bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of hierarchical structure of the surface dust layer on the modelling of comet gas production
Authors: Skorov Yu , Reshetnyk V , Bentley M S , Rezac L , Hartogh P , Blum J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A hierarchical model of microstructure of cometary dust seems to accurately capture the morphological complexity of these particles as observed by the Rosetta mission to the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The main aim of this work is to investigate how uncertainties in the knowledge of the microstructure of the surface layer affect our estimates of gas production. New models that incorporate scale of inhomogenieties in a sound theoretical framework are used for hierarchical dust layers. The studied layers are constructed in two steps: first we design ballistic aggregates as the building units and then, using these porous blocks, assemble the layers constrained by the known porosity range. The mean pore size and permeability are studied. Modelling is performed for various values of porosity, grain size, and layer thickness. The simulation results are embedded in the thermal model, explicitly including a radiation thermal conductivity and a resistance of the dust layer for the gas flow. It is shown that the average pore size is satisfactorily approximated by a linear function of the ratio of the effective porosity of the layer to the degree of filling. Simple fittings were obtained for the layer permeability. Our results indicate that in the expected range of nucleus porosity, the gas production rate is weakly dependent on the detailed layer microstructure, and appropriate effective values of homogeneous dust layers can be used to evaluate the gas activity. We also note that adding complex elements into the model yields unavoidable statistical uncertainties within several tens of per cent.
Improved MSC Minimal Criteria to Maximize Patient Safety: A Call to Embrace Tissue Factor and Hemocompatibility Assessment of MSC Products
Authors: Moll Guido , Ankrum James A , Olson Scott D , Nolta Jan A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The number of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapeutics and types of clinical applications have greatly diversified during the past decade, including rapid growth of poorly regulated “Stem Cell Clinics” offering diverse “Unproven Stem Cell Interventions.” This product diversification necessitates a critical evaluation of the reliance on the 2006 MSC minimal criteria to not only define MSC identity but characterize MSC suitability for intravascular administration. While high-quality MSC therapeutics have been safely administered intravascularly in well-controlled clinical trials, repeated case reports of mild-to-more-severe adverse events have been reported. These are most commonly related to thromboembolic complications upon infusion of highly procoagulant tissue factor (TF/CD142)-expressing MSC products. As TF/CD142 expression varies widely depending on the source and manufacturing process of the MSC product, additional clinical cell product characterization and guidelines are needed to ensure the safe use of MSC products. To minimize risk to patients receiving MSC therapy, we here propose to supplement the minimal criteria used for characterization of MSCs, to include criteria that assess the suitability of MSC products for intravascular use. If cell products are intended for intravascular delivery, which is true for half of all clinical applications involving MSCs, the effects of MSC on coagulation and hemocompatibility should be assessed and expression of TF/CD142 should be included as a phenotypic safety marker. This adjunct criterion will ensure both the identity of the MSCs as well as the safety of the MSCs has been vetted prior to intravascular delivery of MSC products.
Significant variations in preoperative fluid resuscitation volumes delivered to elderly hip fracture patients at six level 1 trauma centers: an observational descriptive study
Authors: Willis Jordan , Pelzl Casey E. , Jarvis Stephanie , Berg Gina , Corrigan Chad , Madayag Robert , Reynolds Cassandra , Tanner Allen , Marshall Gary , Lieser Mark , Bar-Or David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To describe the variations in administration of preoperative (preop) fluids and in the volumes of fluid administered among geriatric hip fracture patients requiring surgical repair.

Design:
Observational descriptive.

Setting:
Six Level 1 trauma centers.

Patients:
A total of 595 patients aged ≥65 with ICD-10 codes indicating hip fracture and surgical repair were identified. Of these, 87.9% (n = 525) received preop fluid. The median volume of preop fluid delivered was 1500 mL (IQR: 1000–2250 mL).

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Receipt of preop fluids; median volume of fluid received.

Results:
Receipt of preop fluid was significantly different by inter-hospital transfer, facility, BMI, hospital length of stay, and postop fluid volume. Age, sex, time to surgery, time to ambulation, and hospital disposition were not associated with preop fluid. There were significant differences in median preop fluid volumes by facility and postop fluid volume.

