bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Reporting Method Used for Safety Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Paracetamol Products, Based on Assessment of Data from Periodic Reports
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Egorova E. A. , Krasheninnikov A. E. , Konyaeva E. I. 
Published: April 2022

High rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as their irrational and uncontrolled use for self-medication require continuous updating of information on safety profiles of these products.The aim of the study was to assess the reporting rate, frequency, and severity of ADRs to NSAIDs and paracetamol products, based on data from periodic safety update reports (PSURs) submitted to the autonomous non-profit organisation “National Pharmacovigilance Research Centre”.Materials and methods: the study covered 104 PSURs for NSAIDs and paracetamol products. Consumption levels were calculated in patient days (PTDs) and patient years (PTYs) for each international nonproprietary name (INN). The authors also analysed clinical manifestations and severity of ADRs.Results: the total number of PTDs and PTYs for all NSAIDs and paracetamol products, including combination medicines, was 1 963 750 485 PTDs or 5 380 138.3 PTYs, respectively. The PSURs reported 459 ADRs, of which 304 (66.2%) were serious ADRs (SADRs). The comparative analysis of ADR frequencies, expressed as the “ADR/PTY” ratio, for individual products, helped to identify INNs with the highest reporting rates.Conclusions: high ADR/PTY and SADR/PTY values indicating better ADR reporting for some INNs, were observed for piroxicam, paracetamol, dexketoprofen, and ketoprofen, while the lowest values were observed for the “acetyl salicylic acid+caffeine+paracetamol” combination, acetylsalicylic acid, and phenylbutazone. Thus, the comparison of ADR/PTY and SADR/PTY ratios can be recommended as an inclusive approach both for analysis of reporting trends for individual products and for comparison of reporting rates of different medicinal products.
Elenchos in Plato’s Sophist
Authors: Jeng I-Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the terms ‘elenchos’ and ‘elenchō’ as they occur in the Sophist in order to reveal a refined view of elenchos as a philosophical method. The explicit discussion of elenchos as a method in 226a6–231b8 must be read together with other passages described by these terms. Once this is done, it shall be seen that there are two types of elenchus employed in several ways. The first type, which I identify with the familiar Socratic elenchus, is used to purge false opinions or to arrive at plausible answers to philosophical difficulties. The second type, which appears to be the Stranger’s own method, is used to positively disclose relations between Forms. On this reading, elenchos is not merely destructive or preparatory for dialectic; it also forms a part of it.
The model of saving the mental health of the adolescent population in the city of Kirov
Authors: Zlokazova M V , Semakina N V 
Published: April 2022

Mental health and mental well-being of the population are the most important prerequisites for a good quality of life. A special position in the healthcare of the Russian Federation is occupied by the protection of the health of the younger generation, therefore, in the implementation of national projects, much attention is paid to the development of infrastructure for providing multiprofessional medical care to children and the prevention of mental and somatic diseases.Purpose. Description of the model of saving the mental health of the adolescent population, implemented in the city of Kirov (model). The presented materials reflect the advantages and novelty of the model organized with the involvement of the resources of related departments for the implementation of psychological education and continuous prevention with a risk group in schools, routing of persons with prenosological have shown the effectiveness of diagnostics using psycho-diagnostic screening to identify RISK GROUPS and PHENOMENOLOGICAL MENTAL STATES for further preventive work and medical and psychological assistance aimed at preventing the development of clinically pronounced MENTAL DISORDERS with impaired social adaptation.A detailed description of the stages of the model is presented, in which emphasis is placed on preventive work with the risk group in general education schools and medical, psychological and social care for persons with prenosological conditions in pediatric medical institutions, which reduces stigmatizing aspects and increases accessibility.Step-by-step implementation of measures involving administrative and human resources of departments providing preventive care and medical and psychosocial assistance to adolescents allows you to model and adapt the structure without attracting additional economic costs, which shows the versatility and functionality of the model.
Neuropsychological diagnosis in the acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Tynterova A M , Perepelitsa S A , Skalin Yu E , Reverchuk I V , Tikhonova O A , Grishina AA A A 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study — to establish the severity of cognitive, psychoemotional, motivational and behavioral disorders in patients after acute period of ischemic stroke.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Depending on severity of neurological deficit according to the national stroke scale (NIHSS), patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 30 patients with an NIHSS score of 0 to 8, associated with mild neurological deficit, group 2 — 30 patients with an NIHSS score of 9 to 15, associated with moderate neurological deficits. The study was conducted on the 7th day of treatment and included: assessment of the cognitive status according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale; assessment of the level of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization using the Four Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire; assessment of mental and physical asthenia according to the MFI-20 scale, level of self-control using the Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale and assessment of the personality and the familial unconscious in Szondi’s test. Results. The study established the prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in patients with moderate neurological deficits. Patients with mild neurological deficits are characterized by a moderate level of somatization, mental and physical asthenia, a low level of self-control in relation to health, low adherence to treatment and poor motivation to recover.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need inclusion of assessment of psychoemotional factors and personal resources of the patient in relation to illness and recovery in early diagnosis of patients with stroke. Along with neurological deficits, it is necessary to assess the cognitive, emotional and motivational levels of the “internal picture of the disease”. This can help determine the patient’s basic compensatory and adaptive capabilities and develop individual rehabilitation strategies.
Looking to the Future of FA: The Product Analysis Forum
Authors: Clark Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Product Analysis Forum (PAF), sponsored by the Quality Council of SEMATECH, has been chartered to facilitate the ongoing development of tools and techniques for semiconductor characterization and failure analysis. Drawing on input from industry experts, universities, and national laboratories, the PAF has identified critical needs in three areas: software fault isolation, backside fault isolation, and deprocessing & inspection. This article discusses the current state of deprocessing and inspection technology and provides insights into how some of the future challenges will be addressed.
Modern Problems of the Development of Russian Higher Education as a Practice-Oriented Professional Education
Authors: Kiselev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich 
Published: April 2022

