bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning approach for facial emotions recognition using principal component analysis and neural network techniques
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Hariharasitaraman S. , Joshi Shubham , Jain Vishal , Ramanan M. , SampathKumar A. , Elngar Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, advanced facial emotions are recognized using Neural network‐based (NN) PCA methodology. The earlier models are cannot detect facial emotions with moving conditions but the CCTV and other advanced applications are mostly depending on moving object‐based emotion recognition. The blurring, mask, and moving object‐based facial image are applied to the training process, and at the testing condition, real‐time facial images are applied. The PCA is extracting features and pre‐processing the images with NN deep learning process. The proposed facial emotion recognition model is most useful for advanced applications. The design is finally verified through confusion matrix computations and gets measures like accuracy 98.34%, sensitivity 98.34% Recall 97.34%, and F score 98.45%. These output results compete with present models and outperformance the methodology.
Producing dispossessed and humanitarian subjects: Land acquisition and compensation policies in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Tassadiq Fatima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines land acquisition for the construction of a metro train line in Lahore, Pakistan, to argue that the role and temporality of bureaucratic documentary practices are key to enabling urban informality and associated regimes of substantive citizenship. I examine the changing role of bureaucratic documents along the axes of (a) state and citizens, as documents are transferred between various actors who attribute different meanings to them; and (b) time, as documents assume varying meanings across their life cycles. First, I argue that documents constitute the disaggregated state and facilitate inconsistent practices that produce urban informality by exempting such settlements from some regulations while subjecting them to others. Second, a study of the time effects of these contingent practices and associated documentation shows that while original settlers may manipulate the disparate institutions of the state to secure resources, tolerance of such settlements across generations prompts a reformulation of local conceptions of landownership. Contemporary residents, then, position themselves as propertied citizens in possession of ownership documents. In this case of land acquisition, such efforts secured limited recognition from the state: residents were cast as illegal encroachers but were eventually offered some compensation as humanitarian aid, thereby reproducing socioeconomic inequalities. [bureaucratic documents, urban informality, state, temporality, citizenship]
Relationship between sarcopenia and sleep status in female patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Shanwen , Zhuang Sheng , Li Meng , Zhu Jiangtao , Zhang Yingchun , Hu Hua 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSleep disorders and sarcopenia could contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are risk factors that rapidly deteriorate cognitive functions. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep disorders in female AD patients, who have a higher prevalence than male patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep status in female patients with mild to moderate AD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 112 female outpatients aged between 60 and 85 years. Demographic characteristics, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, and gait speed were assessed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed sleep variables. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) assessed cognitive function. Binary logistic regression models explored the relationship between sleep variables and cognitive function and sarcopenia, adjusting for potential cofounders.ResultsThe outpatients were divided into 36 AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSa) and 76 AD patients without sarcopenia (ADNSa), with a prevalence of 32.1%. ADSa had lower ASMI, weaker grip strength, slower gait speed, a higher incidence of poor sleep quality and poorer cognitive function. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that high total scores of PSQI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.73), poor subjective sleep quality (OR = 1.83), low MMSE (OR = 0.77) and MoCA (OR = 0.76) scores were associated with high odds of sarcopenia. Compared to sleep time ≤ 15 min, >60 min (OR = 5.01) were associated with sarcopenia. Sleep duration <6 h (OR = 3.99), 8–9 h (OR = 4.48) and ≥9 h (OR = 6.33) were associated with sarcopenia compared to 7–8 h.ConclusionsMore sleep symptoms and cognitive impairment exist in female patients with sarcopenia. The higher total scores of PSQI, poorer subjective sleep quality, longer sleep latency, excessive and insufficient sleep duration and poorer cognitive function are associated with higher odds of sarcopenia in female patients with mild to moderate AD.
Rule‐consequentialism, procreative freedom, and future generations
Authors: Mosquera Julia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper I analyse how procreative freedom poses a challenge for rule‐consequentialism. First, I reconstruct the rule‐consequentialist case for procreative freedom. Second, I argue that population scenarios resulting from very low fertility pose a problem for rule‐consequentialism since such scenarios cannot secure population growth or even avoid human extinction in the long run. Third, I argue that population scenarios resulting from excessive procreation also pose a problem for rule‐consequentialism since they are incompatible with the promotion of optimific consequences in various ways. Were the rule‐consequentialist to avoid these types of scenarios, the challenge would consist in doing so while retaining the liberal approach to individual rights and freedoms that made rule‐consequentialism an advantageous competitor against moral theories like act‐consequentialism. These population scenarios raise more general questions about how rule‐consequentialism ought to conceptualise the application of universal rules in the long‐term, intergenerational context. This is an important place for inquiry given that rule‐consequentialism is originally conceived as a forward‐looking theory.
