bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global and Regional Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attributable to Low Physical Activity From 1990 to 2021
Authors: Yang Lihang , Xie Diya , Liu Fengmin , Lin Jiaying , Lin Xin , Chen Yuquan , Zhang Kun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to the heavy burden, but there lacks latest and comprehensive global research on the burden of T2DM attributable to low physical activity (LPA). This study aimed to quantify the global and regional burden of T2DM attributable to LPA from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe utilized data including disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (ASDR), and age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMR) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We assessed the burden across different ages, genders, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to estimated average annual percent change (AAPC).ResultsBetween 1990 and 2021, DALYs and mortality of T2DM attributable to LPA increased rapidly. There was an increase in the ASDR and ASMR, with AAPC of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03–1.16) and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.2–0.43), which was increased faster in males. Low‐middle SDI countries have the highest ASDR and highest ASMR. The global PAF for ASDR and ASMR in 2021 is 7.38% and 9.45%. A U‐shaped drift pattern was observed in most SDI quintiles in APC model. Population growth is a major contributor to the burden of T2DM, especially in countries with low SDI. Epidemiological changes also play an important role in DALYs and mortality. A negative correlation existed between SDI and both ASMR and ASDR.ConclusionBetween 1990 and 2021, there was a marked rise in the global burden of T2DM associated with LPA. The findings lay the groundwork for informed decision‐making a public health and healthcare delivery.
TangBi Formula for Painful Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled and Parallel‐Group Trial
Authors: Zhao Xuefei , An Xuedong , Cui Yashan , Dong Liu , Fang Zhaohui , Zheng Zhonghua , Zuo Xinhe , Gao Huailin , Gao Tianshu , Ni Qing , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether the use of herbal medicines combined with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional medication alone in improving clinical symptoms in patients with diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN).MethodsThis multicenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial recruited patients from 6 clinical centers in mainland China. A total of 188 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the treatment group (Tangbi Formula plus methylcobalamin) and the control group (placebo plus methylcobalamin). Subjects were reassessed after the 24‐week intervention. The primary outcomes were differences in changes in clinical signs and symptoms and changes in the Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS) between the two groups before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and single clinical signs and symptoms as measured by the visual‐analogue scale (VAS) and Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS).ResultsCompared with the placebo group, after 24 weeks of treatment, the MDNS score of TangBi Formula group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in NCV results in either group before or after treatment. Compared with baseline, the difference in the change value of VAS score between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant (p = 0.031). A statistically significant difference in the change value of TCSS after treatment compared to baseline was found between the two groups (p = 0.033 at 12 weeks and p = 0.030 at 24 weeks). No severe adverse events due to study participation or study intervention were reported.Conclusions and RelevanceThis trial demonstrated that combining Tangbi Formula with basal therapy can be safer and more effective in improving the symptoms of DSPN patients.
Dietary cinnamon promotes longevity and extends healthspan via mTORC1 and autophagy signaling
Authors: Guo Yuling , Zhang Qing , Zhang Bi , Pan Tong , Ronan Elizabeth A. , Huffman Anthony , He Yongqun , Inoki Ken , Liu Jianfeng , Xu X.Z. Shawn 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCinnamon, renowned for its aromatic flavor, represents one of the most widely used spices worldwide. Cinnamon is also considered beneficial to human health with therapeutic potential for treating various diseases, ranging from diabetes and cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying cinnamon's health benefits remain elusive. It is also unclear whether cinnamon has any role in aging. Using C. elegans as a model, here we show that feeding worms cinnamaldehyde (CA), the active ingredient in cinnamon oil, prolongs longevity. CA also promotes stress resistance and reduces β‐Amyloid toxicity in a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Mechanistically, CA exerts its beneficial effects through mTORC1 and autophagy signaling. Interestingly, CA promotes longevity by inducing a dietary restriction‐like state without affecting food intake, suggesting CA as a dietary restriction mimetic. In human cells, CA exerts a similar effect on mTORC1 and autophagy signaling, suggesting a conserved mechanism. Our results demonstrate that dietary cinnamon promotes both lifespan and healthspan and does so by regulating mTORC1 and autophagy signaling.
I was wrong when I studied Russian nuclear weapons scientists
Authors: Gusterson Hugh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHaving successfully completed fieldwork in a US nuclear weapons community, I went to Russia to interview a handful of the country's nuclear weapons scientists. Epistemologically, I made the mistake of viewing them more as variant weapons designers rather than as Russians. More seriously, I failed to think through in advance the risks to myself and to my human subjects of interviewing important national security personnel in an (until recently) enemy state where practices of surveillance and arbitrary detention were more salient than in the United States. This partly reflected a broader common sense in anthropology that focuses concern on vulnerable human subjects at the bottom of social structures, not on elites. In subsequent years the digitization of information has at least made it easier to conduct such fieldwork without carrying sensitive data across national borders.
