bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relative Preference of Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) for Oviposition on Twenty-Four Tea Cultivars
Authors: Yao Qi , Wang Manqun , Chen Zongmao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is currently one of the most threatening pests of tea production in China. Several approaches have been used to identify the resistance of different tea cultivars to this important tea pest. However, relatively limited information has been documented about its oviposition preferences. This study aimed to elucidate the preferential oviposition of E. onukii among 24 tea cultivars. Towards this objective, a multi-selective test for E. onukii oviposition was conducted in the laboratory, and the egg densities of E. onukii on 24 varieties were also surveyed in plantations at different time periods during the tea plant growing season in 2019. There was a significant difference in E. onukii egg densities among the 24 cultivars studied in both laboratory tests and the field investigations. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the laboratory and field data for the number of eggs laid per cultivar. According to the laboratory and field evaluations, 2 cultivars were identified as very-susceptible for E. onukii oviposition, while another 5 cultivars were assigned as susceptible, 9 cultivars were classified as resistant and 2 cultivars were identified as very-resistant, respectively. This information on the oviposition preference for E. onukii on different cultivars could be used as a selection parameter for further breeding of leafhopper-resistant tea cultivars.
VINTERGATAN IV: Cosmic phases of star formation in Milky Way-like galaxies
Authors: Segovia Otero Álvaro , Renaud Florent , Agertz Oscar 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The star formation history of a galaxy is modulated by a plethora of internal processes and environmental conditions. The details of how these evolve and couple together are not fully understood yet. In this work, we study the effects that galaxy mergers and morphological transformations have on setting different modes of star formation at galactic scales and across cosmic time. We monitor the global properties of vintergatan, a 20 pc resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-type galaxy. Between redshifts 1 and 5, we find that major mergers trigger multiple starburst episodes, corresponding to a tenfold drop of the gas depletion time down to 100 Myr. Bursty star formation is enabled by the emergence of a galactic disc, when the rotational velocity of gas starts to dominate over its velocity dispersion. Coherent motions of gas then outweigh disordered ones, such that the galaxy responds to merger-induced forcings by redistributing large amounts of gas towards high densities. As a result, the overall star formation rate (SFR) is enhanced with an associated decrease in the depletion time. Before redshift 5, mergers were expected to be even more frequent. However, a more turbulent interstellar medium is incapable of reacting in such a collective manner so as to spark rapid star formation. Thus, a constant long depletion time of 1 Gyr is kept, along with a low, but gradually increasing SFR. After the last major merger at redshift 1, vintergatan spends the next 8 Gyr evolving secularly. It has a settled and adiabatically growing disc, and a constant SFR with gas depletion times of 1–2 Gyr. Our results are compatible with the observed rapid transition between different modes of star formation when galaxies leave the main sequence.
Pulsar emission beam geometry of radio broad-band Arecibo sources
Authors: Olszanski Timothy , Rankin Joanna , Venkataraman Arun , Wahl Haley 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present radio pulsar emission beam analyses and models with the primary intent of examining pulsar beam geometry and physics over the broadest band of radio frequencies reasonably obtainable. We consider a set of well-studied pulsars that lie within the Arecibo sky. These pulsars stand out for the broad frequency range over which emission is detectable, and have been extensively observed at frequencies up to 4.5 GHz and down to below 100 MHz. We utilize published profiles to quantify a more complete picture of the frequency evolution of these pulsars using the core/double-cone emission beam model as our classification framework. For the low-frequency observations, we take into account measured scattering time-scales to infer intrinsic versus scatter broadening of the pulse profile. Lastly, we discuss the populational trends of the core/conal class profiles with respect to intrinsic parameters. We demonstrate that for this subpopulation of pulsars, core and conal dominated profiles cluster together into two roughly segregated $P{\!-\!}\dot{P}$ populations, lending credence to the proposal that an evolution in the pair-formation geometries is responsible for core/conal emission and other emission effects such as nulling and mode changing.
