bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at menopause and risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Shin Jean , Han Kyungdo , Jung Jin-Hyung , Park Hyo Jin , Kim Wonsock , Huh Youn , Kim Yang-Hyun , Kim Do-Hoon , Kim Seon Mee , Choi Youn Seon , Cho Kyung Hwan , Nam Ga Eun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to examine the association of premature menopause and age at menopause with the risk of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
A total of 1 401 175 postmenopausal women, who had undergone health examination provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, were included, and their reproductive histories were collected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were performed to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident HF and AF, according to the history of premature menopause and age at menopause. At a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, there were 42 699 (3.0%) and 44 834 (3.2%) new cases of HF and AF, respectively. Women with history of premature menopause had an increased risk of HF (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26–1.40) and AF (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16), compared to women without the history. Compared with women aged ≥50 years at menopause, those aged 45−49, 40−44, and &lt;40 years at menopause showed a significantly increased trend in HRs for the incident risk of both HF and AF (P for trend &lt;0.001). The robustness of the results of a series of sensitivity analyses further strengthens the main findings.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that postmenopausal women with a history of premature menopause or early menopausal age may have an increased risk of HF and AF. These reproductive factors need to be considered for preventing the future risk of HF and AF.
Impact of co-morbidities on survival after heart transplant in females of childbearing age: analysis of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry
Authors: Bhagra C J , Cherikh W S , De Filippis E M , Ross H , Stehlik J , Macera F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Data on life expectancy specific to female heart transplant (HT) recipients of reproductive age are lacking, but are needed to inform shared decision making at the time of pre-conception counseling. We analyzed the ISHLT registry for post-transplant survival and studied the impact of co-morbidities in women of childbearing age.

Methods
Female HT recipients reported to the ISHLT registry who were aged 15–45 yrs at time of HT were included in this retrospective analysis. Primary outcome was post-transplant survival. Secondary outcomes included the impact of co-morbidities on conditional survival at 5, 10 and 15 years.

Results
Of 121,501 HT recipients (Jan 1992–June 2018), 30,179 (24.8%) were women. 9,229 (7.6%) were 15–45 yrs at time of HT. Overall median post-transplant survival was 15.2 yrs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) at HT adversely impacted long-term survival (Figure 1). Co-morbidities including cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), DM and CKD negatively impacted 5yr and 10yr conditional survival, individually as well as a combination (Figure 2). 15yr conditional survival confirmed the negative impact of DM and CKD, while CAV did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Female HT recipients of childbearing age have favorable survival post-HT. Conditional survival at 5 and 10 yrs is negatively impacted by CAV, DM and CKD. The quantification of survival outcomes after heart transplant in women of childbearing age may improve counseling as part of pre-conception informed decision making.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Remnant cholesterol contributes to residual lipid risk after acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Wenzl F , Kraler S , Raeber L , Von Eckardstein A , Matter C , Gencer B , Nanchen D , Rodondi N , Mach F , Luescher T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence indicates that cholesterol transported in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (remnant cholesterol) is a causal risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) independent from other lipid fractions. To date, the relationship between remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) levels and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients with adequate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control is uncertain.

Purpose
This study evaluated the contribution of remnant-C to residual lipid risk after ACS.

Methods
Nested within 4'787 ACS patients in the prospective multicentre SPUM-ACS study (NCT0100070) we examined all patients presenting with LDL-C levels &lt;100 mg/dl under lipid lowering therapy (n=756). Remnant-C was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) minus calculated LDL-C using the Martin/Hopkins modified equation. The predefined primary outcome was a composite of CV death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization at 12 months. Events were adjudicated by an independent external endpoint committee blinded to the lipid measurements. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were fitted using smoothing splines for absolute remnant-C levels (continuous), log-transformed absolute remnant-C levels (continuous), remnant-C tertiles (categorical) and a prespecified cutoff (75th percentile) for high remnant-C (categorical). Bias-corrected bootstrapping was used for internal validation.

Results
Eighty-seven (11.5%) patients had an event, 14 (1.9%) patients withdrew consent, and 5 (0.7%) patients were lost to follow up at 12 months. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, remnant-C (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 2.74; per log2 increase; p=0.020), triglycerides (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.96; per log2 increase; p=0.017), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.86; per log2 increase; p&lt;0.040), but not LDL-C (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.84; per log2 increase; p=0.272), were associated with MACE. High remnant-C was independently associated with elevated risk of MACE when adjusting for clinical and demographic factors including GRACE 2.0 risk estimates (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.27; above vs. below 75th percentile; p&lt;0.001; HR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.70; tertile 3 vs. tertile 1; p=0.014).

