bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weeks of life lost to COVID‐19, the case of the United States
Authors: Vu Manh Cuong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundYears of life lost (YLL) is a preferable indicator to assess the mortality impact of COVID‐19. This indicator still has limits, however. Therefore, a new approach and its early‐death weeks (eDW) index has been recently proposed to alter YLL. This study aims to add a new approach, the moving excess‐deficit mortality model, and its method, the weeks of life lost (WLL) index. The new method was then used to measure WLL associated with COVID‐19 in the United States (US).MethodsThe natural mortality law and the random pattern of spreading COVID‐19 were employed to support calculating WLL. The natural mortality law implied that under the same living conditions and the weaker would die earlier. The random spreading of COVID‐19 assumed that COVID‐19 causes the weekly number of early deaths in equal proportions from all of those who would have died eventually distributed through the pandemic.ResultsFrom Week 02 of 2020 to Week 44 of 2021, we found that the US population has lost 56,270,300 weeks to COVID‐19; the average WLL per COVID‐19‐related death is 74 or 1.4 in the unit of years.ConclusionsThe results do not depend on the high heterogeneity of deaths (e.g., age, gender, health status) and on whether COVID‐19 is the main cause of death. The moving excess‐deficit mortality model and WLL index can be applied promptly at any time and anywhere once excess deaths occurred during the pandemic. The index also provides critical insights into COVID‐19, which can support making public health policies and decisions.
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA LINC00638 inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Sun Yanqiu , Liu Jian , Wen Jianting , Huang Dan , Zhou Qin , Zhang Xianheng , Ding Xiang , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we intended to explore the expression of lncRNA LINC00638 in RA and its potential mechanism of action related to inflammation and oxidative stress.MethodsThe level of LINC00638 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 45 RA patients and 30 normal controls was analyzed and its correlation with clinical indicators was investigated. In vitro, we used tumor necrosis factor‐α to stimulate fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients for cell based experiments. Subsequently, the overexpressed plasmid and small interfering RNA of LINC00638 were designed. Furthermore, we further analyzed the potential effects of LINC00638 on the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS and the nuclear factor erythrocyte derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway.ResultsLINC00638 expression was found to be significantly decreased in PBMCs of RA patients, and it was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin (IL)‐17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disease activity scores for 28 joints (DAS28). Overexpression of LINC00638 activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, markedly decreased the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐23, ROS, as well as malondialdehyde, increased the total antioxidant capacity, and attenuated the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS, while silencing of LINC00638 reversed these manifestations.ConclusionsLINC00638 was found to be expressed at low levels in RA patients and was associated with immune inflammation, oxidative stress, and disease activity. Overexpression of LINC00638 can reduce the proliferation as well as migration of RA‐FLS, and activate the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress.
Antiviral activity of triptolide on herpes simplex virus in vitro
Authors: Aliabadi Nasrin , Jamalidoust Marzieh , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Ziyaeyan Atoosa , Ziyaeyan Mazyar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHerpes simplex virus‐type 1 (HSV‐1) can cause diseases, especially amongst neonates and immunocompromised hosts. Hence, developing a novel anti‐HSV‐1 drug with low‐level toxicity is vital. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide is a natural product with range of bioactivity qualities.MethodsIn this study, viral infection was assessed in different phases of the HSV‐1 replication cycle on A549 cells, using various assays, such as adsorption inhibition assay, penetration inhibition assay, time‐of‐addition assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsThe results indicate that TP can effectively inhibit HSV‐1 infection in the lowest range of concentration. TP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on HSV‐1 plaque formation, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.05 µM. Furthermore, the time‐of‐addition assay suggests that TP has viral inhibitory effects when it was added less than 8 h postinfection (h.p.i.). This result is further confirmed by decline in the expression viral immediate‐early genes (ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27) in 6 h.p.i in the TP‐treated group compared to the control group, evaluated by real‐time qPCR. The Western blotting result was also consistent with the previous findings, which confirms that TP can positively affect ICP4 during HSV‐1 infection.ConclusionsThe TP also showed antiviral activity against HSV‐1. This dose‐dependent activity is an indication of a particular cellular component, rather than cytotoxicity that has mediated its function. Finally, the result suggest a new approach for an effective treatment option of the HSV‐1 infections.
