bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Clostridium beijerinckii and Medium Modifications on Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Production From Switchgrass
Authors: Olorunsogbon Tinuola , Adesanya Yinka , Atiyeh Hasan K. , Okonkwo Christopher Chukwudi , Ujor Victor Chinomso , Ezeji Thaddeus Chukwuemeka 
Published: August 2022

The presence of lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitory compounds (LDMICs) in lignocellulosic biomass (LB) hydrolysates is a barrier to efficient conversion of LB hydrolysates to fuels and chemicals by fermenting microorganisms. Results from this study provide convincing evidence regarding the effectiveness of metabolically engineered C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 for the fermentation of LB-derived hydrolysates to acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE). The engineered microbial strain (C. beijerinckii_SDR) was produced by the integration of an additional copy of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) gene (Cbei_3904) into the chromosome of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 wildtype, where it is controlled by the constitutive thiolase promoter. The C. beijerinckii_SDR and C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 wildtype were used for comparative fermentation of non-detoxified and detoxified hydrothermolysis-pretreated switchgrass hydrolysates (SHs) with and without (NH4)2CO3 supplementation. In the absence of (NH4)2CO3, fermentation of non-detoxified SH with C. beijerinckii_SDR resulted in the production of 3.13- and 2.25-fold greater quantities of butanol (11.21 g/L) and total ABE (20.24 g/L), respectively, than the 3.58 g/L butanol and 8.98 g/L ABE produced by C. beijerinckii_wildtype. When the non-detoxified SH was supplemented with (NH4)2CO3, concentrations were similar for butanol (9.5 compared with 9.2 g/L) and ABE (14.2 compared with 13.5 g/L) produced by C. beijerinckii_SDR and C. beijerinckii_wildtype, respectively. Furthermore, when C. beijerinckii_SDR and C. beijerinckii_wildtype were cultured in detoxified SH medium, C. beijerinckii_SDR produced 1.11- and 1.18-fold greater quantities of butanol and ABE, respectively, than when there was culturing with C. beijerinckii_wildtype. When the combined results of the present study are considered, conclusions are that the microbial strain and medium modifications of the fermentation milieu resulted in greater production of fuels and chemicals from non-detoxified LB hydrolysates.
Identifying novel mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm via unbiased proteomics and systems biology
Authors: Morgan Stephanie , Lee Lang Ho , Halu Arda , Nicolau Jessica S. , Higashi Hideyuki , Ha Anna H. , Wen Jennifer R. , Daugherty Alan , Libby Peter , Cameron Scott J. , Mix Doran , Aikawa Elena , Owens A. Phillip , Singh Sasha A. , Aikawa Masanori 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), characterized by a continued expansion of the aorta, leads to rupture if not surgically repaired. Mice aid the study of disease progression and its underlying mechanisms since sequential studies of aneurysm development are not feasible in humans. The present study used unbiased proteomics and systems biology to understand the molecular relationship between the mouse models of AAA and the human disease.Methods and resultsAortic tissues of developing and established aneurysms produced by either angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− mice or intraluminal elastase incubation in wildtype C57BL/6J mice were examined. Aortas were dissected free and separated into eight anatomical segments for proteomics in comparison to their appropriate controls. High-dimensional proteome cluster analyses identified site-specific protein signatures in the suprarenal segment for AngII-infused mice (159 for Apoe−/− and 158 for Ldlr−/−) and the infrarenal segment for elastase-incubated mice (173). Network analysis revealed a predominance of inflammatory and coagulation factors in developing aneurysms, and a predominance of fibrosis-related pathways in established aneurysms for both models. To further substantiate our discovery platform, proteomics was performed on human infrarenal aortic aneurysm tissues as well as aortic tissue collected from age-matched controls. Protein processing and inflammatory pathways, particularly neutrophil-associated inflammation, dominated the proteome of the human aneurysm abdominal tissue. Aneurysmal tissue from both mouse and human had inflammation, coagulation, and protein processing signatures, but differed in the prevalence of neutrophil-associated pathways, and erythrocyte and oxidative stress-dominated networks in the human aneurysms.ConclusionsIdentifying changes unique to each mouse model will help to contextualize model-specific findings. Focusing on shared proteins between mouse experimental models or between mouse and human tissues may help to better understand the mechanisms for AAA and establish molecular bases for novel therapies.
