bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freeze-drying can replace cold-chains for transport and storage of fecal microbiome samples
Authors: Bensch Hanna M. , Tolf Conny , Waldenström Jonas , Lundin Daniel , Zöttl Markus 
Published: March 2022

Background
The transport and storage of samples in temperatures of minus 80 °C is commonly considered as the gold standard for microbiome studies. However, studies conducting sample collection at remote sites without a reliable cold-chain would benefit from a sample preservation method that allows transport and storage at ambient temperature.

Methods
In this study we compare alpha diversity and 16S microbiome composition of 20 fecal sample replicates from Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) preserved in a minus 80 °C freezer and transported on dry ice to freeze-dried samples that were stored and transported in ambient temperature until DNA extraction.

Results
We found strong correlations between relative abundances of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) between preservation treatments of the sample, no differences in alpha diversity measures between the two preservation treatments and minor effects of the preservation treatment on beta diversity measures. Our results show that freeze-drying samples can be a useful method for cost-effective transportation and storage of microbiome samples that yields quantitatively almost indistinguishable results in 16S microbiome analyses as those stored in minus 80 °C.
Synergistic effect of Lipophilic Antioxidants Extracted from Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) with Vitamin E on the Stability of Cotton Seed Oil during Frying of Plantain Chips
Authors: Tonfack Djikeng Fabrice , Ngangoum Serge Eric , Achidi Aduni Ufuan , Bidias à Koul Ophelie Leonce , Eyoum Alima Erika Audrey , Tiencheu Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the synergistic effect of the ethanolic extract and powder of cloves buds (Syzygium aromaticum) with vitamin E in delaying cotton seed oil oxidation during frying of plantain chips.
Study design: Purchase of clove buds, cleaning, preparation of clove buds ethanolic extract and powder, supplementation of cotton seed oil enriched with vitamin E with the extract and powder at different concentrations and evaluation of oil stability during frying of plantain chips.
Place and Duration of Study: General Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Catholic University Institute of Buea-Douala Campus, Littoral Region, Cameroon, from January to June 2019.
Methodology: In refined cotton seed oil (2.5 L) containing vitamin E as preservative was respectively added 0.30, 0.60, 1.00 and 1.30% of Syzygium aromaticum (SA) buds ethanolic extract and 0.5, 1, 1.50% of buds powder. After ensuring the good dispersion of the antioxidants added, oil samples were used for the deep-frying of plantain chips for 10 and 20 min respectively. Oil sample without clove served as control. The stability of the various oil samples was evaluated through the determination of peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, iodine and acid acid (% oleic) values.
Results: Results showed that the natural plant extract and powder increased the stability of the oil compared to the control. Oil samples supplemented with the extract at concentration 0.30 and 0.60% presented good stability compared to the control, while the same extract at higher concentrations (1.00 and 1.30%) tend to behave as prooxidant. Concerning the powder it exhibited better good preservative properties on the oil and at all levels.
Conclusion: Clove ethanolic extract at concentration < 0.60% and its powder at concentration 0.50-1.5% can be used to delay cotton seed oil alteration during frying of plantain chips.
Cost and Returns of Milk Production from Dairy Animals in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao B. V. V. Satyanarayana , Anitha A. , Rao S. Jagadeeswara , Subrahmanyeswari B. 
Published: March 2022

