bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management linked to ecological intensification supports pollinator abundance in Iberian wood-pastures
Authors: Pardo Adara , Rolo Víctor , Carrascosa Alejandro , Gonzalez-Bornay Guillermo , Moreno Gerardo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Context
Iberian wood-pastures (dehesas) constitute important habitats for flower-visiting insects, thus supporting the delivery of essential ecosystem services. However, dehesas have been experiencing increasing degradation either by farming intensification or abandonment.
Objectives
We assess if alternative management strategies linked to ecological intensification, designed to maximize productivity in Iberian dehesas, are also favorable for biodiversity, specifically pollinators.
Methods
We carried surveys in nine dehesas located across western and southwestern Spain. Each site comprised five paddocks under different management: conventional grazing, alternative systems linked to ecological intensification (rotational grazing, legume-enriched young and old pastures) and abandonment. We surveyed bees and hoverflies along fixed transects, together with flower cover and botanical composition, and we assessed landscape configuration.
Results
Results showed that rotational grazing, legume-enriched and abandonment enhanced pollinator abundance compared to conventional management, but practices linked to ecological intensification were more beneficial. Flower cover, together with plant diversity and landscape composition, were important drivers of pollinator abundance, richness and diversity. These patterns varied among pollinator groups, e.g., hoverflies were less impacted by management than bees, while being more affected by plant diversity.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that alternative management linked to ecological intensification has potential in low-input farming systems such as Iberian dehesas. These measures can help to maximize productivity, whilst preserving biodiversity and essential ecosystem services such as pollination. Complementary measures, including the preservation or restoration of marginal landscape elements and semi-natural habitats, which ensure abundant feeding and nesting resources, also appear to be crucial for effectively safeguarding pollinating insects in this High Nature Value farming system.
Parasitic strongyle nemabiome communities in wild ruminants in Sweden
Authors: Halvarsson Peter , Baltrušis Paulius , Kjellander Petter , Höglund Johan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Wildlife hosts may serve as reservoirs for strongyles which can be transmitted to domestic livestock. Therefore, we aimed to assess the risk for transmission of important nematode pathogens to domestic sheep in Sweden. The main aim of the study was to assess the risk for transmission of important pathogens from four wildlife hosts to domestic sheep.
Methods
First, fecal samples were collected from roe deer (n = 125), fallow deer (n = 106), red deer (n = 18) and mouflon (n = 13) in south central Sweden during the hunting season in 2019. Second, after fecal examination samples were cultured and the larvae were harvested, followed by DNA extractions. Third, all samples were then barcoded and processed for sequence analysis on the PacBio platform. Finally, bioinformatic sequence analysis was conducted with DADA2, while species diversity and richness as well as interactions between the different hosts were calculated and analyzed in R.
Results
Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in 225 of 262 (86%) samples. In total 31 taxa were identified amongst which 26 (86%) to the species level These were found in different combinations, amongst which 24 (77%) occurred in roe deer, 19 (61%) in fallow deer, 20 (65%) in red deer, and 10 (32%) in mouflon. Only five species are known to be associated with livestock (Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei). However, in the present study the relative abundance and prevalence of most of these species were low. The most striking exception was T. axei which was relatively abundant in all wildlife hosts. In addition, a wide range of wildlife specific nematodes such as Ostertagia leptospicularis and Spiculopteragia spp. were identified including the invasive nematode Spiculopteragia houdemeri which was found for the first time in red deer, fallow deer, and mouflon in Sweden. The difference in the number of shared species between mouflon and all cervids (n = 6) was less than between all three cervids (n = 8).
Conclusion
In contrast to our previous study with sheep, the relative abundance and prevalence of T. axei was generally much higher in wildlife than both H. contortus, and T. circumcincta which were negligible. Although the risk for cross-infections of nematodes between the studied wildlife hosts and sheep in Sweden cannot be ruled out, our findings indicate that the transmission potential appear to be relatively low for H. contortus and T. circumcincta, which are the two most pathogenic species in sheep.
