bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for stellar activity signals in radial-velocity data by using change point detection techniques
Authors: Simola U. , Bonfanti A. , Dumusque X. , Cisewski-Kehe J. , Kaski S. , Corander J. 
Published: May 2022

Context.Active regions on the photosphere of a star have been the major obstacle for detecting Earth-like exoplanets using the radial velocity (RV) method. A commonly employed solution for addressing stellar activity is to assume a linear relationship between the RV observations and the activity indicators along the entire time series, and then remove the estimated contribution of activity from the variation in RV data (overall correction method). However, since active regions evolve on the photosphere over time, correlations between the RV observations and the activity indicators will correspondingly be anisotropic.Aims.We present an approach that recognizes the RV locations where the correlations between the RV and the activity indicators significantly change in order to better account for variations in RV caused by stellar activity.Methods.The proposed approach uses a general family of statistical breakpoint methods, often referred to as change point detection (CPD) algorithms; several implementations of which are available in R and python. A thorough comparison is made between the breakpoint-based approach and the overall correction method. To ensure wide representativity, we use measurements from real stars that have different levels of stellar activity and whose spectra have different signal-to-noise ratios.Results.When the corrections for stellar activity are applied separately to each temporal segment identified by the breakpoint method, the corresponding residuals in the RV time series are typically much smaller than those obtained by the overall correction method. Consequently, the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram contains a smaller number of peaks caused by active regions. The CPD algorithm is particularly effective when focusing on active stars with long time series, such asαCen B. In that case, we demonstrate that the breakpoint method improves the detection limit of exoplanets by 74% on average with respect to the overall correction method.Conclusions.CPD algorithms provide a useful statistical framework for estimating the presence of change points in a time series. Since the process underlying the RV measurements generates anisotropic data by its intrinsic properties, it is natural to use CPD to obtain cleaner signals from RV data. We anticipate that the improved exoplanet detection limit may lead to a widespread adoption of such an approach. Our test on the HD 192310 planetary system is encouraging, as we confirm the presence of the two hosted exoplanets and we determine orbital parameters consistent with the literature, also providing much more precise estimates for HD 192310 c.
3-D-Druck-gestützte Frakturversorgung in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie
Authors: Dust Tobias , Henneberg Julian-Elias , Mader Konrad , Krause Matthias , Hartel Maximilian , Keller Johannes , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer 3-D-Druck gewinnt im klinischen Umfeld zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor allem die muskuloskelettale Chirurgie erlebt bei der Diagnostik, Planung und Versorgung von Frakturen und komplexen
Rekonstruktionseingriffen mit Hilfe 3-D-gedruckter Modelle einen technologischen Aufschwung. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den aktuellen Entwicklungen der 3-D-Druck-Technologie und deren
Anwendung im klinischen Umfeld.
Gastrointestinale Motilitätsstörungen bei Intensivpatienten
Authors: Grajecki Donata , Tacke Frank 
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?Diagnostik von gastrointestinalen Motilitätsstörungen Die Klärung der Ätiologie einer gastrointestinalen Motilitätsstörung auf der Intensivstation umfasst bis heute vor allem die Anamnese und die klinische Diagnostik. Die Erhebung des gastralen Residualvolumens wird nicht mehr generell empfohlen.Therapie Vor allem die Behandlung der Hypomotilität steht im Fokus neuer medikamentöser Behandlungsansätze. Für die Funktionsstörung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts werden Metoclopramid und Erythromycin verwendet. Ein rein peripher wirksamer Dopamin-Rezeptor-Antagonist Trazpiroben befindet sich in klinischer Testung. Ein möglicher Einsatz von Neurokinin-1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten wie Aprepitant erfolgt off-label. Die Behandlung der Parese des unteren Gastrointestinaltrakts erfolgt mittels osmotischer und stimulierender Laxanzien und bei höhergradiger Paralyse auch mit indirekten Parasympatholytika. Peripher wirkende μ-Opioid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (z. B. Methylnaltrexon) zeigen keinen Zusatznutzen. Hochselektive Serotonin-Rezeptor-Agonisten wie Prucaloprid bieten hier mögliche neue Therapieansätze.
