bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of immune abnormalities with symptom severity in Egyptian autistic children
Authors: Raouf Haiam A. , Kholoussi Naglaa , Kholoussi Shams , Abo-Shanab Assem M. , Ashaat Engy A. , Ashaat Neveen A. , Helwa Iman 
Published: July 2022

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a spectrum of behavioral anomalies described by having impaired social interaction and communication. It is usually accompanied by repetitive and stereotyped behavior. ASD likely develops from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Among suggestions, one has been persistently proposed where an immune dysfunction was related to certain forms of ASD. Growing evidence of autoimmune phenomena in patients with ASD may represent the occurrence of changed or perhaps unsuitable immune responses in this disorder.

Objectives
This study was aimed to evaluate cell-mediated as well as humoral immunity in children with ASD. This was through evaluation of lymphocyte count (CD3, CD16, and CD19) and estimation of the serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, and IgA).

Patients and methods
This study was carried out in the National Research Centre. A total of 50 newly diagnosed children with ASD were included (33 males and 17 females), with an age range from 3 to 8 years, in addition to 50 apparently healthy age-matched and sex-matched participants as a control group. CD3, CD16, and CD19 were estimated using flow cytometry. Serum Ig levels were measured using immunonephelometry.

Results and conclusion
The study results revealed that children with autism had significantly lower CD19 in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). Autistic children also had considerably higher numbers of CD16 (P<0.001) and significant increased absolute lymphocyte count (P=0.034) in comparison with healthy controls. CD3% and absolute CD16 count were significantly positive correlated with Childhood Autism Rating Scale score in children with ASD (P=0.004 and 0.025, respectively). An increased total lymphocyte and natural killer cell count together with decreased B lymphocyte count and positive correlations in CD3 and absolute CD16 count with Childhood Autism Rating Scale score in participants with ASD revealed the impaired cell-mediated immunity in participants with ASD, and these tests might be useful as diagnostic markers for ASD and its degree of severity.
Haematological Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subjects at Central Hospital Agbor, Nigeria
Authors: Isibor Clement Ndudi , Adu Matthew Eturhobore 
Published: July 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe public health problem in Nigeria that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has its attendant effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological profile of 146 newly diagnosed patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis attending Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State. A total of 38 Mycobacterium tuberculosis negative individuals were monitored as control. Five millilitres of venous blood were collected into EDTA containers. Complete blood count (Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, total white cell count, lymphocyte, platelet and neutrophil counts) was estimated using Sysmex XP 300 – haematology analyser. SPSS was used to analyse the data. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in the total white blood cell counts between tuberculosis subjects and control subjects. Tuberculosis patients had significantly lower (p <0.05) haemoglobin levels (9.81 ± 0.24) than control (12.08 ± 0.42). There were significantly higher (p <0.05) platelet counts among tuberculosis patients (314.09 21.84) than controls subjects (279.35 ± 20.29). The lymphocyte (%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in tuberculosis than controls; and neutrophil (%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in tuberculosis (54.78 ± 2.64) than in controls (49.28 ± 2 .73). There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in the mean cell haemoglobin of tuberculosis and control subjects when compared. However, there was a significantly lower (p <0.05) mean cell haemoglobin concentration among the in tuberculosis-associated complications. tuberculosis patients compared to controls There was significantly higher (p <0.05) Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) among the tuberculosis subjects when compared with controls. There were observed haematological abnormalities in tuberculosis subjects in the study area. The study identified that NLR and PLCR as novel biomarkers for monitoring systemic inflammation in tuberculosis. It is therefore pertinent to estimate haematological parameters early in tuberculosis subjects to help in informed clinical decision making in the management of these subjects.
Effect of Soot Inhalation on Methaemoglobin and Oxyhaemoglobin Levels of some Residents of Iwofe, Port Harcourt Rivers state, Nigeria.
Authors: Christian Serekara Gideon , Chukuigwe-Igbere Orokwu Eziaku , Jacob Ransom Baribefii , Ejimmadu Happiness Nkiruka 
Published: July 2022

