bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Percentages of Asphalt Content Extracted from Mixes Containing RAP and/or RAS
Authors: Deef-Allah Eslam , Abdelrahman Magdy 
Published: February 2022

Extracting asphalt binders (ABs) from mixes including recycled asphalt shingles and/or reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) needs more investigation. The most popular way for extracting ABs from mixes is centrifuge extraction. The fine materials (dust) extracted with the effluent were quantified using ashing and centrifuge mineral matter determination methods (MMDMs). MMDM could underestimate the extracted asphalt content (EAC)% by overestimating dust amounts. As a result, the actual asphalt content% values were compared to the EAC% values utilizing ashing and centrifuge MMDMs. The EAC% values using the centrifuge MMDM showed more accurate values when compared to the EAC% values using the ashing MMDM. The fabrication techniques used in the field, lab, and plant mixes and the additives used in these mixes altered the interaction processes between virgin asphalt binders (VABs) and RAP binders. More interactions occurred in the plant mixes due to reheating these mixes prior to compaction in the lab. Thus, the EAC% values from plant mixes were higher than the EAC% values from the same mixes obtained from the field. The interactions between the RAP binder and the VAB were boosted by Evoflex that increased the EAC% values.
m-NUTRIC Score for Assessment of Nutritional Status and Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Verma Prerna , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Bawankule Shilpa , Wanjari A. K. , Agrawal Sachin , Bakre Anand 
Published: February 2022

Background: Malnutrition entails insufficiency arising of protein, vitamin, and trace elements related to inadequate and unstable diet which may cause poor quality of life and sometimes even lead to death. Undernourishment is the leading reason having a greater impact on outcomes following treatment, which lengthens patient stay and impacts mortality and morbidity. Protein deficiency is commonly reported among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Lack of proper nutrition affects the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutritional problems among CKD subjects needs to be detected earlier. This study aims to assess the nutritional risk of patients with CKD by m-Nutric score and compare the m-Nutric scores among patients with and without haemodialysis.
Materials and Methods: This will be a cross-sectional study in the Dept. of Medicine, at AVBRH, Wardha. Total 150 patients with CKD reporting to Medicine Department, AVBRH, Wardha will be enrolled in the study. The m-NUTRIC score will be calculated as per the criteria. APACHE II at admittance and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score will be assessed . NUTRIC points will be calculated without interleukin (IL)-6. Morbidity data, duration of stay of patients and mortality will be recorded.
Expected Results: Subjects having m-NUTRIC scores more than or equal to five will be graded in the high risk category of undernourishment whereas scores less than or equal to four will be categorised as low risk. We expect a significant correlation of m-NUTRIC scores ≥5 to duration of hospitalisation and risk of death.
Conclusion: The m-NUTRIC scores would be directly correlated with mean ICU duration of stay and mortality for patients with hospitalised CKD.
Virtual Screening to Identify Protein Targets of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans Interacting with Emodin
Authors: Preety R. , Jeevitha M. , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify protein targets of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans interacting with emodin.
Introduction: Aggregatibacter mycetemcomitans is a gram negative bacteria that is associated with localized chronic periodontitis and other systemic diseases. The organism produces a number of virulence factors which provides some benefits to the bacterium. In this study, protein targets of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans interacting with emodin were identified.
Methodology: The present study follows an observational study design wherein we employed computational tools used to identify the targets, assess its functional role and virulence property. The protein targets in the bacteria were identified by virtual screening by using emodin as the compound.
Results: Peptide epitopes present in the virulence factors were identified using the BepiPred tool. The subcellular location of the protein targets were elucidated using emodin as the phytocompound. The 3 - Deoxy - D - manno octulosonic acid, ArcB, hypothetical protein and Arabinose - 5 - phosphate isomerase were found to be virulent.
Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it provides substantial evidence on the protein targets acting against emodin.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Acetyloxyphenyl-1,2,3-triazole Linked Hexahydro Acridinediones
Authors: Shanmugasundaram P. , Sujatha R. , Aanandhi M. Vijey , Manivannan V. , Sivaraju M. 
Published: February 2022

10-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexahydro acridinediones were treated with chloroacetyl choloride to give 10-(2-chloroacetyloxyphenyl) hexahydro acridinediones, which were treated with NaN3 in acetone followed by reaction with DMAD yielded 10-[2-(1-triazolo-4,5-dicarboxymethyl)acetyloxyphenyl]-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydro-1,8-(2H,5H)- acridinediones.
