bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-Choline PET/CT or PET/MR and the evaluation of response to systemic therapy in prostate cancer: are we ready?
Authors: Urso Luca , Lancia Federica , Ortolan Naima , Frapoli Marta , Rauso Martina , Artioli Paolo , Cittanti Corrado , Uccelli Licia , Frassoldati Antonio , Evangelista Laura , Bartolomei Mirco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
During the last decade, [18F]F-choline positron emission tomography (PET) had a rising role in prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. However, despite auspicious premises, [18F]F-choline PET is not currently recommended for the evaluation of response to therapy assessment in PCa, mainly due to the lack of large-scale prospective trials.

Methods
We report the cases of seven patients affected by PCa, in which [18F]F-choline PET (either with computed tomography—CT or magnetic resonance imaging—MR) contributed significantly in the systemic therapy response evaluation.

Results and conclusion
[18F]F-choline PET/CT or PET/MR demonstrated to be a useful imaging modality in the assessment of response to systemic therapy in metastatic PCa patients, irrespective of the stage of disease (either in hormone sensitive and in castrate resistant condition) and the kind of systemic treatment. In most cases, PSA serum values and [18F]F-choline PET showed a synchronous disease evolution after systemic therapy. ADT can alter [18F]F-choline uptake, therefore the time of scan should be correctly planned. Finally, PET/CT with [18F]F-choline is a useful tool for reinforcing the identification of metastatic disease in case of a switch from metastatic castration sensitive to castration resistant PCa.
Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS): an innovative technique for the assessment of bone status in young women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Caffarelli Carla , Al Refaie Antonella , De Vita Michela , Tomai Pitinca Maria Dea , Goracci Arianna , Fagiolini Andrea , Gonnelli Stefano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increase risk of fragility fracture are common complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) present several limits in subjects with AN. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the new Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) technique in the assessment of bone status in young women with AN.

Methods
In a cohort of 50 subjects with restrictive AN and in 30 healthy controls, we measured BMD at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD), at femoral neck (FN-BMD) and total hip (TH-BMD) using both DXA and REMS technique.

Results
BMD evaluated by DXA and REMS technique at all measurement sites were all significantly (p < 0.01) lower in subjects suffering from AN subjects than in controls. Good correlations were detected between BMD by DXA and BMD by REMS measurements at LS (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) at FN (r = 0.86, p < 0.01) and at TH (r = 0.84, p < 0.01) in subjects suffering from AN. Moreover, Bland–Altman analysis confirmed the good agreement between the two techniques. The subjects suffering from AN with previous vertebral fragility fractures presented lower values of both BMD-LS and BMD-TH by DXA and by REMS with respect to those without fractures; however, the difference was significant only for BMD-TH by REMS (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that REMS technique due to its characteristic of precision and reproducibility may represent an important tool for the evaluation of the changes in bone status in AN young women, especially during the fertile age and in case of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Level of evidence
Level of evidence: level III cohort study.
Spanish validation of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) for adolescents
Authors: Andrés Ana , Fornieles-Deu Albert , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa , Beltrán-Garrayo Lucía , Montcada-Ribera Albert , Bach-Faig Anna , Sánchez-Carracedo David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Weight Bias Internalization (WBI) is pervasive and potentially damaging for health. Little is known about WBI in youth. As negative effects of WBI have been observed when controlling for BMI, measures that allow WBI to be assessed across different weight categories are needed. The Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) is one of the most frequently used scales in this field. Our purpose was to obtain a Spanish validated version of the WBIS-M for adolescents across different weight statuses.

Methods
The data were collected from 298 secondary students (mean age 14.31; 48.32% girls; 18.8% were overweight and 6.4% had obesity). Internal structure was examined by a cross-validation analysis, using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in different subsamples.

