bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparency in a “Post-Fact” World
Authors: Schnell Sabina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhat role can government transparency play in a democratic polity in a post-fact and a post-truth world? If the problem is not that citizens lack information about what the government does, but that they filter existing information through pre-existing ideological biases and world views, can government transparency still contribute to better informed citizens and more accountable government? To answer these questions, the article first reviews the critiques of transparency that are particularly salient in a post-fact world: that it reduces trust in government and increases polarization in deliberation. It then discusses three possible solutions: less transparency, tailored transparency, and reasoned transparency. Drawing on deliberative democracy theory, the article concludes that to reclaim the value of transparency, public administration scholars and practitioners need to move from a narrow interpretation of transparency as access to information to a broader, more holistic one, that considers more explicitly the communicative aspects of transparency and its normative foundations.
Mastering Prognostic Tools: An Opportunity to Enhance Personalized Care and to Optimize Clinical Outcomes in Physical Therapy
Authors: Tousignant-Laflamme Yannick , Houle Catherine , Cook Chad , Naye Florian , LeBlanc Annie , Décary Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In health care, clinical decision making is typically based on diagnostic findings. Rehabilitation clinicians commonly rely on pathoanatomical diagnoses to guide treatment and define prognosis. Targeting prognostic factors is a promising way for rehabilitation clinicians to enhance treatment decision-making processes, personalize rehabilitation approaches, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This can be achieved by using prognostic tools that provide accurate estimates of the probability of future outcomes for a patient in clinical practice. Most literature reviews of prognostic tools in rehabilitation have focused on prescriptive clinical prediction rules. These studies highlight notable methodological issues and conclude that these tools are neither valid nor useful for clinical practice. This has raised the need to open the scope of research to understand what makes a quality prognostic tool that can be used in clinical practice. Methodological guidance in prognosis research has emerged in the last decade, encompassing exploratory studies on the development of prognosis and prognostic models. Methodological rigor is essential to develop prognostic tools, because only prognostic models developed and validated through a rigorous methodological process should guide clinical decision making. This Perspective argues that rehabilitation clinicians need to master the identification and use of prognostic tools to enhance their capacity to provide personalized rehabilitation. It is time for prognosis research to look for prognostic models that were developed and validated following a comprehensive process before being simplified into suitable tools for clinical practice. New models, or rigorous validation of current models, are needed. The approach discussed in this Perspective offers a promising way to overcome the limitations of most models and provide clinicians with quality tools for personalized rehabilitation approaches.

