bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Combustion and Flame Characteristics of Laminar Methane/Air and N-Butane/Air Flames in a Micro-Slot Burner
Authors: Sheykhbaglou Soroush , Robati Seyed Mostafa 
Published: November 2022

Combustion and flame characteristics of laminar methane/air and n-butane/air flames in a 3D-printed micro-slot burner is compared and reported in this study. The stability limit, flame appearance, and emission performance are investigated experimentally. In addition, past research on conventional burners is compared with the results of this study throughout the paper. The construction of this micro-slot burner was met by selective laser melting (SLM) process. Flame characteristics such as lift-off height, length, visible area, maximum width, and neck width are obtained using an image processing algorithm and are examined at different fuel and airflow rates. The results show that the blow-out limits of methane/air and n-butane/air flames are almost the same when compared at the same volume flow rates, although the methane/air flames are more stable than n-butane/air flames at the same thermal input powers. A region of interesting rope-like oscillatory flames (that has never been seen before in conventional burners) is observed in a small portion of a stable region for n-butane with a period ranging from

75.0

to

210.0

m
s

. It is also observed that the fuel type and fuel and airflow rates affect the flame shape and appearance and the flames formed by heavier fuel (n-butane) have longer length, lift-off height, maximum width, and visible area and lower neck width. Furthermore, methane/air flames exhibit lower values of

C
O

and higher values of

N
O

x

in the flue gas when compared to n-butane/air flames.
Quantitative Analysis of the Acceptance and Learning Success Instead of Flipped Classroom Teaching in a Caries Diagnosis Course for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Bizhang Mozhgan , Zimmer Stefan , Ehlers Jan P. 
Published: November 2022

This pilot study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a flipped classroom for undergraduate students in dentistry. The main objective was to compare the knowledge level of students before and after lectures and practice. All second-year dental students (n = 44) at Witten/Herdecke University participated in this pilot study. They took four knowledge assessments, i.e., T0: the baseline, T2a: after the online lecture (two weeks after T0), T2b: immediately after the face-to-face session, and T3: after the practical session (three weeks after T2). The students’ satisfaction and self-assessment of their abilities were determined immediately after the practical session in an anonymous online questionnaire using LimeSurvey. To assess the level of knowledge, we used the Friedman and Wilcoxon-signed-rank tests with the Bonferroni correction to analyze the correct answer by comparing the results from different sessions. The students’ satisfaction and self-assessment of their abilities were determined descriptively, presenting the mean and standard deviation. A significance level of

p

≤ 0.05 was applied. Data from thirty-nine students regarding the level of knowledge were analyzed. There were statistically significant differences in the level of knowledge of the students at different times (

p

= 0.001). A total of 19.5% of students reported a problem with the flipped classroom method, and 80.5% reported no problem with this educational method. Ninety-four percent of students would like further flipped classrooms in dental education. Within the limitations of this pilot study, the results suggest that dental students benefit from the flipped classroom method and that this mode of education can be effective in introducing caries diagnosis education for undergraduate students.
Old Dog, New Trick: A Tumor-Intrinsic Role for PD-1 in Chemoresistant Tumor Subclones
Authors: Augustin Ryan C. , Bao Riyue , Luke Jason J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a well-known driver of immunosuppression and lymphocyte-associated disease progression. Increasing evidence suggests a tumor-intrinsic role for PD-1 in promoting chemoresistance via stem-like features. Moving forward, a recent study implies a novel antitumor mechanism for PD-1 inhibition.See related article by Rotolo et al., p. 621
Mean Coronary Cross‐Sectional Area as a Measure of Arterial Remodeling Using Noncontrast CT Imaging in Persons With HIV
Authors: Werede Ayoda T. , Terry James G. , Nair Sangeeta , Temu Tecla M. , Shepherd Bryan E. , Bailin Samuel S. , Mashayekhi Mona , Gabriel Curtis L. , Lima Morgan , Woodward Beverly Owen , Hannah LaToya , Mallal Simon A. , Beckman Joshua A. , Li Jonathan Z. , Fajnzylber Jesse , Harrison David G. , Carr John Jeffrey , Koethe John R. , Wanjalla Celestine N. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Persons with HIV have a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease compared with their HIV‐negative counterparts. Earlier identification of subclinical atherosclerosis may provide a greater opportunity for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. We investigated coronary cross‐sectional area (CorCSA) by noncontrasted computed tomography imaging as a noninvasive measure of arterial remodeling among virally suppressed persons with HIV.

