bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intravenous or perineural dexamethasone decrease rebound pain after ropivacaine single popliteal sciatic nerve combined with femoral nerve block for ankle fracture: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gao Mingyang , Li Yanan , Tai Yanlei , Yu Jiaxu , Li Wei , Zhao Haitao , Qin Shiji , Zhang Yahui , Zhu Lian , Hou Zhiyong , Wang Qiujun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Single nerve block provides excellent analgesia, but rebound pain after the nerve block disappears has gradually attracted people’s attention. Perineural dexamethasone has been shown to extend the duration of a single nerve block and reduce rebound pain. However, no studies have compared the effect of reducing rebound pain between the two. The hypothesis was tested that perineural or intravenous would have an equivalent effect on prevent the rebound pain after nerve block. Methods We recruited 135 patients with ankle fractures scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), each of whom received a single sciatic-popliteal nerve block in combination with a single nerve block. Patients were randomized into three group: 40ml ropivacaine 0.375% (C); 40ml ropivacaine 0.375% with perineural dexamethasone 10mg(PN); 40ml ropivacaine 0.375% with intravenous dexamethasone (IV). The primary outcome was the incidence of rebound pain. Results The incidence of rebound pain was significantly lower in group PN (11%)and group IV(17.8%), compared with group C(42.2%). Both Groups PN and IV had reduced pain score, reduced postoperative consumption of analgesics and improved the quality of sleep on the night of surgery compared with Group C.Conclusions Dexamethasone 10mg can prevent the rebound pain after combined femoral nerve and sciatic nerve blocks nerve block, which has nothing to do with the way of dexamethasone. Trial registration number www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ChiCTR2100049075
Multiscale modelling of particulate fluids thermophysical properties and validation with experimental data
Authors: Alzeley Omar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent discoveries reveal many details about mechanisms of heat transfer in nanoparti-cle–fluid suspensions or nanofluids. Some of the existing mathematical models even allow molecular simulations to be carried out with various phenomena taken into account to fit theoretical data with experimental better. However, so-called one phase or homog-enized models describing the macroscopic behavior of nanofluids as homogeneous fluids with effective parameters sometimes demonstrate a substantial gap with experimental data. Reducing or possibly even removing that gap is one of the directions in which the current theory of nanofluids must be developed. This paper attempts to reduce the gap by proposing a multiscale description of nanofluids. More specifically, we provide separate sets of partial differential equations (PDEs) for carrying out microscale (molecular level, expressed in nm), mesoscale (particle level, expressed in µm) and macroscale (ho-mogenized level, expressed in mm) simulations of heat transfer in nanofluids. Variational convergence between these sets of PDEs at different scales is established by means of the theory of distributions and weak convergence of distributions. The mesoscale model, corresponding to a fluid medium with point inhomogeneities at the locations of particles, allows a quadratic dependence of the thermal conductivity with respect to the particles’ 1 volume fraction to be derived. As the numerical evaluation and comparison with available experimental data shows, the proposed model is in much greater agreement with experiment than the existing fundamental linear models.
Stability of self-reported psychopathic traits in high-risk adolescents in youth welfare and juvenile justice institutions
Authors: Hachtel Henning , Jenkel Nils , Schmeck Klaus , Graf Marc , Fegert Jörg Michael , Schmid Marc , Boonmann Cyril 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-reported stability of psychopathic traits in adolescents in residential care (both child welfare and juvenile justice placed juveniles) and potential influencing factors. Method: We applied the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) in a sample of 162 adolescents (M=15.0 years, SD=1.3) over a mean time interval of 11 months (min. 6, max. 21 months, SD=3.14). Results: There was no significant difference in YPI total score nor in the three underlying dimensions Grandiose-Manipulative (GM), Callous-Unemotional (CU), and Impulsive-Irresponsible (II) between t1 and t2. Furthermore, 70% of the adolescents showed no clinically significant reliable change on the YPI total score (as measured with the reliable change index), 15% improved, 15% deteriorated. The strongest predictor for psychopathic traits at t2 were psychopathic traits at t1. Additional predictors for higher levels of general psychopathic traits was male gender, for CU-traits male gender and lower levels of internalizing mental health problems, and for II-traits higher levels of externalizing mental health problems. Generally, the three reliable change groups (increase, no change, decrease) did not seemed to differ on relevant factors. Conclusions: Our results add to the findings that psychopathic traits are relatively stable in this high-risk group over approximately a one-year time interval. Research with a longer follow-up time and more time points is warranted to better interpret these results.
