bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Completely incapable of logical thought”
Authors: O’Farrell Kate 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the MeToo Movement has generally been accepted as a legitimate response to what was considered endemic sexual harassment and discrimination in Hollywood, its goals and values have nonetheless been questioned and undermined. This study examines the comment sections of two YouTube videos produced by major broadcasting corporations in which the MeToo Movement in Europe is discussed. The comment sections are analysed in terms of expressions of attitude and evaluation, using the Appraisal framework. Through this analysis it is revealed that attitudes expressed in the comments legitimate and normalise anti-feminist ideologies through discursive construction of social norms. Conversely, feminism, as well as immigration, are delegitimated. Commenters delegitimate the MeToo Movement by construing its goals and values as misdirected or insincere. These attitudes are furthermore expressed through dialogically contractive comments, thus constructing them as accepted and matter-of-fact, rather than ideological.
Calorimetry system for heat load in long-pulse discharges on EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhuang Qing , Ming Tingfeng , Yu Yaowei , Liu Yukai , Yang Lei , Long Feifei , Shi Qiqi , Li Bang , Liu Shaocheng , Liu Haiqing , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A calorimetry system has been developed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). It is employed to evaluate the heat load exhausted by cooling water. Full poloidal coverage is achieved after the upgrade in 2019. The experimental results show that the heat load exhausted by cooling water is 64%–86% of the injected energy. Moreover, the heat load increases faster in the case with a higher heating power, and this is qualitatively confirmed by the simulation. In addition, a longer time is required for the temperature of the cooling water to achieve its maximum for a higher heating power. And in the decay phase of the water temperature, it shows an exponential characteristic. The averaged time constant of the thermal decay obtained by exponential fitting for the upper and the lower divertor are 12.1 s and 107.9 s, respectively. It indicates that the heat removal capability of the upper tungsten divertor outperforms the lower graphite divertor.
Revisiting Witten-O'Raifeartaigh inflation for a non-minimally coupled scalar field
Authors: dos Santos F.B.M. , Silva R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we revisit the Witten-O'Raifeartaigh model of inflation, in which the potential takes a log2(ϕ/M) form, when the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to gravity. We investigate the impact of the coupling in the prediction of the inflationary parameters, thereby affecting the viability of the model. We find that a small coupling of order ξ ∼ 10-3 is preferred by data at the ns-r plane level, and that the presence of a non-zero ξ allows for a large interval of the mass scale M, in which it is possible to achieve a low tensor-to-scalar ratio. We also establish constraints imposed by a subsequent reheating era, in which its duration and temperature can be related to CMB observables, which in return, restricts the possible values for the ns
and r parameters.
Elementary band co-representations for (double)-grey line groups
Authors: Dmitrović S , Vuković T , Milošević I , Damnjanović M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Full sets of inequivalent elementary band co-representations (coEBRs) for spinless and spinful systems with grey line group (LG) symmetry are calculated and, together with recently reported elementary band representation (EBRs) for colorless single and double LGs by Milošević et al (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53 455204), the task of characterization of nonmagnetic quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) topological crystals by means of the theory of topological quantum chemistry can be completed. Effects of additional time reversal symmetry on band topology and applicability of topological quantum chemistry is thoroughly analyzed. The main conclusions of the latter are illustrated on spinful Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model (topological mirror chain). Technique of induction and decomposition of coEBRs is fully developed and presented in detail. Complete sets of coEBRs for all thirteen families of single and double grey LGs are tabulated. Quasi-1D structures with symmetry enforced hourglass fermions are singled out.
