bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of digital reformatting in the history of preservation knowledge: 1823–2015
Authors: Lischer-Katz Zack 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the emergence of digital reformatting as a technique for preserving information within the cultural heritage preservation community by reviewing historical trends in modern preservation research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes secondary sources, reviews and historical texts to identify trends in the intellectual and technological histories of preservation research, beginning with the first applications of the scientific method to combating book decay in the early nineteenth to the emergence of digitization techniques in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.FindingsThis paper identifies five major historical periods in the development of preservation knowledge: the early experimental era; era of microfilm experimentation; era of professionalization; era of digital library research; and the era of digital reformatting and mass digitization; and identifies three major trends in its development: empirical inquiry, standardization and centralization.Research limitations/implicationsFindings reflect broad trends in the field of preservation, primarily in a United States context and are limited to the modern era of preservation research.Practical implicationsThis paper's broad historical overview provides a reference for preservation professionals and students in library science or archives programs. Identifying historical trends enables practitioners to critically examine their own preservation techniques and make better decisions when adopting and using new preservation technologies.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique perspective on the history of preservation knowledge that synthesizes existing historical research in order to identify periods and trends that enable a clearer understanding of digital reformatting in its historical emergence.
Monetary policies and bank lending in developing countries: evidence from Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Modugu Kennedy Prince , Dempere Juan 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine monetary policies and bank lending in the emerging economies of Sub-Sahara Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic system-generalized method of moments (GMM) that overcomes issues of unobserved period and country-specific effects, as well as potential endogeneity of explanatory variables, is applied in the estimation exercise. The study uses the data for 80 banks across 20 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2010 to 2019.FindingsThe findings show that expansionary monetary policy such as an increase in money supply stimulates bank lending, while contractionary monetary policies like increase in the monetary policy rates by the central banks lead to credit contraction, albeit a weak effect due to possible underdevelopment of financial markets, institutional constraints, bank concentration and other rigidities in the system characteristic of developing countries that undermine the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission. Capital adequacy ratio and size of economic activities are other variables that significantly influence bank lending channels.Practical ImplicationSub-Sahara Africa countries can enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission on bank lending through the effective use of the transmission mechanism of changes in money supply and monetary policy rate.Originality/valueWhile greater empirical attention has been devoted to the nexus between monetary policies and macroeconomic variables in country-specific studies, the connection between monetary policies and bank lending at an extensive regional or cross-country level is still scanty. For Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a palpable lack of empirical evidence on this. This study, therefore, seeks to fill this gap in a region where the impact of monetary policies on credit intermediation is crucial to the economic diversification efforts of the governments of Sub-Sahara Africa.
Emissivity of hot-dip galvanized surfaces in future development of EN 1993-1-2
Authors: Der Batuhan , Raszková Sylvie , Wald František , Bihina Gisèle , Gaigl Christian , Rus Vasile , Malaska Mikko 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study aims to propose a new design value, based on experimental and numerical studies, for surface emissivity of zinc hot-dip galvanized members exposed to fire.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sums up experiments, used specimens and also shows results. Four experiments were performed in a horizontal furnace and one test in a fire compartment of the experimental building. Several tests were carried out for determination of the surface emissivity of galvanized steel structures in fire. The experimental and numerical studies were used for preparation of new generation of the structural steel fire standard Eurocode EN 1993-1-2:2025.FindingsHot-dip galvanizing is one of the most widely used processes for corrosion protection of steel products. The new design value for surface emissivity of zinc hot-dip galvanized members exposed to fire is determined using experimental results as 0.35. The value is proposed for next generation of EN 1993-1-2:2025. If hot-dip galvanization additionally can contribute beneficially to the fire resistance of unprotected steel members, it would be a huge economic advantage.Originality/valueExperimental studies in the past years have indicated the influence of hot-dip galvanizing on the heating of steel members. This study suggests 50% reduction of the surface emissivity of a carbon steel member. This amendment will be incorporated in future versions of Eurocodes 3 and 4 and has already been implemented in some fire design tools for steel members in order to consider the beneficial contribution of hot-dip galvanized for fire-resistance requirements of less than 60 min.
A bibliometric evaluation and critical review of the smart city concept – making a case for social equity
Authors: Okafor Chigozie Collins , Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to promote the idea that social equity is a significant objective that needs to be achieved to attain a smart city and further reveal the current research focus of smart city in relation to social equity. Also, it will propose determinants of social equity for smart city development.

