bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptides and degenerin/epithelial Na+ channels: a relationship from mammals to cnidarians
Authors: Gründer Stefan , Ramírez Audrey Ortega , Jékely Gáspár 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIon channels of the degenerin (DEG)/epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) family serve diverse functions ranging from mechanosensation over Na+ reabsorption to H+ sensing and neurotransmission. However, several diverse DEG/ENaCs interact with neuropeptides; some are directly activated, whereas others are modulated by neuropeptides. Two questions arise: does this interaction have a common structural basis and does it have an ancient origin? Current evidence suggests that RFamide neuropeptides activate the FMRFamide‐activated Na+ channels (FaNaCs) of invertebrates via binding to a pocket at the external face of their large extracellular domain. It is likely that RFamides might activate DEG/ENaCs from the freshwater polyp Hydra (the HyNaCs) via binding to a similar pocket, although there is not yet any experimental evidence. In contrast, RFamide neuropeptides modulate acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) from vertebrates via binding to a central cavity enclosed by β‐sheets of the extracellular domain. Dynorphin opioid peptides, for their part, bind to the acidic pocket of ASICs, which might be evolutionarily related to the peptide binding pocket of FaNaCs, but instead of opening the channels they work as antagonists to stabilize its closed state. Moreover, peptides interacting with DEG/ENaCs from animals of different phyla, although having similar sequences, are evolutionarily unrelated to each other. Collectively, it appears that despite a seemingly similar interaction with similar peptides, the interaction of DEG/ENaCs with neuropeptides has diverse structural bases and many origins.
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Physics Informed Synthetic Image Generation for Deep Learning-Based Detection of Wrinkles and Folds
Authors: Manyar Omey M. , Cheng Junyan , Levine Reuben , Krishnan Vihan , Barbič Jernej , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep learning-based image segmentation methods have showcased tremendous potential in defect detection applications for several manufacturing processes. Currently, majority of deep learning research for defect detection focuses on manufacturing processes where the defects have well-defined features and there is tremendous amount of image data available to learn such a data-dense model. This makes deep learning unsuitable for defect detection in high-mix low volume manufacturing applications where data are scarce and the features of defects are not well defined due to the nature of the process. Recently, there has been an increased impetus towards automation of high-performance manufacturing processes such as composite prepreg layup. Composite prepreg layup is high-mix low volume in nature and involves manipulation of a sheet-like material. In this work, we propose a deep learning framework to detect wrinkle-like defects during the composite prepreg layup process. Our work focuses on three main technological contributions: (1) generation of physics aware photo-realistic synthetic images with the combination of a thin-shell finite element-based sheet simulation and advanced graphics techniques for texture generation, (2) an open-source annotated dataset of 10,000 synthetic images and 1000 real process images of carbon fiber sheets with wrinkle-like defects, and (3) an efficient two-stage methodology for training the deep learning network on this hybrid dataset. Our method can achieve a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.98 on actual production data for detecting defects.
Numerical Study of Crossflow Effects on Discharge Coefficient of the Converging Slot Hole
Authors: Xu Qingzong , Xu Guangyao , Du Qiang , Chen Dawei , Liu Haoyang , Li Hongye 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Converging slot hole is considered as a high-performance film hole with excellent film cooling effectiveness and relatively low aerodynamic loss. Previous studies on converging slot holes mainly focused on the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer characteristics, whereas the discharge coefficient has not been fully understood, especially when the compressible effects cannot be ignored. This study numerically evaluated the effects of crossflows and compressibility on the discharge coefficient of the converging slot hole by comparing it with fan-shaped holes, and developed a promising prediction method for the discharge coefficient with both external and internal crossflows. The results show that the crossflow orientations and the compressible external/internal crossflows significantly influenced the discharge coefficients and flow fields of the converging slot hole. The trend of the discharge coefficient of the converging slot hole is obviously different from that of the fan-shaped holes because of the different flow conditions inside the holes. Moreover, the empirical correlations for the discharge coefficient of the converging slot hole based on the no-crossflow data were consistent with the numerical results, validating the numerical methods used in this study.
