bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy of chronic lung allograft dysfunction post lung transplantation
Authors: Evans Rickey A. , Walter Krysta S. , Lobo Leonard Jason , Coakley Raymond , Doligalski Christina T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the primary cause of death in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) despite improvements in immunosuppression management. Despite advances in knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of CLAD, treatments that are currently available are usuallyineffective and delay progression of disease at best.There are currently no evidence‐based guidelines and minimal publications regarding the optimal treatment ofCLAD.ObjectiveTo complete a comprehensive review of the literature for the prevention and medical management of CLAD.MethodsWe identified the major domains of the medical management of CLAD and conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase databases to identify articles published from inception to December 2021 related to CLAD in LTRs. Studies published in English pertaining to the pharmacologic prevention and treatment of CLAD were included; highest priority was given to prospective, randomized, controlled trials if available. Prospective observational and retrospective controlled trials were prioritized next, followed by retrospective uncontrolled studies, case series, and finally case reports if the information was deemed to be pertinent. Reference lists of qualified publications were also reviewed to find any other publications of interest that were not found on initial search.In the absence of literature published in the aforementioned databases, additional articles were identified by reviewing abstracts presented at the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation and American Transplant Congress annual meetings between 2010–2021.ConclusionCLAD should be identified as early as possible along with prompt intervention to optimize the possibility of stabilizing or improving lung function. More robust clinical data is needed to validate the use of all currently available and investigational treatment options for CLAD to identify the optimal pharmacotherapy management for this patient population.
Population genomics reveal multiple introductions and admixture of Sonchus oleraceus in Australia
Authors: Encinas‐Viso Francisco , Morin Louise , Raghu S. , Knerr Nunzio , Roux Camille , Broadhurst Linda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to investigate the invasion history of the weed Sonchus oleraceus in Australia by comparing the population genetic structure of individuals at different locations in Australia, and in the most likely areas of origin in the native range.LocationSamples were collected in Europe and Morocco, North Africa (27 locations), and Australia (17 locations).MethodsWe performed population genetic analyses using a large dataset comprising 2883 single nucleotide polymorphism markers from 547 plant samples and investigated the invasion history of S. oleraceus with Approximate Bayesian Computation and Random Forest classification algorithms. We compared single and multiple invasion scenarios considering admixture having occurred before and after introduction.ResultsOur results revealed high levels of inbreeding within sampling locations in the two ranges. Analyses also showed that S. oleraceus was possibly introduced to Australia at least twice: a first introduction around 1000 years ago before British settlement and a more recent introduction (~65 years ago) from Europe and North Africa. We also found evidence of post‐introduction admixture and a potential reintroduction of S. oleraceus from Australia back to its native range.Main conclusionsWe conclude that the invasion history of S. oleraceus into Australia is probably historic (i.e. prior to British settlements) and complex showing recent evidence of post‐introduction admixture. The complex invasion history of S. oleraceus in Australia poses challenges for the search of potential biological control agents.
Emerging signs of autism spectrum disorder in infancy: Putative neural substrate
Authors: Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by altered development of the social brain with prominent atypical features in the fronto‐temporo‐parietal cortex and cerebellum. Early signs of ASD emerge between 6 and 12 months: reduced social communication, slightly less advanced motor development, and repetitive behaviour. The fronto‐temporo‐parietal cortex and cerebellum play a prominent role in the development of social communication, whereas fronto‐parietal‐cerebellar networks are involved in the planning of movements, that is, movement selection. Atypical sensory responsivity, a core feature of ASD, may result in impaired development of social communication and motor skills and/or selection of atypical repetitive behaviour. In the first postnatal year, the brain areas involved are characterized by gradual dissolution of temporary structures: the fronto‐temporo‐parietal cortical subplate and cerebellar external granular layer. It is hypothesized that altered dissolution of the transient structures opens the window for the expression of early signs of ASD arising in the impaired developing permanent networks.What this paper adds

The early social and motor signs of autism spectrum disorder emerge between the ages of 6 and 12 months.
Altered dissolution of transient brain structures in the fronto‐temporo‐parietal cortex and cerebellum may underlie the emergence of these early signs.
