bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroponic Box Design with an IoT Monitoring System
Authors: Caesarendra W , Ramadhan Y R , Harmailis  , Pranoto K A , Wijaya G D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydroponics is a choice for people who wish to plant various types of plants that can be consumed daily by the growers. In addition, hydroponics is one method of growing crops on a small area of land so that it is highly suitable for cultivation in urban areas. However, this system has several shortcomings, particularly how hydroponics requires a controlled environment, especially in monitoring temperature and humidity. Temperature and humidity need to be monitored and controlled to avoid reducing the quality of the plants and prevent them from withering. Therefore, aBlynk-based nutrition monitoring system (IoT) is needed to save time. This IoT system is built using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller which is supported by internet access.
Identification, Characterization, and Conservation of Sweet Potato Germplasm (Ipomoea batatas L.) in West Sumatera Production Center
Authors: Sembiring Ngakumalem , Hardaningsih Wiwik , Anidarfi  , Illahi Ayu Kurnia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important food crop in West Sumatra and potentially develops in suitable land conditions to produce various snack food industries. As one of the sweet potato production centers in Indonesia, West Sumatra has a very high diversity of germplasm. Unfortunately, the information on this diversity is not yet available. In fact, this information is pivotal to develop and produce new high-yielding sweet potato varieties. This study characterized 109 sweet potato accessions from four sweet potato production centers in West Sumatra. To find out more about the differences in each sweet potato accession, molecular identification and characterization were carried out. The second year of the research was a follow-up study to obtain (1) molecular information about the genetic diversity of sweet potatoes in the West Sumatra production centers by using the RAPD technique, (2) the collections of local varieties of sweet potato with potentially superior varieties and genetic sources of several traits or important characters, and (3) a database of kinship/genetic similarity of sweet potato varieties. The results have shown that 79 of 80 morphological characterization varieties have genetic differences. The dendrogram denotes that the accessions vary with a coefficient between 0.15 - 0.20 and are classified into 7 groups with a range of 2-38 accessions.
Into the Database of Bencoolen Odonata: Synthesis of Two Years Dragonfly Survey in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Janra Muhammad N. , Gusman David , Singkam Abdul R. , Susanto Agus , Yatap Haryanto , Fahrudin Ading , Andriyansyah Faizal , Prameswara Atet , Melian Mexi , Herwina Henny 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bengkulu, as part of Sumatra, receives less attention for its odonatological aspect during the current advance of life science. Historical records on Odonata were contributed by many foreign researchers from Dutch colonial era, including accounts provided by Lieftinck and Ris. In order to compile Odonata database for Bengkulu, there have been conducted dragonfly surveys from two years ago at some representative sites in this province. Conservation area of Seluma in the southern Bengkulu was visited in 2019 for two weeks survey, while conservation area of Lemo Nakai was surveyed in 2020 for the same work duration. Random survey and continuous citizen science have been performed at Bengkulu City to further the database from human impacted area. Thirty-five species were recorded from Seluma, thirty-nine were from Lemo Nakai and ten species were observed to exist within the human impacted area in Bengkulu City. In total, there were total 52 dragonfly species recorded within the administrative boundary of Bengkulu Province which more than half of historical Odonata records for this province. Thirty-one species belonged to Anisoptera (true dragonflies) and twenty-one species are grouped into Zygoptera (damselflies). Some noteworthy records are highlighted in this paper, such as the rare Dysphaea dimidiata (Euphaeidae), Anax panybeus (Aeshnidae) and Orthetrum schneideri (Libellulidae); Sumatran endemic Heliocypha angusta angusta (Chlorocyphidae) and Megalogomphus sumatranus (Gomphidae); as well as the observation of three Aeshnid species within human settlement in Bengkulu City. Further details on prominent Odonata species were also outlined along with their significances.
Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Change in Protected Areas Againts Spatial Planning in East Luwu
Authors: Fitrian Eltrit Bima , Boro Wona Grace 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over time, land use in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia has undergone changes, both to meet development needs due to population growth and to meet the economic needs of the community. The regional regulation of East Luwu Regency concerning the spatial plan of East Luwu Regency in 2010-2030 has established a protected area as part of the regional spatial plan of East Luwu Regency. To monitor changes in land use, remote sensing is one that can be used. It offers a variety of benefits in LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) study. This study utilizes remote sensing data and GIS software to analyze land cover in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia with the aim of (1) evaluating the suitability of existing land use against the regional spatial plan of East Luwu Regency (2) knowing the factors that influence change in land use. This research is a non-experimental research type. The type of data used is secondary data. The method used is the spatial analysis method by conducting an overlay analysis between the 2019 land use map and the East Luwu Regency spatial plan map using ArcGIS 10.3 software. The results showed that there were 36.068,106 Ha of land use that were not in accordance with the regional spatial plan and 32.2056,203 Ha of land use that were in accordance with the regional spatial plan of a total of 358.124,309 Ha planned for protected areas. Most of the land use in the protected area is in accordance with the spatial plan, which is 89.92%, while the land use that is not in accordance with the spatial plan is 10.07%. Factors that influencing land use change in protected areas are population growth, increasing economic needs and lack of socialization to the community.
The Effects of the Polarity and Molecular Dynamic Energy of Bamboo Activated Carbon on the Degumming Process of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil
Authors: Syahruddin Syahruddin , Wardana I.N.G. , Widhiyanuriyawan Denny , Yuliati Lilis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Modified bamboo activated carbon (BAC) was added to non-edible Calophyllum inophyllum oil in a degumming process. The effects of its polarity and molecular dynamic energy on the degumming process were evaluated using characterizations and hyperChem software simulation. It was found that BAC acquired positive surface charge, polar characteristic, and mesoporous structures. The addition of BAC in the degumming process resulted in sufficient molecular dynamic energy (108.83 kcal/mol at 353K) as simulated by hyperChem, playing a role in facilitating successful dephospholipidation. Negatively charged oxygen around the hydrophilic phosphate head group of phospholipids was induced by BAC. The force exerted helped to loosen bonds around the polar head group. Interaction between BAC and polar water molecules also occurred, facilitating more hydrolysis reaction. These actions led to a higher possibility of phosphate head group removal off the phospholipid molecules. Consequently, there were large decreases in phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium concentrations along with small improvements in viscosity and calorific value in the degummed oil.
The Design of a Red Cracker (Kerupuk Merah) Dough Mixing Machine in the Development of the Small Industry in Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Authors: Melly Sandra , Harni Mimi , Ernita Yuni , Herdian Fithra , Batubara Fani Yuliana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Kerupuk merah is a type of crackers made of flour, and it isred in color. It is a type of snacks used as complementary foods, and it can add more taste and aesthetic value on the main dish. It is a unique local product. In West Sumatra, a kerupuk merah industrial center can be found in Piladang, Akabiluru District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The production of this cracker is still performed manually, raising major concerns with production capacity and hygiene. The capacity of kerupuk merah production is determined by the dough mixing process (the first process). This process involves the use of a rectangular wooden box and man power from 3 to 4 people for kneading. The production capacity is 500 kg of dough/day or 56–63 kg/hour. The dough mixing process is performed 1–2 times/week. The data above reflect that the production process of kerupuk merah is energy- and time-consuming, thereby reducing the quantity and quality of the production. The design of a dough mixing machine is a solution to this problem. The dough mixer drum is designed in length, width, and height of 80 cm, 80 cm, and 60 cm, respectively. The optimum capacity of the dough mixer drum in each mixing process at the speed of 27.2 rpm and mixing rate of 906.34 kg/h is 150–200 kg. The mixing machine designed is food-safe because it is made of stainless steel. This invention may increase the industrial production capacity of kerupuk merah, save the kneading time, and improve the hygiene of the production, allowing the business to be developed.
