bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐hospital outcomes of patients with a hypertensive emergency at a medical center, Ethiopia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yizengaw Mengist Awoke , Chemeda Kisi , Kumela Kabaye , Tesfaye Behailu Terefe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive emergency is associated with substantial complications and loss of life across the world. Early identification and treatment of hypertensive emergency complications are critical to prevent or avoid any consequences. Despite this, in Ethiopia, studies addressing mortality rate and its predictors as well as complications of hypertensive emergency are limited.AimsThis study aim to evaluate in‐hospital mortality of patients admitted with a hypertensive emergency at the emergency ward of Jimma Medical Center.MethodsA consecutive sample of 140 adult (≥18 years of age) patients with a hypertensive emergency were recruited from September 1, 2020 to February 25, 2021 at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia and were followed up from admission to discharge/death. Patients who declined to participate and readmitted during the study period were excluded. To assess factors associated with in‐hospital mortality, bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance.ResultsOver three‐fourths of the study participants, that is, 108 (77.1%), were males with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 52.8 ± 13.6 years. Hemorrhagic stroke, 53 (38.0%), and acute kidney injury, 38 (27.1%), were the most common complications of hypertensive emergency. The average (±standard deviation) length of stay in the hospital was 8.53 ± 3.61 days. During in‐hospital follow‐up, 16 patients (11.4%, 95% confidence interval: 6.7–17.9) died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between patients not doing regular physical exercise before the current admission (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.629, 95% confidence interval: 1.171–18.294, p = 0.015) and in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionMore than one‐tenth of patients with hypertensive emergency death was recorded at Jimma Medical Center. The frequent complications of hypertensive emergency were hemorrhagic stroke and acute renal injury. Not doing regular physical exercise before the current admission raises the likelihood of in‐hospital death. Therefore, strengthening and encouraging patients to perform regular physical exercise is imperative.
Combined convection heat transfer in a lid driven cavity filled with nanofluids
Authors: Nawafleh Audai S. , Taamneh Yazan , Bataineh Khaled 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA simulation study is performed of laminar steady combined convection heat transfer in a lid‐driven cavity containing various types of nanofluid (CuO–water nanofluid and Al2O3–water nanofluid) at various boundary conditions. The influence of two different types of temperature distributions applied to the cavity's bottom wall is investigated. There are two types of temperature distributions: constant temperature (Th) and a sinusoidal temperature distribution applied to the bottom wall, which has a higher temperature than the top moving wall (Tc). In both circumstances, the sidewalls are kept adiabatic. The finite element method is utilized for the current issue. The influence of the Richardson number, which ranges from 0.01 to 10, and the volume fraction of nanoparticles, which ranges from 0 to 0.1, on the heat transfer rate has been explored. The influence of the sinusoidal temperature distribution's amplitude and phase angle is also examined. The isotherm and streamline patterns within the cavity are diverse with distinct nanoparticle volume fractions, and the Richardson numbers are presented and analyzed. The numerical findings showed that lowering the Richardson number raises the average Nusselt number. Also, the existence of nanoparticles in pure water increases heat transmission. Additionally, raising the sinusoidal temperature's amplitude increases the average Nusselt number. The results show that the increase of average Nusselt number at (φ = 0, Gr = 104, Pr = 1, Ɣ = 3π/2) for amplitude 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 is 0.53, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.87, respectively.
Mediating role of moral disengagement in the perpetration of cyberbullying by victims and bystanders
Authors: Luo Aileen , Bussey Kay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionProliferation of internet use in adolescence has resulted in an increase in cyberbullying. Previous experiences of cyber victimization and cyber bystanding are commonly linked with cyberbullying perpetration, allowing the bullying cycle to persist. Moral disengagement is one factor that may facilitate victims and bystanders to later perpetrate cyberbullying. The process occurs through enlistment of justificatory strategies to enable individuals to perpetrate without feeling remorse. The present study investigates the potential role of moral disengagement in the perpetration of cyberbullying by victims and bystanders.MethodsYoung people (N = 563, Mage = 13.52, SD = 1.04) recruited from Australian schools completed a cross‐sectional self‐report survey comprising of validated measures of moral disengagement, and involvement in cyberbullying across different roles (perpetration, victimization, and bystanding).ResultsFindings indicated that moral disengagement significantly mediated the link between victimization and perpetration, and between bystanding and perpetration. Specifically, victims and bystanders engage in cyber perpetration through enlisting moral disengagement strategies.ConclusionsMoral disengagement may, therefore, be one factor that mediates the association between cyber victimization and cyber bystanding, and cyber perpetration. Understanding mechanisms by which victims and bystanders engage in perpetration have implications for supporting victims and bystanders in antibullying strategies to minimize the occurrence of cyber perpetration.
