bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locations and Predictive Factors of Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis in Otitis Media With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antigen-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Morita Yuka , Kitazawa Meiko , Yagi Chihiro , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Ohshima Shinsuke , Yamagishi Tatsuya , Izumi Shuji , Horii Arata 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To determine the locations and predictive factors of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP), a serious central complication of otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antigen-associated vasculitis (OMAAV).

Study Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
University hospital.

Patients
Thirty-six patients with OMAAV underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the brain, of whom 18 and 18 had or did not have HP, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures
The location of HP lesions, which were detected as dural thickening on CE-MRI, was reviewed. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and audiometric data before treatment were correlated with the occurrence of HP.

Results
HP lesions were most frequently observed in the middle cranial fossa, followed by the internal auditory meatus, tentorium cerebelli, and posterior cranial fossa, which were adjacent to the middle ear primary lesion. Headache was more frequently observed in patients with HP than without HP. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of the HP (+) group (median, 3.91; interquartile range, 2.50–6.06) was higher than that of the HP (−) group (median, 2.40; interquartile range, 2.01–3.03). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the NLR was 0.741. An NLR of 3.46 had the highest sensitivity (61.1%) and specificity (94.4%) for predicting HP. Other markers of systemic inflammation and comorbidities of systemic diseases were not different between the groups.

Conclusions
HP may not be a systemic manifestation of OMAAV but may be related to local lesions in the adjacent brain. A high NLR may be a predictive factor for comorbid HP. Therefore, CE-MRI should be considered for patients with a high NLR.
Outcomes of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kruger Andrew J. , Abougergi Marwan S. , Jalil Sajid , Sobotka Lindsay A. , Wellner Michael R. , Porter Kyle M. , Conteh Lanla F. , Kelly Sean G. , Mumtaz Khalid 
Published: August 2022

Goals:
We sought to evaluate hospital outcomes of cirrhosis patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB).

Background:
NVUGIB is common in patients with cirrhosis. However, national outcome studies of these patients are lacking.

Study:
We utilized the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database to evaluate NVUGIB in patients with cirrhosis, further stratified as no cirrhosis (NC), compensated cirrhosis (CC), or decompensated cirrhosis (DC). Validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes captured diagnoses and interventions. Outcomes included 30-day readmission rates, index admission mortality rates, health care utilization, and predictors of readmission and mortality using multivariable regression analysis.

Results:
Overall, 13,701 patients with cirrhosis were admitted with NVUGIB. The 30-day readmission rate was 20.8%. Patients with CC were more likely to undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) within 1 calendar day of admission (74.1%) than patients with DC (67.9%) or NC (69.4%). Patients with DC had longer hospitalizations (4.1 d) and higher costs of care ($11,834). The index admission mortality rate was higher in patients with DC (6.2%) than in patients with CC (1.7%, P<0.001) or NC (1.4%, P<0.001). Predictors of 30-day readmission included performing an EGD >1 calendar day from admission (OR: 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.46) and DC (OR: 1.78; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.06). DC was a predictor of index admission mortality (OR: 3.68; 95% CI, 2.67 to 5.05).