Conclusion
In patients who develop ACS with LDL-C levels &lt;100 mg/dl, levels of remnant-C and triglycerides, but not LDL-C, were associated with adverse CV outcomes independent of other risk factors.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss Heart Foundation
Incidence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection during pregnancy in Swedish women between 1997 to 2019, a retrospective observational cohort study based on national Swedish health-registers
Authors: Nebeski D , Basic C , Svanvik T , Schaufelberger M , Ostgard Thunstrom E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background/Introduction
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an acute myocardial event. Previous studies suggest female predominance. It is an unusual underlying cause of myocardial infarction. However, it is thought to be the most common cause of myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to collect data on all women of reproductive age that had been diagnosed with SCAD in Sweden, including both pregnant and non-pregnant women, using the national Swedish health registers of the last two decades to describe the cohort and compare clinical characteristics.

Methods
Retrospective data on individuals with a diagnosis of SCAD (ICD-I25.4) occurring before fifty years of age were collected from four Swedish registers; the national patient register, the national medical birth register, the national cause of death register and the LISA register. Women diagnosed with SCAD between the years 1997 and 2019 and &lt;50 years of age at diagnosis were included. SCAD during pregnancy or within 14 weeks post-partum was considered pregnancy-associated.

Results
A total of 75 women comprised the final cohort, seven of which met the criteria for pregnancy-associated SCAD. Nine percent of all women that had SCAD in Sweden before 50 years of age had it in association with pregnancy and in SCAD that occurred before 40 years of age, 28% arose in association with pregnancy. There were no clinically significant differences in height between women with pregnancy-associated SCAD and those with SCAD not associated with pregnancy. History of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia were not prominent in the cohort (9.3, 4, 1.3, 2.7 and 2.7% respectively). Seventeen percent of patients had had no pregnancies prior to first event of SCAD. Two patients (2.6%) were deceased due to ischemic heart disease, one had had SCAD associated with pregnancy.

Conclusion
Spontaneous coronary artery dissections are uncommon. However, when they do occur in women under forty years of age more than one in four (28%) is associated with pregnancy.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Swedish heart lung foundation.
Administration of a human recombinant apyrase (AZD3366) limits myocardial tissue injury and improves cardiac function in a pig model of STEMI assessed by serial CMR
Authors: Vilahur G , Radike M , Sutelman P , Ben-Aicha S , Gutierrez M , Casani L , Mendieta G , Hidalgo A , Fjellstrom O , Carlsson L , Badimon L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Mitigating myocardial tissue injury (MTI) remains an unmet clinical need in the reperfusion era. Stimulating adenosine synthesis through the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by apyrase (CD39), an endothelial ADPase, has emerged as a potential new avenue in the reduction of MTI.

Purpose
In this study we examined whether the intravenous administration of a recombinant soluble form of human apyrase (AZD3366) prior to reperfusion limits MTI and improves cardiac function in a pig model of STEMI as assessed by serial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Methods
Pigs (n=16) were subjected to STEMI induction (1.5h closed-chest complete LAD coronary balloon occlusion). Immediately prior to reperfusion, pigs were randomized to intravenously receive one single dose of 3 mg/kg AZD3366 (n=8) or vehicle (n=8). Serial-CMR imaging was performed at baseline, 3 days, and 42 days post-MI for the assessment of structural and functional readouts at rest and during dobutamine stress. Light transmittance aggregometry (LTA; challenged by 5, 10 and 20 μM ADP) and ear bleeding time were monitored pre-MI, post-MI and at day 3.

Results
AZD3366 significantly reduced MTI by limiting (around 60%) oedema formation (21.3±6.7 vs. 12.3±6.7 g LV) and infarct size (14.3±6.1 vs. 8.4±3.4 g LV) and preventing microvascular obstruction (2.3±0.9 vs. 0.5±0.5 g LV) at 3 days post-MI, compared to vehicle-administered STEMI pigs (p&lt;0.05). At a functional level, LVEDV and LVESV showed less deterioration in AZD3366 treated animal as compared to vehicle 3 days post-MI (p&lt;0.05) and less numerical decrease of LVEF. Furthermore, AZD3366-treated animals showed no deterioration in LVEF upon dobutamine stress in contrast to vehicle-infused animals, (p&lt;0.05). AZD3366 treatment nearly abolished LTA at all tested ADP doses early post-STEMI, an effect that remained up to 3 days post-infusion but did not affect ear bleeding time at any of the tested time points. No additional effects were seen at 42 days.

