bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of a Stool Concentration Method for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Rajendran Priya , Murugesan Baskaran , Balaji Sarath , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Palanisamy Sivaraman , Ramamoorthy Thirumalani , Hasini Sindhu , Devaleenal Bella , Watson Basilea 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The inability of young children to expectorate sputum and paucibacillary status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) increases its diagnostic complexity. In this study, we aimed to standardize a stool concentration method for the detection of MTB and its drug resistance by line probe assay (LPA).

Methods:
The stool from 10 healthy children spiked with H37Rv in five different dilutions (1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10,000), and stool from 10 confirmed TB and 54 clinically diagnosed TB children were subjected to an in-house stool concentration protocol. All the processed filtrates were subjected to smear microscopy, solid culture, Xpert ultra testing, and LPA.

Results:
Of 10 control samples, growth was seen in four samples (neat 1:1). In smear microscopy, bacilli could be seen in eight samples (1:1 and 1:10). Xpert ultra testing could detect MTB in eight samples in all dilutions with different loads. LPA could detect MTB in all samples and dilutions. In microbiologically confirmed children, seven out of 10 stool samples tested were positive. Out of 54 children with clinically diagnosed TB, 4 (7.4%) could be confirmed by microbiological diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The protocol standardized in this study proves to be better working in the molecular detection of MTB.
A Prospective Study of the Clinical Profile of Hemoptysis and its Correlation with Radiological and Microbiological Findings
Authors: Kaur Harveen , Pandhi Naveen , Kajal N. C. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The etiological pattern of hemoptysis has evolved, with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) becoming less prevalent as a cause. There is a paucity of literature regarding the spectrum of diseases that present as hemoptysis and the data related to detailed clinical profile are lacking. Hence, this study is taken up to determine the clinical profile of hemoptysis and its correlation with radiological and microbiological findings.

Methods:
This was a 3-year observational prospective study of a total of 50 patients who presented with active hemoptysis. Data were recorded from these patients for assessing the clinical characteristics, radiological, and microbiological correlation.

Results:
The most common etiologies of hemoptysis identified in this study were PTB in 60% of the patients, aspergilloma in 14%, followed by bronchiectasis in 8%, pneumonia in 8%, carcinoma lung in 4%, and lung abscess in 1 (2%). Mild hemoptysis was present in 8% of patients, whereas 42% had moderate hemoptysis, 18% of patients had severe, and 32% had massive hemoptysis. Sixty percent of patients had recurrent hemoptysis, and the majority of the patients, i.e., 68% tested negative on sputum smear examination for acid-fast bacillus. In 60% of patients, no growth was obtained in the sputum cultures. The most common organisms isolated from sputum cultures of the rest of the patients were Pseudomonas in 14%, Klebsiella in 10%, Escherichia coli in 4%, Staphylococci in 4%, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4% of the cases. The majority of the patients were having consolidation and cavitary disease. A highly significant correlation was noted between the radiological findings of consolidation, mycetoma, cystic shadows, lung mass, and lung abscess and the etiology of hemoptysis (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Hemoptysis of any volume implies a life-threatening process, which mandates immediate evaluation and treatment. It is evident that the etiological spectrum of hemoptysis is continuously changing, and more sophisticated investigations, better imaging techniques, bronchoscopic tools, availability of newer techniques in the developing world, and changing patterns of diseases, all contribute to these changes. Identification of the etiology, and localization of the bleeding site, is essential for the efficient management of hemoptysis.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: George John Titus , Miraclin Angel T , Sathyendra Sowmya , Michael Joy Sarojini , Prasad Jasmin , Rebekah Grace 
Published: December 2022

Background:
India is endemic for Tuberculosis (TB), contributing to the world's highest number of active cases. Diabetes (DM), with its increasing burden in India, could contribute to adverse outcomes among patients with TB.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. We defined cases as those patients with diabetes at recruitment. Controls were non diabetics (NDM). Sputum samples for AFB smears, AFB culture and Xpert PCR along with blood samples for glycosylated Haemoglobin and glucose levels were collected at recruitment and at 6 months from patients with sputum positive pulmonary TB. Blood glucose levels and sputum smears were repeated at 2 months and monthly till they tested negative. The primary outcome studied was mortality at 6 month follow-up. The secondary outcomes included the time to conversion of sputum smears and cure rates between cases and controls.

Results:
We recruited 124 patients of which 68 were cases. Mortality after therapy was 15% in cases and 7% in controls, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Equal proportions in each group (Diabetics: 9% vs. NDM 9%) had persistent smear positivity at 2 months. There was no association between delayed sputum conversion and uncontrolled diabetes. Only about 57% of cases and 50% of controls were documented to have completed treatment or been cured. A significant reduction in HbA1c after 6 months of Antituberculous therapy was noted among the cases. [Mean difference – 1.76, P-value – 0.001, 95% CI of difference – (1.01 – 2.52)].

