bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 hospitalization with later long COVID in a person with Down syndrome
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Khan Ishtiakul Islam , Nahin Sabrina , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Afrin Sadia , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractViruses that induce pulmonary difficulties and auto‐inflammation are more common in people with Down syndrome. They also have a higher number of comorbidities associated with a worse prognosis than the overall population. Adult patients with acute COVID‐19 are increasingly being diagnosed with Long COVID. However, patients with Down syndrome with later long COVID‐19 are the first example documented in Bangladesh.
Multiphysikalische Batteriesimulation
Authors: Fontes Ed , Ekström Henrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFür die Entwicklung neuer – und die Verbesserung etablierter – Batterietechnologien bieten Modellierung und Simulation effiziente und kostengünstige Ansätze. Welcher Ansatz der Richtige ist, hängt davon ab, welcher Aspekt einer Batterie das Ziel der Analyse und Verbesserung ist.
Die Wasserstoff‐Farbpalette
Authors: Herrig Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEr ist das kleinste und leichteste chemische Element, aber einer der größten Hoffnungsträger auf dem Weg in Richtung Klimaneutralität: Wasserstoff (H2). Welche Hindernisse stehen einer Wasserstoffwirtschaft im Wege? Und was bedeuten die vielen Farben – von grün über blau bis türkis?
Die Anfänge der Normen zur funktionalen Sicherheit
Authors: Grimsehl Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMit dem Erscheinen der 1. Ausgabe der Reihe IEC/EN 61508 (“Funktionale Sicherheit sicherheitsbezogener elektrischer/elektronischer/programmierbarer elektronischer Systeme”) im Jahre 2001 war der offizielle Beginn der Funktionalen Sicherheit gelegt. Doch ihre Anfänge der reichen weiter zurück und die Funktionalen Sicherheit ist in den Entwicklungsabteilungen von Pepperl+Fuchs seit fast 50 Jahren verankert.
Cyber Security für Industrieanlagen
Authors: Ullrich Steffen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn viele Industrieanlagen verlieren Betreiber durch fremdverwaltete Dienste, zum Beispiel Cloud Computing heute zunehmend die Kontrolle über ihre OT‐ und IT‐Sicherheit. Zero‐Trust‐Architekturen aus der IT‐Welt helfen Betreibern, die Netzwerkhoheit über ihre OT zu behalten und damit das Vertrauen in ihre Infrastruktur und Betriebstechnologie wiederzugewinnen.
Use ofmulti‐perturbationShapley analysis inlesion studiesof functional networks: The case of upper limb paresis
Authors: Ofir‐Geva Shay , Meilijson Isaac , Frenkel‐Toledo Silvi , Soroker Nachum 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of variation in lesion topography on the expression of functional impairments following stroke is important, as it may pave the way to modeling structure–function relations in statistical terms while pointing to constraints for adaptive remapping and functional recovery.Multi‐perturbation Shapley‐value analysis(MSA) is a relatively novel game‐theoretical approach for multivariate lesion‐symptom mapping. In this methodological paper, we provide a comprehensive explanation of MSA. We use synthetic data to assess the method's accuracy and perform parameter optimization. We then demonstrate its application using a cohort of 107 first‐event subacute stroke patients, assessed for upper limb (UL) motor impairment (Fugl‐Meyer Assessment scale). Under the conditions tested, MSA could correctly detect simulated ground‐truth lesion‐symptom relationships with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of ~90%. For real behavioral data, MSA disclosed a strong hemispheric effect in the relative contribution of specific regions‐of‐interest (ROIs): poststroke UL motor function was mostly contributed by damage to ROIs associated with movement planning (supplementary motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus) following left‐hemispheric damage (LHD) and by ROIs associated with movement execution (primary motor and somatosensory cortices and the ventral brainstem) following right‐hemispheric damage (RHD). Residual UL motor ability following LHD was found to depend on a wider array of brain structures compared to the residual motor ability of RHD patients. The results demonstrate that MSA can provide a unique insight into the relative importance of different hubs in neural networks, which is difficult to obtain using standard univariate methods.
Presentation and outcomes of patients with clinically T1‐2, N0 oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma: The interplay of primary treatment modality and human papillomavirus status
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Zhu Vivian L. , Bayon Rodrigo , Buchakjian Marisa R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the pattern of utilization and outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) versus primary robotic‐assisted surgery in patients with early‐stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of patients with clinically T1‐2, N0 OPSCC was performed using the National Cancer Database, 2010–2016.ResultsA total of 1451 patients were included. Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tumors was 58.30%. Primary surgery was performed in 30.25% of the sample. Tongue base and clinically T1 tumors were each associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing surgery (p < 0.05). Histopathology of patients who underwent surgery demonstrated a prevalence of 15.95% with lymphovascular invasion, 16.67% with extranodal extension, 19.36% were T updated, and 30.00% were N upstaged. Improved survival was observed in the surgery + adjuvant RT group compared to RT alone for HPV‐positive tumors (HR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.62; p = 0.002).ConclusionThis study provides epidemiological perspective regarding management pattern and outcomes of patients with early‐stage OPSCC.
