bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping as complementary tools in the diagnosis of parkinsonisms
Authors: Mazzucchi Sonia , Del Prete Eleonora , Costagli Mauro , Frosini Daniela , Paoli Davide , Migaleddu Gianmichele , Cecchi Paolo , Donatelli Graziella , Morganti Riccardo , Siciliano Gabriele , Cosottini Mirco , Ceravolo Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIn the quest for in vivo diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate Parkinson's disease (PD) from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA, mainly p phenotype), many advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been studied. Morphometric indices, such as the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI), demonstrated high diagnostic value in the comparison between PD and PSP. The potential of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was hypothesized, as increased magnetic susceptibility (Δχ) was reported in the red nucleus (RN) and medial part of the substantia nigra (SNImed) of PSP patients and in the putamen of MSA patients. However, disease‐specific susceptibility values for relevant regions of interest are yet to be identified. The aims of the study were to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a multimodal MRI protocol combining morphometric and QSM imaging in patients with determined parkinsonisms and to explore its value in a population of undetermined cases.MethodPatients with suspected degenerative parkinsonism underwent clinical evaluation, 3 T brain MRI and clinical follow‐up. The MRPI was manually calculated on T1‐weighted images. QSM maps were generated from 3D multi‐echo T2*‐weighted sequences.ResultsIn determined cases the morphometric evaluation confirmed optimal diagnostic accuracy in the comparison between PD and PSP but failed to discriminate PD from MSA‐p. Significant nigral and extranigral differences were found with QSM. RN Δχ showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in the comparison between PD and PSP and good accuracy in the comparison of PD and MSA‐p. Optimal susceptibility cut‐off values of RN and SNImed were tested in undetermined cases in addition to MRPI.ConclusionsA combined use of morphometric imaging and QSM could improve the diagnostic phase of degenerative parkinsonisms.
Evidence that the anti‐inflammatory effect of 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromenes is linked to macrophage repolarization
Authors: dos Reis Gustavo O. , da Rosa Julia S. , Lubschinksi Taina L. , Martin Erlon F. , Sandjo Louis P. , Dalmarco Eduardo M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe inflammatory response is a common feature of many pathological conditions, and there is urgent necessity for new substances that minimize the harmful effects of inflammation. Chromenes represent a class of compounds with multiple pharmacological actions that have already been described and may be potential candidates for studies of therapeutic action. This study aimed to test novel 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromene‐derived molecules in an in vitro model of inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced Raw 264.7 cells. Seven compounds derived from 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromene were tested on Raw 264.7 cells to evaluate their cytotoxic effects. Next, the effect of the selected compounds on the pro‐inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α], monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 [MCP‐1], interleukin [IL]‐6) and on the anti‐inflammatory mediators (IL‐10 and IL‐13) was analyzed, and finally, the effect of the compounds on macrophage apoptosis and expression of surface receptors (toll‐like receptor 4 [TLR‐4] and mannose) was evaluated. The results of this study demonstrated that changes in the molecular structure of 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromene altered its cytotoxic profile. Therefore, derivatives that showed safe results were selected for further analyses (named compounds: 4–6). In these experiments, the compounds were able to decrease nitric oxide (NO) levels and production of MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐13. Furthermore, these derivatives were effective in reducing macrophage apoptosis and the expression of surface receptors, as TLR‐4/CD284. Moreover, compounds 5 and 6 also were effective in increasing mannose receptor (CD206) expression. The results indicate, for the first time to our knowledge, that the anti‐inflammatory effect produced by chromenes is linked to macrophage repolarization (M1 to M2).
Identification of characteristic flavour compounds and quality analysis in extra virgin olive oil based on HS‐GC‐IMS
Authors: Jing Quan , Huang Xin‐Yi , Lu Cong‐Hui , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: June 2022

SummaryHow to quickly and accurately identify different grades of olive oil has always been a difficult problem. In this study, fifty‐four volatile flavour compounds were identified by HS‐GC‐IMS analysis of different grades of olive oil, and sensory analysis of volatile compounds was carried out based on literature, among which fifteen compounds were identified from olive oil for the first time. Volatile component fingerprint, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were adopted to establish the classification model of different grades of olive oil, which had good fitting and prediction ability. Combined with the PLS‐DA model and literature, seven characteristic flavour substances having fruity and green properties, including (E)‐2‐hexenal‐D, (E)‐2‐pentenal‐M/D, 3‐pentanone, 1‐penten‐3‐one, 2,3‐pentanedione, (E)‐3‐penten‐2‐one‐D and 2‐methylbutanal were confirmed. The contents of these characteristic flavour substances in extra virgin olive oil and other grades were significantly different, which could be regarded as characteristic markers to distinguish different grades of olive oil. In addition, the grades of 11 olive oils were predicted by this PLS‐DA model. The results showed that the model had a good ability to discriminate different grades of olive oil.
