bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young peoples' involvement in welfare service development—Is voice enough?—A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Nortvedt Line , Olsen Cecilie F. , Sjølie Hege 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundYoung people need to be heard and take an active role in developing welfare services. When they are recognized as having skills and expertize, the advantages young people's involvement brings to both themselves and the organizations, are mobilization and empowering with impact on national decision‐making.ObjectiveTo synthesize existing literature on how young people's involvement in coproduction can contribute to better welfare services.Search StrategyWe performed a systematic literature search in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cinahl).Inclusion CriteriaPublications whose abstracts contained themes as: Young people 12–25 years of age, receiving welfare, youth coproduction/involvement/participation and qualitative studies.Data Extraction and SynthesisOf the 5469 documents retrieved, the full text of 58 studies was read, of which seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden was used.Main ResultsYoung people being involved in coproduction of developing welfare services experienced to be valued and supported by partnerships, but they also pointed out deficiencies in welfare services. Some of the adolescents expressed not being listened to, lack of trusted relations and not being involved in policy making or prospects. The staff members saw some challenges with partnering with youth; as the need for flexibility, to keep the youth engaged and to purposefully meet the adolescents where they need help, guidance or resources.ConclusionsMore involvement should be stressed. Coproduction is often symbolic more than resulting in real changes in the welfare services. Consequently, what is crucial when young people are involved is that they are encouraged by adults to be clear about the degree of involvement they want.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and public involvement was not explicit in this review.
Mediation role of patient engagement on the association between health literacy and self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cengiz Dilara , Agrali Hatice , Korkmaz Fatos , Akyar Imatullah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the relationship between health literacy and self‐care behaviours among individuals with type 2 diabetes and whether the association is mediated by patient engagement.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and September 2020. The sample consisted of 218 participants with type 2 diabetes, older than 18 years old, applying to two endocrine outpatient clinics in Turkey. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between health literacy and self‐care behaviours. The Sobel test method was used to examine the mediation role of patient engagement.ResultsSample characteristics included mean age of 53.7 years, 57.3% were female and the mean A1C was 7.8%. The regression equation analyses demonstrated that health literacy (β = 0.219, P < 0.05) and patient engagement (β = 2.844, P < 0.05) significantly predicted diabetes self‐care behaviours. Patient engagement served a mediational role in the association of health literacy and self‐care behaviours (z value = 2.049, P < 0.02).ConclusionGiven the relationship between health literacy and diabetes self‐care behaviours, the patient engagement concept presented a practical insight into the applicability of health‐related information. Clinicians are recommended to consider patients' health literacy and engagement levels while planning customized interventions to facilitate diabetes management.
The multi‐scalar embeddedness of support policies for migrant entrepreneurship in Japan
Authors: Yamamura Sakura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContextual entrepreneurship and mixed embeddedness approach alike emphasize the importance of the political‐institutional embeddedness next to social embeddedness along with further contexts for migrant entrepreneurship, yet the aspect of international migration policies as an important institutional framework has been somewhat neglected. This paper introduces the case of political‐institutional embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurship in Japan from an international migration policy perspective, discussing embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurs and their support institutions from a multi‐scalar perspective. By analysing the migration policy context of migrant entrepreneurship at different policy levels, that is, national, regional and urban scales, it demonstrates the analytical value of differentiating policies along these scales and also their inter‐connectedness, conceptually proposing the inter‐ and trans‐scalarity of these policy contexts. By bringing issues of migration regimes and particularly the East Asian developmental state as a lens to analyse migrant entrepreneurship, it brings further approaches in comparatively analysing different entrepreneurial contexts for future research.
