bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural validity of the Eating Disorder Examination—Questionnaire: A systematic review
Authors: Jenkins Paul E. , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim was to perform a systematic literature review of studies investigating the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), a widely used measure of eating pathology. Secondary aims were to summarize the quality of reporting of latent variable (factor) analyses in these studies and review support for different factor solutions.MethodLiterature was identified through Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and ProQuest databases published up to February 23, 2022 and outreach via an international listserv. All studies published in English reporting factor analysis of the EDE‐Q were included with few restrictions. Sixty studies including 63,389 participants met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe originally proposed four‐factor solution received little empirical support, although few alternative models have been robustly evaluated. Items assessing shape and weight concerns frequently coalesce in factor solutions, suggesting that these constructs are closely related. Investigations of brief versions of the EDE‐Q have produced more consistent findings, suggesting that these measures, particularly a seven‐item version, might be useful alternatives to the full version. Quality of studies was reasonable, with important methodological elements of factor analysis often reported.DiscussionThe findings are of relevance to practitioners and researchers, suggesting that the “original” factor structure of the EDE‐Q should be reconsidered and that use of a seven‐item version is to be encouraged.Public SignificanceSelf‐report questionnaires are widely used in the assessment of disordered eating. The current study found that there is little consensus about the structure of a common measure of eating psychopathology. There is more consistent support for a brief, seven‐item, version assessing dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and overvaluation of weight and shape.
Understanding the Role of Surfactants in the Interaction and Hydrolysis of Myoglobin by Zr‐MOF‐808
Authors: Simms Charlotte , Savić Nada D. , De Winter Kimmy , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractControlled protein hydrolysis is an important procedure in proteomics applications and is used to aid the understanding of protein structure and function. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic proteins is particularly challenging, as due to their poor solubility the use of surfactants, which typically inactivate natural enzymes, is often required. Such limitations of natural enzymes prompted the development of chemical catalysts for the selective hydrolysis of proteins. In this study, the nanozymatic potential of MOF‐808, a Zr6O8 based metal organic framework, has been investigated towards protein hydrolysis in the presence of several surfactants which differ in structure and polarity. The influence of ionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), neutral TX‐100 (Triton X‐100) and zwitterionic Zw3‐12 (n‐dodecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate) and CHAPS (3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate) surfactants on the hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin in the presence of MOF‐808 has been examined. The hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin by MOF‐808 was followed using sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), which showed that nanozymatic activity of MOF‐808 can be tuned by using appropriate surfactants. To understand the observed reactivity patterns, the interactions between surfactant, MOF and protein were further investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods, which included Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), 1H NMR, UV‐Vis, Circular Dichroism and UV‐Vis Spectroscopy. While the presence of SDS increased the number of observed peptide fragments due to protein unfolding and increased protein‐MOF interaction, the use of zwitterionic and neutral surfactant reduced the hydrolytic efficiency, most likely by hindering the efficient protein‐MOF interaction.
Assessing the Extent of Environmental Risks From Nickel in European Freshwaters: A Critical Reflection of the European Commission's Current Approach
Authors: Peters Adam , Wilson Iain , Merrington Graham , Schlekat Christian , Middleton Ellie , Garman Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nickel (Ni) has a been a Priority Substance under the European Water Framework Directive since 2008. As such it is deemed to present an European Union-wide risk to surface waters. Since 2013, the Ni Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) has been bioavailability-based, and new European Guidance supports accounting for bioavailability in assessing Ni compliance with the EQS. The European Commission has developed an approach to determine whether Priority Substances present a sufficient European Union-wide risk to justify an ongoing statutory monitoring programme, effectively to deselect a substance. This is a key step to ensure that finite monitoring resources are targeted at delivering environmental benefit, when there is an ever-growing burden of determinands to measure for all regulators. When the European Commission performed this exercise for Ni without accounting for bioavailability, they concluded that Ni should not be deselected, and Ni is an European Union-wide risk. Performing this same exercise with the same methodology, using regulatory monitoring data for over 300 000 samples, from more than 19 000 sites across Europe, and accounting for bioavailability, as detailed in the Directive, &gt;99% of sites comply with the Ni EQS. Nickel shows very low risks for all of the criteria identified by the European Commission that need to be met for deselection. Accounting for bioavailability is key in the assessment of Ni risks in surface waters to deliver ecologically relevant outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1604–1612. © 2022 NiPERA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A study on the effect of symbiotic fermented milk products on human gastrointestinal health: Double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liao Wenyan , Su Miya , Zhang Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have claimed that the consumption of fermented dairy products can improve human gastrointestinal (GI) health. However, the numbers of systematic clinic trials are limited. In this study, a yogurt containing both probiotics and prebiotics was developed and a double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of the product on human gastrointestinal health in three different aspects: (1) the effect on functional constipation (FC) and functional diarrhea (FD); (2) the effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system; and (3) the changes in GI tract microbiota. Participants who suffered FC or FD were randomized into three groups (n = 66 each group): the first group was treated with fermented milk with Lactobacillus plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.5%), the second group was treated with L. plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.0%), and the third group (control group) was treated without probiotics and prebiotics. Half of the participants stopped the treatment after 14 days and the rest of the group continued the trial to the full 28 days. The fecal samples of participants were analyzed regarding their short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and microbiota. A survey on GI tract health was conducted and the Bristol stool scale was recorded. The results showed that the consumption of the symbiotic yogurt for 14 days and 28 days can both improve the digestive system, with the continual consumption of product containing L. plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.5%) for 28 days showing the most significance. The consumption of this product may be used as a potential functional food.
Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio as a predictor of NAFLD in lean and overweight men and women with effect modification by sex
Authors: Cho Yoosun , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Jung Hyun‐Suk , Kim Chan‐won , Oh Hyungseok , Kim Mi Kyung , Sohn Won , Shin Hocheol , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effect of sarcopenic visceral obesity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain. We investigated (a) whether the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SV ratio), as a measure of sarcopenic visceral obesity, is a risk factor for NAFLD; and (b) whether the SV ratio adds to conventional adiposity measures to improve prediction of incident NAFLD. Adults without NAFLD (n = 151,017) were followed up for a median of 3.7 years. Hepatic steatosis was measured using ultrasonography, and liver fibrosis scores were estimated using the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) and the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine sex‐specific adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]). The incremental predictive performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. Multivariable aHRs (95% CIs) for incident NAFLD comparing the lowest versus the highest quintile of SV ratio were 3.77 (3.56–3.99) for men and 11.69 (10.46–13.06) for women (p–interaction by sex < 0.001). For incident NAFLD with intermediate/high FIB‐4, aHRs were 2.83 (2.19–3.64) for men and 7.96 (3.85–16.44) for women (similar results were obtained for NFS). Associations remained significant even after adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and time‐varying covariates. These associations were also more pronounced in nonobese than obese participants (p–interaction < 0.001). The addition of SV ratio to conventional adiposity measures modestly improved risk prediction for incident NAFLD. SV ratio was inversely associated with risk of developing NAFLD, with effect modification by sex and obesity. Conclusion: Low SV ratio is a complementary index to conventional adiposity measures in the evaluation of NAFLD risk.
NAFLD polygenic risk score and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in an East Asian population
Authors: Thomas Claire E. , Diergaarde Brenda , Kuipers Allison L. , Adibi Jennifer J. , Luu Hung N. , Chang Xuling , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Heng Chew‐Kiat , Khor Chiea‐Chuen , Wang Renwei , Jin Aizhen , Koh Woon‐Puay , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is difficult to identify people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who are at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A polygenic risk score (PRS) for hepatic fat (HFC‐PRS) derived from non‐Asians has been reported to be associated with HCC risk in European populations. However, population‐level data of this risk in Asian populations are lacking. Utilizing resources from 24,333 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS), we examined the relationship between the HFC‐PRS and HCC risk. In addition, we constructed and evaluated a NAFLD‐related PRS (NAFLD‐PRS) with HCC risk in the SCHS. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence with both HFC‐PRS and NAFLD‐PRS. The HFC‐PRS and NAFLD‐PRS were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The highest quartiles of both the HFC‐PRS and the NAFLD‐PRS were associated with significantly increased risk of HCC with HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.51, 3.78) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.15, 2.73), respectively, compared with their respective lowest quartile. Conclusion: The PRS for hepatic fat content or NAFLD may be useful for assessing HCC risk in both Asian and European populations. The findings of this and prior studies support a potential causal role of genetically determined NAFLD in HCC development.
