bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Assembly Tailored Interior of Porous Carbon Spheres for Boosted Water Decontamination through Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Authors: Mei Shu‐Chuan , Huang Gui‐Xiang , Rui Xian‐Hong , Li Liang , Ke Ming‐Kun , Pan Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Zhao‐Hua , Yang Xu‐Dan , Yu Han‐Qing , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly is an appealing strategy for preparing nanospheres with different interiors, which are essential for their applications. Although many assembly strategies have been proposed, controlling the assembly processes from kinetic aspects is a big challenge. Here, by employing the different reaction kinetics of the assembly precursors, a sequential assembly strategy is proposed to tailor the interior structure of porous carbon spheres. Through changing the feeding interval of resin and silica precursors from 0 to 60 min, their nucleation order can be controlled in the assembly process to prepare porous carbon spheres (≈450 nm in size) with tunable type (i.e., hollow or solid) and size (from less than 100 nm to around 230 nm) of interiors. The hollow spheres exhibit over three times the catalytic activity of the core–shell counterparts for activating peroxymonosulfate to remove organic water contaminants, and the activity can be further improved by decreasing the cavity size. These results show the great significance of the sequential assembly strategy for interior engineering of nanospheres. This work opens up a new approach for rational design and synthesis of interior‐structured nanospheres.
Highly Inoxidizable Heptamethine Cyanine–Glucose Oxidase Conjugate Nanoagent for Combination of Enhanced Photothermal Therapy and Tumor Starvation
Authors: Zou Yang , Liu Weijian , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeptamethine cyanine dye (Cy7) has been widely applied in cell imaging and tumor phototherapy by virtue of its excellent photophysical properties and biocompatibility. However, in the presence of oxygen, large conjugated skeletons are easily destroyed by photooxidation reaction under light irradiation, which greatly limits its inoxidizability and photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. Accordingly, in this study, a new strategy (Cy‐GOx) is developed by the catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) that consumes oxygen to highly improve the antioxidant capacity of Cy7, achieving the combination of enhanced PTT and starvation therapy. During this catalytic reaction, glucose as an important nutrient for cancer cell growth is consumed, achieving GOx‐mediated tumor starvation therapy. The fluorescence and intersystem crossing (ISC) of Cy‐GOx are greatly inhibited, which ensures that the absorbed photon energy is mainly released by means of nonradiative transition, significantly improving its photothermal effect. Of note, this strategy can effectively realize tumor inhibition by both intratumoral injection and intravenous injection. Thus, it is believed that this design concept will provide a new strategy for improving the antioxidant capacity and photothermal effect of Cy7 in combination therapy for enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Liang , Ding Baichuan , Qin Xian‐Ying , Wang Zhijie , Lv Wei , He Yan‐Bing , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphite, commonly including artificial graphite and natural graphite (NG), possesses a relatively high theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g–1 and appropriate lithiation/de‐lithiation potential, and has been extensively used as the anode of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). With the requirements of reducing CO2 emission to achieve carbon neutral, the market share of NG anode will continue to grow due to its excellent processability and low production energy consumption. NG, which is abundant in China, can be divided into flake graphite (FG) and microcrystalline graphite (MG). In the past 30 years, many researchers have focused on developing modified NG and its derivatives with superior electrochemical performance, promoting their wide applications in LIBs. Here, a comprehensive overview of the origin, roles, and research progress of NG‐based materials in ongoing LIBs is provided, including their structure, properties, electrochemical performance, modification methods, derivatives, composites, and applications, especially the strategies to improve their high‐rate and low‐temperature charging performance. Prospects regarding the development orientation as well as future applications of NG‐based materials are also considered, which will provide significant guidance for the current and future research of high‐energy‐density LIBs.
