bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Ductus Venosus Doppler (at 11–13 + 6 Weeks) in Predicting Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Indian Population
Authors: Chhikara Urvashi , Anand Keerthana , Sharma Akshatha , Prasad Smriti , Kaul Anita 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the performance of Ductus venosus (DV) Doppler done at the routine first trimester screening (11–13 + 6 weeks) in predicting the adverse fetal outcomes in Indian population.MethodsThis observational study was conducted between 2013 and 2019, on 4340 singleton pregnancies. Ductus Doppler were considered abnormal if DV pulsatility index values were >95th centile for that gestation or with a reversed “a” wave. Anatomical survey was done to rule out other abnormalities. Women were followed up till delivery and outcomes were divided into 4 groups: 1) aneuploidies; 2) cardiac defects; 3) non‐cardiac structural abnormalities; and 4) miscarriages before 24 weeks or fetal deaths after 24 weeks.ResultsPrevalence of abnormal DV Doppler is 5.12% (205/4004). There were significantly higher number of fetal losses (4.4 versus 0.3%), aneuploidies (10.2 versus 1.7%), fetal cardiac defects (5.9 versus 1.4%), and non‐cardiac structural defects (5.4 versus 1.4%) among the pregnancies with abnormal DV Doppler in comparison to those with normal flow (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis has shown that significant contribution to fetal chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac defects was associated with abnormal DV. Other factors which were found to have a significant association with adverse fetal outcome were increased nuchal translucency and increased body mass index (BMI).ConclusionDV Doppler in first trimester can be used as a screening tool for cardiac defects and fetal deaths. Women with abnormal DV Dopplers should be offered fetal echocardiography at 18–22 weeks and third trimester growth scans with Dopplers.
Effect of structure, phase, and elemental composition of AlN, CrAlN, and ZrAlN coatings on their electrochemical behavior in 3% NaCl solution
Authors: Kameneva Anna , Kichigin Vladimir , Bublik Natalia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThin coatings AlN, AlZrN, and AlCrN were deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering. The high‐speed steel Т1, structural alloy steel 5140, and structural carbon steel 1017 were used as substrates. The magnetron current, nitrogen content in the gas mixture, and bias voltage on the substrate were changed to obtain nanostructured and amorphous layers of coatings with different elemental compositions. The voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy were performed on the coated samples in 3% NaCl solution. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was characterized by the corrosion current density icorr, the polarization resistance Rp (at the corrosion potential), the ratios icorr,s/icorr, and Rp/Rp,s, where subscript s refers to the substrate. It was shown that the coatings under study (except AlN) are electrochemically active, and the corrosion processes occur not only on the substrate in the coating discontinuity but on the coating surface as well. The coatings AlN/T1, AlZrN/5140, AlCrN/T1, and AlCrN/5140 with icorr ~ 10−7 A cm−2 are found to be the most corrosion‐resistant in 3% NaCl. The paper discusses factors affecting the corrosion behavior of the investigated coatings.
Simple Fabrication and Enhanced Bioactivity of Bioglass‐Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) Composite Scaffolds with Matrix Microporosity
Authors: Jeyachandran Dhanalakshmi , Li Li , Fairag Rayan , Haglund Lisbet , Cerruti Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScaffold porosity plays an important role in bone tissue engineering as macropores promote cell migration and micropores promote protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Currently, most methods use complex, multi‐step processes to create dual‐scale porosity in composite scaffolds, and no studies evaluate the effect of microporosity on the bioactivity of composite scaffolds with dual porosity. To fill this gap, a simple solvent casting and porogen leaching technique using paraffin microspheres as a porogen and CitriSolv as the leaching solvent to prepare macroporous Bioglass‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (Bg‐PLGA) scaffolds with intrinsic micropores (1–10 µm) in the PLGA matrix is proposed, and the effect of microporosity on the bioactivity of the scaffolds is analyzed. PLGA matrix microporosity induces larger apatite deposition upon immersion in simulated body fluid, as well as enhanced protein adsorption upon contact with serum, compared to non‐microporous scaffolds. Also, mesenchymal cells cultured on the microporous scaffolds show extensive matrix deposition. These results highlight this method as a simple and effective technique to produce dual‐porosity scaffolds that are excellent candidates for bone tissue engineering, as their enhanced bioactivity, protein adsorption, and the extensive matrix deposition observed in‐vitro are good indicators of fast bone integration upon implantation.