Virtual treatment planning in three patients with univentricular physiology using computational fluid dynamics—Pitfalls and strategies
Authors: Schafstedde Marie , Yevtushenko Pavlo , Nordmeyer Sarah , Kramer Peter , Schleiger Anastasia , Solowjowa Natalia , Berger Felix , Photiadis Joachim , Mykychak Yaroslav , Cho Mi-Young , Ovroutski Stanislav , Kuehne Titus , Brüning Jan 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundUneven hepatic venous blood flow distribution (HFD) to the pulmonary arteries is hypothesized to be responsible for the development of intrapulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) in patients with univentricular physiology. Thus, achieving uniform distribution of hepatic blood flow is considered favorable. However, no established method for the prediction of the post-interventional hemodynamics currently exists. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers the possibility to quantify HFD in patient-specific anatomies before and after virtual treatment. In this study, we evaluated the potential benefit of CFD-assisted treatment planning.Materials and methodsThree patients with total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) and PAVM underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and computed tomography imaging (CT). Based on this imaging data, the patient-specific anatomy was reconstructed. These patients were considered for surgery or catheter-based intervention aiming at hepatic blood flow re-routing. CFD simulations were then performed for the untreated state as well as for different surgical and interventional treatment options. These treatment options were applied as suggested by treating cardiologists and congenital heart surgeons with longstanding experience in interventional and surgical treatment of patients with univentricular physiology. HFD was quantified for all simulations to identify the most viable treatment decision regarding redistribution of hepatic blood flow.ResultsFor all three patients, the complex TCPC anatomy could be reconstructed. However, due to the presence of metallic stent implants, hybrid models generated from CT as well as CMR data were required. Numerical simulation of pre-interventional HFD agreed well with angiographic assessment and physiologic considerations. One treatment option resulting in improvement of HFD was identified for each patient. In one patient follow-up data after treatment was available. Here, the virtual treatment simulation and the CMR flow measurements differed by 15%.ConclusionThe combination of modern computational methods as well as imaging methods for assessment of patient-specific anatomy and flow might allow to optimize patient-specific therapy planning in patients with pronounced hepatic flow mismatch and PAVM. In this study, we demonstrate that these methods can also be applied in patients with complex univentricular physiology and extensive prior interventions. However, in those cases, hybrid approaches utilizing information of different image modalities may be required.
Use of intravascular ultrasound for optimal vessel sizing in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Blessing Recha , Buono Andrea , Ahoopai Majid , Geyer Martin , Knorr Maike , Brandt Moritz , Steven Sebastian , Drosos Ioannis , Muenzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip , Gori Tommaso , Dimitriadis Zisis 
Published: August 2022

AimThe aim of this study is to provide evidence on how use of standardized intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use impacts stent size choice in the setting of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to visual estimation.Methods and resultsData of 82 consecutive patients who had successfully undergone IVUS-guided revascularization of CTO at the University Medical Center Mainz were analyzed. Angiography-based stent size prediction for the proximal and distal vessels was compared to the implanted stent diameter after IVUS assessment. Angiography-based stent size prediction for the proximal vessel was 3.09 ± 0.41, whereas IVUS use demonstrated larger vessel diameter, resulting in larger implanted stent diameter (3.24 ± 0.45, p &lt; 0.001). Proximal vessel stent size prediction was underestimated in the majority of patients by angiographic estimation. Angiography-based stent size prediction for the distal vessel was 2.79 ± 0.38, whereas IVUS use demonstrated larger vessel diameter, resulting in larger implanted stent diameter (2.92 ± 0.39, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionPre-stent IVUS assessment in CTO PCI provides important information on vessel morphology and size. Angiography-based stent size prediction for the proximal and distal vessels was frequently underestimated, IVUS use demonstrated larger vessel diameter, resulting in significantly larger implanted stent diameter.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on life quality in chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Song Yinyin , Zhao Zinan , Zhang Jingwen , Zhao Fei , Jin Pengfei 
Published: August 2022

AimsSacubitril/valsartan has been demonstrated to have cardiovascular benefits in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of its effects on life quality in patients with CHF, in comparison with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through March 2022 for all relevant randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with CHF. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and assessment of bias and quality of evidence. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsWe included 10 clinical studies involving 10,426 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and 7,689 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Meta-analysis results showed that, in terms of the primary outcome, the sacubitril/valsartan group was superior than the ACEI/ARB group in improving HRQoL of HFrEF, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD 1.26; 95% CI: 0.14, 2.37; p = 0.03), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in HFpEF (SMD 0.37; 95% CI: −0.35, 1.09; p = 0.32). The effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the secondary outcome of the minimal important improvement rate of HRQoL in HFrEF was consistent with the primary outcome, while the effect in HFpEF was not clear. The descriptive analysis of individual studies indicated no significant difference in the improvement of 6-min walk distance between the two groups.ConclusionSacubitril/valsartan is beneficial to improve HRQoL outcome in patients with HFrEF with high quality of evidence. Compared with ACEI/ARB, sacubitril/valsartan was more effective. While in patients with HFpEF, this improvement was similar between the two groups.
