bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tag type and surgery on migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Stöger Elisabeth , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Helle Turid , Wiers Tore , Hanssen Erlend M. , Vollset Knut Wiik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTagging salmon smolts to provide information about the timing of outmigration has been a common approach to monitor phenology and model the risk of encountering stressors. However, the validity of tagging has come under scrutiny because of the sensitivity of this parameter in various management systems. We studied the probability of migration, timing of migration and growth during migration for Atlantic salmon smolts tagged with three different tags in the River Dale, western Norway. Two groups were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags via a small ventral nonsurgical incision, either a 12 mm or a new 16 mm PIT tag. Two groups were subjected to surgical implantation of either a dummy acoustic transmitter or a 12 mm PIT tag (a sham surgery). Overall, 71% of the tagged smolts were recaptured at the downstream Wolf trap. Smolts from the sham tagged group were recaptured most frequently (78%) compared to dummy acoustic transmitters and 16 mm PIT tags (both 68%), but the differences were not significant. Results agree with prior assessments that longer smolts migrated earlier, with about half a day earlier migration for each millimetre total length of the smolt, but did not suggest any difference in time of migration among the tag types. Growth in length was evident from release to recapture, with smaller smolts exhibiting greater growth and no effect of tagging treatment. Our findings suggest that inferences about the timing of outmigration for salmon smolts based on acoustic tagging should be made cautiously because of the relationship among tag size, suitable fish size and the timing of a tagged individual's migration.
Establishment and experimental verification of temperature prediction model for quick‐frozen strawberry jetted with dry ice
Authors: Zhao Yanfeng , Ning Jinghong , Sun Zhaoyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the quick‐freezing model and heat transfer model of quick‐freezing of strawberries with dry ice at different flow speeds were proposed to ensure the quality of quick‐frozen strawberries and control the jetting amount of dry ice. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of internal and external temperature in the process of quick‐freezing strawberries by jetting dry ice. The quick‐freezing experiment platform of strawberries based on dry ice jetting was built for a quick‐freezing experiment of strawberries at a dry ice jetting flow speed of 0.30 m/s. As indicated by the results, the temperature of strawberries was more uniform under the dry ice jetting speed of 0.30 m/s. The highest and lowest temperature differences between the surface and center of strawberries (the simulated) were 15.7 and 39.7°C, respectively, and the quick‐freezing time of strawberries was 345 s. Compared with the experimental result, the error of quick‐freezing completion time was 5.79%. The differences measured in the experiment were 15.1 and 37.7°C, and the error accounted for 4.73% and 7.89%, respectively. The accuracy of the model was measured, mean relative error = 6.31% and root mean square error = 10.78%. As revealed by the results, the model had high universality and precision and could be used to analyze the temperature change during dry ice jetting‐based quick‐freezing of strawberries. The quality indexes of quick‐frozen strawberries before and after dry ice jetting were found to be better than the standard of quick‐frozen strawberries. Thus, the research results can provide a reference for a further development of energy‐saving and environmental dry ice jetting‐based quick‐freezing equipment.
Resign or carry‐on? District and principal leadership as drivers of change in teacher turnover intentions during the COVID‐19 crisis: A latent growth model examination
Authors: Matthews Russell A. , Wayne Julie H. , Smith Claire , Casper Wendy J. , Wang Yi‐Ren , Streit Jessica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, teachers in the United States, an already at‐risk occupation group, experienced new work‐related stressors, safety concerns, and work‐life challenges, magnifying on‐going retention concerns. Integrating the crisis management literature with the unfolding model of turnover, we theorize that leader actions trigger initial employee responses but also set the stage for on‐going crisis response that influence changes in teachers' turnover intentions. We apply latent growth curve modelling to test our hypotheses based on a sample of 617 K‐12 teachers using nine waves of data, including a baseline survey at the start of the 2020–2021 school year and eight follow‐up surveys (2‐week lags) through the Fall 2020 semester. In terms of overall adaptation, teachers on average, experienced an increase in work‐life balance and a decrease in turnover intentions over the course of the semester. Results also suggest that district and school leadership provide unique and complementary resources, but leader behaviours that shape initial crisis responses do not similarly affect employee responses during crisis, contrary to theory. Instead, teachers' adaptive crisis response trajectories were triggered by continued resource provision over the semester; increasing provision of valued resources (i.e., continued refinement of safety practices) and improvements in work‐life balance prevented turnover intentions from spiralling throughout the crisis. Crisis management theory and research should continue to incorporate temporal dynamics and identify factors that contribute to crisis response trajectories, using designs and analyses that allow for examination as crises unfold in real time.
