bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ge addition on the structure, mechanical and magnetic properties of (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex high-entropy alloys
Authors: Guan Zhou , Feng Chuangshi , Song Hongquan , Zhang Yibo , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alloying non-metallic elements can not only change the structure of alloys, but also tailor the mechanical and physical properties. The microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex (molar ratio, x = 0 ∼ 33) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been systematically studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex HEAs transform from a face-centered cubic (FCC) to a body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution when 10 ≤ x ≤ 25, and a hexagonal intermetallic compound (IM) formed at x = 33. Tensile measurement revealed that the strength and plasticity of the alloy were enhanced simultaneously with Ge addition in the single FCC region (x ≤ 10), a decrease in ductility but sharp increase of strength was found in the alloys when the BCC phase starts to appear. Theoretical calculations and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show that the alloys transform gradually from a paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic state at room temperature.
Effects of size on the spectrum and stability of a confined on-center Hydrogen atom
Authors: Morcillo-Arencibia Milagros F , Sarsa Antonio J , Alcaraz-Pelegrina José Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work we studied the problem of the stability of confined atoms when they are released from confinement. We analyzed the confined Hydrogen atom inside a cage modelled by a square-well potential, in particular the effects of size on the energy and the electronic structure of the confined atom, by considering different internal radii of the confining cage. Starting from the confined wave function, we clarified the effect on the probability transition between different confined states, and characterized the stability of the atom when released from in term of both, the ionization probability and the transition probability to a bound state of the free atom. The values of the different atomic properties calculated present oscillations when they are studied as a function of the size of the confining cage. This behaviour can be explained in terms of the shell structure of the atom.
Gravitational decoupling for hairy black holes in asymptotic AdS spacetimes*
Authors: Zhang Chao-Ming , Zhang Ming , Zou De-Cheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the gravitational decoupling approach via extended geometric deformation is utilized to generate analytical black hole solutions owing to its simplicity and effectiveness. Considering the external fields surrounding Schwarzschild AdS black holes, we derive hairy black hole solutions in asymptotic AdS spacetime, satisfying the strong and dominant energy conditions. Moreover, we find that if the black hole spacetime is a fluid system, the fluid under each of these conditions is anisotropic.
The Halo Concentration and Mass Relation Traced by Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Gu Qing , Guo Qi , Zhang Tianchi , Wang Wenting , Guo Quan , Gao Liang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the relation between halo concentration and mass (c − M relation) using galaxy catalogs of the Seventh and Eighth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7 and DR8). Assuming that the satellite galaxies follow the distribution of dark matter, we derive the halo concentration by fitting the satellite radial profile with a Nararro Frank and White (NFW) format. The derived c − M relation covers a wide halo mass range from 1011.6 to 1014.1 M⊙. We confirm the anti-correlation between the halo mass and concentration as predicted in cosmological simulations. Our results are in good agreement with those derived using galaxy dynamics and gravitational lensing for halos of 1011.6– 1012.9
M
⊙, while they are slightly lower for halos of 1012.9– 1014.1
M
⊙. This is because blue satellite galaxies are less concentrated, especially in the inner regions. Instead of using all satellite galaxies, red satellites could be better tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution in galaxy groups.
Modeling and inference methods for switching regime-dependent dynamical systems with multiscale neural observations
Authors: Song Christian Y , Hsieh Han-Lin , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Realizing neurotechnologies that enable long-term neural recordings across multiple spatial-temporal scales during naturalistic behaviors requires new modeling and inference methods that can simultaneously address two challenges. First, the methods should aggregate information across all activity scales from multiple recording sources such as spiking and field potentials. Second, the methods should detect changes in the regimes of behavior and/or neural dynamics during naturalistic scenarios and long-term recordings. Prior regime detection methods are developed for a single scale of activity rather than multiscale activity, and prior multiscale methods have not considered regime switching and are for stationary cases. Approach. Here, we address both challenges by developing a switching multiscale dynamical system model and the associated filtering and smoothing methods. This model describes the encoding of an unobserved brain state in multiscale spike-field activity. It also allows for regime-switching dynamics using an unobserved regime state that dictates the dynamical and encoding parameters at every time-step. We also design the associated switching multiscale inference methods that estimate both the unobserved regime and brain states from simultaneous spike-field activity. Main results. We validate the methods in both extensive numerical simulations and prefrontal spike-field data recorded in a monkey performing saccades for fluid rewards. We show that these methods can successfully combine the spiking and field potential observations to simultaneously track the regime and brain states accurately. Doing so, these methods lead to better state estimation compared with single-scale switching methods or stationary multiscale methods. Also, for single-scale linear Gaussian observations, the new switching smoother can better generalize to diverse system settings compared to prior switching smoothers. Significance. These modeling and inference methods effectively incorporate both regime-detection and multiscale observations. As such, they could facilitate investigation of latent switching neural population dynamics and improve future brain-machine interfaces by enabling inference in naturalistic scenarios where regime-dependent multiscale activity and behavior arise.
Gyrokinetic simulations compared with magnetic fluctuations diagnosed with a Faraday-effect radial interferometer-polarimeter in the DIII-D pedestal
Authors: Curie M.T. , Hatch D.R. , Halfmoon M. , Chen J. , Brower D.L. , Hassan E. , Kotschenreuther M. , Mahajan S.M. , Groebner R.J. , DIII-D team  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Experimental data on electromagnetic fluctuations in DIII-D, made available by the Faraday-effect radial interferometer-polarimeter (RIP) diagnostic Chen (2016 Rev. Sci. Instrum.
87 11E108), is examined in comparison with detailed gyrokinetic simulations using gyrokinetic electromagnetic numerical experiment (GENE). The diagnostic has the unique capability of making internal measurements of fluctuating magnetic fields

