bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements, emission characteristics and control methods of fire effluents from tunnel asphalt pavement during fire: A review
Authors: Wang Wenzhen , Shen Aiqin , Wang Lusheng , Liu Hongchang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tunnels are widely used in high-grade roads, especially in mountainous areas, but tunnel fire often causes serious economic loss and casualties. Among them, the fire effluents generated from asphalt pavement is one of the key factors and a significant subject worthy of further study. The main objective of this paper is to assimilate information on various aspects of asphalt mixtures emission during fire. In this paper, the fume emission of bitumen and asphalt mixture during combustion is comprehensively reviewed and summarized. Firstly, the test methods of fire effluents produced by bitumen and asphalt mixture after combustion are summarized. Secondly, the influencing factors of fume concentration and composition are determined. In addition, different methods to reduce the emission of fire effluents are compared, especially for the suppression of toxic gas emission. Finally, some reasonable suggestions are put forward to reduce the harm of hazardous gas to human and environment. This review is beneficial to comprehensively understand the fume emission behavior and the future research on smoke suppression of highway tunnel asphalt pavement during fire.
Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nonlinear molecules
Authors: Xiong Yanwei , Wilkin Kyle , Saha Sajib Kumar , Muvva Sri Bhavya , Zhao Haoran , Centurion Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Imaging laser-induced rotational dynamics is an important and active field due to its applications in capturing reactions in the molecular frame and in molecular imaging. Ultrafast electron diffraction has been a powerful tool to study the dynamics of rotational wavepackets, however, studies have been limited to linear molecules due to the challenges in retrieving the probability density from the diffraction signal for nonlinear molecules. Here we show that we can directly retrieve the time-dependent rotational probability density of symmetric top molecules that were impulsively aligned by a femtosecond laser pulse. The evolving molecular alignment is probed using ultrafast electron diffraction, and the rotational wavepacket is extracted from the angle-resolved pair distribution functions. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations of the Schrodinger equation using the experimental conditions.
Coupling of the Asian monsoon and Antarctic climates on multiple timescales and implications for termination
Authors: Liang Yijia , Chen Shitao , Wang Yongjin , Zhao Kan , Yang Shaohua , Wang Zhenjun , Huang Yuzheng , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recurrent and intense climate changes during glacial periods are registered in geological records globally. A strong bipolar coupling has been revealed on the millennial timescale, while the north-south counterparts on finer timescales is less clear due to the locality of the Greenland ice core. Our high-resolution stalagmite record, which represents the East Asian summer monsoon circulation intensity, resembles the Antarctic temperature on millennial to sub-centennial timescales during the last glacial. This possibly indicates a teleconnection between monsoon and Antarctica via the Southern Ocean or the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Furthermore, monsoonal event sequence from Heinrich 4 to Dansgaard-Oeschger 8 cycle is highly analogous to that during Termination 1 and the Marine Isotope Stage 4/3 transition at trend, amplitude and internal structures. Within the context of correlative records, we suggest that the maximum ice volume and the positive feedbacks related with CO2 buildup are critical for the terminations, rather than millennial-scale events.
Large-Scale Drivers of Marine Heatwaves Revealed by Archetype Analysis
Authors: Chapman Christopher , Monselesan Didier , Risbey James , Feng Ming , Sloyan Bernadette 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Extreme oceanic events, such as marine heatwaves, can have disastrous impacts on ecosystems and marine industries. Given their potential consequences, it is important to understand how broad-scale climate variability influence the probability of local extreme marine events. Here, for the first time, we employ an advanced data-mining methodology, archetype analysis, to identify large scale climate drivers and teleconnections that lead to marine extremes in certain regions. This methodology is applied to the Australasian region, where it identifies instances of anomalous sea-surface temperatures, frequently associated with marine heatwaves, as well as the broadscale oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with those extreme events. Additionally, we use archetype analysis to assess the ability of a low-resolution climate model to accurately represent the teleconnection patterns associated with extreme oceanic temperatures, and discuss the implications for the predictability of these impactful events.
Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer According to Age Group and Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic: Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Hyeda Adriano , Costa Elide Sbardellotto Mariano , Kowalski Sérgio Candido 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify if the COVID-19 pandemic interfered in mammograms and breast cancer biopsy, according to age, in Brazilian public health system.MethodsThis is a retrospective population-based study of total and segmented time series, using the Joinpoint Regression Program to calculate the Monthly Percentage Change (MPC).ResultsAt the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a stationary trend in mammograms in 50 to 69 age groups and decreasing in other age groups (MPC from − 40.2% to -42.1%) for 3 months. Subsequently, there was an increasing trend in mammograms in all age groups (MPC from 31.0–38.2%), lasting 5 months, and a stationary period. As for breast biopsies, there was a decreasing trend in all age groups (MPC from − 15.0% to -23.2%), lasting from 3 to 4 months. Subsequently, there was an increasing trend from 30 to 49 years, duration of 5 months, and stationary in the other age groups, until the end of the study. In total time series, there was a decreasing trend in mammograms and an increasing trend in breast biopsies, in all age groups.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic negatively interfered with the early diagnosis of breast cancer in all age groups
Lifestyle and occupational risk assessment using machine learning methods and development a web-based nomogram for prediction of bladder cancer Short title: Risk assessment and nomogram to predict bladder cancer
Authors: Shakhssalim Naser , Majd Hamid Alavi , Pahlevan-Fallahy Mohammad-Taha , Sotoodeh Kasra , Gohari Mahmood Reza , Borumandnia Nasrin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most disabling yet prevalent types of cancer. With its burden on the rise, UBC is becoming more prevalent each year and the numbers will not stop until we decide to make an endeavor to increase our knowledge even further and to reduce the risk factors that predispose to it. We tried to use machine learning (ML) methods to develop a risk prediction model in this study.Methods: This population-based case-control study is focused on 692 cases of bladder cancer, and 692 healthy people. The ML including Neural Network (NN), Random Forest (RF), Regression Tree (RT), Naive Bayes (NB), and Logistic Regression (LR) were applied. Area Under Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 and recall were used to evaluate the model performance. Finally, a dynamic web-based nomogram was constructed to calculate the probability of bladder cancer.Results: The RF (AUC=.98, precision=91.3%) and NN (AUC=.97, precision=91.5%) had the best performance and the RT (AUC=0.98, precision=89.5%) was in the next rank. Based on variable importance analysis in RF, that recurrence infection, smoking, neurogenic bladder, low diet on fruit and vegetable, can and ham using were respectively the most significant variables which effect on probability of bladder cancer.Conclusion: Based on ML findings, urinary bladder risk factors can be classified into two major groups: exogenous factors such as smoking, dietary factors, environmental risks, occupational risks, and previous medical conditions of a patient. The second group is the endogenous or intrinsic factors that include gender, age, and genetics of a person. The presented web-based nomogram can be considered as a user-friendly clinical tool to predict the probability of UBC.
Short-term efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with Crohn’s disease and intestinal stricture
Authors: Chen Yan , Wu Qiangqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the short-term efficacy of ustekinumab (UST) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal stricture.Design: This retrospective case-series included patients with CD and intestinal stricture. The characteristics and disease evaluation data of the included patients, including Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Crohn’s disease obstructive score (CDOS), fecal calprotectin (FCP), and hypersensitive C reactive protein (Hs-CRP), were collected at baseline. The primary endpoint was a success at week 24, defined as UST continuation without other treatments (steroids, other anti-tumor necrosis factors, surgery, or endoscopic dilation); secondary endpoints were improvement of clinical evaluation and laboratory data at week 24 in the whole cohort.Results: A total 36 patients were screened, and 12 were included between July 2020 and July 2021. At week 24, 10/12 (83.3%) patients achieved success. Among these patients, 6/8 (75%) patients with symptomatic stricturing Crohn’s disease (SSCD) achieved success. In SSCD patients with successful use of UST, CDOS and CDAI were significantly improved in all patients, and FCP improved in 5/6 (83.3%) patients at week 24. Only 2 (16.7%) patients accepted anal reconstruction or endoscopic balloon dilation (DBE) at follow-up. No severe adverse events occurred during the study.Conclusions: A successful response to UST was observed in more than three-quarters of CD patients with an intestinal stricture. In addition, UST showed good efficacy and safety in SSCD.
Self-supported Films of Amburana Cearensis Bipolymer as an Alternative for Biodegradable Packaging
Authors: Eiras Carla , Pinto Railson Machado , Cunha Juliana Nadielle Barbosa , Silva José Regilmar Teixeira da , de Araújo Ricardo , Barud Hernane da Silva , Nunes Lívio César Cunha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Self-supported films, prepared from Amburana cearensis gum (GAmb), appear as an alternative for the development of biodegradable packaging as a way to minimize the impacts of non-biodegradable residue discarded in the environment. The films were produced using the casting method and the results obtained from the FTIR analysis indicated that the GAmb is mostly constituted by α-L-Arabinofuranose and β-Galactopyranose units. The films, (GAmb/Gly) produced with the addition of glycerol (Gly) at concentrations of 10–30%, presented a variation of 8.4–12.7% in moisture content and from 33–49% for solubility water, respectively. The films also showed amorphous characteristics and a transmittance below 50%, as well as a maximum elastic modulus of 8.51 Mpa. The results also showed that the complete biodegradability of the films occurred after 14 days, corroborating the hypothesis of using GAmb/Gly films as an alternative for biodegradable packaging.
