bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of heart failure and diabetes on invasive biomarkers of skeletal muscle wasting
Authors: Wood N , Straw S , Scalabrin M , Espino-Gonzalez E , Smith J , Wheatcroft S , Witte KK , Roberts L , Bowen TS 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Muscle wasting is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic heart failure (HF), which exacerbates cachexia and poor quality of life. However, a gap in clinical translation remains as the mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in DM and HF remain poorly validated, with most evidence assumed from experimental small-animal models.

Purpose
Validate if markers of muscle wasting (e.g., autophagy, proteolysis, myogenesis) were correlated to muscle phenotype and clinical indices in humans with DM and HF.

Method
Male patients with DM (n=4), HF (n=4; NYHA=2), DMHF (n=7; NYHA=2) were included. DM was classified as a HbA1c level ≥48mmol/mol and HF classified as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, with patients on optimised medication. Muscle biopsies of pectoralis major were excised during routine pacemaker surgery and frozen at -80°C for both histological and gene expression analysis. Muscle samples were sectioned, stained, and imaged for fibre cross-sectional area and fibre type. RT-PCR gene expression was conducted for markers of muscle regeneration (myod, myogenin), protein degradation (myostatin and autophagy-related LC3B, ATG7, CTSL), and anabolic signalling (IGF-1). Statistical analysis included ANOVAs and correlation analysis to identify relationships between variables. Values of p&lt;0.05 were accepted as significant.

Results
Groups (DM, HF, DMHF) were not different (P&gt;0.05) in relation to age (79±9, 72±8, 72±10 years) or BMI (24.5±3.6, 28.5±4.2, 29.5±6.0) respectively. Fibre size or fibre type were not different (P&gt;0.05) between groups. In line with this, gene expression for markers of myogenesis and anabolism as well as myostatin were not different (P&gt;0.05) between groups, but a trend in downregulation of the proteolytic autophagy-related genes (LC3B, ATG7, CTSL) in DMHF vs DM or HF was found on average by 21, 36, and 30% respectively. Autophagy-related genes LC3B, ATG7, CTSL were positively correlated (P&lt;0.05) to type IIa fibre numerical density (R=0.82, 0.86, 0.89) and LVEF (R=0.85, 0.92, 0.83), respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that gene expression of autophagy could represent a robust marker of muscle wasting and cardiac dysfunction in humans with DM and HF. Muscle biopsies from patients with DM and HF identified the proteolytic system of autophagy, important for cellular homeostasis, may be inhibited and this was correlated to fibre phenotype and LVEF. However, the process of muscle wasting in DM and HF within the clinical setting may not necessarily reflect those reported in animal models given various other markers were not changed.
Robojournalism – A Copyright Study on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in the European News Industry
Authors: Trapova Alina , Mezei Péter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The copyright protectability of outputs generated by, or with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hotly debated question in academia and by many institutions. In practice, sophisticated AI algorithms have become a meaningful assistant in the European news industry for the reporting of sports (Retresco’s collaboration with the German Football Association), weather (textOmatic’s collaboration with FOCUS Online) and finance (the Guardian’s ‘Guarbot’). Furthermore, for the first time in copyright history a court in China assessed the validity of a company’s copyright claim over the articles produced by the corporation’s algorithm. The protection with copyright of this ‘robojournalism’ is no longer just a buzzwordy trend. From a technological perspective, robojournalism currently relies on assistive, generative and distributive technologies. The first two seem to be the most problematic from a copyright perspective as they challenge the well-rooted human authorship requirement. Experts have been able to agree so far that it does not look like AI technology is going to be a disruptive force in the media industry. However, researching the impact of AI in journalism matters a great deal. There are numerous benefits stemming from the use of AI in the newsroom – from expanding news coverage, through faster content production, all the way to leaving journalists more time for the more ‘creative’ and investigative tasks where the algorithm remains weak. This paper addresses, first, the protectability of the outputs of robojournalism under the existing European Union copyright laws. It then goes on to introduce findings related to the practical significance of robojournalism in the European news industry. Here, our focus is on the business, media, and communications studies’ perspectives of automated journalism. Our results demonstrate that the extent to which European journalism relies on assistive and generative technologies to produce written output does not justify, from a copyright perspective, the changing of the current anthropocentric copyright system. These findings have wider implications as AI-generated outputs have prompted many to talk about market failure if copyright (or related rights) protection was to be refused for such works.1
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy-associated ND6 14484T &gt; C mutation caused pleiotropic effects on the complex I, RNA homeostasis, apoptosis and mitophagy
Authors: Liang Min , Ji Yanchun , Zhang Liyao , Wang Xuan , Hu Cuifang , Zhang Juanjuan , Zhu Yiwei , Mo Jun Q , Guan Min-Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. LHON-linked ND6 14484T &gt; C (p.M64V) mutation affected structural components of complex I but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. The structural analysis of complex I revealed that the M64 forms a nonpolar interaction Y59 in the ND6, Y59 in the ND6 interacts with E34 of ND4L, and L60 of ND6 interacts with the Y114 of ND1. These suggested that the m.14484T &gt; C mutation may perturb the structure and function of complex I. Mutant cybrids constructed by transferring mitochondria from lymphoblastoid cell lines of one Chinese LHON family into mtDNA-less (ρo) cells revealed decreases in the levels of ND6, ND1 and ND4L. The m.14484T &gt; C mutation may affect mitochondrial mRNA homeostasis, supported by reduced levels of SLIRP and SUPV3L1 involved in mRNA degradation and increasing expression of ND6, ND1 and ND4L genes. These alterations yielded decreased activity of complex I, respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial ATP production and reduced membrane potential, and increased production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cybrids. Furthermore, the m.14484T &gt; C mutation promoted apoptosis, evidenced by elevating Annexin V-positive cells, release of cytochrome c into cytosol, levels in apoptotic proteins BAX, caspases 3, 7, 9 and decreasing levels in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL in the mutant cybrids. Moreover, the cybrids bearing the m.14484T &gt; C mutation exhibited the reduced levels of autophagy protein LC3, increased levels of substrate P62 and impaired PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Our findings highlighted the critical role of m.14484T &gt; C mutation in the pathogenesis of LHON.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Health Care Utilization Among United States Infants Younger Than 1 Year
Authors: Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Bylsma Lauren C , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The burden and health care utilization (HCU) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in US infants aged &lt;1 year across health care settings are not well characterized.

