bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient task offloading with swarm intelligence evolution for edge‐cloud collaboration in vehicular edge computing
Authors: Su Mingfeng , Wang Guojun , Chen Jianer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn vehicular edge computing, both edge and cloud can provide computing services (i.e., tasks). The edge can reduce vehicular task delay by processing data nearby, but is resource‐constrained and cannot handle too many tasks simultaneously. The resource‐rich cloud can handle massive tasks, but is far from users and has low quality of service and energy efficiency. Currently, some work has been done on task offloading for edge‐cloud collaboration. However, either the collaboration among multiple devices is not considered and the load is easily imbalanced; or edge‐cloud collaboration is required for offloading decisions with too many parameters, affecting tasks to be processed efficiently. To address these issues, we learn from the swarm intelligence evolution of sparrow foraging, improve a sparrow search algorithm by integrating three strategies of flyer refine producer update, sin/cos perturbation follower update, and adaptive adjustment agitator update, to optimize the vehicular task offloading location for edge‐cloud collaboration. Furthermore, we combine delay relaxation variables and delay‐energy penalty operator to design a lightweight heuristic task offloading algorithm, and greedily compare the task preoffload location sets with different delay constraints based on the improved sparrow search algorithm, to obtain the optimal task offloading with integrated delay and energy. Simulation experiments verify that our approach can improve the algorithm's optimization accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness. Moreover, the average task delay, total task energy consumption, and load balance degree of our approach outperform the five benchmark algorithms, and can comprehensively optimize task delay and energy consumption, and achieve edge devices load balancing.
Relationships between carbon age and CO2 efflux in agricultural and drainage ditch soils using the thermonuclear bomb pulse
Authors: Blume Oliver , Guitard Eric , Crann Carley , Orekhov Michel , Amos Richard , Clark Ian , Lapen David , Blowes David , Ptacek Carol , Craiovan Emilia , Sunohara Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgricultural soils contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions. Soils can be both a CO2 sink and source depending on vegetation cover and the physical‐chemical characteristics of the soil environment. This study uses a new 14C dating approach to elucidate soil physical and geochemical properties that drive the production and transport of CO2 in cultivated and noncultivated drainage ditch soil environments. As expected, CO2 production and fluxes decrease with soil depth. Relating depth‐specific subsurface radiocarbon of CO2 (14CO2) to the atmospheric scenario generated from the testing of thermonuclear bombs in the 1950s and 1960s provides a means to date the labile organic C pools responsible for soil respiration that are otherwise generalized as having a modern age (≤1950 AD). Depth‐specific 14CO2 measurements showed that CO2 in shallow soils (≤22.5‐cm depth) have a younger age than CO2 in deeper soils (>22.5‐cm depth). The 14CO2 of surface emissions were comparable to those of shallow soils (≤22.5‐cm depth), showing that respiration in the deeper soils (>22.5‐cm depth) do not contribute significantly to surface emissions, and the higher CO2 concentrations at depth in soil result from processes limiting CO2 transport to surface. Coupling the 14C data with CO2 flux profiles confirms that CO2 effluxes are derived from modern soil organic C (<10 yr since sequestered) from the shallowest soil depths in all soil environments studied, but changes in physical soil processes governing gas transport at depth could release these deeper CO2 stores.
Understanding the adaptive laboratory evolution of multiple stress‐resistant yeast strains by genome‐scale modeling
Authors: Çetin Handan , Çakar Zeynep Petek , Ülgen Kutlu O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStress responses triggered by external exposures in adaptive laboratory evolution studies alter the ordinary behavior of cells, and the identification of the differences between the starting and the evolved strains would provide ideal strategies to obtain the desired strains. Metabolic networks are one of the most useful tools to analyze data for this purpose. This study integrates differential expression profiles of multiple Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that have evolved in eight different stress conditions (ethanol, caffeine, coniferyl aldehyde, iron, nickel, phenylethanol, and silver) and enzyme kinetics into a genome‐scale metabolic model of yeast, following a new enhanced method. Flux balance analysis, flux variability analysis, robustness, phenotype phase plane, minimization of metabolic adjustment, survivability, sensitivity analyses, and random sampling are conducted to identify the most common and divergent points within strains. Results were examined both individually and comparatively, and the target reactions, metabolites, and enzymes were identified. Our results showed that the models reconstructed by our methodology were able to simulate experimental conditions where efficient protein allocation was the main goal for survival under stressful conditions, and most of the metabolic changes in the adaptation process mainly arose from the differences in the metabolic reactions of energy maintenance (through coenzyme‐A and FAD utilization), cell division (folate requirement of DNA synthesis), and cell wall formation (through sterol and ergosterol biosynthesis).
