bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Religious Revival to Health Policy
Authors: Winiger Fabian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how the discussions of the ‘spiritual dimension’ of health were continued in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO). Drawing on records of the WHO’s Executive Board and World Health Assembly meetings, and internal policy discussions and official documents produced in the subsequent 25 years, the authors suggest that the ‘spiritual dimension’ was initially presented within the WHO as an aspirational ideal beyond the rampant spread of materialism and the geopolitical world order dominated by Washington and Moscow. In the decades following its introduction, EMRO Member States translated the ‘spiritual dimension’ into concrete public health policies. However, as shown in this chapter, many of these seemed at odds with the egalitarian, emancipatory moral imaginary which appeared to have been on the minds of many of its initial supporters.
Spiritual Care in the Context of Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS
Authors: Rauch Raphael , Peng-Keller Simon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at an area in which ‘spirituality’ has become widely accepted as an integral part of healthcare policy: palliative care. The rather casual way in which the topic is often mentioned in this context has facilitated its dissemination in national guidelines; as a constitutive element of palliative care, spiritual care has become established as a field of interprofessional cooperation in this field. This chapter first outlines the emergence of palliative care and its introduction within the WHO in the 1980s, and then analyses the most important WHO documents in this field with regard to spiritual care. Finally, it turns to the relationship between palliative care and HIV/AIDS. Coincidentally, the WHO began to deal with palliative care as part of its cancer programme just as the spread of HIV was accelerating globally. To the extent that the new palliative approach was recognized as appropriate for HIV/AIDS programmes, the global epidemic of the autoimmune disorder made it plausible that the WHO also had to contain a palliative component—which included spiritual care.
Spirituality, Religiousness, and Personal Beliefs in the WHO’s Quality of Life Measurement Instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB)
Authors: Winiger Fabian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to the mid-1990s, when the WHO’s Division of Mental Health developed a scale for the assessment of quality of life (WHOQOL) which departed radically from most such instruments at the time: it applied to both well and unwell populations, it was developed through a broad, systematic consultation process across various cultural settings, and it measured subjective well-being rather than the functional normality of a person. This chapter shows how throughout the 1990s, the Division developed a module for the WHOQOL to assess a hitherto overlooked aspect of well-being, which it termed ‘spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs’ (SRPB). In its development, the researchers applied the same rigorous cross-cultural consultation that marked the WHOQOL methodology; but rather than identifying conventional biopsychosocial facets of quality of life, they brought together a group of medical and religious experts who sought to find commonalities across complex theological questions.
Equational Consequence
Authors: Citkin Alex , Muravitsky Alexei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter develops a theory of the consequence relation for a schematic language of terms with equality. This consequence relation, called the equational consequence, is determined in a semantic way by means of E-matrices, as well as syntactically by inference rules, and their equivalence is established as a completeness theorem. We also define the concept of the Lindenbaum-Tarski matrix and the concept of the Mal'cev matrix for the equational consequence. Further, we prove an analog of the Mal'cev first and second theorems, as well as analogs of the Dick and Tietze theorems for the equational consequence. The equational consequence based on implication logic is illustrated by two examples: the class of Boolean algebras with equality and the class of Heyting algebras with equality.
Do children trust what they are told?
Authors: Harris Paul L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Granted that children learn about many phenomena that they cannot observe for themselves, they often take claims on trust. For example, despite appearances to the contrary, they come to accept that the earth is round; and depending on what they are told, they believe that dinosaurs were brought into existence by a creator or by the course of evolution. Similarly, children trust what they are told about the existence of other hard-to-observe entities: scientific entities (e.g., oxygen) as well as religious entities (e.g., the soul). Yet children do not have indiscriminate trust in what they are told: rather, they display selective trust. For example, they are more receptive to claims made by informants who are familiar to them, apparently knowledgeable, and members of the same cultural group as themselves. Nevertheless, presented with surprising or counter-intuitive claims, young children rarely engage in empirical testing—even when such testing would be practicable.
Shadow Banking Entities
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the international governance of shadow banking entities, notably, money market funds (MMFs), hedge funds, and other investment funds. Post-crisis international standards for all these funds lacked precision, stringency, and consistency. Three factors account for this outcome. First, interstate conflict was the main hindrance to stricter rules on hedge funds and MMFs. Second, there was epistemic disagreement and bureaucratic turf fighting between prudential regulators and securities regulators concerning the risks posed by investment funds involved in asset management, and how to tackle these risks. Prudential regulators took the lead in the policy debate, especially on Globally Systemically Important Institutions (G-SIFIs), with very limited success. Third, there was lobbying cum venue shopping by the financial industry, which skilfully played sectoral regulators against each other at the domestic and international levels.
