bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of phenanthrene on physiological performance of Chlorella vulgaris and Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Jiang Lele , Pan Yueqiang , Zhu Shaoting , Qiu Jingmin , Shang Yu , Xu Juntian , Li Futian , Wang Hongbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on phytoplankton have been extensively documented, but there is limited knowledge about the physiological responses of marine primary producers to phenanthrene at environmentally relevant levels. Here, we investigated the toxicity of phenanthrene (0, 1, and 5 or 10 μg L−1) to the physiological performance of two cosmopolitan phytoplankton species: the green alga Chlorella vulgaris and bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates of both species were remarkably inhibited at both low (1 μg L−1) and high phenanthrene concentrations (5 or 10 μg L−1), while their tolerance to phenanthrene differed. At the highest phenanthrene concentration (10 μg L−1), the growth of C. vulgaris was inhibited by 69%, and no growth was observed for S. costatum cells. The superoxide dismutase activity of both species was enhanced at high phenanthrene concentration, and increased activity of catalase was only observed at high phenanthrene concentration in C. vulgaris. Interestingly, the low phenanthrene concentration stimulated the photosynthetic and relative electron transport rates of S. costatum, whereas hormetic effects were not found for growth. Based on our results, phenanthrene could be detrimental to these two species at a environmentally relevant level, while different tolerance levels were detected.
Expression of cardiovascular-related microRNAs is altered in L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficient mice
Authors: Jensen Märit , Müller Christian , Hübner Norbert , Patone Giannino , Saar Kathrin , Choe Chi-un , Schwedhelm Edzard , Zeller Tanja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn humans and mice, L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). The underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms, however, remain unclear. To identify potential pathways of cardiac AGAT metabolism, we sequenced microRNA (miRNA) in left ventricles of wild-type (wt) compared to AGAT-deficient (AGAT-/-) mice. Using literature search and validation by qPCR, we identified eight significantly regulated miRNAs in AGAT-/- mice linked to atherosclerosis, MI and HF: miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-135a, miR-148a, miR-204, miR-298, and let-7i. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data confirmed deregulation of these miRNAs in mouse models of MI and HF. Quantification of miRNA expression by qPCR in AGAT-/- mice supplemented with creatine or hArg revealed that miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-148a, and miR-204 were regulated by creatine, while miR-135a and miR-298 showed a trend of regulation by hArg. Finally, bioinformatics-based target prediction showed that numerous AGAT-dependent genes previously linked to CVD are likely to be regulated by the identified miRNAs. Taken together, AGAT deficiency and hArg/creatine supplementation are associated with cardiac miRNA expression which may influence cardiac (dys)function and CVD.
Tracing the invasion of a leaf-mining moth in the Palearctic through DNA barcoding of historical herbaria
Authors: Kirichenko Natalia I. , Zakharov Evgeny V. , Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lime leaf-miner, Phyllonorycter issikii is an invasive micromoth with an unusually higher number of haplotypes in the invaded area (Europe, Western Siberia) compared to its putative native region (East Asia). The origin of the genetic diversity in the neocolonized region remains unclear. We surveyed over 15 thousand herbarium specimens of lime trees (Tilia spp.) collected across the Palearctic over a period of 252 years (1764–2016) looking for preserved larvae within the archival leaf mines. We found 203 herbarium specimens with leaf mines of Ph. issikii collected in East Asia, one of them dating back to 1830, i.e. 133 years before the description of the species. In contrast, only 22 herbarium specimens collected in the West Palearctic in the last three decades (1987–2015) carried leaf mines. DNA barcoding of archival specimens revealed 32 haplotypes out of which 23 were novel (not known from modern populations) and found exclusively in East Asia. Six haplotypes are shared between both native and invaded areas and only two were responsible for the recent invasion of the Western Palearctic. The remarkable number of newly discovered haplotypes in archival populations supports East Asia as the native region and the source area of invasion.
Different controls on the Hg spikes linked the two pulses of the Late Ordovician mass extinction in South China