Ionic Composition Thermodynamics for Different Saline Waters in Central Iraq
Authors: AbdulKadium Safa Mahdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
understand the thermodynamic of ionic composition for different saline water, triplicate water samples were collected from each location. This study required chemical analysis for total cations (Ca+2,Mg+2,Na+1,K+1) and anions (Cl-1, HCO3-1,CO3-2,SO4-2). The following parameters were calculated using the[1] program: ionic strength, activity coefficient, activity, and ion pairs. The findings revealed that, according to the classification of medium salinity[2], There is no issue with the rate of infiltration. The calcium ionic activity coefficient values ranged from 0.332 to 0.587, with active Ca+2 accounting for 23 to 48 percent of total soluble Ca+2 in the samples investigated. The concentrations of ion pairs ranged from 0.749 to 2.716 mM. L-1. The magnesium ionic activity coefficient ranged from 0.385 to 0.609, and active Mg+2 was found to be between 29 and 44 percent of total soluble Mg+2. The concentrations of ion pairs ranged from 0.270 to 6.618 mM.L-1. In general, the findings show that: The following is the ion Paris sequence: (MgSO4) 0, (CaSO4) 0, (NaSO4) -, (MgHCO3) +, (CaHO3) +, (KSO4)-. The free ions were arranged in the following order: Na+, SO4
-2, Mg+2, Ca+2, HCO3-1, K+1.- Changes in the mathematical relationship between ionic strength and electric conductivity were generated by the correction of ion pairs and ionic activity.- Correction of ion pairs and ionic activity increased the adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (adj.RNa). Ion pairs, activity, and saline water are some of the terms used in this paper.
The Effect of Inoculation Mycorrhiza and Organic Fertilizer and Dab Fertilizer in the Availability NPK for Local Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. )
Authors: Jasim Saja Saad , Kamal Jawad Abdel-Kadhim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Shafi`iyah district, for the season 2021/2022 using soil (Sandy loam) to study the effect of inoculation mycorrhizal, organic fertilizer and dab fertilizer on Availability NPK of local wheat plants (RCBD) design. The experiment included three factors of inoculation mycorrhizal (G0, G1) and organic fertilizer (0-1-2) tons. ha, and mineral fertilizer (0-50%-100%) and the lsd test was calculation the least significant difference at the 0.05 level, where it showed that there is a significant effect and the superiority of the treatment inoculated with Mycorrhizal fungus on the comparison treatment in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and the average reached (2.229%),( 0.298%), (1.475%), as well as the treatment of organic fertilizer (P2) over the control treatment (P0) in nitrogen (2.313%) and the superiority of treatment (P1) in phosphorous (0.321%), and the treatment (P2) in potassium (1.493%). The treatment of mineral fertilizer at the level of 50% was superior in nitrogen, which amounted to (2.116%), and in phosphorous, the treatment exceeded 100% (D2), where it reached an average of (0.310%), and in potassium, the treatment exceeded 100% (D2) (1.478%), while in The case of binary interference between G.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Spraying with Prepared Calcium Humate-Fulvate and Fungicide on Tomato Yield (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Mansie Yahya H. , Hussein Hayfaa J , Fayyad Mohammed A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Zubair area, southern of Iraq, In loamy sand soil to investigate the effect of three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 200, 400 Kg N ha-1) and spraying with prepared calcium humate – fulvate,(0.0, 0.4, 0. 8 %) and the fungicide Scor (0, 0.5, 1 ml L-1) on the yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) during the growing season 2020-2021. The results of the study showed a significant effect of treatments, and the triple interaction treatment of 400 kg N ha + pesticide at a concentration of 1 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate, at a concentration of 0.4% recorded the highest concentration in leaves of 55.00 gm kg-1 of dry matter, and the triple interaction treatment of 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 0.5 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate 0.4% was the best in reducing the severity of infection on the leaves as it scored 7.22%, while the triple interaction treatment gave 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 1 ml L-1+ calcium humate-fulvate at 0.8% the highest amounted to 67.39 tons ha-1.
Impact of T. harzianum and G. mosseae Inoculum and Phosphate Rocks on the NPK Content in Barley Crop (Hordium Valgari L.)