Part 2: Cross-Channel Memorialisation
Authors: Seth Catriona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This two-part chapter considers the case of Edward Young (1683–1765), poet and Fellow of All Souls. Young entered All Souls in 1708 and left twenty-two years later when he secured a Church living in the College’s gift. He divided his time between Oxford and literary London, writing poetry and plays with an eye to securing potential political and ecclesiastical patrons. He achieved international fame with his Night Thoughts (1742–5), a long blank-verse poem mourning three bereavements and arguing for the consolation of immortal life after death. In the second part of the chapter Catriona Seth considers the fortune of the Night Thoughts in French translation and the importance granted to the scene of Narcissa’s burial. She shows how the question of memorialisation became a hot topic in Montpellier where, possibly because of an erroneous footnote, many a literary pilgrimage was undertaken to pay respect to ‘Young’s daughter’.
Concert Life in Georgian Oxford
Authors: Wollenberg Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Musical life in eighteenth-century Oxford is noted for the visits of George Frideric Handel in 1733, and Joseph Haydn in 1791. The music of both composers was enthusiastically cultivated in Georgian Oxford. Another event of lasting significance was the opening of the Holywell Music Room in Oxford in 1748, considered to be the earliest purpose-built concert room in Europe (and still used for concerts in the present century). Oxford in the second half of the eighteenth century was in the forefront of the new concert culture, as reflected in the structures and content of the subscription series at Holywell, with the forming of a regular orchestral band, its repertoire displaying the new mixture of taste for both ‘ancient’ and modern music. The local newspaper, Jackson’s Oxford Journal, together with archival sources, provide valuable documentation of the musical events and the musicians involved in this visionary project.
Oxford and Cambridge Colleges as Patrons of Religious Art in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Horden Peregrine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is the commissioning, in 1769, by the Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford, of an altarpiece for its chapel from Anton Raphael Mengs, widely regarded in his day as the greatest living painter in Europe. How did that extraordinary act compare with the patronage of religious art, altarpieces especially, in the College earlier, from the later seventeenth century onwards? How did it compare with patronage of this type in other colleges, in both Oxford and Cambridge? And what was its wider significance? The chapter traces the commissioning of religious art across the eighteenth century, showing the extent to which All Souls set a trend for other colleges, and ending by suggesting that the commission conformed to a new attitude to the political role of the arts in the early years of George III’s reign.
Commonplace Books of History
Authors: Hess Jillian M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on three writers who collected antiquarian fragments to support historical narratives—Walter Scott, George Eliot, and the Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell. Each writer engaged with antiquarianism, archeology, and geology, and each found a different balance between historical artifacts and narration. Scott kept heaps of documents that undergird and interrupt his historical novels (especially in the Magnum Opus). By contrast, Eliot kept orderly handwritten commonplace books filled with historical information that she subsumes within her narratives. Halliwell, who kept hundreds of scrapbooks and scrap-boxes filled with antiquarian gems (including a page cut from Shakespeare’s second folio), would have liked to eschew narration altogether in favor of printing facsimiles of historical scraps. Amidst a backdrop of famous forgeries (Ossian’s Fingal and Ireland’s Vortigern), questions of historical authenticity took on special importance.
Outlook
Authors: Strasberg Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The final chapter concludes the book by briefly discussing various topics we haven’t touched upon (e.g. simulating non-Markovian open quantum systems, quantum advantages in thermodynamics, resource theories) and lists some prospects for exciting future research avenues (e.g. practical applications in thermoelectrics and beyond, finding accurate reduced system descriptions, finite-bath effects).
Champagne and algorithms
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing as point of departure two common terms, ‘champagne’ and ‘algorithm’, which, as loanwords, have found their way into the vocabularies of languages around the world, this chapter lays the groundwork for a sociology of language grounded in mobility. As argued in this chapter, such an approach not only does justice to the processual nature of language and society, but in view of current concerns with migration in Western countries is also expedient. The focus on mobility has three aspects, speakers, languages and words. Peoples, races, cultures, and languages are often conceptualized as pure, authentic, and uncontaminated. As the study of language contact reveals, this is an indefensible vision of language.