Clinical, immunological and genetic characterization of patients with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia in Costa Rica
Authors: Ivankovich‐Escoto Gabriela , Danielian Sylvia , Morera Estela , Barboza Elexandra , Atmella Ivannia , Silva Sandra , Santamaría Carlos , Porras Oscar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractX‐linked agammaglobulinemia is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Bruton tyrosine kinase. It produces an arrest in the maturation and differentiation of B cells with very low levels of all immunoglobulins isotypes. The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical, immunological and genetic defects in patients with XLA in Costa Rica. Sixteen cases were identified over a period of 30 years, a case every 2 years, approximately. Three patients were asymptomatic and diagnosis was made on family history. The average age of onset of symptoms was 1.46 years‐old (0.08–6.1). Six patients (44%) had onset of symptoms before 1 year of age and 12 (81%) patients before 5 years of age. The average age of diagnosis was 3.63 years‐old (0.17–13, SD 3.51 years‐old the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 2.5 years (2.5 months to 12 years, SD 3 years). The initial reason to study the patients was a recurrent infection, family history of XLA, arthritis and neutropenia. Four patients had pneumonia and two had suppurative lung disease. Nine patients had recurrent infections: acute otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis and recurrent diarrhoea. Three patients presented with arthritis. Neutropenia as an isolated event was not identified in any case. All patients receive monthly IVIG and no deaths were reported. Three new likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in BTK gene have been described in our population. This is the first report of XLA Costa Rican patients and their BTK mutations.
Determination of energy expenditure in professional cyclists using power data: Validation against doubly labeled water
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Cox Maartje , Rietjens Gerard , Plasqui Guy 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAccurate determination of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in athletes is important for optimal performance and injury prevention, but current approaches are insufficiently accurate. We therefore developed an approach to determine TDEE in professional cyclists based on power data, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and a non‐exercise physical activity level (PAL) value, and compared energy expenditure (EE) between multi‐day and single‐day races.MethodsTwenty‐one male professional cyclists participated. We measured: (1) BMR, (2) the relationship between power output and EE during an incremental cycling test, which was used to determine EE during exercise (EEE), and (3) TDEE using doubly labeled water (DLW). A non‐exercise PAL‐value was obtained by subtracting EEE from TDEE and dividing this by BMR.ResultsMeasured BMR was 7.9 ± 0.8 MJ/day, which was significantly higher than predicted by the Oxford equations. A new BMR equation for elite endurance athletes was therefore developed. Mean TDEE was 31.7 ± 2.8 and 27.3 ± 2.8 MJ/day during the Vuelta a España and Ardennes classics, while EEE was 17.4 ± 1.8 and 10.1 ± 1.4 MJ/day, respectively. Non‐exercise PAL‐values were 1.8 and 2.0 for the Vuelta and Ardennes classics, respectively, which is substantially higher than currently used generic PAL‐values.ConclusionWe show that the proposed approach leads to a more accurate estimation of non‐exercise EE than the use of a generic PAL‐value in combination with BMR predictive equations developed for non‐elite athletes, with the latter underestimating non‐exercise EE by ~28%. The proposed approach may therefore improve nutritional strategies in professional cyclists.
Kinematical effects of rifle carriage on roller skiing in well‐trained female and male biathletes
Authors: Jonsson Kårström Malin , Stöggl Thomas , Ohlsson Marie Lund , McGawley Kerry , Laaksonen Marko S. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate how rifle carriage and skiing speed during biathlon roller skiing affect range of motion (ROM) in joint angles and equipment (skis and poles), the vertical distance between shoulders and treadmill (vertdist), as well as possible sex differences associated with rifle carriage.MethodsFourteen biathletes (6 women, 8 men) roller‐skied on a treadmill at submaximal and simulated race speeds, with (WR) and without (NR) a rifle, using gears 3 and 2. Kinematical data for the whole body, poles, roller‐skis, rifle, and treadmill were monitored using a 3D motion capture system. Movements determined as flexion/extension (x), abduction/adduction (y), and/or internal/external rotation (z) were analyzed for the hip, shoulder, thorax, knee, ankle, elbow, poles, and roller skis. ROM (the difference between maximal and minimal angles) in joints and equipment, and vertdist were analyzed over six skiing cycles during each condition (WR and NR) and speed.ResultsThe maximal vertdist was lower for WR compared with NR (gear 3: 1.53 ± 0.06 vs 1.54 ± 0.06 m; gear 2: 1.49 ± 0.06 vs 1.51 ± 0.06 m; both p < 0.001). ROM in the upper body was altered when roller skiing WR (movements decreased in thorax and shoulder (x) and increased in elbow (only gear 3) (x), thorax (only gear 2), and shoulder (y) and (z); all p < 0.05) and increased with speed, without differences between sexes (p > 0.05).ConclusionSince rifle carriage and speed appear to affect the kinematics of roller skiing, coaches, and biathletes are advised to perform skiing technique training under competition‐like conditions (i.e., at race speeds while carrying the rifle).