Risk factors for discontinuing oral immunotherapy in children with persistent cow milk allergy
Authors: Benelli Elisa , Trombetta Andrea , Badina Laura , Andrade Stefanny , Zamagni Giulia , Prisco Antonio , Traini Eugenio , Barbi Egidio , Berti Irene 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are no universally accepted criteria for discontinuing milk oral immunotherapy (MOIT) in patients with persistent cow milk allergy (CMA) and little data are available on predictive risk factors for dropping out from oral immunotherapy (OIT), due to allergic reactions or other reasons.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients with persistent severe CMA undergoing MOIT in a tertiary care center hospital to investigate risk factors associated with discontinuation of OIT. Persistent and severe allergy was defined as the history of systemic reactions and any milk protein‐specific IgE level >85 kU/ml. All patients were first admitted for an in‐hospital rush phase eventually followed by an at‐home dose increase. We evaluated the effect of various factors on two primary outcomes: the highest dose of milk ingested during the in‐hospital rush phase and during the home OIT phase.ResultsWe identified 391 patients, of whom 131 met the inclusion criteria for the retrospective study, 54 females and 77 males. Data of the home OIT phase were available for 104 patients (27%).Regarding the home OIT outcome, an association for having a cow milk avoiding diet was found with reaching a dose below 10 ml during the in‐hospital rush phase (relative risks [RR]: 2.33, confidence interval [CI]: 0.85; 6.42), an age above than 10 years from the time of admission (RR: 3.29, CI: 0.85; 12.73), and a higher total number of reactions occurred during the hospitalization (RR: 1.54, CI: 1.02; 2.32), whereas the presence of respiratory reactions with wheezing (RR: 1.93, CI: 0.49; 7.61) and an IM adrenaline use was related to a higher risk of having an OIT still in progress (RR: 5.47, CI: 0.33; 7.73).ConclusionsIn this cohort of children with persistent CMA undergoing OIT who presented with respiratory reactions with wheezing, the development of anaphylaxis with the need for IM adrenaline, and age above 10 years were predictors of poor long‐term outcome.
Family structure and delinquency: Antisocial cognition as a mediating mechanism
Authors: Walters Glenn D. , Runell Lindsey , Kremser Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the direct and indirect effects of family structure on future delinquency using cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity as mediators.MethodsEmploying a sample of 845 middle school students (406 boys, 439 girls), this study examined the effects of family structure on future delinquency and antisocial cognition as students progressed through the middle school years—that is, sixth through eighth grade.ResultsFamily structure, assessed as a three‐level variable (two‐parent home vs. stepparent/grandparent home vs. single‐parent home) or as a two‐level variable (two‐parent/stepparent home vs. other), predicted delinquency 2 years later. Adding antisocial cognition—cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity—to the model produced significant indirect effects in which both cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity mediated the family structure–delinquency relationship.ConclusionsBased on these results, it would appear that antisocial cognition plays a salient role in the association known to exist between family structure and later delinquency. The research and practical implications of these results include a call for greater use of a mediation methodology when studying the family structure–delinquency relationship and finding ways to assist families in creating control and moral values in their children.
Assessing image‐based sexual abuse: Measurement, prevalence, and temporal stability of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting (“revenge porn”) among adolescents
Authors: Gámez‐Guadix Manuel , Mateos‐Pérez Estibaliz , Wachs Sebastian , Wright Michelle , Martínez Jone , Íncera Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image‐based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1‐year period.MethodsThe sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self‐report instruments on image‐based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization).ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image‐based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was .26 for sextortion victimization, .19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization, .33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps < .001), and nonsignificant for sextortion perpetration. The stability of nonconsensual sexting victimization was significantly higher for girls compared to boys, whereas nonconsensual sexting perpetration was more stable over 1 year for boys.ConclusionsFuture studies must advance the analysis of the predictors and consequences of image‐based sexual abuse among adolescents to better prevent this problem. Prevalence of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting is not negligible, and these problems should be particularly addressed in prevention programs.
