bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot economic evaluation of a feasibility trial for SUpporting wellbeing through PEeR-Befriending (SUPERB) for post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Flood Chris , Behn Nicholas , Marshall Jane , Simpson Alan , Northcott Sarah , Thomas Shirley , Goldsmith Kimberley , McVicker Sally , Jofre-Bonet Mireia , Hilari Katerina 
Published: February 2022

Objectives To explore the feasibility of a full economic evaluation of usual care plus peer-befriending versus usual care control, and potential cost-effectiveness of peer-befriending for people with aphasia. To report initial costs, ease of instruments’ completion and overall data completeness. Design Pilot economic evaluation within a feasibility randomised controlled trial Setting Community, England Participants People with post-stroke aphasia and low levels of psychological distress Intervention All participants received usual care; intervention participants received six peer-befriending visits between randomisation and four months Main measures Costs were collected on the stroke-adapted Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) for health, social care and personal out-of-pocket expenditure arising from care for participants and carers at 4- and 10-months post-randomisation. Health gains and costs were reported using the General Health Questionnaire-12 and the EQ-5D-5L. Mean (CI) differences for costs and health gains were reported and uncertainty represented using non-parametric bootstrapping and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Results 56 participants were randomised. Mean age was 70.1 (SD 13.4). Most ( n = 37, 66%) had mild and many ( n = 14; 25%) severe aphasia. There was ≥94% completion of CSRI questions. Peer-befriending was higher in intervention arm ( p < 0.01) but there were no significant differences in total costs between trial arms. Peer-befriending visits costed on average £57.24 (including training and supervision costs). The probability of peer-befriending being cost-effective ranged 39% to 66%. Conclusions Economic data can be collected from participants with post-stroke aphasia, indicating a full economic evaluation within a definitive trial is feasible. A larger study is needed to demonstrate further cost-effectiveness of peer-befriending.
Less Fragmented but Highly Centralized: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research in Computational Social Science
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Song Yunya , Su Youzhen 
Published: February 2022

Since its inception, computational social science (CSS) has been characterized as an interdisciplinary field. Nevertheless, unlike a mature interdisciplinary field that duly integrates knowledge beyond disciplinary boundaries, CSS has arguably been fragmented into multiple lines of inquiry. Although such fragmentation has been a constant concern, limited empirical evidence exists to substantiate any degree of integration in research on CSS. To systematically map the landscape of research on CSS, we examined the dynamic topology of the bibliometric network of CSS during the past 20 years. By comparing the structure of the coupling network and the co-subject network with three prototypical network models that we simulated—the centralized model, the fragmented model, and the cohesive model—our analysis revealed that the citation networks of research on CSS are highly centralized but less fragmented than often assumed. Beyond that, a driving factor shaping the coupling network’s cohesive structure is the citation to high-impact articles. Those and other findings contribute to current understandings of the process of integration in the evolution of disciplines.
Child Maltreatment During School and Childcare Closure Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vermeulen Samantha , Alink Lenneke R. A. , van Berkel Sheila R. 
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present study was to examine child maltreatment prevalence rates during the first COVID-19 related national closure of schools and childcare settings (the lockdown) in the Netherlands. Based on reports of childcare professionals and primary and secondary school teachers ( N = 444) the prevalence of child maltreatment during the 3 months of this first lockdown was estimated at almost 40,000 children, or 14 per 1,000 children. The prevalence of emotional neglect was found to be three times higher during the lockdown compared to a period without lockdown. This significant difference was reflected in overall emotional neglect as well as for two main subtypes of emotional neglect: educational neglect and witnessing domestic violence. No significant differences were found for other types of child maltreatment. Most of the reported cases of maltreatment were already problematic before the lockdown and became worse during the lockdown. The results of this study indicate that the closure of schools and childcare settings may have enormous negative consequences for vulnerable children.
Repair of flexor digitorum profundus avulsions including the palmar plate: a retrospective comparative study of 56 cases
Authors: Fathy Sadek Ahmed , Azmy Mohamed M. , Nady Saleh Elsaid Ahmed , Zein Asem M. N. , Yehya Hasan Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

