bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coresidence increases the risk of testing positive for COVID-19 among older Brazilians
Authors: Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond , Quashie Nekehia T. , Schwartzman Luisa Farah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Brazil is among the countries hit hardest by COVID-19, and older adults are among the vulnerable groups. Intergenerational coresidence and interdependence among family members, both prevalent in Brazil, likely increase social and physical contact and thus potential infection.

Methods
Using nationally representative data from the COVID-19 module of the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios), collected between July and November of 2020, we examined the association between living arrangements and exposure to and testing for COVID-19 among 63,816 Brazilians aged 60 years and older. We examine whether living arrangements influence self-reported COVID-19 symptoms as an indicator of subjective health assessment, testing as an indicator of health care service use, and a positive COVID-19 test result as an objective indicator of exposure to the disease.

Results
Living arrangements shape older adults’ vulnerabilities to COVID-19 exposure and testing. Specifically, those living alone were more likely to report having symptoms and having had a test for COVID-19. However, older adults in multigenerational and skipped generation households were more likely than solo-dwellers to test positive for COVID-19. Those with symptoms were more likely to test, regardless of their living arrangement. Among older adults without symptoms, those living alone had a higher probability of testing than those living in multigenerational or skipped-generation households.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings suggest that coresidence with younger family members puts older adults’ health at risk in the context of COVID-19. As younger Brazilians are increasingly vulnerable to COVID-19 and experiencing severe outcomes, policy makers need to be more attentive to the health needs of households that comprise older and younger cohorts, which are also more prevalent in poor and marginalized segments of the population.
Persistent, new-onset symptoms and mental health complaints in Long COVID in a Brazilian cohort of non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo , da Cunha Thaylise Ramalho , dos Santos Silva Letícia Dias , Ferreira Clarisse Santos , Silva Caroline Pena , Ribeiro Adriana Pinheiro , de Castro Moreira Santos Júnior Agenor , de Paula Brandão Pedro Renato , Silva Andrezza Paula Brito , da Rocha Márcia Cristina Oliveira , Xavier Mary-Ann Elvina , Titze-de-Almeida Simoneide Souza , Shimizu Helena Eri , Delgado-Rodrigues Raimundo Nonato 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections lead to acute- and chronic Long COVID (LC) symptoms. However, few studies have addressed LC sequelae on brain functions. This study was aimed to examine if acute symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would persist during LC, and if memory problems would be correlated with sleep, depressive mood, or anxious complaints.

Methods
Our work followed a cohort of 236 patients from two public hospitals of the Federal District in mid-western Brazil. Patients’ interviews checked for clinical symptoms during acute and LC (5–8 months after real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR).

Results
Most cases were non-hospitalized individuals (86.3%) with a median age of 41.2 years. While myalgia (50%), hyposmia (48.3%), and dysgeusia (45.8%) were prevalent symptoms in acute phase, fatigue (21.6%) followed by headache (19.1%) and myalgia (16.1%) commonly occurred during LC. In LC, 39.8% of individuals reported memory complaints, 36.9% felt anxious, 44.9% felt depressed, and 45.8% had sleep problems. Furthermore, memory complaints were associated with sleep problems (adjusted OR 3.206; 95% CI 1.723–6.030) and depressive feelings (adjusted OR 3.981; 95% CI 2.068–7.815).

Conclusions
The SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to persistent symptoms during LC, in which memory problems may be associated with sleep and depressive complaints.
Detection of Clostridioides difficile toxin B gene: benefits of identifying gastrointestinal pathogens by mPCR assay in the diagnosis of diarrhea in pediatric patients
Authors: Byun Jung-Hyun , Yong Dongeun , Kim Heejung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In the pediatric population, severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) sometimes occurs, but most cases are asymptomatic. The asymptomatic carriage rate in pediatric populations is reportedly higher than in the adult population. It is difficult to diagnose CDI, even if C. difficile is detected in children with diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the positivity rate of toxigenic C. difficile in the pediatric population with diarrhea.

