bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen line in fireball spectra and its application to satellite observations
Authors: Vojáček V. , Borovička J. , Spurný P. 
Published: October 2022

Aims. Lightning mapper sensors on board weather satellites can be successfully used to observe fireballs. These sensors use a very narrow spectral band at 777 nm, which is only a small fraction of the total fireball radiation. In this spectral band, the oxygen O I-1 triplet is dominant for fast meteors and the Planck continuum can prevail in slow meteors. It is possible to estimate the meteor brightness in the visible spectral range from this narrowband radiation, but it is vital to first study the dependence of this radiation on the meteor velocity.
Methods. We used observations from the well-established European Fireball Network with newly developed digital spectral cameras that allowed us to study the oxygen triplet in meteor spectra and its relation to the meteor velocity and altitude. In addition, we studied strong magnesium and sodium lines.
Results. We developed a method for calibration of fireball observation reported by Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) sensors on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) weather satellites. We confirm that in slow meteors, the radiation of the Planck continuum dominates, but for faster meteors, a correction on velocity is needed. We observe that the altitude where the oxygen line was recorded can also affect the radiation at 777 nm. In addition, determining whether or not the meteor showed a bright flare could also lead to a similar effect. Thus, the meteor brightness estimate may be impacted by these characteristics. We derived simple corrections on the altitude and on the meteor brightness that helped to improve the overall precision of the magnitude estimate of our sample. This allowed us to estimate the magnitude of meteors observed by GLM with an accuracy of ≈1 in magnitude. The Na/Mg line intensity ratio was found to be constant for velocities above 25 km s−1 and increasing toward lower velocities.
Teenage Pregnancies in Austria – an Epidemiological Study on Prevalence and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Lastinger Julia , Enengl Sabine , Neururer Sabrina , Leitner Hermann , Oppelt Peter , Stelzl Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Even though teenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the last decades, their global prevalence is still high and shows country-specific discrepancies. Insufficient
sexual education, poor availability of contraceptives and early marriage are some of the multifactorial causes for adolescent pregnancies. Very often teenage pregnancies are classified as
high-risk pregnancies. Studies have found higher rates of peripartal complications, such as preterm birth, low birth weight or low fetal Apgar-Scores. The aim of this retrospective cohort
study is to evaluate the prevalence of teenage pregnancies in Austria and to identify principal differences in maternal and neonatal outcome.
Material and methods Data were collected from the Austrian Birth Registry between 01/2012 and 12/2020. A total of 751661 deliveries in Austria were documented. Obstetric, maternal
and neonatal parameters were descriptively analyzed. Mothers were subclassified into two age groups: teenage mothers of 19 years and younger and adult mothers of 20 to 39 years of age.
Results Newborns of teenage mothers were significantly smaller (49.98 ± 3.11 vs. 50.31 ± 3.16 cm, p < 0.001) and had a lower birth weight (3216 ± 564 vs. 3247 ± 576 g, p <
0.001) than newborns of adult mothers. The percentage of caesarean deliveries in the teenage group was significantly lower than in adult mothers (21.1 vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001). Newborns of
teenage mothers had significantly higher rates of very low (< 4) and low (< 7) 5-minute Apgar scores (5-minute Apgar < 4: 0.75 vs. 0.54%, p = 0.004) (5-minute Apgar < 7: 1.77 vs.
1.37%, p = 0.001) and significantly lower arterial umbilical-cord pH (7.25 ± 0.08 vs. 7.26 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). Perinatal mortality was higher in the age group below 20 years (0.7 vs.
0.6%, p = 0.043).
Conclusion The data of this study show significantly poorer outcomes in pregnancies of teenagers compared to adult women, even though the healthcare system in Austria is considered
excellent. Future guideline recommendations should focus on important aspects of obstetric care in teenage mothers.
Endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal lesions using the colonic Ovesco full-thickness resection device: Retrospective observational case series of 22 cases
Authors: Nilsson Jan-Erick , de Graaf Wilmar , Koch Arjun Dave 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims The endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFRT) device (FTRD) has been shown to have acceptable outcomes in regard to efficacy and safety in the resection of colorectal lesions. Data on its use in the upper gastrointestinal tract are limited to small case series.
Patients and methods All consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric or duodenal lesions at our institutions were analyzed retrospectively for a primary endpoint of technical success.
Results A total of 22 patients with duodenal and gastric lesions underwent EFTR between June 2018 and February 2022. Technical success was achieved in 20 of 22 (91 %) of the procedures. Indications for EFTR were: subepithelial tumor (n = 14), mucosal lesion (n = 5), scar resection (n = 2), and EFTR of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resection base (n = 1). The FTRD could be advanced to the lesion in all 22 cases (100 %). No dilation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) or pylorus was required to pass the device. There were 14 cases of gastric lesions and eight duodenal. One subepithelial lesion was too big for the cap and one scar could not be sucked into the cap. One lesion (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) was removed at second procedure with the ESD technique, including over-the-scope clip. The R0 resection rate for deployed clips was 90 % (18 of 20). There were two superficial esophageal tears from FTRD insertion that required no therapy. No bleeding occurred during the postoperative period.