Numerical Investigation of Ship Waves and Associated Hydrodynamics Over a Sloping Bed With a Non-Hydrostatic Model
Authors: Mao Lilei , Li Xin , Chen Yimei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ship waves and related hydrodynamics over a sloping bed are investigated numerically in this paper, and we aim to clarify the characteristics of ship wave deformation and its hydrodynamic effects. Laboratory experiments are performed with a self-propelled ship model to produce various wave conditions over a sloping bed in the water flume, providing the datasets for validation works of numerical simulations. With the implementation of model sensitivity analysis, numerical calculations of ship-induced waves and flow velocities are completed using the non-hydrostatic model in XBeach and compared against experimental measurements. The results show that the model is not only able to calculate primary and secondary waves well, but also the ship-induced near-bed velocity when ship waves are prominent in the water flume. Further numerical investigations of ship wave transformation and associated hydrodynamic effects are conducted over a sloping bed under different ship speed conditions. The ship wave height and run-up variations along the cross-shore transect clearly indicate the wave energy dissipation due to breaking and bottom friction. The ship-induced flow velocities are found to be mainly contributed by the low-frequency primary waves in our numerical experiments.
Investigations of the Long-Term Behavior of Electrically Heated Shape Memory Alloy Wires Deflected by a 90° Pulley
Authors: Schmelter Tobias , Theren Benedict , Kielczewski Adrian , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMA) are often used to drive actuators, whereby SMA have a very specific fatigue behavior, which influences the lifetime of these actuators. The optimization of the actuator’s lifetime is an important topic to make these innovative actuators more interesting and economic for the sales market. Usually, an actuator is developed first, and a lifetime investigation of the complete actuator is carried out afterwards. The reason is the missing handling guidelines for the SMA wires which provide information on influences limiting the service life of SMA-based actuators before the actuator is fully developed and manufactured.
While investigating the influences on the SMA wire during production, storage, and use of an actuator, one frequently appearing case stands out and will therefore be examined in more detail in the further course. In many actuator applications the wire is deflected by a pulley system to generate a greater actuator stroke while keeping the assembly space small. Although a large stroke is required, a wire is used instead of a spring to additionally take advantage of the higher forces generated by the wire compared to the spring. Since the wire experiences inconsistent mechanical stress at the point of deflection and a modified heat conduction occurs due to surface contact, it is questionable if this damages the wire, leading to an earlier structural or functional fatigue.
The experiments will be carried out in two different ways. First, the SMA wire is tested regarding lifetime as a reference value. Afterwards, a pulley-system is designed and used deflecting the SMA wire by 90°. Subsequently, the respective lifetimes of the wires from both experiments can be compared to each other and conclusions can be drawn to what extent a deflection of the wire influences the wires lifetime. Furthermore, the damage caused by the deflection is put in relation to an influence of the wire by overheating — in case of too long electrical activation — and to the influence of the mechanical pretension of the wire.
Through investigating these impairments of the SMA wire by deflecting it, handling guidelines for these specific cases can be formulated to be considered in future before the actual development of an actuator takes place. Thus, a more effective development with fewer iteration steps can be achieved and the lifetime of the actuator can be determined more precisely in advance. Furthermore, the design can be optimized easier regarding lifetime, by having knowledge apropos of the insight of these influences.
Effect of Coating on the Continuous Cycle Actuation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires: Analyses and Experiments
Authors: Shaikh Ahmad , Panwar Shardul , Tsuruta Ryohei , Gandhi Umesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We develop a finite element methodology to characterize the effects of silicone coating on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators during continuous actuation cycles. Slow cooling rates of thermally actuated SMA actuators have long been a hurdle for their widespread adoption. The use of a thermally conductive silicone coating provides a potential solution that improves cooling rates without much impact on the actuator thermal performance under single actuation. However, the effects of the coating on the thermal performance under cyclic actuation is unexplored. To verify the finite element model results, various thicknesses between 0.2 mm to 2.5 mm of the coating material were applied to 0.5 mm diameter SMA wires using a specially fabricated coating machine. The results of finite element models were first compared with and calibrated against experimentally measured thermal performance for single actuation cycle. Next, the actuation responses of the numerical models of these coated SMA wires are determined for multiple actuation cycles.
The Emergence of the Pandemic: High-Performance Coach and Athlete Experiences
Authors: Dehghansai Nima , Mazhar Alia , Pinder Ross , Baker Joseph , Renshaw Ian 
Published: November 2022

The current study explored coach and athlete reactions and challenges leading up to the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, with a specific focus on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Games’ postponement. Nine Australian Paralympic coaches (n = 3) and athletes (n = 6) shared their experiences in semistructured interviews. The thematic analysis highlighted how participants experienced the emergence of the pandemic in different ways, but all were relieved when the late but eventual decision to postpone the Games was made. Regarding lockdown periods (i.e., social-distancing restrictions), some coaches and athletes thrived under the new reality (i.e., training from home, online coaching) while others had more difficulty adjusting. Furthermore, results highlight the many uncertainties still remaining, which continue to influence participants’ sport and personal lives. The experiences of coaches and athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on strategies and resources that could support Paralympic coaches and athletes during current and future crises.
