bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 threat and xenophobia: A moderated mediation model of empathic responding and negative emotions
Authors: She Zhuang , Ng Kok‐Mun , Hou Xiangling , Xi Juzhe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe threat of disease is associated with xenophobia, but limited research is available to shed light on the underlying processes that shape this relationship. Based on integrated threat theory and existing research, we tested a model in which the association between threat of disease and xenophobia is mediated by negative emotions, and how the process is moderated by empathic responding to others who are concerned about the disease threat. The research was conducted in China during the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic with the focus on Chinese unease about the people of Wuhan, the city where the pandemic began. A national sample of Chinese adults (N = 1697) completed a survey on their perceptions of risk due to COVID‐19, negative emotions experienced during the pandemic, empathic responses to others who were concerned about COVID‐19, and xenophobia expressed toward people from Wuhan. The results showed that negative emotions mediated the relationship between perceived COVID‐19 threat and xenophobia. However, contrary to expectation, empathic responding did not weaken the relation between perceived COVID‐19 threat and xenophobia; instead, it exacerbated the relationship. Specifically, empathic responding to help others in the context of concerns about COVID‐19 was related to greater xenophobia toward the out‐group (i.e., the people of Wuhan).
Risk factors and implications associated with renal mineralization in chronic kidney disease in cats
Authors: Tang Pak‐Kan , Jepson Rosanne E. , Chang Yu‐Mei , Geddes Rebecca F. , Hopkinson Mark , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNephrocalcinosis is a pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its pathophysiological implications for cats with CKD are unexplored.ObjectivesIdentify nephrocalcinosis risk factors and evaluate its influence on CKD progression and all‐cause mortality.AnimalsFifty‐one euthyroid client‐owned cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 2‐3 azotemic CKD.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Histopathological kidney sections were assessed for nephrocalcinosis (von Kossa stain). Nephrocalcinosis severity was determined by image analysis (ImageJ). Ordinal logistic regressions were performed to identify nephrocalcinosis risk factors. The influence of nephrocalcinosis on CKD progression and mortality risk were assessed using linear mixed model and Cox regression, respectively. Cats were categorized by their owner‐reported time‐averaged phosphate‐restricted diet (PRD) intake, where PRD comprised ≥50%, 10‐50%, or none of food intake.ResultsNephrocalcinosis was rated as mild‐to‐severe in 78.4% and absent‐to‐minimal in 21.6% of cases. Higher baseline plasma total calcium concentration (tCa; odds ratio [OR] = 3.07 per 1 mg/dL; P = .02) and eating a PRD (10%‐50%: OR = 8.35; P = .01; ≥50%: OR = 5.47; P = .01) were independent nephrocalcinosis risk factors. Cats with absent‐to‐minimal nephrocalcinosis had increasing plasma creatinine (0.250 ± 0.074 mg/dL/month; P = .002), urea (5.06 ± 1.82 mg/dL/month; P = .01), and phosphate (0.233 ± 0.115 mg/dL/month; P = .05) concentrations over a 1‐year period, and had shorter median survival times than cats with mild‐to‐severe nephrocalcinosis.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHigher plasma tCa at CKD diagnosis and PRD intake are independently associated with nephrocalcinosis. However, nephrocalcinosis is not associated with rapid CKD progression in cats.
The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: Commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation
Authors: Littleford‐Colquhoun Bethan L. , Freeman Patrick T. , Sackett Violet I. , Tulloss Camille V. , McGarvey Lauren M. , Geremia Chris , Kartzinel Tyler R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDietary DNA metabarcoding enables researchers to identify and characterize trophic interactions with a high degree of taxonomic precision. It is also sensitive to sources of bias and contamination in the field and laboratory. One of the earliest and most common strategies for dealing with such sensitivities has been to remove all low‐abundance sequences and conduct ecological analyses based on the presence or absence of food taxa. Although this step is now often perceived to be necessary, evidence of its sufficiency is lacking and more attention to the risk of introducing other errors is needed. Using computer simulations, we demonstrate that common strategies to remove low‐abundance sequences can erroneously eliminate true dietary sequences in ways that impact downstream inferences. Using real data from well‐studied wildlife populations in Yellowstone National Park, we further show how these strategies can markedly alter the composition of dietary profiles in ways that scale‐up to obscure ecological interpretations about dietary generalism, specialism, and composition. Although the practice of removing low‐abundance sequences may continue to be a useful strategy to address research questions that focus on a subset of relatively abundant foods, its continued widespread use risks generating misleading perceptions about the structure of trophic networks. Researchers working with dietary DNA metabarcoding data—or similar data such as environmental DNA, microbiomes, or pathobiomes—should be aware of drawbacks and consider alternative bioinformatic, experimental, and statistical solutions.
