bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reacting to the Olive Branch: Hawks, Doves, and Public Support for Cooperation
Authors: Mattes Michaela , Weeks Jessica L.P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA popular view holds that foreign policy hawks have an advantage at bringing about rapprochement with international adversaries. This idea is rooted in domestic politics: voters respond more favorably to efforts at reconciliation when their own leader has a hawkish rather than a dovish reputation. Yet, domestic reactions are only part of the equation—to succeed, rapprochement must also evoke a favorable response by the adversary. In this research note, we argue that hawks who make conciliatory gestures may face international liabilities that could offset their domestic advantages. Foreign audiences should view doves who make overtures as more sincere and should therefore be more willing to support cooperation with foreign doves than with foreign hawks. We field a pair of survey experiments to examine whether Americans respond differently when foreign hawks versus foreign doves deliver the olive branch. We find that foreign doves fare better at eliciting cooperation because they are deemed more sincere, though the prospect of military vulnerability limits how willing Americans are to respond positively even to a dove who makes a gesture. Thus, while past research has shown that hawks are better positioned domestically to initiate rapprochement, our findings suggest that they have a harder time eliciting a favorable response from the adversary.
Chilling-induced phosphorylation of IPA1 by OsSAPK6 activates chilling tolerance responses in rice
Authors: Jia Meiru , Meng Xiangbing , Song Xiaoguang , Zhang Dahan , Kou Liquan , Zhang Junhui , Jing Yanhui , Liu Guifu , Liu Huihui , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Yu Hong , Li Jiayang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChilling is a major abiotic stress harming rice development and productivity. The C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a central role in cold stress and acclimation in Arabidopsis. In rice, several genes have been reported in conferring chilling tolerance, however, the chilling signaling in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we report the chilling-induced OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6 (OsSAPK6)-IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE 1 (IPA1)-OsCBF3 signal pathway in rice. Under chilling stress, OsSAPK6 could phosphorylate IPA1 and increase its stability. In turn, IPA1 could directly bind to the GTAC motif on the OsCBF3 promoter to elevate its expression. Genetic evidence showed that OsSAPK6, IPA1 and OsCBF3 were all positive regulators of rice chilling tolerance. The function of OsSAPK6 in chilling tolerance depended on IPA1, and overexpression of OsCBF3 could rescue the chilling-sensitive phenotype of ipa1 loss-of-function mutant. Moreover, the natural gain-of-function allele ipa1-2D could simultaneously enhance seedling chilling tolerance and increase grain yield. Taken together, our results revealed a chilling-induced OsSAPK6-IPA1-OsCBF signal cascade in rice, which shed new lights on chilling stress-tolerant rice breeding.
Aggregative trans-eQTL analysis detects trait-specific target gene sets in whole blood
Authors: Dutta Diptavo , He Yuan , Saha Ashis , Arvanitis Marios , Battle Alexis , Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarge scale genetic association studies have identified many trait-associated variants and understanding the role of these variants in the downstream regulation of gene-expressions can uncover important mediating biological mechanisms. Here we propose ARCHIE, a summary statistic based sparse canonical correlation analysis method to identify sets of gene-expressions trans-regulated by sets of known trait-related genetic variants. Simulation studies show that compared to standard methods, ARCHIE is better suited to identify “core”-like genes through which effects of many other genes may be mediated and can capture disease-specific patterns of genetic associations. By applying ARCHIE to publicly available summary statistics from the eQTLGen consortium, we identify gene sets which have significant evidence of trans-association with groups of known genetic variants across 29 complex traits. Around half (50.7%) of the selected genes do not have any strong trans-associations and are not detected by standard methods. We provide further evidence for causal basis of the target genes through a series of follow-up analyses. These results show ARCHIE is a powerful tool for identifying sets of genes whose trans-regulation may be related to specific complex traits.
