bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics of rhinovirus persistence reveals sustained expression of RIG‐I and interferon‐stimulated genes in nasal epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Ong Hsiao Hui , Andiappan Anand Kumar , Duan Kaibo , Lum Josephine , Liu Jing , Tan Kai Sen , Howland Shanshan , Lee Bernett , Ong Yew Kwang , Thong Mark , Chow Vincent T. , Wang De‐Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are frequently associated with asthma exacerbations, and have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients. While HRV‐induced acute infection is well‐documented, it is less clear whether the nasal epithelium sustains prolonged HRV infections along with the associated activation of host immune responses.ObjectiveTo investigate sustainably regulated host responses of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) during HRV persistence.MethodsUsing a time‐course study, HRV16 persistence and viral replication dynamics were established using an in vitro infection model of hNECs. RNA sequencing was performed on hNECs in the early and late stages of infection at 3 and 14 days post‐infection (dpi), respectively. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was evaluated using gene ontology (GO) and Ingenuity pathway analysis.ResultsHRV RNA and protein expression persisted throughout prolonged infections, even after decreased production of infectious virus progeny. GO analysis of unique DEGs indicated altered regulation of pathways related to ciliary function and airway remodeling at 3 dpi and serine‐type endopeptidase activity at 14 dpi. The functional enrichment of shared DEGs between the two time‐points was related to interferon (IFN) and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways. Validation of the sustained regulation of candidate genes confirmed the persistent expression of RIG‐I and revealed its close co‐regulation with interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) during HRV persistence.ConclusionsThe persistence of HRV RNA does not necessarily indicate an active infection during prolonged infection. The sustained expression of RIG‐I and ISGs in response to viral RNA persistence highlights the importance of assessing how immune‐activating host factors can change during active HRV infection and the immune regulation that persists thereafter.
Unilaterally disrupted structural and functional connectivity of the fronto‐limbic system in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Cao Jibin , Yin Zhiyang , Chen Boyu , Chang Miao , Li Chao , Fan Guoguang , Cui Lingling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIdiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is rare and can either be associated with normal or defective olfactory sensation, classified as normosmic IHH (nIHH) or Kallmann syndrome (KS). We do not yet understand the central processing pathways in the olfactory system. We aimed to compare the resting‐state structural and functional connectivity (FC) of olfactory neural pathways in patients with IHH. We hypotheses that alterations of structural connectivity and FC may exist in the olfactory cortex pathways in IHH patients.Design: Structural and functional connectivity data results between two groups were analyzedPatients: Twenty‐five IHH patients (13 nIHH patients and 12 KS patients) were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology and were assessed. A total of 25 age‐matched healthy male controls were recruited from the community.Measurements: All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Structural and functional connectivity data analyses were then performed. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to investigate the correlations between the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and FC strength, showing significant differences among the three groups separately.ResultsCompared with the HC group, FA value in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) decreased significantly in the IHH group. The olfactory cortex FC values of the right gyrus rectus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and right middle temporal gyrus in the IHH group were decreased compared with those in the HC group. Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between right UF FA and olfactory cortex‐FC to both the gyrus rectus and OFC within the HC group (p < .05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that alterations of structural and FC support the presence of neurobiological disruptions in IHH patients, particularly a specific structural‐functional asymmetry disruption may exist in the olfactory cortex pathways in IHH patients.
Clonidine suppression test for a reliable diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: When to use
Authors: Tsiomidou Spyridoula , Pamporaki Christina , Geroula Aikaterini , Van Baal Lukas , Weber Frank , Dralle Henning , Schmid Kurt W. , Führer Dagmar , Unger Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn clinical practice, false‐positive results in biochemical testing for suspected pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) are not infrequent and may lead to unnecessary examinations. We aimed to evaluate the role of the clonidine suppression test (CST) in the era of analyses of plasma‐free metanephrines for the diagnosis or exclusion of PPGL in patients with adrenal tumours and/or arterial hypertension.Design and MethodsThis single‐centre, prospective trial investigated the use of CST in 60 patients with suspected PPGL associated with out‐patient elevations of plasma normetanephrine (NMN) and/or metanephrine (MN), in most cases accompanied with hypertension or an adrenal mass. Measurements of plasma catecholamines and free metanephrines were performed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.ResultsForty‐six patients entered final analysis (n = 20 with PPGL and n = 26 with a nonfunctional adrenal mass and/or hypertension). CST reliably excluded false‐positive baseline NMN results with a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of CST improved from 85% to 94% when tumours with isolated MN increase (n = 3) were not considered. In patients with elevated baseline NMN (n = 24), CST correctly identified all patients without PPGL. Patients with falsely elevated baseline NMN results (n = 7, 26.9%) exhibited increases of baseline NMN up to 1.7‐fold above the upper reference limit.ConclusionCST qualifies as a useful diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of borderline elevated plasma‐free NMN in patients with suspected PPGL. In this context, CST helps to correctly identify all false‐positive NMN screening results.