A mixed methods study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on maternal, newborn, child Health and nutrition in fragile and conflict-affected settings
Authors: Singh Neha S. , Rodo Mariana , Singh Lucy , Russell Neal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The impacts of COVID-19 are unprecedented globally. The pandemic is reversing decades of progress in maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition (MNCHN), including fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS) whose populations were already facing challenges in accessing basic health and nutrition services. This study aimed to investigate the collateral impact of COVID-19 on funding, services and MNCHN outcomes in FCAS, as well as adaptations used in the field to continue activities.Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between1st March 2020 - 31st January 2021 was conducted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. 39 remote semi-structured key informant interviews with humanitarian actors and donor staff within 12 FCAS were conducted between October 2020 and February 2021. Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by two researchers on interview transcripts and supporting documents provided by key informants, and triangulated with literature review findings.Results: Funding for MNCHN has been reduced or suspended with increase in cost of continuing the same activities, and diversion of MNCHN funding to COVID-19 activities. Disruption in supply and demand of interventions was reported across different settings which, despite data evidence still being missing, points towards likely increased maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Some positive adaptations including use of technology and decentralisation of services have been reported, however overall adaptation strategies have been insufficient to equitably meet additional challenges posed by the pandemic, and have not been evaluated for their effectiveness.Conclusions: COVID-19 is further exacerbating negative women’s and children’s health outcomes in FCAS. Increased funding is urgently required to re-establish MNCHN activities which have been deprioritised or halted. Improved planning to sustain routine health services and enable surge planning for emergencies with focus on the community/service users throughout adaptations is vital for improved MNCHN outcomes in FCAS.
A 3D printing tool-path generation strategy based on the partition of principal stress field for FFF Platform
Authors: Zhang Hang , Yao Yuan , Ma Yingxin , Lackner Maximilian , Jiang Yunliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to enhance the strength of 3D printed parts made of polymer materials and reduce the anisotropy caused by the fused filament fabrication process, this paper proposes an inter-layer interleaved composite path planning method based on the directional partition of the principal stress field. This method not only ensures intra-layer reinforcement under specific working conditions but also increases the strength of the printed part by enhancing the adhesion of adjacent layers through staggered filling between layers. The mechanical performance is improved by 17% compared to other conventional filling patterns such as the zigzag filling algorithm. IICP is suitable for path planning of structures with complex shapes and is easily integrated into existing general computer-aided engineering processes.
Migraine Aura mimicking Stroke in Code Stroke. Analysis of diagnostic prediction models.
Authors: Macias-Gómez Adrià , Suárez-Pérez Antoni , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Moreira Antía , Guisado-Alonso Daniel , Capellades Jaume , Fernández-Pérez Isabel , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Rey Lucía , Jiménez-Baladó Joan , Roquer Jaume , Ois Ángel , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Differences between migraine with aura (MA) mimicking stroke and ischemic strokes were analyzed to create a predictive diagnostic model.Methods: Prospective cohort of code strokes attended between January 2005 and June 2020 in a tertiary hospital evaluated by a vascular neurologist. Data recorded included: Place of activation, demographics, vascular risk factors, vitals, initial blood test (glucose, blood count, electrolytes, coagulation times, D-dimer, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein), initial NIHSS, door-to-onset time, and door-to-needle time. After the vascular study, diagnosis of ischemic stroke or MA was registered. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to create a predictive model. Discrimination and calibration performance were assessed. A secondary aim was to describe detailed clinical and radiological data of MA cases in order to identify new predictive factors that could be used in future studies.Results: Of 3140 code strokes attended, 2424 (77.2%) were ischemic strokes and 34 (1.1%) were MA. Migraine cases were younger, more frequently females and with low prevalence of vascular risk factors. Initial NIHSS was lower in MA cases, but no differences were seen in fibrinolysis rate (30%). Blood test showed lower levels of glucose, D-dimer, and fibrinogen in MA cases. Multivariate model showed and independent association for ischemic stroke with age [OR, (95%CI):1.09, (1.07-1.12, p<0.001], male sex [OR, (95%CI):4.47, (3.80-5.13), p<0.001], initial NIHSS [OR, (95%CI):1.21, (1.07-1.34), p<0.01], and fibrinogen levels [OR, (95%CI):1.01, (1.00-1.01), p<0.05]. A model including sex and cut-off points (age>65, NIHSS>6, and fibrinogen>400mg/dL) showed a good global discrimination capacity (AUC = 0.897) but a good calibration only for extreme predicted probabilities (>98% in ischemic strokes or < 10% in MA). We did not find any differential clinical or radiological factor that could be exclusive of MA.Conclusions: A predictive model including age >65, men sex, NIHSS >6 and fibrinogen >400 mg/dL showed a good discrimination, but low calibration performance to distinguish between MA and ischemic stroke. Future studies should involve migraine biomarkers in order to improve clinical decision making.
Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict drug-drug interactions of dronedarone as a perpetrator with oral anti-coagulants
Authors: Wen Haini , He Qing-feng , Jiao Zheng , Xiang Xiao-qiang , Yu Jian-guang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundConcurrent use of dronedarone and oral anti-coagulants are common since both classes of medications are essential to atrial fibrillation management. Dronedarone is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To date, no drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies between dronedarone and apixaban or rivaroxaban were reported. The current study aims to study the impact of dronedarone co-administration on exposure of apixaban or rivaroxaban with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.MethodModeling and simulation were conducted with Simcyp Simulator. The input parameters required for dronedarone modeling were obtained from literature. The developed dronedarone PBPK model was extensively validated with reported DDIs between dronedarone and CYP3A4 and P-gp substrates. After model validation, the model was applied to evaluate DDI potential of dronedarone on exposure of apixaban or rivaroxaban in both healthy population and patients with renal impairment.ResultThe developed PBPK models accurately describe dronedarone pharmacokinetics following single-dose oral administration in healthy volunteers. The model also predicts DDIs between dronedarone and CYP3A4 and P-gp substrates well, with all fold errors less than 1.5. The AUC of apixaban was increased by 1.36-fold in healthy population due to dronedarone co-administration. In addition, for patients with moderate renal impairment, the AUC of apixaban and rivaroxaban would increase by 1.38-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively.ConclusionsThe established PBPK model of dronedarone was well validated with previously reported DDI studies. Reduced dosing regimens were recommended for patients administered apixaban and dronedarone together. For patients with renal impairment, both dosages of apixaban and rivaroxaban should be adjusted to avoid overexposure when dronedarone is co-administered.
Adaptation of T-STEM CT Scale to Turkish: Teacher self‑efficacy and outcome expectancy for teaching computational thinking
Authors: Saritepeci Mustafa , Durak Aykut 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Computational thinking (CT) skills are accepted as fundamental literacy. Although the idea that K-12 teachers should teach students CT skills in an interdisciplinary context is heavily expressed, there is a need for a measurement tool in Turkish that measures teachers' self-efficacy in this regard. This study, Boulden et al. (2021), it is aimed to adapt the T-STEM CT scale developed by Turkish and to carry out validity and reliability studies of the scale. The original scale consists of a 5-point Likert scale and 20 items. The participants of this study consisted of 168 teachers from different branches working in K-12. It was carried out by selecting for application purposes and a convenient sampling method. Various validity and reliability methods were used to validate the scale. As a result of the research, the validity and reliability of a Turkish tool measuring teaching efficacy beliefs for computational thinking skills were confirmed.
Hydrological evaluation of satellite and reanalysis-based rainfall estimates over the Upper Tekeze Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Reda Kidane Welde , Liu Xingcai , Haile Gebremedhin Gebremeskel , Sun Siao , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spatial rainfall data is an essential input to parametrically distributed hydrological models and is a main contributor to hydrological model uncertainty. Two important issues should be addressed before the use of satellite and reanalysis rainfall product at the basin level: (1) How useful are these rainfall estimates as forcing data for regional hydrological modelling? and (2) Which product should be selected at high-flow and low-flow conditions? This paper presents the hydrological performance of satellite and reanalysis rainfall products (CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI) at three hydrological stations in the Upper Tekeze River Basin (UTB), northern Ethiopia. Results showed that the daily rainfall data from both CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI are close to the rain gauge data, with relative errors 2.12 and 3.85%, respectively. The monthly streamflow simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model driven by CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI had a Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 0.6–0.79 and 0.58–0.64, respectively. The hydrological performance during high-flow seasons is superior to low-flow seasons for both CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI. In particular, CHIRPSv8 showed a relatively better hydrological performance than EWEMBI. This study provides insights on the usefulness of gridded rainfall products for hydrological modelling and conditions under which they can be used over the UTB and other similar basins.
Numerical simulation and application of soft computing in estimating vertical drop energy dissipation with horizontal serrated edge
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mohammad , Mousavi Farhad , Manafpour Mohammad , Mirzaee Reza , Hoseini Khosrow 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, FLOW-3D software was used to simulate energy dissipation by a serrated-edge drop, downstream of this structure. For this purpose, 2, 3, and 4 serrations with 2 series of relative dimensions at the edge of the vertical drop, with a relative critical depth range of 0.2–0.35 were used for simulation. Then, using artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and gene expression program (GEP) methods, the accuracy of numerical models was evaluated. Results showed that increasing dimensions of the edges increased energy dissipation, and the highest and lowest energy dissipation was related to the models with 3 and 4 serrations, respectively, Compared to the edgeless state, the 4-edge model, with relative dimension of 0.1, increased energy dissipation by an average of 20%, and the 3-edge model, with relative dimension of 0.15, by an average of 69%. Results of energy dissipation prediction using ANN, SVM, and GEP methods showed that although all three models have good accuracy for estimating energy dissipation, the accuracy of ANN method with RMSE of 0.0081 and R2 of 0.9938 in the training phase and RMSE of 0.0125 and R2 of 0.9805 in the testing phase, is higher than the other two methods.