Half-breed, mulatto, creole
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExpounding the historical contingency of concepts of amalgamation and hybridization, this chapter investigates the relationship of race and language and that of racism and linguistic purism in lay perspective as well as linguistic theory formation. How do these ideologies differ from each other and what do they have in common? The chapter presents two cases of language contact brought about by intercontinental population movements that shed light on popular assumptions about language and race. It also looks at the role of writing as an undesirable but inescapable template of conceptualizing language; and it addresses the temporal dimension of hybridization, that is, after how many years/generations—half-breeds and creoles cease to be half-breeds and creoles. On the ideological side it looks at the reliability of categories and discusses parallels between racism and purism.
Implicit Learning of Emotional Structures
Authors: Jurchiș Răzvan , Costea Andrei , Opre Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present chapter focuses on unconscious emotional structures and on their implications for cognitive-behavior psychotherapies. It first overviews the fields of evaluative conditioning, fear conditioning, and reward learning, and concludes that some of the recent studies from these fields provide evidence for the possibility of acquiring unconscious knowledge structures with emotional relevance. It then summarizes the properties of unconscious structures, as they emerge from the past decades of research on implicit learning and conditioning: These structures result from direct experiences often abstracted over multiple similar situations, can produce conscious thoughts, and can be counteracted by creating alternative structures. It further analyzes the implications of these properties for cognitive-behavior psychotherapies. Finally, it provides theoretical and methodological suggestions that could increase the relevance of implicit learning research for CBTs.
Perceptions of Public Health
Authors: Robins Moriah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter maps the gaps between public health sectors and the perceptions of public health held by those in other sectors. These gaps often stand in the way of effective collaboration, partnership, and communication, although public health professionals have long understood the interconnectedness of health and other aspects of community and individual health. This chapter identifies gaps in understanding about public health, based on data gathered from public health professionals and professionals outside of public health. These gaps profoundly limit recognition of the field’s value. However, areas of common ground between public health and other sectors are also identified as foundational spaces where strong collaboration and cross-sector partnership can be forged for mutual benefit and better health.
Communicating for Change
Authors: Kendall-Taylor Nat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines the importance of the delivery of public health messaging so that the ideas that public health practitioners are communicating are not lost because of ineffective communication. Framing, and why it matters, is the central focus of this chapter. The tone and language used in science-based public health messaging is critical, especially when there is ample room for interpretation and misinterpretation. How one positions messages and presents ideas can increase support for public health and improve collaboration across sectors. Deliberate and strategic framing is key to the success of the public health message and its reception.
Tools
Authors: Miller Mark R. , Locke Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This comprehensive chapter provides tools used for successful communication and how they can be wielded to advocate for public health initiatives and generally elevate the public’s value of public health perspectives. Framing, and how it works within storytelling, is described as a strategic tool for closing critical gaps in understanding between public health experts, leaders in other sectors, and the public. A discussion of metaphors as tools is also included, specifically to align the strategic goals of other sectors and public health initiatives (as well as the public’s personal relationship to health) in order to forge understanding and strong collaboration. Communication tools for building support for public health and collaboration tools for building bridges and partnerships meet the need for sector-specific audiences to see the value of collaboration, as well as general trust-building among the public through strategic storytelling.
Think Like a Marketer
Authors: Martin Sarah , Duin Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the words, images, and data that will best elevate the public health brand. It is important for public health professionals to “play the game” of marketing because when public health leaders are ignored, people die. Public health as a field needs to keep up with the marketing tactics and strength of the industries and sectors that feed our society. Compelling leading statements are essential for public health branding and storytelling in particular, because capturing the audience’s attention when there are infinite competing factors is critical. Similarly, imaging to portray data makes complicated numbers easy to understand and attractive to consume. Humanizing the data includes a framing approach that makes the data accessible, but also relatable, by being intentional about how one depicts data. These three pillars emphasize attention to detail because it works to elevate engagement.
1945 (and Smatterings from 1946 and 1947)
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oscar Hammerstein continues to correspond with his son aboard a navy ship in the South Pacific as World War II reaches its conclusion. Paul Robeson wants Rodgers and Hammerstein to write him an operetta of Othello. Carousel opens and is a hit. There is detailed discussion of the running of Highland Farm. Rodgers and Hammerstein produce the Anita Loos play Happy Birthday, and the Irving Berlin musical Annie Get Your Gun. Hammerstein reports movingly of Jerome Kern’s death. Josh Logan gives advice on Allegro from out of town.
