bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the “MyPlate Musical” to Increase Nutrition and Exercise Knowledge in Children
Authors: Besnilian Annette , Plunkett Scott W. , Butleroff‐Leahy Helen 
Published: February 2022

We evaluated the effectiveness of a school‐based, educational theater program (i.e., MyPlate Musical) on nutrition/exercise knowledge of elementary student performers and viewers. Data were collected in four elementary schools with high percentages of Latinos and students eligible for free/reduced price meals. In Schools 1–3, pretest and posttest data were used from a total of 425 viewers and 220 performers. At School 4, 267 viewers and 75 performers served as their own control. Results indicated that student performers and student viewers of the theatrical performances had increased general nutrition/exercise knowledge and MyPlate knowledge from pretest to posttest and the effects were stronger in the treatment group than the control group. Educational theater appears to be a viable method to increase nutrition/exercise knowledge.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study tooth discolouration from endodontic materials
Authors: Athanassiadis Basil , Abbott Paul V. , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a range of materials used in endodontics may cause tooth discolouration, exploration of factors responsible for the darkening of the tooth crown or root is warranted. This narrative review paper discusses the range of technical factors that apply in laboratory studies that assess endodontic discolouration. As an example of how these factors operate, particular examples relating to discolouration caused by endodontic medicaments containing tetracycline antibiotics are used. Following the PRILE 2021 guideline approach, a summary of key variables to be addressed in the methodology for laboratory studies is presented, to inform future work.
The effect of sodium polymethacrylate on the rheology of the positive paste and performance of the lead‐acid battery
Authors: Kosacki Julian , Feys Dimitri , Dogan Fatih 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to its rheological properties, positive lead‐acid battery paste can be difficult to spread on lead current collectors accurately and efficiently under industry machinery and setting. Sodium polymethacrylate dispersant was studied as an effective positive paste additive that could lower the yield stress of the paste without affecting paste density and battery performance. Under a four‐blade vane rheometer setup, stress growth and oscillatory amplitude strain sweep experiments evaluated the rheological properties of positive paste with the addition of varying amounts of sodium polymethacrylate. Further, the electrochemical effects of sodium polymethacrylate were also evaluated in 2V batteries by testing positive active material utilization and cycle life.
Fresh beef tumbling at different post‐mortem times to improve tenderness and proteolytic features of M. longissimus lumborum
Authors: Nondorf Mariah J. , Kim Yuan H. Brad 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of tumbling at different post‐mortem times on the proteolytic features and quality attributes of beef loins (M. longissimus lumborum). Loins (n = 12) were cut into 4 sections and assigned to tumbling at 1, 6 or 11 days post‐mortem or non‐tumbled control. Upon tumbling, additional ageing was applied to a common post‐mortem time of 16 days. In general, tumbling had no considerable impacts on water‐holding ability of samples. Tumbling resulted in an immediate decrease in shear force values (WBSF) of beef samples. Tumbling at 1 day post‐mortem with no ageing had similar WBSF compared to the non‐tumbled controls at 16 days (P > 0.05). With ageing, tumbling increased amounts of protein degradation, myofibrillar fragmentation and calpain‐1 autolysis of samples. These results suggest that early post‐mortem tumbling coupled with ageing can synergistically impact the tenderness development of beef loins and shorten the necessary ageing period.
High and temperature‐stable dielectric constants in PNb9O25 ceramic
Authors: Fu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPNb9O25 ceramic was prepared using a sparking plasma sintering (SPS) method. Microstructure, dielectric and electrical properties of the ceramic were investigated. Dense ceramic was obtained, and the ceramic exhibited a high dielectric constant (>1000) and a low dielectric loss (∼2%) in the investigated frequency range of 100 Hz‐100 kHz at room temperature. Dielectric relaxations with strong frequency dispersion occurred at temperatures higher than 250°C, which were due to oxygen vacancies. A highly stable capacitance (< 10% deviation) over a wide temperature range of –30°C to –200°C was obtained. The ceramic also showed a relatively high electrical conductivity (>4 × 10−8 S/cm) with an activation energy of approximately 0.9 eV in the temperature range of >200°C.
