bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit and explicit learning of socio-emotional information in a dynamic interaction with a virtual avatar
Authors: Costea Andrei R. , Jurchiș Răzvan , Visu-Petra Laura , Cleeremans Axel , Norman Elisbeth , Opre Adrian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImplicit learning (IL) deals with the non-conscious acquisition of structural regularities from the environment. IL is often deemed essential for acquiring regularities followed by social stimuli (e.g., other persons’ behavior), hence is hypothesized to play a role in typical social functioning. However, our understanding of how this process might operate in social contexts is limited for two main reasons. First, while IL is highly sensitive to the characteristics of the surface stimuli upon which it operates, most IL studies have used surface stimuli with limited social validity (e.g., letters, symbols, etc.). Second, while the social environment is dynamic (i.e., our behaviors and reactions influence those of our social partners and vice-versa), the bulk of IL research employed noninteractive paradigms. Using a novel task, we examine whether IL is involved in the acquisition of regularities from a dynamic interaction with a realistic real-life-like agent. Participants (N = 115) interacted with a cinematic avatar that displayed different facial expressions. Their task was to regulate the avatar’s expression to a specified level. Unbeknownst to them, an equation mediated the relationship between their responses and the avatar’s expressions. Learning occurred in the task, as participants gradually increased their ability to bring the avatar in the target state. Subjective measures of awareness revealed that participants acquired both implicit and explicit knowledge from the task. This is the first study to show that IL operates in interactive situations upon socially relevant surface stimuli, facilitating future investigations of the role that IL plays in (a)typical social functioning.
National consensus statement by the Austrian Societies for Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Infectiology, Dermatology and Gastroenterology regarding the management of latent tuberculosis and the associated utilization of biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Authors: Rath Eva , Bonelli Michael , Duftner Christina , Gruber Johann , Mandl Peter , Moazedi-Furst Florentine , Pieringer Herwig , Puchner Rudolf , Flick Holger , Salzer Helmut J. F. , Weiss Günter , Winkler Stefan , Skvara Hans , Moschen Alexander , Hofer Harald , Feurstein Julia , Sautner Judith 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis publication provides a thorough analysis of the most relevant topics concerning the management of latent tuberculosis when using biologic and targeted synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) by a multidisciplinary, select committee of Austrian physicians. The committee includes members of the Austrian Societies for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Pulmonology, Infectiology, Dermatology and Gastroenterology. Consensus was reached on issues regarding screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis and includes separate recommendations for each biologic and targeted synthetic DMARD.
Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Feelings after Exposure among Adolescents in Nine European Countries: The Role of Individual Factors and Social Characteristics
Authors: Lebedíková Michaela , Mýlek Vojtěch , Subrahmanyam Kaveri , Šmahel David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch on adolescents’ sexual exposure has mostly focused on negcative outcomes using a risk-based lens, and there is little work on the factors that may predict exposure, as well as youths’ emotional responses to sexual content. Using a cross-national sample, the present study examined the associations of individual (sensation seeking and emotional problems) and social characteristics (the quality of family environment, including active and restrictive parental mediation) with adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit materials and their feelings after exposure. The survey included 8,820 11- to 16-year-olds (Mage = 13.36 years, SD = 1.62, 48.0% male) from nine European countries (Czech Republic, Finland, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland). The results revealed that although there were differences in the prevalence of youths’ sexual exposure by country, there were also similarities in the characteristics underlying exposure and subsequent feelings across different country contexts. No significant relationship was found between active parental mediation and exposure in most countries, and the findings regarding restrictive parental mediation were mixed. Although the majority of the participants reported neutral feelings, there were gender differences in feeling happy and upset after exposure. Overall, the results suggest that exposure may not be as distressing to youth as prevalent risk-focused narratives have suggested.
Element stoichiometry and nutrient limitation in bog plant and lichen species
Authors: Wieder R. Kelman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOmbrotrophic bogs receive new inputs of elements solely through atmospheric deposition, except for N where inputs are predominantly through N2-fixation, at least in low N deposition environments. At various locations across the globe, including the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of northern Alberta, Canada, element atmospheric deposition has increased as a result of anthropogenic activities. Regional and/or global deposition gradients offer an opportunity to examine questions related to nutrient limitation and element stoichiometry, i.e., the maintenance of relatively constant element ratios in bog lichen/plant tissues despite differing element deposition/availability. Using a dataset of tissue element concentrations in eight lichen/plant species in six AOSR bogs, supplemented with literature data from other sites globally, this synthesis asks: is there evidence of element stoichiometric homeostasis in lichen or plant species in AOSR bogs; if so, do stoichiometric homeostasis relationships extend globally beyond the AOSR, and; do element ratios provide insight into element limitation for the eight species? Mean element ratios and their coefficients of variation, ternary NPK and CaMgK plots, and scaling coefficients revealed widespread evidence of stoichiometric homeostasis. Stoichiometric relationships generally were unaffected by differences in element deposition among the AOSR bogs. Stoichiometric relationships sometimes extended to a species globally, but sometimes did not. Element ratios and ternary diagrams suggested a combination of N-, P-, and K-limitation, both within and beyond the AOSR bogs. Regionally high atmospheric N deposition may have shifted some species from N-limitation prior to the Industrial Revolution to P- or K-limitation today.