Conclusions Upper gastrointestinal EFTR using the colonic Ovesco FTRD is feasible without pre-dilation of the upper esophageal sphincter or pylorus. This study further confirms acceptable efficacy and safety in upper gastrointestinal use.
The Management of Chemosis after Blepharoplasty
Authors: Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Faris Callum 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemosis is a common, though typically temporary complication of both upper and lower blepharoplasty surgery, though it is much more common after the latter. It occurs due to extravasation of fluid into the subconjunctival space precipitated by desiccation, inflammation, and manipulation of the conjunctiva and associated lymphatic drainage. Intraoperatively, minimizing surgical exposure and manipulation as well as maintaining a moist ocular surface can reduce the risks. Postoperatively, we propose a stepwise approach, starting with lubricants and escalating to increasingly potent anti-inflammatories with compression bandaging and surgery reserved for persistent cases.
Description of a Novel Technique to Address Both External Nasal Valve Collapse and the Aesthetic of the Nasal Tip
Authors: Rosario Eleanor May , Ferguson Mark , Machado Poliana Batista , Saleh Hesham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere concavity of the lateral crura can lead to an unsightly aesthetic deformity of the nasal tip and narrowing of the external nasal valve. Concurrently, if the lateral crura are structurally weak, this can lead to a functional issue. We report a previously undescribed technique of combining a lateral crural reversal with a turn-in flap. This achieves dual goals of aesthetic improvement and structural reinforcement, without the need for grafting.
Levels of trust in risk-only negative health messages issued by public agencies: a quantitative research-based mindsponge framework
Authors: Tanemura Nanae , Kakizaki Masako , Kusumi Takashi , Onodera Rie , Chiba Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrust in messengers is essential for a public agency to ensure effective benefit-risk communication. However, there is insufficient research on the difference in trust between risk-only or benefit-and-risk messages that deal with negative topics. To clarify these differences, this study used three radiation topics to determine the best benefit-risk communication design. We conducted a randomized comparative study in November 2020 on 1100 Japanese individuals (550 men and 550 women), who were allocated either to the risk message group (risk-only) or the benefit-and-risk message group (benefit-and-risk). The questionnaire focused on the trust level in a public agency for each message. We conducted an independent sample t-test using the trust mean at the time of registration. There were significant differences in the trust level in the public agency for all three topics (p < 0.001). The trust level was ranked as risk-only, followed by benefit-and-risk; however, the trust level was still high enough when the trust level at baseline was high from the outset. In risk-only communication on negative topics, perceptions were consistent with the types of risk message due to confirmation bias. Hence, trust in risk-only negative health messages promoted a preferential higher information absorptivity under the mindsponge mechanism. However, effective benefit-risk communication is assured by high trust levels between a public agency and the public, so it is important to consistently build trust with all stakeholders on a regular basis.
3K-LEx-MC
Authors: Robles-García Pablo , Wallace Glen H. , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Claudia Helena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study presents the development and validation of a 132-item Spanish-English bilingual multiple-choice vocabulary test based on the 3,000 most frequent lemmas that distinguishes between North American university students who satisfy the Foreign Language requirement and those who need to complete coursework. 819 students were assigned to one of the two 144-item forms of the preliminary test, which had 72 shared anchor items and other 72 form-specific items. Factor analysis was used to evaluate dimensionality and the Rasch model was used to select the items that best differentiated between these two student populations. This final form was administered to 213 students. Results showed high levels of unidimensionality, and the final form provided a Rasch reliability coefficient of 0.97.
Investigation of pendulum damping using an angle sensor and video analysis: combination of viscous and dry friction
Authors: Thy Savrin , Iwayama Tsutomu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Viscous and Coulomb’s friction combined contribute to the damping of a pendulum; however, they are usually treated as a silo effect. In this study, we investigate the combination of viscous and Coulomb damping in compound pendulum oscillation, employing two modern instruments that are cheap and handy to quantify the experiments, which are video analysis and a microcontroller angle sensor. From the model fitting, variables and parameters of the motion such as angular frequency, period, moment of inertia, and viscous and frictional parameters are obtained with high accuracy and consistency between angle sensor and video analysis data. This study contributes to the use of technology in physics education, specifically in physics experiments. It is relevant for high school physics and university introductory physics as the basis to advance study in the damped oscillation of the pendulum.
