bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing Power Roles Naturally: Rand's Nietzschean Heroes and Villains
Authors: Powell Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Because of Ayn Rand's problematic moral labels on her characters, Gail Wynand, not Howard Roark, should be her true Nietzschean hero. Wynand meets the criteria of both the Nietzschean Superman and Rand's Objectivism. Roark's false integrity taints his greatness and improperly vulgarizes him as a Nietzschean Superman. Rand problematically wants her heroes to accept the greatness of the Übermensch, but reject his natural existence and will to power. Dominique Francon should be her true Nietzschean villain, because, unlike Ellsworth Toohey, she enjoys the painful destruction of herself and others.
Ayn Rand's Economic Thought
Authors: Bostaph Samuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article explicates Ayn Rand's economic thought as expressed in her nonfiction and fiction writings. It concludes that Rand's formal knowledge of economics was relatively limited and that her case for the free market economy is almost entirely ethical and political. Nevertheless, her insight into the complexity of such an economy was acute and her view that true human flourishing is only possible in a laissez-faire context rested on the recognition that it is the only context that can completely liberate the creative potential of the human mind.
Ayn Rand, Religion, and Libertarianism
Authors: Block Walter E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ayn Rand most certainly favored liberty, although she renounced the "libertarian" appellation. Yet, in her continuous, contemptuous and shrill attacks on religion, she was denigrating an institution that has made great contributions to freedom. The present essay is an attempt to right the balance; to demonstrate that religion and liberty are not the enemies supposed by Rand.
The Rewriting of Ayn Rand's Spoken Answers
Authors: Campbell Robert L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay compares audio recordings of Ayn Rand's question and answer sessions with Robert Mayhew's renditions as published in the Estate-approved volume Ayn Rand Answers. Mayhew, it turns out, rewrote nearly every answer included in the book. He abridged long answers, rearranged parts of answers, left transcription errors uncorrected, and was frequently insensitive to Rand's style of speaking. Mayhew even deleted portions of a few answers deemed embarrassing to Leonard Peikoff and the Estate of Ayn Rand (e.g., references to cigarette smoking or to Nathaniel Branden) and kept other answers (e. g., about homosexuality or amphetamine use) out of the volume entirely.
Sacrifice and the Apocalypse: A Girardian Reading of "Atlas Shrugged"
Authors: Gerland Oliver 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay uses the mimetic theory of controversial literary anthropologist René Girard to explicate a central but neglected theme in Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: sacrifice. In Rand's view, big government is supported by a sacrificial ideology founded in the idea of Original Sin that fosters the petty resentments of the masses while scapegoating the productive elite. John Gait triggers the self-destruction of this "infernal" sacrificial machine by withdrawing its intended victims. The resulting political collapse opens the way to a Randian utopia beyond the theorizing of Girard (and Friedrich Nietzsche, whose work is discussed in conclusion), a society without sacrifice.
What About Suicide Bombers? A Terse Response to a Terse Objection
Authors: Champagne Marc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stressing that the pronoun "I" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed "hard case" of destructive people who do not care for their own lives poses no special difficulty for rational egoism. I conclude that the proper response to a terse objection like "What about suicide bombers?" is the equally terse assertion "But I don't want to get blown up."
The Six Million Dollar Rand
Authors: Parille Neil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Kandis an enjoyable compendium of mostly favorable interviews of those who knew or met Ayn Rand. While it contains many valuable insights about Rand and her life, it fails to achieve its objective in providing a good selection of interviews of those who knew Rand in various "contexts" and "relationships," contrary to what editor Scott McConnell claims. Those who are interested in the movement side of Objectivism, which developed in the 1950s and 1960s, will be disappointed in the lack of attention paid to this part of her life.