Conclusion
Infusion of one single dose of the soluble recombinant apyrase AZD3366 prior to reperfusion exerts cardioprotection by reducing oedema formation, microvascular obstruction and necrosis and improving cardiac performance at rest and after dobutamine stress during the acute post-MI period. Administration of AZD3366 as an adjunctive therapy to standard of care for STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI may reduce myocardial tissue injury.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
Bed rest duration and complications after transfemoral cardiac catheterization: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Busca Erica , Airoldi Chiara , Bertoncini Fabio , Buratti Giulia , Casarotto Roberta , Gaboardi Samanta , Faggiano Fabrizio , Barisone Michela , White Ian R , Allara Elias , Dal Molin Alberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
To assess the effects of bed rest duration on short-term complications following transfemoral catheterization.

Methods and results
A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, SciELO and in five registries of grey literature. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies comparing different durations of bed rest after transfemoral catheterization were included. Primary outcomes were haematoma and bleeding near the access site. Secondary outcomes were arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, back pain, general patient discomfort and urinary discomfort. Study findings were summarized using a network meta-analysis (NMA). Twenty-eight studies and 9217 participants were included (mean age 60.4 years). In NMA, bed rest duration was not consistently associated with either primary outcome, and this was confirmed in sensitivity analyses. There was no evidence of associations with secondary outcomes, except for two effects related to back pain. A bed rest duration of 2–2.9 h was associated with lower risk of back pain [risk ratio (RR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.62] and a duration over 12 h with greater risk of back pain (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.16–3.24), when compared with the 4–5.9 h interval. Post hoc analysis revealed an increased risk of back pain per hour of bed rest (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.11).

