bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care Practice: Scoping Review
Authors: Sharma Malvika , Savage Carl , Nair Monika , Larsson Ingrid , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens M 
Published: August 2022

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is often heralded as a potential disruptor that will transform the practice of medicine. The amount of data collected and available in health care, coupled with advances in computational power, has contributed to advances in AI and an exponential growth of publications. However, the development of AI applications does not guarantee their adoption into routine practice. There is a risk that despite the resources invested, benefits for patients, staff, and society will not be realized if AI implementation is not better understood.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore how the implementation of AI in health care practice has been described and researched in the literature by answering 3 questions: What are the characteristics of research on implementation of AI in practice? What types and applications of AI systems are described? What characteristics of the implementation process for AI systems are discernible?

Methods
A scoping review was conducted of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases to identify empirical studies of AI implementation in health care since 2011, in addition to snowball sampling of selected reference lists. Using Rayyan software, we screened titles and abstracts and selected full-text articles. Data from the included articles were charted and summarized.

Results
Of the 9218 records retrieved, 45 (0.49%) articles were included. The articles cover diverse clinical settings and disciplines; most (32/45, 71%) were published recently, were from high-income countries (33/45, 73%), and were intended for care providers (25/45, 56%). AI systems are predominantly intended for clinical care, particularly clinical care pertaining to patient-provider encounters. More than half (24/45, 53%) possess no action autonomy but rather support human decision-making. The focus of most research was on establishing the effectiveness of interventions (16/45, 35%) or related to technical and computational aspects of AI systems (11/45, 24%). Focus on the specifics of implementation processes does not yet seem to be a priority in research, and the use of frameworks to guide implementation is rare.

Conclusions
Our current empirical knowledge derives from implementations of AI systems with low action autonomy and approaches common to implementations of other types of information systems. To develop a specific and empirically based implementation framework, further research is needed on the more disruptive types of AI systems being implemented in routine care and on aspects unique to AI implementation in health care, such as building trust, addressing transparency issues, developing explainable and interpretable solutions, and addressing ethical concerns around privacy and data protection.
Three cardiac biomarkers and their efficacy: A review
Authors: Muralikrishnan G , Vijayasimha M , Mulavagili Srikanth , Jayarajan D , Yadav Ashok 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study belongs to the overview of three versatile cardiac biomarkers for specific diagnosis and prognosis in cardiac patients.
Methods: A search performed in different search sites such as Web of Science, Pub Med, and Google scholar searches for relevant studies from 2015 to 2022. Search names included were “heart disease,” “cardiac troponin,” “acute coronary disease,” “coronary artery disease,” “new biomarker,” “non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome,” etc. Studies were included if they were prospective, retrospective, randomized controlled trials or reviews.
Findings: Troponin I &T along with CPK-MB can increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when used collectively in the diagnosis of Myocardial infarction either acute or chronic conditions. These cardiac versatile biomarkers can diagnose re-infarct also with serial testing. Whereas sensitivity and specificity of Troponins I &T ranges from 84 to 96 and 80 to 95% respectively. When all three cardiac markers were combined, sensitivity and specificity will reach up to approximately 100%.
Novelty/ Improvement: This article provides the best available three versatile specific cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and reinfarction with about 100% accuracy.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Myocardial Infarction (MI), Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP).
Chemoprotective Effect of Carwin Capsules against Cyclophosphamide Induced Genotoxicity by In Vivo Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Thakur Niharika , Upmanyu Neeraj , Saxena Rajiv , Khan Md. Abdul Aali 
Published: August 2022

The protective effects of carwin capsules (CAR) against toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CYC) in mice were investigated using the micronucleus assay for anticlastogenic activity in mouse bone marrow cells. The experimental animals were pre-treated orally with the drug suspension (carwin capsule suspension) for seven consecutive days (drug alone in group III and in combination with standard drug in group IV). The standard drug (cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg bw) was dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally. The results demonstrate that carwin was found to be significant (P<0.05) as compared to cyclophosphamide treated as the no. of MNPCEs in carwin treated was decreased effectively. And also carwin was able to significantly (P<0.01) protect the action caused by cyclophosphamide as well was also found to be very effective antigenotoxic (P<0.01) as compared to cyclophosphamide in scoring of PCE: NCE ratio. All the groups were compared with cyclophosphamide (-ve control). So, it was concluded that the used polyherbal formulation (carwin) was found to be very effective drug in cancer therapy as it has very less genotoxic effect as compared to cyclophosphamide and also has a protective effect with cyclophosphamide.
Keywords: Carwin capsules, Cyclophosphamide, Micronucleus assay, Antigenotoxic, Polyherbal formulation.
Nicardia® XL (Nifedipine Extended Release): Technologically Advanced GITS Formulation Ensures Robust Efficacy and Assured Safety
Authors: Mavani Siddharth , Abraham M A , Conjeevaram Arvind , Singh Shivendra , Revandkar Vaibhav , Birla Ashish 
Published: August 2022

