bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella Species from Stool Samples of Patients with Diarrhea at Benjamin Mkapa Hospital
Authors: Chandika Alphonce B. , Mkala Reuben S. , Lugoba Bushi , C. Kipilipili Benjamin , Saitot Witness , Kamkunguru Charles E. , Susu Susu J. , Mkhoi Mkhoi L. , Lindi John B. , Chanzu Japhet D. , A. Masalu Catherine , Kiwelu Humphrey E. , Shansi Emmanuel J. , Matemba Lucas E. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Enterobacteriaceae is among the large group of gram-negative rod bacteria in which it comprises Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and many other species whose natural habitat is the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Diarrheal diseases are a major problem worldwide caused by bacterial pathogens particularly in developing countries. A previous study reported a prevalence of 9.30% Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 that revealed a high (100%) resistance to gentamicin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid.
Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted at BMH. A convenient sampling method was used to enroll 308 patients with diarrhea in the study after consent for 12 months. Stool samples were collected into an acceptable clean sterile stool container and transported to Microbiology department for investigation. Analysis of data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0.
Results: Out of 308 participants, 61.0% (188) were female whereas 39.0% (120) were male. The age group of between 18 to 45 years had a larger number of participants recruited in study 257 (83.4%) and less number 4 (1.2%) in the age group above 60 years old. About 5.2 (16/308) percent of stool samples processed were positive with pathogenic bacteria whereas 94.8 (292/308) percent were negative (no pathogenic bacteria isolated) growth. The study presented two pathogenic bacteria species named E. coli strain O157:H7 and Salmonella typhi that were isolated from stool samples of patients with diarrhea and who attended the hospital for treatment. No any shigella species was isolated in the study. The prevalence of S. typhi was 3.2% (10/308) whereas E. coli strain O157:H7 was 1.9% (6/308) out of 308 stool samples processed. The in vitro drug resistance patterns of Ampicillin were observed to be high 9 (90%) followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and tetracycline of which both had 6 (60%) resistance to S. typhi.
Conclusion: The study is currently insisting laboratory practitioners carry out an investigation of Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 as a routine test in parallel with other enteric pathogens.
Knowledge and Practices of Primary Health Care Providers Regarding Childhood Immunization
Authors: Gaber Alsemary Hind Ibrahim , Shihab Nihal Salah , AlMahdy Heba Saied , Mohamed Zayed Hanaa Abdelaziz 
Published: February 2022

Background: Uptake of vaccination services isn’t only dependent on provision of these services, but also in knowledge and practice of health care providers (HCPs), so WHO indicated that training of HCPs is an essential component of all expanded programs on immunization (EPI) activities. The aim of this study is to lower primary vaccine failure, morbidities and mortalities among children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 HCPs and 16 primary healthcare units and one center in Shubra Khit District, Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Predesigned questionnaire and observational checklist were applied to collect data. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge of health care providers about storage, handling, administration, scheduling, doses, routes and contraindications of the different vaccines routinely. The checklist assessed the practice of health care providers regarding cold chain, room layout, preparation for vaccination session, general and specific practice related to each vaccine.
Results: The majority of health care providers had adequate level of knowledge about all vaccines except for MMR vaccines & Hib vaccines. There were significant associations between knowledge levels and place of work with (p= <0.001), qualification (P = 0.015), site of task (P =<0.001) and training courses (P = <0.001) among studied health care providers.
Conclusions: As regards knowledge levels among studied health care providers, nearly two third had a good knowledge; the same for practice, it was very good in about two thirds of the studied units/center.
Study Habits and Academic Performance of Science Education Undergraduates in Rivers State University, Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Etokeren Inibehe , Akporehwe Nateinyin Joy 
Published: February 2022

Aims: This study investigated the study habits and academic performance of science education undergraduates in Rivers State University.
Survey Design: Descriptive survey design was adopted.
Place of Study: Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria between May and November, 2021
Methodology: The sample comprised 182 science education undergraduates form first year to final year. The instruments were Science Undergraduates Study Habits Inventory and Cumulative Grade Point Average. The study habits inventory was subjected to face and content validation by two lecturers in Department of Science Education and one lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation and reliability coefficient established by Alpha Cronbach method to be 0.76. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions while hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using independent t-test and Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient.