Dangke: Local Indigenous Cheese from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Nur Fitriani UA , Syahriati  , Saleh Rahmawati , Tasir  , Syamsuar  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dangke is a traditional food that tastes similar to cheese, but its texture and flavor are similar to tofu that is white to yellowish. Dangke is produced by people in South Sulawesi, especially the duri massenrempulu ethnic community, Indonesia. In this article, processing techniques, how to present dangke when consumed, and packaging techniques, volatile compounds, and biological activities related to dangke health benefits for the body are explored. The descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method was used to explore processing techniques and bioactive compounds in dangke. Observation and documentation were conducted to collect primary data. Instrumental analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method is used to determine the bioactive compounds. Dangke is a traditional and straight forward fermented food made from buffalo milk and cow’s milk as an essential ingredient, with pineapple juice and papain enzymes in papaya sap. Therefore, this food is famous for its unique texture, taste, and flavor produced by the fermentation component. Still, this food has nutritional value content that is beneficial for health, such as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, to be used as functional foods. In this article, the origin of dangke, its method of processing, and the scientific perspectives are discussed.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Polymesoda erosa in the Batanghari River, Jambi Province
Authors: Yanova Shally , Jalius  , Rozi Syamsyida , Laksmana Indra , Syelly Rosda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The water quality of the Batanghari River in Jambi Province has been categorized as polluted because it contains heavy metal contents, such as Pb, Mn, Cd, and Hg. One of the river biotas that become local people’s favorite and can accumulate heavy metals is Polymesoda erosa mussels. This research aimed to investigate and analyze the heavy metals contained in mussels in the Batanghari by using AAS and ICP methods. The results showed that the average content of lead metals (Pb) in Polymesoda erosa in Point A was 5.93 mg/kg while in Point B was 13.5 mg/kg. Mussels with such contents of Pb metal are not safe to consume because the contents exceed the threshold of SNI 7387:2009 with a maximum limit of Pb at 1.5 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the average content of manganese metal (Mn) in Polymesoda erosa in Point A was 89.24 mg/kg, while in Point B was 169.85 mg/kg. These numbers also exceed the standard threshold of manganese metal quality for fish by 20 mg/kg based on the Turkish Guideline. The average concentration of Cd metals and Hg metals in Polymesoda erosa in Point A was 0.04 mg/kg and 0.122 mg/kg, respectively; while in Point B was 0.05 mg/kg and 0.169 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Hg metals do not exceed the threshold and are safe to consume. However, since Pb and Mn metals have exceeded the threshold and are not safe to consume, the Polymesoda erosa mussels in the Batanghari are still not safe to consume.
Utilization of Natural Zeolite as Emission Filter in Catalytic Converter of Diesel Engine
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Wilujeng Auliana Diah , Fatah Misbakhul , Abdullah Mohammad , Rohman Ainur , Rohmah Faizatur , Annafiyah  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The performance of natural zeolites in a catalytic converter to reduce the emission contents of diesel engine was studied in this research. Diesel engines are engines that use a high compression ratio to carry out a combustion process that will produce high contents of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxide (SO2) in diesel engine exhaust gases. One solution to reduce the contents of exhaust gas compounds in diesel engines is to use catalytic converter technology. In this study, the catalytic converter used natural zeolite as an emission filter. The catalytic converter was designed in the form of a pipe made from iron plates and hollow balls that were used as natural zeolite holders. A diesel engine emission test was conducted using a gas analyzer with engine speed variations. The results show the highest reduction efficiency in the emission contents of diesel engine (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) of 46.14%, 22.77%, and 90.56%, respectively.