Results
Item 1 showed a psychometric anomalous functioning and was deleted. The one-factor structure of the 10-item version was confirmed with adequate fit ([EFA (KMO = 0.915, χ2(55) = 1075.633, p < 0.0001)]; [CFA (χ2(35) = 200.515; GFI = 0.995; PGFI = 0.992; NFI = 0.991; SRMR = 0.060)]). Internal consistency was high $$(\alpha =0.93;$$

(
α
=
0.93
;

ω = 0.93). Significant correlations with the same set of external variables assessed in the original version (anti-fat bias, self-esteem, mood, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, binge eating), all of them correlates of WBI in adolescents, were found. Girls and participants with obesity obtained higher scores.

Conclusion
The results provide support for the validity and reliability of our WBIS-M version for use with adolescents across weight categories in Spain.

Level of evidence
Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort studies.
Revisiting an Analysis of Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple Baseline Designs
Authors: Slocum Timothy A. , Joslyn P. Raymond , Nichols Beverly , Pinkelman Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn our previous article on threats to internal validity of multiple baseline design variations (Slocum et al., 2022), we argued that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs (NCMB) are capable of rigorously demonstrating experimental control and should be considered equivalent to concurrent multiple baselines (CMB) in terms of internal validity. We were fortunate to receive five excellent commentaries on our article from experts in single-subject research design—four of whom endorsed the conclusion that NCMBs should be considered strong experimental designs capable of demonstrating experimental control. In the current article, we address the most salient points made in the five commentaries by further elaborating and clarifying the logic described in our original article. We address arguments related to classic threats including maturation, testing and session experience, and coincidental events (history). We rebut the notion that although NCMBs are strong, CMBs provide an increment of additional control and discuss the application of probability-based analysis of the likelihood of threats to internal validity. We conclude by emphasizing our agreement with many of the commentaries that selection of single-case experimental designs should be based on the myriad subtleties of research priorities and contextual factors rather than on a decontextualized hierarchy of designs.
Influence of Different Heat Treatment Temperatures on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase EN8 Steel in 0.5 M Sulphuric Acid Solution
Authors: Prabhu Deepa , Jomy Jilna , Prabhu P. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDual-phase steels provide an excellent combination of strength and ductility, as well as improved energy absorption and anti-corrosion protection properties. This research aims at evaluating the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of EN8 steel under different heat treatment temperatures in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution (H2SO4) using the EIS, potentiodynamic polarization, and gravimetric method (weight-loss method). Austenitizing is performed at 973 K, 1023 K, 1063 K, and 1173 K for 2 h followed by quenching in water to form a ferrite–martensite (F–M) dual-phase structure. From the results, it is seen that the corrosion rate increased with different heat treatment conditions depending on the change in the phase when immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 at the temperature of 303 K, 313 K, 323 K, and 333 K. This work investigates the energy of activation, enthalpy, and entropy of activation. For dual-phase steel containing ferrite and martensite, the corrosion behaviour depends on the amount of martensite and ferrite. As the austenitization temperature increases from 1023 to 1173 K, the amount of martensite increases. This is reflected in the increase of micro galvanic corrosion cells in the region between the ferrite and martensite phases, which acts as active corrosion centres. The normalized specimen showed greater corrosion resistance compared to the water-quenched specimen at 1173 K. This is due to the presence of lower carbon content for normalized dual-phase steel containing ferrite–pearlite phase than the ferrite–martensite phase present in specimen austenitized at 1173 K. Surface characterization and XRD confirmed the corrosion behaviour of the specimens under investigation.
It Takes a Village: Partnerships in Primary School Relationships and Sexuality Education in Aotearoa