Initiation of Anticoagulants During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Sweden: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Samuelsen Per‐Jostein , Wettermark Björn , Nyberg Fredrik , Hajiebrahimi Mohammadhossein 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic may have increased anticoagulant initiation due to the thrombogenic nature of the disease or decreased due to the societal impact of the pandemic. We aimed to study the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on initiation of anticoagulants in Sweden. We conducted a single interrupted time series analysis on the monthly cumulative incidence of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC), warfarin, or heparins, before and after March 2020, using SCIFI‐PEARL dataset. For anticoagulants in total, there were no statistically significant changes or differences in the trends of initiation after the start of the pandemic. There was a slight numerical decrease in initiation after the onset of the pandemic, particularly for NOACs. For individuals aged ≥ 65 years, however, the immediate decrease in initiation was considerable for NOACs. The prepandemic declining trend of warfarin initiation seemed to attenuate, that is, became less negative, after March 2020. We did not find any profound effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the initiation of anticoagulants in total. However, among individuals aged ≥ 65 years, a notable immediate decrease in initiation of NOACs was observed. Furthermore, the onset of the pandemic may have attenuated the downward temporal trend in initiation of warfarin use.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of avatrombopag in Chinese children with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A real‐world observational study
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Zhifa , Liu Jingjing , Hu Yu , Dong Shuyue , Chen Hui , Meng Jinxi , Ma Jingyao , Chen Zhenping , Cheng Xiaoling , Wu Runhui 
Published: January 2025

SummaryAvatrombopag is a newly approved thrombopoietin receptor agonist for second‐line treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults. Our previous study showed its efficacy and safety in a small sample of paediatric ITP patients. However, large samples and long‐term data are still lacking. Children diagnosed with ITP and treated with avatrombopag for at least 4 weeks were enrolled. In 94 ITP patients with a median age of 7.43 (interquartile range (IQR), 4.82, 10.80) years, the median effective dose was 10 (IQR, 10, 20) mg for children under 6 years old and 20 (IQR, 20, 40) mg for children under 18 years old. The overall response was achieved in 72.3% (68/94) and 73.4% (58/79) of patients within 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The sustained response at 24 weeks and 48 weeks were 62.3% (33/53) and 51.6% (16/31) respectively. The occurrence of bleeding events, rescue therapy and concomitant ITP medication decreased during the follow‐up period. For safety, thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥400 × 109/L) was the most frequent adverse event (AE) observed in 44 children 97 times. Long‐term treatment with avatrombopag in ITP children showed a rapid and sustained platelet response and good bleeding control without significant or new AEs.
From denial to the power of saying no: The story of a sick child
Authors: Velt Johanna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this article, I examine the work of the negative, in particular denial, through the case of a sick child and his family, and its transformations. A child's serious illness mobilizes the family group in particular to deny, in a collusive manner, breakdown and death anxieties. I hypothesize that Emile's serious illness shifted the family alliance from a narcissistic contract to a negative pact. However, according to several authors, the negative has a double significance and can be structuring. I will show how therapy and playing with this child encouraged the emergence of greater symbolization and the elaboration of the Oedipus complex, or how to move from a devastating, disorganising negative, a pure product of the death drive, to a structuring negative, where life drives and death drives become entangled. The analyst's investment in the child's psychic life allows the objectalising function to unfold, which, as this therapy shows, involves taking the sexual function into account. Narcissistic issues are also dealt with, in an intricate way.
