bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐emptive vs. classic criteria for initiation of dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) — A retrospective real‐world study
Authors: Hellman Tapio , Uusalo Panu , Järvisalo Mikko J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGuidelines recommend starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill acute kidney injury (AKI) patients according to classic criteria for the initiation of dialysis (CCID). However, comparative data on the presence or absence of CCID in patients receiving continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) or intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) as the initial modality are scarce.MethodsAltogether 733 critically ill AKI patients receiving CVVHD or IHD at the research hospital between 2010 and 2019 were screened for this real‐world study. All patients on maintenance dialysis were excluded. Patient survival was studied in 662 patients and adverse renal outcomes in 375 surviving patients at 90 days follow‐up. The adverse renal outcome was defined as RRT requirement and the secondary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 90 days follow‐up.FindingsAltogether 472 (71.3%) patients received CVVHD and 190 (28.7%) IHD, and CCID was present at the time of RRT initiation in 250 (37.8%). The CCID was independently associated with mortality in a multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.226, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.455–3.407, p < 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, baseline eGFR, disease severity, RRT modality, hypertension, and diabetes. The presence of CCID at the start of RRT was not associated with adverse renal outcome (OR 0.548, 95% CI 0.230–1.305, p = 1.74) nor eGFR (β = 0.155, p = 0.066) at 90 days follow‐up. However, starting RRT in the presence of CCID was independently associated with eGFR at 90 days follow‐up in a multivariable ordinal regression analysis (β = 0.930, p = 0.018) after adjusting for age, sex, baseline eGFR, disease severity markers, hypertension, and diabetes in patients receiving CVVHD but not IHD as the initial modality.DiscussionThe presence of CCID at the initiation of RRT was associated with mortality but not adverse renal outcomes in this large real‐world study on critically ill AKI patients requiring RRT. Initiating RRT in the presence of CCID was associated with improved eGFR at 90 days follow‐up in patients receiving CVVHD as the initial modality.
Eco‐friendly preparation and structural characterization of calcium silicates derived from eggshell and silica gel
Authors: Kaou Maroua H. , Horváth Zsolt E. , Balázsi Katalin , Balázsi Csaba 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, the preparation of calcium–silicate‐based composites consisting of natural waste from calcium source as eggshell and silica gel from a desiccator as a silicon source both presenting alternative materials for cheap preparation of eco‐friendly calcium–silicate bioceramics has been investigated. The effect of the CaO/SiO2 ratio on microstructural properties has also been studied. The pseudowollastonite formation has been observed in the case of 40 wt.% CaO and 60 wt.% SiO2 with lowest porosity and highest density 2.6 g/cm3. In the case of 50 wt.% CaO and 50 wt.% SiO2, the phase transformation from pseudowollastonite to wollastonite was observed. Increasing the calcium content caused higher apparent porosity with 19%. It was shown that the development of novel ceramics from reused waste, eggshell, or silica can be an optimal solution for the low‐cost preparation of calcium silicates with potential applications in medicine or cement, food industry.
Toward a Renewed Theological Culture: Introduction
Authors: Dürr Oliver , Chalamet Christophe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article introduces a series of articles analysing the current state of theology and inquiring about the possibilities of a renewed theological culture (not least within secular societies). It places theology, and more precisely, the conditions of a possible renewal thereof, in several fields of tension. Paradigmatic for secular societies is the tension between theology and the natural sciences. It is argued that theology and the natural sciences cultivate different modes of reasoning on different epistemic levels and that no competition between them has to be construed if one is not caught up in the premises of secularism. A brief summary of each of the contributions follows these initial remarks.
