bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap in Common Ground When Talking about Voices
Authors: Deamer Felicity 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Voices in Psychosis transcripts capture voice-hearers’ efforts to express their experiences. This chapter suggests that these voice-hearers are in a tricky linguistic predicament. Talking about our experiences is grounded, among other things, in the assumption that others have similar experiences to us (a specific instance of a general principle of communication known as ‘grounding’). When it comes to voice-hearing, this assumption does not hold. How is this gap in common ground bridged? One might think that the use of metaphor and other figurative forms (like simile) is one way of doing so. However, in these transcripts, large numbers of metaphors are not seen. This chapter explores why this might be the case.
Silences in First-Person Accounts of Voice-Hearing
Authors: Semino Elena , Collins Luke , Demjén Zsófia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes a linguistic approach to the Voices in Psychosis interviews. It shows how a computer-aided linguistic analysis of the complete set of interviews reveals an unusually high frequency of negation. The chapter then focuses specifically on references to speech not taking place, and identifies four main types of descriptions of ‘silences’ in the interviews: silent ‘voices’; the voice-hearer being silent about the voices; the voice-hearer being silenced by the voices; and the voice-hearer being silent with the voices. The chapter links these four types of silences to broader issues to do with social relationships, control, and the phenomenology of voice-hearing.
Remembering Voices
Authors: Fernyhough Charles 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A key focus of the Hearing the Voice Phenomenological Interview is the question of when participants’ voices started. This chapter explores some of the implications of asking about the onset of voices, and some of the processes that might be involved in giving an autobiographical account of hallucinations. Drawing on accounts of remembered voices in the Voices in Psychosis transcripts, the chapter examines factors, including age of voice onset, social relational context, voice content, and emotional valence. There are reasons to believe that at least some trauma-related voices are, like autobiographical memories, reconstructive processes, and studying accounts of voice-hearing in light of their demands on memory might be instructive in understanding why some voices are distressing.
The Subjective-Objective Collapse Model
Authors: Okon Elias , Sebastián Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe idea that “consciousness causes the collapse of the wave function” has never been popular among physicists. The main reason being that the alleged interaction makes the resulting theory mysterious and in tension with physicalism. The Subjective-Objective Collapse (SOC) model attends these worries. SOC is an objective collapse model where the collapse operator depends upon a physical property that either is identical to consciousness or perfectly correlates with it. This allows the construction of an empirically adequate model of the evolution of the wave function in which the collapse depends on consciousness. This paper reviews the SOC model, discusses its advantages and evaluates its commitments and challenges.
Perception Constraints on Mass-Dependent Spontaneous Localization
Authors: Kent Adrian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome versions of quantum theory treat wave function collapse as a fundamental physical phenomenon to be described by explicit laws. One motivation is to find a consistent unification of quantum theory and gravity, in which collapse prevents superpositions of space-times from developing. Another is to invoke collapse to explain our perception of definite measurement outcomes. Combining these motivations while avoiding two different collapse postulates seems to require that perceptibly different physical states necessarily create significantly different mass distributions in our organs of perception or brains. This chapter notes problems with earlier analyses which cast some doubt on the claim that there are collapse model parameters consistent with known experiment that imply collapse times within the human eye fast enough to be consistent with our perceptions.
Quantum Mechanics and the Consciousness Constraint
Authors: Goff Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that wave function monism – a popular theory of the ontology of quantum mechanics – cannot be true, on the grounds that its truth is inconsistent with the reality of consciousness. According to wave function monism, fundamental physical reality consists of a complex-valued field in a high-dimensional space. Building on a specific analysis of the grounding relationship, this chapter bolsters the challenge faced by wave function monism in accounting for ordinary physical objects, before arguing that its failure to account for ordinary physical objects entails a failure to account for consciousness. The argument does not assume either a materialist or an anti-materialist view of consciousness.
Against “Experience”
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJust as Bell proposed that we excise the word “measurement” from physics, so I propose that we should excise the word “experience”: “experience” and its cognates should not appear in the formulation of any physical theory, including quantum mechanics and its various interpretations. The reasons are more or less the same as Bell gives for “measurement”: “experience” is a vague term, and experiencing systems are made out of atoms obeying quantum mechanics. Bell’s exhortation concerning “measurement” has largely been taken on board in the foundations of quantum mechanics. But appeals to “experience” remain—in part, I will argue, because of a bad argument that can be traced back to von Neumann, and in part because of mistaken impressions about the fundamentality of experience.
