bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Forsythia plants expressing sesame cytochrome P450 produce beneficial lignans
Authors: Koyama Tomotsugu , Matsumoto Erika , Okuda Toshimi , Murata Jun , Horikawa Manabu , Hata Naoki , Okazawa Atsushi , Ono Eiichiro , Satake Honoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLignans are widely distributed plant secondary metabolites that have received attention for their benefits to human health. Sesamin is a furofran lignan that is conventionally extracted from Sesamum seeds and shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the human liver. Sesamin is biosynthesized by the Sesamum-specific enzyme CYP81Q1, and the natural sources of sesamin are annual plants that are at risk from climate change. In contrast, Forsythia species are widely distributed perennial woody plants that highly accumulate the precursor lignan pinoresinol. To sustainably supply sesamin, we developed a transformation method for Forsythia leaf explants and generated transgenic Forsythia plants that heterologously expressed the CYP81Q1 gene. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-mass spectrometry analyses detected sesamin and its intermediate piperitol in the leaves of two independent transgenic lines of F. intermedia and F. koreana. We also detected the accumulation of sesamin and piperitol in their vegetatively propagated descendants, demonstrating the stable and efficient production of these lignans. These results indicate that CYP81Q1-transgenic Forsythia plants are promising prototypes to produce diverse lignans and provide an important strategy for the cost-effective and scalable production of lignans.
Pile caps with inclined shear reinforcement and steel fibers
Authors: Nzambi Aaron , Gomes Lana , Amanajás Cledinei , Silva Francisco , Oliveira Dênio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis experimental investigation presents results and a discussion on a series of four reinforced concrete pile caps with and without steel fibers, measuring 400 × 400 × 1000 mm3, which were tested under concentric loading. The study set the steel fiber and the inclined shear reinforcement as variables. The fiber volume fraction was 1.5%, and the concrete compressive strength was 25 MPa. The results showed a tendency to increase ductility and ultimate strength with the use of inclined shear reinforcement; the same behavior was observed with the addition of steel fibers, improving the performance of the tested pile caps. This study opens the possibility of designing slender pile caps, especially when associated with both analyzed parameters.
Maternal Morbidity in the Second Stage of Labor: Analysis to Simulate the Clinical Choice
Authors: Little Sarah E. , Clapp Mark A. , Lassey Sarah , Bukowski Radek , Barth William H. , Robinson Julian 
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to analyze maternal morbidity in the second stage of labor in a manner that approximates clinical choice.
Study Design The study design comprises secondary analysis of the Consortium for Safe Labor, which included 228,688 deliveries at 19 hospitals between 2002 and 2008. We included the 107,675 women who were undergoing a trial of labor without a prior uterine scar or history of substance abuse, who reached the second stage, with a liveborn, nonanomalous, vertex, singleton, at term of at least 2,500 g. Maternal complications included postpartum fever, hemorrhage, blood transfusion, thrombosis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hysterectomy, and death. For maternal complications, we simulated the clinical choice by comparing operative vaginal or cesarean deliveries to continued expectant management at every hour in the second stage. For neonatal complications, we modeled the risk of severe neonatal complication by second stage duration for spontaneous vaginal deliveries only, adjusting for maternal demographics, comorbidities, and delivery hospital. Severe neonatal complications included death, asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), seizure, sepsis with prolonged stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and 5-minute Apgar score <4.
Results Maternal morbidity was higher with operative vaginal/cesarean delivery versus continued expectant management for every hour in the second stage, a difference that was statistically significant at hour 2 (18.4 vs. 14.7%; p <0.01). Overall, 951 (0.88%) deliveries were complicated by a severe neonatal complication. A second stage over 4 hours was associated with an adjusted odds of severe neonatal complication of 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–3.34) as compared with women who delivered in the first hour.
Conclusion There is a trade-off between maternal and neonatal morbidity in the second stage of labor. Serious neonatal complications rise throughout, however, there is no time at which maternal morbidity is improved with a cesarean or operative vaginal delivery. Strategies are needed to identify neonates at highest risk of complication for targeted intervention.
Key Points
Concept, design, and measurement methodology of a highly dynamic thin film dryer for experimental in situ drying manipulation
Authors: Schugmann Martin , Foerst Petra 
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the technical setup and validation of a thin film drying device in which the conditions such as air temperature, relative humidity, and velocity can be controlled in the range of 20–200 °C, 0–1.5 m s−1, and vapor mass flows up to 1200 g min−1. For the first time, it is possible to perform in situ manipulation of the drying kinetic in a highly dynamic manner. The setup allows for a precise online determination of drying and rehydration kinetics; the recording of relevant process parameters such as air humidity, air and surface temperature; and the monitoring of optically observable material properties. The concept for rapid real-time changes in drying conditions is explained, and the constructive details are elucidated. Highly precise gravimetry by a proposed measurement methodology and simultaneously avoiding condensation during rapid parameter changes is accomplished. This is achieved by the combination of minimized thermal inertia of the system, air conditioning via carrier gas-free evaporation, and a highly responsive active insulation. The influence on the drying kinetics by temperature, humidity, and air velocity is shown with experiments on aqueous maltose solution, and the experimental precision is validated. The validation showed a high grade of accuracy regarding gravimetric determination with a maximum observed mass difference of 0.21% referring to the dried product. The dynamics of the setup under in situ changes in drying conditions is exemplified by further experiments. In addition, the presented setup for the first time enables the real time manipulation and observation of kinetically coupled processes such as crystallization behavior, morphology formation, or material degradation during drying. Therefore, it has important practical value for the development of efficient and energy-saving drying methods and products with specific, tailor-made properties.
Isochronous mass spectrometry in an electrostatic storage ring
Authors: Grieser Manfred , Schmidt Viviane C. , Blaum Klaus , Grussie Florian , von Hahn Robert , Kálosi Ábel , Kreckel Holger , Müll Damian , Novotný Oldřich , Nuesslein Felix , Wolf Andreas 
Published: June 2022