Impact
Prognostic research can be applied to clinical rehabilitation; this Perspective proposes solutions to develop high-quality prognostic models to optimize patient outcomes.
The impact of COVID-19 on rheumatology training—results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance trainee survey
Authors: Young Kristen , Yeoh Su-Ann , Putman Michael , Sattui Sebastian , Conway Richard , Graef Elizabeth , Kilian Adam , Konig Maximilian , Sparks Jeffrey , Ugarte-Gil Manuel , Upton Laura , Berenbaum Francis , Bhana Suleman , Costello Wendy , Hausmann Jonathan , Machado Pedro , Robinson Philip , Sirotich Emily , Sufka Paul , Yazdany Jinoos , Liew Jean , Grainger Rebecca , Wallace Zachary , Jayatilleke Arundathi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the clinical experiences, research opportunities and well-being of rheumatology trainees.MethodsA voluntary, anonymous, Web-based survey was administered in English, Spanish or French from 19 August 2020 to 5 October 2020. Adult and paediatric rheumatology trainees were invited to participate via social media and email. Using multiple-choice questions and Likert scales, the perceptions of trainees regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient care and redeployment, learning and supervision, research and well-being were assessed.ResultsThere were 302 respondents from 33 countries, with 83% in adult rheumatology training. An increase in non-rheumatology clinical work was reported by 45%, with 68% of these having been redeployed to COVID-19. Overall, trainees reported a negative impact on their learning opportunities during rheumatology training, including outpatient clinics (79%), inpatient consultations (59%), didactic teaching (55%), procedures (53%), teaching opportunities (52%) and ultrasonography (36%). Impacts on research experiences were reported by 46% of respondents, with 39% of these reporting that COVID-19 negatively affected their ability to continue their pre-pandemic research. Burnout and increases in stress were reported by 50% and 68%, respectively. Physical health was negatively impacted by training programme changes in 25% of respondents.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on rheumatology training and trainee well-being. Our study highlights the extent of this impact on research opportunities and clinical care, which are highly relevant to future curriculum planning and the clinical learning environment.
Who is Doctor Bauer?: Rematriating a Censored Story on Internment, Wardship, and Sexual Violence in Wartime Alaska, 1941 - 1944
Authors: Guise Holly Miowak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article unites Indigenous women’s voices from oral histories and the archives to connect sexual violence and colonialism and to advance historical discourse on rematriation. Sexual violence, rape, and internment intersected in the Alaskan territory during the Second World War. From 1941 to 1944, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) employed the physician H.O.K. Bauer to work for the Alaska Indian Service. This physician’s power to enact sexual violence came from his position as an employee for the BIA—an institution that had a history of intimate colonial ties with Indigenous communities. Utilizing Native American and Indigenous Studies methods and ethics, making transparent the relationship between a scholar and elders in the community, and purposefully uncovering some silences while maintaining others allows this analysis of historical sexual violence to prioritize an Indigenous woman elder who advocated for the telling of a story of sexual violence. In doing so, it identifies rematriation as a process that unravels colonial power and restores power to Indigenous women.
Neurocranial bones are key to untangling the sea cow evolutionary tree: osteology of the skull of Sobrarbesiren cardieli (Mammalia: Pan-Sirenia)
Authors: Díaz-Berenguer Ester , Moreno-Azanza Miguel , Badiola Ainara , Canudo José Ignacio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The pan-sirenian Bauplan is conservative, probably owing to the constraints of adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle. Gathering morphological data from extinct forms is complex, resulting in poorly resolved phylogenies for stem pan-sirenians. Extant sirenians ossify the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli, membranes of the dura mater of the brain attached to the parietal bone. Nevertheless, these ossifications are not present in some pan-sirenians. The basioccipital bone has received little attention in the literature except for establishing the relative age of individuals. Here, we present new cranial elements and a detailed description of the skull of Sobrarbesiren cardieli, a stem pan-sirenian from the Lutetian of Spain represented by eight individuals; we study its intraspecific variation and palaeoecological implications and explore the evolution of the endocranial structures and the basioccipital bone in pan-sirenians. Six new phylogenetic characters are added to the latest pan-sirenian dataset, resulting in a well-resolved topology where Sobrarbesiren is recovered close to the root, in a clade with Prototherium and Eotheroides aegyptiacum. The basioccipital bone and the ossified endocranial membranes have a phylogenetic signal, and the absence of such endocranial structures represents the plesiomorphic condition for pan-sirenians and is not diagnostic for the family Protosirenidae as previously believed.
Biodiversity and phylogeny of Cocculinidae (Gastropoda: Cocculinida) in the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: Lee Hsin , Puillandre Nicolas , Kano Yasunori , Chen Wei-Jen , Samadi Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe family Cocculinidae (Gastropoda: Cocculinida) consists of small, usually colourless benthic limpets living primarily at depths below 100 m, and on decaying plant or animal remains. These habitats are difficult to sample and the knowledge about Cocculinidae species diversity, biogeography, ecology and evolution is therefore poor. To explore the species diversity of the Cocculinidae, we examined 499 specimens collected from 196 sites, mainly explored during expeditions of the ‘Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos’ programme in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP). To propose a species hypotheses, we used an integrated approach to taxonomy in which we combined DNA-based methods, with morphological, geographical and ecological considerations. To classify the species hypotheses into genera, we used a combination of one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene fragments to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. We then used six morphological characters to diagnose the identified genera. Our results revealed an exceptionally high diversity of IWP Cocculinidae, with 51 species hypotheses that were mostly not assigned to available species names. We also discovered a previously unknown type of copulatory structure in the group. At a higher taxonomic level, we identified ten main clades in the family. Although six of them matched existing genera, four others should be regarded as new genera awaiting formal description.
A not so sweet scenario: impact of perioperative glucose control on regional anesthetic techniques for orthopedic surgery
Authors: Nowrouz Maliha , Buxhoeveden Michael 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Diabetes and hyperglycemia are well established risk factors for complications associated with common orthopedic surgeries. In some practice settings, these conditions are also viewed as contraindications to regional nerve catheters. In this article, we aim to present our approach to offering the benefits of this modality in a safe manner for patients with diabetes and even some with preexisting, localized infections.