Results: Results of this study showed that science education undergraduate exhibit bad study habits. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female undergraduates’ study habits while a significant difference between first and final year undergraduate study habits was found. Further evidence revealed a significant relationship between study habits and academic performance of science education undergraduates.
Conclusion: Bad study habits of science education undergraduates contributes to their poor performance in examinations. There exist a significant difference in study habits with regards to gender (male and female) and class level (first and final year) while there was significant relationship between study habits and academic performance of science education undergraduate.
TMPRSS6- Mutation in Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review
Authors: Pretty T. M. Ngoubinah , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Iron is one of the metals involved in a variety of physiological reactions, including the construction of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen to the tissues. Chronic blood loss or insufficient food intake are the most common causes of iron insufficiency.. A germline mutation in TMPRSS6, which encodes type two transmembrane serine protease generated by the liver and helps regulate the expression of systemic iron, can induce anaemia that is resistant to oral iron treatment.
Structure: The plasma membrane is cleaved by TMPRSS6 in vitro. The signalling mechanism required for iron-dependent hepcidin transcription regulation is thought to be downregulated by TMPRSS6. They also investigated whether the robust physiologic inducer of hepcidin, iron, can affect TMPRSS6 mRNA levels in vivo, as one of the most important activators of hepcidin expression in vitro and in vivo.
Role of TMPRSS6: Overexpression of normal TMPRSS6 protein reduces Hamp promoter activity, and the TMPRSS6 cytoplasmic domain mediates Hamp suppression via the proximal promoter element. TMPRSS6 polymorphisms are more common than mutations and have been linked to variations in iron and hematologic markers.
Conclusion: Because TMPRSS6 is linked to haematological factors, it is essential for maintaining iron homeostasis and proper erythropoiesis. Overproduction of hepcidin is caused by the TMPRSS6 mutation, which contributes to poor iron absorption and utilisation. Patients with poor transferrin saturation, normal ferritin levels, high amounts of hepcidin molecules, and a family history of iron deficiency anemia should be aware of TMPRSS6 gene mutations.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels in Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Keziah V. Sharon , Jeyaraman Selvaraj , Jeevitha M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Leptin is a hormone-like protein, or some call it as an acute phase inflammatory protein, which recently has gained attention due to its role in regulating metabolism of the human body as well as affecting the body’s defense mechanisms, including macrophages.
Materials and Methods: Patients visiting Saveetha Dental College from July to November 2020 were examined. Thirty patients (15 males and 15 females) were included in this study and subdivided into three groups. Group A has participants with healthy periodontium. Group B, periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Group C has periodontitis patients only.
Results: Salivary leptin was observed to be the highest in periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus followed by patients with periodontitis only and minimal levels in periodontal health patients.
Conclusion: The results indicate that salivary leptin levels are raised in the saliva of patients with periodontitis with diabetes mellitus than healthy controls and hence can be an important biomarker for periodontal therapeutic purposes.
Protective Effects of Aloe vera Gel Ethanolic Extract Against Streptozotocin-induced Hepato-pancreatic Toxicity in Female Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Khan Hasan Akbar , Ul Haq Rana Muhammad Ahtasham , Naz Anam , Awan Sana Javaid , Shuaib Muhammad , Badar Rehana 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Organ toxicity results from the accumulation of toxic substances in the organs which ultimately culminates in failure of the organ. Allopathic medications are not very effective in organ protection. Hence, it is imperative that a natural and safer organoprotective agent should be found.
Study Design: To assess the organoprotective effect of Aloe vera gel against STZ for renal, hepato and pancreatic toxicity in albino Wistar rats.
Place and Duration of Study: Whole work had been completed at the Microbiology and Molecular biology labs of IMBB, The University of Lahore during 2019- 2020.
Methodology: Organoprotective ability of different doses of ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera (A. vera) gel was evaluated against intraperitoneal induction of 55mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic, renal and hepatic toxicity in female albino Wistar rats by keeping metformin (100mg/kg) as a positive protective control.
