bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Patients with Behcet's Disease: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Fani Mohammad Mehdi , Aflaki Elham , Ebrahimi Hooman , Safari Anahita , Ghanizadeh Sina , Ranjbar Maryam , Manafi Alireza , Borhanihaghighi Afshin 
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was designed to determine and compare the stress, anxiety and depression levels in Behcetâ€™s disease (BD) patients and a control group of normal individuals.
Materials and Methods: One-hundred and six patients with BD were selected as cases and controls were 106 age- and sex-matched participants referred to the Shiraz Dental school clinics due to dental problems. We collected the information with 3 validated Farsi questionnaires: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for stress, Beck Anxiety Index (BDI) for depression and Beck Depression Index (BAI) for anxiety.
Results: Stress, depression and anxiety levels were significantly higher in patients with BD in comparison with the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusions: A high level of stress and depression in BD patients is frequent and PSS, BDI and BAI are useful for determining these variations. Finally, we suggest a psychiatrist consultation in all periods of disease treatment.
Comparison of Prognosis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and its Correlation with the Model for the End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh Scores in Patients with Esophageal or Gastric Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Pashai Seyedeh Masoumeh , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Sheikhian Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2022

Background
Variceal bleeding is one of the most serious complications of cirrhosis. Up to now different methods are created for predicting the complications and mortality of cirrhosis. Child- Pugh score and MELD score are two methods for this use. In this study we investigated and compared survival prognosis of cirrhotic patients by the Child-Pugh or MELD score in two groups of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding.
Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional trial, patients with upper GI bleeding were followed up for a 6 months period. The source of hemorrhage was determined by endoscopy, then patients distributed in two groups of esophageal and gastric variceal hemorrhage. Finally we investigated and compared the relationship between the variables and mortality rates in these two groups by means of the Child-Pugh and the MELDÂ scores. The Student's t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic were used for statistical analysis.
Results
34 patients (12 with gastric varices, 22 with esophageal varices) were investigated. No significant difference between these two groups was observed. In this study mean MELD score was 16.67Â±8.75 and mean Child-Pugh score was 9.37Â±2.54. Eight patients (5 with gastric varices and 3 with esophageal varices) expired before 6 weeks and 2 patients (one four each group) expired after 6 weeks. The best cut-off points are 15.5 and 10.5 for MELD and Child-Pugh scores respectively (sensitivity and specificity are 0.75 and 0.98, respectively for both scores).
Conclusion
Sensitivity and specificity of both scores were the same in prediction of mortality. However, the chance ratio defined that Child-Pugh score was a better predictor of mortality than MELD score, since the chance of death will increase 2.51 and 1.62 fold per each unit increase in the Child-Pugh and the MELD scores, respectively. However, no significant difference found between Child-Pugh and MELD score between two groups of patients.
The Effect of Family-Based Empowerment Program on the Weight and Length of Hospital Stay of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Beheshtipoor Noushin , Shaker Zohreh , Edraki Mitra , Razavi Mostajab , Zare Najaf 
Published: January 2022

Background: Preterm infants need to be hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and receive specific systematic care in order to survive. Nonetheless, long hospital stay leads to parentsâ€™ separation from the infant and disturbance in the family life. It also has many undesirable effects on the infant. The present study aimed to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment program on the weight and duration of hospital stay of the infants in NICU.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 100 mothers with preterm infants hospitalized in NICU were divided into an intervention and a control groups. The mothers in the empowerment group took part in a multi-stage training program and received the necessary information regarding preterm infants and how to cooperate in taking care of them through face-to-face training, working at the bedside, educational film, and illustrated booklet. Then, the weight of the infants in the two groups and duration of hospital stay were compared.
Results: The mean length of hospital stay was 10.5Â±7.7 and 17.4Â±11.2 days in the intervention and the control group, respectively, and the results of independent T-test showed that the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The mean of weight changes was -42.4Â±172.9 grams in the control group and -22.6Â±162.0 grams in the intervention group; no significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.556).
Conclusion: The family-centered empowerment program in the NICU significantly reduced the infantsâ€™ length of hospital stay, but had no effects on their weights.
Interleukin-4 mRNA Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with or without Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Amirazodi Esmael , Razmkhah Mahboobeh , Jaberipour Mansoureh , Hosseini Ahmad , Khademi Bijan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Interleukin (IL)-4 is a member of T helper 2 (Th2) axis produced by T-lymphocyte and mast cell. It has been shown that IL-4 expression changes in tumor tissues. The main objective of this study is to investigate the expression of IL-4 mRNA in patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) with or without lymph node involvement.
Materials and Methods: mRNA expression of IL-4 in LSCC tissues were detected by quantative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression of IL-4 gene was compared between lymph node positive and negative patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Larynx.
Results: No statistically significant association was found in expression of IL-4 between lymph node positive and negative patients.
Conclusion: It seems that IL-4 has no important effect on the involvement of lymph node in LSCC. However, to achieve a definite conclusion more investigations are certainly required.
Panoramic Radiography: A Tool for Evaluation of Orthodontic Patients' Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Relations
Authors: Saki Maryam , Oshagh Morteza , Shahidi Shoaleh , Zarif Najafi Hooman 
Published: January 2022