Die monoklonale Gammopathie (un)klarer Signifikanz
Authors: Steinhardt Maximilian , Kortüm Martin , Einsele Hermann , Rasche Leo 
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?Definition und Inzidenz Monoklonale Gammopathien sind häufig, haben jedoch nicht immer eine klinische Bedeutung.Diagnose Sie wird über Serumelektrophorese, Immunfixation und Bestimmung der freien Leichtketten gestellt. Für die Aufarbeitung eines auszuschließenden multiplen Myeloms gibt es konkrete, risikoadaptierte Empfehlungen. Die weitere Diagnostik besteht dann aus einer Knochenmarkpunktion, einer Untersuchung des 24h-Sammelurins und einer Ganzkörper-Bildgebung. Zum Ausschluss auch kleiner Osteolysen sollte anstatt der historischen Röntgenaufnahmen nach „Pariser Schema“ eine CT ohne Kontrastmittel durchgeführt werden. Mit der MRT gelingt der Nachweis fokaler Läsionen im Knochenmark.Verlaufskontrollen und Prognose Eine MGUS-Verlaufskontrolle sollte nach individuellem Risiko geplant werden. Dennoch weisen Personen mit MGUS eine erhöhte Morbidität auf. Man findet hier häufiger Osteoporosen und ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko.MGUS-assoziierte Erkrankungen In den meisten Fällen genügen für die weitere Abklärung eine gründliche Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung.
Radiosynoviorthese – Nuklidproduktion und Distribution
Authors: Fischer Manfred , Wanke Carsten 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBei entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen stellt die Radiosynoviorthese (RSO) eine seit langem gut etablierte Therapieoption dar, und auch in der Therapie der pigmentierten villonodulären Synovitis spielt die RSO eine Rolle. Bei dieser Therapie kommen die Betastrahler 90Y, 169Er und 186Re zur intraartikulären Applikation zur Anwendung. Die hierfür verwendeten Radiopharmaka sind seit vielen Jahren zugelassen und kommerziell erhältlich. Dieser Artikel fasst Informationen über die Herstellung der Radionuklide sowie die Produktion, Zulassung und Distribution der Radiopharmaka zusammen.
Die dentale Seite der Hypophosphatasie – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Heß Jeanine , Stoelzel Peggy 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Hypophosphatasie (HPP) zählt zu den seltenen angeborenen
Erkrankungen. Der hauptsächlich den Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsel
betreffende Gendefekt kann dabei autosomal-rezessiv oder autosomal-dominant
vererbt werden. Die Funktionsverlustvariationen im ALPL-Gen verursachen einen
Mangel des Enzyms der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNSALP).
Dieses Isoenzym spielt auch bei der Formierung von Hydroxylapatit eine
hochrelevante Rolle. Die wichtigste anorganische Komponente von Zähnen
und Knochen ist das Hydroxylapatit. Das klinische Bild der Hypophosphatasie ist
sehr facettenreich und präsentiert sich von der sehr schweren, zumeist
letalen, perinatalen Form bis zur milden adulten Form mit dem Beginn im
späten Erwachsenenalter. Unabhängig von Altersgruppen sind die
am häufigsten auftretenden Symptome Mineralisationsstörungen bei
Knochen und Zähnen. Häufig ist die vorzeitige Exfoliation von
Milchzähnen ein erstes klinisches Symptom. Im Folgenden wird der dentale
Verlauf eines Patienten mit infantiler HPP über mehrere Jahre aufgezeigt
und zur Veranschaulichung einer Patientin ohne Hypophosphatasie
gegenübergestellt. Wann immer möglich, sollten
Hypophosphatasiepatienten durch ein multidisziplinäres Team betreut
werden, welches die Behandlungsziele kontinuierlich an die sich
ändernden klinischen Erfordernisse anpasst. Bereits anamnestisch sollte
bei vorzeitiger Lockerung und Exfoliation ohne vorausgegangenes Trauma in der
ersten Dentition an eine HPP gedacht und eine weitere medizinische
Abklärung veranlasst werden.
