bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twice-a-Year Harvesting of Asparagus1
Authors: _ _ 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Asparagus plantings in the Bajio area of Mexico were managed to provide 2 harvest periods, i.e., 2 vegetative periods and 1 dormant period per year. Cumulative yields for a 5-year period were substantially higher from the plots harvested twice annually than those from a conventional spring harvest schedule.
Uptake of IAA-2-14C by Cuttings of Ilex crenata Convexa1
Authors: McGuire John J. , Albert Luke S. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in levels of IAA in stem segments of Ilex have been detected by centrifugation extraction and subsequently identified by Rf. The radio-chemical was absorbed through intact tissue, leaf scars, wounds, or cut apical or basal ends of cuttings. It was not as readily transported to the base when it entered apical tissue through leaf scars as when it entered intact tissue of that region. When it entered basal ends of cuttings, some of it was carried to the apex within 48 hr.
Effects of High Temperature on Yield and Carbohydrate Composition of Bush Snap Beans1
Authors: Mack H. J. , Singh J. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The percentage set of blossoms and number and weight of pods of bush snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. were reduced when plants were subjected to high maximum temperatures during bloom. Yields were reduced 0 to 65% in greenhouse and field tests. Perforated plastic-covered cages in the field produced maximum temperatures of 83 to 101°F while maximum temperatures for checks averaged 74 to 89°. High temperatures decreased carbohydrates in leaves, starch more than sugars, when compared to checks.
Consumptive Water Use in Response of Carnations to Three Irrigation Regimes1
Authors: Hanan Joe J. , Jasper Franklin D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carnations planted in November, 1965, were watered when soil moisture suction reached 0.04 bar, 0.6 bar and 10K ohms resistance (ca 20—50 bars), the latter measured with gypsum blocks. Yield was found to be highest for the 0.04 bar treatment. Mean grade was consistently higher for this treatment than the other 2 treatments throughout the flowering period. The results were mainly due to increased side shoots and longer internode lengths of cut flowers grown at suctions below 0.04 bar. Keeping life was reduced, but dye uptake was enhanced by growing carnations with frequent irrigations. Consumptive water use increased from 120.9 cm for the 10K ohm treatment to 184.7 cm for the 0.04 bar treatment, exceeding the water equivalent of solar radiation outside the greenhouse. However, there was no significant effect on water required per cut flower or on efficiency, whether the latter was based on total yield or dry weight. It was concluded that maximum production would occur where soil moisture stress is zero and internal plant stress is as close to zero as possible, provided other factors were favorable.
A Study of the Rate and Efficiency of Nutrient Absorption (KNO3) by Tomato Seedlings1
Authors: Ward G. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of KNO, to pre-starved tomato seedlings growing in pots resulted in increases in nutrient content (K and N) in the whole plant of 20 - 90% within 6 hr and up to 400% in 7 days. Plants raised in a relatively rich nutritional environment were more efficient in absorbing applied fertilizer than those raised at a lower nutritional level. Healthy vigorous plants responded to a moderate application of applied KNO3 by absorbing almost all of it. Larger applications did not result in more absorption, which suggests a control mechanism in the plant.
Influence of Fat-Sugar Derived Surfactants on Phosphorus Absorption Through Leaf Surfaces1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. , Wilcox Gerald E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fat-sugar derived surfactants were examined as to their effectiveness in the promotion of absorption of nutrient ions through leaf surfaces and subsequent translocation of these ions through the plant. The fat-sugar derived surfactants and several other commercial surfactants were added to solutions of P to test the effectiveness of the surfactants in promoting ion absorption and translocation.
The surfactants in the nutrient sprays at a 0.5% concentration were generally more effective than at 0.1% or 1.0% concentration with the exception of Polyoxyethylenated Tallow Sucroglyceride (PTS) which had its greatest effect at a 1.0% concentration. Sucro sperses and Sucro sols with 3 fatty acid molecules per sucrose molecule were more effective in increasing P uptake and transport than formulations with 1.5 or 4.5 fatty acid molecules per sucrose molecule. A 40:1 ratio of ethylene oxide to sucrose was most effective for increase of P absorption. Combining PTS and Sucroglyceride T-110 (T-110) increased P absorption more than if either surfactants were used alone. Ratios of 1:3 or 3:1 respectively, were most effective. T-110 and Sucrose Monotallowate (SMT) did not significantly increase absorption of P at any concentration tested. PTS was effective in increasing nutrient ion uptake at a 1% concentration, but it was found to be somewhat phytotoxic at this level. The fat-sugar complexes used as surfactants increased ion uptake in some instances more than 20 times compared to using no surfactant. When these same surfactants were compared to commercially used surfactants, they generally proved to be superior for use with the foliar applied nutrients.