Methods and Results

We assessed 105 persons with HIV with a spectrum of cardiometabolic health. All participants underwent computed tomography imaging to assess the mean corCSA of the proximal left anterior descending artery and 28 participants underwent additional coronary computed tomography angiography. Partial Spearman rank correlations adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors were used to assess relationships of corCSA with anthropometric measurements, HIV‐related factors, and plasma cytokines. Mean corCSA measured by noncontrast computed tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography were strongly correlated (ρ=0.91,
P
<0.0001). Higher mean corCSA was present in those with coronary artery calcium (
P
=0.005) and it correlated with participants' atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score (ρ=0.35,
P
=0.01). After adjusting for established cardiovascular disease risk factors, we observed an inverse relationship between corCSA and CD4
+
T‐cell count (ρ=−0.2,
P
=0.047). Removal of age from the model strengthened the relationships between corCSA and antiretroviral therapy duration (from ρ=0.19,
P
=0.08 to ρ=0.3,
P
=0.01). CorCSA was also inversely correlated with plasma IL‐10 (ρ=−0.25,
P
=0.03) but had no relationship with IL‐6 (ρ=0.11,
P
=0.4) or IL‐1β (ρ=0.08,
P
=0.5).

Conclusions
Positive coronary arterial remodeling, an imaging marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is associated with a lower CD4 T‐cell count, lower circulating IL‐10, and possibly a longer antiretroviral therapy duration in persons with HIV.

Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04451980.
Fifty Years of Declining Confidence & Increasing Polarization in Trust in American Institutions
Authors: Brady Henry E. , Kent Thomas B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Except for the military and science, confidence in most American political and non-political institutions has fallen precipitously over the past fifty years. Declines in trust are partly the result of dissatisfaction with governmental and institutional accountability and concomitant skepticism about the competency and responsiveness of institutions. Declines are also the result of a polarization in trust in institutions, as Republicans trust business, the police, religion, and the military much more than Democrats, whose confidence in these institutions, except the military, has fallen. In turn, Democrats trust labor, the press, science, higher education, and public schools much more than Republicans, whose confidence in these institutions has fallen. Declines and polarization in confidence may be traceable to political polarization stemming from increasing income inequality and segregation in America. With polarization and decreasing trust in institutions, it becomes more difficult to fight epidemics, maintain faith in policing, and deal with problems such as climate change.
Trust & Models of Policing
Authors: Meares Tracey L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The notion of trust has become central to the discussion of policing and its transformation over the last decade. Scholars, policy-makers, and the agents who purport to carry out public safety projects on behalf of the public now commonly point to trust as one of the central goals of the relationship between policing agencies and members of the public they serve, in contrast to the more common and familiar notion of crime reduction. This essay highlights three common mechanisms agencies and the individuals they comprise use to attempt to improve the public's trust in police: changing policy, training of police, and citizen oversight boards. Focusing on the conceptual framework that the social psychology of procedural justice offers, the essay then turns to a less common target for change: the very laws police enforce. Changing the police will require not only transforming how its members carry out the job but also the laws they are sworn to uphold.
Race & Political Trust: Justice as a Unifying Influence on Political Trust
Authors: Wu Cary , Wilkes Rima , Wilson David C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Americans’ trust in government is lower than ever. However, while all groups have seen a decline in trust since the 1960s, the gap in trust between racial and ethnic minorities and Whites in this period has varied not only in size but also in direction. At times, racial and ethnic minorities have actually had higher rates of trust than Whites, contradicting the broad assumptions in research about race and political trust. Explanations of the causes of trust in government that emphasize institutional experience and early socialization would not predict this outcome. We propose that an underutilized component in the study of race and political trust is perceived justice. On one hand, racial and ethnic minorities’ sensitivity to institutional injustice often leads to lower rates of trust. On the other hand, when racial and ethnic minorities perceive there are greater opportunities for racial progress, which signal that widespread harm can be repaired, their political trust tends to increase, sometimes to levels that exceed those for Whites. The interplay between political realities that shape perceived justice as well as political hope for racial progress likely creates the variable longitudinal patterns of racial and ethnic differences in trust.
Role of Atmosphere–Ocean–Ice Interaction in the Linkage between December Bering Sea Ice and Subsequent February Surface Air Temperature over North America
Authors: Zhao Jiazhen , He Shengping , Wang Huijun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study revealed that the interannual variations of December Bering Sea ice and subsequent February surface air temperature (SAT) over North America are significantly correlated during 2000/01–2020/21, which is not the case during 1966/67–1999/2000. During 2000/01–2020/21, reduced December Bering Sea ice is generally followed by a February meridional dipole pattern in the atmospheric circulation over North America, which provides favorable conditions for colder temperatures. Further analysis elucidates that the intensified persistence of December Bering Sea ice anomaly might be responsible for the identified change in such a lead–lag sea ice–SAT linkage. During 2000/01–2020/21, the Bering Sea ice anomaly in December can persist into the subsequent February during which the sea ice anomaly exerts a thermal effect on the atmosphere aloft, stimulates an eastward-propagating Rossby wave train, and causes the meridional dipole pattern over North America. The longer persistence of December Bering Sea ice anomaly during 2000/01–2020/21 is attributed to the interdecadal intensified atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction over the Bering Sea—a positive feedback loop that favors the persistence of the sea ice anomaly. A negative sea ice concentration anomaly with more open water in the Bering Sea would allow the ocean to release more heat and warm more the air aloft. This will further lead to more downward longwave radiation, preventing the sea ice growth and helping maintain the sea ice anomaly. Results of this study indicates that the intensity of atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction in the Bering Sea may modulate the linkage between the February SAT over North America and the preceding December Bering Sea ice.
What’s COVID-19 Got to Do With It? Implementing the 2020 Connecticut Comprehensive School Counseling Framework
Authors: Trombly Christopher E. , Parzych Jennifer L. , Generali Margaret M. , Yavuz Olcay 
Published: November 2022