Authors: Dixon Rachael , Clelland Tracy , Blair Megan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe implementation of relationships and sexuality education as part of Health and Physical Education in The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education. (2007). The New Zealand Curriculum. Learning Media Limited.) involves a range of people sharing their perspectives in order to shape the subject on paper and in practice. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative collective case study in three primary schools in Aotearoa. Experimenting with Appreciative Inquiry, we found that connections and conversations between a wide variety of people and organisations have a critical role to play in relation to planning and teaching relationships and sexuality education in schools: (i) Schools and teachers working in partnership with colleagues within and across schools, (ii) connections with whānau and relationships with learners, and (iii) access to wider supports and services. Our findings suggest that having conversations and establishing and maintaining productive partnerships between a variety of people are critical if relationships and sexuality education is to live up to its potential and meet learners’ needs.
Analysis of FDA's Accelerated Approval Program Performance December 1992–December 2021
Authors: Beakes-Read Ginny , Neisser Madison , Frey Patrick , Guarducci Mara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe accelerated approval pathway has been criticized recently for employing lower regulatory standards than traditional drug approval, undue delays in withdrawing approvals of drugs for which studies have not confirmed clinical benefit, and confirmatory trials not being pursued with due diligence. This article examines the status of confirmatory studies of drugs approved under the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) accelerated approval program between December 1992 and December 2021. It includes background on the program and provides broader context about the program’s performance to date over its 30-year history. Our analysis demonstrates that the accelerated approval program has been largely successful, with half of accelerated approvals converted to traditional approval in a median time of 3.2 years. Furthermore, recent FDA actions show that the agency is appropriately managing the program when a drug approved under accelerated approval fails to confirm a clinical benefit. Any proposed changes to the program should be based on cumulative experience with the program, rather than outliers.
Theoretical evaluation of stack-based thermoacoustic refrigerators
Authors: Prashantha B. G. , Narasimham G. S. V. L. , Seetharamu S. , Hemadri Vinayak B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStanding wave thermoacoustic refrigerator uses stack, is the heart of the thermoacoustic cooling system. The porous stack in the resonator tube develops temperature difference across the stack for heat pumping upon loudspeaker sound interaction of oscillating gas. In this paper, the optimization of stack-heat exchangers system and resonator is discussed using linear thermoacoustic theory for better COP and cooling power of refrigerator. The loudspeaker is assumed to provide the required acoustic power with the back volume gas spring system. Helium and air are chosen because of their better thermophysical properties and cost, compared to other competent gases. The 200 mm diameter stack is optimized for the temperature difference of 28 K. The theoretical results of the optimized refrigerator models are compared with the DeltaEC simulation results for deriving conclusions. DeltaEC predicts the cooling power and COP of 349 W at 0.998 for helium, and 139 W at 1.133 for air, respectively.
Using network analysis to improve understanding and utility of the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient
Authors: Waldren Lucy H. , Livingston Lucy A. , Leung Florence Y. N. , Shah Punit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a measure of autistic traits used in research and clinical practice. Recently, the AQ10 has garnered critical attention, with research questioning its psychometric properties and clinical cutoff value. To help inform the utility of the measure, we conducted the first network analysis of the AQ10, with a view to gain a better understanding of its individual items. Using a large dataset of 6,595 participants who had completed the AQ10, we found strongest inter-subscale connections between communication, imagination, and socially relevant items. The nodes with greatest centrality concerned theory of mind differences. Together, these findings align with cognitive explanations of autism and provide clues about which AQ10 items show greatest utility for informing autism-related clinical practice.
Mobilizing digital technology to implement a population-based psychological support response during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru
Authors: Santa-Cruz Janeth , Moran Leydi , Tovar Marco , Peinado Jesus , Cutipe Yuri , Ramos Lourdes , Astupillo Aldo , Rosler Melanie , Raviola Giuseppe , Lecca Leonid , Smith Stephanie L. , Contreras Carmen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable burden on mental health worldwide. To address this emergency in Peru, Socios en Salud (SES) implemented an innovative digital system for the diagnosis and psychological therapy in vulnerable populations. We describe the development, implementation, and participant outcomes of this intervention.MethodsWe conducted an intervention in a general population of Lima, Peru using a digital tool, ChatBot-Juntos, incorporating the abbreviated Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to screen psychological distress. Participants positive for psychological distress received remote Psychological First Aid (PFA) and grief therapy if needed. Participants with a mental health condition or safety concern were referred to mental health services. SRQ scores were collected 3 months after PFA sessions. Differences between screening and follow-up scores were compared using Wilcoxon sign-rank test.ResultsIn total, 2027 people were screened; 1581 (77.9%) screened positive for psychological distress. Nine hundred ninety-seven (63%) people with psychological distress received PFA, and 320 (32.1%) of those were also referred for mental health care. At 3 months after follow-up, SRQ scores were collected for 579 (58%) participants. Significant reduction in SRQ scores was observed 3 months after PFA [median SRQ score changed from 9 to 5 (p < 0.001)], and after PFA plus referral to mental health services [median SRQ score changed from 11 to 6 (p < 0.001)].ConclusionDigital technology can be used to screen for psychological distress and deliver mental health support for populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is needed to determine whether technology contributes to improved mental health outcomes.
Integrating temperature-dependent development and reproduction models for predicting population growth of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari
Authors: Azrag Abdelmutalab G. A. , Babin Régis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most devastating insect pest of coffee worldwide. It feeds on the beans inside the berries leading to significant crop losses and unmarketable products. This study aims to model the impact of temperature on H. hampei fecundity and population growth parameters, as a contribution to the prediction of infestation risk. The fecundity was assessed on fresh coffee beans at six constant temperatures in the range 15–30°C, with RH 80 ± 5% and photoperiod 12:12 L:D. Nonlinear models were fitted to the relationship between fecundity and temperature using the ILCYM software. The best fecundity model was combined to development models obtained for immature stages in a previous study in order to simulate life table parameters at different constant temperatures. Females of H. hampei successfully oviposited in the temperature range 15–30°C, with the highest fecundity observed at 23°C (106.1 offspring per female). Polynomial function 8 model was the best fitted to the relationship between fecundity and temperature. With this model, the highest fecundity was estimated at 23°C, with 110 eggs per female. The simulated net reproductive rate (R0) was maximal at 24°C, with 50.08 daughters per female, while the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was the highest at 26°C, with a value of 0.069. Our results will help understand H. hampei population dynamics and develop an ecologically sound management strategy based on a better assessment of infestation risk.
The Pragmatic Hypothesis Testing Theory of Self-Deception and the Belief/Acceptance Distinction
Authors: Lynch Kevin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccording to the pragmatic hypothesis testing theory, how much evidence we require before we believe something varies depending on the expected costs of falsely believing and disbelieving it. This theory has been used in the self-deception debate to explain our tendencies towards self-deceptive belief formation. This article argues that the application of this theory in the self-deception debate has overlooked the distinction between belief and acceptance, and that the theory in all likelihood models acceptance rather than belief, in which case it is probably not relevant to the explanation of self-deception. It is suggested, however, that doxastic error costs might be relevant to explaining some types of self-deception, though they feature in an evolutionary explanation of it rather than a psychological one.
Promotion of international humanitarian law through cooperation between the ICRC and the African Union
Authors: Ewumbue-Monono Churchill , von Flüe Carlo 
Published: July 2022