AMPK: The key to ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Cai Jie , Chen Xinyue , Liu Xingyu , Li Zhangwang , Shi Ao , Tang Xiaoyi , Xia Panpan , Zhang Jing , Yu Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIschemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period of tissue ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction, stress ulcer, pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, intermittent claudication, acute tubular necrosis, postshock liver failure, and multisystem organ failure are all related to reperfusion injury. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified in multiple catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. The functions of AMPK during health and diseases are intriguing but still need further research. Except for its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch, emerging evidence reveals the critical role of AMPK in IRI as an energy‐sensing signal molecule by regulating metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other progressions. At the same time, drugs based on AMPK for the treatment of IRI are constantly being researched and applied in clinics. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMPK in IRI and describe the AMPK‐targeting drugs in treatment, hoping to increase the understanding of AMPK in IRI and provide new insights into future clinical treatment.
A Drug–Drug Interaction Study of a Novel Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, SHR4640, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Febuxostat, in Patients With Primary Hyperuricemia
Authors: Wang Chenjing , Yu Qing , Jiang Xin , Deng Yujie , Sun Feifei , Li Xin , Tao Ye , Lin Pingping , Ma Yaping , Zhu Yuxian , Li Chengqian , Cao Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSHR4640 is a novel, selective urate reabsorption inhibitor. As the mode of action of SHR4640 differs from that of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, such as febuxostat, coadministration of these drugs may be a treatment option for patients with primary hyperuricemia. We assessed the potential drug–drug interaction between SHR4640 and febuxostat. In this single‐center, open‐label, randomized, drug–drug interaction study, subjects received 80 mg febuxostat or 10 mg SHR4640 alone daily in the first week, whereas during the second week a combination of SHR4640 and febuxostat was administered daily to all subjects. Plasma concentrations of SHR4640 and febuxostat were analyzed. We compared their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and assessed both safety and tolerability. Compared with febuxostat alone, the geometric mean ratios (90%CIs) of the maximum concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve over the dosing interval τ (AUC0–τ) for febuxostat after coadministration were 1.284 (1.016 to 1.621) and 0.984 (0.876 to 1.106), respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90%CIs) of Cmax and AUC0–τ for SHR4640 after coadministration compared with SHR4640 alone were 0.910 (0.839 to 0.988) and 0.929 (0.893 to 0.966), respectively. Febuxostat had no effect on SHR4640 pharmacokinetic parameters, as the 90%CIs of the geometric mean ratios were all within the range of 0.80 to 1.25. The coadministration of febuxostat and SHR4640 was well tolerated. The coadministration of SHR4640 with febuxostat was not associated with any clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. SHR4640 combined with febuxostat had a synergistic effect on reducing uric acid in the pharmacodynamics, with the AUC decreasing from 7440 to 3170 h μmol/L compared with febuxostat alone and from 5730 to 2960 h μmol/L compared with SHR4640 alone.
Pre‐doctoral dental faculty perceptions toward value‐based care: An exploratory study
Authors: McLeod Caroline D. , Kornegay Elizabeth C. , Tiwari Tamanna , Mason Matthew R. , Mathews Rebekah B. , Apostolon Danielle N. , Heaton Lisa J. , Wright John T. , Quinonez Rocio B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore pre‐doctoral faculty perceptions toward implementation of value‐based care (VBC) in didactic and clinical teaching.MethodsThis project was a collaborative effort between CareQuest and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Adams School of Dentistry introducing VBC to pre‐doctoral dental faculty as part of a new curriculum. Following a faculty development session on VBC in June 2021, faculty and subject matter experts were invited to participate in qualitative interviews. Subject matter experts were interviewed to establish a baseline for VBC knowledge and understanding. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was conducted by two analysts using ATLAS.ti and a thematic analysis approach.ResultsSix faculty and two subject matter experts participated in interviews. Although dental faculty demonstrated some understanding of VBC, they recognized that more training is required to build in‐depth knowledge and implementation strategies for teaching dental students. Faculty discussed value‐based concepts such as prevention‐focused teaching, person‐centered care, and disease management over invasive restoration of teeth, and how VBC is bringing about a paradigm shift in dentistry that needs to be reflected in dental education. They acknowledged a disconnect between VBC in didactic teaching versus clinical instruction. Those interviewed believed it would take time to shift faculty mindset and readiness to teach VBC, and continued efforts are needed at the leadership and faculty level for acceptance and implementation.ConclusionsAlthough dental faculty recognize that VBC can bring a shift in dental practice, more training and guidance to implement it in didactic and clinical teaching is needed.
