bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Types of Visual Perturbation Induced Different Demands and Patterns in Active Control: Implication for Future Sensorimotor Training
Authors: Ren Muchen , Lin Tangdi , Chien Jung Hung 
Published: July 2022

Background: Sensorimotor training using visual perturbations has been widely applied to astronauts for rapidly handling and adapting to unpredictable environments. However, these visual perturbations might not be strong enough to trigger long-term effects. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel sensorimotor training paradigm using pseudo-random visual perturbations and to determine the demands and patterns of active control under different types of visual perturbations.Method: Thirty healthy young adults participated in this study. Four walking conditions were randomly assigned to these participants: 1) walking without optic flow (NoOptic), 2) walking with the optic flow (Optic), 3) walking under reduced visual capability (Vre), and 4) walking under perturbed optic flow (Vpe). The dependent variables were the step length variability, the step width variability, the 95% confidence interval ellipse area, the long axis of the ellipse, and the short axis of the ellipse.Results: The results indicated that 1) the step length variability and the ellipse area were greater in Vre compared to Optic (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the step width variability and ellipse area were greater in Vpe than Optic (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.002).Conclusion: The abovementioned results demonstrated that 1) walking in both Vre and Vpe conditions required greater demands and different patterns in active controls compared to the Optic condition, suggesting both Vre and Vpe conditions could be applied for sensorimotor training; 2) the Vre condition would be the first choice if there were no concerns in potential trips on the treadmill.
Long-Term Inhalation of Ultrafine Zinc Particles Deteriorated Cardiac and Cardiovascular Functions in Rats of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Huo Yunlong , Li Li 
Published: July 2022

Substantial ultrafine zinc particles exist in air pollutions. The level of Zn concentrations in serum and tissue could affect patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the study is to investigate the change of cardiac functions and peripheral hemodynamics in MI rats after long-term inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles. Coronary artery ligation surgery was performed to induce MI in Wistar rats. The inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles was carried out for 6 weeks after the operation. Physiological and hemodynamic measurements and computational biomechanics analysis were demonstrated in eight groups of rats at postoperative 4 and 6 weeks. There was no statistical significance between shams and shams with inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles. There were significant impairments of cardiac and hemodynamic functions in MI rats. In comparison with MI rats, the inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles for 4 weeks slowed down the progression from MI to heart failure, but the inhalation for 6 weeks accelerated the process. The long-term inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles induced excessive accumulation of zinc in serum and tissue, which deteriorated cardiac and hemodynamic dysfunctions in MI rats. The findings suggested the importance for regulating Zn intake of MI patients as well as looking at ways to lower zinc concentrations in air pollutions.
Treatment of Cardiovascular Dysfunction with PDE3-Inhibitors in Moderate and Severe Hypothermia—Effects on Cellular Elimination of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
Authors: Kuzmiszyn Adrina Kalasho , Selli Anders Lund , Smaglyukova Natalia , Kondratiev Timofei , Fuskevåg Ole-Martin , Lyså Roy Andre , Ravna Aina Westrheim , Tveita Torkjel , Sager Georg , Dietrichs Erik Sveberg 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Rewarming from accidental hypothermia is often complicated by hypothermia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, which could lead to shock. Current guidelines do not recommend any pharmacological treatment at core temperatures below 30°C, due to lack of knowledge. However, previous in vivo studies have shown promising results when using phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitors, which possess the combined effects of supporting cardiac function and alleviating the peripheral vascular resistance through changes in cyclic nucleotide levels. This study therefore aims to investigate whether PDE3 inhibitors milrinone, amrinone, and levosimendan are able to modulate cyclic nucleotide regulation in hypothermic settings.Materials and methods: The effect of PDE3 inhibitors were studied by using recombinant phosphodiesterase enzymes and inverted erythrocyte membranes at six different temperatures—37°C, 34°C, 32°C, 28°C, 24°C, and 20°C- in order to evaluate the degree of enzymatic degradation, as well as measuring cellular efflux of both cAMP and cGMP. The resulting dose-response curves at every temperature were used to calculate IC50 and Ki values.Results: Milrinone IC50 and Ki values for cGMP efflux were significantly lower at 24°C (IC50: 8.62 ± 2.69 µM) and 20°C (IC50: 7.35 ± 3.51 µM), compared to 37°C (IC50: 22.84 ± 1.52 µM). There were no significant changes in IC50 and Ki values for enzymatic breakdown of cAMP and cGMP.Conclusion: Milrinone, amrinone and levosimendan, were all able to suppress enzymatic degradation and inhibit extrusion of cGMP and cAMP below 30°C. Our results show that these drugs have preserved effect on their target molecules during hypothermia, indicating that they could provide an important treatment option for hypothermia-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Empathy Modulates the Effects of Acute Stress on Anxious Appearance and Social Behavior in Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: von Dawans Bernadette , Trueg Amalie , Voncken Marisol , Dziobek Isabel , Kirschbaum Clemens , Domes Gregor , Heinrichs Markus 