Design/methodology/approach
The first part of this study was conducted by reviewing ten existing smart city models and assessing their elements, in a bid to find a relationship between the existing smart city models and social equity. These models were sorts from scholarly publications such as books, journals and other related articles sourced from google scholar and Scopus database. To give more credence to this study, a second aspect of this study was necessary; this was conducted using a bibliometric approach, and the data was gathered from the Scopus database. Keywords such as “smart-city” OR “Digital-city” OR “Intelligent-city” OR “Computer-city” OR “Technology-city” AND “Social-equity” were used for article extraction. VOSview was used to analyse the bibliographic data obtained.

Findings
This research revealed that studies that relate, link or discuss the idea that social equity is a significant objective that needs to be achieved to attain a smart city are low considering that only 48 articles were extracted, and most of the studies did not specifically focus on social equity in smart city development. Further findings revealed that the ten reviewed smart city models never linked or discussed the idea of social equity in smart city development. Additionally, this study revealed that emerging countries aiming to develop smart cities, particularly in Africa, are not paying much attention to the importance of creating social equity policies to attain smart cities.

Practical implications
This study revealed a knowledge gap in the study of smart cities in developing countries. Governments of various developing countries can implement the ideas from this study by creating and applying social equity policies to drive sustainable development, which will positively influence smart city attainment.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study is that it promotes the idea that social equity is a significant objective that needs to be achieved to attain smart cities. This study’s further originality and value lie in adopting a bibliometric approach of analysis that has not been used in this form in previous studies.
Learning by… Knowledge and skills acquisition through work-based learning and research
Authors: Fergusson Lee 
Published: January 2022

PurposeIssues around informal, non-formal and formal learning, intended and unintended learning and competencies and capabilities have been considered in work-based learning (WBL). However, demarcated modes of learning, or what can be called strategies or pedagogies of learning, associated with experience of work environments have yet to be examined. One mode of learning which has been highlighted in relation to work is reflective practice, and its centrality to learning at work has been established. But reflective practice as a core skill, and its relation to other approaches to learning and research in WBL, remains uncovered. The purpose of the present study therefore is to identify different modes of learning as they appear in the literature and to present a proto-theoretical “learning by …” model for WBL and research founded on learning by reflection.Design/methodology/approachProto-theoretical modelling and qualitative descriptions of each mode of learning.FindingsWork environments, and the higher degree WBL programmes which support them, should provide learning via every available mode of learning, thereby allowing students to find their own best orientation to learning and encourage it by any means.Originality/valueThe proto-theoretical model and 12 modes of learning applied to WBL are unique to this study. WBL provides participants of work with multiple opportunities and approaches to learn and similarly provides multiple modes through which learning can occur on the basis of knowledge and skills in reflective practice.
Densification behaviour of pure copper processed through cold pressing and binder jetting under different atmospheres
Authors: Romano Tobia , Migliori Emanuele , Mariani Marco , Lecis Nora , Vedani Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Binder jetting is a promising route to produce complex copper components for electronic/thermal applications. This paper aims to lay a framework for determining the effects of sintering parameters on the final microstructure of copper parts fabricated through binder jetting.

Design/methodology/approach
The knowledge gained from well-established powder metallurgy processes was leveraged to study the densification behaviour of a fine high-purity copper powder (D50 of 3.4 µm) processed via binder jetting, by performing dilatometry and microstructural characterization. The effects of sintering parameters on densification of samples obtained with a commercial water-based binder were also explored.

Findings
Sintering started at lower temperature in cold-pressed (∼680 °C) than in binder jetted parts (∼900 °C), because the strain energy introduced by powder compression reduces the sintering activation energy. Vacuum sintering promoted pore closure, resulting in greater and more uniform densification than sintering in argon, as argon pressure stabilizes the residual porosity. About 6.9% residual porosity was obtained with air sintering in the presence of graphite, promoting solid-state diffusion by copper oxide reduction.

