bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels of people over 60
Authors: Tyszko Weronika 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Physical activity at any age brings numerous benefits. In youth, it strengthens and increases a person's overall physical fitness whereas in old age it improves well-being, inhibits the ageing process and sustains health. With systematic exercise it is possible to maintain physical fitness at a higher level compared to physically inactive people [1]. Physical activity is one of the factors that determines a person's state of health. Their ontogenesis is also a major element of a healthy lifestyle [2]. The human body was created for movement so, in order to function properly, it needs regular activities and physical exercise [3]. Regular physical activity influences the maintenance of functional fitness, independence and autonomy in performing daily activities in older age. Movement deficiency is a problem at any age, especially in seniors. Maintaining an active lifestyle among the elderly is a major component of successful ageing [4].
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the physical activity levels in people over 60 years old, and whether there is a correlation between sociodemographic factors, BMI and physical activity levels in the study group.
Material and method: The study was conducted remotely in July and August 2020 on people aged 60 and over. The study involved 77 people over 60 years of age: 63 women and 14 men. The research tool was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In the study group 69 people were aged 60-70 years and 8 people were aged 71-80 years.
Results: People over 60 years of age lead active lifestyles; seniors' physical activity is sufficient. BMI and socio-demographic factors do not affect the physical activity of older people.
Conclusions: The level of physical activity among the elderly covered by the study is sufficient. Sociodemographic factors and BMI do not determine the level of physical activity in the study group.
The Dynamic Freight Routing Problem for Less-Than-Truckload Carriers
Authors: Baubaid Ahmad , Boland Natashia , Savelsbergh Martin 
Published: December 2022

Less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers transport freight shipments from origins to destinations by consolidating freight using a network of terminals. As daily freight quantities are uncertain, carriers dynamically decide freight routes on the day of operations. We introduce the dynamic freight routing problem (DFRP) and model this problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). To overcome the curses of dimensionality of the MDP model, we introduce an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) solution approach that uses a lookup table to store value function approximations and present and compares a number of aggregation approaches that use features of the postdecision states (PDSs) to aggregate the PDS space and reduce the number of entries in the lookup table. Furthermore, because the decision subproblems are integer programs (IPs), we present a framework for integrating lookup tables into the decision subproblem IPs. This framework consists of (1) a modeling approach for the integration of lookup table value function approximations into subproblem IPs to form extended subproblem IPs; (2) a solution approach, PDS-IP-bounding, which decomposes the extended subproblem IPs into many smaller IPs and uses dynamic bounds to reduce the number of small IPs that have to be solved; and (3) an adaptation of the ϵ-greedy exploration-exploitation algorithm for the IP setting. Our computational experiments show that despite the DFRP having high-dimensional PDS vectors, a two-dimensional aggregation of the space can produce policies that outperform standard myopic policies. Moreover, they demonstrate that the PDS-IP-bounding algorithm provides computational advantages over solving the extended subproblem IPs using a commercial solver. Funding: A. Baubaid acknowledges financial support from the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1190 .
Distributed strain interrogation with a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating based on an optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Li Le , Wang Yiping , Zhu Dan , Tian Xiaozhong , Shi Jingzhan , Gao Lingge , Xiao Yunhao 
Published: December 2022

A novel distributed strain sensor method, to the best of our knowledge, based on a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG), which can simultaneously determine the strain value and ascertain the position, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Different from the traditional distributed grating interrogation system via analyzing the optical spectrum of an LCFBG, the system is mainly based on the frequency domain measurement by using an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) structure, which has the characteristics of fast response and high resolution. Based on this structure, when the distributed strain is applied to the LCFBG, the frequency response of the OEO for a reflective point of a certain wavelength will change. The strain value can be obtained by detecting the frequency shift of the OEO. Combined with the one-to-one correspondence between the wavelength and the spatial position of the LCFBG, the exact position of the strain point can be determined. In a proof-of-concept experiment, interrogation of fully distributed grating sensors with nonuniform strain distributions is demonstrated experimentally. A spatial resolution of

∼

3

µ

m

over a gauge length of 53 mm and a strain resolution of

<

1

µ
ε

have been achieved.
Identifying clusters of leprosy patients in India: A comparison of methods
Authors: Taal Anneke T. , Garg Akshat , Lisam Suchitra , Agarwal Ashok , Barreto Josafá G. , van Brakel Wim H. , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Blok David J. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Preventive interventions with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are needed in leprosy high-endemic areas to interrupt the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae. Program managers intend to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to target preventive interventions considering efficient use of public health resources. Statistical GIS analyses are commonly used to identify clusters of disease without accounting for the local context. Therefore, we propose a contextualized spatial approach that includes expert consultation to identify clusters and compare it with a standard statistical approach.