Evaluation of Haematological Parameters of Obese Individuals Based on Age Groups at Omisanjana Area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Rashid Huba K. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Omotunde Precious Ifeoluwa 
Published: February 2022

Obesity is a chronic disease which has spread all over the world and threatens public global health. Eighty (80) obese individuals based on age groups. The table above show no significant difference in PCV (p=0.241), WBC (p=0.445), LYM (p=0.531), GRAN (p=0.514), MID (p=0.930), LYM (p=0.984), GRAN (p=0.682), MID (p=0.343), RBC (p=0.971), HGB, MCV (p=0.389), MCH (p=0.755), MCHC (p=0.052), RDW_CV (p=0.392), RDW_SD (p=0.177), PLT (p=0.055), MPV (p=0.224), PDW (p=0.432), P_LCR (p=0.096) when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on age group respectively. Age group has no changes in the haematological parameters of obese individuals among the studied subjects.
Tailor‐Engineered 2D Cocatalysts: Harnessing Electron–Hole Redox Center of 2D g‐C3N4 Photocatalysts toward Solar‐to‐Chemical Conversion and Environmental Purification
Authors: Ling Grayson Zhi Sheng , Ng Sue‐Faye , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSparked by natural photosynthesis, solar photocatalysis using metal‐free graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with appealing electronic structure has turned up as the most captivating technique to the quest for sustainable energy generation and pollution‐free environment. Nonetheless, low‐dimensional g‐C3N4 is thwarted from sluggish kinetics and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers upon light irradiation. Among multifarious modification strategies, engineering 2D cocatalysts is anticipated to accelerate redox kinetics, augment active sites and ameliorate electron–hole separation of 2D g‐C3N4 for boosted activity thanks to its face‐to‐face contact surface. It is of timely and technological significance to review the 2D/2D interfaces with state‐of‐the‐art 2D cocatalysts, spanning from carbon‐containing to phosphorus‐containing, metal dichalcogenide, and other cocatalysts. Fundamental principles for each photocatalytic application will be introduced. Thereafter, the recent advances of 2D/2D cocatalyst‐mediated g‐C3N4 systems will be critically evaluated based on their interfacial engineering, emerging roles, and impacts toward stability and catalytic efficiency. Importantly, mechanistic insights into the charge dynamics and structure–performance relationship will be deciphered. Last, noteworthy research directions are prospected to deliver insightful ideas for future development of g‐C3N4. Overall, this review is anticipated to serve as a scaffold and cornerstone in designing dimensionality‐dependent 2D cocatalyst‐assisted g‐C3N4 toward renewable energy and ecologically green environment.
Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio‐Actuation
Authors: Filippi Miriam , Buchner Thomas , Yasa Oncay , Weirich Stefan , Katzschmann Robert K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBio‐hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio‐hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self‐assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long‐term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio‐hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio‐actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio‐actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
Quantum Materials Manufacturing
Authors: Glavin Nicholas R. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kar Swastik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe quantum age is just around the corner. As quantum systems become more stable, robust, and mainstream, tackling the challenge of high‐throughput manufacturing will require further developments in materials synthesis, characterization, assembly, and diagnostics. As the building blocks of future technologies scale down to atomic and molecular scales, a paradigm shift in manufacturing will begin to take shape. Inspired by a quantum manufacturing world that elevates the Materials Genome Initiative to the next level, a “human‐in‐the‐loop” framework for high‐throughput manufacturing, which addresses key opportunities and challenges to be overcome, is outlined.
An Electroluminodynamic Flexible Device for Highly Efficient Eradication of Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Jianhong , Jia Qingyan , Yue Zilin , Huo Jingjing , Chai Jin , Yu Luofeng , Nie Renhao , Shao Han , Zhao Yang , Li Peng , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted wide attention in antibacterial applications due to its advantages of spatial‐temporal selectivity, noninvasiveness, and low incidence to develop drug resistance. To make it more convenient, universal, and manipulatable for clinical application, a conceptually antibacterial strategy, namely “electroluminodynamic therapy” (ELDT), is presented by nanoassembly of an electroluminescent (EL) material and a photosensitizer, which is capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ under an electric field, i.e., the fluorescence emitted by the EL molecules excites the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen (1O2), for the oxidative damage of pathogens. Based on the scheme of ELDT, a flexible therapeutic device is fabricated through a hydrogel loading with ELDT nanoagents, followed by integration with a flexible battery, satisfying the requirements of being light and wearable for wound dressings. The ELDT‐based flexible device presents potent ROS‐induced killing efficacies against drug‐resistant bacteria (>99.9%), so as to effectively inhibit the superficial infection and promote the wound healing. This research reveals a proof‐of‐concept ELDT strategy as a prospective alternative to PDT, which avoids the utilization of a physical light source, and achieves convenient and effective killing of drug‐resistant bacteria through a hydrogel‐based flexible therapeutic device.
