bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant: Exergetic Study
Authors: Faleh Salha , Khir Tahar 
Published: March 2022

The combined solid oxide fuel cells and gas turbine hybrid system is known to be a promise alternative for power generation with high efficiency. This paper presents the third part of the parametric study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system generating 120 MW Net power. The studied parameters are Pressure P, pre-reformed fraction Xr, extraction fraction fs, H2 flow, and air flow. Their effects on the performances of SOFC-GT hybrid system are investigated. The Engineering Equations Solver (EES) simulation is established to analyze the SOFC-GT exergetic and energetic system performances. The results show that increasing the air and fuel flows enhance system exergy. In contrary, the pressure at the SOFC and the extraction fraction negatively affects the exergy performance of the hybrid plant. It is also found that the combustion chamber, pre-reformer, and SOFC represent the greatest exergy destroyers.
Histologic and Clinical Correlates of Multiplex Stool Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Results
Authors: Hissong Erika , Mowers Jon , Zhao Lili , Greenson Joel K. , Bachman Michael , Lamps Laura W. 
Published: March 2022

Context.—
Multiplex stool polymerase chain reaction tests (SPTs) simultaneously test for many enteric pathogens. However, the clinical significance of a positive result, particularly in the context of chronic gastrointestinal disease, remains controversial.

Objective.—
To determine whether SPT results correlate with findings on colon biopsies obtained within a week of SPT or with clinical features.

Design.—
We reviewed 261 colon biopsies during a 15-month period that were obtained within a week of SPT, along with available clinical information, from patients with and without chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (CIIBD). Statistical analysis was used to test associations between SPT result, histologic features, and clinical variables.

Results.—
The most commonly detected pathogens were Clostridium difficile, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus. The presence of underlying CIIBD did not correlate with a positive SPT result or with a specific pathogen. Positive SPT result was significantly associated with neutrophilic activity, pseudomembranes, and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. In addition, the presence of C difficile on SPT was significantly associated with pseudomembranes and neutrophilic activity. There were no other statistically significant relationships between SPT result and any other histologic abnormality. Only about half of SPT positive results were acted on clinically, and most patients with CIIBD were managed as having a presumed IBD flare.

Conclusions.—
SPTs have many advantages; however, interpretation of results, particularly in the background of chronic gastrointestinal disease, remains a challenge. Therapeutic decisions influenced by a positive SPT result should integrate biopsy findings, clinical data, and other laboratory testing to avoid inappropriate treatment.
Intermolekulare Carbosilylierung von α‐Olefinen mit C(sp3)−C(sp)‐Bindungsknüpfung unter Neubildung von Silyliumionen
Authors: He Tao , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Grimme Stefan , Oestreich Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEs wird über eine regioselektive Addition von Alkinylsilanen an nichtaktivierte, endständige Alkene berichtet. Die Reaktion wird durch Abfangen eines sterisch ungehinderten Silyliumions von einem silylierten Phenylacetylenderivat unter Bildung eines bissilylierten ketenartigen Carbokations eingeleitet. Diese lokal erzeugte Schlüsselzwischenstufe ist der tatsächliche Katalysator, der den Katalysecyclus über eine Abfolge von elektrophilen Additionsreaktionen von Silyliumionen und durch den β‐Siliciumeffekt stabilisierten Carbokationen aufrechterhält. Der berechnete Reaktionsmechanismus steht in vollständigem Einklang mit den experimentellen Befunden. Mit dieser vormals unbekannten Zweikomponentencarbosilylierung werden eine C(sp3)−C(sp)‐ und eine C(sp3)−Si‐Bindung atomökonomisch aufgebaut.