1958
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are letters from Mary Martin’s friend, Sister Gregory Duffy, who provides advice and insight about the religious life and being a postulant, to help guide the writing of The Sound of Music. After appearing in a television interview with Mike Wallace, Hammerstein responds to a critic who questions his patriotism. C. Y. Lee, the author of the novel, Flower Drum Song, describes a flower drum to Oscar Hammerstein. The film of South Pacific opens generating discussions about the promotion of the film, its success, and the criticism in some quarters of the use of color filters. Hammerstein corresponds with British producer, Harold Fielding, in how to adapt Cinderella into a staged pantomime, including the interpolation of additional Rodgers and Hammerstein songs.
1959
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is much correspondence about all aspects of the creation of The Sound of Music, including a plea from Rodgers and Hammerstein’s lawyer not to title the show Love Song, discussions of casting and who will be hired as designers and conductor, Mary Martin’s response on first having some of the songs played for her, and so on. Hammerstein writes a letter of apology to Tennessee Williams for statements Ed Sullivan quoted incorrectly or out of context. Continuing reactions to the film of South Pacific. Oscar gives advice to an aspiring songwriter. Richard Halliday reports on a meeting with Baroness von Trapp (Maria). Hammerstein finally raises all the funds for the George M. Cohan memorial, which is finally completed.
Extraction and Conflict in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru
Authors: Jaskoski Maiah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru are exceptional cases for a comparative study on social conflict over new extraction. During the 1990s–2010s, governments in all three countries encouraged private investment in hydrocarbons and mining that supported the growth of these already important sectors, and the expansion brought social conflict. Cross-country variation in national political dynamics and in dominant forms of extractive conflict facilitate the book’s most different systems design. Peru exhibited a pattern of major, violent protests set loose by redemocratization. In Colombia, armed actors on all sides of a civil war held interests in extractives. After the height of the armed conflict, movement activists objected to the environmental and social impacts of mining and hydrocarbons, frequently by turning to the courts. Finally, Bolivia is a case of direct action by indigenous groups that wavered in their relationship to a leftist national government.
The Articulation Challenge and Contested Community Representatives
Authors: Jaskoski Maiah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Communities that were classified as impacted by extraction and included in the formal participatory process—“insiders”—confronted the articulation challenge, or the hurdle of expressing their positions on new development. That challenge was greater if there was contestation over the boundary that delineated insider community representatives relative to the larger community—that is, where there was disagreement about who spoke for a community. Cohesive communities interrupted or blocked the participatory process. In divided settings, such unified protest was not possible, and community strategies depended on how a participatory institution defined participation. For public hearings, participation meant the holding of a meeting for all local residents. This structure encouraged activist insiders to participate, to compete with project supporters. By contrast, participation in prior consultation consisted of indigenous leaders signing off on meetings, allowing the state to pursue a fraudulent consultation with community members who posed as leaders. Communities later disputed the legitimacy of the consultation.
Opinion Formation in Light of the Facts
Authors: Boudreau Cheryl , MacKenzie Scott A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncome inequality has increased dramatically in the United States, yet public support for redistribution has not. The authors of this chapter theorize that mistaken beliefs about income inequality contribute to citizens’ lack of demand for greater redistribution, and that correcting these beliefs can help citizens connect their value for greater equality to their preferences for redistribution. To test their theory, they conduct a survey that measures citizens’ beliefs about income inequality and then randomly assigns them to receive factual or partisan information before expressing their support for redistributive policies. The survey found that citizens believe that income is distributed much more equitably than it actually is and that, in the absence of information, their preferences for redistribution are unrelated to whether or not they value greater equality. When citizens receive accurate information about income inequality, however, they connect their value for greater equality to their preferences for redistribution, even when their partisan allegiances recommend otherwise.
Do Facts Change Public Attitudes toward Fiscal Policy?
Authors: Sides John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractU.S. fiscal policy confronts Americans with complicated issues about which many are not well-informed. Across three original survey experiments, this chapter examines the effect of providing information about the country’s fiscal health, and especially its budget deficit and national debt. In general, this information does not change attitudes about fiscal policy, even when it corrects substantial misperceptions. Moreover, information about the effects of tax policy on the national debt does not lead voters to align their policy preferences with their own stated concern about deficits and the debt. For this reason, a more “truthful” fiscal politics may not necessarily change public opinion very much.