Authors: Qiu Zhen , Wei Hengye , Tian Li , Corso Jacopo Dal , Zhang Jiaqiang , Zou Caineng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME, ca. 445 Ma; Hirnantian stage) is the second most severe biological crisis of the entire Phanerozoic. The LOME has been subdivided into two pulses (intervals), at the beginning and the ending of the Hirnantian glaciation, the LOMEI-1 and LOMEI-2, respectively. Although most studies suggest a rapid cooling and/or oceanic euxinia as major causes for this mass extinction, the driver of these environmental changes is still debated. As other Phanerozoic’s mass extinctions, extensive volcanism may have been the potential trigger of the Hirnantian glaciation. Indirect evidence of intense volcanism comes from Hg geochemistry: peaks of Hg concentrations have been found before and during the LOME, and have all been attributed to global volcanism in origin. Here, we present high-resolution mercury (Hg) profiles in three study sections, from a shelf to slope transect, on the Yangtze Shelf Sea (South China) to address the origin of Hg anomalies across the Ordovician–Silurian (O–S) boundary. The results show Hg anomaly enrichments in the middle Katian, late Katian, the LOMEI-1 at the beginning of the Hirnantian glaciation, the LOMEI-2 in the late Hirnantian glaciation, and late Rhuddanian. The Hg anomaly enrichments during the middle–late Katian and late Rhuddanian would probably reflect a volcanic origin. We find two different controls on the recorded Hg anomalies during the extinction time: i.e., primarily volcanism for the Hg anomaly at the LOMEI-1 and euxinia for the Hg anomaly at the LOMEI-2. Expansion of euxinia at the LOMEI-1 would have been probably enhanced by volcanic fertilization via weathering of volcanic deposits during the Middle and late Katian, and combined with euxinia at the LOMEI-2 to finally be responsible for the two pulses of the LOME.
AXL inhibition improves BRAF-targeted treatment in melanoma
Authors: Nyakas Marta , Fleten Karianne Giller , Haugen Mads Haugland , Engedal Nikolai , Sveen Christina , Farstad Inger Nina , Flørenes Vivi Ann , Prasmickaite Lina , Mælandsmo Gunhild Mari , Seip Kotryna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMore than half of metastatic melanoma patients receiving standard therapy fail to achieve a long-term survival due to primary and/or acquired resistance. Tumor cell ability to switch from epithelial to a more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype, attributed with AXLhigh molecular profile in melanoma, has been recently linked to such event, limiting treatment efficacy. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the AXL inhibitor (AXLi) BGB324 alone or in combination with the clinically relevant BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) vemurafenib. Firstly, AXL was shown to be expressed in majority of melanoma lymph node metastases. When treated ex vivo, the largest reduction in cell viability was observed when the two drugs were combined. In addition, a therapeutic benefit of adding AXLi to the BRAF-targeted therapy was observed in pre-clinical AXLhigh melanoma models in vitro and in vivo. When searching for mechanistic insights, AXLi was found to potentiate BRAFi-induced apoptosis, stimulate ferroptosis and inhibit autophagy. Altogether, our findings propose AXLi as a promising treatment in combination with standard therapy to improve therapeutic outcome in metastatic melanoma.
Scientific success from the perspective of the strength of weak ties
Authors: Fronczak Agata , Mrowinski Maciej J. , Fronczak Piotr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present the first complete verification of Granovetter’s theory of social networks using a massive dataset, i.e. DBLP computer science bibliography database. For this purpose, we study a coauthorship network, which is considered one of the most important examples that contradicts the universality of this theory. We achieve this goal by rejecting the assumption of the symmetry of social ties. Our approach is grounded in well-established heterogeneous (degree-based) mean-field theory commonly used to study dynamical processes on complex networks. Granovetter’s theory is based on two hypotheses that assign different roles to interpersonal, information-carrying connections. The first hypothesis states that strong ties carrying the majority of interaction events are located mainly within densely connected groups of people. The second hypothesis maintains that these groups are connected by sparse weak ties that are of vital importance for the diffusion of information—individuals who have access to weak ties have an advantage over those who do not. Given the scientific collaboration network, with strength of directed ties measured by the asymmetric fraction of joint publications, we show that scientific success is strongly correlated with the structure of a scientist’s collaboration network. First, among two scientists, with analogous achievements, the one with weaker ties tends to have the higher h-index, and second, teams connected by such ties create more cited publications.
Generation of microbial colonies dataset with deep learning style transfer
Authors: Pawłowski Jarosław , Majchrowska Sylwia , Golan Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce an effective strategy to generate an annotated synthetic dataset of microbiological images of Petri dishes that can be used to train deep learning models in a fully supervised fashion. The developed generator employs traditional computer vision algorithms together with a neural style transfer method for data augmentation. We show that the method is able to synthesize a dataset of realistic looking images that can be used to train a neural network model capable of localising, segmenting, and classifying five different microbial species. Our method requires significantly fewer resources to obtain a useful dataset than collecting and labeling a whole large set of real images with annotations. We show that starting with only 100 real images, we can generate data to train a detector that achieves comparable results (detection mAP $$=0.416$$