The MOSDEF survey: towards a complete census of the z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxy population
Authors: Runco Jordan N , Shapley Alice E , Sanders Ryan L , Kriek Mariska , Reddy Naveen A , Coil Alison L , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Topping Michael W , Freeman William R , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H , Leung Gene C K , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M , Barro Guillermo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse the completeness of the MOSDEF survey, in which z ∼ 2 galaxies were selected for rest-optical spectroscopy from well-studied HST extragalactic legacy fields down to a fixed rest-optical magnitude limit (HAB = 24.5). The subset of z ∼ 2 MOSDEF galaxies with high signal-to-noise (S/N) emission-line detections analysed in previous work represents a small minority (&lt;10 per cent) of possible z ∼ 2 MOSDEF targets. It is therefore crucial to understand how representative this high S/N subsample is, while also more fully exploiting the MOSDEF spectroscopic sample. Using spectral-energy distribution (SED) models and rest-optical spectral stacking, we compare the MOSDEF z ∼ 2 high S/N subsample with the full MOSDEF sample of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies with redshifts, the latter representing an increase in sample size of more than a factor of three. We find that both samples have similar emission-line properties, in particular in terms of the magnitude of the offset from the local star-forming sequence on the [N ii] BPT diagram. There are small differences in median host galaxy properties, including the stellar mass (M*), star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (sSFR), and UVJ colours; however, these offsets are minor considering the wide spread of the distributions. Using SED modelling, we also demonstrate that the sample of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies observed by the MOSDEF survey is representative of the parent catalog of available such targets. We conclude that previous MOSDEF results on the evolution of star-forming galaxy emission-line properties were unbiased relative to the parent z ∼ 2 galaxy population.
Chemical abundances in the outskirts of nearby galaxy groups measured with joint Suzaku and Chandra observations
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Su Yuanyuan , Truong Nhut , Randall Scott , Mernier François , Gastaldello Fabio , Biffi Veronica , Kraft Ralph 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We report results from deep Suzaku and mostly snapshot Chandra observations of four nearby galaxy groups: MKW4, Antlia, RXJ1159+5531, and ESO3060170. Their peak temperatures vary over 2–3 keV, making them the smallest systems with gas properties constrained to their viral radii. The average Fe abundance in the outskirts (R &gt; 0.25R200) of their intragroup medium is $Z_{\rm Fe}=0.309\pm 0.018\, Z_\odot$ with χ2 = 14 for 12 degrees of freedom, which is remarkably uniform and strikingly similar to that of massive galaxy clusters, and is fully consistent with the numerical predictions from the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation. Our results support an early-enrichment scenario among galactic systems over an order of magnitude in mass, even before their formation. When integrated out to R200, we start to see a tension between the measured Fe content in intracluster medium and what is expected from supernovae yields. We further constrain their O, Mg, Si, S, and Ni abundances. The abundance ratios of those elements relative to Fe are consistent with the predictions (if available) from IllustrisTNG. Their Type Ia supernovae fraction varies between 14 per cent and 21 per cent. A pure core-collapsed supernovae enrichment at group outskirts can be ruled out. Their cumulative iron-mass-to-light ratios within R200 are half that of the Perseus cluster, which may imply that galaxy groups do not retain all of their enriched gas due to their shallower gravitational potential wells, or that groups and clusters may have different star formation histories.
The missing radial velocities of Gaia: Blind predictions for DR3
Authors: Naik Aneesh P , Widmark Axel 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
While Gaia has observed the phase space coordinates of over a billion stars in the Galaxy, in the overwhelming majority of cases it has only obtained five of the six coordinates, the missing dimension being the radial (line-of-sight) velocity. Using a realistic mock data set, we show that Bayesian neural networks are highly capable of ‘learning’ these radial velocities as a function of the other five coordinates, and thus filling in the gaps. For a given star, the network outputs are not merely point predictions, but full posterior distributions encompassing the intrinsic scatter of the stellar phase space distribution, the observational uncertainties on the network inputs, and any ‘epistemic’ uncertainty stemming from our ignorance about the stellar phase space distribution. Applying this technique to the real Gaia data, we generate and publish a catalogue of posteriors (median width: 25 km s−1) for the radial velocities of 16 million Gaia DR2/EDR3 stars in the magnitude range 6 &lt; G &lt; 14.5. Many of these gaps will be filled in very soon by Gaia DR3, which will serve to test our blind predictions. Thus, the primary use of our published catalogue will be to validate our method, justifying its future use in generating an updated catalogue of posteriors for radial velocities missing from Gaia DR3.