Catalytic addition reactions of amines, thiols, and diphenyl‐phosphine oxides to heterocumulenes using a bridging Sulfonylimido titanium(IV) complex
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Sagar Shweta , Lorber Christian , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present here an efficient method for hydroelementation reactions such as hydroamination, hydrothiolation, and hydrophosphorylation of the heterocumulenes carbodiimides, aryl isocyanates, and isothiocyanates with anilines or thiophenols using a p‐tolylsulfonylimide‐supported dinuclear titanium complex. All the reactions were achieved in excellent yield under mild conditions and within a short reaction time. The products were isolated and fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. We also propose a mechanism involving the proton abstraction (of the E−H of anilines or thiophenols) in the first step. In the reaction mechanism, the amido groups of the binuclear TiIV complex act as the leaving group whereas the sulfonylimide linkage remains unaffected.
Topographic Gravity Field Modelling for Improving High-Resolution Global Gravity Field Models
Authors: Ince E. Sinem , Förste Christoph , Abrykosov Oleh , Flechtner Frank 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The global gravitational potential generated by the attraction of the Earth’s topographic masses has been computed in spectral domain. The mass-source information is provided by the 1 arcmin resolution Earth2014 relief model and four averaged density values for rock, ocean, lake, and ice areas. The topography and bathymetry are split into confocal ellipsoidal shells of a defined thickness. Based on the provided mass-source information, the gravitational potential is expanded for each shell and then summed up to represent the complete gravitational potential of the topography (and bathymetry). In this contribution, we present the impact of different shell thicknesses to the model accuracy and computation time. Moreover, we expanded our topographic gravity field model up to spherical harmonic degree and order 5,494. Such short scale mass information represented by the topography can be used to complement high-resolution combined static gravity field models for the very high-frequency components of the gravity field. As an example, we enhanced (augmented) EIGEN-6C4 model with the high frequency components retrieved from the topographic model. The deflections of vertical values computed from the augmented model are compared w.r.t. ground truth observations in Germany, Southern Colorado and Iowa (USA) which suggest as expected a considerable improvement over rugged mountainous regions and comparable residuals in areas of moderate topography.
Precise Orbit Determination of CubeSats Using Proposed Observations Weighting Model
Authors: Allahvirdi-Zadeh Amir , El-Mowafy Ahmed , Wang Kan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
CubeSats can be used for many space missions and Earth science applications if their orbits can be determined precisely. The Precise Orbit Determination (POD) methods are well developed for large LEO satellites during the last two decades. However, CubeSats are built from Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components and have their own characteristics, which need more investigations. In this paper, precise orbits of 17 3U-CubeSats in the Spire Global constellation are determined using both the reduced-dynamic and the kinematic POD methods. The limitations in using elevation-dependent weighting models for CubeSats POD are also discussed and, as an alternative approach, a weighting model based on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) has been proposed. One-month processing of these CubeSats revealed that around 40% of orbits can be determined at the decimeter accuracy, while 50% have accuracy at centimeters. Such precise orbits fulfil most mission requirements that require such POD accuracy. Internal validation methods confirmed the POD procedure and approved the distinction of weighting based on SNR values over the elevation angles.
Oral health-related quality of life in patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence
Authors: Payer D. , Krimmel M. , Reinert S. , Koos B. , Weise H. , Weise C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence versus a healthy control group using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-G19). Factors such as age, gender, and cleft type were considered.

Methods
Over an 8-month period, the OHRQoL was surveyed by using the COHIP-G19 questionnaire. Included were patients with a craniofacial disorder (n = 61; average age 11.24 years) and a healthy control group (n = 70, average age 12.63 years) for a total of 131 patients (average age 11.99 years) from the Department of Orthodontics University Hospital Tübingen, Germany. These were divided into two age groups (6–11 years; 12–18 years).

Results
Statistically, patients with a craniofacial disorder presented a significantly lower OHRQoL than the control group (p = 0.0055). In the craniofacial disorder group, older patients revealed a significantly (p = 0.005) lower OHRQoL than the younger patients. Female patients showed in nearly all groups a better OHRQoL than male patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Males with a craniofacial disorder scored significantly lower than males without (p = 0.016); females showed no differences between the groups. Visibility, location, and severity of the craniofacial malformation did not have a significant influence on the OHRQoL.