Food and Sleep
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the problems of food insecurity and disrupted sleep that are regular features in the lives of families confronting multiple ecological adversities. The chapter reviews some basic research findings concerning the prevalence of food insecurity and the role of housing instability, poverty, changes in the social safety net, and neighborhood effects as risk factors for food insecurity. The effects of food insecurity on family life, parenting, intellectual functioning and development, and mood are reviewed. The problem of disrupted sleep and findings related to sleep disparities between more and less advantaged populations are discussed as an additional challenge to children’s physiological well-being, learning, and frustration tolerance. Disrupted sleep and food insecurity are viewed as both burdens in their own right and amplifiers of the effects of other forms of adversity.
Introduction
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bands, choirs, and orchestras are ubiquitous—they exist virtually everywhere. For the most part, these groups have come to be known as the primary mode that students experience music at the secondary level. Similarly, elementary school classrooms feature approaches by Orff, Kodály, Dalcroze, and Music Learning Theory, among a host of others. These secondary offerings and elementary music approaches have been very successful for hosts of teachers and students across North America and abroad. Procedures exist for assessing quality in these offerings, and teachers work diligently year after year after year trying to master their craft in those ways of working and doing. This chapter describes the next step in teaching, in which music teachers act like music producers in the classroom.
The Room(s)
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thinking about your room—how it looks and, more importantly, how it feels—is an essential piece of the puzzle of turning your classroom into a center for musical creativities. Creative spaces reflect the intersection between the highly personal and the highly professional. As a place where your students are going to do their best creative work, your classroom should balance functionality and culturally defined inspiration. This chapter discusses how a creative music room should be set up to allow you to go about your day with minimal friction in workflow. It considers how instrument storage, lighting, and furnishing can be used to create the right frame of mind.
Gear Considerations and Acoustics
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is about live performance gear and acoustic considerations. It is meant to be an extension in some ways from what was covered in Chapter 5. The reader is encouraged to think about gear and acoustic considerations as they relate specifically to marshaling a cast and crew of supporters in live music performance. The responsibilities of different roles involved in live performance are considered, and examples of the necessary gear are described, including PA systems, microphones, and other stage gear. The chapter ends with an outline of the basics of acoustics as they apply to live audio engineering.
Classroom as Recording Studio
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A lot can be learned about how to function as a producer in your classroom by studying the working lives of professional producers. In these classrooms, the role of live engineer intersects with the role of teacher. This chapter revisits some of the themes that were mentioned in the first chapter regarding the roles necessary to nurturing the task of turning the music classroom into a studio where student music can be made and recorded. These include creative prompt, arranger, audio engineer, copyist, lyricist, improviser, and manager. Each of these is expanded upon in turn, with a focus on understanding the role of “play” as a vehicle for exploration.
Understanding the Challenge
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book explores the challenges and opportunities of legal pluralism in general and with specific attention to post-conflict settings. The opening chapter introduces the concepts of post-conflict state-building, legal pluralism, and the rule of law and argues that there is an urgent need for a more nuanced approach. First, it introduces the case studies of Afghanistan and Timor-Leste before presenting the research questions, research design, and central terminology. Next, it addresses why legal pluralism matters for state-building, democratization, and the rule of law. To date, legal pluralism has often been seen a monolith. This book proposes four new legal-pluralism archetypes that more accurately capture the range of potential relationships between state and non-state authorities. These archetypes can improve our understanding of legal pluralism and its consequences as well as the design and implementation of strategies, policies, and programs. Finally, the methodological approach, use of sources, and data collection are explained.
From Competition to Cooperation
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains Timor-Leste’s unexpected success advancing a democratic state bound by the rule of law in a way that engaged constructively with non-state justice authorities. It has three parts. In the first, state and non-state legal mechanisms under Portuguese and Indonesian colonial rule are discussed to show that, historically, non-state justice competed with state authorities. The second part examines judicial state-building from 1999 to 2012. It illustrates how the Timorese state co-opted non-state judicial systems to promote democratization and the rule of law. Competitive elections have simultaneously helped to translate the political legitimacy garnered from the struggle for independence into state authority at the national level and to root local authority in democratic choice. The third section shows that Timor-Leste’s leaders have generally displayed a normative commitment to following the law both in their actions and in institutional design, which has built a cooperative relationship with non-state justice authorities that promotes the rule of law.
