bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about hypertension and associated factors among patients with hypertension in public health facilities of Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: Ordinal logistic regression analysis
Authors: Wolde Maereg , Azale Telake , Debalkie Demissie Getu , Addis Banchilay 
Published: June 2022

Background
Hypertension is a disease that imposes risks of diseases on multi-system. Failure to control hypertension leads patients to end up with unavoidable complications, including death. Noncompliance to treatment is the main factor to develop such devastating complications whereas knowledge of patients about their disease is a key factor for better compliance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the level of knowledge about hypertension and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities of Gondar city.

Methods
Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2019 in Gondar town. A systematic sampling technique was applied to select a total of 389 patients. A structured interview questionnaire was used to gather the data. The data were analyzed using STATA version 14. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed at P < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval to identify statistically significant variables.

Results
A total of 385 respondents participated giving a response rate of 98.9%. The majority (55.3%) of the patients had a low level of, 17.9% had a moderate level of knowledge whereas 26.8% had a high level of knowledge about hypertension. Those working in government organizations had 5.5 times higher odds of having a high level of knowledge than other groups (AOR = 5.5; 95%CI = 1.21, 25). Patients who received longer than four years of treatment showed twice larger odds of knowledge than those with below two years of treatment (AOR = 2; 95%CI = 1.29, 3.22) Moreover, patients residing proximate to the hospital increases the odds of having a higher level of knowledge by 1.64 times versus patients living far away from the hospital (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07–2.63).

Conclusions
This finding revealed that knowledge about hypertension and risk factors among patients with hypertension was low. Employment in governmental organizations, longer duration of treatment, and residential proximity to hospitals/ health centers were statistically significant predictors of the participants’ knowledge about hypertension. Therefore, it is important to give health education to patients working in non-governmental organizations and self-employed individuals about diseases and risk factors. In addition, emphasis should be given to patients receiving less than two years of treatment and coming from remote areas to improve their knowledge of the disease.
Economic costs of severe seasonal influenza in Colombia, 2017–2019: A multi-center analysis
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Liliana , Malo-Sánchez Diana , Díaz-Jiménez Diana , García-Velásquez Ingrid , Pulido Paola , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To estimate the economic burden of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in lab-confirmed influenza patients from a low-income country setting such as Colombia.

Methods
A bottom-up costing analysis, from both third payer and social perspectives, was conducted. Direct costs of care were based on the review of 227 clinical records of lab-confirmed influenza inpatients in six facilities from three main Colombian cities. Resources were categorized as: length of stay (LOS), diagnostic and laboratory tests, medications, consultation, procedures, and supplies. A survey was designed to estimate out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) and indirect costs covered by patients and their families. Cost per patient was estimated with the frequency of use and prices of activities, calculating median and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with bootstrapping. Total costs are expressed as the sum of direct medical costs, OOPE and indirect costs in 2018 US dollars.

Results
The media direct medical cost per SARI lab-confirmed influenza patient was US$ 700 (95% CI US$ 552–809). Diagnostic and laboratory tests correspond to the highest cost per patient (37%). Median OOPE and indirect costs per patient was US$ 147 (95% CI US$ 94–202), with the highest costs for caregiver expenses (27%). Total costs were US$ 848 (95% CI US$ 646–1,011), OOPE and indirect costs corresponded to 17.4% of the total. The median of direct medical costs per patient was three times higher in elderly patients.

Conclusion
SARI influenza costs impose a high economic burden on patients and their families. The results highlight the importance of strengthening preventive strategies nationwide in the age groups with higher occurrence and incurred health costs.
Risk factors for Fontan-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kogiso Tomomi , Sagawa Takaomi , Taniai Makiko , Shimada Eriko , Inai Kei , Shinohara Tokuko , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: June 2022

Aims
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Fontan-associated liver disease (i.e., FALD-HCC) has increased over time. However, the risk factors for HCC development remain unclear. Here, we compared the levels of non-invasive markers to the survival rate of FALD-HCC patients.