Role of trust in government and collaboration in building disaster resilience
Authors: Oh Jeongmin , Lee Daewoong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research investigates the impact of collaboration and trust on disaster resilience, conducting a comparative analysis among groups of the public, experts, and public officials.MethodsThis research employs the 2017 National Survey on Emergency Management, conducted by the Korean Institute of Public Administration. Using a random quota‐sampling method, data were collected from a total of 1800 citizens, 200 public officials, and 56 experts through an online system. The study compares the impact of public trust in government on organizational resilience perceived by experts, citizens, and public officials, employing hierarchical regression analysis.ResultsThe analysis results are as follows: First, in the case of citizens, it was suggested that government trust and collaboration have a positive effect on disaster resilience. Second, in the case of experts, it was suggested that government trust and collaboration have a positive effect on disaster resilience. Third, in the case of public officials, it was suggested that government trust and collaboration have a positive effect on disaster resilience.
A Data-Driven Design Approach for Carbon Emission Prediction of Machining
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Yan Wei , Zhang Hua , Liu Ying , Jiang Zhigang , Zhang Xumei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The issue of carbon emission reduction for manufacturing industry attracts increasing attention. As a major contributor in the manufacturing industry, machining has generated large amounts of carbon emissions through the resource consumption, energy consumption, and waste disposal. The carbon emission prediction of machining is a priori technology for its reduction, and has been established as one of the most crucial research targets. The purpose of this study is to design a carbon emission prediction model of machining through a data-driven approach. First of all, the multiple sources and impact factors of carbon emissions in machining are studied, and the relationship between these factors is also studied to describe the carbon emissions. Then, a data-driven approach is designed to predict the carbon emission of machining, which consists of data collection and preprocessing, feature extraction, prediction model establishment and model validation. The ridge regression, BP neural network based on Genetic Algorithm (GA-BP), root means square error (RMSE) and mean relative percentage error (MPAE) are respectively employed to fulfill the above tasks in the design approach. Finally, an experimental study of a real turning machining is proposed to verify the feasibility and merits of the designed approach.
Fluid-Structure Optimization of Small-Scale Hydraulic Conduits
Authors: Bies Jeffrey J. , Durfee William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fluid-structure optimization is well-suited for reducing system weight and improving flow efficiency for small-scale hydraulic systems such as for wearable exoskeletons. While single-objective optimization algorithms exist, little work has been done to optimize flow channels under internal and external loads. This study constructed a computational pipeline that connects Open-Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) to additional software applications to enable fluid-structure topology optimization using the continuous adjoint method. The pipeline was used to optimize the flow path and surrounding structure of small-scale hydraulic conduits with varying bends and external load conditions.
We found that the optimized flow path balances path length with curvature to minimize pressure drop. For a non-optimized conduit with a sharp 45-deg bend, the pressure drop was 750 Pa, while the optimized conduit has a pressure drop reduction of 22.5%. Sharp bends create stress concentration points where structural supports are formed, while optimized flow paths reduce stress up to 42.5%, and further distribute support structures. Bending loads can be a restorative force for sharp bends and, therefore, reduce the maximum stress.