Predictors of thromboembolic complications after stent-assisted coiling of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Li Gaozhi , Xing Haixia , Mao Guohua , Cai Jing , Jin Dianshi , Tian Yujie , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhao Bing 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundStent-assisted coiling (SAC) has been reported to safely and effectively treat wide-necked unruptured intracranial aneurysms. However, SAC of acutely ruptured aneurysms is controversial because of perioperative thromboembolic complications. We aimed to investigate the predictors of the thromboembolic complications after SAC of acutely ruptured aneurysms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of 110 consecutive patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with SAC within 72 h of the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thromboembolic complications were defined as any angiographic filling defects at the aneurysms base or the distal artery during the stent treatment and the new onset of symptomatic ischemia and a new hypo-density in a vascular distribution confirmed by CT scan within 24 h of treatment. These patients were grouped into patients with thromboembolic complications and those without thromboembolic complications. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of thromboembolic complications.ResultsOne hundred and one patients with 101 ruptured aneurysms were included in this study. 9 (8.9%) patients experienced thromboembolic complications. Patients with thromboembolic complications had a higher rate of unfavorable outcomes at discharge (P &lt; 0.001) and at the last follow-up (p = 0.017). Of these patients, four patients presented with intraprocedural thrombus formation, and 5 experienced postprocedural ischemia. There was a trend toward thromboembolic complications in patients with a higher Fisher grade (p = 0.076) and those treated with intravenous tirofiban (p = 0.052). Patients with thromboembolic complications more often presented with poor grade clinical conditions (p = 0.005) and aneurysms with a large dome to neck ratio (p = 0.031). In the multivariate analysis, a worse World Federation World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) grade (OR = 8.241; 95% CI 1.686–40.292; P = 0.009) and a larger dome to neck ratio (OR = 5.385; 95% CI 1.023–28.337; P = 0.047) were independent predictors of thromboembolic complications.ConclusionPatients with thromboembolic complications are more likely to have an unfavorable outcome. A worse clinical condition before the treatment and a larger dome to neck ratio were independent predictors of thromboembolic complications after SAC of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and no standard modifiable risk factors–A DANAMI-3 substudy
Authors: Mazhar Jawad , Ekström Kathrine , Kozor Rebecca , Grieve Stuart M. , Nepper-Christensen Lars , Ahtarovski Kiril A. , Kelbæk Henning , Høfsten Dan E. , Køber Lars , Vejlstrup Niels , Vernon Stephen T. , Engstrøm Thomas , Lønborg Jacob , Figtree Gemma A. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionA higher 30-day mortality has been observed in patients with first-presentation ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have no standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs), i. e., diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and current smoker. In this study, we evaluate the clinical outcomes and CMR imaging characteristics of patients with and without SMuRFs who presented with first-presentation STEMI.MethodsPatients from the Third DANish Study of Acute Treatment of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DANAMI-3) with first-presentation STEMI were classified into those with no SMuRFs vs. those with at least one SMuRF.ResultsWe identified 2,046 patients; 283 (14%) SMuRFless and 1,763 (86%) had &gt;0 SMuRF. SMuRFless patients were older (66 vs. 61 years, p &lt; 0.001) with more males (84 vs. 74%, p &lt; 0.001), more likely to have left anterior descending artery (LAD) as the culprit artery (50 vs. 42%, p = 0.009), and poor pre-PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) flow ≤1 (78 vs. 64%; p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in all-cause mortality, non-fatal reinfarction, or hospitalization for heart failure at 30 days or at long-term follow-up. CMR imaging was performed on 726 patients. SMuRFless patients had larger acute infarct size (17 vs. 13%, p = 0.04) and a smaller myocardial salvage index (42 vs. 50%, p = 0.02). These differences were attenuated when the higher LAD predominance and/or TIMI 0-1 flow were included in the model.ConclusionDespite no difference in 30-day mortality, SMuRFless patients had a larger infarct size and a smaller myocardial salvage index following first-presentation STEMI. This association was mediated by a larger proportion of LAD culprits and poor TIMI flow pre-PCI.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT01435408 (DANAMI 3-iPOST and DANAMI 3-DEFER) and NCT01960933 (DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI).
