bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspicuous coloration of toxin‐resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator–prey arms race
Authors: Hague Michael T. J. , Miller Lauren E. , Stokes Amber N. , Feldman Chris R. , Brodie Edmund D. , Brodie Edmund D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntagonistic coevolution between natural enemies can produce highly exaggerated traits, such as prey toxins and predator resistance. This reciprocal process of adaptation and counter‐adaptation may also open doors to other evolutionary novelties not directly involved in the phenotypic interface of coevolution. We tested the hypothesis that predator–prey coevolution coincided with the evolution of conspicuous coloration on resistant predators that retain prey toxins. In western North America, common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) have evolved extreme resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the coevolutionary arms race with their deadly prey, Pacific newts (Taricha spp.). TTX‐resistant snakes can retain large amounts of ingested TTX, which could serve as a deterrent against the snakes' own predators if TTX toxicity and resistance are coupled with a conspicuous warning signal. We evaluated whether arms race escalation covaries with bright red coloration in snake populations across the geographic mosaic of coevolution. Snake colour variation departs from the neutral expectations of population genetic structure and covaries with escalating clines of newt TTX and snake resistance at two coevolutionary hotspots. In the Pacific Northwest, bright red coloration fits an expected pattern of an aposematic warning to avian predators: TTX‐resistant snakes that consume highly toxic newts also have relatively large, reddish‐orange dorsal blotches. Snake coloration also seems to have evolved with the arms race in California, but overall patterns are less intuitively consistent with aposematism. These results suggest that interactions with additional trophic levels can generate novel traits as a cascading consequence of arms race coevolution across the geographic mosaic.
Linkages between Sphagnum metabolites and peatland CO2 uptake are sensitive to seasonality in warming trends
Authors: Sytiuk Anna , Hamard Samuel , Céréghino Régis , Dorrepaal Ellen , Geissel Honorine , Küttim Martin , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Tuittila Eeva Stiina , Jassey Vincent E. J. 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Plants produce a wide diversity of metabolites. Yet, our understanding of how shifts in plant metabolites as a response to climate change feedback on ecosystem processes remains scarce. Here, we test to what extent climate warming shifts the seasonality of metabolites produced by Sphagnum mosses, and what are the consequences of these shifts for peatland C uptake.

We used a reciprocal transplant experiment along a climate gradient in Europe to simulate climate change. We evaluated the responses of primary and secondary metabolites in five Sphagnum species and related their responses to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP).

When transplanted to a warmer climate, Sphagnum species showed consistent responses to warming, with an upregulation of either their primary or secondary metabolite according to seasons. Moreover, these shifts were correlated to changes in GEP, especially in spring and autumn.

Our results indicate that the Sphagnum metabolome is very plastic and sensitive to warming. We also show that warming‐induced changes in the seasonality of Sphagnum metabolites have consequences on peatland GEP. Our findings demonstrate the capacity for plant metabolic plasticity to impact ecosystem C processes and reveal a further mechanism through which Sphagnum could shape peatland responses to climate change.
Extranuclear auxin signaling: a new insight into auxin's versatility
Authors: Pérez‐Henríquez Patricio , Yang Zhenbiao 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAuxin phytohormone has a role in most aspects of the life of a land plant and is found even in ancient plants such as single‐cell green algae. Auxin's ubiquitous but specific effects have been mainly explained by the extraordinary ability of plants to interpret spatiotemporal patterns of auxin concentrations via the regulation of gene transcription. This is thought to be achieved through the combinatorial effects of two families of nuclear coreceptor proteins, that is the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 and AUXIN‐SIGNALING F‐BOX (TIR1/AFB) and AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID. Recent evidence has suggested transcription‐independent roles of TIR1/AFBs localized outside the nucleus and TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE (TMK)‐based auxin signaling occurring in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, emerging evidence supports a coordinated action of the intra‐ and extranuclear auxin signaling pathways to regulate specific auxin responses. Here, we highlight how auxin signaling acts inside and outside the nucleus for the regulation of growth and morphogenesis and propose that the future direction of auxin biology lies in the elucidation of a new collaborative paradigm of intra‐ and extranuclear auxin signaling.