Discordant imaging: adrenal vein sampling in almost half of patients with primary aldosteronism and a unilateral adrenal adenoma
Authors: Kaur Ruveena , Young Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is an underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension, with an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications compared with those with essential hypertension alone. Distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral aldosterone secretion is important as management differs. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for determining lateralisation. Current international guidelines suggest AVS may be omitted in those aged <35 years with PHA and a unilateral adrenal adenoma on imaging.AimTo characterise all patients referred for AVS at Waitematā District Health Board (WDHB), review the success rate of AVS and compare concordance of AVS with imaging.MethodsAll patients who underwent AVS in WDHB from January 2015 to September 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Clinical records, laboratory data and radiological findings were reviewed.ResultsNinety‐six patients underwent AVS, with four excluded as private records were unable to be obtained. Of the 92 patients included, age ranged from 22 to 79 years. AVS was successful on first attempt in 89 (96.7%) patients. AVS and imaging findings were concordant in 62.2% of patients. One (14.3%) of seven aged <35 years had discordant results, and 16 (47%) of 34 patients with a unilateral adenoma on imaging had discordant results to AVS.ConclusionsAVS at WDHB is successful on first attempt in most patients. AVS is essential in the management of PHA for those deemed to be surgical candidates, regardless of age.
Foot and ankle reconstruction using the lateral supramalleolar flap versus the anterolateral thigh flap in the elderly: A comparative study
Authors: Li Peifeng , Zhang Huaibao , Zhu Junyi , Qiu Haisheng , Ni Xiao , Yu Fangzheng , Xiao Jian , Wang Jian , Du Shenghu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the reconstructive outcomes of soft‐tissue defects around the foot and ankle with anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap or lateral supramalleolar (LSM) flap and attempt to provide an optimal strategy for elderly patients. A retrospective review of all continuous patients with foot and ankle reconstruction using different flaps from October of 2010 and October of 2020 was performed. Based on the flap types, the patients were divided into two groups: ALT flap group (n = 50) and LSM flap group (n = 46). Outcomes were assessed according to the flap survival rate, early complications, general complications, late complications, cosmetic appearance, functional outcomes and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). We found that there was no difference in average age, gender, aetiology, size of the defect, debridement times between the two groups; however, a significant difference in operation time, hospitalisation time and cost were noted between them. What's more, the early flap complications between them were not significantly different. The LSM flap group showed less general complications, less flap bulky and lower cosmetic appearance. Moreover, the functional evaluation and VSS seem similar (P > .05). Thus, The ALT flap and LSM flap are both flaps available for foot and ankle reconstruction in elderly patients. However, the LSM flap offers short operation time, short hospitalisation time, and less cost with a lower frequency of postoperative complications. Thus, we advocate the LSM flap for the reconstruction of moderate‐size defects of the foot and ankle region in elderly patients.
The effects of virtual reality technology on reducing pain in wound care: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: He Zhen‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei , Dela Rosa Ronnell D. , De Ala Minerva B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in clinical nursing care in recent years. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effect and safety of VR technology on pain control in wound care, to provide evidence and support for clinical wound care. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Chinese Science and Technology Journal databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of VR technology in wound care up to December 20, 2021. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the included RCTs and extracted associated data. RevMan5.3 statistical software was used for data analysis. 13 RCTs involving 1258 adult patients were included, of whom 588 patients underwent VR intervention. VR technology intervention could reduce the VAS score(MD = −1.13, 95%CI:−2.01~−0.26, P < .001), pain cognition score(MD = −3.94, 95%CI:−4.59 ~ −3.30, P < .001), pain emotion score(MD = ‐5.21, 95%CI: −10.46 ~ −0.04, P < .001), pain sensation score (MD = −4.94, 95%CI: −9.46 ~ −0.42, P = .03) and blood pressure(MD = −4.66, 95%CI: −8.63 ~ −0.69, P = .02) during would care. There were no significant differences on the heart rate (MD = −1.85, 95%CI: −5.71 ~ −2.01, P = .45) and VR interestingness (MD = 28.96, 95%CI: −22.10 ~ 80.02, P = .27) of the VR group and control group. No publication biases among the synthesised outcomes were found (all P > .001). VR technology can effectively reduce the pain degree and sensation of patients during wound care, which may be an effective auxiliary non‐drug method used for pain relief during wound care.