Originality/value
This paper reports the first systematic characterization of the thermal events occurring during solid-state sintering of high-purity copper under different atmospheres. The results can be used to optimize the sintering parameters for the manufacturing of complex copper components through binder jetting.
Educators' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of screeners for developmental language disorder and dyslexia
Authors: Komesidou Rouzana , Feller Melissa J. , Wolter Julie A. , Ricketts Jessie , Rasner Mary G. , Putman Coille A. , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: January 2022

Developmental language disorder (DLD) and dyslexia are common but under‐identified conditions that affect children's ability to read and comprehend text. Universal screening is a promising solution for improving under‐identification of DLD and dyslexia; however, we lack evidence for how to effectively implement and sustain screening procedures in schools. In the current study, we solicited input from educators in the United States around perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of researcher‐developed screeners for DLD and dyslexia. Using thematic analysis, we identified barriers and facilitators within five domains: (1) features of the screeners, (2) preparation for screening procedures, (3) administration of the screeners, (4) demands on users and (5) screening results. We discuss these findings and ways we can continue improving our efforts to maximise the contextual fit and utility of screening practices in schools.HighlightsWhat is already known about this topic

DLD and dyslexia are common but under‐identified disorders.
Universal screening can improve under‐identification of DLD and dyslexia.
What this paper adds

This paper presents useful information about contextual and process factors that may facilitate or hinder implementation of universal screening for DLD and dyslexia in schools.
Implications for theory, policy or practice