Chao Teri: The Traditional Fish Fermentation from South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Syahriati  , Nur Fitriani UA , Yusuf Muhammad , Saleh Rahmawati , Luthfiah  , Sumarni  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chao fish is a traditional product of the Bugis-Makassar ethnic, which is processed from anchovy fermentation. Chao teri production center is in Pangkep regency of South Sulawesi Province, especially in Liukang Topabiring and Labbakkang subdistricts. In this area, Chao fish is a complement to side dishes flavored with chilies and onions, and consumed with pickled mangoes and cucumbers. The fermentation process for approximately two weeks. Characteristics of fish Chao products are light brown or pink, slightly sour and salty taste, distinctive flavor, and has a paste-shaped texture. The descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method was used to explore processing techniques and volatile compounds in Chao teri. Observation and documentation were conducted to collect primary data. Instrumental analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (GC-MS SPME) method is used to determine the volatile compounds. Chao teri can be made from anchovy and shrimp. Chemical characteristics of Chao teri after 2 weeks fermentation obtained pH 6.35, lactic acid 1.20%, and protein 21.15%. The results of the GC-MS SPME analysis produced 73 volatile compounds. The compounds are 31 hydrocarbons,12 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 4 esters, 2 organic acids, 1 furan, and 6 other compounds. The dominant types of amino acids found in Chao teri products are glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, and lysine. In this article, the origin of Chao teri, its method of processing, and the scientific perspectives are discussed.
Determination of herbal combinations based on mucoadhesive properties
Authors: Lestari E D P , Widyarti S , Sumitro S B 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMucoadhesive properties of herbs are the herb’s ability to strongly interact or penetrate in binding to mucin components in the mucus. The oral preparation of polyherbal made for therapeutic purposes must have a mucoadhesive capability. This in vitro study aims to determine herbal combinations that have a potential stable interaction with MUC2. The screening of 10 herbal namely, a flower of tembelekan (Lantana camara), rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa), and asam jawa (Tamarindus indica); rind of jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia); leaf of sirih merah (Piper crocatum), kelor (Moringa oleifera), and meniran hijau (Phyllanthus niruri); rhizome of kencur (Kaempferia galanga), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), and jahe (Zingiber officinale) based on the changes in MUC2 viscosity, interaction percentage and absorption percentage. Kencur, rosela, kelor, and meniran hijau maintains the viscosity. Therefore, the interaction process occurs without significantly changing the physicochemical properties of the mucin. While the other herbs, especially jeruk nipis, tembelekan dan asam jawa, caused an increased viscosity of MUC2. Kencur or temulawak can also reduce the possibility of asam jawa changing the viscosity of mucin. Based on these results, we recommend kencur-temulawak mix or kencur-asam jawa mix as a polyherbal because both have a positive interaction percentage value that indicates an additional percentage of precipitated mucin compared to pure mucin (MUC2).
Decision Making on the Renewable Energy Penetration in Malaysia via SWOT-PESTLE Analysis: Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Technology
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar M A , Wan Mohamed Zuri W N S , Mohd Rasid N I , Ahmad Asmadi A , Abdul Manaf N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Malaysia is actively working to move towards renewable energy (RE) generation for sustainable growth. Hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) and solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) feature emerging RE technologies that can supersede conventional power generation performance. HFC and PVT utilize renewable resources, which are hydrogen, oxygen and sunlight, to produce electricity without compromising the environment. However, no in-depth evaluation has been conducted to assist the decision-making of Malaysia’s HFC and PVT technology penetration. This study provides decisions on the feasibility and viability of HFC and PVT based on the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat (SWOT) and Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environment (PESTLE) analyses. Based on the SWOT-PESTLE analysis, PVT exhibits great potential in Malaysia’s RE portfolio compared to HFC. Technology readiness and social acceptance are the merits of PVT diffusion in Malaysia. Nevertheless, this preliminary decision entails validation from the industries and experts to underpin the shorthand assessment of the present work
Synthesis of bio-hydrogen supply network via graph-theoretic approach coupled with Monte Carlo simulation model
Authors: Lo S L Y , Kong K G H , Tang M F , Sunarso J , How B S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The shift from fossil fuels-derived hydrogen (grey or brown hydrogen) to renewable energy-derived hydrogen (green hydrogen) production is essential to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) which aims to ensure the accessibility to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy. One of the renewable energy sources that have been extensively studied is the biomass-derived energy source. The abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced annually in Malaysia, poses a unique potential of them being utilized as an alternative renewable feedstock for biohydrogen production. Therefore, this project aims to synthesize an optimal bio-hydrogen supply network via the integration of graph-theoretic approach and Monte Carlo simulation model where palm oil mills serve as hydrogen sources, while the ammonia plants serve as hydrogen sinks. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for the top three ranked bio-hydrogen supply networks extracted from the P-graph model. The uncertainties incorporated in the Monte Carlo simulation model are natural gas price and hydrogen price. Using Sarawak as the case study, it was found that the first ranked solution extracted from the P-graph model had the higher mean NPV value of USD 1,202.12 million.