Authors: Laibi Salah Mahdi , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effect of fungal fertilizers with isolates of T. harzianum and G. mosseae and levels of phosphate rock on NPK content in the barley plant was investigated. A field trial was conducted on clay loamy soil to produce a variety of barley crops named (Samir 1) during the autumn agricultural season in 2021 in the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The factorial experiment was designed according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors of the experiment included two levels of T. harzianum inoculum (T0, control and T1, fungal inoculation), two levels of G. mosseae inoculum (G0, control and G1 fungal inoculation), and four levels of phosphate rock (P0, P1, P2, and P3) with an amount (0,1000,1500, and 2000) t/ha-1. The results present that the interaction treatment (G. mosseae + T. harzianum and phosphate rock of 1000 t/ha-1) resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) in the plant 1.977, 0.437, and 2.603 %, respectively, compared to the control.
Effect of Integrated Nano-Complete, Mineral Fertilizer, and Seaweed Extracts on the Activity of Urease in the Reduction and Oxidation Layers of Soil Planted with Rice
Authors: Al-Juthery Hassanein Hayyawi , Jabbar Al-Taweel Luma Salih 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate the impact of adding seaweed extracts, urea, and complete nano-fertilizer on the effectiveness of urease enzyme at the rhizosphere in the flowering and full maturity stages in soil planted with rice, an experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields affiliated to Babylon Governorate / Al-Tali’ah district. The experiment was applied according to an RBCD with three replications, in a simple one-way experience. The experiment’s treatments included adding urea fertilizer at the level of 200 kg N ha-1, symbolized by the (U), and adding seaweed extracts at the levels (20 and 40 kg ha-1). They are denoted by the symbol A1 and A2 respectively, in addition to the complete nano-fertilizer at the levels (3 and 6 kg ha-1), which are denoted by the symbol NC1 and NC2 respectively, as well as the comparison treatment. The results of the Duncan test showed the following: The addition of the fertilizer mixture (A2NC1) significantly outperformed the enzyme urease activity of the reducing layer in the flowering and ripening stages, as it was recorded (168.80 and 160.42 )µg N-NH4+g-1 soil2h-1 Straight.
Association Between Precipitable Water Vapor and Evaporation Over Iraq During the Period (1979-2019)
Authors: Salman Aseel D. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Evaporation is the process of a liquid’s surface changing to a gas. In the water cycle, liquid water (in the ocean, lakes, or rivers) evaporates and becomes water vapor the integrated content of water vapor in air column, called precipitable water vapor (PWV) in mm. The monthly average of evaporation (E), and precipitable water vapor have been downloaded (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) for period (1979-2019) for Iraq. The annual, seasonal, and monthly temporal and spatial distribution of the precipitable water vapor PWV and evaporation E were studied, then the type of relationship that links evaporation and Precipitable water was found using the Spearman test. The result showed. A clear positive correlation relation between the precipitable water vapor PWV and Evaporation (E) checked by the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient (R).
Measuring the Acid Rain in Heet City of Iraq
Authors: Hamed Asmaa M. , Wahab Basim I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acid rain is a consequence of pollution in the atmosphere. When any sort of fuel is burned, a number of chemicals are released. The smoke from a fire, factories and the fumes from a car exhaust contain a lot of invisible gases that can be far more toxic to our environment than the smoke grey particles that can be seen. Where in this search, used the data from European Center for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was depend on. The search is concerned with studying and measuring acid rain in Heet city for three point in same region (Industrial, residential, agricultural) by using values PH that has been measured by devices (PH (ATC), PH (laboratory), paper PH and TDS (Measures the concentration of basic and acidic salts). Determination the amount of the rain in units (mm/h, inches) and period begin fall the rain for a rainy season (from October to May). Study the behavior of polluting gases in sampling regions (CO, CO2, NO2, NO, SO2, O3) due to it has most influence on the formation of the acid rain and determine the most regions which contain pollutants. After measuring the acid rain samples it was found the highest acidity value was recorded in Kabaisa Cement Factory, which is a polluted industrial area, where the PH value was 4.00, meaning that it is one of the most common areas in which acid rain spreads. While agricultural areas have lowest acidity values where PH between (7.01- 7.05), because they are far from sources of pollutants emission and they contain plants and trees(as is well known plants absorb polluting gases) which makes them areas free of all kinds of polluting gases. Also, residential areas contain acidic PH values where PH between 5.06 - 6.03 at lower rates, and the reason for this is the frequent use of cars and motors and the more widespread Restaurants, bread ovens.
