bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization switching induced by domain wall sliding in two-dimensional ferroelectric monochalcogenides
Authors: Petralanda Urko , Olsen Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ability to switch between distinct states of polarization comprises the defining property of ferroelectrics. However, the microscopic mechanism responsible for switching is not well understood and theoretical estimates based on coherent monodomain switching typically overestimates experimentally determined coercive fields by orders of magnitude. In this work we present a detailed first principles characterization of domain walls (DWs) in two-dimensional ferroelectric GeS, GeSe, SnS and SnSe. In particular, we calculate the formation energies and migration barriers for 180∘ and 90∘ DWs, and then derive a general expression for the coercive field assuming that polarization switching is mediated by DW migration. We apply our approach to the materials studied and obtain good agreement with experimental coercive fields. The calculated coercive fields are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than those predicted from coherent monodomain switching in GeSe, SnS and SnSe. Finally, we study the optical properties of the compounds and find that the presence of 180∘ DWs leads to a significant red shift of the absorption spectrum, implying that the density of DWs may be determined by means of simple optical probes.
Analysis of ecological security evaluation and zoning threshold determination of typical energy industrial area based on PSR model
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Liyuan , Guo Wei , Yu Kanhua , Bo Ya’nan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ecological security is the main way to measure the effects of urbanization and industrialization in developing regions on the ecological environment. As an important coal chemical industry base in China, Taiyuan is located in the Loess Plateau, resulting in great pressure on the ecological environment. Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, this study selected 15 evaluation indicators to evaluate the ecological security of 10 counties(districts/city) in Taiyuan City. Using the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) method and GIS technology to simulate and analyze the ecological security distribution of this area, for the first time, the typical method and average method were used to divide the threshold of the ecological security level to achieve a more reasonable ecological security classification method. The results showed that from 2000 to 2016, the ecological security level of Taiyuan city and its surrounding areas was relatively low, mainly concentrated in Xinghualing, Yingze and Jiancaoping districts, while the ecological security level of Loufan county, Qingxu County, Gujiao city and Yangqu County was relatively high. Among these, energy mining and urbanization have had a relatively obvious impact on ecological security. It could provide more detailed ideas for the protection of ecological security in different areas and enrich the research on the ecological security of important coal chemical bases.
Magnetic couplings in edge-sharing high-spin d
7 compounds
Authors: Winter Stephen M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High-spin d
7 Co(II) compounds have recently been identified as possible platforms for realizing highly anisotropic and bond-dependent couplings featured in quantum-compass models such as the celebrated Kitaev model. In order to evaluate this potential, we consider all symmetry-allowed contributions to the magnetic exchange for ideal edge-sharing bonds. Though a combination of ab-initio and cluster many-body calculations we conclude that bond-dependent couplings are generally suppressed in favor of Heisenberg exchange for real materials. Consequences for several prominent materials including Na2Co2TeO6 and BaCo2(AsO4)2 are discussed.
Frequency-specific gaze modulation of emotional face processing in the human amygdala
Authors: Guex Raphael , Meaux Emilie , Mégevand Pierre , Domínguez-Borràs Judith , Seeck Margitta , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetermining the social significance of emotional face expression is of major importance for adaptive behavior, and gaze direction provides critical information in this process. The amygdala is implicated in both emotion and gaze processing, but how and when it integrates expression and gaze cues remains unresolved. We tackled this question using intracranial electroencephalography in epileptic patients to assess both amygdala (n = 12) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; n = 11) time-frequency evoked responses to faces with different emotional expressions and different gaze directions. As predicted, self-relevant threat signals (averted fearful and directed angry faces) elicited stronger amygdala activity than self-irrelevant threat (directed fearful and averted angry faces). Fear effects started at early latencies in both amygdala and OFC (~110 and 160 ms, respectively), while gaze direction effects and their interaction with emotion occurred at later latencies. Critically, the amygdala showed differential gamma band increases to fearful averted gaze (starting ~550 ms) and to angry directed gaze (~470 ms). Moreover, when comparing the 2 self-relevant threat conditions among them, we found higher gamma amygdala activity for averted fearful faces and higher beta OFC activity for angry directed faces. Together, these results reveal for the first time frequency-specific effects of emotion and gaze on amygdala and OFC neural activity.
165. DIVERSITY OF PERINEURAL INVASION AND THEIR PREDICTIVE ROLE IN PROGNOSIS OF ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Ma Yu , Wang Hongtao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is regarded as an important pathological feature of cancer invasion. The aim of this study was to explore the type of PNI and its impact on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Patients with ESCC who underwent surgical treatment at Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were included for the retrospective analysis. Postoperative specimens from all patients were evaluated for PNI using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and S100 immunohistochemistry (IHC). We determined the correlation between PNI status and clinical outcomes.
