOC; therefore, these mediators may be useful biomarkers for EOC prognosis and target-specific treatments.
Customer support for nudge strategies to promote fruit and vegetable intake in a university food service
Authors: Yi Sunghwan , Kanetkar Vinay , Brauer Paula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiverse nudges, also known as choice architectural techniques, have been found to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) selection in both lab and field studies. Such strategies are unlikely to be adopted in mass eating settings without clear evidence of customer support; confirmation in specific contexts is needed. Inspired by the Taxonomy of Choice Architecture, we assessed support for eight types of nudging to increase the choice of FV-rich foods in a university food service. We also explored whether and to what extent nudge support was associated with perceived effectiveness and intrusiveness.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with students who used on-campus cafeterias. Multiple recruitment methods were used. Participants were given 20 specific scenarios for increasing FV selection and asked about their personal support for each nudge, as well as perceived intrusiveness and effectiveness. General beliefs about healthy eating and nudging were also measured. Results were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA for the 8 nudge types.ResultsAll nudge scenarios achieved overall favourable ratings, with significant differences among different types of nudging by the 298 respondents. Changing range of options (type B3) and changing option-related consequences (type B4) received the highest support, followed by changing option-related effort (type B2) and making information visible (type A2). Translating information (type A1), changing defaults (type B1) and providing reminders or facilitating commitment (type C) were less popular types of nudging. Providing social reference points (type A3) was least supported. Support for nudge types was positively associated with the belief that food services have a role in promoting healthy eating, perceived importance of FV intake, trustworthiness of the choice architect and female gender. Lastly, support for all types of nudges was positively predicted by perceived effectiveness of each nudge and negatively predicted by perceived intrusiveness above and beyond the contribution of general beliefs about healthy eating and nudging.ConclusionsFindings from the current study indicate significant differences in support for nudge techniques intended to increase FV selection among university cafeteria users. These findings offer practical implications for food service operators as well as public health researchers.
Identifying the non-governmental organizations' activities and challenges in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Sayarifard Azadeh , Nazari Maryam , Rajabi Fatemeh , Ghadirian Laleh , Sajadi Haniye Sadat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic have been to such an extent that to shape an effective, collective response, governments need the participation of society and the cooperation of a wide range of civil society organizations and institutions. The objective of this study was to identify the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in response to the covid-19 pandemic in Iran and the challenges they confronted.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative analysis based on twenty-two individual, virtual, and semi-structured interviews. Interviewees were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. All interviews were performed with active health-related NGO representatives willing to participate in the study and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The activities and challenges raised by NGO representatives were identified in 6 main categories, including the need for the participation of NGOs in the fight against pandemics, response to the COVID-19 crisis in the society, challenges in providing services to the target group in the COVID-19 crisis, NGOs challenges in interacting with governmental and non-governmental institutions, information sources used by NGOs in the COVID-19 crisis and strategies to support NGOs in their efforts.

Conclusion
Considering the crucial challenges for their participation, such as the NGO access to the target groups, lack of communication network, and constructive interaction between government institutions and the NGOs, it is recommended to increase the capacity of these institutions and intervene to establish a constructive and long-term relationship with the government.
Obesogenic environments and cardiovascular disease: a path analysis using US nationally representative data
Authors: Guo Fangqi , Bostean Georgiana , Berardi Vincent , Velasquez Alfredo J. , Robinette Jennifer W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
People living in obesogenic environments, with limited access to healthful food outlets and exercise facilities, generally have poor health. Previous research suggests that behavioral risk factors and indicators of physiological functioning may mediate this link; however, no studies to date have had the requisite data to investigate multi-level behavioral and physiological risk factors simultaneously. The present study conducted serial and parallel mediation analyses to examine behavioral and physiological pathways explaining the association between environmental obesogenicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2012–2016 Health and Retirement Study, a representative survey of US older adults (n = 12,482, mean age 65.9). Environmental obesogenicity was operationalized as a combined score consisting of nine environmental measures of food and physical activity. CVD and health-compromising behaviors (diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, and exercise) were self-reported. Physiological dysregulation was assessed with measured blood pressure, heart rate, HbA1c, cholesterol levels, BMI, and C-reactive protein. The Hayes Process Macro was used to examine serial and parallel paths through health-compromising behaviors and physiological dysregulation in the environmental obesogenicity-CVD link.