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dopamine Transporter Asymmetry in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Murtomäki Kirsi , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Jaakkola Elina , Mäkinen Elina , Levo Reeta , Nojonen Tanja , Eklund Mikael , Nuuttila Simo , Lindholm Kari , Pekkonen Eero , Joutsa Juho , Noponen Tommi , Ihalainen Toni , Kaasinen Valtteri , Scheperjans Filip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe neurophysiological correlates of gastrointestinal symptoms (GISs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well understood. It has been proposed that in patients with a gastrointestinal origin of PD dopaminergic neurodegeneration would be more symmetric.ObjectivesThe aim is to assess the associations between GISs and asymmetry of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.MethodsNinety PD patients were assessed using motor and GIS scales and 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT. We calculated the asymmetry index and the predominant side of motor symptoms and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging defect and assessed their association with GISs.ResultsThere were no significant differences in GISs between symmetric and asymmetric dopaminergic defect. Left predominant defect was related to more GIS and higher constipation scores.ConclusionsGISs were associated with left predominant reduction in putaminal DAT binding but not asymmetry per se. It remains open whether left‐sided DAT deficit is related to more pronounced GI involvement or symptom perception in PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
De novo nonsense variant in ASXL3 in a Chinese girl causing Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Jianming , Jiang Nan , Xie Jiansheng , Yang Jingxin , Zhao Xiaoshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBainbridge‐Ropers syndrome (BRPS, OMIM #615485) was first identified in 2013 by Bainbridge et al. and is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by failure to thrive, facial dysmorphism and severe developmental delay. BRPS is caused by heterozygous loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants in the additional sex combs‐like 3 (ASXL3) gene. Due to the limited specific recognizable features and overlapping symptoms with Bohring–Opitz syndrome (BOS, OMIM #612990), clinical diagnosis of BRPS is challenging.MethodsIn this study, a 2‐year‐8‐month‐old Chinese girl was referred for genetic evaluation of severe developmental delay. The reduced fetal movement was found during the antenatal period and bilateral varus deformity of feet was observed at birth. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to detect and confirm the variant.ResultsA novel nonsense variant c.1063G>T (p.E355*) in the ASXL3 gene (NM_030632.3) was identified in the proband and the clinical symptoms were compatible with BRPS. The parents were physical and genetic normal and prenatal diagnosis was requested for her pregnant mother with a negative Sanger sequencing result.ConclusionThe study revealed a de novo LOF variant in the ASXL3 gene and expanded the mutation spectrum for this clinical condition. By performing a literature review, we summarized genetic results and the clinical phenotypes of all BPRSs reported so far. More cases study may help to elucidate the function of the ASXL3 gene may be critical to understand the genetic aetiology of this syndrome and assist in accurate genetic counselling, informed decision making and prenatal diagnosis.
Numerical simulation of cyclic shear tests considering the fabric change and principal stress rotation effects
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yang Yunming , Li Yao , Liu Shu , Zhou Pan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclic loadings could induce complicated soil responses, including the fabric change and principal stress rotation, both of which would reduce the effective confining pressure and accelerate the build‐up of excess pore water pressures, thus leading to sand liquefaction in undrained conditions. The principal stress rotation, even without the change of principal stress magnitudes, would further generate the accumulative plastic shear strains. However, most of the existing studies focus on their individual effect and the combined effect was seldom considered. In this paper, a numerical approach including an elastoplastic sand constitutive model is proposed to consider the combined effect of the fabric change and principal stress rotation. In this model, the fabric change is considered with the anisotropic critical state theory and the principal stress rotation is considered by splitting the plastic strain increment into the monotonic part and rotational part. By simulating a series of cyclic shear tests, results from the numerical solutions are found showing good agreements with the existing experimental results and the importance of considering the combined effect is demonstrated. The approach can be used to predict the stress‐strain response of sand and guide the design of foundations especially in undrained cyclic loading conditions, for example, earthquake loadings conditions.
Tuning protecto‐flexibility in nature: Case of the fish scale
Authors: Murcia Sandra , Ghods Sean , Ossa Alex , Arola Dwayne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFish scales are among the structural materials in nature that are inspiring the design and development of “next‐generation” engineering materials. Fish scales possess a mineralization gradient that divides their thickness into three unique regions, each containing characteristic structures and properties. Here, experiments and complementary numerical modeling are performed to understand the importance of the different geometrical and mechanical parameters affecting the structural behavior of fish scales. Numerical modeling results showed that the stiffness and work to fracture of the scales in flexure are dependent on the amplitude and wavelength of the limiting layer profile. Furthermore, the mechanical response in bending of the scales can be effectively tuned by the suture profile location within the limiting layer thickness. These results highlight the opportunity to tailor the mechanical response of flexible composite laminates through the architecture of the layers and their interfaces to effectively control the protecto‐flexibility.Key Points
This work combines the disciplines of structural biology, materials science and mechanical engineering to identify the key contributions of the microstructure to the inherent protecto‐flexibility of fish scales, a class of natural dermal armor.
