bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fake news mediate the relationship between sociopolitical factors and vaccination intent in Brazil
Authors: de Medeiros Priscila Muniz , Muniz de Medeiros Patrícia 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Vaccination hesitancy has become a central concern and is a barrier to overcoming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis. Studies have indicated that mis/disinformation plays a role on the attitudes and behaviours towards vaccination. However, further formal statistical models are required to investigate how fake news relates to vaccination intent and how they mediate the relationship between socioeconomic/political factors and vaccination intent. We studied a sample of 500 Brazilians and found that people were mostly not susceptible to vaccine mis/disinformation. In addition, we found that their vaccination intent was high. However, suspicions that fake news could be true raised doubts over the vaccination intention. Although age and political orientation directly influenced vaccination intent, we found that the relationship between socioeconomic/political factors and vaccination intent was strongly mediated by belief in fake news. Our results raise the need to create multiple strategies to combat the dissemination and acceptance of such content.
Promoter replacement of ANT1 induces anthocyanin accumulation and triggers the shade avoidance response through developmental, physiological and metabolic reprogramming in tomato
Authors: Cerqueira João Victor Abreu , Zhu Feng , Mendes Karoline , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Martins Samuel Cordeiro Vitor , Benedito Vagner , Fernie Alisdair R , Zsögön Agustin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of anthocyanins is a well-known response to abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the effects of anthocyanin accumulation on light absorbance and photosynthesis are unknown . Here, we addressed this question using a promoter replacement line of tomato constitutively expressing a MYB transcription factor (ANTHOCYANIN1, ANT1) that leads to anthocyanin accumulation. ANT1-overexpressing plants displayed traits associated with shade avoidance response: thinner leaves, lower seed germination rate, suppressed side branching, increased chlorophyll concentration, and lower photosynthesis rates than the wild type. Anthocyanin-rich leaves exhibited higher absorbance of light in the blue and red ends of the spectrum, while higher anthocyanin content in leaves provided photoprotection to high irradiance. Analyses of gene expression and primary metabolites content showed that anthocyanin accumulation produces a reconfiguration of transcriptional and metabolic networks that is consistent with, but not identical to those described for the shade avoidance response. Our results provide novel insights about how anthocyanins accumulation affects the trade-off between photoprotection and growth.
Coping with Complexity: Toward Epistemological Pluralism in Climate–Conflict Scholarship
Authors: Beaumont Paul , Coning Cedric de 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, climate security has become an increasingly salient policy agenda in international fora. Yet, despite a large body of research, the empirical links between climate-change and conflict remain highly uncertain. This paper contends that uncertainty around climate–conflict links should be understood as characteristic of complex social–ecological systems rather than a problem that can be fully resolved. Rather than striving to eliminate uncertainty, we suggest that researchers need to learn to cope with it. To this end, this article advances a set of principles for guiding scholarly practice when investigating a complex phenomenon: recognizing epistemological uncertainty, embracing epistemological diversity, and practicing humility and dialogue across difference. Taken together we call this ethos epistemological pluralism, whereby scholars self-consciously recognize the limits of their chosen epistemology for understanding the climate–conflict nexus and engage with other approaches without attempting to usurp them. Reviewing the last decade of climate–conflict scholarship, we show that climate–conflict research already manifests many of these ideals; however, we also identify problematic patterns of engagement across epistemological divides and thus plenty of scope for improvement. To illustrate why a diversity of methods (e.g., qualitative and quantitative) will not suffice, the article critically discusses prior research to illustrate why at least two epistemological approaches—constructivism and positivism—cannot be synthesized or integrated without significant analytical cost, and elaborates why excluding insights from any one would lead to an impoverished understanding of the climate–conflict nexus. We conclude with five practical recommendations of how scholars can help realize the ideal of epistemological pluralism in practice.
Massive Burn Injuries: Characteristics and Outcomes From a Single Institution
Authors: Heard J , Cronin Laura , Romanowski K , Greenhalgh D , Palmieri T , Sen S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Massive burn injuries are a unique patient population with unique treatment paradigms. Data from 155 adult patients, admitted from 2009 to 2019, with &gt;50% total body surface area burns (TBSA) were collected and analyzed. Average burn size was 70% TBSA and 63% had a concomitant inhalation injury. Approximately 30% of patients (46/155) transitioned to comfort care-only measures within 24 hours of admission. Standard treatment patients were younger (37 ± 13 vs 60 ± 19 years; p &lt; .00001), male (94% vs 28%; p = .001) and had smaller TBSA (66 ± 13 vs 80 ± 16; p &lt; .00001). Of the standard treatment group, 72 (66%) survived to discharge. Survivors had smaller TBSA (64 ± 13 vs 71 ± 13; p = .003), less third-degree TBSA (48 ± 25 vs 71 ± 13; p = .003) and lower incidence of renal failure requiring dialysis (22% vs 73%, p &lt; .00001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.05; p = .025), total TBSA (OR 1.07; p = .005), and renal failure (OR 10.2; p = .00005) were independently associated with mortality. Inhalation injury was not significantly associated with mortality. About 23% (35/155) of patients had a psychiatric condition on admission and 19% (30/155) of patients were burned attempting suicide. Patients with psychiatric conditions spent more time in the hospital (62 vs 30 days; p = .004), more time on ventilator (31 vs 12 days; p = .046), underwent more surgery (4 vs 2 operations, p = .03), and were less likely to die (34% vs 59%; p = .02). In summary, age, burn size, and renal failure were independently associated with mortality, with renal failure being the strongest factor. Psychiatric conditions are prevalent pre-injury and tend to require more inpatient care.
