bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically-linked simultaneous overexpression of multiple herbicide-metabolizing genes for broad-spectrum resistance in an agricultural weed Echinochloa phyllopogon
Authors: Suda Hiroe , Kubo Tomomi , Yoshimoto Yusuke , Tanaka Keisuke , Tanaka Satoru , Uchino Akira , Azuma Satoshi , Hattori Makoto , Yamaguchi Takuya , Miyashita Masahiro , Tominaga Tohru , Iwakami Satoshi 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPrevious research unveiled that the overexpression of catalytically promiscuous CYP81A cytochrome P450s underlies the multiple-herbicide resistance (MHR) in a Californian population of Echinochloa phyllopogon. However, it does not fully accommodate the resistance to diverse herbicides in MHR E. phyllopogon although the genetic inheritance of MHR was suggested as under a single gene control.We investigated the high-level resistance to diclofop-methyl in MHR E. phyllopogon. Detailed diclofop-methyl metabolism was analyzed, followed by gene expression study and functional characterization of P450 genes. The generality of the MHR mechanism was investigated using another MHR line.The MHR line rapidly produced two distinct hydroxylated-diclofop-acid, only one of which was the major metabolite produced by CYP81A12/21. Gene expression study identified the genetically linked overexpression of a novel gene CYP709C69 with CYP81A12/21 in the MHR line. The gene conferred diclofop-methyl resistance in plants and produced another hydroxylated-diclofop-acid in yeast. The activity was observed in some CYP709C in plants. Unlike the broad substrate-specificity in CYP81As, CYP709C69 showed narrow substrate-specificity. The overexpression of the CYP81A and CYP709C69 was also observed in another MHR line.The present findings establish a novel concept that genetically-linked simultaneous overexpression of herbicide-metabolizing genes enhances and broadens the profile of metabolic resistance in weeds.
An ultra-sensitive and easy-to-use multiplexed single-cell proteomic analysis
Authors: Gu Lei , Li Ziyi , Wang QinQin , Zhang HuiPing , Sun YiDi , Li Chen , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProteins analysis from an average cell population often overlooks the cellular heterogeneity of expressed effector molecules, and knowledge about the regulations of key biological processes may remain obscure. Therefore, the necessity of single-cell proteomics (SCP) technologies arises. Without microfluidic chip, expensive ultrasonic equipment, or reformed liquid chromatogram (LC) system, we established an Ultra-sensitive and Easy-to-use multiplexed Single-Cell Proteomic workflow (UE-SCP). Specifically, the flexible sorting system ensured outstanding cell activity, high accuracy, remarkable efficiency, and robustness during single-cell isolation. Multiplex isobaric labeling realized the high-throughput analysis in trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (timsTOF MS). Using this pipeline, we achieved single-cell protein quantities to a depth of over 2,000 protein groups in two human cell lines, Hela and HEK-293T. A small batch experiment can identify and quantify more than 3200 protein groups in 32 single cells, while a large batch experiment can identify and quantify about 4000 protein groups in 96 single cells. All the 128 single cells from different cell lines could been unsupervised clustered based on their proteomes. After the integration of data quality control, data cleaning, and data analysis, we are confident that our UE-SCP platform will be easy-to-marketing popularization and will promote biological applications of single-cell proteomics.
Capsaicin potently blocks Salmonella typhimurium invasion of Vero cells
Authors: Ayariga Joseph A. , Abugri Daniel A. , Amrutha Balagopal , Villafane Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs at 2021, the center for disease control (CDC) reported that Salmonella causes 1.2 million illness in the United States each year, with a mortality rate approaching 500 deaths per annum. Infants, the elderly, and persons with compromised immunity are the population with higher risk of mortality from this infection. At present there is no commercially available, safe and efficacious vaccine for the control and management of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). More so, S. typhimurium has been shown to develop resistance against most antibiotics used for treatment of the infection. Capsaicin, a bioactive compound from Capsicum chinense (C. chinenses) is undoubtedly one of the most widely used spice in the world. This heat producing compound is not only been used as food additive but have been demonstrated to possess unique properties that have pharmacological, physiological, and antimicrobial applications. In this work, the antimicrobial property of pure capsaicin or capsaicin extract against S. typhimurium is tested to determine the compounds effectiveness in S. typhimurium inhibition. Capsaicin extract showed potent inhibition of S. typhimurium growth at concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml, whereas pure capsaicin comparatively showed poorer inhibition of the bacteria. Furthermore, both capsaicin extract and pure capsaicin potently blocked S. typhimurium invasion of an animal cell line in vitro. Taken together, this work revealed that capsaicin might work synergistically with dihydrocapsaicin or the other capsaicinoids to inhibit S. typhimurium growth, whereas individually, capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin could potently block the bacteria entry and invasion of Vero cells.
Temporal variation of patch connectivity determines biodiversity recovery from recurrent disturbances
