bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Lee Moon-Hong , Sastrosiswojo Sudarwohadi , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 22-3 at the University of Minnesota Rose-mount Agricultural Experiment Station. The field had been in alfalfa the previous 2 years. The soil type is a Waukegan silt loam. Plots were 2 rows, 45-ft long, spaced 40-inches apart, and randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. The insecticides were applied by hand in 8-inch-wide bands on the center of the rows and incorporated prior to planting. No insecticidal sprays were applied all season. Potatoes were harvested Sep 30, washed, counted, and scored for wireworm damage.
Insect Control on First Cutting Alfalfa, 1980
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied Jun 11-12, to 4th year alfalfa in 60 x 27 ft plots in a randomized block design with 3 replications and evaluated 1 day later. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi. Insect populations were sampled Jun 12 and 13, 100 pendulum sweeps/plot. Alfalfa height was ca 26 in. at time of treatment. All treatments gave significant control of insects sampled. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1980
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. Insecticide sprays were applied June 24 for the leafminer to 28 x 28 ft plots and July 30 for the potato leafhopper to 40 x 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Alfalfa was 6 to 8 in tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a small plot boom type sprayer. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweep sam-ples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in dia heavy duty insect net. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaves in 10 stems randomly collected across each plot. Both leafhopper and leafminer density were evaluated weekly during 28 days post treatment. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 - 83.5 ft2 samples taken per plot. Harvest occurred I day after the final insect samples were collected in each trial.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1980
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were applied to an established alfalfa field at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN on Apr 9. Furadan 4F and Imidan were included as standards. Plots were 18 x 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in dia insect net in each plot weekly from treatment to harvest. Pretreatment mean was 1.5 alfalfa weevil larvae per 5 sweeps. Yields were taken on May 8 from a 5-ft swath cut out of the center of each plot. Weather information was taken from the experiment station.
Efficacy Trials with Insecticides at Planting for Stalk Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Gesell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted with a no-till planter on May 16 in 30 in rows. The field located near Belleville, Mifflin County, PA was in corn the previous year, but still contained numerous clumps of orchard grass on which eggs of the stalk borer were frequently found. It was chisel plowed and disced lightly (minimum tillage) before planting. Treatments were single x 200 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Granular formulations of insecticide were applied, via planter mounted applicator, in a 7 in band in front of the press wheel. The Orthene seed treatment was applied to the seed several days prior to planting.
Effect of Ovicides on Bollworm Control on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted April 23 on Vicksburg fine sandy loam at the West Tenn. Expt. Sta., Jackson,TN. Four-row plots, 35 ft long, were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The entire plot area was sprayed Aug 1 with methyl parathion (1.0 lb ai/acre) to remove beneficials and encourage a bollworm outbreak. The number of bollworm eggs counted in terminals exceeded the recommended threshold level on Aug 11. Insecticides were applied Aug 11 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Because of drought conditions, plants were not attractive for bollworm moth oviposition and further applications were not required. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested Sep 19 and Oct 7. Yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Ovicide-Larvicide Combinations for Bollworm Control, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 2 to Memphis silt loam soil at the Ames Plantation, Grand Junction, TN. Four-row plots, 35 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plot was side-dressed on July 1 with 1.5 lb ai/acre of Temik to encourage a bollworm outbreak. The number of bollworm eggs and larvae in terminals exceeded the economic threshold Aug 7. Insecticides were applied Aug 7 and 14 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Because of drought conditions, plants were not attractive for bollworm moth oviposition, and further applications were not required after the second. Seasonal pressure by the bollworm was considered light. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested Oct 3 and 17. Yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1980
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Ree Bill , Pinkston Ken , Peden Martha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pioneer Brand 4789A was planted on May 12 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 20 lb/acre. Eight-row plots, 200 ft long, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.0 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 horse power Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications were applied on July 17 and Aug 12 using a Dempster fertilizer attachment,. Granules were dispersed with a Noble granular chemical applicator. The first application was knived in approximately 3 to 6 in from the base of the plants. The second application was dropped onto the soil surface approximately 3 to 6 in from the base of the plants. Plots were irrigated seven times at weekly intervals during the test with approximately 1 in of water at each irrigation. The first irrigation took place on July 22. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 21, 0.28 in; and Aug 29, 0.28 in; for a total of 0.6 in. Daytime and nightime temperatures were extremely high during the entire test. Daytime temperatures were generally over 100° F while nightime temperatures were in the 80 to 90° F. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis populations were light to moderate during the testing period. Heliothiszea (vs H. virescens) were as follows: July 29, 93%; Aug 4, 91%; Aug 11, 89%; Aug 18, 43%; Aug 25 67%;and on Sept 2, 63%. Yields were determined by picking burr cotton from 40 row ft per plot from each replicate and converting to pounds of lint per acre. Plots were harvested on Nov 11.