Evaluation of Soil Quality and Health Indices in Relation to Soil Physical Properties of Fedak Farm in Holly Najaf Province
Authors: AlWazzan Taha T. , Atti Alaa Salih 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFadak farm project was selected to conduct this study in and to evaluate the state of quality and health indices in term of soil physical properties, where this farm is located in Holly Najaf Governorate. Some physical properties (soil texture, mean weight diameter, bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water) were selected to assess the quality then health indices, Results showed that classes of moderate and poor soil health were dominated in lands of this farm for physical properties It was noted that the class good of soil health wasnot collaterally appeared in areas for the physical characteristics.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Minimum-Maximum Temperature over Iraq for the Period (1980-2017)
Authors: Yehia Mohamed A. , Al-Taai Osama T. , Ibrahim Morwa K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climate behavior study analysis of the values of the famous temperature variables for each of the (minimum and maximum) temperatures that were studied in four main stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutbah, Basra) during the period 1980-2017. The research aims to know the increase in the monthly rates of minimum and maximum temperature values and their impact on global warming, as the data were taken from satellites registered by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Mann-Kendall statistical tests were used to calculate the important trends in the minimum and maximum temperature rates for each of the four previously mentioned stations. The results showed that there is a noticeable increase in the monthly average of minimum and maximum temperatures and that the general behavior of the trend of minimum and maximum temperatures tends to rise in its values in all regions of Iraq.
Removal Efficiency, Accumulation and Biochemical Response of Lemna minor L. Exposed to Some Heavy Metals
Authors: Mahdi Al-Nabhan Enas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Both terrestrial and aquatic plants can be used for removing various pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, etc via phytotechnology. This study applied different concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr (1, 4, and 8) mg/L to evaluate heavy metal removal and toxicological effects on Lemna minor L. in laboratory experiments for 12 days. At the beginning and the end of experiments, the parameters were measured, including fresh weight, relative growth rate (RGR), total chlorophyll, protein, and proline content, as well as other parameters measuring at the end of experiments such as metal remaining in water, removal efficiency, and bioconcentration factor(BCF) in plant. The results demonstrated a decrease in metal concentrations in aqueous solution at all treatments with different values. The highest removal efficiencies were Pb >Cr >Cd, respectively. It was 88.8 % at the 1 mg/L of lead and 22.22 % at 8 mg/L of Cd. The toxicological effects on plants as a response to selected metals were increased with increasing concentrations and periods of exposure. The reduction in fresh, dry weight, t. chlorophyll, and protein content were more in Cd>Cr>Pb respectively compared with increased in control treatments. The highest reduction at 8 mg/L of Cd were 0.329 µg/gram, 18.656 % for total chlorophyll and protein content respectively. The result showed the proline content increased with increasing concentration and the value was highest in Cd>Cr>Pb. The results suggest that Lemna minor L. is a good candidate for treating polluted water with heavy metals.
Response of Growth and Productivity of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to Nano -N and Urea Fertilizer
Authors: Zyarah Al-Shamary Ahmed Jaafar , Salih Al-Ansari Abdul-Mahdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field experiment ware carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Basrah University College of Agriculture, north of Basra governorate during the winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to study the growth and yield of three cultivars of wheat (IPA99, BANGIL and JAAD) urea- nitrogen applied at four rate (0,60,120 and 180)kg ha-1 as comported Nano-N applied at three rate (0, 15 and 30) L ha-1. The experiment was designed as factorial randomized complete design (R.C.B.D)with three replicates. A flag leaf area, number spikes in m2, number grian per spike and grain yield parameters were recorded. The results of the study showed no significant difference in all studied growth parameters, yield components and yield Between sources of nitrogen fertilizer (urea and nano), however the cultivars were differed significantly in the studied parameters, as growth parameter of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike and grain yield of JAAD cultivar were higher than those of other cultivar IPA99 AND BANGIL for both growing seasons. Increasing the level of nitrogen rate for both urea and nano sources an increased all studied parameters for both seasons. Application of 180 kg N ha-1 and 30 L ha-1 resulted the highest average of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike, and weight of 1000 grain and grain yield for study seasons. The interaction treatment between JAAD cultivar and the 180 kg N ha-1 level of urea fertilizer and the 30 liter ha-1 of nano- source resulted highest flag leaf area, number of spikes, number of grains per spike and grain yield. However the interaction treatment between Ibaa99 cultivar and the level of 180 kg N ha-1 urea and 30 L ha-1 nano, showed the highest weight of 1000 grain. lowest of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike and grain yield, were recorded at the interaction between BANGIL cultivar and the control treatment for both urea and nano fertilizer sources for both seasons.