Quantitative Inheritance of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Sweetpotatoes1
Authors: Jones Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We obtained estimates of genetic components of variance for resistance to Fusarium wilt in sweet-potato, through study of 40 randomly chosen plants of an intermating population and their respective open-pollinated offspring. The additive component accounted for virtually all of the genetic variance. Predicted advance from mass selection of the best 10% of the parents was 10.5% of the mean. The actual advance obtained in offspring of the selected plants was 13.9%. Heritability was estimated as .86.
Effect of Soil Moisture on the Recovery of Sandblasted Tomato Seedlings1
Authors: Armbrust D. V. , Dickerson J. D. , Greig J. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increasing the length of time that 4-week-old tomato seedlings are exposed to a 13.4-m/sec (30 mph) windspeed and an abrasive flux of 0.2 ton/rod width/hr decreases the dry weight of tops, decreases height of the tops, delays first bloom, lowers potential yields, and increases the number of plants killed irrespective of the pre or post-soil moisture level. Irrigation or rainfall immediately after exposure can reduce the damage.
Meiotic Abnormalities and Pollen Viability in Prunus avium L. cv. ‘Lambert’1
Authors: Whelan E. D. P. , Hornby C. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Meiosis and pollen viability of Prunus avium L. cv. ‘Lambert’ were investigated to ascertain whether there were annual or regional effects on the incidence of abnormal meiosis or pollen abortion. Studies of meiosis failed to reveal marked variation among the 3 years investigated. Comparisons between 2 similar and 2 dissimilar locations also failed to reveal marked variability in the incidence of abnormal meiosis which was estimated to be 9.62 ± 1.93%. Examination of microspore development showed that pollen abortion occurred prior to the first mitotic division of the microspore nucleus. Studies of mature pollen failed to reveal significant differences in pollen abortion among the 3 years investigated. Differences between the 2 locations and 2 types of blossom sample used also were non-significant. The mean incidence of pollen abortion was 41.6%.
Quantitative Inheritance of Ten Root Traits in Sweetpotatoes1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Steinbauer C. E. , Pope D. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A parent-offspring study of 40 sweetpotato lines grown in 6 environments provided heritability (%) estimates for 10 root characters as follow: weight, 41; number edible roots, 32; veining, 30; growth cracks, 51; flesh oxidation, 64; shape, 62; flesh color, 66; cortex thickness, 45; skin color, 81; and skin purpling, 74. In most cases the realized changes due to selection fit the predictions very well. The additive component of genetic variance was relatively more important than the non-additive for all traits except veining and number of edible roots. The study illustrates the usefulness of quantitative genetic approaches to sweetpotato breeding.
Seasonal Fluctuation of Flavanones in ‘Elberta’ Peach Flower Buds During and After the Termination of Rest1
Authors: El-Mansy Hussein I. , Walker David R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chemical methods of analyses were devised to measure flavanones extracted from peach flower buds. Bioassay techniques previously used required considerably more time and resulted in large variation between samples. In addition, results obtained with bioassays measured only the net effect of promotion and/or inhibition of cell enlargement. In ‘Elberta’ peach flower buds the flava none content was much higher during rest than after the rest period was completed when observed on a per bud basis. The lowest values were observed just prior to bloom.
Application of Calcium Sprays for the Protection of Citrus from Atmospheric Fluorides
Authors: Brewer R. F. , Sutherland F. H. , Guillemet F. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bearing ‘Valencia’ orange trees growing in a commercial orchard adjacent to a known source of fluoride air pollution were sprayed periodically over a 3-year period with Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 sprays. These materials in spray and dust forms have been used successfully in the Pacific Northwest to protect gladiolus and peaches from the harmful effects of fluoride-containing atmospheres. It has been postulated that calcium reacts with fluoride gases to produce insoluble and therefore nontoxic CaF2.
