bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient polymer‐mediated delivery system for thiocyclam: Nanometerization remarkably improves the bioactivity toward green peach aphids
Authors: Wang Ye , Xie Yong‐Hui , Jiang Qin‐Hong , Chen Hong‐Tao , Ma Rui‐Hao , Wang Zhi‐Jiang , Yin Mei‐Zhen , Shen Jie , Yan Shuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe unscientific application of synthetic pesticides has brought various negative effects on the environment, hindering the sustainable development of agriculture. Nanoparticles can be applied as carriers to improve pesticide delivery, showing great potential in the development of pesticide formulation in recent years. Herein, a star polymer (SPc) was constructed as an efficient pesticide nanocarrier/adjuvant that could spontaneously assemble with thiocyclam or monosultap into a complex, through hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding, respectively, with the pesticide‐loading contents of 42.54% and 19.3%. This complexation reduced the particle sizes of thiocyclam from 543.54 to 52.74 nm for pure thiocyclam, and 3 814.16 to 1 185.89 nm for commercial preparation (cp) of thiocyclam. Interestingly, the introduction of SPc decreased the contact angles of both pure and cp thiocyclam on plant leaves, and increased the plant uptake of cp thiocyclam to 2.4–1.9 times of that without SPc. Meanwhile, the SPc could promote the bioactivity of pure/cp thiocyclam against green peach aphids through leaf dipping method and root application. For leaf dipping method, the 50% lethal concentration decreased from 0.532 to 0.221 g/L after the complexation of pure thiocyclam with SPc, and that decreased from 0.390 to 0.251 g/L for cp thiocyclam. SPc seems a promising adjuvant for nanometerization of both pure and cp insecticides, which is beneficial for improving the delivery efficiency and utilization rate of pesticides.
Individual automatic detection and identification of big cats with the combination of different body parts
Authors: SHI Chunmei , XU Jing , ROBERTS Nathan James , LIU Dan , JIANG Guangshun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of facial recognition technology has become an increasingly powerful tool in wild animal individual recognition. In this paper, we develop an automatic detection and recognition method with the combinations of body features of big cats based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We collected dataset including 12 244 images from 47 individual Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) at the Siberian Tiger Park by mobile phones and digital camera and 1940 images and videos of 12 individual wild Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) by infrared cameras. First, the single shot multibox detector algorithm is used to perform the automatic detection process of feature regions in each image. For the different feature regions of the image, like face stripe or spots, CNNs and multi‐layer perceptron models were applied to automatically identify tiger and leopard individuals, independently. Our results show that the identification accuracy of Amur tiger can reach up to 93.27% for face front, 93.33% for right body stripe, and 93.46% for left body stripe. Furthermore, the combination of right face, left body stripe, and right body stripe achieves the highest accuracy rate, up to 95.55%. Consequently, the combination of different body parts can improve the individual identification accuracy. However, it is not the higher the number of body parts, the higher the accuracy rate. The combination model with 3 body parts has the highest accuracy. The identification accuracy of Amur leopard can reach up to 86.90% for face front, 89.13% for left body spots, and 88.33% for right body spots. The accuracy of different body parts combination is lower than the independent part. For wild Amur leopard, the combination of face with body spot part is not helpful for the improvement of identification accuracy. The most effective identification part is still the independent left or right body spot part. It can be applied in long‐term monitoring of big cats, including big data analysis for animal behavior, and be helpful for the individual identification of other wildlife species.