A method for targeting a specified segment of DNA to a bacterial microorganelle
Authors: Otoničar Jan , Hostnik Maja , Grundner Maja , Kostanjšek Rok , Gredar Tajda , Garvas Maja , Arsov Zoran , Podlesek Zdravko , Gostinčar Cene , Jakše Jernej , Busby Stephen J W , Butala Matej 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Encapsulation of a selected DNA molecule in a cell has important implications for bionanotechnology. Non-viral proteins that can be used as nucleic acid containers include proteinaceous subcellular bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) that self-assemble into a selectively permeable protein shell containing an enzymatic core. Here, we adapted a propanediol utilization (Pdu) MCP into a synthetic protein cage to package a specified DNA segment in vivo, thereby enabling subsequent affinity purification. To this end, we engineered the LacI transcription repressor to be routed, together with target DNA, into the lumen of a Strep-tagged Pdu shell. Sequencing of extracted DNA from the affinity-isolated MCPs shows that our strategy results in packaging of a DNA segment carrying multiple LacI binding sites, but not the flanking regions. Furthermore, we used LacI to drive the encapsulation of a DNA segment containing operators for LacI and for a second transcription factor.
Clinical Recovery Among Individuals With a First-Episode Schizophrenia an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hansen Helene Gjervig , Speyer Helene , Starzer Marie , Albert Nikolai , Hjorthøj Carsten , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisThrough decades the clinical recovery outcomes among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have been highly inconsistent ranging from 13.5% to 57%. The primary objective of this updated examination was to report the pooled estimate and explore various moderators to improve the understanding of the course of schizophrenia.Study DesignA systematic literature search was set up on PubMed, PsycInfo, and EMBASE until January 13th, 2022. Both observational and interventional studies among cohorts of individuals with the first episode of schizophrenia reporting on clinical recovery were included. The PRISMA 2020 statement was used and data was extracted for a random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Study ResultsA 20.8% (95% CI = 17.3 to 24.8) recovery rate was found among 26 unique study samples (mean trial duration, 9.5 years) including 3877 individuals (mean age, 26.4 years). In meta-regression none of the following study characteristics could uncover the diverse reported recovery rates; age at inclusion (P = .84), year of inclusion (P = .93), follow-up time (P = .99), drop-out rate (P = .07), or strictness of the recovery criteria (P = .35). Furthermore, no differences in recovery were found between early intervention services (EIS; 19.5%; 95% CI = 15.0 to 24.8) compared to other interventions (21%; 95% CI = 16.9 to 25.8), P = .65.ConclusionsA clinical recovery rate of approximately 21% was found with minimum impact from various moderators. The rate was not different comparing EIS with other interventions implying that new initiatives are needed to improve the rate of recovery.
