bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Fairness and Bias Mitigation for Clinical Machine Learning: A New Utility for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yang Jenny , Soltan Andrew A. S. , Clifton David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs machine learning-based models continue to be developed for healthcare applications, greater effort is needed in ensuring that these technologies do not reflect or exacerbate any unwanted or discriminatory biases that may be present in the data. In this study, we introduce a reinforcement learning framework capable of mitigating biases that may have been acquired during data collection. In particular, we evaluated our model for the task of rapidly predicting COVID-19 for patients presenting to hospital emergency departments, and aimed to mitigate any site-specific (hospital) and ethnicity-based biases present in the data. Using a specialized reward function and training procedure, we show that our method achieves clinically-effective screening performances, while significantly improving outcome fairness compared to current benchmarks and state-of-the-art machine learning methods. We performed external validation across three independent hospitals, and additionally tested our method on a patient ICU discharge status task, demonstrating model generalizability.
Serological and Molecular Study on Caprine Brucellosis in Puducherry (India) and its Public Health Significance
Authors: Madan Abhishek , Kumaresan Gururaj , Rekha V Bhanu , Andani Dimple , Mishra Anil Kumar , Kumar VJ Ajay , Jacob Thanislass , Vasudevan P Kavita 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTCaprine brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease. The present study was carried out to address the lack of a comprehensive study on the status of caprine brucellosis in Puducherry, India using serological and molecular tests in goats and to assess the seroprevalence in human risk groups of the aforementioned region to ascertain the public health significance of the disease. Seroprevalence in 120 goats was found to be zero, 3.33% and 18.33% by Rose Bengal agglutination Test (RBT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and Immunoglobulin G Indirect Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbant Assay (IgG iELISA) respectively. Of the 120 goat genital swabs screened, while conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected genus specific 16S rRNA and Brucella melitensis specific omp2 genes in 17.50% and 5.00% of samples respectively, the OMP31TaqMan® real time PCR with a positive detection of 40.0 % was both the most sensitive and specific for detection of Brucella melitensis. The study provides insight into the optimization of diagnostic tests following cluster wise sampling for brucellosis in goats. The strain of Brucella melitensis in Puducherry was found to be Biovar 3 based upon suggestive results of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of omp2 gene product. Seroprevalence by IgG iELISA was 33.33 % in 30 samples from human subjects. Serological evidence of caprine brucellosis in goats and human subjects and molecular detection of Brucella melitensis in Puducherry, India warrants regular screening, surveillance and reporting of disease in goats and human risk groups.IMPORTANCEBrucellosis is an important zoonotic pathogen causing abortions in domestic animals as well as posing risk to livestock keepers and handlersControl of this disease requires proper surveillance programme, and in this study the peninsular coastal region of India was sampled by a cluster method and evaluated for brucellosis in goats as well as people at riskThis study compared the diagnostic sensitivity of various serological and molecular tests and found that the OMP31 gene TaqMan probe based Real Time assay to be highly sensitive in diagnosing brucellosisSimilarly, in human subjects exposed to risk factors like animal handlers, veterinarians, livestock keepers the sero-positivity was 33.33% by ELISA
Reverse engineering lateral root stable prebranch site formation; Complementary roles for auxin and auxin signalling
Authors: Teixeira Santos Joana , van den Berg Thea , ten Tusscher Kirsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPriming is the process through which periodic elevations in auxin signalling prepattern future sites for lateral root formation, called prebranch sites. Thusfar is has remained a matter of debate to what extent elevations in auxin concentration and/or auxin signalling are critical for priming and prebranch site formation. Recently, we discovered a reflux-and-growth mechanism for priming generating periodic elevations in auxin concentration that subsequently dissipate. Here we reverse engineer a mechanism for prebranch site formation that translates these transient elevations into a persistent increase in auxin signalling, resolving the prior debate into a two-step process of auxin concentration mediated initial signal and auxin signalling capacity mediated memorization. A critical aspect of the prebranch site formation mechanism is its activation in response to time integrated rather than instantaneous auxin signalling. The proposed mechanism is demonstrated to be consistent with prebranch site auxin signalling dynamics, lateral inhibition and symmetry breaking mechanisms and perturbations in auxin homeostasis.Summary statementUsing computational modeling we reveal the likely complementary roles of auxin and auxin signalling in one of the earliest step in the formation of plant lateral roots, prebranch site formation.