Chemical Control of the Tobacco Budworm, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tifton Exp. No. 1 strain of Dolichos lablab was planted May 1 at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Four-row 30 ft plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a 4-row boom at ffie rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi, 3 HB 4 70° nozzles per row, with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 444 tractor. One application was made Aug 20. Evaluations were made Aug 26 by taking a 15-sweep sample from each of the two center rows. Insect counts were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Applied as A Paddy Water Broadcast for Brown Planthopper and Green Leaf-Hopper Control on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing 35-day-old plants. Twenty adult females of each species were caged on a plant at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DT). Insect mortality was recorded at 48 hr after caging.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Ovicidal Activity of Insecticides Against the Brown Planthopper When Applied as Foliar Sprays on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two gravid brown planthoppers were caged and allowed to oviposit on 25-day-old rice seedlings for 48 hours. Each treatment consisted of a single cage replicated four times. Cages were removed and the potted plants placed on a turn table and sprayed. All insecticides were applied In a spray volume of 6.25 ml/plant (1000 l/ha) and at a rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha except permethrin which was applied at 0.25 kg ai/ha.
Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl-Stage Sorghum, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Schwehr Robert D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
DeKalb C42Y was planted on July 10 by conventional tillage methods on a McKinnon Farm in Forsyth, Georgia. Sprays were applied on Aug 12 with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 60 gal per acre at 30 psi. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows and were separated by 1 untreated row or 1-m alley. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Larval populations were estimated by counting larvae on plants within a 3 m section of the middle row of each plot.
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Bass Max H. , Rohlfs W. Mitchell , Stephenson Jimmy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybean test plots were 0.01 acre, replicated 4 times, and randomized. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 10 gal of mixed spray per acre. Counts of live looper larvae were made 24 hr after treatment from a total of 12 ft of row from the middle two rows of each plot using the plant-shake ground-cloth method. Two tests were conducted.
Efficacy and Effects of Guthion and Pydrin Applied from Aircraft on Selected Non-Target Arthropod Predators for Sugar-Casle Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Gaudin G. R. , Finger C. K. , Sanford J. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guthion and Pydrin applications for full-season sugarcane borer (SCB) control were applied to sugarcane (plant cane crop, Cultivar CP 65-357) in a large-plot field trial located on Little Texas Plantation near Napoleonville, LA. A randomized complete block experimental design with treatments replicated 6 times was employed. Individual plots ranged in size from 2.8 to 3.2 acres. Treatments consisted of an untreated control, guthion applied at 0.75 lb ai/acre and Pydrin applied at 0.10 or 0.20 lb ai/acre. All insecticide concentrates were applied in water to the plant canopy at a rate of 2 gal finished formulation/a per application. Insecticide applications were initiated after sugarcane inter nodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks (x per plot) harbored small (lst-to 3rd-stage) SCB larvae in leafsheaths. Applications were repeated only when that level of infestation was found again in guthion-treated plots. All insecticide treatments ceased in early fall when SCB infestations no longer posed a threat to the sugarcane crop. Two applications of each insecticide formulation were made one month apart (August 22, September 21). Ongoing populations of non-target (ground associated) arthropods were sampled by placing two pitfall traps 150 ft apart on the center row of each plot. Each trap consisted of a 1-pt jelly jar imbedded in the soil at ground level and partially filled with a solution composed of 3 pt erhanol plus 1 pt mineral oil. A 9 in dia metal disk on a tripod was placed 1 in above ground level over each trap to exclude rain and debris. Accumulated trapped arthropods were removed biweekly from July 7 to October 5. Residual efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined at crop harvest time (October 9) by examining 100 stalks randomly selected from each treated or untreated plot for the presence of SCB-bored inter nodes.
Control of Banded Sunflower Moth Injury in Sunflower, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sunflowers were planted Jun 10 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 48 x 50 ft, arranged randomly in 3 replications along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 15, 21, 28, Aug 5, 19, and 26 with a fixed-wing agricultural aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Populations were light in all plots and were largely dominated by the banded sunflower moth. Twelve heads were randomly collected from each plot on Sep 12 and examined for seed injury.