Background: Malocclusion, as a worldwide issue, can cause a lot of problems for patients. Panoramic (PR) and lateral cephalometric (LCR) radiographs are both usually indicated for orthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to analyze vertical and sagittal parameters of both jaws on PRs and to compare them on LCRs.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 61 samples from all patients referring to the Department of Orthodontics of Shiraz Dental School were selected by simple randomized sampling method, meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Correlations between variables on PRs and LCRs were assessed.
Results: Vertical angular variables on PR such as H-line/Lower1-Lower6 and Condylar plane/Corpus line were related to some vertical variables on LCR including Anterior nasal spine(ANS)-Menton(Me), Orbitale-Me, ANS-Posterior nasal spine (PNS)/Gonion (Go)-Me, Frankfort Horizontal (FH)/ANS-PNS, Gonial angle, Go-Gnathion (Gn)/Sella-Nasion and FH/Occlusal plane (PË‚0.05).
Sagittal variables of maxilla on PR such as Pterygomaxillare (Pm)-Pm, Pm-Ht, Pm-Ht-Pm, and ANS-Pm were related to sagittal variables of maxilla on LCR including Maxillary length, Sella/Nasion/Point A, Point A/Nasion/Point B (PË‚0.05).
Â Conclusion: Our results revealed that PRs can provide information on vertical and sagittal dimensions of both jaws. This may help choosing a proper imaging protocol for the patients.
GMJ Adopts New Copyright Policy and Provides Language Services for the Authors
Authors: Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil 
Published: January 2022

After having a discussion on copyright rights and the rules in Galen medical journal, the Editorial board of GMJ decided that a small medical journal has no need to hold the copyright, though transferring the copyright to the publisher is still a common inquiry in many journals. GMJ wants nothing more than being able to publish articles at first and nothing more. In this regard, the GMJ has changed its copyright policy. We believe this alteration is more author-friendly and could result in further dissemination of knowledge in part, because it lets readers to freely explore within the published papers and data.
From January 2013, authors will retain the copyright and will only be asked to grant us the right to be the first to publish their article. The new copyright policy is as follows; these are now included in our Instructions for Authors:
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Authors who publish with The GMJ agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant The GMJ the exclusive license and right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which allows the work to be freely used, distributed, and built upon for non-commercial reasons, as long as proper attribution to the work's authorship and initial publication in the GMJ is given.
b. Authors are permitted to distribute the GMJ's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the GMJ.
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Language services for the authors
Since we have had many linguistic problems with the articles which are submitted by many of our authors, we decided to provide language services for instructing and editing of the papers submitted in the GMJ. In this regard, our language editors are prepared to give a hand to the submitters who are not able to provide a good and acceptable language editing for their manuscripts. Obviously this will cost the authors but we tried to have cost-benefit offers since our main goal is to improve the quality of our papers and shorten the peer review duration rather than the economical purposes. Authors can email their paperâ€™s editor and ask for the service and receive the forms for Language services including editing, translating, and scientific preparations.
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The Editorial Board has tried to make the policies and instructions for authors simple and clear and is looking forward to a better and more successful future, thanks to our authors, readers, and reviewers.
Clinical and Paraclinical Features of Wilsonâ€™s Disease in Children in Shiraz, Southern Iran
Authors: Erjaee Asma , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Haghighat Mahmood , Bajalli Zohre , Malekpour Abdorrasoul 
Published: January 2022

