bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-type ohmic contacts of MBenes with MoS2 for nanodevices and logic circuits
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Liu Jingyi , Jin Di , Tian Yumiao , Liu Xiaochun , Xie Yu , Du Fei , Gogotsi Yury , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Meng Xing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations and quantum transport simulations, we systematically investigate the possibility of using two-dimensional transition metal borides (MBenes) as electrodes for two-dimensional monolayer MoS2 via interfacial interactions, band bending, vertical Schottky barrier, tunneling probability, and lateral Schottky barrier. The weak interaction between the functionalized MBenes and MoS2 results in MoS2 retaining its original intrinsic properties while significantly reducing the Fermi level pinning effect; this, is perfectly consistent with the revised Schottky–Mott model after considering charge redistribution. Combined with band calculations and device local projection density of states, MoS2/TiBO, MoS2/TiBF, and MoS2/MoBO, either with the vertical hole Schottky barrier or the lateral hole Schottky barrier, are negative, forming p-type ohmic contacts. Our work provides theoretical guidance for constructing high-performance nanodevices and MoS2-based logic circuits for large-scale integrated circuits. We demonstrate the outstanding potential of MBenes as electrodes for nanodevices.
The role of Sn on microstructure, wear and corrosion properties of Al-5Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu-xSn alloy
Authors: Sadawy Mosaad , Metwally Hassan , Abd El-Aziz Hussein , Adbelkarim Ahmed , mohrez Waleed , Mashaal Heba , Kandil Amr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present investigation, Al-5Zn-2.5Mg - 1.6Cu -xSn (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt%) alloys were fabricated using melting and casting technique. The microstructures of the alloys were studied using optical, scanning electronic microscope/EDS and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion behaviour was performed using electrochemical measurements and immersion tests while the wear behaviour was carried out by pin-on-disc technique. The findings revealed that incorporating Sn to the Al-5Zn-2.5Mg alloy improved its corrosion and wear resistance due to refining the grains. The corrosion potentials shifted from −884 to −943,−955, −996,−1008 and −1012 mV (Ag / AgCl), while the coefficient of friction declined from 0.69 to 0.62 , 0.51 , 0.34, 0.29 and 0.22 with increment of Sn content from 0.0 to 0.2, 0.4. 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 wt%, respectively. On the other hand, the results illustrated that the wear rate diminished from 4.42 *10−3to 1.47 * 10−3(mm3/Nm) with increasing Sn from 0.0 to 1.0 wt%. Furthermore, the findings showed that increment of Sn content stimulated the uniform corrosion on the surface of alloys.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a self-supplementing dual-cavity plasma synthetic jet actuator
Authors: ZHENG Borui , ZHANG Qian , ZHAO Taifei , SONG Guozheng , CHEN Quanlong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe primary issue regarding the plasma synthetic jet actuator (PSJA) is its performance attenuation at high frequencies. To solve this issue, a self-supplementing, dual-cavity, plasma synthetic jet actuator (SD-PSJA) is designed, and the static properties of the SD-PSJA are investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The pressure measurement shows that the SD-PSJA has two saturation frequencies (1200 Hz and 2100 Hz), and the experimental results show that both the saturation frequencies decrease as the volume of the bottom cavity of the SD-PSJA increases. As the size of the supplement hole increases, the first saturation frequency increases continuously, while the second saturation frequency shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Numerical simulations show that the working process of the SD-PSJA is similar to that of the PSJA, but the volume of the cavity in the SD-PSJA is smaller than that of the PSJA; the SD-PSJA can supplement air to the top cavity through two holes, thus reducing the refresh time and effectively improving the jet intensity of the actuator at high frequencies.
Effective qubit dephasing induced by spectator-qubit relaxation
Authors: Jurcevic P , Govia L C G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In many leading architectures for quantum computing, it remains to be understood if we can equate single-qubit coherence times measured in isolation, to that of coherence times measured in multi-qubit devices. On a multi-qubit superconducting circuit platform we show an increase in the dephasing rate of a control qubit due to the spontaneous relaxation of spectator qubits coupled to the control qubit. We attribute this increased dephasing to random in time Z-phase kicks on the control qubit due to the interplay between spectator relaxation and the control-spectator ZZ-interaction. We measure the magnitude of this extra dephasing using Ramsey decay experiments, show how it can be corrected via dynamical decoupling pulse sequences, and demonstrate that randomized benchmarking is insensitive to the effect. Our experimental results are supported by a robust theoretical model that captures an arbitrary number of spectator qubits, and gives a simple, intuitive picture for the mechanism behind the enhanced dephasing.
