bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cone Beam Computed Tomography References for Placement Site and Insertion Angle of a Palatal Orthodontic Miniscrew in the Posterior Maxillary Area
Authors: LI Xinghan , LIU Jiaojiao , XU Jialin , YANG Ying , WANG Jingfu , ZHANG Xiaodong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To strengthen the safety and stability of palatal orthodontic miniscrew, the interradicular width, and the thickness of palatal mucosal and bone should be considered, providing a reference for placement site and insertion angle of palatal orthodontic miniscrew. Methods: The imaging data of 90 adult patients were selected for this study, and the jaw bone was reconstructed by scanning. On the maxillary palatal aspect, distances of 12, 14, 16 and 18 mm from the palatal apex of the first maxillary molar between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, and between the maxillary first and second molars were selected as measurement points. Linear measurements included the interradicular width of the palatal root between adjacent teeth, as well as the palatal mucosal thickness and bone thickness if the miniscrew was inserted at 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° relative to the long axis of the tooth. Data comparisons were performed via one-way analyses of variance and least significant difference tests.Results: The greater the insertion angle, the shorter the interradicular width and mucosal thickness, the difference among all these angles was statistically significant (P < 0.05)；an angle between 60–90° was safer for insertion. The higher the placement site, the greater the interradicular width and mucosal thickness, the difference among all placement sites was statistically significant (P < 0.05); placement sites between 14–16mm had greater interradicular widths.Conclusions: It is safer to insert a palatal orthodontic miniscrew at a 60–90° angle 14–16 mm away from the palatal apex of the first maxillary molar between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. Further, we found it is safer to insert a palatal orthodontic miniscrew at a 60° angle 14–16 mm away from the palatal apex of the first maxillary molar between the maxillary first and second molars.
Inducible secreting TLR5 agonist CBLB502 enhances antitumor activity of CAR133-NK92 cells for colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Xiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
CAR-T/NK cells have been used with minimal success against solid malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC) in part because of the heterogeneous nature of tumour-associated antigens and the emergence of antigen loss variants that lead to negative antigen relapses after the initial response. Here, we firstly engineered a CAR133-NK92 cells with inducible secretion of TLR5 agonist CBLB502 at the tumour site, and demonstrated that CAR133-i502-NK92 cells in vitro exhibit enhanced proliferation, cytokines expression and antitumor activities compared with CAR133-NK92 cells. In addition, CAR133-i502-NK92 cells has more potent antitumor activities not only for hCD133+ but also hCD133+/hCD133- mixed colon cancer xenograft mouse models, and also has well tolerated in vivo. Notably, CBLB502 secreting from CAR133-i502-NK92 cells can effectively activate endogenous immune cells to eradicate tumor cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the CAR133-i502-NK92 cells not only specific directly eliminate CD133 positive colon cancer cells in a CAR133-dependent manner, but also can indirectly eradicate CD133 negative heterogeneous colon cancer cells in an CBLB502-elicted endogenous immune activation manner, which might offer a promising therapeutic new strategy for colorectal cancer.
Tolerability and Epidemiology of Nephrotoxicity Associated With Conventional Amphotericin B Therapy: A Retrospective Study in Tertiary Care Centers in Palestine
Authors: Abdel-Hafez Yusri , Siaj Hani , Janajri Mohammad , Abu-Baker Yazan , Nazzal Zaher , Hamdan Zakaria , Adwan Rabee , Aiesh Banan , Anaya Ahmad I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In the light of recent years, an increase in the number of life-threatening infections due to various fungi has been observed, especially in tertiary care centers. With Amphotericin B labelled as the first choice in treating these infections, one of its common side effects, nephrotoxicity, along with hypokalemia, were studied to determine the epidemiology, risk factors, and protective measures.Methodology: The study was a retrospective observational chart review study in which patients were receiving conventional Amphotericin B in two tertiary hospitals in Palestine from January 2018 to December 2020 were evaluated for the development of hypokalemia and nephrotoxicity; according to the KDIGO criteria. A total of 117 patients were included in the study. Patients who have received the drug intermittently, in fewer than two doses, through non-IV routes and patients under the age of 12 were excluded. The data collected included, but were not limited to, age, gender, comorbidities, Amphotericin B treatment details, medications, COVID-19 status, risk factors, and hypothesized protective measures.Results: The incidence of conventional Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia was 46% and 33%, respectively. With a roughly equal representation of both genders and a median age of 52 years in a range of 13-89. No association between the variables and the development of nephrotoxicity was found.; However, a 3.4 increased risk (p-value=0.01) of developing hypokalemia in females compared to males was observed.Conclusion: Our research has shown a relatively lower, yet consistent, incidence of conventional amphotericin B nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia compared to literature with gender being a risk factor for developing hypokalemia.