Results of these studies indicated that under conditions of high fluoride air pollution, application of lime sprays may improve citrus fruit production, but the mechanism of protection or improvement was not as simple as previously postulated. Immediately adjacent to the source where fluoride air pollution was at a maximum, applications of both Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 were associated with increased internal fluoride accumulation by ‘Valencia’ orange foliage. With increased distance and therefore diminishing air pollution, an apparent reversal in effect was observed with the calcium sprays resulting in reduced internal accumulation of fluoride.
Although the effects of CaCl2 sprays on fluoride accumulation closely paralleled those obtained with Ca(OH)2, fruit production was not improved where CaCl2 sprays were applied, possibly as a result of induced chloride toxicity.
Peach Fruit Abscission and Pollen Germination as Influenced by Ethylene and 2-chloroethane Phosphonic Acid1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
2-Chloroethane-phosphonic acid (CEPA), applied as a spray to 5-year-old ‘Maygold’ peach trees in the 80% to full bloom stage, effectively thinned blossoms and young fruit and was accomplished without severe gumming or dwarfing of subsequent vegetative growth. The reaction time required to obtain abscission (9 days) indicated that CEPA interfered with processes leading to sexual fertilization. Laboratory studies of the influence of CEPA and ethylene on pollen germination and pollen tube growth indicated that these 2 processes were not inhibited, except from exposure to high concentrations (100 to 1000 ppm) for several hours. At low concentrations (.01 to 10 ppm) both processes were stimulated.
The Effect of Spacing and Fertilization on Yield of Southern Peas1
Authors: Stewart F. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a 3-year field study the average yield of pods at green-shell maturity of the ‘Princess Anne’ variety of blackeye pea was 74% higher in 6-inch drilled rows than in 36-inch rows. Fertilizer applications did not influence yields in plots at various row spacings on a Woodstown sandy loam soil testing very high in P and high in K. Nor was there a significant interaction between spacing and fertilization.
Mineral Content of Peach Trees as Affected by Nitrogen Source and Rate1
Authors: Rogers Ewell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ammonium sulfate at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 lb. of actual N, and ammonium nitrate at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 lb. N were applied in 1964 and 1965 to ‘Red Haven’ and ‘Giant Elberta’ peach trees in Western Colorado. Ammonium sulfate increased yields of ‘Red Haven’ peaches, but ammonium nitrate did not increase yields. All N treatments increased the concentration of N in the leaves. Some N treatments depressed the uptake of K and Fe, but increased Mn. Correlations between chemical leaf analysis and physical characteristics are presented. Nitrogen treatments delayed fruit maturity and increased shoot growth.
Staking and Pruning Young Myoporum laetum Trees
Authors: Harris Richard W. , Hamilton W. Douglas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ability of young Myoporum laetum, Forst. f. trees to stand by themselves was improved by neither staking nor pruning them during their first 2 years in the landscape. Omitting these practices resulted in: 1) larger trunks at the ground, 2) trunks with greater taper, and 3) shorter tops. Taper of the trunks increased as the trees became older.
Quality of Supplemental Lighting and Bulb Planting Depth on Development of Naturally Cooled Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Harson’12
Authors: Einert A. E. , Box C. O. , Lane H. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four-hour dark period interruptions of incandescent, red and far-red radiation each night during natural cooling hastened flowering by 22, 15 and 8 days, respectively, over natural daylengths. No additional acceleration occurred when night breaks were applied during natural cooling and forcing as compared to lighting during natural cooling only. The accelerating effect of night breaks was found to be the response to light alone and not total radiant energy or temperature. Bloom date acceleration by night breaks of incandescent light was due to a proportionate acceleration in flower bud initiation. For every week of acceleration there was an average decrease of 2 flower buds and 7 leaves per stem. Bulb potting depth also influenced bloom date. The depth effects on flowering time were independent of lighting treatments. A 4-day acceleration was obtained by setting the bulb nose at the soil line as compared to a 2 inch planting depth.
Plant height was independently influenced by photoperiod-light quality and by potting depth. Height was only slightly affected by supplemental lighting during natural cooling. After forcing temperatures were reached, red and incandescent lighting caused slight height increases while far-red caused pronounced stem stretching. Exposure of the bulb above the soil at potting reduced plant height at maturity.