An investigation was conducted to study the cost of milk production in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 300 dairy farmers were selected from the Godavari delta, the upland and the agency areas of the district. The study revealed that the gross cost (Rs/-) of milk production per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffalo (167.17) followed by cross bred cow (140.61), local buffalo (96.22) and local cow (58.32). The cost of milk production per litre was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (22.75) followed by local buffalo (22.82), local cow (18.89) and crossbred cow (14.02). The gross income (Rs/-) per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (292.78) followed by crossbred (236.51), local buffalo (154.84) and local cow (71.45). The net income (Rs/-) per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (125.61) followed by crossbred (95.90), local buffalo (58.62) and local cow (13.13). The average cost of milk production was Rs/- 23.03 and net income per litre was Rs/- 146.85 in graded Murrah buffaloes which was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the Godavari delta. The average cost of milk production was Rs/- 23.73 and net income per litre was Rs/- 71.77 in local buffalo which was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the upland area. The average cost of milk production and net income per litre in local cow was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the Godavari delta (20.14 and 15.46, respectively) than that in upland and agency areas.
Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell from Kasaï Oriental (DRC) on a Few Bacterial Strains
Authors: Musuasua M. M. , Kabena O. N. , Kalanda L. K. , Kangudia B. G. M. , Mutembue D. B , Masens D. M. Y. , Mpiana P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: To carry out a preliminary phytochemical study and to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of different parts of P. muellerianus, a plant widely used traditionally in Kasai Oriental to treat various pathologies including several bacteriosis.
Study Design: Based on the results of an ethnobotanical survey in Kasaï Oriental, P. muellerianus was selected because of the diversity of recipes involving it, its frequency of citation, its level of preference as well as the diversity of diseases treated and the plebiscite of its effectiveness by traditional healers. To contribute to the enhancement of this plant traditionally used against various bacteriosis and to confirm its therapeutic power, the phytochemical screening of its different parts was carried out and the antibacterial potential of various aqueous extracts was evaluated in vitro.
Place and duration of Study: Analyzes were carried out from February to September 2017 at the Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis laboratories of the Congolese Office of Control of Mbujimayi as well as at the Biology and Chemistry laboratories of ISP Mbujimayi.
Methodology: Fourteen bioactive chemical groups were investigated in the leaves, stem barks and those of the roots of this plant according to standard methods of characterization based on precipitation, coloring and moss reactions. In vitro, the diameters of the zones of inhibition as well as the MIC and MBC of each of different aqueous extracts were determined against 20 bacterial strains of 13 species responsible for bacterial diseases in humans.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that all three parts of P. muellerianus contain abundant and diverse bioactive chemical groups. This species contains alkaloids, quinones, steroids, terpenes, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. In vitro bacteria-aqueous extract interaction tests demonstrated that all three aqueous extracts have inhibitory activity on several of the 20 bacterial strains tested. According to MIC and MBC, inhibitory performance varies depending on the germs and extracts. The sensitivity of different bacterial strains to an extract is also variable; each extract having its spectrum of inhibitory actions.
Conclusion: The results confirm the therapeutic potential of P. muellerianus by the presence of several bioactive substances in all its parts and by the diversity of the inhibitory activity of different extracts on several of a few bacterial strains submitted to the tests.
Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Dark Brown Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Ranjithkumar Gangishetti , Bisen Rajani , Kumar Vinod 
Published: March 2022

The present experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2019 at Jawaharlal Nehru krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 500 accessions were evaluated and observations were recorded on twelve traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule length (cm), 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g) and oil content (%). REML analysis revealed significant differences among the 500 accessions for all the traits. It indicates an adequate amount of genetic variability present among the accessions for yield and yield attributing traits. Phenotypic coefficients variation values were higher than Genotypic coefficients variation values under the study. High heritability was recorded for all the traits under experiment. Genetic advance as percentage of mean recorded low for traits days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity. Medium for traits oil content (%), plant height, number of seeds per capsule, whereas traits capsule length, number of capsule per plant, thousand seed weight, number of primary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant recorded in high magnitudes. This result indicates preponderance of additive gene effect, which will help to make selection in early segregating generation.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease – A Longitudinal 10 Years Evidenced Study
Authors: Subramanian S. S. 
Published: March 2022