We retrospectively reviewed 56 fingers with a type 1 flexor digitorum profundus avulsion (jersey finger) injury. Nineteen fingers were treated with a four-strand pull-out suture technique that did not include the distal palmar plate, and 37 were treated with a six-strand pull-out suture technique that included the distal palmar plate. An early active mobilization regimen was used. At follow-up (mean 13 and 14 months, respectively), total active interphalangeal joint motion was significantly better in the six-strand/palmar plate group, as were the results assessed with the Strickland–Glogovac grading system and patient satisfaction according to the Stark criteria. No repair ruptures occurred in this group versus two ruptures in the four-strand/no-palmar-plate group. We consider that the better results can be attributed to a stronger repair, which facilitated early active mobilization. Level of evidence: III
Multicenter Study of the Impact of COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place on Tertiary Hospital-based Care for Pediatric Neurologic Disease
Authors: Hutchinson Melissa L. , Nash Kendall B. , Abend Nicholas S. , Moharir Mahendranath , Wells Elizabeth , Messer Ricka D. , Palaganas Jamie , Helbig Ingo , Wietstock Sharon O. , Suslovic William , Gonzalez Alexander K. , Kaufman Michael C. , Press Craig A. , Piantino Juan ,   The Pediatric Neurohospitalist Work Group
Published: February 2022

Objective To describe changes in hospital-based care for children with neurologic diagnoses during the initial 6 weeks following regional Coronavirus 2019 Shelter-in-Place orders. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study of 7 US and Canadian pediatric tertiary care institutions included emergency and inpatient encounters with a neurologic primary discharge diagnosis code in the initial 6 weeks of Shelter-in-Place (COVID-SiP), compared to the same period during the prior 3 years (Pre-COVID). Patient demographics, encounter length, and neuroimaging and electroencephalography use were extracted from the medical record. Results 27,900 encounters over 4 years were included. Compared to Pre-COVID, there was a 54% reduction in encounters during Shelter-in-Place. COVID-SiP patients were younger (median 5 years vs 7 years). The incidence of encounters for migraine fell by 72%, and encounters for acute diagnoses of status epilepticus, infantile spasms, and traumatic brain injury dropped by 53%, 55%, and 56%, respectively. There was an increase in hospital length of stay, relative utilization of intensive care, and diagnostic testing (long-term electroencephalography, brain MRI, and head CT (all P<.01)). Conclusion During the initial 6 weeks of SiP, there was a significant decrease in neurologic hospital-based encounters. Those admitted required a high level of care. Hospital-based neurologic services are needed to care for acutely ill patients. Precise factors causing these shifts are unknown and raise concern for changes in care seeking of patients with serious neurologic conditions. Impacts of potentially delayed diagnosis or treatment require further investigation.
In silico design of recombinant multi-epitope vaccine against influenza A virus
Authors: Maleki Avisa , Russo Giulia , Parasiliti Palumbo Giuseppe Alessandro , Pappalardo Francesco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of annual mortality. The emerging of novel escape variants of the influenza A virus is still a considerable challenge in the annual process of vaccine production. The evolution of vaccines ranks among the most critical successes in medicine and has eradicated numerous infectious diseases. Recently, multi-epitope vaccines, which are based on the selection of epitopes, have been increasingly investigated.