Time counts? A two-wave panel study investigating the effects of WeChat affordances on social capital and well-being
Authors: Zhang Lianshan , Jung Eun Hwa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrawing from the social capital framework and socioemotional selectivity theory, this study examines how individuals’ future time perspective (FTP) alters their social capital processes, which further influences their well-being. A two-wave survey was conducted across WeChat users possessing different FTPs. The findings showed that bonding and bridging social capital accumulation were attributed to differential WeChat affordances, which in turn exerted disparate influences on individuals’ positive affect and psychological well-being. Importantly, multigroup analyses revealed that future-oriented users were more fulfilled from the broadcasting affordance, whereas present-oriented users derived more emotional gains from the association affordance. Notably, frequent engagement with the reviewability affordance was found to diminish WeChat bonding social capital only for those who possessed open-ended FTP. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge of social media affordances and provide practical implications for social media developers in harnessing social media to improve users’ well-being across lifespans by considering their priority of social goals.
Association of intermittency with electron heating in the near-Sun solar wind
Authors: Phillips C , Bandyopadhyay R , McComas D J , Bale S D 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Several studies in the near-Earth environment show that intermittent structures are important sites of energy dissipation and particle energization. Recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) data, sampled in the near-Sun environment, have shown that proton heating is concentrated near coherent structures, suggesting local heating of protons by turbulent cascade in this region. However, whether electrons exhibit similar behaviour in the near-Sun environment is not clear. Here, we address this question using PSP data collected near the Sun during the first seven orbits. We use the partial variance of increments (PVI) technique to identify coherent structures. We find that electron temperature is preferentially enhanced near strong discontinuities. Our results provide strong support for the inhomogeneous heating of electrons in the ‘young’ solar wind associated with the dissipation of turbulent fluctuations near intermittent structures.
Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation
Authors: Bowerman Andrew F , Byrt Caitlin S , Roy Stuart John , Whitney Spencer M , Mortimer Jenny C , Ankeny Rachel A , Gilliham Matthew , Zhang Dabing , Millar Anthony A , Rebetzke Greg J , Pogson Barry J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a “hotter drier climate,” but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
Predicting future publishing success among sociologists at time of hire in the US Higher education system
Authors: Hermanowicz Joseph C , Scheitle Christopher P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article assesses the characteristics of faculty members’ publishing records at the start of a first assistant professor position in order to predict their continued publication productivity. Using data from nearly 500 US-based sociologists, we examine how indicators, such as number of published articles, the extent of sole authorship, journal placement, and doctoral pedigree, predict success in publishing. After accounting for year of PhD, primary research methodology, and demographic characteristics, the analysis finds that the total number of articles published at the time of hire is not a significant predictor of future productivity. But the number of sole-authored articles published at the time of hire is positively associated with subsequent publication. The analysis also finds that doctoral pedigree is negatively associated with the total number of articles published post-hire but positively associated with publishing in top sociology journals. The authors suggest that faculty with different doctoral origins pursue varied publishing ‘scripts’ in their careers. Sole authorship operates as a potent trigger at career onset for cumulative advantage. In the context of the reward system of science, a moral community identifies early solo work as a sign of work prowess, which begets further publishing success.
Discussion on the entrepreneurial university in Spain: The case of the Madrid Region
Authors: Quintero Natalia Dévora , Serrano Gonzalo León 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA central theme in the literature has been the identification of the factors that drive the creation of entrepreneurial universities. The application of these factors and university institutional commitment become essential to overcome the institutional barriers that may exist. Moreover, some authors have warned that in some university systems, transformation becomes a challenge due to high dependence on the State. In this paper, we have examined whether the dependence of Spanish universities on the State can be interpreted as an inhibitor of the transformation process, as well as the institutional commitment of several universities to become entrepreneurial entities, in a national framework that—considering the literature—would not seem the most optimal to achieve it. We note that the State is not an inhibitor, but not all universities show the same internal commitment. When universities are committed to change, the process is accelerated by the sum of two impulses.
Biological Control of Grapevine Crown Gall Disease, Caused by Allorhizobium vitis, Using Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN
Authors: Trong Nguyen-Huu , Doré Jeanne , Gaucher Matthieu , Jacquard Cédric , Richet Nicolas , Leclère Vincent , Aït Barka Essaïd , Brisset Marie Noëlle , Kerzaon Isabelle , Lavire Céline , Clément Christophe , Vial Ludovic , Sanchez Lisa 
Published: November 2022

