bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitatory neurons in paraventricular hypothalamus contributed to the mechanism underlying acupuncture regulating the swallowing function
Authors: Yuan Si , Deng Bing , Ye Qiuping , Wu Zhennan , Wu Junshang , Wang Lin , Xu Qin , Yao Lulu , Xu Nenggui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParaventricular hypothalamus (PVH) is demonstrated to regulate stress, feeding behaviors, and other related homeostatic processes. However, no direct evidence has been investigated for the role of PVH in swallowing function. Acupuncture therapy at Lianquan (CV23) acupoint has been reported to improve the swallowing function in clinical trials, but its underlying mechanism still needs to be uncovered. Thus, we aimed to explore whether PVH involved the acupuncture mediated regulating swallowing function. Chemogenetics, electromyography (EMG) recording, and immunofluorescence staining methods were combined to demonstrate that neurons in PVH could be activated by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at CV23, and this neuronal cluster was represented as excitatory neurons. Furthermore, we mapped both the inputs and outputs of PVH neurons using viral tracing. The neurons in PVH projected with the brain regions, including parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), which both participated in the swallowing process. The EA function regulating the swallowing was attenuated after inhibiting the neurons in PVH in the post stroke dysphagia. In conclusion, this study suggested that EA at CV23 could regulate swallowing function involving the excitatory neurons in PVH.
Tunable photoluminescence and energy transfer of Eu3+,Ho3+-doped Ca0.05Y1.93-xO2 nanophosphors for warm white LEDs applications
Authors: Dwivedi Arpita , Srivastava Monika , Srivastava Amit , Upadhyay Chandan , Srivastava Sanjay Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of Eu3+ ions doped Ca0.05Y1.93-xO3:0.02Ho3+ (CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+) nanophosphors having multicolour tuneability have been synthesised by following a simplistic solution combustion approach. The synthesised samples have been characterised by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical properties have been engrossed by UV–visible and photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra, and decay lifetimes measurements. The characteristic emission, which occurs due to the f-f transition of Ho3+ and Eu3+ has been observed in emission spectra with excitation of 448 nm. By adjusting the doping ratio of Ho3+/Eu3+, the as-synthesized nanophosphor accomplishes multicolour tunability from green-yellow to red. Emission spectra and decay lifetime curve recommend dipole–dipole interaction causes energy transfer from Ho3+ → Eu3+. The energy transfer process from Ho3+ to Eu3+ has been confirmed through electric dipole–dipole interaction with critical distance 15.146 Å. Moreover, temperature dependent emission spectra show the high thermal stability with an activation energy ⁓ 0.21 eV, with the quantum efficiency of 83.6%. CIE coordinate illustrates that the singly doped Ho3+ and Eu3+ lie in the green and red region, respectively, while the as-synthesized CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+shows tunability from green to red with low CCT and high colour purity values. Hence, the CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+nanophosphor may be a near-UV excited multicolour colour-tunable pertinent candidate with potential prospects for multicolour- display and near-ultraviolet lighting applications.
Site specific incidence rate of genomic subtypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and association with enteric inflammation and child growth
Authors: Das Rina , Palit Parag , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Mahfuz Mustafa , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of information highlighting the possible association between the genomic subtypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) on environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and on linear growth during childhood. Genomic subtypes of EPEC from stool samples collected from 1705 children enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort were detected by TaqMan Array Cards. We measured site-specific incidence rate by using Poisson regression models, identified the risk factors and estimated the association of genomic subtypes of EPEC with the composite EED score and linear growth at 24 months of age. In general, the highest incidence rate (39%) was found among children having aEPEC infection, which was the greatest in Tanzania (54%). Exclusive breastfeeding and having an improved sanitation facility were found to be protective factors against EPEC infection. In the multivariate models, in overall effect after adjusting for the potential covariates aEPEC showed strong positive associations with the EED scores and tEPEC showed a positive association with poor linear growth at 24 months of age. Our analyses may lay the cornerstone for a prospective epidemiologic investigation for a potential vaccine development aimed at reducing the burden of EPEC infections and combat childhood malnutrition.