Nonlinear low-velocity impact response of GRC beam with geometric imperfection under thermo-electro-mechanical loads
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guo Li-Jia , Wang Yuewu , Mao Jia-Jia , Yan Jianwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation on thermo-electro-mechanical nonlinear low-velocity impact behaviors of the geometrically imperfect functionally graded (FG) graphene reinforced composite (GRC) beam with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers. Both uniformly distributed (UD) and FG patterns of graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are considered along the thickness of the GRC host beam. The effective Young’s modulus is calculated by the Halpin-Tsai model. The Poisson ratio and mass density are calculated by the rule of mixture. The modified nonlinear Hertz contact law is employed to predict the impact force between the spherical impactor and the geometrically imperfect GRC piezoelectric beam during impacting. By considering the firstorder shear deformation theory and von Kármán nonlinear displacement-strain relationship, the nonlinear governing equations are obtained by Hamilton principle and dispersed by differential quadrature (DQ) method. The Newmark- β method associated with Newton-Raphson iterative process is adopted to parametrically identify the impact force and the dynamic response of the system. The effects of geometric imperfection, weight fraction and distribution pattern of GPLs, temperature variation, thickness of piezoelectric layer and impactor’s initial velocity on the nonlinear low-velocity impact behavior of geometrically imperfect GRC beams are discussed in detail. Our results illustrate that the coupling effect of geometric imperfection and thermoelectro-mechanical load has a significant effect on the nonlinear low-velocity impact behavior of GRC beam, and GPLs distributing into the piezoelectric layers is better for reducing the impact response of geometrically imperfect GRC piezoelectric beam.
Semi-quantitative risk evaluation reveals drivers of African swine fever virus in smallholder pig farms and gaps in biosecurity, Tanzania
Authors: Fasina Folorunso O. , Mtui-Malamsha Niwael , Nonga Hezron E. , Ranga Svetlana , Sambu Rosamystica M. , Majaliwa Jerome , Kamani Enos , Okuthe Sam , Kivaria Fredrick , Bebay Charles , Penrith Mary-Louise 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has remained persistent in Tanzania since the early 2000. Between 2020 and 2021, twelve districts in Tanzania were infected with ASF, and ≥ 4,804 pigs reportedly died directly due to the disease with disruption to livelihoods. We conducted semi-quantitative field investigations and rapid risk assessment (RRA) to understand the risk factors and drivers of ASF virus (ASFv) amplification and transmission in smallholder pig farms, and determine the gaps in biosecurity through hazard profiling, focused group discussions and experts’ opinions. Outbreaks were connected by road and aligned along the pig product value chain and reported in the northern, central and southern parts of Tanzania. The patterns of outbreaks and impacts differed among districts, but cases of ASF appeared to be self-limiting following significant mortality of pigs in farms. Movement of infected pigs, movement of contaminated pig products and fomites associated with service providers, vehicles, and equipment, as well as the inadvertent risks associated with movements of animal health practitioners, visitors and scavengers were the riskiest pathways to introduce ASFv into smallholder pig farms. Identified drivers and facilitators of risk of ASFv infection in smallholder pig farms were traders in whole pigs, middlemen, pig farmers, transporters, unauthorized animal health service providers and the traders in pork. All identified pig groups were susceptible to ASFv, particularly among shared adult boars, pregnant and lactating sows and adult female. The risk of ASF for smallholder pig farms in Tanzania remains very high based on a systematic risk classification. Majority of the farms poorly implemented biosecurity and no single farm implemented all the identified biosecurity measures. Risky practices and breach of biosecurity in the pig value chain in Tanzania are profit-driven and are extremely difficult to change. Behavioural change communication must target identified drivers of infections, attitudes and practices.
Three Novel Genes Associated with Longevity Found in European Bison
Authors: Korec Evžen , Ungrová Lenka , Hejnar Jiří , Grieblová Adéla , Zelená Kateřina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Longevity-related genes have been found in mice, humans and in several other animal species. The goal of this study was to perform genetic analysis of long-lived European bisons with the aim to find genes that are associated with longevity.Results: SNPs with particular nucleotides were significantly overrepresented in long-lived European bisons in three genes: BCKDHB, FER1L6 and SERPINI2. In SERPINI2, the longevity-associated SNP localizes to an exon. In the protein coded by the SERPINI2 gene, amino acid leucine present in the reference European bisons is replaced by tryptophan in the long-lived European bisons.Conclusions: Three genes, BCKDHB, FER1L6 and SERPINI2, were proved to be associated with longevity in European bisons.
