bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye disease among adults in a population-based setting in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Betiku AO , Oduyoye OO , Jagun OO , Olajide OS , Adebusoye SO , Aham-Onyebuchi UO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dry eye disease (DED) occurs as a result of an abnormality in tear production, tear consistency, and tear evaporation.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in a population-based setting in Southwest Nigeria.

Patient and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical outreach at Iperu Remo in Nigeria. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 415 participants. Symptoms of dry eye were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and meibomian gland were evaluated. The diagnosis of DED was confirmed when the OSDI score is ≥13 and TBUT is less than 10 seconds. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses at a 0.05 level of significance.

Results:
The overall prevalence of DED was 28.2%. Adults aged between 31 and 40 years were 23 times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 23.13; 95% CI: 1.32 – 405.99; P = 0.032) compared to those between 16 and 20 years. Female adults were about four times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.44 – 8.94; P = 0.006). The use of drugs was also significantly associated with dry eyes.

Conclusion:
This study shows a fairly high prevalence of DED among adults in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Ophthalmologists and other eye care workers need to be cautious about the DED and offer appropriate treatment options to patients.
Presentación del el libro de resúmenes del IV Congreso Colombiano de Mastozoología
Authors: Lizcano Diego J. , Concha-Osbahr Catalina , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Trujillo-Acosta Angelica , Agámez Carlos 
Published: March 2022

Es un gusto para el comité editorial y comité científico presentar el libro de resúmenes de nuestro IV Congreso Colombiano de Mastozoología, realizado de forma virtual desde el 22 al 26 de Diciembre del 2021. Este evento representa un avance significativo en el crecimiento y consolidación de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología (SCMas) y es un producto natural del crecimiento y desarrollo del estudio de los mamíferos tanto a nivel nacional como Latinoamericano, mostrando el fuerte crecimiento y avance de la ciencia de nuestra región. El evento contó con más de 200 ponencias orales y posters, de más de 10 países y cerca de 350 participantes. Este Congreso se convierte en el máximo evento de la mastozoología en Colombia y un muy significativo aporte a la mastozoología Latinoamericana.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO QUILOMBOLA PARA O RESGATE E MANUTENÇÃO DA CULTURA QUILOMBOLA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA DE SÃO SEBASTIÃO, MUNICÍPIO DE BAGRE – PA
Authors: Ramos Manuel Maria Pinto da Rocha , Miranda Adarléia Pires , Da Silva Dinalva Correa 
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo intitulado como A INFLUENCIA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO QUILOMBOLA PARA O RESGATE E MANUTENÇÃO DA CULTURA QUILOMBOLA: Um estudo de caso da Comunidade Quilombola de São Sebastião, Municipio de Oeiras do Pará – PA. Bucando analisar a influencia da Associação quilombola para o resgate e manutenção da cultura quilombola na referida comunidade, por meio de reflexões fundamentadas e organizadas. Para tanto, apresenta-se alguns questionamentos como: quais as culturas quilombolas que ainda sobrevivem na comunidade? Como se dar o processo de retransmissão dos conhecimentos quilombolas entre gerações? E o que a comunidade e/ou organizações sociais tem feito para preservar a cultura quilombola? Pesquisa de campo de caráter investigativo, por meio de questionários pré elaborados buscando conhecer na oralidade dos moradores como acontece essa retransmissão. Logo, participaram representantes da associação e/ou comunidade, moradores pais de famílias e jovens da comunidade de São Sebastião, as quais foram interpretadas ao analisar-se os dados. Seguindo na linha de reforçar a grande necessidade e a importância da organização dos moradores da comunidade em associação, para garantia dos direitos e resgate dos valores, costumes e legados afrodescendentes, que se alto declaram quilombolas, proporcionando desta feita uma melhor retransmissão dos saberes e conhecimentos populares, dos mais antigos aos mais novos e assim manter viva a cultura do povo quilombola, todo esse conhecimento afrodescendente vivenciado e repassado por gerações nas comunidades quilombolas.
Enhanced Security Framework for Internet Banking Services
Authors: Sarjiyus Omega , Baha Benson Yusuf , E. J. Garba  
Published: March 2022