Methods
We collected and retrospectively analyzed gastrointestinal pathogen multiplex PCR results of 960 patients to estimate the positivity rate of toxigenic C. difficile in pediatric populations aged between 0 and 18 years.

Results
The overall rate of C. difficile toxin B positivity was 10.1% in the stool samples. The positivity rate peaked in 1-year-old infants (29/153, 19.0%) and continually decreased thereafter. The positivity rate we observed was lower than the rates described in the literature. Remarkably, no C. difficile was detected in neonates. Antibiotic usage was inversely related to the positivity rate, especially in infants < 2 years of age. The odds ratio of antibiotics was 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–0.68; P < 0.001). The presence of concomitant gastrointestinal pathogens was not associated with toxigenic C. difficile positivity.

Conclusions
Even though toxigenic C. difficile infection is neither an important nor a common cause of pediatric diarrhea, children can spread it to adults at risk of developing CDI. The pediatric population can act as hidden reservoirs for pathogenic strains in the community.
Prenatal diagnosis of a 46,XY karyotype female fetus with an SRY-associated gonadal dysgenesis, conceived through an intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a case report
Authors: Zhytnik Lidiia , Peters Maire , Tilk Kadi , Reimand Tiia , Ilisson Piret , Kahre Tiina , Murumets Ülle , Ehrenberg Aivar , Ustav Eva-Liina , Tõnisson Neeme , Mölder Signe , Teder Hindrek , Krjutškov Kaarel , Salumets Andres 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Permanent progression of paternal age and development of reproductive medicine lead to increase in number of children conceived with assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Although it is uncertain if ARTs have direct influence on offspring health, advanced paternal age, associated comorbidities and reduced fertility possess significant risks of genetic disorders to the offspring.
With a broad implementation of a non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), more cases of genetic disorders, including sex discordance are revealed. Among biological causes of sex discordance are disorders of sexual development, majority of which are associated with the SRY gene.

Case presentation
We report a case of a non-invasive prenatal testing and ultrasound sex discordance in a 46,XY karyotype female fetus with an SRY pathogenic variant, who was conceived through an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to severe oligozoospermia of the father.
Advanced mean age of ICSI patients is associated with risk of de novo mutations and monogenic disorders in the offspring. Additionally, ICSI patients have higher risk to harbour infertility-predisposing mutations, including mutations in the SRY gene. These familial and de novo genetic factors predispose ICSI-conceived children to congenital malformations and might negatively affect reproductive health of ICSI-patients’ offspring.

Conclusions
Oligozoospermic patients planning assisted reproduction are warranted to undergo genetic counselling and testing for possible inherited and mosaic mutations, and risk factors for de novo mutations.
Impact of the fear of Covid-19 infection on intent to breastfeed; a cross sectional survey of a perinatal population in Qatar
Authors: Reagu Shuja Mohd , Abuyaqoub Salwa , Babarinsa Isaac , Kader Nisha Abdul , Farrell Thomas , Lindow Stephen , Elhassan Nahid M. , Ouanes Sami , Bawazir Noor , Adnan Anum , Hussain Dina , Boumedjane Malika , Alabdulla Majid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Infection control measures during the Covid-19 pandemic have focused on limiting physical contact and decontamination by observing cleaning and hygiene rituals. Breastfeeding requires close physical contact and observance of hygienic measures like handwashing. Worries around contamination increase during the perinatal period and can be expressed as increase in obsessive compulsive symptoms. These symptoms have shown to impact breastfeeding rates. This study attempts to explore any relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and perinatal obsessive–compulsive symptomatology and whether the Covid-19 pandemic has any impact on intent to breastfeed.

Methods
A cross sectional survey of perinatal women attending largest maternity centre in Qatar was carried out during the months of October to December 2020. Socio-demographic information, intent to breastfeed and information around obsessive compulsive thoughts around Covid-19 pandemic were collected using validated tools.