Differential Accumulation of Mineral Elements in the Leaves of Seedling Progenies of Seven Apple Cultivars1
Authors: Shear C. B. , Smith C. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Highly significant differences in the leaf content of 10 mineral elements occurred between seedling progenies of 7 apple cultivars. Correlations involving all 10 elements occurred between leaf contents of element pairs. A very high correlation between the accumulation of Ca and Mg suggests a common mechanism for the uptake and translocation of these elements. The wide variations between and within progenies indicate the feasibility of selecting rootstocks highly efficient in the uptake of specific nutrients. The proper use as graft components of stocks so selected offers extensive possibilities for the manipulation of the mineral composition of the scion and, thus, the control of nutrient related disorders. Tree-to-tree differences in such disorders in orchards on seedling rootstocks may be accounted for on the basis of differential nutrient uptake.
Celery Cultivar Responses to pH Adjustment on Everglades Organic Soil1
Authors: Burdine Howard W. , Guzman V. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Summer Pascal 259-19’, ‘Utah 52-70’ and 2 Florida selections from ‘Utah 52-70’ were grown on Everglades peat with varying pH levels adjusted with agricultural sulfur. At maturity, pH levels were 6.24, 5.53 and 5.20. Boron (B) and Manganese (Mn) nutritional sprays were factors in the experiment.
Nutritional sprays did not significantly affect yields, however, B sprays reduced rib cracking on most of the cultivars.
‘Summer Pascal’ response to pH was small because of a probable more efficient B uptake, and a lower nitrate nitrogen (N) requirement. Growth for all Utah cultivars increased linearly with pH. Dry weight decrease with pH increase indicated that most of the weight increase with pH was moisture, pointing toward a pronounced response to higher NO3-N supply at higher pH levels. Boron response of ‘Utah 52-70’, as indicated by cracked stem, was intermediate to its 2 cultivars. Nodal cracking in ‘Fla. 683’, selected for resistance, was little affected by pH or B sprays. Nodal cracking on ‘Fla. 2-13’ at higher pH was reduced by B sprays but not eliminated. Analytical data indicated differences between the 2 Utah cultivars in nutrient content.
The Effects of Different Chemicals on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Allium Cepa L.1
Authors: Kwan S. C. , Hamson A. R. , Campbell W. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effects of boric, indole-3-acetic, gibberellic, succinic and fumaric acids, and water extract from onion bulbs on onion pollen germination and tube growth were studied. Boric acid stimulated pollen germination and tube growth at 100 mg/liter but was toxic at 200 mg/liter. Indole-3-acetic acid slightly increased pollen germination and tube elongation at 0.05 mg/liter, but inhibited pollen tube growth at 200 mg/liter. Gibberellic acid not only enhanced germination percentage, but the higher concentrations also increased the pollen tube lengths. Succinic and fumaric acids stimulated germination, but pollen tubes burst at the higher concentrations. At 200 mg/liter of fumaric acid no germination of pollen grains was observed, but with 25 ml of bulb extract in the culture medium, germination and tube growth were stimulated. Pollen tubes developed abnormally at higher concentrations.
Vigor of Garden Bean Seeds and Seedlings Influenced by Initial Seed Moisture, Substrate Oxygen, and Imbibition Temperature1,3
Authors: Pollock B. M. , Roos E. E. , Manalo J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Germination of samples of 12 commercial seed lots from among several commercial varieties of garden beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., was tested against stresses applied during a 24 hr imbibition period. The variables studied were temperature (15° vs. 25°C), substrate moisture-oxygen supply (fine sand with high moisture and low oxygen vs. coarse sand with lower moisture and higher oxygen), and initial seed moisture (8% vs. 10% vs. 12%). The effect of stress was evaluated by determining germination percentage, seedling size, decay, mechanical damage, and rate of emergence. All lots were adversely affected by the stresses, but the stress response varied greatly between lots and between varieties. The lots of the newer varieties, ‘Tendercrop’ and ‘White Seeded Tendercrop’, were especially sensitive, with a germination percentage of one lot decreasing from 72% to 7% under stress. By contrast, the lots of older varieties were relatively insensitive, with one lot decreasing only from 92% to 81%. The stress conditions increased the number of decaying seeds and decreased seedling size and number of normal seedlings. Transverse cotyledonary cracking, in crack-sensitive varieties, increased when seeds were imbibed at a low seed moisture, especially if imbibition occurred in a fine, moist sand. The potential application of these results to seed testing, vigor testing, and stand establishment is discussed.