Among 349 ESCC cases, PNI was identified in 127 patients (36.3%), and four subtypes of PNI were identified. The median disease-free survival (DFS) of PNI-negative patients was 43.9 months, while that of PNI-positive patients was 19.9 months (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that PNI (P = 0.001) were independent factors affecting DFS of ESCC. Similarly, PNI-positive patients had poorer overall survival (OS) than PNI-negative patients (26.4 months vs 62.5 months, P &lt; 0.001). We also found that among the four subtypes of PNI, patients with PNI-a subtype had better DFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.002) than patients with the other three subtypes (PNI-b, c, d).
PNI is an important form of ESCC invasion. Its status is closely related to the factors of TNM staging and can be used as a supplement, especially for pN-negative patients. PNI is also an independent prognostic factor for ESCC, and it stratified analysis should be carried out for patients with ESCC.
172. THE MEDIASTINOSCOPIC RADICAL ESOPHAGECTOMY WITH A TRANS-BICERVICAL APPROACH USING INTRAOPERATIVE NERVE MONITORING (IOMN)
Authors: Tokairin Yutaka , Nagai Kagami , Shiobara Hiroyuki , Ando Masayuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We developed ‘mediastinoscopic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection’ (MELD), performed under pneumomediastinum via a trans-bicervical and transhiatal approach using cadavers. A clinical trial on the feasibility and safety of MELD showed it to be useful for complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. We report the indications and novel aspects of MELD.
MELD was indicated for patients of thoracic esophageal cancer without bulky primary lesions or lymph node metastases. MELD was performed in 16 patients. First, 101R and part of the 106recR lymph nodes were dissected in open surgery. After attaching an APS electrode for intraoperative nerve monitoring (IOMN) to the right vagus nerve, open surgery was changed to the pneumomediastinal method. The dorsal side of the esophagus was dissected along the visceral sheath. The 106tbL lymph nodes and the106recR lymph nodes were dissected using a right trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach. The 106recL lymph nodes were dissected using a left trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach.
The median pneumomediastinal operation time was 320 minutes. The median amount of bleeding was 230 mL, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 16 days. Regarding complications, eight patients developed recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (right, n = 3; left, n = 2; bilateral, n = 3), but no patients required conversion to thoracotomy, and no leakage, pneumonia, or operative deaths occurred. After incorporating the use of IOMN, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was drastically reduced recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was drastically decrease.
Previous clinical trials shown that MELD can retrieve the mediastinal lymph nodes at the same level as thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was reduced by IONM; thus, MELD is considered a feasible procedure for radical esophagectomy.
177. TORIPALIMAB COMBINATION WITH CHEMOTHERAPY AND SUBSEQUENT RADIATION IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE IV ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA，A PROSPECTIVE PHASE II STUDY (TR-EAT TRIAL)
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Lei Wei , Li Baisen , Liang Long , Wan Gang , Lang Jinyi , Li Tao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy combined with chemotherapy is safe and effective in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma; however, some patients still experience tumor progression and/or metastasis in short term. Whether and when the addition of radiotherapy to immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy improves the prognosis of patients with advanced/metastatic esophageal carcinoma needs to be investigated.
Patients with unresectable stage IV ESCC with oligometatsis were enrolled. The patients were treated with two cycles of toripalimab (240 mg d1,Q3w) combined with induction chemotherapy (paclitaxel 135–175 mg/m2,d1 + carboplatin AUC = 4–6,d1,Q3W), sequentially add the radiation (30–50 Gy in 15–25 fractions), SBRT for lung, liver and bone oligometasis followed by maintenance treatment with toripalimab (240 mg d1,Q3W) for 1 year. The primary objective is to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary objective is objective response rate (ORR), 2-year overall survival (OS) rates, the safety and tolerability of patients to treatment, and the identification of the changes in the healthrelated quality of life of patients.
Now, 23 and 22 patients were screened and enrolled. After two cycles of induction therapy, 18 patients were evaluated. The results showed complete response (CR) in 0 patients, partial response (PR) in 6, stable disease (SD) in 9 and progressive disease (PD) in 3(1/3 occured fistula). ORR was 33.3% and DCR was 83.3%. For patients with PR + SD underwent radiotherapy, 11 patients finished plan RT were evaluated. The results showed CR in 1 patient, PR in 8, SD in 2 and PD in 0. ORR was 81.8% and DCR was 100%. Most patients experienced only grade 1–2 adverse effects and laboratory abnormalities.
The interim analysis showed that the sequential radiotherapy significantly improve the ORR in the initial treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after the treatment with toripalimab combined with chemotherapy. The initial results are encouraging and the final results are to be expected.
182. LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED SINGLE-PORT MEDIASTINOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY CAN PROVIDE A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE SURGICAL OPTION FOR PATIENTS WITH SPECIFIC ESOPHAGEAL CANCERS
Authors: Wu Xiangwen , Li Wenhao , Gan Xiangfeng , Cao Qingdong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The majority of traditional minimally invasive esophagectomies are transthoracic esophagectomies. However, transthoracic esophagectomy is often difficult to perform in some patients with pulmonary insufficiency, severe pleural adhesions, chest deformities, and poor tolerance for single-lung ventilation. For this reason, we propose laparoscopic-assisted single-port mediastinoscopic esophagectomy as a potential surgical treatment for patients who are unsuitable for transthoracic esophagectomy. The goal of this study was to report the effectiveness and safety of its treatment.
This study retrospectively collected clinical data from hard-to-reach transthoracic patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted single-port mediastinoscopic esophagectomy at our center from October 2016 to August 2021 to report their perioperative treatment outcomes. Data for continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are expressed as n [%]. All data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software.
A total of 8 cases were included and all completed the surgery successfully. The average operating time was 266.14 min, the average intraoperative bleeding was 114.29 mL, the average number of lymph nodes obtained was 13.29, the average number of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph nodes was 3.14, the rate of RLN lymph nodes obtained was 75%, the average postoperative hospital stay was 22.29 days. Postoperative complications included type I vocal cord paralysis [37.5%], anastomotic leak [25%], pneumonia [12.5%], pleural effusion [25%], and type I Chyle Leak [12.5%], with no perioperative deaths. There was one recurrence and no death within 1 year postoperatively.
The results of this study suggest that laparoscopic-assisted single-port mediastinoscopic esophagectomy can provide a safe and effective treatment option for patients with esophageal cancer who have difficulty undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy and can achieve a more satisfactory short-term survival outcome.
183. IMPACTS OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ON THE IMMUNE LANDSCAPE OF ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Wen Jing , Fang Shuogui , Hu Yi , Xi Mian , Weng Zelin , Fu Jianhua , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (neoCRT) followed by surgery is the most common approach for locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated in tumor response to treatment. Here, we aimed to investigate the impacts of neoCRT on the complex immune landscape in ESCC TME.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were conducted to examine the neoCRT-driven cellular and molecular dynamics in ESCC samples obtained before and after neoCRT. Consensus non-negative matrix factorization analysis was applied to decipher coherent gene expression programs of tumor cells. Activities of pathways and transcription factors of individual cells were analyzed by gene set variation and gene regulatory network analyses, respectively. Cell fate tracing was inferred by RNA velocity analysis. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the changes of immune cells identified by scRNA-seq in another 25 pairs of pre- and post-neoCRT ESCC samples.
Expression programs of cell cycle, adhesion, stress response, and epithelial differentiation in pre-treatment tumor cells related to neoCRT response. Infiltration of CD8+ T cells with exhausted cells dominant increased in both major and minor responders after neoCRT. Treg cell differentiation decreased after neoCRT in major responders but increased in minor ones. NeoCRT promoted the maturation of cDC1s but decreased the number of cDC2s. Expression of M2 macrophage markers increased after neoCRT. Immune-related pathways were enriched at higher levels in CD8+ T cells and macrophages of major responders as compared to minor responders before neoCRT, which was reversed after neoCRT.
Our comprehensive picture of the neoCRT-related dynamic immune ecosystem provides deeper insights into immunological mechanisms associated with ESCC response to neoCRT, which may aid in future development of immune-strategies for improving ESCC treatment.
190. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESOPHAGECTOMY COMPLICATIONS CONSENSUS GROUP DEFINITIONS: THE BENEFITS OF SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE
Authors: Muir Duncan , Antonowicz Stefan , Whiting Jack , Low Donald , Maynard Nick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 2015 the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) reported consensus definitions for complications after oesophagectomy. This aimed to reduce variation in complication reporting, attributed to heterogeneous definitions. This systematic review aimed to describe the implementation of this definition-set, including the effect on complication frequency and variation.
A systematic literature review was performed, identifying all observational and randomised studies reporting complication frequencies after oesophagectomy since the ECCG publication. Recruitment periods before and subsequent to the index ECCG publication date were included. Coefficients of variance were calculated to assess outcome heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score.
Of 144 studies which met inclusion criteria, 70 (48.6%) used ECCG definitions. The median number of separately reported complication types was five per study; only one study reported all ECCG complications. The coefficients of variance of the reported frequencies of eight of the ten most common complications was reduced in ECCG adopting studies vs non-adopting studies (p = 0.036) (see Figure 1). Among ECCG studies, the frequencies of post-operative pneumothorax, re-intubation and pulmonary emboli were reduced in 2020–2021, compared to 2015–2019 (p = 0.006, 0.034 and 0.037 respectively). There was no difference in the quality of ECCG adopting studies and non-adopting studies.