Frequently Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Light Body-Weighted Resistance Activity Alters Psychobiological Responses to Acute Psychological Stress: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Chauntry Aiden J , Bishop Nicolette C , Hamer Mark , Paine Nicola J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUninterrupted prolonged sitting and exaggerated psychobiological reactivity to acute psychological stress are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity acutely lowers CVD risk markers under resting conditions.PurposeTo examine whether frequent interruptions to prolonged sitting with body-weighted resistance activity can acutely lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) and other cardiovascular (CV), inflammatory, and cortisol (secondary outcomes) responses to acute psychological stress.MethodsThis randomized crossover trial included 17 sedentary participants (9 men; mean ± SD age; 24.0 ± 0.5 years) who completed two conditions: (i) interrupting 4 hr of sitting with 4 min of light body-weighted resistance activity every 30-min (BREAK), and (ii) 4 hr of uninterrupted sitting (SIT). Following the BREAK and SIT intervention windows, CV, inflammatory, and cortisol markers were measured at rest, during stress tasks (8-min Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT] and 3-min cold pressor [CP]), and 45-min recovery periods.ResultsThere were main effects of time for CV parameters (SBP, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance [all p &lt; .001]), inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and cortisol (p &lt; .05) in response to stress. Time-by-condition interaction effects revealed that in the BREAK-condition there was lower SBP during immediate recovery from the CP (mean {95% confidence interval [CI]}: 127.2 [121.3, 133.4] vs 133.4 [125.5, 141.7] mmHg; p = .020), higher concentrations of plasma IL-6 45-min post-PASAT (2.70 [1.97, 3.70] vs 1.71 [1.32, 2.22] pg/mL; p = .010), and larger (nonsignificant) salivary cortisol concentrations 8-min post-CP (6.29 [4.60, 8.58] vs 3.97 [3.16, 4.99] nmol/L; p = .079).ConclusionsInterrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of light intensity body-weighted resistance activity alters psychobiological responses to acute psychological stress. Further research should explore the longer-term implications for CVD risk.
Subnational nominations and elections
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
“Subnational Nominations and Elections” examines how candidates are selected to run for office below the level of the presidency and how they run in general election campaigns. The importance of single-member districts, the ways in which electoral districts are drawn, the financing of elections, and the ways that campaigns are contested are each explored, though it is concluded that the overwhelmingly important factors in these elections are whether the president and party in power are popular and whether the electorate is satisfied with their performance. If they are, the status quo will be maintained. Incumbents of an unpopular party are, however, difficult to unseat.
The origins of anarchism
Authors: Prichard Alex 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the origins and development of anarchism as an ideology. It identifies key classical anarchists and explores their differences in terms of the unique local conditions and ideas that they were challenged to engage. Classical anarchist thought arose out of an engagement with the failures of the French Revolution, the experiences of slavery in the United States and Russia, and in response to the Utopian socialism of Robert Owen and others. Crucially, anarchists rejected the republican idea that freedom was only possible in the state. Anarchists argued that the state and private property were antithetical to freedom from domination, associating both with the enforcement of a new form of ‘wage slavery’.
Anarchism and the provision of public goods: health and policing
Authors: Prichard Alex 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anarchists argue that there is an alternative to the binary choice of nationalization and privatization of public goods: mutual aid. Mutual aid has underpinned human society in the absence of states for most of recorded human history and continues to underpin how most people get by in the world today. This chapter explores this anarchist argument in relation to the history and provision of public health and policing, exploring the history of both and how anarchists envision alternatives. The chapter begins with a general description of public goods, then moves to the history of non-state provision, before turning to anarchist experiments in public health and policing.
Anarchism and the provision of public goods: work and education
Authors: Prichard Alex 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anarchists, like the Marxists that followed them, argue that capitalism is an agreement between the propertied class and the state to exploit the labour of the people. This chapter looks at this political economy of labour and value, and shows how it is a critique of modern power. This is followed by a discussion of the anarchist alternatives: syndicalism and cooperativism. Anarchists have been educational innovators from the first stirrings in the writings of William Godwin, through to the Modern School movement. Extending the anarchist focus on equitable processes, the focus is on how to learn, not what to learn. Education is emancipation, for anarchists.
The History of Computing: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Swade Doron 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This book describes the central events, machines, and people in the history of computing, and traces how innovation has brought us from pebbles used for counting, to the modern age of the computer. It has a strong historiographical theme that offers a new perspective on how to understand the historical narratives we have constructed, and examines the unspoken assumptions that underpin them. It describes inventions, pioneers, milestone systems, and the context of their use. It starts with counting, and traces change through calculating aids, mechanical calculation, and automatic electronic computation, both digital and analogue. It shows how four threads—calculation, automatic computing, information management, and communications—converged to create the ‘information age’. It examines three master narratives in established histories that are used as aids to marshal otherwise unmanageable levels detail. The treatment is rooted in the principal episodes that make up canonical histories of computing.