The Influence of the Biological Father’s Participation in Antenatal Genetic Group Counseling on Pregnant Females’ Scores on Tests of Vital Knowledge Relating to Pregnancy
Authors: Anansirikasem Teerawat , Kongsomboon Kittipong , Hanprasertpong Tharangrut 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Antenatal counseling has increased females’ awareness of preventable complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. This study was conducted to compare the ratio of pregnant women who have knowledge score improvement after prenatal genetic group counseling, with a focus on pregnant women who attend counseling with/without their partner, to identify other possible factors that influence the knowledge improvement and to evaluate the knowledge score regarding common genetic diseases such as Thalassemia and trisomy 21 and their knowledge of pregnancy care such as ultrasonographic structural screening and cesarean delivery. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Pregnant women who attended antenatal genetic group counseling (AGGC) were assessed for their knowledge level by using a self-questionnaire prior to and immediately after genetic group counseling. Results: 553 pregnant women were enrolled. 310 and 243 participants attended the AGGC without and with their partner, respectively. The ratio of the participants who had increased their overall knowledge score was significantly higher in the AGGC for those who were with their partner than without. The improvement was not significantly different when other clinical factors were considered. No variable apart from the AGGC with or without one’s partner was identified as influencing the improvement in overall knowledge. The median of the knowledge score regarding trisomy 21 among all the participants was lower than for the other topics and did not improve after the AGGC. Conclusion: Paternal involved in the AGGC positively influenced the pregnant females’ knowledge score when comparing the scores prior to and immediately after the AGGC.Trial registration: Srinakharinwirot University (SWUEC/E-471/2563) and Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR 20210324002)
Lattice-induced Strong Coupling in Symmetry and Asymmetry Split-ring Metamaterial Arrays
Authors: Ma Guohong , Peng Jun , Zhang Wenjie , Suo Peng , Lin Xian , Yan Xiaona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic link between surface plasmon modes (eigenmodes) and lattice mode in subwavelength periodic structures is investigated based on the split-ring metamaterial structure. The study shows that the strong coupling between the eigenmodes and the lattice modes can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the period of the metamaterial structure, and the emergence of new modes at low frequencies is observed, resulting in a lower spectral loss of a single hybrid resonance and an increase in its Q-factor up to 110. In addition, an asymmetric double split-ring structure is proposed, and the Fano resonance is excited, giving rise to a spectral line with three resonance valleys. The coupled harmonic oscillator model is used to interpret the underlying coupling mechanism in lattice-induced transparent systems, which agrees well with our simulation results. This strong coupling scheme between the lattice and the mixed modes of the metamaterial unit provides a new avenue to modulate lattice-induced transparency, high-Q resonance, and strong-field confinement, which may find applications in the design of ultrasensitive sensors, slow-light devices, as well as multiple frequency absorbers and other fields.
Growth of medical students' future perspectives through field trip to a disaster area: a qualitative study using retrospective group interview
Authors: Hidaka Tomoo , Endo Shota , Kasuga Hideaki , Masuishi Yusuke , Kakamu Takeyasu , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Field trips to disaster-affected areas (FTDAs) with no specific purpose, such as medical cooperation, are widely undertaken in medical education. Although the educational effects of fieldwork where students may be assigned duties such as medical collaboration or support have been already revealed, those of these FTDAs remain unclear. The present study aimed to clarify what medical students gain from FTDAs.Methods: Subjects were five medical students who participated in an FTDA at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Japan, at which hydrogen explosions occurred following the Great East Japan Earthquake, causing severe radiation contamination, to learn about the health concerns of restoration workers. The students went in 2017, and a retrospective group interview was conducted approximately two years later. Narratives about what they gained from the FTDA were extracted using open coding and interpreted.Results: The following four main themes were identified: “Spirit of scientific inquiry,” which represents the knowledge and mindset required to read and examine the prevailing notions and government announcements critically; “Foundation for lifelong education and personal growth,” which represents that the experience of the FTDA was associated with recognising the importance of lifelong learning; “Diverse professionalism,” which suggests that the students gained insights into essential elements of becoming a medical doctor, and various perspectives on their future career choices; and “Importance of practicing medicine in the community setting,” which represents students’ recognition that, in the future, they may work in a region surrounding or near the FDNPP and that they may feel compelled to contribute to the region.Conclusions: The students gained a broader perspective on their future jobs and careers through the FTDA. Medical educators should be aware of the educational benefits of FTDAs and employ them in their educational practices. Note that FTDA sites are not limited to the FDNPP. If medical educators can explain the importance of FTDAs to the residents of a disaster site and gain their understanding, various disaster-affected areas can be potential locations. Medical educators should understand the educational effects of FTDAs on students’ growth and effectively install FTDAs in their educational practices.