bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democracia en América Latina: reflexiones sobre/desde los tiempos progresistas (Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia)
Authors: González Meyer Raúl 
Published: July 2022

The following text identifies some Latin American discussions channeled and opened by the experiences of the so-called progressive or center-left governments that as a whole have covered the first two decades of the new century. This is done by locating those experiences in a longer temporality which allows a better understanding of their meaning as eventual generators of an enriched or emerging debate on democracy in the continent. The central question is, then, to figure out what approaches, ideologies, processes, tensions, consequences and problems, which took place there, can be processed for the debate on the Latin American “democratic question”. How to read -and how it has been read- democracy and what phenomena become relevant for this discussion. The word seeks to identify, from the point of view of the democratic question, the novelty of this historical time emerging with the new century, showing as part of the same history tensions and responses, the complex relationships between advances and emergent tensions. We will have as main the processes that took place in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia, which were the ones that expressed the greatest interest, from a continental perspective, in terms of the proposals and processes that generated. There, expressly or implicitly, we discover within proposals for social changes, an intense debate, full of significant originalities, on the meaning of democracy, with some blind spots which need clarification.
Este artículo identifica algunas discusiones latinoamericanas canalizadas y abiertas por las experiencias ocurridas en los llamados gobiernos progresistas o de centro-izquierda que, como conjunto, han cubierto las primeras dos décadas del nuevo siglo. Ello se realiza ubicando dichas experiencias en una temporalidad mayor que permita situar mejor su significado como eventuales generadoras de un debate enriquecido o emergente sobre la democracia en el continente. La interrogación central es, entonces, sobre qué planteamientos, idearios, procesos, tensiones, consecuencias, problemas, allí ocurridos, pueden ser procesados para el debate de la “cuestión democrática” latinoamericana. Cómo leer -y cómo fue leído- lo democrático y qué fenómenos allí ocurridos se hacen relevantes para esa discusión. El trabajo explora, desde la pregunta por la democracia, lo eventualmente novedoso de este tiempo histórico y la compleja relación entre avances y tensiones emergentes. Tendremos como referencia principal los procesos ocurridos en Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia, que fueron los que expresaron un mayor interés, desde una mirada continental, en cuanto a las propuestas y procesos que generaron. Descubrimos, allí, de manera expresa o implícita, dentro de una propuesta de cambios sociales, un debate o significado intenso acerca de la democracia con originalidades significativas y con algunos puntos ciegos, necesarios de iluminar.
Sociólogos de Weimar: una práctica de emergencia
Authors: Pedreño Cánovas Andrés 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to look at the ups and downs of sociology during the years of the Weimar Republic. In the field of the German intelligentsia, sociology occupied a "pariah" position. This social position is illustrated by an approach, on the one hand, to the dialectical stream represented by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt and, on the other hand, to the stream of scientific and rationalist sociology of Karl Mannheim and Norbert Elias. Both of them reflect the specific way in which sociology emerged in the public space during the Weimar Republic. Special attention is paid to their theoretical and research positions and their conceptions of the emergence of a tragic becoming in the German historical period.
Este artículo tiene como objeto realizar una aproximación a las vicisitudes de la sociología durante los años de la República Weimar. Dentro del campo de la intelectualidad alemana, la sociología ocupó una posición “paria”. Se ilustra esta posición social mediante una aproximación, por un lado, a la corriente dialéctica representada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Frankfurt y, por otro, a la corriente de la sociología científica y racionalista de Karl Mannheim y Norbert Elias. Ambas corrientes reflejan la específica forma en la que la sociología emergió en el espacio público durante la República de Weimar. Se atiende especialmente a sus posicionamientos teóricos e investigadores y a sus concepciones sobre la emergencia de un devenir trágico en aquel periodo histórico alemán.