Authors: Jacquet Claire , Munoz François , Bonada Núria , Datry Thibault , Heino Jani , Jabot Franck 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the capacity of ecological systems to withstand and recover from disturbances is a major challenge for ecological research in the context of environmental change. Disturbances have multi-scale effects: they can cause species extinctions locally and alter connectivity between habitat patches at the metacommunity level. Yet, our understanding of how disturbances influence landscape connectivity remains limited. To fill this gap, we develop a novel connectivity index that integrates the temporal variation of patch connectivity induced by disturbances, which can be applied to any spatially-structured habitat. We then combine this index with a metacommunity model to specifically investigate biodiversity recovery from drying events in river network metacommunities. We demonstrate that patch connectivity explains variations of species richness between groups of organisms with contrasting dispersal modes and captures the effect of drying intensity (i.e., fraction of patches that dry-up) and drying location on community recovery. As a general rule, loss of patch connectivity decreases community recovery, regardless of patch location in the river network, dispersal mode, or drying intensity. Local communities of flying organisms maintained higher patch connectivity in drying river networks compared to organisms with strictly aquatic dispersal, which explained the higher recovery capacity of this group from drying events. The general relationship between patch connectivity and community recovery we found can be applied to any spatial network subject to temporal variation of connectivity, thus providing a powerful tool for biodiversity management in dynamic landscapes.
Deriving observation distances for camera trap distance sampling
Authors: Zuleger Annika M. , Holland Ruben , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCamera trap distance sampling (CTDS)o is a recently developed survey method to estimate animal abundance from camera trap data for unmarked populations. It requires the estimation of camera‐animal observation distances, which previously was done by comparing animal positions to reference labels at predefined intervals. Here, we test a photogrammetry approach to derive camera‐animal observation distances. We applied both, the reference label and photogrammetry approaches to five ungulate species varying widely in body size (Giraffa camelopardalis,Equus grevyi,Oryx dammah,Kobus megacerosandEudorcas thomsonii) and one ground‐dwelling bird species (Numida meleagris) inhabiting a large enclosure and estimated their density with CTDS. Both procedures provided highly correlated observation distances (ρ = 0.99,p < 0.001). A paired t test revealed a minor but significantly higher mean of the photogrammetry approach (MD = 0.28 m,p < 0.001). This, however, seems negligible as for analyses, distances were grouped in intervals of 2 to 5 metres. In general, estimated animal abundance was close to the true number of individuals in the enclosure for both approaches, with the exception of zebra, whose density was underestimated. The photogrammetry approach offers an alternative approach for deriving camera‐animal observation distances and is particularly useful for application in open habitats, with little occlusion of animals.
On Fat Clothes: Unraveling Plus-Size Design Discourse
Authors: Peters Lauren Downing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article considers the possibilities and limitations of plus-size clothing— a subcategory of ready-to-wear that is deeply embedded in the history of dieting, exercise, standardized sizing, and the industrialization of clothing manufacturing in the United States. In doing so, it draws on fashion theory and disability theory in exposing how plus-size clothing functions as a normalizing mechanism, thereby inhibiting innovation in this sector. The article concludes with a counterexploration of the possibilities of “fat clothes” and the novel w ays of seeing and existing in the world that they might enable.
Problematizer Design: A Foucaultian Approach
Authors: Najar Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on a line of inquiry initiated by Dorst, this article explores Foucault's work as a philosophical inspiration for design research and practice. In terms of foucaultian problematization, notions of discourse and problematization— instead of notions of design problems— is an alternative way of dealing with design situations. It is argued that through the problematization of the discourses interwoven in a design project, the designer takes on a critical and political dimension of their own work. In this way, through the project, designers can have the option to critically choose between reinforcing discourses— in case of agreement with them, or subverting discourses— in case of disagreement.
Flexible Environments for Hybrid Collaboration: Redesigning Virtual Work Through the Four Orders of Design
Authors: Meluso John , Johnson Susan , Bagrow James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic made visceral for many the fact that virtual forms of collaboration— simultaneously liberating and frustrating—are here to stay. Workers’ frustrations demonstrate that challenges remain for work and its design in increasingly “hybrid” collaboration— work in which some people, interacting face-to-face, are co-located while others with whom they work are remote. Using Buchanan's four orders of design, in conjunction with management and information systems scholarship, we present a framework for improving these virtual forms of collaboration. In this article, we review the latest knowledge from these disciplines on virtual collaboration through the lens of the four orders of design. In doing so, we demonstrate that conceiving of work in terms of flexible collaborative environments could increase the unity of purpose between work and workers by leveraging the capabilities of varying degrees of virtuality to engender experiences that benefit all those who interact with work systems.
Response to winter pressures in acute services: analysis from the Winter Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit
Authors: Atkin Catherine , Knight Thomas , Subbe Chris , Holland Mark , Cooksley Tim , Lasserson Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increased demand for urgent and acute services during the winter months, placing pressure on acute medicine services caring for emergency medical admissions. Hospital services adopt measures aiming to compensate for the effects of this increased pressure. This study aimed to describe the measures adopted by acute medicine services to address service pressures during winter.

