bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical experiences in low-resource settings: Experience from Croatia
Authors: Medved S. , Rojnic-Kuzman M. 
Published: February 2022

Croatian healthcare faced dramatic changes as a response to the ongoing pandemic, which further pressured financially loaded system. Besides, the capital of Croatia was hit by an earthquake that caused material damage and organizational difficulties. Contrary to the World Health Organization’s recommendations that mental health services are essential services to be maintained during the pandemic, there was severe disruption of utilization and accessibility to mental health services during the pandemic. In the beginning, the only services maintained were in-hospital and emergency services, while daily hospitals and ambulatory visits were disrupted. Psychiatric resources were not formally implemented in the treatment and management of COVID-19 and majority of mental health workers remained within the boundaries of psychiatric services. In the following period, some of the services reopened, with reorientation to online provision. However, the interference of services gradually occurred as the second wave started, with some psychiatric departments being repurposed for non-psychiatric use. Psychiatric care was organized in some of the COVID-19 departments as liaison service. Some of the psychiatric services offered consultation and prevention of burn-out for frontline personnel. Lastly, as the University hospital centre Zagreb was implementing the flexible assertive community treatment teams for persons with severe mental illness through the Large-scale implementation of community based mental health care for people with severe and enduring mental ill health in Europe (RECOVER-E) project in the period from 2018-2022, we investigated the effect of this service on the health outcomes during the pandemic and found it superior compared with the standard treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Childhood risk factors for substance abuse in a clinical sample of adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an addiction outpatient clinic
Authors: Laizāne M. , Ennītis M. , Bezborodovs N. , Landsmane I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSubstance use disorder (SUD) in patients with ADHD symptoms is associated with a poorer treatment prognosis. The study is aimed to investigate psychosocial risks factors for developing SUD in patients with ADHD.ObjectivesTo examine the associations between self-reported weak academic performance, repetition of a grade, single – parent family, self-reported quality of parent – child relationship, conduct problems in childhood and SUD in adulthood in a sample of outpatients with ADHD symptoms of an addiction medicine clinic in Riga, Latvia.MethodsSelf-report surveys, containing Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v I.I), were completed by outpatients of addiction clinic, including healthy control subjects (adults without addiction, formally assessed for fitness to drive, firearms licensing etc.). Patients then were examined in relation to childhood risk factors.ResultsSurvey was compleated by 341 outpatients – 98 (28,7%) healthy controls and 243 (71,3%) patients with SUD (mean age, 36,8 and 37,7, respectively; 76,4% males). 62 (18,1%) patients were tested positive for ADHD, of whom 12 (19,4%) were healthy subjects and 50 (80,6%) were with SUD. Data shows connection between conduct problems in childhood (p=0,010), single - parent family (p=0,010), repetition of a grade (p=0,026) and SUD in adults with ADHD symptoms. Comparing patients with and without ADHD symptoms, there was found no significant association between these factors, except for conduct problems (p=0,015).ConclusionsThe study found preliminary evidence that adults with ADHD symptoms who experienced single – parenthood in childhood, had conduct problems or repeated a grade are more likely to develop SUD. Futher investigation is required.
Suicidal tendencies in university students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Nikolaev E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicidogenic effects COVID-19 pandemic are expected to reveal themselves not immediately, but within a longer period.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of suicidal tendencies in university students during the COVID-19 outbreak and specify the psychosocial characteristics of the students with a low anti-suicidal barrier to mitigate their suicide risks.MethodsThe research was done via an on-line survey, which covered 536 students of both sexes (aged 21.46±2.95), who studied in Russian universities and who filled in a structured questionnaire during their distance learning due to COVID-19 outbreak.ResultsWe revealed that 11.38% of the respondents (57.47% of whom are males) with a low anti-suicidal barrier showed suicidal tendencies by allowing the possibility of committing a suicide in a certain situation. Among them were more Russian students than international ones (p=.0272). They also certainly exceeded the students with the developed anti-suicidal barrier in taking alcohol (p=.0126), in underestimating their own health (p=.0053), in expressing happiness (p=.0001), and in degree of religious belief (p=.0001). They perceived the situation associated with the COVID-19 outbreak with a more strongly manifested anxiety due to the fear of their own infection with coronavirus (p=0.0347). At the same time, they acted less responsibly in following personal restrictive measures aimed to reduce the risk of infection (p=.0002).ConclusionsStudents with suicidal tendencies during the COVID-19 outbreak present a risk group in COVID-19 spread and infection. The pandemic can intensify anti-vital sufferings and enhance the risk of committing suicide in individuals with suicidal tendencies, which should be taken into account in prevention programs.
