bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdiagnostic fears and avoidance behaviors across eating disorders
Authors: Melles Hanna , Jansen Anita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Anxiety and avoidance behaviors are common maintenance symptoms of anorexia nervosa. It was investigated whether those behaviors are transdiagnostic eating disorder characteristics. Methods: Eating disorder patients (n=250) and healthy controls (n=111) completed online questionnaires assessing general anxieties, eating disorder specific anxieties and avoidance behaviors. Results: All eating disorders showed more specific eating anxieties and intolerance of uncertainty than healthy controls. Binge eating disorder patients scored between the other eating disorders and healthy controls on general anxiety and food avoidance behaviors. Their food avoidance behaviors and eating restraint did not differ from healthy controls, whereas all other eating disorders scored significantly higher on both. Conclusions: Eating disorder specific anxieties, general anxieties, and food avoidance behaviors were found to be transdiagnostic symptoms in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and other specified feeding and eating disorders. While binge eating disorder patients exhibit as many specific eating fears as other eating disorders, general fears and avoidance behaviors are less evident in this group. Specialized interventions targeting anxieties may be promising add-on interventions, not only for anorexia nervosa, but for the treatment of all eating disorders.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome presented with postprandial bilious vomiting successfully treated with open duodenojejunostomy in a resource-poor setting
Authors: Maduranga LSKKP , Chathuranga LS , Karunathilake Parackrama , Wijerathne JM , Wickramarachchi WANT , Bandara KGMW , Wanasinghe WMDC 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare condition which is also known as Willkie's syndrome which is caused by compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery. Case presentation A 23-year-old female presented with repeated episodes of abdominal pain and bilious vomiting for five months duration. Vomiting was postprandial about 30–45 minutes after each meal, more with liquid diets. She felt comfortable with the knee-chest position when pain comes. She had no other significant past medical or surgical history. Her body mass index was 17.5 kg/m2, and the physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Her basic laboratory investigations were normal. A subsequent upper oesophagogastroscopy was normal except for reflux esophagitis. The ultrasound scan of the abdomen was normal, however, the CT scan showed duodenal compression at the superior mesenteric artery with proximal dilatation. But the aorto-mesenteric angle was normal. The patient was subsequently subjected to upper gastrointestinal contrast study, demonstrating a duodenal compression third part with delay in contrast passage into the proximal jejunum. The patient opted for interim total parenteral nutrition and underwent retro-colic duodeno-jejunostomy, where the patient showed a dramatic improvement during postoperative follow-up. Conclusions Superior mesentery artery syndrome is a rare disease causing an upper gastrointestinal obstruction where duodeno-jejunostomy stands as a successful treatment option.
Exosomes secreted by endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells protect heart from myocardial infarction by modulating cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis
Authors: li hao , wang lu , ma teng , liu zhongming , gao ling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) exhibit potential in repairing the injured heart after myocardial infarction (MI) by promoting neovascularization and cardiomyocyte survival. However, because of the low cellular retention and poor engraftment efficacy, cell therapy treatment of MI is in part mediated by exosomes secreted from the transplanted cells. We investigated whether exosomes secreted from hiPSC-ECs could become a promising acellular approach to repairing the infarcted heart after MI, and elucidated the underlying protective mechanism. Methods: hiPSC-ECs were differentiated and exosomes were isolated in vitro. Then, hiPSC-EC exosomes were delivered by intramyocardial injection in a murine MI model in vivo. Echocardiography, combined with hemodynamic measurement, histological examination, Ca2+ transient and cell shortening assessment, and western blot, was used to determine protective effects of hiPSC-EC exosomes on the infarcted heart. Furthermore, microRNA sequencing, luciferase activity assay, and microRNA gain–loss function experiments were performed to investigate the enriched microRNA and its role in exosome-mediated effects. Results: In vitro assessments demonstrated that hiPSC-EC exosomes could be taken up by cardiomyocytes and that they possess the capability to protect cardiomyocytes from oxygen–glucose deprivation injury by enhancing Ca2+ transients, increasing ATP content, and promoting cell survival. Congruously, hiPSC-EC exosomes administration in vivo not only improved myocardial contractile function but also attenuated the harmful left ventricular remodeling after MI. Mechanistically, hiPSC-EC exosomes notably rescued the protein expression and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA-2a) and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR-2) to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and increase cardiomyocyte contraction after MI. microRNA sequencing determined that miR-100-5p was the most abundant microRNA in exosomes, and miR-100-5p could target protein phosphatase 1β (PP-1β) to enhance the phosphorylation level of phospholamban (PLB) at Ser16 and subsequent SERCA activity, which contributes to the hiPSC-EC exosome–exerted cytoprotective effects on maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and promoting cardiomyocyte survival. Conclusion: hiPSC-EC exosomes maintain cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis to improve myocardial recovery after MI, which may provide an acellular therapeutic option for myocardial injury. Keywords: hiPSC-ECs, exosomes, Ca2+ homeostasis, miR-100-5p