Conclusion
The occurrence of a craniofacial malformation impacted the OHRQoL especially in older and male affected patients, unrelated to the expression level or localization. An early instruction about oral health, rehabilitation and functional training should be considered in therapy.
Comparison of heat production and bone architecture changes in the implant site preparation with compressive osteotomes, osseodensification technique, piezoelectric devices, and standard drills: an ex vivo study on porcine ribs
Authors: Bhargava Nishith , Perrotti Vittoria , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Matsubara Victor Haruo , Patalwala Diana , Quaranta Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating differences in heat generation and bone architecture following four different implant site preparation techniques: compressive osteotomes, conventional drills, osseodensification (OD mode with osseodensification drills), and piezoelectric systems. Porcine rib bones were used as a model for implant surgery. Thermocouples were employed to measure temperature changes, and micro-CT to assess the bone architecture. The primary stability and insertion torque values of the implants placed in the differently prepared sites were assessed. The temperature changes were higher with Piezo. The average primary stability using the ISQ scale was the greatest for drills (76.17 ± 0.90) and the lowest for osteotomes (71.50 ± 11.09). Insertion torque was significantly higher with the osseodensification method (71.67 ± 7.99 Ncm) in comparison to drills, osteotomes, and piezo. Osteotomes showed the highest bone to implant contact percentage (39.83 ± 3.14%) and average trabecular number (2.02 ± 0.21 per mm), while drills exhibited the lowest (30.73 ± 1.65%; 1.37 ± 0.34 per mm). Total implant site bone volume was the highest with osseodensification (37.26 ± 4.13mm3) and the lowest for osteotomes (33.84 ± 3.84mm3). Statistical analysis showed a high primary stability and decrease in temperature during implant site preparation with osseodensification technique. The results support the use of osseodensification technique for implant site preparation.
Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—are unpartnered and childless older adults at higher risk?
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Mair Christine A. , Quashie Nekehia T. , Antczak Radoslaw 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 mitigation efforts had the potential to exacerbate loneliness among older adults, particularly for the unpartnered or childless, yet specific studies on loneliness among these groups during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) collected before (October 2019–March 2020) and during the pandemic (June–August 2020), we examine two loneliness outcomes: (1) “have you felt lonely recently?” (both datasets) and (2) “have you felt lonelier than before the pandemic?” (2020), and examine differences by partnership and parenthood status. Before COVID-19, those who lacked one tie but had the other (unpartnered parents or partnered childless) were at highest loneliness risk. During COVID-19, unpartnered and childless—especially unpartnered—remain at higher risk for loneliness, entering loneliness, and not “exiting” loneliness. We discuss these findings in light of family norms and needs in pandemic and non-pandemic times and provide recommendations for future research.
Lymphocytes are less sensitive to autophagy than monocytes during fasting and exercise conditions
Authors: Kröpfl Julia M. , Morandi Christian , Gasser Benedikt A. , Schoch Raphael , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Brink Marijke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe concomitant investigation of apoptosis (a regulated cell death) and autophagy (a conserved cell survival mechanism) in immune cells is rare. More detailed knowledge of these two types of self-consumption in circulating lymphocytes and monocytes would be important, since conditions such as fasting and acute exercise could promote health by a coordinated/linked modulation of autophagy and apoptosis in these mononuclear cells. In this study we performed flow cytometry to quantify numbers of apoptotic and autophagic mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and monocytes in fasting, standardized fed, and exercise conditions, using Annexin V, LC3B, and p62, respectively. We show that within total mononuclear cells lymphocytes are less apoptotic and autophagic than monocytes during fasting (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively) and after acute exercise (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). Fasting increased circulating autophagic monocyte concentrations, but not lymphocytes compared to the fed control condition. Acute exercise elevated circulating autophagic lymphocyte concentrations, but not monocytes. Interestingly, Western blotting analysis of the fasting samples showed that higher LC3BII/I ratios were correlated with lower numbers of autophagic mononuclear cells (r = − 0.74, p = 0.02, n = 8), which could be attributed to the monocyte subgroup, but not lymphocytes. These results extend the current knowledge of the two types of self-consumption in circulating immune cells and underline their possible importance in pro-inflammatory monocytes during fasting and exercise as health promoting interventions.