Nifedipine is a classical dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) indicated for the management of hypertension, vasospastic angina and chronic stable angina. Prestigious regulatory bodies like USFDA, EMA, CDSCO and TGA have approved long-acting Nifedipine for the management of hypertension and angina. Nifedipine was 1st introduced in United States as Adalat® (Bayer) in 1981 and in India as Nicardia® (J. B. Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals) in 1985.
Conventional Nifedipine shows the rapid onset and short duration of action which results in prompt and marked hypotensive effect but exhibits reflex SNS activation leading to flushing, tachycardia, worsening myocardial ischemia, and cerebrovascular ischemia. Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation addresses many of the concerns surrounding the older formulations of Nifedipine. Nifedipine GITS is a gold standard once-daily formulation of Nifedipine which allows relatively constant plasma drug concentrations over 24 hours. Nifedipine GITS provides a controlled release and gradual onset of action of Nifedipine, avoiding the reflex SNS activation resulting in improved tolerability and compliance.
Clinical studies suggest that long-acting formulations of Nifedipine have slightly greater antihypertensive actions than Amlodipine. Nifedipine was also found to be more efficient than other CCBs like Amlodipine, Nicardipine, and Isradipine in resistant hypertensive patients. The addition of Nifedipine GITS to the conventional treatment of angina pectoris is safe and reduces the need for coronary angiography and interventions.
Several landmark trials have demonstrated that long-acting Nifedipine improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness and reduces albuminuria, LV hypertrophy, atherosclerotic plaques and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
This comprehensive review focuses on the superiority of the Nifedipine GITS formulation over the conventional Nifedipine and elaborates on the role of long-acting Nifedipine as a CCB of choice for the management of hypertension, resistant hypertension, angina pectoris and coronary artery disease.
Keywords – Calcium Channel Blockers, Nifedipine, Long-Acting Nifedipine, Nifedipine GITS, Nifedipine Extended Release, Nicardia XL.
Solid self‑emulsifying pellets: Solubility enhancement for oral delivery of poorly soluble BCS Class II drug
Authors: Rupvate Smita Rajendra , Gangurde Subodh Anil , Adavadkar Priyanka Rajendra , Ukhade Snehal Sampat , Lale Shivam Suresh 
Published: August 2022

The review focused on technique of solid self-emulsifying pellets (SEPs) for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drug. The oral route of administration has been and still is currently the primary route of drug delivery owing to its potential advantages compared to the other routes. The solubility enhancement process of hydrophobic drugs plays a key role in the formulation development to achieve the bioavailability and therapeutic action of the drug at the target site.1 Around 40% of probe new drugs are characterized as belonging to class II in the BCS classification (poorly water soluble and highly permeable), giving rise to poor and erratic oral bioavailability. The solid SEPs system combines the advantages of liquid Self emulsifying drug delivery system with those of solid dosage form, which can overcome the limitations of liquid formulations and improve the storage stability and patient compliance. To enhance the dissolution and oral absorption of water insoluble drug selfmicroemulsifying pellets develop and evaluated. SEPs pellets showed a significant quicker redispersion rate than the dissolution rate of commercial tablets. The solid SEPs pellets might be an encouraging strategy to improve the oral absorption of Poorly water soluble drug and the extrusion–spheronization method is a feasible technology for the solidification of liquid SMEPs. Self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEPs) as an effective bioavailability enhancement pharmaceutical technology has been widely used during the recent years and have some successful products in the market (e.g. Neoral®, Norvir® and Fortovase®).
Keywords: Self Emulsifying Pellets, Bioavailability, Solubility, extrusion–spheronization, Biopharmaceutical Classification.
Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in Caesalpinia bonduc L. from Alagarkovil Reserve Forest (ARF), Dindigul District, South India
Authors: Grace Lydial Pushpalatha G , Abraham GC 
Published: August 2022