For sensitive studies of molecular ions in electrostatic storage rings, the exact knowledge of the isobaric composition of stored beams from a variety of ion sources is essential. Conventional mass-filtering techniques are often inefficient to resolve the beam components. Here, we report the first isochronous mass spectrometry in an electrostatic storage ring, which offers a high mass resolution of Δm/m &lt; 1 × 10−5 even for heavy molecular species with m &gt; 100 u and uncooled ion beams. Mass contaminations can be resolved and identified at relative fractions down to 0.02%.
Automated calibration of model-driven reconstructions in atom probe tomography
Authors: Fletcher Charles , Moody Michael P , Fleischmann Claudia , Dialameh Masoud , Porret Clement , Geiser Brian , Haley Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Traditional reconstruction protocols in atom probe tomography frequently feature image distortions for multiphase materials, due to inaccurate geometric assumptions regarding specimen evolution. In this work, the authors’ outline a new reconstruction protocol capable of correcting for many of these distortions. This new method uses predictions from a previously developed physical model for specimen field evaporation. The application of this new model-driven approach to both an experimental semiconductor multilayer system and a fin field-effect transistor device (finFET) is considered. In both systems, a significant reduction in multiphase image distortions when using this new algorithm is clearly demonstrated. By being able to quantitatively compare model predictions with experiment, such a method could also be applied to testing and validating new developments in field evaporation theory.
Investigation of a vertical 2D/3D semiconductor heterostructure based on GaSe and Ga2O3
Authors: Sorifi Sahin , Kaushik Shuchi , Sheoran Hardhyan , Singh Rajendra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mixed-dimensional heterostructures are emerging to be very promising for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a 2D/3D vertical van der Waals p–n heterojunction based on p-type gallium selenide (GaSe) and n-type gallium oxide (

G

a

2

O

3

). Kelvin Probe Force Microscopic (KPFM) measurements have been conducted to estimate the difference in the surface potential values between GaSe and