Star‐Polymer–DNA Gels Showing Highly Predictable and Tunable Mechanical Responses
Authors: Ohira Masashi , Katashima Takuya , Naito Mitsuru , Aoki Daisuke , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Iwase Hiroki , Takata Shin‐ichi , Miyata Kanjiro , Chung Ung‐il , Sakai Takamasa , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Li Xiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDynamically crosslinked gels are appealing materials for applications that require time‐dependent mechanical responses. DNA duplexes are ideal crosslinkers for building such gels because of their excellent sequence addressability and flexible tunability in bond energy. However, the mechanical responses of most DNA gels are complicated and unpredictable. Here, a DNA gel with a highly homogeneous gel network and well predictable mechanical behaviors is demonstrated by using a pair of star‐polymer–DNA precursors with presimulated DNA sequences showing the two‐state transition. The melting curve analysis of the DNA gels reveals the good correspondence between the thermodynamic potentials of the DNA crosslinkers and the presimulated values by DNA calculators. Stress‐relaxation tests and dissociation kinetics measurements show that the macroscopic relaxation time of the DNA gels is approximately equal to the lifetime of the DNA crosslinkers over 4 orders of magnitude from 0.1–2000 s. Furthermore, a series of durability tests find the DNA gels are hysteresis‐less and self‐healable after the applications of repeated temperature and mechanical stimuli. These results demonstrate the great potential of star‐polymer–DNA precursors for building gels with predictable and tunable viscoelastic properties, suitable for applications such as stress‐response extracellular matrices, injectable solids, and soft robotics.
Advanced Functional Liquid Crystals
Authors: Uchida Junya , Soberats Bartolome , Gupta Monika , Kato Takashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiquid crystals have been intensively studied as functional materials. Recently, integration of various disciplines has led to new directions in the design of functional liquid‐crystalline materials in the fields of energy, water, photonics, actuation, sensing, and biotechnology. Here, recent advances in functional liquid crystals based on polymers, supramolecular complexes, gels, colloids, and inorganic‐based hybrids are reviewed, from design strategies to functionalization of these materials and interfaces. New insights into liquid crystals provided by significant progress in advanced measurements and computational simulations, which enhance new design and functionalization of liquid‐crystalline materials, are also discussed.
Visible to Near‐Infrared Photodiodes with Advanced Radiation Resistance
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Schopp Nora , Kaikanov Marat , Mostovyi Andriy I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new type of sub‐micron metal‐intrinsic semiconductor‐metal visible to near‐infrared (400–1600 nm) photodiodes based on a unique combination of radiation‐resistant functional materials: sapphire, TiN, MoOx, CdTe, Hg3In2Te6, and graphite is proposed. The promising optoelectronic characteristics are calculated in the scope of a comprehensive semi‐analytical model, based on the complementary fusion of numerical Transfer Matrix optical simulation with analytical Hecht and dark generation current equations. The findings demonstrate proof‐of‐concept next‐generation high‐performance optoelectronic devices with advanced radiation resistance. Moreover, a simple device engineering modification has revealed a significant optimization potential for considered photodiodes.
Spin Wave Electromagnetic Nano‐Antenna Enabled by Tripartite Phonon‐Magnon‐Photon Coupling
Authors: Fabiha Raisa , Lundquist Jonathan , Majumder Sudip , Topsakal Erdem , Barman Anjan , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTripartite coupling between phonons, magnons, and photons in a periodic array of elliptical magnetostrictive nanomagnets delineated on a piezoelectric substrate to form a 2D two‐phase multiferroic crystal is investigated. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) (phonons) of 5–35 GHz frequency launched into the substrate cause the magnetizations of the nanomagnets to precess at the frequency of the wave, giving rise to confined spin‐wave modes (magnons) within the nanomagnets. The spin waves, in turn, radiate electromagnetic waves (photons) into the surrounding space at the SAW frequency. Here, the phonons couple into magnons, which then couple into photons. This tripartite phonon‐magnon‐photon coupling is thus exploited to implement an extreme sub‐wavelength electromagnetic antenna whose measured radiation efficiency and antenna gain exceed the approximate theoretical limits for traditional antennas of the same dimensions by more than two orders of magnitude at some frequencies. Micro‐magnetic simulations are in excellent agreement with experimental observations and provide insight into the spin‐wave modes that couple into radiating electromagnetic modes to implement the antenna.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐3‐ones with Dihydroisoquinolines and N‐substituted Amino Acids
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Hui , Cui Hai‐Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA mild direct synthesis of chiral imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐3‐one derivatives with dihydroisoquinolines and N‐substituted amino acids have been developed. By the use of easily accessible DCC as condensation reagent at ambient temperature, a series of imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐3‐ones can be assembled readily in low to good yields with low to excellent dr values. Interestingly, the use of N‐substituted L‐Threonine and L‐Serine afforded oxazino[2,3‐a]isoquinolin‐4‐one derivatives with good diastereoselectivities.