Results
This study utilized an immunoinformatic approach to design a recombinant multi-epitope vaccine based on a highly conserved epitope of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and membrane matrix proteins with fewer changes or mutate over time. The potential B cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and CD4 T cell epitopes were identified. The recombinant multi-epitope vaccine was designed using specific linkers and a proper adjuvant. Moreover, some bioinformatics online servers and datasets were used to evaluate the immunogenicity and chemical properties of selected epitopes. In addition, Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) in silico trial computational framework was run after influenza exposure and recombinant multi-epitope vaccine administration, showing a good immune response in terms of immunoglobulins of class G (IgG), T Helper 1 cells (TH1), epithelial cells (EP) and interferon gamma (IFN-g) levels. Furthermore, after a reverse translation (i.e., convertion of amino acid sequence to nucleotide one) and codon optimization phase, the optimized sequence was placed between the two EcoRV/MscI restriction sites in the PET32a+ vector.

Conclusions
The proposed “Recombinant multi-epitope vaccine” was predicted with unique and acceptable immunological properties. This recombinant multi-epitope vaccine can be successfully expressed in the prokaryotic system and accepted for immunogenicity studies against the influenza virus at the in silico level. The multi-epitope vaccine was then tested with the Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) in silico trial platform. It revealed slight immune protection against the influenza virus, shedding the light that a multistep bioinformatics approach including molecular and cellular level is mandatory to avoid inappropriate vaccine efficacy predictions.
Molecular evolution of hatching enzymes and their paralogous genes in vertebrates
Authors: Nagasawa Tatsuki , Kawaguchi Mari , Nishi Kohki , Yasumasu Shigeki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hatching is identified as one of the most important events in the reproduction of oviparous vertebrates. The genes for hatching enzymes, which are vital in the hatching process, are conserved among vertebrates. However, especially in teleost, it is difficult to trace their molecular evolution in detail due to the presence of other C6astacins, which are the subfamily to which the genes for hatching enzymes belong and are highly diverged. In particular, the hatching enzyme genes are diversified with frequent genome translocations due to retrocopy.

Results
In this study, we took advantage of the rapid expansion of whole-genome data in recent years to examine the molecular evolutionary process of these genes in vertebrates. The phylogenetic analysis and the genomic synteny analysis revealed C6astacin genes other than the hatching enzyme genes, which was previously considered to be retained only in teleosts, was also retained in the genomes of basal ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, and cartilaginous fishes. These results suggest that the common ancestor of these genes can be traced back to at least the common ancestor of the Gnathostomata. Moreover, we also found that many of the C6astacin genes underwent multiple gene duplications during vertebrate evolution, and the results of gene expression analysis in frogs implied that genes derived from hatching enzyme genes underwent neo-functionalization.

Conclusions
In this study, we describe in detail the molecular evolution of the C6astacin gene in vertebrates, which has not been summarized previously. The results revealed the presence of the previously unknown C6astacin gene in the basal-lineage of jawed vertebrates and large-scale gene duplication of hatching enzyme genes in amphibians. The comprehensive investigation reported in this study will be an important basis for studying the molecular evolution of the vertebrate C6astacin genes, hatching enzyme, and its paralogous genes and for identifying these genes without the need for gene expression and functional analysis.
Effect of chronic kidney disease on all-cause mortality in tuberculosis disease: an Australian cohort study
Authors: Carr Beau Z. , Briganti Esther M. , Musemburi Joseph , Jenkin Grant A. , Denholm Justin T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
While there has been a recent epidemiological and clinical focus on the interaction between diabetes and tuberculosis, the interaction between chronic kidney disease and tuberculosis has been less studied. In particular, little is known of the effect of eGFR levels well above that seen in end stage kidney disease on mortality.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 653 adults from a large Australian hospital network, using data from a state-wide registry of reported tuberculosis cases between 2010 and 2018, with ascertainment of diabetes status and renal function data from hospital medical records and laboratory data. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality associated with categories of chronic kidney disease in adults with tuberculosis disease.