G

a

2

O

3

, which is further used to find out the conduction band offset value at the GaSe/

G

a

2

O

3

hetero-interface to design the band diagrams. The current–voltage measurements on the device display a diode-like behavior which is attributed to the type-II band alignment, present at the p–n junction interface as per the electron affinities and bandgap values of GaSe and

G

a

2

O

3

. The device exhibits a high current rectification ratio of ∼2500 extracted at

±
5

V. The photoresponse properties of the heterostructure are also studied and the figure of merit parameters of the photodetector such as photoresponsivity and specific detectivity have been evaluated for the fabricated device. Since the GaSe/

G

a

2

O

3

heterojunction holds a great potential in the field of efficient optoelectronic devices, we believe our study could pave the way to designing innovative optoelectronic devices by integrating low-dimensional materials with conventional 3D semiconducting materials.
Fabrication and integration of functional stretchable circuit based on liquid metal
Authors: Pan Xudong , He Hu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A liquid metal patterning method and a fabrication process for liquid metal stretchable circuits are described. The initial resistance of the wire-electrode unit is only about 1.4 Ω, and the maximum applied strain is up to 260%. Static stretching and dynamic fatigue tests both reflect the excellent resistance stability. Two types of integrated packaging processes for liquid metal stretchable circuits, surface mount and embedded, are presented. The LED-wire unit manufactured by the embedded method can work normally under a strain of 260%. Through the integration process of surface mounting, the electronic devices are integrated onto the flexible substrate, and the flexible circuit system demonstration of a flash LED is realized. The circuit can work normally under 100% strain. The integration process for liquid metal based flexible electronics provides potential applications in flexible micro-systems.
Effects of Hypertension on the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Women
Authors: Liu Rui-fang , Xu Fang-xing , Liu Tong-ku , Zhou Yu-jie , Zhao Ying-xin , Yang Shi-wei , Yan Zhen-xian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effects of hypertension on the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the severity of coronary artery disease in young women in northern China.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 840 young female patients (age &lt;45 years old) underwent coronary angiography due to chest pain or chest discomfort between January 2007 and December 2016. The patients were divided into hypertension group (256 cases) and control group (584 cases). The risk factors and prevalence of ACS, and coronary stents implantation in the 2 groups were studied.