The interdisciplinary approach enables an identification of how nature adjusts specific morphological parameters to modulate both flexiblity and protection from physical threats.
Salience and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets
Authors: Dušek Libor , Pardo Nicolas , Traxler Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are made salient. The most effective treatment yields a net revenue gain that covers approximately 25 percent of the labor costs of the ticket administration personnel. A survey experiment documents how the salience nudges alter prior (mis)perceptions about the communicated parameters. The survey results rationalize the differential effects of the treatments and, together with the evidence from the RCT, offer a broader framework for explaining why certain nudges are effective in some contexts but fail in others.
Controllable design of polytetrafluoroethylene chemical component using the “harmful” irradiation heat
Authors: Peng Xionghou , Yao Nina , Heng Zhengguang , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an investigation was performed to study the influence of irradiation heat on the structure and thermal properties of PTFE samples. The tribological properties of POM/irradiated‐PTFE composites were also compared. The results revealed that shortening the interval time of irradiation could induce higher surface temperature and produce more carboxyl groups and trifluoromethyl groups. Additionally, these bulky groups were partly incorporated into the crystalline region of PTFE, which increased the lattice parameters. The decreased interval time accelerated chain scission reactions, causing the Tm and T5% of irradiated PTFE with interval time of 6 min dropped by 12.1 and 107.6°C, respectively, compared with the unirradiated PTFE. More importantly, the POM/A1600 (weight ratio of 90/10) composites were endowed with the lowest friction coefficient of about μ = 0.129 due to the highest transfer film content formed on the friction pair after sliding. The study of the influence of irradiation heat on the degradation of PTFE could provide some theoretical basis for optimizing the electron beam irradiation process and achieving the controllable design of high degradable PTFE. This research could provide a new idea for the utilizing of irradiation heat in the fields of material modification.
Large‐eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer over an Alpine glacier: Impact of synoptic flow direction and governing processes
Authors: Goger Brigitta , Stiperski Ivana , Nicholson Lindsey , Sauter Tobias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mass balance of mountain glaciers is of interest for several applications (e.g., local hydrology or climate projections), and turbulent fluxes can be an important contributor to glacier surface mass balance during strong melting events. The underlying complex terrain leads to spatial heterogeneity and non‐stationarity of turbulent fluxes. Owing to the contribution of thermally induced flows and gravity waves, exchange mechanisms are fully three‐dimensional, instead of only vertical. Additionally, glaciers have their own distinct microclimate, governed by a down‐glacier katabatic wind, which protects the glacier ice and interacts with the surrounding flows on multiple scales. In this study, we perform large‐eddy simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a horizontal grid spacing of 48 m to gain insight into the boundary‐layer processes over an Alpine valley glacier, the Hintereisferner. We choose two case studies from the Hintereisferner experiment measurement campaign with different synoptic wind directions (southwest and northwest). Model evaluation with an array of eddy‐covariance stations on the glacier tongue and surroundings reveals that the Weather Research and Forecasting model is able to simulate the general glacier boundary‐layer structure. Under a southwesterly airflow, the down‐glacier wind is supported by the synoptic wind parallel to the glacier axis, a stable boundary layer is present over the ice surface, and local processes govern the turbulence kinetic energy production. Under northwesterly airflow, a cross‐glacier valley flow and a breaking gravity wave lead to strong turbulent mixing and to the subsequent erosion of the glacier boundary layer. Stationarity analysis of the sensible heat flux suggests non‐stationary behaviour for both case study days, whereas non‐stationarity is highest on the northwesterly day during the gravity‐wave event. These results suggest that the synoptic wind direction has, in addition to upstream topography and the atmospheric stability, a strong impact on whether a local glacier boundary layer can form or not, influencing whether a glacier is able to maintain its own microclimate.