The role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between narcissism and suicide
Authors: Zobel S. Beomonte , Sciarretta A. , Velotti P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide attempts and suicidal ideation are peculiar aspects of several cluster b disorders, including Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Similarly, difficulty in regulating negative affects can play a role in the relationship between narcissist features and suicidal ideation. To date, it is still unclear which facet of narcissism is more related to the desire to die and which other factors are involved in this relationship.ObjectivesTo offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, emotion regulation and suicide ideation.MethodsWe administered Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with Suicide ideation (n= 68) and a sample of community participants (n=140).ResultsControlling for age and gender, we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism, but not with the grandiose one, and with all DERS dimensions. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsSuicide ideation seems to be deeply connected with the vulnerable dimension of pathological narcissism and the relationship between the constructs is partially mediated by emotion dysregulation. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Covid 2019 and suicide - a global pandemic: How to prevent?
Authors: Gonçalves M.J. , André R. , Sereijo C. , Andrade G. , Saraiva R. , Linhares L. , Chendo I. , Abreu M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe mental health effects of Coronavirus2019(COVID-19) outbreak might be profound, including higher suicide rates.This phenomena is likely to become a more pressing concern as the pandemic spreads.While remarkable social distancing interventions have been implemented to reduce the rate of new infections,the potential for adverse outcomes on suicide risk is high, especially among vulnerable populations.ObjectivesThe aim is to do a review of the literature of suicide prevention during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the last 7 months; by searching the Pubmed databases, the following MeSH terms were used: Suicide prevention; COVID-19ResultsIn order to prevent suicide, urgent consideration must be extend beyond general mental health approaches. A wide-ranging interdisciplinary response that recognises how the pandemic might heighten risk is needed. The application of knowledge about effective suicide prevention is the key. Mental health services should develop clear remote assessment and care pathways, and staff training to support new ways of dealing with. Publications on mental health and psychological effects of COVID-19 outbreak provide important information and recommendations for all three levels of suicide prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary.ConclusionsThe challenge of the COVID-19 outbreak might bring with it an opportunity to advance the field of suicide prevention and, thus, to save lives, which also represent a public health priority. The mental health community, backed by active vigilance and international collaboration, should be prepared and can use this challenging period to advance suicide prevention.
Improving depression screening in HIV positive pregnant women
Authors: Bhullar D. , Gunturu S. , Mirhom M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression is a common complication of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Up to 70% percent of women report depressive symptoms during their pregnancy, and approximately 10-16% meet full criteria for major depressive disorder. Women with a history of perinatal or non-perinatal major depression are likely to relapse during pregnancy. Research shows that exposure to untreated depression and stress can have negative consequences on the birth outcome and child development. Given the harmful effects of this disease on both the mother and child, it is essential that all pregnant patients be screened for depression. Literature review did not reflect many studies that focus on depression screening in this population, let alone in pregnant patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Our study focuses on the impact the mandatory screening tool had on the incidence of depression screening in pregnant HIV patients.Objectives- Gain understanding of the Family Focused HIV Health Care Program for Women - Understand the importance of a mandatory screening tool for depressionMethodsUsing standardized Quality Improvement tools Implementation of screening tool in notes & enforcing a hard stop in the medical recordsResultsWe noted both qualitative & quantitative improvement in depression screening. Qualitatively the screening has been standardized by creating a universal workflow by the inclusion of screening tools (PHQ2 and PHQ9) in Electronic Medical records. Quantitatively there has been a 34.9% improvement in screening by the case managers in the post interventional quarter.ConclusionsSignificant improvement noted in the incidence of depression screening by implementation a mandatory screening tool
Perinatal grief caracteristics
Authors: Pinilla R. , Hermosillo R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPerinatal grief is the reaction to the death of a loved one in the perinatal period (according to the WHO, it ranges from 22 weeks of gestation to the 1st week of postnatal life). Despite the fact that perinatal grief presents a set of distinctive characteristics, it is not recognized as a differentiated entity in the main diagnostic manuals (DSM-5 and ICD-11). There are a number of characteristics that make perinatal grief a different grief reaction. Characteristics that make perinatal grief a different grief reaction:General characteristics: Proximity between the beginning and the end of life, the lack of religious rituals that legitimize the loss. Physiopathological characteristics; The gestational hormone increase act in the brain favoring emotional bonding with the child and facilitating care, sustained modifications in the gabaergic, endorphinic and nitrinergic synapses in the mothers’ brains. Increased physical activity of the fetus during the third trimester increases the mother’s basal metabolism and changes her emotional reaction. Clinical characteristics; feelings of guilt, loneliness and detachment, irritability, dissociative symptoms, concern dead son and angry reactions.ObjectivesSearch for the specific characteristics of perinatal grief and the importance of its therapeutic approach.MethodsLiterature review using pubmed database and scientific dissemination articles.ResultsBetween 10 and 50% of mothers who suffer perinatal grief develop depression disorder, 50% have anxiety disorders that usually reappear with the possibility of a new pregnancy, and between 5 and 25% are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsPerinatal grief has characteristics that differentiate it from other grief reactions; mental health professionals must attend to and understand these specificities in order to attend it.