Limitations of Calculating Theoretical Solutions for Closed BCMP Queueing Networks and Verification of Alternative Theoretical Values by Parallel Simulation
Authors: Mizuno Shinya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The global spread of the new coronavirus has caused people to rethink their ideas about waiting. In terms of building design, facilities must consider infection control measures and whether evaluations can be performed using queueing theory. Flexible definitions of queueing networks, such as Baskett, Chandy, Muntz and Palacios (BCMP) queueing networks, must be applied to large-scale models that exist in the real world, to evaluate congestion levels. This study applied a closed BCMP queueing network to a real-world model and examined the limitations of the theoretical solution calculation and the possibility of substituting theoretical values by parallel simulation. Parallel computing was applied to the mean value analysis method. Calculations were performed in a large-scale computing environment, enabling calculations on a much larger scale than with conventional models. The results also showed the computation time and required computing resources for the calculation. Since a larger customer class places a greater burden on computational resources, we conducted simulations on models for which a theoretical solution is required and assessed the accuracy of these simulations to confirm that they are sufficiently accurate as an alternative method to the theoretical solution. We proposed a process to calculate performance evaluation indices such as the average number of people in the system in parallel simulations and confirmed that the performance evaluation indices are sufficiently accurate for models with large customer classes. The study findings contribute to both social practicality and academic significance by making it possible to conduct mathematically supported congestion assessments in real-world models and to propose application scenarios for queueing theory.
NCX1 disturbs calcium homeostasis, and promotes RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by regulating JNK/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway in multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Tingting , Qiu Dongbiao , Chen Qingjiao , Yang Apeng , Chen Junmin , Addresses Zhiyong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although several types of calcium channels abnormalities have been shown to promote myeloma bone disease (MBD), the relationship between Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and MBD remains unexplored. Here, we examined the role of NCX1 in the development of multiple myeloma (MM), with a special focus on the underlying effects involved osteoclast differentiation. Firstly, we detected NCX1 protein was highly expressed in BM tissues of MM patients, and its expression was positively correlated with serum calcium and the percentage of BM CD138+ cells. In vitro, NCX1 suppression with the inhibitor KB-R7943 reduced cell viability of MM cells and caused apoptosis. Extracellular high Ca2+ environment increased the level of intracellular Ca2+ in MM cells through gating the calcium influx, with subsequent promoting the expression of NCX1 and osteoclastogenesis related genes (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and proto-oncogene Fos (c-Fos)). This phenomenon could be reversed by KB-R7943 or calcium chelation. Furthermore, NCX1 overexpression in MM cells accelerated osteoclastogenesis, while NCX1 knockdown or suppression resulted in the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we further investigated the related mechanisms of NCX1 regulating osteoclast differentiation using RNA sequencing, western blotting and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and found that NCX1 modulates osteoclast differentiation in MM though JNK/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the Ca2+/NCX1-mediated signaling participates in the osteoclasts-myeloma cells interactions, which represents a promising target for future therapeutic intervention in MBD.
Expression of Satb2 in adult brain of key non-mammalian vertebrates: insights from evolution
Authors: Lozano Daniel , López Jesús M. , Morona Ruth , Jiménez Sara , Moreno Nerea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Satb2 is a transcription factor with functional and regulatory mechanisms, and post-translational modifications highly conserved in mammals. However, although its distribution has been analyzed in the mouse brain, there are few data in other non-mammal models. Therefore, in the present study we have analyzed the immunolocalization of Satb2 in the brain of adult specimens of different models at key evolutionary points of vertebrate diversification, including representative species of sarcopterygians and actinopterygians. In addition, we used other neuronal markers of highly conserved populations in the vertebrate brain, such as catecholaminergic, serotonergic and Otp populations, involved in the specificity of certain brain areas. The neuroanatomical pattern of Satb2, interpreted according to the current prosomeric model, serves to identify brain regions and compare them among the studied species, and with previous reported data, mainly for amniotes. We identified that Satb2 expressions have similar topologies in the subpallium of models studied, whereas striking differences were found in the pallium between sarcopterygian and actinopterygian vertebrates. Only the turtle showed expression in the dorsal derivatives of the pallium, specifically in the dorsal cortex, only scattered in Xenopus, whereas the lateral derivatives of the pallium expressed Satb2 in sarcopterygians, but not in actinopterygians. In the medial amygdala, or homologous structures, all models expressed Satb2, but only tetrapods also co-expressed Otp, probably originating from the paraventricular hypothalamic region, since only in those models a minor population of Satb2/Otp cells was also detected. In the caudal telencephalon, all models showed significant expression in the preoptic area, including the acroterminal domain of this region, where Satb2-expressing cells were dopaminergic. In the alar hypothalamus, all models showed Satb2 in the subparaventricular area, whereas in the basal hypothalamus only sarcopterygians showed a significant population in the tuberal hypothalamus, doubly labeled with Otp only in lungfish. The diencephalon of sarcopterygians showed Satb2 labeling in the prethalamus, and only turtles and lungfish showed expression in the thalamus. At midbrain levels, the optic tectum housed scattered Satb2 cells exclusively in turtles, while the expression along the rostrocaudal reticular formation and parabrachial nucleus was a conserved feature of sarcopterygians. The neuroanatomical pattern of Satb2 revealed important differences between sarcopterygians and actinopterygians, and these divergences may be related to the distinct functional involvement of Satb2 in the acquisition of various neural phenotypes and in the establishment of connectivity of these cells.
