bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the optimal modularity in assembly line design
Authors: Modrak Vladimir , Soltysova Zuzana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that a proper structural modularity degree of assembly processes in terms of mass customization has a positive effect on their efficiency because it, among other things, increases manufacturing flexibility and productivity. On the other hand, most practical approaches to identify such a degree is rather based on intuition or analytical reasoning than on scientific foundations. However, the first way can be used for simple assembly tasks, but in more complex assembly processes, this method lags behind the second. The purpose was to create a methodology for selection of optimal modular assembly model from among a predefined set of alternatives. The methodology is based on exploration of the relations between modularity measures and complexity issues as well as the relationship between structural modularity and symmetry. Especially, the linkage between modularity and complexity properties has been explored in order to show how modularization can affect distribution of the total structural complexity across the entire assembly line. To solve this selection problem, three different methods are preliminary suggested and compared via a series of numerical tests. The two of them present the novel contribution of this work, while the third method developed earlier for the purpose of finding and evaluating community structure in networks was adapted for a given application domain. Based on obtained results, one of these method is prioritized over another, since it offers more promising results and precision too.
Changes in mean and variance of ophthalmic disease incidences during COVID-19 pandemic in Korea
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kim So Young , Baek Sung Uk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study undertook to determine the changes in the numbers of outpatient visits for various ophthalmic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before. The monthly outpatient visits for 14 common ophthalmic diseases were enumerated based on the ICD-10 codes in Korean National Health Insurance Service data. The differences in the mean outpatient visits and disease variance ‘before’ and ‘during COVID-19’ were calculated. Subsequently, subgroup analyses according to age and sex were performed. The number of outpatient visits for conjunctivitis, scleritis & episcleritis, keratitis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and traumatic ophthalmic disease were lower during than before COVID-19 (all P < 0.001). The lower numbers of outpatient visits for ophthalmic disorders during COVID-19 were consistent across the age and sex subgroups. All ophthalmic diseases other than endophthalmitis showed no change of variation ‘during’ relative to ‘before’ COVID-19. In conclusion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ophthalmic outpatient visits decreased for infectious and inflammatory diseases, screening diseases, and traumatic diseases. However, COVID-19 is not considered to have had a significant effect on variation.
The change in Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is associated with mortality in patients who start hemodialysis: Korean Renal Data Registry, 2016–2018
Authors: Cho AJin , Park Se Yeon , Cha Yo Seop , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Do Hyoung , Lee Young-Ki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalnutrition is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in nutrition status measured by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and all-cause mortality in patients who started HD. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Korean Renal Data System database. Patients who started HD from January 2016 to December 2018, and were eligible for GNRI and GNRI trend were included. GNRI trend was a longitudinal change of GNRI, assessed by random slope in a mixed-effect model. Positive and negative random slopes in each patient were assigned to positive and negative GNRI trends. A total of 2313 patients were included and median follow-up period was 3.1 (2.6–3.7) years. GNRI values decreased over time (estimate − 1.212, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.116–0.692) and positive GNRI trend was associated with survival benefit (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.84) after multivariate adjustment. These findings show that serial GNRI assessment, besides GNRI, is a useful prognostic factor for mortality in patients who start HD.
The relationship between the knowledge of diabetes mellitus and the mental, psychological and emotional status of T2DM patients based on a structural equation model
Authors: Li Haiyang , Wang Liping , Huang Jin , Li Bei , Qiu Tieying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo explore diabetes-related knowledge levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the influencing factors, correlations and paths of patients’ mental and emotional status based on a structural equation model. A total of 1512 patients with T2DM in 18 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province. A descriptive correlational study. The study was conducted and surveyed with the general information questionnaires, including the Audit of Diabetes Knowledge (AD knowl), the Problem Areas in Diabetes 5 scale (PAID-5) and the World Health Organization Five-Item Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The structural equation model showed that PAID-5 and WHO-5 scores (P < 0.05) were affected by diabetes self-management, medical history/treatment and knowledge. According to the model, the common risk factors affecting the mental and emotional status of diabetic patients were general demographic characteristics (less exercise time and greater economic burden), medical history/treatment of diabetes (longer course of disease, more hospitalizations due to diabetes, and more acute or chronic complications), and lower levels of diabetes-related knowledge. In addition, solitude was also a risk factor for low levels of happiness. The diabetes-related knowledge levels of T2DM patients are very low, and these patients generally experience emotional disorders, which deserves close attention. The structural equation model can be used to explore the influencing factors and correlations of the psychological and emotional status of diabetic patients.