Can the Caribbean localize its food system?: Evidence from biomass flow accounting
Authors: Rahman Shupa , Singh Simron , McCordic Cameron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall island economies are highly dependent on food imports. Self‐sufficiency through food localization is therefore often advocated. Can a small Caribbean island nation localize its food system? To answer this question, we conducted socio‐metabolic research on four Caribbean nations: Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, and Jamaica. Derived indicators from a diachronic biomass flow accounting from 1961 to 2019 suggest a declining trend in local food production for all cases. While in Barbados and Jamaica this decline already began in the 1960s, for Dominica and Grenada, this did not start until the late 1970s–1980s. The physical trade balance of biomass is similar across all cases: from net exporters at the start of the study period to net importers as countries developed, albeit at different time periods. By disaggregating biomass flow data to crop level, Barbados and Jamaica indicate a trend that is moving away from food localization, while Dominica and Grenada appear to be modestly moving toward localization in recent years. Given the many resource security challenges small island economies face, this study provides a biophysical perspective to the Caribbean's food security debate and questions the extent to which food localization is possible in a small island context, and whether other strategies are urgently needed.
The MIEL1‐ABI5/MYB30 regulatory module fine tunes abscisic acid signaling during seed germination
Authors: Nie Kaili , Zhao Hongyun , Wang Xiaopei , Niu Yanli , Zhou Huapeng , Zheng Yuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) plays a crucial role in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during seed germination. However, how ABI5 is regulated during this process is poorly understood. Here, we report that the ubiquitin E3 ligase MIEL1 and its target transcription factor MYB30 modulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis thaliana during seed germination and seedling establishment via the precise regulation of ABI5. MIEL1 interacts with and ubiquitinates ABI5 to facilitate its degradation during germination. The transcription factor MYB30, whose turnover is mediated by MIEL1 during seed germination, also interacts with ABI5 to interfere with its transcriptional activity. MYB30 functions downstream of MIEL1 in the ABA response, and both are epistatic to ABI5 in ABA‐mediated inhibition of seed germination and postgerminative growth. ABA treatment induces the degradation of MIEL1 and represses the interaction between MIEL1 and ABI5/MYB30, thus releasing both ABI5 and MYB30. Our results demonstrate that MIEL1 directly mediates the proteasomal degradation of ABI5 and inhibits its activity via the release of its target protein MYB30, thus ensuring precise ABA signaling during seed germination and seedling establishment.
No effect of thyroid hormones on 5‐year mortality in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive disorder, and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Đapić Blaž , Schernhammer Eva , Haslacher Helmuth , Stögmann Elisabeth , Lehrner Johann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate differences in circulating thyroid hormone levels, gender, education, depressive symptoms, and cognitive performance among patients with cognitive impairment, and also to examine their associations, as well as that of cognitive decline, with 5‐year mortality. Between 1998 and 2017, a hospital‐based, single‐centre (Neurology Department of the General Hospital in Vienna, Austria), retrospective follow‐up study enrolled 2102 patients with mild to severe cognitive impairment (grouped into subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as well as to calculate stepwise adjustments for demographic variables (age, gender, and education), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS‐15), and neuropsychological abilities (four domains of a neuropsychological test battery of Vienna, NTVB). In univariate analyses, total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels differed significantly between Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients (pdiff = .001). No other differences in cognitive impairment subgroups with any of the measured thyroid hormones were observed. Furthermore, in multivariate models, circulating TT3 was not associated with mortality (multivariable‐adjusted HR per unit increase in TT3 = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.29–1.07). In multivariate models, we observed significantly lower 5‐year mortality among women (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.43–0.73) and those who scored higher on any of the four domains of the NBTV (e.g., attention and perceptual speed, HR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.54–0.72); we also observed significantly higher 5‐year mortality among patients with depressive symptoms (HR per one point score increase in GDS‐15 = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02–1.10), regardless of cognitive impairment subgroup. Among patients with various degrees of cognitive impairment, we found no associations of thyroid hormone levels with 5‐year mortality. Gender, neuropsychological abilities, and depressive symptoms were each significant predictors of 5‐year mortality. These results suggest that a neurocognitive test performance could serve as an important predictor of 5‐year mortality among patients with cognitive impairment, although further studies with a more complete adjustment for comorbidities are needed to confirm these findings.
Common myths of terrorism
Authors: Gaibulloev Khusrav , Sandler Todd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing from statements by politicians, the media, policy analysts, and researchers, the current study identifies nine myths associated with terrorism and the practice of counterterrorism. We focus on those myths that have special policy relevance since the four al‐Qaida hijackings on September 11, 2001, and the ensuing heightened security concern. Many of those myths generated research articles that, at times, come to contradictory conclusions. Our goal is to provide recent statistics and a literature evaluation to sort out such contradictory results. In the case of the alleged macroeconomic consequences of terrorism to a typical country, we supply updated estimations. Throughout our presentation, we draw from the post‐2001 literature or statistical evidence. Often, empirical methods and procedures have evolved to a point where more clear‐cut and robust findings are now available through better identification and advanced estimation procedures.