Inhibitory effects of pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) leaf extract on lipid and protein oxidation during the processing of Chinese traditional dry‐cured meat (larou)
Authors: Zhao Shengming , Yuan Xiaorui , Li Zhao , Zhao Yanyan , Zhou Haixu , Kang Zhuangli , Ma Hanjun 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis study investigated the antioxidant properties of pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZL) extract as a natural oxidative agent against lipid and protein oxidation during larou processing. The phenolic profile of the ZL extract was assessed by HPLC and the ZL extract exhibited high 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) (0.46 ± 0.07 mg mL−1) and 2,‐2′‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) (0.38 ± 0.04 mg mL−1) radical scavenging activity. The lipid and protein oxidation of larou was evaluated during the whole process with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% ZL extracts. Results showed that larou incorporation with ZL extracts significantly delayed the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and peroxide values (POV), and carbonyls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity were decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that the deceleration of sulfhydryl and protein solubility loss was observed in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, owing to the inhibitory effect of ZL extracts on lipid and protein oxidation, the sensory qualities of larou were improved during processing with increasing concentrations of ZL extract. These results suggested that ZL extract has huge prospects for application in dry‐cured meat processing.
Association of insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents: Findings from a cross‐sectional provincial surveillance project in Jiangsu
Authors: Chen Sunan , Zhang Xiyan , Du Wei , Fan Lijun , Zhang Fengyun 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundInsufficient sleep and skipping breakfast are very common phenomena in China and have been proposed as possible causes of overweight/obesity, but the results of former studies remain inconsistent.ObjectiveTo investigate the individual and joint association of insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast with overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China.MethodsParticipants were 36 849 students aged 8–17 years from the 2019–2020 project “Surveillance for common disease and health risk factors among students.” Self‐reported insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast were ascertained by self‐reported sleep duration and breakfast habit. Overweight/obesity was assessed according to the gender‐ and age‐specific body mass index. We used logistic regression models to explore the association of sleep and breakfast with overweight/obesity, and stratification analyses to test age or gender differences.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 33.2%. Insufficient sleep (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03–1.16) or skipping breakfast (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07–1.21) was associated with overweight/obesity. Compared to participants with ‘sufficient sleep and breakfast’, ORs were 1.25 (95% CI = 1.15–1.35) for those with ‘both insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast’. The separate and joint association of sleep and breakfast with overweight/obesity remained generally consistent across different age and gender subgroups, except that the 8–12‐year‐olds group and female students appear more susceptible.ConclusionsInsufficient sleep and skipping breakfast were jointly associated with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Appropriate attention should be paid to these modifiable behaviours including sleep and breakfast in the context of the rapidly growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents.
A multi-functional anti-aging moisturizer maintains a diverse and balanced facial skin microbiome
Authors: Iglesia Sofia , Kononov Tatiana , Zahr Alisar S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
To assess the effect of a 28-day skincare regimen in healthy female subjects on the facial skin microbiome composition and to determine whether the skincare regimen including a gentle cleansing lotion, a multi-functional anti-aging moisturizer formulated with prebiotics and postbiotics at skin neutral pH, and bland sunscreen pushed the microbiome to a healthier state and improved skin aging measured by self-assessment and clinical photography.

Methods and Results
The study protocol was in accordance with the EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) guidance and met all international standards. In all, 25 female subjects between 35 and 65 years old with Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI, moderate crow's feet wrinkles and global face photodamage were enrolled. After 28 days, the skincare regimen improved microbial facial diversity and shifted the microbiota composition when compared to baseline.

Conclusions
After 28 days, the skincare regimen treatment shifted the distribution of the facial skin microbiome, positively influencing the skin microbiome diversity and balance, to promote long-term skin health and protect from further skin aging.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These results suggest that incorporating prebiotics and postbiotics into a skincare regimen may have a positive impact on the facial skin microbiome in healthy women.