Rh(III)‐Catalysed Switchable and Chemoselective Synthesis of Difluorinated Pyrazolo[1,2‐a]indazolone and Indole Frameworks
Authors: Lin Shuang , Wang Yi , Peng Zhi‐Huan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Zhi , Gao Hui , Yi Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDifferent from the classical defluorinated process for gem‐difluoromethylene alkynes, described herein is the chemodivergent synthesis of difluorinated pyrazolo[1,2‐a]indazolone and indole frameworks via Rh(III)‐catalysed regioselective C−H functionalization of phenidone with gem‐difluoromethylene alkynes in a switchable manner. The detailed reaction pathways and the origin of chemoselectivity were clarified through a combined experimental and computational mechanistic study, which involves different quench modes of C−Rh bond via protonolysis or C−N bond reductive elimination switched by the solvent
The impact of test language on PISA scores. New evidence from Wales
Authors: Jerrim John , Lopez‐Agudo Luis Alejandro , Marcenaro‐Gutierrez Oscar David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the link between the language in which pupils take the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test and the scores they achieve in this assessment, focusing upon the case of Wales. Using five rounds of PISA data and an instrumental variable approach, we show how pupils who took the test in Welsh score around 0.3 standard deviations (30 PISA test points) lower in reading, mathematics and science than their peers who took the test in English. This finding is robust to different model specifications and statistical approaches. We argue that this may indicate that the academic performance of teenagers in Wales may be underestimated in PISA – particularly amongst those who take this test in Welsh.
The anatomical myofascial continuum between the neck and eyes
Authors: Prabu Raja G. , Shyamasunder Bhat N. , Marie Cruz Antony , Prabhu Anupama , Fernandes Shifra , Naaz Nabeela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe posterior myofascial chain (PMC) or superficial back line encompasses a series of muscles interlinked by the deep fascia, extending from the foot to the fascial sheath of the eyeball. The deep cervical fascia of the neck, the epicranial aponeurosis of the head, and the fascial sheath of eyeball, form the proximal PMC. Although the literature has reported an anatomical myofascial continuum between the neck, head, and eyes, the anatomical descriptions vary substantially. Moreover, there is still no plausible functional interrelationship between the proximal structural myofascial links. Chronic neck pain is usually associated with a plethora of symptoms including craniofacial pain and oculomotor disorders. Understanding the anatomy of the proximal myofascial chain could help clinicians improvise treatment strategies for managing such painful head and neck disorders.
Pluralistic counselling versus counselling as usual for young people presenting with addiction issues: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joyce Patricia , Cooper Mick , McLeod John , Vos Joel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to pilot a randomised controlled trial that aimed to test the hypothesis that counselling utilising a pluralistic framework was more effective than counselling as usual for young people experiencing issues as a result of their addiction.MethodSixty‐four clients presenting with issues of addiction were allocated to either a counselling‐as‐usual (n = 33) or a pluralistic (n = 31) intervention. Psychometric measures (YP‐CORE and SDQ) were taken at baseline, endpoint and 3‐month follow‐up to compare changes in levels of psychological distress.ResultsThe use of a randomised controlled trial in practice‐based research was found to be feasible to both clients and the organisation in which the study took place. Recruitment and retention rates were acceptable. No statistically significant differences between groups were found on the primary measure.DiscussionThe findings highlight the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such research within this unique context. The findings give preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of both counselling interventions. The absence of significant differences on our primary outcome between the two arms in this trial is not unexpected given its lack of power. Further research should continue to develop protocols to further maximise client retention and counsellor adherence.