Results
Total number of deaths was 25 (3.8%). Compared to tuberculosis cases with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min, all-cause mortality was higher for those with chronic kidney disease from an eGFR level of 45 ml/min. The association was independent of sex, age and diabetes status with adjusted hazard ratio of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 14.4) for eGFR 30–44 ml/min and 8.3 (95% CI: 2.9, 23.7) for eGFR < 30 ml/min.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a notably increased risk of all-cause mortality even in those with more moderate degrees of renal impairment, in a low tuberculosis prevalence setting. The impact of these findings on a population basis are at least as significant as that found with diabetes and warrant further investigation in populations with higher tuberculosis prevalence.
Acceptability and safety of thermal ablation to prevent cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Metaxas Tania , Kenfack Bruno , Sormani Jessica , Tincho Eveline , Lemoupa Makajio Sophie , Wisniak Ania , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization recommends thermal ablation as an alternative to cryotherapy to treat women with precancerous lesions in low-resource settings. However, limited data are available on women’s experience and adverse events (AEs) of the procedure in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and safety of thermal ablation in women screened positive for precancerous cervical lesions.

Methods
Asymptomatic women aged 30–49 years old living in the Dschang Health District were invited to participate in a cervical cancer screening campaign termed “3 T-Approach” (for Test-Triage and Treat). Recruited women were asked to perform HPV self-sampling followed by triage with visual assessment and treatment with thermal ablation if required. After treatment and 4–6 weeks later, interviews were conducted to assess women’s experience on anxiety, discomfort, and pain during thermal ablation. AEs were recorded on pre-defined electronic forms 4–6 weeks after treatment to assess the procedure’s safety.

Results
Between September 2018 and December 2020, 399 HPV-positive women (18.7% of women screened) were recruited, 236 (59.1%) had a positive visual assessment, 234 were treated by thermal ablation and 198 (84.6%) received therapy in the same visit. Treatment was not considered as painful (score ≤ 4/10) by 209 (90.9%) patients while 5 (2.5%) reported high pain (score 8–10/10). During post-treatment interviews 4–6 weeks later, most reported AEs were graded mild or moderate (grade I-II). The most frequent symptoms reported as mild AEs (grade 1–2) were vaginal watery discharge (75.5%), vaginal bloody-stained discharge (21.5%) and malodourous discharge (14.5%). None of the participants experienced serious AEs (grade 3–4) or AEs requiring admission to hospital or emergency consultation. The vast majority of women (99.6%) would agree to repeat the procedure if necessary and (99.6%) would recommend it to friends or family.

Conclusion
Thermal ablation is widely accepted by women and appears as a safe procedure. It may contribute to improving the link between screening and treatment in a single visit and to optimizing cervical cancer control in low-resource settings.

Trial registration
The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03757299) in November 2018 (28/11/2018).
Depressive and anxiety symptoms among Japanese cancer survivors: Japan cancer survivorship research project
Authors: Endo Motoki , Matsui Kentaro , Akaho Rie , Mitsui Kiyomi , Yan Yan , Imai Yuya , Ueda Yuito , Muto Go , Deshpande Gautam A. , Terao Yasuhisa , Takeda Satoru , Saito Mitsue , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Nishimura Katsuji , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to clarify predictors of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms after cancer diagnosis among Japanese cancer survivors (CSs).

Methods
As part of a Japanese cancer survivorship research project commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan, we conducted a web-based nationwide survey of CSs in 2018. We analyzed the risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Japanese version (HADS).

