bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Ototopical Ciprofloxacin in Pediatric Patients with Otorrhea
Authors: Wintermeyer Susan M. , Hart Mary C. , Nahata Milap C. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical ciprofloxacin in patients with recurrent otorrhea that was unresponsive to other antibiotics.METHODSPediatric patients with otorrhea and confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ear fluid were enrolled. Topical ciprofloxacin, three drops three times daily for 14 days, was prescribed with aural care. Efficacy and safety were evaluated on days 7 and 14. A phone follow‐up was conducted monthly thereafter for 8.6 months.RESULTSTwenty‐nine pediatric patients were enrolled. On day 14, 18 were cured, 8 were improved, 2 were changed to an alternate therapy and cured, and 1 showed no improvement, perhaps due to a small external ear canal. Two additional patients were cured at day 21. None of the patients reported any adverse effects. Twelve patients had no recurrence at 3 to 15 months after the study.CONCLUSIONThe use of topical ciprofloxacin in pediatric patients was curative in nearly 70% of patients with otorrhea associated with P. aeruginosa who were previously unresponsive to other antimicrobials. No adverse reactions were reported in the study population.
Diagnosing and Treating Pediatric Allergy
Authors: Cook Paul R. , Herr Timothy M. , Highfill Gary 
Published: September 2022

Allergy is a significant problem in as much as 60% of patients seeking care at an otolaryngologist's office. This raises the issue of the most effective means of diagnosing allergy, especially in pediatric patients, who often may not tolerate skin testing. The RAST and CAP (Pharmacia) tests have been shown to be quite comparable with skin testing in diagnosing allergy. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of treatment of children with allergies who had undergone in vitro testing. This was done by obtaining subjective symptom scores both before and after treatment. These were obtained from patients with different in vitro results, including some with negative testing. Overall, 77 of 155 mailed questionnaires were returned. Results showed overall improvement of 38.81 points in 12 symptoms (p = 0.001; n = 62). Each symptom was rated on a visual scale of 1 to 10. A small portion of the patient population received surgical treatment (tympanostomy tube placement with or without adenoidectomy) in addition to medical treatment and avoidance. These patients did not have significantly higher pretreatment scores and did not have a higher improvement rate for all symptoms. We believe this study shows the validity of in vitro testing and treatment of allergy in children.
Introduction: the issue of duplicates
Authors: Heumann Ina , MacKinney Anne Greenwood , Buschmann Rainer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe permanent preservation of objects in global custodianship is a captivating ideal that informs countless museums’ corporate identities and governs collection guidelines as well as politics. Recent research has challenged the alleged perpetuity of collections and collected items, revealing their coherence as fragile and dependent on historically, politically and culturally specific conditions. Duplicates offer an instructive point of entry to explore the idea of collection permanence, museum politics, and the mobility of museum objects. The history of duplicates, moreover, comprises a constellation of practises, concepts and debates that can be found in various forms throughout the intertwined histories of natural-scientific, ethnographic and artistic collections. This history, however, has rarely been questioned or explored. By introducing the issue of duplicates, this paper opens up a discussion that not only connects different forms of collections, but also situates the history of collecting institutions across the disciplinary spectrum within broader political, economic and epistemic frameworks.
ΤΙΘΑΙΒΩΣΣΟΥΣΙ ΜΕΛΙΣΣΑΙ (HOMER,ODYSSEY13.106)
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the verbτιθαιβώσσω, a Homeric hapax legomenon of unknown meaning and etymology: it reviews its use in Hellenistic poetry and strives to provide a contextually plausible meaning for the verb (‘to sting’), as well as for the related adjectiveθιβρός(‘stinging, mordant, piquant’). It argues thatτιθαιβώσσωis etymologically related to Latinfīgere‘insert, pierce’,fībula‘pin’, Lithuaniandíegti‘to poke, sting’, and Tocharian Btsākā- ‘to bite’.