Methods
From 2003 to 2021, 154 patients (66 men, 42.9%) developed liver disease after undergoing Fontan procedures. HCC was diagnosed in 15 (9.7%) (8 men, 53.3%) at a median age of 34 years (range, 21–45 years). We compared FALD-HCC and non-HCC cases; we generated marker level cutoffs using receiver operating characteristic curves. We sought to identify risk factors for HCC and mortality.

Results
The incidence of HCC was 4.9% in FALD patients within 20 years after the Fontan procedure. Compared with non-HCC patients, FALD-HCC patients exhibited higher incidences of polysplenia and esophageal varices. At the time of HCC development, the hyaluronic acid (HA) level (p = 0.04) and the fibrosis-4 index (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in FALD-HCC patients than in non-HCC patients; the total bilirubin (T-BIL) level (p = 0.07) and the model for end-stage liver disease score [excluding the international normalized ratio (MELD-XI)] (p = 0.06) tended to be higher in FALD-HCC patients. Within approximately 20 years of the Fontan procedure, 10 patients died (survival rate, 96.9%). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated that patients with T-BIL levels ≥ 2.2 mg/dL, HA levels ≥ 55.5 ng/mL, and MELD-XI scores ≥ 18.7 were at high risk of HCC, a generally poor prognosis, and both polysplenia and esophageal varices. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the complication of polysplenia [Hazard ratio (HR): 10.915] and a higher MELD-XI score (HR: 1.148, both p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for FALD-HCC.

Conclusions
The complication of polysplenia and a MELD-XI score may predict HCC development and mortality in FALD patients.
Analisis Kadar pH dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam dengan Metode Vakum dan Non-vakum
Authors: Silvia Deli , Yusuf Muhammad Rifqy , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain 
Published: June 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh jenis material kemasan vakum dan non-vakum terhadap kualitas kadar pH, dan organoleptik daging ayam broiler pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui berapa hari masa simpan, kualitas daging, dan efisiensi penggunaan bahan dan metode kemasan dalam pengemasan daging ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat khususnya pedagang atau UMKM daging ayam potong mengenai jenis bahan pengemasan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu daging ayam potong yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan dua faktorial bahan pengemasan yaitu Polietilen (PE) dan Nylon dengan dua metode vakum dan non-vakum dengan dua kali pengulangan dalam penyimpanan di suhu dingin (±4oC) selama 8 hari. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengujian kadar pH daging ayam yang terendah hingga hari ke-8 yaitu nylon + vakum dengan nilai 6.41. Untuk pengujian organoleptik dapat disimpulkan bahwa parameter kenampakan, rasa dan tektur daging ayam yang dapat diterima oleh panelis berupa kemasan PE + vakum dan nylon + vakum dengan penyimpanan selama enam (6) hari. Research has been carried out on the effect of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging materials on the quality of pH levels, and organoleptic properties of broiler chicken meat in cold storage. This study was conducted to determine how many days of storage, meat quality, and the efficiency of using materials and packaging methods in packaging broiler chicken meat. This study aims to provide information to the public, especially traders or MSMEs of chicken meat regarding the types of packaging materials and storage time for the right quality of chicken meat. The study was conducted using the RAL method (Completely Randomized Design) with two factorial packaging materials, namely Polyethylene (PE) and Nylon with two vacuum and non-vacuum methods with two repetitions in cold storage (±4oC) for 8 days. The data processing method used ANOVA and Duncan's further test. The results of this study showed that the lowest pH level of chicken meat until day 8 was nylon + vacuum with a value of 6.41. For organoleptic testing, it can be concluded that the parameters of appearance, taste and texture of chicken meat that are acceptable to the panelists are PE + vacuum and nylon + vacuum packaging with storage for six (6) days.
Sintesis Biodiesel Minyak Ampas Tahu Terkatalisis Lempung Termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida dengan Pemanasan Microwave
Authors: Agustin Niyar Candra , Prasdiantika Ricka , Subekti Sri 
Published: June 2022

