bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Histology in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Yu Shan-Chi , Cheng Chieh-Lung , Huang Huai-Hsuan , Lo Hsiao-Ting , Liu Yu-Jung , Hsieh Han-Peng , Chao Hsiao-Ling , Wang Yi-Hua , Hsu Cheng-An , Teng Shu-Chun 
Published: June 2022

Context.—Bone marrow (BM) samples are obtained through aspiration and trephine biopsy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been largely studied in BM aspirate smears.Objective.—To investigate the histologic features of HLH in trephine biopsy.Design.—Patients with hemophagocytosis in BM aspirate smears were assigned to HLH (n = 127) and non-HLH (n = 203) groups. We quantified hematoxylin-eosin and CD68 immunohistochemical staining of their trephine biopsies.Results.—No significant correlation was noted in the hemophagocytosis count between aspirate smears and trephine biopsies. Compared with the non-HLH group, the HLH group had a higher hemophagocytosis count (13 versus 9 per tissue section, P = .046), lower percentage of the adipocytic area (36.7% versus 50.3%, P &lt; .001), and higher percentage of the foamy area (19.1% versus 14.5%, P &lt; .001). The HLH group had more histiocyte infiltrates (total histiocyte density, 9.2% versus 7.3%; P &lt; .001) and more fat-infiltrating histiocytes (histiocyte density of the fat-associated part [HD-FA], 7.6% versus 6.2%; P &lt; .001). We identified the following poor prognostic factors in the HLH group: age 50 years or older (median overall survival [mOS], 95 versus 499 days; P = .04), Epstein-Barr virus–positive T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV+TLPDs) (mOS, 51 versus 425 days; P &lt; .001), hemophagocytosis count of 6 or higher per tissue section (mOS, 66 versus 435 days; P = .02), and HD-FA of 9% or greater (mOS, 61 versus 359 days; P = .02). Multivariate analysis revealed that age 50 years or older (hazard ratio [HR], 2.38; P &lt; .001), EBV+TLPDs (HR, 2.07; P &lt; .001), and hemophagocytosis count of 6 or higher per tissue section (HR, 2.07; P = .002) were independent prognostic factors for HLH.Conclusions.—The HLH group had higher hemophagocytic activity, higher cellularity, a more foamy appearance, more histiocyte infiltrates, and more fat-infiltrating histiocytes. High hemophagocytic activity and marked histiocyte infiltrates in the BM fat were associated with poorer prognosis.
Linking agri‐environment scheme habitat area, predation and the abundance of chick invertebrate prey to the nesting success of a declining farmland bird
Authors: McHugh Niamh M. , White Patrick J. C. , Moreby Steve , Szczur John , Stoate Chris , Leather Simon R. , Holland John M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract1. Across Europe, farmland bird populations have continued to decline since the 1970s owing to the intensification of farming practices. Studies of such declines have tended to focus specifically on either the impacts of habitats (nesting and foraging), nest predators or prey availability on bird demographics. The study presented here provides new insights into the relative effects of each of these factors on yellowhammer nest survival. The yellowhammer was selected for this study as it is a UK Red‐Listed bird species whose population is in decline across much of Europe.2. We use a long‐term dataset of 147 nests, monitored between 1995 and 2007, to provide an insight into how yellowhammer nest survival is influenced by nesting habitat (nest concealment and nest height), foraging habitats (habitat coverage within 100 m of nests), the removal of nest predators (magpiePicaabundance as an inverse measure of avian predator removal through gamekeeping) and food availability (measured with a D‐vac invertebrate suction sampler).3. Our results indicated that yellowhammer hatching success was negatively related to the coverage of spring agri‐environment scheme habitats, a group which represents invertebrate‐rich agri‐environment habitats, but hatching success increased with nest height. Fledging success was positively related to the coverage of the seed‐rich habitat wild bird seed mixture. The farm‐level abundance of yellowhammer chick‐food invertebrates declined over the study period.4. Our results highlight the importance of simultaneously considering multiple agents that shape avian breeding success, that is their ability to produce offspring, to inform conservation management. Our key finding for land managers relates to the positive relationship between the proportion of seed rich foraging habitat within the yellowhammer's average foraging range and yellowhammer fledging success, which shows that a habitat intended primarily to provide winter food resources is also important to breeding birds. Chick food abundance in this habitat was, however, similar to broadleaf and cereal crops. We recommend that this habitat should be provided near to potential yellowhammer nesting sites and adjacent to invertebrate‐rich agri‐environment scheme habitats such as beetle banks and conservation headlands to further boost invertebrate resources for a declining farmland bird.