Influence of internal seiche dynamics on vertical movement of fish
Authors: Jarić Ivan , Říha Milan , Souza Allan T. , Rabaneda‐Bueno Rubén , Děd Vilem , Gjelland Karl Ø. , Baktoft Henrik , Čech Martin , Blabolil Petr , Holubová Michaela , Jůza Tomáš , Muška Milan , Sajdlová Zuzana , Šmejkal Marek , Vejřík Lukáš , Vejříková Ivana , Peterka Jiří 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Internal seiches are common in stratified lakes, with significant effects on stratification patterns, hydrodynamics and vertical nutrient transport. In particular, seiches can change the vertical distribution of the thermocline and the cold hypolimnetic and warm epilimnetic water masses by several metres on a timescale of a few hours, leading to rapid and strong changes in temperature profiles and oxygen availability, with profound effects on mobile and sessile organisms. This could affect fish communities directly, through physiological stress and elevated mortality, and indirectly, through prey distribution.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of internal seiche dynamics on lacustrine fish behaviour, and to characterise fish reaction patterns, with the main focus on vertical movement of fish in the vicinity of a shifting thermocline, and avoidance of cold hypolimnetic water.

The analysis was based on acoustic telemetry data from Lake Milada, a post‐mining lake in the Czech Republic, with a total of 61 tracked individuals of four species: northern pike (Esox lucius), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), tench (Tinca tinca) and rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus).

The effects of seiche dynamics on the four species studied were weak but significant during the day, while at night they affected only rudd. Upward seiches elicited stronger responses in fish than downward seiches, and the impacts occurred only during the strongest seiche events.

Thermocline shifting during seiche events may induce a transient reduction in habitat for seiche‐reacting species, and thus affect predation and other inter‐ and intra‐specific interactions, as well as fish community dynamics.
Rules versus discretion in Central Bank communication
Authors: Galvão Raphael , Shalders Felipe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a theoretical framework to study Central Bank communication and to assess the benefits of commitment to a disclosure rule. Our model features a coordination environment, where agents have dispersed private information and their interests are not aligned with those of the Central Bank. Public information can lead to undesirable coordination among agents. We show that anything goes when the Central Bank cannot commit; both its most and least preferred outcomes can be supported in equilibrium, and so can anything in between. We find that commitment does not necessarily implement the Central Bank's most preferred outcome. However, the Central Bank can avoid the least desirable outcomes by choosing an information structure with only two messages that act as action recommendations for agents. Furthermore, our results suggest a higher correlation between fundamentals and outcomes under commitment.
A case of azathioprine‐induced aplastic anemia
Authors: Montgomery Hunter D. , Agarwal Archana M. , Lim Ming Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAzathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant that is widely used to treat many disease states including rheumatoid arthritis. We present a patient who was treated with AZA for rheumatoid arthritis and subsequently hospitalized for severe myelosuppression due to acquired aplastic anemia. Upon genetic testing it was found that the patient was thiopurine methyltransferase (TMPT) deficient, a well‐documented risk factor for myelosuppression in patients taking azathioprine. We advocate for TPMT and nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) testing prior to initiation of AZA treatment, or close monitoring with a complete blood count post‐AZA initiation to avoid these serious side effects.
Evaluation of post‐tracheostomy scars and their impact on persons' quality of life: A case‐control study
Authors: Shahparonyan Rafik G. , Poghosyan Anna Yu , Minasyan Armen M. , Bablumyan Aren Yu , Malkhasyan Irina E. , Gnuni Anatoly S. , Matosyan Khachatur H. , Sargsyan Ani M. , Tadevosyan Artashes E. , Muradyan Armen A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTracheostomy is one of the more commonly performed procedures in critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation. Postoperative scarring is one of the bothersome sequelae of tracheostomies. Scars distort physical appearance, especially when found on the head and neck, which could have a negative impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the impact of post‐tracheostomy scars on quality of life according to the tracheostomy method. A prospective, single‐center, observational, case‐control study was conducted. One hundred fifty‐six persons with a post‐tracheostomy surgical scar for more than four months were observed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. Persons were divided into two groups depending on the method of tracheostomy, and the duration of the cannulated period was considered in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and P values of <0.05 were considered significant. The patients who had a tracheostomic tube cannulation period of fewer than 15 days had better cosmetic results than those who had tracheostomic tubes for more than 15 days, regardless of the tracheostomy method: 6.64 ± 0.082 versus 16.15 ± 0.096 (P < 0.001) in the surgical tracheostomy group and 7.26 ± 0.211 versus 14.17 ± 0.379 (P < 0.05) in the percutaneous dilatational group. The Dermatology Life Quality Index scores had a mean value of 0.6 ± 0.01, which means that post‐tracheostomy scarring in the present study had no effect on the person's quality of life. The aesthetic outcomes of post‐tracheostomy scars after the open surgical tracheostomy technique did not significantly differ from those of the percutaneous dilatational technique in the present study. Persons with a long duration of tracheostomic tube ventilation showed worse aesthetic outcomes than those with short‐term tracheostomic cannulation, which was not dependent on the tracheostomy technique. The Dermatology Life Quality Index showed that post‐ttracheostomy scarring in the present study had no effect on the person's quality of life.