Controlling crown gall in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) caused by the pathogenic bacterium Allorhizobium vitis is a major challenge for global viticulture, as this pathogen is highly persistent in vineyards once infected. The bacteria can enter the plant through open wounds during pruning and then systemically colonize the plant. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, a beneficial endophytic bacterium able to colonize the xylem of grapevine, the same ecological niche as A. vitis, to control grapevine crown gall disease. P. phytofirmans PsJN was root-inoculated on grapevine plantlets before infection by A. vitis S4 on shoots. A. vitis S4 level in planta, vitopine production, accumulation of lignin in tumors, and symptoms of crown gall were investigated on grapevine prebacterized or not with PsJN. The expression of 28 grapevine genes involved in defense mechanisms was also simultaneously determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Despite a direct antibacterial effect against AvS4, PsJN has no significant impact on the incidence of crown gall or disease severity. However, PsJN leads to a stronger accumulation of vitopine in tumors and significantly reduced the population level of the pathogen in planta. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Breaking the Silence: A Mental Health Initiative to Reduce Stigma Among Medical Students
Authors: Brenner Louisa Dru , Wei Helen , Sakthivel Meera , Farley Brianna , Blythe Kate , Woodruff James N. , Lee Wei Wei 
Published: November 2022

Problem
Mental health conditions are common among medical students. While stigma contributes to low rates of help seeking, little programming exists to address stigma.

Approach
In 2015, the authors developed a mental health initiative (MHI) to combat stigma at the Pritzker School of Medicine featuring 3 elements: (1) Mental Health Panel, an annual first-year event where faculty/peers share mental health stories; (2) Pritzker, I Screwed Up, an annual all-school event where faculty/peers share experiences with failure; and (3) Humans of Pritzker, a social media initiative featuring students’ mental health posts. Postevent surveys and the 2021–2022 MHI survey assessed student satisfaction and impact on stigma and help-seeking behaviors. Student Counseling Services utilization rates for medical and nonmedical students were compared for academic years 2014–2015 vs 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 to account for the pandemic’s impact on mental health care utilization.

Outcomes
The MHI survey response rate was 61% (261/430). Respondents were distributed across class-years. Most were female (57%, 150/261). The majority agreed they could speak about mental health without judgment from peers (78%, 203/259) and faculty (57%, 149/260). Most (62%, 161/260) utilized mental health services during medical school. Of these, 41% (66/161) agreed that MHI programming contributed to their decision to seek care. On the 2021–2022 Mental Health Panel and Pritzker, I Screwed Up evaluations, almost all agreed that faculty/peers sharing experiences destigmatized mental illness (99%, 78/79) and making mistakes (96%, 152/159). Student Counseling Services utilization increased from 8% (32/389) for 2014–2015 to 19% (75/394) for 2018–2019 and 33% (136/406) for 2020–2021 for medical students, compared with 19% (2,248/12,138) to 21% (3,024/14,293) and 22% (3,285/15,004) for nonmedical students.