FBXW2 inhibits prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via promoting EGFR ubiquitylation and degradation
Authors: Zhou Tao , Chen Tingting , Lai Bin , Zhang Wenfeng , Luo Xi , Xia Ding , Fu Weihua , xu jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
FBXW2 is a poorly characterized F-box protein, as a tumor suppressor that inhibits growth and metastasis of lung cancer by promoting ubiquitylation and degradation of oncogenic proteins, including SKP2 and β-catenin. However, what the biological functions of FBXW2 in PCa cells and whether FBXW2 targets other substrates to involve in progression of PCa is still unclear. Here, we reported that overexpression of FBXW2 attenuated proliferation and metastasis of PCa models both in vitro and in vivo, while FBXW2 depletion exhibited the opposite effects. Intriguingly, FBXW2 was an E3 ligase for EGFR in PCa. EGFR protein level and its half-life were extended by FBXW2 depletion, while EGFR protein level was decreased, and its half-life was shortened upon overexpression of FBXW2, but not its dominant negative mutant. Importantly, FBXW2 bond to EGFR via its consensus degron motif (TSNNST), and ubiquitylated and degraded EGFR, resulting in repression of EGF function. Thus, our data uncovers a novel that FBXW2 as a tumor suppressor of PCa, inhibits EGFR downstreams by promoting EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in repression of cell proliferation and metastasis.
Tracking normal fluid flow in He II with unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Wen Xin , McDonald Landen , Pierce J. , Guo Wei , Fitzsimmons Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Time dependent observations of point-to-point correlations of the velocity vector field (structure functions) are necessary to fully understand and model fluid flow around complex objects. Using thermal gradients, we induced flow of the normal fluid component of liquid He II and observed the flow by recording fluorescence of He*2 excimers produced by neutron capture throughout a ~cm3 volume. We applied an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify individual excimer clouds and then track their motion with millimeter and millisecond precision using a purpose-built correlation metric. Owing to the fact excimers are produced over a large region, the data are sparse in comparison to other techniques used to produce excimers. Machine learning is crucially important to track flow represented by sparse data—a situation encountered in other fields of science—and its importance will increase as improvements are made to overcome the sparsity of data.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing of zebrafish hair cells reveals the novel genes potentially involved in hearing loss
Authors: Qian Fuping , Wei Guanyun , Wang Xin , Gong Jie , Guo Chao , Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Xu , Zhao Jinxiang , Wang Cheng , Xu Mengting , Hu Yuebo , Gao Yajing , Yin Guoli , Kang Jiahui , Chai Renjie , Xie Gangcai , Liu Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hair cells play key roles in hearing and balance, and hair cell loss would result in hearing loss or vestibular dysfunction. Cellular and molecular research in hair cell biology provide us a better understanding of hearing and deafness. Zebrafish, owing to their hair cell-enriched organs, have been widely applied in hair cell-related research worldwide. Similar to mammals, zebrafish have inner ear hair cells. In addition, they also have lateral line neuromast hair cells. These different hair cells vary in morphology and function. However, systematic analysis of their molecular characteristics remains lacking. In this study, we analyzed the GFP+ cells isolated from Tg(Brn3c:mGFP) larvae using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Three subtypes of hair cells, namely macula hair cell (MHC), crista hair cell (CHC) and neuromast hair cell (NHC) were characterized and validated by whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis of marker genes. Furthermore, we carried out the morphological comparison of these hair cells. Based on the hair cell scRNA-seq data, we obtained hair cell-enriched genes pool, including hearing loss genes that have been identified in humans and novel genes potentially involved in hair cell formation and function. Two novel genes were discovered to specifically function in NHCs and MHCs, corresponding to their specific expression in NHCs and MHCs. This study allows us to understand the specific genes in hair cell subpopulations of zebrafish, which will shed light on the genetics of both human vestibular and cochlear hair cell function.