Molecular Epidemiology and Histopathological Classifications of Lung Cancer in Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Asiamah Emmanuel Akomanin , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Nyamande Kennedy , Ginindza Themba Geoffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionLung cancer is a leading cause of death globally and an emerging epidemic in Africa. Recent advances in molecular biomarkers and understanding of the cancer epidemiology and population-based genomic profile for early detection, diagnosis and treatment show promise in reducing incidence and mortality rate. However, this is lacking in Africa. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on lung cancer molecular epidemiology, genomic profile, and histopathological distributions in Africa.Methods and analysisThis review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and Levac et al.’s recommendation for methodological enhancement for scoping review studies. A search for keywords from scientific databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS and Google Scholar) and grey literature will be conducted for evidence on the molecular epidemiology and histopathological classifications of lung cancer in Africa. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-Scoping Review Extension guidelines will be used to report screened results. We will use the PRISMA-ScR checklist to ensure the study adheres to sound methodological rigour acceptable for scoping reviews. The study’s search strategy will include Boolean terms (‘AND’ and ‘OR’) and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms.Ethics and disseminationThis review will not include animal or human participants. Ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable. Findings of this scoping review will be disseminated via electronic/social media, conferences, meetings with stakeholders and peer-review publications.Strengths and limitations of the study▸This review will be the first to identify and map evidence that assesses the molecular epidemiological diversity and histopathological distributions of lung cancer in Africa.▸The summary of evidence obtained from relevant studies in the African context will help understand the genetic diversity of lung cancer among high-risk heterogenous African populations and guide future research towards early detection and targeted therapy in the African context.▸The review will include all available studies in the literature with no time or language restrictions. Thus, studies published in languages apart from English will be translated using an online tool.▸There will be no quality appraisal of the included studies.
Female LSD1 Conditional Knockout Mice Have an Increased Bone Mass
Authors: Astleford-Hopper Kristina , Bradley Elizabeth , Mansky Kim C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that degrade bone mineral and extracellular matrix. Investigating the mechanisms by which osteoclast differentiation is epigenetically regulated is a key to understanding the pathogenesis of skeletal related diseases such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a member of the histone demethylase family that regulates gene expression via the removal of mono-and dimethyl groups from H3K4 and H3K9. Prior to our study, little was known about the effect of LSD1 on skeletal development and osteoclast differentiation. Here we show conditional deletion of LSD1 in the myeloid lineage results in a decrease in osteoclast differentiation and activity. Furthermore, Lsd1cKO female, but not male, mice have an increased bone mass. Lastly, we demonstrate that LSD1 can form a complex with CoREST, HDAC1 and HDAC2 suggesting a mechanism by which the combination of methylation and acetylation of histone residues regulates osteoclast gene expression.
The construction of an accurate Arabic sentiment analysis system based on resources alteration and approaches comparison
Authors: Touahri Ibtissam 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper purposed a multi-facet sentiment analysis system.Design/methodology/approachHence, This paper uses multidomain resources to build a sentiment analysis system. The manual lexicon based features that are extracted from the resources are fed into a machine learning classifier to compare their performance afterward. The manual lexicon is replaced with a custom BOW to deal with its time consuming construction. To help the system run faster and make the model interpretable, this will be performed by employing different existing and custom approaches such as term occurrence, information gain, principal component analysis, semantic clustering, and POS tagging filters.FindingsThe proposed system featured by lexicon extraction automation and characteristics size optimization proved its efficiency when applied to multidomain and benchmark datasets by reaching 93.59% accuracy which makes it competitive to the state-of-the-art systems.Originality/valueThe construction of a custom BOW. Optimizing features based on existing and custom feature selection and clustering approaches.
Customer brand engagement and co-production: an examination of key boundary conditions in the sharing economy
Authors: Casidy Riza , Leckie Civilai , Nyadzayo Munyaradzi Wellington , Johnson Lester W. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Digital platforms have transformed how brands engage with collaborative consumption actors, such as prosumers. This study aims to examine the role of customer innovativeness and perceived economic value as important boundary conditions on the effects of customer brand engagement behavior on co-production, which subsequently influences customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors test the model using survey data from 430 users of a digital platform (i.e. UBER) in Australia. Hypotheses were tested using the bias-corrected bootstrapping method.