This research, Enhanced Security Framework for Internet Banking Services is aimed at developing a suitable framework, a system based on consolidating two algorithms, improved RSA with LSB steganography capable of providing secure transmission of customer Internet banking credentials as this is imperative since the online transactions are carried out using public networks that are vulnerable to varying forms of cyber threats and attacks on data confidentiality, integrity and authenticity. In conducting this research, a thorough analysis of the existing banking system used by most banks such as First bank, Stanbic IBTC and UBA, the FINACLE 10.8 and intellect(TM) PRIVACY security system used by POLARIS bank was carried out in order to ascertain the existing security features while at the same time, reviewing the existing, current Internet banking security models in a bid to concretely establish the gaps filled by this research. The data gathered for this research were collected using the key informant interview method (KIIM), visiting banks IT unit and observation of operational procedures and other technicalities as regards Internet security. Lecture notes, newsletters and journal articles relating to Internet banking security were thoroughly reviewed. It was however found that the existing applications were unable to stop offline credential stealing attacks, were also vulnerable to malicious attacks when credentials are stored on customer PCs. Hence, the use of steganography in this research to consolidate cryptographic algorithms (beginning from the use of PKI-cards on card readers). In building the system, the OOAD approach was used with tools such as Class Diagram, Sequence Diagram, DFDs, and UML use cases to capture the system functionalities in a bid to come up with a successful design. MATLAB R2015a was used to process images imported from JAVA platform and analysis carried out on five (5) standard gray USC-SIPI images of size 512 × 512tiff formats as data sets selected to conceal customer data after encryption by the RSA technique yielding very high PSNR and very low MSE values as required for a secure credential transmission.
Water Fitness Progressions
Authors: Alexander Christine 
Published: March 2022

Water fitness classes are more popular than ever—and with good reason, since they are fun, accessible, and effective. But how do you, as an instructor or trainer, keep them fresh? How do you continue to challenge your participants, who have varied interests and goals? Water Fitness Progressions has the answers.
Water Fitness Progressions is designed to help you create programs that gradually, and systematically, progress your participants. Inside you will discover the following:
• Over 150 ready-to-use lesson plans
• Variations of the shallow-water and deep-water exercises offer over 590 possibilities
• Specific programming for shallow and deep water
• Suggestions for introducing equipment to a workout
• High-intensity and low-intensity training plans
• Tips for using water resistance to improve strength
With step-by-step instructions, detailed photos, and expert advice, Water Fitness Progressions is the comprehensive, yet practical, resource that you’ve been waiting for. With an entire year of plans, you will spend more time teaching and less time preparing.
Methods of Group Exercise Instruction
Authors: Yoke Mary M. , Armbruster Carol K. 
Published: March 2022