“Walking on both sides of the fence”: A qualitative exploration of the challenges and opportunities facing emergent clinician‐scientists in child health
Authors: Pritchard Lesley , Bright Katherine S. , Walsh Catharine M. , Samuel Susan , Li Queenie K. W. , Wollny Krista , Twilt Marinka , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne , Pires Linda , Dimitropoulos Gina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesWhile paediatric clinician‐scientists are ideally positioned to generate clinically relevant research and translate research evidence into practice, they face challenges in this dual role. The authors sought to explore the unique contributions, opportunities, and challenges of paediatric clinician‐scientists, including issues related to training and ongoing support needs to ensure their success.MethodThe authors used a qualitative descriptive approach with thematic analysis to explore the experiences of clinician‐scientist stakeholders in child health (n = 39). Semi‐structured interviews (60 min) were conducted virtually and recorded. Thematic analysis was conducted according to the phases outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006).ResultsThe analysis resulted in the creation of three themes: (1) “Walking on both sides of the fence”: unique positioning of clinician‐scientists for advancing clinical practice and research; (2) the clinician‐scientist: a specialized role with significant challenges; and (3) beyond the basics of clinical and research training programmes: essential skill sets and knowledge for future clinician‐scientists.ConclusionsWhile clinician‐scientists can make unique contributions to the advancement of evidence‐based practice, they face significant barriers straddling their dual roles including divergent institutional cultures in healthcare and academia and a lack of infrastructure to effectively support clinician‐scientist positions. Training programmes can play an important role in mentoring and supporting early‐career clinician‐scientists.
Multi‐mineral petrochronology on a high‐pressure mafic granulite reveals short‐lived high‐temperature metamorphism in the North China Craton
Authors: Li Xiao‐Meng , Cheng Hao , Dragovic Besim , Du Kai‐Yang , Zhou Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurately defining the peak ages and timescales of high‐temperature metamorphism is fundamental to unravelling tectonic dynamics. However, metamorphic constraints are frequently hampered by a large spread of zircon U–Pb ages without explicit textural relationships. Integrated garnet and zircon petrochronology may clarify ambiguous ages retrieved from ancient high‐temperature metamorphic rocks. There is a long‐standing debate on the interpretation of the spread of zircon ages from c. 2.5–1.8 Ga for the granulites of the North China Craton. In order to clarify the timing and duration of (ultra)high‐temperature metamorphism in the North China Craton, we investigated a mafic granulite and the adjoining gneiss from the Yinshan Block of the North China Craton using zircon and titanite U–Pb geochronology combined with garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd geochronology. Pseudosection modelling and conventional thermobarometric calculations constrain the peak metamorphic conditions to be ~1.0 GPa and ~850°C. The near‐complete lack of major‐element zoning in garnet, aside from ~2 μm diffusion profiles at crystal rims, suggests complete re‐equilibration at peak temperatures followed by fast cooling from high temperatures. The Lu–Hf garnet age of 1870 ± 4 Ma and Sm–Nd age of 1870 ± 7 Ma, determined on the same garnet fractions, are indistinguishable from the zircon U–Pb age of 1866 ± 11 Ma obtained from zircon that grew contemporaneously with garnet, evidenced by the chemical equilibrium of coexisting garnet and zircon, and are additionally consistent with a titanite U–Pb age of 1876 ± 7 Ma. We interpret this close agreement of ages, within uncertainty, coupled to the existence of flat Sm–Nd–Hf profiles in garnet that also has well‐preserved Lu zoning, to reflect a short‐lived high‐temperature metamorphic event that was terminated by rapid exhumation and cooling. The short‐lived (<4 Myr) high‐temperature metamorphism may be generated in the lowermost parts of the crust through magmatic underplating/intraplating during extension that follows collision of the Ordos and the Yinshan Blocks.
Preface to the special issue “Psychedelics and Neurochemistry”
Authors: Nichols Charles D. , Nichols David E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPsychedelics are a relatively recent field of research that had not gained much support half a century ago, yet it developed into a much acknowledged, highly relevant field that extends to many people's lives. Psychedelics have demonstrated profound and durable therapeutic potential for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, among others. In this special issue, basic science of psychedelics is reviewed with respect to fundamental cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms, all the way up to the human systems level with clinical reviews. We hope the articles, authored by leading scientists in their field, will help to understand better the role of the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor in particular in healthy and diseased brain function.
