bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial burden for caregivers of adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Nightingale Chandylen L. , Canzona Mollie R. , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Reeve Bryce B. , Howard Dianna S. , Tucker‐Seeley Reginald D. , Golden Shannon L. S. , Little‐Greene Denisha , Roth Michael E. , Victorson David E. , Salsman John M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are vulnerable to cancer‐related financial burden, which is likely shared by their caregivers. This study aims to enhance an existing conceptual model of financial burden by conducting concept elicitation interviews with caregivers to generate knowledge that can be translated to inform instrumental and psychosocial support in cancer care.MethodsQualitative concept elicitation interviews were conducted with 24 caregivers of AYA cancer survivors (caregivers of adolescents, n = 12; caregivers of emerging adults, n = 12) recruited from four sites. Constant comparative methods were used to identify themes, and results were interpreted and organized into domains of the conceptual model. We also explored COVID‐19 related financial impacts among a subset (n = 12) of caregivers.ResultsSeven themes emerged, which varied by age group and strengthened the conceptualization of the model. Themes centered on: (1) direct and indirect costs of cancer; (2) impact of socioeconomic status on financial burden; (3) caregiver desire to shield AYAs from distress due to financial burden; (4) strategies to manage cancer‐related costs; (5) worries about AYAs' financial future; (6) seeking and receiving financial support; and (7) navigating the healthcare system. Findings also revealed that COVID‐19 exacerbates financial burden for some caregivers.ConclusionsBuilding upon our prior work, we have adapted the conceptual model of financial burden to reflect perspectives of AYAs, oncology providers, and now, caregivers. An important next step is to develop a reliable and valid self‐report measure of financial burden among caregivers of AYA cancer survivors.
Association between requests for supportive care assistance and patients' characteristics, prior to treatment in a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Razavi Marianne , Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Clark Karen Lynn , Loscalzo Matthew , Nuristani Hussai , Obenchain Richard , Baik Sharon H. , Dale William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposePatients with cancer experience a wide array of distress symptoms (emotional, practical, physical, and functional), which often hinders their quality of life and survival. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of these patients request assistance for these problems. This study explored the relationship between requests for supportive care assistance and distress of patients newly diagnosed with cancer.MethodsThis study was conducted at city of hope, an NCI‐designated comprehensive cancer center, and included 2658 patients treated between 2009 and 2017. Patients were asked to complete a 30‐item biopsychosocial problem‐related distress survey via SupportScreen®, prior to any treatment. Correlations between requests for assistance and distress domains were evaluated. Primary types of requests were examined for all patients, and general linear modeling was used to determine the significant predictors of requests for assistance. p‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsStrong correlations were observed between distress subscales and requests for assistance (r ranging from 0.67 to 0.69). The primary types of requests varied by domain: items such as feeling anxious or fearful, finances, and sleep ranked first within the emotional, practical, and physical‐functional domains respectively (∼20% requests for each item). Verbal assistance was generally preferred to the written form of assistance, with the exception of a few items, including finances. Overall, household income of <$100,000 and completing the survey in Spanish were significant predictors of requests for assistance. Regarding the practical and physical‐functional domains, having an advanced stage of disease was significantly related to an increase in demands for assistance. Being older was associated to a decrease in requests for assistance vis‐à‐vis both the emotional and physical functional subscales.ConclusionWe demonstrated that distress levels were strongly correlated with requests for assistance. Patients' clinical and demographic characteristics such as age, household income, disease stage and survey language were associated with inquiries for psychosocial support, highlighting the importance of targeting interventions towards those most likely to need them, to better aim patients' needs. Therefore, tailoring supportive care assistance to patients' characteristics could help boost the frequency of requests, reduce distress burden, and improve health outcomes.
Muscle dysfunction in the long coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical approach
Authors: Silva Camilla Costa , Bichara Clea Nazaré Carneiro , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira , Palacios Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes , Berg Ana Virgínia Soares Van den , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Magno Falcão Luiz Fábio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID‐19), involvement of the musculoskeletal system is characterised by the persistence or appearance of symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, myalgia, and decline in physical and functional performance, even at 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms of COVID‐19. Muscle injury biomarkers are altered during the acute phase of the disease. The cellular damage and hyperinflammatory state induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, hypoxaemia, mitochondrial damage, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system. In addition, the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, involvement of the peripheral nervous system, and harmful effects of hospitalisation, such as the use of drugs, immobility, and weakness acquired in the intensive care unit, all aggravate muscle damage. Here, we review the multifactorial mechanisms of muscle tissue injury, aggravating conditions, and associated sequelae in long COVID‐19.