The long‐term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic devices implanted via the femoral route
Authors: Griffiths Samuel , Behar Jonathan M. , Kramer Daniel B. , Debney Mike T. , Monkhouse Christopher , Lefas Alicia Y. , Lowe Martin , Amin Fouad , Cantor Emily , Boyalla Vennela , Karim Nabeela , Till Jan , Markides Vias , Clague Jonathan R. , Wong Tom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional superior access for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is not always possible and femoral CIEDs (F‐CIED) are an alternative option when leadless systems are not suitable. The long‐term outcomes and extraction experiences with F‐CIEDs, in particular complex F‐CIED (ICD/CRT devices), remain poorly understood.MethodsPatients referred for F‐CIEDs implantation between 2002 and 2019 at two tertiary centers were included. Early complications were defined as ≤30 days following implant and late complications >30 days.ResultsThirty‐one patients (66% male; age 56 ± 20 years; 35% [11] patients with congenital heart disease) were implanted with F‐CIEDs (10 ICD/CRT and 21 pacemakers). Early complications were observed in 6.5% of patients: two lead displacements. Late complications at 6.8 ± 4.4 years occurred in 29.0% of patients. This was higher with complex F‐CIED compared to simple F‐CIED (60.0% vs. 14.3%, p = .02). Late complications were predominantly generator site related (n = 8, 25.8%) including seven infections/erosions and one generator migration. Eight femoral generators and 14 leads (median duration in situ seven [range 6–11] years) were extracted without complication.ConclusionsProcedural success with F‐CIEDs is high with clinically acceptable early complication rates. There is a notable risk of late complications, particularly involving the generator site of complex devices following repeat femoral procedures. Extraction of chronic F‐CIED in experienced centers is feasible and safe.
Hemorrhage control—Proper application of direct pressure, pressure dressings, and tourniquets for controlling acute life‐threatening hemorrhage
Authors: Palmer Lee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimely application of hemorrhage control interventions is lifesaving. Any amount of blood loss may be detrimental and, therefore, trauma‐induced hemorrhage must be addressed immediately and aggressively. Early and prompt hemorrhage control is one of the main priorities of treating hemorrhagic shock. Trauma‐induced hemorrhage remains a leading cause of preventable death. A vast majority of bleeding wounds encountered are not initially life‐threatening but become life‐threatening with delay in appropriate hemorrhage control.DescriptionAppropriate immediate hemorrhage control interventions for the exsanguinating small animal include direct pressure, wound packing, hemostatic dressings, pressure bandage, and, possibly, tourniquet application. Although tourniquet application is a lifesaving intervention in people experiencing extremity hemorrhage, it has not been shown to be a necessary intervention for small animals.SummaryThe aim of this companion article is to briefly describe the basic methods for achieving immediate hemorrhage control in small animals in a prehospital or life‐threatening situation.Key Points

Common sources of trauma‐induced massive hemorrhage include injury to a major artery or other large vessel (eg, external jugular), a highly vascular organ(s) (liver and spleen), or from a combination thereof.
Blood loss from a major arterial source (ie, femoral or carotid artery) may rapidly lead to exsanguination and death in as little as 3–5 min.
Placing a circumferential compressive bandage that is too tight or restrictive around the neck, thorax, or abdomen may occlude the patient's airway, restrict chest expansion, or prevent adequate respiration.
