bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of chewing-betel habits on blood glucose levels in the Karo ethnic community, Karo district
Authors: Pane Yunita Sari , Machrina Yetty , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina , Sari Mutiara Indah 
Published: October 2022

Background: The chewing Betel habit is a hereditary tradition from the ancestors of the Batak-Karo tribe, Indonesia. Karo people believe that chewing betel habit is their unifier. The chewing-betel habit process begins with concocting a mixture of ingredients such as betel leaf, lime, gambier, areca nut, and with or without tobacco addition, then chewed slowly. Our previous study showed that gambier extracts (Uncaria gambier Roxb), can reduce blood glucose levels(BGL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)patients. This study aimed to analyze whether the habit of chewing betel can affect BGL in the Karo ethnic community in the Karo district. Methods: In total, 48 participants from the Karo community were divided into 4 groups (n=12 per group), namely: I. non-T2DM participants without chewing betel habits; II. non-T2DM participants with chewing-betel habit; III. T2DM participants without chewing-betel habit and IV. T2DM participants with chewing-betel habit. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The data were collected by interviews and blood sampling (fasting and 2 hours postprandial (2hPP)). The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test, Independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney with a significance level of p-value <0.05. Results: This study showed that fasting BGL condition in group-I compared to group II (84.33±12.32 vs 81.00±4.84) mg/dl and group-III compared to group-IV (196.25±104.81 vs 150.00±42.45) mg/dl had no significant difference. Also, the BGL of 2hPP condition in group-I compared to group-II (111.25 ±22.62 vs 108.33±18.99) mg/dl, and group-III compared to group-IV (314.92±128.97 vs 229.25±58.26) mg/dl, in statistically there was no difference (p>0.05). Although the data showed that group-III was higher than group-IV. Conclusions: This study concludes that with or without chewing-betel habits affect blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes subjects (Groups III and IV).
Application of the public-private partnership formula in thermomodernization projects of public buildings in Poland in the years 2009–2020
Authors: Hajdys Dagmara 
Published: October 2022

Motivation: For over ten years, Poland has observed a systematic use of the public-private partnership (PPP) formula in implementation of investment projects. Local government units are particularly active in this area. One of the self-government’s own tasks is the management of municipal property, including public utility buildings. The implementation of such tasks, in accordance with the European Commission’s recommendations, should be conducted in cooperation between a local government unit and a private entity under a public-private partnership.
Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the public-private partnership market in Poland in the context of the implementation of thermomodernization projects of local government public facilities in the years 2009–2020.
Results: The market in Poland is generally flattened, as more than 90 per cent of launched projects fall into the local government sector. It is the local authorities that initiate intersectoral cooperation based on the PPP formula. Knowing their local communities, they carry out tasks that meet their needs on the one hand, and respond to climate and energy challenges on the other. This is evidenced by a growing number of projects
The use of selected tax tools for the implementation of pro-ecological goals in Poland on the example of cities with poviat rights
Authors: Witkowski Jacek 
Published: October 2022

Motivation: Environmental protection requires action at various levels. Local governments managing the smallest territorially administrative units have been equipped with a number of competences enabling a positive impact on the condition of local natural resources. Their powers include, inter alia, determining the rates of certain taxes along with the possibility of applying preferences that may be aimed at stimulating environment-friendly behavior and the implementation of various pro-ecological goals. Therefore, a research problem can be raised regarding the use of this type of instruments by municipalities to improve the condition of the natural environment.
Aim: The purpose of the article is to investigate whether and to what extent local governments managing communes in Poland use their powers in the scope of applying reliefs and exemptions in local taxes to initiate activities involving the protection and proper use of environmental resources. The study covered 63 cities operating with poviat rights, and the analysis covered the resolutions adopted by the city councils of these units in the years 2019–2021.
Results: As a result of the research, it was found that the local governments of the largest Polish cities rarely applied exemptions from property tax and transport means tax exemptions due to pro-ecological activities undertaken by taxpayers. Local government officials were much more willing to use the statutory right to apply different tax rates on means of transport depending on the type of drive. In the group of the 10 largest urban centers, only in one case there is no lower tax rate for 2021, and thus no relief for owners of vehicles with a drive that meets certain emission limits or electric power. Importantly, the reliefs were most often accompanied by the reduction or maintenance of the real tax rates at a stable level.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Information Collection Missions with Uncertain Characteristics
Authors: Moskal Michael D. , Dasdemir Erdi , Batta Rajan 
Published: October 2022