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with Takayasu arteritis coexisting with myocardial ischemia and neurological symptoms: A multicenter, long-term, follow-up study
Authors: Huo Junting , Wang Bin , Yu LiJun , Gao Dewei , Cheng Rui , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Xianliang , Tian Tao , Gao Linggen 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe incidence of coexisting myocardial ischemia and neurological symptoms in Takayasu arteritis (TA) is currently unknown. There is no standardized treatment algorithm in complex cases involving the coronary and intracranial arteries.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with TA coexisting with myocardial ischemia and neurological symptoms.MethodsWe retrospectively collected and assessed 1,580 patients with TA, and enrolled patients with myocardial ischemia and neurological symptoms from January 2002 to December 2021 in several hospitals. The incidence, clinical features, management strategy, and prognosis of these patients were evaluated.ResultsNinety-four (5.9%, 94/1,580) patients with TA coexisting with myocardial ischemia and neurological symptoms were included in the present study. Imaging results showed that the subclavian arteries were the most frequently affected arteries and 37 patients had intracranial vascular abnormalities, comprising the basilar artery (6.1%, 17/279), middle cerebral artery (2.5%, 7/279), anterior cerebral artery (2.9%, 8/279), and posterior cerebral artery (1.9%, 5/279). Among patients with neurological symptoms, 25 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and 20 patients underwent stent implantation. The most common site of stenosis was the ostial and proximal segments of the coronary artery, with 142 lesions among 188 (75.5%) lesions. Thirty-eight patients adopted interventional therapy, 21 patients underwent surgical treatment, and the remaining 35 patients received conservative treatment. There were 20 (21.27%, 20/94) late deaths during a mean follow-up of 57.79 months. The mortality rate in the conservative treatment group was significantly higher than that in the interventional therapy and surgical treatment groups.ConclusionPatients with TA involving both the coronary and intracranial vessels are not rare. Stenosis and occlusion lesions most frequently involve the ostia and proximal segment of the arteries. Severe vascular lesions should be revascularized as soon as possible. These patients should be supplemented with glucocorticoids, antiplatelet, nitrates, and statins.
Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism: Predictors and outcomes of guideline adherence in a long-term prospective cohort study
Authors: Mertins Tamara , Nilius Henning , Boss Robin , Knuchel Matthias , Signorell Andri , Huber Carola A. , Blozik Eva , Kremer Hovinga Johanna Anna , Bachmann Lucas M. , Nagler Michael 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPrevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered a main goal of VTE management. However, the extent to which physicians adhere to the recommendations from evidence-based guidelines is unknown.AimFrom a large, prospective clinical cohort, we aimed to (1) quantify the adherence of treatment recommendations to evidence-based guidelines and establish its predictors, and (2) estimate its impact on clinical outcomes and costs in patients with VTE.MethodsWe included 6'243 consecutive patients with VTE treated at the university outpatient unit. Detailed clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations were recorded. Adherence of treatment recommendations to evidence-based guidelines at risk assessment was assessed in terms of duration of anticoagulant treatment. Data on death were obtained from the Swiss Central Compensation Office. Health care claims data recorded between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from Helsana, one of the largest Swiss health insurance companies.ResultsThe adherence to evidence-based guidelines was 36.1%. Among patients with non-adherence, overtreatment was present in 70.1%. Significant patient-related predictors of guideline adherence were (a) age above 50 years, (b) male sex, (c) pulmonary embolism, (d) unprovoked VTE, (e) multiple VTE, (f) laboratory tests not ordered, and (g) various cardiovascular comorbidities. Non-adherence was not significantly associated with mortality, hospitalization, admission to nursing home, and costs.ConclusionsThe adherence to evidence-based guidelines was low, and several unrelated predictors appeared. Although these results need to be confirmed in other settings, they highlight the need for implementation of evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice.
Effectiveness of a hybrid digital substance abuse prevention approach combining e-Learning and in-person class sessions
Authors: Griffin Kenneth W. , Williams Christopher , Botvin Caroline M. , Sousa Sandra , Botvin Gilbert J. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEffective school-based programs for preventing substance abuse offer considerable public health potential. Yet limited class time and uneven implementation fidelity can be barriers to widespread adoption and high-quality implementation. A hybrid digital approach may be effective and help address these barriers.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid substance abuse prevention program for middle school students consisting of e-learning modules and in-person class sessions.DesignTwenty-three United States (U.S.) middle schools were randomly assigned either to an intervention condition (13 schools) or a treatment-as-usual control condition (10 schools) where standard health education material was delivered. There were 1,447 participants who completed the pre-test and post-test assessments, of which 48.3% were male and 51.7% female.InterventionThe hybrid digital intervention consisted of 14 brief e-learning modules and six classroom sessions adapted from an evidence-based program designed for classroom implementation to increase knowledge of adverse consequences of substance use and improve social skills, personal coping skills, and skills for resisting social influences to smoke, drink, or use drugs.MeasuresParticipating students completed online pre-test and post-test surveys to assess substance use, knowledge, and life skills.ResultsThere were significant reductions in substance use for the hybrid digital condition compared to the control condition as well as significant increases in health knowledge, skills knowledge, and life skills.ConclusionsA hybrid digital approach to substance abuse prevention is effective and offers potential for overcoming common barriers to widespread adoption and high-quality implementation.