bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network bandwidth variation‐adapted state transfer for geo‐replicated state machines and its application to dynamic replica replacement
Authors: Chiba Tairi , Ohmura Ren , Nakamura Junya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new state transfer method for geographic state machine replication (SMR) that dynamically allocates the state to be transferred among replicas according to changes in communication bandwidths. SMR improves fault tolerance by replicating a service to multiple replicas. When a replica is newly added or recovered from a failure, the other replicas transfer the current state of the service to it. However, in geographic SMR, the communication bandwidths of replicas are different and constantly changing. Therefore, existing state transfer methods cannot fully utilize the available bandwidth, and their state transfer time increases. To overcome this problem, our method divides the state into multiple chunks and assigns them to replicas based on each replica's bandwidth so that the broader a replica's bandwidth is, the more chunks it transfers. The proposed method also updates the chunk assignment of each replica dynamically based on the currently estimated bandwidth. The performance evaluation on Amazon EC2 shows that the proposed method reduces the state transfer time by up to 47% compared to the existing one. In addition, we apply the proposed method to dynamic replacement of replicas, which can mitigate latency degradation caused by network trouble, and evaluate how fast the method can relocate a replica.
Models Used to Predict Chemical Bioaccumulation in Fish from in Vitro Biotransformation Rates Require Accurate Estimates of Blood–Water Partitioning and Chemical Volume of Distribution
Authors: Saunders Leslie J. , Nichols John W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Methods for extrapolating measured in vitro intrinsic clearance to a whole-body biotransformation rate constant (kB) have been developed to support modeled bioaccumulation assessments for fish. The inclusion of extrapolated kB values into existing bioaccumulation models improves the prediction of chemical bioconcentration factors (BCFs), but there remains a tendency for these methods to overestimate BCFs relative to measured values. Therefore, a need exists to evaluate the extrapolation procedure to assess potential sources of error in predicted kB values. We examined how three different approaches (empirically based, composition based, and polyparameter linear free energy relationships [ppLFERs]) used to predict chemical partitioning in vitro (liver S9 system; KS9W), in blood (KBW), and in whole fish tissues (KFW) impact the prediction of a chemical's hepatic clearance binding term (fU) and apparent volume of distribution (VD), both of which factor into the calculation of kB and the BCF. Each approach yielded different KS9W, KBW, and KFW values, but resulted in fU values that were of similar magnitude and remained relatively constant at log octanol–water partition ratios (KOW) greater than 4. This is because KBW and KS9W values predicted by any given approach exhibit a similar dependence on log KOW (i.e., regression slope), which results in a cancelation of “errors” when fU is calculated. In contrast, differences in KBW values predicted by the three approaches translate to differences in VD, and by extension kB and the BCF, which become most apparent at log KOW greater than 6. There is a need to collect KBW and VD data for hydrophobic chemicals in fish that can be used to evaluate and improve existing partitioning prediction approaches in extrapolation models for fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:33–45. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
Errors in the specification of volume of distribution (VD), rather than the hepatic clearance binding term (fU), may contribute to inaccuracies in bioconcentration factors (BCFs) predicted from in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) methods. CLINT, intrinsic clearance rate; CLH, hepatic clearance rate; kB, biotransformation rate constant.
Mobility in the context of exposure-based assessment of chemicals for drinking water resource protection
Authors: Pawlowski Sascha , Aicher Lothar , Berends Albert , Curtis-Jackson Pippa , Häner Andreas , Hollender Juliane , Jene Bernhard , Jenner Karen , Redman Aaron , Sanders Gordon , Vallotton Nathalie , Wang Neil , Wheeler James R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to protect European Union (EU) drinking water resources from chemical contamination, criteria for identifying persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) chemicals and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) chemicals under the EU REACH Regulation were proposed by the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt—UBA). Additionally, new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances in the revised EU classification, labeling, and packaging (CLP Regulation) are intended. Therefore, a reliable approach in the identification of potential drinking water resource contaminants is needed. The scientific basis of the property-based PMT/vPvM criteria, focusing on mobility, which dictates the migration of chemical drinking water sources, was evaluated, and a critical analysis of the deviation of sorption metrics from simple behavior was carried out. Based on our evaluation, a Koc may be used for nonionic substances on a screening level only, requiring a higher tier assessment. It is considered inappropriate for hydrophilic and ionizable chemicals, particularly for soils with low organic carbon contents. The nonextractable residue formation is complex and not well understood but remains significant in limiting the mobility of chemicals through soils and sediments. In order to inform the EU commission's work on the introduction of new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances into the European legislation, the derivation of a tiered approach is proposed, which utilizes the weight of evidence available, with adoption of appropriate higher tier models commensurate with the nature of the substance and the data available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:775–791. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
[3+2] cycloaddition synthesis of new (nicotinonitrile‐chromene)‐based bis(pyrazole) hybrids as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA [3+2] cycloaddition protocol was used to prepare two series of (nicotinonitrile‐chromene)‐based bis(pyrazoles) in 82%–91% yields. The protocol involved the reaction of nitrilimines, which were generated in situ by the action of triethylamine on hydrazonoyl chlorides, with the respective (nicotinonitrile‐chromene)‐based bis(enaminone). At the concentrations tested, bis(pyrazole) linked to 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) and 3‐acetyl units had the best acetylcholinesterase and DPPH‐free radical inhibitory activity.