∫

n

e

δ

B

r

d
R

∫

n

e

d
R

. Local linear simulations identify microtearing modes (MTMs) over a substantial range of toroidal mode numbers (peaking at n = 15) with frequencies in good agreement with the experimental data. Local nonlinear simulations reinforce this result by producing a magnetic frequency spectrum in good agreement with that diagnosed by RIP. Simulated heat fluxes are in the range of experimental expectations. However, magnetic fluctuation amplitudes are substantially lower than the experimental expectations. Possible sources of this discrepancy are discussed, notably the fact that the diagnostics are localized at the mid-plane—the poloidal location where the simulations predict the fluctuation amplitudes to be smallest. Despite some discrepancies, several connections between simulations and experiments, combined with general criteria discriminating between potential pedestal instabilities, strongly point to MTMs as the source of the observed magnetic fluctuations.
Improved swimming performance in schooling fish via leading-edge vortex enhancement
Authors: Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The hydrodynamics of schooling fish has been the subject of continued investigation over the last 50 years; fish schools exhibit a variety of arrangements and several distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hydrodynamic benefits of schooling. In the current study, we use direct numerical simulations to show that a caudal fin swimmer trailing another similar swimmer can significantly improve its swimming performance by positioning itself such that the wake-induced flow of the leading fish, enhances the leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the fin of the trailing fish. Improvements of up to 12% in both the thrust and efficiency of the trailing fish are possible with this mechanism. The mechanisms underlying these interactional effects are quantitatively analyzed by applying the force partitioning method, a powerful data-driven method that partitions the pressure forces on the fish into mechanistically distinct components. The analysis reveals that the LEV on the fin dominates the overall thrust production for these swimmers and its enhancement therefore provides an effective and robust means for harnessing fish–fish hydrodynamic interactions in a school. In addition to confirming the potential energetic benefits of schooling, the LEV enhancement mechanism could be exploited in coordinated swimming of bioinspired multi-vehicle or multi-foil flapping foil propulsion systems.
The carbon footprint of scientific visibility
Authors: Berné Olivier , Agier Lydiane , Hardy Antoine , Lellouch Emmanuel , Aumont Olivier , Mariette Jérôme , Ben-Ari Tamara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the face of global warming, academics have started to consider and analyze the environmental and carbon footprint associated with their professional activity. Among the several sources of greenhouse gas emissions from research activities, air travel—one of the most visible and unequal fractions of this footprint—has received much attention. Of particular interest is the question of how air travel may be related to scientific success or visibility as defined by current academic evaluation norms, notably bibliometric indicators. Existing studies, conducted over a small sample of individuals or within specific disciplines, have demonstrated that the number of citations may be related to air-travel frequency, but have failed to identify a link between air travel and publication rate or h-index. Here, using a comprehensive dataset aggregating the answers from over 6000 respondents to a survey sent to randomly selected scientists and staff across all research disciplines in France, we show that higher individual air travel is associated with a stronger publication rate and h-index. This relationship is robust to the inclusion of the effects of gender, career stage, and disciplines. Our analysis suggests that flying is a means for early-career scientists to obtain scientific visibility, and for senior scientists to maintain this visibility.
Perturbative connection formulas for Heun equations
Authors: Lisovyy O , Naidiuk A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Connection formulas relating Frobenius solutions of linear ODEs at different Fuchsian singular points can be expressed in terms of the large order asymptotics of the corresponding power series. We demonstrate that for the usual, confluent and reduced confluent Heun equation, the series expansion of the relevant asymptotic amplitude in a suitable parameter can be systematically computed to arbitrary order. This allows to check a recent conjecture of Bonelli-Iossa-Panea Lichtig-Tanzini expressing the Heun connection matrix in terms of quasiclassical Virasoro conformal blocks.
Influences of breath sample re-use on the accuracy of lung cancer detection dogs