Difference in the world
Authors: Belsey Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A familiar objection to poststructuralism is that it privileges words over things. Detractors pounce gleefully on Derrida’s hostage to fortune in Of Grammatology, translated as ‘There is nothing outside of the text’ [il n’y a pas de hors-texte]. ‘So deconstruction does disavow the world, after all,’ they gloat. ‘Poststructuralists are saying that materiality doesn’t exist outside our own heads. Any statements about the world are as valid as any others and poststructuralism is complicit with the post-truth age of lies, fake news, and alternative facts.’ In practice, however, the material world exercises determinations that language struggles to accommodate, and poststructuralists are more likely to see symbolization as inadequate than all-encompassing. Understood in context, Derrida’s statement doesn’t deny the world, or claim that nothing exists but textuality. Instead, it points to the limitations of texts. They cannot make present what they only represent or stand in for, but only subject it to differance (with an a). Nothing in Derrida’s account implies that the world does not exist or that there is only the signifier. This chapter addresses poststructuralism’s many accounts of the relationship between language and the world. It engages with the work of Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, Roland Barthes, Jean-François Lyotard, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, and Sarah Kofman in order to outline poststructuralism’s attention to the limits of language. Examples discussed include: the holocaust; the climate emergency; pandemics; animals; love; and 9/11.
LipidMS 3.0: an R-package and a web-based tool for LC-MS/MS data processing and lipid annotation
Authors: Alcoriza-Balaguer María Isabel , García-Cañaveras Juan Carlos , Ripoll-Esteve Francisco Javier , Roca Marta , Lahoz Agustín 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivation
LipidMS was initially envisioned to use fragmentation rules and data-independent acquisition (DIA) for lipid annotation. However, data-dependent acquisition (DDA) remains the most widespread acquisition mode for untargeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics. Here, we present LipidMS 3.0, an R package that not only adds DDA and new lipid classes to its pipeline but also the required functionalities to cover the whole data analysis workflow from pre-processing (i.e. peak-peaking, alignment and grouping) to lipid annotation.

Results
We applied the new workflow in the data analysis of a commercial human serum pool spiked with 68 representative lipid standards acquired in full scan, DDA and DIA modes. When focusing on the detected lipid standard features and total identified lipids, LipidMS 3.0 data pre-processing performance is similar to XCMS, whereas it complements the annotations returned by MS-DIAL, providing a higher level of structural information and a lower number of incorrect annotations. To extend and facilitate LipidMS 3.0 usage among less experienced R-programming users, the workflow is also implemented as a web-based application.

Availability and implementation
The LipidMS R-package is freely available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=LipidMS and as a website at http://www.lipidms.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
propeller:testing for differences in cell type proportions in single cell data
Authors: Phipson Belinda , Sim Choon Boon , Porrello Enzo R , Hewitt Alex W , Powell Joseph , Oshlack Alicia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-seq) has rapidly gained popularity over the last few years for profiling the transcriptomes of thousands to millions of single cells. This technology is now being used to analyse experiments with complex designs including biological replication. One question that can be asked from single cell experiments, which has been difficult to directly address with bulk RNA-seq data, is whether the cell type proportions are different between two or more experimental conditions. As well as gene expression changes, the relative depletion or enrichment of a particular cell type can be the functional consequence of disease or treatment. However, cell type proportion estimates from scRNA-seq data are variable and statistical methods that can correctly account for different sources of variability are needed to confidently identify statistically significant shifts in cell type composition between experimental conditions.ResultsWe have developed propeller, a robust and flexible method that leverages biological replication to find statistically significant differences in cell type proportions between groups. Using simulated cell type proportions data, we show that propeller performs well under a variety of scenarios. We applied propeller to test for significant changes in cell type proportions related to human heart development, ageing and COVID-19 disease severity.Availability and implementationThe propeller method is publicly available in the open source speckle R package (https://github.com/phipsonlab/speckle). All the analysis code for the article is available at the associated analysis website: https://phipsonlab.github.io/propeller-paper-analysis/. The speckle package, analysis scripts and datasets have been deposited at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7009042.