Validation of a smartphone-based device to measure concentration, motility, and morphology in swine ejaculates
Authors: Suárez-Trujillo Aridany , Kandula Hemanth , Kumar Jasmine , Devi Anjali , Shirley Larissa , Thirumalaraju Prudhvi , Kanakasabapathy Manoj Kumar , Shafiee Hadi , Hart Liane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAssessment of swine semen quality is important as it is used as an estimate of the fertility of an ejaculate. There are many methods to measure sperm morphology, concentration, and motility, however, some methods require expensive instrumentation or are not easy to use on-farm. A portable, low-cost, automated device could provide the potential to assess semen quality in field conditions. The objective of this study was to validate the use of Fertile-Eyez (FE), a smartphone-based device, to measure sperm concentration, total motility, and morphology in boar ejaculates. Semen from six sexually mature boars were collected and mixed to create a total of 18 unique semen samples for system evaluations. Each sample was then diluted to 1:4, 1:8, 1:10, and 1:16 (for concentration only) with Androhep Plus semen extender (n = 82 total). Sperm concentration was evaluated using FE and compared to results measured using a Nucleocounter and computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA: Ceros II, Hamilton Thorne). Sperm motility was evaluated using FE and CASA. Sperm morphological assessments were evaluated by a single technician manually counting abnormalities and compared to FE deep-learning technology. Data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, intra-assay coefficient of variance, and residual standard deviation [RSD]) and statistical tests (correlation analysis between devices and Bland-Altman methods). Concentration analysis was strongly correlated (n = 18; r &gt; 0.967; P &lt; 0.0001) among all devices and dilutions. Analysis of motility showed moderate correlation and was significant when all dilutions are analyzed together (n = 54; r = 0.558; P &lt; 0.001). The regression analysis for motility also showed the RSD as 3.95% between FE and CASA indicating a tight fit between devices. This RSD indicates that FE can find boars with unacceptable motility (boars for example with less than 70%) which impact fertility and litter size. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that FE-estimated morphological assessment and the conventionally estimated morphological score were similar, with a mean difference of ~1% (%95 Limits of Agreement: −6.2 to 8.1; n = 17). The results of this experiment demonstrate that FE, a portable and automated smartphone-based device, is capable of assessing concentration, motility, and morphology of boar semen samples.
Influence of form of selenium supplementation and tall fescue endophyte toxicity on growth performance, serum parameters, and tissue masses of grazing beef steers
Authors: Webb Kelsie L , Trotta Ronald J , Jia Yang , Bridges Phillip J , Matthews James C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that average daily gain (ADG) and clinical parameters of steers grazing novel non-toxic (NTE) or toxic KY-31 (TE) endophyte-infected tall fescue would be improved by ad libitum intake of vitamin-mineral mixes (V-M) that contain 27 ppm Se as a 1:1 blend of SELPLEX:sodium selenite (MIX) vs. sodium selenite (ISe), 32 fescue-naïve beef steers partially depleted of Se were randomly assigned to ad libitum consumption ISe vs. MIX for 35 days and fed enough of a NTE/alfalfa/grain diet to achieve 0.57 kg BW gain/day. Then, within Se-form treatments, two steers were randomly assigned to each of four NTE (ISe = 316 ± 31 kg BW, MIX = 315 ± 22 kg BW) or TE (ISe = 316 ± 37 kg BW, MIX = 314 ± 39 kg BW) paddocks for 84 days and had ad libitum access to their respective V-M. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess effects of day, Se-form (ISe, MIX) and endophyte (NTE, TE) treatments, and their interactions. Whole blood Se decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 31% from days 0 to 84 and was 6.2% greater (P &lt; 0.01) for MIX steers. Serum prolactin decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 18% for NTE and 48% for TE steers from days 0 to 84 and was 17% greater (P = 0.01) for MIX vs. ISe for TE steers. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased (P &lt; 0.02) 27% from days 0 to 84 and was 15% greater (P &lt; 0.02) for MIX steers. Serum urea nitrogen increased (P &lt; 0.02) 8.2% from days 0 to 84 for TE but not NTE steers. Average daily gain was less (P &lt; 0.01) for steers grazing TE (−0.18 kg/day) compared with NTE (0.09 kg/d). Although there was increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity and increased serum prolactin for TE + MIX steers compared with TE + ISe steers, MIX supplementation was unable to increase serum prolactin concentrations or ADG to the same levels as steers grazing NTE. Longer adaptation to MIX supplementation ad libitum may be necessary for maximal Se assimilation to restore serum prolactin levels in steers grazing TE.