=
0.416

, and counting MAE $$=4.49$$

=
4.49

) to the same detector but trained on a real, several dozen times bigger dataset (mAP $$=0.520$$

=
0.520

, MAE $$=4.31$$

=
4.31

), containing over 7 k images. We prove the usefulness of the method in microbe detection and segmentation, but we expect that it is general and flexible and can also be applicable in other domains of science and industry to detect various objects.
Digital approaches to enhancing community engagement in clinical trials
Authors: Tan Rayner K. J. , Wu Dan , Day Suzanne , Zhao Yang , Larson Heidi J. , Sylvia Sean , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDigital approaches are increasingly common in clinical trial recruitment, retention, analysis, and dissemination. Community engagement processes have contributed to the successful implementation of clinical trials and are crucial in enhancing equity in trials. However, few studies focus on how digital approaches can be implemented to enhance community engagement in clinical trials. This narrative review examines three key areas for digital approaches to deepen community engagement in clinical trials—the use of digital technology for trial processes to decentralize trials, digital crowdsourcing to develop trial components, and digital qualitative research methods. We highlight how digital approaches enhanced community engagement through a greater diversity of participants, and deepened community engagement through the decentralization of research processes. We discuss new possibilities that digital technologies offer for community engagement, and highlight potential strengths, weaknesses, and practical considerations. We argue that strengthening community engagement using a digital approach can enhance equity and improve health outcomes.
Driving spin chirality by electron dynamics in laser-excited antiferromagnets
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Freimuth Frank , Gomonay Olena , Blügel Stefan , Mokrousov Yuriy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite recent successes in the area of ultrafast manipulation of magnetic order, optical generation and manipulation of complex spin textures is hindered by an insufficient theoretical understanding of underlying processes. In particular an important aspect of subtle connection between the electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom is not properly accounted for in existing theories. Here, we uncover a distinct physical mechanism for imprinting spin chirality into collinear magnets with short laser pulses. By simultaneously treating the laser-ignited evolution of electronic structure and magnetic order, we show that their intertwined dynamics can result in an emergence of quasi-stable chiral states. We find that laser-driven chirality does not require any auxiliary external fields or intrinsic spin–orbit interaction to exist, and it can survive on the time scale of nanoseconds even in the presence of thermal fluctuations, which makes the uncovered mechanism relevant for understanding various optical experiments on magnetic materials. Our findings provide a more detailed perspective of the complex interactions which occur between chiral magnetism and light.
Ocean tides can drag the atmosphere and cause tidal winds over broad continental shelves
Authors: Renault Lionel , Marchesiello Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOceanic tides lead to some of the largest currents of the world ocean and have important implications for oceanic circulation. In the last decade, the feedback effect of surface currents on the overlying winds has been shown to strongly regulate the ocean circulation. Here we present evidence, using coupled high-resolution ocean-atmosphere simulations and in situ measurements, that ocean tides can drag the atmosphere above. The current-induced tidal winds expand across the atmospheric boundary layer, while dissipating tidal energy. They are likely present in many shelf regions of the world ocean, with an amplitude of about one-third of the underlying tidal currents, i.e., up to 1.5 ms−1. Consideration of surface tidal winds can have implications in areas ranging from climate modeling to wind farming.
The halo of M 105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations
Authors: Hartke J. , Arnaboldi M. , Gerhard O. , Coccato L. , Merrifield M. , Kuijken K. , Pulsoni C. , Agnello A. , Bhattacharya S. , Spiniello C. , Cortesi A. , Freeman K. C. , Napolitano N. R. , Romanowsky A. J. 
Published: March 2022