Continuidades y rupturas en los estallidos sociales de 2018 y 2019 en América Latina
Authors: Morales Aguilera Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2022

In recent times, Latin America has been shaken by various social outbreaks and intra-institutional conflicts of various origins and very complex in terms of their possibilities of resolution. This article proposes that in the recognition and analysis of two key elements configured during the outbreaks of 2018 and 2019, some lines of continuity and historical rupture of Latin American events can be recognized. The first of them has to do with the composition, demands and trajectories of some of the movements that starred in this disruptive appearance on the public scene. The second element refers to the repressive responses that were deployed from the State in order to control a social protest that at times seemed to exceed the capacity of the States to contain it. The characterization of these two elements is framed within a context of exhaustion of the modernization projects of neoliberalism and the progressive left that have not been able to consistently solve an increasingly broad and complex number of social demands.
En el último tiempo, América Latina se ha visto sacudida por diversos estallidos sociales y conflictos intra-institucionales de diverso origen y muy complejos en cuanto a sus posibilidades de resolución. Este artículo plantea que en el reconocimiento y análisis de dos elementos claves configurados durante los estallidos de 2018 y 2019, se pueden reconocer algunas líneas de continuidad y ruptura histórica del acontecer latinoamericano. El primero de ellos tiene que ver con la composición, demandas y trayectorias de algunos de los movimientos que protagonizaron esta disruptiva aparición en la escena pública. El segundo elemento, se refiere a las respuestas represivas que se desplegaron desde el Estado a objeto de controlar una protesta social que por momentos parecía desbordar la capacidad de contención de los Estados. La caracterización de estos dos elementos está enmarcada dentro de un contexto de agotamiento de los proyectos de modernización del neoliberalismo y de la izquierda progresista que no han podido solucionar consistentemente un número cada vez más amplio y complejo de demandas sociales.
The genesis of the Russian intelligentsia
Authors: Zabneva Elvira Ivanovna 
Published: July 2022

The article presents an analysis of the two-century development of the Russian intelligentsia, traces the transformation of views and ideas due to historical and socio-cultural foundations. The Russian intelligentsia is regarded as a very special phenomenon in the world, whose historical significance and basic idea are determined by the relationship with the state. It is proved that the main driving force of the development of the Russian intelligentsia changed depending on the political and ideological regime. Much attention is paid in the article to the understanding of the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in the present reality, traditional and acquired features in this historical period are considered. Its role in the formation of value orientations of modern society is analyzed. The author suggests that in the post-reform Russia of the XXI century there is no conceptual unity in the awareness of the "Russian intelligentsia". The intelligentsia itself to a greater extent today does not see itself as a recognized and clearly defined social group, its self-consciousness is fragmented and contradictory. The conclusion is made that the ideological form of the Russian intelligentsia was and remains its alienation from the state and hostility to it, brought up on abstract enlightenment schemes supplemented by cosmopolitanism and globalization, the modern intellectual continues to suffer from the lack of a healthy national identity. Today, when time dictates the need to move to a fundamentally new type of civilizational development, where the key question of the values that set the guidelines for this transition arises again, it is the intelligentsia, as a generator of the thought field, as two centuries ago, can play a major role.
Sex Sounds
Authors: Sofer Danielle Shlomit 
Published: July 2022

An investigation of sexual themes in electronic music since the 1950s, with detailed case studies of “electrosexual music” by a wide range of creators.
In Sex Sounds, Danielle Shlomit Sofer investigates the repeated focus on sexual themes in electronic music since the 1950s. Debunking electronic music's origin myth—that it emerged in France and Germany, invented by Pierre Schaeffer and Karlheinz Stockhausen, respectively—Sofer defines electronic music more inclusively to mean any music with an electronic component, drawing connections between academic institutions, radio studios, experimental music practice, hip-hop production, and histories of independent and commercial popular music. Through a broad array of detailed case studies—examining music that ranges from Schaeffer's musique concrète to a video workshop by Annie Sprinkle—Sofer offers a groundbreaking look at the social and cultural impact sex has had on audible creative practices.