Characterization of reading errors in languages with different orthographic regularity: an Italian-English comparison
Authors: Marinelli Chiara Valeria , Romani Cristina , McGowan Victoria A. , Giustizieri Simona , Zoccolotti Pierluigi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study examined whether a classification of errors based on Hendriks and Kolk’s (1997) proposal would effectively characterize the reading profile of children learning two orthographies varying for regularity, such as Italian and English. The study considered both an age-match and a school-match comparisons. Offline analysis of error production was carried out for two lists of stimuli: List 1 including regular words varying for frequency and matched non-words) and List 2 including low-frequency words varying for regularity. In List 1, Italian made mostly multiple attempts characterized by a slow and progressive approach to the target (sounding-out behavior) while English children showed a prevalence of word substitutions and non-word lexicalizations. As for List 2, Italian children again made more multiple attempts and progressive approach to the target (with more sounding-out behaviors and syllabications), while the English children made more phonological-visual errors, word substitutions, morphological, and semantic errors. Both groups showed a high proportion of phonological-visual and regularization errors (stress assignment in the case of Italian children). Overall, the use of an error coding system specifically tuned to the characteristics of the orthographies investigated allowed a more comprehensive identification of reading difficulties which made emerge more clearly the different strategies used by children of different language in reaching orthographic proficiency (more reliance on the sub-lexical routine in Italian and on lexical routines in English). These results call for more attention to error patterns in the identification of reading difficulties in children of different languages including those learning a transparent orthography where error analyses have largely been ignored.
Exponential and polynomial decay results for a swelling porous elastic system with a single nonlinear variable exponent damping: Theory and numerics
Authors: Soufyane Abdelaziz , Al-Mahdi Adel M. , Al-Gharabli Mohammed M. , Kissami Imad , Zahri Mostafa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider a swelling porous-elastic system with a single nonlinear variable exponent damping. We prove that the system is stable under a natural condition on the parameters of the system and the variable exponent. We obtain exponential and polynomial decay results by using the Multiplier method and these results generalize the existing results in the literature. In addition, we end our paper with some numerical illustrations.AMS Subject Classifications: 93D20; 35B40.
The geographic distribution of pharmacies in Canada
Authors: Grootendorst Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmacists are assuming an increasingly important role in the provision of primary care services. This raises questions about access to pharmacy services among those with medical needs. There is evidence on proximity of residents of Ontario and Nova Scotia to community pharmacies. There is little evidence for the rest of Canada.
Methods
We investigated availability of pharmacist services, both the number of community pharmacies and their hours of operation, at both the provincial and sub-provincial (Forward Sortation Area, FSA) level in Canada. We estimated regression models to assess associations of FSA-level service availability and medical need as measured using the share of residents aged 65 + and median household income.
Results
There are between 2.0 and 3.3 community pharmacies per 10,000 population, depending on the province. There are also provincial variations in the number of hours that pharmacies are open. Quebec pharmacies were open a median of 75 hours a week. In Manitoba, pharmacies were open a median of 53 hours a week. The per capita number of pharmacies and their total hours of operation at the FSA level tend to be higher in less affluent regions and in which the share of residents is aged 65 or older. Provincial differences in pharmacy availability were still evident after controlling for medical need.
Conclusion
Community pharmacies in Canada tend to locate where health needs (as measured using advance age and low income) are greatest. The impact on patient health outcomes of these pharmacy locational patterns remains an area for future research.
Magnetic separation accompanied by the phase transition for the purification of nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Meng Xiangshen , Li Jian , Lin Yueqiang , Liu Xiaodong , Li Decai , He Zhenghong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Free ions are generally unfavorable in liquid crystal (LC) displays, and LC purification technologies are critically important. The colloidal γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have a high ratio of surface to volume, which may adsorb more free ions and are uniform in the LC at room temperature. The precipitation and separation of the doped colloidal γ-Fe2O3 MNPs resulting from the magnetic field accompanied by an isotropic-nematic phase transition are more efficient than in the single case of the phase transition or the magnetic field. The residual ion concentrations have decreased distinctly using the low gradient magnetic field (∇B ~ 2 T/m) with the phase transition. In addition, the higher the concentration of the doped colloidal γ-Fe2O3 MNPs, the lower the concentrations of the residual ions and γ-Fe2O3 MNPs. As a result, the commercial nematic LC can be purified by this approach based on nanotechnology in our study.