Meta‐evaluation of studies on community physical activity programs in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Alanna Gomes , Sá Guerreiro Cátia , Malta Deborah Carvalho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of the meta‐evaluation, especially in health promotion programs, is still scarce.AimTo verify if the evaluation studies conducted about the Academia da Cidade Programme and the Academia da Saúde Programme comply with the principles and standards of the meta‐evaluation.MethodsThis meta‐evaluation study was conducted using articles from scientific databases. The parameters of utility, propriety, and accuracy, as defined by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, and specificity, were applied. The classification of the studies was based on the Stufflebeam's checklist.ResultsOf the 18 selected articles, the principle of utility was fully met in 50%, given that 27.8% were classified as very good, 5.6% as good, and 16.7% as fair. The principle of propriety mostly received the result of very good (44.4%), followed by excellent (38.9%), good (11.15), and weak (5.6%). The principle of accuracy was classified as excellent in 44.4% of the studies, considering that in 33.3% it was considered very good; 11.1% good, and 11.1% fair. Specificity was classified as very good in 94.4% of the studies.ConclusionThe physical activity community programs evaluations were carried out in accordance to the principles and standards of meta‐evaluation tenets. Most studies were classified as excellent regarding the principle of utility and accuracy, or very good as for the principle of propriety and specificity.
Psychological adaptation level optimization to attain the goal of sustainable education
Authors: Ning Qinliang , Shi Junyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article aimed to study the psychological adaptability of university students. Along with that, the influence of sports activities on enhancing the psychology of students is also examined. The study also analyzes the impact of music on the psychoogy of students. A two‐factor model is used for analyzing the level of college students' mental health. In this study, data was collected from 555 first‐year undergraduate university students through an online questionnaire survey. Levels of both positive and negative psychological factors among students are examined. The findings indicate that students who participate in sports appear to have higher levels of positive psychological characteristics than students who do not exhibit any interest in participating in sports. Additionally, students that participate in sports have lower levels of negative psychological effects than nonparticipants. As a result, the study concluded that sports and other physical activities have a positive effect on the psychology of university students. The advantages of physical activities and sports in enhancing the mental and emotional health of students are highlighted in this study. To improve students' psychology and attain better academic results, educational institutions should provide students with various opportunities for sports.
The present circumstances of pediatric practice by family physicians in Japan: Cross sectional research
Authors: Takamura Akiteru , Machino Ako , Sugiyama Yukari , Sako Atsunori , Kohashi Kosuke , Yabe Chizuru , Ichinose Hidefumi , Kitanishi Fuminao , Kubota Mitsuru , Miyazaki Kei ,   for the Japan Primary Care Association, Pediatric and Adolescent Health Committee
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, pediatric primary care has often been provided not by general practitioners, but by specialists. Although official pediatric training of general practitioners started in Japan in 2018 no studies to date show the extent to which Japanese general practitioners are committed to pediatric care.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey on pediatric training and current pediatric practice for family physicians certified by the Japan Primary Care Association.ResultsOf 1067 Japan Primary Care Association certified family physicians, 288 (27%) responded to the survey. More than 90% had received at least 3 months of pediatric training. Family physicians who completed 6 or more months of pediatric training provided significantly more pediatric care (p = 0.005). However, nearly 40% were currently not involved in pediatric care. Japan Primary Care Association certified family physicians are treating acute and chronic common diseases as well as diseases that may intersect with other departments. However, most respondents indicated there are not many opportunities to learn systematically about the care of these diseases.ConclusionsIn Japan, general practitioners are still not actively involved in pediatric care, but they treat patients with diseases that make it difficult to determine the most appropriate department to see and a wide range of age groups. It will become increasingly important to provide learning opportunities and better training environments in these areas with related organizations.
Morphine disrupts macrophage functions even during HIV infection
Authors: Barbaro John M , Jaureguiberry-Bravo Matias , Sidoli Simone , Berman Joan W 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) is a debilitating comorbidity that reduces quality of life in 15–40% of people with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opioid use has been shown to increase neurocognitive deficits in PWH. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) harbor HIV in the CNS even in PWH on ART. We hypothesized that morphine (MOR), a metabolite of heroin, further dysregulates functional processes in MDMs to increase neuropathogenesis. We found that, in uninfected and HIV-infected primary human MDMs, MOR activates these cells by increasing phagocytosis and up-regulating reactive oxygen species. Effects of MOR on phagocytosis were dependent on μ-opioid receptor activity and were mediated, in part, by inhibited lysosomal degradation of phagocytized substrates. All results persisted when cells were treated with both MOR and a commonly prescribed ART cocktail, suggesting minimal impact of ART during opioid exposure. We then performed mass spectrometry in HIV-infected MDMs treated with or without MOR to determine proteomic changes that suggest additional mechanisms by which opioids affect macrophage homeostasis. Using downstream pathway analyses, we found that MOR dysregulates ER quality control and extracellular matrix invasion. Our data indicate that MOR enhances inflammatory functions and impacts additional cellular processes in HIV-infected MDMs to potentially increases neuropathogenesis in PWH using opioids.