Recent findings
Evidence suggests that reduction in opioids and avoidance of general anesthesia can be particularly beneficial for patients with diabetes and high blood sugar, who often suffer from comorbid conditions such as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. On our high volume, high acuity acute pain service, we take a selective approach to nerve catheter placement in this population and even some who already have localized infections. In our experience, with careful monitoring and risk mitigation strategies these patients have improved pain control and an exceedingly low rate of complications associated with nerve catheter use.

Summary
Based on our experience and reading of the literature, we advocate for a liberalized approach to use of continuous regional anesthesia for diabetic patients having for orthopedic surgery. A set of consensus guidelines tailored to institutions’ resources and monitoring capabilities can be a useful tool for standardizing care. It may also increase access to the clinical benefits of this modality in a population particularly vulnerable to opioid related adverse effects.
Zonulin Antagonist, Larazotide (AT1001), As an Adjuvant Treatment for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Series
Authors: Yonker Lael M. , Swank Zoe , Gilboa Tal , Senussi Yasmeen , Kenyon Victoria , Papadakis Lena , Boribong Brittany P. , Carroll Ryan W. , Walt David R. , Fasano Alessio 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
A recent study suggests that Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is triggered by gastrointestinal breach of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral particles from the gut lumen into systemic circulation. The virus remains in the gut weeks to months after respiratory infection, causing zonulin release from the intestinal epithelial cells. Zonulin loosens tight junctions, permitting trafficking of highly inflammatory viral particles into circulation. Current MIS-C treatments target the subsequent immune hyperactivation, not the causative loss of mucosal barrier integrity. Larazotide, a zonulin inhibitor, prevents breakdown of tight junctions, limiting antigen trafficking.

DESIGN:
Children with MIS-C were treated with larazotide as an adjuvant to steroid/intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Clinical outcomes, SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia, and cytokine profiles are reported. Outcomes were compared with children with MIS-C receiving steroids and/or IVIG therapy alone.

PATIENTS:
Four children with MIS-C, ages 3–17 years, were enrolled.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were treated with open label larazotide 10 mcg/kg (maximum 500 mcg/dose) orally four times daily for 21 days.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
All four patients tolerated larazotide without adverse effects and displayed reduction in Spike antigenemia to undetectable levels. When compared with 22 children with MIS-C receiving steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy alone, larazotide-treated patients reported significantly improved time to resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.03), and time to clearance of Spike antigenemia (p = 0.04), plus a trend towards shorter length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
Larazotide appears safe and well-tolerated and may offer potential benefit as an adjuvant to immune-targeted therapies. Expansion of clinical trials is urgently needed to ascertain the clinical impact of larazotide on MIS-C.
Exercise Prescription Methods and Attitudes in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Pack Quinn R. , Shea Meredith , Brawner Clinton A. , Headley Samuel , Hutchinson Jasmin , Madera Hayden , Keteyian Steven J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
High-quality exercise training improves outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), but little is known about how most programs prescribe exercise. Thus, the aim was to describe how current CR programs prescribe exercise.

Methods:
We conducted a 33-item anonymous survey of CR program directors registered with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. We assessed the time, mode, and intensity of exercise prescribed, as well as attitudes about maximal exercise testing and exercise prescription. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were coded and quantitated thematically.

Results:
Of 1470 program directors, 246 (16.7%) completed the survey. In a typical session of CR, a median of 5, 35, 10, and 5 min was spent on warm-up, aerobic exercise, resistance training, and cooldown, respectively. The primary aerobic modality was the treadmill (55%) or seated dual-action step machine (40%). Maximal exercise testing and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were infrequently reported (17 and 8% of patients, respectively). The most common method to prescribe exercise intensity was ratings of perceived exertion followed by resting heart rate +20-30 bpm, although 55 unique formulas for establishing a target heart rate or range (THRR) were reported. Moreover, variation in exercise prescription between staff members in the same program was reported in 40% of programs. Program directors reported both strongly favorable and unfavorable opinions toward maximal exercise testing, HIIT, and use of THRR.

Conclusions:
Cardiac rehabilitation program directors reported generally consistent exercise time and modes, but widely divergent methods and opinions toward prescribing exercise intensity. Our results suggest a need to better study and standardize exercise intensity in CR.
Adrenal BORDeAux reGistry: Bordeaux single-center study of hypertensive patients with primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Benoit Julie , Gaudissard Julie , Doublet Julien , Boulestreau Romain , Robert Grégoire , Brossaud Julie , Gosse Philippe , Cremer Antoine 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Primary aldosteronism is responsible for a major cardiovascular risk that can be avoided by specific treatment. A better characterization of the hypertensive population with primary aldosteronism would not only improve the overall diagnosis but also allows a better selection of patients requiring adrenal vein sampling (AVS).