Results
The prevalence of ACS was higher in the hypertension group compared with the control group (80.9% vs. 36.5%, P &lt; 0.05). The rates of hyperlipidemia (37.1% vs. 14.9%), hypercholesterolemia (8.6% vs. 3.4%), hyperuricemia (18.4% vs. 7.2%), and hyperhomocysteinemia (10.9% vs. 3.9%) were all significantly higher in the hypertensives compared with controls (all P &lt; 0.05). The hypertension group had higher rates of overweight (63.7% vs. 29.5%), family history of early coronary heart disease (15.2% vs. 5.5%), smoking (5.5% vs. 4.3%), menopause (4.7% vs. 1.7%), and type 2 diabetes (24.2% vs. 8.9%) compared with the control group (all P &lt; 0.05). Double branch lesions of coronary artery in hypertension and control groups were 14.1% and 5.7%, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Further, hypertensive patients with ACS had higher number (1.67 ± 1.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.85) and longer (24.44 ± 6.97 vs. 22.85 ± 7.80 mm) stents implantation than the control group (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Hypertension is the main risk factor of ACS in young women in northern China. Young women with hypertension have more risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Fitness Costs ofpfhrp2andpfhrp3Deletions Underlying Diagnostic Evasion in Malaria Parasites
Authors: Nair Shalini , Li Xue , Nkhoma Standwell C , Anderson Tim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRapid diagnostic tests based on detection of histidine-rich proteins (HRPs) are widely used for malaria diagnosis, but parasites carrying pfhrp deletions can evade detection and are increasing in frequency in some countries. Models aim to predict conditions under which pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 deletions will increase, but a key parameter—the fitness cost of deletions—is unknown.MethodsWe removed pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 from a Malawian parasite clone using gene editing approaches) and measured fitness costs by conducting pairwise competition experiments.ResultsWe observed significant fitness costs of 0.087 ± 0.008 (1 standard error) per asexual cycle for pfhrp2 deletion and 0.113 ± 0.008 for the pfhrp2/3 double deletion, relative to the unedited progenitor parasite. Selection against deletions is strong and comparable to that resulting from drug resistance mutations.ConclusionsPrior modeling suggested that diagnostic selection may drive increased frequency of pfhrp deletions only when fitness costs are mild. Our experiments show that costs of pfhrp deletions are higher than these thresholds, but modeling and empirical results can be reconciled if the duration of infection is short. These results may inform future modeling to understand why pfhrp2/3 deletions are increasing in some locations (Ethiopia and Eritrea) but not in others (Mekong region).
Characteristics of stripes-pattern radio-emission sources
Authors: Alielden Khaled 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
An investigation of the generation mechanism for stripes-pattern radio spectra is important for an understanding of the dynamics of non-thermal electrons in several astronomical objects, including the Sun, Jupiter, and the Crab Pulsar. A new analytical study is carried out to identify the plasma characteristics of fiber- and zebra-pattern emission sources without an underlying density or magnetic model. The analysis demonstrates that the source region of the stripes emission is located underneath the reconnection point, where the ratio s of the instability growth rate to the electron gyrofrequency ωc does not equal unity; that is, s = k⊥v⊥/ωc ≠ 1. When |s| &lt; 1, the plasma condition of the source region becomes k⊥v⊥ &lt; ωp &lt; ωc, where ωp is the plasma frequency, and the emission source is likely to produce a fiber radio burst. For |s| &gt; 1, the plasma condition of the source region is ωc &lt; ωp &lt; k⊥v⊥, and the emission source is likely to produce zebra-pattern emission. This indicates that the magnetic field in the source region of zebra-pattern radio emission is weak and it is relatively high in the source region of fiber-pattern emission. An approach is applied to estimate the plasma parameters of a zebra-pattern emission source observed on 2011 June 21. The behaviour of the blasted medium, which is produced by magnetic reconnection, is investigated. The results show that the blasted medium propagates isothermally as a sausage-like wave for a short time during the emission. The study discusses the conditions for producing different types of striped radio emission and provides a simple computational approach that could be useful in a number of astronomical contexts.
New globular cluster candidates in the M81 group
Authors: Pan Jiaming , Bell Eric F , Smercina Adam , Price Paul , Slater Colin T , Bailin Jeremy , de Jong Roelof S , D’Souza Richard , Jang In Sung , Monachesi Antonela 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The study of outer halo globular cluster (GC) populations can give insight into galaxy merging, GC accretion, and the origin of GCs. We use archival Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) data in concert with space-based GALEX, IRAC, and Gaia EDR3 data to select candidate GCs in the outer halo of the M81 group for confirmation and future study. We use a small sample of previously discovered GCs to tune our selection criteria, finding that bright already-known GCs in the M81 group have sizes that are typically slightly larger than the Subaru PSF in our fields. In the optical bands, GCs appear to have colours that are only slightly different from stars. The inclusion of archival IRAC data yields dramatic improvements in colour separation, as the long wavelength baseline aids somewhat in the separation from stars and clearly separates GCs from many compact background galaxies. We show that some previously spectroscopically identified GCs in the M81 group are instead foreground stars or background galaxies. GCs close to M82 have radial velocities, suggesting that they fell into the M81 group along with M82. The overall M81 GC luminosity function is similar to the Milky Way and M31. M81’s outer halo GCs are similar to the Milky Way in their metallicities and numbers, and much less numerous than M31’s more metal-rich outer halo GC population. These properties reflect differences in the three galaxies’ merger histories, highlighting the possibility of using outer halo GCs to trace merger history in larger samples of galaxies.