Results
People living in more obesogenic environments had greater odds of self-reported CVD (odds ratio = 1.074, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.122), engaged in more health-compromising behaviors (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.044), and had greater physiological dysregulation (β = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.054). Combined, health-compromising behaviors and physiological dysregulation accounted for 7% of the total effects of environmental obesogenicity on CVD.

Conclusion
Behavioral and physiological pathways partially explain the environmental obesogenicity-CVD association. Obesogenic environments may stymie the success of cardiovascular health-promotion programs by reducing access to resources supporting healthy lifestyles.
Intersections between disability, masculinities, and violence: experiences and insights from men with physical disabilities from three African countries
Authors: Sikweyiya Yandisa , Stern Erin , Hanass-Hancock Jill , van der Heijden Ingrid , Myrttinen Henri , Addo-Lartey Adolphina Addoley , Dunkle Kristin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGender-transformative work in the Global South often focuses on transforming ‘toxic masculinities’ to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV), but there has been little research on whether and how constructions of masculinities by men with disabilities shape their experiences and perpetration of violence.MethodsWe used repeated in-depth interviews and content analysis to understand whether and how physical disability intersects with the construction of masculinities and experience/perpetration of violence among 15 adult men with physical disabilities participating in interventions to prevent IPV in Ghana, Rwanda, and South Africa.ResultsSocietal expectations and participants’ aspirations around masculinity impacted their vulnerability to violence mainly by men without disabilities. Participants reported experiences of disrespect and social exclusion in their communities and felt incapable of protecting themselves when being violated. Most participants felt they were not providing for their families and perceived themselves as having lost decision-making and positions of power in their homes. They expressed their disappointment with having reduced stamina, virility, and sexual prowess in intimate partnerships as a result of their disability. While participants reported that they could not attain key markers of idealized masculinity, placed upon and often internalized by themselves, they longed to achieve these markers to facilitate their inclusion and acceptance in their communities.ConclusionsProgrammers addressing violence need to engage with men with physical disabilities and consider the intersectionality of masculinities and disability, how these reinforce patriarchal norms and how men with disabilities can be included and enabled to overcome their conflict between disability and masculinities.
Lifestyle as well as metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Xiaojuan , Li Juan , Zhao Hailiang , Lai Junlong , Lin Junqin , Tang Shaohui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims
Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that NAFLD is pathologically associated with a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits and metabolic syndrome. An umbrella review of meta-analyses was performed to summarize the quality of evidence regarding the epidemiologic associations between lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in regards to risk and treatment.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase Database from inception until June 1, 2021. Meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the associations of lifestyle as well as metabolic syndrome with NAFLD risk or treatment were screened. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their P values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, and small-study effects. For meta-analyses of RCTs, outcomes with a random-effect P < 0.005 and a high-GRADE assessment were classified as strong evidence.

Results
A total of 37 publications were included in this review: twenty-two publications reporting 41 meta-analyses of observational studies (37 unique outcomes) and 15 publications reporting 81 meta-analyses of RCTs (63 unique outcomes) met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was high for 97% of the included meta-analyses. Quality of evidence was rated high only for the association of sugar-sweetened soda consumption with increased NAFLD risk in meta-analyses of observational studies. Only 3 therapeutic interventions (green tea improving ALT, TG, TC and LDL, omega-3 PUFAs improving HOMR-IR and plasma glucose, and exercise improving RT and ALT) from meta -analyses of RCTs with suggestive (change to high/low/etc) levels of evidence were identified.

Conclusion
Despite many meta-analyses exploring the associations of lifestyle as well as metabolic syndrome with the risk or treatment of NAFLD, robust clinical RCTs are needed to further investigate the associations between lifestyle modifications and incidence of NAFLD or therapeutic effects on disease progression.