NGC1818 unveils the origin of the extended main-sequence turn-off in young Magellanic Clouds clusters
Authors: Cordoni Giacomo , Milone Antonino P. , Marino Anna F. , Cignoni Michele , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Tailo Marco , Carlos Marília , Dondoglio Emanuele , Jang Sohee , Mohandasan Anjana , Legnardi Maria V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe origin of young star clusters represents a major challenge for modern stellar astrophysics. While stellar rotation partially explains the colour spread observed along main-sequence turn-offs, i.e. where stars leave the main-sequence after the exhaustion of hydrogen in their core, and the multiple main sequences in the colour-magnitude diagrams of stellar systems younger than approximately 2 Gyr, it appears that an age difference may still be required to fulfill the observational constraints. Here we introduce an alternative approach that exploits the main-sequence turn-on, i.e. the point alongside the colour-magnitude diagram where pre-main-sequence stars join the main-sequence, to disentangle between the effects of stellar rotation and age to assess the presence, or lack thereof, of prolonged star formation in the approximately 40-Myr-old cluster NGC1818. Our results provide evidence for a fast star formation, confined within 8 Myr, thus excluding age differences as responsible for the extended main-sequence turn-offs, and leading the way to alternative observational perspectives in the exploration of stellar populations in young clusters.
Engineered bioorthogonal POLY-PROTAC nanoparticles for tumour-specific protein degradation and precise cancer therapy
Authors: Gao Jing , Hou Bo , Zhu Qiwen , Yang Lei , Jiang Xingyu , Zou Zhifeng , Li Xutong , Xu Tianfeng , Zheng Mingyue , Chen Yi-Hung , Xu Zhiai , Xu Huixiong , Yu Haijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) has been exploited to degrade putative protein targets. However, the antitumor performance of PROTACs is impaired by their insufficient tumour distribution. Herein, we present de novo designed polymeric PROTAC (POLY-PROTAC) nanotherapeutics for tumour-specific protein degradation. The POLY-PROTACs are engineered by covalently grafting small molecular PROTACs onto the backbone of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer via the disulfide bonds. The POLY-PROTACs self-assemble into micellar nanoparticles and sequentially respond to extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2, intracellular acidic and reductive tumour microenvironment. The POLY-PROTAC NPs are further functionalized with azide groups for bioorthogonal click reaction-amplified PROTAC delivery to the tumour tissue. For proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that tumour-specific BRD4 degradation with the bioorthogonal POLY-PROTAC nanoplatform combine with photodynamic therapy efficiently regress tumour xenografts in a mouse model of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer. This study suggests the potential of the POLY-PROTACs for precise protein degradation and PROTAC-based cancer therapy.
Rational development of a combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza
Authors: Ye Qing , Wu Mei , Zhou Chao , Lu Xishan , Huang Baoying , Zhang Ning , Zhao Hui , Chi Hang , Zhang Xiaojing , Ling Dandan , Zhang Rong-Rong , Li Zhuofan , Luo Dan , Huang Yi-Jiao , Qiu Hong-Ying , Song Haifeng , Tan Wenjie , Xu Ke , Ying Bo , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the world continues to experience the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza remain a cause of severe morbidity and mortality globally. Worse yet, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) leads to more severe clinical outcomes. The development of a combined vaccine against both COVID-19 and influenza is thus of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we developed and characterized a novel mRNA vaccine encoding the HA antigen of influenza A (H1N1) virus, termed ARIAV. Then, ARIAV was combined with our COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ARCoV, which encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, to formulate the final combined vaccine, AR-CoV/IAV. Further characterization demonstrated that immunization with two doses of AR-CoV/IAV elicited robust protective antibodies as well as antigen-specific cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. More importantly, AR-CoV/IAV immunization protected mice from coinfection with IAV and the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants. Our results highlight the potential of the LNP-mRNA vaccine platform in preventing COVID-19 and influenza, as well as other respiratory diseases.
