bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced neuronal differentiation by dynamic piezoelectric stimulation
Authors: Pinho Tiffany S. , Silva Deolinda , Ribeiro Jorge Cibrão , Marote Ana , Lima Rui , Batista Salete J. , Melo Rita , Ribeiro Clarisse , Cunha Cristiana B. , Moreira Irina S. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Salgado António J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectroactive smart materials play an important role for tissue regenerative applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a specific subtype of piezoelectric electroactive material that generates electrical potential upon mechanical stimulation. This work focuses on the application of piezoelectric PVDF films for neural differentiation. Human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) are cultured on piezoelectric poled and non‐poled β‐PVDF films with or without a pre‐coating step of poly‐d‐lysine and laminin (PDL/L). Subsequently, hNPCs differentiation into the neuronal lineage is assessed (MAP2+ and DCX+) under static or dynamic (piezoelectric stimulation) culture conditions. The results demonstrate that poled and coated β‐PVDF films induce neuronal differentiation under static culture conditions which is further enhanced with mechanical stimulation. In silico calculations of the electrostatic potential of different domains of laminin, highlight the high polarity of those domains, which shows a clear preference to interact with the varying surface electric field of the piezoelectric material under mechanical stimulation. These interactions might explain the higher neuronal differentiation induced by poled β‐PVDF films pre‐coated with PDL/L under dynamic conditions. Our results suggest that electromechanical stimuli, such as the ones induced by piezoelectric β‐PVDF films, are suitable to promote neuronal differentiation and hold great promise for the development of neuroregenerative therapies.
Direct Assessment of Rabbit Cortical Bone Basic Multicellular Unit Longitudinal Erosion Rate: A 4D Synchrotron-Based Approach
Authors: Harrison Kim D , Sales Erika , Hiebert Beverly D , Panahifar Arash , Zhu Ning , Arnason Terra , Swekla Kurtis J , Pivonka Peter , Chapman L Dean , Cooper David ML 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Cortical bone remodeling is carried out by basic multicellular units (BMUs), which couple resorption to formation. Although fluorochrome labeling has facilitated study of BMU formative parameters since the 1960s, some resorptive parameters, including the longitudinal erosion rate (LER), have remained beyond reach of direct measurement. Indeed, our only insights into this spatiotemporal parameter of BMU behavior come from classical studies that indirectly inferred LER. Here, we demonstrate a 4D in vivo method to directly measure LER through in-line phase contrast synchrotron imaging. The tibias of rabbits (n = 15) dosed daily with parathyroid hormone were first imaged in vivo (synchrotron micro-CT; day 15) and then ex vivo 14 days later (conventional micro-CT; day 29). Mean LER assessed by landmarking the co-registered scans was 23.69 ± 1.73 μm/d. This novel approach holds great promise for the direct study of the spatiotemporal coordination of bone remodeling, its role in diseases such as osteoporosis, as well as related treatments. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Calculation of the anharmonic effect on the main reactions referring to ethylbenzene combustion mechanism
Authors: Song Zening , Wang Shiye , Yu Hongjing , Hu Wenye , Yao Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbout 11 reactions related to ethylbenzene are studied in this paper using transition state theory. The YL method proposed by Yao and Lin is utilized to calculate the anharmonic and the harmonic rate constants in these reaction processes in the temperature range of 300–4,000 K, energy diagram and the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients are also presented. The calculations indicate that the harmonic rate constants are larger than the anharmonic rate constants in most cases. Especially, there is a temperature junction between the high and low relationship between the anharmonic and harmonic rate constants in several reactions. Furthermore, the calculated values are in good agreement with other theoretical ones within the allowable error. Finally, the kinetic parameters and the thermodynamic parameters are calculated. To sum up, it can be concluded that the anharmonic effect in these reactions is very significant and cannot be ignored.
Fetal brain biometry and cortical development in congenital heart disease: A prospective cross sectional study
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , De Vito Marika , Pavjola Maqina , Capponi Alessandra , Mappa Ilenia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate brain biometry and cortical development by neurosonography in fetuses with congenital heart defect (CHD) and evaluate differences among different type of CHD.MethodsIn a prospective cross sectional study singleton fetus with CHD were matched with controls and grouped into two categories according to the predicted severity of cerebral arterial oxygen deficit induced by the CHD: Group A mildly reduced or normal and Group B moderately to severely reduced. Neurosonography was done at 30–33 weeks to obtain measurements of corpus callosum (CC), cerebellar vermis (CV), Sylvian fissure (SF) insula, parieto‐occipital fissure (POF), and calcarine sulci fissures (CSF). All the neurosonographic parameters were adjusted by head circumference (HC).ResultsA total of 78 fetuses with CHD (group A 30; group B 48) and 80 matched controls form uncomplicated pregnancies were considered. CHD fetuses have significantly smaller CC, CV, SF, and POF and bigger insula when compared to control fetuses. These differences are more marked in group B fetuses. These differences remained significant after correction for HC values.ConclusionFetuses with CHD have an impaired cortical development and these variations are more evident in those with a predicted lower oxygen delivery to the brain.