Methods
We systematically reviewed studies of RSV and bronchiolitis published 2000–2021 (data years, 1979–2020). Outcomes included RSV hospitalization (RSVH)/bronchiolitis hospitalization rates, emergency department (ED)/outpatient (OP) visit rates, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions or mechanical ventilation (MV) use among RSV-/bronchiolitis-hospitalized infants. Study quality was determined using standard tools.

Results
We identified 141 good-/fair-quality studies. Five national studies reported annual average RSVH rates (range, 11.6 per 1000 per year among infants aged 6–11 months in 2006 to 50.1 per 1000 per year among infants aged 0–2 months in 1997). Two national studies provided RSVH rates by primary diagnosis for the entire study period (range, 22.0–22.7 per 1000 in 1997–1999 and 1997–2000, respectively). No national ED/OP data were available. Among 11 nonnational studies, RSVH rates varied due to differences in time, populations (eg, prematurity), and locations. One national study reported that RSVH infants with high-risk comorbidities had 5-times more MV use compared to non–high-risk infants in 1997-2012.

Conclusions
Substantial data variability was observed. Nationally representative studies are needed to elucidate RSV burden and HCU.
Women's involvement in decision-making and receiving husbands’ support for their reproductive healthcare: a cross-sectional study in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Alpha , Pokharel Samidha Dhungel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Sociocultural factors remain an important determinant for women's involvement with decision making and getting husbands’ support for their reproductive healthcare. Therefore this study was conducted to examine sociodemographic factors associated with women's involvement in decision making and getting husbands’ support for their reproductive healthcare.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Lalitpur, Nepal. A total of 600 respondents were selected from 15 immunization clinics. Participants were women ≥18 y of age who came to the child's immunization clinic. The association between sociodemographic variables and women's involvement in decision making and getting husbands’ support for their reproductive healthcare was analysed through multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
While women's involvement in decision making was greater for childcare, it was less in the area related to financial matters. In contrast, husbands supported more in the area related to finances than for childcare and accompanying to health facilities. The significant determinants for women's involvement in decision making and getting husbands’ support were the woman's caste, education level, employment status, household income, age group and number of children. Madhesi/Muslim/other women were less likely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.31 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.12 to 0.73]) to decide the number of babies and birth spacing. These women were also less likely (AOR 0.18 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.86]) to be accompanied by their husbands to the family planning (FP) clinic. Janajati, Dalit and Madhesi/Muslim/other women were less likely to receive their husbands’ support for birth preparedness. Women who were &lt;20 y of age and had a single child were less likely to get involved in decision making and getting their husbands’ support for FP services.

