bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the usability of the World Health Organization’s conventional tuberculosis guidelines to the eTB recommendations map: A two-arm superiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Matthews Micayla , Lotfi Tamara , Santesso Nancy , Loeb Mark , Mertz Dominik , Chagla Zain , Hajizadeh Anisa , Piggott Thomas , Dietl Bart , Schünemann Holger J. 
Published: October 2022

Best practices for the dissemination of global health guidelines has not undergone rigorous research. We used a new approach to digitizing World Health Organization (WHO) global tuberculosis guideline recommendations (eTB RecMap) and compared its usability to the conventional method of accessing TB recommendations using the WHO website. We conducted a two-arm superiority randomised controlled trial using a survey among global stakeholders who were past or planned future users of TB guidelines, recommendations, or policy advice. We assigned participants randomly (1:1) to complete an activity using the WHO eTB RecMap or the conventional website. The primary outcome was the accessibility of information and secondary outcomes understanding, satisfaction, and preference for one of the two formats. Between February 26 and August 29, 2021, we received 478 responses from stakeholders, of whom 244 (122 per group) were eligible and provided analysable results. Participants rated the eTB RecMap as more accessible, on average, when compared to the conventional website (on a seven-point scale, the mean difference {MD} was 0.9; 95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.6, 1.2; p < 0.001) and were more likely to correctly answer understanding questions. This is the first trial comparing digitized dissemination formats of health guideline recommendations. Stakeholders rated the WHO eTB RecMap as more accessible than the conventional WHO website for the tested recommendations. They also understood presented information better. The findings support better usability of TB information through the eTB RecMap and contribute to the effort to end the TB epidemic.Trial registration:This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04745897) on February 9, 2021.
The dual burden of animal and human zoonoses: A systematic review
Authors: Noguera Z. Liz P. , Charypkhan Duriya , Hartnack Sonja , Torgerson Paul R. , Rüegg Simon R. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Zoonoses can cause a substantial burden on both human and animal health. Globally, estimates of the dual (human and animal) burden of zoonoses are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the dual burden of zoonoses using a comparable metric, “zoonosis Disability Adjusted Life Years” (zDALY).

Methodology
We systematically reviewed studies that quantify in the same article zoonoses in animals, through monetary losses, and in humans in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). We searched EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We excluded articles that did not provide the data to estimate the zDALY or those for which full text was not available. This study was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42022313081.

Principal findings/Significance
We identified 512 potentially eligible records. After deduplication and screening of the title and abstract, 23 records were assessed for full-text review. Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. The data contains estimates from 10 countries, a study at continental level (Asia and Africa), and 2 studies on a global scale.
Rabies was the most frequently reported zoonosis where zDALYs were calculated, based on the following included studies: for Kazakhstan 457 (95% CI 342–597), Viet Nam 5316 (95% CI 4382–6244), Asia 1,145,287 (90% CI 388,592–1,902,310), Africa 837,158 (90% CI 283,087–1,388,963), and worldwide rabies 5,920,014 (95% CI 1,547,860–10,290,815). This was followed by echinococcosis, the zDALYs in Peru were 2238 (95% CI 1931–2546), in China 1490 (95% CI 1442–1537), and worldwide cystic echinococcosis 5,935,463 (95% CI 4,497,316–7,377,636). Then, the zDALYs on cysticercosis for Mozambique were 2075 (95% CI 1476–2809), Cameroon 59,540 (95% CR 16,896–101,803), and Tanzania 34,455 (95% CI 12,993–76,193). Brucellosis in Kazakhstan were 2443 zDALYs (95% CI 2391–2496), and brucellosis and anthrax in Turkey 3538 zDALYs (95% CI 2567–6706). Finally, zDALYs on leptospirosis in New Zealand were 196, and Q fever in Netherlands 2843 (95% CI 1071–4603).
The animal burden was superior to the human burden in the following studies: worldwide cystic echinococcosis (83%), brucellosis in Kazakhstan (71%), leptospirosis in New Zealand (91%), and brucellosis, and anthrax in Turkey (52%). Countries priorities on zoonoses can change if animal populations are taken into consideration.
Ferritin and its association with anaemia in a healthy adult population in Kenya
Authors: Omuse Geoffrey , Chege Assumpta , Kawalya David Enoch , Kagotho Elizabeth , Maina Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Background
Iron deficiency is the commonest cause of anaemia worldwide. Serum ferritin is the most sensitive non-invasive indicator of iron stores but its utility is compromised in inflammatory states as it is an acute phase reactant. This study sought to estimate the burden of iron deficiency in a healthy adult population residing in Kenya and to determine the association between various ferritin cut-offs and anaemia in a population known to have chronic low-grade inflammation.