Photocontrollable Probes for Mitochondrial Protein Profiling
Authors: Guo Shuhong , Yuan Chaonan , Lang Wenjie , Hong Danqi , Liu Jian , Huang Jintao , Dong Jia , Ge Jingyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mitochondrion is the core site of cell signaling, energy metabolism and biosynthesis. Here, taking advantage of activity‐based probes, we synthesized two photocontrollable probes (YGH‐1 and YGH‐2), composed of a mitochondrial localization moiety “triphenylphosphonium”, a photo‐triggered group to achieve spatially and temporally controlled protein capture, and an alkyne group to enrich the labeled protein. Proteomic validation was further carried out to facilitate identification of the mitochondrial proteome in HeLa cells. The results show that half of the identified protein hits (∼300) labeled by YGH‐1 and YGH‐2 belong to mitochondria, and are mostly localized in the mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane. Our results provide a new tool for spatial and temporal analysis of subcellular proteomes.
C‐Nitrosothioformamide: A Donor Template for Dual Release of HNO and H2S
Authors: Kelly Shane S. , Ni Xiang , Yuen Vivian , Radford Miles N. , Xian Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractC‐Nitrosothioformamide was demonstrated to be a donor template for dual release of HNO and COS triggered by a retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction. COS is an H2S precursor in the presence of carbonic anhydrase. This process produces HNO and H2S in a slow but steady manner. As such, the direct reaction between HNO and H2S under this situation appears to be minor. This may provide a useful tool for studying the synergistic effects of HNO and H2S.
Young woman with hypophosphatasia: A case report
Authors: Siami Haleh , Parsamanesh Negin , Besharati Kivi Shahin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disease defined by teeth and bone mineralization impairment leading to depletion of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase. We define a young woman diagnosed with hypophosphatasia (after several times alkaline phosphatase levels were low) was discovered following femoral fracture. A 30‐year‐old woman who presented for a history of early permanent teeth loss during the last 5 years and HPP‐like symptoms in family history and bone radiograph verified bowing, deficient mineralization, and symmetrical subtrochanteric stress fractures of femurs was referred to our clinic for further management. Blood test findings defined raised phosphorus levels on two occasions at 6.2 and 5.7 mg/dl and insufficient 25‐hydroxy vitamin D level. HPP early diagnosis and adequate treatment, depending on the clinical symptoms along with laboratory tests, could be effective in decreasing the suffering of the disease and side effects.
Electrocatalysts Derived from Copper Complexes Transform CO into C2+ Products Effectively in a Flow Cell
Authors: Ren Shaoxuan , Zhang Zishuai , Lees Eric W. , Fink Arthur G. , Melo Luke , Hunt Camden , Dvorak David J. , Yu Wu Wen , Grant Edward R. , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reactors that electrolytically convert CO2 into higher‐value chemicals and fuels often pass a concentrated hydroxide electrolyte across the cathode. This strongly alkaline medium converts the majority of CO2 into unreactive HCO3− and CO32− byproducts rather than into CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) products. The electrolysis of CO (instead of CO2) does not suffer from this undesirable reaction chemistry because CO does not react with OH−. Moreover, CO can be more readily reduced into products containing two or more carbon atoms (i. e., C2+ products) compared to CO2. We demonstrate here that an electrocatalyst layer derived from copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) mediates this conversion effectively in a flow cell. This catalyst achieved a 25 % higher selectivity for acetate formation at 200 mA/cm2 than a known state‐of‐art oxide‐derived Cu catalyst tested in the same flow cell. A gas diffusion electrode coated with CuPc electrolyzed CO into C2+ products at high rates of product formation (i. e., current densities ≥200 mA/cm2), and at high faradaic efficiencies for C2+ production (FEC2+; >70 % at 200 mA/cm2). While operando Raman spectroscopy did not reveal evidence of structural changes to the copper molecular complex, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that the catalyst undergoes conversion to a metallic copper species during catalysis. Notwithstanding, the ligand environment about the metal still impacts catalysis, which we demonstrated through the study of a homologous CuPc bearing ethoxy substituents. These findings reveal new strategies for using metal complexes for the formation of carbon‐neutral chemicals and fuels at industrially relevant conditions.
Topologically‐Interlocked Minicircles as Probes of DNA Topology and DNA–Protein Interactions
Authors: Rajendran Arivazhagan , Krishnamurthy Kirankumar , Park Seojeong , Nakata Eiji , Kwon Youngjoo , Morii Takashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Prof. Takashi Morii and co‐workers at Kyoto University and Ewha Womans University. The cover image depicts the graphical design and atomic force microscopic (AFM) images of the synthesized topologically‐interlocked DNA catenane and rotaxanes inside a frame‐shaped DNA origami. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200108.
