bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claisen Rearrangement Triggered by Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Alkyne Alkoxylation
Authors: Li Long , Ye Long-Wu , Yan Yao-Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, catalytic alkyne alkoxylation-initiated Claisen rearrangement has proven to be a practical and powerful strategy for the rapid assembly of a diverse range of structurally complex molecules. The rapid development of Claisen rearrangements triggered by transition-metal-catalyzed alkyne alkoxylation has shown great potential in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in an atom-economic and mild way. However, metal-free alkyne alkoxylation-triggered Claisen rearrangement has seldom been exploited. Recently, Brønsted acids such as HNTf2 and HOTf have been shown to be powerful activators that promote catalytic alkyne alkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement, leading to the concise and flexible synthesis of valuable compounds with high efficiency and atom economy. Recent advances on the Brønsted acid catalyzed alkyne alkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement are introduced in this Account, in which both intramolecular and intermolecular tandem reactions are discussed.
Life-Threatening Mediastinal Teratoma of Infant Requiring Emergency Surgical Removal
Authors: Piber Nicole , Weichert Wilko , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Teratoma is a tumor derived from fetal germ cells with aberrant differentiation.
Case Description A 3-month-old infant with a mediastinal tumor was referred to our heart center. She presented with progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, and the need to be manually ventilated. The computed tomography scan displayed a huge tumor restricting the distal trachea including the bifurcation. An emergent operation was performed and the tumor was completely removed. Histological examination confirmed a mature teratoma.
Conclusion In such life-threatening situation, the early detection and the immediate operation are very important for the management of rapidly-progressing mediastinal teratomas compressing the respiratory tract.
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
Authors: Kaur Gagan , Baghdasaryan Patrick , Natarajan Balaji , Sethi Prabhdeep , Mukherjee Ashis , Varadarajan Padmini , Pai Ramdas G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronary no-reflow phenomenon is a lethal mechanism of ongoing myocardial injury following successful revascularization of an infarct-related coronary artery. Incidence of this phenomenon is high following percutaneous intervention and is associated with adverse in-hospital and long-term outcomes. Several mechanisms such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and distal microthromboembolism in genetically susceptible patients and those with preexisting endothelial dysfunction have been implicated. However, the exact mechanism in humans is still poorly understood. Several investigative and treatment strategies within and outside the cardiac catheterization laboratory have been proposed, but they have not uniformly shown success in reducing mortality or in preventing adverse left ventricular remodeling resulting from this condition. The aim of this article is to provide a brief and concise review of the current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical predictors, and investigations and management of coronary no-reflow phenomenon.
Dirhodium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-(Arylsulfonyl)hydrazines by N–H Amination of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Ito Motoki , Sugiyama Shigeo , Hasegawa Yui , Saito Satomi , Onda Asami , Higuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study reports the development of Rh(II)-catalyzed N–N bond-forming reaction of amino acid derivatives or aliphatic amines to provide hydrazine derivatives through the combined use of Rh2(esp)2 and [(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonylimino]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyliodinane (3,4-(MeO)2C6H3SO2N=IMes). This is the first report of N–H amination of aliphatic amines with metal–nitrene species.
High Fructose Negatively Impacts Proliferation of NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Line
Authors: Lodha Divya , Subramaniam Jamuna R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives The main aim of this study is to identify the deleterious effects of indiscriminately consumed high fructose on motor neurons that are critically affected in many neurological conditions causing movement disorders including paralysis.

Materials and Methods Neuroblastoma x mouse spinal cord motor neuron cell line (NSC-34) motor neuron cell lines were treated with high fructose and oxygen supplementation (18.8%) and assayed for cell proliferation/death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative stress response induction

Statistical Analysis Mean and standard deviation, significance with and without high fructose (F)-5%, were estimated by t-tests using GraphPad Prism ver. 8.2.1

Results F-5% along with O2 (18.8%) annihilates the cells (∼85%) by day10 and inhibits cell division as observed by the presence of multinucleated cells. Unexpectedly, 1 to 2% of cells that survived, differentiated and displayed progressive neurite extension. Though not healthy, they were viable up to 80 days. F-5% increased ROS levels (∼34%) not accompanied by concomitant enhanced expression of oxidative stress response regulator, the transcription factor, nrf-2, or downstream effector, sod-1.