Methods
Healthy adults aged 18–65 years were recruited from urban towns in 4 counties in Kenya at average altitudes of 1683-2099m above sea level as part of a global study conducted by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) to determine reference intervals (RIs) for common laboratory tests. We analyzed complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein, iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation and ferritin data.

Results
We obtained data from 528 participants. There were 254 (48.1%) males and 274 females (51.9%). Based on a ferritin cut-off of 15 μg/L and Hb cut-offs of 14.5 g/dL and 12 g/dL, the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was 0.8% and 7.3% in males and females respectively. The odds of having anaemia was highest if one had a ferritin value less than 15 μg/L with a sensitivity of 28.6% and specificity of 98.4% in males, and sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 78.0% in females.

Conclusion
Only the ferritin cut-off of 15 ug/L had an association with anaemia where it can be used for ruling out iron deficiency as the cause. Sex specific ferritin cut-offs for diagnosing iron deficiency in adults in sub-Saharan Africa need to be derived by comparing ferritin levels to stainable iron in bone marrow aspirates and trephines in order to ensure that we are using appropriate clinical decision limits.
Digital phenotyping by wearable-driven artificial intelligence in older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol of the mixed method, cyclic ActiveAgeing study
Authors: Torrado Juan C. , Husebo Bettina S. , Allore Heather G. , Erdal Ane , Fæø Stein E. , Reithe Haakon , Førsund Elise , Tzoulis Charalampos , Patrascu Monica 
Published: October 2022

Background
Active ageing is described as the process of optimizing health, empowerment, and security to enhance the quality of life in the rapidly growing population of older adults. Meanwhile, multimorbidity and neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), lead to global public health and resource limitations. We introduce a novel user-centered paradigm of ageing based on wearable-driven artificial intelligence (AI) that may harness the autonomy and independence that accompany functional limitation or disability, and possibly elevate life expectancy in older adults and people with PD.

Methods
ActiveAgeing is a 4-year, multicentre, mixed method, cyclic study that combines digital phenotyping via commercial devices (Empatica E4, Fitbit Sense, and Oura Ring) with traditional evaluation (clinical assessment scales, in-depth interviews, and clinical consultations) and includes four types of participants: (1) people with PD and (2) their informal caregiver; (3) healthy older adults from the Helgetun living environment in Norway, and (4) people on the Helgetun waiting list. For the first study, each group will be represented by N = 15 participants to test the data acquisition and to determine the sample size for the second study. To suggest lifestyle changes, modules for human expert-based advice, machine-generated advice, and self-generated advice from accessible data visualization will be designed. Quantitative analysis of physiological data will rely on digital signal processing (DSP) and AI techniques. The clinical assessment scales are the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), and the REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ). A qualitative inquiry will be carried out with individual and focus group interviews and analysed using a hermeneutic approach including narrative and thematic analysis techniques.

Discussion
We hypothesise that digital phenotyping is feasible to explore the ageing process from clinical and lifestyle perspectives including older adults and people with PD. Data is used for clinical decision-making by symptom tracking, predicting symptom evolution, and discovering new outcome measures for clinical trials.
Post-intensive care syndrome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Vincent Alessia , Beck Katharina , Thommen Emanuel , Widmer Madlaina , Becker Christoph , Loretz Nina , Gross Sebastian , Mueller Jonas , Amacher Simon A. , Bohren Chantal , Schaefert Rainer , Gaab Jens , Marsch Stephan , Emsden Christian , Tisljar Kai , Sutter Raoul , Hunziker Sabina 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Intensive care unit patients are at risk for post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which includes psychological, physical and/or cognitive sequelae after their hospital stay. Our aim was to investigate PICS in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, we assessed risks for PICS at 3 and 12-month follow-up within the following domains: a) physical impairment (EuroQol [EQ-5D-3L]), b) cognitive functioning (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score >1, modified Rankin Scale [mRS] >2) and c) psychological burden (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]).

