bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the knowledge, perception, and practice of healthcare practitioners toward rational use of compounded medications and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Assefa Desta , Paulos Getahun , Kebebe Dereje , Alemu Sintayehu , Reta Wondu , Mulugeta Temesgen , Gashe Fanta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmaceutical compounding ensures access of individuals with specific requirements to individualized therapy. However, there is an inconsistency of compounded medication quality. Therefore, advancing the rational use of compounded medication is essential for patient safety and medication effectiveness.

Objective
The presented study was aimed to investigate the healthcare practitioners’ knowledge, perception, and practice of extemporaneous compounding and its contribution to the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

Method
A descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted. The study participants were 300 healthcare practitioners working in Jimma University Medical Center, hospital pharmacies, and community pharmacies in Jimma and Mettu Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Results
Most respondents were pharmacists (62.7%) and first-degree holders (48.3%). The majority of them had experience in administering (57.7%), preparing (38%), prescribing (21%), and repackaging and labeling (14%) compounded medications. Commonly they request compounded medications when prepackaged products (77.7%) and needed dosage regimens (72.3%) were not available in the market. However, most of them believed that compounded medications might lack quality (49%) and had poor patient compliance (40.7%). Moreover, they fear that inappropriate preparation processes (75%) and under-dose administration (59%) of compounded medication might contribute to the development and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusion
Most healthcare practitioners practice rational use of compounded medications and strongly agree that inappropriate compounding of antimicrobials contributes to antimicrobial resistance development.
METTL3/IGF2BP3 axis inhibits tumor immune surveillance by upregulating N6-methyladenosine modification of PD-L1 mRNA in breast cancer
Authors: Wan Weijun , Ao Xiang , Chen Quan , Yu Yang , Ao Luoquan , Xing Wei , Guo Wei , Wu Xiaofeng , Pu Chengxiu , Hu Xueting , Li Zhan , Yao Mengwei , Luo Donglin , Xu Xiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinual expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells is critical for tumor immune escape and host T cell exhaustion, however, knowledge on its clinical benefits through inhibition is limited in breast cancer. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in multiple biological activities. Our study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of the m6A modification in PD-L1 expression and immune surveillance in breast cancer.MethodsMeRIP-seq and epitranscriptomic microarray identified that PD-L1 is the downstream target of METTL3. MeRIP-qPCR, absolute quantification of m6A modification assay, and RIP-qPCR were used to examine the molecular mechanism underlying METTL3/m6A/IGF2BP3 signaling axis in PD-L1 expression. B-NDG and BALB/c mice were used to construct xenograft tumor models to verify the phenotypes upon METTL3 and IGF2BP3 silencing. In addition, breast cancer tissue microarray was used to analyze the correlation between PD-L1 and METTL3 or IGF2BP3 expression.ResultsWe identified that PD-L1 was a downstream target of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in breast cancer cells. METTL3 knockdown significantly abolished m6A modification and reduced stabilization of PD-L1 mRNA. Additionally, METTL3-mediated PD-L1 mRNA activation was m6A-IGF2BP3-dependent. Moreover, inhibition of METTL3 or IGF2BP3 enhanced anti-tumor immunity through PD-L1-mediated T cell activation, exhaustion, and infiltration both in vitro and in vivo. PD-L1 expression was also positively correlated with METTL3 and IGF2BP3 expression in breast cancer tissues.ConclusionOur study suggested that METTL3 could post-transcriptionally upregulate PD-L1 expression in an m6A-IGF2BP3-dependent manner to further promote stabilization of PD-L1 mRNA, which may have important implications for new and efficient therapeutic strategies in the tumor immunotherapy.
Impact of prehabilitation during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval cytoreductive surgery on ovarian cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Miralpeix Ester , Sole-Sedeno Josep-Maria , Rodriguez-Cosmen Cristina , Taus Alvaro , Muns Maria-Dolors , Fabregó Berta , Mancebo Gemma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytoreductive surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy is the standard of treatment in advanced ovarian cancer where feasible. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery is applicable where upfront cytoreductive surgery is not feasible because of few certain reasons. Nevertheless, surgical interventions and the chemotherapy itself may be associated with postoperative complications usually entailing slow postoperative recovery. Prehabilitation programs consist of the patient’s preparation before surgery to improve the patient’s functional capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prehabilitation program during neoadjuvant treatment and interval cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational pilot study of patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with NACT and interval cytoreductive surgery was conducted. The prehabilitation group received a structured intervention based on physical exercise, nutritional counseling, and psychological support. Nutritional parameters were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively, and functional parameters and perioperative and postoperative complications were also recorded.

