bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A predicament of oxygen supply system at an Indian hospital during COVID-19
Authors: Singh Ankit , Kulkarni Meenal , Poojari Avinash 
Published: August 2022

Research methodology
This case is based on a project carried out in a tertiary care hospital of the Northeastern region of India for a period of eight months and is written by Dr Ankit Singh, Dr Meenal Kulkarni and Mr Avinash Poojari. The case was developed with the help of the hospital’s management team, disguised on request as Mr Raghugopal Ramalinga (Chief Hospital Administrator), Mr Suresh Kumar (Chief Engineer), Ms Linney Krubah (Chief Nursing Superintendent), Dr Premanand Ale (Chief Medical Superintendent) and Mr Srikrishna Shukla (Chief Finance Officer).

Case overview/synopsis
This case is about Trident Hospital, which faces issues pertaining to oxygen supply. Oxygen supply at Trident Hospitals is through three options as highlighted in the case, but due to the lack of preventive maintenance and no risk assessment done for the crucial medical oxygen, interruptions and additional work for the staff became a common phenomenon. The existing situation can lead to patient harm or death and can attract medico-negligence suit against the hospital, threatening the overall existence of the hospital. The hospital administrator is currently viewing the problem from only the cost perspective, which is a high-risk and a short-term approach.

Complexity academic level
Students pursuing full time/part time/diploma programme in health-care management, hospital administration/hospital operations; and undergraduate and post-graduate level students.
Race, work history, and the employment recidivism relationship
Authors: Kolbeck Simon G. , Bellair Paul E. , Lopez Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies have found that race, work history, postprison employment, and recidivism are intertwined, suggesting that race and work history may shape the employment–recidivism relationship in nuanced, yet underexplored ways. Additionally, the literature has yet to settle on what kinds of employment patterns matter most for recidivism. These issues are especially important to resolve given contemporary concerns about mass incarceration and racial disparities among citizens returning from prison. To investigate these questions, we analyze administrative prison records, unemployment insurance (UI) quarterly data, and a recidivism follow‐up documenting multiple failures for approximately eight years. Frailty models, which address unobserved heterogeneity among those prone to multiple recidivism events, reveal that establishing a recent work history unlocks the protective effect of employment, and that the relationship between postprison employment and recidivism does not vary by race. We also find that being sporadically employed is as protective as being more consistently employed. Our findings imply that employment contributes to racial disparities in recidivism via racialized barriers to labor market participation rather than via differential effects. Our results further suggest that addressing barriers to employment, especially for those with no work history and those facing racialized barriers to labor market entry, could significantly reduce recidivism.
Clinical utility of technetium‐99m‐labelled leukocyte scan in diagnosis of vascular infections
Authors: Vasquez Leon , Ong QiHao , Zaman Zubayr , Allen Berry , Khashram Manar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnosis of vascular graft infections and infected aneurysms via conventional methods such as computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) can often be challenging. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques can detect infection in these difficult cases. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of technetium‐99m‐labelled leukocyte scans in diagnosing vascular graft infections in our centre.MethodsThere were 164 patient‐scans identified over a 16‐year period. The electronic clinical records, laboratory findings and radiology of these patients were reviewed. An adapted case definition of infection was defined using the criteria proposed by the Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration. There were 43 patients identified to have vascular indications and had sufficient information to be divided into infected and non‐infected groups. Imaging and reports of the leucocyte scans in these patients were analysed to calculate specificity and sensitivity.ResultsOverall sensitivity of leucocyte scans to detect vascular infection was 78.1% and specificity of 81.8% with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.30 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.27. Two false positives in patients with aortic grafts; one patient possibly had concurrent gastrointestinal infection and continued antibiotic treatment. The other patient had persistent uptake around an endoleak and was treated with lifelong antibiotics for aortic vascular graft infection on the basis of the leucocyte scan; no other clinical or laboratory evidence was found to fulfil the case definition of the vascular graft infection.ConclusionTechnetium‐99m‐labelled leukocyte scan can be a useful adjuvant test in diagnosing suspected vascular infections in this uncommon presentation.