Aerodynamic analysis for a bat-like robot with a deformable flexible wing
Authors: Duan Bosong , Guo Chuangqiang , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the efficient and flexible flight ability of bats, bat-like robots have become the focus of research in the field of bionic robots. Aerodynamic calculation is an important part of the research field of bat-like robot, which is the basis of the structure design and flight controller design of bat-like robot. However, due to the complex flight mechanism of bats, there is no mature theoretical method to calculate the flight aerodynamic force of bat-like robots. To solve this problem, this paper takes the membrane of a bat-like robot as the research object and analyzes in detail the effects of wing folding and unfolding and flexible deformation of the membrane on the chord length, passive torsion angle and relative velocity. Based on quasi-steady state model and blade element method, a set of aerodynamic calculation method for flexible deformed wing is established. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the theoretical calculation results and the results of the fluid-structure interaction simulation are compared and analyzed under various working conditions. The two results are in good agreement under each working condition, and the errors are all within reasonable range, which proves the effectiveness of the method. This study can provide a theoretical basis for rational structure design and precise flight control of bat-like robot.
Seamless and intuitive control of a powered prosthetic leg using deep neural network for transfemoral amputees
Authors: Kim Minjae , Simon Ann M. , Hargrove Levi J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Powered prosthetic legs are becoming a promising option for amputee patients. However, developing safe, robust, and intuitive control strategies for powered legs remains one of the greatest challenges. Although a variety of control strategies have been proposed, creating and fine-tuning the system parameters is time-intensive and complicated when more activities need to be restored. In this study, we developed a deep neural network (DNN) model that facilitates seamless and intuitive gait generation and transitions across five ambulation modes: level-ground walking, ascending/descending ramps, and ascending/descending stairs. The combination of latent and time sequence features generated the desired impedance parameters within the ambulation modes and allowed seamless transitions between ambulation modes. The model was applied to the open-source bionic leg and tested on unilateral transfemoral users. It achieved the overall coefficient of determination of 0.72 with the state machine-based impedance parameters in the offline testing session. In addition, users were able to perform in-laboratory ambulation modes with an overall success rate of 96% during the online testing session. The results indicate that the DNN model is a promising candidate for subject-independent and tuning-free prosthetic leg control for transfemoral amputees.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet versus a mixed human milk + bovine milk-based diet: a multi-center study
Authors: Hair Amy B. , Patel Aloka L. , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Kim Jae H. , Schanler Richard J. , Hawthorne Keli M. , Itriago Elena , Abrams Steven A. , Blanco Cynthia L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this multi-center study was to compare, in infants ≤1250 g birth weight (BW) with neurodevelopmental assessment at 18–22 months of corrected age (CA), whether their neurodevelopmental outcomes differed based on exposure to an exclusive human milk-based (HUM) or to a bovine milk-based fortifier and/or preterm formula (BOV).

Study Design
Retrospective multi-center cohort study of infants undergoing neurodevelopmental assessment as to whether HUM or BOV exposure related to differences in outcomes of infants at 18–22 months CA, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III). BSID-III cognitive, language, and motor scores were adjusted for BW, sex, study site, and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Results
252 infants from 6 centers were included. BSID-III cognitive scores were higher in the HUM group (96.5 ± 15.1 vs 89.6 ± 14.1, adjusted p = 0.0001). Mean BSID-III language scores were 85.5 ± 15.0 in HUM and 82.2 ± 14.1 in BOV (adjusted p = 0.09). Mean BSID-III motor scores were 92.9 ± 11.7 in HUM and 91.4 ± 14.6 in BOV (adjusted p = 0.32).

Conclusion
In this cohort of infants undergoing neurodevelopmental assessment, infants receiving HUM diet had significantly higher cognitive BSID-III scores at 18–22 months CA. Further investigation is needed of this potential for HUM to positively influence infant cognitive outcomes.
Influence of protocol scan on choroidal vascularity measurements: a spectralis optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Iovino Claudio , Melillo Paolo , Capriuoli Paolo , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Testa Francesco , Chhablani Jay , Simonelli Francesca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To compare choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measurements using the automated image binarization algorithm in healthy subjects with two Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) protocol scans.