Dietary yolk supplementation decreases rates of yolk deposition in Japanese quail
Authors: Navara Kristen J. , Graden Kylie , Mendonça Mary T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeneration of egg yolk by birds requires the synthesis and deposition of large amounts of protein and lipid, and is often accompanied by the incorporation of additional physiological mediators. While there has been much work examining the relative quantities of yolk components, as well as potential adaptive patterns of their allocation, we still do not have a full understanding of what controls yolk formation and composition. Once ovarian follicles are recruited into the preovulatory hierarchy, the yolk is deposited in concentric rings, with one ring deposited per day. Previous studies have shown that there is substantial interspecific and intraspecific variation in the number of rings in yolks, and thus the number of days it took those yolks to grow. We hypothesized that the ability to grow follicles to maturity quickly is limited by the availability of materials to make yolk precursors in the female, either in body reserves or in dietary access. To test this, we supplemented the diets of Japanese quail with hard‐boiled chicken yolk and examined the influences of treatment and female body condition on follicle growth rates. Contrary to predictions, females with higher body condition indices produced yolks that grew more slowly, and yolks from supplemented birds grew more slowly than controls. These results indicate that females can modulate the rate of yolk incorporation into developing follicles, and that an energy balance that is too high may not be optimal for the fast growth of developing ovarian follicles.
Looking guilty: Handcuffing suspects influences judgements of deception
Authors: Zloteanu Mircea , Salman Nadine L. , Krumhuber Eva G. , Richardson Daniel C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVeracity judgements are important in legal and investigative contexts. However, people are poor judges of deception, often relying on incorrect behavioural cues when these may reflect the situation more than the sender's internal state. We investigated one such situational factor relevant to forensic contexts: handcuffing suspects. Judges—police officers (n = 23) and laypersons (n = 83)—assessed recordings of suspects, providing truthful and deceptive responses in an interrogation setting where half were handcuffed. Handcuffing was predicted to undermine efforts to judge veracity by constraining suspects' gesticulation and by priming stereotypes of criminality. It was found that both laypersons and police officers were worse at detecting deception when judging handcuffed suspects compared to non‐handcuffed suspects, while not affecting their judgement bias; police officers were also overconfident in their judgements. The findings suggest that handcuffing can negatively impact veracity judgements, highlighting the need for research on situational factors to better inform forensic practice.
A potential association between obesity and reduced effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced neutralizing humoral immunity
Authors: Faizo Arwa A. , Qashqari Fadi S. , El‐Kafrawy Sherif A. , Barasheed Osamah , Almashjary Majed N. , Alfelali Mohammed , Bawazir Asma A. , Albarakati Boshra M. , Khayyat Soud A. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Azhar Esam I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the adverse effects of obesity on host immunity, this study investigated the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx‐nCov‐2019, and mRNA‐1273) in inducing anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) neutralizing antibodies among individuals with various obesity classes (class I, II, III, and super obesity). Sera from vaccinated obese individuals (n = 73) and normal BMI controls (n = 46) were subjected to S‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum‐neutralization test (SNT) to determine the prevalence and titer of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies. Nucleocapsid‐ELISA was also utilized to distinguish between immunity acquired via vaccination only versus vaccination plus recovery from infection. Data were linked to participant demographics including age, gender, past COVID‐19 diagnosis, and COVID‐19 vaccination profile. S‐based ELISA demonstrated high seroprevalence rates (>97%) in the study and control groups whether samples with evidence of past infection were included or excluded. Interestingly, however, SNT demonstrated a slightly significant reduction in both the rate and titer of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies among vaccinated obese individuals (60/73; 82.19%) compared to controls (45/46; 97.83%). The observed reduction in COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced neutralizing humoral immunity among obese individuals occurs independently of gender, recovery from past infection, and period from last vaccination. Our data suggest that COVID‐19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective humoral immunity. This effectiveness, however, is potentially reduced among obese individuals which highlight the importance of booster doses to improve their neutralizing immunity. Further investigations on larger sample size remain necessary to comprehensively conclude about the effect of obesity on COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness on humoral immunity induction.