Electrical stimulated GLUT4 signalling attenuates critical illness‐associated muscle wasting
Authors: Addinsall Alex B. , Cacciani Nicola , Backéus Anders , Hedström Yvette , Shevchenko Ganna , Bergquist Jonas , Larsson Lars 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness myopathy (CIM) is a debilitating condition characterized by the preferential loss of the motor protein myosin. CIM is a by‐product of critical care, attributed to impaired recovery, long‐term complications, and mortality. CIM pathophysiology is complex, heterogeneous and remains incompletely understood; however, loss of mechanical stimuli contributes to critical illness‐associated muscle atrophy and weakness. Passive mechanical loading and electrical stimulation (ES) therapies augment muscle mass and function. While having beneficial outcomes, the mechanistic underpinning of these therapies is less known. Therefore, here we aimed to assess the mechanism by which chronic supramaximal ES ameliorates CIM in a unique experimental rat model of critical care.MethodsRats were subjected to 8 days of critical care conditions entailing deep sedation, controlled mechanical ventilation, and immobilization with and without direct soleus ES. Muscle size and function were assessed at the single cell level. RNAseq and western blotting were employed to understand the mechanisms driving ES muscle outcomes in CIM.ResultsFollowing 8 days of controlled mechanical ventilation and immobilization, soleus muscle mass, myosin : actin ratio, and single muscle fibre maximum force normalized to cross‐sectional area (CSA; specific force) were reduced by 40–50% (P < 0.0001). ES significantly reduced the loss of soleus muscle fibre CSA and myosin : actin ratio by approximately 30% (P < 0.05) yet failed to effect specific force. RNAseq pathway analysis revealed downregulation of insulin signalling in the soleus muscle following critical care, and GLUT4 trafficking was reduced by 55% leading to an 85% reduction of muscle glycogen content (P < 0.01). ES promoted phosphofructokinase and insulin signalling pathways to control levels (P < 0.05), consistent with the maintenance of GLUT4 translocation and glycogen levels. AMPK, but not AKT, signalling pathway was stimulated following ES, where the downstream target TBC1D4 increased 3 logFC (P = 0.029) and AMPK‐specific P‐TBC1D4 levels were increased approximately two‐fold (P = 0.06). Reduction of muscle protein degradation rather than increased synthesis promoted soleus CSA, as ES reduced E3 ubiquitin proteins, Atrogin‐1 (P = 0.006) and MuRF1 (P = 0.08) by approximately 50%, downstream of AMPK‐FoxO3.ConclusionsES maintained GLUT4 translocation through increased AMPK‐TBC1D4 signalling leading to improved muscle glucose homeostasis. Soleus CSA and myosin content was promoted through reduced protein degradation via AMPK‐FoxO3 E3 ligases, Atrogin‐1 and MuRF1. These results demonstrate chronic supramaximal ES reduces critical care associated muscle wasting, preserved glucose signalling, and reduced muscle protein degradation in CIM.
Bioprocess characterization of virus‐like particle production with the insect cell baculovirus expression system at nanoparticle level
Authors: Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , González‐Domínguez Irene , Strobl Florian , Grabherr Reingard , Striedner Gerald , Lecina Martí , Gòdia Francesc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are a multivalent platform showing great promise for the development of vaccines, gene therapy, diagnostic, and drug delivery approaches. Particularly, HIV‐1 Gag VLPs provide a robust and flexible scaffold for the presentation of a variety of antigens. The insect cell baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is nowadays one of the reference systems to produce these complex nanoparticles, but information about VLP quality, quantity, stability, as well as cell performance is scarce, especially at bioreactor scale. Results. VLPs produced in the reference High Five and Sf9 insect cell lines share similar physicochemical properties, with VLPs produced in Sf9 cells showing lower levels of double stranded DNA and protein contaminants, and a higher degree of VLP assembly. Besides VLPs, other nanoparticle populations are divergently encountered in each cell line. Hi5 supernatants contain a higher load of extracellular vesicles, while Sf9 supernatants exhibit higher concentrations of baculovirus particles. Similar titers are achieved when comparing Gag to Gag‐eGFP VLP production, with the size of most of the nanoparticles produced comprised at the 150–250 nm range. Eventually, Gag VLP production in a 2 L stirred tank bioreactor is successfully demonstrated, validating bioprocess transference to the final product candidate. Conclusions. This work provides two potentially valuable strategies for the production of HIV‐1 Gag VLPs and a detailed analysis of the different nanoparticle populations produced. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison of separation methods for immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles from helminths
Authors: Borup Anne , Boysen Anders T. , Ridolfi Andrea , Brucale Marco , Valle Francesco , Paolini Lucia , Bergese Paolo , Nejsum Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHelminths survive within their host by secreting immunomodulatory compounds, which hold therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. Helminth‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one such component proposed to possess immunomodulatory activities. Due to the recent discovery of helminth EVs, standardised protocols for EV separation are lacking. Excretory/secretory products of the porcine helminth, Ascaris suum, were used to compare three EV separation methods: Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ultracentrifugation (UC) and a combination of the two. Their performance was evaluated by EV yield, sample purity and the ability of EVs to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in vitro. We found that all three separation methods successfully separated helminth EVs with a similar EV yield. Functional studies showed that EVs from all three methods reduced LPS‐induced levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) in a dose‐dependent manner. Overall, the three separation methods showed similar performance, however, the combination of UC+SEC presented with slightly higher purity than either method alone.