The effect of a bis‐structured Schiff base on apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage of breast cancer cells
Authors: Tülüce Yasin , Hussein Azhee Ibrahim , Koyuncu İsmail , Kiliç Ahmet , Durgun Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping new anticancer agents are crucial for cancer treatment. Antiproliferative activity of L1H as a bis‐structured Schiff base was subjected to preliminary research in eight different kinds of cell lines by the cell viability method using different concentrations to determine their inhibitory concentration. L1H demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. In this perspective, the MCF‐7 cell line was cultured for the examination of different molecular techniques, including MTT, apoptosis analysis by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and comet assay. Moreover, the DNA ladder, acridine orange/ethidium bromide as another apoptotic cell analysis, markers of oxidative stress, and total antioxidant status, total thiol, and GSH as nonenzymatic antioxidants assay were conducted. The above techniques have proven that L1H is a growth inhibitor effect when compared to cisplatin as a positive control in human breast cancer cells, especially those affected by L1H. The findings clearly show that L1H evaluated in MCF‐7 cell lines causes rising or induced apoptosis, DNA damage, diminished antioxidant status against the increase of oxidized protein, and prevents cell proliferation. Manifold evidence supported our hypothesis that L1H has a potential therapeutically improved effect against the MCF‐7 cell line, and then without a doubt is a suitable candidate drug for investigating cancers next.
Embedding in MDS codes and Latin cubes
Authors: Potapov Vladimir N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn embedding of a code is a mapping that preserves distances between codewords. We prove that any code with code distance and length can be embedded into an maximum distance separable (MDS) code with the same code distance and length but under a larger alphabet. As a corollary we obtain embeddings of systems of partial mutually orthogonal Latin cubes and ‐ary quasigroups.
Flexible list colorings in graphs with special degeneracy conditions
Authors: Bradshaw Peter , Masařík Tomáš , Stacho Ladislav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor a given , we say that a graph is ‐flexibly ‐choosable if the following holds: for any assignment of color lists of size on , if a preferred color from a list is requested at any set of vertices, then at least of these requests are satisfied by some ‐coloring. We consider the question of flexible choosability in several graph classes with certain degeneracy conditions. We characterize the graphs of maximum degree that are ‐flexibly ‐choosable for some , which answers a question of Dvořák Norin, and Postle [List coloring with requests, JGT 2019]. In particular, we show that for any , any graph of maximum degree that is not isomorphic to is ‐flexibly ‐choosable. Our fraction of is within a constant factor of being the best possible. We also show that graphs of treewidth 2 are ‐flexibly 3‐choosable, answering a question of Choi et al. [Flexibility of planar graphs‐sharpening the tools to get lists of size four, DAM 2022], and we give conditions for list assignments by which graphs of treewidth are ‐flexibly ‐choosable. We show furthermore that graphs of treedepth are ‐flexibly ‐choosable. Finally, we introduce a notion of flexible degeneracy, which strengthens flexible choosability, and we show that apart from a well‐understood class of exceptions, 3‐connected nonregular graphs of maximum degree are flexibly ‐degenerate.
Dynamic alterations of the mice gut virome after Coxsackievirus B3 infection
Authors: Bao Siwen , Wang Hao , Li Wang , Ji Likai , Wang Xiaochun , Shen Quan , Yang Shixing , Zhou Chenglin , Zhang Wen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiome plays an essential role in the human health and dysbiosis has been implicated in numerous diseases. Coxsackievirus B3 infects millions of humans yearly and yet limited research has explored dynamic alterations of the gut virome after infection. Here, we established the mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3 infection and collected fecal samples at several time points to investigate alterations of the gut virome using viral metagenomic analysis. We found that the mice virome was dominated by Caudovirales and Microviridae, and phylogenetic analyses showed that both Caudovirales and Microviridae had high diversity. The gut virome had significant variations with the increase of Caudovirales and the decrease of Microviridae after infection. We proposed that Caudovirales and Microviridae may be biomarkers for the Coxsackievirus infection process. This study provides a reference for the dynamic changes of the gut virome after human Enterovirus infection, which may help guide the rational drug use in clinical treatment and provide new ideas for preventing Enterovirus infection.
Rate constant and products of the reaction of O(3P) atoms with thiirane over the temperature range 220–950 K
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA discharge‐flow modulated molecular beam mass spectrometry technique has been used to determine the rate constant for the reaction of ground state oxygen atoms with C2H4S in the temperature range 220–950 K. The reaction rate constant has been determined directly by monitoring C2H4S in an excess of O atoms and through competitive reaction of oxygen atoms with C2H4S and Br2. Weak, negative temperature dependence is observed below 300 K, whereas positive temperature dependence is observed above 380 K: k = 1.13 × 10–12 (T/298)2.18 exp(733/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1. We estimate this expression to be accurate within 15% over the investigated temperature range. SO and C2H4 have been detected as reaction products and a branching ratio of unity (with uncertainty of 10%) has been found for the channel forming these two species in the temperature range 300–900 K, confirming that the title reaction is an efficient source of SO radicals.