Conclusion High fructose is extremely harmful to NSC-34 motor neuron cell line.
Choosing the right COVID-19 indicator: crude mortality, case fatality, and infection fatality rates influence policy preferences, behaviour, and understanding
Authors: Focacci Chiara Natalie , Lam Pak Hung , Bai Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndividuals worldwide are overwhelmed with news about COVID-19. In times of pandemic, media alternate the usage of different COVID-19 indicators, ranging from the more typical crude mortality rate to the case fatality rate, and the infection fatality rate continuously. In this article, we used experimental methods to test whether and how the treatment of individuals with different types of information on COVID-19 is able to change policy preferences, individual and social behaviours, and the understanding of COVID-19 indicators. Results show that while the usage of the crude mortality rate proves to be more efficient in terms of supporting policy preferences and behaviours to contain the virus, all indicators suffer from a significant misunderstanding on behalf of the population.
Discovery of a dual-action small molecule that improves neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Park Min Hee , Park Kang Ho , Choi Byung Jo , Han Wan Hui , Yoon Hee Ji , Jung Hye Yoon , Lee Jihoon , Song Im-Sook , Lim Dong Yu , Choi Min-Koo , Lee Yang-Ha , Park Cheol-Min , Wang Ming , Jo Jihoon , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Seung Hyun , Schuchman Edward H. , Jin Hee Kyung , Bae Jae-sung 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Since Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease, multitargeted therapeutic approaches are likely required for effective AD treatment. The importance of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation in the various neuropathological features of AD is well-known. Therefore, in this study, we focused on identifying an efficient, direct inhibitor of ASM activity. We found that KARI 201 was a highly selective ASM activity inhibitor without any off-target effects. Through RNA-sequencing analysis in brains of AD mice, we also unexpectedly uncovered the role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons led to improvement of Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, synapse loss, hippocampal neurogenesis, and memory dysfunction in AD mice.
Floxed exon (Flexon): A flexibly positioned stop cassette for recombinase-mediated conditional gene expression
Authors: Shaffer Justin M. , Greenwald Iva 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceTools that afford spatiotemporal control of gene expression are crucial for studying genes and processes in multicellular organisms. Stop cassettes consist of exogenous sequences that interrupt gene expression and flanking site-specific recombinase sites to allow for tissue-specific excision and restoration of function by expression of the cognate recombinase. We describe a stop cassette called aflexon, composed of an artificial exon flanked by artificial introns that can be flexibly positioned in a gene. We demonstrate its efficacy inCaenorhabditis elegansfor lineage-specific control of gene expression and for tissue-specific RNA interference and discuss other potential uses. The Flexon approach should be feasible in any system amenable to site-specific recombination-based methods and applicable to diverse areas including development, neuroscience, and metabolism.
Complex, Lorentzian, and Euclidean simplicial quantum gravity: numerical methods and physical prospects
Authors: Jia Ding 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Evaluating gravitational path integrals in the Lorentzian has been a long-standing challenge due to the numerical sign problem. We show that this challenge can be overcome in simplicial quantum gravity. By deforming the integration contour into the complex, the sign fluctuations can be suppressed, for instance using the holomorphic gradient flow algorithm. Working through simple models, we show that this algorithm enables efficient Monte Carlo simulations for Lorentzian simplicial quantum gravity. In order to allow complex deformations of the integration contour, we provide a manifestly holomorphic formula for Lorentzian simplicial gravity. This leads to a complex version of simplicial gravity that generalizes the Euclidean and Lorentzian cases. Outside the context of numerical computation, complex simplicial gravity is also relevant to studies of singularity resolving processes with complex semi-classical solutions. Along the way, we prove a complex version of the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, which may be of independent interest.