Silica nanostructures against fungal growth: design and preparation of antifungal cotton fabrics
Authors: Liu Ming , Granados Albert , Reyes-Mesa David , Arosemena-Angulo E. Leonardo , Calvo-Torras María Ángeles , Pleixats Roser , Vallribera Adelina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe preparation of antifungal-functionalized silica nanoparticles by covalent attachment of several silylated derivatives based on the topical antifungal agent Micozanole is described. Grafting and co-condensation procedures are used to obtain mesoporous or dense nanoparticles. Cotton fabrics have been coated with these antifungal-functionalized silica nanoparticles under ultrasonic conditions. The characterization of the functionalized nanoparticles and coated cotton fabrics is performed by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The antifungal activity of all the modified cotton textiles is tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes CECT 2783, Aspergillus brasiliensis CECT 2091, Penicillium chrysogenum CECT 2307 and Candida albicans CECT 1001, resulting to be highly dependent on the microorganism. Remarkably, all of the modified fabrics are active against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with up to 75 and 90% effectiveness, respectively. High expectations arise for topical cutaneous applications in wound dressings (bandages, gauzes, strips).
Graphical abstract
G﻿lobal phylogeography of ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys spp.): evolution, demography, connectivity, and conservation
Authors: Vilaça Sibelle Torres , Hahn Anelise Torres , Naro-Maciel Eugenia , Abreu-Grobois F. Alberto , Bowen Brian W. , Castilhos Jaqueline C. , Ciofi Claudio , FitzSimmons Nancy N. , Jensen Michael P. , Formia Angela , Limpus Colin J. , Natali Chiara , Soares Luciano S. , de Thoisy Benoit , Whiting Scott D. , Bonatto Sandro L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobally distributed marine taxa are well suited for investigations of biogeographic impacts on genetic diversity, connectivity, and population demography. The sea turtle genus Lepidochelys includes the wide-ranging and abundant olive ridley (L. olivacea), and the geographically restricted and ‘Critically Endangered’ Kemp’s ridley (L. kempii). To investigate their historical biogeography, we analyzed a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from olive (n = 943) and Kemp’s (n = 287) ridleys, and genotyped 15 nuclear microsatellite loci in a global sample of olive ridleys (n = 285). We found that the ridley species split ~ 7.5 million years ago, before the Panama Isthmus closure. The most ancient mitochondrial olive ridley lineage, located in the Indian Ocean, was dated to ~ 2.2 Mya. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed significant structure for olive ridleys between Atlantic (ATL), East Pacific (EP), and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) areas. However, the divergence of mtDNA clades was very recent (< 1 Mya) with low within- clade diversity, supporting a recurrent extinction-recolonization model for these ocean regions. All data showed that ATL and IWP groups were more closely related than those in the EP, with mtDNA data supporting recent recolonization of the ATL from the IWP. Individual olive ridley dispersal between the ATL, EP, and IN/IWP could be interpreted as more male- than female-biased, and genetic diversity was lowest in the Atlantic Ocean. All populations showed signs of recent expansion, and estimated time frames were concordant with their recent colonization history. Investigating species abundance and distribution changes over time is central to evolutionary biology, and this study provides a historical biogeographic context for marine vertebrate conservation and management.
Velvet antler polypeptide combined with calcium phosphate coating to protect peripheral nerve cells from oxidative stress
Authors: Mao Renqun , Du Dalian , Zhu Xiaodi , Li Wenqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFunctionalizing biomaterial substrates with biological signals shows promise in regulating cell behaviors through mimicking cellular microenvironment. Calcium phosphate (CaP) coating is an excellent carrier for immobilizing biological molecules due to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable affinity to plenty of molecules. In this study, we reported the adhesion, the viability and proliferation behaviors after oxidative stress injury of Schwann cells RSC96 on CaP immobilized with the Velvet Antler Peptide (VAP) isolated from velvet antler through coprecipitation process in modified Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) containing VAP. This approach provided well retention of functional molecules up to 28 days, and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 after oxidative stress injury without cytotoxicity. The simple and reproducible method of coprecipitation suggests that CaP is an ideal carrier to functionalize materials with biological molecules for peripheral nerve repair-related applications.