Results
A total of 29 patients were included in the study: 14 in the prehabilitation group and 15 in the control group. The patients in the prehabilitation program showed higher mean total protein levels in both preoperative (7.4 vs. 6.8, p = 0.004) and postoperative (4.9 vs. 4.3, p = 0.005) assessments. Up to 40% of controls showed intraoperative complications vs. 14.3% of patients in the prehabilitation group, and the requirement of intraoperative blood transfusion was significantly lower in the prehabilitation group (14.3% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.027). The day of the first ambulation, rate of postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay were similar between the groups. Finally, trends towards shorter time between diagnosis and interval cytoreductive surgery (p = 0.097) and earlier postoperative diet restart (p = 0.169) were observed in the prehabilitation group.

Conclusion
Prehabilitation during NACT in women with ovarian cancer candidates to interval cytoreductive surgery may improve nutritional parameters and thereby increase postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, the results of this pilot study are preliminary, and further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of prehabilitation programs.
Injection of hydrogel spacer increased maximal intrafractional prostate motion in anterior and superior directions during volumetric modulated arc therapy-stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Sawayanagi Subaru , Yamashita Hideomi , Ogita Mami , Takenaka Ryosuke , Nozawa Yuki , Watanabe Yuichi , Imae Toshikazu , Abe Osamu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to clarify the association between intrafractional prostate shift and hydrogel spacer.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients who received definitive volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer with prostate motion monitoring in our institution in 2018–2019 were retrospectively evaluated. In order to move the rectum away from the prostate, hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR system, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, the United States) injection was proposed to the patients as an option in case of meeting the indication of use. We monitored intrafractional prostate motion by using a 4-dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound device: the Clarity 4D ultrasound system (Elekta AB). The deviation of the prostate was monitored in each direction: superior-inferior, left–right, and anterior–posterior. We also calculated the vector length. The maximum intrafractional displacement (MID) per fraction for each direction was detected and mean of MIDs was calculated per patient. The MIDs in the non-spacer group and the spacer group were compared using the unpaired t-test.

Results
We reviewed 33 fractions in eight patients as the spacer group and 148 fractions in 30 patients as the non-spacer group. The superior MID was 0.47 ± 0.07 (mean ± SE) mm versus 0.97 ± 0.24 mm (P = 0.014), the inferior MID was 1.07 ± 0.11 mm versus 1.03 ± 0.25 mm (P = 0.88), the left MID was 0.74 ± 0.08 mm versus 0.87 ± 0.27 mm (P = 0.55), the right MID was 0.67 ± 0.08 mm versus 0.92 ± 0.21 mm (P = 0.17), the anterior MID was 0.45 ± 0.06 mm versus 1.16 ± 0.35 mm (P = 0.0023), and the posterior MID was 1.57 ± 0.17 mm versus 1.37 ± 0.22 mm (P = 0.56) in the non-spacer group and the spacer group, respectively. The max of VL was 2.24 ± 0.19 mm versus 2.89 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.19), respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that maximum intrafractional prostate motion during VMAT-SBRT was larger in patients with hydrogel spacer injection in the superior and anterior directions. Since this difference seemed not to disturb the dosimetric advantage of the hydrogel spacer, we do not recommend routine avoidance of the hydrogel spacer use.
Are there reasons behind high Handrub consumption? A French National in-depth qualitative assessment
Authors: Berthod Delphine , Alvarez Dara , Perozziello Anne , Chabrol Fanny , Lucet Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure for preventing healthcare-associated infections. A significant correlation between alcohol-based handrub consumption (AHRC) and observed HH compliance rates has been established. In France, publicly reported AHRC displayed a large heterogeneity across healthcare facilities (HCFs). We aimed to describe programmes for promoting HH in the top and medium AHRC scorers and to assess factors and drivers leading to a high AHRC score in a panel of French HCFs.