Conclusions:
NVUGIB among patients with DC is associated with higher readmission rates, mortality rates, and health care utilization compared with patients with CC and NC. Early EGD is a modifiable variable associated with reduced readmission rates. Early identification of high-risk patients and adherence to guidelines may improve clinical outcomes.
Diagnostic value of HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN in infants with congenital biliary atresia
Authors: Bai Yukun , Wang Ping , Qi Yanwei , Li Yang , Liu Weidong , Gao Lei , Jiao Hanliang , An Yanxiao , Gong Yingxin 
Published: August 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA), type III procollagen III (PC-III), type IV collagen IV (IV-C), and laminin (LN) have certain diagnostic value for hepatobiliary diseases. No published studies have compared the diagnostic accuracy of these 4 indicators for the diagnosis of congenital biliary atresia (CBA) in infants. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN in infants with CBA.
From January 2017 to December 2020, 185 infants with nonphysiological jaundice in the Second Department of General Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Hebei were enrolled in this study. Forty-six infants with CBA (CBA group) and 139 infants without CBA (noncongenital biliary atresia group) were diagnosed using ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative exploration, and intraoperative cholangiography. The levels of HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN in the 2 groups were statistically analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves and by calculating the area under the curve. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors.
Compared to the noncongenital biliary atresia group, the levels of HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN were significantly increased in the CBA group (P <.05). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the optimal cutoff values for HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN were 162.7, 42.5, 199.7, and 101.2 ng/mL, and the area under the curves were 0.892, 0.762, 0.804, and 0.768, respectively. The sensitivity values for the diagnosis of CBA were 76.82%, 71.61%, 70.32%, and 72.28%, and the specificity values for the diagnosis of biliary atresia were 70.22%, 70.44%, 66.34%, and 68.71%, respectively. In the multivariate model, HA ≥162.7 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR] = 5.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.15–8.37), PC-III ≥42.5 ng/mL (OR = 4.61, 95% CI: 2.54–7.16), IV-C ≥199.7 ng/mL (OR = 5.02, 95% CI: 2.98–7.64), and LN ≥101.2 ng/mL (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 2.41–10.07) remained associated with the occurrence of CBA.
HA, PC-III, IV-C, and LN have high accuracy for the diagnosis of CBA in infants, and these factors are potential diagnostic biomarkers for CBA.
Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Why should we care
Authors: Liu Jichao , Fu Lijuan 
Published: August 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious disease in patients with schizophrenia; it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics and influencing factors of MS to provide reliable evidence for the management of schizophrenia.
Patients with schizophrenia treated in our hospital from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2021, were selected. The characteristics and treatment details of MS and no-MS patients were evaluated. Pearson correlation analyses were applied for analyzing MS and related characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors of MS in patients with schizophrenia.
A total of 465 patients with schizophrenia were included, the incidence of MS in patients with schizophrenia was 18.06%. Pearson correlation analyses had found that age (r = 0.621), waist circumference (r = 0.744), body mass index (r = 0.691), diabetes (r = 0.598), course of disease (r = 0.504), triglyceride (r = 0.532), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = –0.518), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.447), and total cholesterol (r = 0.523) were correlated with MS (all P < .05). Logistic regression analyses showed that age ≥55 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.012, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.425–3.196), waist circumference ≥80 cm (OR: 1.944, 95% CI: 1.081–3.172), body mass index ≥24.5 kg/m2 (OR: 2.451, 95% CI: 1.825–3.108), diabetes (OR: 2.301, 95% CI: 1.944–2.881), course of disease ≥15 years (OR: 1.804, 95% CI: 1.236–2.845), triglyceride ≥1.5 mmol/L (OR: 2.032, 95% CI: 1.614–3.079), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤0.8 mmol/L (OR: 1.226, 95% CI: 1.102–1.845), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥2 mmol/L (OR: 1.759, 95% CI: 1.236–1.987), and total cholesterol ≥4.5 mmol/L (OR: 1.664, 95% CI: 1.422–1.852) were the risk factors of MS in patients with schizophrenia (all P < .05).
MS is very common in patients with schizophrenia, which may be associated with many possible risk factors, and early interventions and nursing care targeted at those influencing factors are needed to improve the prognosis of schizophrenia.
Effects of resveratrol therapy on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, and renal function in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial protocol
Authors: Ma Nan , Zhang Youzhi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and shows a growing global public health problem in the elderly. Resveratrol presents antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antitumor antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of resveratrol on blood glucose, insulin metabolism, lipid profile, renal function, inflammation, and nutrient sensing systems in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
The study is a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of a 6-month treatment period. A total of 472 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, and included participants will be randomized into 2 groups: resveratrol (n = 242) and placebo (n = 230). The clinical efficacy and changes in clinical parameters in each group will be measured at the indicated time. Clinical parameters included blood glucose, insulin resistance index, blood lipid index, proinflammatory cytokines, renal function, and nutrient sensing systems.

Results:
Resveratrol treatment greatly improved glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance, and insulin metabolism compared to placebo. Resveratrol relieved symptoms through enhancing nutrient sensing systems, which in turn reduced production and activity of glucose-6-phosphatase. Compared with placebo, resveratrol treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines glycated hemoglobin/hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta in the elderly diabetes. Resveratrol treatment decreased blood glucose parameters, improved the lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides), and renal function compared to placebo.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, resveratrol treatment improves inflammation, renal function, blood glucose parameters, inflammation, insulin resistance, and nutrient sensing systems in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating resveratrol may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hyponatremia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Ali Elrazi , Habas Aml , Rayani Amnna , Ghazouani Hafedh , Khan Fahmi , Farfar Khalifa , Elzouki Abdel-Nasser 
Published: August 2022