The efficacy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography on the management of gastroesophageal varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Fujiwara Kisako , Nakagawa Miyuki , Unozawa Hidemi , Iwanaga Terunao , Sakuma Takafumi , Fujita Naoto , Koroki Keisuke , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Saito Tomoko , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Suzuki Eiichiro , Ooka Yoshihiko , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe screening of gastroesophageal varices (GEV) is critical in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is often performed in patients with HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the use of CECT in screening for GEV and predicting GEV bleeding. This retrospective study enrolled 312 consecutive patients who are initially diagnosed with HCC, measured the lower esophageal (EIV) and fundal intramural vessel (FIV) diameter on CECT, examined the changes after 1, 2, and 3 years, and verified the relationship with GEV bleeding. The EIV and FIV diameter on CECT correlates well with endoscopic variceal classification. EIV significantly worsened after 2 and 3 years. FIV showed worsening at both 1, 2, and 3 years. Cumulative GEV bleeding rates were 3.7% at 1 year and 6.2% at 3 years. The multivariate analysis revealed that EIV, FIV, and portal vein tumor thrombus were associated with GEV bleeding. Furthermore, EIV deterioration at 1, 2, and 3 years correlated with GEV bleeding. In conclusion, CECT is useful in variceal management during the longitudinal clinical course of HCC, and has the potential to decrease screening endoscopy. With deterioration in EIV, treatments should be considered due to a high-risk GEV bleeding.
Mesenchymal-endothelial nexus in breast cancer spheroids induces vasculogenesis and local invasion in a CAM model
Authors: Li Aijun , Muenst Simone , Hoffman Julius , Starck Laurent , Sarem Melika , Fischer Andreas , Hutter Gregor , Shastri V. Prasad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterplay between non-cancerous cells (immune, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and endothelial cells (EC)) has been identified as vital in driving tumor progression. As studying such interactions in vivo is challenging, ex vivo systems that can recapitulate in vivo scenarios can aid in unraveling the factors impacting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Using the synthetic tumor microenvironment mimics (STEMs)—a spheroid system composed of breast cancer cells (BCC) with defined human MSC and EC fractions, here we show that EC organization into vascular structures is BC phenotype dependent, and independent of ERα expression in epithelial cancer cells, and involves MSC-mediated Notch1 signaling. In a 3D-bioprinted model system to mimic local invasion, MDA STEMs collectively respond to serum gradient and form invading cell clusters. STEMs grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane undergo local invasion to form CAM tumors that can anastomose with host vasculature and bear the typical hallmarks of human BC and this process requires both EC and MSC. This study provides a framework for developing well-defined in vitro systems, including patient-derived xenografts that recapitulate in vivo events, to investigate heterotypic cell interactions in tumors, to identify factors promoting tumor metastasis-related events, and possibly drug screening in the context of personalized medicine.
A cross-cohort replicable and heritable latent dimension linking behaviour to multi-featured brain structure
Authors: Nicolaisen-Sobesky Eliana , Mihalik Agoston , Kharabian-Masouleh Shahrzad , Ferreira Fabio S. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Schwender Holger , Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Valk Sofie L. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Mourao-Miranda Janaina , Genon Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIdentifying associations between interindividual variability in brain structure and behaviour requires large cohorts, multivariate methods, out-of-sample validation and, ideally, out-of-cohort replication. Moreover, the influence of nature vs nurture on brain-behaviour associations should be analysed. We analysed associations between brain structure (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area) and behaviour (spanning cognition, emotion, and alertness) using regularized canonical correlation analysis and a machine learning framework that tests the generalisability and stability of such associations. The replicability of brain-behaviour associations was assessed in two large, independent cohorts. The load of genetic factors on these associations was analysed with heritability and genetic correlation. We found one heritable and replicable latent dimension linking cognitive-control/executive-functions and positive affect to brain structural variability in areas typically associated with higher cognitive functions, and with areas typically associated with sensorimotor functions. These results revealed a major axis of interindividual behavioural variability linking to a whole-brain structural pattern.