The following paper analyzes the Russian system of education. Modern practice in the development of higher professional education shows that today's graduates of Russian universities for the most part are not prepared for real practical work in organizations as professionals. Undoubtedly, the time and changing conditions for the implementation of the activities of Russian universities over the past three decades have changed significantly. However, the training of modern professionals in the new conditions was based not on the domestic experience of universities, but on foreign approaches to two-level higher education – the training of graduates of Russian universities as bachelors and masters. But at the same time, Russian researchers and officials do not have a clear understanding of the difference in the level of professional training of students, both bachelors and masters. And the declared new “competence-based approach”, when it is proposed to form students with rather “vague” competencies, presented in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education 3++, does not allow employers to see the professionals they need in a modern university graduate. And the fact that the modern West does not recognize the diplomas of graduates of Russian universities indicates that today it is necessary to implement a policy of import substitution in higher education, and, based on domestic experience in training graduates of Russian universities as specialists-engineers, to prepare them for real practical work in Russian organizations.
Categories of Aspect and Mood in Old English
Authors: Selezneva Olga Nikolaevna 
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the categories of aspect and mood in the Old English language. The category of aspect’s formation, which performed the primary grammatical function in Old English, must be considered together with temporal oppositions’ development, since Old English forms simultaneously transmitted aspectual information. As for the Old English mood, the optative one with the verbs sculan/willan is of particular interest, because its development went along several directions with the transformation into modern constructions shall/will + infinitive, should/would + infinitive.
ASEAN’s “actorness” and “effectiveness” regarding the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rollet Vincent 
Published: April 2022

English Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new significant test for the role of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in regional health governance in Southeast Asia. Assessing ASEAN’s role during the pandemic through the concepts of “actorness” and “effectiveness,” the article argues that while ASEAN displayed all the attributes of actorness during the COVID-19 pandemic when it comes to its effectiveness, the capacity of the regional institution to reach the objectives it committed to has been rather limited. Explaining the reasons for such “effectiveness–expectation gap” and, considering the last policy development in the region related to regional health coordination, the article identifies several conditions for ASEAN to strengthen its capacity to act effectively on regional health cooperation, and to contribute to the strengthening of a regional health response to a possible future epidemic threat.Spanish Abstract:
El COVID-19 representa una nueva e importante prueba para el papel de la ASEAN en la gobernanza sanitaria regional. Al evaluar su papel durante la pandemia a través de los conceptos de “actuación” y “eficacia”, el artículo sostiene que, si bien la ASEAN mostró todos los atributos de actoría durante la pandemia, en lo que respecta a su eficacia, su capacidad para alcanzar los objetivos a los que se comprometió ha sido limitada. Explicando las razones de esa “brecha entre eficacia y expectativas” y considerando el último desarrollo de políticas de coordinación sanitaria regional, el artículo identificó varios prerrequisitos como ineludibles en su búsqueda por reforzar la eficacia para garantizar la cooperación sanitaria regional en el Sudeste Asiático y mejorar la respuesta regional ante una próxima amenaza sanitaria.French Abstract:
La pandémie de COVID-19 représente un test significatif pour apprécier le rôle de l’Association des nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) au sein de la gouvernance sanitaire régionale en Asie du Sud-Est. En évaluant le rôle de l’ASEAN pendant cette pandémie à travers les concepts d’actorness (capacité à agir) et d’effectiveness (efficacité), cet article montre que si l’ASEAN a exprimé sa capacité à agir pendant cette crise sanitaire, son efficacité, i.e son aptitude à atteindre les objectifs qu’elle s’est fixés, a été plutôt limitée. Les raisons d’un tel écart entre efficacité et attentes (effectiveness-expectations gap) sont expliquées dans l’article qui identifie plusieurs conditions pour que l’ASEAN contribue efficacement au renforcement d’une réponse sanitaire régionale indispensable face à une éventuelle prochaine menace épidémique.
Doctos y legos
Authors: Pacheco Soriano Ana Laura , Dor Ariane , Ramos Muñoz Dora Elia 
Published: April 2022