This paper is an important starting point in understanding what it takes to implement universal screening for DLD and dyslexia in schools. Our findings offer several suggestions of contextual and process factors that might influence the implementation trajectory. They also highlight the importance of leveraging educators' knowledge of routine practice to improve uptake of evidence‐based programmes for children with DLD and dyslexia.
Icy affairs: Understanding recent advancements in the freezing and frozen storage of fish
Authors: Jia Hui , Roy Koushik , Pan Jinfeng , Mraz Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFreezing methods have evolved over the last 30 years. This review states the effect of various freezing methods on the quality of fish and seafood. Freezing temperatures, freezing, and frozen storage temperatures were also analyzed and reviewed. The changes in the ice crystal, protein, and lipid affect the fish quality and nutritional value during freezing and frozen storage. Freezing methods when combined with various additives or preprocessing approaches help improve the efficacy of freezing and frozen storage. Several experimental or emerging methods also have positive effects on the products' quality. According to the metadata reanalysis of quality markers, freshly frozen fish using different freezing methods may vary much in terms of ice diameter, but not others. High pressure freezing or immersion freezing‐derived fish retains the best quality through frozen storage. More data are required on freezing methods (electrical‐assisted freezing, microwave‐assisted freezing, magnetic‐assisted freezing, radiofrequency‐assisted freezing, and the commercial's application and investment should be considered in the future. This review sheds light on finding a balanced initial shear force during freezing and the use of certain additives to control freezing‐related damages. Focusing on ice diameter alone may be futile (e.g., liquid N2 freezing). Future optimization of technologies should be in a way that several processes along the farm to fork such as freezing, frozen storage, thawing, thermal processing of fish, and even refabrication of food should mutually complement each other's needs to deliver safe and high‐quality fish to the consumer's plate, even after a prolonged shelf‐life.
Aqueous ozone: Chemistry, physiochemical properties, microbial inactivation, factors influencing antimicrobial effectiveness, and application in food
Authors: Premjit Yashaswini , Sruthi N. U. , Pandiselvam R. , Kothakota Anjineyulu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe need for sustainable food production and the demand for fresh and minimally processed foods have prompted remarkable research in novel food processing technologies that ensure safe and shelf‐stable food for a large population. Long‐established techniques such as heating, drying, and freezing have been associated with nutrient loss and high energy consumption. This trend has drawn attention to the practice of employing ozone in several food applications owing to its significant disinfectant and antimicrobial efficiency. The aqueous form of ozone has been found to show greater efficacy than its gaseous form, with faster decomposition rates leaving no harmful residues. The current study presents an overview of the latest scientific literature on the properties, chemistry, and generation of aqueous ozone, emphasizing the factors affecting process efficiency. The review scrupulously focuses on food decontamination, starch modification, pesticide degradation, and seed germination effects of aqueous ozone, highlighting the optimum processing parameters and salient findings of some major studies. A brief insight into the limitations and future trends has also been presented. Aqueous ozone has been acclaimed to have the potential to cause significant changes in the food matrix that could result in constructive modifications with outcomes entirely dependent on the processing conditions. Indirect and direct reactions involving hydroxyl radical and molecular oxygen atoms, respectively, form the basis of the ozone reaction in aqueous media, providing a distinctive kind of advanced oxidation process that offers certain crucial benefits. With a shorter half‐life in water as compared to air, the rapid decomposition of aqueous ozone to oxygen, leaving no harmful residues, adds to its advantages.
Whole mulberry leaves as a promising functional food: From the alteration of phenolic compounds during spray drying and in vitro digestion
Authors: Hu Qi‐rui , Lai Peng‐wei , Chen Fang , Yu Yan‐fang , Zhang Bing , Li Hongyan , Liu Rong , Fan Yawei , Deng Ze‐yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of processing whole mulberry leaves as nutraceutical foods rich in phenolic compounds by spray drying with different drying aids. The results indicated that the spray‐dried product 6 (24.2% whey protein isolate [WPI], 33.3% mulberry leaves solid, 38.7% maltodextrin, 3.8% soybean lecithin) with high WPI/mulberry leaves solid ratio possessed the best physical properties, the highest total phenolic compounds level and antioxidant capacity among all the products. Specifically, free chlorogenic acid and rutin were increased by two to three times, but free isoquercitrin and astragalin lost more than 50% in product 6 compared with fresh mulberry leaves. For in vitro digestion, rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin (the antioxidative phenolic compounds in mulberry leaves) showed higher bioaccessibility than chlorogenic acid (p < 0.05) in product 6. Meanwhile, the phenolic compounds bioaccessibility of product 6 was 10–20 times higher than that of fresh whole mulberry leaves. Considering the increased level and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, whole mulberry leaves could be developed as potential functional foods by spray drying under the protection of WPI.Practical ApplicationThe spray‐dried whole mulberry leaves can be consumed as a beverage, meal replacement powder, or used as additive during food processing.
Characteristic volatiles analysis of Dongbei Suancai across different fermentation stages based on HS‐GC‐IMS with PCA
Authors: Han Yanqiu , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Xiao , Gao Ya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVolatile flavor compounds determine the holistic, unique, sensory characteristic of fermented food. The characteristic volatiles across the fermentation process of Dongbei Suancai (DS) were investigated by headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 19 representative flavor substances were identified in the samples. The differences of volatiles in naturally and inoculated‐fermented DS from different fermentation stages were detected. Ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 3‐methyl butanoate, acetone, butanone, 2, 3‐butanedione, and dimethyl disulfide are important volatile substances in DS, which were all found to be formed in the prophase of fermentation. As fermentation proceeds, inoculated DS showed an improved flavor with ester aromatic substances becoming enriched, including propyl bytanoate and ethyl hexanoate. Furthermore, inoculated fermentation leads to a typical component, namely 3‐methylbutanol, being generated after the addition of Lactobacillus Plantarum LND 399 as a starter. The PCA was subsequently conducted based on the signal intensity of the identified volatile substances and showed that DS samples were distinguished favorably in mutually independent comparative spaces. This study revealed that the combination of HS‐GC‐IMS and PCA is an effective tool for analysis of the characteristic volatiles in DS samples.Practical ApplicationThis study has shown that the combination of HS‐GC‐IMS and PCA is an effective tool for analysis of the characteristic volatiles in DS samples. This will provide a useful method for the identification and classification of DS flavor.
High molecular weight DNA extraction strategies for long‐read sequencing of complex metagenomes
Authors: Trigodet Florian , Lolans Karen , Fogarty Emily , Shaiber Alon , Morrison Hilary G. , Barreiro Luis , Jabri Bana , Eren A. Murat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy offering extremely long contiguous characterization of individual DNA molecules, rapidly emerging long‐read sequencing strategies offer comprehensive insights into the organization of genetic information in genomes and metagenomes. However, successful long‐read sequencing experiments demand high concentrations of highly purified DNA of high molecular weight (HMW), which limits the utility of established DNA extraction kits designed for short‐read sequencing. The challenges associated with input DNA quality intensify further when working with complex environmental samples of low microbial biomass, which requires new protocols that are tailored to study metagenomes with long‐read sequencing. Here, we use human tongue scrapings to benchmark six HMW DNA extraction strategies that are based on commercially available kits, phenol–chloroform (PC) extraction and agarose encasement followed by agarase digestion. A typical end goal of HMW DNA extractions is to obtain the longest possible reads during sequencing, which is often achieved by PC extractions, as demonstrated in sequencing of cultured cells. Yet our analyses that consider overall read‐size distribution, assembly performance and the number of circularized elements found in sequencing results suggest that column‐based kits with enzyme supplementation, rather than PC methods, may be more appropriate for long‐read sequencing of metagenomes.