Participatory Design Going Digital: Challenges and Opportunities for Distributed Place-Making
Authors: Slingerland Geertje , Murray Maria , Lukosch Stephan , McCarthy John , Brazier Frances 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has urged researchers to explore new options for distributed participatory design, as physical meetings and workshops became unfeasible. This situation posed new challenges but also opportunities, in particular with respect to engagement and inclusion. This paper focuses on distributed PD with Irish teenagers to support place-making during this period: to build relationships with each other and the community. In a two-week online summer school, teenagers explored a concern or highlighted a unique aspect of their local community and designed digital artworks in response. Activities and materials were designed to support reflection, empowerment, inclusiveness, emergence, and playfulness for participatory place-making. Analysis of the summer school provides insights and guidance on the design of online PD for engaging experiences, especially in the context of place-making.
The role of ethical reflection and dialogue in conceptualising animal welfare
Authors: Coghlan Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that ethical reflection and dialogue can assist in understanding what animal welfare is. Questions about animal welfare’s nature are thorny and contested. Responding to an essay by Donald Bruckner, the paper acknowledges that animal welfare is a type of normative value (namely prudential value) distinct from ethical value and that the methodology for determining prudential value is not simply reducible to ethical thought. However, it contends that connections between ethics and understanding wellbeing are closer than we might expect. The paper argues that: the broad conception of welfare we seek must answer to ethics; ethical responses can sometimes expose existing hidden or denied beliefs about prudential value/wellbeing; some judgements about wellbeing’s nature are internal to and thereby newly revealed in ethical judgements; understanding prudential value often requires sensitivity and responsiveness somewhat like that required in good ethical thinking. In these ways, and perhaps contrary to our assumptions, ethics (and philosophy) can help us conceptualise animal welfare.
Evaluating the benefits of legacy phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Roy Dibakar , Debnath Abhijit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
Many soils in the developed world have been fertilized with phosphate for several decades. Appreciable phosphate has accumulated in such soils. This is referred to as “legacy P”. The benefits of legacy P are not widely appreciated. Here, we report the effects of legacy P on buffering capacity and the consequent effects on the effectiveness of plant growth, and its effects on the continuing reaction between soil and P and the consequent effects in decreasing the decline of P effectiveness with time.

Methods
We produced five levels of legacy P by incubating the soil with added phosphate at high temperatures for 30 days. We then measured the effect on sorption/desorption and on plant growth in response to further additions of phosphate.

Results
Legacy P decreased soil buffering capacity, decreased hysteresis of desorption, and increased the amount of P in a similar state to that of the recently sorbed P. There were analogous effects of plant growth; effectiveness of P fertiliser increased; the decline in effectiveness with time decreased; and the amount of soil P accessible to plants increased. We think that soil tests reflect only the amount of soil P accessible to plants. Soil testing services which include estimates of phosphate buffering reflect its decrease and the consequent increase in fertilizer effectiveness. We propose a simple test to reflect the rate of decline in effectiveness with time.

Conclusions
Managing phosphate applications using soil tests alone underestimates phosphate status and leads to over application of phosphate. It is necessary to also include estimates of the change in phosphate buffering and the change in the rate of decline in effectiveness with time. A simple way to estimate the rate of decline is suggested.
GA-MADRID: design and validation of a machine learning tool for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia using genetic algorithms
Authors: García-Gutierrez Fernando , Díaz-Álvarez Josefa , Matias-Guiu Jordi A. , Pytel Vanesa , Matías-Guiu Jorge , Cabrera-Martín María Nieves , Ayala José L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence aids early diagnosis and development of new treatments, which is key to slow down the progress of the diseases, which to date have no cure. The patients’ evaluation is carried out through diagnostic techniques such as clinical assessments neuroimaging techniques, which provide high-dimensionality data. In this work, a computational tool is presented that deals with the data provided by the clinical diagnostic techniques. This is a Python-based framework implemented with a modular design and fully extendable. It integrates (i) data processing and management of missing values and outliers; (ii) implementation of an evolutionary feature engineering approach, developed as a Python package, called PyWinEA using Mono-objective and Multi-objetive Genetic Algorithms (NSGAII); (iii) a module for designing predictive models based on a wide range of machine learning algorithms; (iv) a multiclass decision stage based on evolutionary grammars and Bayesian networks. Developed under the eXplainable Artificial Intelligence and open science perspective, this framework provides promising advances and opens the door to the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases from a data-centric point of view. In this work, we have successfully evaluated the potential of the framework for early and automated diagnosis with neuroimages and neurocognitive assessments from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Graphical abstract