Context. M 105 (NGC 3379) is an early-type galaxy in the nearby Leo I group, the closest galaxy group to contain all galaxy types and therefore an excellent environment to explore the low-mass end of intra-group light (IGL) assembly.
Aims. We present a new and extended kinematic survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in M 105 and the surrounding 30′×30′ in the Leo I group with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (PN.S) to investigate kinematically distinct populations of PNe in the halo and the surrounding IGL.
Methods. We use PNe as kinematic tracers of the diffuse stellar light in the halo and IGL, and employ photo-kinematic Gaussian mixture models to (i) separate contributions from the companion galaxy NGC 3384, and (ii) associate PNe with structurally defined halo and IGL components around M 105.
Results. We present a catalogue of 314 PNe in the surveyed area and firmly associate 93 of these with the companion galaxy NGC 3384 and 169 with M 105. The PNe in M 105 are further associated with its halo (138) and the surrounding exponential envelope (31). We also construct smooth velocity and velocity dispersion fields and calculate projected rotation, velocity dispersion, and λR profiles for the different components. PNe associated with the halo exhibit declining velocity dispersion and rotation profiles as a function of radius, while the velocity dispersion and rotation of the exponential envelope increase notably at large radii. The rotation axes of these different components are strongly misaligned.
Conclusions. Based on the kinematic profiles, we identify three regimes with distinct kinematics that are also linked to distinct stellar population properties: (i) the rotating core at the centre of the galaxy (within 1Reff) formed in situ and is dominated by metal-rich ([M/H] ≈ 0) stars that also likely formed in situ, (ii) the halo from 1 to 7.5Reff consisting of a mixture of intermediate-metallicity and metal-rich stars ([M/H] > −1), either formed in situ or was brought in via major mergers, and (iii) the exponential envelope reaching beyond our farthest data point at 16Reff, predominately composed of metal-poor ([M/H] < −1) stars. The high velocity dispersion and moderate rotation of the latter are consistent with those measured for the dwarf satellite galaxies in the Leo I group, indicating that this exponential envelope traces the transition to the IGL.
Dilute phase oligomerization can oppose phase separation and modulate material properties of a ribonucleoprotein condensate
Authors: Seim Ian , Posey Ammon E. , Snead Wilton T. , Stormo Benjamin M. , Klotsa Daphne , Pappu Rohit V. , Gladfelter Amy S. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
A large subclass of biomolecular condensates are linked to RNA regulation and are known as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies. While extensive work has identified driving forces for biomolecular condensate formation, relatively little is known about forces that oppose assembly. Here, using a fungal RNP protein, Whi3, we show that a portion of its intrinsically disordered, glutamine-rich region modulates phase separation by forming transient alpha helical structures that promote the assembly of dilute phase oligomers. These oligomers detour Whi3 proteins from condensates, thereby impacting the driving forces for phase separation, the protein-to-RNA ratio in condensates, and the material properties of condensates. Our findings show how nanoscale conformational and oligomerization equilibria can influence mesoscale phase equilibria.
Laplacian on fuzzy de Sitter space
Authors: Brkić Bojana , Burić Maja , Latas Duško 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study details of geometry of noncommutative de Sitter space: we determine the Riemann and Ricci curvature tensors, the energy and the Laplacian. We find, in particular, that fuzzy de Sitter space is an Einstein space, R

ab
= −3ζη

ab
. The Laplacian, defined in the noncommutative frame formalism, is not Hermitian and gives nonunitary evolution. When symmetrically ordered, it has the usual quadratic form Δ = Π
a
Π
a
(when acting on functions in representation space,