The Design and Bioimaging Applications of NIR Fluorescent Organic Dyes with High Brightness
Authors: Wu Jiaxing , Shi Zhenxiong , Zhu Linlin , Li Jie , Han Xu , Xu Man , Hao Shiping , Fan Yibo , Shao Tao , Bai Hua , Peng Bo , Hu Wenbo , Liu Xiaowang , Yao Chuanhao , Li Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the merits of decreased photon attenuation, autofluorescence, and scattering, the near‐infrared (NIR, 700–1700 nm) region is an important window in the field of biomedicine, such as in vivo fluorescence imaging, in which both the optical detection depth and the resolution/contrast have been significantly improved. In particular, for second NIR (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) dyes, biological tissues have almost no background interference. Typical fluorophores have excellent spectral performance and rich functional modification sites and can be optimized into NIR dyes for bioimaging. However, as the absorption/emission wavelength of fluorophores redshift to NIR, it is challenging to keep fluorophores with satisfying brightness. Therefore, for the purpose of increasing the absorption/emission wavelength of dye while promoting its brightness, it is necessary to study the structure–property relationship of the dyes. This review introduces the influences of fluorophores’ structure on their photophysical properties, summarizes the strategies for maintaining high fluorescence brightness along with redshifted absorption/emission wavelengths, and the latest advances of highly fluorescent brightness dyes. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this emerging field are also provided. The authors aim to provide insightful design guidelines and clear overview of highly bright NIR fluorescent dyes, which might trigger new ideas and applications.
Electrosynthesis of CF3‐Substituted Polycyclic Quinazolinones via Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkene
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Wangqin , Xu Chao , He Jiaying , Xu Zhenhui , Yang Zehui , Ling Fei , Zhong Weihui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn atom and step economy cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkene with Langlois reagent as a CF3 source is described. A variety of polycyclic quinazolinones were successfully synthesized in 52–81% yields under transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. The Langlois reagent used in this strategy as a CF3 reagent possesses the advantages of bench‐stablity, cost‐effectivity and high‐efficiency. Additionally, gram‐scale reaction, broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this protocol.magnified image
Photoredox Catalyzed Trifluoromethyl Radical‐Triggered Trifunctionalization of 5‐HexenenitrilesviaCyano Migration
Authors: Guo Kang , Gu Chen , Li Yun , Xie Xiaofei , Zhang Honglin , Chen Kang , Zhu Yingguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA photoredox catalyzed trifluoromethyl radical‐triggered trifunctionalization of 5‐hexenenitrilesviacyano group migration is reported. The cyano group migration is of high chemo‐selectivity even in the presence of aryl or heteroaryl groups as competitors. This protocol provides a facile access to a broad scope of CF3‐containing compounds with high molecular complexity and functional group diversity. The success of gram‐scale reaction and the versatility of products in derivative synthesis illustrate the potential value of this transformation in synthetic chemistry.magnified image
Feasible Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber‐Based Microplastics in Alkaline Media with Bi2O3@N‐TiO2 Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic System
Authors: Zhou Dawang , Wang Li , Zhang Fangzhou , Wu Jing , Wang Huaping , Yang Jianping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFiber‐based microplastic (FMP) pollution in the wastewater of the textile industry and urban sewage has become an emerging issue and a potential threat to marine life and human health. However, most reported reduction strategies, such as physical adsorption/filtration and chemical‐catalytic degradation are limited by the secondary pollution caused by the desorption of FMPs and inferior degradation performance. Advanced technologies for efficient FMP control remain largely insufficient and underdeveloped. This work reports a Z‐scheme Bi2O3@N‐TiO2 heterojunction synthesized by a solvothermal and wet‐impregnation strategy. Bi2O3@N‐TiO2 degrades ≈10.23 ± 1.91 wt% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐FMPs (a major FMP existing in the environment) at pH = 9, which is nearly three times higher than that at pH = 7. Experimental results show that the hydrolysis of PET‐FMPs in alkaline media is the main reason for the superior performance. Importantly, the hydrophilic, weight‐average molecular weight and crystallinity of PET‐FMP are the key factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation performance of PET‐FMPs. This study demonstrates an eco‐friendly strategy for remediation of FMP contamination.
Ultra‐Wideband, Polarization‐Independent, Wide‐Angle Multilayer Swastika‐Shaped Metamaterial Solar Energy Absorber with Absorption Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Surve Jaymit , Jadeja Rajendrasinh , Katkar Vijay , Parmar Juveriya , Ahmed Kawsar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a double layer of gold multipattern swastika (DLMP) resonator based on SiO2 substrate. The average absorption of 95% is achieved for the DLMP metasurface‐based solar absorber in the spectrum (0.1–3 μm) covering the ultraviolet, visible, near‐infrared (NIR), and some range of mid‐infrared regions which makes proposed solar energy absorber ultra‐wideband. The absorptance rate of more than 90% is achieved for the bandwidth of 2516 nm, in absorptance spectrum of 0.314 to 2.830 μm. Shape analysis is also carried out for proposed structure with simulations of five variations and comparative analysis in terms of absorptance response under solar radiation is also presented to check the effect of shape variation on absorption. Furthermore, the influence of several structural parameters on absorptance spectra is also investigated. It is also observed that the absorptance spectrum of proposed solar absorber is angle insensitive for the range of 0° to 70° and is also polarization insensitive. General regression neural network is used to build regression models which can learn and predict the behavior of absorbers in assorted conditions. Experimental results prove that these models can predict the absorber behavior with high accuracy and can reduce the simulation time, resource requirements by 80%.
