bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconclusive evidence that breathing shapes pupil dynamics in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Schaefer Martin , Edwards Sylvia , Nordén Frans , Lundström Johan N. , Arshamian Artin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMore than 50 years ago, it was proposed that breathing shapes pupil dynamics. This widespread idea is also the general understanding currently. However, there has been no attempt at synthesizing the progress on this topic since. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature on how breathing affects pupil dynamics in humans. We assessed the effect of breathing phase, depth, rate, and route (nose/mouth). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycInfo in November 2021. Thirty-one studies were included in the final analyses, and their quality was assessed with QualSyst. The study findings were summarized in a descriptive manner, and the strength of the evidence for each parameter was estimated following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The effect of breathing phase on pupil dynamics was rated as “low” (6 studies). The effect of breathing depth and breathing rate (6 and 20 studies respectively) were rated as “very low”. Breathing route was not investigated by any of the included studies. Overall, we show that there is, at best, inconclusive evidence for an effect of breathing on pupil dynamics in humans. Finally, we suggest some possible confounders to be considered, and outstanding questions that need to be addressed, to answer this fundamental question. Trial registration: This systematic review has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number: CRD42022285044.
Novel balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of esophageal varices: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Jin Jing , Zhang Fumin , Xiang Yi , Wu Wenyue , Wang ZeXue , Kong Derun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Herein, our group designed a novel technology, termed balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (bc-EIS), which was applied to improve the efficiency of eradicating esophageal varices (EVs). The present study aimed to compare the rate of eradication and efficacy between bc-EIS and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in the management of EVs.

Methods
Ninety-five patients with esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) were randomly assigned to receive bc-EIS or ligation alone. Additional treatment sessions were held 1 month later and then at 3-month intervals until eradication of the varices was achieved. Endoscopic follow-up examinations were carried out at 6-month intervals in the absence of recurrence or immediately if there was any recurrent bleeding.

Results
The mean physical injection points per session were 2.89 ± 0.79, and the mean volume of lauromacrogol used per session was 17.74 ± 7.09 ml in the bc-EIS group. The mean band per session was 6.13 ± 0.86. The rate of eradication after one to three rounds of bc-EIS was obviously higher than that of the EVL group (89.36%, 97.87%, and 100% vs. 37.5%, 43.75%, and 47.92%, respectively). Retrosternal pain or discomfort in the bc-EIS group was slightly lower than that in the EVL group (23.4%, 11/47 vs. 31.25%, 15/48). Two and five patients showed mild abdominal bloating and distension between the bc-EIS and EVL groups, respectively (2/47, 4.26% vs. 5/48, 10.42% P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were reported in one patient (1/47, 2.13%) in the bc-EIS group and three patients (3/48, 6.25%) in the EVL group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No fatal or severe complications, such as esophageal perforation, esophageal stricture or ectopic embolism, were observed.

Conclusion
The bc-EIS method was effective in eradicating EVs and was accompanied by fewer complications.
Neuro-swarm computational heuristic for solving a nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Baleanu Dumitru , Guirao Juan L. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to present the numerical solutions of a nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler equation by developing a neuro-swarming-based computing intelligent solver. The feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used for modelling, and optimization is carried out by the local/global search competences of particle swarm optimization (PSO) aided with capability of interior-point method (IPM), i.e., ANNs-PSO-IPM. In ANNs-PSO-IPM, a mean square error-based objective function is designed for nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler (EF) equations and then optimized using the combination of PSO-IPM. The inspiration to present the ANNs-PSO-IPM comes with a motive to depict a viable, detailed and consistent framework to tackle with such stiff/nonlinear second-order coupled EF system. The ANNs-PSO-IP scheme is verified for different examples of the second-order nonlinear-coupled EF equations. The achieved numerical outcomes for single as well as multiple trials of ANNs-PSO-IPM are incorporated to validate the reliability, viability and accuracy.
Absolute treatment effects for the primary outcome and all-cause mortality in the cardiovascular outcome trials of new antidiabetic drugs: a meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data
Authors: Kuss Oliver , Akbulut Cihan , Schlesinger Sabrina , Georgiev Asen , Kelm Malte , Roden Michael , Wolff Georg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
Treatment effects from the large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of new antidiabetic drugs are almost exclusively communicated as hazard ratios, although reporting guidelines recommend to report treatment effects also on an absolute scale, e.g. as numbers needed to treat (NNT). We aimed to analyse NNTs in CVOTs comparing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, or sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to placebo.

Methods
We digitalized individual time-to-event information for the primary outcome and all-cause mortality from 19 CVOTs that compared DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or SGLT2 inhibitors to placebo. We estimated Weibull models for each trial and outcome and derived monthly NNTs. NNTs were summarized across all trials and within drug classes by random effects meta-analysis methods.