Findings
The findings suggest that customer innovativeness and perceived economic value positively moderate the effects of customer brand engagement behavior on co-production. Further, the mediating effects of co-production on satisfaction are stronger for highly innovative customers and for those who associate high perceived economic value with the brand.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides novel insights on the boundary conditions of the effects of customer brand engagement behavior on co-production. Future research could apply this study’s conceptual framework to other digital platforms to extend the generalizability of this framework.

Practical implications
This study provides managerial insights into how firms can customize marketing strategies to encourage customers as prosumers in co-production by targeting highly innovative customers and focusing on perceived economic value.

Originality/value
This study builds on service-dominant logic and social exchange theory to examine the role of customer innovativeness and perceived economic value as novel boundary conditions in digital platform ecosystems.
Adoption of the COSO methodology for internal Sharīʿah audit
Authors: Bouheraoua Said , Djafri Fares 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIslamic financial institutions (IFIs) are required to establish a Shariīʿah Governance Framework (SGF) to strengthen their Sharīʿah-compliance mechanism and ensure that all relevant IFI regulations are in line with Sharīʿah rules and principles. Effective implementation of the Shariīʿah-compliance function will further promote stakeholder confidence, as well as the integrity of IFIs, by reducing Shariīʿah non-compliance risks. This study aims to examine the internal control framework developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and explore the extent to which it can be incorporated in the Sharīʿah-compliance function of IFIs.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative method of inquiry, utilizing the inductive method and content analysis to build comprehensive knowledge that will assist in exploring the framework of COSO methodology and the extent to which it can be adopted by IFIs.FindingsThe findings indicate that the existing frameworks of Sharīʿah governance, whether that of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) or Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), need to be further developed. Therefore, the adoption of COSO methodology in the internal Sharīʿah audit of IFIs, as suggested by AAOIFI, is not only possible but desirable. The study also finds that the COSO framework places the highest priority on risk management in that it makes it an integral part of the decision-making process in all the institution's activities. As a result, incorporating the comprehensive COSO risk management structure within the Sharīʿah-compliance function will enhance risk management in IFIs.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of the COSO internal control framework and examines its components, principles and the possibility of its adoption by IFIs. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to enhancing the Sharīʿah-compliance function of IFIs.
The role of intellectual capital and service agility in banking service provision: the perspective of Brazilian export companies
Authors: Mataveli Mara , Ayala Calvo Juan-Carlos , Gil Alfonso J. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeBanks in emerging markets such as Brazil provide a wide range of services to companies to facilitate the export process. The objective of the present study was to analyze, from the perspective of Brazilian export companies, the relationships between banking intellectual capital (human and organizational), banking agility, banking technologies and company size in banking service provision.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 318 Brazilian export companies was surveyed with questionnaires. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling, namely the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) technique and SmartPLS.FindingsBanking intellectual capital affects banking service provision, banking agility mediates the relationship between intellectual capitals and banking service provision and technology does not moderate the relationship between agility and banking service provision. The size of the company does not moderate the relationship between intellectual capital and banking service provision.Practical implicationsThis work indicates that intellectual capital and the banking agility strategy are critical in the provision of banking service provision for exports.Originality/valueThis work illustrates the effect of banks' intangible resources on the provision of banking services from the perspective of Brazilian export companies.
Maximizing customer adoption outcomes in emerging industrial markets via supplier innovativeness and relationship quality
Authors: Nyadzayo Munyaradzi W. , Casidy Riza , Mohan Mayoor 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how suppliers doing business with customers in emerging industrial markets can leverage their innovativeness to foster trust and commitment toward maximizing customer adoption behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on commitment-trust theory, this research uses survey data collected from a large sample of Chinese business-to-business executives, which were then analyzed using three-stage least squares simultaneous estimation models and PROCESS.

Findings
The results show that supplier innovativeness can help customers build trust in a supplier. Consequently, a reciprocal commitment is forged among customers that manifest in favorable adoption decisions, including a higher willingness to pay premium prices. Notably, this approach is beneficial when robust interfirm communications are difficult to establish.