Development of hybrid green nanocomposite polymeric beads doped with nano sulfated zirconia for effective removal of Cefotaxime antibiotic from aqueous solution
Authors: Gouda Marwa H. , Elessawy Noha A. , Toghan Arafat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdsorption efficiency of Cefotaxime by novel nanocomposites beads composed of iota carrageenan (IC), sulfonated poly vinyl alcohol (SPVA) and nano sulfated zirconia (SZrO2) was evaluated in this study. SZrO2 was synthesized from solvent-free and easy calcination technique then embedded with 1–2.5 wt.% into the polymeric matrix. A batch adsorption experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dosage, pH, beginning concentration, and time on Cefotaxime antibiotic adsorption. The ideal conditions to achieve complete removal are 88.97 mg L−1 initial cefotaxime concentration at time 3.58 h with 11.68 mg of beads composite with 2.5 wt.% of SZrO2. The pseudo second order kinetics model better illustrated the adsorption of cefotaxime on nanocomposite beads, and the maximum adsorption capacity are 659 mg g−1 for the composite with 2.5 wt.% of SZrO2. The mechanism of adsorption process depend mainly on the interactions between the different functional groups of SPVA, IC and SZrO2. The nanocomposites beads also exhibit excellent reproducibility after ten adsorption cycles. This type of nanocomposites beads can be easily separated from water without leaving any residue, verifying this novel nanocomposite beads has strong potential in water treatment for the antibiotic contaminant removal.
Protecting infrastructure performance from disinformation attacks
Authors: Jamalzadeh Saeed , Barker Kash , González Andrés D. , Radhakrishnan Sridhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDisinformation campaigns are prevalent, affecting vaccination coverage, creating uncertainty in election results, and causing supply chain disruptions, among others. Unfortunately, the problems of misinformation and disinformation are exacerbated due to the wide availability of online platforms and social networks. Naturally, these emerging disinformation networks could lead users to engage with critical infrastructure systems in harmful ways, leading to broader adverse impacts. One such example involves the spread of false pricing information, which causes drastic and sudden changes in user commodity consumption behavior, leading to shortages. Given this, it is critical to address the following related questions: (i) How can we monitor the evolution of disinformation dissemination and its projected impacts on commodity consumption? (ii) What effects do the mitigation efforts of human intermediaries have on the performance of the infrastructure network subject to disinformation campaigns? (iii) How can we manage infrastructure network operations and counter disinformation in concert to avoid shortages and satisfy user demands? To answer these questions, we develop a hybrid approach that integrates an epidemiological model of disinformation spread (based on a susceptible-infectious-recovered model, or SIR) with an efficient mixed-integer programming optimization model for infrastructure network performance. The goal of the optimization model is to determine the best protection and response actions against disinformation to minimize the general shortage of commodities at different nodes over time. The proposed model is illustrated with a case study involving a subset of the western US interconnection grid located in Los Angeles County in California.
Exploiting gene dependency to inform drug development for multiple myeloma
Authors: Went Molly , Hoang Phuc H. , Law Philip J. , Kaiser Martin F. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in therapy, multiple myeloma essentially remains an incurable malignancy. Targeting tumour-specific essential genes, which constitute a druggable dependency, potentially offers a strategy for developing new therapeutic agents to treat MM and overcome drug resistance. To explore this possibility, we analysed DepMap project data identifying 23 MM essential genes and examined the relationship between their expression and patient outcome in three independent series totalling 1503 cases. The expression ofTCF3andFLVCR1were both significantly associated with progression-free survival.IKBKBis already a drug target in other diseases, offering the prospect of repurposing to treat MM, whilePIM2is currently being investigated as a treatment for the disease. Our analysis supports the rationale of using large-scale genetic perturbation screens to guide the development of new therapeutic agents for MM.