No difference between slow oscillation up‐ and down‐state cueing for memory consolidation during sleep
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yi , Heck Katharina L. , Born Jan , Ngo Hong‐Viet V. , Diekelmann Susanne 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe beneficial effects of sleep for memory consolidation are assumed to rely on the reactivation of memories in conjunction with the coordinated interplay of sleep rhythms like slow oscillations and spindles. Specifically, slow oscillations are assumed to provide the temporal frame for spindles to occur in the slow oscillations up‐states, enabling a redistribution of reactivated information within hippocampal–neocortical networks for long‐term storage. Memory reactivation can also be triggered externally by presenting learning‐associated cues (like odours or sounds) during sleep, but it is presently unclear whether there is an optimal time‐window for the presentation of such cues in relation to the phase of the slow oscillations. In the present within‐subject comparison, participants (n = 16) learnt word‐pairs visually presented with auditory cues of the first syllable. These syllables were subsequently used for real‐time cueing either in the up‐ or down‐state of endogenous slow oscillations. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found differences in memory performance neither between up‐ and down‐state cueing, nor between word‐pairs that were cued versus uncued. In the up‐state cueing condition, higher amounts of rapid eye movement sleep were associated with better memory for cued contents, whereas higher amounts of slow‐wave sleep were associated with better memory for uncued contents. Evoked response analyses revealed signs of cue processing in both conditions. Interestingly, both up‐ and down‐state cueing evoked a similar spindle response with the induced slow oscillations up‐state at ~1000 ms post‐cue. We speculate that our cueing procedure triggered generalised reactivation processes that facilitated the consolidation of both cued and uncued memories irrespective of the slow oscillation phase.
The association of co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea with prevalent cardiovascular disease and incident cardiovascular events
Authors: Lechat Bastien , Appleton Sarah , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Hansen Kristy , McEvoy R. Doug , Adams Robert , Catcheside Peter , Lack Leon , Eckert Danny J. , Sweetman Alexander 
Published: February 2022

SummaryInsomnia and obstructive sleep apnea commonly co‐occur (co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea), and their co‐occurrence has been associated with worse cardiometabolic and mental health. However, it remains unknown if people with co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea are at a heightened risk of incident cardiovascular events. This study used longitudinal data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (N = 5803) to investigate potential associations between co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease prevalence at baseline and cardiovascular event incidence over ~11 years follow‐up. Insomnia was defined as self‐reported difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep AND daytime impairment. Obstructive sleep apnea was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr sleep. Co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea was defined if both conditions were present. Data from 4160 participants were used for this analysis. The prevalence of no insomnia/obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia only, obstructive sleep apnea only and co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea was 53.2%, 3.1%, 39.9% and 1.9%, respectively. Co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea was associated with a 75% (odd ratios [95% confidence interval]; 1.75 [1.14, 2.67]) increase in likelihood of having cardiovascular disease at baseline after adjusting for pre‐specified confounders. In the unadjusted model, co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea was associated with a twofold increase (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.00 [1.33, 2.99]) in risk of cardiovascular event incidence. However, after adjusting for pre‐specified covariates, co‐morbid insomnia and sleep apnea was not significantly associated with incident cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.38 [0.92, 2.07]). Comparable findings were obtained when an alternative definition of insomnia (difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep without daytime impairment) was used.
Local adaptation and spatiotemporal patterns of genetic diversity revealed by repeated sampling of Caenorhabditis elegans across the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Crombie Timothy A. , Battlay Paul , Tanny Robyn E. , Evans Kathryn S. , Buchanan Claire M. , Cook Daniel E. , Dilks Clayton M. , Stinson Loraina A. , Zdraljevic Stefan , Zhang Gaotian , Roberto Nicole M. , Lee Daehan , Ailion Michael , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Andersen Erik C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is among the most widely studied organisms, but relatively little is known about its natural ecology. Genetic diversity is low across much of the globe but high in the Hawaiian Islands and across the Pacific Rim. To characterize the niche and genetic diversity of C. elegans on the Hawaiian Islands and to explore how genetic diversity might be influenced by local adaptation, we repeatedly sampled nematodes over a three‐year period, measured various environmental parameters at each sampling site, and whole‐genome sequenced the C. elegans isolates that we identified. We found that the typical Hawaiian C. elegans niche comprises moderately moist native forests at high elevations (500–1,500 m) where ambient air temperatures are cool (15–20°C). Compared to other Caenorhabditis species found on the Hawaiian Islands (e.g., Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis tropicalis), we found that C. elegans were enriched in native habitats. We measured levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among Hawaiian C. elegans and found evidence of seven genetically distinct groups distributed across the islands. Then, we scanned these genomes for signatures of local adaptation and identified 18 distinct regions that overlap with hyper‐divergent regions, which may be maintained by balancing selection and are enriched for genes related to environmental sensing, xenobiotic detoxification, and pathogen resistance. These results provide strong evidence of local adaptation among Hawaiian C. elegans and contribute to our understanding of the forces that shape genetic diversity on the most remote volcanic archipelago in the world.