GPR39 Knockout Worsens Microcirculatory Response to Experimental Stroke in a Sex- Dependent Manner
Authors: Xu Yifan , Zhang Wenri , Allen Elyse , Fedorov Lev , Barnes Anthony , Qian Zu Yuan , Bah Thierno , Li Yuandong , Wang Ruikang , Shangraw Robert , Alkayed Nabil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose
No current treatments target microvascular reperfusion after stroke, which can contribute to poor outcomes even after successful clot retrieval. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 is expressed in brain peri-capillary pericytes, and has been implicated in microvascular regulation, but its role in stroke is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GPR39 plays a protective role after stroke, in part due to preservation of microvascular perfusion. We generated GPR39 knockout (KO) mice and tested whether GPR39 gene deletion worsens capillary blood flow and exacerbates brain injury and functional deficit after focal cerebral ischemia.
Methods
Stroke was induced in male and female GPR39 KO and WT littermates by 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Microvascular perfusion was assessed via capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux in deep cortical layers in vivo using optical microangiography (OMAG). Brain injury was assessed by measuring infarct size by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 24 hours or brain atrophy at 3 weeks after ischemia. Pole and cylinder behavior tests were conducted to assess neurological function deficit at 1 and 3 weeks post-stroke.
Results
Male but not female GPR39 KO mice exhibited larger infarcts and lower capillary RBC flux than WT controls after stroke. Male GPR39 KO mice also exhibited worse neurologic deficit at 1 week post-stroke, though functional deficit disappeared in both groups by 3 weeks.
Conclusions
GPR39 deletion worsens brain injury, microvascular perfusion, and neurological function after experimental stroke. Results indicate that GPR39 plays a sex-dependent role in re-establishing microvascular flow and limiting ischemic brain damage after stroke.
Osteoarthritis Diagnosis Integrating Whole Joint Radiomics and Clinical Features for Robust Learning Models using Biological Privileged Information
Authors: Turkestani Najla Al , Cai Lingrui , Cevidanes Lucia , Bianchi Jonas , Zhang Winston , Gurgel Marcela , Gillot Maxime , Baquero Baptiste , Najarian Kayvan , Soroushmehr Reza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a machine learning model using privileged information (LUPI) and normalized mutual information feature selection method (NMIFS) to build a robust and accurate framework to diagnose patients with Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). To build such a model, we employ clinical, quantitative imaging and additional biological markers as privileged information. We show that clinical features play a leading role in the TMJ OA diagnosis and quantitative imaging features, extracted from cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans, improve the model performance. As the proposed LUPI model employs biological data in the training phase (which boosted the model performance), this data is unnecessary for the testing stage, indicating the model can be widely used even when only clinical and imaging data are collected. The model was validated using 5-fold stratified cross-validation with hyperparameter tuning to avoid the bias of data splitting. Our method achieved an AUC, specificity and precision of 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77, respectively.
The link between language learning and long-term memory
Authors: Kadia Kavya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Language acquisition has been shown to impact neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the brain to undergo structural changes in response to stimulus, behavioral experience, or cognitive demands. This research suggests how language learning affects human memory; the goal of this research was to find whether learning a foreign language could increase memory in human beings, and the goal of the research was to know the improvement felt by the subjects by increasing learning capacity. The objective behind the research is to find out the aim and motive of a learner in learning a language, and the methodologies used by them to learn it, which affect their long-term memory, which gets stored in the Hippocampus region. The conclusion draws on how humans acquire language, in three stages: encoding, retrieval, and storage, and how subjects felt the improvement in their long-term memory, after acquiring a new language. The results indicate that the subjects after learning a language felt improvement in their memory and ability to grasp.
Does peer information crowd out performance?