Biodiesel telah menjadi sumber energi alternaltif yang terus dikembangkan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu menggunakan katalis lempung termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida (CaO) dengan pemanasan microwave untuk menghasilkan biodiesel. Sintesis Katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO menggunakan metode impregnasi basah. Sistesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan variasi jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (b/b) dan variasi daya microwave 150, 300, 450, 600, dan 800 watt. Katalis Lempung termodifikasi CaO dikarakterisasi SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) dan uji kebasaannya dengan metode Hammet. Produk biodiesel dikarakterisasi dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel minyak ampas tahu telah berhasil disintesis. Biodiesel optimum dicapai pada jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO sebesar 3% dan daya microwave 600 watt dengan waktu reaksi 15 menit sebesar 90%. Terbentuknya biodiesel dibuktikan dengan beberapa puncak metil ester yaitu metil oleat (59,88%), metil palmitat (36,74%), metil stearat (2,94%), dan metil miristat (0,28%). Biodiesel has become an alternative energy source that continues to be developed. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from tofu dregs oil using a clay modified calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst with microwave heating to produce biodiesel. Synthesis of clay modified CaO catalyst using wet impregnation method. Synthesis of biodiesel from tofu dregs oil through transesterification reaction with variations in the amount of modified clay catalyst CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (w/w) and variations in microwave power 150, 300, 450, 600, and 800 watts. The CaO-modified clay catalyst was characterized by SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and tested for basicity using the Hammet method. The biodiesel products were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results show that the tofu dregs oil biodiesel has been successfully synthesized. Optimum biodiesel was achieved at 3% CaO-modified clay catalyst and 600 watt microwave power with a reaction time of 15 minutes by 90%. The formation of biodiesel was evidenced by several peaks of methyl esters, namely methyl oleate (59.88%), methyl palmitate (36.74%), methyl stearate (2.94%), and methyl myristate (0.28%).
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengolahan Santan Kelapa Menjadi Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Idris Mahmud , Armi Puspita Ayu 
Published: June 2022