Effectiveness of soft tissue augmentation procedures for coverage of buccal soft tissue dehiscence around dental implants: A systematic review
Authors: Soetebeer Maren , Jennes Marie‐Elise , Antonoglou Georgios N. , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Beuer Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of soft tissue augmentation procedures for complete coverage and mean coverage of buccal soft tissue dehiscence (BSTD) in patients with implant‐supported restorations.MethodsThree databases were surveyed for randomized (RCTs), non‐randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, and case series with a minimum of five patients per control or test group. Studies dealing with soft tissue augmentation procedures to cover BSTD—occurring during implant function and not due to the result of peri‐implantitis—were included. Risk of bias was evaluated with RoB 2 or the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment. Whenever possible, exploratory meta‐analyses were performed to evaluate weighted mean effects (WME) for the different outcomes. The primary outcomes were the percentage of complete coverage and mean coverage of BSTD.ResultsSeven articles were included. Only one study was a RCT, with a high risk of bias. Meta‐analyses showed that after 1 year (2 studies, n = 36 patients; WME = 70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 50; 90; p = .23) as well as after 5 years (3 studies, n = 54 patients; WME = 70; 95%; CI = 60; 80; p = .44), complete coverage of BSTD could be achieved in 70% of the cases.ConclusionBased on limited evidence, it can be concluded that BSTD can be substantially reduced with the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures. Further research with comparative trials using larger samples and longer follow‐up periods is needed to study the stability of soft tissues in the long term.
Effective thermoforming method for maintaining mouthguard thickness with a circular sheet using a circular frame
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/AimMouthguard thickness is important to prevent oral and facial trauma during sports. The aim of this study was to establish an effective thermoforming method for maintaining mouthguard thickness with a circular sheet using a circular frame.Materials and MethodsMouthguards were thermoformed using 4.0‐mm‐thick ethylene vinyl acetate sheets and a vacuum forming machine. Each sheet was pinched at the top and bottom and stabilized by a circular frame. Two heating conditions were compared: (1) condition N, where the sheet was formed when it sagged 10 mm below the level of the sheet frame at the top of the post, and (2) condition L, where the sheet frame was lowered 50 mm below the ordinary level and heated, and the sheet was formed when it sagged 10 mm. In each heating method, two forming conditions were compared: (1) when the sheet softened, the sheet frame was lowered and formed (condition C; N‐C, L‐C), and (2) after the sheet frame was lowered, the model was moved forward 20 mm and then formed (condition MP; N‐MP, L‐MP). Six mouthguards were fabricated for each condition. Thickness differences due to heating conditions and forming conditions were analyzed by the two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test.ResultsAt the incisal edge and at the labial and buccal surfaces, significant differences were observed among all conditions, and the thicknesses were in the order N‐C < L‐C < N‐MP <L‐MP. At the cusp, significant differences were not observed depending on the heating conditions.ConclusionsThe thermoforming method with a circular sheet using a circular frame did not maintain a sufficient thickness only by the method of moving the model position just before formation. However, the results suggest that a single‐layer mouthguard with a labial thickness of 3 mm or more could be fabricated by applying the method of lowering the sheet frame and heating the sheet.