Initial state estimation from limited observations of the heat equation in metric graphs
Authors: Iwasaki Satoru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with initial state estimation problems of the heat equation in equilateral metric graphs being admitted to have cycles. Particularly, we are concerned with suitable placements of observation points in order to uniquely determine the initial state from observation data. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for suitable placements of observation points, and such suitable placements are determined from transition matrices of metric graphs. From numerical simulations, we confirm effectiveness of a necessary and sufficient condition.
High-throughput particle focusing and separation in split-recombination channel
Authors: Chen Shuang , Shi Zongqian , Sun Jiajia , Jia Shenli , Zhong Mingjie , Ma Yuxin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inertial microfluidic has been widely applied to manipulate particles or bio-sample based on the inertial lift force and Dean Vortices. This technology provides significant advantages over conventional technologies, including simple structure, high throughput and freedom from an external field. Among many inertial microfluidic systems, the straight microchannel is commonly used to produce inertial focusing, which is a phenomenon that particles or cells are aligned and separated based on their size under the influence of inertial lift force. Besides the inertial lift force, flow drag forces induced by the geometrical structures of microchannel can also affect particle focusing. Herein, a split-recombination microchannel, consisting of curved and straight channels, is proposed to focus and separate particles at high flow rate. As compared with the straight channel, the particle focusing in the split-recombination channel is greatly improved, which results from the combined effects of the inertial lift force, the curvature-induced Dean drag force and the structure of split and recombination. Moreover, the distribution of different-sized particles in designed microchannel is investigated. The results indicate that the proposed microchannel not only enhances the particle focusing but also enables the separation of different-sized particles with high throughput. Finally, it is discovered that the larger length of straight channel and curvature radius of curved channel can result in a more efficient particle separation. Another important feature of designed split-recombination microchannel is that it can be arranged in parallel to handle large-volume samples, holding great potential in lab-on-a-chip applications.
An atom passing through a hole in a dielectric membrane: impact of dispersion forces on mask-based matter-wave lithography
Authors: Fiedler Johannes , Holst Bodil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fast, large area patterning of arbitrary structures down to the nanometre scale is of great interest for a range of applications including the semiconductor industry, quantum electronics, nanophotonics and others. It was recently proposed that nanometre-resolution mask lithography can be realised by sending metastable helium atoms through a binary holography mask consisting of a pattern of holes. However, these first calculations were done using a simple scalar wave approach, which did not consider the dispersion force interaction between the atoms and the mask material. To access the true potential of the idea, it is necessary to access how this interaction affects the atoms. Here we present a theoretical study of the dispersion force interaction between an atom and a dielectric membrane with a hole. We look at metastable and ground state helium, using experimentally realistic wavelengths (0.05–1 nm) and membrane thicknesses (5–50 nm). We find that the effective hole radius is reduced by around 1–7 nm for metastable helium and 0.5–3.5 nm for ground-state helium. As expected, the reduction is largest for thick membranes and slow atoms.
Three-dimensional (3D) velocity map imaging: from technique to application
Authors: Basnayake Gihan , Ranathunga Yasashri , Lee Suk Kyoung , Li Wen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The velocity map imaging (VMI) technique was first introduced by Eppink and Parker in 1997, as an improvement to the original ion imaging method by Houston and Chandler in 1987. The method has gained huge popularity over the past two decades and has become a standard tool for measuring high-resolution translational energy and angular distributions of ions and electrons. VMI has evolved gradually from 2D momentum measurements to 3D measurements with various implementations and configurations. The most recent advancement has brought unprecedented 3D performance to the technique in terms of resolutions (both spatial and temporal), multi-hit capability as well as acquisition speed while maintaining many attractive attributes afforded by conventional VMI such as being simple, cost-effective, visually appealing and versatile. In this tutorial we will discuss many technical aspects of the recent advancement and its application in probing correlated chemical dynamics.