Enhanced Gas Sensing Performance of Nano‐Structured Ta2O5‐SnO2 Composite for Low Concentration CO Detection
Authors: Aranthady Chethana , D'Souza Ozma , Mascarenhas Ronald , Shanbhag Ganapati V. , Sundaram Nalini G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the superior performance of nanostructured Ta2O5‐SnO2 nanocomposite homo‐junction was demonstrated for the detection of CO gas at low concentration (5‐10 ppm) and low operating temperature (50 °C). The gas sensing performance of this material is comparable to the state of the art materials reported to date in the literature. In addition, the material exhibits high selectivity to CO gas over other interfering gases such as CO2, H2, CH4, NO2, and SO2 etc. The sensing performance of the composite was significantly higher than its individual oxides. The composite is robust and shows good reproducibility and chemical stability with low response and recovery time. The strategy employed herein to create homo‐junction nanocomposites of semiconducting metal oxides significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity to CO gas closer to room temperature and thus could pave the way for the development of efficient homo‐junction nanocomposites for gas sensing applications.
Practical and secure multifactor authentication protocol for autonomous vehicles in 5G
Authors: Miao Junfeng , Wang Zhaoshun , Ning Xin , Xiao Nan , Cai Weiwei , Liu Ruimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AV) can not only improve traffic safety and congestion, but also have strategic significance for the development of the transportation industry. With the continuous updating of core technologies such as artificial intelligence, sensor detection, synchronous positioning, and high‐precision mapping, the development of AV has been promoted. When 5G network is combined with Internet of Vehicles, the problems of AV can be solved by taking advantage of 5G ultra‐large bandwidth, low latency and high reliability. However, when the user controls the vehicle remotely, a real‐time and reliable authentication process is needed, while minimizing the overhead of security protocols. Therefore, this article proposes a practical and secure multifactor user authentication protocol for AV in 5G network. By introducing non‐interactive zero‐knowledge proof technology and physical uncloning function, the protocol completes mutual authentication and key agreement without revealing any sensitive information. The article proves the security of the protocol through BAN logic and the simulation of Scyther. And it can resist malicious attacks and provide more security features. The informal security analysis shows that the protocol can meet the proposed security requirements. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the protocol, and the results show that the protocol can provide better performance.
Enhancing the seismic performance of building structures equipped with composite braces in mega bracing configuration
Authors: AtashFaraz Babak , Jangara Jafar , Katebi Javad 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn this research, a new passive vibration control system for building structures is presented. The proposed system improves the seismic performance of non‐moment steel structures using the ultra‐high‐performance concrete‐filled steel tube (UHPCFT) braces. In this system, pre‐tensioned tendons are considered to equalize the tensile and compressive capacity of the brace members which are installed as large scale concentrically braced frames (CBFs) (i.e., mega bracing frames [MBFs]) in order to minimize the induced forces in the other structural elements (i.e., beams, columns and slabs). To investigate the feasibility of the proposed system, three 8‐, 12‐, and 15‐story structures are considered. Also, buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) and normal concrete filled steel tube (NCFT) braces are considered for the comparison purposes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated considering the performance point values and fragility assessment results calculated using a near‐field pulse‐like earthquake record set. Comparison of the simulation results demonstrates that, for all the considered earthquake records, the proposed system remarkably attenuates the structural demand value and collapse probability for all the considered structures. Also, it has demonstrated that type of the nonlinear analysis affects the damage mode.
Reduced dementia incidence after varicella zoster vaccination in Wales 2013–2020
Authors: Schnier Christian , Janbek Janet , Lathe Richard , Haas Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic infection with herpes viruses is a potential contributing factor to the development of dementia. The introduction of nationwide shingles (varicella zoster) vaccination in Wales might therefore be associated with reduced incident dementia.MethodsWe analyzed the association of shingles vaccination with incident dementia in Wales between 2013 and 2020 using retrospectively collected national health data.ResultsVaccinated individuals were at reduced risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 0.75). The association was not modified by a reduction in shingles diagnosis and was stronger for vascular dementia than for Alzheimer's disease. Vaccination was also associated with a reduction in several other diseases and all‐cause mortality.DiscussionOur study shows a clear association of shingles vaccination with reduced dementia, consistent with other observational cohort studies. The association may reflect selection bias with people choosing to be vaccinated having a higher healthy life expectancy.