Methods
A survey of acute hospitals was conducted during the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit, a national day-of-care audit, on 30th January 2020. Survey questions were derived from national guidance.
Acute medicine services at 93 hospitals in the United Kingdom completed the survey, evaluating service measures implemented to mitigate increased demand, as well as markers of increased pressure on services.

Results
All acute internal medicine services had undertaken measures to prepare for increased demand, however there was marked variation in the combination of measures adopted. 81.7% of hospitals had expanded the number of medical inpatient beds available. 80.4% had added extra clinical staff. The specialty of the physicians assigned to provide care for extra inpatient beds varied. A quarter of units had reduced beds available for providing Same Day Emergency Care on the day of the survey. Patients had been waiting in corridors within the emergency medicine department in 56.3% of units.

Conclusion
Winter pressure places considerable demand on acute services, and impacts the delivery of care. Although increased pressure on acute hospital services during winter is widely recognised, there is considerable variation in the approach to planning for these periods of increased demand.
Sustainability of weight loss from a family-centered pediatric weight management program integrated in primary care
Authors: Else Veronica , Chen Qiaoling , Cortez Alan B. , Koebnick Corinna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
A 6-month pediatric weight loss program showed modest success, but the sustainability of this success after 12 months was unclear. The present study aims tomeasure the medium-term effectiveness of family-based weight management in pediatric primary care to reduce body weight in children living with obesity.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, children ages 3 to 17 years with obesity in Kaiser Permanente Orange County, California, who enrolled in a weight management program between April 2014 and December 2018 (FB-WMG, n = 341) were compared to children referred but not enrolled (Ref-CG, n = 317) and controls matched by sex, age, zip code and BMI (Area-CG, n = 801). The relative distance from the median BMI-for-age at months 0, 6, and 12 were expressed as difference-in-differences (DID) using multivariable linear regressions with robust standard error.

Results
The baseline BMI-for-age was 98.6 (SD 1.08) percentile in FB-WMG, 98.2 (SD 1.22) percentile in Ref-CG, and 98.6 (1.13 in Area-CG). FB-WMG had a median of 3 visits (P25 1 visit, P75 5 visits) in the first 6 months. Despite a more considerable decrease in the relative distance to the median BMI-for-age in FB-WMG children with 3+ visits after 6 months, the success obtained was not sustained at 12 months (DID FB-WMG vs Area-CG -0.34, 95% CI − 3.00 to 2.33%, FB-WMG vs Ref-CG -0.39, 95% CI − 3.14 to 2.35%). At 12 months, there was no statistical significant difference between the three groups (FB-WWG, Ref-CG, Area-CG).