Apathy in patients with schizophrenia: Treatment perspectives
Authors: Kaiser S. 
Published: February 2022

Apathy occurs in many neuropsychiatric disorders and is a central negative symptom of schizophrenia. Apathy has severe functional consequences for patients with schizophrenia and the development of evidence-based treatments is a major challenge. There is now increasing evidence that dysfunctions in reward processing underly apathy, in particular regarding reward anticipation, cost-benefit computation and reward learning. In addition, metacognitive processes such as defeatist performance beliefs modulate reward processing. Psychological interventions for negative symptoms target these processes. While the evidence for cognitive-behavioral therapy for negative symptoms remains limited, recent findings suggest that specifically targeting reward-related dysfunctions may improve efficacy of these interventions. On the neurobiological level, there is now considerable evidence that a dysregulation of the dopaminergic reward system is related to reward processing dysfunctions. Regarding pharmacological treatment approaches, psychostimulants have successfully been used for apathy in dementia to target the reward system. Pro-dopaminergic drugs to target apathy in schizophrenia seem to be safer than anticipated, but their efficacy remains to be established. At the current state of knowledge, there is no evidence-based treatment that specifically targets apathy in patients with schizophrenia today. However, there are encouraging results from research inspired by basic research in neuroscience and clinical research in patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders.DisclosureSK has received royalties from Schuhfried (Austria) for cognitive test and training software.
Severe depression when everything else is dismissed. A case
Authors: Rodriguez L. Soldado , Sánchez Rus S.S. , Dafonte A. Alvarado 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSimulation is a deliberate counterfeiting of physical or psychological symptoms in order to obtain a secondary gain or external incentive, like evading from military service, scape from work, obtain economic compensations or avoid criminal responsibility. It is estimated that prevalence is roughly 1% in mental health patients, with higher prevalence in young males and middle aged. Male with 52 years attends to emergency service. Erratic tracking in Mental Health Service from two years ago with unfavorable progress. He goes to emergency service referring aggravation of discomforted state of mind even with readjustment a week ago. Addiction to benzodiazepines and clinophilia. Currently with temporary inability to work of large data.ObjectivesTo set a differential diagnose between depression, factitious disorder and malingering.MethodsExamination shows moderated sad mood with despair, reactive to disability and progression of his illness. Sparing in words speech, focused on life or work problems. Autolytic verbalizations and self-control inability.ResultsMmpi2 that shows: Gough’s F-K. Dissimulation index, 34. Cut-off point to consider simulation/ pretending being ill varies among authors. A conservative cut-off point is 15, showing a severe exaggeration of its discomfort and dissimulation.ConclusionsIt is important to make an appropriate anamnesis and psychopathological exploration, as well as observation to reach a correct diagnose. In this case, clearly secondary gain was founded, therefore diagnose was malingering.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Transdiagnostic effect of contamination disgust on asceticism
Authors: Santarelli G. , Innocenti M. , Gironi V. , Faggi V. , Galassi F. , Castellini G. , Ricca V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a growing literature suggesting disgust plays a major role in religiosity. Asceticism is a personality trait characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Since few studies suggested that higher disgust levels may lead to greater fear of sin, contamination disgust may serve as effective mechanisms for inflated scrupulosity.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the role of contamination disgust on a specific religious belief in two clinical groups: eating disorders and anxiety disorders.MethodsWe enrolled 84 patients admitted in the Psychiatric Unit of Careggi with diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders (AD) and Eating Disorders (ED). We administered them: Disgust Scale Revised (DS-R) and Eating Disorders Inventory 2 (EDI-2)ResultsA t-test for independent samples between AD patients and ED patients showed no difference in DS-R contamination disgust subscale (t=1.437, p=0.153), while significantly higher EDI-2 asceticism scores were detected in ED patients (t=2.452, p=0.010). An ANCOVA model having EDI2 Asceticism subscale as dependent variable, and DS contamination disgust subscale, diagnosis, and interaction between contamination disgust and diagnosis was estimated. The overall model was significant (F(1,136)=4.854, p=0.003) and accounted for 9.7% of variance of EDI2 Asceticism subscale (R2=0.097). The effect of contamination disgust was positive and significant (β=0.302, t=2.781, p=0.006), and accounted for 5.4% of variance of EDI2 Asceticism (partial η2=0.054). No effect was detected for diagnosis (F(1,136)=0.012, p=0.912) or interaction between contamination disgust and diagnosis (F(1,136)=1.346, p=0.248).ConclusionsContamination disgust may have a trans-diagnostic effect on asceticism and may be a possible driver for specific religious behaviors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