Differential expression of glucose metabolism‐related genes and AMP‐activated protein kinases in crop tissue of male and female pigeons (Columba livia domestica) during the incubation and chick‐rearing periods
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Guo , Xie Peng , Song Chao , Liu Ting‐Wu , Gong Dao‐Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the carbohydrate contents of crop milk, insulin and glucose concentrations in serum and the expression patterns of AMP‐activated protein kinases (AMPKs) and genes related to glucose metabolism in pigeon crops during the breeding period. Crop milk was collected from squabs of rearing Day 1 (R1) to R6. Contents of total sugar and reducing sugar increased to the maximum levels at R6 (p < 0.05). Forty‐two pairs of adult pigeons were allotted to seven groups by different breeding stages, and their crops and serum were sampled. No significant differences were found in either insulin or glucose levels in serum. The glucose transporter 2 gene level was the greatest at R15 in females, whereas it was at R7 in males. However, sodium‐dependent glucose transporters 1 expression in both sexes decreased from incubation Day 17 (I17) to R7. In females, glucokinase expression peaked at R1, and at R1 and R7 in males. Pyruvate kinase mRNA levels peaked at R7 in females and at R15 males. The mRNA abundance of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase 1 in both sexes and glucose‐6‐phosphatase in females decreased after I10. While phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 expression decreased after I17 (p < 0.05). Protein levels of AMPKα in crops were minimized at R1 (p < 0.05). In females, expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 was inhibited at I17 and R1 (p < 0.05). In males, AMPKα1 expression was decreased at R7 (p < 0.05) and AMPKα2 was reduced at I10 and R1. pAMPK expression was the lowest at I17 in females, and it was at R7 and R25 in males. Conclusively, glycolysis in pigeon crops was enhanced during chick‐rearing, while gluconeogenesis was significantly inhibited. The stability of the insulin level suggests that it was probably not involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in crop tissues.
Punishing or rallying ‘round the flag? Heterogeneous effects of terrorism in South Tyrol
Authors: Belmonte Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the electoral effects of terrorism by examining a rich panel dataset on the South Tyrolean case. A Northern and predominantly German‐speaking region of Italy, South Tyrol was the theater of a long war of attrition fought between the majority language group and the Italian state for autonomy and independence. Using detailed information on the whole record of 337 terrorist attacks occurring between 1956 and 1991, I find that (i) low‐scale terror or attacks which targeted police forces negatively affected incumbent support; (ii) high‐scale terror or attacks which targeted civilians or caused deaths were conducive of rally‐round‐the‐Italian‐flag momenta; (iii) support to terrorists sensibly drops after deadly attacks. These findings highlight the role of terror intensity and violence in driving the impact of terrorism on incumbent actors and terrorist organizations and help reconcile the coexistence of seemingly contradictory effects of terrorism documented in the literature.
Fee versus royalty licensing in a Cournot duopoly with increasing marginal costs
Authors: Fauli‐Oller Ramon , Sandonís Joel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a symmetric homogeneous Cournot duopoly operating under increasing marginal costs. One of the firms owns a patented superior technology that reduces the intercept of the marginal cost function. We compare the incentives of the insider patentee to license the technology to the rival firm either through a fixed fee or through a royalty. We obtain that royalty licensing does not necessarily dominates in our setting: when decreasing returns are important, a royalty is superior only for small enough innovations, whereas a fixed fee is chosen for large innovations. Aditionally, we show that our model is able to replicate the results in Wang (2002), which analyzes the same question in a differentiated duopoly with constant marginal costs.
Inter‐sectoral relative price, inflation and structural transformation
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhasankar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the pattern of composition of sectoral output and consumption are well stylised during growth and structural transformation of an economy, the evidence on the movement of inter‐sectoral relative price is mixed across countries. This paper investigates how demand and supply side forces simultaneously shape structural transformation and the path of relative price in a two‐sector economy comprising an agricultural and a non‐agricultural sector. The model incorporates non‐homothetic preference, heterogeneous sectoral production functions with heterogeneous and exogenous total factor productivity growth. We further investigate how the equilibrium path of relative price contributes to inflation measured by proportionate changes in the aggregate price level which is an index of sectoral prices. We find that the equilibrium rate of inflation is always positive during structural transformation. The rate of inflation increases with increase in growth rate of the non‐agricultural sector and with a higher preference for agricultural goods, and reduces with an increase in the growth of the agricultural sector.
The loss and return of self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of coping and recovery from chronic hepatitis B in China
Authors: Hou Liqi , Zhang Yansong , Tang Suqin , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a prevalent disease with various negative consequences. The lived experience of coping and recovery of a patient with Chronic hepatitis B was explored in this study. A semistructured interview was conducted with one participant who had been recovered from Chronic hepatitis B for 10 years. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five superordinate themes emerged, including lingering in the shadow of death anxiety, diminished functioning of the self, adopting a highly disciplined lifestyle, receiving social support, and the return of the self with scars. The findings revealed that the disease is deeply associated with moral standing, which means the diagnosis of Chronic hepatitis B might imply a loss of moral face for Chinese people living with the condition. Our findings point to the need for increasing knowledge about chronic hepatitis B, decoupling the disease from a moral standpoint, and providing a supportive environment.