Flourishing and Synthesis
Authors: Mendenhall Allen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Edward W. Younkins's book, Flourishing and Happiness in a Free Society, is a welcome contribution to individualist thought. Focusing on Aristotle, Ayn Rand, Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, and Murray Rothbard, Younkins demonstrates the compatibility of Aristotelian liberalism, Objectivism, and Austrian Economics. Younkins suggests that synthesÍ2Íng these philosophies will lead to human flourishing and happiness. These philosophies share certain general principles that can serve as moral bases for political action.
"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies" The Best is Yet to Come
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since 1999, The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (JARS) has published over 250 essays, written by over 130 authors, working across scholarly disciplines and specialties. Starting in 2013 with Volume 13, Number 1 (Issue 25), the JARS Foundation will begin a collaboration with Pennsylvania State University Press (PSUP). PSUP will manage distribution and subscription fulfillment for print and online editions, while the Editorial Board will focus exclusively on journal content. Extensive digital dissemination and preservation of the journal is guaranteed through PSUP partnerships with JSTOR and Project Muse, and the dark archivingofall journal back issues at Stanford's CLOCKSS.
Ayn Rand Shrugged: The Gap Between Ethical Egoism and Global Capitalism
Authors: Campos Andre Santos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is a gap between Rand'sethical egoism and today's global capitalism on at least six points. Since her version of "capitalism: the unknown ideal" addresses none of these points, it cannot resemble the reality of today's global capitalism. The connection between Objectivist ethics and politics is preserved by a possible change in her minarchical political philosophy. This will mean that there is no necessary connection between ethical egoism and minarchism or between ethical egoism and minimal government intervention. An ethically hard Objectivism determining the (less) unknown ideal of capitalism leaves room for a politically soft Objectivism.
Ayn Rand and Deducing 'Ought' from 'Is'
Authors: Doughney Lachlan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under R. M. Hare's interpretation of David Hume's is-ought gap, Hume thought it impossible to deduce an 'ought' conclusion, solely from 'is' premises. Ayn Rand rejects this view. In this paper, we see both how and why she attempted to deduce such an 'ought' conclusion in her ethical theory.
The Childs-Peikoff Hypothesis
Authors: Hardin Dennis C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In his infamous "Open Letter to Ayn Rand," Roy Childs, a prominent libertarian advocate of anarcho-capitalism, argued that limited government is inconsistent with Rand's philosophy of Objectivism. In the early 1980s, Childs changed his mind and rejected anarcho-capitalism as a rational political system. Despite abrief, unfinished, posthumous essay, some say that the real reasons for Childs' change of heart will always remain a mystery. However, specific comments by Childs in that essay point directly to the influence of a series of lectures on Objectivism presented by Leonard Peikoffin 1983.
Sex and the Egoist: Measuring Ayn Rand's Fiction Against Her Philosophy
Authors: Barr Emily J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The merit of Ayn Rand's Objectivist philosophy is often based on its economic and social tenets surrounding individual rights. Though she is often neglected by feminists, there is one aspect of Rand's fiction and philosophy that requires feminist attention: her illustration of female sexuality in response to masculinity and hero worship. In The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), Rand respectively presents her ideal man and the ideal manner in which a woman would respond to such a man. These actions necessarily conflict with what Rand claims is a rational ethical theory and detract from Rand's otherwise gender neutral philosophy.
Taking Pieces of Rand with Them: Ayn Rand's Literary Influence
Authors: Powell Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite the fact that Ayn Rand did not influence the best artists, she did leave an important legacy for the American imagination and literary establishment. Rand's influence is arguably more multi-genre than any other author. Some multi-genre authors who were possibly influenced by Rand include: John Steinbeck (literature), Mickey Spillane and Ian Fleming (detective fiction), Ira Levin, Cameron Hawley, Erika Holzer and Kay Nolte Smith (popular fiction) and Terry Goodkind (science fiction). Her influence represents an important balance between many various types of American Literature and is a credit to the hybrid and versatile nature of her fiction.