Syndication of European Buyouts and its Effects on Target‐Firm Performance
Authors: Huyghebaert Nancy , Priem Randy 
Published: July 2022

Using a unique dataset of 859 leveraged buyouts in Europe during the period 1999–2009, the authors' recent study reports that buyout financiers syndicate their transactions to other buyers to achieve benefits that include diversification of different types of target risk, the combination of complementary investor information and skillsets, and an increase in future deal flow. The authors also report that lead financiers structure their syndicates in ways designed to minimize syndication costs, in particular potential information and incentive problems with co‐investors in the syndicate, while also aiming to maximize the syndication benefits mentioned above. For example, through effective management of conflicts of interest with co‐investors within their syndicates, lead financiers are likely to acquire a reputation for looking out for the interests of their co‐investors that ends up increasing their own deal flow.As additional evidence in support of this claim, the authors also report finding that the post‐buyout profitability and growth of the target companies are higher when buyouts are syndicated (even after adjusting for the “endogeneity” of such decisions) and when the syndicates are structured to limit inter‐investor conflicts of interest within the syndicate. And as the authors point out, this finding, when viewed with the other main findings cited above, provides a more positive view of European buyout syndicates than the one projected by studies of Anglo‐American syndicates to date, whose findings have emphasized the potential for collusion among the buyout financiers.
Nurses' harm prevention practices during admission of an older person to the hospital: A multi‐method qualitative study
Authors: Redley Bernice , Douglas Tracy , Hoon Leonard , de Courten Barbora , Hutchinson Alison M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses' harm prevention practices during the admission of older persons to hospital have important consequences for patient safety, preventable patient harm and length of hospital stay. Novel solutions are needed to assist nurses to balance complexity, high workload burden and patient safety during admission processes.AimExplore the nurses' experiences of harm prevention practices during the admission of an older person to the hospital.DesignA multi‐method qualitative study informed by frameworks of behaviour change and human‐centred co‐design.MethodsThe purposive sample included 44 nurses, 5 clinicians from other disciplines and 3 consumers recruited from five general medicine wards across three hospitals of a large public health service in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Data were collected over 12 h of naturalistic observations of nurses during eight patient admissions, and during four participatory human‐centred co‐design workshops between August 2019 and January 2020. Observation, field notes and workshop artefact data were integrated for qualitative content and thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed a 5‐step journey map, with a temporal logic, that captured nurses' experiences, as well as the enablers and barriers to harm prevention practices when admitting an older person to the hospital. The consensus was reached on three priority features to assist nurses to implement harm prevention practices when they admit an older person to the hospital: (1) prioritize important care; (2) tailor care to the individual and (3) see the big picture for the patient.ConclusionThe novel research approach identified five steps in nurses' activities and harm prevention practices during admission of an older person to the hospital, and key features for a solution to assist nurses to keep patients safe. The findings provide the foundation for further research to develop interventions to assist nurses to manage high workloads during this complex activity.
Coordination and Control in European Council Centred Governance. The Netherlands and the Covid Recovery Fund
Authors: Smeets Sandrino , Bekius Femke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a reconstruction and game‐theoretical characterization of the coming about of the €750 billion Covid Recovery Fund (RRF). It does this from the perspective of one prominent member state, the Netherlands, who was arguably the most prominent opponent to the idea. The case of the Netherlands is revealing for the ability of individual Member States to oversee and control EU decision‐making in this new system of European Council centred governance. We provide an embedded process tracing analysis of the decision‐making from the first Summit on the Multiannual Financial Framework of 20/21 February, up until the ‘historic’ deal on the MFF and RRF of 21 July. Where most media accounts and scholarly evaluations focus on the proceedings at the highest political level and particularly the role of German Chancellor Merkel, we highlight the early, technical‐level developments and proceedings, that laid out the tracks for the final deal.
3D shape reconstruction of normal and cancerous red blood cells using digital holographic tomography: Combination of angular spectrum method and multiplicative technique
Authors: Ibrahim Dahi Ghareab Abdelsalam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the red blood cell shape affects the oxygen transport, so a robust method to reconstruct the 3D shape of an RBC from different projections is presented. A robust one‐piece polarizing holographic microscope setup is used to record inline holograms of normal and cancerous red blood cells (RBCs) with high stability. The inline holograms are corrected by flat fielding and windowed Fourier filtering methods to mitigate the zero‐order and the defocused twin image due to the inline recording configuration to the least measure. The corrected inline holograms are then reconstructed by the angular spectrum method to extract the 2D wrapping phase‐contrast images. The 2D wrapping phase‐contrast images are then unwrapped using the graph cuts algorithm to extract the continuous 2D phase‐contrast images. The continuous 2D phase‐contrast images are reconstructed at different projections by the multiplicative technique to extract the 3D shape of the normal and the cancerous RBCs. Experimental results show that any deformation in the shape of the normal and the cancerous RBCs can be seen clearly at any rotational angle in 3D. This method, which is based on the degree of deformation from the best fitting, can be used as an alternative method of counting method for discrimination between normal and cancerous cells and hence diagnoses the disease easily.