Recovery and Seasonal Variation of Cinnamtannin B‐1 from Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Pruning Wood Wastes
Authors: Alejo‐Armijo Alfonso , Ortega‐Vidal Juan , Salido Sofía , Altarejos Joaquín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCinnamtannin B‐1 (C‐B1) is a commercially‐available trimeric A‐type procyanidin with remarkable cellular actions mainly derived from its high radical scavenging activity. C‐B1 is the main phenolic compound of laurel wood, which has previously been isolated by a combination of conventional chromatographic techniques. The first aim of this work was to find laurel trees containing as much C‐B1 as possible, and learn about the influence of variables, such as gender and harvest time, on the production of C‐B1 by the tree. It was found that all studied trees tend to give higher C‐B1 percentages in the May‐July period, from 6 % to 18 %, and lower ones around March (spring) and November (fall), from 1 % to 8 %. In a general way, it also seems that the female trees tend to produce a bit more C‐B1 (from 2.8 % to 17.3 %) than male ones (from 1.7 % to 13.4 %). In addition, eight minor phenolic compounds [(−)‐ent‐catechin (1), (−)‐ent‐epicatechin‐(4α→8)‐ent‐epicatechin (2), (epi)catechin‐(4→8)‐(epi)afzelechin‐(4→8)‐(epi)catechin (3), (+)‐epiafzelechin‐(4β→8)‐epicatechin (4), (−)‐epicatechin (5), (−)‐afzelechin‐(4α→8)‐epicatechin (6), (epi)afzelechin‐(4→8)‐(epi)afzelechin‐(4→8)‐(epi)catechin (7) and (+)‐epicatechin‐(4β→8,2β→O‐7)‐epicatechin‐(4β→8)‐catechin (C‐D1)] were found and quantified in the ethyl acetate extract of the wood samples. The second aim of this work was to improve the recovery of C‐B1 from laurel wood. The use of the fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) technique has allowed for a recovery of 96 % of a technical‐grade C‐B1 (64 % in a previous protocol using conventional column chromatography on silica gel and size‐exclusion chromatography).
Characterization of Competitive Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase**
Authors: Eck Tyler , Laureano de Souza Mariana , Delvillar Melvin , Ashraf Kutub , Yadav Bheemanaboina Rammohan R. , Chakrasali Ramappa , Kreiss Tamara , Siekierka John J. , Rotella David P. , Bhanot Purnima , Goodey Nina M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) is an enticing antimalarial drug target. Novel chemotypes are needed because existing inhibitors have safety issues that may prevent further development. This work demonstrates isoxazole‐based compounds are potent ATP competitive inhibitors of PfPKG and discloses a new analogue in this series. Isoxazoles 3 and 5 had Ki values that are comparable to a known standard, 4‐[2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐(1‐methylpiperidine‐4‐yl)‐1H pyrrol‐3‐yl] pyridine. They also exhibited excellent selectivity for PfPKG over the human orthologue and the gatekeeper mutant T618Q PfPKG, which mimics the less accessible binding site of the human orthologue. The human orthologue's larger binding site volume is predicted to explain the selectivity of the inhibitors for the P. falciparum enzyme.
Homicides in psychiatric hospitals: Absence of evidence or evidence of absence?
Authors: Nielssen Olav , Large Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHighly publicised cases of homicide in a psychiatric hospital have raised concerns about the safety of such hospitals.AimsTo identify individual case reports of homicides by inpatients within psychiatric hospitals in order to update a 2011 study.MethodsA systematic search of the academic literature between 2010 and 2020, information seeking from service leaders in each state and territory of Australia and in New Zealand, and a search of public records in Australia and New Zealand.ResultsThe literature search revealed only one recent paper describing a homicide by a patient in a psychiatric ward. Contact with forensic psychiatrists across Australia and New Zealand yielded four cases of inpatient homicide that took place between 2010 and 2017 in Australia, and none in New Zealand. Public record searching did not add to this count. This compares to 11 inpatient homicides by 10 patients between 1985 and 2011.ConclusionsHomicides in psychiatric hospitals seem to remain rare, however, there is no consistent central documentation of these events in Australasia so it is hard to be confident about the figures. Internationally, there is similarly little centralisation of evidence. Standardised methods of recording and reporting such deaths might assist the understanding and prevention of homicides in psychiatric hospitals.