Prioritization and sequential exclusion of articles in systematic reviews
Authors: Saif‐Ur‐Rahman K. M. , Hasan Md. , Hossain Shahed , Anwar Iqbal , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Yatsuya Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to match the causes of exclusion among two independent review authors after screening the title and abstract or full texts in systematic reviews. We have proposed the prioritization and sequential exclusion approach to reduce the subjectivity in reporting reasons for exclusion. This approach might reduce the burden of mismatched numbers while describing the cause of exclusion.
Circulating HBV RNA: From biology to clinical applications
Authors: Deng Rui , Liu Shi , Shen Sheng , Guo Haitao , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chronic HBV infection can hardly be cured due to the persistence of an intrahepatic pool of viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) transcription template, which is refractory to current antivirals. The direct analyses of cccDNA quantity and transcriptional activity require an invasive biopsy. Recently, circulating HBV RNA has been identified as a promising noninvasive surrogate marker of cccDNA and can be used for monitoring disease progression and predicting prognosis of patients with chronic HBV infection. To better understand this surrogate biomarker of cccDNA, we reviewed the current knowledge about the molecular characteristics and potential clinical applications of circulating HBV RNA. Specifically, we summarized the reported species and existing forms of circulating HBV RNA and discussed their biogenesis and the capacity of de novo infection by RNA virions. Moreover, we described the potential applications of circulating HBV RNA in different clinical scenarios, such as classifying the phases of chronic HBV infection, analyzing sustained on‐treatment and off‐treatment outcomes of treated patients, as well as predicting HCC development. Perspectives on future research of circulating HBV RNA were also proposed in this review.
Antiapoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects of Pparγ agonist, pioglitazone, reversed Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity through mediating of miR‐130a downregulation in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Pakravan Golnaz , Peymani Maryam , Abedpoor Navid , Safaeinejad Zahra , Yadegari Mehrdad , Derakhshan Maryam , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Ghaedi Kamran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox) is an antitumor agent widely used in cancer therapy, with notable side effects of cardiac toxicity. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), is a transcriptional factor with antiapoptotic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Recently we indicated that cardiac toxicity of Dox was due to upregulation of miR‐130a and further suppressive effect on cardiac Pparγ in vitro. In this study, we extended our proposed hypothesis in vivo. To achieve this, pioglitazone (Pio) and GW9662 were used as the specific agonist and antagonist of Pparγ to treat Dox‐injected mice. Heart function, apoptosis, and inflammation in heart tissue were studied. Pretreatment of Dox‐injected mice with Pio resulted in elevated expression of Pparγ and suppression of miR‐130a. However, GW9662 pretreatment was unable to increase miR‐130a expression. Pio pretreatment led to partially cardiac toxicity limitation of Dox whereas GW9662 caused heart damage. Finally, our observation determined that activation of Pparγ was not adequate to reverse the Dox‐induced toxicity completely.
Gymnemic acid protects murine pancreatic β‐cells by moderating hyperglycemic stress‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Kannan Pugazhendhi , Karthikeyan Porkodi , Subramaniam Nirmala , Mohan Thangarajeswari , Gopinath Bhavani , Chakrapani Lakshmi N. , Palanivelu Shanthi , Raghunathan Malathi , Periandavan Kalaiselvi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a chronic immune‐mediated disease caused by pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction with consequent severe insulin deficiency. Exacerbated blood glucose levels can cause oxidative stress in the pancreatic β‐cells, which leads to inflammation, and apoptosis resulting in islet dysfunction. Although massive studies have been carried out to elucidate the causative factors for β‐cell damage in diabetes, the therapeutic approach to pancreatic β‐cell damage has not been extensively studied. Hence, the present study has been designed to delineate the role of gymnemic acid (GA) in protecting pancreatic β‐cells in diabetic animals, with special reference to inflammation and apoptosis. Our data revealed that the treatment with GA significantly reverted the alteration in both biochemical and histochemical observations in young diabetic rats. Moreover, treatment with the GA downregulates the expression of proinflammatory markers (nuclear factor‐κB, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐[IL]‐6, and IL‐1β), proapoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase‐3), as well as upregulates the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 in diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic nature of GA mitigates β‐cell damage in hyperglycemic rats.