Experimental Studies on Transesterification of Mango (Mangifera indica) Seed Kernel Butter for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Narayanasamy G , Padmesh TNP , Krishnan S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This research study involves transesterification of mango seed kernel butter using methanol as solvent and Tetra Hydro Furan (THF) was used as co-solvent in converting biodiesel. High density and higher acid value in biodiesel cause less thermal efficiency in the engine. The percentage yield of biodiesel has been studied under various parameters such as the molar ratio of methanol: oil, type of alkali catalyst and catalyst concentration (%). As the significant results, the highest biodiesel yield% was attained using the molar ratio of methanol to mango seed oil at 7:1 using sodium hydroxide as alkali catalyst with the catalyst concentration of 1.0% and THF co-solvent. The maximum %yield obtained was 90.79%. The produced biodiesel was characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The properties of biodiesel were analysed, such as freezing point, acid value, saponification value, density, and specific gravity with the respective values of 15, 0.85 mg/g, 70.13 mg/g, 788 kg/m3, and 0.788, 11 fatty acid methyl esters were found in different concentrations. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been used as a statistical method for optimization to validate the results obtained. The biodiesel results met the ASTM-D6751 and EN14214 standards for use as a working fluid.
Kinetic analysis for catalytic co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell and plastic waste mixtures with bifunctional HZSM-5 and mussel shell catalyst
Authors: Kumar A N , Chin B L F , Chee A L K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study is dedicated to investigate the kinetic analysis for catalytic co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) and polyethylene waste (HDPE) mixtures with bifunctional HZSM-5 and mussel shell (MS) catalyst. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling through 17 models based on the functions of reaction mechanism denoted as chemical reactions, diffusion reactions, nucleation and growth reactions, interfacial phase reactions and power law reactions was used in this study to achieve a suitable order of reaction promoting higher rate of accuracy based on the data achieved. It was found that the 2nd order, 3rd order, anti jander, jander and ginsling were selected as the suitable models out of 17 reaction mechanism kinetic models due to the giving a positive values produced. And also, it was observed that 3rd order reaction mechanism model provided higher activation energy (E
A) and A values for all feedstock used. Comparison between experimental data and predicted data using Logsig-Tansig (LT) and Tansig-Tansig (TT) were carried out and it was observed that the predicted results from ANN showed similar trend as experimental data with minimal error of 0.67%, 6.61%, and 2.46% for PKS, HDPE, and mixture of PKS and HDPE with the presence of MS and HZSM-5 catalyst, respectively. From the kinetic analysis, E
A and A value of PKS, HDPE, and of PKS and HDPE with the presence of bifunctional of HZSM-5/MS catalyst are 196.93 kJ/mol, 388.00 kJ/mol, 147.12 kJ/mol, 3.24×1013 s-1, 6.00×1026 s-1, and 1.72×10-1 s-1, respectively.