An empirical study of play duration and in‐app purchase behavior in mobile games
Authors: Jiao Yifan , Tang Christopher S. , Wang Jingqi 
Published: June 2022

In the context of free‐to‐play (FTP) mobile games, this paper seeks to examine one question: Which factors affect a player's play duration or in‐app purchases (of virtual items)? This research question has not been examined in the research literature. But it is an important one because the revenue of an FTP game developer is based on in‐app ads watched by players (which depend on play duration) and in‐app purchases. Using different regression models to analyze weekly data associated with 100,000 players' activities and expenditures of an FTP mobile game over a 3‐year period, we provide three key results and their implications. First, game performance has an “inverted‐U” effect. Players with exceptionally good/bad performance in 1 week tend to play for a shorter duration and make fewer purchases in the following week. This result implies that a game developer should monitor a player's performance and offer rewards to prevent players from dropping out. Second, virtual item novelty has a positive effect. Players who acquired new virtual items in 1 week tend to play for a longer duration and make more purchases in the following week. This result suggests that, to entice players to extend their play and increase their expenditure, the game developer should design customized virtual items with personalized pricing. Third, social interaction has a positive effect. Players who are “clan members” or played more with friends in 1 week tend to play for a longer duration and make more purchases in the following week. Hence, the game developer can benefit from this result by developing incentive for players to invite their friends to play together.
The impact of tariffs and price premiums of locally manufactured products on global manufacturers' sourcing strategies
Authors: Chen Kanglin , Wang Xin , Niu Baozhuang , Chen Ying‐Ju 
Published: June 2022

The past decade has seen significant pressure to return manufacturing to developed countries. Such movements call for import tariffs to be raised and consumers' valuation of products made from locally sourced components increased. These factors are believed to stimulate firms operating in a single market to source components locally. However, it is not clear that they are equally effective for multinational firms that produce and sell products in multiple markets. To enrich the understanding of this issue, we build a game‐theoretical model to analyze the sourcing decisions of a global manufacturer that maintains production sites and sells products in both domestic and foreign markets in a competitive environment. The firm can choose either to source components from suppliers located in the same markets as the manufacturing sites to gain tariff savings and a price premium from consumers' higher valuation, or to source all components from a single foreign supplier to obtain a lower sourcing cost. We find that the structure of the global supply chain plays a critical role in the firm's sourcing strategy. Consumers' higher valuation of locally manufactured goods always promotes local sourcing. Raising tariffs, however, might backfire and discourage local sourcing because of the firm's global supply chain structure and the foreign supplier's strategic response to higher tariffs. Finally, local sourcing may reduce the consumer surplus even though consumers place a higher value on locally manufactured goods. This paper sheds light on recent movements to return manufacturing to developed countries and demonstrates the importance of taking the manufacturer's global supply chain structure and vertical interaction with suppliers into account.
Detection of concealed knowledge via the ERP‐based technique Brain Fingerprinting: Real‐life and real‐crime incidents
Authors: Afzali M. Usman , Seren‐Grace Alex P. , Palmer Robin W. , Neumann Ewald , Makarious Sarah , Wilson Debra , Jones Richard D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrain Fingerprinting (BFP) is an electroencephalogram‐based system used to detect knowledge, or absence of knowledge of a real‐life incident (e.g., a crime) in a person's memory. With the help of BFP, a potential crime suspect can be classified as possessing crime‐related information (Information‐Present), not possessing crime‐related information (Information‐Absent), or Indeterminate (BFP unable to classify a subject). In the lab setting, we compare the ground‐truth of a subject (i.e., real‐life involvement in an incident) against their classification based on BFP testing. We report two studies: replication of BFP with university students (Study 1) and replication of BFP with parolees (Study 2). In Study 1, we tested 31 subjects (24 females, seven males, mean age = 21.3) on either their own or another subject's real‐life incident. BFP correctly classified nine Information‐Present and 18 Information‐Absent subjects, but with one false positive and three exclusions. In Study 2, we tested 17 male parolees (mean age = 47.5) on their own or another parolee's crime incident. BFP correctly classified two Information‐Present and six Information‐Absent subjects. However, there was also one false positive classification and three Indeterminates. Additionally, we identified three subjects who could not complete the BFP testing and two exclusions. We posit that BFP is not yet at a stage to be considered a robust and accurate crime‐detection tool as claimed in former articles. Nevertheless, after addressing the limitations, BFP has considerable potential as an information detection tool in forensic investigations, especially for detecting idiosyncratic crime‐relevant knowledge in a perpetrator, in addition to helping to confirm the accuracy of a suspect's claim of innocence.