The popularly known Kazharchi Kai (Tamil), Caesalpinia bonduc L. (Fam: Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in India which finds use as a therapeutic in indigenous systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy is a herbal remedy for treating of various ailments. The plant has been reported for its anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. In particular C. bonduc seeds contain cassane diterpenoids viz., caesalpinins and caesalmins, cassane diterpenoids, and norcassane diterpenoids. This plant contains bioactive secondary metabolites (BASM) with unique structures and diverse mechanisms of action that can be well exploited to finetune novel therapeutic herbal formulations. In the present study an attempt has been made to screen for bioactive metabolites in the seed extracts of C. bonduc followed by GCMS analysis. GCMS analysis indicated the presence of 2,2,3,5-tetramethylheptane, (Z)-hept-2-enal, 2,2,3,5-tetramethylheptane, 3,3- dimethyloctane, 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane, 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane, 3- methylnonane, 3,8-dimethylundecane, 6-Ethyl-3,8-dimethylundecane, 2,3,4- trimethyldecane, 3-Methyldecane, (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal, (1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11- trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2]undec-4-ene, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate, (9Z)-octadeca-9,17-dienal, 2- (ethylhexoxycarbonyl) benzoic acid. Of all, compounds such as Hexadecanoic acid, methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate, and (9Z)-octadeca-9,17-dienal with unusual bioactivity score could serve as promising lead candidate for the design of novel anticancer drug, In-silico predictions of molecular and biological activity of these bioactive compounds phytocompounds could pave way for its effective utilization in pharma industry scale as a potential candidate towards biomedical applications. However, before such an exercise, in-silico ADMET pharmacoinformatic studies followed by pre-clinical and clinical trials pursued in this exercise may well be required for its launch into the global pharma-market on commercial scale.
Keywords: Phytochemical Screening; Bioactive Secondary Metabolites (BASM); GCMS; Medicinal Plant; Ethnobotany; CBSPEE; PBNPs
A study on Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive tablet incorporating Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Mehetre Gautam D. , Thenge Raju R. , Chinchole Pavan P. , Narkhede Mahesh B. , Babhulkar Mukesh W. 
Published: August 2022

Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective in a broad range of infections including some difficult to treat ones. Because of wide-spectrum bactericidal activity, oral efficacy and good tolerability, it is used in Urinary tract infection, Gonorrhea, Bacterial gastroenteritis, Typhoid, Bone, soft tissue and gynecological infection, Respiratory infection and tuberculosis. The main objective of formulating the floating system was to reduce the frequency of administration, to improve patient compliance and improve bioavailability of drug by preparing a gastroretentive drug delivery system. Floating tablets of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by employing two different grades of control releasing polymers HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M in different concentration. Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as a gas-generating agent. The tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, floating behavior, swelling studies and dissolution studies. Among tablet formulations, formulation F3 showed maximum drug release i.e. 92.25% at the end of 12 h compared with other formulations and was concluded as optimized one.
Keywords: Ciprofloxacin HCl, floating tablets, HPMC K4M, HPMC K 100M, FTIR.
Incidence and severity of fungal rot of tomato and brinjal in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Koka Jahangir Abdullah , Wani Abdul Hamid , Bhat Mohd Yaqub 
Published: August 2022

The incidence of fungal rot diseases of tomato and brinjal showed significant variation in different areas/localities of Srinagar, Pulwama, Anantnag and Kulgam of Kashmir surveyed during study. Incidence and severity of fungal rot of tomato and brinjal caused by several pathogenic fungi was from lowest to highest in all the surveyed districts of Kashmir Valley. Among the isolated fungi Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum were found most commonly responsible for fungal rot of tomato and brinjal. The incidence and severity showed considerable increase during the period of study in Srinagar, Pulwama, Anantnag and Kulgam districts of Kashmir Valley and thus warrants effective management strategies. Such types of study have been carried out for the first time in the valley.
Keywords: Incidence, severity, fungal pathogens, study sites.
Comparison of the Efficiency and Safety of Oral Phenyramidol and Phenyramidol+Diclofenac Treatment in Muscle Spasms with Spinal Pain – Open-Label Study
Authors: Koyuncu Halil , Karamehmetoglu Safak Sahir , Ozcan Fatmanur Otmar , Saygisever-Faikoglu Kubra , Faikoglu Gokhan , Ozcan Yurdaer , Uskur Tugce 
Published: August 2022

Muscle relaxants (MR) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently used in the treatment of spasms and are effective combined or alone in muscle spasms. In this study, 30 patients aged 32-82 years, male and female, with moderate to severe acute spinal pain-muscle spasms due to trauma, sprain, or injury history were evaluated. Group 1 received phenyramidol 400 mg orally 3 times a day for 7 days. In the second group, phenyramidol (400 mg) three times a day + diclofenac (75 mg) once a day was given orally for 7 days. Patients were evaluated on the 0th and 7th days in terms of muscle spasm level, pain intensity, and side effects. Side effects were noted for clinical safety. Evaluation was performed at the start of treatment and after treatment. Compared with the adverse drug reactions that occurred during the study, Group 1 treated with phenyramidol alone showed a statistically significantly better safety profile than Group 2 treated with the combination of phenyramidol and diclofenac (p<0.001). As a result, it was observed that oral phenyramidol treatment alone and oral phenyramidol+diclofenac combination treatment did not have any difference in terms of efficacy, but when compared in terms of side effects, the use of phenyramidol alone showed a higher safety profile.
Keywords: phenyramidol, diclofenac, muscle spasm, spinal pain
ADMET informatics of Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves
Authors: Kalaimathi RV , Krishnaveni K. , Murugan M. , Basha A.N. , Gilles A Pallan , Kandeepan C. , Senthilkumar N. , Mathialagan B. , Ramya S. , Ramanathan L. , Jayakumararaj R. , Loganathan T. , Pandiarajan G. , Dhakar Ram Chand 
Published: August 2022