Authors: Crawford Margaret A , Chang Catherina L , Hopping Sandra , Browne Clare M , Edwards Timothy L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evaluations of dogs as lung cancer detectors using breath samples have produced a variety of results, some quite promising. Breath samples are typically collected onto a substrate and stored in a sealed container when not in use, but volatile compounds dissipate when the substrate is exposed during training and evaluation sessions. Collection of appropriate samples for training and testing dogs requires significant resources and strict control of recruitment and sample collection processes. Therefore, some researchers re-use samples while training dogs. No systematic evaluation of the effect of sample re-use on dogs’ training performance has been conducted, so the influence of this potentially important training factor is not known. We trained seven dogs to indicate the presence of lung cancer positive breath samples using an automated apparatus. The samples were stored at −60 °C or −80 °C. Samples from 460 individuals who were classified as positive or negative for lung cancer were used for training samples. Individual samples were presented to dogs up to four times over a period of 2 years. As sample re-use increased, sensitivity declined (−6.65, p = < .001, 95% CI [−10.56, −2.76]), specificity increased (2.87, p = .036, 95% CI [.19, 5.55]), and the dogs’ bias shifted in the direction of a negative indication bias (−.094, p = < .001, 95% CI [−.149, −.39]). However, there were no significant changes in the measure associated with the detectability of the target (−0.30, p = .285, 95% CI [−.087, .26]). All observed changes in performance across sample re-use were small. Therefore, these findings suggest that sample re-use may be appropriate for training, but additional research is required to determine which factors underly changes in performance as breath samples are re-used.
Development of wheat leaf blotches depending on soil tillage system
Authors: Bankina B , Kaņeps J , Darguža M , Bimšteine G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Conservative soil tillage is considered as the main tool to preserve soil fertility, to reduce gas emissions, and to save financial and labour resources. However, majority of researchers have found that different systems of reduced soil tillage increase the occurrence of slugs, weeds and diseases, including wheat diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of reduced soil tillage on the severity of winter wheat leaf blotches. The influence of different soil tillage systems and crop rotation on the severity of winter wheat disease was evaluated in a two-factorial experiment: A – soil tillage system (A1 – traditional soil tillage with ploughing at the depth of 22–24 cm); A2 – reduced soil tillage with disc harrowing up to the depth of 10 cm); and B – different crop rotations (B1 – continuous winter wheat; B2 – winter wheat and oilseed rape were grown; B3 – crop rotation). The severity of diseases was determined approximately every 10 days during the whole vegetation season, the total disease impact was estimated by calculating the area under the disease progress curve. Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Septoria tritici blotch, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici dominated in trials during the entire research period. Soil tillage is the most important factor promoting the development of tan spot, continuous wheat sowings also increased the severity of tan spot. The development of Septoria tritici blotch did not depend on the agronomic practice applied.
The performance of a Multi-Stage Hybrid Reactor to treat real wastewater: Benzophenone and Diethyl Phthalate removal
Authors: Do Amaral Amanda Fraga , Cunha Deivisson Lopes , Marques Marcia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the consequences of the increasing diversity of new chemical compounds used in industrialized products is the release of these compounds as micropollutants (MPs) in the environment around the world, particularly in aqueous matrices. Benzophenone (BP) and Diethyl Phthalate (DEP), two MPs of environmental concern due to their potential toxicity are widely used and found with considerable concentrations mostly in wastewaters. Information about the efficiency of biological treatment in removing DEP from the wastewater is scarce and until recently, there was no information on the removal of BP. Due to the risks these substances pose to the human and environmental health there is a worldwide demand for the improvement of biological treatment plants with focus on the removal of these and other MPs, since conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) have very limited capacity to remove them and advanced treatment steps (e.g.: ozonation, photocatalysis, ultrafiltration.) increases substantially the treatment costs. A promising biological treatment approach for the removal of MPs combines fixed and suspended biomasses in the same reactor (hybrid reactors) and includes multiple compartments with different redox conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a new Multi-Stage Hybrid Reactor, focusing on the removal of Benzophenone (BP) and Diethylphthalate (DEP). The pilot system has seven units (anaerobic, anoxic 1, aerobic, anoxic 2, re-aeration and 2 sedimentation tanks) and it was installed at a large Municipal WWTP in Rio to treat real domestic wastewater. The total volume was 400 L and 50% of the aerobic tank (120 L) was filled with carriers (support media). The reactor’s efficiency was evaluated during two periods: (a) one with predominantly suspended biomass and (b) another one with predominantly fixed biomass in the aerobic tank. The highly variable composition of the affluent, affecting the organic load, caused fluctuations in the treatment performance. Even though, multi-stage hybrid bioreactor was able to remove up to 69.6% of BP and up to 74.5% of DEP, being the highest removal efficiencies achieved during the period when the aerobic tank had predominantly fixed biomass.
“Overcoming the Limits”. The first results of an interdisciplinary scientific project