English Abstract:
Our objective is to describe how a group of scientists (doctos) and people of the coast of Chiapas (legos) perceive the Sterile Insect Technique and to analyze how knowledge is socially constructed around it. During 2017 and 2018, with qualitative techniques, we analyzed the social dialogue in the discourses of interactions during workshops, meetings with different age groups, meeting with municipal and local authorities between two ejidos inhabitants, public services people, students and technicians of a biofactory. We describe a bricolage where common references help bring different ontologies, but legos and doctos face a future in which mosquitoes and nature impose challenges that only together they can solve. Here, we document the Sterile Insect Technique sociocultural complexity, and we propose cultural translation exercises for the integral management of mosquito vectors of diseases.Spanish Abstract:
El presente trabajo describe la manera en la que un grupo de científicos (doctos) y pobladores (legos) de la costa de Chiapas, México perciben la Técnica del Insecto Estéril (TIE). A partir de una metodología cualitativa, analizamos la construcción social del conocimiento sobre la TIE a través del tiempo. En 2017 y 2018 realizamos en dos ejidos rurales, el análisis del registro de talleres y pláticas entre científicos, diferentes grupos de la sociedad, personal de instituciones de salud, y técnicos de una Biofábrica en Tapachula, Chiapas. A partir de un diálogo social describimos las referencias comunes que acercan las ontologías de doctos y legos. Ambos grupos se enfrentan a los mosquitos y la naturaleza, un reto que solo juntos podrán resolver. Documentamos la complejidad sociocultural de la TIE y proponemos ejercicios de traducción cultural para proyectos que busquen incidir en enfermedades zoonóticas.French Abstract:
Notre objectif a été de décrire la façon dont un groupe de scientifiques (érudits) et d’habitants (laïcs) de la côte du Chiapas (Mexique) perçoivent la Technique de l’insecte stérile (TIS) et d’analyser comment ces connaissances sont socialement construites. Au cours des années 2017 et 2018, nous avons étudié, au moyen de techniques qualitatives, le dialogue social en enregistrant les interactions entre érudits et laïcs durant des ateliers et des discussions avec les autorités locales et municipales impliquant différents groupes d’âge, dans deux villages (ejidos) près de Tapachula (Etat du Chiapas). Nous décrivons un bricolage dans lequel des références communes aident à rapprocher différentes ontologies, mais les érudits et les laïcs sont confrontés à un avenir dans lequel les moustiques et la nature leur imposent des défi s qu’ils ne peuvent résoudre qu’ensemble. Nous contribuons à documenter la complexité socioculturelle de la TIS et proposons des exercices de traduction culturelle pour des projets qui cherchent à influencer les zoonoses.
Preservation of language function by mapping the arcuate fasciculus using intraoperative corticocortical evoked potential under general anesthesia in glioma surgery
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Kim Sung-Min , Kang Ho , Ji So Young , Dho Yun-Sik , Choi Young-Doo , Kwak Gil Ho , Kim Bo Eun , Oh Hyongmin , Park Hee-Pyoung , Kang Koung Mi , Choi Seung Hong , Kwon Young Nam , Lee Soon-Tae , Seo Han Gil , Park Chul-Kee 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
Intraoperative language mapping under general anesthesia is imperative for brain tumor surgery because awake surgery is not always feasible. Monitoring corticocortical evoked potential (CCEP) is known to be a useful method for tracking neuronal connectivity and localizing functional areas. The authors evaluated the clinical benefit of intraoperative CCEP monitoring for language function preservation in patients undergoing glioma surgery.

METHODS
Between January 2019 and June 2021, the authors performed a total of 29 consecutive glioma surgeries using CCEP monitoring under general anesthesia because of a risk of speech impairment; these were analyzed. Language area mapping was implemented by the anterior language area to posterior language area CCEP method for arcuate fasciculus mapping, and tumor resection was performed while avoiding the localized language areas. Language function before and after surgery was evaluated by the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT).