Hypnotic enhancement of slow-wave sleep increases sleep-associated hormone secretion and reduces sympathetic predominance in healthy humans
Authors: Besedovsky Luciana , Cordi Maren , Wißlicen Laura , Martínez-Albert Estefanía , Born Jan , Rasch Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSleep is important for normal brain and body functioning, and for this, slow-wave sleep (SWS), the deepest stage of sleep, is assumed to be especially relevant. Previous studies employing methods to enhance SWS have focused on central nervous components of this sleep stage. However, SWS is also characterized by specific changes in the body periphery, which are essential mediators of the health-benefitting effects of sleep. Here we show that enhancing SWS in healthy humans using hypnotic suggestions profoundly affects the two major systems linking the brain with peripheral body functions, i.e., the endocrine and the autonomic nervous systems (ANS). Specifically, hypnotic suggestions presented at the beginning of a 90-min afternoon nap to promote subsequent SWS strongly increased the release of growth hormone (GH) and, to a lesser extent, of prolactin and aldosterone, and shifted the sympathovagal balance towards reduced sympathetic predominance. Thus, the hypnotic suggestions induced a whole-body pattern characteristic of natural SWS. Given that the affected parameters regulate fundamental physiological functions like metabolism, cardiovascular activity, and immunity, our findings open up a wide range of potential applications of hypnotic SWS enhancement, in addition to advancing our knowledge on the physiology of human SWS.
Infrared spectra of complex organic molecules in astronomically relevant ice mixtures
Authors: Rachid M. G. , Rocha W. R. M. , Linnartz H. 
Published: July 2022

Context. The increasing sensitivity and resolution of ground-based telescopes have enabled the detection of gas-phase complex organic molecules (COMs) across a variety of environments. Many of the detected species are expected to form on the icy surface of interstellar grains and transfer later into the gas phase. Therefore, icy material is regarded as a primordial source of complex molecules in the interstellar medium. Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations of interstellar ices in star-forming regions will reveal infrared (IR) features of frozen molecules with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. To identify COM features in the JWST data, laboratory IR spectra of ices for conditions that simulate interstellar environments are needed.
Aims. This work provides laboratory mid-IR spectra of methyl cyanide (CH3CN, also known as acetonitrile) ice in its pure form and mixed with known interstellar molecules at cryogenic temperatures. The spectroscopic data presented in this work will support the interpretation of JWST ice observations and are made available to the community through the Leiden Ice Database for Astrochemistry (LIDA).
Methods. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy is used to record the mid-IR spectra (500–4000 cm−1/20–2.5 µm, with a resolution of 1 cm−1 ) of methyl cyanide (acetonitrile, CH3 CN) mixed with H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2O:CO2, and H2O:CH4:NH3, at temperatures ranging from 15 to 150 K. The refractive index (at 632.8 nm) of pure amorphous CH3CN ice at 15 K and the band strength of selected IR transitions are also measured.
Results. We present a variety of reference mid-IR spectra of frozen CH3CN that can be compared to astronomical ice observations. The peak position and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of six absorption bands of frozen methyl cyanide in its pure form and mixed ices, at temperatures between 15–150 K, are characterized. These bands are the following: the CH3 symmetric stretching at 2940.9 cm−1 (3.400 µm), the CN stretching at 2252.2 cm−1 (4.440 µm), a peak resulting from a combination of different vibrational modes at 1448.3 cm−1 (6.905 µm), the CH3 antisymmetric deformation at 1410 cm−1 (7.092 µm), the CH3 symmetric deformation at 1374.5 cm−1 (7.275 um), and the CH3 rock vibration at 1041.6 cm−1 (9.600 um). Additionally, the apparent band strength of these vibrational modes in mixed ices is derived. The laboratory spectra of CH3CN are compared to observations of interstellar ices toward W33A and three low-mass Young Stellar Objects (YSO). Since an unambiguous identification of solid methyl cyanide toward these objects is not possible, upper limits for the CH3CN column density are determined as ≤2.4 × 1017 molecules cm−2 for W33A and 5.2 × 1016, 1.9 × 1017, and 3.8 × 1016 molecules cm−2 for EC92, IRAS 03235, and L1455 IRS3, respectively. With respect to solid H2O, these values correspond to relative abundances of 1.9, 3.1, 1.3, and 4.1%, for W33A, EC92, IRAS 03235, and L1455 IRS3, respectively.