Methods
We performed a nationwide qualitative comparative case study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews in 16 HCFs with high, 4-year AHRC scores, and a sample of seven university hospitals (UHs) with medium AHRC scores. Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPC) members (n = 62), quality managers/chief executive officers (n = 23) and frontline workers (n = 6) were interviewed, using a grounded theory approach and an iterative thematic approach.

Results
Ninety-one interviews were performed. There was a large heterogeneity in IPC structures and objectives, with specific patterns associated with high AHRC that were more organisational than technical. Four areas emerged: (1) strong cohesive team structure with supportive and outcome-oriented work attitude, (2) IPC structure within the organization, (3) active support from the institution, (4) leadership and role model. Among high AHRC scorers, a good core IPC organisation, a proactive and flexible management, a frequent presence in the clinical wards, and working in a constructive safety climate were prominent.

Conclusion
We highlighted that IPC structure and activity is heterogeneous, with organisational and behavioural characteristics associated with high AHRC score. Beyond technical challenge, our work underlines the importance of strong structure of the IPC and behavioural approaches in implementing key IPC programmes.
Low-dose radiation treatment for painful plantar enthesophyte: a highly effective therapy with little side effects
Authors: Djiepmo Freddy , Tamaskovics Bálint , Bölke Edwin , Peiper Matthias , Haussmann Jan , Neuwahl Judith , Jazmati Danny , Maas Kitti , Schmidt Livia , Gelzhäuser Roman , Schleich Christoph , Corradini Stefanie , Orth Klaus , van Griensven Martijn , Rezazadeh Amir , Karimi Kimia , Budach Wilfried , Matuschek Christiane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimPlantar enthesophyte is a common degenerative disorder. Surgical and medical treatment options are associated with either poor outcome or high percentage of relapse. Observations have indicated a beneficial effect of radiation therapy. We therefore wanted to evaluate pain reduction using orthovolt or cobalt-based radiation treatment for painful plantar enthesophyte and determine long-term response as well as prognostic parameters in this condition.MethodsWe identified a total of 102 consecutive patients treated for a total of 117 symptomatic heel spurs. 59 patients were treated with cobalt radiation, 31 patients with orthovolt therapy and 12 patients with both radiation systems. Primary outcome measure was pain reduction being scored using the modified Rowe Score prior therapy, at the end of each treatment series as well as after 6 weeks. Secondary outcome measure was long-term outcome, evaluated in patients with a follow-up period of longer than 3 years.ResultsBefore radiation therapy, 61 patients (60.4%) had a score of 0, significant strong pain. At the time of completion of radiation treatment, 3 patients (2.7%) were pain-free (score of 30), whereas 8 patients (7.9%) had still severe pain (score 0). 6 weeks after radiation therapy, 33 patients (32.7%) were pain-free and 8 patients (7.9%) had severe pain (score 0), while at the time data of collection, 74 patients (73%) were free of pain and 1 patient (1%) had strong pain (score 0). Duration of pain before the start of radiation treatment was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.012) for response to treatment.ConclusionRadiotherapy of painful plantar enthesophyte is a highly effective therapy with little side effects providing long-term therapeutic response. The only significant prognostic parameter for response to treatment is the duration of pre-radiation therapy pain. Early integration of radiation therapy in the treatment seems to result in superior pain reduction.
Castanospermine suppresses CD44 ectodomain cleavage as revealed by transmembrane bioluminescent sensors
Authors: Noda Natsumi , Ozawa Takeaki 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein that is a widely distributed cell-surface adhesion molecule. CD44 undergoes ectodomain cleavage by membrane-associated metalloproteinases in breast cancer cells. Cleavage plays a critical role in cancer cell migration by mediating the interaction between CD44 and the extracellular matrix. To explore inhibitors of CD44 ectodomain cleavage, we developed two bioluminescent sensors for the detection of CD44 ectodomain cleavage. The sensors were designed as two-transmembrane proteins with split-luciferase fragments, one of which was cyclized by protein trans-splicing of a DnaE intein. These two sensors emit light by the cyclization or the spontaneous complementation of the luciferase fragments. The luminescence intensities decreased upon cleavage of the ectodomain in breast cancer cells. The sensors revealed that castanospermine, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed the ectodomain cleavage of endogenous CD44 in breast cancer cells. Castanospermine also inhibited breast cancer cell invasion. Thus, the sensors are beneficial tools for evaluating the effects of different inhibitors.
