bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-quantitative risk evaluation reveals drivers of African swine fever virus in smallholder pig farms and gaps in biosecurity, Tanzania
Authors: Fasina Folorunso O. , Mtui-Malamsha Niwael , Nonga Hezron E. , Ranga Svetlana , Sambu Rosamystica M. , Majaliwa Jerome , Kamani Enos , Okuthe Sam , Kivaria Fredrick , Bebay Charles , Penrith Mary-Louise 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has remained persistent in Tanzania since the early 2000. Between 2020 and 2021, twelve districts in Tanzania were infected with ASF, and ≥ 4,804 pigs reportedly died directly due to the disease with disruption to livelihoods. We conducted semi-quantitative field investigations and rapid risk assessment (RRA) to understand the risk factors and drivers of ASF virus (ASFv) amplification and transmission in smallholder pig farms, and determine the gaps in biosecurity through hazard profiling, focused group discussions and experts’ opinions. Outbreaks were connected by road and aligned along the pig product value chain and reported in the northern, central and southern parts of Tanzania. The patterns of outbreaks and impacts differed among districts, but cases of ASF appeared to be self-limiting following significant mortality of pigs in farms. Movement of infected pigs, movement of contaminated pig products and fomites associated with service providers, vehicles, and equipment, as well as the inadvertent risks associated with movements of animal health practitioners, visitors and scavengers were the riskiest pathways to introduce ASFv into smallholder pig farms. Identified drivers and facilitators of risk of ASFv infection in smallholder pig farms were traders in whole pigs, middlemen, pig farmers, transporters, unauthorized animal health service providers and the traders in pork. All identified pig groups were susceptible to ASFv, particularly among shared adult boars, pregnant and lactating sows and adult female. The risk of ASF for smallholder pig farms in Tanzania remains very high based on a systematic risk classification. Majority of the farms poorly implemented biosecurity and no single farm implemented all the identified biosecurity measures. Risky practices and breach of biosecurity in the pig value chain in Tanzania are profit-driven and are extremely difficult to change. Behavioural change communication must target identified drivers of infections, attitudes and practices.
Dapagliflozin improves early diabetic nephropathy by downregulating PPP2R2A and CXCL12/S100A13 through ROS- dependent
Authors: Suhong Wang , Maoguang Yang , Yan Cheng , Lili Ning , Mo Li , Yan Yan , Hong Shen , Hanqing Cai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and dapagliflozin, a representative drug of sodium-glucose co-transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), is a novel hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which has been shown to reverse microalbuminuria in early type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), but the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this study, five patients with early T2DN treated in our hospital from October 2020 to May 2021 were selected for the study and were treated with insulin combined with dapagliflozin to lower glucose, and the initial insulin treatment was named as DN group, and the addition of dapagliflozin was named as DN-DAPA group, and another five patients with a healthy physical examination at the same period were selected as the blank control group (NC group). Patients' morning urine samples were collected and processed using iTRAQ unlabeled quantitative proteomics technology. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to obtain 193 differentially expressed proteins. 91 expressions were up-regulated and 72 expressions were down-regulated in the DN group compared with the NC group, and 11 expressions were up-regulated and 26 expressions were down-regulated in the DN-DAPA group compared with the DN group. Five significantly co-expressed protein molecules were screened at P < 0.05 and [logFC] >1.5: SOD1, SLC25A6, S100A13, PPP2R2A, CXCL12. Therefore, these differential proteins are associated with early T2DN injury. Molecularly, dapagliflozin improves mitochondrial oxidative stress and reduces urinary microalbumin excretion in early T2DN patients by inhibiting PPP2R2A and CXCL12/ S100A13 pathways to reverse early T2DN.
The efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation centrifugal plasma exchange is equivalent to those of systemic heparin anticoagulation membrane plasma exchange in patients with liver failure: a single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Xin-Fang , Li Jia-Qiang , Liu Tian-Tian , Wang Yuan , Zhong Yao , Gao Qin-Mei , Zhang Qi , Yu Kang-Kang , Huang Chong , Li Ning , Lu Qin , Zhang Wen-Hong , Zhang Ji-Ming , Xia Rong , Zheng Jian-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to compare with the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation centrifugal plasma exchange and systemic heparin anticoagulation membrane plasma exchange in patients with liver failure.Methods: This study was a single center and retrospective study. All enrolled liver failure patients were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. The patients treated by regional citrate anticoagulation centrifugal plasma exchange were defined as RCA group and those treated by systemic heparin anticoagulation membrane plasma exchange were defined as heparin group, respectively. Survival and clinical characteristics, including patients’ age, gender, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio, platelet count, types of liver failure, arterial blood gas analysis, the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Survival analyses of two groups and subgroups classified by MELD score were performed by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by the log-rank test.Results: There were 69 patients enrolled in this study, 51 patients in RCA group and 18 patients in heparin group respectively. In overall patients, the 28-day mortality rate was 41% in RCA group and 39% in heparin group (P > 0.05). The 90-day mortality rate was 59% in RCA group and 50% in heparin group (P > 0.05). MELD best-fit value is 30, and area under the ROC curve is 0.7208 in the transplantation free patients with liver failure in both RCA group and heparin group. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the two groups.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation centrifugal plasma exchange is equivalent to those of systemic heparin anticoagulation membrane plasma exchange in patients with liver failure. RCA plasma exchange at an interval of 48 hours in patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure may be an effective in reducing the occurrence of the complication of citrate accumulation. RCA centrifugal plasma exchange treatment can achieve a good prognosis and well tolerance, especially in MELD < 30 liver failure patients.