We study the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) route planning problem for information collection missions performed in terrains with stochastic attributes. Uncertainty is associated with the availability of information, the effectiveness of the search and collection sensors the UAV carries, and the flight time required to travel between target regions in the mission terrain. Additionally, uncertainties in flight duration vary the detection threat exposed in missions performed in nonfriendly terrains. We develop a mixed integer programming model to maximize the expected information collection while limiting the risks of not completing the mission on time and of being detected and restricting the variance imposed on flight duration. The model allows multiple path alternatives between target pairs and revisits to the same target regions. Computational experiments are performed on randomly generated instances to investigate the impact of problem parameters and mission restrictions. We also develop a case study with a military and a civilian application, each of which with different specifications. In addition, we validate that the actual performance of the optimal solution of the model is close to the result reported by the solver via a simulation study. We conclude that the developed model is robust and can be used for practical-sized missions, and the failure rate of its optimal routes in actual missions is negligibly small. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplementary Information [ https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1245 ] or is available from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC ) at [ http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7055494 .
Ex Post Path Choice Estimation for Urban Rail Systems Using Smart Card Data: An Aggregated Time-Space Hypernetwork Approach
Authors: Mo Baichuan , Ma Zhenliang , Koutsopoulos Haris N. , Zhao Jinhua 
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes an ex post path choice estimation framework for urban rail systems using an aggregated time-space hypernetwork approach. We aim to infer the actual passenger flow distribution in an urban rail system for any historical day using the observed automated fare collection (AFC) data. By incorporating a schedule-based dynamic transit network loading (SDTNL) model, the framework captures the crowding correlation among stations and the interaction between the path choice and passenger left behind, which is important for the path choice estimation in a “near-capacity” operated urban rail system. The path choice estimation is formulated as an optimization problem, which aims to minimize the difference between the model-derived and observed information with path choice parameters as decision variables. The original problem is intractable because of nonlinear (logit model) and nonanalytical (SDTNL) constraints. A solution procedure is proposed to decompose the original problem into three tractable subproblems, which can be solved efficiently. Solving the decomposed problem is equivalent to finding a fixed point. We prove that the solution to the original problem is the same as the decomposed problem (i.e., the fixed point) when passenger path choices follow the predefined behavior model. If this condition does not hold, the solution of the original problem is proved to be an “almost fixed point” for the decomposed problem. The model is validated using both synthetic and real-world AFC data from a major urban railway system. The analysis with synthetic data validates the model’s effectiveness in estimating path choice parameters and left behind probabilities, which outperforms state-of-art simulation-based optimization methods and probabilistic models in both accuracy and efficiency. The analysis using actual data shows that the estimated path shares are more reasonable than the baseline uniform path shares and survey-derived path shares. The model estimation is robust to different initial parameter values and AFC data from various dates. Funding: The project is partially funded by the TRENoP Strategic Research funding at KTH. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1177 .
Multidisciplinary management of an enamel–dentine crown fracture with insufficient inter-occlusal restorative space: A case report
Authors: Giudici Matthew , Flett Andrew , Legg Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Dental trauma occurs commonly in young patients, can be complex to treat and can have negative psychological and social impacts on patients' lives. This case report outlines a multidisciplinary team approach to restoration of a traumatized anterior tooth with delayed presentation, insufficient inter-occlusal space for restoration and history of multiple failed restorations. This case report demonstrates orthodontic and restorative techniques for the management of insufficient inter-occlusal space and the indirect restoration of a traumatized anterior tooth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A multidisciplinary team approach can be used to reorganize a patients' occlusion to provide the inter-occlusal space required to provide restorations.
Epstein-Barr Virus DNAemia and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Chang Yeh-Chung , Young Rebecca R. , Mavis Alisha M. , Chambers Eileen T. , Kirmani Sonya , Kelly Matthew S. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Smith Michael J. , Lugo Debra J. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients commonly have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia and are at risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). EBV DNAemia has not been analyzed on a continuous scale in this population.

Methods
All children ≤ 18 years of age who underwent SOT at a single center between January 1, 2007 and July 31, 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Transplant episodes in which PTLD occurred were compared to transplant episodes without PTLD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the development of EBV DNAemia and maximum height of EBV DNAemia. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios for time to PTLD.