Ψ
∈
H

): we find its eigenstates and discuss its spectrum. This result is a first step in a study of the scalar field Laplacian, Δ = [Π
a
, [Π
a
, ]], and its propagator.
Using zero-energy states to explore how external boundaries affect the number of bound states in a quantum well
Authors: Timberlake Todd K , Babione Sarah E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We use the condition for the existence of zero-energy eigenstates to examine how the number of bound (negative energy) states in a finite-width one-dimensional quantum well is altered by the introduction of boundaries outside of the well. We consider a variety of quantum wells including a finite square well, a triangular well, and sets of two to five Dirac delta wells. Each of these quantum wells is placed at the center of an infinite square well with variable width and the conditions for the existence of zero-energy eigenstates are determined analytically. The zero-energy conditions (ZEC) form curves in the parameter space that separate regions with different numbers of bound states. Moving across one of these curves changes the number of bound states by one. We find that, for the systems studied, introducing external boundaries changes the number of bound states by at most two. This work illustrates the usefulness of the ZEC as a tool for studying how the number of bound states in a quantum well depends on the system parameters.
Development of a piezoelectric pump with unfixed valve
Authors: Fan Yiwen , Zhao Weixian , Zhang Xinfeng , Yu Xingjian , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric pump, driven by piezoelectric actuator, is one of the most promising micropumps in compact system. However, the application of piezoelectric pump is limited by the check valve, which is not efficient enough and needs careful fixation. This work presents a novel design with unfixed check valve, which greatly simplifies the assembly of valve-based piezoelectric pump and improves the output performance. The valve is unfixed with a small gap to obtain variable stiffness at different working stages, making it open more quickly. The piezoelectric pumps with three different valve gaps were designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump with the unfixed valve shows a 25.6% flow rate improvement compared with the fixed check valve without reducing the output pressure. To reveal the mechanism of the flow rate improvement, we investigated the flow resistance and the volumetric efficiency of the piezoelectric pump. The results show that the unfixed valve increases the volumetric efficiency of the piezoelectric pump, which improves the flow rate. The prototype pump achieved the maximum output performance of 162 ml min−1 and 33 kPa. The power consumption was less than 100 mW, reaching a pump efficiency of 21.7%.
Unveiling ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in two dimensions at room temperature
Authors: Araujo Ravel de Moraes Telles , Zarpellon Juliana , Mosca Dante Homero 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work is to present an overview and a critical discussion on two-dimensional materials and functional nanostructures exhibiting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic long-range ordering at or above room temperature (RT). We specially describe and discuss the series of results concerning two-dimensional magnetism originated from intrinsic and induced d magnetic moments in low-dimensional nanostructured materials. Selected materials showing two-dimensional magnetic properties close to RT are classified as atomic monolayers, natural and artificial van der Waals layers, magneto-lamellar intermetallic compounds, and nanostructured materials containing native and artificially created defects that originate magnetic moments in networks with two-dimensional interconnectivity. To make the point on these materials, we describe their atomic and electronic structures as well as magnetic interaction mechanisms responsible for magnetic behavior. Theoretical backgrounds for understanding the correlations between structure and magnetic properties are examined. Special emphasis on the possible applications of two-dimensional magnetism for developments of new devices in the fields of spintronics, spin-orbitronics, magnonics, valleytronics and twistronics, among other emergent technologies are discussed.