Neue Therapien akuter und chronischer Beckenvenen-Obstruktionen
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael 
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?
Pathophysiologie und klinische Evaluierung des postthrombotischen Syndroms Iliokavale Obstruktionen und die damit einhergehenden pathologischen Veränderungen können mittels MR- und CT-Venografie dargestellt werden. Beide Verfahren eignen sich insbesondere, zugrunde liegende Kompressionspathologien wie ein May-Thurner-Syndrom sicher zu erkennen. Da in ca. 80 % der iliofemoralen Thrombosefälle eine iliakale, hämodynamisch relevante Obstruktion zu finden ist, sollte vor einer invasiven Therapie bevorzugt eine MR-Venografie (insbesondere bei jungen Patienten) zur Diagnostik eingesetzt werden.
Endovaskuläre Therapie der akuten iliofemoralen Thrombose Während der letzten Jahre wurde insbesondere durch die pharmakomechanische und mechanische Thrombektomie eine breite und ausreichende Evidenzsituation geschaffen, um diese Verfahren in die nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien aufzunehmen. Die Leitlinien kommen zu der Aussage, dass eine frühe Thrombus-beseitigende Maßnahme bei iliofemoraler Thrombose das Auftreten eines postthrombotischen Syndroms in seiner Häufigkeit und Schwere reduzieren kann.
Therapie der chronischen Beckenvenen-Obstruktion Chronisch-venöse Obstruktionen können mit oder ohne Beteiligung der V. femoralis communis vorliegen. Diese Unterscheidung ist therapierelevant. Die erste Gruppe kann ausschließlich endovaskulär therapiert werden, bei der zweiten Gruppe ist eventuell ein Hybridverfahren notwendig.
A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices about Tuberculosis among Homoeopathy Practitioners and Students in India
Authors: Mittal Renu , Taneja Divya , Khurana Anil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Homoeopathy is the second most popular healthcare system in our country with 0.3 million practitioners. Among healthcare providers, homeopathic practitioners (HPs) are also the first contact care providers and often see tuberculosis (TB) patients. To align these practitioners with the National Strategic Plan 2017 to 2025, it is essential that their knowledge and skills about TB is assessed.
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HPs and students in India about TB.
Methods An online cross-sectional survey conducted from 3rd to 17th May 2020 identified socio-demographic data, KAP. Descriptive and inferential statistics was performed to analyse differences based on socio-demographic variables.
Results Out of 1,784 responses received, 72% were practitioners and 28% were students pursuing homoeopathy course. Eighty per cent respondents were aware of suspected case of TB, miliary, extensive drug-resistant TB and Directly Observed Treatment Short plus regimen for multidrug resistance TB. Knowledge scores significantly differed with qualification, type and years of practice (p = 0.001). Significant differences in attitude of government and private practitioners were noted on issues related to diagnosis and treatment management of TB patients (78.9 vs. 69.3%; p = 0.02).
Conclusion The findings could be considered as baseline indicators in relation to the current KAP on TB among HPs. Specific training programmes can be developed for their active involvement in TB diagnosis and management so that TB prevention and care can be improved.
Individual differences in the decline of the Deontic nci construction
Authors: Noël Dirk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of the (speaker-level) ‘cognitive how’ of (language-level) constructional attrition, defined as a systemic decrease in the occurrence of a construction in the history of a language. Presenting and analysing data from an historical idiolectal corpus on the frequency development in individual speakers’ use of a partially schematic construction instantiated by such types as be obliged to and be permitted to, it offers a first attempt to measure whether a general decline in the frequency of this construction can also be observed to be an internal development during a speaker’s lifespan. The results confirm this to be the case in a sizeable group of speakers and the paper provides an initial insight into how this may contribute to a genuinely cognitive account of the speaker-external development.