Soot is a mass of impure particles of carbon obtained from incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. Soot is an ultrafine air-borne pollutant and enters into the body through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation causing devastating effects on the blood cells. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soot inhalation on methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin levels of individuals resident in both Iwofe, Port Harcourt (exposed subjects) and Ihiala, Anambra state (control subjects). The study is a case control study involving residents of Iwofe, Rumuolumeni, who have been exposed to soot pollution in the environment for an average period of one year. Iwofe is in Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of fifty (50) test samples were obtained. Thirty control samples were obtained from subjects in Ihiala a city located in the South of Anambra state where illegal oil refineries and other major means of soot generation are not as comparable to what is present in Port Harcourt and its environs. Methaemoglobin and Oxyhaemoglobin concentrations were analyzed using spectrophotometric method. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (t-test). The student t-test was used to test for difference in the methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin levels between the exposed subjects and non-exposed controls and based on age groups and gender. An error of probability (p ≤ 0.05) is considered levels of exposed subjects showing the effect of soot inhalation. Activities of illegal oil refineries (a major source of soot pollution in the city) should be stopped along with other activities like burning of tyres, indiscriminate burning of wastes and gas flaring etc.
Pengaruh Rasio Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Terhadap Profitabilitas Dengan Pengungkapan Islamic Sosial Responsibility (Isr) Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Cantia Lambada Oni Mirfa , Lindrianasari  , Widiyanti Ade , Andi Kiagus 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh Rasio Tingkat Kesehatan Bank yang terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah dengan pengungkapan Islamic Social Responsibility sebagai variabel Moderating pada Bank Umum syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Jenis penelitian yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deksriptif pendekatan kuantitif yang diukur dengan menggunakan metode berbasis data panel dengan program Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 25.0. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah Bank Umum syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia yang terdaftar OJK dan BNM pada tahun 2017 hingga 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa NPF berpengaruh negative signifikan terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan ROA. CAR tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial atau individu terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan ROA. NIM berpengaruh positif signifikan secara parsial individu terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan ROA. GCG tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial atau individu terhadap Variabel ROA. Pengungkapan Islamic Social Responsibility mampu memoderasi dan memperkuat pengaruh NPF secara signifikan terhadap variabel ROA. pengungkapan Islamic Social Responsibility mampu memoderasi pengaruh CAR namun tidak signifikan terhadap variabel ROA. pengungkapan Islamic Social Responsibility mampu memoderasi pengaruh NIM namun tidak signifikan terhadap Variabel. pengungkapan Islamic Social Responsibility mampu memoderasi pengaruh GCG namun tidak signifikan terhadap Variabel ROA
O contributo da imagem de difusão no diagnóstico do carcinoma da mama
Authors: Tinoco Paulo , Ferreira Ana Filipa 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Estudar os valores médios dos coeficientes aparentes de difusão dos diferentes tecidos e a sua capacidade na diferenciação dos diferentes tipos de tecidos histológicos das lesões mamárias malignas.
Materiais e Métodos: Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo-correlacional, no qual se realizou a recolha dos valores de coeficientes aparentes de difusão referentes aos exames de ressonância magnética mamária realizados durante um semestre num serviço público de radiologia. A amostra incluiu 31 utentes, entre os 32 e os 75 anos, com lesão mamária confirmada através de biópsia ou peça operatória. O tratamento e análise estatística foram efetuados com recurso ao Excel e SPSS.
Resultados: As lesões benignas apresentaram valores médios de coeficientes aparentes de difusão de 1,58 x10-3mm2/s, enquanto as lesões malignas apresentaram valores coeficientes aparentes de difusão médios de 0,89 x10-3mm2/s. Relativamente aos vários tipos de tecidos histológicos encontrámos valores de coeficientes aparentes de difusão médios para o carcinoma ductal invasivo de 0,87 x10-3mm2/s, de 0,99 x10-3mm2/s para o carcinoma ductal in situs e de 0,85x10-3 mm2/s para o carcinoma lobular invasivo.
Conclusão: Os valores de coeficientes aparentes de difusão permitem fazer a diferenciação entre lesões benignas, lesões malignas e tecido fibroglandular saudável, não sendo, contudo possível estabelecer intervalos entre os vários tipos de tecidos histológicos das lesões mamárias malignas.
Fatores de impacto na qualidade da angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computorizada no diagnóstico do tromboembolismo
Authors: Cabral Michaela , Freitas Davide , Rodrigues António 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O tromboembolismo pulmonar é uma patologia relevante, nomeadamente em contexto de urgência, com aumento da incidência e seu risco inerente. A Angiografia Pulmonar por Tomografia Computorizada é o método de imagem médica de primeira linha.
Objetivos: O objetivo principal do estudo é avaliar o impacto de alguns parâmetros inerentes ao procedimento na qualidade de imagem em contexto de urgência.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal e retrospetivo com a recolha de 30 estudos de um Centro Hospitalar. A avaliação da qualidade de imagem foi realizada quantitativamente e qualitativamente.
Resultados: Dos 30 estudos, apenas 5 pacientes foram diagnosticados com tromboembolismo pulmonar. O artefacto provocado pela veia cava superior foi detetado em 29 exames, e o artefacto de movimento respiratório foi detetado em 12 exames. Apenas 1 estudo apresentou uma classificação de 1 na avaliação da qualidade de imagem final, refletindo uma má qualidade de diagnóstico. As unidades de Hounsfield médias no tronco pulmonar, artéria pulmonar direita e artéria pulmonar esquerda foram 397,27±121,75 unidades Hounsfiled, 377,97±115,06 unidades Hounsfiled , 376,27±113,34 unidades Hounsfield, respetivamente.
Conclusão: Verificou-se ser possível alterar alguns fatores do protocolo mantendo a qualidade de imagem final, nomeadamente o volume de contraste utilizado. O artefacto mais comum foi o artefacto provocado pela veia cava superior, sendo que não influencia significativamente a qualidade de diagnóstico. O fluxo mínimo de injeção de contraste é de 3,5ml/s, sendo que o local da entrada de contraste não teve inferência na qualidade do estudo.
Eksistensi Filsafat Ekonomi Syari’ah sebagai Landasan Filosofis Perbankan Syari’ah di Indonesia
Authors: Putra Haris Maiza , Abdurohman Dede , Ahyani Hisam 
Published: July 2022