Non-invasive High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Inhibiting Respiratory Motion in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Zhang Yanshan , Lia Xiaojun , Zhang Yihe , Ye Yancheng , Jen Yee-Min , Pan Xin , Li Xiaowei , Qin Tianyan , Li Pengqing , Lv Caixia , Qi Ying , Wang Xin , Yang Yuling , Ma Tong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective:
Precision radiotherapy needs to manage organ movements to prevent critical organ injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of motion control of the lung by suppressing respiratory motion. The non-invasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation (NIHFOV) is a technique commonly used in the protection of lung for patients with acute lung disease. By using a very high respiratory frequency and a low tidal volume, NIHFOV allows gas exchange, maintains a constant mean airway pressure and minimizes the respiratory movements. We tested healthy volunteers NIHFOV to explore the optimal operational parameter setting and the best possible motion suppression achievable, in the setting of radiotherapy.
Materials and methods:
This study was conducted with the approval of Institutional Review Boards of the Wuwei Cancer hospital (approval number:2021-39) and carried out in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki.The study comprises two parts. Twenty three healthy volunteers participated in the first part of the study. They had 7 sessions of training with the NIHFOV. The duration of uninterrupted, continuous breathing under the NIHFOV and the optimal operational machine settings were defined. Eight healthy volunteers took part in the second part of the study and underwent 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) scanning with and without NIHFOV. Their respiratory waveform under free breathing (FB) and NIHFOV were recorded. The maximum range of motion of the diaphragm from the two scannings was compared, and the variation of bilateral lung volume was obtained to evaluate the impact of NIHFOV technique on lung volume.The following data were collected: comfort score, transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen ( PtcO2), transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide( PtcCO2), and pulse rate. Data with and without NIHFOV were compared to evaluate its safety, physiological impacts and effect of lung movement suppression.
Results:
All the volunteers completed the training sessions eventlessly, demonstrating a good tolerability of the procedure. The median NIHFOV-on time was 32 minutes (22–45), and the maximum range of motion (MRM) in the cephalic-caudal direction was significantly reduced on NIHFOV compared with FB (1.8±0.8cm vs 0.3 ±0.1cm, t=-3.6, 0,P = 0.003); the median range of motion was only 0.3 ± 0.1cm on NIHFOV with a good reproducibility. The variation coefficient of the right lung volume was 2.4% under NIHFOV, and the variation coefficient of the left lung volume was 9.2%.
Logarithmic Merkle and Post Quantum Iot Based Big Data Healthcare Analysis Using Blockchain
Authors: Sivaprakasam Manikandan , Amalraj Pushpa Vinu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The predominant responsibilities carried out all over the data life cycle, including data acquiring, processing, retrieval, and storage, have described the data management. Blockchain technology assists all of these data management procedures. Blockchain-based data management is outlined in healthcare to provide patients dominance over their data. Their consent permits patients and hospital authorities to control who has access to their data and track who has accessed it. For data processing, intelligent contracts-based data-processing-friendly architecture had designed. Finally, as far as data storage is concerned, data storage time, accuracy, and energy consumption remain the primary concern to be focused and this work proposes a novel method called Logarithmic Merkle Quantum-based Legendre Quadratic (LMQ-LQ) IoT-generated healthcare extensive data analysis using Blockchain. The LMQ-LQ process splits into four sections: First, a peer-to-peer network constructs using Blockchain Logarithmic Merkle Tree. Second, the distributed ledger form using the Post Quantum function with the constructed tree. Third, Legendre Quadratic Residue's consensus mechanism design with valid IoT-generated big data. Finally, an intelligent contract model shoots up automatically upon the execution of a transaction. The performance results of the proposed LMQ-LQ IoT generated healthcare extensive data analysis using Blockchain are evaluated in terms of data storage time, data storage accuracy, and energy consumption, respectively.