Can aeration improve bamboo soil fertility of soil below bamboo and fungal diversity under mulching conditions?
Authors: Qian Zhuangzhuang , Zhuang Shunyao , Gao Jianshuang , Tang Luozhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAeration can alleviate soil hypoxia stress of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo under mulching conditions, but how aeration affects soil properties, soil fungal community structure, and bamboo development is unclear. We studied the responses of soil properties, fungal community structure, bamboo shoots, and rhizome growth to organic mulching (TM), mulching with aeration (TA1 and TA2), and no‐mulching treatments (CK) from a field experiment in March and July, 2019. During the mulching period (March), the aeration improvement treatment (TA2) improved soil O2 content, bamboo shoots yield, and soil nutrient availability significantly when compared with TM. TA2 treatment showed significantly higher relative abundances of the genus Trichoderma and functional group endophyte than TM treatment, which might be conducive to soil nutrient transformation and bamboo growth. The TA2 treatment had higher fungal diversity indices than that of the TA1 treatment, suggesting that optimal aeration conditions enhance soil fungal diversity. The fungal community structure also showed strong temporal dynamics in all treatments. Mantel test results indicated soil O2 is the primary factor driving fungal community structure under mulching conditions, while has no impact on the fungal community in summer; fungal community structure was primarily controlled by soil pH in summer. Structural equation model revealed soil NO3−‐N content was responsible directly for bamboo rhizome growth and shoot yield. Our results indicate short‐term mulching is beneficial to soil nutrients improvement and bamboo yield increase, while rational aeration can further facilitate sustainable plantation development under hypoxic soil conditions.
Effect of preaging temperature on microstructure evolution, mechanical and corrosion behavior of RRA‐treated high‐zinc 7068 alloy
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Chaudhari Gajanan P. , Nath Sumeer K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanical and corrosion behavior of high‐strength, high‐zinc (>7 wt%) containing 7068 aluminum alloy is investigated after employing different retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatments. The effect of preaging conditions on the distribution of copper, zinc, and magnesium, the volume fraction of η′ phase, and the width of precipitate free zones (PFZ) have been investigated. Microstructural and compositional features characterized by scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimetry are correlated with hardness and corrosion performance. The localized attack is manifested in the dissolution of second phase precipitates which occurs from selective leaching of magnesium and aluminum. A combination of two opposite effects, that is, the presence of nobler, high‐copper grain boundary precipitates and microgalvanic effect of PFZ along with the distribution of alloying elements, that is, Cu, Zn, and Mg govern the electrochemical behavior of RRA‐treated 7068 alloy. Optimum preaging and RRA conditions are identified for this high‐zinc 7xxx series alloy.
Janus Nanoparticle Coupled Double‐Network Hydrogel
Authors: Hou Hanyi , Yang Tiantian , Zhao Yanran , Qi Meiyuan , Song Zhining , Xiao Yi , Xu Lai , Qu Xiaozhong , Liang Fuxin , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor double network (DN) hydrogels, their performance can be tuned by adjusting the interaction between their two networks. A novel DN hydrogel toughening approach is proposed by employing Janus nanoparticles (JNs) as crosslinkers to gain a conjoined‐network hydrogel. First, a kind of JNs modified by amino groups and quaternary ammonium salt is synthesized, named R3N+‐JN‐NH2. The DN hydrogel is fabricated based on ionic coordination between calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium alginate (Alg), as well as covalent (benzoic imine) between glycol chitosan (GC) and benzaldehyde‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) (BzCHO−PEO−BzCHO). Based on the same covalent and ionic dynamic crosslinking mechanism, the added R3N+‐JN‐NH2 interacts with two networks to promote crosslinking to form a dually crosslinked structure. The R3N+‐JN‐NH2 effectively provides more energy dissipation, and the hydrogel with conjoined networks shows better compression resistance.
Multibody system transfer matrix method: The past, the present, and the future
Authors: Rui Xiaoting , Zhang Jianshu , Wang Xun , Rong Bao , He Bin , Jin Zhan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe multibody system transfer matrix method (MSTMM), a novel dynamics approach developed during the past three decades, has several advantages compared to conventional dynamics methods. Some of these advantages include avoiding global dynamics equations with a system inertia matrix, utilizing low‐order matrices independent of system degree of freedom, high computational speed, and simplicity of computer implementation. MSTMM has been widely used in computer modeling, simulations, and performance evaluation of approximately 150 different complex mechanical systems. In this paper, the following aspects regarding MSTMM are reviewed: basic theory, algorithms, simulation and design software, and applications. Future research directions and generalization to more applications in various fields of science, technology, and engineering are discussed.