Originality/value
Innovation decisions in interfirm relationships are important for suppliers doing business in emerging markets. This is because customer adoptions in such settings can foster enduring relational market-based assets and other competitive advantages that can improve supplier performance. Unfortunately, the understanding of how interfirm relationships influence innovation-adoption decisions in emerging markets is lacking. The findings of this research shed light on how suppliers interested in entering emerging markets can interact with customer firms in such settings to maximize favorable adoption outcomes.
Customer reference marketing in internationalizing SMEs: a service perspective
Authors: Tolstoy Daniel , Melén Hånell Sara , Özbek Nurgül 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create a model that compares the effects of product content differentiation and service content differentiation on small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) perceived importance of customer reference marketing in foreign markets.

Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model is developed and tested through multiple regression and mediation analysis, on an effective sample of 188 Swedish SMEs.

Findings
The results show that foreign market business assignments characterized by differentiated services make companies relatively more dependent on relationship learning and customer reference marketing. By contrast, situations of differentiated product content correlate negatively with customer reference marketing.

Practical implications
Reference customers can function as vehicles for international expansion when marketing offerings are complex. The findings imply that in service settings, SMEs need to maintain learning regimes with foreign market customers to effectively use them as references to win new business.

Originality/value
The study applies a service perspective to explain the contingencies of customer reference marketing, particularly in international business settings. The study contributes to international small business literature and research focusing on service–firm internationalization by explaining the marketing mechanisms at play in the internationalization of SMEs. In so doing, the findings can enrich relationship and network perspectives of internationalization and add a missing link to studies on networking and internationalization.
Greenwashed word of mouth (GWWOM): a vibrant influence on customer green behaviour
Authors: Singh Navjit , Gupta Kritika , Kapur Bharti 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of greenwashed word of mouth (GWWOM) originating from trickery and misleading green marketing practices on customer behavior. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute in the domain of responsible green marketing. The significance of this study lies in its ability to provide useful recommendations to marketers, policymakers and customers toward accomplishment of sustainable development goals through usage and adoption of environment-friendly products.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is primarily descriptive in nature, as it attempted to investigate the implications of customers' reactions toward greenwashed practices prevailing in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. The information gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire was analyzed using Smart PLS software package to verify the proposed hypotheses. The consistency and validity of the measurement and structural models proposed were tested using inferential statistical procedures.

Findings
The results significantly confirmed the mediating role of GWWOM in shaping the relationship between green skepticism and shift in green behavior. It was verified from the results that customers’ futuristic behavioral patterns toward green products are negatively influenced by misleading and false claims of marketers through GWWOM communications.

Practical implications
The primary implications of this study are for marketers in understanding the role of GWWOM on organizations’ reputation. The policymakers may contribute by implementing appropriate changes in regulations to control greenwashed practices. Finally, customers may become more aware about the unethical marketing practices and act responsibly in the market place.

Originality/value
This study revealed an intriguing finding in the sense that customers, who feel cheated by erroneous and mislead green claims of the marketers, are expected to communicate their experiences through variety of channels. Therefore, it is very likely that they may influence others to change their behaviors while going for environmentally safe products and may have significant consequences on the sustainable consumer behavior.
Working together or separately? The role of different review arguments in consumers' home-sharing service purchasing: evidence from China
Authors: Ruan Yanya , Liang Ni 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to distinguish between service arguments and communication arguments within a home-sharing review and to investigate their roles in consumer purchase decision-making.Design/methodology/approachBased on the setting of Airbnb, a 3 (service argument valence: positive, neutral, and negative) × 3 (communication argument valence: positive, neutral, and negative) online experiment was conducted. Data collected from 379 participants were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe three main determinants of purchase intention: perceived host service quality, perceived facility service quality, and perceived social value, are affected by both service arguments and communication arguments. Service arguments positively influence perceived host service quality and perceived facility service quality, while communication arguments contribute significantly to perceived host service quality and perceived social value. However, perceived facility service quality is affected by the combination of service arguments and communication arguments rather than by the service arguments only, because service argument trustworthiness, a factor influencing the effect of service arguments, varies across the combination of two types of arguments.Practical implicationsThis research helps home-sharing platform managers to understand how to facilitate transaction success through displaying different review arguments needed by consumers. Additionally, the dual role of communication arguments emphasizes a necessity for hosts to encourage positive communication arguments and provide additional cues on the facility service quality.Originality/valueThe service arguments and communication arguments in home-sharing reviews are distinguished, and their distinct roles in consumers' purchase intention have been uncovered.