Identification of Differentially Expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in Uterine Leiomyomas with RNA Sequencing
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Meng Fanfei , Ji Yijing , Wang Yuan , Hua Maofang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the occurrence of uterine leiomyomas (UL) and further clarify the pathogenesis of UL by detecting the differential expression of mRNAs and lncRNA in 10 cases of UL tissues and surrounding normal myometrial tissues by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Methods: The tissue samples of 10 patients who underwent hysterectomy for UL in Lianyungang maternal and child health hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were collected. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified, and further analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis. The protein–protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed in Cytoscape software. Functional annotation of the nearby target cis‐DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs was performed with DAVID. Meanwhile, the co-expression network of DElncRNA-DEmRNA was constructed in Cytoscape software. Results: A total of 553 DElncRNAs (283 up-regulated DElncRNAs and 270 down-regulated DElncRNAs) and 3,293 DEmRNAs (1,632 up-regulated DEmRNAs and 1,661 down-regulated DEmRNAs) were obtained. GO pathways enrichment analysis revealed that several important pathways were significantly enriched in UL such as blood vessel development, regulation of ion transport and external encapsulating structure organization. In addition, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascades were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways enrichment analysis. A total of 409 DElncRNAs-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs were detected, which included 118 DElncRNAs and 136 DEmRNAs. Finally, we found that top two DElncRNAs with most nearby DEmRNAs were BISPR and AC012531.1. Conclusions: These results suggested that 3293 DEmRNAs and 553 DElncRNAs were differentially expressed in UL tissue and normal myometrium tissue, which might be candidate identified therapeutic and prognostic targets for UL and be considered as offering several possible mechanisms and pathogenesis of UL in the future.
Thiazol-2-ylidenes: Versatile N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands with Enhanced Electrophilicity for Transition-Metal-Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Tao , Li Xiangyang , Lv Anqi , Li Xue , Wang Zheng , Wang Ruihong , Ma Yangmin , Fang Ran , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Over the last 20 years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a dominant direction in ligand development in transition-metal-catalysis. In particular, strong σ-donation in combination with tunable steric environment make NHCs to be among the most common ligands used for C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation. Thus far, NHC ligand development has been almost exclusively limited to N-aryl-imidazolylidenes, such as IPr, prepared by deprotonation of symmetrical imidazolium salts. However, the molecular structure of imidazolylidene systems is constrained by the substitution with two nitrogen atoms, a limitation that prohibits the development of more active carbene 2 analogues. Herein, we report the first study on steric and electronic properties of thiazol-2-ylidenes. We demonstrate that the ring dissymmetry and enhanced 𝝅-electrophilicity result in a class of highly active carbene ligands for electrophilic cyclization reactions to form valuable oxazoline heterocycles. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and 𝝅-accepting properties as well as structural characterization and coordination chemistry is presented. This mode of catalysis can be applied to late-stage drug functionalization to furnish attractive building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Considering the key role of N-heterocyclic ligands, we anticipate that N-aryl thiazol-2-ylidenes will be of broad interest as ligands in modern chemical synthesis.
Ectopic Expression of a Bamboo SVP-Like Gene Alters Flowering Time and Floral Organs in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Liu Shinan , Vasupalli Naresh , Hou Dan , Lin Xinchun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Short Vegetative Phase (SVP) gene is a key regulator for floral transition and development. Although SVP-like genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, their orthologs in bamboo have not been characterized. In this study, one SVP homolog was isolated from lei bamboo based on the P. edulis transcriptome database and designated as PvSVP2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PvSVP2 was closely related to rice OsMADS47. Expression analysis revealed that PvSVP2 was widely expressed in different tissues but significantly in vegetative tissues. Moreover, it has higher transcript levels in the late stages of flower development. Overexpression of PvSVP2 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused the early flowering and abnormal floral morphologies. Further, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the genes regulating flowering time (FT and SOC1) and flower development (AP1, AP3 and PI) expressions were significantly increased in transgenic A. thaliana lines and correlated with PvSVP2 expression. The subcellular location of PvSVP2 in both onion epidermal cells and A. thaliana protoplast was localized in the nucleus and cytomembrane. Through yeast two-hybrid and BIFC assays, we identified that PvSVP2 interact with PvMADS56 (a SOC1 homolog) and PvVRN1 (an AP1 homolog). These results suggested that PvSVP2 may play an essential role in the flowering process of bamboo by regulating the PvMADS56 and PvVRN1. Besides, we purified and obtained the PvSVP2 recombinant protein by prokaryotic inducement. Our data will provide information to understand the characterization and function of PvSVP2 and be beneficial to illustration the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering.
