bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequestration of histidine kinases by non-cognate response regulators establishes a threshold level of stimulation for bacterial two-component signaling
Authors: Sankhe Gaurav D. , Raja Rubesh , Dixit Narendra M. , Saini Deepak Kumar 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTTwo-component signaling systems (TCSs) in bacteria are often positively auto-regulated, where the histidine kinase (HK) and response regulator (RR) proteins comprising a TCS are expressed downstream of the signal they transduce. This auto-regulation improves the sensitivity of the TCS to stimuli and amplifies adaptive responses. The downside, however, is that the TCS may mount disproportionately large responses to weak or fleeting signals. How bacteria prevent such disproportionate responses is not known. Here, we show that sequestration of phosphorylated HKs by non-cognate RRs serves as a design to prevent such disproportionate responses. Using TCSs of M. tuberculosis as model systems, we found that with every one of the five HKs we studied, there was at least one non-cognate RR with higher affinity than that of the cognate RR for the HK. Phosphorylated HKs would thus preferentially bind the non-cognate RRs, suppressing signal transduction through the cognate pathways, which we demonstrated in vitro. Using mathematical modeling of TCS signaling in vivo, we predicted that this sequestration would introduce a threshold level of stimulation for a significant response, preventing responses to signals below this threshold. Finally, we showed in vivo using tunable expression systems in M. bovis that upregulation of a higher affinity non-cognate RR substantially suppressed the output from the cognate TCS pathway, presenting strong evidence of sequestration by non-cognate RRs as a design to regulate TCS signaling. Blocking this sequestration may be a novel intervention strategy, as it would compromise bacterial fitness by letting it respond unnecessarily to signals.
Microfluidic single-cell scale-down bioreactors: A proof-of-concept for the growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum at oscillating pH values
Authors: Täuber Sarah , Blöbaum Luisa , Steier Valentin , Oldiges Marco , Grünberger Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn large-scale bioreactors, gradients in cultivation parameters such as oxygen, substrate and pH result in fluctuating environments. pH fluctuations were identified as a critical parameter for bioprocess performance. Traditionally, scale-down systems at the laboratory scale are used to analyze the effects of fluctuating pH values on strain and thus process performance. Here, we demonstrate the application of dynamic microfluidic single-cell cultivation (dMSCC) as a novel scale-down system for the characterization of Corynebacterium glutamicum growth using oscillating pH conditions as a model parameter. A detailed comparison between two-compartment reactor (two-CR) scale-down experiments and dMSCC was performed for one specific pH oscillation between reference pH 7 (∼ 8 min) and disturbed pH 6 (∼2 min). Similar reductions in growth rates were observed in both systems (dMSCC 21% and two-CR 27%). Afterward, systematic experiments at different symmetric and asymmetric pH oscillations between pH ranges of 4–6 and 8–11 and different intervals from 1 minute to 20 minutes, were performed to demonstrate the unique application range and throughput of the dMSCC system. Finally, the strength of the dMSCC application was demonstrated by mimicking fluctuating environmental conditions within large-scale bioprocesses, which is difficult to conduct using two-CRs.
Ecological interactions: Patterns of host utilization by tropical butterflies
Authors: Naik Deepak , Bhat S. Srikrishna Ganaraja , Ghate Sudeep D. , Mustak M. S. , Prasad Rao R. Shyama 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStructural complexity of ecological networks facilitate the functional robustness of natural ecosystems. Threatened by the human actions such as habitat destruction and climate change, species may be more or less prone to ecological perturbations depending on the nature of their interactions. We examined the host network of tropical butterflies from the Indian region to see their level of interconnectedness. We manually curated larval host utilization data for 1053 butterflies of India. About 98.8% of species that occur pan-India and 90.6% of species exclusive to the Western Ghats had known hosts whereas it was only 25.9% for species exclusive to north-east India. There were 2589 unique butterfly-host interactions comprising 519 butterfly species and their 1091 known hosts. However, nearly 30% of the species had only single hosts. The Fabaceae and Poaceae were the key host families that accounted for 32.8% of the interactions. There were clear host preferences and monocots hosted disproportionately more butterfly species and interactions. Vanessa cardui had at least 39 known hosts while Ochlandra travancorica supported 19 butterfly species. There were 2693 species-pairs and 4226 interactions among 469 butterflies due to shared hosts. Many butterfly species that have relatively few/unique hosts might be vulnerable in the context of habitat destruction and climate change. This work has great relevance to the ecology and conservation of butterflies in India.
Cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types contribute to distinct functional subnetworks
Authors: Mohan Hemanth , An Xu , Xu X. Hermione , Kondo Hideki , Zhao Shengli , Matho Katherine S. , Musall Simon , Mitra Partha , Huang Z. Josh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cellular basis of cerebral cortex functional architecture remains not well understood. A major challenge is to monitor and decipher neural network dynamics across broad cortical areas yet with projection neuron (PN)-type resolution in real time during behavior. Combining genetic targeting and wide-field imaging, we monitored activity dynamics of subcortical-projecting (PTFezf2) and intratelencephalic-projecting (ITPlxnD1) types across dorsal cortex of mice during different brain states and behaviors. ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 neurons showed distinct activation patterns during wakeful resting, spontaneous movements, and upon sensory stimulation. Distinct ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 subnetworks were dynamically tuned to different sensorimotor components of a naturalistic feeding behavior, and optogenetic inhibition of ITsPlxnD1 and PTsFezf2 in subnetwork nodes disrupted distinct components of this behavior. Lastly, ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 projection patterns are consistent with their subnetwork activation patterns. Our results show that, in addition to the concept of columnar organization, dynamic areal and PN type-specific subnetworks are a key feature of cortical functional architecture linking microcircuit components with global brain networks.
BDNF induces its own release to mediate presynaptic plasticity
Authors: Berthoux Coralie , Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Milner Teresa A. , Castillo Pablo E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its effector Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) mediate diverse forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity implicated in learning, neural circuit refinement, and brain diseases, including epilepsy and mood disorders. Here, we report that activity-dependent release of presynaptic BDNF elicits the release of postsynaptic BDNF in a TrkB- and calcium-dependent manner. This BDNF-induced BDNF release was required for the induction of presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory transmission in the mouse dentate gyrus. Tonic and phasic activity of presynaptic type-1 cannabinoid receptors suppressed BDNF release and dampened LTP, while exposure to enriched environment elicited BDNF-mediated LTP. In addition to mediating presynaptic plasticity, BDNF-induced BDNF release could be an important mechanism in synaptic stabilization during the maturation and refinement of neuronal connections.One-Sentence SummaryThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces its own release to mediate long-lasting increase in neurotransmitter release.
Endosomal structure and APP biology are not altered in preclinical cellular models of Down syndrome
Authors: Cannavo Claudia , Cleverley Karen , Maduro Cheryl , Mumford Paige , Moulding Dale , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Wiseman Frances K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals who have Down syndrome (trisomy 21) are at greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease – dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by the accumulation in the brain of amyloid-β plaques that are a product of amyloid precursor protein, encoded by the APP gene on chromosome 21. In Down syndrome the first site of amyloid-β accumulation is within endosomes and changes to endosome biology occur early in disease. Here we determine if primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from two mouse models of Down syndrome can be used to study endosome and APP cell biology. We report that in these cellular models of Down syndrome endosome number, size and APP processing are not altered, likely because APP is not dosage sensitive in these models, despite three copies of App.
FeIII in a high-spin state in bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonato-κ3
O,N
1,S)ferrate(III) nitrate monohydrate, the first example of such a cationic FeIII complex unit
Authors: Powell Robyn E. , Lees Martin R. , Tizzard Graham J. , Koningsbruggen Petra J. van 
Published: December 2021