Results
15.7% respondents report intent to not breastfeed. 21.4% respondents reported obsessive–compulsive symptoms. 77.3% respondents believed the biggest source of infection was from others while as only 12% of the respondents believed that the source of infection was through breastfeeding and 15.7% believed the vertical transmission as the main source of risk of transmission.

Conclusions
The rates of Obsessive–compulsive symptoms were increased and the rates of intent to breastfeed were decreased when compared with pre pandemic rates. The obsessive–compulsive symptoms and the intent to not breastfeed were significantly associated with fear of infection to the new-born.
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms were not significantly correlated with intent to breastfeed and can be seen as adaptive strategies utilized by women to continue breastfeeding in the context of fear of infection.
Longitudinal minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma patients in complete remission – results from the NMSG flow-MRD substudy within the EMN02/HO95 MM trial
Authors: Schmitz Alexander , Brøndum Rasmus Froberg , Johnsen Hans Erik , Mellqvist Ulf-Henrik , Waage Anders , Gimsing Peter , op Bruinink Davine Hofste , van der Velden Vincent , van der Holt Bronno , Hansson Markus , Andersen Niels Frost , Frølund Ulf Christian , Helleberg Carsten , Schjesvold Fredrik H. , Ahlberg Lucia , Gulbrandsen Nina , Andreasson Bjorn , Lauri Birgitta , Haukas Einar , Bødker Julie Støve , Roug Anne Stidsholt , Bøgsted Martin , Severinsen Marianne T. , Gregersen Henrik , Abildgaard Niels , Sonneveld Pieter , Dybkær Karen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease with multiple relapses due to residual myeloma cells in the bone marrow of patients after therapy. Presence of small number of cancer cells in the body after cancer treatment, called minimal residual disease, has been shown to be prognostic for progression-free and overall survival. However, for multiple myeloma, it is unclear whether patients attaining minimal residual disease negativity may be candidates for treatment discontinuation. We investigated, if longitudinal flow cytometry-based monitoring of minimal residual disease (flow-MRD) may predict disease progression earlier and with higher sensitivity compared to biochemical assessments.

Methods
Patients from the Nordic countries with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma enrolled in the European-Myeloma-Network-02/Hovon-95 (EMN02/HO95) trial and undergoing bone marrow aspiration confirmation of complete response, were eligible for this Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG) substudy. Longitdudinal flow-MRD assessment of bone marrow samples was performed to identify and enumerate residual malignant plasma cells until observed clinical progression.

Results
Minimal residual disease dynamics were compared to biochemically assessed changes in serum free light chain and M-component. Among 20 patients, reaching complete response or stringent complete response during the observation period, and with ≥3 sequential flow-MRD assessments analysed over time, increasing levels of minimal residual disease in the bone marrow were observed in six cases, preceding biochemically assessed disease and clinical progression by 5.5 months and 12.6 months (mean values), respectively. Mean malignant plasma cells doubling time for the six patients was 1.8 months (95% CI, 1.4–2.3 months). Minimal malignant plasma cells detection limit was 4 × 10–5.

Conclusions
Flow-MRD is a sensitive method for longitudinal monitoring of minimal residual disease dynamics in multiple myeloma patients in complete response. Increasing minimal residual disease levels precedes biochemically assessed changes and is an early indicator of subsequent clinical progression.

Trial registration
NCT01208766
Polymorphisms in autophagy genes are genetic susceptibility factors in glioblastoma development
Authors: Bueno-Martínez E. , Lara-Almunia M. , Rodríguez-Arias C. , Otero-Rodríguez A. , Garfias-Arjona S. , González-Sarmiento R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Many genetic, epigenetic and genomic mutations have been identified in this tumor, but no driving cause has been identified yet for glioblastoma pathogenesis. Autophagy has proved to be deregulated in different diseases such as cancer where it has a dual role, acting as a tumor suppression mechanism during the first steps of tumor development and promoting cancer cells survival in stablished tumors.