Branching High‐Order Exceptional Points in Non‐Hermitian Optical Systems
Authors: Tschernig Konrad , Busch Kurt , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Perez‐Leija Armando 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExceptional points are complex‐valued spectral singularities that lead to a host of intriguing features such as loss‐induced transparency—a counterintuitive process in which an increase in the system's overall loss can lead to enhanced transmission. In general, the associated enhancements scale with the order of the exceptional points. Consequently, it is of great interest to devise new strategies to implement realistic devices capable of exhibiting high‐order exceptional points. Here, it is shown that high‐order ‐photon exceptional points can be generated by exciting non‐Hermitian waveguide arrangements with coherent light states. Using photon‐number resolving detectors it then becomes possible to observe ‐photon enhanced loss‐induced transparency in the quantum realm. Further, it is analytically shown that the number‐resolved dynamics occurring in the same nonconservative waveguide arrays will exhibit eigenspectral ramifications having several exceptional points associated to different sets of eigenmodes and dissipation rates.
Highly Stretchable and Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Resistive Strain Sensors
Authors: Chen Ke , Ren Quanbin , Li Chunxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConductive organic materials are a crucial component of resistive strain sensors because phase separation limits the concentration of inorganic materials in polymer matrices, leading to poor electrical conductivity. However, traditional conductive polymers are not good candidates for use in flexible electric devices due to their low or ultralow sensitivity and stretchability. In this paper, the development of transparent, highly stretchable polymer electrodes by a one‐step solution process is reported. The polymer electrodes tolerate extreme strains exceeding 150% and feature an ionic conductivity of 1.4 × 10−4 S cm−1. These metal‐free electrodes also exhibit a high optical transparency of 60%, suggesting that they have great potential for optoelectronic applications. Strain sensors are fabricated by covering the conductive polymer electrodes with polyimide film in a simple, low‐cost, and scalable process. The as‐assembled strain sensors can be used for both stretching and compressing with high sensitivity (a maximum gauge factor of 1049.9), an ultralow limit of detection (0.5% strain), and excellent reliability and stability (>5000 stretching cycles).
The Role of Denture Adhesives on the Oral Health of Partial Denture Wearers: A Numerical Study
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anantha Narayanan , Röhrle Oliver , Ludtka Christopher , Köhler Josephine , Kiesow Andreas , Schwan Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRemovable partial dentures (RPDs) significantly influence the mechanical stress characteristics of the entire dental arch. Unlike normal teeth, they are not anchored firmly in the jaws and hence are prone to denture slippage. The aim of this study is to examine numerically using finite element (FE) method, the role of denture adhesive creams in the stress response of the dental structures, and to understand its impact on the oral health of denture wearers. For this purpose, computer tomography data of the jawbone and RPDs are utilized to develop corresponding 3D models, which are further used for FE simulations. The partial denture system is bonded onto the surface of the oral mucosa with the help of a viscoelastic adhesive layer and is also supported by three abutment teeth. The application of bite forces on the denture generates varying contact mechanical response to the stimulus, across the partial denture, which are compared with the clinical pressure pain threshold (PPT) value for soft tissue, which potentially lowers the risk of pain. The model with the denture adhesive shows better retention and are within the PPT and hence can potentially lower the risks associated with denture slippage.
Surface Modification of Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Nanocellulose Composites for Hydrophobic Self‐Cleaning Solar Panel Cover
Authors: Khadka Nishan , Acharya Rabindra , Parajuli Sulav , Sapkota Pritam , Giri Jyoti , Adhikari Rameshwar , Neupane Sanjaya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites are studied as a green alternative to counteract solar panel soiling. CNC synthesized from acid hydrolysis is blended with PVA, and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is blended with powdered silica (SiO2) for surface modification to produce a transparent, hydrophobic, and durable film. The objective is to test the composite film for transparency, hydrophobicity, and durability to determine its suitability as a self‐cleaning solar panel cover. The composite film exhibits an average transmittance of 93% of the incident light in the solar photo‐voltaic working spectra (420–700 nm). Results show an average water contact angle (WCA) of 87.25°, and when subjected to photocatalytic and hydrolytic decay, the film shows minimal changes in the characteristic peaks of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) plot of PVA/CNC, confirming its durability. The study points out the prospect of PVA/CNC with PBT/SiO2 film as a transparent, hydrophobic, durable self‐cleaning covers against solar soiling and warranted further research to make suitable properties.