Published: July 2022

Patients suffering from social anxiety disorder (SAD) fear social interaction and evaluation, which severely undermines their everyday life. There is evidence of increased prosocial behavior after acute social stress exposure in healthy individuals, which may be interpreted as stress-regulating “tend-and-befriend” behavior. In a randomized controlled trial, we measured empathic abilities in a first diagnostic session. In the following experimental session, we investigated how patients with SAD (n = 60) and healthy control participants (HC) (n = 52) respond to an acute social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test for groups) or a non-stressful control condition, and whether empathic abilities and acute social stress interact to modulate anxious appearance and social behavior in a social conversation test. Salivary cortisol, heart rate, and subjective stress response were repeatedly measured. The anxious appearance and social behavior of participants were rated by the conversation partner. SAD patients demonstrated stronger subjective stress responses while the biological responses did not differ from HC. Moreover, patients performed worse overall in the conversation task, which stress additionally undermined. Finally, we found that both emotional and cognitive empathy buffered the negative effects of acute stress on social behavior in SAD, but not in HC. Our data highlight the importance of empathic abilities for SAD during stressful situations and call for multimodal clinical diagnostics. This may help to differentiate clinical subtypes and offer better-tailored treatment for patients.General Scientific Summary: This study shows that high levels of cognitive and emotional empathy can buffer the negative effects of acute stress on social behavior in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Empathic abilities may be included as an additional diagnostic resource marker for SAD.
Model-Based Evaluation of Transmissibility and Intervention Measures for a COVID-19 Outbreak in Xiamen City, China
Authors: Liu Weikang , Guo Zhinan , Abudunaibi Buasiyamu , Ouyang Xue , Wang Demeng , Yang Tianlong , Deng Bin , Huang Jiefeng , Zhao Benhua , Su Yanhua , Su Chenghao , Chen Tianmu 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn September 2021, there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Xiamen, China. Various non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) and pharmacological interventions (PIs) have been implemented to prevent and control the spread of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions and to identify priorities for the implementation of prevention and control measures.MethodsThe data of patients with COVID-19 were collected from 8 to 30 September 2021. A Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) dynamics model was developed to fit the data and simulate the effectiveness of interventions (medical treatment, isolation, social distancing, masking, and vaccination) under different scenarios. The effective reproductive number (Reff) was used to assess the transmissibility and transmission risk.ResultsA total of 236 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Xiamen. The epidemic curve was divided into three phases (Reff = 6.8, 1.5, and 0). Notably, the cumulative number of cases was reduced by 99.67% due to the preventive and control measures implemented by the local government. In the effective containment stage, the number of cases could be reduced to 115 by intensifying the implementation of interventions. The total number of cases (TN) could be reduced by 29.66–95.34% when patients voluntarily visit fever clinics. When only two or three of these measures are implemented, the simulated TN may be greater than the actual number. As four measures were taken simultaneously, the TN may be &lt;100, which is 57.63% less than the actual number. The simultaneous implementation of five interventions could rapidly control the transmission and reduce the number of cases to fewer than 25.ConclusionWith the joint efforts of the government and the public, the outbreak was controlled quickly and effectively. Authorities could promptly cut the transmission chain and control the spread of the disease when patients with fever voluntarily went to the hospital. The ultimate effect of controlling the outbreak through only one intervention was not obvious. The combined community control and mask wearing, along with other interventions, could lead to rapid control of the outbreak and ultimately lower the total number of cases. More importantly, this would mitigate the impact of the outbreak on society and socioeconomics.