Comparing invasive and noninvasive faecal sampling in wildlife microbiome studies: A case study on wild common cranes
Authors: Turjeman Sondra , Pekarsky Sasha , Corl Ammon , Kamath Pauline L. , Getz Wayne M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Markin Yuri , Nathan Ran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn ecological and conservation studies, responsible researchers strive to obtain rich data while minimizing disturbance to wildlife and ecosystems. We assessed if samples collected noninvasively can be used for faecal microbiome research, comparing microbiota of noninvasively collected faecal samples to those collected from trapped common cranes at the same sites over the same periods. We found significant differences in faecal microbial composition (alpha and beta diversity), which likely did not result from noninvasive sample exposure to soil contaminants, as assessed by comparing bacterial oxygen use profiles. Differences might result from trapped birds' exposure to sedatives or stress. We conclude that if all samples are collected in the same manner, comparative analyses are valid, and noninvasive sampling may better represent host faecal microbiota because there are no trapping effects. Experiments with fresh and delayed sample collection can elucidate effects of environmental exposures on microbiota. Further, controlled tests of stressing or sedation may unravel how trapping affects wildlife microbiota.
An overview of the relationship between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and potential environmental risk factors: Do early childhood habits or habitat play a role in the affair?
Authors: Koker Oya , Aliyeva Ayten , Sahin Sezgin , Adrovic Amra , Yildiz Mehmet , Haslak Fatih , Gunalp Aybuke , Barut Kenan , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe current study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of breastfeeding on the development and outcome measures of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The second aim was to determine the consequences of particular sociodemographic and sociocultural characteristics and nutritional behavior of early childhood on JIA.MethodsThe study includes the patients diagnosed with JIA and regularly followed up at the Department of Pediatric Rheumatology in Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa. The comparison group consisted of healthy subjects and patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A face‐to‐face survey method was conducted with the parents of the participants between February 1, 2021, and September 1, 2021.ResultsThe mean age of the JIA cohort (n = 324) was 12.2 ± 4.7 years, with a female ratio of 64.8%. The breastfeeding rate differed from the control groups (253 healthy subjects and 88 patients with jSLE) but was higher with a value of 94.8%. There was no difference between the groups (P = .097, P = .064) or within the subgroups of JIA (P = .12) regarding breastfeeding duration. Cow's milk introduction time (P = .02, P = .0001), household pet‐keeping (P = .001), income level (P = .0001), maternal literacy (P = 0.013) made a statistical difference vs the control groups.ConclusionNo relationship was established between the rate or duration of breastfeeding and the development or severity of JIA. The early introduction of cow's milk was found to be higher in the patient cohorts. The income level and maternal literacy appeared to be relevant with the high disability and damage scores, and frequent relapse rates. Secondhand smoking, higher in JIA, may prompt the basis of primary preventable strategies in JIA.
Prognostic factors for long‐term survival following complete resection by lobectomy in stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Galata Christian , Messerschmidt Antje , Kostic Marko , Karampinis Ioannis , Roessner Eric , El Beyrouti Hazem , Schneider Thomas , Stamenovic Davor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate predictors for long‐term overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients undergoing complete resection by lobectomy for stage I NSCLC between October 2012 and December 2015 at a single center were included. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.ResultsA total of 92 patients were included. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, p = 0.005), preoperative diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO, p = 0.010) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, p = 0.041) as well as male gender (p = 0.026) as independent prognostic factors for OS. Combining the calculated cutoff values for FEV1 (<73.0%) and NLR (>3.49) into one parameter resulted in a highly significant difference in survival times when stratified by this variable.ConclusionsRecently, much emphasis has been put on the prognostic importance of blood biomarkers in NSCLC. In our study, NLR was an independent factor for OS, as were baseline characteristics such as DLCO, FEV1, and gender. Further studies on the association of biomarkers for systemic inflammation and lung function parameters with respect to patient survival are warranted.