Effect of Grape Rootstocks on Chloride Accumulation in Leaves1
Authors: Bernstein Leon , Ehlig C. F. , Clark R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effect of 5 rootstocks on chloride accumulation in ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ scions was studied for 3 years in large sand cultures containing 12.5, 25, and 50 meq Cl-/liter of culture solution. Rootstock effects were unprecedentedly large. Scions on ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Dog Ridge’, 1613-3, and ‘Salt Creek’ roots consistently accumulated only one-half, one-third, one-tenth, and one-sixteenth as much chloride, respectively, on a leaf dry-weight basis as did scions on ‘Cardinal’ roots. Rootstock effects on chloride in canes and roots were similar to those in leaves, although differences were not as great. Leaves of ‘Cardinal’ scions accumulated more chloride than those of ‘Thompson Seedless’ on the 2 lower chloride treatments, apparently because of differential distribution of chloride between leaves and stems. Chloride accumulation tended to be proportional to substrate chloride concentrations for all rootstocks, and increases in chloride accumulation associated with advancing season and vine age also tended to be proportional. Because of extremely low chloride accumulation by vines on 1613-3 and ‘Salt Creek’ roots, the salt tolerance of grapevines on these roots would probably be limited by osmotic effects long before chloride accumulation reached toxic levels. Rootstock and chloride-treatment levels caused no other important nutritional or toxic effects.
Degreening of Citrus Fruit with Ethrel (Amchem 66-329)1
Authors: Fuchs Yoram , Cohen Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of ethrel on the color, respiration, ethylene evolution and internal quality of citrus fruit were studied. Concentrations between 100 and 5000 ppm were tested and compared to 50 ppm ethylene treatment. Fruit treated with 1000 ppm ethrel reached a satisfactory color 7 days after treatment at 17°C. Respiration and ethylene evolution levels were higher in ethrel and ethylene treated lemons than in the controls. Five thousand ppm ethrel caused rind injuries to lemons and delayed the degreening of Clementine and Shamouti oranges. Ethrel efficiency was found to be temperature dependent. Waxing the fruit delays the degreening processes. Ethrel induced eifects similar to those of ethylene.
The Response of Avocado and Mango to Soil Temperature1
Authors: Yusof Ibrahim M. , Buchanan David W. , Gerber John F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mexican avocado seedlings and grafted ‘Irwin’ mangos grown under soil temperatures of 21, 27 and 32°C responded differently. The soil temperature statistically influenced the growth of the avocado seedlings but not the mangos. A soil temperature range of 21 to 27° was best for the growth of the avocado seedlings but temperatures greater than 27° reduced growth. The number of growth flushes was greater at 27° than either 21 or 32°. The avocado seedlings were tall and upright at 21° and were short and spreading at 32°.
The mineral composition of both the avocado and the mango leaves changed with soil temperatures. The content of N and P in avocado and mango leaves was highest at 32° and lowest at 27°. The K content of the avocado leaves increased with temperature, but the Fe and Zn content decreased. In the mango Mg and Fe content was highest at 27° and lowest at 21°. Calcium content of the mango leaves decreased with soil temperature.
Assessment and Correction of the Alkalinity Problem Associated with Palabora Vermiculite1
Authors: Nelson Paul V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Palabora vermiculite having a pH of 9.8 was studied in order to (a) assess the extent of influence the alkaline reaction has upon several crops, and (b) to investigate further, means of correcting the problem where it exists. Four marigold, 3 zinnia, and 1 chrysanthemum cultivars were found to develop normally in this medium without adjustment of pH but the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Giant Betsy Ross’, which is susceptible to alkaline reaction-induced micronutrient deficiencies, developed symptoms of Fe deficiency. Correction of this problem was accomplished in 2 ways: (a) by incorporation of sphagnum peat moss into the medium, and (b) by a drench with H3PO4 at the rate of 40 meq/100 g dry vermiculite.