Heavy lone coronary artery thrombosis treated by stent retriever, in the setting of COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Hanna Elias B. , Rossen James , Eustes Alicia S. , Dayal Sanjana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a case of heavy lone coronary thrombosis in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. We highlight the special angiographic, ultrasonographic, and histological features of this thrombus, and we describe the application of carotid stent retriever for its removal.
Performance of repeat cytology with reflex ThyroSeq genomic classifier for indeterminant thyroid cytology
Authors: O’Conor Christopher J. , Dash Rajesh C. , Jones Claudia K. , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara” 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUNDThe American Thyroid Association recommends either repeat fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or molecular testing (eg, ThyroSeq) of Bethesda category III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance [AUS/FLUS]) nodules to provide further risk stratification. How a testing algorithm that uses ancillary molecular tests performs as a reflex test for repeat sampling of indeterminant nodules remains unclear.METHODSThyroid FNABs performed over a 24‐month period that received a diagnosis of AUS/FLUS and underwent subsequent FNAB were analyzed.RESULTSIn total, 187 patients were identified who received an FNAB diagnosis of AUS/FLUS and had repeat sampling. Of these patients, 64% received a subsequent indeterminant diagnosis on repeat biopsy: 7 (3.7%) repeat biopsies were diagnosed as nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory, 104 (55.6%) were diagnosed as AUS/FLUS, and 8 (4.3%) were diagnosed as follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm. Of the repeat biopsied nodules, 63% underwent subsequent testing with ThyroSeq version 3. The diagnostic performance was calculated using only surgically confirmed nodules (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 30%; positive predictive value, 41%; negative predictive value, 100%) and by assigning nonresected nodules with negative ThyroSeq or benign cytology results as benign (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 88%; positive predictive value, 41%; negative predictive value, 100%).CONCLUSIONSIn the majority of patients, repeat FNAB for AUS/FLUS did not preclude subsequent molecular ancillary testing because of the high rate of indeterminant results on repeat biopsy. The diagnostic performance of the testing algorithm reported here was very similar to other reports using either repeat biopsy or molecular testing alone. Ultimately, the algorithm of performing molecular testing on repeat indeterminant nodules increased the number of biopsies performed and lengthened the time to definitive risk stratification without a disproportionate decrease in the use of molecular testing or an appreciable improvement in diagnostic performance.;
Performance modeling for I/O‐intensive applications on virtual machines
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Peng Xiaopu , Mao Jianzhou , Zhang Chaowei , Takreeti Taha , Wang Ye , Cao Ting , Qin Xiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModels for virtual machines running on cloud computing systems. Modeling system behaviors of clouds is a grand challenge because the resource utilization in VMs is heterogeneous due to variability in workload conditions. We address this challenging issue by uniquely (1) objectifying the usage prediction of virtualized resources and (2) predicting the performance trends of programs running on clouds. At the heart of the modeling system, we pay particular attention to CPU cores, disk size, main memory space, and input data volume, which serve as important factors for the developed prediction module. We devise two resource‐utilization prediction algorithms driven by two distinctive sets of I/O and CPU intensive benchmarks, where one algorithm deals with execution time and the other one revolves around input data size. We investigate the correlation between CPU/disk utilization and VM live migrations. Our system aims at not only providing performance optimization for virtualized resources but also ensuring service level agreement (SLA) and Quality of Service (QoS). The model fits the curve quite well, thereby advocating for the efficiency of the algorithm. The case studies conducted in this project draw the comparisons between the performance of striped and monolithic disks as well as bringing forth the problem of cache coherence that causes hindrance to the experiment. We also deal with the cache‐coherence problem to improve the accuracy of our prediction algorithms