The synthesis and crystal structure (100 K) of the title compound, [Fe(C10H11BrN3OS)2]NO3·H2O, is reported. The asymmetric unit consists of an octahedral [FeIII(HL)2]+ cation, where HL
− is H-5-Br-thsa-Et or 5-bromosalicylaldehyde 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonate(1−) {systematic name: 4-bromo-2-[(4-ethylthiosemicarbazidoidene)methyl]phenolate}, a nitrate anion and a noncoordinated water molecule. Each HL
− ligand binds via the thione S, the imine N and the phenolate O atom, resulting in an FeIIIS2N2O2 chromophore. The ligands are orientated in two perpendicular planes, with the O and S atoms in cis and the N atoms in trans positions. This [Fe(HL)2](anion)·H2O compound contains the first known cationic FeIII entity containing two salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives. The FeIII ion is in the high-spin state at 100 K. In addition, a comparative IR spectroscopic study of the free ligand and the ferric complex is presented, demonstrating that such an analysis provides a quick identification of the degree of deprotonation and the coordination mode of the ligand in this class of metal compounds. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (5–320 K) are consistent with the presence of a high-spin FeIII ion with a zero-field splitting D = 0.439 (1) cm−1.
Food supply chain resilience model for critical infrastructure collapses due to natural disasters
Authors: Orengo Serra Karen L. , Sanchez-Jauregui Maria 
Published: December 2021