Increased warm water intrusions could cause mass loss in East Antarctica within 200 years
Authors: Jordan James , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Jenkins Adrian , Stokes Chris R , Miles Bertie , Jamieson Stewart 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is currently surrounded by relatively cool water, but climatic shifts have the potential to increase basal melting via intrusions of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) onto the continental shelf. Here we use an ice sheet model to show that under the current ocean regime, with only limited intrusions of mCDW, the EAIS will likely gain mass over the next 200 years due to the increased precipitation from a warming atmosphere outweighing increased ice discharge due to ice-shelf melting. However, if the ocean regime were to become dominated by greater mCDW intrusions, the EAIS would begin to lose mass after 200 years, with George V Land being particularly affected. We also find that a moderate warming scenario is likely to result in a more negative mass balance than an extreme warming scenario, as the relative difference between increased precipitation and ice discharge is greater in the moderate warming case.
Construction of proliferation-related lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhuang Xingxing , Zhang Weifeng , Liu Tao , Wei Liangbing , Guo Yanyan , Gao Jiarong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lately, researches on lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network have been the hotspots, the present study explored the functional roles and regulatory networks of lncRNAs in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The proliferation ability of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) induced by different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected with CCK-8 assay and RNA-seq was performed to study differentially expressed lncRNAs in LPS-induced GMCs. According to the sequencing results, 6 lncRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Furthermore, lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed to examine the role and mechanism of proliferation-related lncRNAs. To reveal the biological functions of lncRNAs, GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis were we performed on all mRNAs involed in lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and ceRNA network. Finally, 1532 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 594 upregulated lncRNAs and 938 downregulated lncRNAs were screened out by RNA-seq. The results of RT-qPCR validation were consistent with RNA-seq result. The lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network, including 236 lncRNAs and 556 mRNAs and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, including 6 lncRNAs, 18 miRNAs, and 419 mRNAs were successfully constructed. The GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that those lncRNAs were mainly related to inflammatory response and substance metabolism. This study first identified key proliferation-related lncRNAs in LPS-induced GMCs, and further revealed a global view of lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network involved in CGN. Our findings offered novel insights into the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of CGN and provided promising diagnostic biomarkers.
Clinical Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases: A Minimum 6-year Follow-up
Authors: Tang Jin , Li Ying , Wu Congjun , Xie Wei , Li Xugui , Gan Xuewen , Lu Qilin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Transforaminal Endoscopic Lmbar Discectomy (TELD) is widely applied for lumbar degenerative disease(LDD) and satisfactory short-term outcomes have been achieved. However, the mid-term and long-term follow-up of this technique is still lacking.Objective: To retrospectively analyze the mid-term clinical efficacy of TELD for single-level LDD with a minimum of 6-year follow-up.Methods: 75 patients with single-level LDD (lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis) who underwent TELD in our department from December 2014 to December 2015 were observed.Visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association evaluation treatment (JOA) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were calculated and compared before operation, 3 months after operation, 6 months after operation, 1 year after operation and at the last follow-up. Disc Height (DH), disc range of motion (ROM) and disc degeneration on standard lumbar lateral radiographs before operation and at the last follow-up were determined. Recurrence rate and operation-related complications during follow-up were recorded.Results: 64 cases were included and followed up for 6.4±0.1 years. There were no complications such as infection, epidural hematoma and nerve root injury. There were significant differences in VAS, JOA, ODI between preoperative and postoperative 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and last follow-up (P < 0 01), VAS, JOA, ODI at 3 months after operation were different from 6 months after operation (P < 0 05), and there were significant differences compared with preoperative, 1 year after operation and last follow up (P < 0 01). VAS, JOA and ODI at 6 months after operation were significantly different from those before operation (P < 0.01), but not significantly different from those at 1 year after operation and the last follow-up (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in DH,ROM and the Pfirrmann grade of intervertebral disc preoperative and the last follow-up. During the follow-up period, 3 patients (4.69%) were recurrent, 1 patient (1.67%) found dural rupture and cauda equina hernia, 13 patients (20.31%) had various degrees of POD, and 3 patients (4.69%) had various degrees of muscle weakness.Conclusion: TELD has a satisfactory mid-term efficacy, and has no significant effect on the DH, the stability of the intervertebral disc space, or on intervertebral disc degeneration. However, as expected, TELD was associated with some complications including recurrent disc herniation and POD.