A novel rapid spreading and changing virus called SARS-CoV-2 appeared in Wuhan city in December 2019. It was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic disease in March 2020. It commonly presents with respiratory symptoms; however, it may be asymptomatic. Electrolyte abnormalities are not uncommon features of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hyponatremia is one of these electrolyte disturbances among SARS-CoV-2 patients, and it may produce symptoms such as weakness and seizure as the initial presenting symptoms. The underlying mechanism(s) of hyponatremia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is (are) not established.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible mechanism of hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19. Understanding and categorizing the hyponatremia in these patients will lead to better treatment and correction of the hyponatremia.
A review of the literature between December 2019 and March 2022 was conducted searching for the possible reported mechanism(s) of hyponatremia in SARS-CoV-2.
Although SIADH is the commonly reported cause of hyponatremia in SARS-CoV-2 infection, other causes such as diarrhea, vomiting, and kidney salt loss must be considered before SIADH.
Parent Risk Perceptions, Physical Literacy, and Fundamental Movement Skills in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Brandelli Yvonne N. , Stone Michelle , Westheuser Victoria , Huber Adam M. , Joshi Nila , Reid Allison , Stringer Elizabeth , Stevens Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This pilot study sought to examine the fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical literacy (PL) of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to explore their relationship with physical activity (PA) and parent perceptions of PA-related risks.

Methods:
Twenty-five children with JIA and their parents completed questionnaires. Fundamental movement skills were assessed in the laboratory and PA through accelerometry data.

Results:
Children spent a median of 39.4%, 40.9%, and 18.2% of their day sedentary, in light, and in moderate to vigorous PA, respectively. Fundamental movement skills and PL scores were within the average range, although were related to which joints (upper/lower body) were affected by JIA. Parents who viewed activities such as biking and climbing as risky tended to have children with weaker locomotor skills and lower PL.

