bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diarrhea outbreak associated with coronavirus infection in adult dairy goats
Authors: Smith Fauna Leah , Heller Meera C. , Crossley Beate M. , Clothier Kristin A. , Anderson Mark L. , Barnum Samantha S. , Pusterla Nicola , Rowe Joan D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfection by coronaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease in many species. Little is known about its prevalence and importance in goats.ObjectiveIdentify the etiology, demographics, and clinical features of an outbreak of diarrhea in adult goats.HypothesisBovine coronavirus (BCoV) PCR would detect viral material in feces of goats in the herds involved in the diarrhea outbreak.AnimalsTwelve herds with 4 to 230 adult goats were affected. Goats sampled for fecal PCR were ≥1‐year‐old: 25 from affected herds and 6 from a control herd.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study of an outbreak of diarrheal disease in adult goats. BCoV PCR primers for the spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins were used to test fecal material from affected goats. The N protein sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Herd records and owner surveys were used to characterize morbidity, clinical signs, and treatment.ResultsIn 2 affected herds 18/25 of animals had at least 1 positive BCoV PCR test. Goats from affected herds were significantly more likely to be PCR positive than the control herd (OR 8.75, 95% CI 1.11‐104, P = .05). The most common clinical signs were change in fecal consistency (19/20) and decreased milk production (14/15). Phylogenetic analysis of the N protein showed this virus was closely related to a bovine‐like coronavirus isolated from a giraffe.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBovine coronavirus primers detected nucleic acids of the N and S proteins in feces of goats in affected herds. Coronavirus shedding frequency was temporally associated with the outbreak.
Culturable and metagenomic approaches of wheat bran and wheat straw phyllosphere’s highlight new lignocellulolytic microorganisms
Authors: Besaury L. , Rémond C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The phyllosphere, defined as the aerial parts of plants, is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth. The microorganisms present on the phyllosphere can have several interactions with the plant. The phyllosphere represents then a unique niche where microorganisms have evolved through time in that stressful environment and may have acquired the ability to degrade lignocellulosic plant cell walls in order to survive to oligotrophic conditions. The dynamic lignocellulolytic potential of two phyllospheric microbial consortia (wheat straw and wheat bran) has been studied. The microbial diversity rapidly changed between the native phyllospheres and the final degrading microbial consortia after 48 h of culture. Indeed, the initial microbial consortia was dominated by the Ralstonia (35·8%) and Micrococcus (75·2%) genera for the wheat bran and wheat straw whereas they were dominated by Candidatus phytoplasma (59%) and Acinetobacter (31·8%) in the final degrading microbial consortia respectively. Culturable experiments leading to the isolation of several new lignocellulolytic isolates (belonging to Moraxella and Atlantibacter genera) and metagenomic reconstruction of the microbial consortia highlighted the existence of an unpredicted microbial diversity involved in lignocellulose fractionation but also the existence of new pathways in known genera (presence of CE2 for Acinetobacter, several AAs for Pseudomonas and several GHs for Bacillus in different metagenomes-assembled genomes). The phyllosphere from agricultural co-products represents then a new niche as a lignocellulolytic degrading ecosystem.
(Ir)regular Mood Swings: Lexical Variability in Heritage Speakers’ Oral Production of Subjunctive Mood
Authors: Giancaspro David , Perez‐Cortes Silvia , Higdon Josh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research indicates that heritage speakers (HSs) of Spanish produce both subjunctive and indicative mood in expected subjunctive contexts. The present study sheds new light on this pattern by testing the effects of morphological regularity on HSs’ mood production in volitional contexts, where Spanish‐dominant speakers (e.g., first‐generation immigrants) use almost exclusively subjunctive forms. Results of an elicited production task, completed by 42 HSs and 10 first‐generation controls, reveal that HSs differentiate between the two moods. Despite this sensitivity, HSs also exhibit variability, which is strongly conditioned by regularity. Whereas HSs produce subjunctive forms almost categorically with irregular verbs, their subjunctive production with regular verbs is more variable, a pattern we link to irregular verbs’ higher relative lexical autonomy and perceptual salience. Instead of classifying HSs’ morphological knowledge in binary terms, we argue for the importance of exploring how variability with mood is shaped by the morphological characteristics of individual lexical items.
Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, satiety responsiveness, and weight status
Authors: Higgins Ryan C. , Keller Kathleen L. , Aruma Jane C. , Masterson Travis D. , Adise Shana , Fearnbach Nicole , Stein Wendy M. , English Laural K. , Fuchs Bari , Pearce Alaina L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLonger exclusive breastfeeding duration has been associated with differences in neural development, better satiety responsiveness, and decreased risk for childhood obesity. Given hippocampus sensitivity to diet and potential role in the integration of satiety signals, hippocampus may play a role in these relationships. We conducted a secondary analysis of 149, 7–11‐year‐olds (73 males) who participated in one of five studies that assessed neural responses to food cues. Hippocampal grey matter volume was extracted from structural scans using CAT12, weight status was assessed using age‐ and sex‐adjusted body mass index (%BMIp85), and parents reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and satiety responsiveness (Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Separate path models for left and right hippocampus tested: (1) the direct effect of exclusive breastfeeding on satiety responsiveness and its indirect effect through hippocampal grey matter volume; (2) the direct effect of hippocampal grey matter volume on %BMIp85 and its indirect effect through satiety responsiveness. %BMIp85 was adjusted for maternal education, yearly income, and premature birth while hippocampal grey matter volume was adjusted for total intercranial volume, age, and study from which data were extracted. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volumes. In addition, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower %BMIp85. However, hippocampal grey matter volumes were not associated with satiety responsiveness. Although no relationship was found between breastfeeding and child weight status, these results highlight the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the hippocampal structure.
Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices: The Ethics of Quantitative Data Handling and Reporting in Applied Linguistics
Authors: ISBELL DANIEL R. , BROWN DAN , CHEN MEISHAN , DERRICK DEIRDRE J. , GHANEM ROMY , ARVIZU MARÍA NELLY GUTIÉRREZ , SCHNUR ERIN , ZHANG MEIXIU , PLONSKY LUKE 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScientific progress depends on the integrity of data and research findings. Intentionally distorting research data and findings constitutes scientific misconduct and introduces falsehoods into the scientific record. Unintentional distortions arising from questionable research practices (QRPs), such as unsystematically deleting outliers, pose similar obstacles to knowledge advancement. To investigate the extent of misconduct and QRPs in quantitative applied linguistics research, we surveyed 351 applied linguists who conduct quantitative research about their practices related to data handling and reporting. We found that 17% of respondents (approximately 1 in 6) admitted to 1 or more forms of scientific misconduct and that 94% admitted to 1 or more QRPs relevant to quantitative research. We also examined these practices in relation to participant background and training. Researchers admitting to misconduct tended to be earlier in their careers and had experienced publication rejection due to lack of statistically significant results. Quantitative training had generally desirable associations with QRPs. Publication rate and experience with publication rejection were associated with admission of several QRPs related to omitting statistical results. We discuss these findings and offer 5 recommendations for the field of applied linguistics to improve ethical quantitative data handling and reporting in research.
Increases in oil price or oil exports: Which one is more positive on trade balance for African OPEC Member Countries?
Authors: Bala Umar , Chin Lee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether an increase in oil prices or oil exports will improve the trade balance in African OPEC Member Countries. The annual panel data of four African OPEC Member Countries, namely Algeria, Angola, Libya and Nigeria were used in the study. The aim of the study is to determine whether African OPEC Member Countries will benefit more from an increase in oil prices or an increase in oil exports coupled with a depreciation in the exchange rate. Two panel estimators were used, namely a fully modified OLS and a dynamic OLS. The results indicate that both an increase in oil prices and in oil exports will improve the trade balance of African OPEC Member Countries; but the greater benefit will be from an increase in crude oil exports. Furthermore, depreciation in the exchange rate will discourage imports, while it will be insignificant in encouraging exports. Policymakers should know that it will be more beneficial to increase oil exports rather than oil prices in order to improve the trade balance of their country. The oil producing countries are supplying the crude oil based on the equilibrium in the world market demand increase in economic activities is favourable to trade balance. In addition, the central bank has to realise that devaluing the exchange rate is not an effective way to improve exports since it will not lower the price of domestic crude oil.
Bullying and social goal‐setting in youth: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Samson Jennifer E. , Delgado Megan A. , Louis Danielle F. , Ojanen Tiina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBullying is a serious concern worldwide and may compromise development for all involved. Growing evidence suggests that bullying may be viewed as a goal‐oriented strategy to achieve prestige and power or as a form of proactive aggression serving personal goals. The current paper reports a meta‐analysis of studies examining social goals‐bullying associations in youth. In addition to reporting an overall weighted‐average effect size, we compared the relative strength of associations of specific goals (status/dominance vs. antisocial/prosocial) with bullying, and examined goal type (situation‐specific vs. global), gender, and age as potential moderators. A thorough literature search identified 45 eligible effect sizes from 16 independent samples (14 sources). On average, bullying behavior was related significantly to social goal setting. Specifically, youth who displayed more bullying behavior were more likely to endorse status/power goals (r = .16, 95% CI [.11, .21]) and antisocial goals (r = .27, 95% CI [.04, .48]) and to disregard prosocial goals (r = −.10, 95% CI [−.19, −.02]) than their peers who displayed less bullying behavior. None of the included moderators related to differences in the weighted average effect size. The findings support conceptualization of bullying as instrumental behavior aimed at achieving personal goals. They also advance the understanding of motivations for bullying by indicating that, for example, goals for status/power among peers and goals of antisocial nature (e.g., revenge goals) are both related to the risk of bullying. Implications for basic research and bullying interventions are discussed.