Greener One‐step Synthesis of Novel In Situ Selenium‐doped Framework Photocatalyst by Melem and Perylene Dianhydride for Enhanced Solar Fuel Production from CO2
Authors: Singh Chandani , Yadav Rajesh K. , Kim Tae Wu , Baeg Jin‐Ook , Singh Atul P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTTo minimize the ever‐increasing global warming and environmental problems, the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into value‐added solar chemicals/fuels is one of the most challenging tasks. As a means to accomplish this, herein we have synthesized first time novel in situ selenium‐doped polyimide frameworks (Se‐PIFs) photocatalyst via thermal co‐polymerization approach between melem (M) and perylene 3, 4, 9, 10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTDA) along with selenium (Se) as a dopant. The Se‐PIFs photocatalyst shows outstanding photocatalytic stability and activity for high solar fuel production (HCOOH ~ formic acid) from CO2. The solar light active Se‐PIFs photocatalyst was demonstrating the ~ 10‐fold higher photo‐conversion of CO2 to formic acid with yields of 250. 6 μmol. The current work is providing a facile and scalable avenue as well as sheds light on creating a new route for in situ judicious design highly efficient Se‐PIFs photocatalyst. The outcome is a benchmark instance for the use of selenium‐doped polyimide frameworks as a highly practical and efficient solar light active photocatalyst for carrying out the selective production of formic acid from environmental CO2.
Task choice shields against incidental affective influences on effort‐related cardiovascular response
Authors: Falk Johanna R. , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele , Gendolla Guido H. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn an attempt to integrate theorizing on action shielding with affective influences on effort‐related cardiovascular response, an experiment with N = 115 university students (90% women) tested whether working on a task by personal choice versus external assignment moderates the effect of happy versus sad background music on effort‐related cardiovascular response during task performance. We predicted strong action shielding and low receptivity for incidental affective influences when participants could ostensibly choose the task to be performed. Given the difficult nature of the task, we thus expected strong effort‐related cardiovascular responses due to high commitment when the task was chosen. By contrast, for assigned‐task participants, we expected high receptivity for incidental affective influences and thus predicted strong cardiovascular reactivity when they were exposed to happy music but low responses due to disengagement when they were exposed to sad music. Effects on responses of cardiac pre‐ejection period, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate confirmed our effort‐related predictions. Apparently, personal choice of a task can immunize individuals against incidental affective influences on resource mobilization.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of quick Sepsis‐related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) as predictor of mortality and length of hospitalization in dogs with pyometra (2013‐2019): 52 cases
Authors: Donati Pablo , Londoño Leonel A. , Tunes Marcela , Villalta Cesar , Guillemi Eliana C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic utility of quick Sepsis‐related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) for prediction of in‐hospital mortality and length of hospitalization in dogs with pyometra.DesignRetrospective cohort study from February 2013 to April 2019SettingTertiary referral hospitalAnimalsFifty‐two dogs referred with confirmed diagnosis of pyometraInterventionsNoneMeasurements and principal outcomesSixty‐five percent of dogs survived to discharge. A cut‐off score of ≥2 for qSOFA was associated with in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio 6.51 [95% CI: 1.35 ‐ 31.3]) P = 0.019. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for a qSOFA score ≥ 2 for mortality was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59‐0.85), with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 66.7%. The mean ± SD number of organs with dysfunction was significantly higher in dogs with a qSOFA score ≥2 1.76 ± 0.83 compared to dogs with a qSOFA score < 2 1.08 ± 1.09, P = 0.015. The presence of a qSOFA score ≥ 2 was associated with a longer time of hospitalization in survivors with a median (interquartile range) length of stay in qSOFA < 2 (48 [33]) hours versus qSOFA score ≥ 2 (78 [52]) hours, P = 0.027.ConclusionsIn dogs with pyometra, the qSOFA score was associated with mortality and length of hospitalization. This score might be useful to improve the risk stratification in dogs with pyometra. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the predictive capacity of qSOFA in other septic patient populations.