Association of BRCA1/2 mutations with prognosis and surgical cytoreduction outcomes in ovarian cancer patients: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yazhuo , Li Na , Ren Yanan , Zhao Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of BRCA mutations on survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients and assess whether the BRCA status was an independent predictor of complete cytoreduction.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies that evaluated the associations among BRCA mutations, ovarian cancer survival and surgical cytoreduction before August 2021 based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsWe identified 61 articles that compared the clinical features, survival outcomes, and optimal surgical cytoreduction rates between BRCA‐positive patients and BRCA‐negative patients. The results showed that BRCA mutation carriers were diagnosed with ovarian cancer at a younger age than the age at which nonmutation carriers were diagnosed. In addition, BRCA mutation carriers were more likely to be in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III‐IV, and the pathological grade was commonly grade 3. The pathological type of BRCA mutation carriers was more likely to be high‐grade serous carcinoma. Patients with BRCA mutations had higher response rates to platinum‐based chemotherapy than the noncarriers. However, patients in both groups had equivalent rates of surgical cytoreduction, and BRCA‐positive patients had longer overall survival (OS) time (HR = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59, 0.73; p < 0.001) and longer progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.82; p < 0.001).ConclusionBRCA mutations appear to be associated with improved OS and PFS in patients with ovarian cancer. However, we did not find any difference in the surgical resection rate between participants in the two groups.
BMI is positively associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in twin pairs discordant for body mass index
Authors: Lundgren Sara , Kuitunen Sara , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Hurme Mikko , Kähönen Mika , Männistö Satu , Perola Markus , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli , Kaprio Jaakko , Ollikainen Miina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a heritable complex phenotype that can increase the risk of age‐related outcomes. Biological age can be estimated from DNA methylation (DNAm) using various “epigenetic clocks.” Previous work suggests individuals with elevated weight also display accelerated aging, but results vary by epigenetic clock and population. Here, we utilize the new epigenetic clock GrimAge, which closely correlates with mortality.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the cross‐sectional association of body mass index (BMI) with age acceleration in twins to limit confounding by genetics and shared environment.Methods and resultsParticipants were from the Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC; n = 1424), including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and DNAm was measured using the Illumina 450K array. Multivariate linear mixed effects models including MZ and DZ twins showed an accelerated epigenetic age of 1.02 months (p‐value = 6.1 × 10–12) per one‐unit BMI increase. Additionally, heavier twins in a BMI‐discordant MZ twin pair (ΔBMI >3 kg/m2) had an epigenetic age 5.2 months older than their lighter cotwin (p‐value = 0.0074). We also found a positive association between log (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) and age acceleration, confirmed by a meta‐analysis of the FTC and two other Finnish cohorts (overall effect = 0.45 years, p‐value = 4.1 × 10–25) from adjusted models.ConclusionWe identified significant associations of BMI and insulin resistance with age acceleration based on GrimAge, which were not due to genetic effects on BMI and aging. Overall, these results support a role of BMI in aging, potentially in part due to the effects of insulin resistance.
Frontal white matter association with sleep quality and the role of stress
Authors: Bruce Heather A. , Kochunov Peter , Kvarta Mark D. , Goldwaser Eric L. , Chiappelli Joshua , Schwartz Adina , Lightner Samantha , Endres Jane , Yuen Alexa , Ma Yizhou , Van der vaart Andrew , Hatch Kathryn S. , Gao Si , Ye Zhenyao , Wu Qiong , Chen Shuo , Mitchell Braxton D. , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAn important measure of brain health is the integrity of white matter connectivity structures that link brain regions. Studies have found an association between poorer sleep quality and decreased white matter integrity. Stress is among the strongest predictors of sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep quality and white matter and to test if the relationship persisted after accounting for stress. White matter microstructures were measured by diffusion tensor imaging in a population of Old Order Amish/Mennonite (N = 240). Sleep quality was determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Current stress levels were measured by the perceived stress scale. Exposure to lifetime stress was measured by the lifetime stressor inventory. Microstructures of four white matter tracts: left and right anterior limbs of internal capsule, left anterior corona radiata, and genu of corpus callosum were significantly correlated with sleep quality (all p ≤ 0.001). The current stress level was a significant predictor of sleep quality (p ≤ 0.001) while lifetime stress was not. PSQI remained significantly associated with white matter integrity in these frontal tracts (all p < 0.01) after accounting for current stress and lifetime stress, while current and lifetime stress were not significant predictors of white matter in any of the four models. Sleep quality did not have any substantial mediation role between stress and white matter integrity. Sleep quality was significantly associated with several frontal white matter tracts that connect brain structures important for sleep regulation regardless of current or past stress levels.