Synthesis of Novel Sulfonamide Incorporated Azo Compounds as a PotentSolvatochromic and Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Manjunatha B. , Bodke Yadav D. , Venkatesh Talavara , Pasha K M. Mussuvir , Jain R. Sandeep Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn search of potent solvatochromic and biological agents, here we reported the synthesis of four azo dyes (S1–S4) owing sulfonamide functionality by diazo coupling reaction and their spectroscopic properties were investigated through UV, DRS, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Quantum chemical parameters of the synthesised colourants were assessed through DFT studies. The solvatochromic behaviour of sulfonamide incorporated azo compounds was investigated in ten different solvents owing different polarity and proticity and they exhibited remarkable positive solvatochromic behaviour and they exhibited λmax in the range 395–464 nm. Antituberculosis efficacy was evaluated using MABA assay against M. Tuberculosis,among the synthesised colourants compound S3furnished good activity viz MIC=3.85 μM and the remaining compounds showed moderate activity with the MIC values in the range 14.84–32.38 μM.
Hydration Intermediate Phase Regulated In‐Plane and Out‐Plane Epitaxy Growth of Oriented Nano‐Array Structures on Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Li Hanming , Bi Weihui , Song Yilong , Ge Chengda , Wang Anran , Wang Zisheng , Hao Mingwei , Kang Yifei , Yang Yang , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFabrication of organic–metal‐halide perovskite micro‐nano array structures draws attention to the potential application in polarized light, high‐resolution X‑ray imaging, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers. However, it is still challenging to achieve the growth of controllable long‐range ordered nanostructure arrays by chemical solution‐based techniques. Herein, controllable epitaxial growth of long‐range ordered micro‐nano arrays on MAPbI3 single crystal (SC) surface is reported. A hydrated intermediate phase is found that can effectively regulate in‐plane and out‐plane orientated growth, respectively. This is attributed to the regulation of growth thermodynamics by hydration 0D perovskite intermediate phase enabling free recombination of PbI42– octahedral cages. Further, it is found that the degree of hydration is the key to the realization of in‐plane and out‐plane growth. Meanwhile, polarization emission and amplified spontaneous emission property are observed in highly oriented nanorod arrays with potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting polarized emission.
Chaotropic Effect Stabilized Radical‐Containing Supramolecular Organic Frameworks for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Wen‐Zhen , Chen Hao , Shen Meng‐Na , Yang Ziqiong , Fan Zhengyu , Xiao Ju , Chen Junling , Zhang Haibo , Wang Zhengxi , Wang Xiao‐Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadical‐containing frameworks (RCFs) have emerged as promising functional materials in various fields due to the combination of the highly ordered frame structure and the fascinating property of organic radicals. Here, the first example of radical‐containing supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) fabricated by the chaotropic effect between closo‐dodecaborate cluster (B12H122−) and 2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TPT3+) is presented. The SOFs can be easily synthesized by stirring the B12H122− and the TPT3+ in aqueous solution through self‐assembly. Upon 435 nm light irradiation, the SOFs exhibits photochromic behavior from slight yellow (SOF‐1) to dark purple (SOF‐2). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy also reveals that stable radicals are generated in situ after light irradiation. Powder X‐ray diffraction demonstrates the SOFs maintain their structural stabilities upon light irradiation. More interestingly, the radical‐containing SOFs exhibit efficient photothermal effect under 660 nm light irradiation, which can be applied as photothermal agent for antibacterial application both in vitro and in vivo. This work highlights the construction of RCFs through supramolecular self‐assembly, which may arouse applications in energy, catalysis, photoluminescence, and biomedical fields.
Extraction and Characterization of Starch from Cassava Peels
Authors: Fronza Pãmella , Costa Ana Letícia Rodrigues , Franca Adriana Silva , de Oliveira Leandro Soares 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCassava peels are waste generated worldwide in large amounts by the cassava processing industry. Although some studies have highlighted their application for animal feed, a more profitable use for these residues has not yet been implemented. Thus, the aim of this study is to extract starch from the peels of cassava and to characterize its physical, chemical, rheological, structural, thermal, and morphological properties. The content (23.2%) and the properties of the starch extracted from cassava residues are within the ranges of those extracted from the flesh, and of those from other sources such as corn and sorghum. Centesimal composition data show low contents of proteins, ash, and lipids. The extracted starch presents an amylopectin‐to‐amylose ratio of 5:1, which facilitates gelatinization and contributes to high solubility and swelling power, highly desirable properties for food applications. The high thermal stability of the extracted starch suggests strong intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of the starch molecules, a characteristic that favors its application in processes where elevated temperatures are applied.