Results
Of 275 total transplant recipients and 294 transplant episodes, there were 14 episodes of PTLD. Intestinal and multivisceral transplant were strongly associated with PTLD (p = 0.002). Risk factors for the development of EBV DNAemia include donor and recipient positive EBV serologies (p = 0.001) and older age (p = 0.001). Maximum level of EBV DNAemia was significantly associated with development of PTLD (p<0.0001). Every one log (log10) increase in the maximum level of EBV DNAemia was associated with a more than doubling of the hazard on developing PTLD (HR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.19–3.99).

Conclusions
Transplant type was strongly associated with development of PTLD in pediatric SOT recipients. EBV serologies and age were associated with the development of EBV DNAemia and height of DNAemia. High levels of EBV DNAemia were strongly associated with an increased hazard for PTLD.
Quantification of cytosol and membrane proteins in rumen epithelium of sheep with low or high CH4 emission phenotype
Authors: Bond J. J. , Donaldson A. J. , Woodgate S. , Kamath K. S. , Mckay M. J. , Wheeler D. , Tucker D. , Oddy V. H. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Ruminant livestock are a major contributor to Australian agricultural sector carbon emissions. Variation in methane (CH4) produced from enteric microbial fermentation of feed in the reticulo-rumen of sheep differs with different digestive functions.

Method
We isolated rumen epithelium enzymatically to extract membrane and cytosol proteins from sheep with high (H) and low (L) CH4 emission. Protein abundance was quantified using SWATH-mass spectrometry.

Results
The research found differences related to the metabolism of glucose, lactate and processes of cell defence against microbes in sheep from each phenotype. Enzymes in the methylglyoxal pathway, a side path of glycolysis, resulting in D-lactate production, differed in abundance. In the H CH4 rumen epithelium the enzyme hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (HAGH) was 2.56 fold higher in abundance, whereas in the L CH4 epithelium lactate dehydrogenase D (LDHD) was 1.93 fold higher. Malic enzyme 1 which converts D-lactate to pyruvate via the tricarboxylic cycle was 1.57 fold higher in the L CH4 phenotype. Other proteins that are known to regulate cell defence against microbes had differential abundance in the epithelium of each phenotype.

Conclusion
Differences in the abundance of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucose were associated with H and L CH4 phenotype sheep. Potentially this represents an opportunity to use protein markers in the rumen epithelium to select low CH4 emitting sheep.
Derivation and validation of a predictive model for chronic stress in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Malik Ali O. , Jones Philip G. , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Burg Matthew M. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Hejjaji Vittal , Tran Andy , Spertus John A. , Smolderen Kim G. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Chronic stress in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including peripheral artery disease (PAD), is independently associated worse outcomes. A model that can reliably identify factors associated with risk of chronic stress in patients with CVD is needed.

Methods
In a prospective myocardial infarction (MI) registry (TRIUMPH), we constructed a logistic regression model using 27 patient demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors, adjusting for site, to identify predictors of chronic stress over 1 year. Stress at baseline and at 1-, 6- and 12-month follow-up was measured using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) [range 0–16, scores ≥6 depicting high stress]. Chronic stress was defined as at least 2 follow-up PSS-4 scores ≥6. We identified and validated this final model in another prospective registry of patients with symptomatic PAD, the PORTRAIT study.

Results
Our derivation cohort consisted of 4,340 patients with MI (mean age 59.1 ± 12.3 years, 33% females, 30% non-white), of whom 30% had chronic stress at follow-up. Of the 27 factors examined, female sex, current smoking, socioeconomic status, and economic burden due to medical care were positively associated with chronic stress, and ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) score and age were inversely related to chronic stress. In the validation cohort of 797 PAD patients (mean age 68.6±9.7 years, 42% females, 28% non-white, 18% chronic stress) the c-statistic for the model was 0.77 and calibration was excellent.

Conclusions
We can reliably identify factors that are independently associated with risk of chronic stress in patients with CVD. As chronic stress is associated with worse outcomes in this population, our work identifies potential targets for interventions to as well as the patients that could benefit from these.
Health care use and spending for Medicaid patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder receiving primary care in Federally Qualified Health Centers and other primary care settings
Authors: Peterson Lauren , Murugesan Manoradhan , Nocon Robert , Hoang Hank , Bolton Joshua , Laiteerapong Neda , Pollack Harold , Marsh Jeanne 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
This nationwide study builds on prior research, which suggests that Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and other primary care providers are associated with increased access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. We compare health care utilization, spending, and quality for Medicaid patients diagnosed with OUD who receive primary care at FQHCs and Medicaid patients who receive most primary care in other settings, such as physician offices (non-FQHCs). We hypothesized that the integrated care model of FQHCs would be associated with greater access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and/or behavioral health therapy and lower rates of potentially inappropriate co-prescribing.

