bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging family history in genetic association analyses of binary traits
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Meigs James B. , Liu Ching-Ti , Dupuis Josée , Sarnowski Chloé 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Considering relatives’ health history in logistic regression for case–control genome-wide association studies (CC-GWAS) may provide new information that increases accuracy and power to detect disease associated genetic variants. We conducted simulations and analyzed type 2 diabetes (T2D) data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) to compare two methods, liability threshold model conditional on both case–control status and family history (LT-FH) and Fam-meta, which incorporate family history into CC-GWAS.

Results
In our simulation scenario of trait with modest T2D heritability (h2 = 0.28), variant minor allele frequency ranging from 1% to 50%, and 1% of phenotype variance explained by the genetic variants, Fam-meta had the highest overall power, while both methods incorporating family history were more powerful than CC-GWAS. All three methods had controlled type I error rates, while LT-FH was the most conservative with a lower-than-expected error rate. In addition, we observed a substantial increase in power of the two familial history methods compared to CC-GWAS when the prevalence of the phenotype increased with age. Furthermore, we showed that, when only the phenotypes of more distant relatives were available, Fam-meta still remained more powerful than CC-GWAS, confirming that leveraging disease history of both close and distant relatives can increase power of association analyses. Using FHS data, we confirmed the well-known association of TCF7L2 region with T2D at the genome-wide threshold of P-value < 5 × 10–8, and both familial history methods increased the significance of the region compared to CC-GWAS. We identified two loci at 5q35 (ADAMTS2) and 5q23 (PRR16), not previously reported for T2D using CC-GWAS and Fam-meta; both genes play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, CC-GWAS detected one more significant locus at 13q31 (GPC6) reported associated with T2D-related traits.

Conclusions
Overall, LT-FH and Fam-meta had higher power than CC-GWAS in simulations, especially using phenotypes that were more prevalent in older age groups, and both methods detected known genetic variants with lower P-values in real data application, highlighting the benefits of including family history in genetic association studies.
Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products
Authors: Sivaraman Gopalan Krishnan , Gupta Sobin Sonu , Visnuvinayagam S , Muthulakshmi T , Elangovan Ravikrishnan , Perumal Vivekanandan , Balasubramanium Ganesh , Lodha Tushar , Yadav Amit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompared to the clinical sector, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the food sector is relatively low. However, their presence in seafood is a significant public health concern. In India, fish and fishery products are maximally manually handled compared to other food products. In this study, 498 fish samples were collected under various conditions (fresh, chilled or dressed) and representatives from their surroundings. These samples were screened for the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, determining its antimicrobial resistance, MRSA and genetic profile. It is observed that 15.0% and 3.0% of the total samples were screened positive for S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. The S. aureus strain MRSARF-10 showed higher resistance to linezolid, co-trimoxazole, cefoxitin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin, ampicillin/sulbactam and Piperacillin–tazobactam. This MRSA, spa type t021 and SCCmec type V strain isolated from dried ribbon fish (Family Trachipteridae) carried virulence factors for exoenzymes such as aureolysin, serine, toxin genes and a novel MLST ST 243, as revealed from its draft-genome sequence. This highly pathogenic, multidrug-resistant and virulent S. aureus novel strain is circulating in the environment with chances of spreading among the seafood workers and the environment. It is further suggested that Good Hygienic Practices recommended by World Health Organization need to be followed during the different stages of seafood processing to provide pathogen-free fish and fishery products to the consumers.
Prediction of congenital heart disease for newborns: comparative analysis of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average models
Authors: Xu Weize , Shao Zehua , Lou Hongliang , Qi Jianchuan , Zhu Jihua , Li Die , Shu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To describe the temporal trend of the number of new congenital heart disease (CHD) cases among newborns in Jinhua from 2019 to 2020 and explored an appropriate model to fit and forecast the tendency of CHD.

Methods
Data on CHD from 2019 to 2020 was collected from a health information system. We counted the number of newborns with CHD weekly and separately used the additive Holt-Winters ES method and ARIMA model to fit and predict the number of CHD for newborns in Jinhua. By comparing the mean square error, rooted mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of each approach, we evaluated the effects of different approaches for predicting the number of CHD in newborns.