Exploring a case of incompatibility in a complex regimen containing Plasma‐Lyte 148 in the pediatric intensive care
Authors: Nilsson Niklas , Nguyen Vivian , Nezvalova‐Henriksen Katerina , Tho Ingunn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the local pediatric intensive care unit, precipitation was observed in the intravenous catheter upon co‐administration of four drugs together with the buffered electrolyte solution (Plasma‐Lyte 148, Baxter). Co‐infusion of incompatible combinations represents a safety concern.AimsTo reproduce the clinical case of precipitation. To further explore and understand the risk of precipitation, different combinations of the components as well as the corresponding electrolyte solution with 5% glucose (Plasma‐Lyte 148 with 5% glucose) should be investigated.MethodsPhysical compatibility of fentanyl, ketamine, midazolam, and potassium chloride was tested in combination with the buffered electrolyte solutions. The concentrations and infusion rates representative of children 10–40 kg were used to estimate mixing ratios. Analyses detecting visual particles (Tyndall beam) and sub‐visual particles (light obscuration technology) were undertaken. Measured turbidity and pH in mixed samples were compared with unmixed controls.ResultsBoth midazolam and ketamine showed formation of visual and sub‐visual particles upon mixing with Plasma‐Lyte 148, respectively. Particle formation was confirmed by increased turbidity and a distinct Tyndall effect. pH in mixed samples mirrored the pH of the buffered electrolyte, suggesting that the solubility limits of midazolam, and in some ratios also ketamine, were exceeded. Midazolam also precipitated in combination with the glucose‐containing product that held a lower pH, more favorable for keeping midazolam dissolved.ConclusionsReplication of the case revealed that both midazolam and ketamine contributed to the precipitation. Midazolam and ketamine were both evaluated as incompatible with the buffered electrolyte solution and midazolam also with the buffered electrolyte‐glucose solution and should not be co‐administered in the same i.v.‐catheter line. Fentanyl and potassium chloride were interpreted as compatible with both buffered electrolytes.
Innovation in the Norwegian aquaculture industry
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Asche Frank , Misund Bård , Thorvaldsen Trine , Tveteras Ragnar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal aquaculture production has grown very rapidly in recent decades. This is largely due to a number of innovations that has increased the control with the production process and competitiveness. These innovations come in a number of forms from radical new concepts to knowledge adaption from the terrestrial food production system. While there exist a number of studies investigating the impact of specific innovations, there are few studies that take a larger perspective on how innovations over time impacts an aquaculture industry or the innovation system that support these innovations. In this paper we review the innovation process in Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry from its infancy in 1970 until present. Of particular interest is the increasing complexity of the industry, and how most innovations are conducted by suppliers and not the aquaculture producers themselves. The insights are also of general interest in global aquaculture as salmon is among the species with the most advanced production technologies, but also a species where innovations are adapted to other species also in very different production systems.
The effect of progesterone injection combined with prostaglandineF2α, GnRH and hCG administrations on the pregnancy and lambing rate of lactating and non‐lactating fat‐tailed ewes during the breeding season
Authors: Mirzaei Abdolah , Javidi Mohammad , Boostani Alidad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective was to compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) on the pregnancy and lambing rate of treated ewes with a short‐term progesterone (P4) injection during the breeding season. In Exp 1, non‐lactating ewes (n = 158) were used and received P4, three times every 48 h and received PGF2α along with the last dose of P4. Ewe received hCG (n = 79, 3PHCG, IM) or GnRH (n = 79, 3PGnRH, IM) 24 h after the last dose of P4 treatment. In the Exp 2, lactating ewes (n = 62) received P4 and hCG (n = 24, 3PHCG) or GnRH (n = 24, 3PGnRH) similar to Exp 1, or considered as control (n = 14) and received PGF2α 48 h before ram release. Rams were released into the studied ewe's flock 24 h after the hCG or GnRH administration, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed on day 50 after ram release. In Exp 1, all reproductive indices were not significant between groups except twin lambing rate, that was higher in the 3PHCG (11.3%) compared with the 3PGnRH (1.9%) group (p = .05). There were no significant differences in overall pregnancy and lambing rates between 3PHCG (70.9% and 67.1%) and 3PGnRH (69.6% and 68.4%) groups (p > .05). In Exp 2, all reproductive parameters were not significant between 3PHCG and 3PGnRH groups (p > .05). There was significant difference in overall oestrous rate between control (35.7%) and treatment (3PHCG, 70.9% and 3PGnRH, 79.2%) groups. To conclude, administration of GnRH can be a good alternative to hCG injection under field conditions.
