bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group problem management plus (PM+) to decrease psychological distress among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Acarturk C. , Uygun E. , Ilkkursun Z. , Yurtbakan T. , Kurt G. , Adam-Troian J. , Senay I. , Bryant R. , Cuijpers P. , Kiselev N. , McDaid D. , Morina N. , Nisanci Z. , Park A. L. , Sijbrandij M. , Ventevogel P. , Fuhr D. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSyrian refugees resettled in Turkey show a high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is an effective psychological intervention delivered by non-specialist health care providers which has shown to decrease psychological distress among people exposed to adversity. In this single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial, we examined the methodological trial procedures of Group PM+ (gPM+) among Syrian refugees with psychological distress in Istanbul, Turkey, and assessed feasibility, acceptability, perceived impact and the potential cost-effectiveness of the intervention.MethodsRefugees with psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10 > 15) and impaired psychosocial functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS 2.0 > 16) were recruited from the community and randomised to either gPM+ and enhanced care as usual (E-CAU) (n = 24) or E-CAU only (n = 22). gPM+ comprised of five weekly group sessions with eight to ten participants per group. Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention were assessed through semi-structured interviews. The primary outcome at 3-month follow-up was symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25). Psychosocial functioning (WHODAS 2.0), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and self-identified problems (Psychological Outcomes Profiles, PSYCHLOPS) were included as secondary outcomes. A modified version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory was used to document changes in the costs of health service utilisation as well as productivity losses.ResultsThere were no barriers experienced in recruiting study participants and in randomising them into the respective study arms. Retention in gPM+ was high (75%). Qualitative analyses of the interviews with the participants showed that Syrian refugees had a positive view on the content, implementation and format of gPM+. No adverse events were reported during the implementation. The study was not powered to detect an effect. No significant difference between gPM+ and E-CAU group on primary and secondary outcome measures, or in economic impacts were found.ConclusionsgPM+ delivered by non-specialist peer providers seemed to be an acceptable, feasible and safe intervention for Syrian refugees in Turkey with elevated levels of psychological distress. This pilot RCT sets the stage for a fully powered RCT.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifierNCT03567083; date: 25/06/2018.
Community suicide rates and related factors within a surveillance platform in Western Kenya
Authors: Ongeri Linnet , Larsen David A. , Jenkins Rachel , Shaw Andrea , Connolly Hannah , Lyon James , Kariuki Symon , Penninx Brenda , Newton Charles R. , Sifuna Peter , Ogutu Bernhards 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Suicide is an important contributor to the burden of mental health disorders, but community-based suicide data are scarce in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Kenya. Available data on suicide underestimates the true burden due to underreporting related to stigma and legal restrictions, and under-representation of those not utilizing health facilities.

Methods
We estimated the cumulative incidence of suicide via verbal autopsies from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Kisumu County, Kenya. We then used content analysis of open history forms among deaths coded as accidents to identify those who likely died by suicide but were not coded as suicide deaths. We finally conducted a case-control study of suicides (both verbal autopsy confirmed and likely suicides) compared to accident-caused deaths to assess factors associated with suicide in this HDSS.

Results
A total of 33 out of 4306 verbal autopsies confirmed suicide as the cause of death. Content analysis of a further 228 deaths originally attributed to accidents identified 39 additional likely suicides. The best estimate of suicide-specific mortality rate was 14.7 per 100,000 population per year (credibility window = 11.3 – 18.0). The most common reported method of death was self-poisoning (54%). From the case-control study interpersonal difficulties and stressful life events were associated with increased odds of suicide in both confirmed suicides and confirmed combined with suspected suicides. Other pertinent factors such as age and being male differed depending upon which outcome was used.