Authors: Lee Grace HY , Teo Jemy , Xiao Erte 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
People often struggle to achieve self-improvement goals. In a randomized controlled trial, we nudged participants with peer information to sign up for a goal-setting activity. We find that while nudging leads to a higher sign-up rate relative to the baseline without nudging, it does not always improve performance and can even lead to a lower effort when people do not internalise the value of the goal.JEL codes: I12; C93
Detecting Potential Market Corner Risk of WTI: A Hybrid Anomaly Detection Approach
Authors: Li Dun , Han Dezhi , Crespi Noel , Minerva Roberto , Shao Wenhao , Li Kuan-Ching 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The price of crude oil is one of the most critical factors of the world economy, as it is volatile and sensibly affected by the macro-economic, thus attracting large-scale speculative activities. Well known its vulnerability, some of the price fluctuations are affected by external factors, such as financial crisis, oil trade war, while others are due to manipulation. Due to such facts, this article aims to clarify the characteristics and features of the market corner in the crude oil future market and detecting potential market corner risk in West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and a hybrid anomaly detection approach is proposed. After a detailed overview of the characteristics and definitions of the market corner, the features are extracted through the processing of actual market data. We first detect suspicious market corners with abnormal prices and volume through the local outlier factor algorithm (LOF). Next, the detected results are used as pseudo-labels, and the entire month’s trading behavior is trained and classified through the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to identifying potential market corners. Experimental results show that the proposed model has excellent accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score, indicating that the model is feasible and has strong robustness. Furthermore, based on the successful detection of potential market corner risk, the model can be further used for individual risk control and overall supervision of the crude oil futures market.
Programmable melt electrowriting to engineer soft connective tissues with prescribed, biomimetic biaxial mechanical properties
Authors: Mirani Bahram , Mathew Sean , Latifi Neda , Labrosse Michel , Amsden Brian , Simmons Craig 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Appropriate load-bearing function of soft connective tissues is provided by their nonlinear and often anisotropic mechanical properties. Recapitulating this complex mechanical behaviour in tissue-engineered structures is particularly crucial, as deviation from normal native tissue mechanics can trigger pathological biomechanical pathways, leading to adverse tissue remodelling and dysfunction. Here we report a novel method combining computational modelling, melt electrowriting (MEW), and design of experiments (DOE) to generate scaffolds composed of sinusoidal fibres with prescribed biaxial tensile mechanical properties, recapitulating the distinct nonlinear, anisotropic stress-strain behaviour of three model soft connective tissues: adult aortic valve, pediatric pulmonary valve, and pediatric pericardium. The fibrous scaffolds were fabricated using MEW of polycaprolactone, and their architectures were optimized using DOE and regression models for superior control over scaffold architecture to yield prescribed mechanics. Cell-laden fibrin hydrogel was cast within the fibrous scaffolds to generate hybrid tissue sheets, suitable for connective tissue engineering. The composition of the cell-laden hydrogel and its cell density were optimized to cause minimal contraction, support high cell viability and growth, and minimally contribute to the hybrid tissue biaxial mechanical properties, which were governed by the prescribed MEW scaffold architecture. This high-fidelity approach recapitulates biaxial mechanical properties over a broad range of mechanical nonlinearity and anisotropy and is generalizable for programmed fabrication in a variety of textile, biomaterial, and tissue engineering applications.
Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms with risk of hypertension among the Ethiopian population
Authors: Birhan Tsegaye Adane , Molla Meseret Derbew , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Tesfa Kibur Hunie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Although the pathophysiological mechanism of hypertension is not fully elucidated yet, a large number of pieces of evidence have shown that genetic alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play a central role. However, the association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with essential hypertension is controversial yet, and there is a limited number of publications among the Ethiopian population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with the risk of hypertension among essential hypertension patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Materials and methods
A case-control study was conducted from October 07, 2020, to June 02, 2021, among hypertensive patients and normotensive control groups at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements. Five milliliters of blood were drawn from each of the randomly selected 64 hypertensive and 64 normotensive participants for molecular test analysis. Genetic polymorphism of the ACE gene was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 software. The strength of association between the genotype and hypertension was estimated through the calculation of adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result
The distribution of DD genotypes and D allele of the ACE gene were 48.4% and 63% in essential hypertensive patients, respectively, while it were 29.7% and 42.2% in control subjects respectively. The ACE DD genotype (p-value = 0.005) and D allele (p-value = 0.001) were more frequent among hypertensive patients as compared to controls.