In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) often comprehends virtual screening (VS) of datasets of natural pharmaco-active compounds for drug discovery protocols. Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) still, remains to be a prime source of pharmaco-active compounds due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and functionalities with distinct chemical characteristic feature from natural source that are much acquiescent to drug metabolism and kinetics. In the Post-COVID-Era number of publications pertaining to PBNPs and publicly accessible plant based natural product databases (PBNPDBs) has significantly increased. Moreover, PBNPs are important sources of inspiration or starting points to develop novel therapeutic agents. However, a well-structured, in-depth ADME/Tox profile of PBNPs has been limited or lacking for many of such compounds, this hampers the successful exploitation of PBNPs by pharma industries. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties play key roles in the discovery/ development of drugs, pesticides, food additives, consumer products, and industrial chemicals. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Tetradecanoic Acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to predict drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes has been taken up. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of Myristic acid as major source of drug from commonly available medicinal plant - Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for NP based lead generation programs.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Secondary Metabolites; Bioactive Substances; Myristic acid (MA); DMPK; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PBNPDBs
A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Adhesive Microspheres
Authors: Pandey Chandra Prakash , Archana , , Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

A controlled medication delivery system has historically been used to produce certain rates of release or spatial concentrations of active compounds. Recent developments in drugs and polymer science delivery technology have improved innovative drug delivery systems made of bio-adhesive microspheres, advancing the use of "bio-adhesion" in drug delivery. This research evaluates the bio-adhesive MSs via transmucosal management routes, comprising the mucosal in the gastrointestinal system and other lumen, based on the advantages of adhesion arrangements and the usefulness status of MSs in mucous transport. A few new-style bio-adhesive MSs and specific studies on cell adhesive MSs are specifically mentioned. Additionally, this study aims to demonstrate the improvements made by cell-selective bio-adhesion systems known as bio-adhesive Microspheres and a few MSs with a novel bio-adhesive design are mentioned. Additionally, this evaluation aims to demonstrate the developments of site-specific medication release through stimuli-responsive MSs and bio-adhesive MSs as cell-selective bio-adhesion systems. Even if those MSs exhibit real strength, agendas need to include a few insightful ideas. In the future, processes should be closely scrutinized, and more attention should be paid to powerful bio-adhesives and "second-generation mucoadhesives." These new MSs' meaningful scientific curricula address contemporary concerns and call for further focused studies.
Keywords: Transmucosal delivery; stimuli-responsiveness; bioavailability; bioadhesive microspheres.
A Comprehensive Review on Sustained Release Matrix Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Archana , , Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Formulations for sustained medication release are very useful in the treatment of chronic disorders. The oral route has selected matrix tablets as the most likely type of prolonged drug release. In order to generate therapeutic activity for a protracted duration, matrix tablets maintain a stable plasma drug concentration and sustain the rate of release of the drug throughout time. In preparations with a short half-life and high dosage frequency, extended-release is crucial. The matrix regulates how quickly the medication is released. Retardants such polyglycolic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are used. The retardant's matrix core contains the medication. The matrices employed can be mineral-based, hydrophobic, or biodegradable. Drug release is regulated in matrix tablets that can be made using wet granulation or direct compression techniques by the use of various kinds of polymers. Drug release from matrix tablets is controlled by both diffusion- and dissolution-controlled process. As a result, matrix tablets increase therapeutic efficacy while reducing the frequency of drug administration and increasing patient compliance.
Keywords: Sustained release, Matrix Tablets, HPMC, Retardants, Biodegradable
A Review on Emerging Benzothiazoles: Biological Aspects
Authors: Kumar Shakti , Dubey Bhavana 
Published: August 2022

Due to its beneficial natural and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic element analogues and derivatives have recently received a lot of attention. One of the frequently occurring heterocyclic nuclei in both marine and natural grow solutions is benzothiazole. A favoured bicyclist band method with numerous utilizations is benzothiazole. It is well known for exhibiting a broad variety of beneficial natural activities, including those that are anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antitubercular. The benzothiazole nucleus is used in the synthesis of many therapeutic agents. We have seen a few surprising developments in the natural functions of benzothiazole derivatives over the past few years. Due to their extraordinary pharmacological potential, these components are only relevant in the context of therapeutic hormones. This evaluation primarily aims to demonstrate recent systematic research on the various natural functions of benzothiazole compounds that has been conducted.
Keywords: Benzothiazole, Anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, Heterocyclic element analogues, Benzothiazole derivatives