Inhibition of FGF receptor impairs primitive endoderm differentiation in bovine embryos
Authors: Santos Gabriel S. , Martins Matheus P. , Luedke Felipe E. , Tanaka Yuki , Carreiro Letícia E. , Mendes Camilla Mota , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe first cellular differentiation event in the pre‐implantation embryo results in the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). A second event occurs in the latter, resulting in the epiblast and the primitive endoderm (PE). This second differentiation is still not fully characterized in bovine development, although it is likely to involve FGF signalling. Thus, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation or inhibition of the FGF pathway during bovine embryo in vitro culture would only interfere with PE differentiation if maintained until later blastocyst stages. At first, we characterized the expression of PE marker SOX17 at different blastocyst stages. Then, we treated in vitro produced embryos during different windows of time: days 5.0–7.0 (D5–D7), D7–D9, and D5–D9 with 1 μg/ml FGF4 and 1 μg/ml heparin or 1 mM FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547. We observed that the SOX17‐positive cell number only increases in late‐stage blastocysts compared to early stages. Treatment of embryos with FGF4 did not change the number of SOX17‐positive cells, while inhibition of FGFR signalling reduced SOX17‐positive cells from D5–D7 and completely ablated SOX17 expression when kept until D9. In conclusion, FGFR inhibition repressed PE differentiation in bovine embryos at all time points, although stimulation with FGF4 did not interfere with PE cell numbers.
When Survey Science Met Web Tracking: Presenting an Error Framework for Metered Data
Authors: Bosch Oriol J. , Revilla Melanie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Metered data, also called web-tracking data, are generally collected from a sample of participants who willingly install or configure, onto their devices, technologies that track digital traces left when people go online (e.g., URLs visited). Since metered data allow for the observation of online behaviours unobtrusively, it has been proposed as a useful tool to understand what people do online and what impacts this might have on online and offline phenomena. It is crucial, nevertheless, to understand its limitations. Although some research have explored the potential errors of metered data, a systematic categorisation and conceptualisation of these errors are missing. Inspired by the Total Survey Error, we present a Total Error framework for digital traces collected with Meters (TEM). The TEM framework (1) describes the data generation and the analysis process for metered data and (2) documents the sources of bias and variance that may arise in each step of this process. Using a case study we also show how the TEM can be applied in real life to identify, quantify and reduce metered data errors. Results suggest that metered data might indeed be affected by the error sources identified in our framework and, to some extent, biased. This framework can help improve the quality of both stand-alone metered data research projects, as well as foster the understanding of how and when survey and metered data can be combined.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of the dense fine speckled pattern: Indirect immunofluorescence‐antinuclear antibody screening in the Chinese population
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Wang Rong , Luo Yueming , Li Siting , Bai Yina , Song Ning , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Hu Chaojun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of the dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern in a large‐scale cohort of Chinese patients. Data on the antinuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) autoantibody obtained from 165 498 patients who attended Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analysed. The prevalence of the DFS pattern was 1.14%, and it mainly appeared in young patients (≤24 years old). A higher positive rate of the DFS pattern was observed in patients with dermatosis (18.12%) and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) (13.53%). The DFS pattern titre was mostly low or medium (≤1:160). A higher titre was associated with an increased risk of SARDs (p < .001), dermatosis (p = .015) and pulmonary disease (p = .016). In 37 patients with ENA autoantibody positivity, anti‐SSA antibody was the most common (2.55%). If the low titre (<1:160) or the DFS pattern with negative ENA autoantibody were to be used as exclusion criteria for SARDs, the diagnosis would have been missed in 42 or 77 patients, respectively. The prevalence of the DFS pattern was low in ANA test samples and was more common in patients with dermatosis and SARDs, but the titre was usually higher in patients with SARDs. There was no evidence that the DFS pattern could be used as an exclusion criterion for SARDs diagnosis. The DFS pattern was associated with certain pathological states, which may inform the clinical significance of the DFS pattern.