Simplified image acquisition and detection of ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis with fixed short inversion time magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Polacin Malgorzata , Karolyi Mihaly , Blüthgen Christian , Pilz Nik , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesLate gadolinium enhancement with fixed short inversion time (LGEshort) provides excellent tissue contrast with dark scar and bright blood pool and does not need prior myocardial nulling. We hypothesize better visibility of ischemic scars and equal visibility of non-ischemic LGE in LGEshortcompared to clinically established LGE (LGEstandard).MethodsLGEshortand LGEstandardwere retrospectively evaluated in 179 patients (3043 segments) with suspected or known coronary artery disease by four blinded readers (reader A: most experienced - D: least experienced). The amount of ischemic and non-ischemic LGE as well as visibility (4: very good – 1: poor) of ischemic LGE was visually assessed.ResultsAll readers detected more infarcted segments in LGEshortcompared to LGEstandard(378 segments reported as infarcted; A:p = 0.5, B:p = 0.8, C,D:p = 0.03). Scar visibility was scored higher in LGEshortby all readers (A,B:p = 0.03; C,D:p = 0.02), especially for subendocardial infarcts (A,B:p = 0.04, C,D:p = 0.02). Less experienced readers detected significantly more infarcted papillary muscles (C:p = 0.02, D:p = 0.03) in a shorter reading time in LGEshort(C:p = 0.04, D:p = 0.02). Non-ischemic LGE was equally visible in both sequences (A:p = 0.9, B:p = 0.8, C,D:p = 0.6).ConclusionsLGEshortdetects more ischemic LGE with improved scar visibility compared to LGEstandard, independent of experience level. The visibility of non-ischemic LGE is equivalent to LGEstandard. Less experienced readers can diagnose ischemic and non-ischemic LGE faster in LGEshort.Advances in knowledge:LGEshortwith its maximal operational simplicity can be used for visualization of all types of fibrosis – ischemic and non-ischemic – instead of LGEstandard, independent of experience level.
Темы-табу и темы-фавориты в воспоминаниях о принудительном переселении
Authors: Коваль-Фучило Ирина 
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена анализу популярных и табуированных, мало вербализированных тем, мотивов, сюжетов в воспоминаниях о принудительном переселении из зон затопления в результате строительства ГЭС в Украине (строительство велось в 1932–1978 годах на Днепре и в 1973–1981 годах на Днестре). Популярными темами являются идеализация потерянного места, рассказы о взаимопомощи, акцент на потере дома, земли, общины, могил, кладбищ, описание встреч переселенцев одной деревни. Малопопулярными темами являются рассказы о достижениях в результате переселения, о преимуществах и новых возможностях переселенцев. На подбор тем влияет выбранная стратегия самопрезентации, личный опыт рассказчика, актуальные настроения в обществе, в местной общине. Оценка переселения зависит также от возраста респондентов. Так, самым тяжелым это событие было для людей, которые в то время были среднего и старшего возраста, и которые были вынуждены разрушать свой дом, строить жилье на новом месте, привыкать к новым условиям. В рассказах людей, которые во время переселения были детьми, акценты несколько смещены, среди их любимых тем – рассказы о встречах бывших односельчан, размышления о целесообразности ГЭС, об экологическом ущербе вследствие этого строительства. Материал статьи – устные воспоминания о переселении, записанные в течение 2012–2019 годов в местах массового переселения людей из затопленных сел.
Magnetohydrodynamic and Ferrohydrodynamic Interactions on the Biomagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer Containing Magnetic Particles Along a Stretched Cylinder
Authors: Alam Jahangir , Murtaza M. G. , Tzirtzilakis Efstratios , Ferdows Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the laminar, incompressible and viscous flow of a biomagnetic fluid containing Fe33O44 magnetic particles, through a two dimensional stretched cylinder is numerically studied in the presence of a magnetic dipole. The extended formulation of Biomagnetic Fluid Dynamics (BFD) which involves the principles of MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) and FerroHydroDynamic (FHD) is adopted. The pressure terms are also taken consideration. The physical problem which is described by a coupled system of partial differential equations along with corresponding boundary conditions is converted to a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations subject to analogous boundary conditions utilizing similarity approach. The numerical solution is obtained by using an efficient technique which is based on a common finite difference method with central differencing, a tridigonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. For verification proposes a comparison with previously published results is also made. The numerous results concerning the axial velocity, temperature, pressure, skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and wall pressure parameter are presented for various values of the parameters. The axial velocity is decreased as the ferromagnetic number increases, temperature is enhanced with increasing values of the magnetic parameter.
How should we secure the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A UK-wide survey of clinical practice and systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis
Authors: Arkle T , Lam S , Toogood G , Kumar B 
Published: February 2022