RésuméCet article examine la coopération du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) avec des organisations diplomatiques africaines telles que l'Union africaine (UA) dans le but de diffuser le droit international humanitaire au sein de la communauté diplomatique africaine. Décrivant les contextes institutionnels et politiques nécessaires à la promotion du droit humanitaire sur le continent africain et à la réussite des efforts en matière de diplomatie humanitaire, l'article donne un aperçu des résultats obtenus lorsque le CICR a coopéré avec l'Organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA) pour diffuser le droit international humanitaire entre 1992 et 2002. Les auteurs étudient également la manière dont le droit international humanitaire a été incorporé dans le processus de transformation de l'OUA en UA entre 1999 et 2002. Ils montrent en outre les difficultés et les possibilités que présentent les efforts déployés par le CICR dans le domaine de la diplomatie humanitaire, et celles d'une éventuelle coopération future avec l'UA et d'autres organisations Internationales en Afrique pour une meilleure mise œuvre du droit humanitaire et la promotion d'une action humanitaire indépendante.
The right of intervention under the African Union's Constitutive Act:
From non-interference to non-intervention
Authors: Kioko Ben 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Le continent africain a vécu certains des crimes de guerre de masse,
crimes contre l'humanité et crimes de génocide les plus odieux, le plus
souvent perpétrés dans le contexte d'un conflit armé interne. Ces atrocités
ont, pour la plupart, été commises sans que la communauté internationale
n'élève la voix ou n'agisse. Face à cette situation, l'article 4 de l'Acte
constitutif de l'Union africaine du 11 juillet 2000 reconnaît à
l'organisation le droit d'intervenir sur le territoire d'un État membre en
cas de crimes de guerre, de génocide et de crimes contre l'humanité, ainsi
que le droit des États membres de solliciter une telle intervention. L'Acte
constitutif de l'Union africaine est ainsi le premier traité international à
énoncer un tel droit. La disposition tranche avec les notions traditionneUes
du principe de non-ingérence et de non-intervention dans les affaires
intérieures des États-nations.
Cet article examine le droit d'intervention dans le cadre de l'Union
africaine. L'auteur se penche sur l'historique de la démarche qui a abouti à
l'insertion de cette disposition dans l'Acte constitutif, ainsi que sur les
principaux objectifs et les raisons de cette exception majeure au principe
de la souveraineté territoriale. En outre, la mise en œuvre de cette
disposition ainsi que les difficultés pratiques, juridiques et procédurales
prévisibles sont analysées. Les paramètres du droit d'intervention en droit
international, de même que les aspects politiques influant sur le débat
doctrinal, sont étudiés en vue d'évaluer le fondement juridique de l'article
4 de l'Acte constitutif.
L'auteur fait valoir que, s'il est vrai que la mise en œuvre du droit
d'intervention soulèvera très probablement des problèmes considérables, il
n'en reste pas moins que la disposition met en évidence les valeurs
fondamentales de l'Union africaine et les mesures énergiques que les États
membres sont disposés à prendre pour garantir ces protections élémentaires à
toute personne vivant en Afrique.
Reparation for violations of international humanitarian law
Authors: Gillard Emanuela-Chiara 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
La dernière moitié du XXe siècle a été marquée par
une augmentation et une codification sans précédent des normes du droit
international ayant pour objet la protection de la personne humaine. Il
s'agit aujourd'hui de veiller au respect de ces règles. Les réparations pour
violations du droit international humanitaire peuvent largement contribuer à
mieux le faire respecter et à prévenir toute violation future.
Une branche du droit est renforcée si, en cas d'infraction, des
réparations peuvent être obtenues; celles-ci constituent un aspect important
de l'application du droit et peuvent avoir un important effet dissuasif. À
un niveau plus personnel, les victimes de violations du droit international
humanitaire sont extrêmement vulnérables. Des réparations adéquates et
reçues au moment opportun peuvent jouer un rôle important pour aider les
victimes à reconstruire leur vie. Cet article examine le droit en vigueur et
la pratique actuelle en matière de réparations pour viohtions du droit
international humanitaire, en insistant plus particulièrement sur la
situation juridique des victimes.
Cet examen des lois et des mécanismes nationaux et internationaux révèle
que, si le droit aux réparations est universellement reconnu, en l'absence
de mécanismes spécifiques — qui existent généralement au niveau
international — les victimes sont incapables de faire valoir leurs droits
sur le plan individuel et, en conséquence, n'obtiennent aucune réparation.
L'article conclut par des questions plus politiques que posent les
différents mécanismes existants et la façon dont les compensations à
accorder aux victimes de violations du droit international humanitaires sont
envisagées.