An economy based on sharia has concepts and teachings that can provide welfare equally to mankind. Therefore, Islamic economic philosophy is the main key in the development of the human economy. The purpose of this study is to discuss the existence of Islamic economic philosophy in the digital era (why is Islamic economic philosophy needed? This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. By explaining Muhammad Abdul Mannan's view on the importance of Islamic economics. The results show that the existence of Islamic economics in the digital era is starting to increase. This is not only recognized by internal Muslims, but also by non-Muslims. The urgency of the Islamic economic system provides a strong awareness that Islamic economics can overcome problems that arise from the conventional economic system. There are seven reasons that make Islamic economics indispensable; ideological interests (ideological imperatives), economic interests (economic imperatives), social interests (social imperatives), moral and ethical interests (moral and ethical imperatives), political interests (political imperatives), historical perspectives (historical perspective) , and international imperatives. As a result, Islamic banking, which incidentally is a financial institution in accordance with the ideology of the Indonesian nation, needs to be developed, so that the economy in Indonesia can progress by developing Islamic banks.
Abstrak
Ekonomi yang berlandaskan syari’ah memiliki konsep dan ajaran yang dapat memberikan kesejahteraan secara merata kepada umat manusia. Maka dari itu filsafat ekonomi syariah menjadi kunci utama dalam pembangunan perekonomian manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas eksistensi filsafat ekonomi syari’ah di era digital (kenapa filsafat ekonomi syari’ah diperlukan? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Dengan menjelaskan pandangan Muhammad Abdul Mannan tentang pentingnya ilmu ekonomi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi ekonomi Islam di era digital mulai meningkat. Hal ini tidak hanya diakui oleh internal umat Islam, tetapi juga oleh kalangan non muslim. Urgensi sistem ekonomi Islam memberikan kesadaran kuat bahwa ekonomi Islam dapat menanggulangi permasalahan yang muncul dari sistem ekonomi konvensional. Ada tujuh alasan yang membuat ilmu ekonomi Islam sangat diperlukan; kepentingan ideologi (ideological imperatives), kepentingan ekonomi (economics imperatives), kepentingan sosial (social imperatives), kepentingan moral dan etika (moral and ethical imperatives), kepentingan politik (political imperatives), perspektif Sejarah (historical perspective), dan kepentingan internasional (international imperatives). Alhasil, perbankan syariah yang notabene sebagai lembaga keuangan yang sesuai dengan ideologi bangsa Indonesia perlu dikembangkan, sehingga perekonomian di Indonesia dapat maju dengan mengembangkan perbankan-perbankan syariah.
The Influence of Classroom Environment on Students Academic Performance in Secondary Schools within the Bamenda II Municipality, North West Region – Cameroon
Authors: Ambei Moses Chu 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This paper investigated the influence of classroom environment on the academic performance of students in secondary schools within the Bamenda II Municipality. More specifically, this study investigated the influence of classroom environment on the academic performance of students in secondary schools within the Bamenda II, Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon.
Methodology: One hundred and sixty two (162) students were sampled across three secondary schools to get their opinion on the issue under investigation. A cross-sectional survey research design was used and the sample of the study emerged through a simple random and convenient sampling techniques. A questionnaire was administered on the respondents. The questionnaires were analyzed based on the research hypothesis.
Findings: The findings indicated that the classroom environment has a significant influence on the academic performance of the students.
Recommendation: From the findings, it was recommended that; corporate organizations and individuals should be encouraged by the schools to donate generously in cash and kind for the provision of staff educational development and construction of more classes.
DETERMINANTS OF LOAN DEFAULTS IN TWO SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN SUMBAWANGA MUNICIPALITY, TANZANIA