Sofer argues that “electrosexual music” has two central characteristics: the feminized voice and the “climax mechanism.” Sofer traces the historical fascination with electrified sex sounds, showing that works representing women's presumed sexual experience operate according to masculinist heterosexual tropes, and presenting examples that typify the electroacoustic sexual canon. Noting electronic music history's exclusion of works created by women, people of color, women of color, and, in particular Black artists, Sofer then analyzes musical examples that depart from and disrupt the electroacoustic norms, showing how even those that resist the norms sometimes reinforce them. These examples are drawn from categories of music that developed in parallel with conventional electroacoustic music, separated—segregated—from it. Sofer demonstrates that electrosexual music is far more representative than the typically presented electroacoustic canon.
Carbon Nanotube Array‐Based Flexible Multifunctional Electrodes to Record Electrophysiology and Ions on the Cerebral Cortex in Real Time
Authors: Yang Han , Qian Zheyan , Wang Jiajia , Feng Jianyou , Tang Chengqiang , Wang Liyuan , Guo Yue , Liu Ziwei , Yang Yiqing , Zhang Kailin , Chen Peining , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrophysiology and neurochemicals such as Ca2+, K+, and Na+ on the cerebral cortex can synergistically reflect the neurophysiological states. Transparent electrodes have been reported to record electrocorticography (ECoG) and image Ca2+ on the cerebral cortex surface. However, Ca2+ imaging is unable to track extracellular changes correlated with neural activities such as anesthesia, and imaging techniques to monitor K+ and Na+ are yet unavailable. Here, a flexible multifunctional electrode (FME) based on carbon nanotube array is presented to record ECoG and extracellular ions of Ca2+, K+, and Na+. The FME exhibits both lower impedance and higher capacitance than that of conventional gold electrodes. It simultaneously shows stable ion‐sensing performance and long‐term biocompatibility. The FME realizes multi‐model recording of ECoG and extracellular ions on the cerebral cortex surface of rats, providing an effective detection method for brain science.
Single‐Crystalline Perovskite p–n Junction Nanowire Arrays for Ultrasensitive Photodetection
Authors: Guan Yuwei , Zhang Chunhuan , Liu Zhen , Zhao Yiman , Ren Ang , Liang Jie , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly sensitive photodetectors play significant roles in modern optoelectronic integrated circuits. Constructing p–n junctions has been proven to be a particularly powerful approach to realizing sensitive photodetection due to their efficient carrier separation. Recently, p–n‐junction photodetectors based on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, which combine favorable optoelectronic performance with facile processability, hold great potential in practical applications. So far, these devices have generally been made of polycrystalline films, which exhibit poor carrier‐transport efficiency, impeding the further improvement of their photoresponsivities. Here, a type of ultrasensitive photodetector based on single‐crystalline perovskite p–n‐junction nanowire arrays is demonstrated. The single‐crystalline perovskite p–n‐junction nanowire arrays not only possess high crystallinity that enables efficient carrier transport but also form a built‐in electric field facilitating effective carrier separation. As a result, the devices show excellent photosensitivity over a wide spectral range from 405 to 635 nm with an outstanding responsivity of 2.65 × 102 A W−1 at 532 nm. These results will provide new insights into the design and construction of high‐performance photodetectors for practical optoelectronic applications.