Results
At 3 months, 69/139 patients (50%) met the definition of PICS including 37% in the physical domain, 25% in the cognitive domain and 13% in the psychological domain. Intubation (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.1 to 5,0 p = 0.03), sedatives (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1 to 11, p = 0.045), mRS at discharge (OR 4.3, 95%CI 1.70 to 11.01, p = 0.002), CPC at discharge (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.4 to 7.6, p = 0.005) and post-discharge work loss (OR 13.4, 95%CI 1.7 to 107.5, p = 0.014) were significantly associated with PICS. At 12 months, 52/110 (47%) patients had PICS, which was associated with prolonged duration of rehabilitation, higher APACHE scores, and higher mRS and CPC scores at hospital discharge.

Conclusions
Nearly half of long-term OHCA survivors show PICS after 3 and 12 months. These high numbers call for more emphasis on appropriate screening and treatment in this patient population. Future studies should evaluate whether early identification of these patients enables preventive strategies and treatment options.
Qualitative attributes of spare parts for passenger cars and vehicle specification and method of its maintenance
Authors: Lotko Aleksander , Lotko Małgorzata 
Published: October 2022

Celem artykułu było zbadanie, czy formalna charakterystyka pojazdu i sposób jego eksploatacji różnicują ocenę ważności jakościowych atrybutów części zamiennych do samochodów osobowych. Jako metodę gromadzenia danych wykorzystano ankietę zrealizowaną na próbie 498 klientów serwisów samochodowych. Do identyfikacji atrybutów różnicujących zastosowano testy statystyczne Kruskala-Wallisa i Manna-Whitney’a. Implikacją teoretyczną jest wykrycie jakościowych atrybutów części zamiennych, których wagi są różnicowane przez charakterystykę pojazdu i sposób jego eksploatacji. Implikacją praktyczną jest dostarczenie rekomendacji istotnych przy projektowaniu i wytwarzaniu części zamiennych oraz komunikowaniu klientom użyteczności dostarczanej przez te części. W rezultacie przeprowadzonego badania okazało się, że marka pojazdu różnicuje wszystkie spośród 21 badanych atrybutów, miejsce serwisowania pojazdu – 18 atrybutów, pochodzenie pojazdu – 13 atrybutów, wiek pojazdu – 7 atrybutów, średnia roczna liczba wizyt w serwisie – 5 atrybutów, średni roczny przebieg – 4 atrybuty i rodzaj własności pojazdu – 1 atrybut. Elementem nowości w artykule jest innowacyjny dobór jakościowych atrybutów części zamiennych, zastosowanie wybranych testów statystycznych w badanym obszarze, a także wykrycie zróżnicowania ważności tych atrybutów.
Reliability measurement assessment of braking process road tests
Authors: Surmiński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2022

W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie związane z badaniami drogowymi procesu hamowania pojazdów. Omówiono stosowane najczęściej korelacyjno-optyczne czujniki firmy Corrsys-Datron. Przy ocenie dokładności badań drogowych powstaje problem okresowego sprawdzania toru pomiarowego. Ze względów formalnych wymagane są certyfikowane przez producenta procedury kalibracyjne. W artykule opisano stanowiskową metodę sprawdzania czujników korelacyjno-optycznych z wykorzystaniem elementów stanowiska pomiarowego do badań hamulców. Ruch pojazdu zasymulowano wykorzystując obrotowy ruch tarczy inercyjnej sterowanej za pomocą napędu falownikowego. Badania na opisanym stanowisku mogą służyć do zweryfikowania poprawności działania czujników w okresach pomiędzy kalibracjami, a także do wykonania badań poszerzających wiedzę o charakterystykach używanych czujników dostarczając istotnych informacji eksploatacyjnych. Stanowisko może stanowić alternatywę dla kłopotliwych organizacyjnie pomiarów kontrolnych wykonywanych w warunkach drogowych. Przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki badań trzech czujników korelacyjno-optycznych na stanowisku i odniesiono je do wyników otrzymanych w toku badań drogowych. Omówiono również użycie w tych badaniach nowoczesnych akcelerometrów mikromechanicznych. Wskazano, że na wynik pomiarów wpływa nie tylko klasa dokładności czujnika, ale również sposób montażu czujników, występujące zakłócenia oraz sposoby ich filtrowania.
Investigation of the process of ageing of hydraulic oil during its use
Authors: Baczewski Kazimierz , Szczawiński Piotr 
Published: October 2022