Conclusion:
This descriptive study of current practices among geriatric trauma patients with isolated hip fractures revealed significant differences in the use of preop fluid resuscitation and the resuscitation volumes administered. Treating facility may be the most substantial source of variation highlighting the need for a guideline on fluid resuscitation. These observed variations may be a result of patient characteristics or provider discretion and should be evaluated further.
Induced side-branching in smooth and faceted dendrites: theory and phase-field simulations
Authors: Demange Gilles , Patte Renaud , Zapolsky Helena 
Published: January 2022

The present work is devoted to the phenomenon of induced side branching stemming from the disruption of free dendrite growth. We postulate that the secondary branching instability can be triggered by the departure of the morphology of the dendrite from its steady state shape. Thence, the instability results from the thermodynamic trade-off between non monotonic variations of interface temperature, surface energy, kinetic anisotropy and interface velocity within the Gibbs–Thomson equation. For the purposes of illustration, the toy model of capillary anisotropy modulation is prospected both analytically and numerically by means of phase-field simulations. It is evidenced that side branching can befall both smooth and faceted dendrites, at a normal angle from the front tip which is specific to the nature of the capillary anisotropy shift applied.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)’.
Rapid eutectic growth: from rod growth to diffusionless solidification
Authors: Galenko Peter K. , Xu Junfeng 
Published: January 2022

Numerous experimental data on the rapid solidification of eutectic systems exhibit the formation of metastable solid phases with the initial (nominal) chemical composition. This fact is explained by the suppression of eutectic decomposition due to diffusionless (chemically partitionless) solidification beginning at a high but finite growth velocity of crystals. In the present work, a model is suggested for the diffusionless growth to analyse the atomic diffusion in the rod eutectic couples growing into supercooled liquid. A simplified calculating method for the equation related to the Bessel function in the solution of the growth of rod eutectics is obtained. This method can also be used in the calculation of other rod eutectic growth models.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)’.
Dynamic magnetic birefringence in a viscoelastic ferrocolloid
Authors: Rusakov V. V. , Raikher Y. L. 
Published: January 2022

A model is developed to describe the oscillations of optical anisotropy induced in a viscoelastic ferrocolloid (nanodispersion of magnetic particles) by an AC magnetic field. The viscoelasticity of the matrix (carrier medium) is assumed to obey the Jeffreys rheological scheme, whose advantage is that with the aid of just two viscous parameters and a single one for elasticity it enables one to vary the retarded mechanical response of the carrier from a weakly Maxwellian fluid to a medium with the rheology of a Kelvin gel. As the orientational motion of the particles driven by the AC field is always strongly affected by thermal motion, the occurring process is described with the aid of a kinetic (Fokker–Planck type) equation that combines diffusional and drift terms. On this basis, an exact evolution equation for the macroscopic optical anisotropy of a ferrocolloid is derived that is, however, just one link in an infinite chain of equations for statistical moments. The solution is obtained by applying effective field approximation: reducing the number of moment equations to their minimum and closing the chosen set. This solution is substituted to the scheme of a standard polarimetric set-up, and it is demonstrated how the peculiarities imparted by viscoelasticity should manifest themselves on the intensity of the light transmitted through the set up containing a ferrocolloid sample.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)’.
Predicting concurrent structural mechanical mechanisms during microstructure evolution
Authors: Soar P. , Kao A. , Shevchenko N. , Eckert S. , Djambazov G. , Pericleous K. 
Published: January 2022