Results
Of 1,234 Japanese CSs, mean score of HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety were 4.08 and 4.78, respectively. At the time of the study, the number of CSs with symptoms of depression and anxiety were 111 (9.0%) and 269 (21.8%), respectively. After multivariable analysis, CSs ≥ 60 years old (reference: ≤ 39 years old, odds ratios (OR): 0.39, 95%CI: 0.17–0.90) and those ≥ 10 years from cancer diagnosis (reference: 0–4 years, OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.32–0.96) had lower odds for depressive symptoms. And CSs ≥ 60 years old (reference: ≤ 39 years old, OR: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.15–0.49) and those ≥ 10 years from cancer diagnosis (reference: 0–4 years, OR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.42–0.90) also had lower odds for anxiety symptoms. CSs who received chemotherapy (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.10–2.20) had higher odds for anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions
Based on manifestation of symptoms, CSs who were younger, closer to the time of cancer diagnosis, had advanced-staged cancer, or received chemotherapy may be at higher risk for depressive or anxiety symptoms. Those CSs who have higher risk for depression and anxiety symptoms, should be followed-up more carefully for better cancer survivorship, by medical professionals, companies, and society.
The association between COVID-19-related fear and reported self-harm in a national survey of people with a lifetime history of self-harm
Authors: Keyworth Chris , Quinlivan Leah , Leather Jess Z. , O’Connor Rory C. , Armitage Christopher J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Relatively little is known about the characteristics of people living in the community who have previously self-harmed and may benefit from interventions during and after COVID-19. We therefore aimed to: (a) examine the relationship between reported self-harm and COVID-19-related fear, and (b) describe the characteristics of a community sample of people who reported a lifetime history of self-harm.

Methods
A cross-sectional national online survey of UK adults who reported a lifetime history of self-harm (n = 1029) was conducted. Data were collected May – June 2020. Main outcomes were self-reported COVID-19-related fear (based on the Fear of COVID-19 scale [FCV-19S]), lifetime history of COVID-19, and lifetime history of self-harm. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Chi-square was used to compare characteristics of our sample with available national data.

Results
Overall, 75.1, 40.2 and 74.3% of the total sample reported lifetime suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts and non-suicidal self-harm respectively. When adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, social grade, and exposure to death and suicide, binary logistic regression showed higher levels of perceived symptomatic (or physiological) reactions to COVID-19 were associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.07, 1.39) and suicidal attempts (OR = 3.91, 95%CI 1.18, 12.96) in the past week.

Conclusions
Results suggest an urgent need to consider the impact of COVID-19 on people with a lifetime history of self-harm when designing interventions to help support people in reducing suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts. Experiencing symptomatic reactions of fear in particular is associated with self-harm. Helping to support people to develop coping plans in response to threat-related fear is likely to help people at risk of repeat self-harm during public health emergencies.
The effect of local injection of tranexamic acid into peri-articular tissue versus drain clamping in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hishimura Ryosuke , Onodera Tomohiro , Ohkoshi Yasumitsu , Okada Kazufumi , Matsuoka Masatake , Matsubara Shinji , Iwasaki Koji , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used as a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic agent for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce postoperative bleeding. Though the effects on bleeding reduction of several methods of administering TXA have been demonstrated, the optimal method remains controversial. Recently, the hemostatic effect of periarticular local injection of TXA during TKA was reported. Although this method can be expected to suppress postoperative bleeding without placing a drain, its hemostatic effect has not yet been assessed in comparison with local injection and other methods of administering TXA. The aim of this randomized, prospective study was to assess the efficacy of local injection of TXA during TKA.

Methods
To confirm the effect of the local injection of TXA, drain clamping was set as the control. The subjects included a prospective series of 109 patients randomly divided into 2 groups: the local injection (group L) and the drain clamping (group D). The main outcome measure was postoperative bleeding. Secondary outcomes included pain, physical measurements, and laboratory findings.

Results
The calculated total blood loss (CTBL) in groups L and D was nearly equal and did not show the non-inferiority of group L to group D (883 ± 248 vs. 841 ± 257 ml, P = .564). Drained blood loss was significantly higher in group L than in group D (395 ± 130 vs 276 ± 78.8 ml, P < .0001). There was no significant difference in hidden blood loss between the groups (488 ± 269 vs 565 ± 261 ml, P = .131). The other laboratory findings and physical measurements were identical between the groups.

Conclusions
Although CTBL in group L did not show non-inferiority to group D, the local injection of TXA was considered to be superior for suppressing bleeding considering the risk of the adverse effects of using a drain.

Trial registration
This was a randomized, prospective study registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: UMIN000036146, date of disclosure: 10/3/2019).