The prognostic value of the Naples prognostic score for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Peng Si-Min , Ren Jin-Jin , Yu Na , Xu Jia-Ying , Chen Guo-Chong , Li Xiaodong , Li Da-Peng , Yang Jing , Li Zeng-Ning , Zhang Yu-Song , Qin Li-Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Naples prognostic score (NPS) is an effective inflammatory and nutritional scoring system widely applied as a prognostic factor in various cancers. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the NPS in patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We prospectively collected 395 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between January 2016 and December 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. Patients were divided into three groups according to their pretreatment NPS (Group 0: NPS = 0; Group 1: NPS = 1–2; Group 2: NPS = 3–4). Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that patients with higher NPS had a poorer overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) (both P < 0.05). NPS was further confirmed as an independent prognostic factors of OS and PFS by multivariable survival analysis (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, stratifying by TNM stage, NPS also has significant predictive performance for OS and PFS in both early (I–IIIA) and advanced (IIIB–IV) stage NSCLC (all P < 0.05). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that NPS was more superior to other prognostic factors in predicting OS and PFS. In conclusion, NPS may serve as an effective indicator to predict OS and PFS in NSCLC patients regardless of TNM stage.
Single-cell reconstruction reveals input patterns and pathways into corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the central amygdala in mice
Authors: Huang Chuan , Wang Yu , Chen Peng , Shan Qing-Hong , Wang Hao , Ding Lu-Feng , Bi Guo-Qiang , Zhou Jiang-Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are one of the most densely distributed cell types in the central amygdala (CeA), and are involved in a wide range of behaviors including anxiety and learning. However, the fundamental input circuits and patterns of CeA-CRF neurons are still unclear. Here, we generate a monosynaptic-input map onto CeA-CRF neurons at single-cell resolution via a retrograde rabies-virus system. We find all inputs are located in 44 nested subregions that directly innervate CeA-CRF neurons; most of them are top-down convergent inputs expressing Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and are centralized in cortex, especially in the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex, which may directly relay information from the thalamus. While the bottom-up divergent inputs have the highest proportion of glutamate decarboxylase expression. Finally, en passant structures of single input neuron are revealed by in-situ reconstruction in a modified 3D-reference atlas, represented by a Periaqueductal gray-Subparafascicular nucleus-Subthalamic nucleus-Globus pallidus-Caudoputamen-CeA pathway. Taken together, our findings provide morphological and connectivity properties of inputs onto CeA-CRF neurons, which may provide insights for future studies interrogating circuit mechanisms of CeA-CRF neurons in mediating various functions.
Multimode polariton effects on molecular energy transport and spectral fluctuations
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the potential paradigm breaking capability of microcavities to control chemical processes, the extent to which photonic devices change properties of molecular materials is still unclear, in part due to challenges in modeling hybrid light-matter excitations delocalized over many length scales. We overcome these challenges for a photonic wire under strong coupling with a molecular ensemble. Our simulations provide a detailed picture of the effect of photonic wires on spectral and transport properties of a disordered molecular material. We find stronger changes to the probed molecular observables when the cavity is redshifted relative to the molecules and energetic disorder is weak. These trends are expected to hold also in higher-dimensional cavities, but are not captured with theories that only include a single cavity-mode. Therefore, our results raise important issues for future experiments and model building focused on unraveling new ways to manipulate chemistry with optical cavities.