Results
Treatment effects in the CVOTs appear smaller if they are reported as NNTs: Overall, 100 (95%-CI: 60, 303) patients have to be treated for 29 months (the median follow-up time across all trials) to avoid a single event of the primary outcome, and 128 (95%-CI: 85, 265) patients have to be treated for 39 months to avoid a single death. NNT time courses are very similar for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, whereas treatment effects with DPP-4 inhibitors are smaller.

Conclusions
We found that the respective treatment effects look less impressive when communicated on an absolute scale, as numbers needed to treat. For a valid overall picture of the benefit of new antidiabetic drugs, trial authors should also report treatment effects on an absolute scale.
Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods
Authors: Fahrmeier Nikolai , Frank Simon , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater suppliers face major challenges such as climate change and population growth. To prepare for the future, detailed knowledge of water resources is needed. In southern Germany, the state water supplier Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung provides 3 million people with drinking water obtained from a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system and the river Danube. In this study, a combination of different tracing techniques was used with the goal of a multi-scale characterization of the aquifer system and to gain additional knowledge about groundwater flow toward the extraction wells in the Danube Valley. For the small-scale characterization, selected groundwater monitoring wells were examined using single-borehole dilution tests. With these tests, a wide range of flow behavior could be documented, including fast outflow within just a few hours in wells with good connection to the aquifer, but also durations of many weeks in low-permeability formations. Vertical flow, caused by multiple flow horizons or uprising groundwater, was detected in 40% of the tested wells. A regional multi-tracer test with three injections was used to investigate the aquifer on a large scale. For the highly karstified connection between a swallow hole and a spring group, high flow velocities of around 80 m/h could be documented. Exceptionally delayed arrivals, 250 and 307 days after the injection, respectively showing maximum velocities of 0.44 and 0.39 m/h, were observed in an area where low-permeability sediments overlay the karst conduits. With the chosen methods, a distinct heterogeneity caused by the geological setting could be documented on both scales.
Autoantibodies to IgE can induce the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive mediators from human cardiac mast cells
Authors: Poto Remo , Patella Vincenzo , Criscuolo Gjada , Marone Gianni , Coscioni Enrico , Varricchi Gilda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMast cells are multifunctional immune cells with complex roles in tissue homeostasis and disease. Cardiac mast cells (HCMCs) are strategically located within the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in proximity to nerves, and in the aortic valve. HCMCs express the high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) for IgE and can be activated by anti-IgE and anti-FcεRI. Autoantibodies to IgE and/or FcεRI have been found in the serum of patients with a variety of immune disorders. We have compared the effects of different preparations of IgG anti-IgE obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with rabbit IgG anti-IgE on the release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and lipid mediators [prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4)] from HCMCs. Functional human IgG anti-IgE from one out of six AD donors and rabbit IgG anti-IgE induced the release of preformed (histamine, tryptase) and de novo synthesized mediators (PGD2 and LTC4) from HCMCs. Human IgG anti-IgE was more potent than rabbit IgG anti-IgE in inducing proinflammatory mediators from HCMCs. Human monoclonal IgE was a competitive antagonist of both human and rabbit IgG anti-IgE. Although functional anti-IgE autoantibodies rarely occur in patients with AD, when present, they can powerfully activate the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive mediators from HCMCs.
Reaching Out to Adolescents at High Risk of HIV Infection in Brazil: Demand Creation Strategies for PrEP and Other HIV Combination Prevention Methods
Authors: Magno Laio , Soares Fabiane , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Eustórgio Marcos , Grangeiro Alexandre , Ferraz Dulce , Greco Dirceu , Escuder Maria Mercedes , Dourado Ines ,   The PrEP1519 Study Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing baseline data from the PrEP1519 cohort, in this article we aimed to analyze: (i) the effectiveness of demand creation strategies (DCS) to enroll adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent transgender women (ATGW) into an HIV combination prevention study in Brazil; (ii) the predictors of DCS for adolescents’ enrollment; and (iii) the factors associated with DCS by comparing online and face-to-face strategies for enrollment. The DCS included peer recruitment (i.e., online and face-to-face) and referrals from health services and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). AMSM and ATGW who agreed to participate in the study could opt to enroll in either PrEP (PrEP arm) or to use other prevention methods (non-PrEP arm). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted and logistic regression odds ratios were estimated. The DCS reached 4529 AMSM and ATGW, the majority of which were derived online (73.8%). Of this total, 935 (20.6%) enrolled to participate (76.6% in PrEP arm and 23.4% in non-PrEP arm). The effectiveness of enrolling adolescents into both arms was greater via direct referrals (235/382 and 84/382, respectively) and face-to-face peer recruitment (139/670 and 35/670, respectively) than online (328/3342). We found that a combination under DCS was required for successful enrollment in PrEP, with online strategies majorly tending to enroll adolescents of a higher socioeconomic status. Our findings reinforce the need for DCS that actively reaches out to all adolescents at the greatest risk for HIV infection, irrespective of their socioeconomic status.