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis reveals a highly correlated triphasic transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gutiérrez Pablo A. , Elena Santiago F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is currently one of the most powerful techniques available to study the transcriptional response of thousands of cells to an external perturbation. Here, we perform a pseudotime analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection using publicly available scRNA-seq data from human bronchial epithelial cells and colon and ileum organoids. Our results reveal that, for most genes, the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection follows a non-linear pattern characterized by an initial and a final down-regulatory phase separated by an intermediate up-regulatory stage. A correlation analysis of transcriptional profiles suggests a common mechanism regulating the mRNA levels of most genes. Interestingly, genes encoded in the mitochondria or involved in translation exhibited distinct pseudotime profiles. To explain our results, we propose a simple model where nuclear export inhibition of nsp1-sensitive transcripts will be sufficient to explain the transcriptional shutdown of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
Versatile and efficient genome editing with Neisseria cinerea Cas9
Authors: Liu Zhiquan , Chen Siyu , Xie Wanhua , Yu Hao , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a versatile genome editing platform in biotechnology and therapeutics. However, the requirement of protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) limits the genome targeting scope. To expand this repertoire, we revisited and engineered a compact Cas9 orthologue derived from Neisseria cinerea (NcCas9) for efficient genome editing in mammal cells. We demonstrated that NcCas9 generates genome editing at target sites with N4GYAT (Y = T/C) PAM which cannot be recognized by existing Cas9s. By optimizing the NcCas9 architecture and its spacer length, editing efficacy of NcCas9 was further improved in human cells. In addition, the NcCas9-derived Base editors can efficiently generate base conversions. Six anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins were identified as off-switches for NcCas9. Moreover, NcCas9 successfully generated efficient editing of mouse embryos by microinjection of NcCas9 mRNA and the corresponding sgRNA. Thus, the NcCas9 holds the potential to broaden the CRISPR/Cas9 toolsets for efficient gene modifications and therapeutic applications.
Fission yeast Dis1 is an unconventional TOG/XMAP215 that induces microtubule catastrophe to drive chromosome pulling
Authors: Murase Yuichi , Yamagishi Masahiko , Okada Naoyuki , Toya Mika , Yajima Junichiro , Hamada Takahiro , Sato Masamitsu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe shortening of microtubules attached to kinetochores is the driving force of chromosome movement during cell division. Specific kinesins are believed to shorten microtubules but are dispensable for viability in yeast, implying the existence of additional factors responsible for microtubule shortening. Here, we demonstrate that Dis1, a TOG/XMAP215 ortholog in fission yeast, promotes microtubule shortening to carry chromosomes. Although TOG/XMAP215 orthologs are generally accepted as microtubule polymerases, Dis1 promoted microtubule catastrophe in vitro and in vivo. Notably, microtubule catastrophe was promoted when the tip was attached to kinetochores, as they steadily anchored Dis1 at the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Engineered Dis1 oligomers artificially tethered at a chromosome arm region induced the shortening of microtubules in contact, frequently pulling the chromosome arm towards spindle poles. This effect was not brought by oligomerised Alp14. Thus, unlike Alp14 and other TOG/XMAP215 orthologs, Dis1 plays an unconventional role in promoting microtubule catastrophe, thereby driving chromosome movement.
Lateral septum DREADD activation alters male prairie vole prosocial and antisocial behaviors, not partner preferences
Authors: Sailer Lindsay L. , Park Ashley H. , Galvez Abigail , Ophir Alexander G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough much has been written on the topic of social behavior, many terms referring to different aspects of social behavior have become inappropriately conflated and the specific mechanisms governing them remains unclear. It is therefore critical that we disentangle the prosocial and antisocial elements associated with different forms of social behavior to fully understand the social brain. The lateral septum (LS) mediates social behaviors, emotional processes, and stress responses necessary for individuals to navigate day-to-day social interactions. The LS is particularly important in general and selective prosocial behavior (monogamy) but its role in how these two behavioral domains intersect is unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of chemogenetic-mediated LS activation on social responses in male prairie voles when they are 1) sex-naïve and generally affiliative and 2) after they become pair-bonded and display selective aggression. Amplifying neural activity in the LS augments same-sex social approach behaviors. Despite partner preference formation remaining unaltered, LS activation in pair-bonded males leads to reduced selective aggression while increasing social affiliative behaviors. These results suggest that LS activation alters behavior within certain social contexts, by increasing sex-naïve affiliative behaviors and reducing pair bonding-induced selective aggression with same-sex conspecifics, but not altering bonding with opposite-sex individuals.