Methods
Here, we aimed to assess the potential association between several candidate polymorphisms in autophagy genes (ATG2B rs3759601, ATG16L1 rs2241880, ATG10 rs1864183, ATG5 rs2245214, NOD2 rs2066844 and rs2066845) and glioblastoma susceptibility.

Results
Our results showed a significant correlation between ATG2B rs3759601, ATG10 rs1864183 and NOD2 rs2066844 variants and higher risk to suffer glioblastoma. In addition, the relationship between the different clinical features listed in glioblastoma patients and candidate gene polymorphisms was also investigated, finding that ATG10 rs1864183 might be a promising prognosis factor for this tumor.

Conclusions
This is the first report evaluating the role of different variants in autophagy genes in modulating glioblastoma risk and our results emphasize the importance of autophagy in glioblastoma development.
Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 inhibits A549 cells migration through casein kinase 2α intronless gene and neutral endopeptidase
Authors: Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar , Meitei Puyam Milan , Machathoibi Takhellambam Chanu , Singh Naorem Tarundas , Singh Thiyam Ramsing , Singh Lisam Shanjukumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We have previously reported that a new intronless gene for casein kinase 2α (CK2α), CSNK2A3, is expressed in human cells. The promoter of the well-known CK2α, CSNK2A1, displays characteristics of a housekeeping gene, whereas CSNK2A3 has a characteristic of a regulated promoter with two TATA boxes and a CAAT box. GPR68, a family of the G protein-coupled receptors, is also known as ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1). In the current study, we analyzed the roles of CK2α genes and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), a key enzyme that influences a variety of malignancies, in the OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration.

Methods
We analyzed the transcript expressions of both the CK2α genes (CSNK2A1 and CSNK2A3) and NEP upon OGR1 overexpression. Protein expression of CK2α and NEP were also analyzed. We further elucidated the functional roles of both CK2α and NEP in the OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration in vitro using a wound-healing assay. We also analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in the OGR1-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell migration.

Results
The findings of this study showed that OGR1 upregulated the expression of CSNK2A3 but not CSNK2A1 in the A549 cells. The findings further suggested OGR1 also upregulates the expression of NEP. The OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration was abrogated completely by inhibition of CK2α activity, whereas partial abrogation (~ 30%) was observed in the presence of NEP inhibition. The results also revealed that OGR1 regulates CSNK2A3 via activation of Rac1/cdc42 and MAPKs pathways. CK2 is ubiquitously expressed, and in contrast, is believed to be a constitutively active enzyme, and its regulation appears to be independent of known second messengers.

Conclusion
In the current study, we report for the first time the OGR1-induced regulation of CSNK2A3, CK2αP, and NEP in A549 cancer cells. Our study also decoded the downstream cellular proteins of OGR1 as well as the molecular mechanism involved in OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration. The findings of this research suggest the potential therapeutic targets to inhibit lung cancer progression.
Towards optimal treatment selection for borderline personality disorder patients (BOOTS): a study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Wibbelink Carlijn J. M. , Arntz Arnoud , Grasman Raoul P. P. P. , Sinnaeve Roland , Boog Michiel , Bremer Odile M. C. , Dek Eliane C. P. , Alkan Sevinç Göral , James Chrissy , Koppeschaar Annemieke M. , Kramer Linda , Ploegmakers Maria , Schaling Arita , Smits Faye I. , Kamphuis Jan H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Specialized evidence-based treatments have been developed and evaluated for borderline personality disorder (BPD), including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Schema Therapy (ST). Individual differences in treatment response to both ST and DBT have been observed across studies, but the factors driving these differences are largely unknown. Understanding which treatment works best for whom and why remain central issues in psychotherapy research. The aim of the present study is to improve treatment response of DBT and ST for BPD patients by a) identifying patient characteristics that predict (differential) treatment response (i.e., treatment selection) and b) understanding how both treatments lead to change (i.e., mechanisms of change). Moreover, the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of DBT and ST will be evaluated.