Inference on fission timescale from neutron multiplicity measurement in 18O + 184W
Authors: Rai N K , Gandhi A , Kannan M T Senthil , Roy S K , Saneesh N , Kumar M , Kaur G , Arora D , Golda K S , Jhingan A , Sugathan P , Ghosh T K , Sadhukhan Jhilam , Nayak B K , Deb Nabendu K , Biswas Saumyajit , Chakraborty A , Parihari A , Kumar Ajay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The pre-scission and post-scission neutron multiplicities are measured for the 18O + 184W reaction in the excitation energy range of 67.23–76.37 MeV. Langevin dynamical calculations are performed to infer the energy dependence of fission decay time in compliance with the measured neutron multiplicities. Different models for nuclear dissipation are employed for this purpose. Fission process is usually expected to be faster at a higher beam energy. However, we found an enhancement in the average fission time as the incident beam energy increases. It happens because a higher excitation energy helps more neutrons to evaporate that eventually stabilizes the system against fission. The competition between fission and neutron evaporation delicately depends on the available excitation energy and it is explained here with the help of the partial fission yields contributed by the different isotopes of the primary compound nucleus.
High specific surface CeO2–NPs doped loose porous C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation ability
Authors: Gu Qian , Jiang PingPing , Zhang Kai , Shen Yirui , Leng Yan , Zhang Pingbo , Wai Phyu Thin , Yu Jie , Cao Zhigao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Porous C3N4 (PCN) is favored by researchers because it has more surface active sites, higher specific surface area and stronger light absorption ability than traditional g–C3N4. In this study, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2–NPs) with mixed valence state of Ce3+ and Ce4+ were doped into the PCN framework by a two-step method. The results indicate that CeO2–NPs are highly dispersed in the PCN framework, which leads to a narrower band gap, a wider range of the light response and an improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge in PCN. Moreover, the specific surface area (145.69 m2 g−1) of CeO2–NPs doped PCN is a 25.5% enhancement than that of PCN (116.13 m2 g−1). In the experiment of photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, CeO2–NPs doped porous C3N4 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity, especially Ce–PCN–30. The conversion rate of benzyl alcohol reaches 74.9% using Ce–PCN−30 as photocatalyst by 8 h of illumination, which is 25.7% higher than that of pure porous C3N4. Additionally, CeO2–NPs doped porous C3N4 also exhibits better photocatalytic efficiency for other aromatic alcohols.
Enabling coherent BaZrO3nanorods/YBa2Cu3O7−xinterface through dynamic lattice enlargement in vertical epitaxy of BaZrO3/YBa2Cu3O7−xnanocomposites
Authors: Wu Judy Z , Ogunjimi Victor , Sebastian Mary Ann , Zhang Di , Jian Jie , Huang Jijie , Zhang Yifan , Gautam Bibek , Haugan Timothy , Wang Haiyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne-dimensionalc-axis-aligned BaZrO3(BZO) nanorods are regarded as strong one-dimensional artificial pinning centers (1D-APCs) in BZO-doped YaBa2Cu3O7−x(BZO/YBCO) nanocomposite films. However, a microstructure analysis has revealed a defective, oxygen-deficient YBCO column around the BZO 1D-APCs due to the large lattice mismatch of ∼7.7% between the BZO (3a = 1.26 nm) and YBCO (c = 1.17 nm), which has been blamed for the reduced pinning efficiency of BZO 1D-APCs. Herein, we report a dynamic lattice enlargement approach on the tensile strained YBCO lattice during the BZO 1D-APCs growth to inducec-axis elongation of the YBCO lattice up to 1.26 nm near the BZO 1D-APC/YBCO interface via Ca/Cu substitution on single Cu-O planes of YBCO, which prevents the interfacial defect formation by reducing the BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch to ∼1.4%. Specifically, this is achieved by inserting thin Ca0.3Y0.7Ba2Cu3O7−x(CaY-123) spacers as the Ca reservoir in 2–6 vol.% BZO/YBCO nanocomposite multilayer (ML) films. A defect-free, coherent BZO 1D-APC/YBCO interface is confirmed in transmission electron microscopy and elemental distribution analyses. Excitingly, up to five-fold enhancement ofJc(B) at magnetic fieldB= 9.0 T//c-axis and 65 K–77 K was obtained in the ML samples as compared to their BZO/YBCO single-layer (SL) counterpart’s. This has led to a record high pinning force densityFptogether with significantly enhancedBmaxat whichFpreaches its maximum valueFp,maxfor BZO 1D-APCs atB//c-axis. At 65 K, theFp,max∼158 GN m−3andBmax∼ 8.0 T for the 6% BZO/YBCO ML samples represent a significant enhancement overFp,max∼ 36.1 GN m−3andBmax∼ 5.0 T for the 6% BZO/YBCO SL counterparts. This result not only illustrates the critical importance of a coherent BZO 1D-APC/YBCO interface in the pinning efficiency, but also provides a facile scheme to achieve such an interface to restore the pristine pinning efficiency of the BZO 1D-APCs.