RESULTS
Intraoperative CCEP was successfully monitored in 25 patients (86.2%), and a valid signal was undetectable in the other 4 patients. Language function evaluation was possible before and after surgery in a total of 20 patients. Overall, the preservation rate of language function was 65.0%, and the deterioration rate was 35.0% after tumor resection with CCEP monitoring. Among those 8 patients with preoperative COWAT scores ≥ 18, 5 patients (62.5%) successfully preserved their language function, with COWAT scores > 18 after tumor resection. Among the 12 patients with preoperative deteriorated language function (COWAT score < 18), 8 patients (66.7%) showed improvement or preserved language function after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative CCEP monitoring of the arcuate fasciculus is an acceptable technology for the preservation of language function under general anesthesia in glioma surgery in patients in whom awake surgery is not feasible.
Evaluating the predictive value of comorbidity indices in pituitary surgery: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Brown Nolan J. , Nasrollahi Tasha S. , Strickland Ben A. , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Ruzevick Jacob J. , Bove Ilaria , Lee Ariel , Emeh Ugochi A. , Carmichael John D. , Zada Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
Although pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumors, literature evaluating the utility of comorbidity indices for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary surgery remains limited, thereby hindering the development of complex models that aim to identify high-risk patient populations. We utilized comparative modeling strategies to evaluate the predictive validity of various comorbidity indices and combinations thereof in predicting key pituitary surgery outcomes.

METHODS
The Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to identify patients who underwent pituitary tumor operations (n = 19,653) in 2016–2017. Patient frailty was assessed using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) System. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) were calculated for each patient. Five sets of generalized linear mixed-effects models were developed, using as the primary predictors 1) frailty, 2) CCI, 3) ECI, 4) frailty + CCI, or 5) frailty + ECI. Complications of interest investigated included inpatient mortality, nonroutine discharge (e.g., to locations other than home), length of stay (LOS) within the top quartile (Q1), cost within Q1, and 1-year readmission rates.

RESULTS
Postoperative mortality occurred in 73 patients (0.4%), 1-year readmission was reported in 2994 patients (15.2%), and nonroutine discharge occurred in 2176 patients (11.1%). The mean adjusted all-payer cost for the procedure was USD $25,553.85 ± $26,518.91 (Q1 $28,261.20), and the mean LOS was 4.8 ± 7.4 days (Q1 5.0 days). The model using frailty + ECI as the primary predictor consistently outperformed other models, with statistically significant p values as determined by comparing areas under the curve (AUCs) for most complications. For prediction of mortality, however, the frailty + ECI model (AUC 0.831) was not better than the ECI model alone (AUC 0.831; p = 0.95). For prediction of readmission, the frailty + ECI model (AUC 0.617) was not better than the frailty model alone (AUC 0.606; p = 0.10) or the frailty + CCI model (AUC 0.610; p = 0.29).

CONCLUSIONS
This investigation is to the authors’ knowledge the first to implement mixed-effects modeling to study the utility of common comorbidity indices in a large, nationwide cohort of patients undergoing pituitary surgery. Knowledge gained from these models may help neurosurgeons identify high-risk patients who require additional clinical attention or resource utilization prior to surgical planning.
Resection of disseminated recurrent myxopapillary ependymoma with more than 4-year follow-up: operative nuance for prolonged prone position. Illustrative case
Authors: Johnson Reid A. , Cramer Samuel W. , Dusenbery Kathryn , Samadani Uzma 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Symptomatic disseminated myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) in a young person presents a daunting challenge because the risks of prolonged prone positioning and spinal cord injury may outweigh the likelihood of attaining the benefit of gross total resection.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported the case of a 15-year-old girl with five discrete recurrent spinal cord ependymomas. The patient received a 25-hour surgical procedure for gross total resection of the tumors and fusion over an approximately 33-hour period. She experienced complete resolution of all preoperative neurological symptoms and subsequently received adjuvant radiation therapy. At 52 months after surgery, she was still experiencing neurologically intact, progression-free survival. This case illustrated one of the most extensive recurrent tumor resections for MPE with prolonged disease-free survival reported to date. It may also represent the longest prone position spinal case reported and was notable for a lack of any of the complications commonly associated with the prolonged prone position.

LESSONS
The authors discussed the complexity of surgical decision-making in a symptomatic patient with multiple disseminated metastases, technical considerations for resection of intradural and intramedullary spinal cord tumors, and considerations for avoiding complications during prolonged positioning necessary for spinal surgery.