Conclusion
A short bed rest was not associated with complications in patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization; the greater the duration of bed rest, the more likely the patients were to experience back pain. Ambulation as early as 2 h after transfemoral catheterization can be safely implemented.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42014014222.
Phages, anti-CRISPR proteins, and drug-resistant bacteria: what do we know about this triad?
Authors: Ceballos-Garzon Andres , Muñoz Angela B , Plata Juan D , Sanchez-Quitian Zilpa A , Ramos-Vivas Jose 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhages are viruses that infect bacteria, relying on their genetic machinery to replicate. To survive the constant attack of phages, bacteria have developed diverse defense strategies to act against them. Nevertheless, phages rapidly co-evolve to overcome these barriers, resulting in a constant, and often surprising, molecular arms race. Thus, some phages have evolved protein inhibitors known as anti-CRISPRs (∼50–150 amino acids), which antagonize the bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune response. To date, around 45 anti-CRISPRs proteins with different mechanisms and structures have been discovered against the CRISPR-Cas type I and type II present in important animal and human pathogens such as Escherichia, Morganella, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella. Considering the alarming growth of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, appears to be a promising alternative for the treatment of many bacterial infections. In this review, we illustrated the biological and clinical aspects of using phage therapy; furthermore, the CRISPR-Cas mechanism, and the interesting activity of anti-CRISPR proteins as a possible weapon to combat bacteria.
Ideology and the Red Button: How Ideology Shapes Nuclear Weapons’ Use Preferences in Europe
Authors: Onderco Michal , Etienne Tom W , Smetana Michal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoes partisan ideology influence whether Europeans are willing to use nuclear weapons, and if so, how? The US nuclear weapons stationed in Europe have been at the core of European security since the Cold War, but we have still yet to learn what would make Europeans be willing to support their use. In this paper, we present the results of a survey, in which we asked citizens in Germany and the Netherlands about their views on the use of the US nuclear weapons stationed on their territory in four distinct scenarios. Our results indicate that voters of right-wing parties are more likely to approve of the use of nuclear weapons in both countries. There are, however, important differences between the two countries in terms of the degree to which the participants oppose the use of nuclear weapons. These results have implications for NATO's nuclear deterrence posture.
Friendship in Later Life: A Pathway Between Volunteering Hours and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Lim Emily , Peng Changmin , Burr Jeffrey A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesFriendships are essential in the face of social network changes in later life and friendships may be important for reducing depression risk. Social participation through volunteering is also associated with fewer depressive symptoms. What is less well-understood is whether friendships serve as a pathway in the link between volunteering and depression.MethodsWe used panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2010, 2014, 2018). Negative binomial regression within the SEM modeling framework was employed to analyze the association between volunteering and friendship, focusing on the indirect effect of friendships for understanding the volunteering and depressive symptoms relationship.ResultsVolunteer hours were positively associated with friendship (1–99 hr: β = 0.17, p &lt; .001, 100–199 hr: β = 0.15, p &lt; .001, 200 hr and more: β = 0.23, p &lt; .001) and negatively associated with number of depressive symptoms (1–99 hr: β = −0.07, p = .06, 100–199 hr: β = −0.14, p &lt; .001, 200 hr and more: β = −0.17, p &lt; .001). Friendship mediated the relationship between volunteer hours and depressive symptoms (indirect effects; 1–99 hr: β = −0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.02, −0.00], p = .03), 100–199 hr: β = −0.01, 95% CI = [−0.02, −0.00], p = .03), 200 hr and more: β = −0.02, 95% CI = [−0.03, −0.00], p = .03).DiscussionOur findings underscored the role of volunteering in generating and maintaining friendships, as well as for friendships as a pathway between volunteer hours and depressive symptoms. Providing opportunities to maintain and grow friendships in later life may be a possible intervention strategy for older adults at risk of depression.
Assigning pathogenicity for TAB2 variants using a novel scalable functional assay and expanding TAB2 disease spectrum
Authors: Xu Weiyi , Graves Andrea , Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Hegazy Lamees , Magyar Christina , Liu Zian , Nasiotis Eleni , Samee Md Abul Hassan , Burris Thomas , Lalani Seema , Zhang Lilei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHaploinsufficiency of TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (MAP3K7) binding protein 2 (TAB2) has been associated with congenital heart disease and more recently multiorgan structural abnormalities. Missense variant represents a major proportion of non-synonymous TAB2 variants reported in gnomAD (295/576) and Clinvar (16/73), most of which are variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). However, interpretation of TAB2 missense variants remains challenging because of lack of functional assays. To address this issue, we established a cell-based luciferase assay that enables high-throughput screening of TAB2 variants to assess the functional consequence for predicting variant pathogenicity. Using this platform, we screened 47 TAB2 variants including five pathogenic controls and one benign control, and the results showed that the transcriptional activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) but not nuclear factor kappa B predicts the TAB2 variant pathogenicity. This assay provides accurate functional readout for both loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function variants, which are associated with distinct phenotypes. In all, 22 out of 32 tested VUSs were reclassified. Genotype–Phenotype association showed that most patients with partial LOF variants do not exhibit congenital heart disease but high frequency of developmental delay, hypotonia and dysmorphic features, which suggests that genetic testing for TAB2 is needed for a broader spectrum of patients with more diverse phenotypes. Molecular modeling with Npl4 zinc finger (NZF) domain variants revealed that the stability of the NZF domain in TAB2 protein is crucial for AP-1 activation. In conclusion, we developed a highly effective functional assay for TAB2 variant prediction and interpretation.
The Translation Stage in LSP Lexicography: A Mixed Translation Model for LSP Bilingual Dictionary Terms
Authors: Katić Marina , Novakov Predrag 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the translation stage in LSP bilingual lexicography, where the condition of equivalence lies in the terminological/conceptual identity of the terms used in different linguistic systems. To this end, case study research was done on the corpus of the English-Serbian Dictionary of Waste Management. Seeking to provide a more extensive picture of the rendition of specialized terms, the authors propose a systematic translation framework by combining traditional Translation Theory with the modern Function Theory of Lexicography. Therefore, the LSP dictionary counterparts were analyzed from the perspectives of both theories, using a mixed translation model for both single and compound words. This paper aims to resolve the question of why the translation of the specialized dictionary terms produced the result it had, the explanation of which might help compile modern LSP bilingual dictionaries from English into Serbian, or into other languages of South-East Slavic origin.
Lower Insulin Sensitivity in Newborns With In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Exposure Who Are Uninfected in Botswana
Authors: Jao Jennifer , Sun Shan , Bonner Lauren B , Legbedze Justine , Mmasa Keolebogile N , Makhema Joseph , Mmalane Mompati , Kgole Samuel , Masasa Gosego , Moyo Sikhulile , Gerschenson Mariana , Mohammed Terence , Abrams Elaine J , Kurland Irwin J , Geffner Mitchell E , Powis Kathleen M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Few data exist on early-life metabolic perturbations in newborns with perinatal HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure but uninfected (HEU) compared to those perinatally HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU).

Methods
We enrolled pregnant persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine or lamivudine (XTC) plus dolutegravir (DTG) or efavirenz (EFV), and pregnant individuals without HIV, as well as their liveborn infants. Newborns were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) or nevirapine (NVP) postnatal prophylaxis. Preprandial homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed at birth and 1 month. Linear mixed models were fit to assess the association between in utero HIV/ARV exposure and average HOMA-IR from birth to 1 month, adjusting for confounders.

Results
Of 450 newborns, 306 were HEU. HOMA-IR was higher in newborns HEU versus HUU after adjusting for confounders (mean difference of 0.068 in log HOMA-IR, P = .037). Among newborns HEU, HOMA-IR was not significantly different between TDF/XTC/DTG versus TDF/XTC/EFV in utero ARV exposure and between AZT versus NVP newborn postnatal prophylaxis arms.

Conclusions
Newborns HEU versus HUU had lower insulin sensitivity at birth and at 1 month of life, raising potential concern for obesity and other metabolic perturbations later in life for newborns HEU.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03088410.