Primary stress response and biochemical profile ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized withArgulus bengalensis(Ramakrishna, 1951)
Authors: Datta Netri , Kar Pradip K. , Saha Samar K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArgulosis is a major problem that causes huge economic loss in aquaculture. In a microcosm, an infested condition was developed uponLabeo rohitawith 100 ± 10 adult morphs ofArgulus bengalensisper fish. Primary stress response and biochemical profiles of the host were evaluated to underscore the pathogenicity of the parasites. Significant alterations in biochemical parameters were monitored at four different post‐infestation time points: days 1, 3, 6 and 9. The overall increasing trends of both plasma cortisol and plasma epinephrine indicate parasite‐induced primary stress response among experimental fish. The study revealed a hyperglycaemic trend throughout the infestation period, which has been correlated with hypoxia‐associated glycogenolysis. Decreasing level of plasma cholesterol has also been correlated with the development of anaemia and subsequent hypoxia among the infested fish. Plasma protein of the experimental fish initially increases as an outcome of the immediate innate immune response againstArgulusinfestation, whereas the decrease in plasma protein at the later period of infestation results from less‐dietary protein intake due to loss of appetite, reduced digestibility and metabolic proteolysis. Plasma Na+concentration showed an overall decreasing trend throughout the infestation period, which may be due to excess production of catecholamine under stress. Nonetheless, plasma K+concentration showed an increasing trend up to day 6 of infestation, and thereafter the value declined to the control level. Plasma ionic imbalances reflect changes in cell permeability under tissue hypoxia and the wounds produced on the skin for intensive feeding activity of the parasites. Both serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were significantly elevated throughout the infestation period, which indicates excess synthesis or release of those enzymes from the damaged cells of the tissues. Activities of some renal, hepatic and branchial antioxidant enzymes,viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase, increased in the infested fish. The fact is explained as an effort of the fish for gaining adaptive adjustment to neutralize the oxidative stress generated under the parasitic stress. The overall experimental result points towards the generation of potential stress upon host fish by this branchiuran parasite. The biochemical alterations of the fish under argulosis are centred around the two stress‐sensitive hormones, cortisol and epinephrine. The outcome of the study will be the important physiological determinants in adopting a suitable control measure as well as assessing the nutritional value of the fish under diseased condition.
Endogenous capital stock and depreciation in the United States
Authors: Escribá‐Pérez F. J. , Murgui‐García M. J. , Ruiz‐Tamarit J. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are several puzzles and unresolved problems in empirical economics that depend on the reliability of capital series. Productivity paradoxes, and certain recent trends in the US macroeconomic data, cannot be addressed correctly with the available standard measures of capital stock. Our paper contributes to the theory of capital by endogenizing capacity utilization and depreciation in an intertemporal optimization model with adjustment and maintenance costs. This model allows for corporate taxation and identifies the impact on the variables that shape the capital accumulation process. Depreciation is a control variable that is no longer assumed proportional to the capital stock. The model provides a system of equations that we run empirically with a data set of the US economy for the period 1960–2016. We obtain an empirical measure of the depreciation rate and the capital stock based on profitability and market values. They are economic estimations that consider the entire capital deterioration and obsolescence. Aggregate capital stock is a key variable in the description of the economy, and our results, which better fit the foundations of economic theory, can provide policymakers with a good understanding of the field in which specific public policy measures are to be implemented.
Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with expert‐inspiration and skeleton sharing deep learning
Authors: Xiao Han , Guo Yuchen , Zhou Qian , Chen Qiaofeng , Du Qiang , Chen Shuling , Fu Shunjun , Lin Jie , Li Dexuan , Song Xinming , Peng Sui , Huang Yuhua , Shen Jingxian , Kuang Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsRadiological prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential but few models were clinically implemented because of limited interpretability and generalizability.MethodsBased on 2096 patients in three independent HCC cohorts, we established and validated an MVI predicting model. First, we used data from the primary cohort to train a 3D‐ResNet network for MVI prediction and then optimised the model with “expert‐inspired training” for model construction. Second, we implemented the model to the other two cohorts using three implementation strategies, the original model implementation, data sharing model implementation and skeleton sharing model implementation, the latter two of which used part of the cohorts' data for fine‐tuning. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated to compare the performances of different models.ResultsFor the MVI predicting model, the AUC of the expert‐inspired model was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.88) compared to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.46–0.62) of model before expert‐inspiring. Taking this model as an original model, AUC on the second cohort was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67–0.84). The AUC was improved to 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.90) with the data‐sharing model, and further improved to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.92) with the skeleton sharing model. The trend that the skeleton sharing model had an advantage in performance was similar in the third cohort.ConclusionsWe established an expert‐inspired model with better predictive performance and interpretability than the traditional constructed model. Skeleton sharing process is superior to data sharing and direct model implementation in model implementation.