The ECCG definition-set has reduced variation in oesophagectomy morbidity reporting. This adds greater confidence to the observed gradual improvement in outcomes with time, and its ongoing use and wider dissemination should be encouraged. However, only a handful of outcomes are widely reported, and only rarely is it used in its entirety.
191. THE IMPACT OF PREHABILITATION IN UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) CANCER UNDERWENT SURGERY
Authors: Shariff Ramizah , Jahit Mohammad Shukri , Chee Tee Sze , Harith Abdul Aziz , Shahabuddin Nurul Hannan , Adibi Saiyidah Adila Mohd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Major upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery always poses unique perioperative challenges and high post-surgical complications. Prehabilitation encompasses of exercise, nutrition and medical optimization prior to surgery. There is an emerging evidence to show prehabilitation plays a significant role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with major upper GI surgery by improving patient’s functional status. Its role in improving postoperative outcomes such as length of stay (LOS) is less established.
An interventional study conducted among oesophageal and gastric cancer patients who undergone oesophagectomy and gastrectomy surgery. All the preoperative patients are assessed by dietician and nutrition therapy will be intiated based on ESPEN guideline. A standard set of physical and breathing exercise are adopted. Study characteristics, ECOG status, handgrip, peak flow meter and spirometry are obtained. Primary outcome is impact of prehabilitation on functional capacity. Secondary outcomes include post-operative length of stay and complications based on Clavien-Dindo classification.
Thirty one (31) patients who were recruited [gastrectomy (n = 21) and oesophagectomy (n = 10)]. Mean age was 59.2 ± 8.9 years. 21(67.7%)was male patients. Majority of the participants were SGA B (51.6%) with good ECOG status of 1(61.3%). Most of the diseases were in advanced stage [stage III (54.9%), stage IV (9.7%)].After prehabilitation, handgrip strength, peak flow meter and spirometry were significantly higher before surgery (20.9 vs 26.1, p = 0.002; 322.2 vs 419.3, p = 0.002; 77.4% vs 90.3%, p = 0.007 respectively). No significant difference in LOS and post operative complications were observed.
Prehabilitation was associated with significant increase in functional capacity after intervention. Hence prehabilitation should be strongly recommended among patient undergoing major upper GI surgery to accelerate recovery from cancer surgery. However, there is insufficient data to demonstrate its role in improving clinical outcomes, including LOS and post operative complications.
192. DYSPNOEA IMPROVES FOLLOWING PARAOESOPHAGEAL HERNIA REPAIR AND IS NOT NECESSARILY A CONTRAINDICATION TO SURGERY
Authors: Paredes Steven Ronald , Khoma Oleksandr , Wong Ngar Lok Joshua , Falk Gregory 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paraoesophageal hernias (PEH) are often symptomatic and can lead to life-threatening complications including volvulus and ischaemia. Dyspnoea was recently reported as the most prevalent symptom of giant PEHs, although it has been perceived by some as a contraindication to surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of surgery on resolution of dyspnoea amongst patients with giant hiatus hernia defined as greater than 30% of the stomach above the diaphragm.
Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained single-surgeon database containing records of patients undergoing composite hernia repair. Patients who underwent standardised composite laparoscopic repair of giant PEH without mesh prosthesis between March 2009 and December 2015 and had documented dyspnoea were included. Patients were reviewed post-operatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, 12 months, and then annually unless more frequent visits were clinically indicated. The primary outcome of the analysis was the difference in patient-reported pre-operative and post-operative dyspnoea. Secondary outcomes included differences in pre-operative and post-operative dysphagia and clinical aspiration as well as recurrence of PEH of any size.
Inclusion criteria were met by 154 patients. There were 127 females (82.5%) and 27 males (17.5%). The average age at time of operation was 71.2 years (range 49–93, SD 9.66). The average hernia size was 64%, based on intraoperative evaluation by the surgeon (range 30–100%, SD 20.2). After surgery, there was a significant improvement in all symptoms: dyspnoea (100% pre-operatively, 2.6% post-operatively, P¬ &lt; 0.001), dysphagia (46.1% pre-operatively, 15.6% post-operatively, P &lt; 0.001) and clinical aspiration (9.1% pre-operatively, 1.3% post-operatively, P = 0.002). Hernia recurrence was found in 37 patients (24.0%) amongst whom dyspnoea was rare (5.4%, 2 patients).
This study suggests that dyspnoea resolves following laparoscopic repair of giant paraoesophageal hernia. This may be explained by the effect of surgical repair on improving hernia-related atrial compression, pulmonary congestion and reduced lung capacities. The presence of dyspnoea should be regarded as an indication rather than a barrier to surgery. Therefore, we recommend all patients with giant hiatus hernia to be assessed by a specialist surgical service.