Influence of body mass index and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on gait biomechanics
Authors: Pamukoff Derek N. , Holmes Skylar C. , Garcia Steven A. , Vakula Michael N. , Shumski Eric J. , Moffit Tyler J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) and history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) independently influence gait biomechanics and knee osteoarthritis risk, but the interaction between these factors is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare gait biomechanics between individuals with and without ACLR, and with and without overweight/obesity. We examined 104 individuals divided into four groups: with and without ACLR, and with low or high BMI (n = 26 per group). Three‐dimensional gait biomechanics were evaluated at preferred speed. The peak vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion angle and excursion, external knee flexion moment, and external knee adduction moment were extracted for analysis. Gait features were compared between groups using 2 (with and without overweight/obesity) × 2 (with and without ACLR) analysis of variance. Primary findings indicated that those with ACLR and high BMI had a larger external knee adduction moment compared with those with low BMI and with (p = 0.004) and without ACLR (p = 0.005), and compared with those without ACLR and high BMI (p = 0.001). The main effects of ACLR and BMI group were found for the knee flexion moment, and those with ACLR and with high BMI had lower knee flexion moments compared with those without ACLR (p = 0.031) and with low BMI (p = 0.021), respectively. Data suggest that individuals with ACLR and high BMI may benefit from additional intervention targeting the knee adduction moment. Moreover, lower external knee flexion moments in those with high BMI and ACLR were consistent, but high BMI did not exacerbate deficits in the knee flexion moment in those with ACLR. [Correction added on 9 November 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, for clarity, the words “reductions in the lower” was removed from the initial sentence to read “Moreover, lower external knee flexion moments”.]
WhatsApp supervision for a lay‐led Islamic trauma‐focused intervention in Somaliland: Qualitative content analysis
Authors: Klein Alexandra B. , Egeh Mumin H. , Bowling Alexandra R. , Holloway Ash , Ali Ayaan Abdillahi , Abdillahi Zeinab Adam , Abdi Mohamed Ahmed , Ibrahim Salma Hassan , Bootan Khadar Hindi , Ibrahim Hibaaq Isse , Ali Aden Mohamed , Tubeec Abdirahman Muse , Dolezal Michael L. , Angula Dega A. , Bentley Jacob A. , Feeny Norah C. , Zoellner Lori A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClinical supervision is critical for the uptake of psychotherapy but difficult to facilitate in countries with limited providers, resources, and internet infrastructure. Innovative supervision approaches are needed to increase access to mental health treatments in low‐to‐middle income countries (LMICs). This study examined the content and feasibility of remote WhatsApp text supervision conducted as part of an open clinical trial in Somaliland. Islamic Trauma Healing ITH) is a brief, group, lay‐lead, trauma‐focused, mosque‐based intervention that has demonstrated initial efficacy in pilot studies in the United States and Somaliland. After a 2‐day, in‐person training, lay leaders led four groups of five to seven members focused on trauma‐related psychopathology and community reconciliation. Somali lay leaders trained in ITH (n = 9) and the research team (n = 6) attended weekly WhatsApp supervision during the intervention. Content was logged and subjected to qualitative analysis by two coders. Comments related to intervention implementation indicated that lay leaders understood the treatment rationale, adhered to treatment procedures, and believed the intervention components to be helpful and culturally relevant. Themes related to engagement suggested perfect attendance across groups and high levels of participation. Lay leader psychoeducation and skill development; supervisor praise, support, and encouragement; and supervisee gratitude emerged as additional themes. Remote text supervision conducted via WhatsApp was technologically feasible and may have facilitated skill development and the effective implementation of this lay‐led intervention. When tailored to the local context, remote supervision approaches hold promise for increasing access to services in LMICs with limited resources.