The Connecticut Comprehensive School Counseling Framework was released in November 2020—8 months into the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore the progress made by principals and school counselors in implementing the new framework, and to understand the impact of the pandemic on their efforts to do so. We found significant overlap between the perceptions and priorities expressed by participating principals and school counselors. Particularly noteworthy was the fact that both groups described increased collaboration within their schools.
Chronic Achilles Tendon Repair: Minimally Invasive Turn-Down Technique with Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer
Authors: Meyers Andrew , Pyle Casey W. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Sports; Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Chronic achilles tendon injuries present several technical considerations. A reported 20-25% of acute ruptures may be missed and lead to late diagnosis. A commonly faced problem with chronic ruptures is the amount of tendon retraction that occurs, leading to the inability to perform a direct end-to-end repair. Previous studies have demonstrated that central turndown lengthening with addition of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) augmentation can be performed with good results, although it has been associated with post-surgical wound complications and infection. The following description is a turndown technique with FHL tendon transfer augmentation for chronic achilles rupture that allows increased fixation with a tendon to bone construct, accomplished with a minimally invasive approach. Methods: Dissection is made down to the Achilles rupture site. Scar tissue is debrided down to two stable ends. The residual gap is then measured and 2cm is added. This distance is then used to make a proximal incision. Dissection is performed to gastrocnemius tendinous raphe. The central third of this segment is incised perpendicularly. A quadriceps tendon harvester (Arthrex, Naples, FL) is utilized to cut in an antegrade fashion down the tendon portion percutaneously, leaving a 1-1.5cm of tendon spared distally. The tendon is pulled under and through the distal incision. A percutaneous achilles repair system (PARS, Arthrex, Naples, FL) Jig is used to span proximal tendon. FHL tendon transfer is then completed in usual fashion. Suture tails from proximal tendon are then passed through the distal end. Tension is pulled through the sutures, approximating repair. The suture is loaded onto anchors and secured into the calcaneus under tension. Results: Favorable outcomes have been observed following the 2 patients that have had chronic achilles repair with utilization of this minimally invasive turn-down technique with FHL transfer. At a follow up of at least 6 months, no patient has demonstrated wound dehiscence or breakdown. There have been no reports of re-rupture. All patients have been satisfied with the procedure and their level of returned function. Conclusion: Our method of repair with combination of central turndown procedure and FHL tendon transfer provides a suitable option for improved functional outcomes in the treatment of chronic achilles ruptures while providing a minimally invasive approach and avoiding the need for allograft tissue. By using the quadricep tendon harvester in a subcutaneous fashion, incision length can be reduced by nearly 50%. This technique can be performed with existing technologies and is readily reproducible. Using the tendon to bone fixation along with intra-tendinous shuttling, allows for excellent fixation strength, a knotless construct, and almost complete intra-substance suture placement.
A 5-Year Follow-Up of Neuropathic Minimally Invasive Surgeries with Superconstructs for Mid-Foot Charcot Deformity
Authors: Miller Roslyn 
Published: November 2022