Micro-object pose estimation with sim-to-real transfer learning using small dataset
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Barbot Antoine , Seichepine Florent , Lo Frank P.-W. , Bai Wenjia , Yang Guang-Zhong , Lo Benny 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) pose estimation of micro/nano-objects is essential for the implementation of automatic manipulation in micro/nano-robotic systems. However, out-of-plane pose estimation of a micro/nano-object is challenging, since the images are typically obtained in 2D using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an optical microscope (OM). Traditional deep learning based methods require the collection of a large amount of labeled data for model training to estimate the 3D pose of an object from a monocular image. Here we present a sim-to-real learning-to-match approach for 3D pose estimation of micro/nano-objects. Instead of collecting large training datasets, simulated data is generated to enlarge the limited experimental data obtained in practice, while the domain gap between the generated and experimental data is minimized via image translation based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) model. A learning-to-match approach is used to map the generated data and the experimental data to a low-dimensional space with the same data distribution for different pose labels, which ensures effective feature embedding. Combining the labeled data obtained from experiments and simulations, a new training dataset is constructed for robust pose estimation. The proposed method is validated with images from both SEM and OM, facilitating the development of closed-loop control of micro/nano-objects with complex shapes in micro/nano-robotic systems.
Societal drought vulnerability and the Syrian climate-conflict nexus are better explained by agriculture than meteorology
Authors: Eklund Lina , Theisen Ole Magnus , Baumann Matthias , Forø Tollefsen Andreas , Kuemmerle Tobias , Østergaard Nielsen Jonas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDroughts are often suspected to increase the risk of violent conflict through agricultural production shocks, and existing studies often explore these links through meteorological proxies. In Syria, an alleged agricultural collapse caused by drought is assumed to have contributed to increased migration and the conflict outbreak in 2011. Here we use satellite derived cropland and climate data to study land use dynamics in relation to drought and conflict in Syria. We show that claims of an agricultural collapse cannot be substantiated as croplands saw a fast recovery after the 2007–2009 drought. Our study highlights the importance of considering land-use dynamics for understanding linkages between meteorological droughts, agricultural impacts, migration and conflict. Furthermore, our results suggest that the influential drought-migration-conflict narrative for Syria needs to be reexamined, with implications for wider discussions of how climate change might alter conflict risk.
The conterminous United States are projected to become more prone to flash floods in a high-end emissions scenario
Authors: Li Zhi , Gao Shang , Chen Mengye , Gourley Jonathan J. , Liu Changhai , Prein Andreas F. , Hong Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlash floods are largely driven by high rainfall rates in convective storms that are projected to increase in frequency and intensity in a warmer climate in the future. However, quantifying the changes in future flood flashiness is challenging due to the lack of high-resolution climate simulations. Here we use outputs from a continental convective-permitting numerical weather model at 4-km and hourly resolution and force a numerical hydrologic model at a continental scale to depict such change. As results indicate, US floods are becoming 7.9% flashier by the end of the century assuming a high-emissions scenario. The Southwest (+10.5%) has the greatest increase in flashiness among historical flash flood hot spots, and the central US (+8.6%) is emerging as a new flash flood hot spot. Additionally, future flash flood-prone frontiers are advancing northwards. This study calls on implementing climate-resilient mitigation measures for emerging flash flood hot spots.
Anisotropic thermal expansion and electronic transitions in the Co3BO5 ludwigite
Authors: Kazak Natalia , Arauzo Ana , Bartolomé Juan , Molokeev Maxim , Dudnikov Vyacheslav , Solovyov Leonid , Borus Andrew , Ovchinnikov Sergei 
Published: April 2022

The thermal expansion affects the electronic state of Co3+ ions triggering the spin-state crossover and following the charge-ordering transition without changing the symmetry.
Resilience assessment methodologies and enhancement strategies of multi‐energy cyber‐physical systems of the distribution network
Authors: Yang Baijie , Ge Shaoyun , Liu Hong , Li Junkai , Zhang Shida 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural disasters and cyber intrusions threaten the normal operation of the critical Multi‐Energy Systems (MESs) infrastructures. There is still no universally‐accepted definition of MESs resilience under the integration of cyber and physical, and lack of a widely accepted methodology to quantify and assess the resilience in MESs. Hence, this paper introduces an extensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art research of power systems’ resilience. Then, this work proposes the definition of the Multi‐Energy Cyber‐Physical Systems (MECPSs) resilience and its related characteristics. To improve the resilience of MECPSs, this paper investigates extreme natural disaster models and analyses the vulnerability of the system to find the key constraint factors. Furthermore, this work presents the qualitative assessment curve, quantitative indexes, and assessment framework of the MECPSs resilience. Finally, the key improvement measures for the planning and operation of MECPSs resilience and the focus of future research are presented.