How to interpret cardiac biomarkers in children?
Authors: McGinn Claire , Waterfield Thomas , McKeeman Gareth , Morrison Louise , Callaghan Sinead , Watson Chris , Casey Frank A 
Published: November 2022

Cardiac biomarkers are used as first-line diagnostic tools in suspected myocardial injury and heart failure in adult patients. Their use in paediatric patients has been limited by variability caused by age, gender and the presence of an underlying congenital cardiac condition. There are established reference ranges for both NT-proBNP and troponin in healthy children, but these cannot be applied to all paediatric patients because of limited large studies focusing on children with congenital heart disease and/or cardiomyopathy.This article will focus on the pathophysiology of myocardial injury and heart failure in children and the subsequent cardiac biomarker correlation. It will explain how to interpret the biomarker assay levels obtained for both troponin and NT-proBNP and highlights the importance of a clear clinical question prior to requesting a cardiac biomarker assay level.Clinical cases outline scenarios that may prompt consideration of biomarker analysis in children and aims to equip the reader with an understanding of how to interpret the results.
Inflammatory vaginitis associated with long-term rituximab treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Filikci Zuhal , Jensen Rikke Marie , Thorup Sellebjerg Finn 
Published: November 2022

We describe inflammatory vaginitis as a potential side effect of long-term rituximab treatment for multiple sclerosis in the absence of any other systemic disease or underlying malignancy.More studies are needed to characterise the incidence of inflammatory vaginitis among women on long-term rituximab therapy.
Parent and child perceptions of physical activity with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Giblin Susan , Scully Paul , Dalton Niall , Connolly Muiriosa , McCaffrey Alison , Sheikhi Ali , Neylon Orla , O'Gorman Clodagh 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong illness that affects over 2500 children in Ireland. Management involves complex daily regimens including frequent blood glucose monitoring, pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical activity (PA). PA is an important modifiable lifestyle factor. Unfortunately, children with T1D remain physically inactive. Children with T1D face disease-specific barriers and facilitators to PA engagement. All aspects of T1D management for children are supported or supervised by parents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine parents’ and children’s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to PA engagement.Research design and methods43 parent and child dyads participated. Parents completed a self-report survey. Children completed a modified version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) that explored habitual PA patterns, perceived facilitators and barriers to PA engagement.Results21 females, 22 males and their parents (36 mothers, 7 fathers) participated. 69% of males and 90% of females reported that having diabetes did affect their PA participation. 54% of males and 48% of females were insufficiently active based on their total PAQ-C score (<2.9 and <2.7). 53% of parents reported that their children participated in school physical education. 21% of parents reported that their child did not participate in PA outside of the school setting. 23% of parents reported that they did not feel comfortable with their child participating in strenuous PA. A further 30% of parents reported that they only felt comfortable with their child participating in strenuous PA if supervised. 66% of parents reported their child should be more physically active. 83% of parents reported that having T1D did impact their child’s PA level.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential influence of parents’ perceptions on PA engagement in children with T1D. Additional education is needed to support the promotion of PA for children with T1D.
Elbow conditions: research priorities setting in partnership with the James Lind Alliance
Authors: Singh Harvinder Pal , Chong Han Hong , Raval Parag , Divall Pip , Rangan Amar , Bateman Marcus , Watts Adam , Phadnis Joideep , Majed Addie , Jones Valerie , Pandey Radhakant , Gower Jonathan , Gwilym Steve , Peach Chris 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo undertake a UK-based James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership for elbow conditions and be representative of the views of patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).SettingThis was a national collaborative study organised through the British Elbow and Shoulder Society.ParticipantsAdult patients, carers and HCPs who have managed or experienced elbow conditions, their carers and HCPs in the UK involved in managing of elbow conditions.MethodsThe rigorous JLA priority setting methodology was followed. Electronic and paper scoping surveys were distributed to identify potential research priority questions (RPQs). Initial responses were reviewed and a literature search was performed to cross-check categorised questions. Those questions already sufficiently answered were excluded and the remaining questions were ranked in a second survey according to priority for future elbow conditions research. Using the JLA methodology, responses from HCP and patients were combined to create a list of the top 18 questions. These were further reviewed in a dedicated multistakeholder workshop where the top 10 RPQs were agreed by consensus.ResultsThe process was completed over 24 months. The initial survey resulted in 467 questions from 165 respondents (73% HCPs and 27% patients/carers). These questions were reviewed and combined into 46 summary topics comprising: tendinopathy, distal biceps pathology, arthritis, stiffness, trauma, arthroplasty and cubital tunnel syndrome. The second (interim prioritisation) survey had 250 respondents (72% HCP and 28% patients/carers). The top 18 ranked questions from this survey were taken to the final workshop where a consensus was reached on the top 10 RPQs.ConclusionsThe top 10 RPQs highlight areas of importance that currently lack sufficient evidence to guide diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of elbow conditions. This collaborative process will guide researchers and funders regarding the topics that should receive most future attention and benefit patients and HCPs.