Osteohistological and taphonomic life‐history assessment of Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ruth Mason dinosaur quarry, South Dakota, United States, with implication for ontogenetic segregation between juvenile and adult hadrosaurids
Authors: Wosik Mateusz , Evans David C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ruth Mason Dinosaur Quarry (RMDQ) represents a monodominant Edmontosaurus annectens bonebed from the Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota and has been determined as a catastrophic death assemblage likely belonging to a single population, providing an ideal sample to investigate hadrosaurid growth and population dynamics. For this study, size‐frequency distributions were constructed from linear measurements of long bones (humeri, femora, tibiae) from RMDQ that revealed five relatively distinct size classes along a generally right‐skewed distribution, which is consistent with a catastrophic assemblage. To test the relationship between morphological size ranges and ontogenetic age classes, subsets from each size‐frequency peak were transversely thin‐sectioned at mid‐diaphysis to conduct an ontogenetic age assessment based on growth marks and observations of the bone microstructure. When combining these independent datasets, growth marks aligned with size‐frequency peaks, with the exclusion of the overlapping subadult‐adult size range, indicating a strong size‐age relationship in early ontogeny. A growth curve analysis of tibiae indicated that E. annectens exhibited a similar growth trajectory to the Campanian hadrosaurid Maiasaura, although attaining a much larger asymptotic body size by about 9 years of age, further suggesting that the clade as a whole may have inherited a similar growth strategy. This rich new dataset for E. annectens provides new perspectives on other hypotheses of hadrosaurid life history. When the RMDQ population was compared with size distributions from other hadrosaurid bonebed assemblages, juveniles (categorized as ages one and two) were either completely absent from or heavily underrepresented in the samples, providing support for the hypothesized segregation between juvenile and adult hadrosaurids. Osteohistological comparison with material from polar and temperate populations of Edmontosaurus revealed that previous conclusions correlating osteohistological growth patterns with the strength of environmental stressors were a result of sampling non‐overlapping ontogenetic growth stages.
The role of specialist nurses in detecting spasticity and related symptoms in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Artola Montse , Hernando Ana , Vidal Oscar , Vidal Núria , Cuenca Ester , Horno Rosalía , Robles Miguel Ángel , Oriol Clara , Peralta Silvia , Solana M. A. José , Rubio Matilde , Montero Cristina , Lleixà Mercè , Zabay Cinta , Martin Montse , Leon Isabel , Molinos Consuelo , Matamoros Mandi , Mercadé Laura , Fornali Olga , Montero Laura , Saiz Albert , Solà‐Valls Núria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpasticity is a frequent symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), which may negatively influence daily living activities (ADL).ObjectivesTo (1) explore the feasibility to conduct a structured interview by specialist nurses about limitations in ADL; (2) determine the percentage of people with MS (PwMS) with limitations in ADL related to spasticity; (3) to assess the knowledge about spasticity and describe its clinical features.DesignObservational, cross‐sectional, multicentre study in 16 MS units of Catalonia (Spain). Participants were recruited from the outpatient facility and day‐care hospital between July 2018 and June 2019 and met the following criteria: (1) age 18 or older, (2) diagnosis of MS according to McDonald criteria 2010 and (3) no clinical relapse in previous 30 days.MethodsSpecialist nurses conducted a structured interview divided in two parts: the assessment of (1) limitations in the ADL and (2) the presence of spasticity and associated symptoms. The usefulness of this intervention was requested. This study met the STROBE reporting guidelines checklist for observational studies.ResultsThree hundred sixty eight pwMS (244 women) with a mean age of 46 years and a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 2.5 (range, 0–8.5) were included. 262 (71%) pwMS had limitations in the ADL, and spasticity was reported as the most limiting symptom in 59 (23%). As a result of the interview, spasticity was observed in 199 (76%) participants; 47 (24%) of them were unaware that they had spasticity and 102 (51%) would not have reported it spontaneously. The level of the interview satisfaction was high (90%).ConclusionsSpasticity is a complex and limiting symptom in MS. The structured interview conducted by specialist nurses is feasible and has good acceptance.Patient contributionSpecialist nurses can be proactive in MS clinical assessment, which may help to detect symptoms with negative impact on quality of life.