Large‐Area Lasing in Nanoscale Complex Media: The Critical Role of Local Dielectric Environment
Authors: Casey Karly , Dhami Bibek S. , Paige Myela A. , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Appavoo Kannatassen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractControlling how electromagnetic waves interact with complex media is critical for applications in imaging and focusing. Such lightwave interactions with complex media can lead to dramatic optical effects like lasing. While much work in random lasing focus on understanding how gain and scattering co‐operatively generate lasing, little work has focused on how to manipulate the lasing threshold without modifying the structural disorder. Here, a simple, mostly unexplored, strategy is demonstrated that employs atomic layer deposition (ALD) to tune the local near‐field environment while preserving the underpinning disorder—controlling lasing in a nanoscale complex medium on a large scale (>cm2). The nanoscale complex medium is a quasi‐2D system of coupled zinc oxide nanospheres with overall thickness deep in the sub‐wavelength regime (≈λ/4). Near‐ultraviolet femtosecond spectroscopy probes the broadband response of the gain nanomaterial, details how ALD process fundamentally modifies the fast‐picosecond and slow‐nanosecond carrier dynamics, and informs on the relevant timescales critical for lasing. Full‐field electromagnetic simulations provide critical insights about how near‐field dielectric environment modifies the nanostructure's scattering cross‐section, which ultimately results in enhanced lasing. These results highlight a simple path to control how electromagnetic waves interact in a complex medium, a key step toward large‐scale implementation of complex lasers.
Benefit of Intravenous Alteplase before Thrombectomy Depends on ASPECTS
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Heit Jeremy J. , Kuraitis Gabriella M. , Meyer Lukas , van Horn Noel , Bechstein Matthias , Thaler Christian , Christensen Soren , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten G. , Kemmling Andre , Schön Gerhard , Albers Gregory , Fiehler Jens , Wintermark Max , Faizy Tobias D. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeBaseline variables could be used to guide the administration of additional intravenous alteplase (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The aim of this study was to determine how baseline imaging and demographic parameters modify the effect of IVT on clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.MethodsMulticenter retrospective cohort study of ischemic stroke patients triaged by multimodal‐CT undergoing MT treatment after direct admission to an MT‐eligible center. Inverse‐probability weighting analysis (IPW) was used to assess the treatment effect of IVT adjusted for baseline variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with IPW‐weighting and interaction terms for IVT was performed to predict functional independence (mRS 0‐2 at 90‐days).Results720 patients were included, of which 366 (51%) received IVT. In IPW, the treatment effect of IVT on outcome (mRS 0‐2) distinctively varied according to the ASPECTS subgroup (ASPECTS 9‐10: +15%, ASPECTS 6‐8: +7%, ASPECTS <6: −11%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, IVT was independently associated with functional independence (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16‐2.14, p = 0.003) and the interaction term was significant for ASPECTS and IVT revealing that IVT was only significantly associated with better outcomes in patients with higher ASPECTS. No other significant baseline variable interaction terms were identified.InterpretationASPECTS was the only baseline variable that showed a significant interaction with IVT for outcome prediction. Use of IVT prior to MT in patients with an ASPECTS of <6 was not associated with a treatment benefit and should be considered carefully. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:588–595
The latest Miocene to Pliocene small‐sized fossil turtles, Testudinidae and Geoemydidae, from Makrygialos, Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece
Authors: Saltsidou Maria , Paschalidou Anthi , Sylvestrou Ioanna , Vlachos Evangelos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough the existence of fossil turtles in Makrygialos and the surrounding areas, on the west side of the Thermaikos Gulf in Northern Greece, has been known for almost two decades, it has not been studied so far in detail. Over the last 5 years, we have conducted systematic fieldwork and exploration, focusing on the discovery and recovery of fossils in the coastal broader area of Makrygialos. Eleven turtle specimens have been found so far, eight of which have been collected, on the outcrops of the beaches of Makrygialos and Agiannis. Their age is estimated between the latest Miocene and Pliocene. Four of these specimens are terrestrial giant tortoises, two of them are small tortoises which we identify as the species Chersine hermanni sensu lato, and the last two are freshwater turtles which we attribute to the genus Mauremys sensu lato. Here, we present our studies on the small‐sized turtle species from this region. The fossil turtle fauna of Makrygialos is among the richest and most diverse in Greece, as in only a few other Greek localities at least three species of fossil turtles have been found. The C. hermanni specimens found in Makrygialos are probably the oldest fossils of the species found in Europe. The small‐turtle faunal composition during the Neogene along the east and west sides of the Thermaikos Gulf was completely different.