Extracellular vesicles elicit protective immune responses againstSalmonellainfection
Authors: Emerson Lisa E , Barker Hailey , Tran Terri , Barker Samantha , Enslow Samantha , Ou Mark , Hoffman Carol , Jones Melissa , Pascual David W. , Edelmann Mariola J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by antigen‐presenting cells represent a novel mechanism of cell‐to‐cell communication. The sEVs have been shown to drive Th1‐type adaptive immune responses against intracellular infections such asSalmonella. In this study, we have demonstrated that an administration of sEVs produced bySalmonella‐infected macrophages to BALB/c mice that were then challenged withSalmonellainfection decreased bacterial load in infected animals and led to protection against a lethal dose ofSalmonella. Second, the same sEVs induced a robust production of IgA anti‐Salmonellaantibodies (Abs) in BALB/c mice, including IgA anti‐OmpD Abs. These results show that the nanoscale sEVs stimulate adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens and that these sEVs can be used to provide animals with complete protection against lethal infection, such as the systemic bacterial infection in immunodeficient BALB/c mice.
Early meteorological observations in West Africa during the 18th century
Authors: Rodrigo Fernando S. , Millán Vicente 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to present new meteorological data from West Africa during the 18th century. The data sources used are colonial reports, medical treatises on the health conditions in the region, and accounts of exploratory expeditions. The data correspond to five locations in West Africa: Saint‐Louis and Gorée (Senegal), Bulama (Guinea‐Bissau), Freetown (Sierra Leone), and Accra (Ghana). Based on daily and monthly resolutions, approximately 4,400 new meteorological recorded observations were recorded (temperature, precipitation, wind direction, qualitative information on atmospheric conditions). The database obtained is a set of scattered meteorological series with short observation periods and without homogeneous characteristics. However, these data allow us to obtain an overview of the climatic conditions in this area during the study period and information on specific phenomena.
A skilful seasonal prediction for wintertime rainfall in southern Thailand
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin , Gong Hainan , Limsakul Atsamon , Fan Hongdou , Pimonsree Sittichai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYear‐to‐year variations of southern Thailand rainfall (STR) in boreal winter exert profound social and economic impacts, whereas current multimodel ensemble prediction systems have low skills to predict the STR. This study proposes a physical‐based seasonal prediction model for the winter STR 1 month in advance using the outputs from the dynamic models. The prediction model is constructed using linear regression, with the tropical western Pacific (TWP) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in preceding October as a predictor. Its prediction skill in the leave‐five‐out cross‐validation is significantly higher than that of the multimodel ensemble mean. The mechanism behind this model is also discussed. In October, the warm TWP SST anomalies can trigger anomalous low‐level convergence surrounding the South China Sea in terms of the Matsuno–Gill mechanism and persist into the following winter, causing above‐than‐normal STR. This information is essential and may provide another perspective to improve the model prediction on the winter STR.
Rethinking the 10% strain rule in fracture healing: A distal femur fracture case series
Authors: Inacio Jordan V. , Schwarzenberg Peter , Kantzos Andrew , Malige Ajith , Nwachuku Chinenye O. , Dailey Hannah L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the 1970s, the 2%−10% rule has been used to describe the range of interfragmentary gap closure strains that are conducive for secondary bone healing. Interpreting the available evidence for the association between strain and bone healing remains challenging because interfragmentary strain is impossible to directly measure in vivo. The question of how much strain occurs within and around the fracture gap is also difficult to resolve using bench tests with osteotomy models because these do not reflect the complexity of injury patterns seen in the clinic. To account for these challenges, we used finite element modeling to assess the three‐dimensional interfragmentary strain in a case series of naturally occurring distal femur fractures treated with lateral plating under load conditions representative of the early postoperative period. Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to construct patient‐specific finite element models and plate fixation constructs to match the operative management of each patient. The simulations showed that gap strains were within 2%−10% only for the lowest load application level, 20% static body weight (BW). Moderate loading of 60% static BW and above caused gap strains that far exceeded 10%, but in all cases, strains in the periosteal region external to the fracture line remained low. Comparing these findings with postoperative radiographs suggests that in vivo secondary healing of distal femur fractures may be robust to early gap strains much greater than 10% because formation of new bone is initiated outside the gap where strains are lower, followed by later consolidation within the gap.