Formation and physical stability of hazelnut oil nanoemulsions: Comparison of a synthetic surfactant and a natural emulsifier
Authors: Sahin Selvi Secil , Akpinar Ayse Nur , Gumus‐Bonacina Cansu Ekin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHazelnut oil is a significant edible oil with positive effects on human health. This study aimed to integrate hazelnut oil, which is known for its cardiovascular benefits, into nanoemulsion technology for the first time as an innovative conception, to maintain its stability against environmental conditions, and to benefit more by making it more bioaccessible. Polysorbate 80 and whey protein isolate (WPI) were used to stabilize the nanoemulsions. In this way, we aimed to show that WPI, a natural emulsifier, could be an alternative to the synthetic Polysorbate 80 emulsifier known for its high emulsification ability to stabilize hazelnut oil emulsions. The emulsions, formed by using a 2% (wt/wt) emulsifier and passed through a microfluidizer five times at 96.5 MPa pressure provided the small particle size (d32) as 296 ± 7.76 nm and 216 ± 1.78 nm for the WPI and Polysorbate 80‐stabilized samples, respectively. Polysorbate 80‐stabilized nanoemulsions were more physically stable under different pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions compared with WPI‐stabilized nanoemulsions. Finally, the fates of the emulsions were investigated under a simulated in vitro digestion system. The increase in droplet sizes during the gastric phase was to a higher extent for the WPI‐stabilized nanoemulsions (d32 = 5.500 ± 0.60 μm) compared with Polysorbate 80‐stabilized emulsions (d32 = 1.069 ± 0.09 μm). Although hazelnut nanoemulsions stabilized with Polysorbate 80 showed higher physical stability, it was determined that WPI would also be successful in producing stable hazelnut oil‐in‐water emulsions, exhibiting FFA (%) values of 88%–90.5% in the small intestine.
‘Belong anywhere’: Focusing on authenticity and the role of Airbnb in the projected destination image
Authors: Garay‐Tamajón Lluís Alfons , Morales‐Pérez Soledad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is little research that analyses the contribution of tourism‐related digital platforms, and particularly Airbnb, to the creation and projection of international destinations' images. This study seeks to address this gap by developing a content analysis of the Airbnb Guides to more than 500 global urban neighbourhoods (globalhoods). We analysed Airbnb users' descriptions posted in the period following the Great Recession up to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Content analysis shows how Airbnb projects the images of these globalhoods through a narrative based on creating a perception of authenticity but that finally projects a commodified image of destination identities and their communities.
Estimating soil salinity under sunflower cover in the Hetao Irrigation District based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing
Authors: Cui Xin , Han Wenting , Zhang Huihui , Cui Jiawei , Ma Weitong , Zhang Liyuan , Li Guang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil salinization is one of the important factors limiting the sustainable development of agriculture and causing land degradation. In order to explore the effect of growth stage division on the estimation accuracy of soil salt content (SSC) in fields cropped with sunflower, multiple time‐series unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to monitor SSC in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China. Aerial and field campaigns for four growth stages of sunflowers in six study areas were conducted from July to September in 2021. The ground samplings of electrical conductivity (EC), leaf area index (LAI), plant height (H), and leaf chlorophyll content (CHL) were taken simultaneously with (UAV) multispectral images. The correlation between six vegetation indices (VIs), four salinity indices (SIs), three crop parameters (LAI, CHL, H) and SSC was investigated. The optimal parameters were determined and used as input variables to establish SSC estimation model using artificial neural network (ANN), random Forest (RF), multiple linear regression (MLR) algorithm, respectively. The results show that the division of growth stages could improve the correlation between spectral index, growth parameters and SSC, and the estimation model by each growth stage was more accurate than that of the whole growth period. Among the spectral indices, the VIs showed a higher correlation with SSC than the SIs. Among the crop parameters, the LAI was the most sensitive to the degree of soil salinization. The nonlinear regression algorithm (ANN, RF) performed better than the linear regression model (MLR) in the application of SSC estimation, and the best estimation models for the four growth stages of sunflower were the ANN_SSC models. This study proposed a fast and low‐cost method to monitor the soil salinization of sunflower‐cropped fields in time‐series and provided a reference for the quick perception and prevention of soil salinization.
Facile, Direct, De Novo Synthesis of an Alkyl Phosphoric Acid‐Decorated Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Shengdong , Tang Xiaohui , Yang Kaijie , Chen Bin , Zhang Kun , Xu Hong , Wang Weitao , Zhang Gen , Gu Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development and understanding of proton conductors based on phosphoric acid are critical for the field of chemistry, biology, and energy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring highly crystalline structures and controllable pore sizes, are suitable for constructing phosphoric acid‐based proton conductors. However, because of tedious and intricate synthesis, how to develop COFs based on phosphoric acid remains a substantial challenge. Herein, a side‐chain decorated strategy is contributed to construct a phosphoric acid‐functionalized, imine‐linked COF by de novo synthesis. The phosphoric acid side chains with vigorous motion integrating with 1D nanochannels endow the resulting COF with intrinsic proton conductivity. This work expectantly provides a competitive alternative for producing phosphoric acid‐functionalized COFs with high intrinsic proton conductivity.