The feel of a recurrent gesture
Authors: Harrison Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The inner workings of recurrent gestures can now be distilled from almost three decades’ worth of fine-grained
studies into gesture form variants, kinesic organization with speech, core semantic themes, and discourse-interactive functions.
Yet several questions about this gesture category have remained in the background. How do such gestures relate to the behavioral
activities within which they occur, their wider embodied and intercorporeal context, and the relations between the people
performing them? These questions are addressed by adopting an enactive approach to human relating and by analysing how the Vertical
Palm gesture form materializes during an episode of gift-giving between two friends in China, where the practice involves
elaborate embodied maneuvers resulting in a visibly affective ‘seesaw battle’. Treating gift-giving as a situation for
participatory sense-making spun from a complex web of sensorimotor schemes, this seesaw battle provides a natural ecology for
exploring understudied dimensions of the Vertical Palm recurrent gesture as embodied, embedded, and enacted during a practice with
culturally-specific dimensions.
Scalable control systems for vertex detector utilizing single photon counting readout
Authors: Koziol A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
I present the design of two vertex detector systems for proton particle trajectory tracking based on multiple layers of single photon counting hybrid pixel area detectors. The detector used in both systems is UFXC, which is a matrix of 128 × 256 pixels with silicon sensor. The first system enables proton transition registration with the speed of up to 50 kfps. The second system is a portable device with large detection area.
Radioactive source strength effect on gamma radiation monitoring with a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector
Authors: Yeboah E. , Yakovlev G.A. , Smirnov S.V. , Yakovleva V.S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The accurate monitoring of gamma radiation doses in the
environment has become essential due to its effect on human
health. In this study, the temperature dependence of NaI (Tl)
scintillation detectors based on the daily/annually measured dose
rate in the environment as well as the importance of selecting the
appropriate radioactive source strength when calibrating NaI (Tl)
detectors for gamma radiation monitoring were investigated. The
temperature correction coefficients discovered during the
calibration of the BDKG-03 detector by Atomtex were verified, and
whether the time duration of the measurement interval has an effect
on readings of gamma radiation was also investigated in the city of
Tomsk. NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors were used to monitor the
gamma background radiation in the environment. The detectors were
calibrated with both high and low radioactive sources to obtain a
temperature correction coefficient in order to stabilize the
influence of temperature change on the detector at different time
intervals. This was used to study the correlation between the daily
and annual dose rates of low gamma background radiation. The results
showed that there was a shift in the spectrum of the daily and
annual dose rates calculated using the algorithm obtained when the
detector was calibrated with a highly radioactive source to the
position of the constant coefficient for low-level dose. However,
the ones obtained when the detector was calibrated with a low
radioactive source and that of the constant coefficient for a
low-level dose overlapped each other. This demonstrated that the
type of radioactive source used in detector calibration during
manufacture has an effect on the temperature correction coefficient,
which in turn has an effect on the accuracy of the ambient dose rate
when used to monitor gamma radiation. The duration of the time
interval for measurement was found to be very important since it has
an effect on dose rate readings.
Design study for large acceptance muon beamlines by using beam splitting methods
Authors: Zhou L-P. , Hong Y. , Tang J-Y. , Yuan Y. , Vassilopoulos N. , Wu Y-W. , Pan Z-W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A muon beamline scheme is designed for the Phase-I of the
Experimental Muon Source (EMuS), which is a standalone facility by
sharing the proton beam extracted from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron
(RCS) of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The proton beam for
EMuS has a beam power of 20–25 kW and kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV
with a low repetition rate of 1.25–2.5 Hz. Different from
traditional muon beamline design, a sophisticated beam splitting
system using combined spatial and time splitting methods has been
developed for the EMuS beamline. In order to profit a graphite
target of long effective length, the beamline is designed to have a
large horizontal acceptance of 6000π·mm·mrad. A
special electrostatic deflector with two channels splits the beam
spatially into two branch beamlines, so that the reduced horizontal
emittance of the split beams becomes utilizable for
applications. Since the muon beam has a time structure of two
bunches per pulse that inherits from the proton beam and a single
bunch is required for μSR applications, a fast kicker magnet
is used to separate two bunches into two endstations. All these make
simultaneous muon beams in four endstations that are basically for
μSR applications. Surface muons with an intensity order of
105/s and different spot sizes are available for all the four
endstations. The contaminated positrons are carefully treated to
reduce the background by combining the use of the electrostatic
deflector and a dedicated Wien filter.