Conclusion:
Children with JIA had age-appropriate PA, FMS, and PL; however, parent perceptions of PA-related risks are related to their child's FMS and PL.
miR-15b-5p REGULATES THE NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME SIGNAL THROUGH TARGETING SIRT3 TO REGULATE HYPOXIA/REOXYGENATION-INDUCED CARDIOMYOCYTE PYROPTOSIS PROCESS
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Chen Xuexia , Nie Wenhong 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induces pyroptosis in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Previous studies have shown that the expression of the miR-15 family is stimulated in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury or H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury, and miR-15 is a promoter of cardiac ischemia–reperfusion or H/R injury. However, whether miR-15b-5p regulates H/R injury and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and its mechanism still need to be further clarified. Bioinformatics analysis elicited that SIRT3 was the downstream regulatory target gene of miR-15b-5p. SIRT3 has been shown to participate in the regulation of pyroptosis by negatively regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-15b-5p targets SIRT3 and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to promote H/R-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. We first show that H/R increases miR-15b-5p in rat cardiomyocytes H9C2. Next, we tested the effects of inhibition of miR-15b-5p or overexpression of SIRT3. We found that miR-15b-5p downregulation or SIRT3 overexpression could reverse the H/R-induced pyroptosis. Furthermore, silencing SIRT3 antagonized the protective effect of miR-15b-5p downregulation on H9C2 cells. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 annulled the previously mentioned antagonistic effect of silencing SIRT3 on the protection of miR-15b-5p downregulation against pyroptosis. We then used a rat AMI model to analyze myocardial infarction area by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and assess serum cardiac troponin T level by ELISA and found that miR-15b-5p silencing reduced AMI injury in rats. Collectively, these results suggest that miR-15b-5p increase H/R-induced pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes by targeting SIRT3 and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
EFFECTS OF SHENFU INJECTION ON SUBLINGUAL MICROCIRCULATION IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Liu Guoxiang , Chen Li , Xu Xinhui , Jia Tianyuan , Zhu Changqing , Xiong Jianfei 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective: The optimization of macrocirculatory hemodynamics is recommended by current sepsis guidelines. However, microcirculatory dysfunction is considered the cause of severe sepsis. In the present study, we designed to verify whether the application of Shenfu injection (SFI) restores microcirculation, thereby improving tissue perfusion and inhibiting organ dysfunction, resulting in improved outcomes. Design: We conducted a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to group receiving SFI (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 5 days. We administered SFI or glucose injection for 5 days and blinded the investigators and clinical staff by applying light-proof infusion equipment that concealed therapy allocation. Measurements and Results: We measured the systemic dynamics and lactate levels, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory cytokines in the plasma. The parameters of sublingual microcirculation were assessed using side-stream dark-field imaging. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score, total dose, and duration of vasopressor use, emergency intensive care unit (EICU) stay, and 28-day mortality were evaluated. After treatment with SFI, the disturbance of the sublingual microcirculation was considerably alleviated, as indicated by the significant increase in total vessel density, perfused vessel density, and microvascular flow index. Moreover, the plasma biomarker levels of endothelial dysfunction, including Ang-2, Syn-1, and ET-1, were reversed after SFI treatment. Importantly, the SFI group had a more favorable prognosis than the control group in terms of the APACHE-II score, SOFA score, duration of vasopressor administration, and length of EICU stay. However, the difference in mortality at day 28 was not statistically different between the SFI (15%, 3/20) and placebo (25%, 5/20) groups (P = 0.693). Conclusions: Shenfu injection provided apparent effects in improving sublingual microcirculatory perfusion in patients with septic shock, and this protection may be related with the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilatory effects.
Therapeutic Effects of 4 Surgical Approaches for Small Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Tu Huaiyu , Liang Chen , Qiu Shuzhong , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhang Yonghui , Ma Chao , Li Peiyu 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic resection (ER), laparoscopic resection (LR), laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS), and open surgery (OpS) for gastrointestinal stromal tumors with small diameters (≤5 cm). Relevant studies were collected through Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Operative time, hospital stays, time to liquid diet, intraoperative bleeding, and complications were used as outcome indicators for meta-analysis. Twenty-four retrospective cohort studies with 2406 participants were analyzed. LR and OpS groups had longer operating time than the ER group. ER, LECS, and LR groups had decreased lengths of hospital stay than the OpS group. Moreover, patients in LR and LECS groups had fewer complications than those in the OpS group. Endoscopic operation for small gastrointestinal stromal tumors contributes to shortened lengths of surgery and hospital stay. This reduces intraoperative blood loss and promotes gastroenteric functional recovery without increasing the risk of complications or tumor recurrence.
Predator feeding rates may often be unsaturated under typical prey densities
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Novak Mark , DeLong John P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredator feeding rates (described by their functional response) must saturate at high prey densities. Although thousands of manipulative functional response experiments show feeding rate saturation at high densities under controlled conditions, it is unclear how saturated feeding rates are at natural prey densities. The general degree of feeding rate saturation has important implications for the processes determining feeding rates and how they respond to changes in prey density. To address this, we linked two databases – one of functional response parameters and one on mass-abundance scaling – through prey mass to calculate a feeding rate saturation index. We find that: 1) feeding rates may commonly be unsaturated and 2) the degree of saturation varies with predator and prey taxonomic identities and body sizes, habitat, interaction dimension, and temperature. These results reshape our conceptualization of predator-prey interactions in nature and suggest new research on the ecological and evolutionary implications of unsaturated feeding rates.
Assessing the accuracy of paired and random sampling for quantifying plant–plant interactions in natural communities
Authors: Michalet Richard , Losapio Gianalberto , Kikvidze Zaal , Brooker Rob W. , Butterfield Bradley J. , Callaway Ragan M. , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Lortie Christopher J. , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Schöb Christian 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTInteractions among plant species in extreme ecological systems are often inferred from spatial associations and quantified by means of paired sampling. Yet, this method might be confounded by habitat-sharing effects, in particular when microenvironmental heterogeneity and stress are high. Here, we address whether paired and random sampling methods provide similar results at varying levels of environmental heterogeneity. Furthermore, we investigate how the relationship between species preferences and abiotic severity influences the outcome of these two methods. We quantified spatial associations with the two methods at three sites that encompass different micro-environmental heterogeneity and stress levels: semi-arid environments in Canary Islands, Spain and Sardinia, Italy and a cold alpine environment in Hokkaido (Japan). Then, we simulated plant communities with different levels of species micro-habitat preferences, environmental heterogeneity and stress levels. We found that differences in species associations between paired and random sampling were indistinguishable from zero in our model simulations. At each site, there were strong differences between beneficiary species in their spatial association with benefactor species, and associations became more positive with increasing stress in Spain. Most importantly, there were no differences in the results yielded by the two methods at any of the different stress levels at the Spanish and Japanese sites. At the Italian site, although micro-environmental heterogeneity was low, we found weakly significant differences between methods that were unlikely due to habitat-sharing effects. We conclude that the paired sampling method can provide significant insights into net, long-term effects of plant interactions in spatially conspicuous environments.
MONI-k: An index for efficient pangenome-to-pangenome comparison
Authors: Gagie Travis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaximal exact matches (MEMs) are widely used in bioinformatics, originally for genome-to-genome comparison but especially for DNA alignment ever since Li (2013) presented BWA-MEM. Building on work by Bannai, Gagie and I (2018) and again targeting alignment, Rossi et al. (2022) recently built an index called MONI that is based on the run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler Transform and can find MEMs efficiently with respect to pangenomes.In this paper we define k-MEMs to be maximal substrings of a pattern that each occur exactly at least k times in a text (so a MEM is a 1-MEM) and briefly explain why computing k-MEMs could be useful for pangenome-to-pangenome comparison. We then show that, when k is given at construction time, MONI can easily be extended to find k-MEMs efficiently as well.