Semi-field and surveillance data define the natural diapause timeline for Culex pipiens across the United States
Authors: Field Eleanor N. , Shepard John J. , Clifton Mark E. , Price Keith J. , Witmier Bryn J. , Johnson Kirk , Boze Broox , Abadam Charles , Ebel Gregory D. , Armstrong Philip M. , Barker Christopher M. , Smith Ryan C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReproductive diapause serves as biological mechanism for many insects, including the mosquito Culex pipiens, to overwinter in temperate climates. While Cx. pipiens diapause has been well-studied in the laboratory, the timing and environmental signals that promote diapause under natural conditions are less understood. In this study, we examine laboratory, semi-field, and mosquito surveillance data to define the approximate timeline and seasonal conditions that contribute to Cx. pipiens diapause across the United States. While confirming integral roles of temperature and photoperiod in diapause induction, we also demonstrate the influence of latitude, elevation, and mosquito population genetics in shaping Cx. pipiens diapause incidence across the country. Coinciding with the cessation of WNV activity, these data can have important implications for mosquito control, where targeted efforts prior to diapause induction can decrease mosquito populations and WNV overwintering to reduce mosquito-borne disease incidence the following season.
Reconfigurable dynamics of optical soliton molecular complexes in an ultrafast thulium fiber laser
Authors: Zhou Yi , Shi Jiawei , Ren Yu-Xuan , Wong Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDissipative optical solitons of particle-like structures can form soliton molecules with striking molecule-like interactions. However, the experimental investigation of soliton molecules in ultrafast lasers is still largely confined to bound states of only two solitons and is far from being explored for soliton molecular complexes. Here, the reconfigurable switching of soliton molecular complexes originating from the binding of two soliton-pair molecules was demonstrated around 2 μm, simultaneously opening an emerging window in the longer wavelength. The periodic switching of soliton molecules with dual-stability can be resolved. Moreover, the single and multiple successively switching of soliton molecules can be triggered by the collision of drifting soliton or control over saturable absorption parameters. Further, the consecutive reversible switching with high fidelity is verified in soliton molecules with periodic pump modulation. These results unveil the dynamical soliton interaction and motivate potential applications in ultrafast spectroscopy, information encoding, and computations.
Electronic pair alignment and roton feature in the warm dense electron gas
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Moldabekov Zhandos , Vorberger Jan , Kählert Hanno , Bonitz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study of matter under extreme densities and temperatures as they occur, for example, in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications has emerged as one of the most active frontiers in physics, material science, and related disciplines. In this context, a key quantity is given by the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω), which is probed in scattering experiments—the most widely used method of diagnostics at these extreme conditions. In addition to its importance for the study of warm dense matter, the modelling of such dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems constitutes an important theoretical challenge. Here, we report a roton feature in the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω) of the warm dense electron gas, and introduce a microscopic explanation in terms of an electronic pair alignment model. Our results will have direct impact on the interpretation of scattering experiments and may provide insights into the dynamics of a number of correlated quantum many-body systems such as ultracold helium, dipolar supersolids, and bilayer heterostructures.
Second harmonic Hall responses of insulators as a probe of Berry curvature dipole
Authors: Okyay Mahmut Sait , Sato Shunsuke A. , Kim Kun Woo , Yan Binghai , Jin Hosub , Park Noejung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiverse nonlinear optical responses of metallic band states have been characterized in terms of the Berry curvature dipole (BCD) or other multipole structures of Berry curvature. Here, we find that the second harmonic optical responses of insulators to sub-bandgap light are also delicately associated with the interband BCD. We performed real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations and theoretically analyzed the second harmonic generation susceptibility tensors. The two-band term of the second-order susceptibility is precisely proportional to the interband BCD, which is particularly significant for low-symmetric systems with a small bandgap. We show that higher-order responses to nonperturbative strong fields can be associated with higher poles of Berry curvature. We suggest that the consequences of symmetry lowering can be detected by nonlinear optical responses through adjustments of the dipole or other multipole structures of the Berry curvature texture.
Graph neural networks for materials science and chemistry
Authors: Reiser Patrick , Neubert Marlen , Eberhard André , Torresi Luca , Zhou Chen , Shao Chen , Metni Houssam , van Hoesel Clint , Schopmans Henrik , Sommer Timo , Friederich Pascal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMachine learning plays an increasingly important role in many areas of chemistry and materials science, being used to predict materials properties, accelerate simulations, design new structures, and predict synthesis routes of new materials. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are one of the fastest growing classes of machine learning models. They are of particular relevance for chemistry and materials science, as they directly work on a graph or structural representation of molecules and materials and therefore have full access to all relevant information required to characterize materials. In this Review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of GNNs, widely used datasets, and state-of-the-art architectures, followed by a discussion of a wide range of recent applications of GNNs in chemistry and materials science, and concluding with a road-map for the further development and application of GNNs.