High activation levels maintained in receptor‐binding domain–specific memory B cells in people with severe coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Gupta Money , Balachandran Harikrishnan , Louie Raymond H Y , Li Hui , Agapiou David , Keoshkerian Elizabeth , Christ Daniel , Rawlinson William , Mina Michael M , Post Jeffrey J , Hudson Bernard , Gilroy Nicky , Konecny Pamela , Bartlett Adam W , Sasson Sarah C , Ahlenstiel Golo , Dwyer Dominic , Lloyd Andrew R , Martinello Marianne , Luciani Fabio , Bull Rowena A ,   the COSIN study group
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe long‐term health consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection are still being understood. The molecular and phenotypic properties of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen–specific T cells suggest a dysfunctional profile that persists in convalescence in those who were severely ill. By contrast, the antigen‐specific memory B‐cell (MBC) population has not yet been analyzed to the same degree, but phenotypic analysis suggests differences following recovery from mild or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Here, we performed single‐cell molecular analysis of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain (RBD)–specific MBC population in three patients after severe COVID‐19 and four patients after mild/moderate COVID‐19. We analyzed the transcriptomic and B‐cell receptor repertoire profiles at ~2 months and ~4 months after symptom onset. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a higher level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) signaling via nuclear factor‐kappa B in the severe group, involving CD80, FOS, CD83 and TNFAIP3 genes that was maintained over time. We demonstrated the presence of two distinct activated MBCs subsets based on expression of CD80hiTNFAIP3hi and CD11chiCD95hi at the transcriptome level. Both groups revealed an increase in somatic hypermutation over time, indicating progressive evolution of humoral memory. This study revealed distinct molecular signatures of long‐term RBD‐specific MBCs in convalescence, indicating that the longevity of these cells may differ depending on acute COVID‐19 severity.
Risk stratification of ventricular fibrillation in patients with symptomatic Brugada syndrome using pharmacological tests
Authors: Kawano Kyoko , Shinohara Tetsuji , Kondo Hidekazu , Ishii Yumi , Takahashi Masaki , Mitarai Kazuki , Hirota Kei , Fukui Akira , Akioka Hidefumi , Teshima Yasushi , Yufu Kunio , Nakagawa Mikiko , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS), which is characterized by J‐point elevation in right precordial leads of a 12‐lead electrocardiogram, is associated with the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, risk stratification of VF in patients with BrS remains challenging.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify a risk predictor of VF in patients with BrS using pharmacological tests.MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with BrS and a history of documented spontaneous VF (n = 16) or syncope presumed to be caused by lethal ventricular arrhythmia (n = 5) were enrolled. J‐wave changes in response to intravenous verapamil, propranolol, and pilsicainide were separately assessed.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 86.0 months, 8 patients had VF recurrence (recurrence group) and 13 patients did not have VF recurrence (non‐recurrence group). Intravenous propranolol injection induced significant J‐wave augmentation (i.e., increase in amplitude >0.1 mV) in the inferior and/or lateral leads in the recurrence group compared to the non‐recurrence group (p = .048 and p = .015, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that VF recurrence is significantly higher in patients with BrS and J‐wave augmentation due to intravenous propranolol than in patients without J‐wave augmentation (p = .014).ConclusionThe study results show that propranolol‐induced J‐wave augmentation is involved in the risk of VF in patients with BrS. The results suggest that early repolarization patterns in response to pharmacological tests may be useful for risk stratification of VF in patients with symptomatic BrS.
Immune‐enhancing effects of Astragalus polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on Vibrio harveyi flgJ DNA vaccine in grouper
Authors: Lin Guixiang , Da Fan , Wan Xiaoju , Huang Yucong , Yang Shiping , Jian Jichang , Cai Shuanghu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAstragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) have been shown to possess strong immunoregulatory properties in aquatic animals. In this study, the fragment containing Vibrio harveyi flgJ gene was ligated into pcDNA3.1(+) vector and pcDNA3.1(+)‐flgJ was constructed as DNA vaccine. APS and GLP were used as DNA vaccine adjuvants to evaluate the immunoregulatory effect by intramuscular injection to pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatus). The results showed that pcDNA3.1(+)‐flgJ combined with APS or GLP could significantly up‐regulate the innate and adaptive immune response in fish, including serum‐specific antibody titres, catalase and lysozyme activities. At the same time, DNA vaccine combined with APS or GLP significantly up‐regulated the expression levels of CD8α, IgM, IL‐1β, MHC‐Iα, MyD88 and TLR3 genes in thymus, head kidney, spleen and liver of pearl gentian grouper in comparison with those of the pFlgJ group. After 42 days post‐vaccination, V. harveyi was used to challenge pearl gentian grouper by intraperitoneal injection. The relative percentage of survival (RPS) of pFlgJ, pFlgJ +APS, pFlgJ +GLP and pFlgJ+APS+GLP groups were 69%, 81%, 77% and 88%, respectively. These results suggested APS and GLP were potential adjuvants for DNA vaccine against V. harveyi infection in pearl gentian grouper.