Conclusion
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Non-state justice can have major implications for governance, the rule of law, and even whether peace endures. Thus, the various forms of legal pluralism and their consequences need to be better understood. Conflict between state and non-state justice is not inevitable. Even legal orders with significant divergence in normative values can work cooperatively. But this constructive relationship is not guaranteed, even if the state receives substantial international assistance. The case studies highlight that where non-state authorities retain meaningful autonomy and authority, it is vital that state officials are committed to constructing a legitimate and, ideally, democratic state underpinned by the rule of law; that there is a credible and sustained effort to develop institutions that promote democratic accountability, inclusiveness, and the rule of law; and that state officials exhibit willingness to engage and collaborate with key non-state authorities, who in turn must be open to the democratic state-building project.
The Transmission and Reception of Courtly Love Poetry in Late Folksong Settings by Johannes Brahms, Friedrich Wilhelm Arnold, and Wilhelm Tappert
Authors: Terrigno Loretta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes Brahms’s folksong settings “Ach Gott, wie weh thut Scheiden” and “Mir ist ein schöns brauns Maidelein” (WoO 33, Nos. 17 and 24), and sheds light on Brahms’s comparison of a range of sixteenth- through nineteenth-century sources for their texts and melodies. In contrast with collections by F. M. Böhme (published in 1877 and 1893−1894) that obscured the transmission of these poems and melodies, Brahms carefully untangled their provenance and reacted to other nineteenth-century arrangements, as suggested by his annotations in personal copies of Forster’s Frische teutsche Liedlein (1539−1556), Arnold’s Deutsche Volkslieder aus alter und neuer Zeit (ca. 1860−1870), Tappert’s 12 alte deutsche Lieder (1867), and the Deutsche Lieder mit ihren Original-Weisen by Kretzschmer and Zuccalmaglio (1838−1840). After this thorough research, Brahms combined modern melodic variants with courtly love poetry in WoO 33, creating new musical arrangements that express longing, separation, and fidelity in the text.
Joachim and Brahms in the Spring and Summer of 1853
Authors: Uhde Katharina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers Joseph Joachim’s formative influence on Brahms between April and July 1853, seeking to depolarize the long-established dichotomy between Joachim and Eduard Reményi—the other young violinist known to Brahms at this time. By pointing to the three musicians’ shared style hongrois endeavors, a more realistic image of Joachim crystallizes, who was himself at a turning point and only just beginning to consolidate his persona as a “serious” performer for which he is best known today. Performing with Reményi in fact elicited two Hungarian sketches in Brahms’s hand, and even after Reményi and Brahms had parted company, Brahms continued to make use of the style hongrois, including in a surviving birthday composition for Joachim from July 1853. Joachim’s friendship with Brahms began a new chapter in both musicians’ lives, but our understanding of Brahms’s early artistry is richer for due acknowledgment also of Reményi’s important influence.
Aquinas’s Summa Theologica
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Thomas Aquinas’s attempt to prove the existence of God from experience. The first section introduces Thomas Aquinas and places him in his historical context. The second section explains why Aquinas thinks that God’s existence is self-evident in itself but not self-evident to us. The third section explains why Aquinas thinks that God’s existence can be demonstrated. The fourth section considers the first step in Aquinas’s argument from motion, the premise that things are moved or changed. The fifth section looks at the second step in Aquinas’s argument from motion, the premise that there cannot be an infinite series of moved movers. The sixth section examines Aquinas’s conclusion that an unmoved mover—God—must exist. The final section briefly highlights Aquinas’s argument from design.
Spinoza’s Ethics
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Baruch Spinoza’s substance monism and its implications for his thinking about the nature of God. The first section introduces Spinoza, his life, and his works. The second section presents Spinoza’s substance monism, that is, his view that there is only one substance and that that one substance may be identified with God. The third section explores Spinoza’s central argument in support of substance monism. The fourth section looks at the implications of Spinoza’s substance monism, and, in particular, examines Spinoza’s identification of God with nature. It asks the question whether Spinoza should be read as an atheist or as “a man drunk on God.”