Morphological and functional relationship between the orbital gland and olfaction in Upupa epops (hoopoe) and Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret)
Authors: Al‐Nefeiy Fatma A. , Shawki Nahed A. , Mahmoud Fatma A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study used both anatomical and histological techniques to investigate the orbital gland's topographic relationship with the surrounding system, using the hoopoe and cattle egret as biological models. Hoopoe has a spindle‐shaped lacrimal gland that is suspended on the lateral edge of the frontal bone, whereas cattle egret has a tiny lacrimal gland that is embedded posteriorly within the periorbital fascia. The hoopoe's lacrimal gland has a single duct that runs parallel to the nasolacrimal duct and opens into the posterior nostril hole. In the cattle egret, the tubule‐alveolar secretory components comprise neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. In addition, the Harderian gland is found in both these species, but their draining ducts differ; the Harderian gland of the hoopoe opens into the anterodorsal to the conjunctival fornix, whereas the Harderian gland of the egret opens anteriorly. In both hoopoe and egret, the secretions of Harderian gland include neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. The Harderian gland is categorized as type II in hoopoe and type I in cattle egrets. The present results concluded that both orbital glands of two bird species studied play an essential role in eye health, where cleaning and lubrication of the cornea surface. Furthermore, the lacrimal gland's location and secretory features may strengthen the olfactory sensitivity of hoopoe, which relies heavily on scent to locate their food, whereas egret relies heavily on visual cues.
A splice site variant inTCTN3underlies an atypical form of orofaciodigital syndrome IV
Authors: Hussain Shabir , Nawaz Shoaib , Khan Hammal , Acharya Anushree , Schrauwen Isabelle , Ahmad Wasim , Leal Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is clinically heterogeneous and is characterized by abnormalities in the oral cavity, facial features, digits, and central nervous system. At least 18 subtypes of the condition have been described in the literature. OFD is caused by variants in several genes with overlapping phenotypes. We studied a consanguineous Pakistani family with two affected siblings with an atypical form of OFD type 4 (OFD4). In addition to the typical features of OFD4 that include limb defects and growth retardation, the siblings displayed rare features of scaphocephaly and seizures. Exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel homozygous splice site variant c.257‐1G>A inTCTN3that segregated with disease. This homozygous splice site variant inTCTN3is most likely the underlying cause of the atypical form of OFD4 observed in this family. Our results contribute to the phenotypic spectrum ofTCTN3associated ciliopathies and will facilitate better clinical diagnosis.
Health, well‐being and quality of life in aged care: Validation of theoretical domains to inform a person‐centred outcomes measurement framework
Authors: Taylor Susan , Walton Rebecca , Martini Angelita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe constructs of health, well‐being and quality of life are not routinely understood or measured for people accessing aged care services. This study aimed to identify and validate theoretical domains of health, well‐being and quality of life for recipients of care, their informal carers and staff, and inform the development of a person‐centred outcomes measurement framework.MethodsFirst, a rapid review to identify recurrent domains of health, well‐being and quality‐of‐life in aged care, using systematic searches of electronic databases, and review of grey literature, following the PRISMA guidelines. Second, establish content validity of identified domains using (a) Delphi technique with n = 134 aged care staff, care recipients and caregivers, and (b) comparability with categories within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and ICF Geriatric Core Set.ResultsFrom 972 records detected in the rapid review, 19 peer‐reviewed research articles and 27 grey literature sources were included in the content analysis. Twenty‐four domains and 109 concepts were identified, and health, quality of life, security and food and nutrition were ranked as the most important. One domain, cognition, linked to both the Geriatric Core Set and ICF, and 37% of domains and 39% of concepts were evident within the ICF.ConclusionsThis study identified and validated 24 important domains of health, well‐being and quality of life for the older person receiving care, their informal carers and staff. These domains can be used to guide the selection of outcome measures and facilitate person‐centred care and care planning.