High‐resolution bin‐based linkage mapping uncovers the genetic architecture and heterosis‐related loci of plant height in indica–japonica derived populations
Authors: Kong Weilong , Deng Xiaoxiao , Yang Jing , Zhang Chenhao , Sun Tong , Ji Wenjie , Zhong Hua , Fu Xiaopeng , Li Yangsheng 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYPlant height (PH) is an important trait affecting the plant architecture, seed yield, and harvest index. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PH heterosis remain unclear. In addition, useful PH‐related genes must be urgently identified to facilitate ideal plant architecture breeding in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, to explore rice quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and heterosis‐related loci of PH in rice, we developed a high‐generation (>F15) population of 272 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross of two elite varieties, Luohui 9 (indica/xian) × RPY geng (japonica/geng), and two testcross hybrid populations derived from the crosses of RILs and two cytoplasmic male sterile lines (YTA [indica] and Z7A [japonica]). Using deep resequencing data, a high‐density genetic map containing 4758 bin markers was constructed, with a total map distance of 2356.41 cM. Finally, 31 PH‐related QTLs for different PH component lengths or tiller numbers across five seasons were identified. Two major environment‐specific PH QTLs were stably detected in Hainan (qPH‐3.1) or Hubei (qPH‐5.1), which have undergone significant functional alterations in rice with changes in geographical environment. Based on comparative genomics, gene function annotation, homolog identification, and existing literature (pioneering studies), candidate genes for multiple QTLs were fine‐mapped, and the candidate genes qPH‐3.1 and qPH‐5.1 for PH were further validated using CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing. Specifically, qPH‐3.1 was characterized as a pleiotropic gene, and the qPH‐3.1 knockout line showed reduced PH, delayed heading, a decreased seed setting rate, and increased tiller numbers. Importantly, 10 PH heterosis‐related QTLs were identified in the testcross populations, and a better‐parent heterosis locus (qBPH‐5.2) completely covered qPH‐5.1. Furthermore, the cross results of fixed‐genotype RILs verified the dominant effects of qPH‐3.1 and qPH‐5.1. Together, these findings further our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PH and offer multiple highly reliable gene targets for breeding rice varieties with ideal architecture and high yield potential in the immediate future.
Staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma utilizing fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared to whole body computed tomography
Authors: Brody Ariel , Crooks J. Clifton , French John M. , Lang Linda G. , Randall Elissa K. , Griffin Lynn R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFew studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging veterinary patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT compared to whole‐body CT (WBCT) for staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT imaging studies of 66 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were anonymized and separated into two detached studies (one with whole body pre‐ and post‐contrast CT images and the other with the whole body pre‐ and post‐contrast CT images with the associated 18F‐FDG‐PET overlay). Image assessment was performed retrospectively by five board‐certified veterinary radiologists. The radiologists were instructed to assign a predefined categorical score (1–4) to each pre‐designated anatomic region based on a devised lesional scoring system. A score of 1 was normal, 2 abnormal but not neoplastic, 3 abnormal and concerning for neoplasia, and 4 abnormal, most likely neoplastic. Overall, the likelihood of detection of ‘3 or 4’ was found to be significantly higher with 18F‐FDG PET/CT when compared to WBCT after adjusting for the effect of evaluator and the subject. Most significantly, 13 osseous lesions concerning for metastasis (scored 3–4) were identified in 10/66 dogs by at least one reviewer on 18F‐FDG PET/CT, which were not identified by any reviewer on WBCT. Additionally, four comorbid neoplastic lesions were identified with 18F‐FDG PET/CT and not with WBCT. The results of this study suggest that 18F‐FDG PET/CT is more efficacious in detecting metastatic and comorbid neoplastic lesions compared to WBCT in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.