Conclusions:
Diabetes did not have adverse outcomes in the form of increased mortality or delayed sputum conversion rates. The high proportion of loss to follow-up seems to be a trend of concern, which should be addressed emergently.
Evaluation of the Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Rifampicin at the Regional Hospital Center of Maradi, Niger Republic
Authors: Abdoulaye Ousmane , Idi Iklima D , Mahaman Laouali Harouna Amadou , Lawan Ibrahim Maman , Boureima Hassane , Mati Fatima Guiet , Biraima Ahamadou , Maman Bacha Boukar Sidi , Mamane Saadou Habou , Issa Amoussa Gazaliou 
Published: December 2022

Background:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, 600,000 cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) have been reported worldwide, including 490,000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB. Thus, through the present study, we proposed to evaluate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin in the regional hospital of Maradi.

Methods:
Our study involved 887 sputum samples that were GeneXpert tested from January 2016 to December 2020. These data were collected from the laboratory records of the Maradi Regional Hospital and analyzed with SPSS and Excel 2013 software.

Results:
In total, more than half of the patients were male, i.e., a sex ratio of 3.03. The average age was 41 years. The rate of detection of M. tuberculosis by GeneXpert was 42% and the frequency of resistance to rifampicin was 20%. However, treatment failure and relapse were associated with this monoresistance in 53.95% and 30.26% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study shows a fairly high prevalence of rifampicin resistance in the Maradi region, corresponding to twice the WHO threshold. The vast majority of these cases presented either a therapeutic failure or a relapse. Urgent and effective actions must be taken to significantly reduce the rates of treatment failure and relapse to decrease the rate of monoresistance and thus avoid the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.
Line Probe Assay Test in New Cases of Tuberculosis with Rifampicin Resistance not Detected by Xpert MTB/RIF
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Hasan Helmia , Kusmiati Tutik , Permatasari Ariani , Kusumaningrum Deby , Wijaksono Whendy 
Published: December 2022

Background:
In Indonesia, the National guideline for tuberculosis only recommended taking the DST to check INH resistance only for re-treatment cases of rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) detected by Xpert MTB/RIF. This study was conducted mainly to evaluate the proportion of isoniazid resistance in new cases of RS-TB according to the Xpert MTB/RIF.

Methods:
This was an observational descriptive study in RS-TB new patients diagnosed by Xpert MTB/RIF. Sputum samples were examined using first-line LPA and evaluated by culture-based DST. Results of first-line LPA and culture-based DST were compared and presented.

Results:
Fifty-four new cases of RS-TB (according Xpert MTB/RIF) were enrolled in this study. INH resistance was detected in 4 (7.4%) using FL-LPA and in 5 (9.3%) using culture-based DST. RIF resistance was also found in 1 (1.9%) using FL-LPA and in 2 (3.7%) using culture-based DST. Ethambutol resistance was also detected in 4 (7.4%) using culture-based DST.

Conclusion:
First-line LPA successfully revealed 4 (7.4%) of Hr-TB in new RS-TB cases detected by the Xpert MTB/RIF. In new cases with RS-TB detected by the Xpert MTB/RIF, FL- LPA can be used as rapid molecular DST to detect RIF and INH resistance followed by culture-based DST to examine other drug resistance.
Scoping Review
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Yulistiani Yulistiani , Soedarsono Soedarsono 
Published: December 2022

Background:
A regimen containing bedaquiline–delamanid is recommended in management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) to increase a success rate. However, this regimen was rare in a clinical setting due to a potential risk of QT prolongation. Several studies have reported the incidence of QT prolongation after administration of this regimen, but the results are inconsistent due to different sample size, study design, and covariate. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the published articles related to QT prolongation of bedaquiline and delamanid in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using a scoping review.

Methods:
This scoping review was conducted under PRISMA for scoping review. The outcomes of this review were incidence of QT prolongation and death. We found 8 articles to be included in this review.

Results:
The incidence of QT prolongation was higher for DR TB patients who received a regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid. However, this review found no clinical symptoms, such as cardiac arrhythmias, torsade de pointes, or even death. DR TB patients, especially the elderly, were at risk for QT prolongation. Special consideration in patients with HIV and low level of potassium should be closely monitored for QT interval.