Conclusion
Suicide is common in this area, and interventions are needed to address drivers. The twofold increase in the suicide-specific mortality rate following incorporation of misattributed suicide deaths exemplify underreporting and misclassification of suicide cases at community level. Further, verbal autopsies may underreport suicide specifically among older and female populations.
Characteristics of persons who died by suicide in prison in France: 2017–2018
Authors: Vanhaesebrouck Alexis , Tostivint Amélie , Lefèvre Thomas , Melchior Maria , Khireddine-Medouni Imane , Chee Christine Chan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn northern countries, suicide rates among prisoners are at least three times higher for men and nine times higher for women than in the general population. The objective of this study is to describe the sociodemographic, penal, health characteristics and circumstances of suicide of French prisoners who died by suicide.MethodsThis study is an intermediate analysis of the French epidemiological surveillance program of suicides in prison. All suicides in prison in 2017–2018 in France were included in the study. Archival sociodemographic and penal data and specific data on the circumstances of the suicidal act were provided by the National Prison Service. Health data was provided by physicians working in prison using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsIn 2017–2018, 235 prisoners died by suicide. The suicide rate was 16.8/10 000 person-years. Among suicide cases, 94.9% were male, 27.2% were under 30, 25.1% were aged 30 to 39, 27.7% were aged 40 to 49 and 20.0% were 50 or older. At the time of suicide, 48.5% were on custodial remand. Incarceration is associated with a threefold increase in the frequency of anxio-depressive disorders (24.6% in prison versus 8.2% before prison). The week before the suicidal act, 60% of prisoners visited the health unit and a significant event was detected for 61% of all cases. Suicide was less than 1 week after prison entry for 11.9% of prisoners, corresponding to a suicide rate 6.4 (CI95%[4.3 – 9.5]) times higher than for the remaining time in prison, and was more than 1 year after entry for 33.7% of them.ConclusionsThe high frequency of events the week before suicide in our study suggests that events in prison could play a role in the occurrence of suicides. Comparative studies are needed to further explore the time association between events and suicide in prison. As most of prisoners who died by suicide visited the health unit the week before suicide, the identification of triggering factors could help psychiatrists and other health professionals to assess the short-term risk of suicide and to implement preventive measures.
Predictors and outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China
Authors: Zhang Pan , Chen Bi , Lou Heqing , Zhu Yanan , Chen Peipei , Dong Zongmei , Zhu Xuan , Li Ting , Lou Peian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
“Overlap syndrome” refers to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has poorer outcomes than either condition alone. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and possible predictors of overlap syndrome and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with COPD.

Methods
We assessed the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), COPD assessment test (CAT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and performed spirometry and full overnight polysomnography in all patients. An apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events per hour was considered to indicate OSA. Risk factors for OSA in COPD patients were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 556 patients (66%) had an AHI ≥ 5 events per hour. There were no significant differences in age, sex ratio, mMRC score, smoking index, number of acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in the last year, and prevalence of cor pulmonale between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, CAT score, CCI, ESS, HADS, and SBQ scores, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, FEV1% pred, FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes were all significantly higher and the prevalence of severe COPD was significantly lower in the COPD-OSA group compared with the COPD group (p < 0.05). BMI, neck circumference, ESS, CAT, CCI, HADS, hypertension, and diabetes were independent risk factors for OSA in COPD patients (p < 0.05). SBQ could be used for OSA screening in patients with COPD. Patients with severe COPD had a lower risk of OSA compared with patients with mild or moderate COPD (β =  − 0.459, odds ratio = 0.632, 95% confidence interval 0.401–0.997, p = 0.048).

Conclusion
Patients with overlap syndrome had a poorer quality of life, more daytime sleepiness, and a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes than patients with COPD alone. BMI, neck circumference, ESS, CAT, CCI, HADS, hypertension, and diabetes were independent risk factors for OSA in patients with COPD. The risk of OSA was lower in patients with severe, compared with mild or moderate COPD.
The discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized hallux valgus in a large population-based cohort
Authors: Matsumoto Takumi , Higuchi Junya , Maenohara Yuji , Chang Song Ho , Iidaka Toshiko , Horii Chiaki , Oka Hiroyuki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Munehito , Nakamura Kozo , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There has been a paucity of literature revealing the discrepancy between self-recognition about hallux valgus (HV) and radiographically-evaluated foot configuration. Knowing this discrepancy will help to make a comparative review of the findings of previous literatures about epidemiological studies about the prevalence of HV.

Questions/purposes
(1) Is there a discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV in the general population? (2) What factors affect the self-recognition of HV in the general population?