Analysis of air‐inflated rubber dam for flood‐fighting at the subway entrance
Authors: Guo Wei , Zeng Wenqian , Gao Xin , Ren Yuxiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe air‐inflated rubber dam is innovatively adopted in this paper for temporary flood‐fighting at the subway entrance. Numerical studies using the FLAC2D software are carried out to investigate the behavior of the proposed structure. Laboratory model tests are also conducted to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The results from the model tests agree well with those from the numerical analysis. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influences of the external floodwater head, inflated air pressure, and anchor position on the performance of the proposed air‐inflated rubber dam. It is found that the external floodwater head reduces the tensile force but nonlinearly increases the height of the rubber dam. The inflated air pressure has no obvious effect on the cross‐section of the rubber dam but heavily influences the ultimate flood‐fighting height and tensile force. An optimum design line for the inflated air pressure of the rubber dam is provided. A deeper anchor position results in a smaller ultimate flood‐fighting height. A rubber dam design with a lower anchor depth that has to satisfy the requirements of the anchor bolt is therefore concluded.
Arabidopsis Trithorax histone methyltransferases are redundant in regulating development and DNA methylation
Authors: Shang Ji‐Yun , Cai Xue‐Wei , Su Yin‐Na , Zhang Zhao‐Chen , Wang Xin , Zhao Nan , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the Trithorax histone methyltransferases ATX1–5 are known to regulate development and stress responses by catalyzing histone H3K4 methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana, it is unknown whether and how these histone methyltransferases affect DNA methylation. Here, we found that the redundant ATX1–5 proteins are not only required for plant development and viability but also for the regulation of DNA methylation. The expression and H3K4me3 levels of both RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) genes (NRPE1, DCL3, IDN2, and IDP2) and active DNA demethylation genes (ROS1, DML2, and DML3) were downregulated in the atx1/2/4/5 mutant. Consistent with the facts that the active DNA demethylation pathway mediates DNA demethylation mainly at CG and CHG sites, and that the RdDM pathway mediates DNA methylation mainly at CHH sites, whole‐genome DNA methylation analyses showed that hyper‐CG and CHG DMRs in atx1/2/4/5 significantly overlapped with those in the DNA demethylation pathway mutant ros1 dml2 dml3 (rdd), and that hypo‐CHH DMRs in atx1/2/4/5 significantly overlapped with those in the RdDM mutant nrpe1, suggesting that the ATX paralogues function redundantly to regulate DNA methylation by promoting H3K4me3 levels and expression levels of both RdDM genes and active DNA demethylation genes. Given that the ATX proteins function as catalytic subunits of COMPASS histone methyltransferase complexes, we also demonstrated that the COMPASS complex components function as a whole to regulate DNA methylation. This study reveals a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying the regulation of DNA methylation.
Transcriptional glucocorticoid effects in the brain: Finding the relevant target genes
Authors: Meijer Onno C. , Buurstede Jacobus C. , Viho Eva M. G. , Amaya Jorge Miguel , Koning Anne‐Sophie C. A. M. , van der Meulen Merel , van Weert Lisa T. C. M. , Paul Susana N. , Kroon Jan , Koorneef Lisa L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlucocorticoids are powerful modulators of brain function. They act via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MR and GR). These are best understood as transcription factors. Although many glucocorticoid effects depend on the modulation of gene transcription, it is a major challenge to link gene expression to function given the large‐scale, apparently pleiotropic genomic responses. The extensive sets of MR and GR target genes are highly specific per cell type, and the brain contains many different (neuronal and non‐neuronal) cell types. Next to the set “trait” of cellular context, the “state” of other active signaling pathways will affect MR and GR transcriptional activity. Here, we discuss receptor specificity and contextual factors that determine the transcriptional outcome of MR/GR signaling, experimental possibilities offered by single‐cell transcriptomics approaches, and reflect on how to make sense of lists of target genes in relation to understanding the functional effects of steroid receptor activation.