FFAKTOR PREDISPOSISI SEBAGAI PENENTU KEPATUHAN TERHADAP PROTOKOL KESEHATAN PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Syarief Osman , Irmawartini Irmawartini , Rosmana Dadang 
Published: July 2022

Penyakit Covid 19 merupakan penyakit saluran pernafasan akut yang parah. Penyakit Covid 19 sudah menyebar ke seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia dan sudah menjadi pandemi. Perlu dilakukan uoaya pencegahan penularan untuk semua kelompok, termasuk siswa Sekolah Dasar (siswa SD). Patuh protokol kesehatan Covid 19 merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan covid 19. Protokol kesehatan Covid 19 antara lain terdiri dari mencuci tangan pakai air mengalir dan sabun, memakai masker, menjaga jarak, menghindari kerumunan dan peningkatan daya tahan tubuh. Predisposisi merupakan salah satu faktor pembentukan perilaku termasuk perilaku patuh terhadap protokol kesehatan covid 19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor predisposisi dengan kepatuhan terhadap protokol kesehatan covid 19. Penelitian dilakukan secara crossectional. Sampel peneliitian adalah 441 siswa SD di Kota Bandung. Pengumpulan data dengan wawacancara. Data di analisis statistik univaribel, bivariabel dan multivariabel. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa siswa SD Kota Bandung yang patuh terhadap protokol kesehatan sebesar 54,0%. Faktor predisposisi yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan terhadap prokotol kesehatan covid 19 adalah pengetahuan ( p =0,0001), sikap (p =0,003) dan keyakinan ( p =0,0001). Kesimpulan belum semua siswa SD di Kota Bandung patuh protokol kesehatan covid 19, sehingga berisiko untuk tertular covid 19 jika dilakukan pembelajaran tatap muka.
The Status of Women as Shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’
Authors: A Muniyandi 
Published: July 2022

Kallikkaadu is a part of Tamil Nadu. Epic means that it has happened. Novelist Vairamuthu says that the ‘Kallikkaatu Idhikaasam’ certainly took place in the middle of the twentieth century and that it was the epic of a citizen, who is a part of the society. Migration is the process of moving from one country to another, from one state to another, from one city to another, and from one town to another. Among them is the ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ which is said to be migrating from one town to another. Vairamuthu's ‘Kallikkaattu Idhikaasam’ has bagged Sahitya Akademi Award in 2003. The protagonist is Peyathevar, and his wife-Alagammal, who live on land depending solely on the soil. They get their eldest daughter, Sellathai, remarried to Ochakkaalai when she returns home as a widow with a son, Mokkarasu after a year of her married life. And also, the second daughter, Minnalu, came back to her father’s home after the cruelty of dowry abuse. She is married and becomes the mother of a baby girl. At that time she comes to her father's house with her child because her husband had killed Karuthak Kannan and went to jail. Peyathevar's young age girlfriend is Murugayi. She also lost her husband, father, and mother when she got married. Peyathevar makes her also stays with him with the mindset of a mother. The government chooses this site as the best place to build a dam and ordered the evacuation of twelve villagers. The government expelled the people no matter how much the people opposed them. In this, the depressed Peyathevar suffers greatly. All the people moved away with their belongings. Peyathevar loads all his belongings in the cart and drowns in the water, not wanting to leave the soil. Furthermore, the researcher has thoroughly researched his study with ample supporting evidence about the status of women shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ and elaborated on it in detail and clearly.