Methods
The fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability study involved 1996 participants who had undergone anterior-posterior radiography of bilateral feet and answered a simple dichotomous questionnaire on self-recognition of HV. Measurements of the HV angle (HVA), interphalangeal angle of the hallux (IPA), and intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (IMA) were performed using radiographs. Radiographic diagnosis of HV was done using the definition of hallux valgus angle of 20° or more. After univariate comparison of the participant backgrounds and radiographic measurements between participants with or without self-recognition of HV, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to reveal independent factors affecting self-recognition.

Results
Significant difference was found between the prevalence of radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV (29.8% vs. 16.5%, p <  0.0001). The prevalence of self-recognized HV increased with the progression of HV severity from a single-digit percentage (normal grade, HVA < 20°) up to 100% (severe grade, HVA ≥ 40°). A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HVA, IMA, and female sex were independent positive factors for self-recognition of HV (HVA [per 1° increase]: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15–1.20; p <  0.0001; IMA [per 1° increase]: OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.20; p <  0.0001; and female sex [vs. male sex]: OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 2.35–5.18; p <  0.0001).

Conclusions
There was a significant discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV which narrowed with the progressing severity of HV. HVA, IMA, and female sex were independent positive factors for self-recognition of HV. Attention needs to be paid to potentially lowered prevalence of HV in epidemiological studies using self-reporting based on self-recognition.
Urinary manifestations in African American and Caucasian inflammatory bowel disease patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Herbert Jake , Teeter Emily , Burstiner Landen Shane , Doka Ralfi , Royer Amor , Owings Anna H. , Liu Julia , Glover Sarah C. , Hosseini-Carroll Pegah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are associated with urinary extra-intestinal manifestations, like urolithiasis and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The literature reviewed for this study identifies an increased association of CD and urolithiasis against the general population as well as UC. Furthermore, the rates in which urinary comorbidities manifest have not been well characterized in cross-race analyses. The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence of common urinary extra-intestinal manifestations in CD and UC and to further determine at what rate these affect the African American and Caucasian populations.

Methodology
This is a retrospective cohort study using de-identified data collected from a research data base that included 6 integrated facilities associated with one tertiary healthcare center from 2012 to 2019. The electronic chart records for 3104 Caucasian and African American IBD patients were reviewed for frequency of urolithiasis and uncomplicated UTI via diagnosed ICD-10 codes. Comparison between data groups was made using multivariate regressions, t-tests, and chi square tests.

Results
Our study included 3104 patients of which 59% were female, 38% were African American, and 43% were diagnosed with UC. Similar proportions of UC and CD diagnosed patients developed urolithiasis (6.0% vs 6.7%, p = 0.46), as well as uncomplicated UTIs (15.6% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.56). Similar proportions of African American and Caucasian patients developed urolithiasis (5.4% vs 7.0%, p = 0.09), but a higher proportion of African Americans developed uncomplicated UTIs (19.4% vs 12.6%, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
We found similar rates of urolithiasis formation in both UC and CD in this study. Furthermore, these rates were not significantly different between African American and Caucasian IBD populations. This suggests that UC patients have an elevated risk of urolithiasis formation as those patients with CD. Additionally, African Americans with IBD have a higher frequency of uncomplicated UTI as compared to their Caucasian counterparts.
Palliative care in the pre-hospital service in Brazil: experiences of health professionals
Authors: Boaventura Jacqueline Resende , Pessalacia Juliana Dias Reis , Ribeiro Aridiane Alves , de Souza Fabiana Bolela , da Silva Neto Priscila Kelly , Marinho Maristela Rodrigues 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
An integrated care network between emergency, specialized and primary care services can prevent repeated hospitalizations and the institutionalized death of terminally ill patients in palliative care (PC). To identify the perception of health professionals regarding the concept of PC and their care experiences with this type of patient in a pre-hospital care (PHC) service in Brazil.

Methods
Study with a qualitative approach, of interpretative nature, based on the perspective of Ricoeur’s Dialectical Hermeneutics.

Results
Three central themes emerged out of the professionals’ speeches: (1) unpreparedness of the team, (2) decision making, and (3) dysthanasia.