W artykule przedstawiono problemy zmian właściwości olejów hydraulicznych podczas użytkowania w układach hydraulicznych ładowarek kołowych. Podano metodykę i wyniki badań wybranych charakterystyk oleju hydraulicznego klasy jakościowej HV i lepkościowej VG 46 w funkcji czasu użytkowania. Dokonano analizy wyników badań w aspekcie dominujących procesów starzenia i monitorowania stanu olejów hydraulicznych. Ustalono, że podawane w literaturze i przez producentów olejów kryteria stanu granicznego oleju hydraulicznego nie odpowiadają współczesnym układom hydraulicznym. Wartości graniczne odnośnie do zmiany lepkości, wskaźnika lepkości i liczby kwasowej są zbyt restrykcyjne. Dominującym kryterium osiągnięcia stanu granicznego przez nowoczesne oleje użytkowane w układach hydraulicznych jest stężenie i skład granulometryczny zanieczyszczeń stałych.
Criteria for evaluation new generation of armored vehicles
Authors: Zieliński Wiesław , Łukjanow Sławomir 
Published: October 2022

W świetle obowiązującego w Polsce Rozporządzenia Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 7 września 2010 roku rozróżnia się trzy typy bankowozów: A, B i C, przy czym najwyższe wymagania ustanowiono dla typu A. W artykule omówione są wymagania przepisów i opracowane jako proponowane kryteria oceny bankowozów nowej generacji (typu A). Potwierdzeniem spełnienia wymagań przepisów przez bankowozy są certyfikaty wydane na podstawie badań przez akredytowane jednostki.Została przedstawiona propozycja podziału bankowozów nowej generacji na 5 klas ochrony przeciwnapadowej: A1 - standardowa, A2 - standardowa plus, A3 – profesjonalna, A4 - profesjonalna plus i A5 – extra. Przedstawiono również propozycję tzw. „wskaźnika oceny bankowozów”, jako średnią ważoną siedmiu wskaźników cząstkowych. Na przykładzie bankowozu wykonanego, jako prototyp przez konsorcjum: PIMOT, WAT, ITS i AMZ-Kutno w ramach projektu badawczego Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeprowadzono ocenę klasy i obliczono ogólny wskaźnik oceny bankowozu. Podane w artykule metody oceny bankowozów typu A mogą być bardzo przydatne przy opracowywaniu i badaniach porównawczych nowych pojazdów i przedstawianych dla klientów ofertach na rynku produktów.
Investigations on the dynamics of motor vehicle driving in nighttime conditions
Authors: Świeczko-Żurek Beata , Stryjek Krzysztof , Motrycz Grzegorz , Wróbel Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Niniejszy artykuł opisuje badania dynamiki jazdy w warunkach nocnych. Poza porównaniem wpływu na osiągane wyniki klasycznych systemów oświetlenia drogi, w niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono zalety nowych systemów wspomagających kierowcę, takich jak kamery termiczne. Systemy tego typu coraz częściej montowane są w zaawansowanych pojazdach i w sposób rzeczywisty zwiększają bezpieczeństwo jazdy.
High-speed inter-satellite link construction technology for navigation constellation oriented to engineering practice
Authors: Liu Canyou , Zhang Feng , Ma Hao , Chen Shuang , Wang Xin , Ye Xiusong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article presents a study on the design of high-speed inter-satellite links for the global navigation satellite system, which consists of 24 middle earth orbit, 3 inclined geosynchronous orbit, 3 geostationary orbit satellites, and 4 typical ground stations based on the laser link of slowly varying continuous system and high-speed Ka link. Pre-allocation of node connections in inter-satellite link construction is conducted by employing the optimized Dijkstra algorithm using finite-state automata. In addition, topological design and routing planning principles are utilized for high-speed inter-satellite links. Based on full constellation orbit data of a regression period and locations of the ground station nodes, an hourly link construction program is obtained using the scheme described above. The calculation result of the position dilution of precision values of all satellites, the average inter-satellite transmission delay, and the inter-satellite link switching meet the requirements of measurement, data transmission, and management for navigation constellation.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed coping mechanisms of the edible and medicinal homologous plant Plantago asiatica L. cadmium resistance