Ayn Rand's Objectivist Virtues as the Foundation for Morality and Success in Business
Authors: Younkins Edward W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article contends that Ayn Rand's version of virtue ethics can supply a powerful foundation for operating a successful business. Rand's Objectivist virtues can provide an underpinning for a firm's long-term sustainable success, as well as for the flourishing and happiness of its employees. In order to attain a company's goals, values, and purpose, these virtues need to be integrated with the firm's culture and climate. The Objectivist virtues can supply an integrated framework for employees' decisions and actions. Leaders are encouraged to link these virtues to the survival and success of both the firm and its employees.
Risk Factors for Mortality among COVID-19 Patients in Besut Region, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Awang Hafizuddin , Yaacob Effah Leiylena , Ahmad Daud Arfizah , Ahmad Normahizan , Ishak Muhammad Solehuddin , Alias Nur Almas , Ghazali Nor Hafizah , Ismail Nur Farihin , Abd Khalim Mohd Adli , Mohamed Yusof Saidah Adilah , Samsury Siti Fatimah , Abd Rahman Mohd Anuar , Embong Kasemani 
Published: May 2022

Background: COVID-19 mortality is a public health issue in Malaysia and its contributing factors need to be addressed thoroughly. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in Besut region of Malaysia.

Materials and Methods: A 1:5 case-control study between deceased and survived groups among COVID-19 patients was conducted in Besut district, Terengganu state from 1st October 2020 until 16th September 2021 based on retrospective record review. The inclusion criteria for cases were individuals with laboratory RT-PCR confirmed positive test for COVID-19 and died during COVID-19 care period. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed for statistical analysis.

Result: There were 6464 COVID-19 cases in Besut district during the studied period. The proportion of COVID-19 mortality was 0.84%. Among the deceased group, majority of them were male (51.9%), symptomatic (87.0%), unvaccinated (94.4%); had COVID-19 of category 5 (31.5%) and comorbidity (81.5%). Multiple logistic regression revealed older age, stage 4 COVID-19, stage 5 COVID-19, symptomatic, cases with comorbidity and unvaccinated cases as the significant associated factors for COVID-19 mortality with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.10), p<0.001; AOR 92.61 (95%CI: 7.07, 1212.02), p=0.001; AOR 274.97 (95%CI: 25.27, 2991.74), p<0.001; AOR 8.83 (95%CI: 3.21, 24.28), p<0.001; AOR 46.72 (95%CI: 15.29, 142.70), p<0.001; and AOR 16.94 (95%CI: 6.34, 121.22), p=0.001, respectively.

Conclusion: Advanced age, severe stages of COVID-19, symptomatic cases, cases with comorbidity and unvaccinated cases were the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Emphasis should be given to these factors to ensure timely control and treatment strategies.
History of Music – A Further Approach
Authors: Chelaru Carmen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay emerged from an article in the press this year, regarding the ‘infamous’ decision of Oxford University to ‘give up teaching classical music in the name of political correctness’! My first thought was to take this journalistic excess seriously. However, knowing the prestige of this famous university, I wanted to know the real facts that caused this piece of news… and I soon found out the true data. Firstly: It is not – it cannot be! – about the elimination of classical music from the current academic and artistic activity. It is about the globalisation of musicologists’ interest and efforts toward the contemporary musical phenomenon. Secondly: The project called ‘Towards a Global History of Music’ was indeed initiated by the University of Oxford, but it was adopted and carried out by five other European universities, along with several internationally renowned musicologists outside the academic sphere. Thirdly: The project took place between 2013-2017, and in the years that followed, the main coordinator, Professor Reinhard Strohm, edited and published three volumes of studies on music from all over the world, in the past and nowadays, signed by researchers of the most diverse ages and backgrounds. Fourthly: They admit that the idea about a global musical history is not new - it goes back to more than two centuries ago, to the time of the Enlightenment of the 18th century. Fifth: What the historians, musicologists, ethnomusicologists, sociologists in question firmly and constructively assert is the correlation of the data provided by the observations and findings on the musical phenomenon of humanity. They thus insist on overcoming Eurocentric conceptions, in other words, approaching the musical phenomenon from anywhere in the world, without automatically relating it to models or units of measurement exclusively generated by European values or history. Moreover, a comparison between various musical phenomena in the world can help to explain and understand some realities, circumstances and, consequently, the elimination of some prejudices.