Resected stage I anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive lung adenocarcinoma has a negative impact on recurrence‐free survival
Authors: Fujibayashi Yusuke , Tane Shinya , Kitazume Mai , Kuroda Sanae , Kimura Kenji , Kitamura Yoshitaka , Nishio Wataru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical and prognostic implications of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) status in resected lung cancers remain unclear. In this study we analyzed the prognostic and predictive significance of ALK‐positive among patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 197 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete surgical resection and had been tested for their ALK status. We investigated the impact of an ALK‐positive status on the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) and examined the predictive factors for an ALK‐positive status.ResultsALK positivity was noted in 36 (18%) out of 197 patients, and when limited to stage I patients, in 24 (19%) out of 124. In the pathological‐stage I population, while the OS exhibited no significant difference between ALK‐positive and ALK‐negative patients (5‐year OS rate, 81.2% vs. 89.8%, p = 0.226), the RFS of ALK‐positive patients was significantly worse than that of ALK‐negative patients (5‐year RFS rate, 55.9% vs. 78.8%, p = 0.018). A multivariate analysis showed that ALK‐positive status (hazard ratio [HR] 3.431, p = 0.009) was an independent prognostic factor for the RFS. Regarding the relationship between clinicopathological factors and an ALK‐positive status, a high‐grade histological subtype, including solid and micropapillary subtypes (odds ratio [OR] 5.464, p < 0.001), and never‐smokers (OR 4.292, p = 0.018) were associated with ALK‐positive.ConclusionA high‐grade histological subtype and never‐smokers were associated with ALK positivity, and the RFS of ALK‐positive patients was worse than that of ALK‐negative patients among patients with completely resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
MHC class I‐α population differentiation in a commercial fish, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Ratcliffe Frances C. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdentifying population structuring in highly fecund marine species with high dispersal rates is challenging, but critical for conservation and stock delimitation for fisheries management. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a commercial species of fisheries and aquaculture relevance whose stocks are declining in the North Atlantic, despite management measures to protect them and identifying their fine population structure is needed for managing their exploitation. As for other marine fishes, neutral genetic markers indicate that eastern Atlantic sea bass form a panmictic population and is currently managed as arbitrarily divided stocks. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are key components of the adaptive immune system and ideal candidates to assess fine structuring arising from local selective pressures. We used Illumina sequencing to characterise allelic composition and signatures of selection at the MHC class I‐α region of six D. labrax populations across the Atlantic range. We found high allelic diversity driven by positive selection, corresponding to moderate supertype diversity, with 131 alleles clustering into four to eight supertypes, depending on the Bayesian information criterion threshold applied, and a mean number of 13 alleles per individual. Alleles could not be assigned to particular loci, but private alleles allowed us to detect regional genetic structuring not found previously using neutral markers. Our results suggest that MHC markers can be used to detect cryptic population structuring in marine species where neutral markers fail to identify differentiation. This is particularly critical for fisheries management, and of potential use for selective breeding or identifying escapes from sea farms.
Chimpanzees as ecosystem service providers: Seed dispersal of an economically important plant resource
Authors: Aguado William D. , Rogers Haldre S. , Pruetz Jill D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVertebrate‐mediated seed dispersal is vital to the maintenance of diversity in tropical ecosystems, and seed‐dispersing animals are increasingly thought to provide ecosystem services by dispersing the seeds of plant species utilized by people. However, few studies have demonstrated a link between vertebrate frugivores and plants used by people, thus limiting the generalizability of the seed‐disperser‐as‐ecosystem‐service‐provider concept. We examined the effectiveness of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as seed dispersers (i.e., their influence on seedling recruitment) of an economically important fruit resource, Saba senegalensis, at the site of Fongoli, a savanna‐woodland environment in southeastern Senegal. The fruit from the Saba vine is commonly harvested from the wild by local people and is also an important food item for chimpanzees. We conducted germination experiments on gut‐passed seeds alongside non‐gut‐passed seeds and analyzed the germination success of chimpanzee‐dispersed seeds in situ. We also analyzed the effect of habitat type and canopy cover at each seed dispersal site to determine which sites are most suitable for Saba germination. Germination trials showed that chimpanzee gut passage and manual pulp removal increased the likelihood of germination over seeds left intact. Nearly a quarter of chimpanzee‐dispersed seeds germinated in situ and Saba seeds were distributed nonrandomly throughout Fongoli, with more dispersed seeds found in habitats most suitable for Saba germination. These results suggest that chimpanzees aid in the early stages of Saba recruitment and thus provide an ecosystem service via seed dispersal that may contribute to the well‐being of local people.Abstract in French is available with online material.
Contribution of psychosocial vulnerability and resilience to academic achievement of primary school children in South Africa
Authors: van Breda Adrian D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the contribution of psychosocial vulnerability and resilience to the academic achievement of primary school children attending a low‐fee, private, primary school in a township in Gauteng province, South Africa. In poorer communities, family and community challenges can be overwhelming, compromising the capacity of children to engage in education and achieve academically. The study draws on quantitative data from 116 primary school children, plus at least one family member (mostly mothers), including measures of family vulnerability and resilience, child resilience and reading and spelling scores. Vulnerability on its own had little impact on participants' academic achievement. However, the resilience of the child, as perceived by the family member, did impact academic achievement, but only for children with higher levels of vulnerability. This supports the buffering and differential impact theories in resilience. Implications for school social work practice are set out.