ALMA-IMF
Authors: Brouillet N. , Despois D. , Molet J. , Nony T. , Motte F. , Gusdorf A. , Louvet F. , Bontemps S. , Herpin F. , Bonfand M. , Csengeri T. , Ginsburg A. , Cunningham N. , Galván-Madrid R. , Maud L. , Busquet G. , Bronfman L. , Fernández-López M. , Jeff D. L. , Lefloch B. , Pouteau Y. , Sanhueza P. , Stutz A. M. , Valeille-Manet M. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Hot cores are signposts of the protostellar activity of dense cores in star-forming regions. W43-MM1 is a young region that is very rich in terms of high-mass star formation, which is highlighted by the presence of large numbers of high-mass cores and outflows.
Aims. We aim to systematically identify the massive cores in W43-MM1 that contain a hot core and compare their molecular composition.
Methods. We used Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) high-spatial resolution (~2500 au) data to identify line-rich protostellar cores and carried out a comparative study of their temperature and molecular composition. Here, the identification of hot cores is based on both the spatial distribution of the complex organic molecules and the contribution of molecular lines relative to the continuum intensity. We rely on the analysis of CH3CN and CH3CCH to estimate the temperatures of the selected cores. Finally, we rescale the spectra of the different hot cores based on their CH3OCHO line intensities to directly compare the detections and line intensities of the other species.
Results. W43-MM1 turns out to be a region that is rich in massive hot cores. It contains at least one less massive (core #11, 2 M⊙) and seven massive (16−100 M⊙) hot cores. The excitation temperature of CH3CN, whose emission is centred on the cores, is of the same order for all of them (120–160 K). There is a factor of up to 30 difference in the intensity of the lines of complex organic molecules (COMs). However the molecular emission of the hot cores appears to be the same or within a factor of 2–3. This suggests that these massive cores, which span about an order of magnitude in core mass, have a similar chemical composition and show similar excitation of most of the COMs. In contrast, CH3CCH emission is found to preferentially trace the envelope, with a temperature ranging from 50 K to 90 K. Lines in core #11 are less optically thick, which makes them proportionally more intense compared to the continuum than lines observed in the more massive hot cores. Core #1, the most massive hot core of W43-MM1, shows a richer line spectrum than the other cores in our sample, in particular in N-bearing molecules and ethylene glycol lines. In core #2, the emission of O-bearing molecules, such as OCS, CH3OCHO, and CH3OH, does not peak at the dust continuum core centre; the blueshifted and redshifted emission corresponds to the outflow lobes, suggesting formation via sublimation of the ice mantles through shocks or UV irradiation on the walls of the cavity. These data establish a benchmark for the study of other massive star-formation regions and hot cores.
Applicability of Mobile Based Electromyography Visual Biofeedback
Training to Improvement of Muscle Activity and Joint Range of Motions of Stroke
Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Won-deuk , Park DongChun , Yang-Jin Lee , Son Il-hyun , Jung Jung-hee , Shin DooChul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Recently, a lot of visual feedback training equipment using the
electromyography in a mobile environment has been developed. These devices are
small, easy to use, and inexpensive. Despite the various advantages of such
equipment, it is still not widely used in the clinical field, and research on it
is lacking.
Objective The purpose of this study is to introduce the mobile-based
electromyography visual feedback training equipment and evaluate the usability
for the muscle activity improvements in stroke patients.
Methods This study was conducted in 12 patient with chronic stroke. To
evaluate the usability of mobile-based electromyography training equipment, this
research compared the immediate effects of the traditional tactile feedback
training and the mobile-based electromyography training on 12 stroke patients.
The MVIC muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, quadriceps femoris and
gluteus maximus as well as the range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion, hip
joint extension and knee joint extension were measured before and after
intervention.
Resutls As a result of this study, the tibialis anterior, quadriceps
femoris, and gluteus maximus muscle activity were all significantly different in
mobile-based electromyography visual feedback training. In the comparison of the
effects on the range of motion, there was a significant difference in
mobile-based electromyography visual feedback training only in the knee
extension.
Conclusions Mobile-based electromyography visual feedback training is
expected to be able to improve muscle activity and range of motion in stroke
patients more effectively than conventional tactile training.