Actinomyces ruminis sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from the rumen of cattle
Authors: Lanjekar Vikram B. , Hivarkar Sai Suresh , Vasudevan Gowdaman , Joshi Akshay , Dhakephalkar Prashant K. , Dagar Sumit Singh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strain; designated as CtC72T was isolated from the rumen of cattle. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 98.65% revealed the strain as a member of the genus Actinomyces, nearest to but distinct from Actinomyces qiguomingii DSM 106201T, Actinomyces ruminicola DSM 27982T, Actinomyces procaprae JCM 33484T, Actinomyces succiniciruminis TISTR 2317, Actinomyces glycerinitolerans TISTR 2318. The low values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization (<70%) and average nucleotide identity (<95%) further highlighted the distinctive nature of strain CtC72T from its closest relatives. The strain CtC72T could grow at temperatures between 30-50°C (optimum 40°C), pH between 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.5-8.0), and NaCl between 0-1.5% (optimum 0%). The strain hydrolysed cellulose and xylan and utilised a range of mono-, di-, and oligo-saccharides as a source of carbon and energy. Glucose fermentation resulted in acetic acid and formic acid as major metabolic products, while propionic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol as minor products along with CO2 production. The DNA G+C content of strain CtC72T was 68.40 (mol%, wet lab), and 68.05 (%, digital). Major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were C16:0, C18:1 ω 9c, and C18:1 ω9c DMA. Based on this data, we propose that strain CtC72T be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces ruminis sp. nov., under the genus Actinomyces. The type strain is CtC72T (=KCTC 15726T=JCM 32641T=MCC 3500T).
Identification of Predominant Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated With Kunun-zaki and Kindirmo a Traditional Fermented Food of Nigeria
Authors: BAMGBOSE Timothy Oluwaseyi , Sinha Swati , Abdullahi Isa O. , Inabo Helen I. , Bello Mohammed , Kori Lokesh D. , Ametefe Elmer N. , Anvikar Anupkumar R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Human intestinal flora is very diverse; with lactic acid bacteria existing as part of the most vital gut microbes that improve host health. The application of lactic acid bacteria as a whole organism or its metabolite in the case of probiotic and bacteriocin respectively is extensive. Thus, the need to always bio-prospect for newer strains of lactic acid bacteria is essential. This study focused on isolating lactic acid bacteria from kunun-zaki and kindirmo, a fermented non-alcoholic beverage of non-dairy and dairy sources, explored their physiological and biochemical properties, antibiotics sensitivity pattern and identified based on their 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of eighty isolates were selected sixty-six from kunun-zaki and fourteen from kindirmo in which 93.7% were bacilli and 6.3% were spherical in shape having 68.75% and 30% homofermentative and heterofermentative pathway respectively. All isolates have the ability to utilize glucose to produce lactic acid while their tolerance to pH 3 and salt concentration at 2%, 4% and 6.5% varied widely. Thirty-four isolates based on their physiological and biochemical properties were selected for molecular identification to ascertain their genera and species. Limosilactobacillus fermentum (68%); Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (6%) and Weissella confusa (3%) were confirmed species isolated. Thus, it was concluded that traditional fermented foods such as kunun-zaki and kindirmo are a good source to bio-prospect for lactic acid bacteria for product development, starter culture and probiotic study.
Electron-phonon coupling and vibrational properties of size-selected linear carbon chains by resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Marabotti Pietro , Tommasini Matteo , Castiglioni Chiara , Serafini Patrick , Peggiani Sonia , Tortora Mariagrazia , Rossi Barbara , Bassi Andrea Li , Russo Valeria , Casari Carlo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of size-selected linear sp-carbon chains unveils vibrational overtones and combinations up to the fifth order. Thanks to the tunability of the synchrotron source, we excited each H-terminated polyyne (HCnH with n = 8,10,12) to the maxima of its vibronic absorption spectrum allowing us to precisely determine the electronic and vibrational structure of the ground and excited states for the main observed vibrational mode. Selected transitions are shown to enhance specific overtone orders in the Raman spectrum in a specific way that can be explained by a simple analytical model based on Albrecht’s theory of resonance Raman scattering. The determined Huang-Rhys factors indicate a strong and size-dependent electron-phonon coupling increasing with the sp-carbon chain length.
Three New Measures of Anisotropy of Cryo-EM Maps
Authors: Vilas Jose , Tagare Hemant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We propose three new measures of resolution anisotropy of single-particle Cryo-EM maps: Fourier Shell Anisotropy (FSO), Directional Resolution (DR), and the Bingham Test (BT). FSO is based on a new understanding the directional FSC statics. FSO evaluates anisotropy in each Fourier shell. FSO varies from 1 to 0, with 1 representing perfect isotropy and lower values indicating increasing anisotropy. DR is the directional analog of FSC resolution; it gives resolutions along different directions in Fourier space. BT is a hypothesis test from classical spherical statistics. It accepts or rejects the hypothesis that the reconstruction is isotropic in a given shell. All three measures are computationally efficient, and have no free parameters. We present a number of example reconstructions and their evaluations using the FSO and the Bingham Test.