Methodology/Principal findings
We included all leprosy patients registered from 2014 to 2020 at the Health Centers in Fatehpur and Chandauli districts, Uttar Pradesh State, India (n = 3,855). Our contextualized spatial approach included expert consultation determining criteria and definition for the identification of clusters using Density Based Spatial Clustering Algorithm with Noise, followed by creating cluster maps considering natural boundaries and the local context. We compared this approach with the commonly used Anselin Local Moran’s I statistic to identify high-risk villages. In the contextualized approach, 374 clusters were identified in Chandauli and 512 in Fatehpur. In total, 75% and 57% of all cases were captured by the identified clusters in Chandauli and Fatehpur, respectively. If 100 individuals per case were targeted for PEP, 33% and 11% of the total cluster population would receive PEP, respectively. In the statistical approach, more clusters in Chandauli and fewer clusters in Fatehpur (508 and 193) and lower proportions of cases in clusters (66% and 43%) were identified, and lower proportions of population targeted for PEP was calculated compared to the contextualized approach (11% and 11%).

Conclusion
A contextualized spatial approach could identify clusters in high-endemic districts more precisely than a standard statistical approach. Therefore, it can be a useful alternative to detect preventive intervention targets in high-endemic areas.
Clinical study of anti-snake venom blockade in the treatment of local tissue necrosis caused by Chinese cobra (Naja atra) bites
Authors: Zeng Linsheng , Hou Jingjing , Ge Cuihong , Li Yanjun , Gao Jianhua , Zhang Congcong , Huang Peiying , Du Jiayu , Mo Zhizhun , Liu Yuxiang , Zeng Zhongyi 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy of anti-snake venom serum blockade in treating local tissue necrosis caused by Chinese cobra (Naja atra)bites.MethodsPatients bitten by a Chinese cobra (Naja atra)(n = 50) that met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 25). The experimental group received regular as well as anti-snake venom serum blocking treatment, whereas regular treatment plus chymotrypsin blocking therapy was given to the control group. The necrotic volumes around snake wounds in these groups were detected on the first, third and seventh days. On the third day of treatment, some local tissues in the wounds were randomly selected for pathological biopsy, and the necrosis volume of the local tissue was observed. Furthermore, the amount of time required for wound healing was recorded.ResultsOn the third and seventh days post-treatment, the necrotic volume of the wound of the experimental group was much smaller than that of the control group, and the experimental group’s wound healing time was shorter than that of the control group (allp<0.05). Moreover, the pathological biopsies taken from the control group showed nuclear pyknosis, fragmentation, sparse nuclear density, and blurred edges, and the degree of necrosis was much higher than that of the experimental group.ConclusionsAnti-snake venom blocking therapy is a new and improved therapy with good clinical effect on local tissue necrosis caused by Chinese cobra bites; moreover, it is superior to conventional chymotrypsin blocking therapy in the treatment of cobra bites. It can better neutralize and prevent the spread of the toxin, reduce tissue necrosis, and shorten the course of the disease by promoting healing of the wound. Furthermore, this treatment plan is also applicable to wound necrosis caused by other snake toxins, such as tissue necrosis caused by elapidae and viper families.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, a primary registry of International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, World Health Organization (Registration No.ChiCTR2200059070; trial URL:http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=134353&htm=4).
“Once you get cancer you die. There is no way to get saved from cancer.” A qualitative exploration of patients’ perceptions towards cancer in Fiji
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: December 2022

Background
Understanding patients’ perspective to get an insight into cancer, and how best the public health systems can battle with this disease is the way forward in this current world. This study aimed to explore patients’ knowledge about common cancers, barriers to assessing cancer information and cancer preventative approaches in Fiji.

Methods
The study used a qualitative method approach that was conducted among patients who attended Special Outpatients (SOPD) at the four selected health centres in Lautoka Subdivision, Fiji from 1st March to 30th April 2021. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used to guide in-depth interviews. These audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. All interview transcripts were read and similar words and phrases were assigned numbers which were grouped together to identify themes and sub themes.