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive progressive degeneration of hepatolenticular tissue that causes the increase of copper deposition in the liver and other organs, with resultant hepatic, neurologic and psychological manifestations. WD is fatal if left untreated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical and Para-clinical findings in children with WD in Shiraz, Southern Iran.
Patients and Methods: The Medical records of all children less than 18 years of age with definite diagnosis of WD, who were admitted in Nemazee Teaching Hospital from 2001 to 2009, or were under follow up at the Pediatric Hepatology Clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were reviewed.
Results: Overall, 70 patients with WD (41 males, 29 females) were studied. The mean age at the onset of diagnosis was 10.3Â±3.2 years and the most common first presentation in our patients was hepatic (90%). The most common biochemical abnormalities were increased urinary copper content, increased liver enzymes (92.9%), and increased prothrombin time (71.4%). Wilson index was â‰¥11 in 44.3% of the patients.
Conclusion: WD is a rare and fascinating disorder that often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the physician. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is critical in diagnosing this readily treatable disease and early treatment can decrease its mortality rate.
Protective Role of Vitamin E on Methotrexate Induced Renal Injury in Rabbits
Authors: Taghizadieh Mohammad , Afshari Fatemeh , Shokri Nazila , Hajipour Babak 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely used as a treatment for malignancies as well as in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Nephrotoxicity is an important side-effect of this drug. Prevention and treatment of MTX-induced renal dysfunction are essential to prevent potentially life-threatening MTX-associated toxicities, Present study was undertaken to determine whether vitamin E could ameliorate methotrexate-induced oxidative renal injury in rabbit.
Â Materials and methods: Twenty eight rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups (n=7): Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (Received 20mg/kg MTX): Group 3 (Received MTX plus vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally), group 4: (vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally). On 6th day rabbits were anesthetized and renal tissue sampled for pathologic and biochemical assessment.
Â Results:Â Data showed that renal tissue injury index and malondialdehyde (MDA)level were lower in MTX+vitamin E group comparing to MTX group significantly (P<0.05). Renal tissue injury index and MDA were higher in MTX+vitamin E group comparing to control group significantly (P<0.05).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin E, by improving cellular anti-oxidant defense system, reduction in lipid peroxidation production and tissue damage, appears to have a protective role in the MTX-induced oxidative injury in renal tissue, however, further studies are essential to elucidate the exact mechanisms of MTX-induced renal toxicity, and protective effect of vitamin E.
Status Epilepticus in Adults: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Poursadeghfard Maryam , Hashemzehi Zabihollah , Ashjazadeh Nahid 
Published: January 2022

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common neurological emergencies with high mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine the most common causes and outcomes of SE in adult patients from Fars Province in southern Iran.
Materials and Methods: 134 patients with SE (either convulsive or non-convulsive), admitted to Namazi Hospital, were enrolled from January 2006 to February 2012. We designed a questionnaire to collect the patients' demographics and disease characteristics and their outcomes according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 15. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Seventy patients were female and 64 were male with mean age of 42.97Â±19.66 years and 39.42Â±18.89 years old, respectively. Sixty-two patients (46.26%) had a history of epilepsy, and 72 patients (53.73%) had no history of epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (ADEs) withdrawal and cerebral infarction were the most common causes of SE in epileptics and non-epileptics, respectively. One hundred and twenty-three patients (91.8%) had generalized tonic-clonic SE. Thirty patients (22.4%) could return to work and 33 (24.6%) died during hospitalization. There was a significant relationship between mortality and age over 60 years (P<0.001), and mortality and cerebral infarction or anoxia (P= 0.022).
Conclusion: ADEs withdrawal in the epileptic patients was the main cause of SE (28.40% of the total population and 62% of the epileptic patients) that can be prevented by patient and family education. This study showed that high mortality and morbidity were significantly related to the increasing age and etiology of SE.
Comparison of the analgesic effects of Post-operative Morphine, Pre-emptive and Post-operative Paracetamol in Septorhinoplasty Surgery
Authors: Taregh Shoja-Al-hagh , Hadavi Mohammad Reza , Omidvari Shahriyar , Daneshforouz Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background: According to previous studies there are some different opinions on the pre-emptive effects of paracetamol in controlling post-operative pain, we aimed to compare the analgesic effects of pre-emptive paracetamol with post-operative paracetamol and morphine in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty.
Materials and methods: A hundred and six patients aged 15 to 50 were divided into 3 groups. One received 1 g paracetamol 30 minutes before the operation, another group received 1 g paracetamol after the surgery and the control group received 3 mg morphine sulfate in the recovery room after the surgery. The pain severity was recorded for each patient using a 10 slot table. Any signs of nausea and vomiting (N/V) or apnea were closely observed and recorded. Patients with pain score 5 or more received 2 mg morphine intravascularly.
Results: There was not any significant difference between the groups in total pain score and N/V (p>0.05). Post-operative morphine intake was significantly lower in pre-emptive group (P<0.05). None of the patients experienced apnea during the study.Â
Conclusion: We concluded that pre-emptive paracetamol can lower the opium consumption in post-operative period but pre-emptive paracetamol cannot reduce the post-operative acute pain noticeably.
Lipid Peroxidation Product and Glutathione Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Before and After Surgery
Authors: Khansha Rahman , Miladpour Behnoosh , Mostafavi-Pour Zohreh , Zal Fatemeh 
Published: January 2022