Results
A total of 1135 newborns, including 601 baby girls and 534 baby boys, were admitted for CHD from HIS in Jinhua during the 2-year study period. The prevalence of CHD among newborns in Jinhua in 2019 was 0.96%. Atrial septal defect was diagnosed the most frequently among all newborns with CHD. The number of CHD cases among newborns remained stable in 2019 and 2020. There were fewer cases in spring and summer, while cases peaked in November and December. The ARIMA(2,1,1) model relatively offered advantages over the additive Holt-winters ES method in predicting the number of newborns with CHD, while the accuracy of ARIMA(2,1,1) was not very ideal.

Conclusions
The diagnosis of CHD is related to many risk factors, therefore, when using temporal models to fit and predict the data, we must consider such factors’ influence and try to incorporate them into the models.
Qualitative longitudinal research in health research: a method study
Authors: Audulv Åsa , Hall Elisabeth O. C. , Kneck Åsa , Westergren Thomas , Fegran Liv , Pedersen Mona Kyndi , Aagaard Hanne , Dam Kristianna Lund , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundQualitative longitudinal research (QLR) comprises qualitative studies, with repeated data collection, that focus on the temporality (e.g., time and change) of a phenomenon. The use of QLR is increasing in health research since many topics within health involve change (e.g., progressive illness, rehabilitation). A method study can provide an insightful understanding of the use, trends and variations within this approach. The aim of this study was to map how QLR articles within the existing health research literature are designed to capture aspects of time and/or change.MethodsThis method study used an adapted scoping review design. Articles were eligible if they were written in English, published between 2017 and 2019, and reported results from qualitative data collected at different time points/time waves with the same sample or in the same setting. Articles were identified using EBSCOhost. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, selection and charting.ResultsA total of 299 articles were included. There was great variation among the articles in the use of methodological traditions, type of data, length of data collection, and components of longitudinal data collection. However, the majority of articles represented large studies and were based on individual interview data. Approximately half of the articles self-identified as QLR studies or as following a QLR design, although slightly less than 20% of them included QLR method literature in their method sections.ConclusionsQLR is often used in large complex studies. Some articles were thoroughly designed to capture time/change throughout the methodology, aim and data collection, while other articles included few elements of QLR. Longitudinal data collection includes several components, such as what entities are followed across time, the tempo of data collection, and to what extent the data collection is preplanned or adapted across time. Therefore, there are several practices and possibilities researchers should consider before starting a QLR project.
A dose-finding design for phase I clinical trials based on Bayesian stochastic approximation
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Dapeng , Mu Rongji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Current dose-finding designs for phase I clinical trials can correctly select the MTD in a range of 30–80% depending on various conditions based on a sample of 30 subjects. However, there is still an unmet need for efficiency and cost saving.

Methods
We propose a novel dose-finding design based on Bayesian stochastic approximation. The design features utilization of dose level information through local adaptive modelling and free assumption of toxicity probabilities and hyper-parameters. It allows a flexible target toxicity rate and varying cohort size. And we extend it to accommodate historical information via prior effective sample size. We compare the proposed design to some commonly used methods in terms of accuracy and safety by simulation.

Results
On average, our design can improve the percentage of correct selection to about 60% when the MTD resides at a early or middle position in the search domain and perform comparably to other competitive methods otherwise. A free online software package is provided to facilitate the application, where a simple decision tree for the design can be pre-printed beforehand.

Conclusion
The paper proposes a novel dose-finding design for phase I clinical trials. Applying the design to future cancer trials can greatly improve the efficiency, consequently save cost and shorten the development period.
RNA interference-mediated silencing of DNA methyltransferase 1 attenuates neuropathic pain by accelerating microglia M2 polarization
Authors: Tan Ying , Wang Zongjiang , Liu Tao , Gao Peng , Xu Shitao , Tan Lei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) exerts imperative functions in neuropathic pain (NP). This study explored the action of RNA interference-mediated DNMT1 silencing in NP by regulating microglial M2 polarization.