Authors: Mwembezi Gaspar P , Kalimang’asi Natalia N , Lusanjala Geoffrey A 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The study intended to determine business and FIs characteristics influencing likelihood of loan borrower defaults in two selected financial institutions (FIs) in Sumbawanga Municipality.
Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to National Microfinance Bank (NMB) and Cooperative Rural Development Bank (CRDB). Simple random sampling was used to select a total of 158 respondents out of 158 groups of loan borrowers. The study used cross-sectional research design to gather information. The study used both primary data and secondary data. A structured and semi-structured interview was used to collect primary data. Secondary data were collected through a documentary review of published and unpublished materials related to loan default in Financial Institutions. Binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the factors influencing the likelihood of borrowers to default and descriptive statistic was used to analyse loan default rate.
Findings: Results revealed that rate of loan defaults has been decreasing from 9.5% to 2% for the period between 2013 and 2018 due to proper screening of borrowers as well as credit rationing. Age of respondents, business management education, business type, loan use and interest rate charges were statistically significant factors influencing borrower defaults in the study area.
Recommendations: Based on findings, the study recommends, any appropriate policy measures directed on provision of business management education, appropriate loan use, entrepreneurial skills and reduced interest charges will significantly reduce rate of loan borrower defaults. Capacity of loan borrower should be built through regular training and seminars workshops to enable them to management their businesses and therefore improve their economic status.
Towards People Crowd Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Obbo Aggrey , Ariho Pius , Nabaasa Evarist 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine and propose the use of wireless sensor networks for people crowd detection in resource constrained environments such as developing economies.
Methodology: A systematic review was carried out on current technological trends and application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in crowd detection. For this study, focus was on WSN implementation in developing economies, where infrastructure is underdeveloped and people crowds are dynamic and spontaneous. Based on a requirement analysis and knowledge of the inherent challenges of WSNs, a WSN implementation for people crowd detection was proposed.
Findings: Most studies in crowd detection using WSNs, have been in the area of non-people crowds. However issues critical to deployment of WSNs for people crowd detection in developing countries include: the uncontrollable nature of people crowds, under developed physical infrastructure and the inherent challenges of power, computational capacity and broadcast communication characterizing WSNs. Achieving people crowd detection using WSNs therefore, calls for special attention.
Recommendation: To ensure effective people crowd detection, requires taking into consideration connectivity, scalability, performance, security, accuracy and resource utilization of WSNs.
Measuring Students' Learning and Attitude as Exposed to Microscale Laboratory Experiments in Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Urbano Roselle , De Jesus Herbert , Dimla Ponciano 
Published: July 2022

Microscale chemistry is an approach to conducting chemistry experiments which can help overcome increased concerns about environmental pollution problems as well as rising laboratory costs. It is accomplished by using miniature labware and significantly reduced amounts of chemicals. The main goal of this study was to explore whether the use of microscale chemistry experiments can increase student’s understanding of chemistry concepts and improve attitude towards chemistry practical work. Quasi-experimental design without control group was used to determine from purposively selected class of 40 freshman students of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE). The students worked in groups on eight microscale chemistry experiments in a period of 8 weeks. Pre and post-test were administered before and after the treatment. Results revealed that microscale approach significantly improved student chemistry academic performance. Students’ perception of microscale is positive. Findings showed that the microscale approach can increase understanding of chemistry concepts.

Keywords: learning, students’ attitude, microscale laboratory