Conclusion:
The regular measurement of electrocardiography was highly recommended to evaluate QT interval. Generally, the use of individualized regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid is relatively safe in DR TB patients.
Interpretações e poderes em disputa: o ressurgimento do Centrão na política brasileira
Authors: Bezerra Gabriella Maria Lima , Vieira Márcia Paula 
Published: December 2022

A vitória de Eduardo Cunha (PMDB/MDB-RJ) para a presidência da Câmara dos Deputados, em 2015, emplacou nas notícias sobre política o termo “centrão”. Diante da crescente utilização dessa denominação e da reviravolta dos poderes desse grupo de partidos nas relações entre executivo e legislativo no governo Bolsonaro, buscamos neste artigo: 1) refletir sobre o uso do termo nos debates políticos brasileiros, identificando, a origem dessa denominação e os sentidos correntes dessa caracterização, como também, 2) analisar as possíveis transformações na disputa política, com o seu ressurgimento e ascendência. No trabalho reconstruímos a origem do termo e seu ressurgimento, identificando a metamorfose da sua aplicação. Analisamos os significados do uso do termo “Centrão” nos debates políticos nacionais atuais nas colunas da Folha de São Paulo no período de 2016 a 2020. Como desdobramento, buscamos identificar os partidos vinculados ao Centrão no governo Bolsonaro e a composição das bancadas. Para finalizar, recuperamos o debate dos estudos legislativos sobre os incentivos institucionais e o comportamento parlamentar no Brasil, destacando a complexidade e o desafio analítico para a ciência política brasileira, na berlinda entre a crítica e uma visão moralizante da política. Consequentemente, nesse exercício argumentativo, destacamos que as contradições que o uso do termo carrega incentiva a ampliação analítica do fenômeno, especialmente, a inclusão dos incentivos institucionais para a compreensão do comportamento dos atores parlamentares identificados com esse bloco.
Vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 para embarazadas o madres en periodo de lactancia. Documento de posicionamiento del comité de nutrición pediátrica de SENPE (Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Nutrición Parenteral, Enteral Clínica y Metabolismo de Pichincha)
Authors: Moscoso M. Paúl 
Published: December 2022

Para agosto del 2021, el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsable de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19, ha afectado a mas de 210 millones de personas y ha provocado la muerte de más de 4 millones de seres humanos. En el Ecuador han sido confirmados 501.049 casos con 32.223 fallecidos.
Las mujeres embarazadas pueden tener un mayor riesgo de enfermedad grave y muerte causadas por COVID-19 en comparación con las mujeres no embarazadas, sobre todo en el tercer trimestre o con factores de riesgo como edad materna avanzada, obesidad, hipertensión crónica y diabetes pregestacional. Los estudios actuales no demuestran que la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 durante la gestación se asocie a resultados perinatales desfavorables como aborto o parto prematuro.
PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM AND IMPACT ON COGNITIVE LEARNING – A REVIEW BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohita Bhardwaj , Dr. Deepti Dabas Hazarika  
Published: December 2022

Objective: During initial phases of a child's life, there are 4 main areas of development: motor, communication, social/emotional and cognitive (thinking ability, knowledge, skill, and activities related to brain). We aim to study the primary school curriculum and its impact on the cognitive learning/development.
Methodology: Piaget's theory is one of the theories of paramount importance, while we discuss on cognitive development in the children.Huitt and Hummel (2003) studied the implications of this theory that segregates cognitive development into 4 stages namely 1. Sensorimotor stage 2. Pre-operational stage 3. Concrete operational stage, and 4. Formal operational stage.
Marwaha et al. (2017) studied the implication of Piaget's theory in children and their correlation with IQ. Basis Piaget’s theory it is recommended that the student's abilities should be challenged by teachers, but they should not present a curriculum which is beyond the child's level as that can adversely impact the cognitive development of the child. The current study has been carried out by analyzing the secondary data available through various research papers to derive a correlation between primary school curriculum and child's cognitive development. We also studied the deficiencies of the current primary school curriculum in getting the desired cognitive impacts on children.
Results and Implications: The study will help understand the primary school curriculum in India, studying the impact of curriculum on cognitive development and identification of important factors/aspects in the curriculum ((content, teaching pedagogy etc).
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY Symplocos racemosa (LODHRA) AND Cinnamon cassia (CINNAMON BARK) FORMULATION SYNTHESISED SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Sneka S , Anju Cecil , S. Rajeshkumar  
Published: December 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the anti-diabetic effect of silver nanoparticles using symplocos racemosa( lodhra) and cinnamomum cassia ( cinnamon bark ) assister silver nano particle.
Introduction: Lodhra is widely used in various Ayurvedic medicines. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world.Nanoparticles have been used in various practical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various field.Recently, AgNPs have been frequently used in many Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully applied in several areas due to their significant antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. In dentistry, AgNP can be applied in disinfection, prophylaxis, and prevention of infections in the oral cavity.
Materials and methods: Fresh lodhra bark and cinnamon powder was collected. 1g of freshly collected Lodhra and cinnamon bark extract is mixed with 100 ml of distilled water thoroughly and boiled for 3-5 mins in a heating mantle then filtered by using filter paper. Silver Nitrate powder is added in 500 ml of distilled water and to this lodhra bark extract has been added. The solution is kept in a shaker and the reading was taken for every 2 hrs for analyzing the synthesis of nanoparticles. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 490, 470, and 450 μl buffer to different volumes (10, 30, and 50 μl) of 30mg/mL of Lodhra and cinnamon bark extract, synthesised silver nanoparticles, stored (at 37°C and 4°C), and calcined (300°C, 500°C and 700°C) AgNPs samples, respectively, to make the total volume of 500 μl reaction solution.
Results: Antidiabetic activity of lodhra and cinnamon bark extract mediated AgNPs was assessed using alpha amylase assay. In this silver nanoparticles induced Lodhra and cinnamon bark extract shows more antidiabetic activity than the herbal extract
Conclusion: From this it is concluded that Lodha and cinnamon bark shows significant anti diabetic activity. Also this extract can be used in toothpaste & mouthwash to reduce the inflammation in oral cavity. Further studies can be done on the side effects of Lodha and cinnamon bark using silver nanoparticles and also on the other activities of Lodha and cinnamon to know it’s complete potential
Registration Of Neurological Patiens In Primary Healthe Care
Authors: Babadjanova Zamira Xikmatovna  
Published: December 2022