Tell me how fast you go and I will tell you how much you rotate
Authors: Benedetto Elmo , Di Mauro Marco , Feoli Antonio , Iannella Antonella Lucia , Naddeo Adele 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many topics in modern physics are currently included in the curricula of the last year of high school in many countries, as for example in Italy. A consistent part of the curriculum should be devoted to the special theory of relativity. A particularly interesting phenomenon in this framework is the so-called Terrell–Penrose effect (TPE), which the students may find especially intriguing in view of its association with the name of one of the 2020 Nobel Prize winners. Although it is not possible to rigorously analyse this optical effect at the high school level, we show that is possible to tackle the topic anyway, during some of the in-depth lectures on modern physics that can be organized for high school students in our area. In particular, we found that this physical context can be useful for stimulating young students to use goniometric relations. Since trigonometry is a very important topic in mathematics, being always present in the written test for the final graduation exam, it is useful to show how it can be fruitfully used to tackle physical problems. The aim of this paper is to summarize our lecture on the TPE effect in the classroom, where we consider the case of a rod moving at high constant velocity, oriented with different angles with respect to the observer, and the case of a uniformly accelerated body (in the Newtonian approximation).
Remote physics teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic: losses and potential gains
Authors: Bjurholt Nikolai , Bøe Maria Vetleseter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic forced the world into unknown territories of closed schools and remote teaching, and gave teachers a range of new experiences with physics teaching. We studied these experiences by using survey responses from 85 upper secondary physics teachers in Norway. We found that home-school physics instruction was characterised by a considerably lower occurrence of oral activity, collaboration and practical work than instruction in a normal situation. This suggests that students had difficult conditions for learning physics concepts and training key scientific practices, and may consequently be at a disadvantage in higher education. However, many teachers described valuable experiences that they would bring with them into their regular teaching, including home experiments and oral assessments. Such innovations can potentially enrich physics education, given that teachers are supported with tailored learning and assessment resources, and arenas for sharing new approaches within the physics teaching community.
EM-FOR: simple and low-cost force on a straight current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experimental kit
Authors: Jaafar Rosly , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we design and construct a low-cost experimental kit for the force on a straight current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiment, namely EM-FOR. The kit consists of several pairs of rectangular-shaped permanent magnets with different polarities facing each other on a U-shaped aluminium casing as the source of the magnetic field, a straight copper wire at the centre between the two magnets as the electrical conductor, conductor rings and connecting wires to connect conductor and electrical source, and an electronic balance to measure the magnitude and to determine the direction of the force on a straight current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. The design of the EM-FOR experimental kit was validated by determining the magnitude and direction of the force on a straight current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field for normal and reverse connections to a power supply. The constructed kit can be utilized for three experiments: the effects of applied current, conductor length and electromagnetic field strength on the force on a straight current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Wildfire activity is driving summertime air quality degradation across the western US: a model-based attribution to smoke source regions
Authors: Wilmot Taylor Y , Mallia Derek V , Hallar A Gannet , Lin John C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over recent decades, wildfire activity across western North America has increased in concert with summertime air quality degradation in western US urban centers. Using a Lagrangian atmospheric modeling framework to simulate smoke transport for almost 20 years, we quantitatively link decadal scale air quality trends with regional wildfire activity. Modeled smoke concentrations correlate well with observed fine-mode aerosol (PM2.5) concentrations (R > 0.8) at the urban centers most impacted by smoke, supporting attribution of observed trends to wildfire sources. Many western US urban centers (23 of 33 total) exhibit statistically significant trends toward enhanced, wildfire-driven, extreme (98th quantile) air quality episodes during the months of August and September for the years 2003–2020. In the most extreme cases, trends in 98th quantile PM2.5 exceed 2 μg m−3 yr−1, with such large trends clustering in the Pacific Northwest and Northern/Central California. We find that the Pacific Northwest is uniquely impacted by smoke from wildfires in the mountainous Pacific Northwest, California, and British Columbia, leading to especially robust degradation of air quality. Summertime PM2.5 trends in California and the Intermountain West are largely explained by wildfires in mountainous California and the American Rockies, respectively. These results may inform regional scale forest management efforts, and they present significant implications for understanding the wildfire—air quality connection in the context of climate driven trends toward enhanced wildfire activity and subsequent human exposure to degraded air quality.