Cultivation of Encapsulated Primary Human B Lymphocytes: A First Step toward a Bioartificial Germinal Center
Authors: Helm Moritz , Huang Songyan B. , Gollner Katrin , Gollner Ulrich , Jérôme Valérie , Freitag Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolyelectrolyte microcapsules based on sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS) and poly‐diallyl‐dimethyl‐ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) have previously been proposed as a suitable ex vivo microenvironment for the cultivation and differentiation of primary human T lymphocytes. Here, the same system is investigated for the cultivation of human primary B cells derived from adult tonsillar tissue. Proliferation and differentiation into subtypes are followed and compared to suspension cultures of B cells from the same pool performed in parallel. Total cell expansion is somewhat lower in the capsules than in the suspension cultures. More importantly, however, the differentiation of the initially mainly memory B cells into various subtypes, in particular into plasma cell (PC), shows significant differences. Clearly, the microenvironment provided by the microcapsules is beneficial for an accelerated induction of a germinal center‐like B cell phenotype and afterward supports the long‐term survival of the PC cells. Then, varying the encapsulation conditions (i.e., presence of human serum and dedicated cytokines in the capsule core) provides a tool for finetuning the B cell response. Hence, this methodology is suggested to pave the way toward ex vivo development of human immune organoids.
Stacked profunda artery perforator flaps with intra‐flap anastomosis for moderate to large breast autologous reconstruction
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is a reliable alternative for autologous breast reconstruction; however, the amount of tissue provided is quite limited. For medium to large sized breast reconstruction two PAP flaps can be harvested and inset in “stacked” fashion. This procedure consists in placing the two flaps side by side, normally supplied by antegrade and retrograde anastomoses performed with the mammary vessels. In the present article, we report the employment of stacked PAP flaps with intra‐flap anastomosis in breast reconstruction setting.Patients and methodsFrom April 2018 to December 2021, seven patients received unilateral breast reconstruction with stacked PAP flaps. Patients' average age was 47.5 (range 39–58 years old). Mean body mass index was 19.4 kg/m2 (range 18.5–20.1 kg/m2). The two flaps were linked by means of intra‐flap anastomosis resorting to side branches of one of the two pedicles. In all cases the internal mammary vessels were dissected sparing the ribs and used as recipient vessels for antegrade end‐to‐end anastomosis.ResultsThe flaps size ranged from 15 cm × 6 cm to 20 cm × 7 cm with an average weight of 250 g (range 190–290 g). The mean pedicle length was 11.1 cm (range 10–12.5 cm) on the left side and 7.9 cm (range 7–9 cm) on the right side. All flaps survived completely after surgery. The donor sites were all primarily closed with no morbidities. The mean follow‐up was 8 months (range 6–12 months). All patients were satisfied with the result.ConclusionsStacked PAP flaps performed with intra‐flap anastomosis may represent a valid alternative solution for the reconstruction of moderate to large breast in case of unavailable abdominal tissue.
A novel high‐order collocation indirect boundary element method based on the Leis formulation for three‐dimensional high frequency exterior acoustic problems
Authors: Zhang Chao , Fu Zhuojia , Zhang Yaoming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐order finite element method (FEM) has recently achieved significant success in solving acoustic problems and has proved to be accurate, robust, and capable of reducing the pollution effect. Inspired by the high‐order FEM, this study presents a novel high‐order collocation indirect BEM for solving three‐dimensional high‐frequency exterior acoustic problems. Due to the difficulty of evaluating hypersingular integrals on curved surface elements with complex density functions, the high‐order BEM scheme for acoustic problems has long been a challenging task, especially for relatively large‐scale problems. In the developed scheme, the Leis formulation is used to overcome the well‐known nonuniqueness problem in the indirect BEM, and an auxiliary integral equation method is presented and employed to regularize the hypersingular integrals in this formulation. The derived regularized boundary integral formulation is mathematically simple and amenable to the elements of arbitrary shape and arbitrary variable interpolation order, and leads to a simple, efficient, and robust algorithm for the calculation of all integrals. Several benchmark examples are investigated to verify the performance of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the present method is very effective in stimulating the far‐field solution with large wavenumber.
The use of pharmacological chaperones in rare diseases caused by reduced protein stability
Authors: Gil‐Martínez Jon , Bernardo‐Seisdedos Ganeko , Mato José M , Millet Oscar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRare diseases are most often caused by inherited genetic disorders that, after translation, will result in a protein with altered function. Decreased protein stability is the most frequent mechanism associated with a congenital pathogenic missense mutation and it implies the destabilization of the folded conformation in favour of unfolded or misfolded states. In the cellular context and when experimental data is available, a mutant protein with altered thermodynamic stability often also results in impaired homeostasis, with the deleterious accumulation of protein aggregates, metabolites and/or metabolic by‐products. In the last decades, a significant effort has enabled the characterization of rare diseases associated to protein stability defects and triggered the development of innovative therapeutic intervention lines, say, the use of pharmacological chaperones to correct the intracellular impaired homeostasis. Here, we review the current knowledge on rare diseases caused by reduced protein stability, paying special attention to the thermodynamic aspects of the protein destabilization, also focusing on some examples where pharmacological chaperones are being tested.