Carbon-based Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and
Fullerenes for the Control of Burn Infections and Wound Healing
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Akhlaquer , Abul Barkat Harshita , Harwansh Ranjit K. , Deshmukh Rohitas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Burn injuries are extremely debilitating, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates
around the world. The risk of infection escalates in correlation with impairment of skin integrity,
creating a barrier to healing and possibly leading to sepsis. With its numerous advantages over traditional
treatment methods, nanomaterial-based wound healing has an immense capability of treating
and preventing wound infections. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), owing to their distinctive
physicochemical and biological properties, have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical
applications. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and their nanocomposites have demonstrated
broad antimicrobial activity against invasive bacteria, fungi, and viruses causing burn wound infection.
The specific mechanisms that govern the antimicrobial activity of CNMs must be understood in
order to ensure the safe and effective incorporation of these structures into biomaterials. However, it
is challenging to decouple individual and synergistic contributions of the physical, chemical, and
electrical effects of CNMs on cells. This review reported significant advances in the application of
CNMs in burn wound infection and wound healing, with a brief discussion on the interaction between
different families of CNMs and microorganisms to assess antimicrobial performance.
The Role of IL-6 Released During Exercise to Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: de Menezes Lima Vera Lúcia , de Melo Madureira Álvaro Nóbrega , de Oliveira João Ricardhis Saturnino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) influences both inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory processes. This cytokine can be released by exercising skeletal muscle, which characterizes it as a myokine. Unlike what is observed in inflammation, IL-6 produced by skeletal muscle is not preceded by the release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, but it seems to be dependent on the lactate produced during exercise, thus causing different effects from those seen in inflammatory state. After binding to its receptor, myokine IL-6 activates the PI3K-Akt pathway. One consequence of this upregulation is the potentiation of insulin signaling, which enhances insulin sensitivity. IL-6 increases GLUT-4 vesicle mobilization to the muscle cell periphery, increasing the glucose transport into the cell, and also glycogen synthesis. Muscle glycogen provides energy for ATP resynthesis, and regulates Ca2+ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, influencing muscle contraction, and, hence, muscle function by multiple pathways. Another implication for the upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway is the activation of mTORC1, which regulates mRNA translational efficiency by regulating translation machinery, and translational capacity by inducing ribosomal biogenesis. Thus, IL-6 may contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and function by increasing contractile protein synthesis.
Uncovering the Potential of Lipid Drugs: A Focus on Transient Membrane Microdomain-targeted Lipid Therapeutics
Authors: Kawano Daniel Fábio , Schneider Alves Anna Carolina , Cardoso Raquel Soares , de Oliveira Neto Xisto Antonio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Membrane lipids are generally viewed as inert physical barriers, but many vital cellular processes greatly rely on the interaction with these structures, as expressed by the membrane hypothesis that explain the genesis of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue or cancer. The concept that the cell membrane displays transient membrane microdomains with distinct lipid composition providing the basis for the development of selective lipid-targeted therapies, the membrane-lipid therapies (MLTs). In this concern, medicinal chemists may design therapeutically valuable compounds 1) with a higher affinity for the lipids in these microdomains to restore the normal physiological conditions, 2) that can directly or 3) indirectly (via enzyme inhibition/activation) replace damaged lipids or restore the regular lipid levels in the whole membrane or microdomain, 4) that alter the expression of genes related to lipid genesis/metabolism or 5) that modulate the pathways related to the membrane binding affinity of lipid-anchored proteins. In this context, this mini-review aims to explore the structural diversity and clinical applications of some of the main membrane and microdomain-targeted lipid drugs.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Coumarins Catalyzed by Chiral Squaramide
Authors: Liu Zhijing , Ma Zhiwei , Wang Chuanchuan , Ding Degang , Liu Juntao , Chen Xiaopei , Geng Guangwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
A newly chiral tertiary amine-squaramide has successfully developed and applied into the
asymmetric Michael addition of 4-hydroxycoumarin to β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters. The catalyst system
performed well with a low catalyst loading of 1 mol% under mild reaction conditions. A series of
coumarin derivatives were obtained with good yields and enantioselectivities.