Biodistribution of Sotrovimab, a SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody, using PET imaging in cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Aweda Tolulope A , Cheng Shih-Hsun , Lenhard Stephen , Sepp Armin , Skedzielewski Tinamarie , Hsu Chih-Yang , Marshall Shelly , Haag Heather , Kehler Jonathan , Jagdale Prabhas , Peter Alessia , Schmid Michael A , Gehman Andrew , Doan Minh , Mayer Andrew , Gorycki Peter , Fanget Marie , Colas Christophe , Smith Brenda , Maier Cuirtis C , Alsaid Hasan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sotrovimab (VIR-7831), a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody (mAb), binds to a conserved epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). The Fc region of VIR-7831 contains an LS modification to promote neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling and extend its serum half-life. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the LS modification on tissue biodistribution, by comparing VIR-7831 to its non-LS modified equivalent, VIR-7831-WT in cynomolgus monkeys.
Methods
89Zr-based PET/CT imaging of VIR-7831 and VIR-7831-WT was performed up to 14 days post injection. All major organs were analyzed for absolute concentration as well as tissue:blood ratios, with the focus on respiratory tract, and a physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model was used to evaluate the tissue biodistribution kinetics. Radiomics features were also extracted from the PET images and SUV values.
Results
SUVmean uptake in the pulmonary bronchi for 89Zr-VIR-7831 was statistically higher than 89Zr-VIR-7831-WT at Days 6 (3.43 ± 0.55 and 2.59 ± 0.38, respectively), and 10 (2.66 ± 0.32 and 2.15 ± 0.18, respectively), while the reverse was observed in the liver at Days 6 (5.14 ± 0.80 and 8.63 ± 0.89, respectively), 10 (4.52 ± 0.59 and 7.73 ± 0.66, respectively), and 14 (4.95 ± 0.65 and 7.94 ± 0.54, respectively). Though the calculated terminal half-life was 21.3 ± 3.0 days for VIR-7831 and 16.5 ± 1.1 days for VIR-7831-WT, no consistent differences were observed in the tissue:blood ratios between the antibodies except in the liver. While the lung:blood SUVmean uptake ratio for both mAbs was 0.25 on Day 3, the PBPK model predicted the total lung tissue and the interstitial space to serum ratio to be 0.31, 0.55, respectively. Radiomics analysis showed VIR-7831 had mean centralized PET SUV distribution in lung and liver, indicating more uniform uptake than VIR-7831-WT.
Conclusion
The half-life extended VIR-7831 remained in circulation longer than VIR-7831-WT, consistent with enhanced FcRn binding, while the tissue:blood concentration ratios in most tissues for both drugs remained statistically indistinguishable throughout the course of the experiment. In the bronchiolar region, a higher concentration of 89Zr-VIR-7831 was detected. The data also allow unparalleled insight into tissue distribution and elimination kinetics of mAbs that can guide future biologic drug discovery efforts, while the residualizing nature of the 89Zr label sheds light on the sites of antibody catabolism.
Functional traits related to competition for light influence tree diameter increments in a biodiversity manipulation experiment
Authors: Melis Raimondo , Morillas Lourdes , Roales Javier , Costa-Saura Jose Maria , Cascio Mauro Lo , Spano Donatella , Mereu Simone 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding how functional traits and diversity modulate plant interactions within forests is becoming a widespread research goal in ecology. We applied neighbourhood analysis to a Mediterranean biodiversity manipulation experiment (IDENT-Macomer) to assess the importance of functional traits in predicting tree diameter increments (DI) in a mixed forest. We used tree functional traits to weigh the neighbourhood competition index (NCI) and functional dispersion (FDis), which is a functional diversity metric. We found that functional traits affect competitive performance across species within a mixed forest and that resource acquisition is based primarily on trait hierarchy. We also found that traits related to competition for light, such as maximum plant height (Hmax), are the best predictors of DI. Our results reveal that NCI is a more reliable predictor than FDis, but the combination of both effects helps to better explain differences in DI. Finally, our findings show that gathering functional trait data is a practise that should be prioritised in mixed forest management due to the predictive importance of NCI and FDis in experiments with high density and species diversity.