In the constantly evolving world of fitness and exercise, it is challenging to become—and remain—an effective group exercise instructor. Methods of Group Exercise Instruction, Fourth Edition With Online Video, offers expert guidance in a variety of group exercise formats so current and aspiring instructors can hone their skills and create demand for their services. The authors—who have dozens of years of experience—thoroughly explain group exercise training principles, correction and progression techniques, and safety tips. They also have taught this course within a university setting. This research-based text will enhance the skills of group exercise leaders and prepare them to lead more dynamic, safe, and effective classes for clients of differing ages, abilities, and interests.
Methods of Group Exercise Instruction, Fourth Edition, goes beyond theory to help fitness instructors and managers understand the why behind class and program design, the proper way to cue participants, and the variety of modalities they can use in their teaching. Revised and reorganized based on current industry best practices, this edition includes the following:
Over 100 minutes of online video demonstrating warm-ups, routines, drills, and 15 new class formats
A new chapter dedicated specifically to instructing older adults
New coverage of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
Two additional sample class plans for featured group exercise formats
The text also features a number of additional learning aids to help readers retain and apply the content. Pro Tips offer insights and expertise from industry veterans; boxes and sidebars highlight important topics, research findings, and technique and safety checks; practice drills offer opportunities to apply the information; and evaluation forms are provided to self-assess teaching success.
Methods of Group Exercise Instruction, Fourth Edition, will prepare any group fitness instructor for a successful career. Students will gain a strong foundation to earn their group fitness certification, and veteran instructors will be able to refine their skills to increase their marketability and success.
Diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography for COVID-19
in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and computed tomography features in 987 patients
Authors: Ghoneim Mahitab , Eid Riham , Hamdy Nashwa , Shokry Doaa , Salem Mohammed A. , El-morsy Ahmed , H. Elmokadem Ali 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe outbreak of a new coronavirus is still spreading worldwide, affecting children and adults. However, COVID-19 in children shows distinctive characteristics in clinical and radiological presentation. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of chest CT and clarify the clinicoradiological CT features of COVID-19 among children with COVID-19.Material and methodsAdhering to PRISMA-DTA guidelines, we searched databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to identify relevant articles. The search keywords were: “Chest CT” AND “COVID-19” OR “coronavirus” OR “SARS-COV-2” AND “Children” OR “Pediatric”. Published reports providing clinical and imaging findings of paediatric COVID-19 were included.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included, with 987 patients. Most of the patients were symptomatic (76.9%; 95% CI: 69.2-84.7%), with fever being the most frequent manifestation (64%; 95% CI: 58.0-71.2%). Only 2.3% of the cases were critical, and mortality was reported in one case. The proportion of COVID-19 detected by chest CT among children is relatively high (658/987), with ground-glass opacity (GGO) being the most prevalent feature (52.5%; 95% CI: 40.5-64.7%). The pooled sensitivity of chest CT in all patients was 67%; however, it was different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (71% and 33%, respectively). The pooled specificity was (67%), which was calculated after considering the symptomatic PCR-positive patients as the gold standard.ConclusionsChest CT showed moderate pooled sensitivity and specificity among symptomatic children with COVID-19 and low sensitivity among asymptomatic children. This means that CT is not to be used as a screening tool or for confirmation of the diagnosis in children and should be reserved for specific clinical situations.
Improved monitoring of shipping NO2 with TROPOMI: decreasing NOx emissions in European seas during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Riess Tobias Christoph Valentin Werner , Boersma Klaas Folkert , van Vliet Jasper , Peters Wouter , Sneep Maarten , Eskes Henk , van Geffen Jos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns provide powerful information on emissions of air pollution by ships on open sea. This information is potentially useful for authorities to help determine the (non-)compliance of ships with increasingly stringent NOx emission regulations. We find that the information quality is improved further by recent upgrades in the TROPOMI cloud retrieval and an optimal data selection. We show that the superior spatial resolution of TROPOMI allows for the detection of several lanes of NO2 pollution ranging from the Aegean Sea near Greece to the Skagerrak in Scandinavia, which have not been detected with other satellite instruments before. Additionally, we demonstrate that under conditions of sun glint TROPOMI's vertical sensitivity to NO2 in the marine boundary layer increases by up to 60 %. The benefits of sun glint are most prominent under clear-sky situations when sea surface winds are low but slightly above zero (±2 m s−1). Beyond spatial resolution and sun glint, we examine for the first time the impact of the recently improved cloud algorithm on the TROPOMI NO2 retrieval quality, both over sea and over land. We find that the new FRESCO+ (Fast Retrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band) wide algorithm leads to 50 hPa lower cloud pressures, correcting a known high bias, and produces 1–4×1015 molec. cm−2 higher retrieved NO2 columns, thereby at least partially correcting for the previously reported low bias in the TROPOMI NO2 product. By training an artificial neural network on the four available periods with standard and FRESCO+ wide test retrievals, we develop a historic, consistent TROPOMI NO2 data set spanning the years 2019 and 2020. This improved data set shows stronger (35 %–75 %) and sharper (10 %–35 %) shipping NO2 signals compared to co-sampled measurements from OMI. We apply our improved data set to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ship NO2 pollution over European seas and find indications that NOx emissions from ships reduced by 10 %–20 % during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The reductions in ship NO2 pollution start in March–April 2020, in line with changes in shipping activity inferred from automatic identification system (AIS) data on ship location, speed, and engine.
VELOX – a new thermal infrared imager for airborne remote sensing of cloud and surface properties
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Wolf Kevin , Ehrlich André , Hallbauer Christoph , Jäkel Evelyn , Jansen Friedhelm , Luebke Anna Elizabeth , Müller Joshua , Thoböll Jakob , Röschenthaler Timo , Stevens Bjorn , Wendisch Manfred 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The new airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imager VELOX (Video airbornE Longwave Observations within siX channels) is introduced. VELOX is a commercially available TIR camera system that has been adapted extensively for atmospheric applications, which are introduced in this paper. The system covers six spectral bands with centre wavelengths between 7.7 and 12 µm. Currently, VELOX is installed on board the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) to observe cloud and surface properties. It provides observations of two-dimensional (2D) fields of upward terrestrial spectral radiance with a horizontal resolution of approximately 10 m×10 m at a target distance of 10 km. Atmospheric temperature values are rather low compared to the originally intended commercial applications of VELOX and range close to the detection limit of the sensor. This challenge requires additional calibration efforts to enable atmospheric applications of VELOX. Therefore, required sophisticated calibration and correction procedures, including radiometric calibrations, non-uniformity corrections, bad-pixel replacements, and window corrections, are presented. Furthermore, first observations of cloud properties acquired by VELOX during the EUREC4A (ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte) campaign are discussed, including an analysis of the cloud top brightness temperature, cloud mask/fraction, and cloud top altitude data. The data reveal the potential of VELOX to resolve the cloud top temperature with a resolution of better than 0.1 K, which translates into a resolution of approximately 40 m in cloud top altitude.
Indentifikasi Limbah Besi dan Pemanfaatannya Untuk Pembuatan Perahu Lambung Datar
Authors: Rakhman Suharso Arif , Purwanto  , Wulansari Dhesi , Noviarianto  , Arya Wiguna Rifki 
Published: March 2022