Results
Twenty-eight patients took part in the in-depth interview and the responses were grouped into four themes including; cancer knowledge, diagnosis of cancer in a close friend/family, barriers of communication and optimizing cancer awareness. Patients’ awareness about common cancers and cancer risk factors was low. Many barriers for cancer screening were highlighted including stigmatization, fear, worry, death, lack of information, herbal medicine use, lack of resources and delay in diagnosis. Awareness strategies highlighted by participants included community outreach programs, house to house visits, opportunistic screening, engagement of community health care workers and the concept of a cancer hub centre.

Conclusion
It is evident that there is a range of views from patients towards cancer and it is important to understand these perceptions to better guide public health interventions concerning cancer. This puts more focus on the need to invest more in information, education, and communication material for public campaigns that target a variety of people for a wider reach.
Clinical and laboratory characterization of adult sickle cell anemia patients in Kinshasa
Authors: Lumbala Paul Kabuyi , Mbayabo Gloire , Ngole Mamy Nzita , Lumaka Aimé , Race Valerie , Matthijs Gert , Van Geet Chris , Lukusa Prosper Tshilobo , Devriendt Koenraad , Mikobi Tite Minga 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundSickle cell anemia (SCA) is a monogenic hemoglobinopathy associated with severe acute and chronic complications, with the highest incidence worldwide in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wide variability in clinical manifestations suggest that a uniform response to hydroxurea may not be attained. In view of a potential treatment with hydroxyurea (HU), we assessed the variability of clinical and hematological manifestations in a cohort of adults with SCA in Kinshasa, capital of the DR Congo in Central Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital dedicated to SCA management in Kinshasa. Clinical history of patients was recorded, a complete physical examination performed. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of DNA analysis. A full blood count and hemolysis markers were measured. The severity of the disease was evaluated by means of a previously reported score.ResultsThe study group consisted of 166 genetically confirmed SCA patients. The SCA severity was mild in 28.9%, moderate in 64.5% and severe in 6.6%. The disease severity score increased with patient’s age (p ≤ 0.001). The severity was higher in males compared to females (p = 0.012). In males, the severity score was correlated with the presence of priapism (p = 0.045), a manifestation not previously incorporated in the severity score. The severity score was inversely correlated with the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) rate (p = 0.005). Malnutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) was present in 47% of patients and was related to the male sex, hip disease (aOR 3.11; p = 0.019) and severe phenotype (aOR 3.53; p = 0.012). Leg ulcers were more frequent in males than in females (p = 0.001; OR 24.3) and were correlated with the number of days of hospitalization (p = 0.029). Hip disease was related to the increasing age (p = 0.008).ConclusionIn this selected, hospital-based populations of adults with SCA, severe disease was rare, which may be due to survival bias. However, two thirds had moderate severity of the disease, mostly with a low HbF, and they may benefit from HU treatment. In the Central-African setting the separation between vaso-occlusive and hyperhemolytic sub-phenotypes was not applicable.
Short stay hospital admissions for an acutely unwell child: A qualitative study of outcomes that matter to parents and professionals
Authors: Malcolm Cari , King Emma , France Emma , Kyle Richard G. , Kumar Simita , Dick Smita , Wilson Philip , Aucott Lorna , Turner Stephen W. , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: December 2022

Background
Numbers of urgent short stay admissions (SSAs) of children to UK hospitals are rising rapidly. This paper reports on experiences of SSAs from the perspective of parents accessing urgent care for their acutely unwell child and of health professionals referring, caring for, or admitting children.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was conducted by a multi-disciplinary team with patient and public involvement (PPI) to explore contextual factors relating to SSAs and better understand pre-hospital urgent care pathways. Purposive sampling of Health Board areas in Scotland, health professionals with experience of paediatric urgent care pathways and parents with experience of a SSA for their acutely unwell child was undertaken to ensure maximal variation in characteristics such as deprivation, urban-rural and hospital structure. Interviews took place between Dec 2019 and Mar 2021 and thematic framework analysis was applied.

Results
Twenty-one parents and forty-eight health professionals were interviewed. In the context of an urgent SSA, the themes were centred around shared outcomes of care that matter. The main outcome which was common to both parents and health professionals was the importance of preserving the child’s safety. Additional shared outcomes by parents and health professionals were a desire to reduce worries and uncertainty about the illness trajectory, and provide reassurance with sufficient time, space and personnel to undertake a period of skilled observation to assess and manage the acutely unwell child. Parents wanted easy access to urgent care and, preferably, with input from paediatric-trained staff. Healthcare professionals considered that it was important to reduce the number of children admitted to hospital where safe and appropriate to do so.