Optimal Theory and educational realities for African Americans: Suggestions for humanistic counselors working K‐16
Authors: Middleton Tanya J. , Arjune Bhudayal , Peebles Ezekiel , Hughes DeQuindre , Dollarhide Colette T 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRacial inequalities embedded in systemic policies have received increased attention, renewing calls for transforming education systems to ensure life success for all students. This article illuminates humanistic counseling responses using Optimal Theory to address racist educational barriers that limit African American students’ success.
Comparing the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms before versus during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lin Jasmine S. , Tan Bruce , Yeh Chen , Kern Robert , Conley David , Welch Kevin , Peters Anju , Smith Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 measures such as masking, social distancing, and staying indoors may mitigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms. We evaluate whether these measures correlated with improved symptoms in patients with CRS.MethodsThis retrospective study compared SNOT‐22 survey data from the Northwestern CRS Registry at the time of enrollment and at years 1–5 of follow‐up. The final sample consisted of 1826 SNOT‐22 surveys for 598 patients. April 10, 2020 to December 31, 2021 was considered "during the pandemic" and prior to March 11, 2020 was considered "pre‐pandemic." Wilcoxon test was used to compare SNOT22 at enrollment pre‐pandemic versus during pandemic. Separate linear mixed models were performed to estimate SNOT22 at 1 to 5 years after enrollment pre‐pandemic versus during pandemic.ResultsSubjects enrolled during the pandemic had worse SNOT22 scores than those enrolled pre‐pandemic (53 vs. 42, p = .0024). Total SNOT‐22 scores were improved during the pandemic than before the pandemic at 1 year follow‐up (18.17 vs. 12.22, p = .001). This effect persists when evaluating the nasal (7.33 vs. 5.13, p = .003), sleep (2.63 vs. 1.39, p = .008), function (1.40 vs. 0.72, p = .015), and emotion (0.77 vs. 0.17, p < .001) domains individually. There was no statistically significant difference in total SNOT‐22 score at Years 2–5 of follow‐up.ConclusionsPatients with CRS experience a greater reduction in symptom severity in their first year of treatment during the pandemic than before the pandemic, plausibly from measures such as masking and staying indoors.Level of Evidence4
Supramolecular Phthalimide Networks Via Tandem Diels–Alder Reaction–Aromatization Using Biomass‐Derived Furanic Dienes
Authors: Kim Byounghyun , Lee Juhyen , Bae Han Yong , Son Seung Uk , Song Changsik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe design and synthesis of phthalimide derivatives are important goals for applications in fields such as pharmaceutical science and optoelectronics. In the present study, a facile and convenient synthetic pathway (no heat or acid/catalyst needed) is devised to produce phthalimides from a biomass‐derived furan by directly introducing an N‐carbamate group at the C‐2 position of the furan ring via thermal Curtius rearrangement. The electron‐donating N‐carbamate group increases the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the furan diene, resulting in a significant increase of the rate of the Diels–Alder reaction with maleimide compared to the conventional furfuryl furan. Interestingly, the Diels–Alder adduct smoothly undergoes aromatization (dehydration) to generate the phthalimide motif. It is shown that the biomass‐derived phthalimides can produce supramolecular gels and act as sensors of basic anions like F− and CN−. The novel synthetic pathway to phthalimide derivatives from a biomass‐derived furan can potentially be used to develop novel phthalimide motifs for a variety of applications.