Validation of a smart shirt for heart rate variability measurements at rest and during exercise
Authors: Schams Peter , Feodoroff Boris , Zacher Jonas , Eibl Angi , Froböse Ingo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) monitoring is a promising option to estimate the autonomic nervous system regulation responding to exercise. Textiles with embedded sensors recording heartbeat intervals are a simple tool for data collection. The so‐called smart shirts offer comfort for daily use and are managed easily. Their measurement accuracy for HRV calculation at rest is promising, but remains questionable during exercise. Therefore, the present study validated the Ambiotex smart shirt using HRV indices (root mean square of successive differences, rel. HF power [high‐frequency power percentage of total power] and rel. LF [low‐frequency power percentage of total power] power) during exercise. Eighty‐three healthy participants (31 ± 6 years; 39 females, 44 males) completed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer wearing the smart shirt and an electrocardiogram simultaneously. We compared HRV indices of segments at rest (5 min), at warm‐up (3 min) and twice at the exercise test (each 5 min). At rest and at warm‐up, we observed excellent linear relationship (r > 0.96; R2​​​​​ > 0.94), excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.98; α ≥ 0.98) and acceptable agreement (bias < 10%). During the exercise test, measurement accuracy declined with increasing intensity but remained high (>0.8), although results for partial HRV indices were insufficient. In addition, percentage bias was unacceptable during an exercise test. However, the findings support the validity of the smart shirt for measuring HRV, especially at rest and at warm‐up. We suggest using the smart shirt for monitoring HRV indices on a daily basis, but caution should be taken in the interpretation of HRV indices obtained during moderate to vigorous exercise intensities.
Living at the limit in the Pyrenees: Peripheral and endemic plants are rare but underrepresented in protection lists
Authors: Pironon Samuel , Gómez Daniel , Font Xavier , García María B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMountains shelter high biological diversity and constitute both important barriers and confluence areas for species. They often contain species whose populations occur at their range limit (peripheral species), which according to the “Centre‐Periphery” hypothesis (CPH) are expected to occur in marginal environments, exhibit low abundance and consequently high vulnerability. Our study investigates this hypothesis for the flora of the Pyrenees, a biogeographical crossroads containing a large proportion of the total European plant diversity.LocationPyrenees.MethodsWe determined whether more than 2600 native plant species were endemic to the Pyrenees or found at the centre or periphery of their whole distribution range within the mountain chain. We then compared the ecological preferences, local and regional abundance, and conservation status among central, peripheral and endemic species.ResultsA quarter of the flora was found at its geographic range limit within the Pyrenees. Endemic and peripheral species were more likely to be soil specialists in alpine grasslands and rocks, and exhibited smaller regional ranges than central species, but their local abundance did not tend to differ. Peripheral species at their southern range edge were more widespread regionally than at their northern range edge. Peripheral taxa were more prevalent in the Pyrenean red list of threatened species (55%) compared to national and regional protection lists (40% and 31%, respectively).Main conclusionsPeripheral species contribute substantially to the diversity of the Pyrenean flora. They follow the predictions of the CPH given their occurrence in scarce habitats, their low regional abundance and their high vulnerability according to the Pyrenean red list, although they tend to show similar local abundances as other species and are infrequent in protection lists. Integrative and cross‐border assessments of the ecology and rarity of mountain floras provide better estimates of their vulnerability and ensure more efficient prioritization of their conservation.
Parents’ experiences of using remote monitoring technology to manage type 1 diabetes in very young children during a clinical trial: Qualitative study
Authors: Hart Ruth I. , Kimbell Barbara , Rankin David , Allen Janet M. , Boughton Charlotte K. , Campbell Fiona , de Beaufort Carine , Fröhlich‐Reiterer Elke , Ware Julia , Hofer Sabine E. , Kapellen Thomas M. , Rami‐Merhar Birgit , Thankamony Ajay , Hovorka Roman , Lawton Julia ,   the KidsAP Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore parents’ experiences of using remote monitoring technology when caring for a very young child with type 1 diabetes during a clinical trial.MethodsInterviews were conducted with parents of 30 children (aged 1–7 years) participating in a trial (the KidsAP02 study) comparing hybrid closed‐loop insulin delivery with sensor‐augmented pump therapy. In both arms, parents had access to remote monitoring technology. Data analysis focused on identification of descriptive themes.ResultsRemote monitoring technology gave parents improved access to data which helped them pre‐empt and manage glucose excursions. Parents observed how, when children were in their own care, they could be more absent while present, as their attention could shift to non‐diabetes‐related activities. Conversely, when children were others’ care, remote monitoring enabled parents to be present while absent, by facilitating oversight and collaboration with caregivers. Parents described how remote monitoring made them feel more confident allowing others to care for their children. Parents’ confidence increased when using a hybrid closed‐loop system, as less work was required to keep glucose in range. Benefits to children were also highlighted, including being able to play and sleep uninterrupted and attend parties and sleepovers without their parents. While most parents welcomed the increased sense of control remote monitoring offered, some noted downsides, such as lack of respite from caregiving responsibilities.ConclusionsRemote monitoring can offer manifold benefits to both parents and very young children with type 1 diabetes. Some parents, however, may profit from opportunities to take ‘time out’.