A survey of knowledge‐based sequential decision‐making under uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Sridharan Mohan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReasoning with declarative knowledge (RDK) and sequential decision‐making (SDM) are two key research areas in artificial intelligence. RDK methods reason with declarative domain knowledge, including commonsense knowledge, that is either provided a priori or acquired over time, while SDM methods (probabilistic planning [PP] and reinforcement learning [RL]) seek to compute action policies that maximize the expected cumulative utility over a time horizon; both classes of methods reason in the presence of uncertainty. Despite the rich literature in these two areas, researchers have not fully explored their complementary strengths. In this paper, we survey algorithms that leverage RDK methods while making sequential decisions under uncertainty. We discuss significant developments, open problems, and directions for future work.
Impact of systematic MLC positional uncertainties on the quality of single‐isocenter multi‐target VMAT‐SRS treatment plans
Authors: Prentou Georgia , Pappas Eleftherios P , Prentou Eleni , Yakoumakis Nikolaos , Paraskevopoulou Chryssa , Koutsouveli Efi , Pantelis Evaggelos , Papagiannis Panagiotis , Karaiskos Pantelis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the impact of systematic MLC leaf positional uncertainties (stemming from mechanical inaccuracies or sub‐optimal MLC modeling) on the quality of intracranial single‐isocenter multi‐target VMAT‐SRS treatment plans. An estimation of appropriate tolerance levels is attempted.MethodsFive patients, with three to four metastases and at least one target lying in close proximity to organs‐at‐risk (OARs) were included in this study. A single‐isocenter multi‐arc VMAT plan per patient was prepared, which served as the reference for dosimetric impact evaluation. A range of leaf offsets was introduced (±0.03 mm up to ±0.30 mm defined at the MLC plane) to both leaf banks, by varying the leaf offset MLC modeling parameter in Monaco for all the prepared plans, in order to simulate projected leaf offsets of ±0.09 mm up to ±0.94 mm at the isocenter plane, respectively. For all offsets simulated and cases studied, dose distributions were re‐calculated and compared with the corresponding reference ones. An experimental dosimetric procedure using the SRS mapCHECK diode array was also performed to support the simulation study results and investigate its suitability to detect small systematic leaf positional errors.ResultsProjected leaf offsets of ±0.09 mm were well‐tolerated with respect to both target dosimetry and OAR‐sparing. A linear relationship was found between D95% percentage change and projected leaf offset (slope: 12%/mm). Impact of projected offset on target dosimetry was strongly associated with target volume. In two cases, plans that could be considered potentially clinically unacceptable (i.e., clinical dose constraint violation) were obtained even for projected offsets as small as 0.19 mm. The performed experimental dosimetry check can detect potential small systematic leaf errors.ConclusionsPlan quality indices and dose–volume metrics are very sensitive to systematic sub‐millimeter leaf positional inaccuracies, projected at the isocenter plane. Acceptable and tolerance levels in systematic MLC uncertainties need to be tailored to VMAT‐SRS spatial and dosimetric accuracy requirements.
Pyrrolic N‐Stabilized Monovalent Ni Single‐Atom Electrocatalyst for Efficient CO2 Reduction: Identifying the Role of Pyrrolic–N and Synergistic Electrocatalysis
Authors: Boppella Ramireddy , Austeria P Muthu , Kim Yujin , Kim Eunhyo , Song Inae , Eom Yaeeun , Kumar D. Praveen , Balamurugan Mani , Sim Eunji , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Tae Kyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEngineering the electronic structure of metal, N‐doped carbon catalysts is a potential strategy for increasing the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). However, establishing a definitive link between structure and performance is extremely difficult due to constrained synthesis approaches that lack the ability to precisely control the specific local environment of MNC catalysts. Herein, a soft‐template aided technique is developed for the first time to synthesize pyrrolic N4Ni sites coupled with varying N‐type defects to synergistically enhance the CO2RR performance. The optimal catalyst helps attain a CO Faradaic efficiency of 94% at a low potential of −0.6 V and CO partial current density of 59.6 mA cm−2 at −1 V. Results of controlled experimental investigations indicate that the synergy between NiN4 and metal free defect sites can effectively promote the CO2RR activity. Theoretical calculations revealed that the pyrrolic N coordinated NiN4 sites and C atoms next to pyrrolic N (pyrrolic NC) have a lower energy barrier for the formation of COOH* intermediate and optimum CO* binding energy. The pyrrolic N regulate the electronic structure of the catalyst, resulting in lower CO2 adsorption energy and higher intrinsic catalytic activity.