Methods
NP rat models were established using chronic constriction injury (CCI) and highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce microglia M1 polarization, followed by treatment of DNMT1 siRNA or si-DNMT1/oe-DNMT1, respectively. The pain threshold of CCI rats was assessed by determining mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). Levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10) and DNMT1 in rat L4-L6 spinal cord samples and HAPI cells were measured using ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. iNOS and Arg-1 mRNA levels were measured via RT-qPCR. DNMT1, M1 marker (iNOS), and M2 marker (Arg-1) levels in microglia of CCI rats were detected by immunofluorescence. Percentages of M1 microglia phenotype (CD16) and M2 microglia phenotype (CD206) were detected by flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins was determined by Western blot.

Results
CCI rats exhibited diminished MWT and TWL values, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, DNMT1 was upregulated in CCI rat microglia. DNMT1 siRNA alleviated CCI-induced NP and facilitated M2 polarization of microglia in CCI rats. DNMT1 knockdown inhibited LPS-induced M1 polarization of HAPI cells and promoted M2 polarization by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway, but DNMT1 overexpression inhibited the M1-to-M2 polarization of microglia.

Conclusion
RNA interference-mediated DNMT1 silencing accelerates microglia M2 polarization by impeding the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby alleviating CCI-induced NP.
Stillbirths in Cameroon: an analysis of the 1998–2011 demographic and health surveys
Authors: Amani Adidja , Nansseu Jobert Richie , Ndeffo Guy Ferdinand , Njoh Andreas Ateke , Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo , Libite Paul Roger , Ateba Athanase A. , Ngo Bama Solange , Baye Martina Lukong , Nguefack-Tsague Georges , Enow Mbu Robinson 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Many countries, including Cameroon, have found it challenging to estimate stillbirths, as there are limited available reports accurately. This analysis aimed to assess stillbirth rates and identify risk factors for stillbirth in Cameroon using successive Demographic and Health Survey data.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data collected during the Demographic and Health Surveys of 1998, 2004, and 2011. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with stillbirth through odds ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results were considered statistically significant at p-value less than 0.05.

Results
The crude stillbirth rate was 21.4 per 1,000 births in 2004 and 24 per 1,000 births in 2011, with respective standard errors of 1.8 and 1.3. The stillbirth rate increased with the mother's age (p < 0.001). The stillbirth rate reduction was prolonged between 1998 and 2011, with an annual reduction rate of 1.6%. The study observed that residing in rural areas, low socioeconomic status, and low level of education were risk factors associated with stillbirths.

Conclusion
Cameroon's stillbirth rate remains very high, with a slow reduction rate over the last 20 years. Although some efforts are ongoing, there is still a long way forward to bend the curve for stillbirths in Cameroon; supplementary strategies must be designed and implemented, especially among rural women, the poor, and the less educated.
An examination of the association between marital status and prenatal mental disorders using linked health administrative data
Authors: Bedaso Asres , Adams Jon , Peng Wenbo , Xu Fenglian , Sibbritt David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
International research shows marital status impacts the mental health of pregnant women, with prenatal depression and anxiety being higher among non-partnered women. However, there have been few studies examining the relationship between marital status and prenatal mental disorders among Australian women.

Methods
This is a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked data from the New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection (PDC) and Admitted Patients Data Collection (APDC). The cohort consists of a total of 598,599 pregnant women with 865,349 admissions. Identification of pregnant women for mental disorders was conducted using the 10th version International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between marital status and prenatal mental disorder after adjusting for confounders.

Results
Of the included pregnant women, 241 (0.04%), 107 (0.02%) and 4359 (0.5%) were diagnosed with depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and self-harm, respectively. Non-partnered pregnant women had a higher likelihood of depressive disorder (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.75; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.70) and anxiety disorder (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.03, 4.91), compared with partnered women. Furthermore, the likelihood of experiencing self-harm was two times higher among non-partnered pregnant women (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.20) than partnered pregnant women.

Conclusions
Non-partnered marital status has a significant positive association with prenatal depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and self-harm. This suggests it would be highly beneficial for maternal health care professionals to screen non-partnered pregnant women for prenatal mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and self-harm.
The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages
Authors: Sun Xiaowen , Liu Zhanglin , Sun Shengshu , Zhao Shaozhen , Zhang Xiaomin , Huang Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the associations between Demodex infestation and the ocular surface characteristics of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in different age groups, to further understand the effect of Demodex on MGD.