Physical activity, sedentary time, and fitness in relation to brain shapes in children with overweight/obesity: Links to intelligence
Authors: Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Migueles Jairo H. , Verdejo‐Román Juan , Erickson Kirk I. , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Catena Andrés , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the association between physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness with the shapes of subcortical brain structures in children with overweight/obesity. Further, we analyzed whether differences in the shapes of subcortical brain structures were related to intelligence. We hypothesized that those children with higher physical activity levels, lower sedentary time, and better fitness, would show greater expansion of the brain regions analyzed, and these expansions would be associated with higher intelligence.Study Design100 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 40 girls) were included in the analyses. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry, and physical fitness was evaluated by a fitness battery. Shapes of subcortical brain structures were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Intelligence was measured by the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence test.ResultsPhysical activity was related to expansion of the right/left pallidum, right/left putamen, and right thalamus (p < 0.05). Higher sedentary time was related to contraction of the left thalamus and right nucleus accumbens (p < 0.05). Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with expansion of the right amygdala (p = 0.022). Greater strength in the upper‐limb was related to expansion of the right/left pallidum and the left nucleus accumbens (p < 0.038), and contraction of the left amygdala (p = 0.030). Better speed‐agility was associated with expansion of the left nucleus accumbens (p = 0.036). Physical activity‐ and fitness‐related expansion of the right pallidum was associated with higher intelligence (all p < 0.05).ConclusionPhysical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness were significantly related to the shapes of subcortical brain structures, which in turn were related to intelligence in children with overweight/obesity.
Shaping the rise of brotherhood: Social, political, and economic contexts and the “Golden Age of Fraternalism”
Authors: Chamberlain Adam , Yanus Alixandra B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study seeks to investigate how social, political, and economic factors shaped demand for membership in three major federated fraternal orders in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Improved Order of Red Men.MethodsError‐correction, time‐series‐cross‐sectional models are estimated using state‐level data, with the first differences in total membership, new initiations, and suspensions serving as dependent variables.ResultsWe find evidence that railroads, urbanization, immigration, bank panics, and presidential election years all had significant effects on membership; those effects, however, varied by fraternal order.ConclusionThe demand for American fraternalism was affected by civil society, politics, and the economy in ways that scholars have not previously studied.
Pot‐bellied Vietnamese pig with visceral mast cell tumors and mastocytemia
Authors: Willey Abby M. , Baughman Brittany S. , Beam Jennifer M. , Mamaliger Nataly , Grissett Gretchen P. , Woolums Amelia R. , Williams Marjorie J. , Williams Matthew L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn approximately 12‐year‐old female Vietnamese Pot‐Bellied Pig was presented to the Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine Food Animal Service for anorexia of 2 days duration. On physical examination, the patient appeared depressed and lethargic with significantly pale mucus membranes, open mouth breathing, and nostril flaring. On abdominal palpation, the abdomen was tense and uncomfortable. A complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry profile were performed. The CBC revealed significant anemia and mild leukocytosis characterized by mild neutrophilia with a left shift. Mast cells were rarely observed. Hematocrit = 8.1% (RI 22‐50), RBC = 1.25 × 106/μL (RI 3.6‐7.8), WBC = 19.85 × 103/μL (RI 5.2‐17.9), Neutrophils = 15.08 × 103/μL (RI 0‐11.4), and Bands = 0.993 × 103/μL (RI 0‐0.019). The chemistry profile was unremarkable with a mildly elevated BUN and slightly decreased total protein and albumin (BUN = 39 mg/dL [RI 4.2‐15.1], total protein = 6.2 g/dL [RI 6.6‐8.9], and albumin = 2.5 g/dL [RI 3.6‐5.0]). An abdominal ultrasound revealed numerous hypoechoic nodules diffusely scattered throughout the hepatic parenchyma. An FNA of one of the hepatic nodules was performed. A mild suppurative component and numerous variably granulated mast cells were observed. A presumptive cytologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor was made. Histopathology was performed, confirming the cytologic interpretation.