Noncircumferential bandages often do not generate sufficient enough pressure to abate arterial hemorrhage, particularly when systolic arterial blood pressure is restored postfluid resuscitation.
Definitive hemostasis for massive internal hemorrhage is best achieved through early surgical intervention.
Direct pressure remains the most effective “medical” intervention for initial hemorrhage control.
When feasible, elevate and splint (immobilize) any bleeding extremity or body part as an adjunctive aid for hemorrhage control when used in conjunction with other methods of control, especially direct pressure.
Colonic perforation in 4 dogs following treatment with meloxicam
Authors: Longley Mark J. , Baines Stephen J. , Chanoit Guillaume 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical findings and treatment of 4 dogs that developed colonic perforation shortly after meloxicam administration.Series SummaryThree cases were treated with meloxicam for variable nonspecific signs including lethargy and pyrexia. Hemorrhagic diarrhea developed following meloxicam administration in 2 cases. Gastrointestinal perforation was suspected on diagnostic imaging leading to exploratory celiotomy in all 3 cases. Partial colectomy was performed in 2 cases and suture repair with serosal patching in 1 followed by broad spectrum antimicrobials. All 3 dogs recovered from surgery well. One dog that had undergone perineal herniorrhaphy and received meloxicam perioperatively collapsed and died 7 days postsurgery. Postmortem examination revealed ulceration and perforation of the ascending colon with resultant generalized septic peritonitis. Histopathologic findings in all cases showed full thickness infiltration of the colonic wall with inflammatory cells along with ulceration and perforation. Thrombosis of vessels underlying the ulcerated areas was also noted.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis report suggests that colonic perforation may be a complication of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use in some cases. To the authors’ knowledge, this has not previously been described in dogs. Colonic perforation associated with NSAIDs administration may be more commonly identified in dogs with concurrent morbidities. Caution may be warranted when using NSAIDs in dogs with colonic pathology or possible risk factors to develop such pathology. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for a positive outcome.
Owner experiences with and perceptions of owner‐witnessed CPR in veterinary medicine
Authors: Gradilla Sarah M. , Balakrishnan Anusha , Silverstein Deborah C. , Pratt Chap L. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Wolf Jacob M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine owner experiences with and perceptions of owner‐witnessed resuscitation (OWR) in veterinary medicine and to determine if previous experience with family‐witnessed resuscitation (FWR) influenced perceptions.DesignMulticenter survey.SettingTwo academic and 2 private practice referral hospitals in the United States.SubjectsFour hundred and seven clients presenting their small animal or exotic pet to the emergency service, or owners of patients hospitalized in the small animal ICU, April 1 to May 15, 2019.InterventionsNoneMeasurements and Main ResultsAnonymous, online survey. Demographic variables, familiarity with CPR, previous experience with FWR or OWR, and open‐ended questions and 4‐point Likert items assessing level of agreement with statements on OWR were included. Scores equal or greater than 2 represented positive agreement. An overall OWR mean score was calculated from Likert items. Seventy‐nine (19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.7%–23.7%) participants reported having been involved with FWR, and 13 (3.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%–5.5%) reported having witnessed CPR on their pet. Owners were significantly more likely to participate in OWR if they had been present for FWR (P = 0.0004). Ninety‐two percent of respondents who had been present for OWR would elect to be present again (95% CI, 62.1%–99.6%). Whether present for OWR or not, owners believed there may be benefits from witnessing CPR and had overall positive feelings toward the practice (OWR mean score, 2.87, SD 0.45 and 2.68, SD 0.54, respectively). Most respondents (78.6%; 95% CI, 74.2%–82.4%) felt that owners should be offered the opportunity to witness CPR on their pets.ConclusionsOwners expressed overall positive experiences with and attitudes toward OWR and believe the option for presence should be provided. As pet owners become more aware of FWR in human medicine, veterinarians may need to be prepared to entertain the possibility of OWR and owners’ wishes to remain with their pet during CPR.