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An actionable annotation scoring framework for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Koelmel Jeremy P , Xie Hongyu , Price Elliott J , Lin Elizabeth Z , Manz Katherine E , Stelben Paul , Paige Matthew K , Papazian Stefano , Okeme Joseph , Jones Dean P , Barupal Dinesh , Bowden John A , Rostkowski Pawel , Pennell Kurt D , Nikiforov Vladimir , Wang Thanh , Hu Xin , Lai Yunjia , Miller Gary W , Walker Douglas I , Martin Jonathan W , Godri Pollitt Krystal J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Omics-based technologies have enabled comprehensive characterization of our exposure to environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) as well as assessment of the corresponding biological responses at the molecular level (eg, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and genome). By systematically measuring personal exposures and linking these stimuli to biological perturbations, researchers can determine specific chemical exposures of concern, identify mechanisms and biomarkers of toxicity, and design interventions to reduce exposures. However, further advancement of metabolomics and exposomics approaches is limited by a lack of standardization and approaches for assigning confidence to chemical annotations. While a wealth of chemical data is generated by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), incorporating GC-HRMS data into an annotation framework and communicating confidence in these assignments is challenging. It is essential to be able to compare chemical data for exposomics studies across platforms to build upon prior knowledge and advance the technology. Here, we discuss the major pieces of evidence provided by common GC-HRMS workflows, including retention time and retention index, electron ionization, positive chemical ionization, electron capture negative ionization, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization spectral matching, molecular ion, accurate mass, isotopic patterns, database occurrence, and occurrence in blanks. We then provide a qualitative framework for incorporating these various lines of evidence for communicating confidence in GC-HRMS data by adapting the Schymanski scoring schema developed for reporting confidence levels by liquid chromatography HRMS (LC-HRMS). Validation of our framework is presented using standards spiked in plasma, and confident annotations in outdoor and indoor air samples, showing a false-positive rate of 12% for suspect screening for chemical identifications assigned as Level 2 (when structurally similar isomers are not considered false positives). This framework is easily adaptable to various workflows and provides a concise means to communicate confidence in annotations. Further validation, refinements, and adoption of this framework will ideally lead to harmonization across the field, helping to improve the quality and interpretability of compound annotations obtained in GC-HRMS.
Identification and characterization of a deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn)-specific aldolase from Sphingobacterium species
Authors: Nakagawa Takahiro , Iwaki Yuya , Wu Di , Hane Masaya , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is a group of acidic sugars with a 9-carbon backbone, and classified into 3 species based on the substituent group at C5 position: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn). In Escherichia coli, the sialate aldolase or N-acetylneuraminate aldolase (NanA) is known to catabolize these Sia species into pyruvate and the corresponding 6-carbon mannose derivatives. However, in bacteria, very little is known about the catabolism of Kdn, compared with Neu5Ac. In this study, we found a novel Kdn-specific aldolase (Kdn-aldolase), which can exclusively degrade Kdn, but not Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc, from Sphingobacterium sp., which was previously isolated from a Kdn-assimilating bacterium. Kdn-aldolase had the optimal pH and temperature at 7.0–8.0 and 50 °C, respectively. It also had the synthetic activity of Kdn from pyruvate and mannose. Site-specific mutagenesis revealed that N50 residue was important for the Kdn-specific reaction. Existence of the Kdn-aldolase suggests that Kdn-specific metabolism may play a specialized role in some bacteria.
A novel TcS allele conferring the high-theacrine and low-caffeine traits and having potential use in tea plant breeding
Authors: Zhong Hong , Wang Yi , Qu Fu-Rong , Wei Meng-Yuan , Zhang Chen-Yu , Liu Hao-Ran , Chen Liang , Yao Ming-Zhe , Jin Ji-Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) is a natural product with remarkable pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, sedative and hypnotic activities, while caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) has certain side effects to special populations. Hence, breeding tea plants with high theacrine and low caffeine will increase tea health benefits and promote consumption. In this study, we construct an F1 population by crossing ‘Zhongcha 302’ (theacrine-free) and a tea germplasm ‘Ruyuan Kucha’ (RY, theacrine-rich) to identify the causal gene for accumulating theacrine. The results showed that the content of theacrine was highly negatively correlated with caffeine (R2 &gt; 0.9). Bulked segregant RNA sequencing analysis, molecular markers and gene expression analysis indicated that the theacrine synthase (TcS) gene was the candidate gene. The TcS was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the theacrine can be detected in stably genetic transformed tobacco by feeding the substrate 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid. Moreover, an in vitro enzyme activity experiment revealed that the 241st amino acid residue was the key residue. Besides, we amplified the promoter region in several tea accessions with varied theacrine levels, and found a 234-bp deletion and a 271-bp insertion in RY. Both GUS histochemical analysis and dual-luciferase assay showed that TcS promoter activity in RY was relatively high. Lastly, we developed a molecular marker that is co-segregate with high-theacrine individuals in RY’s offspring. These results demonstrate that the novel TcS allele in RY results in the high-theacrine and low-caffeine traits and the developed functional marker will facilitate the breeding of characteristic tea plants.