The Influence of Technology on the Assessment and Conceptualization of Social Support
Authors: Hunter John F. , Jones Nickolas M. , Delgadillo Desiree , Kaveladze Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter will detail how the advent of the internet and smartphones has fundamentally transformed the nature of social support and its effects on quality of life and health. Technological change has altered: (1) The ways in which we assess social support, (2) The perception and effects of social support. First, we will examine how recent technological innovations have allowed for more detailed, objective, and accurate assessments of social support. Digital technology has enabled us to go beyond simple self-report measures to assess social support and quality of life in unprecedented ways. By leveraging big data across several accessible technological platforms, researchers can begin to understand how social support processes unfold in real time and the myriad ways technology can be used to measure meaningful aspects of social support. In the second section, we will discuss how the concept of social support has changed in the age of digital communication. We will focus on how the presence and use of technological devices influences face-to-face interactions, online groups, and family dynamics. Taken together, this chapter will recognize the changes in social assessment afforded by technology and consider several important areas in which technological tools have transformed social support.
A Matter of Distance? A Qualitative Study of Data-Driven Early Lifestyle Assessment in Preventive Healthcare
Authors: Mønsted Troels 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn essential objective of preventive healthcare is to assess the lifestyle of citizens and identify those with health risk behaviors long time before they develop a lifestyle-related disease. In spite of lasting attempts to support preventive healthcare services in reaching individuals at risk through information campaigns, systematic health check programs, and more recently, data-driven approaches, citizens remain at a distance to the preventive healthcare services. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the reasons for this distance between citizens and preventive care offers and the potential of quantified-self technologies for decreasing this. The analysis shows that while data-driven approaches to lifestyle assessment do assist preventive care services in screening a large population, they do not solve the fundamental challenge; that citizens are often challenged in relating to the risk assessment and in the consequences of their current behaviors on a long timescale. Based on these findings, two design implications are elicited to guide design of systems based on quantified-self to support early assessment and improvement of potentially unhealthy lifestyle, potentially improving health and quality of life in the long term.
Assessment of Activities of Daily Living Via a Smart Home Environment
Authors: Zhang Qing , Karunanithi Mohan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActivities of Daily Living (ADL) has become a clinical de facto instrument to assess older people’s daily functional status living independently at home. This chapter focuses on a ‘smart home environment’ that contributes to the individual’s QoL and leverages a novel objective ADL assessment technology embedded in the home. This objective ADL (OADL) assessment is achieved through fusing data from simple, non-intrusive, always-on, wireless sensors placed in a home environment. To evaluate the OADL in older people, we conducted a 10-month pilot study with five eligible participants between 79 and 88 years old. In each participant’s home, we installed a smart home system. We presented OADL assessment to participants daily through a tablet app for self-management and caregivers through a web portal for decision-making. We then compare the similarity between OADL assessment and traditional self-reported Barthel ADL from participants. Initial study results demonstrated the great potential of the OADL as an effective daily functional status index and management instrument for caregivers to support beloved ones remotely and enable timely and early interventions when necessary. This chapter presents state of art in that domain and reflects on other design implications for a home environment, facilitating better health and life quality in the long term.
Granting Access to Information Is Not Enough: Towards an Integrated Concept of Health Information Acquisition
Authors: Fiordelli Maddalena , Diviani Nicola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the WHO definition of Quality of Life, the environmental domain includes a subdomain called Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills. The information landscape has drastically changed over the past three decades, and now offers opportunities for acquiring information to almost everybody at any time, as the more recent technologies penetrated worldwide. It is thus worth evaluating if and how this change is reflected into the specific subdomain at stake and into the way it is measured. Before and while the information revolution was happening, the subdomain has been classically measured by giving as much attention to the accessibility of information as to the capability of acquiring it. We argue that these two components do not have the same weight nowadays, and that measurements should reflect this conceptual consideration. The more accessible information is indeed also often becoming overwhelming, and it is calling for an improved ability to appraise it. Technologies can help not just measuring the capability to appraise this information, but first and foremost they could build on individually acquired data to make the information more tailored to the user. This is done in other domains than health, and specifically in the marketing field, which has been already an inspiration for the health communication field and could contribute to advancements in the health behavioral domain. Therefore, after discussing how the concept of health literacy could inform the conceptual refinement of the subdomain at stake, this chapter will focus on how personal Internet-enabled technologies could contribute to its measurement in real-time, helping healthcare institutions and policy-makers to make health information more tailored and more accessible to the users.