Kinematics of Submarine Channels in Response to Bank Failures
Authors: Bouchakour Massine , Zhao Xiaoming , Gamboa Davide , Miclăuș Crina , McArthur Adam D. , Cao Shuchun , Yang Li 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSubmarine channel systems play a crucial role in the delivery of clastic sediments, organic carbon and pollutants across continental margins, and help define the stratigraphic architecture of deep‐sea fans and their associated reservoirs. These systems generate complex lateral migration dynamics and resulting sedimentary architectures, which are often overprinted by a variety of local factors. For example, the debris from channel‐wall collapses may block or restrict channel flow, thereby influencing the kinematics of stacking elements and the sinuosity of channels. Here, we investigate the responses of submarine channels to bank failures, using quantitative approaches from the Niger Delta Fulani Channel. Using 3D seismic data, we introduce a novel approach to interpreting the structural framework of channels, referred to as the structural gradient, which quantifies the relationship between sedimentary architecture and underlying structures. Bank failure mass transport deposits (MTDs) were characterised by downstream changes of cross‐sectional area and the proportion of collapsed material deposited. These parameters were used to correlate the responses of channel width, thickness, aspect ratio and lateral migration, as well as the channel planform parameters (i.e., sinuosity and meander amplitude) to the occurrence of flanking MTDs. Our results demonstrate that bank failures significantly influence channel sinuosity by causing localised swings in channel pathways, impacting the overall channel morphology and stratigraphic evolution. The relationships between all channel parameters depend on the ratios of bank failures, and locations of channel‐wall failures. The combined effects of bank failure confinement and structural growth control channel element stacking patterns, resulting in vertical stacks related to compensational relationships between adjacent channel complexes. Significant confinements by MTD emplacement led to rapid channel infill linked to progressive flow relaxation promoting progressive lateral mobility. Channel migration is limited by MTD accumulation to a maximum width of 1700 m. Channel lateral shift reacts to channel‐wall collapses, resulting in limited lateral mobility at regional scale. We show for the first time how the kinematics of submarine channels evolved in terms of the constraints of channel‐wall collapses and active structural deformation.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Hand Eczema Among Adults in Denmark: A General Population‐Based Study
Authors: Thein David , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Ribero Simone , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe epidemiology of chronic hand eczema (CHE) remains poorly examined.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of CHE in a general adult population and describe the characteristics of affected individuals.MethodsWe investigated the prevalence and characteristics of CHE using a random sample from the general Danish population (The Danish Skin Cohort). CHE was defined as eczema on the hands or wrists during a minimum of three consecutive months or reoccurrence of hand eczema at least twice within 12 months.ResultsOut of 11 166 adults, 1306 experienced hand eczema (HE) at some point in their lifetime. Within the last 12 months, 408 (3.7%) experienced HE, of which 332 (81.4%) reported CHE. The crude 1‐year period prevalence of CHE was 3.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7%–3.3%) while the standardised prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI, 3.3%–3.6%). Among adults with CHE, 70.8% were female, and the mean age was 48.0 years (standard deviation 16.6 years). Most individuals with CHE had two relapses (n = 309, 93.1%), while n = 206, 61.1%, had HE for more than 3 months. Compared to HE, CHE was more likely diagnosed by a dermatologist and affect the fingers and back of the hand.ConclusionThe standardised prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI, 3.3%–3.6%) and 4.2% (95% CI, 4.0%–4.4%) for CHE and HE, respectively. We identified a large overlap between HE and CHE (81.4%) in adults from the general population, indicating that many individuals affected by eczema on the hands may experience a chronic course.
Study Protocol of the Korean EGFR Registry: A Multicenter Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Study in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients With EGFR Mutation
Authors: Yeo Chang Dong , Park Dong Won , Yoon Seong Hoon , Kim Eun Young , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Shin Yup , Choi Chang‐Min , Oh In‐Jae , Kim Do Jin , Ryu Jeong Seon , Lee Jae Cheol , Kim Young‐Chul , Jang Tae Won , Lee Kye Young , Jang Seung Hun , Kim Seung Joon ,   for the Korean EGFR Registry Investigators
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe provision of treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has increased in Korea. However, multicenter studies on the clinicopathologic dataset and treatment outcomes, using a large‐scale dataset, have not been conducted. The current study is a prospective and retrospective multicenter observational cohort study that registers all stages of EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients.MethodsThe Korean EGFR Registry was designed to enroll 2000 patients with all stages of EGFR‐mutated NSCLC from 40 university hospitals across Korea. This study, encompassing both retrospective and prospective cohorts, aims to analyze clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes in these patients. Data collection will include patient demographics, smoking history, quality of life assessments, pathological data, and treatment outcomes, with follow‐up until December 2026. The primary endpoint is disease‐free survival in patients who have undergone radical therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) or progression‐free survival in those receiving targeted therapy (first, second, and subsequent lines), chemotherapy (first and subsequent lines), combination therapy, and palliative/maintenance therapy according to stages of EGFR‐mutated NSCLC. The study will explore the diagnostic methods for EGFR mutations, clinical outcomes based on treatment modalities, and metastatic patterns in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients. Moreover, it will investigate various aspects, including the safety and efficacy of a new third‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), lazertinib, approved for both first‐ and second‐line treatments.DiscussionThis study is expected to provide valuable insights into the epidemiology, risk factors, progression, and treatment outcomes of EGFR‐mutated NSCLC in Korea. The Korean EGFR Registry will contribute significantly to the understanding of the complex dynamics of EGFR‐mutated NSCLC, aiding in the development of more effective and personalized treatment strategies.