An ultra high step‐up DC‐DC converter based on VMC, POSLLC, and boost converter
Authors: Mahdizadeh Saeed , Gholizadeh Hossein , Shahrivar Reza Sharifi , Afjei Ebrahim , Mosallanejad Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, an ultra‐high step‐up DC‐DC converter has been proposed. The topology of the converter is a combination of a cascaded boost converter, positive output super lift Luo converter (POS LLC), and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC). The lower values of the duty cycle provide a more than 10 times voltage gain. Consequently, the high voltage gain has been provided beside the lower value of the voltage/current stress of the semiconductor and an acceptable value of the efficiency. With a detailed look, it can be understood the voltage gain and efficiency of the converter have become 12 times and 90.5% based on the experimental results while the percentage of the duty cycle has become 50%. Moreover, by the mentioned percentage of the duty cycle, the normalized value of the voltage/current stress of the semiconductors has become lower than 50% by exception of only 3 semiconductor‐based components which have voltage/current stresses more than 50% and lower than the unity. In addition to all the mentioned advantages, the input current has remained continuous which solves the challenges of the input filter's capacitor. Moreover, the voltage/current stresses have been kept low‐valued. The ideal mode of the topology has been discussed for both continuous/discontinuous current modes. The non‐ideal mode of the topology and its related comparisons have been done. A comparison of the voltage/current stresses of the semiconductor‐based components has been done. Moreover, the comparison of the losses and efficiency have been done for the proposed converter and recently suggested topologies. In addition, the efficiency has been discussed for the different values of its effective factors and the resulted behavior has been expressed. Finally, the simulation and experimental outcomes have been extracted for a 120 W output power and compared with the theoretical relations' results.
Analytical prediction of the flux reversal permanent magnet machine with Halbach array magnets in rotor slot considering saturation
Authors: Zhao Fei , Yang Kuang , Zhang Chengming , Li Liyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presents an improved sub‐domain analytical model for the characteristic evaluation of the flux reversal permanent magnet machine with Halbach array magnets (FRPMM‐HAM) in rotor slot. The influence of iron saturation is considered by equating iron reluctances into airgap. Based on the different material magnetic permeabilities, the FRPMM‐HAM is divided into several regions, including slots, permanent magnets (PMs), airgap and so on. By solving the Maxwell equations in polar coordinate for each region according to the boundary conditions, the vector magnetic potential can be derived. According to the vector magnetic potential, the airgap flux density distributions are predicted and the electromagnetic characteristics are calculated. The average magnetic density of the tooth and yoke is combined with the Bertotti model to calculate the iron loss. Besides, the eddy current loss of PMs is also calculated. The accuracy of analytical results is validated via the finite element method (FEM).
Fast principal component analysis‐based detection of small targets in sea clutter
Authors: Li Jing‐Yi , Shui Peng‐Lang , Guo Zi‐Xun , Xu Shu‐Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAiming at fast small target detection in high‐resolution maritime surveillance radars, this letter proposes a fast detection method using multiple salient features extracted from radar returns and principal component analysis (PCA) in the feature space. It consists of offline clutter feature subspace selection and online fast decision. The PCA of the training feature vectors of sea clutter is computed to generate the recombined features for compact representation of sea clutter features, and the training feature vectors of simulated target returns plus sea clutter are used to find the optimal clutter feature subspace spanned by significant recombined features. The distance of a feature vector under test from the optimal clutter feature subspace is used as the test statistic for fast online decision. Experimental results on the recognised and open IPIX and CSIR radar databases show that the proposed detector reduces decision time up to two scales of magnitude and keeps competitive performance in comparison with the existing feature‐based detectors.