Apple, Aphicide Tests, 1980
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , David P. J. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four test compounds plus a water control were applied (run-off) on Jun 23 to four randomly selected trees per treatment in the historical variety orchard at Steeles Tavern, Va. The compounds were evaluated for their control of green aphids (species not yet verified). All treatments were applied at 14.06 kg/cm2 (200psi) with a hand gun on a truck-mounted SwansonR sprayer equipped with a 132.49 litre/min (35 gpm) pump.
Eastern Tent Caterpillar Control with Bendiocarb on Wild Cherry, 1978
Authors: Kathy J. , Surles W. Wayne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four dosages of bendiocarb were compared with an Orthene standard. Caterpillars were 0.75 inches long on treatment date, April 12 at La Crosse, Virginia. Individual colonies were counted, labelled and then treated by use of hydraulic manual sprayers. Materials were applied to the point of runoff. Caterpillar counts were made before application and at periods of 24 and 48 hours post treatment. A control was sprayed with water.
Apple, Effectiveness of Several Pesticides at 6X Concentration Applied to Alternate Middles in Controlling Apple Pests, 1980
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. , McCaffrey J. P. , David P.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each pesticide, or pesticide combination, was applied to two rows of 6 year old apple trees on as close to a weekly schedule as possible. Application was with a Swanson air blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.55 liters/ha) from each side, at 2 mph (3.22km/hr) and 100 pst (7.02kg/cm2) pump pressure. Sides of the trees sprayed were alternated on each successive spray date after bloom (May 22 and thereafter). Each treatment and the control contained four trees (16 total) of each of the cultivars Triple Red Delicious, Yellow Delicious, Commander Red York and Double Red Stayman. All plots were sprayed (one side only) on Apr 8, 25, May 12, 22, 28, Jun 4, II, 18, 25, Jul 2, 9, 16, 24, 30, Aug 6, 13. Fruit yield was much reduced by two severe frosts of 26°F (-3.34°C) and 24°F (-4.45°C) during bloom. This reduced the reliability of fruit injury data since the same fruit was counted on successive sample dates out of necessity. Effectiveness of the materials was evaluated against several pests as follows: fruit damage was evaluated by counting injuries per 50 apples (where possible) on each of four trees of each of four cultivars. For analysis data from each cultivar were combined. Terminal injury by apple aphids was recorded as number infested out of ten terminals per tree for 16 trees per treatment (four trees of each of four cultivars). Mites and mite eggs were sampled by collecting 20 leaves per tree from each of 4 trees of each of 4 cultivars, brushed onto glass plates and counted with a binocular microscope following the Henderson-McBurnie method. Data were recorded as mites or mite eggs per leaf.
Pyrethroid Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Floriculture, Georgia, 1980
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-two species grown for commercial pot plant pro-duction were evaluated for phytotoxicity resulting from applications of 4 formulations of Pramex and 2 formulations of SBP-1382. Experiments were conducted between May and Nov at the GA Exper Sta, Experiment on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment block consisted of 5 115 mm pots of a plant species grown in Metro-Mix 300. The treatments were SBP-1382 24.3% EC, SBP-1382 7% EC, Pramex 27.58% EC, Pramex 13.3% EC, Pramex-Piperonyl butoxice (12%-48%) EC, and Pramex DX Spray, Three rates of each treatment were applied, a normal rate and 2X and 4X that rate. Applications were made to the point of run-off with a hand CO2 sprayer at 35 psi utilizing a 8003 nozzle. Two applications of the Pramex formulations were 7 days apart. Three applications of the SBP-1382 formulations were at 7 day intervals. Plants were observed weekly for phytotoxicity and evalauted on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage, 2 = moderate (affects marketability), and 3 = severe (unmarketable). Untreated checks of each species were maintained to aid in evaluating phytotoxicity.