‘Bush kinders’: developing early years learners technology and engineering understandings
Authors: Speldewinde Chris , Campbell Coral 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping a knowledge of design and construction technology and engineering is often overlooked in favour of ‘digital’ technology such as tablets and computers. By taking children outdoors into nature, removing tablets and computers as well as artificial and synthetic materials and replacing them with only what nature provides, children become attuned to developing STEM knowledge through play with natural materials. This knowledge often develops through teacher support and at times by default, as children experience the constantly changing landscape of the natural environment. The development of children’s understandings of ‘nature’s’ technology and engineering provides an opportunity for further investigation of nature-based early childhood education and care settings. Through research conducted at four Australian bush kindergartens, this paper presents data from photographs, interviews and observations undertaken of twelve teachers and over one hundred and twenty children. It responds to the research question, how do early years learners develop their understanding of technology and engineering by engaging in nature-based learning? The research was undertaken using ethnography, a useful method in nature settings as the approach enables a deep understanding of how children develop their understandings of applying technology and engineering over time. The data demonstrate the benefits preschool children can gain from learning and being ‘in’ and ‘with’ nature and the important role bush kinders play in supporting children’s technological and engineering literacy. Findings reveal that through their participation in bush kinder, children can develop technological and engineering knowledge.
Shutting the studio: the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on architectural education in the United Kingdom
Authors: Grover Robert , Wright Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic instigated a rapid shift to remote learning in schools of architecture in the United Kingdom. Through the largest survey of its kind of architectural students and tutors in the UK, this research compares experiences in the physical design studio and its remote equivalent. The context of the pandemic provided a unique opportunity to survey a range of cohorts, at different stages in their architectural education to compare these two modes of studio delivery. The findings show a fall in student satisfaction after the move to remote learning in every metric assessed. Peer interaction and support were particularly effected. More formal teaching interactions, such as reviews, crits and tutorials, also suffered but to a lesser extent. For teaching staff, some small improvements in the working environment were observed as well as organisational factors. However, these small gains were outweighed by the negative changes. The research suggests that despite the replication of teaching activities digitally, the situated learning of design education and the facilitation of informal learning scenarios are critical components of design education. This research contributes to the ongoing characterisation of architectural education’s signature pedagogy and suggests that for effective remote learning, design studio education must be reconceptualised, and alternative pedagogies embraced. This can direct educators looking to develop remote design studio learning as well as highlighting areas in which the traditional model of architectural education may be enhanced.
The Needs and Experiences of Parents with Psychosis: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Radley Jessica , Barlow Jane , Johns Louise C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver a third of individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder are also a parent. The symptoms of psychosis and side effects of antipsychotic medication can impact on parents’ awareness of the needs of their children and, at times, the parent may be emotionally and practically unavailable to their child. This study assessed the expressed emotion of parents with psychosis and used qualitative methods to investigate their needs and experience in order to identify how best to support this parent group. Twelve parents with a diagnosed psychotic disorder and with a child aged between 3 and 11 years took part in semi-structured interviews. The majority of parents displayed high levels of warmth and low levels of negativity towards their child. Four themes were generated using reflexive thematic analysis: (1) the impact of psychosis on parenting, (2) the need to protect their child, (3) the need to feel normal, and (4) the impact of parenting stress on psychosis. These results showed how parents want to protect their children and feel normal despite experiencing psychosis. They also highlighted the cyclical relationship between parenting stress and psychotic symptoms, whereby psychotic symptoms can impact on a parent’s capacity to care for their child and parenting stress can exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Smart retrofitting in maintenance: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sanchez-Londono David , Barbieri Giacomo , Fumagalli Luca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe last decade saw the rise of digitalization and data-supported decision making in the manufacturing industry: the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This trend, also known as Industry 4.0, allows manufacturing enterprises to discover manufacturing uncertainties and measure their real manufacturing capability. One of the ways in which Industry 4.0 trends have been exploited is in the improvement of maintenance, which went from following planning-focused paradigms to more proactive-focused stances. Enabling the Industry 4.0 vision for maintenance purposes has historically required companies to either replace or upgrade their existing legacy devices. It is through the latter course of action that Smart retrofitting in maintenance (SRM) intends to bring value to enterprises. This work aims to present a systematic literature review on SRM, utilizing the oft-cited PRISMA methodology. Through this analysis, a definition of SRM that reflects the current state of the art is proposed. Furthermore, the research in SRM applied in the context of different maintenance strategies is assessed (i.e. reactive, planned, proactive and strategic maintenance), and the most common drivers and challenges in SRM are presented. Finally, a roadmap for the implementation of SRM is proposed. The analysis of the SRM literature reveals that there are important research opportunities in the exploitation of SRM for strategic maintenance and asset management. The authors hope that this document leads to the consolidation of a new research area that aims to add value to maintenance in enterprises through the application of smart retrofitting in preexisting legacy devices.