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) merupakan produk olahan dari daging kelapa yang berupa cairan berwarna jernih, tidak berasa, dengan bau khas kelapa, VCO di dapat dari proses pengolahan santan kelapa dengan beberapa metode yaitu: metode pemanasan bertahap, metode pemancingan minyak dan metode fermentasi. Metode yang umum digunakan untuk mendapatkan produk VCO adalah dengan metode pemanasan bertahap. Dalam proses pemanasan bertahap membutuhkan alat pemanas yang terkontrol dan stabil untuk menghasilkan VCO yang berkualitas, dalam proses pengolahan di butuhkan pengontrolan yang tepat dalam metode pemanasan bertahap. Alat pemanasan bertahap ini dirancang untuk mengefisienkan proses pengolahan yang di kontrol dengan sistem kelistrikan. Alat pengolahan VCO ini di rancang bekerja secara otomatis dan dengan kecepatan yang konstan, alat pengolahan VCO di rancang menggunakan motor listrik ac 1 fasa dengan kecepatan motor 2800 rpm dan daya 125 watt dan menggunakan tegangan 220v sebagai penggerak utama dan menggunakan gearbox dengan rasio 1:50 untuk mengubah torsi atau kecepatan motor melalui penambahan mekanik gears untuk menambah torsi dan mengurangi kecepatan dan menggunakan sistem tungku untuk pemanasan santan. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a processed product from coconut meat in the form of a clear liquid, tasteless, with a distinctive coconut odor. VCO is obtained from the coconut milk processing process with several methods, namely: the gradual heating method, the oil fishing method and the fermentation method. The method commonly used to obtain VCO products is the gradual heating method. In the gradual heating process requires a controlled and stable heating device to produce quality VCO, in the processing process requires proper control in the gradual heating method. This gradual heating device is designed to streamline the processing process which is controlled by the electrical system. This VCO processing tool is designed to work automatically and with a constant speed, the VCO processing tool is designed to use a singlephase ac electric motor with a motor speed of 2800 rpm and a power of 125 watts and uses a voltage of 220v as the main mover and uses a gearbox with a ratio of 1:50 to change the torque or speed of the motor through the addition of mechanical gears to increase torque and reduce speed and use a furnace system for heating coconut milk.
Exploring Young Consumers' Satisfaction with Online and Offline Banking Services:
Authors: Ofori Felix Nana Kofi , Gibson Ammar , Appiah Kenneth 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The main objective of this article examines the differences in the switching behaviours of older (Generation X and baby boomers) and younger (Millennials and Generation Z) customers of banks in the UK, with emphasis is on online and offline banking services. The secondary objective is also to evaluate the influential factors of customer satisfaction in the banking sector relating to customer switching behaviours.
Design and Methodology: The study adopts a positivist approach by using questionnaire survey to gather data from 106 clients of banks in the UK. The questionnaire comprises 30 questions, the majority of which use a 5-point Likert scale.
Findings: No statistically significant difference is found when the switching behaviours of older and younger customers are compared. However, younger customers perceived online banking as more useful due to their greater ease-of-use. Critically, security and ease-of-use are the most noticeable determinants of customer satisfaction influencing switching behaviours.
Research Limitations: This study lacks a managerial perspective on switching behaviours. This means that the applicability of the findings to banks in the UK is limited, suggesting that a further exploration in that respect may be warranted.
Practical Implications: Banks in the UK are urged to re-focus their customer relationship strategies to improve security and perceived ease-of-use. It is also recommended that marketing campaigns are launched to inform the clients about the benefits of online banking with a specific emphasis on perceived usefulness and ease-of-use.
Das Politische spüren: Heiner MüllersHoratierund das Körpergefühl der Repräsentation
Authors: Fluhrer Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRepresentation as a form of embodiment relates to the human body’s capacity to experience emotion. While this dimension for the most part remains latent in institutional politics, theatre as a medium of physical co-presence can foreground it and explore its potential for a critique of practices and institutions of political representation. This article reads Heiner Müller’s Roman playDer Horatier(The Horatian, 1968) as a theatrical reflection on the role of somatic experience in practices and images of political representation. Drawing on recent studies on the embodiment of emotions, on body memory and the experiential quality of representation, as well as on Antonin Artaud’s concepts of theatre and acting, the reading demonstrates how the evocation of somatic experience and bodily feeling constitutes a core strategy in Müller’s work on an anti-representational form of political theatre.
The Economics of Food Courts
Authors: Winfree Jason , Allen Connor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper examines food courts, where vendors are competing with each other for a fixed number of consumers. This case may arise when consumers are traveling and patronize a food court, or if the destination is a food court. A contest success function is used to describe consumers’ choices, as well as vendor investment and profitability. Using a contest success function allows for varying degrees of substitution between the vendors. Substitution can be a function of location or product space. The model analyzes revenue sharing and changes in product differentiation when aggregate demand for the food court is fixed. The model is also examined if the food court has a collective reputation that depends upon the average investments of each vendor.