A Cluster of geriatric health issues which can lead to many neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, and dementia. All these carry along with it a potential decline in quality of life, health care expenses; a larger amount of disability. An early identification of risk factors, along with treatment using due medication coupled with non – pharmacological treatment using physiotherapy were analyzed with evidence in a Ten year follow up of a subject with cerebral small vessel disease. Outcome of the research can be beneficial for geriatric subjects and to further the continuation of the findings of the research.
Cerebral small vessel diseases, with risk arising from ageing, hypertension, and diabetes can better be medically diagnosed treated and duly followed up as it could lead to cognitive decline, dementia, falls physical dysfunctions resulting physical and psychological challenges lowering an elderly subjects quality of life. A holistic intervention, including regular physiotherapy can do a larger extent can minimize progression CSVD as well be beneficial by maximizing functional independence among the subjects.
A Survey on Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Bamenda-Cameroon
Authors: Abongwa Lem Edith , Sumo Laurentine , Ngum Ntonifor Helen , Muhammed Njoya Ngoucheme , Synthia Njiwale Mungwi , Miriam Nakuh Nembo , Nayah Mughom Nora 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Vaccine hesitancy has been a longstanding and complex public health attitude amongst the population. Despite the numerous benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains a major problem. While the importance of vaccine hesitancy is widely acknowledged, comparatively little is known about vaccine hesitancy in Bamenda. We, therefore, sought to examine individuals’ willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccines in-order to understand and address the community-specific concerns and misconceptions.
Study Methodology: This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Bamenda-Cameroon from April to May 2021. Paper-based, pre-tested open-close questionnaires were administered to consented participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 2,531 participants of both sexes were included in the study with a mean age of 23.63±7.52 years. Vaccine hesitancy was 97.6% (2,161). The main reason for vaccine hesitancy was safety concerns 72.3% (1,786). Univariate analysis showed significant differences among the age groups, towns, marital status, monthly income, and religion. The multivariate model identified age group 20-29 years (OR 4.8, CI 1.82-12.53), Christians (OR 21.61, CI 4.92-94.94), Muslims (OR 8.67, CI 1.42-52.82), rural area (OR 2.9, CI 1.58-5.38), monthly income >100,000 FCFA (OR 0.28, CI 0.09-0.87) and those who attained primary education (OR 0.36, CI 0.14-0.92) as predictors of vaccine hesitancy (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The major reasons for vaccine hesitancy were misinformation and lack of trust. Therefore a reduction in the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate mandates collaborative efforts of governments, health policymakers, and media sources to provide useful information that will address the people’s concerns and misconceptions.
Anticancer and Apoptotic Potentials of Gliricidia sepium Leaf Extract on Breast HCC1395, Prostate DU145 and Colorectal CT26 Cell Lines
Authors: Muhammed Abdurrasheed Ola , Nakalembe Immaculate , Olila Deogracious , Afodun Adam Moyosore , Mbugua Regina Wachuka 
Published: March 2022

Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines.
Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp’s larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC50, CC50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers for the genes p53 and BAX were generated and amplified for apoptotic evaluation. The fold change relative to GADPH, the house­keeping gene, was calculated using double delta Ct analysis [2ˉΔΔCT].
Results: The results of BSLA showed that both extracts of G. sepium are strongly toxic (LC50 < 100 µg/ml). However, petroleum ether extract (PGS) exhibited the highest toxicity to the shrimps, with LC50 of 11.95 µg/ml. This is about 8 times more cytotoxic than cyclophosphamide (LC50 of 98.76 µg/ml). On cancer cells, PGS exhibited varying antiproliferative activities; it was high on prostate (IC50 = 12.76 µg/ml), antiproliferative (IC50 = 23.55 µg/ml) and moderately antiproliferative (IC50 = 77.58 µg/ml) on breast and colorectal cancer respectively. PGS CC50 value was greater than 100 µg/ml. Ethanol extract (EGS) showed very high toxicity to all the tested cancer cells (IC50 <20µg/ml) with low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 41.81 µg/ml) to the normal cells. It exhibited a significant difference and high selectivity index across all the cell lines used in this study. EGS also upregulated both p53 and BAX biomarkers in the qRT-PCR apoptotic study.
Conclusion: The leaf extracts of G. sepium is a potential anticancer agent. The 70% ethanol extract selectively induced antiproliferative activities on cancer cells and upregulated apoptotic genes. The Petroleum ether extract also showed very low cytotoxicity to the normal cells. The plant should be considered a novel candidate for further studies.
Systemic Granulomatosis in the Context of Solid Tumors: A Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Fares M. , Benzakour M. , Al-Azhari A. , Echchilali K. , Moudatir M. , Elkabli H. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The association between solid cancers and sarcoidosis is well-known, however,we shouldn’t quickly link a granulomatous lesion to sarcoidosis in a patient suffering from a solid tumor, hence, a granuloma in the context of a solid cancer presents a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge.
Methods: It’s a retrospective monocentric study of 10 cases, suffering from solid tumors, with granulomatous lesions. The type of cancer, the temporal relation between the granulomatous lesion and the cancer, the associated symptoms, the final diagnosis and the disease progression are reported. The patients were separated into three sub groups based on the time of appearance of the granulomatous lesions in relation to the solid tumor.
Results: Discovery of granulomatous lesions preceded the diagnosis of cancer in 1 case, discovered concomitantly with cancer in 5 cases and finally after the cancer in 4 cases. The main solid cancer in our study was breast invasive ductal carcinoma (40%), the other cancers were: squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, colorectal adenocarcinoma, ovarian epithelial cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid papillary carcinoma and uterine sarcoma.
Conclusion: A granuloma in the course of solid cancers maybe associated with multiple etiologies. Therefore, the clinician may face many difficulties, ranging from failing to diagnose a cancer to a wrong conclusion of treatment failure or a relapse. The biopsy is still the only guiding element.
Microwave Scanning Technology as a Non-destructive Testing Method for Detecting Black Heart in Potato
Authors: Nyitamen D. S. , Oladipupo S. O. , Ja’afaru S. 
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, food scientists and engineers have attempted to develop an improve technologies that can detect the internal damages of agricultural produce under postharvest conditions using a various methods of destructive and non-destructive technologies. This study presents the technique of microwave scanning as a non-destructive technology for application in agriculture to detect black heart in potato tubers in a non-destructive way. A bi-static antenna configuration of microwave scanning setup operating at 2.45GHz was assembled, with a customized slotted rectangular microstrip antenna designed and simulated with CST, thereafter fabricate the antenna to be used as a microwave sensor in the setup, a miniVNA tiny double as a RF generator and S-parameter measurement was used to measured transmission coefficient through samples of real potato, the analysis was based on the differences in the wave spectrum obtained between the good potato sample and the sample with black heart. The result obtained from the analysis of wave spectrum shows that there is a significant difference up to 5dB in the wave pattern of a good potato sample and the sample with internal damages. Accuracy up to 86% of true state of the tested sample was achieved using the technology. Hence, the method can be adequately used as a scientific way of grading and sorting a batch of potato non-destructively.
Nomophobic Prevalence and Social Intelligence of Higher Secondary Students during COVID-19
Authors: Elias Jijish , Mirunalini M. , Paul Issac 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To identify the nomophobic prevalence and extent of social intelligence among adolescent students and identify the correlation between these variables.
Study Design: Descriptive survey method.
Place and Duration of Study: Various Higher Secondary schools in Kerala between June 2021 and December 2021.
Methodology: 1068 higher secondary students were drawn for the study and the social intelligence and nomophobic prevalence of those students were identified using two standardised tools. The data collected wereanalysed to identify the level of their social intelligence and nomophobic prevalence, The correlation between these two factors was also studied.
Results: The scores achieved by the sample were analysed appropriately and the quartile values on comparison show that the higher secondary students are having a moderate social intelligence and nomophobic prevalence. The correlation studies show that these factors are negatively correlated.
Conclusion: Higher secondary students show moderate nomophobic prevalence, It should not be allowed to become an addiction. The negative correlation implicates that nomophobic prevalence decreases the social intelligence of adolescents.
Seroprevalence of Rubella Virus among Pregnant Women in the Red Sea Region of Sudan
Authors: Abbas Anass M. , Shalabi Manar G. , Muzamil Magdi B. , Alkhanjaf Abdulrab Ahmed M. , Mohamed Hatem , Ejaz Hasan 
Published: March 2022