Elements of language in the kalophonic heirmoi of Macarie the Hieromonk and Visarion the Confessor
Authors: Sîrbu Adrian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The tradition of kalophonic eirmoi has at least two brand representatives in the Romanian Principalities. First of all, Macarie the Hieromonk, but also one of his disciples, Visarion the Confessor. Both lived or worked in the great lavra of the Neamț Monastery, one of the most important spiritual and cultural centers known to the pan-Orthodox world. The intrigue that gives rise to this material is the fact that these kalophonic eirmoi are not only exegeseis or adaptations in Romanian, but also enrichments, melodic processing that reveals individual or common stylistic features, elements of musical language, characteristics of Neamț Monastery tradition and more. The present study therefore intends to identify some of these stylistic elements and compositional techniques of the two composers who deeply marked the Romanian psaltic tradition, in the compositional genre of kalophony, using as study material some kalophonic eirmoi belonging to the plagal of the fourth mode.
New information in Romanian archives regarding the life and activity of musician Iosif Ivanovici
Authors: Lungu Mirela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Iosif Ivanovici was - surprisingly today - the most well-known Romanian composer from the late 19th century and the early 20th century on the international music scene. He was also an important exponent of Military music in our country. Information regarding the life and works of Iosif Ivanovici can be uncertain even today because of the difficulty in accessing documents from the military archives or the indifference with which this prolific musician was treated by the Romanian musicologists and performers in the last century. Another important factor that leads to the disregard of his work was the communist censorship of any expressions and investigations into the cultural works, which involved members of the Royal Family of Romania or were dedicated to them. An important part of Ivanovici’s compositions fall into this category. His representative composition, The Waves of the Danuve waltz, is even today popular all over the world, being part of soundtracks of tens of movies or being picked up and adapted by hundreds of musicians on the entire planet. This fact proves to us that Iosif Ivanovici is more famous and loved outside of Romania. Because of the access that we have today to multiple documentary sources, I have found hundreds of songs composed by the musician. With the help of these, we can understand not only his musical creativity, but also the subtle, joyful world of the era in which he lived, the era of the development of the modern Romanian state. During my research in various national archives, I have found clear data that proves the true value of the musician. These bring us welcome additions to our knowledge of the life and works of Iosif Ivanovici, The king of Romanian Waltz.
Piano Concerto and Jazz Music in the Second Half of the 20th Century. New Approaches to the Stylistic Fusion Concept
Authors: Amarandei Teodor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the early years of the twentieth century, jazz and academic music each followed a distinct path, each exhibiting its own stylistic evolution. Most jazz musicians did not have any formal musical education and those in the academic milieu were, in their turn, neither jazz performers nor jazz composers. With the evolution of the jazz genre and its penetration in the field of the concerto, jazz becomes a credible music and starts enjoying a well-defined and generally accepted value rank in its own right, to the point where classic music performers and composers become open to experimenting fusion with jazz. Piano concertos were initially timid in approaching such fusion and consisted of taking over and stylising some jazz-specific components and integrating them into their own piano concerto language. In the second half of the twentieth century, piano concertos capitalising on this stylistic mix grow more and more natural and elaborate, turning into a field for expression of the most diverse jazz / academic music fusion. The fundamental driver that prompted the growth in value of the piano concertos that were approaching the jazz-classic music fusion proved to be the gradual familiarisation of classical music composers with the two stylistic directions through their experience as performers or through their academic music education. This article provides a brief overview of the pluralistic approach of the piano concerto genre at the intersection between jazz and academic music creation in the second half of the twentieth century and in the early twenty-first century.