Authors: Andreev A I , Grinin A L , Ivanov D V , Popov V N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The title of our this plenary presentation, “Overcoming the Limits”, certainly echoes Meadows’ famous “The Limits to Growth,” which has played a prominent role in understanding the path of humanity towards the future. However, during the past fifty years both the concept and understanding of these limits have significantly changed. In this report, the concept of limits is understood more broadly then usual. It includes not only the process of overcoming the limits that hinder development, but also implies situations when such limits become irrelevant. Another important point of our title is that limits are not insurmountable. To put it more precisely, they are serious but solvable challenges which can and should be resolved. This paper reflects the concept, developed by the research team of Moscow State University, on the prospects of future world development.
Dependence of colour, OD254 and SUVA254 of river water from pollution by domestic wastewaters
Authors: Lelekin K , Cheremisin A , Andrianova M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In several points of rivers Toksa, Neva and water objects related to them chemical analysis of water was done, optical density at 254 nm (OD254) and SUVA254 were determined. Tributaries of the Toksa polluted by domestic wastewaters showed values increased several fold (compared to the Toksa waters) for: colour, OD254, TOC, electric conductivity (EC), concentrations of ammonium (up to 10 maximal allowable levels for surface waters) and chlorides. SUVA254 (in L/(mgTOC·m)) belonged to the following ranges: 1.8-3.0 in the Toksa and its source; 2.3-6.3 in its polluted tributaries; 2.7-3.5 in the Neva and its source; 2.1-2.6 in the tap water of St. Petersburg. For express control of the pollution in the Toksa and other rivers with similar properties measurement of EC and OD254 could be recommended. Control of organic matter content based solely on OD254 cannot be precise due to variations of SUVA254.
Restoration of surface soil contamination density to radionuclides at according to aerial photography
Authors: Grevtseva A S , Dmitriev R A , Zhuchenko A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The problems that arise in the surface layer of the soil during periodic emissions at nuclear power plants are considered. The necessity of constant monitoring of this soil layer at different times of the year is substantiated. Various methods of this control are considered. It has been established that it is extremely difficult to implement them in remote areas. A method has been developed for monitoring the surface layer of the soil using aerodynamic survey of the distribution of γ-radiation on the soil surface. This is extremely important during the preparation of agricultural fields for sowing crops in the spring. A new algorithm for restoring images obtained using aerodynamic imaging of γ-radiation is proposed. The results of a new algorithm for image processing and identification are presented.
Study of the impact of recultivated granite stone quarry dumps on the environment and agricultural land in the Leningrad region
Authors: Yakusheva M A , Davydov R V , Sanin S S , Karakotov S D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The environmental condition of the granite stone quarry dumps and the adjacent areas of Kuznechnoye village in the Leningrad Region of the Russian Federation was evaluated based on the results of field measurements of dust concentrations in the air (fraction size 1-10 microns) and analytical determination of chemical element contents in soil samples by spectral emission analysis and X-ray spectrometry methods. It has been established that dusting of unreclaimed dumps under conditions of humid climate, which is observed most of the year, and high pH values of soils leads to the formation of polyelement technogenic geochemical anomalies of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ba and Sr. The data obtained can be used in the selection of the most effective method of reclamation of dumps.
Monitoring of soil pollution caused by industrial enterprises in one of the districts of St. Petersburg
Authors: Yakusheva M A , Davydov R V , Sanin S S , Karakotov S D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The features of soil pollution control in different districts of St. Petersburg are considered. A method for comparison of pollution in various urban areas has been proposed and experimentally implemented. Studies of the state of soil in three zones of Kirovsky and Moscovsky districts of St. Petersburg have been carried out. It is established that consideration of the factors of migration of polluting elements is necessary to establish the causes of significant pollution and develop measures to improve the environmental situation.
Regulation of land-destructive load on water catchment areas of small rivers
Authors: Romanov M , Switala F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the paper, the issues of provision the sustainable functioning of the ecosystems (natural-engineering systems) of the catchment area of small rivers were considered. It was distinguished, that one of the most widespread kinds of impact is land-destructive load, associated with direct expropriation and transformation of lands, occupied by natural ecosystems. The authors present the criteria for regulation of the land-destructive load, based on the assessment of the diversity of natural and anthropogenic-modified ecosystems in the catchment area of a small river. It was found, that a part of anthropogenic-modified ecosystems should not exceed 35–40 % of the total catchment area (for the middle and southern taiga zone).