Diet Quality is Associated with Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Features in Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Xu Jipo , Liu Yesong , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a critical window for prevention by modifying lifestyle factors. However, there is limited knowledge on how diet quality is associated with prodromal PD symptoms in Asian populations.ObjectiveTo examine the association between overall diet quality and prodromal PD features.MethodsA total of 71,640 Chinese participants who were free of PD were included in this cross‐sectional study. Diet quality was assessed using the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI) and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED). Five prodromal features including probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), hyposmia, excessive daytime sleepiness, constipation, and depressive symptom were measured using validated questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for having a combination of prodromal PD symptoms (1 and 2+ symptoms vs. 0 symptoms), adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors, total energy intake, and other potential confounders.ResultsIn the multivariable‐adjusted model, the OR for having 2+ versus 0 prodromal PD features was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49, 0.85) comparing the highest versus the lowest mAHEI diet quality quartiles with a significant inverse trend (P‐trend = 0.003). For individual prodromal PD features, better diet quality, as assessed by the mAHEI, was associated with lower odds of having excessive daytime sleepiness and constipation (P‐trend < 0.05 for both). We observed a marginally significant association between aMED and prodromal PD features (adjusted OR comparing the extreme quartiles = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.98; P‐trend = 0.09).ConclusionBetter diet quality, as assessed by the mAHEI and the aMED, was associated with lower probability of having prodromal PD features in Chinese adults. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Betaine Ameliorates Acute Sever Ulcerative Colitis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Induced Inflammatory Pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Ling , Liu Dandan , Mao Mingli , Liu Wenjia , Wang Yajuan , Liang Yue , Cao Wenyu , Zhong Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

ScopeBetaine rich in beet is used as an important source of human nutrition. Here this study aims to explore whether betaine supplementation can protect against acute sever ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and the underlying mechanismMethods and resultsASUC model is induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and effects of betaine as a methyl donor on ASUC are evaluated. Betaine mitigates the changes, for example, elevated DAI, weight loss, spleen enlargement, colon shortening, and disordered colonic mucosa. The protective effects of betaine on colonic barrier integrity in ASUC are then verified through examining tight junction proteins by western blot and immunofluorescence. Spectrophotometry method and western blot confirm that betaine can decrease levels of oxidative markers (MDA, MPO, NOS, and COX2), and promote expressions of antioxidant proteins (GSH, NRF2, CAT, and SOD1). Further, betaine prevents colonic inflammatory pyroptosis by blocking expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome complex (NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved‐caspase 1), N terminal‐GSDMD, and release of relevant inflammatory factors.ConclusionBetaine inhibits colonic oxidative stress induced inflammatory pyroptosis to alleviate ASUC, which shows therapeutic potential against colitis and other acute inflammatory disorder.
Poly(lactic acid) composites with few layer graphene produced by noncovalent chemistry
Authors: Peixoto Tânia , Nunes Joana , Lopes Maria A. , Marinho Elina , Proença M. Fernanda , Lopes Paulo E. , Paiva Maria C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, significant attention has been given to “green” product innovation and related manufacturing processes. This work reports the preparation of few‐layer graphene (FLG) and respective PLA‐based composites by an eco‐friendly, efficient, and cost‐effective approach. FLG was produced in a scaled‐up process, based on the noncovalent functionalization of a micronized graphite with a pyrene derivate (PY), in aqueous solution. The exfoliation degree, morphology, and thermal stability of the exfoliated material were evaluated. Then, the influence of the pristine graphite and FLG on the morphology, crystallinity, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA composites produced by melt mixing is reported for the first time. The composites prepared with the lowest loading of 0.05 wt% demonstrated suitability for further processing for potential applications where product safety is crucial, such as in biomedicine.
Components of thermal protection mechanism of carbon/phenolic composites exposed to severe aerodynamic heat
Authors: Huang Jie , Guo Jin , Huang Haiming , Wang Qing , Li Weijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the thermal protection efficiency of carbon/phenolic (C/Ph) composites used as the heatshield of hypersonic vehicles, it is essential to find out the components of its thermal protection mechanism. In this study, a pyrolysis layer model considering pressure is established to simulate the percentages of heat dissipated by different thermal protection mechanisms. Numerical results reveal that the thermal protection mechanism of C/Ph composites mainly comprises of surface radiation, the heat absorbed by the heat capacity and thermal blockage effect (TBE) of pyrolysis gas, but the TBE weakens as heating time increases. Furthermore, the evolution laws of different thermal protection mechanisms of C/Ph composites with resin content are given. Based on the components of thermal protection mechanisms, both reducing the thermal conductivity of the resin matrix composites and increasing the material emissivity are effective approaches to enhancing the thermal protection efficiency of C/Ph composites exposed to severe aerodynamic heat.