A Compact Model of Backscattering Coefficient and Mobility of Graphene FET for SiO2 and h-BN Substrates
Authors: Upadhyay Abhishek Kumar , Gupta Deepika , Mathew Ribu , Beohar Ankur 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The field dependent compact model of backscattering coefficient and quasi-ballistic mobility of charge carriers in graphene have developed for two different substrates: silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The formulation of the backscattering coefficient is performed using the Landauer and McKelvey Flux Theory (MFT) in quasi-ballistic regime. In graphene, acoustic phonon (AP), surface optical phonon (OP) and charged impurity (CI) scatterings are present among the charge carriers. That is carefully considered during the formulation of backscattering coefficient (R) and quasi-ballistic mobility ( µ eff ) . We find that the Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET) with h-BN substrate has the lower backscattering and higher quasi-ballistic mobility. The modeled expression of backscattering coefficient and quasi-ballistic mobility is substituted in drain current ( I DS ) of GFET devices having SiO 2 and h-BN substrate, have shown good agreement with the experimental results.
Triglyceride Glucose Index Is Independently Associated With Aorta Intima-Media Thickness In Patients Without Clinical Manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: ÖZBİÇER Süleyman , Yüksel Gülhan , Urgun Örsan Deniz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: Subclinical atherosclerosis begins to develop in the thoracic aorta early in life. Insulin resistance is a well-established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of insulin resistance regardless of glucose tolerance or obesity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients without diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease undergoing transesophageal echocardiography due to suspected structural heart disease.Methods: One hundred twenty-two patients enrolled in the study between January 2021 and June 2021. Triglyceride-glucose index was calculated using fasting laboratory parameters, major cardiovascular risk factors and IMT of the thoracic aorta were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to their median IMT; patients with an IMT equal to or less than 1.42 mm were low IMT group, and higher than 1.42 mm were high IMT group.Results: Triglyceride-glucose index were higher in the high IMT group (8.69 ± 0.59 vs. 8.37 ± 0.53, p= 0.003). Triglyceride-glucose index was correlated with IMT (r=0.259, p=0.005) and in binary logistic regression analysis age and TyG was independently associated with having high IMT (β = 0.091, exp(B)=1.095 95%CI = 1.041 – 1.152, p<0.001 and β=1.726, exp(B)= 5.621 95%CI= 1.139- 27.728, p=0.034, respectively)Conclusion: We found an independent relationship between TyG and IMT of the thoracic aorta, an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the TyG index can be used to identify high-risk subjects among healthy subjects.
Therapeutic Effects of Vasopressin in Cardiac Arrest: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Wen-Qing , Song Xin , Dong Wei-Hua , Zhou Wen-Qiang , Chen Zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Our review aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of vasopressin as alternative treatment for cardiac arrest.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception until November 2021. Vasopressin use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was compared to no vasopressin or placebo. The primary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The secondary outcomes included mild-term survival and mild-term good neurological outcome.Results: Twelve studies (n=6718) were included, of which eight trials (n=5638) reported the data on patients with OHCA and four trials (n=1080) on patients with IHCA. There were no significant differences between intravenous vasopressin and placebo in the outcomes of ROSC (relative risk [RR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.26), mild-term survival (RR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.90–1.66), and mild-term good neurological outcome (RR,1.20; 95% CI: 0.77–1.87). However, in the subgroup analysis, intravenous vasopressin as part of the vasopressin, steroids and epinephrine (VSE) protocol can significantly improve the rate of ROSC (RR, 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18–1.47) but not the rate of mild-term survival (RR, 2.15; 95% CI:0.75–6.16) and mild-term good neurological outcome (RR,1.80; 95% CI, 0.81–4.01) for patients with IHCA. For patients with OHCA, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of ROSC (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91–1.07), mild-term survival (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.86–1.72) and mild-term good neurological outcome (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.55–1.61). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis found that intravenous vasopressin may not significantly improve the rate of ROSC, mild-term survival and good neurological outcome. In the subgroup analysis, vasopressin as a part of VSE protocol is associated with the improvement of ROSC in patients with IHCA. However, no mild‐term survival or mild-term good neurological outcome benefit has been demonstrated. Better-designed trials on a large group of patients should be conducted in the future to address the therapeutic effect of vasopressin or vasopressin-steroids-epinephrine in cardiac arrest.