Unraveling the temperature-dependent plastic deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline Ta implants through numerical analysis of grain boundary dynamics
Authors: Kardani A. , Montazeri A. , Urbassek H. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanostructured tantalum (Ta)-based dental implants have recently attracted significant attention thanks to their superior biocompatibility and bioactivity as compared to their titanium-based counterparts. While the biological and chemical aspects of Ta implants have been widely studied, their mechanical features have been investigated more rarely. Additionally, the mechanical behavior of these implants and, more importantly, their plastic deformation mechanisms are still not fully understood. Accordingly, in the current research, molecular dynamics simulation as a powerful tool for probing the atomic-scale phenomena is utilized to explore the microstructural evolution of pure polycrystalline Ta samples under tensile loading conditions. Various samples with an average grain size of 2–10 nm are systematically examined using various crystal structure analysis tools to determine the underlying deformation mechanisms. The results reveal that for the samples with an average grain size larger than 8 nm, twinning and dislocation slip are the main sources of any plasticity induced within the sample. For finer-grained samples, the activity of grain boundaries—including grain elongation, rotation, migration, and sliding—are the most important mechanisms governing the plastic deformation. Finally, the temperature-dependent Hall–Petch breakdown is thoroughly examined for the nanocrystalline samples via identification of the grain boundary dynamics.
Expenditure on Paid-for Gambling Advertising During the National COVID-19 ‘Lockdowns’: An Observational Study of Media Monitoring Data from the United Kingdom
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Hunt Kate , Wardle Heather , Stead Martine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in gambling advertising during national COVID-19 ‘lockdowns’, when stay-at-home rules restricted participation in certain gambling activities, provides important context to variance in gambling behaviour during these periods. This study describes expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising during three national lockdowns, compares expenditure to pre-pandemic estimates, and compares changes in expenditure by subsector. Data come from an observational study of weekly expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising in the United Kingdom (n = 135 weeks; beginning 2019 to mid-2021), focusing on three COVID-19 lockdowns: (1) March-May 2020; (2) November-December 2020; and (3) January-March 2021. We descriptively analysed how total advertising expenditure in each lockdown (£GBP, inflation-adjusted) compared to the same time points in 2019, both overall and by subsector (bookmakers, lotteries, online bingo, online casino and poker, gaming, pools, mobile content). Gambling advertising expenditure during lockdown one was 38.5% lower than 2019 (£43.5 million[m] vs. £70.7 m, respectively), with decreases across all subsectors (range: -81.7% [bookmakers] to -2.8% [online bingo]). Total advertising expenditure in lockdown two was 49.3% higher than 2019 (£51.7 m vs. £34.6 m), with increases for 5/7 subsectors (range: -31.6% [mobile content] to + 103.8% [bookmakers]). In lockdown three, advertising expenditure was 5.9% higher than 2019 (£91.2 m vs. £86.1 m), with increases for 4/7 subsectors (range: -92.4% [pools] to + 49.2% [mobile content]). Reductions in advertising expenditure in lockdown one are congruent with self-reported reductions in overall gambling also observed during this period. Further research is needed to determine whether increased advertising expenditure in lockdowns two and three correlates with increased gambling, overall and for specific subsectors.
Radionuclide metrology: confidence in radioactivity measurements
Authors: Pommé Stefaan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRadionuclides, whether naturally occurring or artificially produced, are readily detected through their particle and photon emissions following nuclear decay. Radioanalytical techniques use the radiation as a looking glass into the composition of materials, thus providing valuable information to various scientific disciplines. Absolute quantification of the measurand often relies on accurate knowledge of nuclear decay data and detector calibrations traceable to the SI units. Behind the scenes of the radioanalytical world, there is a small community of radionuclide metrologists who provide the vital tools to convert detection rates into activity values. They perform highly accurate primary standardisations of activity to establish the SI-derived unit becquerel for the most relevant radionuclides, and demonstrate international equivalence of their standards through key comparisons. The trustworthiness of their metrological work crucially depends on painstaking scrutiny of their methods and the elaboration of comprehensive uncertainty budgets. Through meticulous methodology, rigorous data analysis, performance of reference measurements, technological innovation, education and training, and organisation of proficiency tests, they help the user community to achieve confidence in measurements for policy support, science, and trade. The author dedicates the George Hevesy Medal Award 2020 to the current and previous generations of radionuclide metrologists who have devoted their professional lives to this noble endeavour.