Preclinical activity of fluvastatin‐loaded self‐nanoemulsifying delivery system against breast cancer models: Emphasis on apoptosis
Authors: Elimam Hanan , Hussein Jihan , Abdel‐Latif Yasmin , Abdel‐Aziz Amal Kamal , El‐Say Khalid M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStatins trigger apoptotic cell death in some types of growing tumor cells in a cholesterol‐lowering‐independent manner. Self‐nanoemulsifying delivery systems (SNEDs) are potentially effective for the suppression of breast cancer development. This study aims to investigate the potential anticancer activity of fluvastatin (FLV)‐SNEDs in breast cancer while comparing it with FLV in vitro as well as in vivo exploiting/using MDA‐MB‐231 and Erhlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)‐bearing mice, respectively. Biochemical analysis of liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological examinations of such tumor tissues were performed showing the potentiality of SNEDs as a nanocarrier for antitumor agents. FLV‐SNEDs demonstrated more potent anticancer activity compared to FLV on MDA‐MB‐231 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In vivo experiments on the EAC‐bearing mice model indicated that FLV and—to a greater extent—FLV‐SNEDs ameliorated EAC‐induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. FLV or FLV‐SNEDs evidently reduced the percent of Ki‐67 +ve EAC cells by 57.5% and 86.5% in comparison to the vehicle‐treated EAC group. In addition, FLV or FLV‐SNEDs decreased Bcl‐2 levels in serum and liver specimens. In contrast, FLV or FLV‐SNEDs significantly activated the executioner caspase‐3. Simultaneously, both FLV and FLV‐SNEDs stimulated p53 signaling and modulated Bcl‐2 protein levels in treated cells. Collectively, these results support the contribution of apoptotic cell death in mediating the anticancer activities of FLV and FLV‐SNEDs against murine EAC model in vivo. This study provides new understandings of how FLV and FLV‐SNEDs regulate EAC cell viability via upregulation of p53 signaling, and through modulation of cleaved caspase‐3 as well as antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 marker.
Mitochondria–actin cytoskeleton crosstalk in cell migration
Authors: Yadav Tarun , Gau David , Roy Partha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondria perform diverse functions in the cell and their roles during processes such as cell survival, differentiation, and migration are increasingly being appreciated. Mitochondrial and actin cytoskeletal networks not only interact with each other, but this multifaceted interaction shapes their functional dynamics. The interrelation between mitochondria and the actin cytoskeleton extends far beyond the requirement of mitochondrial ATP generation to power actin dynamics, and impinges upon several major aspects of cellular physiology. Being situated at the hub of cell signaling pathways, mitochondrial function can alter the activity of actin regulatory proteins and therefore modulate the processes downstream of actin dynamics such as cellular migration. As we will discuss, this regulation is highly nuanced and operates at multiple levels allowing mitochondria to occupy a strategic position in the regulation of migration, as well as pathological events that rely on aberrant cell motility such as cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the crosstalk that exists between mitochondria and actin regulatory proteins, and further emphasize on how this interaction holds importance in cell migration in normal as well as dysregulated scenarios as in cancer.