Authors: Yuan Jun , Liu Rongpeng , Sheng Shasha , Fu Haihui , Wang Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rapidly increasing cadmium (Cd) pollution led to the increase in contamination in farmland. The study explained the Cd resistance mechanisms of Plantago asiatica L. via physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that as soil Cd level increased, proline content declined and then increased significantly. In contrast to the H2O2 content change trend, contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) first decreased, then increased, and finally, declined. Leaf Cd concentration was positively related to soluble protein content and negatively to both MDA content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Most of the top 50 differential metabolites belonged to organic acids and sugars. Besides combining metabolome and transcriptome data, in the metabolic network involving the target metabolic pathways (e.g., ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, galactose metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism), dehydroascorbate (DHA), regulated by l-ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and l-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO), was significantly up-regulated. This illuminated that, in P. asiatica, CAT and SOD played vital roles in Cd resistance, and soluble protein and MDA acted as the main indexes to characterize Cd damage. It also suggested that DHA functioned effectively in Cd resistance, and the function was regulated by APX and GULO.
Designing a 3D virtual test platform for evaluating prosthetic knee joint performance during the walking cycle
Authors: Haider Saif M. J. , Takhakh Ayad M. , Al-Waily Muhannad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article introduced a three-dimension CAD model of a prosthesis testing platform using SolidWorks software to conduct a kinematic and dynamic analysis of the transfemoral prosthesis of the virtual model. Concurrently, the event-based motion simulation (EBMS) procedure was carried out on the CAD model. The concept of the operational strategy of the test platform was clarified through the machine’s real-life experience before being constructedin vitro. The platform model is capable of reproducing two active movements to simulate the locomotion of the thigh angle and hip vertical displacement for assessing the artificial knee angle motion during the gait cycle. These motions were controlled by two rotary forces (motors) that are utilized to implement control actions in EBMS. The prosthetic knee joint was built with a single axis that performs flexion and extension via the axial force of the spring. The simulation results of the thigh angle motion ranged from20°2{0}^{^\circ }to−15°-1{5}^{^\circ }, while the maximum flexion of the prosthetic knee joint was (46°4{6}^{^\circ }). The mean absolute error was (2.727°2.72{7}^{^\circ }) and (8.338°8.33{8}^{^\circ }) for the thigh and knee joints, respectively. In conclusion, the findings can be utilized to facilitate the design and development of prostheses.
Geochemical characteristics and genesis of natural gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Tan Kaijun , Chen Juan , Yao Jun , Wu Qingpeng , Shi Jianglong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the geochemical characteristics, genesis and sources of natural gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin have received extensive attention, but their genesis and sources are still controversial. In this study, taking the natural gas from the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin as an example, the source and genesis of the natural gas have been systematically analyzed. The results show that the natural gas of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is dominated by methane, followed by a small amount of CO2 and N2; only the southern Sichuan area contains a small amount of H2S, which comes from the supply of the underlying carbonate source rocks. Except for the western Sichuan Basin, the drying coefficient of the natural gas is generally less than 0.95 (wet gas). Furthermore, the composition of the natural gas is mainly controlled by the maturity of source rocks. The carbon isotope of ethane in natural gas ranges from −33.9 to −21.5‰, and the hydrogen isotope of methane ranges from −188‰ to −151‰. The carbon and hydrogen isotope values are higher in the western Sichuan Basin than in the central, northeastern and southern Sichuan Basin. The identification of the origin of natural gas and the comparison of gas sources show that the natural gas in the Xujiahe Formation is mainly coal-derived gas from its own coal-measure source rocks; the natural gas in the northern part of the southern Sichuan Basin is oil-derived gas originating from the Changxing Formation and the Silurian marine source rocks; however, the natural gas in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is a mixture of coal-derived and oil-derived gases. In addition, the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in some natural gas samples from the Xujiahe Formation have inversions of δ13C1 > δ13C2, δ13C2 > δ13C3, δ13C3 > δ13C4, and δD2 > δD3, and the magnitude of the inversions is small. It is considered to be caused by the mixing of gases from the same source, as well as the mixing of coal-derived and oil-derived gases.