Ketogenic diet, African American women, and cardiovascular health: A systematic review
Authors: Hanners Audra , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Volek Jeff , Kelley Marjorie M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States of America and across the world. The high prevalence of obesity (56.9%) in African American women contributes to high rates of CVD. Ketogenic nutritional therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective therapy for weight loss and reduction in other CVD risk factors (e.g., HgbA1C and blood pressure). However, the evidence investigating ketogenic nutritional therapy among African American women to improve CVD risk factors has not yet been synthesized.AimsTo conduct a systematic review of the evidence on CVD risk reduction and ketogenic nutrition therapy among African American women.MethodsCINAHL Plus, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched for quantitative studies focused on ketogenic nutritional therapy and CVD risk factors among African American women. Included studies measured beta‐hydroxybutyrate as an indicator of dietary adherence.ResultsOf 4,799 articles identified, six articles representing five studies were included in this review. The majority of participants were female, with very few identified as African American women. Primary outcomes included weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and lipids. Dietary adherence was difficult to assess. Significant reductions in weight and BMI were noted. Heterogeneity in study design, intervention length, and measurement of dietary adherence made generalizations difficult. Few studies continually monitored dietary adherence using beta‐hydroxybutyrate levels, thus threatening the internal validity of the studies. A gap in our understanding remains concerning CVD risk and ketogenic nutritional therapy among African American women specifically.Linking evidence to actionKetogenic nutritional therapy is effective in women to reduce weight and BMI. Ketogenic nutritional therapy may be beneficial in reducing CVD risk factors. Monitoring dietary adherence using beta‐hydroxybutyrate levels with commercially available monitors is key to intervention success.
Sleep protocol—Use of evidence‐based practice (EBP) to improve patient outcomes and patient satisfaction while hospitalized
Authors: Williams Kathy M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnecdotal observation at a 55‐bed training hospital indicated decreased patient satisfaction from patients not feeling rested during hospitalization related to staggered nighttime nursing care.AimsThe main aim of this study is to implement a new culture of patient centeredness to enhance patient care and improve outcomes at a 34‐bed Medical‐Surgical Inpatient Unit (MSIU) within the training hospital.MethodsAn evidence‐based practice approach was chosen to address the aim. This included the development of a PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time frame) question, a systematic search of the literature, a critical appraisal of the evidence, implementation of the intervention, evaluation of outcomes, and dissemination of the results.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were critically appraised, resulting in 11 keeper articles. The body of evidence reviewed demonstrated that minimizing nighttime patient interruptions through bundled care could improve patient sleep, pain perception, and patient outcomes and reduce fatigue. Bundled care was implemented in the MSIU for 1 year. During this year, there was a significant reduction in hydrocodone administration, a notable reduction in prescription sleep aid administration, a 75% reduction in fall rates, a cost savings of $64,000, and a decrease in patient length of stay.Linking Evidence to ActionAllowing patients to rest could have benefits. Rest improves outcomes, length of stay, satisfaction scores, and fall rates and reduces the need for medications. Clustering care allows patients to receive uninterrupted rest.
Local kisspeptin excitation of rat oxytocin neurones in late pregnancy
Authors: Abbasi Mehwish , Perkinson Michael R. , Seymour Alexander J. , Piet Richard , Campbell Rebecca E. , Iremonger Karl J. , Brown Colin H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe hormone, oxytocin, is synthesised by magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and is released from the posterior pituitary gland into the circulation to trigger uterine contractions during parturition. Kisspeptin fibre density increases around the supraoptic nucleus over pregnancy and intracerebroventricular kisspeptin excites oxytocin neurones only in late pregnancy. However, the mechanism of this excitation is unknown. Here, we found that microdialysis administration of kisspeptin into the supraoptic nucleus consistently increased the action potential (spike) firing rate of oxytocin neurones in urethane‐anaesthetised late‐pregnant rats (gestation day 18–21) but not in non‐pregnant rats. Hazard analysis of action potential firing showed that kisspeptin specifically increased the probability of another action potential firing immediately after each action potential (post‐spike excitability) in late‐pregnant rats. Patch‐clamp electrophysiology in hypothalamic slices showed that bath application of kisspeptin did not affect action potential frequency or baseline membrane potential in supraoptic nucleus neurones. Moreover, kisspeptin superfusion did not affect the frequency or amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents or inhibitory postsynaptic currents in supraoptic nucleus neurones. Taken together, these studies suggest that kisspeptin directly activates oxytocin neurones in late pregnancy, at least in part, via increased post‐spike excitability.Key points
Oxytocin secretion is triggered by action potential firing in magnocellular neurones of the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to induce uterine contractions during birth.