The affectiveness of dispensary records has been studied by examining ambulance records of 460 patients with chronical illnesses. The following results has been defined: recovered 2.1%, satisfactory 70.2%, stabile 2,2%,disability 4.5%,the illness got worse 2.5%.
Combining Machine Learning Mechanism With Statistical Models For Predicting The Survival Of Lung Cancer
Authors: Udara Rangana Jayathilaka , Gi-Cheon Park  
Published: December 2022

Machine learning is a great artificial intelligence technology used in cancer prediction and diagnosis. Also, with the development of personalized and medical applications, there has recently been a rising tendency to machine learning (ML) techniques for prognostic predictions. However, developing accurate prediction systems of cancer mortality in medical environments remains a challenge.A regression model is being constructed to forecast lung cancer individuals' survival rates in months. It has previously been demonstrated that predictive analytics function well for brief overall survival of lower than 6 months; nevertheless, model performance decreases as greater survival times are attempted to be predicted. To estimate survival rates, regression systems are proposed in conjunction using a classification framework for this research. The Surveillance, Epidemiological, and End Results (SEER) dataset were used to gather a collection of de-identified lung cancer survivor data. To evaluate lung cancer information from the SEER study to construct effective lung cancer survival predictive design. Several qualities were removed/modified/split as a consequence of specially planned pre-processing processes, and two of the 11 resultant characteristics were shown to offer substantial predictive potential.ANOVA is used to choose a subset of components for the analyses. For classifying, a confusion matrix is used, and for regression, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used.For classifications, Random Forests (RF) were utilized, whereas, for regression, conventional Regression Analysis, Gradient Boosted Machines (GBM), and Random Forests have been used. The regression findings indicate that RF performs better for survival periods of and months on RMSE and , correspondingly, whereas GBM was quiet for survival periods of months on RMSE . Results comparison charts show that its regression analysis functions stronger for median survival durations than the RMSE estimates can reflect.
STEP TOWORDS THE FORMULATION OF INJECTABLE HYDROGEL: PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF TERIFLUNOMIDE
Authors: Phalke Pallavi L , Dr. Patel Dipti H  
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of formulation of this hydrogel is to treat the osteoarthritis which is one of the common inflammatory autoimmune disorders of joints. The use of conventional drugs like NSAIDs having various side effects.
The aim of our research was to develop a formulation of injectable hydrogel containing teriflunomide. This study will be helps us for the development of stable, robust and therapeutically effective dosage form.
Method: Solubility of Teriflunomaide was determined by using various solvents. By using infrared spectrum and absorption maxima the purity of sample was checked. With the help of UV spectrophotometer standard UV curve was developed. Drug excipients compatibility studies were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, partition coefficient and also short term drug solution stability studies were performed.
Result: Teriflunomide is soluble in methanol & 0.1 N NaOH on the other hand poorly soluble in distilled water, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 0.1 N HCl. Absorption maxima was observed at 292nm and infrared spectrum was showing the characteristic peaks. The standard curve obtained was linear with correlation coefficient below 1. Log P value obtained at 2.78 it confirms that teriflunomide is having both hydrophilic & hydrophobic nature. After the entire short term stability studies drug was found to be stable in short term stability studies.
Conclusion: The studies like melting point, FTIR etc suggested that drug selected for the formulation was found to be pure. Partition coefficient values suggested that it is having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature. Results obtained from short term stability studies were suggested that drug is stable showing no degradation on phosphate buffer which confirmed by no shift of λ max.