Methods:
Creation of a prospective single-center Bordeaux ABORDAGE study of hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS. Primary aldosteronism was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the SFE/SFHTA. Peripheral and central blood pressure measurements were performed with mercury sphygmomanometer, SphygmoCor applanation tonometer and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. An adrenal computed tomography and an unstimulated AVS were performed in each patient.

Results:
One hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in our study. They were mostly men (61.7%), with a mean age of 48.7 ± 10.5 years, BMI of 29.7 ± 5 kg/ m2 and duration of hypertension of 101.5 ± 84 months. AVS was selective in 82.3% of patients and lateralization was concordant with CT in only 35.4% of patients. Lateralized secretion was significantly associated with a marked biological primary aldosteronism and hypertension. In multivariate analysis, no variable specifically differentiated patients with aldosterone lateralization.

Conclusion:
The ABORDAGE population description is consistent with the data found in the literature. These characteristics are ultimately those expected in essential hypertension population, which therefore, could explain part of the underdiagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Only AVS is able to predict the lateralization of secretion with a post adrenalectomy recovery of about 90% in case of lateralization. The generalization of AVS would, therefore, increase the proportion of patients with primary aldosteronism cured.
ANSI 3.1-2014 and the Supplemental Workforce of Radiation Protection Technicians
Authors: Blue Leldon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Attrition in the supplemental workforce of radiation protection technicians continues to present challenges in supporting the US nuclear power industry with contract technicians during refueling outages, major projects, and decommissioning. Industry wide adoption of ANSI 3.1-2014, Selection, Qualification, and Training of Personnel for Nuclear Power Plants, can help overcome these challenges by accelerating the training and development of technicians in the supplemental workforce by applying the systematic approach to training (SAT).
COMPARISON BETWEEN ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS ULTRAWIDE-FIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP OF CHILDREN WITH A HISTORY OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY OR PREMATURITY
Authors: Ling Xiao Chun , Chou Hung-Da , Liu Laura , Wang Nan-Kai , Lai Chi-Chun , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To compare between oral and intravenous (IV) ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography in pediatric patients with a history of prematurity of retinopathy or prematurity.

Methods:
Pediatric patients (<18 year old; n = 107 patients) who underwent ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography for retinopathy of prematurity were categorized into oral and IV fluorescein angiography (FA) groups. Quality of FA images was graded on the order of retinal vessels visible. Reported outcomes were proportions of graded FA images, peak fluorescein intensity, and the time to first dye appearance and to reach peak fluorescence.

Results:
Image quality analysis revealed that 91.5% of IV FA images had excellent image quality compared with only 55.6% of oral FA images (P < 0.01). There were still 83.3% of oral-contrast images with good or excellent image quality. The average time required for first dye appearance and peak fluorescence were significantly shorter in the IV FA group than in the oral FA group (P < 0.01). Peak intensity was greater in the IV group (141.41 ± 29.09) than in the oral group (111.25 ± 45.68; P < 0.01). Adverse reaction rates were similar between the two groups (P = 0.22).

Conclusion:
Ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography provides excellent-quality imaging of the retina in the pediatric population. Overall, oral FA is still an effective and useful alternative to IV FA in children with prematurity history.
A CASE OF RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE RETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH PEMBROLIZUMAB IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR METASTATIC UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Sakai Daiki , Hirami Yasuhiko , Sugita Sunao , Maeda Akiko , Matsumiya Wataru , Nakamura Makoto , Kurimoto Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To describe a novel case of bilateral rapidly progressive retinopathy after immunotherapy with pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 64-year-old man undergoing pembrolizumab immunotherapy was referred to our hospital because of bilateral acute vision loss. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/320 in the left eye, and a visual field test revealed central and paracentral scotomas in the right eye and central scotoma in the left eye. We suspected immune-related retinopathy based on the progressive photoreceptor damage with abnormal electroretinogram findings, absence of overt intraocular inflammation, and presence of malignancy. Cessation of pembrolizumab and steroid pulse therapy followed by decreasing oral prednisolone improved visual function and photoreceptor damage, although there was recurrence after pembrolizumab was restarted.

Conclusion:
We reported a case of rapidly progressive retinopathy that may have been triggered by pembrolizumab immunotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. High-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy was effective in reversing photoreceptor damage.