Community Issues in the Novel ‘Neerthuli’ (Water Droplet)
Authors: S Murugavel 
Published: July 2022

Neerthuli (2011) is one of the novels written by the creator Subramanian. The book won the 2012 Jayakanthan Creative Literary Award as the Best Novel. The purpose of this article is to explore the social issues documented in this book. Living in a modern living environment, Subramaniam takes a keen interest in the life revolves around himself and shapes it through his natural language. The world he sees is the one with full of changes. Therefore, his works are also innovative. It is a characteristic that is humbly expressed in the purpose of symbolizing the inevitable pulling event of the disintegration of the family structure that has been defined and preserved over time. Expressing the new way of life problem of "living together" with the most precise mindsets and movements with artistic elegance reveals a different nature of the writing of the creator Subramanian. The ‘Neerthuli’ novel accurately reveals the difficulties of living together with an unmarried young man and a distressed woman who is forced into a new environment after a divorce. The novel's fundamental problem is the life problems of two immigrants who are trying to find a new way of life. Set against the backdrop of a new environment, it embodies the lives of migrated human beings with its dynamic properties. This novel confronts the predicament faced in a woman's life in which she is tortured by her husband, mentally and physically without approving the divorce. Moreover, the novel did not fail to point out the atrocities suffered by the workers. He has recorded the dominance of employers in the workplace, labor exploitation and oppression. He has recorded ecology as one of the problems that is to be looked at in today's environment. He also talked about ecological issues that include water pollution, land pollution, air pollution, and pollution caused by the use of plastics.
Pengaruh waktu pemanenan sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 terhadap berat segar, kadar bahan kering, dan protein kasar sebagai pakan ruminansia
Authors: Pelealu F.R. , Waani M.R , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Malalantang S.S. 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berat segar, kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar protein kasar (PK) sorgum Samurai 1 ratun 1 pada fase panen yang berbeda. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan. Bahan yang digunakan antara lain tanaman sorgum yang di panen pada saat tanaman sorgum telah memasuki fase berbunga, fase soft dough dan fase hard dough. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah : F1 = Pemanenan pada fase berbunga, F2 = Pemanenan pada fase berbiji hijau/ soft dough, F3 = Pemanenan pada fase berbiji coklat/hard dough. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap berat segar, kadar bahan kering (BK) dan kadar protein kasar (PK) sorgum Samurai 1. Uji BNJ menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan fase hard dough (F3) menghasilkan berat segar dan bahan kering (BK) yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari fase soft dough (F2) dan fase berbunga (F1). Fase soft dough (F2) sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari fase berbunga (F1), sedangkan kadar protein kasar F1 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari F2 dan F3. Perlakuan F2 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari F3. Berdasarkan hasil penellitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanenan sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 sebagai pakan ruminansia pada fase hard dough menghasilkan berat segar dan kadar bahan kering tertinggi sedangkan kadar protein kasar terendah. Kadar protein tertinggi dihasilkan pada fase berbunga namun kadar bahan keringnya terendah. Waktu panen sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 yang optimal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan kering ternak ruminansia adalah pada fase hard dough. Kata kunci: Sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1, berat segar, kadar bahan kering, kadar protein kasar
Pengaruh lama ensilase terhadap kandungan bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), protein kasar (PK) sorgum varietas pahat ratun ke-1 sebagai pakan ruminansia