Methods
A total of 202 consecutive MGD patients aged 18 to 70 years were randomly recruited. All patients were divided into two groups based on their age: young patients (18–40 years) and elderly patients (41–70 years). The main observations were the different relationship between Demodex infestation and ocular surface and meibomian gland (MG) parameters in two age groups. We also compared ocular surface and MG parameters between the young and the elderly groups. Demodex infestation was diagnosed based on expert consensus in China.

Results
Our results indicated significant differences among young Demodex-positive, suspicious-positive, and negative patients in MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.000), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), and meibum quality (P = 0.000). In elderly patients, there were significant differences among the Demodex-positive, suspicious-positive, and negative groups in terms of ocular surface disease index (OSDI) (P = 0.037), fluorescein tear film break-up time (FBUT) (P = 0.002), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) (P = 0.036), MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.008), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), and MG expression (P = 0.037). The mean number of mites in elderly Demodex-positive patients (10.64 ± 7.50) was greater than that of in young patients (7.60 ± 4.71) (P = 0.014). MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.006), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), MG expression(P = 0.001), and meibum quality (P = 0.032) were more severe in elderly Demodex-positive patients. Additionally, FBUT (P = 0.005) was lower and tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) (P = 0.001) was higher in the elderly.

Conclusion
The effect of Demodex infestation on the ocular surface and MG parameters of MGD was different in patients of different ages. It is necessary to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of Demodex infestation in MGD.
On the effectiveness of COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns: Pan metron ariston
Authors: Spiliopoulos Leonidas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Early evaluations of the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) mandates were constrained by the lack of empirical data, thereby also limiting model sophistication (e.g., models did not take into account the endogeneity of key variables).

Methods
Observational analysis using a behavioral four-equation structural model that accounts for the endogeneity of many variables and correlated unobservable country characteristics. The dataset includes information from 132 countries from February 15, 2020, to April 14, 2021, with data on confirmed cases and deaths, mobility, vaccination and testing rates, and NPI stringency. The main outcomes of interest are the growth rates of confirmed cases and deaths.

Results
There were strongly decreasing returns to more stringent NPI mandates. No additional impact was found for NPI mandates beyond a Stringency Index range of 51–60 for cases and 41–50 for deaths. A nonrestrictive policy of extensive and open testing constituted 51% [27% to 76%] of the impact on pandemic dynamics of the optimal NPIs. Reductions in mobility were found to increase, not decrease, both case $$\left( -0.0417,\left[ -0.0578,-0.0256\right] ,p<0.001\right)$$

-
0.0417
,

-
0.0578
,
-
0.0256

,
p
<
0.001

and death growth rates $$\left( -0.0162,\left[ -0.03,-0.002\right] ,p=0.025\right)$$

-
0.0162
,

-
0.03
,
-
0.002

,
p
=
0.025

. More stringent restrictions on gatherings and international movement were found to be effective. Governments conditioned policy choices on recent pandemic dynamics, and were found to be more hesitant in de-escalating NPIs than they were in imposing them.

Conclusion
At least 90% of the maximum effectiveness of NPI mandates is attainable with interventions associated with a Stringency Index in the range of 31–40, which impose minimal negative social externalities. This was significantly less than the average stringency level of implemented policies around the world during the same time period.
Development and psychometric properties of a tool to assess Media Health Literacy (MeHLit)
Authors: Nazarnia Mahsa , Zarei Fatemeh , Rozbahani Nasrin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Media play an important role in shaping and changing the attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors of their audiences regarding health issues. Therefore, there is a need to explore and identify media health literacy concepts and domains.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study to design and psychometry an instrument to assess Media Health Literacy (MeHLit) from June to Septemper 2021. Relevant literature was reviewed to identify an item pool, and an expert panel was convened to choose items that might be included in the scale. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative),content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 213 adults. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
The content validity and reliability were demonstrated by CVR = 0.87 and CVI = 0.93, Cronbach’s α = 0.91. Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors including “Goal appraisal skill”; “Content appraisal skill” “Implicit message appraisal skill”; “Visual Comprehension skill”; “Audience appraisal skill”; which explained 60.25 of the variance.

Conclusion
MeHLit is a valid and reliable questionnaire, with 21-item and 5 domains to assess media health literacy. To replicate the results obtained here, this measurement should be translated and maintained in other settings.