Bidang usaha produktif yang dipilih dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah bidang usaha pengolahan besi bekas untuk diidentifikasi sebagai bahan pembuatan kapal lambung datar. Selain dapat diandalkan untuk membangun kekuatan maritim Indonesia, Kapal Pelat Datar ini juga memiliki daya saing kuat dan biaya produksinya jauh lebih murah jika dibandingkan dengan kapal-kapal berbahan baku kayu maupun fiber. Kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh mitra usaha salah satunya adalah pemotongan plat kapal dan di tempat usaha juga terdapat perahu dengan lambung datar sehungga mendorong kami untuk melakukan identifikasi plat kapal. Permasalahan lain yang dihadapi mitra adalah minimnya pengetahuan mengenai pengolahan besi scrap tersebut menjadi material sesuai pesanan yang diinginkan dari industry. Permasalahan lainya yang juga dihadapi adalah kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai identifikasi plat besi sehingga proses identifikasi tidak sesuai yang menyebabkan kesalahan dalam penafsiran harga.. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di tempat usaha kecil limbah besi di desa gedanganak Ungaran Timur. Pengolahan besi bekas sangat potensial karena banyak industri baja yang menggunakan bahan skrap sebagai bahan dasarnya, baik pada industri mesin maupun industri logam. Besi bekasan penggunaan skrap karena bahan ini mudah didapat, memiliki nilai komparatif yang tinggi, memiliki komposisi kimia yang masih sangat memungkinkan untuk diolah lebih lanjut, serta dapat mengurangi permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan limbah logam.
English across Borders: Exploring Register Variation in South Asian Newspaper Editorials
Authors: M. Ali, M. Sheeraz  
Published: March 2022

This paper is a multidimensional analysis of Pakistani, Indian, and Bengali newspaper editorials, and they are also compared with British newspaper editorials. The purpose of the study is to explore lexico-grammatical patterns of change in English used in the countries separated by geopolitical divisions which remained parts of the British colony. A specialised corpus developed for this study consists of 288 text files of press editorials taken from May 2020 to May 2021 which were tagged using Biber’s tagger. Z score formula was used for the computation of dimensions score. Further, ANOVA was used to find the differences and similarities between the editorials from the selected countries. The data was also compared with British press editorials. The results indicate that Pakistani press editorials are the most informational and abstract among all the countries. Indian press editorials are the most non-narrative and the least abstract. Bengali press editorials are the most explicit and argumentative and the least informational. British press editorials are the least non-narrative, explicit, and argumentative among the selected countries. The results provide substantial evidence that the newspaper editorial registers of these countries are not only different from British press editorials but, after the partition of India, each country has developed its own norms of producing discourse also.
The New Public/Private Equilibrium and the Regulation of Public Companies
Authors: Elisabeth de Fontenay  , Gabriel Rauterberg  
Published: March 2022

This Symposium Article examines how the public/private divide works today and maps out some of the potential implications for major issues in securities law. Classic debates in securities law were often predicated on the idea that public companies are a coherent class of firms that differ markedly from private companies. For more than fifty years after the adoption of the federal securities laws, this view was justified. During that period, the vast majority of successful and growing private firms eventually accepted the regulatory obligations of being public in order to access a wider and deeper pool of capital, among other benefits. This was a descriptive reality, but it had important normative implications as well. An identifiable class of large, growing firms went public, and they generally went public for a reason they shared: raising capital. As a result, regulatory interventions imposed on the category of “public companies” had a coherent target.
We argue that firms’ going public decisions are now shaped by a much larger and more varied set of factors. These factors are complex, cross-cutting, and impact firms considering going public in very heterogeneous ways. This complexity results from several developments and we emphasize two. First, it is a result of the fact that while the public/private divide was created by securities law, public and private markets now provide two widely different ecologies for firms, which profoundly shape firms’ governance as well as the issuance and trading of their shares. Second, long-term advances in the ease of capital raising in private markets have made it possible for firms to remain private indefinitely and have diminished or eliminated the capital-raising advantages of public markets. The result of this latter change has been rightly called a “new equilibrium.” In that equilibrium, fewer and older firms go public, while other successful firms remain private indefinitely. In this equilibrium, capital raising is no longer the primary reason firms go public. Rather, we argue, firms go public due to one or more of the many other features of the public market’s ecology.
The normative implication of this new equilibrium is to reduce the coherency of the regulation of public companies. The benefits and costs of being public (or private) apply unevenly to firms eligible to go public. Instead, to a greater degree firms now face idiosyncratic, company-specific tradeoffs between being public or private, and they often go public for reasons unrelated to the original design of the public/private divide. Regulations imposed on public firms are likely to not only be increasingly under- and over-inclusive, but also to apply to a class of companies whose coherency as an economic phenomenon may be increasingly suspect.