The interdependence between structural mechanics and microstructure solidification has been widely observed experimentally as a factor leading to undesirable macroscopic properties and casting defects. Despite this, numerical modelling of microstructure solidification often neglects this interaction and is therefore unable to predict key mechanisms such as the development of misoriented grains. This paper presents a numerical method coupling a finite volume structural mechanics solver to a cellular automata solidification solver, where gravity or pressure-driven displacements alter the local orientation and thereby growth behaviour of the solidifying dendrites. Solutions obtained using this model are presented which show fundamental behaviours observed in experiments. The results show that small, localized deformations can lead to significant changes in the crystallographic orientation of a dendrite and ultimately affect the overall microstructure development.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)'.
Transplantation of IPSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Patches for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Miyagawa Shigeru , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamura Takuji , Suzuki Kota , Ito Yoshito , Iseoka Hiroko , Ito Emiko , Takeda Maki , Sasai Masao , Mochizuki-Oda Noriko , Shimamoto Tomomi , Nitta Yukako , Dohi Hiromi , Watabe Tadashi , Sakata Yasushi , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite major therapeutic advances, heart failure remains a life-threatening disorder, with 26 million patients worldwide, causing more deaths than cancer as a non-communicable disease. Therefore, novel strategies for the treatment of heart failure continue to be an important clinical need. Based on preclinical studies, allogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) patches have been proposed as a potential therapeutic candidate for heart failure. We report the implantation of allogeneic hiPSC-CM patches in a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ClinicalTrials.gov, #jRCT2053190081).MethodsThe patches were produced under clinical-grade conditions and displayed cardiogenic phenotypes and safetyin vivo(severe immunodeficient mice) without any genetic mutations in cancer-related genes. The patches were then implanted via thoracotomy into the left ventricle epicardium of the patient under immunosuppressive agents.ResultsPositron emission tomography and computed tomography confirmed the possible efficacy and did not detect tumorigenesis in either the heart or other organs; the clinical symptoms improved 6 months after surgery, without any major adverse events, suggesting that the patches were well-tolerated. Furthermore, changes in the wall motion in the transplanted site were recovered, suggesting a favorable prognosis and the potential tolerance to exercise.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of a successful transplant of hiPSC-CMs for severe ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Transition of antibody titers after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese healthcare workers
Authors: Kitabatake Masahiro , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Sonobe Shota , Furukawa Ryutaro , Konda Makiko , Hara Atsushi , Aoki Hiroyasu , Suzuki Yuki , Imakita Natsuko , Nakano Akiyo , Fujita Yukio , Shichino Shigeyuki , Nakano Ryuichi , Ueha Satoshi , Kasahara Kei , Muro Shigeo , Yano Hisakazu , Matsushima Kouji , Ito Toshihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince February 2021, health care workers in Japan have been preferentially vaccinated with a messenger RNA vaccine (BNT162b2/Pfizer) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While many studies have confirmed that this vaccine is highly effective in reducing hospitalizations and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), antibody titers tend to decline at 3 months, leading to a risk of breakthrough infections. Thus, information is needed to support decision making regarding the third vaccination. In this study, we investigated transition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibody titers of 41 vaccinated Japanese healthcare workers. Samples were collected seven times starting 1 week before vaccination until 6 months post-vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels peaked at 7 days after the booster, then declined over time and decreased to <10% at 6 months after the booster. Workers with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels also had low neutralizing antibody titers. These data support the active use of boosters for healthcare workers, especially for those with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels.
Non-modifiable factors as moderators of the relationship between physical activity and brain volume: A cross-sectional UK Biobank study
Authors: Brown Belinda M , de Frutos Lucas Jaisalmer , Porter Tenielle , Frost Natalie , Vacher Michael , Peiffer Jeremiah J , Laws Simon M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundGrey matter atrophy occurs as a function of ageing and is accelerated in dementia. Previous research suggests physical activity attenuates grey matter loss; however, there appears to be individual variability in this effect. Understanding factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and brain volume may enable prediction of individual response, and aid in identifying those that gain the greatest neural benefits from physical activity. The current study examined the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and brain volume; and whether this relationship is moderated by age, sex, or a priori candidate genetic factors.MethodsData from 10,083 men and women (50 years and over) of the UK Biobank were used to examine: 1) the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and brain volume; and 2) whether the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and brain volume is moderated by age, sex, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met, or apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele carriage. All participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan to quantify grey matter volumes, physical activity monitoring via accelerometry, and genotyping.ResultsPhysical activity was associated with total grey matter volume (B = 0.14, p = 0.001, q = 0.005) and right hippocampal volume (B = 1.45, p = 0.008, q = 0.016). The physical activity*sex interaction predicted cortical grey matter (B = 0.22, p = 0.003, q = 0.004), total grey matter (B = 0.30, p < 0.001, q = 0.001), and right hippocampal volume (B = 3.60, p = 0.001, q = 0.002). Post-hoc analyses revealed males received benefit from higher physical activity levels, in terms of greater cortical grey matter volume (B = 0.13, p = 0.01), total grey matter volume (B=0.23, p < 0.001), and right hippocampal volume (B = 3.05, p = 0.008). No moderating effects of age, APOE ε4 allele carriage, or BDNF Val66Met genotype were observed.DiscussionOur results indicate that in males, but not females, an association exists between objectively-measured physical activity and grey matter volume. Future research should evaluate longitudinal brain volumetrics to better understand the nature of sex-effects on the relationship between physical activity and brain volume.