Conclusions
The initial success in weight management was not sustained in the absence of continued support for healthy lifestyle changes. Based on current evidence, continued support is necessary to maintain and promote success beyond a brief 6 month intervention. Long-term pediatric weight management programs are needed to promote continuing progress.
Implementation of a program to support direct support professionals to promote a healthy lifestyle for people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities
Authors: Overwijk A. , Hilgenkamp T. I. M. , van der Schans C. P. , Krijnen W. P. , Vlot-van Anrooij K. , van der Putten A. A. J. , Waninge A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of theory-based interventions for direct support professionals (DSPs) to support a healthy lifestyle for people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities (ID) despite their major role in this. This study aims to evaluate the preparation, implementation, and preliminary outcomes of a theory-based training and education program for DSPs to learn how to support these individuals.MethodsThe program consisting of e-learning, three in-person sessions, and three assignments was implemented. The implementation process was evaluated with a mixed method design with the following components: preparation phase, implementation phase, and the outcomes. These components were measured with project notes, questionnaires, interviews, reflections, assignments, food diaries, Actigraph/Actiwatch, and an inventory of daily activities.ResultsRegarding the preparation phase, enough potential participants met the inclusion criteria and the time to recruit the participants was 9 months. The program was implemented in four (residential) facilities and involved individuals with moderate to profound ID (n = 24) and DSPs (n = 32). The e-learning was completed by 81% of the DSPs, 72–88% attended the in-person sessions, and 34–47% completed the assignments. Overall, the fidelity of the program was good. DSPs would recommend the program, although they were either negative or positive about the time investment. Mutual agreement on expectations were important for the acceptability and suitability of the program. For the outcomes, the goals of the program were achieved, and the attitudes of DSPs towards a healthy lifestyle were improved after 3 months of the program (nutrition:p = < 0.01; physical activity:p = 0.04). A statistically significant improvement was found for food intake of people with ID (p = 0.047); for physical activity, no statistically significant differences were determined.ConclusionsThe theory-based program consisting of a training and education section for DSPs to support a healthy lifestyle for people with moderate to profound ID was feasible to implement and, despite some barriers regarding time capacity and mutual expectations, it delivered positive changes in both persons with moderate to profound ID and DSPs. Thus, the program is a promising intervention to support DSPs.
Impeding and facilitating factors for the implementation of alcohol interventions in hospitals: a qualitative and exploratory study among Dutch healthcare professionals
Authors: Kools Nathalie , van de Goor Ien , Bovens Rob H. L. M. , van de Mheen Dike , Rozema Andrea D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon-moderated alcohol use is more prevalent among hospitalized patients compared to the general population. However, many hospitals fail to find and intervene with people with alcohol problems. We aimed to conduct an exploration of impeding and facilitating factors experienced by healthcare professionals in implementation of alcohol interventions in Dutch general hospitals. In addition, we explored the alcohol interventions used in the selected hospitals and involved stakeholders.MethodsThrough a qualitative study, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with twenty healthcare professionals working in or in collaboration with six different general hospitals.ResultsHealthcare professionals indicated impeding and facilitating factors in the areas of motivation, knowledge and skills, patient characteristics, protocol, internal and external collaboration/support, resources, role suitability and societal support. Five different categories of approaches to identify and intervene with non-moderated alcohol use and 18 involved stakeholders from both inside and outside the hospital were found.ConclusionsImplementation of alcohol interventions for patients in Dutch general hospitals still seems to be in its infancy. Respondents emphasized the importance of one clear protocol on how to tackle alcohol problems within their hospital, repeated training on alcohol-related knowledge and skills, (clinical) “champions” that support healthcare professionals and developing and maintaining collaborations with stakeholders within and outside the hospital.
Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of the ethanol extract of Byttneria pilosa Roxb.
Authors: Sikder Liton , Khan Md. Roich , Smrity Shanita Zaman , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Khan Shams Ara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Traditionally, the herb Byttneria pilosa Roxb. is used for bone fractures, boils, scabies, rheumatalgia, snake bites, syphilis, elephantiasis, poisoning, and eye infection. Scientific reports suggest that it has significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, anxiolytic, locomotion, sedative and anti-obesity effects. This study aims at the investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the ethanol extract of this herb.

Methods
Fresh whole plant was extracted with absolute ethanol. A preliminary phytochemical investigation was followed by the evaluation of thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities by applying human clotted blood lysis, egg albumin, and acetic acid-induced writhing models, respectively.

Results
Phytochemical investigation suggests that B. pilosa possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and reducing sugars. The extract exhibited clot lysis and anti-inflammatory effects in a concentration-dependent manner. B. pilosa extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg also showed significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity in Swiss albino mice.

Conclusion
The B. pilosa ethanol extract contains many important secondary metabolites and has thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities. More research is necessary on this hopeful medicinal herb.
The direct anterior approach to the hip: a useful tool in experienced hands or just another approach?
Authors: Realyvasquez John , Singh Vivek , Shah Akash K. , Ortiz Dionisio , Robin Joseph X. , Brash Andrew , Kurapatti Mark , Davidovitch Roy I. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe direct anterior approach (DAA) to the hip was initially described in the nineteenth century and has been used sporadically for total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, recent increased interest in tissue-sparing and small incision arthroplasty has given rise to a sharp increase in the utilization of the DAA. Although some previous studies claimed that this approach results in less muscle damage and pain as well as rapid recovery, a paucity in the literature exists to conclusively support these claims. While the DAA may be comparable to other THA approaches, no evidence to date shows improved long-term outcomes for patients compared to other surgical approaches for THA. However, the advent of new surgical instruments and tables designed specifically for use with the DAA has made the approach more feasible for surgeons. In addition, the capacity to utilize fluoroscopy intraoperatively for component positioning is a valuable asset to the approach and can be of particular benefit for surgeons during their learning curve. An understanding of its limitations and challenges is vital for the safe employment of this technique. This review summarizes the pearls and pitfalls of the DAA for THA in order to improve the understanding of this surgical technique for hip replacement surgeons.