Trunk‐dominant and classic facial pemphigus foliaceus in dogs – comparison of anti‐desmocollin‐1 and anti‐desmoglein‐1 autoantibodies and clinical presentations
Authors: Bizikova Petra , Linder Keith E. , Mamo Lisa B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCanine trunk‐dominant pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is mentioned rarely in the literature.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to provide clinical description of trunk‐dominant PF and to demonstrate the prevalence of serum antikeratinocyte, anti‐desmocollin‐1 (DSC1) and anti‐desmoglein‐1 (DSG1) antibodies, and determine their diagnostic value in this particular PF phenotype.Materials and methodsClinically relevant information was collected from 31, 25 and 34 dogs with trunk‐dominant and facial PF and superficial pyoderma (SP), respectively. Sera from these dogs were tested for antikeratinocyte, anti‐DSC1 and anti‐DSG1 antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence on canine tissues and DSC1‐ and DSG1‐transfected cells. Sera from healthy dogs and dogs with clinically irrelevant diseases served as controls.ResultsFootpad involvement and grouped/polycyclic lesion organisation were identified as features of both PF phenotypes, and not of SP. Antikeratinocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)G was not specific for canine PF. By contrast, antigen‐specific IgG was detected only in PF sera; anti‐DSC1 IgG in 100% and 58% of dogs with facial and trunk‐dominant PF, respectively, and anti‐DSG1 IgG in 7% of dogs with trunk‐dominant PF only.ConclusionsTrunk‐dominant PF shares DSC1 as a major autoantigen with facial PF. The ability to detect anti‐DSC1 IgG is lower in trunk‐dominant PF, yet despite the lower sensitivity, the positive predictive value and accuracy of this particular anti‐DSC1 IgG test are high. A negative test result, however, cannot exclude the diagnosis, and characteristic clinical features such as footpad involvement and/or grouped/polycyclic lesions must be considered when distinguishing trunk‐dominant PF from its most relevant differential diagnosis: SP.
A Six Degrees-of-Freedom Soft Robotic Joint With Tilt-Arranged Origami Actuator
Authors: Liu Sicong , Liu Jianhui , Zou Kehan , Wang Xiaocheng , Fang Zhonggui , Yi Juan , Wang Zheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Soft manipulators attract increasing interest in robotic applications involving the unstructured environment and human-robot interaction. The majority of the soft manipulator with fluidic actuators consists of joints that are constructed by parallel actuators, achieving rotation and extension. The inability to output twisting and lateral translations concurrently in the joints hinders the applications of such soft manipulators that require dexterous manipulation. In this work, the tilted actuator soft robotic (TASR) joint with 6DOF mobility, i.e., three rotations and three translations, is studied by kinematic modeling, simulations, and experiments. The 6DOF joint has a lightweight (74.8 g) due to the implementation of soft origami actuators (SOA) and soft-rigid structure. The investigation on the characteristics of the 4-joint assembly recorded maximum in-plane translations over a 70 mm range (70% of its diameter), axial translation over 50 mm (27% of its length), and rotations over 120 deg in all three directions. Kinematic modeling and FEM simulations have been carried out on the mechanical behaviors of the joint. A soft manipulator has been produced to verify the practicality of the joint in constructing the soft robotic systems, with the repetitive accuracy and movements demonstrated in an application scenario. The 6DOF TASR joint showed the potential to be implemented in constructing dexterous and lightweight soft robotic systems, with mass-production readiness.
An Inconsistency Fault Diagnosis Method for Lithium-Ion Cells in the Battery Pack Based on Piecewise Dimensionality Reduction and Outlier Identification
Authors: Wang Lujun , Hu Zhili , Tian Aina , Chang Chun , Wu Minghu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The inconsistency of cells in the battery pack is one of the main causes of battery failure. In practical applications, the terminal voltage is an important parameter that is easy to obtain and can characterize the inconsistency of cells. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method based on piecewise dimensionality reduction and outlier identification is proposed according to the voltage inconsistency of cells in the battery pack. This method uses a piecewise aggregate approximation (PAA) algorithm with a shift factor to reduce the dimension of the cell voltage time series, after which a deletion mechanism is designed based on the clustering algorithm and outlier identification to calculate the clustering quality after deleting each cell, reflecting the deviate degree of each cell. In addition, a safety management strategy is designed based on the Z-score method, and an abnormality coefficient is set to evaluate the inconsistency of cells. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnosis method is verified by monitoring the voltage data of two real-world electric vehicles. The verification results show that the method can not only detect the inconsistency before the failure of the faulty cell in the battery pack in advance, but also reduce the risk of computational explosion caused by the voltage time series and accurately locate the faulty cell.