Vocal biomarker predicts fatigue in people with COVID-19: results from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study
Authors: Elbéji Abir , Zhang Lu , Higa Eduardo , Fischer Aurélie , Despotovic Vladimir , Nazarov Petr V , Aguayo Gloria , Fagherazzi Guy 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a vocal biomarker for fatigue monitoring in people with COVID-19.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPredi-COVID data between May 2020 and May 2021.ParticipantsA total of 1772 voice recordings were used to train an AI-based algorithm to predict fatigue, stratified by gender and smartphone’s operating system (Android/iOS). The recordings were collected from 296 participants tracked for 2 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFour machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, k-nearest neighbours, support vector machine and soft voting classifier) were used to train and derive the fatigue vocal biomarker. The models were evaluated based on the following metrics: area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, F1-score, precision and recall. The Brier score was also used to evaluate the models’ calibrations.ResultsThe final study population included 56% of women and had a mean (±SD) age of 40 (±13) years. Women were more likely to report fatigue (p<0.001). We developed four models for Android female, Android male, iOS female and iOS male users with a weighted AUC of 86%, 82%, 79%, 85% and a mean Brier Score of 0.15, 0.12, 0.17, 0.12, respectively. The vocal biomarker derived from the prediction models successfully discriminated COVID-19 participants with and without fatigue.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying and remotely monitoring fatigue thanks to voice. Vocal biomarkers, digitally integrated into telemedicine technologies, are expected to improve the monitoring of people with COVID-19 or Long-COVID.Trial registration numberNCT04380987.
What is the relationship between physical activity and chronic pain in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Marques Raphael Lucas da Silva , Rezende Andréa Toledo de Oliveira , Junger Ana Lúcia , Noll Matias , de Oliveira Cesar , Silveira Erika Aparecida 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionChronic pain is highly prevalent in older adults and can cause functional limitations, negatively affecting health and quality of life. Physical activity is a non-pharmacological approach used to prevent chronic pain as it promotes the release of endogenous opioids that block pain sensitivity. Therefore, we developed a systematic review protocol to analyse the relationship between physical activity and the occurrence and intensity of chronic pain in older adults.Methods and analysesThe systematic review will search PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases. The inclusion criteria will be observational studies that had primary chronic pain as an outcome, including persistent and intermittent pain. The population will include older adults from the community, living in a long-stay institution, or in outpatient follow-up. There will be no restriction regarding the year of publication and articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish will be analysed. Effect or impact measures will be quantified, including OR, HR, prevalence ratio, incidence ratio and relative risk with their 95% CIs. If the data allow, a meta-analysis will be performed. The results may help understand the impact of physical activity as a potential protection factor against the occurrence of pain later in life as well as promote strategic prevention plans and public policies that encourage this practice in older adults.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021282898.
Recurrent cystitis: patients’ needs, expectations and contribution to developing an information leaflet – a qualitative study
Authors: Bey Louisa , Touboul Pia , Mondain Véronique 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesRecurring cystitis (RC) is a common complaint among women. It has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. The physical discomfort and psychological distress related to RC are rarely addressed and women’s needs in terms of information and advice have not been sufficiently explored, particularly in France in spite of their frequent episodes of RC. This study aimed to assess women’s needs and expectations in view of developing a patient information leaflet to help them understand and better cope with their condition, thus offering them more autonomy and empowering them to self-manage whenever possible.MethodQualitative study using recorded semistructured interviews with patients suffering from RC.SettingInterviews conducted with women suffering from RC in Corsica, France.Participants26 patients interviewed between January 2018 and April 2018.ResultsKnowledge of the condition was heterogeneous, but most women reported a major impact on daily life, a high level of anxiety, various management strategies and wished to avoid taking antibiotics, preferring alternative approaches. Patients reported a lack of understanding and sympathy on the part of physicians and society and wished for more autonomy with delayed/back-up prescriptions, a multidisciplinary follow-up and, most of all, appropriate information.ConclusionThe information leaflet should improve patients’ knowledge and capacity for self-care, contribute to standardise practice and limit inappropriate antibiotic use.