Results: Results revealed that 200 mg/kg ethanolic extracts of A. vera gel showed significant organoprotection as ALT (57.5±7.45I U/L), AST (39.8±3.45I U/L), ALP (438±103I U/L), urea (74.1±8.71mg/dl), creatinine (0.688±0.146 mg/dl), amylase (1247±75 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L) were significantly less than organotoxic control [ALT (103±7.23I U/L), AST (237±12.7I U/L), ALP (2092±195 U/L), Urea (153±18.6mg/dl), Creatinine (1.54±0.262 mg/dl), amylase (675±83 U/L) and lipase (12.2±1.04 U/L)], and these results were near or equal to organoprotective control [ALT (71.6±8.98I U/L), AST (121±28.1 U/L), ALP (916±103 U/L), urea (115±11.4mg/dl), creatinine (1.14±0.226 mg/dl), amylase (667±80 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L)]. The histopathological analysis also highlighted more organoprotection at this concentration as compared to other doses of extract.
Conclusion: A. vera gel extract is an able organoprotective agent. This extract can be studied further for its active ingredients as a source of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agents.
A Survey on Awareness among Dentists Treating HIV Affected Patients
Authors: Neha R. , Premavathy Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study is to create awareness among Dentists treating HIV patients.
Introduction: Healthcare workers including physicians, dentists, nurses and laboratory workers are considered to be among the groups at the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission. Dental treatment procedures frequently involve exposure to blood and saliva that may be contaminated with HIV. Dental care of HIV-positive individuals plays a vital role in improving their nutritional intake, medication tolerance and effectives, treatment success rate, and quality of life. The main motive of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards HIV patients among dentists.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study survey was conducted among 101 dentists practicing in and around the area. It was done as an online survey. The data was collected using pre-tested self administrated 11 item questionnaire and was statistically analyzed using SPSS software version-23.
Results: The results show that the majority of the subjects in the study population were males (55%) and remaining were females (44%).There were no significant differences between males and females in the knowledge and attitude scores.
Conclusion: The results of the survey demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitude of dentists about HIV/AIDS infections but some general population suggesting that higher knowledge level of dentists plays a very important role in forming the attitude and practices regarding patients with HIV/AIDS.
Designing Pillow as a Cure for Cervicogenic Headache: A Review
Authors: Devi T.  Poovishnu 
Published: February 2022

Background: Presently there is probably no device such as pillows designed or available in the market for relief in case of cervicogenic headache.
Objective: The objective is to come up with a pillow which could be used by the persons having cervicogenic headache in case of orthopedic manual therapy.
Method: A pillow for cervicogenic headache with adjustable neck dimensions is characterized by left side ball, right side ball and mechanism for adjusting distance between these balls as per size of the neck of patient, entire assembly of the balls and the mechanism is embedded in socket. Result: The result is the pillow has memory foam with plush covering outside.
Conclusion: The invention provides a pillow with two balls for the treatment of cervicogenic head ache.
Morphometric Analysis of Orbital Cavity in South Indian Population
Authors: Kritheka C. K. , Premavathy Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Each orbital cavity is actually meant as a socket for the eyeball. The human orbit is a complicated anatomic area, which performs predominant position in the craniofacial complex.
Aim: The aim of the study is to provide the normal reference orbital parameters for the south Indian population.
Materials and Methods: The present study has adopted 30 south Indian dry skulls. An orbital cavity was measured using vernier callipers. With the help of vernier calliper and ruler, the measurements such as length, breadth of the orbital cavity and biorbital breadth, interorbital breadth of the orbital cavity were measured. The paired t-test is the statistical method used in this study.
Results: The mean orbital breadth of the right orbit is 34.6±1.777 and left orbit was 34.701±1.711
The mean orbital height of the right orbit is 33.417±1.494 and the left orbit is 33.38±1.560. The mean biorbital breadth of the orbital cavity is 94.16 ± 2.533 and means interorbital breadth of the orbital cavity is 20.615±1.172. Paired t test demonstrated no significant statistical difference between the right and left orbit.
Conclusion: The orbital cavity additionally used for determination of sex and ethnic courses of a cadaver and its phase of the cranium that posses manipulate over sexual dimorphic traits.
Prescriptions Audit for Antibiotics among Outpatients in the Department of Periodontics
Authors: Chaudhary Amit , Sharma Dharmesh , Supehia Sakshi 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to audit prescriptions for antibiotics for cost optimization in outpatients undergoing periodontal treatment.