Conclusions
The findings call for reproductive health programs that encourage women's involvement in decision making and receiving husbands’ support in women's reproductive healthcare. When designing such a program in the FP area, the woman's caste, age and parity should be given special consideration. Also, caste should be considered when designing such a program related to birth preparedness.
Dissecting the heterogeneity of exhausted T cells at the molecular level
Authors: Kagoya Yuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion has been refined by analysis of exhausted T cells at the molecular level. The development and functions of exhausted T cells are regulated by a number of transcription factors, epigenetic factors and metabolic enzymes. In addition, recent work to dissect exhausted T cells at the single-cell level has enabled us to discover a precursor exhausted T-cell subset equipped with long-term survival capacity. Starting from the analysis of mouse models, the existence of precursor exhausted T cells has also been documented in human T cells in the context of chronic virus infections or tumors. Clinical data suggest that evaluating the quality of exhausted T cells on the basis of their differentiation status may be helpful to predict the therapeutic response to inhibition of programmed death 1 (PD1). Moreover, beyond immune-checkpoint blockade, novel therapeutic approaches to re-invigorate exhausted T cells have been explored based on molecular insights into T-cell exhaustion. Here I will discuss key molecular profiles associated with the development, maintenance and differentiation of exhausted T cells and how these findings can be applicable in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
A Review of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Alforaih Noura , Whittall-Garcia Laura , Touma Zahi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common severe organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in SLE patients, as up to 20% of patients progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The clinical manifestations of LN are variable, ranging from asymptomatic proteinuria to a myriad of manifestations associated with nephritic and nephrotic syndromes and ESRD. It is therefore important to screen all SLE patients for LN.

Content
Urinalysis is a useful screening test in LN. Quantification of proteinuria can be performed with either a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio or 24-h urine sample collection for protein. Renal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of LN. Traditional serum biomarkers used to monitor SLE and LN disease activity and flares include anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies and complement components 3 and 4. Other nonconventional biomarkers found to correlate with LN include anti-C1q and surrogate markers of type 1 interferon regulatory genes (INF gene signature). Potential urinary biomarkers for LN include monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, tumor necrosis factor-like inducer of apoptosis, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

Summary
Although studies have shown promising results for the use of alternative biomarkers, these require validation in prospective studies to support their use. Renal remission rates in patients receiving standard of care therapy for induction and maintenance treatment of LN remain low. This has prompted further research in newer therapeutic targets in LN ,which have shown promising results.
Hospital’s adoption of multiple methods of obtaining outside information and use of that information
Authors: Everson Jordan , Patel Vaishali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Hospitals have multiple methods available to engage in health information exchange (HIE); however, it is not well understood whether these methods are complements or substitutes. We sought to characterize patterns of adoption of HIE methods and examine the association between these methods and increased availability and use of patient information.

Materials and Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of 3208 nonfederal acute care hospitals in the 2019 American Hospital Association Information Technology Supplement.

Results
The median hospital obtained outside information through 4 methods. Hospitals that obtained data through a regional HIE organization were 2.2 times more likely to also obtain data via Direct using a health information service provider (HISP) than hospitals that did not (P &lt; .001). Hospitals in a single electronic health record (EHR) vendor network were no more or less likely to participate in a HISP or HIE. Six of 7 methods were associated with greater information availability. Only 4 of 7 methods (portals, interfaces, single vendor networks and multi-vendor networks but not access to outside EHR, regional exchange or Direct using a HISP) were associated with more frequent use of information, and single vendor networks were most strongly associated with more frequent use (odds ratio = 4.7, P &lt; .001).

Discussion
Adoption of some methods was correlated, indicating complementary use. Few methods were negatively correlated, indicating limited competition. Although information availability was common, low correlation with use indicated that challenges related to integration may be slowing use of information.

Conclusion
Complementarities between methods, and the role of integration in supporting information use, indicate the potential value of efforts aimed at ensuring exchange methods work well together, such as the Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement.
Salvage endoscopic resection for cT1N0M0 local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Nakajo Keiichiro , Yoda Yusuke , Yamashita Hiroki , Takashima Kenji , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Shinmura Kensuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Akimoto Tetsuo , Yano Tomonori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Salvage endoscopic resection is recommended when the local recurrence at primary site after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is localized and superficial. This retrospective study aimed to comparatively analyse the short-term outcomes and local control of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection versus salvage endoscopic mucosal resection for local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy.