Conclusions
It is necessary to invest in professional training associated with PC in the home context and its principles, such as: affirming life and considering death as a normal process not rushing or postponing death; integrating the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient and family care, including grief counseling and improved quality of life, adopting a specific policy for PC that involves all levels of care, including PHC, and adopt a unified information system, as well as more effective procedures that favor the respect for the patients’ will, without generating dissatisfaction to the team and the family.
Virtual patient simulation to improve nurses’ relational skills in a continuing education context: a convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Rouleau Geneviève , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Côté José , Richard Lauralie , Chicoine Gabrielle , Pelletier Jérôme 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Effective provider-patient communication is crucial to the delivery of high-quality care. Communication roadblock such as righting reflex is widely observed among providers and can lead to relational disengagement. In previous work, nurses felt ill-equipped to communicate effectively with HIV-positive patients to support medication adherence. Providing nurses with continuing education opportunities to improve their relational skills is a major target for optimizing the quality of care. Virtual patient simulation is one promising strategy that needs to be evaluated among graduate nurses. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of a virtual patient simulation to improve nurses’ relational skills in a continuing education context.

Methods
We conducted a convergent mixed methods study by combining a quantitative pre-experimental, one-group post-test design and a qualitative exploratory study. We used convenience and snowball sampling approaches to select registered nurses (n = 49) working in Quebec, Canada. Participants completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire, consulted the automated virtual patient simulation (informed by motivational interviewing), and filled out an online post-test survey. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, median, interquartile range) were used to present quantitative findings. From the 27 participants who completed the simulation and post-test survey, five participated in a focus group to explore their learning experience. The discussion transcript was subjected to thematic analysis. At the final stage of the study, we used a comparison strategy for the purpose of integrating the quantitative and qualitative results.

Results
Nurses perceived the simulation to be highly acceptable. They rated the global system quality and the technology acceptance with high scores. They reported having enjoyed the simulation and recommended other providers use it. Four qualitative themes were identified: motivations to engage in the simulation-based research; learning in a realistic, immersive, and non-judgmental environment; perceived utility of the simulation; and perceived difficulty in engaging in the simulation-based research.

Conclusions
The simulation contributed to knowledge and skills development on motivational interviewing and enhanced nurses’ self-confidence in applying relational skills. Simulation holds the potential to change practice, as nurses become more self-reflective and aware of the impact of their relational skills on patient care.

Trial registration
ISRCTN18243005, retrospectively registered on July 3 2020.
Training needs assessment for practicing pediatric critical care nurses in Malawi to inform the development of a specialized master’s education pathway: a cohort study
Authors: Renning Kelsey , van de Water Brittney , Brandstetter Shelley , Kasitomu Chisomo , Gowero Netsayi , Simbota Miriam , Majamanda Maureen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Significant improvements in under-five mortality in Malawi have been demonstrated over the past thirty years; however, Malawian healthcare remains with gaps in availability and access to quality pediatric critical care nursing training and education. To improve expertise of pediatric critical care nurses in Malawi, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), and Mercy James Center (MJC) entered a partnership with Seed Global Health, a US non-governmental organization. A needs assessment was conducted to understand the training needs of nurses currently working in pediatric critical care and in preparation for the development of a specialized Master’s in Child Health pathway in Pediatric Critical Care (PCC) Nursing at KUHeS.

Methods
The needs assessment was completed using a survey questionnaire formatted using an ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure) framework. The questionnaire had Likert scale and yes/no questions. Data was manually entered into excel and was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
One hundred and fifty-three nurses at QECH and MJC responded to the survey. Most nurses were between the ages of 25 and 35 years (N = 98, 64%), female (N = 105, 69%), and held either a Bachelors (N = 72, 47%) or diploma (N = 70, 46%) in nursing. Nurses had high rates of confidence in certain skills: airway management (N = 120, 99%), breathing assessment & management (N = 153, 100%). However, nurses demonstrated little to no confidence in areas such as: mechanical ventilation (N = 68, 44%), ECG evaluation (N = 74, 48%), and arterial blood gas collection & interpretation (N = 49, 32%).

Conclusion
It is important to identify priority areas for training and skills development to address in the PCC master’s within the child health pathway at KUHeS. Ideally this partnership will produce practice-ready PCC nurses and will establish a recognized PCC nursing workforce in Malawi.