Long-term scintillation studies of EPTA pulsars
Authors: Liu Yulan , Verbiest Joris P. W. , Main Robert A. , Wu Ziwei , Ambalappat Krishnakumar Moochickal , Champion David J. , Cognard Ismaël , Guillemot Lucas , Gaikwad Madhuri , Janssen Gemma H. , Kramer Michael , Keith Michael J. , Karuppusamy Ramesh , Künkel Lars , Liu Kuo , McKee James W. , Mickaliger Mitchell B. , Stappers Ben W. , Shaifullah Golam. M. , Theureau Gilles 
Published: April 2022

Context. Interstellar scintillation analysis of pulsars allows us to probe the small-scale distribution and inhomogeneities of the ionized interstellar medium. From the frequency scale of scintillation, one can estimate the geometric time delays from multipath propagation, a source of (typically) unmodeled, correlated noise in pulsar timing. Interstellar scintillation analysis of well-timed pulsars is useful to quantify the effects of time delays and may lead to improved timing precision, enhancing the probability of detecting gravitational waves.
Aims. Our priority is to present the data set and the basic measurements of scintillation parameters of pulsars, employing long-term scintillation observations carried out from 2011 January to 2020 August by the European Pulsar Timing Array radio telescopes in the 21-cm and 11-cm bands. Additionally, we aim to identify future possible lines of study using this long-term scintillation data set.
Methods. The autocorrelation function of dynamic spectra has been used to estimate the scintillation bandwidth vd and scintillation timescale τd.
Results. We present the long-term time series of vd and τd for 13 pulsars. Sanity checks and comparisons indicate that the scintillation parameters of our work and previously published works are mostly consistent. For two pulsars, PSRs J1857+0943 and J1939+2134, we were able to obtain measurements of the vd at both bands, which allowed us to derive the time series of frequency scaling indices with a mean and a standard deviation of 2.82 ± 1.95 and 3.18 ± 0.60, respectively. We found some interesting features which will be studied in more detail in subsequent papers in this series: (i) in the time series of PSR J1939+2134, where vd and τd sharply decrease associated with a sharp increase in the dispersion measure; (ii) PSR J0613-0200 and PSR J0636+5126 show a strong annual variation in the time series of the τd; and (iii) PSR J1939+2134 shows a weak anticorrelation between the scintillation timescale and the dispersion in Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope data.
Post-Newtonian gravity and Gaia-like astrometry
Authors: Butkevich Alexey G. , Vecchiato Alberto , Bucciarelli Beatrice , Gai Mario , Crosta Mariateresa , Lattanzi Mario G. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Relativistic models of light propagation adopted for high-precision astrometry are based on the parametrised post-Newtonian formalism, which provides a framework for examining the effects of a hypothetical violation of general relativity on astrometric data. Astrometric observations are strongly affected by the post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter γ describing the strength of gravitational light deflection.
Aims. We study both analytically and numerically how a deviation in the PPN parameter γ from unity, which is the value predicted by general relativity, affects the parallax estimations in Gaia-like astrometry.
Methods. Changes in the observable quantities produced by a small variation in PPN γ were calculated analytically. We then considered how such variations of the observables are reflected in the parallax estimations, and we performed numerical simulations to check the theoretical predictions.
Results. A variation in the PPN γ results in a global shift of parallaxes and we present a formula describing the parallax bias in terms of the satellite barycentric distance, the angle between the spin axis and the direction to the Sun, and the PPN γ uncertainty. Numerical simulations of the astrometric solutions confirm the theoretical result. The up-to-date estimation of PPN γ suggests that a corresponding contribution to the Gaia parallax zero point unlikely exceeds 0.2 μas. The numerical simulations indicate that the parallax shift is strongly dependent on ecliptic latitude. It is argued that this effect is due to an asymmetry in the Gaia scanning law and this conclusion is fully validated by additional simulations with a reversed direction of the precession of the spin axis around the direction to the Sun.