Effects of an intravenous infusion of diltiazem on glomerular filtration rate, electrolyte excretion, and urine output in healthy dogs
Authors: Kelley Megan D. , Thompson‐Butler Dorothy A. , Tanner Matthew C. , Thomason Justin D. , Whitehouse William H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs has a high case fatality rate. Diltiazem might improve renal function, but effect of intravenous infusion has not been adequately studied in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine if an intravenous infusion of diltiazem improves renal function through changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), and urine output (UOP) in healthy dogs.AnimalsTen healthy adult dogs.MethodsProspective, unmasked, crossover study. Dogs were randomized to receive diltiazem (loading dose of 240 μg/kg followed by 6 μg/kg/min for 300 min) or the same volume of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). The opposite treatment was given after a 7‐day washout period. GFR and FENa were obtained at baseline and after infusion. UOP was measured starting 1 hour before diltiazem administration.ResultsGFR did not significantly increase from baseline with diltiazem (before diltiazem median = 2.371 mL/min/kg, range = 1.605‐4.359; after diltiazem median = 2.305 mL/min/kg, range = 1.629‐4.387; median difference = 0.080 mL/min/kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.417 to 0.757;P = .85), and there was no difference in D5W GFR before and after diltiazem (median = 2.389 mL/min/kg, range = 1.600‐3.557; median difference = 0.036 mL/min/kg, 95% CI = −0.241 to 1.112;P = .69). FENa did not increase from baseline after administration of diltiazem (median difference = 0%, 95% CI = −0.1 to 0.1;P = .81), and there was no difference in D5W FENa (median difference = 0.1%, 95% CI = −0.1 to 0.2;P = .26). UOP did not increase with diltiazem (P = .06).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceIntravenous administration of diltiazem does not improve markers of renal function in healthy dogs. Further studies are needed in dogs with AKI.
Enoxaparin attenuates pyrrolizidine alkaloids‐induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome by inhibiting oncostatin M expression
Authors: Xiang Hongyu , Liu Chang , Xiao Zhuanglong , Du Li , Wei Ning , Liu Fang , Song Yuhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe definitive treatment for pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs)‐induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is not available. The effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy remains controversial. The efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be investigated in patients and animal models, and the underlying mechanism should be explored.MethodsThe prognosis of patients with PAs‐HSOS who received anticoagulation therapy was retrospectively analysed. The effect of enoxaparin on the liver injury was determined in animal models of monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced HSOS was determined, and the underlying mechanism was investigated using a murine model.ResultsThe cumulative survival rate of patients with PAs‐induced HSOS was 60.00% and 90.90% in the non‐anticoagulation group and anticoagulation group. Enoxaparin attenuated liver injury effectively in a rat model of MCT‐induced HSOS. Additionally, the improvement of severe liver injury was observed in MCT‐treated mice after the administration of enoxaparin (40 mg/kg). The alleviation of liver injury was observed in mice with hepatocyte‐specific deletion of oncostatin M (Osm△Hep). In MCT‐treated mice administrated with enoxaparin, no significant differences in liver injury were observed between Osm△Hep mice and Osmflox/flox mice. Additionally, adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of Osm resulted in severe liver injury in MCT‐induced mice after the administration of enoxaparin.ConclusionsLMWH attenuated severe liver injury in patients with PAs‐Induced HSOS and animal models of MCT‐induced HSOS, which provides a rationale for the application of anticoagulation therapy.