Fox Vulpes vulpes population trends in Western Europe during and after the eradication of rabies
Authors: Delcourt Johann , Brochier Bernard , Delvaux Dylan , Vangeluwe Didier , Poncin Pascal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Over several decades, Western Europe experienced an outbreak of sylvatic rabies, eliminated through an EU programme involving large‐scale red fox vaccination campaigns. While much work has been done on the dynamics of the virus and on the efficiency of vaccination campaigns, very little attention has been paid to the impact on the large‐scale dynamics of the fox population.

As Western Europe has now been free of rabies for about 15–20 years, the aims of this review are to characterise the impact of rabies during the outbreak itself and to increase understanding of how fox populations evolved thereafter. The rabies‐free populations in the UK are also integrated as a comparative control.

Trends in fox populations are based on a review of available data, mainly hunting statistics and a few other methods. The benefits and biases of these methods are also discussed.

During the rabies epizootic, fox populations experienced a significant decline and stabilised at lower densities than observed in the past. A demographic explosion followed the vaccination campaigns, and fox populations became larger than had been observed before the epizootic. Rabies vaccination was not the direct cause of this demographic explosion, as rabies‐free areas experienced it also. The causes are more to be sought in environmental modifications induced by humans.

This demographic explosion was followed by the emergence of urban fox populations throughout Europe. Moreover, the new higher densities favoured the outbreak of other diseases, though their impact was more limited. Around the 2000s, rural fox populations appeared to reach densities close to carrying capacity and populations stabilised. However, subsequently, with some exceptions, Western European fox populations seem to be experiencing a decline. The ecological consequences of these changes in fox population density may reach the many prey species and competitors of the red fox.
Exploring eye care pathways, patient priorities and economics in Pakistan: A scoping review and expert consultation study with thematic analysis
Authors: Malik Manal , Strang Niall , Campbell Pauline , Jonuscheit Sven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAs the prevalence of eye diseases increases, demand for effective, accessible and equitable eye care grows worldwide. This is especially true in lower and middle‐income countries, which have variable levels of infrastructure and economic resources to meet this increased demand. In the present study we aimed to review the literature on eye care in Pakistan comprehensively, with a particular focus on eye care pathways, patient priorities and economics.MethodsA systematic scoping review was performed to identify literature relating to eye care in Pakistan. Searches of relevant electronic databases and grey literature were carried out. The results were analysed through a mixed methods approach encompassing descriptive numerical summary and thematic analysis. To consolidate results and define priority areas for future study, expert consultation exercises with key stakeholders were conducted using qualitative semi‐structured interviews.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐two papers (published and unpublished) were included in the final review. The majority (n = 93) of studies utilised a quantitative design. Seven interlinked themes were identified: eye care pathways, burden of eye disease, public views on eye‐related issues, workforce, barriers to uptake of eye care services, quality of eye care services and economic impact of blindness. Research priorities included investigating the eye care workforce, the quality and efficiency of current eye care services, eye care services available in rural Pakistan and the costs and benefits related to eye care provision and sustaining eye care programmes.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to synthesise evidence from papers across the field relating to eye care in Pakistan. As such, this work provides new insights into the achievements of the national eye health programme, challenges in eye care in Pakistan and priority areas for future research.
Teaching participatory action research as engaged pedagogy in the time of pandemic
Authors: Peracullo Jeane C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reflects on the process, challenges, and opportunities of conducting a graduate‐level class in environmental philosophy for Catholic priests who were seminary formators in the time of pandemic in the Philippines. The final output of the course is a participatory action research project. I developed an engaged pedagogical framework, which draws from the works of Jennifer Ayres that incorporated theological, philosophical, and ecological principles in teaching and facilitating students' research. The development of the tenets, the flourishing of all, right relations, and praxis began from a deep engagement with my students whose influence in the religious and cultural lives of the Filipinos could add to the flourishing of ecological consciousness of the Catholic community in the Philippines.