Introduction It is currently unknown which method of cystic duct closure is most effective at reducing the risk of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aims of this work were to determine the most common closure methods used in the UK and review available evidence on which method has the lowest risk of bile leak. Methods We conducted an online survey through the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS). We also undertook a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared different methods for cystic duct occlusion and reported postoperative bile leak. Findings There was significant variation in practice between consultant surgeons. For routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy metal clips were used most (64%) followed by locking polymer clips (33%) and suture ties (3%). In cases of a dilated cystic duct, preferences were locking polymer clips (60%), suture ties (30%) and metal clips (5%). We included six studies in our review with a total of 8,011 patients. Metal clips were associated with an increased odds of bile leak compared with locking polymer clips (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.13–28.41, p=0.04) or suture ties (OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.72–24.31, p=0.12). Most studies were retrospective, unlikely to be adequately powered, and vulnerable to selection bias. Conclusions Limited available evidence suggests that metal clips have the highest risk of bile leak, but results are not strong enough to recommend a change in current clinical practice. A trial is now required to determine the best method of cystic duct closure.
Line contact ring magnetorheological finishing process for precision polishing of optics
Authors: Kumar Baghel Prabhat , Singh Gavel Khushwant , Sayeed Khan Gufran , Kumar Raj 
Published: February 2022

A line contact ring magnetorheological finishing (RMRF) process is conceptualized and developed for the finishing of precision optical surfaces. This tool is analogous to the cup wheel tool widely used in the optical industry for forming and fine grinding but semi-rigid in nature, thus removing high irregularities preferentially. This paper presents detailed simulations of the development of the new, to the best of our knowledge, RMRF tool and its experimental use and suitability in the polishing process. The line contact interaction between the workpiece and magnetorheological fluid present in the annular region is responsible for the finishing mechanism. The material removal rate and influence function of the RMRF process were calculated, which is essential and used for corrective polishing. The volumetric material removal rate was

0.0010406

m
m

3

/

min

with surface roughness of 5.94 nm; however, it can be increased with optimization of machine parameters such as gap, tool rotation, current, etc. Using this RMRF process, a polishing experiment was done over an NBK-7 glass workpiece of 40 mm aperture having 70 mm radius of curvature. Surface roughness improved down to 7 nm from 28.5 nm, and figure error improved down to 295 nm from 849 nm after four cycles of polishing. This investigation demonstrates the suitability of the RMRF process for precision polishing technology for glass optics.