Lessons from the Magellanic System and its modeling
Authors: Wang Jianling , Hammer Francois , Yang Yanbin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe prominent Magellanic Stream that dominates the H i sky provides a tantalizing number of observations that potentially constrains the Magellanic Clouds and the Milky Way (MW) outskirts. Here we show that the ‘ram-pressure plus collision’ model naturally explain these properties, and is able to predict some of the most recent observations made after the model was made. These include the complexity of the stellar populations in the Magellanic Bridge, for which kinematics, ages, and distances are well measured, and the Northern Tidal Arm, for which the model predicts its formation from the MW tidal forces. It appears that this over-constrained model provides a good path to investigate the Stream properties. This contrasts with tidal models that reproduce only half of the Stream’s main properties, in particular a tidal tail cannot reproduce the observed inter-twisted filaments, and its gas content is not sufficiently massive to provide the large amount of H i and H ii gas associated to the Stream. Despite the efforts made to reproduce the large amounts of gas brought by the Clouds, it seems that no viable solution for the tidal model could be foreseen. Since the ‘ram-pressure plus collision’ model has not succeeded for a Large Magellanic Cloud mass above 2 × 1010 M⊙, we conjecture that a low mass is required to form the Stream.
Statistics of BY Draconis chromospheric variable stars
Authors: Chahal Deepak , de Grijs Richard , Kamath Devika , Chen Xiaodian 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an extensive catalogue of BY Draconis (BY Dra)-type variables and their stellar parameters. BY Dra are main-sequence FGKM-type stars. They exhibit inhomogeneous starspots and bright faculae in their photospheres. These features are caused by stellar magnetic fields, which are carried along with the stellar disc through rotation and which produce gradual modulations in their light curves (LCs). Our main objective is to characterize the properties of BY Dra variables over a wide range of stellar masses, temperatures, and rotation periods. A recent study categorized 84 697 BY Dra variables from Data Release 2 of the Zwicky Transient Facility based on their LCs. We have collected additional photometric data from multiple surveys and performed broad-band spectral energy distribution fits to estimate stellar parameters. We found that more than half of our sample objects are of K spectral type, covering an extensive range of stellar parameters in the low-mass regime (0.1–1.3 M⊙). Compared with previous studies, most of the sources in our catalogue are rapid rotators, and so most of them must be young stars for which a spin-down has not yet occurred. We subdivided our catalogue based on convection zone depth and found that the photospheric activity index, Sph, is lower for higher effective temperatures, i.e. for thinner convective envelopes. We observe a broad range of photospheric magnetic activity for different spectral classes owing to the presence of stellar populations of different ages. We found a higher magnetically active fraction for K- than M-type stars.
Effect of the cosmological transition to metal-enriched star formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal
Authors: Magg Mattis , Reis Itamar , Fialkov Anastasia , Barkana Rennan , Klessen Ralf S , Glover Simon C O , Chen Li-Hsin , Hartwig Tilman , Schauer Anna T P 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Mapping cosmic dawn with 21-cm tomography offers an exciting new window into the era of primordial star formation. However, self-consistent implementation of both the process of star formation and the related 21-cm signal is challenging, due to the multiscale nature of the problem. In this study, we develop a flexible semi-analytical model to follow the formation of the first stars and the process of gradual transition from primordial to metal-enriched star formation. For this transition, we use different scenarios with varying time-delays (or recovery times) between the first supernovae and the formation of the second generation of stars. We use recovery times between 10 and 100 Myr and find that these delays have a strong impact on the redshift at which the transition to metal-enriched star formation occurs. We then explore the effect of this transition on the 21-cm signal and find that the recovery time has a distinctive imprint in the signal. Together with an improved understanding of how this time-delay relates to the properties of Population III stars, future 21-cm observations can give independent constraints on the earliest epoch of star formation. As the transition away from the primordial star formation is expected to occur at high redshifts, here we ignore the impact of X-ray and ionizing radiation, focusing on the effect of Ly α photons on the 21-cm signal.