Kitsch aspects in film music
Authors: Doboş Cristian Ilie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
History has documented the human species’ struggles to understand beauty and communities’ efforts to grow through education. Figures of universal culture, such as Plato, Aristotle, G. W. F. von Leibniz, A. G. Baumgarten, I. Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, etc. tackled matters of aesthetics with great care. In the postmodernist period art, one of the four pillars of a peoples’ culture, together with language, history and religion, goes through a particular phase about which we cannot unequivocally say that is evolutionary. Under the onslaught of common people’s entertainment culture, contemporary art has a hard time maintaining its initial mission, that of elevating man’s soul and generating aesthetic projections of reality on a cognitive plane. The overwhelming significance that art and natural beauty carry in the intellectual life, beginning with the 18th century, is challenged by kitsch, this scourge, which came to prominence within society from the time when bourgeois civilization reached its peak, towards the end of the 19th century. Following a short presentation of various kitsch forms, associations and typologies in music, history, architecture, sculpture, decorative art and interior design, choreography, media, etc., we discuss kitsch aspects in film music, emphasising unjustified, incongruous and unempathetic associations between music and the rest of the filmic units. At the same time, we also present possible solutions for avoiding association errors. The examples are structured in the following subchapters: stylistic incongruities between filmic units vs. characteristics of the epoch augmented by music; using mainly dissonant or atonal sonorities in movies; exploring different cultures: ethnic music between deformation and authenticity; national and international in Romanian movies; representative songs - the more or less commercial exogenous motivation of film music; regarding the quantity of musical events in movies.
A novel principal component-based virtual sensor approach for efficient classification of gases/odors
Authors: Chaudhri Shiv Nath , Rajput Navin Singh , Mishra Ashutosh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-performance detection and estimation of gases/odors are challenging, especially in real-time gas sensing applications. Recently, efficient electronic noses (e-noses) are being developed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Further, CNNs perform better when they operate on a minimal size of vector response. In this paper, dimensions of the operational vectors have been augmented by using virtual sensor responses. These virtual responses are obtained from the principal components of the physical sensor responses. Accordingly, two sets of data are upscaled as a one-dimensional one. Another level of upscaling is further obtained by using the mirror mosaicking technique. Hence, with our proposed novel approach, the final vector size for CNN operations achieves a new dimension. With this upscaled hybrid dataset, consisting of physical and virtual sensor responses, a simpler CNN has achieved 100 percent correct classification in two different experimental settings. To the best of authors information, it is for the first time that an e-nose has been designed using a principal component-based hybrid, upscaled dataset and achieves 100 percent correct classification of the considered gases/odors.
Tectonomagmatic settings of Jurassic granitoids in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran: A review
Authors: Karimpour Mohammad Hassan , Shirdashtzadeh Nargess , Sadeghi Martiya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present paper discusses the geochemical affinities, origin and ages of Jurassic granitoids of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) in the eastern part of the Zagros Thrust Zone. A multidisciplinary, integrated approach was carried out using existing granitoid geochemical data (major, trace, rare earth element and isotopes) and knowledge of the regional geology (geodynamic and metamorphic setting), coupled with geophysical data (magnetic susceptibility) from granitoids in the SaSZ. We re-interpret and re-classify the Jurassic granitoids of this zone into three main genetic groups: S-type, I-type and A-type subduction-related ones. In the central to southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (between Hamadan and Sirjan), S-type magmatism appeared between 178 and 160 Ma during the Cimmerian orogeny, due to continental collision. To the north of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (between Sanandaj and Ghorveh), I-type and A-type magmatism occurred between 158 and 145 Ma. This heterogenic tectonomagmatic system along the SaSZ suggests a heterogenic subcontinental lithospheric mantle, resulting in two Jurassic tectonomagmatic zones of (1) the Sanandaj-Ghorveh Zone and (2) the Hamadan-Sirjan Zone.