Effect of Different Substrates and Supplement with Three Types of Spawn on Letinula Edodes Parameters for First Production in Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Mohammed Barakat , Abed Idham Ali , Alkobaisy Jamal Salih 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) can have an important role specially in agriculture where land is limited. This study was the first step to improve mushroom cultivation in Iraq by using locally available lignocellulosic materials as substrates, supplements and types of spawn. Effect of substrates, supplements and spawn on mycelium and browning period, time of three flush, weight of three flush, biological efficiency (BE), total yield, diameter of cap and length of stalk. Used substrates were sawdust and Phragmites australis, supplements were Sesbania sesban, Trifolium and molasses factories residuals. The treatment were T1( sawdust 73%, Sesbania sesban20%), T2(Sawdust73%, Trifolium20%), T3(Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Sesbania sesban20%), T4 (Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Trifolium20%), T5 (Phragmites australis fruiting), T6 (Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Trifolium20%), T6(73%, Sesbania sesban20%) and 2% CaCO3, 5% molasses factories residuals for all treatment. Spawn used were wheat grains C1, date seeds C2, white corn grains C3. Results show that faster mycelium covering substrate was at T1 (23.167 days), T6 gave the first complete browning (55.417 days), the days of three flushes were (68.91, 88.42 and 107.83 days) for T5, T6 and T6 respectively. T6 was superior by showing highest values of weight of three flush (73.93, 76.13 and 49.06 g for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively), total yield and BE (199.14 g and 49.784 % respectively), and diameter of cap and length of stalk (6.7 and 6.0 cm respectively). Hence, T6 which content of Phragmites australis in fruiting stage, Trifolium and molasses was the best substrate used in this study, while C2 (date grains) was best type of spawn.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Embryo Production of Farm Animals Under the Circumstances of Embryo Transfer Technology
Authors: Mardenli Omar , Amin Al-Tawash Ali Sami , Al-Jabbar Ibrahim Ali Abd , Mohammad Al-Kerwi Mahdi Salih , Çetinkaya Halil İbrahim , Al-Shammas Ghassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
“Embryo transfer” technology is one of the deterministic techniques related to the production of in vitro or in vivo produced embryos. This technique controls to a large extent the integrity of the developmental component of early embryos and their ability to develop later until birth. Pregnancy rates resulting from the transferred embryos were widely dispersed and associated with many variables and factors. The developmental stage of early embryos had a significant impact on pregnancy rates, as most studies agreed to transfer embryos in the blastocyst and morula stages due to the high rates of pregnancy (40%-100%) compared to the blastomeres. Embryo cryopreservation technology (rapid and slow) competed to a large extent with fresh embryos in pregnancy rates, even surpassing the latter in some cases, as the percentage approached 100%. The resulting pregnancy rates varied greatly (up to 95%) according to the method of transferring and hormonal induction. The results were mainly based on the size and type of the animal on the one hand and on the nature of the biological activity and the specific function of the hormones (progesterone, prostaglandin F2α, gonadotropin - releasing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone, etc.) involved in regulating estrus in donors and recipients on the other hand. This review concluded that the embryo transfer technology has given many scenarios that cannot lead to an inevitable result in judging the efficacy of the technology of in vitro embryo production, but the results are encouraging and require further efforts.