Methods
A total of 96 patients who underwent initial salvage endoscopic resection for cT1N0M0 local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between December 1998 and August 2019 patients were assigned to either the salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (40 patients; 40 lesions) or salvage endoscopic mucosal resection (56 patients; 56 lesions) group. We evaluated the en bloc and R0 resection rates, severe adverse events and local failure rate after salvage endoscopic resection. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify risk factors of local failure after salvage endoscopic resection.

Results
The en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection group than in the salvage endoscopic mucosal resection group (95% versus 63%; P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in R0 resection rate between the two groups (73% versus 52%, P = 0.057). One patient (3%) in the salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection group had perforation. The 3-year cumulative local failure rate of salvage endoscopic mucosal resection was significantly higher than that of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (27% versus 5%, P = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, salvage endoscopic mucosal resection (hazard ratio: 2.7, P = 0.044) was the only independent risk factor of local failure after salvage endoscopic resection.

Conclusions
Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection is the effective treatment for local recurrence based on the short-term outcomes and local efficacy.
The ranging, habitat selection, and foraging ecology of an endangered small desert mammal, the sandhill dunnartSminthopsis psammophila
Authors: Riley Joanna , Heterick Brian , Zeale Matt R K , Turpin Jeff M , Jayatilaka Brynne , Jones Gareth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe conservation of threatened species often requires an examination of home range, foraging preferences, and diet. We used radio tracking, global positioning system data loggers, and fecal pellet analyses to study the nocturnal ecology of an endangered desert mammal, the sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila. Twenty-four individuals were tracked between 2015 and 2018. The mean home range area of S. psammophila was 70 ha (100% minimum convex polygon). Reproductive males had a mean home range of 148 ha, whereas the ranges of all other groups were comparatively smaller. Sminthopsis psammophila preferred dense, long unburned foraging habitats. There was no effect of weather (excluding extreme cold/rain) on nocturnal ranging behavior. Ants comprised a significant proportion of the diet of S. psammophila and S. hirtipes, whereas S. dolichura consumed a broader range of prey. By integrating foraging and dietary analyses, we provide new insights to improve the conservation management of one of Australia’s least studied but most threatened marsupials.
A Methodological Framework for Analyzing the Appearance and Duration of Media Effects
Authors: Thomas Fabian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Media effects have been studied for decades. However, it is still unclear how to assess the dynamic nature of media effects methodologically and analytically. Building on recent research on media effects and developments in statistical modeling, I present a methodological framework to provide a detailed analysis of media effect dynamics. To do so, I describe general patterns for the appearance and the duration of media effects and present statistical approaches to analyze them. Using artificial data, I illustrate how these statistical approaches can be applied to longitudinal data and show how they behave across different data scenarios. Further, extensions, limitations, and the theoretical contribution of the framework to the field of media effects research are discussed. In sum, the presented framework can be used to test various communication theories and can be combined with many research designs in order to identify patterns in the appearance and duration of media effects.
Oscillatory reconnection and waves driven by merging magnetic flux ropes in solar flares
Authors: Stewart J , Browning P K , Gordovskyy M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Oscillatory reconnection is a process that has been suggested to underlie several solar and stellar phenomena, and is likely to play an important role in transient events such as flares. Quasi-periodic pulsations in flare emissions may be a manifestation of oscillatory reconnection, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. In this paper, we present 2D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of two current-carrying magnetic flux ropes with an out-of-plane magnetic field undergoing oscillatory reconnection in which the two flux ropes merge into a single flux rope. We find that oscillatory reconnection can occur intrinsically without an external oscillatory driver during flux rope coalescence, which may occur both during large-scale coronal loop interactions and the merging of plasmoids in fragmented current sheets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that radially propagating non-linear waves are produced in the aftermath of flux rope coalescence, due to the post-reconnection oscillations of the merged flux rope. The behaviour of these waves is found to be almost independent of the initial out-of-plane magnetic field. It is estimated that the waves emitted through merging coronal loops and merging plasmoids in loop-top current sheets would have a typical phase speed of 90 and 900 km s−1, respectively. It is possible that the properties of the waves emitted during flux rope coalescence could be used as a diagnostic tool to determine physical parameters within a coalescing region.