The Future of Quantifying Behaviors, Health, and Quality of Life
Authors: Wac Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDaily behaviors influence an individual’s health and, in turn, all the domains of their quality of life (QoL). Accurately quantifying these behaviors may allow individuals to improve their overall awareness of these behaviors, make necessary habit changes, and receive more individualized treatment approaches. Currently, self-reported patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are the most common means of assessing daily behaviors. However, this method has multiple limitations, including the infrequency of collection, its subjective nature, its reliance on memory recall, and the influence of social norms. In comparison with PROs, using personalized and miniaturized technological innovations, including smartphones, mobile applications, and wearables, can enable the continuous assessment of daily life behaviors that contribute to or result from an individual’s QoL in a more accurate and timely manner. These technologies have the potential to transform the current state of quantifying QoL, allowing for improved research and the implementation of more individualized approaches to prevention and treatment. This chapter thus presents potential areas of future research and development opened by the use of these technologies in the field of QoL.
Monitoring Technologies for Quantifying Medication Adherence
Authors: Aldeer Murtadha , Javanmard Mehdi , Ortiz Jorge , Martin Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedication non-adherence is a prevalent, complex problem. Failure to follow medication schedules may lead to major health complications, which could reduce quality of life. Proper medication adherence is thus required in order to gain the greatest possible drug benefit during a patient’s treatment. Interventions have been proven to improve medication adherence if deviations are detected. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of technology-based medication adherence approaches and pays particular attention to their technical monitoring aspects. The taxonomy space of this review spans multiple techniques including sensor systems, proximity sensing, vision systems, and combinations of these. As each technique has unique advantages and limitations, this work describes their trade-offs in accuracy, energy consumption, acceptability and user’s comfort, and user authentication.
iSenseYourPain: Ubiquitous Chronic Pain Evaluation through Behavior-Change Analysis
Authors: Ciman Matteo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPain is experienced either due to a physical condition, where it represents associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or due to a psychological situation, implying mental suffering, mental torment. Acute pain lasts for a limited amount of time and is provoked by a specific cause, while chronic pain is a long-term condition that drastically decreases quality of life and may affect patients absent from any biological cause. Chronic pain can affect cognitive functions (e.g., reasoning ability, attention, working memory), mood, sleep quality, sexual functions, and overall mental health. Generally, chronic pain therapy requires a multidisciplinary and complex approach. This chapter proposes a system called iSenseYourPain that continuously assesses chronic pain by leveraging ubiquitous sensor-based behavior assessment techniques. Based on findings from previous research and focusing on qualitative and quantitative assessment of patients’ behavior over time, the iSenseYourPain system is designed to automatically collect data from ubiquitous and everyday smart devices and identify pain-based behavior changes (e.g., changes in sleep duration and social interactions). It facilitates the providing of immediate assistance for pain and discomfort reduction by informing relatives and medical staff of the likelihood of potentially critical health situations. The overall goal of the iSenseYourPain system is to identify pain-related behavior changes in an accurate and timely manner in order to support patients and physicians, allowing the latter to have constant and accurate data on the patient’s condition.
Improving Work Capacity and HRQoL: The Role of QoL Technologies
Authors: Branin Joan Julia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFitness technology, including trackers and smartphone applications (apps), has become increasingly popular for measuring and encouraging physical activity in recent years. Physical activity is closely linked with health and well-being; however, many Americans do not engage in regular exercise. This trend of inactivity increases with age and can interfere with an individual’s capacity to work. The benefits of physical activity and fitness extend beyond job performance and physical aspects of work capacity and include longer life and enhanced quality of life. This literature review addresses the question: How does the use of self-management QoL technologies affect work capacity and reported quality of life? It examines (1) the factors associated with variations in work capacity and quality of life; (2) the state-of-art of personalized, miniaturized computing QoL technologies for measuring and improving physical activity and fitness levels; (3) the use of activity trackers to quantify work capacity; and (4) strategies to enhance use of Web-based tools and fitness technology for behavioral change, health management, and rehabilitation interventions for the self-management of work capacity and enhancement of health-related quality of life across the lifespan. This chapter concludes with recommendations for future development of tools for the assessment and improvement of working capacity.