Tuning Organic Electrochemical Transistor Threshold Voltage using Chemically Doped Polymer Gates
Authors: Tan Siew Ting Melissa , Lee Gijun , Denti Ilaria , LeCroy Garrett , Rozylowicz Kalee , Marks Adam , Griggs Sophie , McCulloch Iain , Giovannitti Alexander , Salleo Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have shown promise as transducers and amplifiers of minute electronic potentials due to their large transconductances. Tuning the OECT threshold voltage is important to achieve low‐powered devices with amplification properties within the desired operational voltage range. However, traditional design approaches have struggled to decouple channel and materials properties from threshold voltage, thereby compromising on several other OECT performance metrics, such as electrochemical stability, transconductance, and dynamic range. In this work, simple solution‐processing methods are utilized to chemically dope polymer gate electrodes, thereby controlling their work function, which in turn tunes the operation voltage range of the OECTs without perturbing their channel properties. Chemical doping of initially air‐sensitive polymer electrodes further improves their electrochemical stability in ambient conditions. Thus, OECTs that are simultaneously low‐powered and electrochemically resistant to oxidative side reactions under ambient conditions are demonstrated. This approach shows that threshold voltage, which is once interwoven with other OECT properties, can in fact be an independent design parameter, expanding the design space of OECTs.
Innovations and Challenges in Electroanalytical Tools for Rapid Biosurveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ardalan Sina , Ignaszak Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, preventive social paradigms and vaccine development have undergone serious renovations, which drastically reduced the viral spread and increased collective immunity. Although the technological advancements in diagnostic systems for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection are groundbreaking, the lack of sensitive, robust, and consumer‐end point‐of‐care (POC) devices with smartphone connectivity are conspicuously felt. Despite its revolutionary impact on biotechnology and molecular diagnostics, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique as the gold standard in COVID‐19 diagnosis is not suitable for rapid testing. Today's POC tests are dominated by the lateral flow assay technique, with inadequate sensitivity and lack of internet connectivity. Herein, the biosensing advancements in Internet of Things (IoT)‐integrated electroanalytical tools as superior POC devices for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection will be demonstrated. Meanwhile, the impeding factors pivotal for the successful deployment of such novel bioanalytical devices, including the incongruous standards, redundant guidelines, and the limitations of IoT modules will be discussed.
Computer‐Aided Analysis of the Corrosion Inhibition by Carbon‐Based Thin‐Film Coating on Vascular Bare Metal Stent Models
Authors: Akdogan Gulsen , Istanbullu Omer Burak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA simulation study of inhibiting the corrosion and corrosion‐based restenosis is presented by diamond‐like carbon (DLC) thin‐film coating on bare‐metallic intravascular stent models. The stents are designed and placed in a blood vessel model including a fatty‐plaque layer in the study. 316L‐stainless steel, CoCr‐alloy, and nitinol are assigned to the stent models considering stent manufacturing. Modeled stents are coated with a carbon‐based structure that mimics the DLC thin film. The electrochemical simulations are performed under the dynamic non‐Newtonian blood flow condition for a 1 year period. Electrolytic current densities, corrosion, and restenosis rates of the bare and coated stents are simulated using time‐dependent laminar flow and corrosion modules in multiphysics analysis software. Among the bare‐stent models, the highest corrosion rate is observed for 316L with 79 µm year−1and the minimum corrosion rate is observed for nitinol with 9 µm year−1. Restenosis rates increase up to 36 µm year−1due to the charged‐particle adhesion on the bare stent surfaces. However, DLC‐thin‐film coating reduces corrosion and in‐stent restenosis (ISR) rates down to 0.94 and 0.2 µm year−1respectively. It can be concluded that surface passivation by thin‐film DLC coating may be considered a promising candidate for novel stent designs having lower corrosion‐based issues and ISR risks.
Procedural task trainer gaps in emergency medicine: A rift in the simulation universe
Authors: Stapleton Stephanie N. , Cassara Michael , Moadel Tiffany , Munzer Brendan W. , Sampson Christopher , Wong Ambrose H. , Chopra Eisha , Kim Jane , Bentley Suzanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe identified and quantified the gap between emergency medicine (EM) procedures currently taught using simulation versus those that educators would teach if they had better procedural task trainers. Additionally, we endeavored to describe which procedures were taught using homemade models and the barriers to creation and use of additional homemade models.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi process, we developed a survey and distributed it to a convenience sample of EM simulationists via the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Simulation Academy listserv. Survey items asked participants to identify procedures they thought should be taught using simulation ("most important"), do teach using simulation (“most frequent”), would teach if a simulator or model were available (“most needed”), and do teach using simulation with "homemade" models (“most frequent homemade”).ResultsThirty‐seven surveys were completed. The majority of respondents worked at academic medical centers and were involved in simulation‐based education for at least 6 years. Three procedures ranked highly in overall teaching importance and currently taught categories. We identified four procedures that ranked highly as both important techniques to teach and would teach via simulation. Two procedures were selected as the most important procedures that the participants do teach via simulation but would like to teach in an improved way. We found 14 procedures that simulationists would teach if an adequate model was available, four of which are of high importance.ConclusionsThis study captured data to illuminate the procedural model gap and inform future interventions that may address it and meet the overarching objective to create better and more readily available procedure models for EM simulation educators in the future. It offers an informed way of prioritizing procedures for which additional homemade models should be created and disseminated as well as barriers to be aware of and to work to overcome. Our work has implications for learners, educators, administrators, and industry.