Category: Diabetes; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Charcot neuroarthropathy is associated with a progressive deformity that can result in wound breakdown, ulceration and ultimately amputation. Conservative management with total contact casting can allow ulcers to heal. However conservative treatment is dependent on continual podiatry and orthotic input. Surgical correction of the 'rocker bottom deformity has evolved. Minimally invasive surgical techniques utilising beams and bolts for a 'super-construct' to correct the Charcot deformity is possible through percutaneous incisions. We report the 5-year outcomes of a cohort of patients with diabetic neuroarthropathy treated with neuropathic minimally invasive surgeries including modifications of the surgical technique to reduce complications and improve outcomes. Methods: A cohort of 16 patients with diabetic neuroarthropathy was treated using neuropathic minimally invasive surgeries. Patients were recruited from the multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic. Patients had been treated with total contact casting to heal ulcers and prevent future wound breakdown. Surgery was performed as a day case or overnight stay under general anaesthetic. Using fluoroscopy, closing wedge osteotomy was performed with minimally invasive 'Shannon' cutting and wedge burrs to create a triplane closing wedge osteotomy of the midfoot. Reduction of the forefoot to the midfoot was achieved using percutaneous beams and bolts. The void was filled with antibiotic bone graft substitute. Post-operatively patients were immobilised in total contact cast for eight to twelve weeks non-weight-bearing, followed by six weight-bearing in a moon-boot with total contact insole for six weeks. Results: The aim of surgical intervention is to create a stable plantigrade shoe able foot. Whilst osseous union is desirable, a stable fibrous union allows the patient to transition to footwear, with reduced risk of recurrence of deformity, wound breakdown or ulceration, Minimally invasive surgery with antibiotic bone graft substitutes reduces the risk of post-operative infection. The most common complication was the breakage of metalwork at the tip of the bolts. Infection was the second most common complication. Removal of metalwork, minimally invasive debridement and irrigation, allowed the infection to be irradicated. Lost of correction of deformity requiring revision surgery occurred in three patients with good outcomes. There was one amputation. Conclusion: Significant midfoot deformity correction can be performed using minimally invasive surgical techniques with beams and bolts to create a super-construct for stabilisation of midfoot Charcot deformity. The advantages of percutaneous incisions allow for earlier intervention before a major deformity has occurred. Neuropathic minimally invasive surgeries are optimal for patients who have no active ulceration and are systemically well but require prophylactic intervention to prevent further deformity and risk of amputation.
Sustained barcode medication administration rates less than 2 percent in a large healthcare system
Authors: Boehme Sabrina , Wohlt Paul , Valentine John , Ensign Richard 
Published: November 2022

Purpose Implementation of bar code medication administration (BCMA) technology is an effective strategy to decrease medication administration errors. Consistent use of BCMA technology within a hospital system should result in improved patient safety through the reduction of medication related administration errors. Based on this premise, a large health system established an annual goal to reduce BCMA override rates to less than 2%. Methods A large health system located in the Intermountain West developed a BCMA override reporting tool to assist with reducing BCMA override rates. An essential component of the reporting tool is the visual management strategy which allows caregivers to easily identify goal progress. The tool also includes information that managers can use to determine how often their direct reports override medications. Pharmacy caregivers can also use the data from the reporting tool to address specific issues related to medications that do not scan properly. Results Implementation of the tool and education on its use, resulted in individual follow up with nursing units and nurses, ultimately producing sustained barcode overrides less than 2%. Conclusion By implementing reporting systems that identifies specific opportunities for improvement, barcode override rates can be decreased to less than 2% in a large healthcare system.
The emplacement, alteration, subduction and metamorphism of metagranites from the Tso Morari Complex, Ladakh Himalaya
Authors: Bidgood Anna K. , Waters David J. , Dyck Brendan J. , Roberts Nick M.W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEclogite-facies mineral assemblages are commonly preserved in mafic protoliths within continental terranes. It is widely accepted that the entirety of these continental terrains must also have been subducted to eclogite-facies conditions. However, evidence that the felsic material transformed at eclogite-facies conditions is lacking. Low-strain metagranites of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic Tso Morari Complex in Ladakh, Himalaya, are host to eclogite-facies mafic sills and preserve evidence of subduction to eclogite-facies conditions. Following the eclogite-facies metamorphism, the granites and their gneissic equivalents were overprinted by amphibolite-facies Barrovian metamorphism, obscuring their earlier metamorphic history. We present evidence that the Tso Morari metagranites preserve a complex magmatic, hydrothermal and polymetamorphic history that involved four stages. Stage 1 was magmatic crystallisation, a record of which is preserved in the primary igneous mineralogy and relict igneous microstructures. Monazite grains record a U–Pb age of 474.0 ± 11.6 Ma, concurrent with a published zircon crystallisation age. Stage 2 represents pervasive late-magmatic hydrothermal alteration of the granite during emplacement and is evident in the mineral composition, particularly in the white micas preserved in the igneous domains. Stage 3 involved the (ultra)high-pressure metamorphism of these granite bodies during the Himalayan subduction of continental material. The high-pressure stage of the metamorphic history (>25 kbar at 550–650°C) is preserved as thin coronas of garnet and phengite around igneous biotite, garnet with kyanite inclusions in pseudomorphs after cordierite, and rare palisade quartz textures after coesite. Stage 4 was a result of Barrovian metamorphism of the Tso Morari Complex and is evident in the replacement of garnet by biotite. Many of these features are preserved in localised textural domains in the rock, where local equilibrium was important and the anhydrous conditions limited reaction progress, though aided preservation potential. Collectively, these four stages record a 480 Myr history of metamorphism and reworking of the northernmost Indian plate.