Efficient Construction of 3‐Fluoroalkylated Oxindoles Enabled by Zwitterion Catalysis
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Vaishanv Narendra Kumar , Mohanan Kishor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract3,3‐Disusbtituted oxindoles are important compounds in organic synthesis, and methods to access this class of compounds have always been sought after. Herein, we have identified a new method where a zwitterion generated using a combination of phosphine and para‐quinone methide could efficiently catalyze the 1,6‐conjugate addition of α‐fluoro‐β‐ketoamides to isatin‐derived para‐quinone methides to access 3‐fluoroalkylated oxindoles. It was further shown that the methodology could be extended to arylaldehyde‐derived p‐QMs. Moreover, one of the conjugate addition products was efficiently transformed into oxoindolinyl fluoroacetamide derivative through a K2CO3 mediated deacylation reaction.
A Desaturative Approach for Aromatic Aldehyde Synthesis via Synergistic Enamine, Photoredox and Cobalt Triple Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Huaibo , Caldora Henry P. , Turner Oliver , Douglas James J. , Leonori Daniele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAromatic aldehydes are fundamental intermediates that are widely utilised for the synthesis of important materials across the broad spectrum of chemical industries. Accessing highly substituted derivatives can often be difficult as their functionalizations are generally performed via electrophilic aromatic substitution, SEAr. Here we provide an alternative and mechanistically distinct approach whereby aromatic aldehydes are assembled from saturated precursors via a desaturative process. This novel strategy harnesses the high‐fidelity of Diels–Alder cycloadditions to quickly construct multi‐substituted cyclohexenecarbaldehyde cores which undergo desaturation via the synergistic interplay of enamine, photoredox and cobalt triple catalysis.
The analysis of methylxanthine fractions obtained from Camellia sinensis cultivated in Turkey and effects on the in vitro inhibition of CYP2D6 enzyme
Authors: Attar Azade , Altikatoglu Yapaoz Melda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTea is a worldwide consumed herbal beverage and it was aimed in this study to reveal the major fractions of green and black tea in order to enlighten the in vitro inhibition potency on the well‐known drug metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 activity. Methylxanthine fractions were extracted from green and black tea and a yield of 0.265 g (1.06%) for 25 g of dried black tea and 0.302 g (1.2%) for 25 g of green tea was calculated. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis represented that the major components of the methylxanthine fractions were caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. Methylxanthine content of black tea was 368.25 ± 4.6 μg/ml caffeine, 89.30 ± 2.3 μg/ml theobromine, and 3.40 ± 0.5 μg/ml theophylline, whereas that of green tea was 176.50 ± 3.7 μg/ml caffeine, 53.85 ± 1.4 μg/ml theobromine, and 2.06 ± 0.7 μg/ml theophylline. The results of concentration‐dependent inhibition studies were 76% green tea, 75% black tea, and 55% caffeine at concentration of 10 mg/ml. The inhibition rates of green and black tea on CYP2D6 activity were 76% and 75%, respectively, where that of quinidine, the well‐known inhibitor of CYP2D6, was 82%. Our results indicate that green and black tea is very likely to modify the CYP2D6 enzyme activity.
Factors associated with maternal consent for use of residual newborn bloodspots in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Wong Eugene C. , Fisher Sarah C. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Romitti Paul A. , Nestoridi Eirini , Desrosiers Tania A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeWe investigated factors associated with maternal consent to use residual newborn dried bloodspots (DBS) in a national case–control study of birth defects.MethodsA subset of sites in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS; 1997–2011) asked participants to provide consent for investigators to retrieve DBS from local newborn screening programs to use for research on risk factors for birth defects. We assessed whether consent differed by factors including maternal age, education, parity, body mass index, language of interview, country of birth, and case–control status.ResultsOf 5,850 mothers of cases and 2,534 mothers of controls, 57% provided consent for the DBS component. Mothers of cases were more likely to participate than mothers of controls (61% vs. 52%), as were mothers who self‐reported white race, >12 years of education, and born in the United States.ConclusionsRetrieval of DBS can be integrated into retrospective studies of neonatal outcomes including birth defects. In NBDPS, participation in the DBS component was moderate and varied by some sociodemographic factors. Further research is needed to better understand families' perspectives on using residual DBS for secondary research. Representative participation is important to reduce the potential for selection bias in future studies using DBS for children's health research.