Screening Two Insecticides for Phytotoxicity on Selected Greenhouse Plants and Trees, 1980
Authors: Ree Bill , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Peden Martha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two separate tests were conducted to evaluate Deltic 2.4 EL at 5.2 lb ai/100 gal of water and Knox-out 2 FM at 8.0 lb ai/100 gal of water for phytotoxicity of selected greenhouse plants and trees. The first test was conducted in the horticultural greenhouses on campus at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Treatment was made with a two gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 20 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Both chemicals were applied to 9 single plants (6 inch pots) which consisted of geraniums, coleus, poinsettia V-14, poinsettia C-l and zinnia and to 18 combination flat plantings of prayer plant, dracaena, heart leaf, arrowhead, neatha bella palm and snake plant. Treated plants were compared to a single check plant of each species. The check plants were treated with water to runoff. The greenhouse temperature at the time of treatment was 70°F and during the observation period averaged 68 F (nighttime temp.). The plants were watered before treatment and then received water as needed during the test period {approximately every 4 days). The plants were checked at 4, 7, 14 and 28 days for phytotoxicity. Three days after treatment the poinsertiae (V-14’s and C-l’s) showed leaf cupping/wrinkling and slight discoloration; however, the C-l’s showed the most severe reaction. This condition existed for the remainder of the test. At 7 and 14 days after treatment the zinnias treated with Deltic showed slight marginal leaf burn but this condition had virtually disappeared at 28 days. Three days after treatment the prayer plants showed leaf cupping and leaf browning. This condition existed for the remainder of the test and was slightly more severe on the plants treated with Deltic. Three days after treatment all of the dracaenas showed leaf tip burn. This condition persisted for the remainder of the test. Three days after treatment the neatha bella palm showed leaf curling and leaf tip burn. This condition remained throughout the observation period. The remainder of the treated plants and check plants did not show any signs of phytotoxicity.
Chemical Control of Black Cutworm on Turf in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,1980
Authors: Heller Paul R. , Shetlar David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were applied to a bentgrass tee Aug 6. Plots were 5x5 feet and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied in 1 gallon of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Air temperature at time of application was 76°F, soil temperature 78°F. Four square foot samples were examined from each plot Aug 13 by applying a mixture of ‘Diagnostic Aid’ and water with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Control of Bagworms on Lawn Grass
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie , Dela Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The bagworm which prefers a grass diet is an ornamental pest on walls later In the life cycle. Dipel was tested for control of the bagworms on lawns. Lawns adjacent to infested house walls were sprayed using an Ortho sprayette sprayer. Six houses were chosen randomly, and one wall from each was randomly designated a spray wall and the opposite was a control wall. Spray dates were July 3, August 3, and September 11. Bagworm infestation was initially assessed on July 3 to determine the pre-application average number of bagworms per wall and subsequent counts were post-application. Bagworms were always removed from the walls after a count and returned to the lawn area.
Ethylene Dibromide Residues in Fruit Fumigated for Quarantine Treatment Against the Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1979-80
Authors: King J. R. , von Windeguth D. L. , Burditt A. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various fruits were fumigated with ethylene dibromide (EDB) in a 50 ft3 chamber for 2 hours, aerated 1 hour via an exhaust blower, and stored. A temperature of about 75°F was maintained during all stages via air conditioning. EDB was applied either at a dose level of 8 ov/1000 ft3, which is the level currently used commercially as a quarantine treatment for grapefruit being shipped from Florida to Japan, or at 16 ov/1000 ft3 in the case of fruits for which no effective dosage has been established. Samples of fruit were taken at various intervals after fumigation and assayed for residues of EDB by using steam distillation for separation and purification and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector to quantitate. Inorganic bromides were not determined. The data (see table) indicate that the amount of EDB absorbed and retained is highly dependent on both the type of fruit fumigated and the amount of fumigant applied.
Field Tests for Control of German Cockroaches with Killmaster Slow-Release Insecticide, 1980
Authors: Gold R. E. , Ballard J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field evaluations were conducted to test the hypothesis that the “slow-release” lacquers in Killmaster would extend the efficiency of Dursban beyond that demonstrated for comparable concentrations of emulsifiable concentrate formulations. The study sites were low Income housing units under the management of the Omaha Tribal Housing Authority, Macy, Nebraska beginning Sept. German cockroach populations pretreatment estimates were made by using 3 sticky traps (distributed by Mitsuboski Boeki, Inc) placed in the residences for 1 night. A trap was placed under the kitchen sink, behind the stove, and behind the toilet in each residence. Traps were removed and the number of German cockroaches per trap were recorded. A cockroaches/trap/night value was calculated for each housing unit. All insecticide treatments were applied using a 3.81 B&G hand sprayer operated at 1,4 kg/cm2 utilizing a multitip nozzle set for a fan spray. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatments was accomplished by trapping in the original locations for 1 night at 1,2,3,6,9, and 12 months post treatment. A cockroaches/trap/night was calculated for each post treatment interval and was compared to pretreatment population levels. Results of treatment were expressed as mean (X) percent (%) reduction.