A minimally designed soft crawling robot for robust locomotion in unstructured pipes
Authors: Yu Wenkai , Li Xin , Chen Dunyu , Liu Jingyi , Su Jiaji , Liu Ju , Cao Changyong , Yuan Hongyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soft robots have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent versatility and broad applications. In this article, we present a minimally designed soft crawling robot (SCR) capable of robust locomotion in unstructured pipes with various geometric/material properties and surface topology. In particular, the SCR can squeeze through narrow pipes smaller than its cross section and propel robustly in spiked pipes. The gait pattern and locomotion mechanism of this robot are experimentally investigated and analysed by the finite element analysis, revealing that the resultant forward frictional force is generated due to the asymmetric mechanical properties along the length direction of the robot. The proposed simple yet working SCR could inspire novel designs and applications of soft robots in unstructured narrow canals such as large intestines or industrial pipelines.
Time and band limiting operator and Bethe ansatz
Authors: Bernard Pierre-Antoine , Crampé Nicolas , Vinet Luc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The time and band limiting operator is introduced to optimize the reconstruction of a signal from only a partial part of its spectrum. In the discrete case, this operator commutes with the so-called algebraic Heun operator which appears in the context of the quantum integrable systems. The construction of both operators and the proof of their commutativity is recalled. A direct connection between their spectra is obtained. Then, the Bethe ansatz, a well-known method to diagonalize integrable quantum Hamiltonians, is used to diagonalize the Heun operator and to obtain insights on the spectrum of the time and band limiting operator.
Newly identified genetic variants associated with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Stolz Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Datasets of well characterized drug or herbal and dietary supplement-associated liver injury has provided a rich resource to identify genetic variants associated with hepatic injury that further supports the role of immune activation in drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

Recent findings
Using DNA microarrays, whole genome sequencing, HLA-restricted DNA sequencing with appropriate ethnically matched population controls have identified HLA-specific genetic variants for drugs or botanical compounds with the same HLA variant associated with different agents. In addition to HLAs, two genes involved with immune signaling were also identified: a functional PTPN22 variant associated with increased DILI risk to any agent or clinical presentation and a variant in ERAP2 hepatic gene expression that trims peptide in preparation for presentation in the HLA cleft increased the risk for DILI in amoxicillin–clavulanate DILI when present with known HLA risk alleles.

Summary
Variants in HLA and other genes involved in immune regulations further supports immune system activation in DILI. In the future, identifying these variants before exposure may minimize the risk for DILI events, help with assessment of drug causality for causing DILI and with greater understanding of DILI mechanisms, has important implication for future drug development.
Exploring research impact; why it matters?
Authors: Bhabra Mandeep , Sparks Freya 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Making research impactful is becoming a vital part of research proposal development. Funding bodies now require evidence of clear dissemination strategies that demonstrate achievable broad impact from proposed studies. This review addresses what impact means in practice and how to achieve it.

Recent findings
Research impact is defined as making real change in the real world. The review explores different kinds of impact, why it is important, the challenges faced, and planning for impact. Creative ways in which impact may be achieved, specifically through storytelling, utilizing infographics and animations are explored. The impact of social media platforms to maximize reach of potential research, alongside measuring impact is discussed.

Summary
Researchers may need to develop new skills, to create impactful research outputs for global dissemination across several social media platforms. By utilizing methods that maximize engagement with target audiences, translating and implementing quality evidence into clinical practice may be achieved more rapidly.