Conclusion
The present study found that the DD genotype and D allele of the ACE gene has had a strong association with a high risk of hypertension in the study population.
Multiscale spatial segregation analysis in digital images: from biofilms, oats and raisins to Covid-19 epidemics
Authors: Dogsa Iztok , Mandic-Mulec Ines 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quantifying the degree of spatial segregation of two components is relevant in many fields, including microbiology, population biology and epidemics. Spatial segregation is spatial scale-dependant – from a great distance the components may appear to be well mixed, but a closer look can reveal strong separation. Typically, this information is encoded in a digital image that represents the binary system, e.g., a microscopy image of two species biofilm or a state map of virus-infected and virus-uninfected people. To decode spatial segregation information, we have developed quantitative measures for evaluating the degree of the spatial scale-dependent segregation of two components in a digital image. The constructed algorithm implementing new segregation measures was successfully applied to mixed species biofilms and bacterial suspensions, where we detected different spatial scale-dependent segregation levels. To demonstrate the versatility of our multiscale segregation analysis approach, we have also applied it to SARS-CoV-2-infected population density maps of Italy during the “first wave” of the epidemic. Our data suggests that the first community quarantine imposed by the Italian government at the end of February 2020 was ineffective; however, after the full-country “lockdown”, the segregation stopped decreasing, indicating an efficient community quarantine.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of different factors on the heat conduction properties of micro-structured homogeneous combustion systems
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In addition to chemical reactions, physical processes that transfer mass and energy by diffusion or convection occur in gaseous combustion. While flame propagation at the micro-scale is feasible, the interplay of kinetics and transport in flame stability and combustion characteristics of micro-structured homogeneous combustion systems is poorly understood. This study relates to the effects of different factors on the heat conduction properties of micro-structured homogeneous combustion systems. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted by treating explicitly heat transfer through the wall. to gain insights into combustion performance such as species concentrations, temperatures, and flames. The effects of materials of construction and operating conditions on flame stability and combustion characteristics are delineated. The factors affecting combustion characteristics are determined for micro-structured homogeneous combustion systems. Particular focus is placed on determining essential factors that affect the performance of micro-structured homogeneous combustion systems. The results indicate that the wall thermal conductivity is very important as this design parameter determines the upstream heat transfer, which is necessary for flame ignition and stability, and the material's integrity by controlling the existence of hot spots. The wall thermal conductivity is vital in determining the flame stability of the system, as the walls are responsible for the majority of the upstream heat transfer as well as the external heat losses. Further improvement in flame stability can be achieved by using anisotropic walls. The combustion system walls should have anisotropic thermal conductivity; they should allow axial but inhibit transverse conduction. Such anisotropic walls would allow upstream heat flux to preheat the feed, yet not allow transverse heat loss to the surroundings.
Assessment of Ground Water as Source of Drinking Water in an Agricultural Tropical Environment
Authors: Tyopine Andrew Aondoaver , Jayeoye Titilope John , Azuoko George Best 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study conducted in dry and rainy seasons in 2019 assessed the levels of metals in ground water sampled from boreholes and dug wells in Ikwo, south-eastern Nigeria. Nine water samples were analysed for calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analysis showed higher metal concentrations in rainy season, except for manganese whose concentration was higher in the dry season. The levels of the metals exceeded permissible limits in both seasons except for calcium. The metal indices were not greater than 2 while all degrees of contamination were less than 1. This collaborative classification of both metal index and degrees of contamination suggest that water samples were safe for human consumption. The health risk evaluated by hazard indices (HI) were categorized into low and medium (≥ 0.1 to < 4) levels of chronic risks. The HI values, evaluated for both children and adults; were predominantly medium for children and low for adults. All indices for water quality evaluation revealed that ground water in the study area is of minimal contamination hence, no immediate threat to health. Therefore, to ensure quality water supply, sustainable monitoring of water quality is recommended in the study area, with continuous environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
The development of the oral resistome during the first decade of life
Authors: Sukumar Smitha , Wang Fang , Simpson Carra , Willet Cali , Chew Tracy , Hughes Toby , Bockmann Michelle , Sadsad Rosemarie , Martin Fjelda , Lydecker Henry , Browne Gina , Davies Kylie , Bui Minh , Martinez Elena , Adler Christina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.