A cross‐sectional study of haemolytic disease of the newborn in Uganda
Authors: Dhabangi Aggrey , Nankunda Jolly , Okaba Violet , Nakubulwa Sarah , Hume Heather A. , Dzik Walter H. , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHaemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is an immune haemolytic anaemia from maternal alloantibodies. Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) prophylaxis can prevent alloimmunization to the D antigen. However, RhIg is not universally available in Uganda. ABO incompatibility also causes HDN. We determined the prevalence of HDN among newborn infants with jaundice in Uganda.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Infants aged 0–14 days with neonatal jaundice (or total bilirubin >50 μmol/L) were enrolled. Clinical evaluation and laboratory testing, including ABO, RhD typing and maternal antibody screen, were performed.ResultsA total of 466 babies were enrolled. The mean (SD) age was 3.4 (1.5) days. Of newborn babies with jaundice, 17.2% (80/466) had HDN. Babies with HDN had lower haemoglobin (SD); 15.7 (2.7) compared with those without HDN; 16.4 (2.4) g/dL, p = 0.016; and a higher bilirubin (interquartile range); 241 (200–318) compared with those without HDN; 219 (191–263) μmol/L, p < 0.001. One baby had anti‐D HDN, while 46/466 had HDN from an ABO incompatibility (anti‐A 43.5% and anti‐B 56.5%); 82% of babies with HDN also had suspected neonatal sepsis or birth asphyxia. About 79.2% (57/72) of mothers did not have ABO/Rh blood group performed antenatally. All infants with HDN survived except one.ConclusionAmong newborn infants with jaundice, HDN is not rare. The majority is due to ABO HDN affecting group A and group B babies equally. Ensuring routine ABO/Rh grouping for all pregnant women is an area for improvement.
Heart Rate Does Not Accurately Predict Metabolic Intensity During Variable-Intensity Roller Skiing or Cycling
Authors: Staunton Craig A. , Andersson Erik P. , Skovereng Knut , Björklund Glenn 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To critically appraise the utility of heart rate (HR) and power output (PO) to predict metabolic rate (MR) and oxygen consumption () during variable-intensity roller skiing and cycling. Methods: National-level cyclists (n = 8) and cross-country skiers (n = 9) completed a preliminary session to determine , and a variable-intensity protocol with 3 high-intensity stages at 90% for 3 minutes interspersed with 3 moderate-intensity stages at 70% for 6 minutes. Cardiorespiratory measures were recorded throughout. Linear HR–MR, , PO–MR, and regressions were computed from the preliminary session, individually, for all athletes and used to predict MR and from both HR and PO, separately, during the variable-intensity protocol. Mean differences with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between measured and predicted MR and were calculated. Results: MR and estimated from HR displayed a mean bias close to zero but wide LOA. HR overestimated MR and during moderate intensity but underestimated MR and during high intensity, for both roller skiing and cycling. MR and estimated from PO were more consistent across the experimental trial, displaying a mean bias farther from zero but with tighter LOA. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that HR has limited utility to predict metabolic intensity during variable-intensity roller skiing and cycling because of wide LOA. On the other hand, metabolic intensity predicted from PO had tighter LOA, suggesting better consistency. PO might provide a better prediction of metabolic intensity compared with HR, particularly when longer-duration steps are performed during preliminary testing.