Study Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was done at a dental college in Himachal Pradesh from August 2020 to July 2021.
Methodology: 849 patients agreed to share their data, 614 of whom received antibiotics. The demographic information, the name of the given antibiotic, dosage form, dose, strength, frequency, and the reason for prescribing were gathered. Antibiotic monotherapy and multitherapy prescriptions were evaluated. Antibiotics prescribed by the NLEM 2015 were calculated. For cost minimization evaluation, the price of prescribed antibiotics in branded and generic names was calculated in INR. The results were calculated using descriptive statistics and presented in frequency and percentage.
Results: This finding shows irrationality and out-of-pocket expenses in antibiotic prescribing. The most common diagnosis was periodontitis. Only 74.5% of all antibiotics prescribed were from the NLEM 2015. The most often recommended antibiotic was a fixed-dose combination of Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (61.2%) and accounts for 87.80% of the total cost of 146669.82 INR. Only 9.7 % of antibiotics were prescribed with a generic name.
Conclusion: Generic names and prescribing from essential drug lists play a critical role in the treatment and prevention of a wide variety of diseases on a worldwide scale by providing cost-effective healthcare coverage.
Assessing the Knowledge, Anxiety and Fear of Patients Visiting Dental Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha. A Questionnaire Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Baral Subhalaxmi , Singh Dhirendra K. , Kumar Smriti P. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ease of transmission of COVID-19 makes people scared of getting infected with COVID-19 hence making them reluctant to visit dental health care providers, which delays dental care during COVID-19.
Aim & Objectives of the Study: To analyze the knowledge, anxiety and fear of subjects visiting dental hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha State, India, using a questionnaire form.
Materials and Methods: A total of 111 subjects visiting the outpatient of Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Bhubaneswar who were indicated for any dental treatment were selected for the study. Fear and anxiety of the subjects was assessed before and after the required dental treatment using a questionnaire consisting. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23 software.
Results: The result shows that majority of the subjects lack proper knowledge and were anxious to receive the treatment. Upon proper consultation and treatment, fear and anxiety reduced to a significant level.
Conclusion: Assessing pre-treatment anxiety using a questionnaire helps in modification in the treatment approach as well as the in the ambience of the dental clinic or hospital during COVID-19.
Metoclopramide Prescribing Pattern in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Fouda Dina I. , Foudah Ahmed I. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe metoclopramide prescribing pattern in Al-Kharj.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that was conducted to know the prescribing pattern of metoclopramide in a public hospital in Alkharj. The data were collected from the electronic prescriptions in the hospital in the first half of 2018.
Results: The outpatient pharmacy dispensed metoclopramide to 160 patients during the first half of 2018. More than half of the patients were female patients (51.25%). The age of 36.25% of the patients was between 29 and 29 years old and the age of 25.00% of them was between 30 and 39 years old. Most of the prescriptions were prescribed for 3 days (68.13%) followed by 5 days (20.00%). Emergency department prescribed about 96.25% of the metoclopramide prescriptions.
Conclusion: The present study showed that metoclopramide was used commonly in Al-kharj. Further studies are needed to describe the frequency and pattern of using metoclopramide and also to describe the pattern of using other antiemetic medications in different settings.
Assessment of In vitro Antioxidant Potential of the Polyphenols and the Sulphated Polysaccharides fractions of Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata
Authors: Ravindran N. T. , Sadiq A. Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To assess the in vitro antioxidant potential of the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata.
Study Design: In the present work, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were used for the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Adhiparasakthi College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), G.B. Nagar, Kalavai – 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: The polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions were extracted from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata, and were assayed for in vitro antioxidant potential using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl raidcal and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities.
Results: Both the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions were extracted from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata, showed good in vitro antioxidant potential with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The percentage of inhibition ranged from 90.37 – 100.0 % inhibition for polyphenols fraction and 68.73 – 95.23 % for sulphated polysaccharides. The IC50 values ranged from 0.185 mg/ml to 0.430 mg/ml.
Conclusion: Both the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata are shown to be capable of scavenging a wide range of synthetic and naturally occurring free radicals, and they could be utilized as good natural source of antioxidants. These data may contribute to a rational basis for the use of antioxidant-rich marine algal fractions in the therapy of diseases related to oxidative stress.