Prediction of Cisplatin‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury Using an Interpretable Machine Learning Model and Electronic Medical Record Information
Authors: Ambe Kaori , Aoki Yuka , Murashima Miho , Wachino Chiharu , Deki Yuto , Ieda Masaya , Kondo Masahiro , Furukawa‐Hibi Yoko , Kimura Kazunori , Hamano Takayuki , Tohkin Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPredicting cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (Cis‐AKI) before its onset is important. We aimed to develop a predictive model for Cis‐AKI using patient clinical information based on an interpretable machine learning algorithm. This single‐center retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 years who received the first course of cisplatin chemotherapy from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, at Nagoya City University Hospital. Cis‐AKI‐positive patients were defined using the serum creatinine criteria of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guideline within 14 days of the last day of cisplatin administration in the first course. Patients who received cisplatin but did not develop AKI were considered negative. The CatBoost classification model was constructed with 29 explanatory variables, including laboratory values, concomitant medications, medical history, and cisplatin administration information. In total, 1253 patients were included, of whom 119 developed Cis‐AKI (9.5%). The median time of AKI onset was 7 days, and the interquartile range was 5–8 days. The mean ± standard deviation of the total cisplatin dose in the initial treatment was 77.9 ± 27.1 mg/m2 in Cis‐AKI‐positive patients and 69.3 ± 22.6 mg/m2 in Cis‐AKI‐negative patients. The predictive performance was an ROC‐AUC of 0.78. Model interpretation using SHapley Additive exPlanations showed that concomitant use of intravenous magnesium preparations was negatively correlated with Cis‐AKI, whereas loop diuretics were positively correlated. This suggests the need for magnesium preparations to prevent AKI, although the effects of diuretics may be small. Our model can predict Cis‐AKI early and may be helpful for its avoidance.
Metabolic interventions as adjunctive therapies to insulin in type 1 diabetes: Current clinical landscape and perspectives
Authors: Podobnik Juliana , Prentice Kacey J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is classically characterized as an autoimmune disease wherein the immune system erroneously attacks insulin‐producing pancreatic β‐cells, causing insulin insufficiency and severe metabolic dysregulation. However, intensive investigation and numerous clinical trials with immunotherapies have been largely unable to significantly alter the course of disease. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent or cure T1D, and insulin remains the cornerstone of T1D treatment. In recent years, a growing body of research suggests that β‐cells actively contribute to the immune response and to disease development. Factors including glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress can induce β‐cell apoptosis and senescence, further promoting insulitis. Recent studies highlight the importance of targeting metabolic control for T1D management and treatment. Metabolic interventions, through their direct and indirect impacts on β‐cells, have shown promise in preserving β‐cell function. These interventions can reduce glucose toxicity, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and indirectly mitigate the autoimmune responses. By preserving β‐cell function, individuals with T1D attain better glycaemic control, reduced complication risks and exhibit improved overall metabolic health. Here, we provide an overview of insights from clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that collectively demonstrate that adjunctive metabolic interventions can enhance glycaemic control, reduce insulin requirements and mitigate adverse effects associated with insulin monotherapy. They also show potential for halting disease progression, preserving residual β‐cell function and improving long‐term outcomes for newly diagnosed individuals. Future research should focus on optimizing these treatment strategies and establishing their long‐term efficacy and safety.
Where Are We With Gender Parity in Academia and Professional Societies? A Multinational Look at Women in Soil Science
Authors: Brevik Eric C. , Krzic Maja , Elbasiouny Heba , Dawson Lorna , Hannam Jacqueline A. , Mbila Monday , Reyes‐Sánchez Laura Bertha , Coles Natalie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIssues of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), including gender equity, have gained increasing recognition at the beginning of the 21st century. As an academic discipline, soil science has been late in addressing gender equity, but several peer‐reviewed studies have been published in the last 5 years. This study investigated gender equity in the soil science university faculty/academic staff (f/as) and soil professional societies in Canada, Egypt, Mexico, Nigeria, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (USA) using data publicly available on the Internet and anonymized data from soil science professional societies. We found that women still lagged behind men among our soil science f/as by considerable margins (69.2% men vs. 30.8% women for pooled data for all six countries in this study), and that the percentage of women in soil science f/as positions are similar to those for f/as women in many other scientific fields. There are differences in gender equity by soil science subdiscipline that vary by country. In countries where data are available to make comparisons, over the last 6–8 years, the gender gap has closed to some degree, both overall and for sub‐disciplines. Women also often hold leadership positions in numbers that are lower than their representation among the f/as and membership in professional societies. In addition, women are recognised with awards such as society fellowship in numbers lower than their overall representation would suggest. This study concludes that progress has been made on several fronts in the last 6–8 years, but there is still much work to be done to achieve gender equity in soil science academia and professional societies. It is recommended that soil science societies collect, analyse and compare data on gender in the discipline so that progress can be evidenced, tracked and encouraged.