Methods
Sixty-nine eyes of 69 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional prospective study. Two subsequent horizontal 20°line scans passing through the fovea were acquired with enhanced-depth imaging mode with high speed (HS) and high resolution (HR) protocol scans. CVI and its subcomponents were measured with the previously validated automated algorithm. Differences between choroidal measurements obtained with HS and HR protocol scans were evaluated with t-test and Bland & Altman plots.

Results
A total of 33 male (47.8%) and 36 female (52.2%) subjects with a mean age of 35.1 ± 13.4 years were included. Overall, HS protocol scan was associated with significant lower values of total choroidal area (−0.047 mm2) and stromal choroidal area (−0.036 mm2), and a significant greater value of CVI (+0.010%) if compared to HR protocol. Luminal choroidal area was lower when calculated with the HS protocol, although it did not reach significance. To compare the two different protocols, the number of pixels should be multiplied for 3.87 ×5.73 when the CVI is measured on a HR OCT b scan and 3.87 ×11.46 for the HS OCT b scan.

Conclusions
HS and HR acquisition modes significantly influence CVI and its subcomponents values measured with the automated software. However, adopting the scale factors can minimize the differences between the two protocol scans.
Activation of the human insulin receptor by non-insulin-related peptides
Authors: Kirk Nicholas S. , Chen Qi , Wu Yingzhe Ginger , Asante Anastasia L. , Hu Haitao , Espinosa Juan F. , Martínez-Olid Francisco , Margetts Mai B. , Mohammed Faiz A. , Kiselyov Vladislav V. , Barrett David G. , Lawrence Michael C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human insulin receptor signalling system plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis. Insulin binding brings about extensive conformational change in the receptor extracellular region that in turn effects trans-activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains and downstream signalling. Of particular therapeutic interest is whether insulin receptor signalling can be replicated by molecules other than insulin. Here, we present single-particle cryoEM structures that show how a 33-mer polypeptide unrelated to insulin can cross-link two sites on the receptor surface and direct the receptor into a signalling-active conformation. The 33-mer polypeptide engages the receptor by two helical binding motifs that are each potentially mimicable by small molecules. The resultant conformation of the receptor is distinct from—but related to—those in extant three-dimensional structures of the insulin-complexed receptor. Our findings thus illuminate unexplored pathways for controlling the signalling of the insulin receptor as well as opportunities for development of insulin mimetics.
Lesion environments direct transplanted neural progenitors towards a wound repair astroglial phenotype in mice
Authors: O’Shea T. M. , Ao Y. , Wang S. , Wollenberg A. L. , Kim J. H. , Ramos Espinoza R. A. , Czechanski A. , Reinholdt L. G. , Deming T. J. , Sofroniew M. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeural progenitor cells (NPC) represent potential cell transplantation therapies for CNS injuries. To understand how lesion environments influence transplanted NPC fate in vivo, we derived NPC expressing a ribosomal protein-hemagglutinin tag (RiboTag) for transcriptional profiling of transplanted NPC. Here, we show that NPC grafted into uninjured mouse CNS generate cells that are transcriptionally similar to healthy astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineages. In striking contrast, NPC transplanted into subacute CNS lesions after stroke or spinal cord injury in mice generate cells that share transcriptional, morphological and functional features with newly proliferated host astroglia that restrict inflammation and fibrosis and isolate lesions from adjacent viable neural tissue. Our findings reveal overlapping differentiation potentials of grafted NPC and proliferating host astrocytes; and show that in the absence of other interventions, non-cell autonomous cues in subacute CNS lesions direct the differentiation of grafted NPC towards a naturally occurring wound repair astroglial phenotype.