Cold tolerance and winter survival of seasonally‐acclimatised second‐instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana
Authors: Delisle Johanne , Bernier‐Cardou Michèle , Labrecque Alain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field‐acclimatised spruce budworm larvae, Choristoneura fumiferana, supercool to as low as −41.6°C in winter months. Yet the extent to which they can withstand exposures to temperatures slightly above their supercooling point has never been investigated. In both January and February 2018, we tested various combinations of sub‐zero temperatures (−37 to −42°C) and exposure durations (0.75–12 h) to estimate the combinations of temperature and exposure durations required to kill half the population (LTT50). At −37 or −38°C, the estimated emergence probability was about 0.80 at all exposure durations. In contrast, the LTT50 was reached after 11.4 h at −39°C, 9.4 h at −40°C, and 3 h at −41°C. A temperature of −42°C was fatal to most larvae.
During the winters of 2017, 2018 and 2019, survival experiments were conducted at three latitudes (46–48°N) in Québec. Regardless of the year or latitude, none of the daily minimum temperatures recorded in January or February were cold enough to reach the LTT50. However, the sudden drops in temperature that occurred after the winter thaw of March and in early December 2018 were likely responsible for the low proportions of emerged larvae observed.
Hence, despite the high capacity of spruce budworm larvae to withstand very low sub‐zero temperatures in winter months, they remain highly vulnerable to cold spells during their early diapause or post‐diapause development. Such climatic disturbances deserve more attention, as they may increase under climate change.
Evolution from a first clinical demyelinating event to multiple sclerosis in the REFLEX trial: Regional susceptibility in the conversion to multiple sclerosis at disease onset and its amenability to subcutaneous interferon beta‐1a
Authors: Battaglini Marco , Vrenken Hugo , Tappa Brocci Riccardo , Gentile Giordano , Luchetti Ludovico , Versteeg Adriaan , Freedman Mark S. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Kappos Ludwig , Comi Giancarlo , Seitzinger Andrea , Jack Dominic , Sormani Maria Pia , Barkhof Frederik , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIn the REFLEX trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00404352), patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (FCDE) displayed significantly delayed onset of multiple sclerosis (MS; McDonald criteria) when treated with subcutaneous interferon beta‐1a (sc IFN β‐1a) versus placebo. This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of sc IFN β‐1a on spatio‐temporal evolution of disease activity, assessed by changes in T2 lesion distribution, in specific brain regions of such patients and its relationship with conversion to MS.MethodsPost hoc analysis of baseline and 24‐month magnetic resonance imaging data from FCDE patients who received sc IFN β‐1a 44 μg once or three times weekly, or placebo in the REFLEX trial. Patients were grouped according to McDonald MS status (converter/non‐converter) or treatment (sc IFN β‐1a/placebo). For each patient group, a baseline lesion probability map (LPM) and longitudinal new/enlarging and shrinking/disappearing LPMs were created. Lesion location/frequency of lesion occurrence were assessed in the white matter.ResultsAt Month 24, lesion frequency was significantly higher in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and corticospinal tract (CST) of converters versus non‐converters (p < 0.05). Additionally, the overall distribution of new/enlarging lesions across the brain at Month 24 was similar in placebo‐ and sc IFN β‐1a‐treated patients (ratio: 0.95). Patients treated with sc IFN β‐1a versus placebo showed significantly lower new lesion frequency in specific brain regions (cluster corrected): ATR (p = 0.025), superior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.042), CST (p = 0.048), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.048).ConclusionsT2 lesion distribution in specific brain locations predict conversion to McDonald MS and show significantly reduced new lesion occurrence after treatment with sc IFN β‐1a in an FCDE population.
Autologous lipoaspirate as a new treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: A review on literature
Authors: van der Sluis Nanouk , Scheers Esther C.A.H. , Krenning Guido , van der Lei Berend , Oonk Maaike H.M. , van Dongen Joris A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that mostly affects the genital and anal skin areas. Symptoms may vary from pruritis and pain to sexual dysfunction; however, LS can also be asymptomatic. LS occurs at all ages and in both sexes. Approximately 5% of all women affected by vulvar LS will develop vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Topical treatment is safe but less effective resulting in chronic course in most patients, who suffer from persistent itching and pain. In severe cases of therapy‐resistant LS, there is no adequate treatment. Fat grafting is a novel regenerative therapy to reduce dermal fibrosis. The therapeutic effect of adipose tissue grafts for LS is already investigated in various pioneering studies. This review provides an overview of these studies and the putative mechanisms‐of‐action of fat grafting to treat LS.
Health Libraries Group at 75
Authors: Hawker Lynsey , Ghumra Imrana ,   Co‐Chairs Health Libraries Group 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCelebrating its 75th year in 2022, Lynsey Hawker and Imrana Ghumra, Co‐Chairs of the Health Libraries Group (HLG) look back on its origins, celebrate key activities and achievements. From its humble beginnings as the Medical Section of the UK Library Associations’ University and Research Section, becoming a Section in its own right, its evolution as the Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group. Celebrating its publications, awards, partnership working and advocacy work, they invite you to share your memories and reflections on the HLG and its previous incarnations.