Aims: We aimed to investigate the occurrence of the rubella virus among pregnant women, including those who had a history of abortions in the Red Sea region of Sudan.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Port Sudan referral tertiary hospital.
Methodology: Blood samples were collected at random from 100 participants who were pregnant or had a history of abortion and who were referred to the hospital. Side flow chromatography immunoassay was used for detection, and the Elisa technique was used for confirmation.
Results: From a total of 100 participants, rubella virus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 20 (20%), and 80 were seronegative (80%). The seronegative Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was 0 (00.0%), with no participant had a recent infection. The prevalence of 11 rubella virus IgG was significantly high (P = .003) among the females who had abortions 61 (61%). However, no statistically significant relationship was found with the frequency of IgG of rubella virus and age, gestational age, level of education, or occupation.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of rubella infections was higher among pregnant females and who had a history of abortions in the Red Sea region. The detection of human rubella virus IgG previous infection was higher than IgG recent infection.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Petroleum
Authors: Rakhmatullin Ilfat Z. , Efimov Sergej V. , Klochkov Vladimir V. , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

1
H and
13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is well‐known recognized technique for establishing structural formulas, spatial and electronic structure of organic compounds which can be either first synthesized or isolated from natural raw materials. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using NMR spectroscopy for studying various objects in petroleum chemistry. In the case of oil and petroleum products containing typically hundreds of compounds, mainly hydrocarbons, an important feature of NMR spectroscopy is a strict correlation of integral intensities of separate signal groups in certain chemical shifts ranges in
1
H and
13
C NMR spectra with the content of the corresponding molecular fragments. The modern NMR spectroscopy technique is based not only on increased sensitivity and resolution but also applies two‐dimensional methods, which provide additional information on the composition of the studied samples.