The transcriptional coactivator RUVBL2 regulates Pol II clustering with diverse transcription factors
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Boyuan , Zuo Linyu , Wang Bo , Yan Yan , Tian Kai , Zhou Rong , Wang Chenlu , Chen Xizi , Jiang Yongpeng , Zheng Haonan , Qin Fangfei , Zhang Bin , Yu Yang , Liu Chao-Pei , Xu Yanhui , Gao Juntao , Qi Zhi , Deng Wulan , Ji Xiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRNA polymerase II (Pol II) apparatuses are compartmentalized into transcriptional clusters. Whether protein factors control these clusters remains unknown. In this study, we find that theATPase-associated with diverse cellularactivities (AAA + ) ATPase RUVBL2 co-occupies promoters with Pol II and various transcription factors. RUVBL2 interacts with unphosphorylated Pol II in chromatin to promote RPB1 carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) clustering and transcription initiation. Rapid depletion of RUVBL2 leads to a decrease in the number of Pol II clusters and inhibits nascent RNA synthesis, and tethering RUVBL2 to an active promoter enhances Pol II clustering at the promoter. We also identify target genes that are directly linked to the RUVBL2-Pol II axis. Many of these genes are hallmarks of cancers and encode proteins with diverse cellular functions. Our results demonstrate an emerging activity for RUVBL2 in regulating Pol II cluster formation in the nucleus.
Understanding water transport through graphene-based nanochannels via experimental control of slip length
Authors: Wen Xinyue , Foller Tobias , Jin Xiaoheng , Musso Tiziana , Kumar Priyank , Joshi Rakesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe water transport along graphene-based nanochannels has gained significant interest. However, experimental access to the influence of defects and impurities on transport poses a critical knowledge gap. Here, we investigate the water transport of cation intercalated graphene oxide membranes. The cations act as water-attracting impurities on the channel walls. Via water transport experiments, we show that the slip length of the nanochannels decay exponentially with the hydrated diameter of the intercalated cations, confirming that water transport is governed by the interaction between water molecules and the impurities on the channel wall. The exponential decay of slip length approximates non-slip conditions. This offers experimental support for the use of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation in graphene-based nanochannels, which was previously only confirmed by simulations. Our study gives valuable feedback to theoretical predictions of the water transport along graphene-based channels with water-attracting impurities.
Functional connectivity of the cortico-subcortical sensorimotor loop is modulated by the severity of nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Quarantelli Mario , Quattrone Andrea , Sarica Alessia , Cicone Francesco , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo assess if the severity of nigrostriatal innervation loss affects the functional connectivity (FC) of the sensorimotor cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical loop (CSTCL) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Resting-State functional MRI and 18F-DOPA PET data, simultaneously acquired on a hybrid PET/MRI scanner, were retrospectively analyzed in 39 PD and 16 essential tremor patients. Correlations between posterior Putamen DOPA Uptake (pPDU) and the FC of the main CSTCL hubs were assessed separately in the two groups, analyzing the differences between the two groups by a group-by-pPDU interaction analysis of the resulting clusters’ FC. Unlike in essential tremor, in PD patients pPDU correlated inversely with the FC of the thalamus with the sensorimotor cortices, and of the postcentral gyrus with the dorsal cerebellum, and directly with the FC of pre- and post-central gyri with both the superior and middle temporal gyri and the paracentral lobule, and of the caudate with the superior parietal cortex. The interaction analysis confirmed the significance of the difference between the two groups in these correlations. In PD patients, the post-central cortex FC, in the clusters correlating directly with pPDU, negatively correlated with both UPDRS motor examination score and Hoehn and Yahr stage, independent of the pPDU, suggesting that these FC changes contribute to motor impairment. In PD, nigrostriatal innervation loss correlates with a decrease in the FC within the sensorimotor network and between the sensorimotor network and the superior temporal cortices, possibly contributing to motor impairment, and with a strengthening of the thalamo-cortical FC, that may represent ineffective compensatory phenomena.
Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths
Authors: Tran Minh A. , Zhang Chong , Morin Theodore J. , Chang Lin , Barik Sabyasachi , Yuan Zhiquan , Lee Woonghee , Kim Glenn , Malik Aditya , Zhang Zeyu , Guo Joel , Wang Heming , Shen Boqiang , Wu Lue , Vahala Kerry , Bowers John E. , Park Hyundai , Komljenovic Tin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegrated photonics has profoundly affected a wide range of technologies underpinning modern society1–4. The ability to fabricate a complete optical system on a chip offers unrivalled scalability, weight, cost and power efficiency5,6. Over the last decade, the progression from pure III–V materials platforms to silicon photonics has significantly broadened the scope of integrated photonics, by combining integrated lasers with the high-volume, advanced fabrication capabilities of the commercial electronics industry7,8. Yet, despite remarkable manufacturing advantages, reliance on silicon-based waveguides currently limits the spectral window available to photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Here, we present a new generation of integrated photonics by directly uniting III–V materials with silicon nitride waveguides on Si wafers. Using this technology, we present a fully integrated PIC at photon energies greater than the bandgap of silicon, demonstrating essential photonic building blocks, including lasers, amplifiers, photodetectors, modulators and passives, all operating at submicrometre wavelengths. Using this platform, we achieve unprecedented coherence and tunability in an integrated laser at short wavelength. Furthermore, by making use of this higher photon energy, we demonstrate superb high-temperature performance and kHz-level fundamental linewidths at elevated temperatures. Given the many potential applications at short wavelengths, the success of this integration strategy unlocks a broad range of new integrated photonics applications.
PD-1-cis IL-2R agonism yields better effectors from stem-like CD8+ T cells
Authors: Codarri Deak Laura , Nicolini Valeria , Hashimoto Masao , Karagianni Maria , Schwalie Petra C. , Lauener Laura , Varypataki Eleni Maria , Richard Marine , Bommer Esther , Sam Johannes , Joller Stefanie , Perro Mario , Cremasco Floriana , Kunz Leo , Yanguez Emilio , Hüsser Tamara , Schlenker Ramona , Mariani Marisa , Tosevski Vinko , Herter Sylvia , Bacac Marina , Waldhauer Inja , Colombetti Sara , Gueripel Xavier , Wullschleger Stephan , Tichet Melanie , Hanahan Douglas , Kissick Haydn T. , Leclair Stephane , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Seeber Stefan , Teichgräber Volker , Ahmed Rafi , Klein Christian , Umaña Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExpansion and differentiation of antigen-experienced PD-1+TCF-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells into effector cells is critical for the success of immunotherapies based on PD-1 blockade1–4. Hashimoto et al. have shown that, in chronic infections, administration of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 triggers an alternative differentiation path of stem-like T cells towards a distinct population of ‘better effector’ CD8+ T cells similar to those generated in an acute infection5. IL-2 binding to the IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) was essential in triggering this alternative differentiation path and expanding better effectors with distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles. However, constitutive expression of CD25 on regulatory T cells and some endothelial cells also contributes to unwanted systemic effects from IL-2 therapy. Therefore, engineered IL-2 receptor β- and γ-chain (IL-2Rβγ)-biased agonists are currently being developed6–10. Here we show that IL-2Rβγ-biased agonists are unable to preferentially expand better effector T cells in cancer models and describe PD1-IL2v, a new immunocytokine that overcomes the need for CD25 binding by docking in cis to PD-1. Cis binding of PD1-IL2v to PD-1 and IL-2Rβγ on the same cell recovers the ability to differentiate stem-like CD8+ T cells into better effectors in the absence of CD25 binding in both chronic infection and cancer models and provides superior efficacy. By contrast, PD-1- or PD-L1-blocking antibodies alone, or their combination with clinically relevant doses of non-PD-1-targeted IL2v, cannot expand this unique subset of better effector T cells and instead lead to the accumulation of terminally differentiated, exhausted T cells. These findings provide the basis for the development of a new generation of PD-1 cis-targeted IL-2R agonists with enhanced therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and chronic infections.