In late pregnancy, kisspeptin expression increases in rat periventricular nucleus neurones that project to the oxytocin system.
Here, we show that intra‐supraoptic nucleus administration of kisspeptin increases the action potential firing rate of oxytocin neurones in anaesthetised late‐pregnant rats, and that the increased firing rate is associated with increased oxytocin neurone excitability immediately after each action potential.
By contrast, kisspeptin superfusion of hypothalamic slices did not affect the activity of supraoptic nucleus neurones or the strength of local synaptic inputs to supraoptic nucleus neurones.
Hence, kisspeptin might activate oxytocin neurons in late pregnancy by transiently increasing oxytocin neuron excitability after each action potential.
Bifurcations of Limit Cycles in Rotating Shafts Mounted On Partial Arc and Lemon Bore Journal Bearings in Elastic Pedestals
Authors: Anastasopoulos Lysandros , Chasalevris Athanasios 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper investigates the bifurcations encountered in a simple rotor dynamic system interacting with nonlinear impedance forces, generated by the supporting journal bearings of realistic profile geometry. Bearing configurations of finite arc length and of finite width, as implemented in standard design of turbomachinery have been selected, namely the cylindrical partial arc and the elliptical (lemon) bore profile. The way in which the key design parameters influence the stability of elastic or rigid Jeffcott rotor is discussed. In the scope of this study, the following bearing design parameters are considered: arc length, length to diameter ratio, geometric preload and offset, and properties of the supporting pedestal by codimension-two studies. The bearing model is coupled to a six degree of freedom shaft-disc-pedestal model with nonlinear forces calculated from the journal kinematics, bearing design and operating conditions by numerical evaluation of the Reynolds equation for laminar, isothermal flow on a two dimensional mesh. An autonomous system of differential equations is implemented. Stability of fixed points and of limit cycles for this system is evaluated applying numerical continuation. The results confirm that minor variations in journal bearing design and pedestal properties have the potential to render substantial changes in the quality of stability and the bifurcation set of the rotor dynamic system. Specific bearing profiles render significant increment of instability threshold speed while at the same time supercritical Hopf bifurcations can be shifted to subcritical with resulting instability envelopes to be generated at speeds lower than the threshold speed.
Effect of Differential Tip Clearance on the Performance of a Tandem Rotor
Authors: Kumar Amit , Chhugani Hitesh , More Shubhali , Pradeep A. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tandem blade is an interesting concept that promises a higher total pressure rise per stage. Owing to two separate tip leakage vortices and their interaction, losses are likely to increase particularly near the tip region. Although rotors are designed with optimum tip clearance, the clearance changes during engine operation as well as during its service life. In the case of tandem rotors, the forward and the aft rotors can have different tip clearances. This will also impact the performance of the stage. Six different tip clearances have been investigated. ANSYS CFX is used for steady RANS computational analysis. The results suggest that the performance of the tandem rotor is highly sensitive to the forward rotor tip clearance. Higher tip clearance adversely affects the total pressure rise and operation stability of the tandem rotor. At design mass flowrate, the performance degradation for tandem configuration with the higher tip clearance (Case2, Case 3, Case 5, and Case 6) is attributed to the vortex breakdown of TLV1, which leads to the sudden expansion of the blockage region near the rotor tip. Vortex breakdown primarily depends upon the swirling strength of TLV1 and TLV2 as well as on the adverse pressure gradient. Near the stall point, the role of the adverse pressure gradient becomes more dominant in the vortex breakdown.