Methods
The BOOTS trial is a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in a routine clinical setting in several outpatient clinics in the Netherlands. We aim to recruit 200 participants, to be randomized to DBT or ST. Patients receive a combined program of individual and group sessions for a maximum duration of 25 months. Data are collected at baseline until three-year follow-up. Candidate predictors of (differential) treatment response have been selected based on the literature, a patient representative of the Borderline Foundation of the Netherlands, and semi-structured interviews among 18 expert clinicians. In addition, BPD-treatment-specific (ST: beliefs and schema modes; DBT: emotion regulation and skills use), BPD-treatment-generic (therapeutic environment characterized by genuineness, safety, and equality), and non-specific (attachment and therapeutic alliance) mechanisms of change are assessed. The primary outcome measure is change in BPD manifestations. Secondary outcome measures include functioning, additional self-reported symptoms, and well-being.

Discussion
The current study contributes to the optimization of treatments for BPD patients by extending our knowledge on “Which treatment – DBT or ST – works the best for which BPD patient, and why?”, which is likely to yield important benefits for both BPD patients (e.g., prevention of overtreatment and potential harm of treatments) and society (e.g., increased economic productivity of patients and efficient use of treatments).

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register, NL7699, registered 25/04/2019 - retrospectively registered.
Radiation recall pneumonitis triggered by an immune checkpoint inhibitor following re-irradiation in a lung cancer patient: a case report
Authors: Ye Xianghua , Yang Jinsong , Stebbing Justin , Peng Ling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is unpredictable but associated with severe radiation damage in previously irradiated fields. Chemotherapy and targeted drugs have been reported to contribute to RRP. Here we report a case of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed RRP following administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) 18 months after the end of re-irradiation.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post-operatively. He underwent thoracic re-irradiation for oligometastatic NSCLC. On second recurrence, pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel were administered. After six months, he developed symptoms of persistent cough and dyspnea, with consistent pneumonitis on CT images. The clinical time frame and significant radiographic evidence raised suspicion for RRP. Symptoms resolved after steroids.

Conclusions
RRP is a rare occurrence. Patients undergoing immunotherapy after prior irradiation may be at increased risk of this rare radiation pneumonitis.
The comparison of dexamethasone and triamcinolone periarticular administration in total knee arthroplasty: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oshima Atsufumi , Hatayama Kazuhisa , Terauchi Masanori , Kakiage Hibiki , Hashimoto Shogo , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative periarticular injection of corticosteroid effectively reduces perioperative pain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, which corticosteroid is most effective for intraoperative periarticular injection remains controversial. We compared the effects of corticosteroids between dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide periarticular administration for reducing pain and postoperative nausea and increasing fasting blood glucose concentrations during the perioperative period following TKA.

Methods
One hundred and two patients who underwent TKA from August 2018 to September 2020 were divided into two groups: one received 10 mg dexamethasone for intraoperative periarticular injection and another receiving 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Postoperative pain scores at rest and during walking and nausea scores were recorded using a 0-to-10 Numerical Rating Scale. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting blood glucose levels were measured pre- and postoperatively.

Results
Pain scores in the triamcinolone group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone group at rest 7 days postoperatively (1.5 vs. 2.0; p = 0.046) and while walking at both 72 h (3.9 vs. 4.8; p = 0.008) and 7 days postoperatively (3.2 vs. 4.0; p = 0.03). The CRP levels in the triamcinolone group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone group at 7 days postoperatively (1.6 mg/dl vs. 3.0 mg/dl: p < 0.001). The fasting blood glucose levels at 1 day postoperatively were increased in both groups but not significantly different between the groups. No significant differences in the nausea score were noted between the groups.

Conclusions
Triamcinolone acetonide periarticular administration provided greater pain relief by reducing inflammation to a greater degree than dexamethasone.