That’s not my family: The undercover bipolar patient
Authors: Guerra M.F. Tascon 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric condition based on depressive, manic, and mixed phases. Bipolar disorder has been usually divided into type I (manic phases and depressive phases) and type II (hypomanic and depressive phases). Furthermore, subsequent classifications have been developed based on subtypes complexity.ObjectivesA case of a 52-year-old man is presented. The patient had suffered depressive symptoms and self-destructive ideation. He had sold his house to pay for drugs and prostitution, even though he was in quarantine for COVID-19. The patient had a history of depressive episodes with milder manic episodes which had been treated with antidepressants.MethodsAnalytical and imaging tests were performed without findings. Mood stabilizing treatment was started based on lithium salts. He became perplexed and suspicious of the medication. Auditory hallucinations appeared congruent with the mood and he began to think that his relatives were dead; the patient started to communicate via telephone with actors. A treatment based on olanzapine 30mg/d was started.ResultsThe clinic was resolved with antipsychotic treatment. The diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder has been made in youth; however, some patients symptoms could be camouflaged and allow a functional life. Depressive episodes could present with psychotic symptoms and predispose more to suicide attempts than manic phases.ConclusionsThe early-stage diagnosis should play a key role on bipolar disorder control. More public and clinic efforts are needed to prevent non-easily distinguishable cases which could derived on serious social and health problems.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicide in adolescence
Authors: Zartaloudi A. , Kalligeri E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is one of the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. Adolescence is an important developmental period of life due to the increased risk of suicide and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo explore the suicidal ideation, intentions and risk factors of adolescents.MethodsA clinical case study presentation will be performed.ResultsAn adolescent female, aged of 16 years old, was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents of a General Hospital, diagnosed with behavioral and emotional disorder and active suicidal ideation on ground of sexual abuse. During her hospitalization, she exhibited self-destructive behaviour by swallowing objects or causing extensive skin scarring as well as serious suicide attempts by hanging. Her emotional and behavioral status was unstable and unpredictable. The adolescent had repeatedly expressed her will to escape from an unbearable life.ConclusionsThe results of the presentation of our clinical case could contribute to the improvement of awareness regarding suicidal behavior in adolescence, which might have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of this potentially lethal condition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pathopsychological assessment of pediatric patients with autoimmune diseases of central nervous system
Authors: Fedorova J. , Burlakova N. , Mikadze J. , Azizova U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAutoimmune diseases of central nervous system (CNS) are wide spread in children. In some cases, mental disturbances in such patients are barely noticeable in the beginning, which hinders early detection of risks in the child’s mental development.ObjectivesThe study focuses on comparative analysis of the structure of mental disorders in pediatric patients with autoimmune diseases of CNS.MethodsResearch includes two cases: girls aged 14 and 16, one with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), disease onset at 4 years and 11 months, and another with multiple sclerosis (MS), disease onset at 5 years and 5 months. The following methods were used: analysis of patient’s medical record, interview with neurologists, pathopsychological assessment.ResultsCommon features in both cases: 1) organic brain disorders; 2) patients do not demonstrate intellectual deterioration, can master regular school curriculum; 3) detected mental disturbances reflect risks for mental and personality development. Specific features: 1) the patient with MS demonstrates polymorphism of mental disorders, while the patient with ADEM — homogeneity of mental disorders; 2) main problems of the patient with MS are related to self-regulation, which makes the general picture similar to pseudo-frontal syndrome; the patient with ADEM has major neurodynamic disturbances, which has similarity to psychoorganic syndrome; 3) predictors of personality disorders detected in case of MS determine the negative prognosis for mental development.ConclusionsThe delineated features evidence for further psychological study of CNS autoimmune diseases and formulation of criteria for clinical psychological assessment. These patients need to be monitored by psychologists to prevent personality disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.