Pathologically Verified Corticobasal Degeneration Mimicking Richardson's Syndrome Coexisting with Clinically and Radiologically Shunt‐Responsive Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Saitoh Yuji , Iwasaki Masaki , Mizutani Masashi , Kimura Yukio , Hasegawa Masato , Sato Noriko , Takao Masaki , Takahashi Yuji 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) manifests as gait instability, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. This clinical triad of NPH sometimes occurs with ventriculomegaly in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Patients with pathologically verified neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), have received antemortem diagnoses of NPH.ObjectivesThis study presents clinical and pathological features of a patient with pathologically verified corticobasal degeneration (CBD) coexisting with clinically shunt‐responsive NPH.MethodsWe performed clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluations in a patient with CBD whose antemortem diagnosis was PSP Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS) coexisting with shunt‐responsive NPH.ResultsA 59‐year‐old woman developed bradykinesia and gait instability and then frequent falls, urinary incontinence, and supranuclear vertical gaze palsy followed. At 63 years of age, her gait disturbance and urinary incontinence had deteriorated rapidly, and cognitive impairment was disclosed. There were typical findings of NPH with ventriculomegaly and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus as well as a 2‐layer appearance with decreased and increased cerebral blood perfusion. Shunt placement ameliorated gait instability for more than 1 year and improved radiological indicators of NPH. However, atrophy of the midbrain progressed with time after transient increases in size. Although the antemortem diagnosis was probable PSP‐RS, pathological evaluation verified CBD. There were severe discontinuities of the ependymal lining of the lateral ventricles and subependymal rarefaction and gliosis with tau‐positive deposition.ConclusionsShunt surgery could ameliorate NPH symptoms in patients with 4‐repeat tauopathies. Careful assessments of clinical findings are necessary to predict the benefits of shunts as a therapeutic option for patients with neurodegenerative diseases coexisting with NPH.
Responsivity enhancement techniques for CMOS source‐driven terahertz detectors
Authors: Wu Hao , Fu Haipeng , Meng Fanyi , Ma Kaixue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe size and asymmetry effects of MOSFET detectors operating in a source‐driven configuration on responsivity are discussed in this paper. Seven MOSFET detectors with different sizes and structures are fabricated in a standard 55 nm CMOS technology. At 2.58 THz, the measurement results show that for the symmetric device, the minimum size MOSFET can achieve a higher responsivity, and for the asymmetric device, when the ratio of the source channel width to the drain channel width reaches 4:1 or higher, the asymmetric detector can achieve a higher responsivity than the detector based on the minimum size device available in the process. The best responsivity of the 2.03 kV/W is achieved by the asymmetry structure MOSFET detector with the ratio of the source channel width to the drain channel width reaching 4:1.
Dynamic brain ADC variations over the cardiac cycle and their relation to tissue strain assessed with DENSE at high‐field MRI
Authors: Sloots Jacob‐Jan , Froeling Martijn , Biessels Geert Jan , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe ADC of brain tissue slightly varies over the cardiac cycle. This variation could reflect physiology, including mixing of the interstitial fluid, relevant for brain waste clearance. However, it is known from cardiac diffusion imaging that tissue deformation by itself affects the magnitude of the MRI signal, leading to artificial ADC variations as well. This study investigates to what extent tissue deformation causes artificial ADC variations in the brain.Theory and MethodsWe implemented a high‐field MRI sequence with stimulated echo acquisition mode that simultaneously measures brain tissue deformation and ADC. Based on the measured tissue deformation, we simulated the artificial ADC variation by combining established theoretical frameworks and compared the results with the measured ADC variation. We acquired data in 8 healthy volunteers with diffusion weighting b = 300 and b = 1000 s/mm2.ResultsApparent diffusion coefficient variation was largest in the feet‐to‐head direction and showed the largest deviation from the mean ADC at peak systole. Artificial ADC variation estimated from tissue deformation was 1.3 ± 0.37·10−5 mm2/s in the feet‐to‐head direction for gray matter, and 0.75 ± 0.29·10−5 mm2/s for white matter. The measured ADC variation in the feet‐to‐head direction was 5.6·10−5 ± 1.5·10−5 mm2/s for gray matter and 3.2·10−5 ± 1.0·10−5 mm2/s for white matter, which was a factor of 3.5 ± 0.82 and 3.4 ± 0.57 larger than the artificial diffusion variations. The measured diffusion variations in the right‐to‐left/anterior‐to‐posterior direction were a factor of 1.5 ± 1.0/1.7 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 0.91/2.5 ± 0.94 larger than the artificial diffusion variations for gray matter and white matter, respectively.ConclusionApparent diffusion coefficient variations in the brain likely largely reflect physiology.