The Record Power Profile in Professional Female Cyclists: Normative Values Obtained From a Large Database
Authors: Mateo-March Manuel , van Erp Teun , Muriel Xabier , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Zabala Mikel , Lamberts Robert P. , Lucia Alejandro , Barranco-Gil David , Pallarés Jesús G. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To describe the record power profile of professional female cyclists and to assess potential differences based on the type of rider. Methods: Power output data (32,028 files containing both training and competition sessions recorded) in 44 female professional cyclists during 1–6 years were analyzed. Cyclists were categorized as all-rounders, time trialists, climbers, or sprinters. The record power profile was calculated using the mean maximal power output (MMP) values attained by each cyclist for different-effort durations (5 s to 60 min) expressed in relative (W·kg−1), as well as absolute, power output (W). Results: Participants’ MMP averaged 15.3 (1.8) W·kg−1 for 5 seconds, 8.4 (0.8) W·kg−1 for 1 minute, 5.2 (0.5) W·kg−1 for 10 minutes, and 4.2 (0.4) W·kg−1 for 60 minutes. For short-duration efforts (5–30 s), sprinters attained the highest MMP results, with significantly higher relative (Hedges g = 1.40–2.31) or absolute (g = 4.48–8.06) values than the remainder of categories or climbers only, respectively. Time trialists attained the highest MMP for longer efforts, with higher relative values than both all-rounders and climbers when comparing efforts lasting 10 to 60 minutes (P < .05, g = 1.21–1.54). Conclusions: In professional female cyclists, the record power profile substantially differs based on the specific category of the rider. These findings provide unique insights into the physical capacities of female professional cyclists, as well as a benchmark for coaches and scientists aiming to identify talent in female cycling.
If exercise is medicine, why don’t we know the dose? An overview of systematic reviews assessing reporting quality of exercise interventions in health and disease
Authors: Hansford Harrison J , Wewege Michael A , Cashin Aidan G , Hagstrom Amanda D , Clifford Briana K , McAuley James H , Jones Matthew D 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo determine how well exercise interventions are reported in trials in health and disease.DesignOverview of systematic reviews.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO from inception until June 2021.Eligibility criteriaReviews of any health condition were included if they primarily assessed quality of exercise intervention reporting using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) or the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). We assessed review quality using a modified version of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews.ResultsWe identified 7804 studies and included 28 systematic reviews. The median (IQR) percentage of CERT and TIDieR items appropriately reported was 24% (19%) and 49% (33%), respectively. TIDieR items 1,Brief name(median=100%, IQR 4) and 2,Why(median=98%, IQR 6), as well as CERT item 4,Supervision and delivery(median=68%, IQR 89), were the best reported. For replication of exercise interventions, TIDieR item 8,When and how much,was moderately well reported (median=62%, IQR 68) although CERT item 8,Description of each exercise to enable replication(median=23%, IQR 44) and item 13,Detailed description of the exercise intervention(median=24%, IQR 66) were poorly reported. Quality of systematic reviews ranged from moderate to critically low quality.ConclusionExercise interventions are poorly reported across a range of health conditions. If exercise is medicine, then how it is prescribed and delivered is unclear, potentially limiting its translation from research to practice.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021261285; Open Science Framework: osf.io/my3ec/.
Are cause of death data for Shanghai fit for purpose? A retrospective study of medical records
Authors: Chen Lei , Xia Tian , Yuan Zheng-An , Rampatige Rasika , Chen Jun , Li Hang , Adair Timothy , Yu Hui-Ting , Bratschi Martin , Setel Philip , Rajasekhar Megha , Chowdhury H R , Gamage Saman Hattotuwa , Fang Bo , Azam Omair , Santon Romain , Gu Zhen , Tan Ziwen , Wang Chunfang , Lopez Alan D , Wu Fan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the quality of cause of death reporting in Shanghai for both hospital and home deaths.Design and settingMedical records review (MRR) to independently establish a reference data set against which to compare original and adjusted diagnoses from a sample of three tertiary hospitals, one secondary level hospital and nine community health centres in Shanghai.Participants1757 medical records (61% males, 39% females) of deaths that occurred in these sample sites in 2017 were reviewed using established diagnostic standards.InterventionsNone.Primary outcomeOriginal underlying cause of death (UCOD) from medical facilities.Secondary outcomeRoutine UCOD assigned from the Shanghai Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) system and MRR UCODs from MRR.ResultsThe original UCODs as assigned by doctors in the study facilities were of relatively low quality, reduced to 31% of deaths assigned to garbage codes, reduced to 2.3% following data quality and follow back procedures routinely applied by the Shanghai CRVS system. The original UCOD had lower chance-corrected concordance and cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy of 0.57 (0.44, 0.70) and 0.66, respectively, compared with 0.75 (0.66, 0.85) and 0.96, respectively, after routine data checking procedures had been applied.ConclusionsTraining in correct death certification for clinical doctors, especially tertiary hospital doctors, is essential to improve UCOD quality in Shanghai. A routine quality control system should be established to actively track diagnostic performance and provide feedback to individual doctors or facilities as needed.