Next Steps
Faculty and peers sharing mental health stories may help reduce stigma and increase help seeking in medical students. Future work should explore the longitudinal impact of programming and disseminating similar initiatives at other institutions.
Risk Factors for Reoperation to Promote Union in 1111 Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Lee Christopher , Brodke Dane , O'Hara Nathan , Devana Sai , Hernandez Adolfo , Burke Cynthia , Gupta Jayesh , McKibben Natasha , O'Toole Robert , Morellato John , Gillon Hunter , Walters Murphy , Barber Colby , Perdue Paul , Dekeyser Graham , Steffenson Lillia , Marchand Lucas , Fairres Marshall James , Black Loren , Working Zachary , Roddy Erika , El Naga Ashraf , Hogue Matthew , Gulbrandsen Trevor , Atassi Omar , Mitchell Thomas , Shymon Stephen 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for reoperation to promote union after distal femur fracture.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Ten Level-I trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Patients with OTA/AO 33A or C distal femur fractures (n = 1111).

Intervention:
Surgical fixation of distal femur fracture. Fixation constructs were classified as lateral plate, dual plate, nail, or nail plate combination.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The outcome of interest was unplanned reoperation to promote union.

Results:
There was an 11% (121/1111) rate of unplanned reoperation to promote union. In the multivariate analysis, predictive factors included body mass index [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.32; P < 0.01], intra-articular fracture (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01–2.45; P = 0.04), type III open injury (OR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.41–3.72; P < 0.01), the presence of medial comminution (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14–3.06; P = 0.01), and medial translation on postoperative radiographs (OR = 1.23 per one 10th of condylar width; 95% CI, 1.01–1.48; P = 0.03). Construct type was not significantly predictive.

Conclusions:
Eleven percent of distal femur fractures underwent unplanned reoperation to promote union. Body mass index, intra-articular fracture, type III open injury, medial comminution, and medial translation on postoperative radiographs were predictive factors. Construct type was not associated with unplanned reoperation; however, this conclusion was limited by small numbers in the dual plate and nail plate groups.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Potential mechanism of pyrotinib-induced diarrhea was explored by gut microbiome and ileum metabolomics
Authors: Lai Jingjiang , Zhuo Xiaoli , Yin Ke , Jiang Fengxian , Liu Lei , Xu Xiaoying , Liu Hongjing , Wang Jingliang , Zhao Jing , Xu Wei , Yang Shuping , Guo Honglin , Yuan Xiaotian , Lin Xiaoyan , Qi Fanghua , Fu Guobin 
Published: November 2022

Background
Pyrotinib is a novel epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that exhibited clinical efficacy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and HER2-mutant/amplified lung cancer. However, severe diarrhea adverse responses preclude its practical use. At present, the mechanism of pyrotinib-induced diarrhea is unknown and needs further study.

Methods
First, to develop a suitable and reproducible animal model, we compared the effects of different doses of pyrotinib (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. Second, we used this model to examine the intestinal toxicity of pyrotinib. Finally, the mechanism underlying pyrotinib-induced diarrhea was fully studied using gut microbiome and host intestinal tissue metabolomics profiling.

Results
Reproducible diarrhea occurred in rats when they were given an 80 mg/kg daily dose of pyrotinib. Using the pyrotinib-induced model, we observed that Lachnospiraceae and Acidaminococcaceae decreased in the pyrotinib groups, whereas Enterobacteriaceae, Helicobacteraceae and Clostridiaceae increased at the family level by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Multiple bioinformatics methods revealed that glycocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and cyclic AMP increased in the pyrotinib groups, whereas kynurenic acid decreased, which may be related to the pathogenesis of pyrotinib-induced diarrhea. Additionally, pyrotinib-induced diarrhea may be associated with a number of metabolic changes mediated by the gut microbiome, such as Primary bile acid biosynthesis.

Conclusion
We reported the establishment of a reproducible pyrotinib-induced animal model for the first time. Furthermore, we concluded from this experiment that gut microbiome imbalance and changes in related metabolites are significant contributors to pyrotinib-induced diarrhea.