Phylogenetic and functional clustering illustrate the roles of adaptive radiation and dispersal filtering in jointly shaping late‐Quaternary mammal assemblages on oceanic islands
Authors: Si Xingfeng , Cadotte Marc W. , Davies T. Jonathan , Antonelli Alexandre , Ding Ping , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Faurby Søren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIslands frequently harbour unique assemblages of species, yet their ecological roles and differences are largely ignored in island biogeography studies. Here, we examine eco‐evolutionary processes structuring mammal assemblages on oceanic islands worldwide, including all extant and extinct late‐Quaternary mammal species. We find island mammal assemblages tend to be phylogenetically clustered (share more recent evolutionary histories), with clustering increasing with island area and isolation. We also observe that mammal assemblages often tend to be functionally clustered (share similar traits), but the strength of clustering is weak and generally independent from island area or isolation. These findings indicate the important roles of in situ speciation and dispersal filtering in shaping island mammal assemblages under pre‐anthropogenic conditions, notably through adaptive radiation of a few clades (e.g. bats, with generally high dispersal abilities). Our study demonstrates that considering the functional and phylogenetic axes of diversity can better reveal the eco‐evolutionary processes of island community assembly.
Remote hearings in family courts in England and Wales during Covid‐19: Insights and lessons
Authors: Harker Lisa , Ryan Mary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe introduction of social distancing measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in family court hearings in England and Wales being conducted remotely, by video or telephone. Over a 15 months period, the Nuffield Family Justice Observatory undertook three rapid consultations to identify how remote proceedings were working, according to families and to a wide range of professionals who work in and around the family court. The consultations revealed the value of working remotely in certain circumstances, but also highlighted significant questions of fairness and justice. These insights should inform how courts operate in the future.
The role of climate in past forest loss in an ecologically important region of South Asia
Authors: Haughan Alice E. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Potts Simon G. , Senapathi Deepa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTropical forests in India have declined at an alarming rate over the past century, with extensive literature focusing on the high contributions of agricultural expansions to deforestation, while the effects of climate change have largely been overlooked. Climate change effects, such as increasing temperatures, drought and flooding, have already occurred, and are projected to worsen. Climate velocity, a metric that accounts for spatial heterogeneity in climate, can help identify contiguous areas under greater climate stress and potential climate refuges in addition to traditional temporal trends. Here, we examined the relative contribution of climate changes to forest loss within an area of India, Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh during the period 2001–2018, at two spatial (regional and study area) and two temporal (seasonal and annual) scales. This includes, for the first time, a characterization of climate velocity in the area. Our findings show that annual forest loss increased substantially over the 17‐year period examined (2001–2018), with the majority of forest loss occurring in the Northeast region. Decreases in temporal trends of temperature and precipitation were most associated with forest losses, but there was large spatial and seasonal variation in the relationship. In every region except the Northeast, forest losses were correlated with faster velocities of at least one climate variable but overlapping areas of high velocities were rare. Our findings indicate that climate changes have played an important role in past forest loss within the study area but likely remain secondary to other factors at present. We stress concern for climates velocities recorded reaching 97 km year−1, and highlight that understanding the different regional and seasonal relationships between climatic conditions and forest distributions will be key to effective protection of the area's remaining forests as climate change accelerates.
The effectiveness of auscultatory, colorimetric capnometry and pH measurement methods to confirm placement of nasogastric tubes: A methodological study
Authors: Taskiran Nihal , Sari Dilek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of auscultatory, colorimetric capnometry and pH measurement methods for confirmation of correct nasogastric tube placement in critically ill patients.BackgroundIncorrect nasogastric tube placement causes serious complications.DesignThis was a methodological and comparative study.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 88 new insertions of nasogastric feeding tubes between April 2018–2019. Results from the ‘auscultatory’, ‘pH’ and ‘colorimetric capnometry’ methods were compared with the location of the nasogastric tube as determined through radiography. Descriptive statistics, Eta analysis and the Cohen kappa compliance test as well as sensitivity and specificity were conducted.ResultsThere was a weak agreement (26.3%) between the auscultation and radiological evaluation for confirming nasogastric tube placement. The pH measurement and colorimetric capnometry methods were not correlated with radiological evaluation. Stomach pH increased as patient age increased and use of the colorimetric capnometry method failed to confirm the oesophageal and duodenal location. The specificity of the auscultation was low, and both the specificity and sensitivity pH methods were low.ConclusionIt was determined that auscultation, measuring pH and colorimetric capnometry were unreliable methods for confirming placement of nasogastric tubes. It is recommended to confirm initial placement of the nasogastric tube with radiography and to develop effective and reliable non‐radiological measurement methods that can be performed at the bedside.