Varicocoele‐associated male infertility: Cellular and molecular perspectives of pathophysiology
Authors: Arya Deepshikha , Balasinor Nafisa , Singh Dipty 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundVaricocoele is a common risk factor associated with reduced male fertility potential. The current understanding of varicocoele pathophysiology does not completely explain the clinical manifestation of infertility. The present treatment options such as antioxidant supplementation and varicocoelectomy only help ≈35% of men to achieve spontaneous pregnancy.ObjectiveThis review aims to summarize the available knowledge on cellular and molecular alterations implicated to varicocoele‐associated male infertility and also highlights the new knowledge generated by “omics” technologies.Materials and MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases are searched using different combinations of keywords (varicocoele, infertile/fertile men with varicocoele, cellular changes, molecular mechanisms, proteome, epigenome, transcriptome and metabolome). A total of 229 relevant human and animal studies published till 2021 were included in this review.ResultsCurrent understanding advocates oxidative stress (OS) as a major contributory factor to varicocoele‐associated male infertility. Excessive OS causes alteration in testicular microenvironment and sperm DNA fragmentation, which further contributes to infertility. Molecular and omics studies have identified several promising biomarkers such as AAMP, SPINT1, MKI67 (genetic markers), sperm quality and function related protein markers, global sperm DNA methylation level (epigenetic marker), Hspa2, Protamine, Gadd7, Dynlt1 and Beclin1 (mRNA markers), PRDX2, HSPA, APOA2, YKL40 (seminal protein markers), total choline and PHGDH (metabolic markers).DiscussionMature spermatozoa harbours a plethora of molecular information in form of proteome, epigenome and transcriptome, which could provide very important clues regarding pathophysiology of varicocoele‐associated infertility. Recent molecular and omics studies in infertile men with varicocoele have identified several promising biomarkers. Upon further validation with larger and well‐defined studies, some of these biomarkers could aid in varicocoele management.ConclusionThe present evidences suggest that inclusion of OS and sperm DNA fragmentation tests could be useful to the diagnostic workup for men with varicocoele. Furthermore, including precise molecular markers may assist in diagnostics and prognostics of varicocoele‐associated male infertility.
Temporal continuity and adjacent land use exert different effects on richness of grassland specialists and alien plants in semi‐natural grassland
Authors: Noda Akira , Yamanouchi Takashi , Kobayashi Kakeru , Nishihiro Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsGrassland plant species diversity is affected by local, temporal and landscape environmental factors, but what is the relative importance of those factors? Understanding this is crucial for the effective conservation of grassland vegetation. We analyzed the factors affecting species richness to contribute to native species conservation and alien species management in grassland vegetation.LocationSemi‐natural grasslands in Shiroi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.MethodsThe species composition in 36 grasslands was surveyed in 2014. Plants were classified as native grassland specialist, other native or alien species. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were developed, with the number of species in each plant type as the response variable and local (habitat area, use of mowing management), landscape (adjacent land use, connectivity to other grassland habitats) and temporal (period for which the grassland has been preserved from development, i.e., temporal continuity) factors as explanatory variables. Other GLM were developed with the presence/absence of each species as a response variable and three factors as explanatory variables.ResultsHabitat area, use of mowing management and temporal continuity were most important in explaining the number of grassland specialist species and had significant positive effects on their richness. Species‐based analysis identified a significant positive effect of temporal continuity on grassland specialist species. By contrast, habitat area and adjacent land use were most related to alien species richness. The number of alien species was high in grasslands adjacent to farmlands or roads.ConclusionsThe relative importance of temporal and spatial factors differs between native grassland specialists and alien species. Mowing is effective for the conservation of grassland specialists’ species diversity, particularly in historically old grasslands. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the invasion of alien species from adjacent residential or agricultural areas.
Healing trauma with interprofessional collaboration and trauma‐informed perinatal care: A qualitative case study
Authors: Horan Holly , Ryu Jean , Stone Jennifer , Thurston Lydia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe interprofessional education collaborative (IPEC) core competencies (CCs) describe standards for effective interprofessional health care practice and education; these standards are updated periodically based on stakeholder feedback. The purpose of this project was to use a qualitative case study approach to describe one multiparous birth trauma survivor's fifth birth experience with an interprofessional birth care team (IBCT) and to juxtapose her experiences and perspectives with the IPEC core competencies (IPEC CCs). This approach enabled us to identify strengths and gaps in the standards for interprofessional health care education and practice specific to perinatal care.MethodsOne in‐depth, open‐ended, semi‐structured interview was conducted to elicit the participant's fifth birth experience. Information from her previous births and the IPEC CCs was used to design the interview guide, and we used independent, deductive, consensus coding to identify themes from verbatim transcripts.ResultsThree themes were identified: (a) Establishing a therapeutic patient‐provider relationship; (b) Prioritizing communication, respect, and knowledge in person‐centered care; and (c) Shared decision‐making as the crux of collaborative care. The participant's narrative elevated person‐centered, trauma‐informed care (TIC) principles as critical to effective interprofessional birth care and as essential threads for the IPEC CCs.ConclusionsOne survivor's positive experience after prior birth trauma illustrates the critical role IPEC CCs may play in collaborative perinatal care provided by IBCTs. In our analysis, we also identify the need to explicitly incorporate TIC principles and person‐centered language in health care competencies that support the standards for perinatal health care education and practice.