Background: It has been reported that ischemia-reperfusion is associated with augmentation of oxidative stress and its specific and sensitive markers. Oxidative stress may cause atrial fibrillation (AF) which is a common consequence after cardiac surgery. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants might lower the incidence of AF following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) referred to Namazi and Faghihi Hospitals in Shiraz, undergone elective CABG, were enrolled in this study. For evaluation of oxidative stress, whole blood was taken before and 24 hours after surgery and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative marker and glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant marker were measured. Results: Results showed a significant difference between the mean concentration of GSH before and after CABG surgery (P <0.05); however, the difference in plasma MDA levels before and after CABG was insignificant. Conclusion: CABG surgery results in oxidative stress and reduces GSH 24h after surgery and administration of antioxidants may attenuate post-operative oxidative stress. [GMJ.2015;4(2):78-82]
Efficacy of Intravenous Ondansetron on Hemodynamic Complications in Women Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hajian Pouran , Malekianzadeh Bita , Davoudi Maryam 
Published: January 2022

Background: Several methods are used for the prevention or decreasing the incidence of spinal anesthesia hemodynamic complications. Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist with known efficacy on preventing nausea and vomiting and probably on intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of intravenous Ondansetron on the attenuation of blood pressure and heart rate, by 5HT3 blocking in vagal nerve endings and effect on Bezold Jarish reflex. Material and Methods: One hundred and two candidates for elective cesarean section were randomized into 2 groups of 51 cases, the Ondansetron group received 4mg Ondansetron intravenously before performing spinal anesthesia, and placebo group received 2cc sterile water. Hypotension was defined: Systolic blood pressure less than 100 MmHg or fall more than 20% from primary BP which was treated by administration of Ephedrine in case of any. In both groups, Ondansetron effect was studied on hypotension occurrence, bradycardia, consumed Ephedrine amount, pruritus, nausea and vomiting. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in systolic/diastolic blood pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure, heart rate and pruritus in both groups (P=0.081).Nausea and vomiting in the first 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia were lesser in Ondansetron group (P= 0.001). Mean consumed Ephedrine was significantly lesser in Ondansetron group (5.8 mg in Ondansetron and 10.7 mg in placebo group, P=0.009). Conclusion: OndansetronÂ givenÂ intravenouslyÂ withÂ antiemeticÂ doseÂ (4 Â mg)Â decreasesÂ mean consumed Ephedrine and nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia, but does not have an influence on blood pressure, heart rate and pruritus.[GMJ. 2016;5(1):13-18]
Frequency Survey of Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Cell Phones in General Population in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Matini Esfandiar , Shayeghi Farzad , Nematian Javad , Shayeghi Homeyra , Lazemi Vahideh , Rezarian Ghahroud Reihaneh , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Madari Mohades Seyed Amir Mahdi , Zarghami Amin , Ghasemzadeh Kolagar Hossein , Rahmani Helia , Abasi Feshki Hanieh , Baghaee Barjin Zahra 
Published: January 2022

Background: Mobile smart phones have become increasingly integrated into the daily lives of individuals in society. Recent studies indicated the considerable role of these devices as reservoirs for various micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the prevÂ­alence of microbiological contamination of mobile phones in general population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a large sample of mobile phones of genÂ­eral population Tehran in 2015. Samples for culture were collected from mobile phones and transported for microbiological identification based on standard laboratory methods. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed that in total of 5220 sample retrieved, 5180 (98.9%) mobile phone devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most common microorganisms that were isolated include: Staphylococcus epidermidis (63.9), Escherichia coli (12.3%) and StaphyloÂ­coccus aureus (11.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of mobile phone contamination is high in general population in Tehran. Although most of the isolated organisms seemed to be non-pathoÂ­genic, their colonization may endanger certain populations particularly in health care settings. [GMJ.2016;5(2):70-74]
Chicory Aroma Water for Neonatal Jaundice: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Manouchehrian Mohsen , Shakiba Mehrdad , Shariat Mamak , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Jafarian Ali Akbar , Lotfi Mohammad Hassan , Keighobady Naeimeh 
Published: January 2022

Background: Although neonatal jaundice occurs in 60% of term infants, very little evidence is available on how to prevent it. Given the ethno-medical use of chicory aroma water (CAW) for the management of jaundice by Iranian pregnant women, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the frequent CAW consumption was associated with fewer jaundice symptoms after 40 days. Materials and Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial was designed to enroll participants from Lolagar Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Pregnant women (n=80) were randomly divided into two groups. The trial group was provided with common diet and an instruction to consume CAW. The control group was maintained on common diet. The proportion of phototherapy and mean value of bilirubin were measured and compared between the two groups. (IRCT registry number: IRCT2017041633475N1) Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean value of bilirubin between the women with frequent CAW consumption compared with the control. Also, the intake of CAW was not associated with a marked improvement in the need for phototherapy (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlighted that the intake of CAW by pregnant women failed to ameliorate neonatal jaundice.
[GMJ.2017;6(4):312-8] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4.973