Conclusions
The shared outcomes of care between parents and health professionals emphasises the potential merit of adopting a partnership approach in identifying, developing and testing interventions to improve the acceptability, safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of urgent care pathways between home and hospital.
The impact of augmented feedback (and technology) on learning and teaching cricket skill: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Tissera Kevin , Orth Dominic , Huynh Minh , Benson Amanda C. 
Published: December 2022

Augmented feedback, including that provided using technology, can elicit multifaceted benefits on perceptual-motor learning and performance of sporting skills. However, current considerations of the applied value in supporting learning and teaching cricket skill is limited. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to understand the role and effectiveness of feedback-involved interventions on skill-based performance outcomes in cricket-related research. Six electronic databases were searched (SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Of 8,262 records identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria; five of which were included in meta-analyses. Given no studies with an isolated feedback intervention-arm were identified, the two meta-analyses explored anticipation-based studies consisting of an intervention that included augmented feedback; positioned with respect to the key motor skill concepts of perception (anticipation accuracy) and action (performance success). Despite results highlighting improved performance outcomes for the feedback-involved intervention groups, with a large effect size for improved anticipation accuracy (Hedge’s g = 1.21, 95% CIs [-0.37, 2.78]) and a medium effect size for overall performance success (Hedge’s g = 0.55, 95% CIs [-0.39, 1.50]), results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. Considering the small number of studies available, in addition to the lack of isolated feedback protocols, further research is warranted to thoroughly explore the impact of augmented feedback on skill-based performance in cricket. Beyond the meta-analyses, the review also explored all included studies from an ecological dynamics perspective; presenting future avenues of research framed around evaluating the applied value of using augmented feedback (mediated with or without technology) for learning and teaching skill in cricket.
Trial registration The protocol was preregistered with Open Science Framework (osf.io/384pd).
Undergoing radical treatment for prostate cancer and its impact on wellbeing: A qualitative study exploring men’s experiences
Authors: Vyas Neel , Brunckhorst Oliver , Fox Louis , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Muir Gordon , Stewart Robert , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Quality of life in prostate cancer survivorship is becoming increasingly important, with mental and social wellbeing recognised as key components. However, limited global evaluation of psychosocial challenges experienced after treatment exists. Therefore, we aimed to explore the lived experiences of men who underwent radical treatment, and its psychosocial impact.

Material and methods
This qualitative study was conducted using 19 men who had undergone radical treatment (prostatectomy or radiotherapy) for their cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted exploring lived experiences of men after treatment. A Structured thematic analysis of collected data was undertaken, with an inductive co-construction of themes through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. Themes generated were considered within a psychological, social, and physical wellbeing framework.

Results
An initial knowledge gap meant mental wellbeing was strongly impacted initially leading to a ‘Diagnostic Blow and the Search for Clarity’. Doubt over individuals’ future resulted in ‘An Uncertain Future’ in many men. Once treatment was completed a ‘Reflective journey’ began, with men considering their outcomes and decisions made. Social wellbeing was also impacted with many identifying the ‘Emotional Repercussions’ on their relationships and the impact their diagnosis had on their partner and family. Many subsequently sought to increase their support through ‘The Social Network and Advocacy’, while physical changes led to an increased need for ‘Social Planning’. Finally, physical wellbeing was highlighted by a continual acknowledgement of the ‘Natural process of ageing’ leading to a reluctancy to seek help, whilst simultaneously attempting to improve existing health via ‘The Health Kick’.

Conclusions
Radical treatments have a considerable impact on mental and social wellbeing of individuals. Anxiety after diagnosis and significant uncertainty over individual futures exist, with physical complications of treatment leading to social repercussions. Future research should aim to identify forms of support to improve quality of life of these men.
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage With Gastritis and Pancolitis as the Sole Presentation for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Flare
Authors: Khan Sarah , Alkhayyat Motasem , Albakri Almaza , Setrakian Sebouh , Falloon Katherine , Abou Saleh Mohannad , Ajayi-Fox Patricia 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener granulomatosis, is a rare small vessel vasculitis affecting mainly Whites. The prevalence of GPA in the United States is estimated to be 3 of 100,000 individuals. Classically, GPA affects upper airways, lungs, and kidneys, with the upper airways being the most common site. Occasionally, other organs affected by GPA include eyes, skin, joints, and the nervous system. The gastrointestinal system is rarely affected; however, some cases have been reported. In this case report, we present a patient with hemorrhagic gastritis and pancolitis consistent with GPA and discuss features from the literature of gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with GPA.