Accurate and efficient measurement of channelized Hotelling observer‐based low‐contrast detectability on the ACR CT accreditation phantom
Authors: Fan Mingdong , Thayib Theodore , McCollough Cynthia , Yu Lifeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent CT quality control (QC) for low‐contrast detectability relies on visual inspection and measurement of contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). However, CNR numbers become unreliable when it comes to nonlinear methods, such as iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep‐learning‐based techniques. Image quality metrics using channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) have been validated to be well correlated with human observer performance on phantom‐based and patient‐based tasks, but it has not been widely used in routine CT QC mainly because the CHO calculation typically requires a large number of repeated scans in order to provide accurate and precise estimate of index of detectability (d′).PurposeThe main goal of this work is to optimize channel filters and other CHO parameters and accurately estimate the low‐contrast detectability with minimum number of repeated scans for the widely used American College of Radiology (ACR) CT accreditation phantom so that it can become practically feasible for routine CT QC tests.MethodsTo provide a converged d′ value, an ACR phantom was repeatedly scanned 100 times at three dose levels (24, 12, and 6 mGy). Images were reconstructed with two kernels (FBP Br44 and IR Br44‐3). d′ as a function of number of repeated scans was determined for different number of background regions of interest (ROIs), different number of low‐contrast objects, different number of slices per each object, and different channel filter options. A reference d′ was established using the optimized CHO setting, and the bias of d′ was quantified using the d′ calculated from all 100 repeated scans. The variation of d′ at each condition was estimated using a resampling method combining random subsampling among 100 repeated scans and bootstrapping of the ensembles of signal and background ROIs.ResultsOptimized parameters in CHO calculation were determined: two background ROIs per object, four objects per low‐contrast object size, nine non‐overlapping slices per object, and a 4‐channel Gabor filter. The bias and uncertainty were estimated at different numbers of repeated scans using these parameters. When only one single scan was used in the CHO calculation, the bias of d′ was below 6.2% and the uncertainty 15.6‐19.6% for the 6, 5, and 4 mm objects, while with three repeated scans the bias was below 2.0% and uncertainty 8.7‐10.9% for the three object sizes.ConclusionWith optimized parameter settings in CHO, efficient and accurate measurement of low‐contrast detectability on the commonly used ACR phantom becomes feasible, which could potentially lead to adoption of CHO‐based low‐contrast evaluation in routine QC tests.
The influence of magnetic and Aharanov–Bohm fields on energy spectra of diatomic molecules in the framework of the Dirac equation with the generalized interaction potential
Authors: Khokha E. M. , Abu‐Shady M. , Abdel‐Karim T. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present the relativistic and non‐relativistic solutions of the Dirac equation with the spin symmetry for the generalized Cornell potential (GCP) using the wave function ansatz method in the existence of external magnetic and Aharanov–Bohm (AB) flux fields. The relativistic energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions are found for varied vibrational and magnetic quantum numbers. By adapting the GCP parameters, we derive the relativistic and non‐relativistic energy eigenvalues with and without external fields for a set of potential models including the Killingbeck, harmonic oscillator, pseudoharmonic, anharmonic, Cornell, Coulomb, Kratzer, and modified Kratzer potentials. Additionally, the non‐relativistic energy spectra of the Kratzer and modified Kratzer potentials are reported with and without external magnetic and AB flux fields for several diatomic molecules (DMs). We discovered that in the existence of external magnetic and AB flux fields, the non‐relativistic energy spectrum increases and degeneracy disappears. Furthermore, the AB flux field has a stronger impact on the energy spectrum than the magnetic field. To substantiate our findings, we calculate the energy levels of the Kratzer and modified Kratzer potentials for diverse DMs and find that they are perfectly consistent with previous studies.
Incidence of stillbirth: effect of deprivation
Authors: Arechvo A. , Nikolaidi D. A. , Gil M. M. , Rolle V. , Syngelaki A. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the relationship between the English index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the incidence of stillbirth and assess whether IMD contributes to the prediction of stillbirth provided by the combination of maternal demographic characteristics and elements of medical history.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of 159 125 women with a singleton pregnancy who attended their first routine hospital visit at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation in two maternity hospitals in the UK. The inclusion criterion was delivery at ≥ 24 weeks' gestation of a fetus without major abnormality. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and obstetric and medical history. IMD was used as a measure of socioeconomic status, which takes into account income, employment, education, skills and training, health and disability, crime, barriers to housing and services, and living environment. Each neighborhood is ranked according to its level of deprivation relative to that of other areas into one of five equal groups, with Quintile 1 containing the 20% most deprived areas and Quintile 5 containing the 20% least deprived areas. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether IMD provided a significant independent contribution to stillbirth after adjustment for known maternal risk factors.ResultsThe overall incidence of stillbirth was 0.35% (551/159 125), and this was significantly higher in the most deprived compared with the least deprived group (Quintile 1 vs Quintile 5). The odds ratio (OR) in Quintile 1 was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.16–2.14) for any stillbirth, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.20–2.28) for antenatal stillbirth and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.23–2.98) for placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth. In Quintile 1 (vs Quintile 5), there was a higher incidence of factors that contribute to stillbirth, including black race, increased body mass index, smoking, chronic hypertension and previous stillbirth. The OR of black (vs white) race was 2.58 (95% CI, 2.14–3.10) for any stillbirth, 2.62 (95% CI, 2.16–3.17) for antenatal stillbirth and 3.34 (95% CI, 2.59–4.28) for placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth. Multivariate analysis showed that IMD did not have a significant contribution to the prediction of stillbirth provided by maternal race and other maternal risk factors. In contrast, in black (vs white) women, the risk of any and antenatal stillbirth was 2.4‐fold higher and the risk of placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth was 2.9‐fold higher after adjustment for other maternal risk factors.ConclusionsThe incidence of stillbirth, particularly placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth, is higher in women living in the most deprived areas in South East England. However, in screening for stillbirth, inclusion of IMD does not improve the prediction provided by race, other maternal characteristics and elements of medical history. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Late‐gestation prediction of outcome in tricuspid valve dysplasia and Ebstein's anomaly using fetal tricuspid regurgitation waveform analysis
Authors: Ikegawa T. , Kim K.‐S. , Kawataki M. , Ichikawa Y. , Ono S. , Yanagi S. , Ueda H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the criteria, based on fetal TR waveforms in late gestation, to predict biventricular circulation (BV) after birth in cases of tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) or Ebstein's anomaly diagnosed during the fetal period.MethodsWe included 35 consecutive cases diagnosed with TVD or Ebstein's anomaly during the fetal period between January 2008 and December 2021 at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan. The maximum velocity and change in pressure over time of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet (dP/dt), estimated using TR waveforms obtained during the late‐gestation period (gestational age ≥ 28 weeks), were collected from patient records. dP/dt was calculated by dividing the change in estimated right ventricular pressure obtained using Bernoulli's principle by the time taken for the TR maximum velocity to change from one‐third to two‐thirds of its peak value. The outcome was divided into four categories: BV, single ventricular circulation, neonatal death and fetal death. Patients with BV were included in the BV group, while patients with single ventricular circulation, neonatal death or fetal death were included in the non‐BV (NBV) group.ResultsOverall, 19 and 16 patients were included in the BV and NBV groups, respectively. The median TR maximum velocity was 3.3 (range, 2.4–3.6) m/s in the BV group and 1.9 (range, 1.0–3.3) m/s in the NBV group. There were no cases of postnatal BV in fetuses with TR maximum velocity < 2.4 m/s; cases with TR maximum velocity of 2.4–3.3 m/s were observed in both BV and NBV groups. Receiver‐operating‐characteristics‐curve analysis was performed on the 11 patients in the BV group and five patients in the NBV group with a TR maximum velocity of 2.4–3.3 m/s. dP/dt ≥ 350 mmHg/s and TR maximum velocity ≥ 2.9 m/s were identified as criteria for predicting the outcome in such cases. The performance of dP/dt ≥ 350 mmHg/s in predicting BV after birth in fetuses with TVD or Ebstein's anomaly was higher compared to that of TR maximum velocity ≥ 2.9 m/s (sensitivity, 90.9% vs 72.3% and specificity, 80.0% vs 80.0%, respectively).ConclusionsIn fetuses with TVD or Ebstein's anomaly, the postnatal outcome may be BV or NBV when the TR maximum velocity is 2.4–3.3 m/s. In such cases, by combining the TR maximum velocity with dP/dt ≥ 350 mmHg/s, BV after birth may be predicted with greater accuracy. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Three‐dimensional printed microfluidic mixer/extractor for cell lysis and lipidomic profiling by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Zhengdong , Li Bochao , Stuart Daniel D. , Cheng Quan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLipidomic profiling has been linked to the detection of cancers as dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with many disease states. Current work on chip‐based profiling has been limited and is largely hindered by issues associated with the chip's sophisticated fabrication processes. We report here the design and fabrication of a highly efficient microfluidic mixer/extractor by using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology for on‐chip cell lysis/enrichment for lipidomic profiling with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS). The platform consists of a micropillar mixer for flow‐through lysis and an on‐chip reservoir to separate phases where the lipid‐enriched layer was collected for subsequent MS analysis. The mass transfer between the two phases was simulated by a computational fluid dynamics study, and the efficiency in cell lysis in different extraction solvent systems was characterized by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed increased performance in extraction with the micropillar mixer as compared with the standard Bligh‐Dyer method. For lipid profiling of C. reinhardtii cells by MALDI‐MS, over 65 lipid species from the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomo‐Ser, and triacylglycerol lipid families have been identified. The effect of organic solvents on extraction and lipid profiles was also investigated, and the results indicated that the extractant formula has a diverse impact on the collection of certain types of lipid species, presenting useful guidance for the system to be applied to targeted enrichment of lipids with specific cells. The microfluidic chips by the 3D printing technique reported here offer new platforms potentially for clinical lipidomics and can provide a novel avenue in disease diagnosis.