Authors: Balo E.F.S. , Pendong A.F. , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Waani M.R. , Malalantang S.S. 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama ensilase yang berbeda terhadap kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar bahan organik (BO), kadar protein kasar (PK) silase sorgum varietas Pahat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan. Materi yang digunakan adalah hijauan sorgum yang dipanen pada umur 70 hari terdiri dari batang, daun, dan malai. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah : (R1) lama penyimpanan 3 minggu, (R2) lama penyimpanan 5 minggu, (R3) lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama penyimpanan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar bahan kering, kadar bahan organik, kadar protein kasar silase sorgum varietas Pahat. Uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan 3 minggu (R1) menghasilkan kadar bahan kering yang tidak berbeda dengan lama penyimpanan 5 minggu (R3) dan nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Sedangkan kadar bahan organik dan protein kasar pada lama penyimpanan 3 minggu nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 5 minggu dan 7 minggu. Lama penyimpanan 5 minggu menghasilkan kadar bahan kering, bahan organik dan protein kasar yang nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan lama ensilase meningkatkan kandungan bahan kering, bahan organik, dan protein kasar sorgum varietas pahat ratun ke-1 sebagai pakan ruminansia. Kadar bahan kering, bahan organik, dan protein kasar tertinggi pada lama penyimpanan 7 minggu.Kata Kunci : sorgum, silase, lama pemeraman, bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar
Kajian keragaman genetik sapi lokal campuran untuk penguatan peternakan sapi potong di Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Paputungan U. , Utiah W. , Turangan S. , Pudjihastuti E. 
Published: July 2022

Faktor genetik pada pewarisan bobot hidup ternak adalah nilai pemuliaan, deviasi dominansi dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen genotipe nilai pemuliaan dan deviasi dominansi bobot hidup serta heritabilitasnya pada sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Lokal. Total 74 induk sapi generasi awal (G0), dan 104 induk generasi 1 (G1) dari pejantan sapi Ongole dianalisis kontribusi genetik. Lokus gen sapi Ongole (gen O) dan gen sapi Lokal (gen L) hasil pengukuran bobot hidup ternak genotipe OO, LL dan LO dianalisis melalui komponen nilai pemuliaan dan deviasi dominan gen. Program statistik Excel XP digunakan menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata populasi tetua (µ) bobot hidup ternak (G0) adalah 340,01 ± 6,12 kg. Sedangkan rara-rata populasi (µ1) bobot hidup ternak generasi keturunan (G1) adalah 359,60 ± 5,67 kg, dengan respon seleksi (∆µ) sebesar 19,59 kg. Komponen genotipe homozigot OO dan LL sangat didominasi oleh aksi gen aditif dengan nilai pemuliaan lebih tinggi untuk bobot hidup daripada aksi gen deviasi dominan. Genotipe heterozigot LO didominasi pula oleh aksi gen deviasi dominan yang lebih rendah daripada aksi gen aditif. Heritabilitas (h2) bobot hidup sapi sebagai aksi gen aditif adalah 0,66 dengan kategori tinggi, sedangkan aksi gen dominan () adalah sebesar 0,33 yang dikategorikan heritabilitas sedang.Kata Kunci: Nilai pemuliaan, aksi gen dominan, bobot hidup, sapi Campuran Lokal-Ongole
Sifat organoleptik burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan
Authors: Mansa N. , Ransaleleh T.A. , Ratulangi F.S. , Rotinsulu M.D. 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan konsumen pada burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan formulasi perlakuan sebagai berikut : R0: 250 g daging babi ras, R1: 200 g daging babi ras dan 50 g daging babi hutan, R2: 150 g daging babi ras dan 100 g daging babi hutan, R3 : 100 g daging babi ras dan 150 daging babi hutan, R4: 50 g daging babi ras dan 200 g daging babi hutan, R5: 250 daging babi hutan dan dinilai oleh 35 panelis sebagai ulangan. Pengukuran data organoleptik menggunakan skala hedonik yang terdiri dari variabel warna, aroma, tekstur, citarasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur, citarasa, burger daging babi ras dan babi hutan. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerimaan panelis secara organoleptik adalah sama terhadap burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan.Kata Kunci: Burger, daging babi, sifat organoleptic