Photonic schemes of distribution and reconstruction of an entangled state from hybrid entanglement between polarization and time-bin via quantum dot
Authors: Heo Jino , Choi Seong-Gon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose photonic schemes for the distribution and reconstruction of a two-qubit entangled state using a hybrid entangled state under a noisy quantum channel. First, to generate a hybrid entangled state correlated with polarizations and time-bins, we employ a quantum dot (QD)-cavity system (nonlinear optical gate) and linear optical devices to implement controlled operation. These schemes can achieve the distribution and reconstruction of a two-qubit entangled state from hybrid entanglement by utilizing only linear optical devices without a QD-cavity system (i.e., a nonlinear optical device) for users who want to share an entangled state under a noisy quantum channel. For a feasible realization of the proposed schemes, we analyze the interaction between the photons and QD-cavity system and demonstrate the experimental conditions under which the reliable performance of the QD-cavity system is achieved.
All-fiber all-normal-dispersion passively mode-locked neodymium-doped fiber laser operation at 1064 nm
Authors: Xu Liwei , Chen Xiaohan , Li Ming , Zhang Bin , Hu Qiongyu , Liu Jing , Li Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we report an all-fiber Nd-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation mechanism operating in the 1.06 μm region. When the pump power was 300 mW, a pulse with a maximum average output power of 0.63 mW, a narrowest pulse duration of 1.22 ps and a pulse repetition rate of 14.25 MHz was obtained.
Ablation efficiency of gold at fs/ps laser treatment in water and air
Authors: Smirnov N A , Kudryashov S I , Rudenko А А , Nastulyavichus A A , Ionin A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A comparison of single-pulse laser ablation of gold target by pulses with a 0.3–10 ps duration and a wavelength of 515 nm in air and in water was performed. The radiation was focused on the sample surface through the objectives with numerical apertures NA = 0.65 and 0.25. The influence of the medium, pulse duration, and spot size on the crater morphology was studied. A significant difference in crater morphology was found for different lenses. The ablation efficiency was studied by measuring the profiles of single-shot pulse craters using scanning force microscopy. The contribution of filamentation to the ablation process is shown quantitatively.
Investigation into the InAs/GaAs quantum dot material epitaxially grown on silicon for O band lasers
Authors: Tang Tianyi , Yu Tian , Yang Guanqing , Sun Jiaqian , Zhan Wenkang , Xu Bo , Zhao Chao , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers were grown on silicon substrates using a thin Ge buffer and three-step growth method in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. In addition, strained superlattices were used to prevent threading dislocations from propagating to the active region of the laser. The as-grown material quality was characterized by the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results show that a high-quality GaAs buffer with few dislocations was obtained by the growth scheme we developed. A broad-area edge-emitting laser was also fabricated. The O-band laser exhibited a threshold current density of 540 A/cm2 at room temperature under continuous wave conditions. This work demonstrates the potential of large-scale and low-cost manufacturing of the O-band InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on silicon substrates.