A Delayed Evening Meal Enhances Sleep Quality in Young Rugby Players
Authors: Lehmann Lisa , Saidi Oussama , Giacomoni Magali , Del Sordo Giovanna , Maso Freddy , Margaritis Irène , Duché Pascale 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of delayed evening mealtime on sleep quality in young athletes. Twelve rugby players (age 15.8 ± 0.7 years) participated in a crossover within-participant design. Adolescents spent five consecutive days in each of two conditions, separated by a 2-week washout period: routine dinner (3.5 hr before bedtime) and late dinner (LD, 1.5 hr before bedtime). Other mealtimes as well as bedtime and wake-up time were usual and remained the same in both conditions. Their schedules, dietary intakes, and physical activity were controlled and kept constant throughout the study. Sleep was assessed using polysomnography on the first and the last nights in the individual rooms of the boarding school. An increase in total sleep time by 24 min (p = .001, d = 1.24) and sleep efficiency by 4.8% was obtained during LD (p = .001, d = 1.24). Improvement in sleep efficiency was mainly due to a lower wake after sleep onset (−25 min, p = .014, d = −3.20), a decrease of microarousals (−25%, p = .049, d = −0.64), and awakenings ≥90 s (−30%, p < .01, d = −0.97) in LD compared to routine dinner. There were no significant differences in sleep architecture except for a shorter slow-wave sleep (N3) latency (−6.9 min, p = .03, d = −0.778) obtained during LD. In this study, evening dinner 1.5 hr before bedtime leads to better quality and less fragmented sleep compared to evening dinner 3.5 hr before bedtime in young athletes.
Reducing post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage: a multicentre quality improvement programme incorporating video-based cold technique instruction
Authors: Bugten Vegard , Wennberg Siri , Amundsen Marit Furre , Blindheimsvik Martin Andre Brevik 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveData from the Norwegian Tonsil Surgery Register (NTSR) showed large differences between the hospitals in Norway in the readmission rate due to post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage (rrPTH; range, 0%–25%; national average, 8%). Because of these large variations in the rrPTH, we conducted a quality improvement project involving hospitals with good and bad readmission rates.MethodsSeven hospitals with readmission rates greater than 10% and four with rates lower than 5% participated in this project. We recorded videos of ear, nose and throat surgeons from the hospitals with low readmission rates when they performed extracapsular tonsillectomy, and these videos of cold dissection tonsillectomy were used as teaching material for examples of good surgical skills for the other hospitals. After a 2-day workshop, all participants from the hospitals went back to their institutions and prepared local plans to improve their results. We used the Plan–Do–Study–Act model. The primary outcome variable was the patient-reported rrPTH in the NTSR. As secondary goal, we aimed to identify aspects of the tonsillectomy procedure that could help achieve a lower rrPTH.ResultsThe participating hospitals reduced their rrPTH from 18% at baseline (2017/2018) to 7% in 2020. Six of seven hospitals changed their dissection technique significantly to more use of cold dissection.ConclusionBy learning cold dissection tonsillectomy from surgeons with low rrPTH, it seems possible to decrease the rates of bleeding complications after tonsillectomy. A combination of videos as a teaching tool, new treatment plans, and focus on quality and improvement may effectively improve surgical results. The videos can show details that are difficult to convey in the literature. Quality registers can be used to identify areas requiring improvement and evaluate the effects of changes in practice.
Diagnostic yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients attending a UK centre with symptoms compatible with Rome IV functional dyspepsia
Authors: Lorraine-Francis Hannah , Newberry Ellen , Aziz Imran 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDyspeptic symptoms are common and mainly due to functional dyspepsia (FD). The Rome IV criteria mandate a normal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy before diagnosing FD. However, endoscopies are costly, resource-intensive procedures that generate substantial waste. Hence, simpler means of diagnosing FD are desirable.ObjectivesTo determine what proportion of UGI endoscopies are represented by patients with symptoms compatible with Rome IV FD, and the diagnostic yield in this cohort stratified according to alarm features.MethodsAdult patients attending a UK centre for outpatient UGI endoscopy completed a preprocedure questionnaire on demographics, medical history, alarm features, mood, somatisation and GI symptoms. Alarm features were defined as age ≥55 years, dysphagia, anaemia, unintentional weight loss, UGI bleed or a family history of UGI cancer. Clinically significant endoscopic findings were cancers, Barrett’s oesophagus, erosive oesophagitis, peptic ulcers or strictures.ResultsOf 387 patients attending for an outpatient non-surveillance diagnostic UGI endoscopy, 221 had symptoms compatible with FD whereas 166 did not. Approximately 80% in both groups had alarm features, with a similar prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings at ~10%. UGI endoscopy was normal in a cohort of 9% (n=35) with symptoms compatible with FD and no alarm features, while benign peptic ulcer was noted in two of 29 cases without FD symptoms and no alarm features.Conclusion1-in-10 UGI endoscopies are performed in patients with symptoms compatible with FD and no alarm features, in whom there is no diagnostic yield. We recommend such patients receive a positive diagnosis of FD without endoscopy.