Prioritizing adaptation and mitigation in the climate movement: evidence from a cross-national protest survey of the Global Climate Strike, 2019
Authors: de Moor Joost 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate adaptation is seen by many as increasingly important and as deeply political, leading some to argue for its democratization. Social movements could play an important role in this. Meanwhile, we have recently witnessed a major swell in climate activism, as well as a growing realization among climate activists that it may be too late to prevent major climate disruptions. Yet to what extent this may lead to a focus on adaptation in the climate movement remains understudied. To address this gap in the literature, the current paper draws on survey data from 2,344 participants in Fridays For Future climate demonstrations in September 2019 in 13 cities in Europe, Australia and the USA. The analyses show that while one-half of the respondents still attributes greater weight to mitigation, the other half attributes equal weight to adaptation and mitigation, indicating a greater emphasis on adaptation than previously assumed. It is found that those supporting (equal focus on) adaptation experience less hope about the effectiveness of climate policies, and portray a reluctance to support far-reaching climate action. The latter indicates that support for adaptation in the climate movement is associated with conservative attitudes, indicating constraints for the emergence of a climate movement for transformational adaptation.
Wohnungsnotfallhilfe zwischen historischem Feindbild und neuer Instrumentalisierung
Authors: Meyer Nikolaus 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungWohnungs- und obdachlose Menschen waren jahrzehntelang rechter Gewalt ausgesetzt, weil sie aus sozialdarwinistischen Perspektiven Zielscheibe rechter Akteur_innen waren. Zunehmend scheint sich hier die Perspektive und der Umgang mit wohnungs- und obdachlosen Menschen zu verändern. Auch hier nutzt die Rechte offenbar eine neue Strategie: Als ‚Kümmerer‘ inszenieren sie sich medial für so genannte Volksangehörige, obwohl nur selten wirkliche Wohnungslosenhilfe im Sinne der professionellen Bedeutung geleistet wird.
Vielfältige Herausforderungen
Authors: Besche Julia 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wird die Möglichkeit, dass auch Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit im weitesten Sinne rechte Einstellungen innehaben, in Disziplin und Profession Sozialer Arbeit diskutiert. Der Beitrag beinhaltet erste Ergebnisse eines Dissertationsprojektes, das sich mit den Wahrnehmungen von Lehrenden im Hinblick auf rechte Äußerungen in Lehrkontexten beschäftigt.
Laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastic components for remanufacturing
Authors: Arshed Farhan , Ahmad Abdul , Xirouchakis Paul , Metsios Ioannis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is extensively used in automotive and aerospace industries with the aim to achieve reduction on emissions by reducing weight. Due to governmental regulations to reduce the environmental impact and to reduce waste, the need for remanufacturing CFRP is becoming an interesting area of application with economic benefits to industry. This is important as manufacturing carbon fiber is a costly process and remanufacturing CFRP is more cost effective and reduces the dependency on virgin materials. Processing CFRP to meet demands, for fast and high-quality cuts, can impose problems for conventional methods. The use of multi-pass scanning technique in laser cutting CFRP is investigated using a 1.5 kW fiber laser with assist gas pressure of 16 bar and gas flow rate of 126 lt/min. Using multi-pass technique, a through cut can be obtained by repeating the beam travel more than once. The advantage of laser cutting when compared with traditional CNC, is the low cost of maintenance over time due to the non-contact nature of the process i.e. no wear of tool at contact area. And due to the small beam spot size of the laser small and complex shapes can be cut. The aim of the paper is to determine how the process performs in terms of cutting speed and fiber damage. Average power was used to carried out experimental tests. A fiber damage below 100 µm with laser cutting speed of 2.5 m/min and above was obtained. Thermal effects were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The fiber damage was further optimized using specialist methods such as double aperture nozzle and trenching. The use of trenching and double aperture further reduces the fiber damage to 10 µm and 50 µm, respectively with laser cutting speed of 7.5 m/min and 3.33 m/min.
Deep learning based topic and sentiment analysis: COVID19 information seeking on social media
Authors: Bashar Md Abul , Nayak Richi , Balasubramaniam Thirunavukarasu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms have become a common place for information exchange among their users. People leave traces of their emotions via text expressions. A systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of social media data across time and space can give insights into local outbreaks, mental health, and social issues. Such timely insights can help in developing strategies and resources with an appropriate and efficient response. This study analysed a large Spatio-temporal tweet dataset of the Australian sphere related to COVID19. The methodology included a volume analysis, topic modelling, sentiment detection, and semantic brand score to obtain an insight into the COVID19 pandemic outbreak and public discussion in different states and cities of Australia over time. The obtained insights are compared with independently observed phenomena such as government-reported instances.