PurposeCritical infrastructure (CI) plays an essential role in reading, reacting and responding while dealing with natural disasters. This study address food supply chain resilience by proposing an FSC resilience model that explains the food product and transport flow via production, processing, distribution and retailing in circumstances of (CI) collapses post a natural disaster.Design/methodology/approachA combination of qualitative methods was conducted to obtain a comprehensive overview of the food and beverage sector in Puerto Rico. The full dataset comprised of seven focus groups for a total of 52 participants and 12 in-depth interviews.FindingsFSC resilience is seen in this study through the managerial actions taken by members of the Chain: innovating, transforming, adapting, and flexibilising business models and operations.Originality/valueThis study is the first to address FSC resilience from the perspective of net food importer economy in the context of natural disasters and prolonged Critical infrastructure (CI) breakdown, and the first one in proposing an FSC resilience model that explains the food product and transport flow via production, processing, distribution and retailing in circumstances of CI collapses post a natural disaster.
Managers' understanding of artificial intelligence in relation to marketing financial services: insights from a cross-country study
Authors: Mogaji Emmanuel , Nguyen Nguyen Phong 
Published: December 2021

PurposeGiven that managers play a crucial role in developing and deploying AI for marketing financial services, this study was aimed at better understanding their awareness regarding AI and the challenges they are facing in providing the attendant technologies, as well as highlighting key stakeholders and their collaborative efforts in providing financial services.Design/methodology/approachExploratory, inductive research design. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with 47 bank managers in both developed and developing countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Nigeria and Vietnam.FindingsManagers are aware of the prospects of AI and are making efforts to address AI as a business need but find that there often exist certain challenges in accelerating AI adoption. The study also presents a conceptual framework of AI in relation to financial service marketing, which captures and highlights the interactions among the customers, banks and external stakeholders, as well as the regulators.Research limitations/implicationsBanks must understand their business objectives, the available resources and the needs of their customers. Managers should keep the ethical implications of their working relationships in mind when selecting a team or collaborating with partners. In addition, managers should be trained and assisted in comprehending AI in relation to financial services, while the regulators must be involved in the development of AI for financial service marketing. Finally, it is critical to communicate the prospects for AI to consumers.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical insight into the opportunities, prospects and challenges pertaining to the use of AI in the area of financial service marketing. It also specifically calls into question certain preconceptions regarding AI and its role in financial services, the chatbots adopted for financial service delivery and the role of marketing managers in developing AI.
Social entrepreneurship organisations and collaboration: taking stock and looking forward
Authors: Kosmynin Mikhail 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe aim of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to map out the current state of the research on collaboration in the context of social entrepreneurship organisations (SEOs), synthesise this line of research and advance a research agenda.Design/methodology/approachA SLR of 40 scientific articles found in the Scopus and Web of Science databases built the foundation for an analysis of the state-of-the-art of the research addressing the interplay of SEOs and collaboration. This area of research has been very recent since the selected articles have been published since 2005 and more than half of which have appeared since 2017.FindingsThe findings suggest that collaboration is increasingly perceived as a crucial entrepreneurial activity and process for SEOs. The results indicate that collaboration is a vibrant and rapidly growing line of research which spans different fields of study, contexts, varied theoretical perspectives and multiple units of analysis. Furthermore, a total of five key research themes are identified pertaining to collaboration in the context of SEOs, such as motivations and strategies of collaboration, its antecedents, the interplay of institutional logics and tensions arising in collaboration, the impact of collaboration on the mission of SEOs and collaborative processes and practices.Originality/valueTo lend structure to this fragmented field of inquiry, this study systematically reviews and synthesises research on collaboration in the context of SEOs. In doing so, the study reveals that this line of research is under-researched, offering a significant scope for further scrutiny.
Impacts of a health crisis on music festivals: a qualitative approach
Authors: Orea-Giner Alicia , González-Reverté Francesc , Fuentes-Moraleda Laura 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis research explores the consequences of a health crisis provoked by a pandemic scenario on music festival impacts considered by the stakeholders involved. The purpose of this paper is to identify the perceptions from the stakeholders' point of view (host community, public and private sector) and to identify the impacts generated before and after a health crisis regarding the celebration of a festival.Design/methodology/approachThe study offers a holistic insight into impact research by music festivals. The methodology implemented is based on qualitative techniques. By conducting 20 in-depth interviews with essential stakeholders, it is possible to determine their perceptions of the impact of the event and the effects of a health crisis.FindingsThe results allow detecting a gap between internal and external stakeholders due to poor communication and planning of the event. The results show that a health crisis provokes negative impacts on the economic benefits of events' organisation. However, the cultural city's identity suffers an important damage that it is difficult to overcome. The community and visitors are the stakeholders that suffer a detrimental impact on their experience when attending the festival, considering the security measures. Moreover, results allow us to identify practical implications for event management and planning in a health crisis scenario.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this research is the theoretical model proposed to analyse stakeholders' perception of the event celebration in a context of a health crisis. The model also considers different moments of the social exchange. The theoretical approaches considered theory of social exchange (SET) and Visitor, Industry, Community and Environment (VICE) models allow analysing the stakeholder's perception of a case study of a music festival (Viña Rock Festival, Spain). The emerging and central role of the cooperation between stakeholders constitutes another notable contribution to the literature.
An optimized deep learning-based trust mechanism In VANET for selfish node detection
Authors: N. Jyothi , Patil Rekha 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to develop a trust mechanism in a Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) based on an optimized deep learning for selfish node detection.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors built a deep learning-based optimized trust mechanism that removes malicious content generated by selfish VANET nodes. This deep learning-based optimized trust framework is the combination of the Deep Belief Network-based Red Fox Optimization algorithm. A novel deep learning-based optimized model is developed to identify the type of vehicle in the non-line of sight (nLoS) condition. This authentication scheme satisfies both the security and privacy goals of the VANET environment. The message authenticity and integrity are verified using the vehicle location to determine the trust level. The location is verified via distance and time. It identifies whether the sender is in its actual location based on the time and distance.