From intern to “accepted”: A guide to preparing for fellowship in emergency medicine
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin H. , Cassara Michael , Fisher Jonathan , Guttman Joshua , Kayden Stephanie , Kivlehan Sean M. , Kuzel Aaron R. , Reznek Martin A , Schertzer Kimberly , Sun Wendy W. , Rathlev Niels 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe number of fellowship options for emergency medicine (EM) physicians continues to expand. While guides exist to help residents explore individual fellowship pathways, we aimed to create a comprehensive guide for all residents considering fellowship.MethodsAt the direction of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Board, 9 members of the Fellowship Guide Workgroup, including members of the Fellowship Approval Committee, and 2 members of SAEM Residents and Medical Students (RAMS) group collaboratively developed the guide using available evidence and expert opinion when high‐quality evidence was unavailable. The guide was reviewed and approved by all members.ResultsThe guide offers advice to EM residents on how to conceptualize key aspects of their training with respect to preparation for fellowship, including scholarship, teaching, leadership, and electives. Additionally, it offers perspective on selecting a fellowship that matches the resident's interests and goals and successfully applying.ConclusionThis fellowship guide for EM residents considering fellowship summarizes the best currently available advice for residents considering fellowship training after residency.
Prioritizing homelessness in emergency medicine education: A concept paper
Authors: Del Buono Benedict C. , Salhi Bisan A. , Kimmel Alexis E. , Santen Sally A. , Jarrell Kelli L. , White Melissa H. , Brown Christopher K. , Moll Joel L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients experiencing homelessness visit the emergency department (ED) often and have worse clinical outcomes. Caring for this patient population is complex, challenging, and resource‐intensive. Emergency medicine (EM) education is lacking in formal curricula on the topic of homelessness, despite benefits for resident morale and patient care. Our goals were to identify a gap in EM education and training of the intersection of housing and health and propose educational topics and teaching methods to be included in residency curricula. Methodology was based on the development of a didactic session at the 2021 SAEM Annual Meeting. A needs assessment was performed through a review of medical education literature, a national survey of EM residency curricula, the individual curricula utilized by respective team members, and perspective from the team's own individual experiences with teaching about homelessness. Topics presented were chosen through discussion between the authors and determined to be common and relevant and cover a broad spectrum of content. The four presented topics included the intersection of COVID‐19 and housing, the impact of LGBTQIA+ status on homelessness, housing status related to health system utilization and health outcomes, and housing inequity as a means of perpetuating structural racism. Suggestions for education of these topics included case‐based learning, journal clubs, simulation, collaboration with social work, quality improvement projects, and engagement with community leaders. The ED is uniquely positioned to encounter the impacts of homelessness on health. Emergency physicians should be prepared to effectively care for these patients with complex social needs. Structured learning on this topic would benefit EM resident growth and lead to better patient care through improved screening, recognition of risk factors, and use of social resources.
Sex, gender, and the opioid epidemic: Crucial implications for acute care
Authors: Walter Lauren A. , Bunnell Savannah , Wiesendanger Kathryn , McGregor Alyson J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe opioid epidemic continues to escalate in the United States, exacerbated significantly by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Necessary steps in acute care medicine to expand efforts to combat this epidemic involve increased emergency department engagement of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and an incorporation of evolving sex‐ and gender‐based factors that affect this disease presentation and management course.Methods & AimsAn ever‐increasing amount of peer‐reviewed, evidence‐based literature has shed light on the important biologic and sociocultural variables, specifically sex and gender, which impact OUD trajectory and outcomes. As a collaborative effort of the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Interest Group, a community within the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), we sought to consider, review, and summarize clinically pertinent information as a comprehensive introduction to this topic for the emergency medicine (EM) clinician and educator.ResultsA selected overview of current evidence‐based data and publications, to include current epidemiologic trends, opioid‐based physiology and pathophysiology, as well as opioid use disorder management and outcomes, through a sex‐ and gender‐based lens, was reviewed and included in this summary. Also discussed are implications and recommendations for EM educators seeking insight and resources for continuing, graduate, and/or undergraduate education on this topic.ConclusionIncorporation of emerging sex‐ and gender‐specific scientific knowledge into clinical context represents a critical link to effective management of the OUD patient in the ED. Similarly, integration of this information into EM education represents an essential step for both sex‐ and gender‐based medicine and opioid‐specific training.