Barriers and enablers to embedding fundamental nursing care for older patients—Implications of a mixed methods study for nursing leadership
Authors: Grealish Laurie , Ranse Kristen , Todd Jo‐Anne , Armit Lyn , Billett Stephen , Collier Leigh , Bail Kasia , Moyle Wendy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo understand the enablers and barriers for delivering fundamental care to hospitalized older patients.DesignExplanatory sequential mixed methods design, with qualitative data used to elaborate quantitative results.MethodsSet in one medical and one surgical unit of a tertiary hospital in southeast Queensland, Australia. Observations of nursing practice using the Work Sampling Technique were conducted over two 2‐week periods in 2019. Data were analyzed and presented to groups of nurses who appraised the findings of the observations.ResultsThere were 1176 and 1278 observations of care in the medical unit over two time periods and 1380 and 1398 observations over the same period in the surgical unit. Fundamental care activities were recorded in approximately 26% (i.e. medical) and 22% (i.e. surgical) of all observations. Indirect care was highest, recorded in 41% (i.e. medical) and 43% (i.e. surgical) of observations. Nurses prioritized the completion of reportable activities, which is perceived as a potential enabler of fundamental care. Potential barriers to fundamental care included frequent delays in indirect care and difficulty balancing care requirements across a group of patients when patients have high fundamental care needs.ConclusionThe cultural acceptance of missed nursing care has the potential to erode public confidence in health systems, where assistance with fundamental care is expected. Relational styles of nurse leadership should focus on: (1) making fundamental care important work in the nurses’ scope thereby offering an opportunity for organizational change, (2) promoting education, demonstrating the serious implications of missed fundamental care for older patients and (3) investigating work interruptions.ImpactFundamental care is necessary to arrest the risk of functional decline and associated hospital‐acquired complications in older patients. However, nurses commonly report fundamental care as missed or omitted care. Understanding the challenges of implementing fundamental care can assist in the development of nurse leadership strategies to improve older patients’ care. Fundamental care was observed between 22% (i.e. surgical) and 26% (i.e. medical) of all observations. Nurses explained that they were focused on prioritizing and completing reported activities, experienced frequent delays when delivering indirect care and found balancing care requirements across groups of patients more challenging when patients had fundamental care needs. Clinical nurses working in acute health services with increasing populations of older patients can lead improvements to fundamental care provision through relational leadership styles to demonstrate how this work is in nurses’ scope of practice, promote education about the serious implications of missed fundamental care and investigate the root cause of work interruptions.
Arterial stiffness acute changes following aerobic exercise in males with and without hypertension
Authors: Zang Yiran , Ding Xiong , Zhao Mao Xiang , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Li , Wu Shouling , Sun Lixia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile regular exercise exposure is considered the most effective therapy to reduce arterial stiffness, the effect of acute exercise training on arterial stiffness in adults with different blood pressure (BP) levels remains unclear. The authors aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in male with different BP levels. This cross‐sectional study utilized data for 1200 males aged 20–49 years from the Kailuan study cohort who participated in the fifth National Fitness Monitoring project. A total of 940 participants (621 in the non‐hypertensive group and 319 in the hypertensive group) aged 36.82 ± 7.76 who completed a twice‐quantitative cycle ergometer exercise and measure of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at both the baseline and immediately after exercise were included in this study. The baPWV was decreased after acute aerobic exercise in the non‐hypertension and hypertension groups (Δ 40.29 [95% confidence interval [CI], −47.72 to −32.86] vs. Δ20.45 [95% CI, −31.32 to −9.58] cm/s). Participants without hypertension showed a greater decrease in baPWV (Δ 19.84 [95% CI, −33.83 to −5.84] cm/s) than participants with hypertension. Aerobic exercise had an acute positive effect on arterial stiffness. This study provides evidence of a greater reduction in arterial stiffness in individuals without hypertension than in those with hypertension.