Regional pleural strain measurements during mechanical ventilation using ultrasound elastography: A randomised, crossover, proof of concept physiologic study
Authors: Girard Martin , Roy Cardinal Marie-Hélène , Chassé Michaël , Garneau Sébastien , Cavayas Yiorgos Alexandros , Cloutier Guy , Denault André Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation is a common therapy in operating rooms and intensive care units. When ill-adapted, it can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which is associated with poor outcomes. Excessive regional pulmonary strain is thought to be a major mechanism responsible for VILI. Scarce bedside methods exist to measure regional pulmonary strain. We propose a novel way to measure regional pleural strain using ultrasound elastography.Research QuestionThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of pleural strain measurement by ultrasound elastography and to determine if elastography parameters would correlate with varying tidal volumes.Study Design and MethodsA single-blind randomized crossover proof of concept study was conducted July to October 2017 at a tertiary care referral center. Ten patients requiring general anesthesia for elective surgery were recruited. After induction, patients were received tidal volumes of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mL.kg-1 in random order, while pleural ultrasound cineloops were acquired at 4 standardized locations. Ultrasound radiofrequency speckle tracking allowed computing various pleural translation, strain and shear components. These were screened to identify those with the best dose-response with tidal volumes using linear mixed effect models. Goodness-of-fit was assessed by the coefficient of determination. Intraobserver, interobserver and test-retest reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsAnalysis was possible in 90.7% of ultrasound cineloops. Lateral absolute shear, lateral absolute strain and Von Mises strain varied significantly with tidal volume and offered the best dose-responses and data modelling fits. Point estimates for intraobserver reliability measures were excellent for all 3 parameters (0.94, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively). Point estimates for interobserver (0.84, 0.83 and 0.77, respectively) and test-retest (0.85, 0.82 and 0.76, respectively) reliability measures were good.InterpretationStrain imaging is feasible and reproducible, and may eventually guide mechanical ventilation strategies in larger cohorts of patients.
Artificial intelligence technologies for more flexible recommendation in uniforms
Authors: Wen Chih-Hao , Cheng Chih-Chan , Shih Yuh-Chuan 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis research aims to collect human body variables via 2D images captured by digital cameras. Based on those human variables, the forecast and recommendation of the Digital Camouflage Uniforms (DCU) for Taiwan's military personnel are made.Design/methodology/approachA total of 375 subjects are recruited (male: 253; female: 122). In this study, OpenPose converts the photographed 2D images into four body variables, which are compared with those of a tape measure and 3D scanning simultaneously. Then, the recommendation model of the DCU is built by the decision tree. Meanwhile, the Euclidean distance of each size of the DCU in the manufacturing specification is calculated as the best three recommendations.FindingsThe recommended size established by the decision tree is only 0.62 and 0.63. However, for the recommendation result of the best three options, the DCU Fitting Score can be as high as 0.8 or more. The results of OpenPose and 3D scanning have the highest correlation coefficient even though the method of measuring body size is different. This result confirms that OpenPose has significant measurement validity. That is, inexpensive equipment can be used to obtain reasonable results.Originality/valueIn general, the method proposed in this study is suitable for applications in e-commerce and the apparel industry in a long-distance, non-contact and non-pre-labeled manner when the world is facing Covid-19. In particular, it can reduce the measurement troubles of ordinary users when purchasing clothing online.
Mental health of business academics within the COVID-19 era: can meaningful work help? A qualitative study
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Samara Georges 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThrough addressing academics in four public business schools in Egypt, the authors of this paper aim to uncover how meaningful work might shape the mental health of the addressed academics post COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThe author employed a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews with 44 academics from four business schools selected from among 25 public institutions of higher education in Egypt. The author subsequently used thematic analysis to determine the main ideas in the transcripts.FindingsThe authors’ findings show that business academics usually consider meaningful work as playing a major role in shaping their mental health, especially after a crisis. This indicates that the more they perceive their jobs as valuable and worthwhile, the more they can deal with limitations and mental health issues (e.g. anxiety, stress, inadequate sleep, etc.) that accompany crisis. The findings also show that during the time of the COVID-19 crisis, employees (business academics in this case) have not placed so much importance to their autonomy (ability to choose and/or participate in decision-making processes) in the workplace. Instead, they care more about their relatedness (sense of belongingness) and their level of competence (sense of capability). Accordingly, the authors show that having academics that develop a sense of purpose for their academic duties in a time of crisis has less mental health disorders. Subsequently, post crisis, business academics can feel a continuous sense of relatedness and find ongoing opportunities to work and learn.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by filling a gap in HR management, in which empirical studies on the relationship between mental health and meaningful work have been limited so far.