Sound change and gender-based differences in isolated regions: acoustic analysis of intervocalic phonemic stops by Bora-Spanish bilinguals
Authors: Fafulas Stephen A. , Henriksen Nicholas , O’Rourke Erin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examines Spanish phonemic stops in the speech of 15 ethnically Bora bilinguals (8 males, 7 females) living in the Peruvian Amazon, within the broader context of examining gender-based phonetic variation in small speech communities. We target pronunciation of intervocalic phonemic /p t k b d g/ extracted from sociolinguistic interviews. The acoustic analysis focuses on consonant duration and relative intensity of each target phoneme. The results reveal clear gender-based variation, with males adopting more lenited variants of certain phonemic stops than females. We discuss these findings in light of gender-based research on phonetic variation in communities undergoing sound change. More generally, our study contributes to the literature on language variation and societal contacts in small speech communities in Amazonia.
Spark plasma extrusion of binder free hydroxyapatite powder
Authors: Díaz-de-la-Torre Sebastián , Muñoz-Juárez Isaac , Méndez-García José C. , González-Corral Gisela , Casas-Luna Mariano , Montufar Edgar B. , Oliver-Urrutia Carolina , Piña-Barba María Cristina , Čelko Ladislav 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work explores the possibility of manufacturing dense and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) large monoliths by spark plasma extrusion (SPE). This method combines uniaxial mechanical compression, high temperature, and electromagnetic field to promote the extrusion and sintering of HA powder in one single step. The results show that the binder-free extrusion of pre-compacted HA powder is feasible at a temperature similar to the temperature at which nanocrystalline HA shows superplastic behavior. The extrusion continues throughout the sliding and rotation of the particles, and also due to the grain boundary sliding, up to the point where no more material is available, thus producing monoliths of nearly 30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. The dehydration and smooth surface of the powder appear as paramount factors to facilitate the HA extrusion without additives. The extruded HA preserved the stoichiometry and nanometric grain size and exhibited preferential microstructural alignment in the direction of extrusion. The material experiences local thermal and pressure gradients during extrusion, producing different densification and hardness along its length. The SPE of HA will benefit the healthcare field by offering new processing approaches of bone substitutes and osteosynthesis devices.
Great Transformation on a Microscale: The Targowisko Settlement Region
Authors: Golański Adam , Kadrow Sławomir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of the article is to characterize the well-recognized early Neolithic settlement region of Targowisko in SE Poland. It is located in southern Poland, on the northern outskirts of Western Carpathians, 30 km to the east of Krakow. It functioned throughout the development of the entire Linienbandkeramik and the subsequent Malice culture, in the period from 5300 to 4500 BC. The analysis of the settlement and internal colonization processes of the region showed their dynamic nature and the relative instability of the particular microregions, typically the increased mobility of small groups of people undertaking risky colonization actions in the Targowisko area. The region also offers a rare opportunity to trace the nature of socio-cultural change on a microscale. Impulses from various cultural environments contributed to the formation of the MC, which proves its heterogeneous character and the complicated course of its genesis.
Exploiting Sheep and Goats at the Late Lengyel Settlement in Racot 18
Authors: Marciniak Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The excavations of Late Lengyel settlement in Racot 18 near Kościan are the most important archaeological achievements of Lech Czerniak in the first period of his outstanding academic career. This large settlement was made of numerous trapezoidal houses and several internal, external, and loam pits associated with them. The work at Racot 18 led to the discovery of a large assemblage of animal bones in an excellent state of preservation. The article examines the characteristics of the sheep and goat-based economy at the settlement of Racot 18. A comprehensive analysis of the caprine bones involved contextually driven faunal studies comprising taphonomy, separating sheep and goats, and kill-off patterns. The work implies a complex system of sheep and goat exploitation that includes the use of specialised harvesting strategies and the exploitation of different food resources, including meat and marrow and secondary products, most likely milk and wool. The significance of this work for recognizing the characteristics of Late Danubian agriculture in the Polish lowlands is also discussed.
Clinical laboratory use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Unlu Ali , Abusoglu Sedat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mass spectrometric methods, which transition from chemistry laboratories to clinical laboratories in the basic field, are frequently used in areas such as metabolic analysis, endocrinology, drug research, protein studies and toxicology. Although it is preferred more than immunoassay methods in large-volume laboratories, in certain analyses, it is thought to be an important keystone in clinical laboratory practice. It has found more space in the laboratory area, with users increasing their device experience and working on the applications of problematic tests. It has the potential to take part in metabolic mapping and multiplex analysis, especially in proteomics, with its performance.