Methods
This cross-sectional study examined 2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract files for patients diagnosed with OUD receiving most (>50%) primary care at FQHCs (N = 37,142) versus non-FQHCs (N = 196,712) in all 50 states and Washington DC. We used propensity score overlap weighting to adjust for measurable confounding between patients who received care at FQHCs versus non-FQHCs and increase generalizability of findings given variation in Medicaid programs and substance use policies across states.

Results
FQHC patients displayed higher primary care utilization and fee-for-service spending, and similar or lower utilization and fee-for-service spending for other health service categories. Contrary to our hypotheses, non-FQHC patients were more likely to receive timely (≤90 days) MOUD (buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone, or suboxone) (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.12) and more likely be retained in medication treatment (>180 days) (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.14). However, non-FQHC patients were less likely to receive behavioral health therapy (mental health or substance use therapy) (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92) and less likely to remain in behavioral health treatment (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94). Non-FQHC patients were more likely to fill potentially inappropriate prescriptions of benzodiazepines and opioids after OUD diagnosis (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.40).

Conclusions
Observed patterns suggest that Medicaid patients diagnosed with OUD who obtained primary care at FQHCs received more integrated care compared to non-FQHC patients. Greater care integration may be associated with increased access to behavioral health therapy and quality of care (lower potentially inappropriate co-prescribing) but not necessarily greater access to MOUD.
Diagnostic accuracy of multiorgan point-of-care ultrasound compared with pulmonary computed tomographic angiogram in critically ill patients with suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Girardi Adriana M. , Turra Eduardo E. , Loreto Melina , Albuquerque Regis , Garcia Tiago S. , Rech Tatiana H. , Gazzana Marcelo B. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Critically ill patients have a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) than non-critically ill patients, yet no diagnostic algorithm has been validated in this population, leading to the overuse of pulmonary artery computed tomographic angiogram (CTA). This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) combined with laboratory data versus CTA in predicting PE in critically ill patients.

Methods
A prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Critically ill patients with suspected acute PE undergoing CTA were prospectively enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Blood samples were collected, and the Wells and revised Geneva scores were calculated. Standardized multiorgan POCUS and CTA were performed. The discriminatory power of multiorgan POCUS combined with biochemical markers was tested using ROC curves, and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 88 patients were included, and 37 (42%) had PE. Multivariate analysis showed a relative risk (RR) of PE of 2.79 (95% CI, 1.61–4.84) for the presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, of 2.54 (95% CI, 0.89–7.20) for D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL, and of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.12–2.63) for the absence of an alternative diagnosis to PE on lung POCUS or chest radiograph. The combination with the highest diagnostic accuracy for PE included the following variables: 1– POCUS transthoracic echocardiography with evidence of RV dysfunction; 2– lung POCUS or chest radiograph without an alternative diagnosis to PE; and 3– plasma D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL. Combining these three findings resulted in an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77–0.94), with 50% sensitivity and 96% specificity.

Conclusions
Multiorgan POCUS combined with laboratory data has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for PE compared with CTA. The combined use of these methods might reduce CTA overuse in critically ill patients.
Intensive versus conservative glycemic control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A protocol for systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yi , Sun Xia-xuan , Du Wen-ya , Chen Ting-ting , Lv Meng 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are common during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and are associated with a variety of postoperative outcomes. Therefore, the strategy of intraoperative glycemic control is an important issue for the patients undergoing CABG. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of different intraoperative glycemic control strategies on postoperative outcomes.

Methods and analyses
We will perform this systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Relevant studies will be searched in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and quality assessment. The primary outcome is postoperative mortality, and the secondary outcomes include the duration of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU), the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction (MI), the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), the type and volume of blood product transfusion, the rate of rehospitalization, the rate of cerebrovascular accident, the rate of significant postoperative bleeding, the rate of infection, the incidence of acute kidney failure (AKF), hospital and ICU lengths of stay (LOS). ReviewManager 5.4 will be used for data management and statistical analysis. The Cochrane risk-of -bias tool 2.0 and GRADEpro will be applied for risk of bias and quality assessment of the evidence.

Discussion
There is no consensus that which strategy of glycemic control is better for improving postoperative complications of patients undergoing CABG. The results of our study might provide some evidence for the relationship between intraoperative glycemic control strategies and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing CABG.