Social and economic factors influencing intrahousehold food allocation and egg consumption of children in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Blum Lauren S. , Swartz Haley , Olisenekwu Gloria , Erhabor Irowa , Gonzalez Wendy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdequate intake of high‐quality nutritious foods during infancy and early childhood is critical to achieving optimal growth, cognitive and behavioural development, and economic productivity later in life. Integrating high‐quality and nutrient‐dense animal source foods (ASFs), a major source of protein and micronutrients, into children's diets is increasingly considered essential to reducing the global burden of malnutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries. While eggs are an ASF that shows promise for mitigating child undernutrition, interventions promoting egg consumption among children have had mixed results in improving egg intake and child growth outcomes. As part of an evaluation of a demand creation campaign promoting egg consumption, qualitative research was carried out in September 2019 to assess sociocultural and household factors affecting egg intake among young children living in Kaduna State, Nigeria, where a thriving egg industry and childhood stunting rates of 50% exist. Methods included freelisting exercises (11), key informant interviews (11), in‐depth interviews (25) and FGDs (4). Results illuminated cultural rules that restrict egg consumption among children living in low‐income households. These rules and norms reflect social and economic valuations that foster male dominance in household decision‐making and guide food purchasing and intrahousehold food allocation that allow men to consume eggs more regularly. Study results highlight sociocultural considerations when selecting food interventions to address child malnutrition in low‐income contexts. Interventions encouraging increased consumption of ASFs, and specifically eggs in young children, should be informed by formative research to understand sociocultural norms and beliefs guiding egg consumption.
On Hare's attempt to bridge the Kantian‐consequentialist gap: A response to Forschler's rejoinder
Authors: Wall Edmund 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn a paper in this journal (Wall 2016), the author of the present paper critiqued Scott Forschler's attempt (2013) to establish that Jens Timmermann's argument (2005) against R. M. Hare's attempt (1981) to bridge the Kantian‐consequentialist gap is unsuccessful. Forschler's thesis is that Hare's utilitarianism is strictly normative, not metaethical. In Hare's ethical rationalism, which is metaethical but contains no intrinsic ends (Forschler 2013), reason determines the proper ends, and preference satisfaction has no value prior to reason's determinations (Forschler 2013). The present author responded that Hare's moral approach presupposes that preference satisfaction is the ultimate end (Wall 2016) and that an analysis of preference satisfaction in Hare's moral approach cannot be confined to normative ethics. Forschler's rejoinder (2017) suggests that Hare's moral theory was misinterpreted by the author, who now shows that such a judgment results from significant oversights concerning the foundation of Hare's moral theory and utilitarian foundations.
The Relationship between Frontal, Axial Leg Alignment, and Ankle Joint Line Orientation—a Radiographic Analysis of Healthy Subjects
Authors: Hodel Sandro , Cavalcanti Nicola , Fucentese Sandro , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Viehöfer Arnd , Wirth Stephan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAnkle joint line orientation (AJLO) is influenced by the subtalar foot and frontal leg alignment. However, the influence of axial leg alignment on AJLO remains unclear. The study aimed to analyze the influence of frontal, axial leg alignment on AJLO in healthy subjects.MethodsThirty healthy subjects (60 legs) without prior surgery underwent standing biplanar long leg radiograph (LLR) between 2016 and 2020. AJLO was measured in standing long‐leg radiographs relative to the ground. Meary's angle and calcaneal pitch were measured. Hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), femoral antetorsion, and tibial torsion were assessed with SterEOS software (EOS Imaging, Paris, France). LLR was acquired with the feet directing straight anteriorly, which corresponds to a neutral foot progression angle (FPA). The influence of subtalar, frontal, and axial alignment on AJLO was analyzed in a multiple regression model.ResultsAn increase in knee valgus increased relative valgus AJLO by 0.5° (95% CI: 0.2° to 0.7°) per 1° (P < 0.001). A decrease in femoral antetorsion increased relative valgus AJLO by 0.2° (95% CI: 0.1° to 0.2°) per 1° (P < 0.001), whereas Meary's angle and calcaneal pitch did not influence AJLO.ConclusionA link between frontal, axial leg alignment, and AJLO could be demonstrated, indicating that a valgus leg alignment and relative femoral retrotorsion are associated with an increase of valgus AJLO in healthy subjects when placing their feet in a neutral position. Alteration of the frontal, or rotational profile after realignment surgery or by implant positioning might influence the AJLO, when the FPA is kept constant.