Sexual attitudes and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among university students
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Pashaei Zahra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionRisky sexual behaviors. Adequate awareness of reproductive health in young people is important because they are in the early years of fertility, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors is more probable. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual attitude and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among girls and boys and the difference in sexual norms by gender among university students.MethodsA university‐based study with a cross‐sectional survey was conducted for 9 months in 2019. A total of 800 university students were studied by a random sampling technique using a self‐administered structured questionnaire derived from the World Health Organization illustrative questionnaire to assess sexual attitudes among adolescents and young adults.ResultsMost of the respondents were female and single. Girls were more religious, more frequently visited the cinemas and were more likely to discuss sex matters with family members than boys. There was no significant difference in the total score of sexual attitudes in girls and boys, and both genders had negative attitudes toward risky sexual behavior (42/72). Those who go to parties, bars, or movies are more likely to have risky sexual behavior. Being a religious person is an essential predictor of having less risky behavior (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = [0.96, 3.41]).ConclusionBeing religious was a protective factor for engaging in risky sexual behavior. More interventions in schools and universities need to educate students to enhance awareness about the consequences of risky sexual behavior and reduce its rate.
Newly Designed One‐Pot In‐Situ Synthesis of VS2/rGO Nanocomposite to Explore Its Electrochemical Behavior towards Oxygen Electrode Reactions**
Authors: Ghorui Uday Kumar , Mondal Papri , Adhikary Bibhutosh , Mondal Anup , Sarkar Arpita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile and effective one‐step in‐situ technique for the synthesis of layered two‐dimensional metallic vanadium sulfide‐reduced graphene oxide (VS2/rGO) nanocomposite (NComp) hasbeen described and their electrocatalytic properties towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been studied. From transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses, it was observed that the layered two‐dimensional VS2 nanoparticles successfully grew over the layered graphene matrix. The as‐synthesized NComp displayed excellent electrocatalytic activities towards ORR with a four‐electron transfer pathway, and OER in alkaline medium. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibits lower ΔE value (0.75 V) as compared to other literature values, high catalytic current density (−6.26 mA cm−2 for ORR) with a lower Tafel slope (59 mV dec−1), as compared to Pt/C, and lower overpotential (η=0.31 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER) with a smaller Tafel slope (68 mV dec−1) than those of RuO2. Moreover, it displays high electrochemically active surface area, long‐term stability in alkaline medium and good resistance to the methanol crossover effect. The enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanocatalyst may be owing to the synergistic effect of combining VS2 and rGO, which improves the surface area, adsorption of reaction intermediates, active sites density, and electrical conductivity. Along with the high stability of the hybrid NComp, these advantages provide immense promise for triggering breakthroughs in fuel‐cell electrocatalysis.
MnO2 Nanoflowers Decorated on ZIF‐8‐ZnO with Ni Foam Supportfor High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Yuan Fanshu , Xue Dan , Liu Jie , Wei Jie , Wang Yiwen , Wang Jiahui , Qu Qinghua , Zhang Qianli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, ZIF‐8 (Zn(MeIn)2, MeIn=2‐methylimidazole) was synthesized directly on Ni foam with the use of polydopamine (PDA). By following a hydrothermal process, MnO2 nanoflowers were decorated on the hybrid material of ZIF‐8/ZnO, as derived from ZIF‐8 via pyrolysis at 500 °C under nitrogen flow. The produced binder‐free electrode (NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2) demonstrated an excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors, including a specific capacitance of 2005 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and a fairly high cycling stability (90.74% retention after 4000 cycles). Furthermore, a NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor showed an energy density of 70.57 Wh kg−1 given a power density of 112.45 kW kg−1. These results demonstrate that NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2 is a promising candidate for supercapacitors due to the synergistic contribution of ZIF‐8, ZnO and MnO2.