Association of fasting in the first 72 h of intensive care unit stay with outcomes of critically ill patients
Authors: Cardozo Júnior Luis Carlos Maia , Besen Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro , dos Santos Yuri de Albuquerque Pessoa , Mendes Pedro Vitale , Park Marcelo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether fasting early in critical illness course is acceptable is not clear and high‐quality data on this topic are lacking. To generate equipoise for future clinical trials and bring additional data to current literature, we compared outcomes of patients fasted during the first 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) stay to patients receiving any nutrition support during this period.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of a medical ICU from a tertiary academic center in Brazil. Adult patients treated between November 2017 and February 2022 with an ICU length of stay of ≥5 days were included. Baseline and daily data were retrieved from the prospectively collected administrative database. We did 1:1 propensity score matching to compare patients fasting for at least 72 h with controls. Primary outcome was hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were other resources' use.ResultsDuring the study period, 1591 patients were cared for in this ICU, of which 998 stayed ≥5 days. After excluding readmissions and propensity score matching, 93 patients in the fasting group were matched to 93 controls. Hospital mortality was similar between fasting and matched control groups (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.56–1.94; P > 0.99). Secondary outcomes were not different between groups, including length of stay, days on mechanical ventilation, and incidence of new infections.ConclusionWithholding nutrition support in the first 72 h of ICU stay was not associated with worse outcomes in this cohort of severe critically ill patients.
Freeze dried pomegranate juices of Moroccan fruits: main representative phenolic compounds
Authors: Indelicato Serena , Houmanat Karim , Bongiorno David , Ejjilani Assia , Hssaini Lahcen , Razouk Rachid , Charafi Jamal , Ennahli Said , Hanine Hafida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an ancient perennial plant species of the Punicaceae family. Its seeds are consumed as food or as juice. Previous studies have noted that pomegranate juice encompasses many active compounds with beneficial effects. The main goals of this work were to study the phenolic components of freeze‐dried and reconstituted pomegranate juices obtained from 13 pomegranate genotypes growing in Morocco.RESULTSWe analyzed several pomegranate juices using high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry to determine phenolic compounds. Twenty‐seven bio‐phenols, belonging to four different classes (phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), were identified based on their accurate mass measurements, and quantified. Some encouraging results were obtained. Even though the freeze‐drying process introduced a marked degradation of bio‐phenols, substantially lowering their levels in the reconstituted fruit juices, these fruit juices were still rich enough in bio‐phenols to compete with some fresh fruit juices. The reconstituted juices obtained by rehydration of the lyophilized material still differed enough to enable a statistical classification based on their polyphenol content. A correlation analysis was applied to the polyphenol data to explore correlations and similarities between genotypes.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that freeze‐drying and reconstitution of juices introduced some degradation of the polyphenol content. The overall polyphenolic pattern within the same cultivar, in two different harvesting years, was maintained, however, suggesting the composition stability of the freeze‐dried juices produced in this time span. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intracordal injection therapy for vocal fold scarring: Steroid versus basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Nozawa Miki , Takahashi Satoka , Kanazawa Takeharu , Kurakami Kazuya , Hasegawa Tomohiro , Hirosaki Mayu , Kamitomai Manami , Komazawa Daigo , Konomi Ujimoto , Ito Makoto , Watanabe Yusuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesVocal fold scarring is caused by replacement of vocal fold mucosa with fibrous tissue due to repeated inflammation or trauma. It can lead to severe dysphonia. It is currently treated conservatively and with phonosurgery and intracordal injections. Intracordal injection of steroid or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been recently found to be useful for treating vocal fold scarring that does not respond to voice therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study involved the administration of steroid injection and bFGF injection bilaterally under local anesthesia in 16 patients each. Laboratory measurements of voice parameters were performed before and 3–6 months after injection.ResultsIn the steroid injection group, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score significantly improved from 57.1 to 40.5, total Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (tGRBAS) score significantly improved from 4.2 to 2.6, and mean speech fundamental frequency (SFF) increased from 192.5 to 211.4 dB, but there was no improvement in maximum phonation time (MPT) and mean airflow rate (MFR). In the bFGF injection group, significant improvements in the VHI score (from 53.3 to 35.7), MPT (from 16.9 to 21.8 s) and MFR (from 314.6 to 210.5 ml/s) were seen; however, the tGRBAS score did not improve. In addition, the SFF significantly decreased from 178.1 to 160.5 Hz.ConclusionThese results suggest that both steroid and bFGF injections are effective for treating vocal fold scarring, with steroids improving voice quality and bFGF improving glottic closure, thereby contributing to improvements in VHI scores.Level of Evidence4.