Explosive transitions in epidemic dynamics
Authors: Börner Georg , Schröder Malte , Scarselli Davide , Budanur Nazmi Burak , Hof Björn , Timme Marc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Standard epidemic models exhibit one continuous, second order phase transition to macroscopic outbreaks. However, interventions to control outbreaks may fundamentally alter epidemic dynamics. Here we reveal how such interventions modify the type of phase transition. In particular, we uncover three distinct types of explosive phase transitions for epidemic dynamics with capacity-limited interventions. Depending on the capacity limit, interventions may (i) leave the standard second order phase transition unchanged but exponentially suppress the probability of large outbreaks, (ii) induce a first-order discontinuous transition to macroscopic outbreaks, or (iii) cause a secondary explosive yet continuous third-order transition. These insights highlight inherent limitations in predicting and containing epidemic outbreaks. More generally our study offers a cornerstone example of a third-order explosive phase transition in complex systems.
34 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS AND FRAILTY, PROBABLE SARCOPENIA, AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN THE IRISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGEING (TILDA)
Authors: Murphy C , Duggan E , Knight S , Davis J , Zuniga RG , Connolly E , Kenny RA , McCarthy S , Romero-Ortuno R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Lutein and zeaxanthin are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory carotenoids derived from foods such as fruit and vegetables. Serum concentrations of Lutein (Ls) and Zeaxanthin (Zs) reflect habitual dietary intake. This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between Ls and Zs and frailty, probable sarcopenia, and indices of physical function in TILDA.

Methods
The cross-sectional analysis included n=4672 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years with Ls and Zs at Wave 1 (2010). For the longitudinal analyses, changes in usual gait speed (at Wave 3, 2014), grip strength (Wave 4, 2016) and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG; Wave 5, 2018), incident probable sarcopenia (defined as grip strength &lt;27 kg in men, &lt;16 kg in women, at Wave 4) and incident frailty (Fried, at Wave 5) were determined. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, education, malnutrition, smoking, chronic disease, alcohol intake and physical activity.

Results
Cross-sectionally, Ls and Zs were positively associated with gait speed (B [95% CI] per 100-nmol/L higher concentration: Ls 0.67 [0.22, 1.12], Zs 1.3 [0.21, 2.48] cm/s) and inversely associated with TUG time (Ls –0.07 [-0.11, –0.02], Zs –0.14 [-0.25, –0.03] s) and with frailty (OR: Ls 0.61 [0.42, 0.87], Zs 0.23 [0.08, 0.68]), all p &lt;0.05), but not with grip strength or probable sarcopenia. Longitudinally, Ls was inversely associated incident frailty (OR 0.85 [0.04, 0.84], p=0.03), whereas Zs was not (0.83 [0.56, 1.23], p=0.36). Neither Ls or Zs were related to changes in physical function measures or incident probable sarcopenia (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusion
Cross-sectionally, lower Ls and Zs were independently associated with frailty, slower gait speed and worse TUG performance. However, Wave 1 Ls and Zs were not predictive of changes in these outcomes over 4-8 years of follow up, with the exception of Ls which was inversely associated with incident frailty after 8 years.
73 PREVALENCE OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM BY VITAMIN D STATUS IN OLDER IRISH ADULTS
Authors: Fitzpatrick D , Laird E , Hoey L , Hughes C , McNulty H , Ward M , Strain JJ , Tracey F , Molloy A , Cunningham C , Carroll KM 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Secondary hyperparathyroidism commonly results from vitamin D deficiency and can lead to accelerated bone turnover and bone loss, especially at cortical sites like the hip. It can also attenuate the response to antiresorptive treatments used for osteoporosis. However, several factors may influence PTH response. We aimed to identify the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism by categories of vitamin D status in older Irish adults attending a bone health clinic.

Methods
The study population consisted of older adults (aged over 60 years) attending a bone health clinic at a large hospital. Participants with a serum calcium &gt;2.5 mmol/l and eGFR &lt;30 ml/min were excluded to avoid cases of primary hyperparathyroidism or elevated serum PTH due to advanced renal disease. Hyperparathyroidism was defined as a serum PTH &gt; 65 pg/ml. 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured with liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy.

Results
There were 800 cases identified, mean age 72.9 +/- 7.9 years, and 85.3% were female. The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism by 25(OH)D categories were 28.1% (&lt;30nmol/l), 17.4% (30-49.9 nmol/l) and 8.0% (50-74 nmol/l). Older age (P &lt; 0.03) and lower eGFR (P = 0.01) were associated with hyperparathyroidism independent of vitamin D status.

Conclusion
Nearly one-third of patients who were vitamin D deficient (&lt;30 nmol/L) and one-sixth who were insufficient (30-49.9 nmol/l) had hyperparathyroidism, similar to the results of other studies. However, hyperparathyroidism was also observed in 8% of those with 25(OH)D levels between 50 -74 nmol/l, suggesting that higher levels i.e. ≥ 75 nmol/l may be preferable in older adults. Lower eGFR and older age were also independently associated with higher PTH, consistent with previous research. Higher dietary and supplemental calcium intake is also known to suppress PTH response, though we were not able to account for this in our study.