Insertion Speed Affects the Initial Stability of Dental Implants
Authors: Hsu Yuan-Yang , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Huang Heng-Li , Fuh Lih-Jyh , Hsu Jui-Ting 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the effects of insertion speed of dental implants on their stability.MethodsDental implants were inserted at speeds of 4, 10, 20, and 30 rpm, respectively, into artificial bones of two different bone qualities; namely, good bone (GB) and poor bone (PB). Therefore, the four insertion speeds and two bone qualities totaled eight groups, with five specimens per group. During the insertion process, the maximum insertion torque value (ITV) was measured, along with two stability parameters: periotest value (PTV) and initial stability quotient (ISQ).ResultsDental implants in the GB group exhibited better stability than those in the PB group (p < 0.001). Significant differences in ITVs were observed among the four insertion speeds in both the GB and PB groups (p = 0.004 and p = 0.034, respectively). In general, the higher the insertion speed, the lower the ITV; in particular, the ITVs for implants inserted at 4 rpm were higher than those measured at 20 and 30 rpm (p = 0.008). However, regardless of the bone quality, the PTVs did not differ significantly among the four insertion speeds (p = 0.066). In both the GB and PB groups, the ISQs differed significantly differences among the four insertion speeds (p = 0.016 and p = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionThe stability parameters measured for dental implants in the GB group were all higher than those measured in the PB group. In general, a higher insertion speed resulted in a lower ITV value. The PTV did not differ significantly, while the ISQ differed significantly among the four insertion speeds.
Deep Learning Models for the Diagnosis and Screening of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddiqui Shah , Arifeen Murshedul , Hopgood Adrian , Good Alice , Gegov Alexander , Hossain Elias , Rahman Wahidur , Hossain Shazzad , Al Jannat Sabila , Ferdous Rezowan , Masum Shamsul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as a global pandemic by WHO. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients may reduce the impact of coronavirus using modern computational methods like deep learning. Various deep learning models based on CT and chest X-ray images are studied and compared in this study as an alternative solution to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. This study consists of three stages: planning, conduction, and analysis/reporting. In the conduction stage, inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied to the literature searching and identification. Then, we have implemented quality assessment rules, where over 75 scored articles in the literature were included. Finally, in the analysis/reporting stage, all the papers are reviewed and analysed. After the quality assessment of the individual papers, this study adopted 57 articles for the systematic literature review. From these reviews, the critical analysis of each paper, including the represented matrix for the model evaluation, existing contributions, and motivation, has been tracked with suitable illustrations. We have also interpreted several insights of each paper with appropriate annotation. Further, a set of comparisons has been enumerated with suitable discussion. Convolutional neural networks are the most commonly used deep learning architecture for COVID-19 disease classification and identification from X-ray and CT images. Various prior studies did not include data from a hospital setting nor did they consider data preprocessing before training a deep learning model.
Comparison of two electronic hand hygiene systems using real-time feedback via wireless technology to improve hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit
Authors: Generoso José R. , Casaroto Eduardo , Neto Ary Serpa , Prado Marcelo , Gagliardi Guilherme M. , de Menezes Fernando Gatti , Gonçalves Priscila , Hohmann Fábio Barlem , Olivato Guilherme Benfatti , Gonçalves Gustavo Potratz , Pereira Andréa Marques , Xavier Nathalia , Miguel Marcelo Fernandes , da Silva Victor Elivane , Edmond Michael B. , Marra Alexandre R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Most hand hygiene (HH) intervention studies use a quasi-experimental design, are primarily uncontrolled before-and-after studies, or are controlled before-and-after studies with a nonequivalent control group. Well-funded studies with improved designs and HH interventions are needed.

Objectives:
To evaluate healthcare worker (HCW) HH compliance with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) through direct observation (human observer), 2 electronic technologies, a radio frequency identification (RFID) badge system, and an invasive device sensor.

Methods:
In our controlled experimental study, 2,269 observations were made over a 6-month period from July 1 to December 30, 2020, in a 4-bed intensive care unit. We compared HH compliance between a basic feedback loop system with RFID badges and an enhanced feedback loop system that utilized sensors on invasive devices.

Results:
Real-time feedback by wireless technology connected to a patient’s invasive device (enhanced feedback loop) resulted in a significant increase in HH compliance (69.5% in the enhanced group vs 59.1% in the basic group; P = .0001).

Conclusion:
An enhanced feedback loop system connected to invasive devices, providing real-time alerts to HCWs, is effective in improving HH compliance.