Spinoza’s Ethics
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Spinoza’s understanding of goodness and its relation to his understanding of God. The first section presents two apparently contradictory accounts of goodness suggested by Spinoza’s writings. One account suggests that we simply call those things that we pursue and desire “good.” The other account suggests that when we evaluate things, we first form a standard or model and then compare those things to be evaluated to that model. Things that fit the model well we call “good.” Things that don’t fit the model well we call “bad.” The second section explores Spinoza’s commitment to egoism—that is, the doctrine that we should act only in our own self-interest. Finally, the third section takes up the question of the relationship between morality and theism, asking if we can be morally good even if God doesn’t exist.
Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores David Hume’s thinking about the argument from design as well as contemporary responses to design arguments. The first section introduces Hume, his life, and his works. The second section looks at some of the debates within Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion over the limits of human reason. The third section looks at Cleanthes’s first design argument in the Dialogues. This argument suggests that the existence of an intelligent deity can be proved by experience and analogical reasoning. The fourth section looks at Cleanthes’s second design argument. This argument presses the idea that belief in an intelligent, designing god is natural and can be resisted only by embracing skepticism. The final section examines a contemporary version of the design argument.
Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Nietzsche’s views on religious morality. The first section briefly introduces Nietzsche’s life and works. The second section presents three big ideas in his On the Genealogy of Morality. The third section discusses Nietzsche’s proposed genealogy of values. The fourth section discusses Nietzsche’s idea that, over the course of history, our moral values have become inverted. The fifth section looks at Nietzsche’s suggestion that this inversion has, in some ways, left us worse off. The final section looks more generally at recent philosophical work on genealogical debunking arguments. Such arguments suggest that some of our most cherished beliefs are held for reasons not connected with their truth.
Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates Nietzsche’s views on ascetic ideals and nihilism. The first section examines the meaning of ascetic ideals themselves. The second section sketches what Nietzsche sees as the paradox of ascetic ideals. The third section distinguishes between what Nietzsche sees as inevitable suffering due to the human condition and our apathy or exhaustion in the face of human suffering. The fourth and fifth sections set out Nietzsche’s argument that ascetic ideals have been recurrent in human history and religion because they have promised to give meaning to human suffering. The sixth section then explicates Nietzsche’s view that the widespread acceptance of traditional religion is due to the fact that it has been the only solution offered to the threat of nihilism. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of Nietzsche’s doctrine of “the eternal recurrence.”
Population Growth
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
If birth rates exceed death rates, populations can rapidly grow. A model—defined here as a mathematical description of a biological process—is essential to understand how populations increase and decrease. Because intuition most often fails us and because the assumptions are clearly stated, predictions from models are precise. This chapter introduces the first of two models presented in this book, that of the exponential growth equation (the second model, the logistic equation, is presented in Chapter 3). The per capita growth rate, r, is the essential parameter of the exponential. The per capita growth rate multiplied by population size quantifies the rate at which a population is increasing at a given time. It is often written as a percentage increase over a time interval (e.g., the human population increased by r = 1.05% last year), an approximation that is valid when the population increase over the interval is less than about 10%. The value of the model is illustrated by the early spread of HIV, which used the exponential equation to conclude that the virus was not easily transmitted.
Human Population Growth
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The number of people in the world human is enormous—7.8 billion at the end of 2021—and we are adding 200,000 people a day: world population has more than doubled since 1970. The history of how this happened is described, starting with agricultural developments of about 10,000 years ago, moving through agricultural exchanges and increased mechanization in the eighteenth century to improvements in human health from the 1950s. Human population size increased the most rapidly in 1988 but is now growing more slowly, as a result of the declining fertility rate from 5 children/woman in the 1960s to less than 2.5 children/woman in 2020. This decline is itself attributed to growth in wealth and education. The United Nations Population Division reports a 50% probability that we will have added 2 billion more people by 2050 and an additional 1 billion by the end of the century, when the human population will be on the verge of declining, reflecting a continuing decline in fertility.