Findings
A deep learning-based optimized Trust model is used to detect the obstacles that are present in both the line of sight and nLoS conditions to reduce the accident rate. While compared to the previous methods, the experimental results outperform better prediction results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, computational cost and communication overhead.

Practical implications
The experiments are conducted using the Network Simulator Version 2 simulator and evaluated using different performance metrics including computational cost, accuracy, precision, recall and communication overhead with simple attack and opinion tampering attack. However, the proposed method provided better prediction results in terms of computational cost, accuracy, precision, recall, and communication overhead than other existing methods, such as K-nearest neighbor and Artificial Neural Network. Hence, the proposed method highly against the simple attack and opinion tampering attacks.

Originality/value
This paper proposed a deep learning-based optimized Trust framework for trust prediction in VANET. A deep learning-based optimized Trust model is used to evaluate both event message senders and event message integrity and accuracy.
Impact of R&D activities on the financial performance: empirical evidence from Indian pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Nandy Mithun 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study the impact of research and development (R&D) activities on the financial performance of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed with the national stock exchange (NSE) of India by conceptualizing R&D’s impact and financial performance framework (RDiFPF).

Design/methodology/approach
Strongly balanced panel data set was used for the period of 1999–2020 on the basis of secondary data subscribed from a reputable Capitalline, a corporate database as well as individual company-wise annual report extract for cross-validation.

Findings
The paper presents a novel conceptualized framework called RDiFPF with the help of financial performance related variables: sales turnover, return on assets, return on equity and market capitalization, where R&D impacts in a significant manner on the financial performance of the NSE-listed Indian pharmaceutical companies. The paper finally establishes a link between R&D activities and financial performance with respect to the Indian pharmaceutical companies listed with the NSE.

Research limitations/implications
The suggested framework opens new dimension of research with respect to R&D, innovative practices in the pharmaceutical business and financial performance. The research can also be used in teaching and may be beneficial for framing public policy. Though the study has been carried out in Indian context, it might have implications in the emerging economies.

Practical implications
To achieve financial returns, pharmaceutical companies need to adopt appropriate endeavour to invest substantial amount on R&D to bring innovation in the pharmaceutical business.

Social implications
A better allocation of R&D expenditure has the potential for bringing new medicine, which can cure unknown diseases and impact on the lives of the patient fraternities.

Originality/value
The contributions of the paper are twofold: on the one hand, the author proposes a framework where emphasis has been provided on the R&D investment in the pharmaceutical business and, on the other hand, significant financial performance has been shown which motivates every R&D-centric pharmaceutical companies. Notably, the novel RDiFPF framework, which has been proposed in this study, may ignite and inspire the pharmaceutical business leaders as well as entrepreneurs to take R&D and innovation in pharmaceutical business for impacting human lives as well as to enjoy significant financial returns by providing health-care solution for treating novel diseases and disorders.