Impact of supplemented undenatured type II collagen on pain and mobility in healthy Labrador Retrievers during an exercise regimen
Authors: Varney Jessica L , Fowler Jason W , Coon Craig N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of undenatured type II collagen supplementation on inflammation and pain using gait analysis and industry-accepted pain and mobility questionnaires during an exercise regimen in healthy dogs. Forty healthy Labrador Retrievers (20 male/20 female; range: 5 to 12 yr) were sorted into two groups: undenatured type II collagen group receiving 40 mg UC-II product (10 mg total collagen and ≥3% undenatured type II collagen) and placebo group receiving 40 mg maltodextrin daily by capsule. After 2 wk loading, all dogs began an 11 wk endurance exercise regimen consisting of two weekly runs, starting at 5 km and increasingly incrementally to 8 km, with one final 16 km run. Gait analysis was performed at baseline; before, 24 and 48 h after the first 5 km run; and before, 24 and 48 h after the final 16 km run. Gait analysis was calculated to obtain a Four Rivers Kennel (FRK) Inflammation Index score. Dogs were scored according to the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) and Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) assessments at baseline, before and after the first 5 km run, and before and after the final 16 km run. On the LOAD questionnaire, undenatured type II collagen group had improved “how active is the dog” (P = 0.03) and less “stiffness after a lie down” (P = 0.041) compared with placebo at pre 5 km. Undenatured type II collagen appeared to mitigate the development of pain after exercise compared with placebo, as related to the CPBI assessment. Undenatured type II collagen dogs had lower “pain at worst” pre 5 km (P = 0.021), “pain at least” post 5 km (P = 0.015), “pain at average” post 5 km (P = 0.046), and “pain as it is now” post 16 km (P = 0.006) compared with placebo dogs. Undenatured type II collagen was more effective than placebo at mitigating inflammation on gait analysis per the FRK Inflammation Index. Undenatured type II collagen dogs had a 6.42 lower FRK Inflammation Index score at 24 h post 5 km (P = 0.032) and 6.3 lower score at 24 h post 16 km (P = 0.029), indicating the mitigation of inflammation on gait analysis. When considering the change between timepoints, undenatured type II collagen had a lower increase in FRK Inflammation scores compared with placebo for baseline to pre 5 km (P &lt; 0.001), pre 16 km to 24 h post 16 km (P = 0.028), and pre 16 km to 48 h post 16 km (P = 0.027). Undenatured type II collagen supplemented Labrador Retrievers improved pain assessment variables and improved FRK Inflammation Index on gait analysis.
Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Health Systems and Practice in 3 Canadian Provinces From the Perspective of Public Health Leaders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sandhu Harman S. , Smith Robert W. , Jarvis Tamika , O'Neill Meghan , Di Ruggiero Erica , Schwartz Robert , Rosella Laura C. , Allin Sara , Pinto Andrew D. 
Published: August 2022

Context:
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health systems worldwide. Studies to date have largely focused on the health care system with less attention to the impact on public health systems and practice.

Objective:
To describe the early impacts of COVID-19 on public health systems and practice in 3 Canadian provinces from the perspective of public health system leaders and synthesize lessons learned.

Design:
A qualitative study using semistructured virtual interviews with public health leaders between October 2020 and April 2021. The World Health Organization's essential public health operations framework guided data collection and analysis.

Setting:
This study involved the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Québec. These provinces were chosen for their large populations, relatively high COVID-19 burden, and variation in public health systems.

Participants:
Public health leaders from Alberta (n = 21), Ontario (n = 18), and Québec (n = 19) in organizations with a primary mandate of stewardship and/or administration of essential public health operations (total n = 58).

Results:
We found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to intensified collaboration in public health systems and a change in workforce capacity to respond to the pandemic. This came with opportunities but also challenges of burnout and disruption of non-COVID-19 services. Information systems and digital technologies were increasingly used and there was greater proximity between public health leaders and other health system leaders. A renewed recognition for public health work was also highlighted.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted several aspects of public health systems in the provinces studied. Our findings can help public health leaders and policy makers identify areas for further investment (eg, intersectoral collaboration, information systems) and develop plans to address challenges (eg, disrupted services, workforce burnout) that have surfaced.