bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foredune responses to the impact of aggregate extraction in an arid aeolian sedimentary system
Authors: Sanromualdo‐Collado Abel , Marrero‐Rodríguez Néstor , García‐Romero Leví , Delgado‐Fernández Irene , Viera‐Pérez Manuel , Domínguez‐Brito Antonio C. , Cabrera‐Gámez Jorge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoastal dunes have long suffered the effects of human interventions that have altered the landscape and operation of these ecosystems. Aggregate extractions have been shown to modify the biogeomorphological processes in aeolian sedimentary systems. The impacts associated to aggregate extraction include the reduction of available sediment and changes to the topography and vegetation patterns, thereby altering the sedimentary dynamics and limiting the recovery capacity of the dunefield. The aim of this article is to analyse the environmental effects produced by historical aggregate extraction in the foredune area of an arid aeolian sedimentary system (El Médano, Tenerife, Spain) through a study of the airflow dynamics and spatial distribution of vegetation, sediment and topographic changes. The methodology was designed with two temporal scales: (i) a long‐term approach which compares historical sources and current ones; (ii) a short‐term approach through experimental data collection to characterize the present functioning. For the latter, a field study was carried out in June 2021, collecting wind speed and direction data at a height of 0.50 m, sediment data (sand sheet thickness, grain size and sorting), and vegetation data (cover and species richness) at 40 sample points. The main results show that when the anthropic stress ceased the foredune did not follow a natural environmental pattern, and that the way it functions at the present time is determined by the changes induced by the aggregate extraction. Changes include alterations to the topography, the creation of a lagoon, and the generation of an aeolian deflation area and flow acceleration zones with the associated sand transport. This research contributes to an understanding of the environmental consequences of aggregate extractions on the foredunes of arid aeolian sedimentary systems and can enable the relevant authorities to make better‐informed decisions that help the management of these ecosystems.
Dynamic microbiome and metabolome analyses reveal the interaction between gut microbiota andanti‐PD‐1 based immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Hewei , Zheng Xingrong , Pan Tao , Yang Xiaoan , Chen Xiyao , Zhang Boxiang , Peng Liang , Xie Chan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe disease with high mortality and global incidence. However, the interaction between the gut microbiome and combined immunotherapy for HCC is yet unclear. In this prospective clinical study, patients with unresectable HCC who had not received systemic treatment previously were recruited. Fecal and serum samples were collected at the baseline point and before each subsequent administration as specified. Between 20 October 2019 and 2 February 2021, 61 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 35 patients were finally included in this study. Alpha diversity of fecal samples from patients who responded to immunotherapy was higher than that of nonresponders at baseline. However, the prominent alpha‐diversity between responders and nonresponders became similar as early as week 6 after treatment. The beta diversity of intergroup did not show significant difference at the ninth week after treatment. Alpha‐d‐Glucose was the only serum metabolite that differed between the responders and nonresponders after 3 months. Responder‐enrichedRuminococcusshowed a positive correlation with serum galactaric acid, whileKlebsiellawas positively associated with 3‐methylindole and lenticin (allP < .01). The machine learning classifier based on serum metabolites were more able to discriminate HCC patients who potentially benefited from immunotherapy at baseline (AUC 0.793, 95% CI: 0.632‐0.954) than the classifier of gut microbiome. In conclusion, gut microbiome biomarkers are associated with the response to anti‐PD‐1 based immunotherapy in HCC patients. Classifiers based on gut microbiota and serum metabolites are feasible.
Mechanism analysis of the influence of oil price uncertainty on strategic investment of renewable energy enterprises
Authors: Lin Boqiang , Wang Siquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically explores the impact of oil price uncertainty on the strategic investment of China's renewable energy enterprises from the perspective of certain substitution relationships between renewable energy enterprises and traditional energy enterprises by using the systematic GMM method. In addition, we propose three specific influence mechanisms for the renewable energy industry. The results of our mechanism analysis show that the uncertainty of oil price will increase the market's expectation of renewable energy enterprises and thus stimulate their investment. While the uncertainty of oil price will restrain the investment expenditure of renewable energy enterprises through risk transmission. The scale of enterprises will affect the above two influencing mechanisms. However, the uncertainty of oil price can hardly influence the strategic investment decision through the stimulation of the renewable energy industry by the consumer market. Our results are helpful to the strategy makers of renewable energy enterprises and the macro policy‐makers of the government.
Incidence of Fracture Hospitalization and Surgery in Women Increases Steadily During the Puerperal and Lactation Period: A Retrospective Register-Based Cohort Study in Finland From 1999 to 2018
Authors: Nyrhi Lauri , Kuitunen Ilari , Ponkilainen Ville , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
This retrospective cohort study assesses the incidences of major fractures and surgery in women during the puerperium and the lactation period in Finland between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2018. Using nationwide data from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and the Finnish Medical Birth Register, all women aged between 15 and 49 years with a fracture hospitalization within 12 months of delivery between 1999 and 2018 were included. During the study period, a total of 3140 fractures after delivery and 152,800 fractures of the female normal population of similar age were hospitalized. The incidence rate after delivery increased from 219/100,000 person-years during the first 4 months to 310 fractures/100,000 person-years during the latter 8 months of the first year after delivery. Altogether, 29% (n = 904/3140) of these fractures were treated operatively. The most common fractures were ankle and distal radius fractures, which made up one-third of all fractures. The incidence of pelvic fracture hospitalization was 15/100,000 person-years at 4 months after delivery, with an operation rate of 22%. Over half of all fractures occurred between 6 and 12 months after delivery (mean 6.6 months). The incidence of fracture hospitalization after delivery increased steadily during the puerperium and the lactation periods but remained lower than in the general population (age-adjusted incidence 554/100,000 person-years) with an incidence rate ratio of 0.51. However, a higher proportion of pelvic fractures were observed in the first months after delivery. Surgical rates were in line with the general population. Fractures of the wrist and ankle made up most of the fractures. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Towards one‐pot consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose to biodiesel: lipase‐catalyzed transesterification at cellulose‐coated oil‐in‐water emulsions as micro‐reactors
Authors: Hamal Ester Korkus , Alfassi Gilad , Rein Dmitry M , Cohen Yachin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an urgent need for renewable energy sources as alternatives for fossil fuels. A promising alternative is biodiesel. This study is part of an overall objective to convert cellulose from pretreated biomass directly to biodiesel, using cellulose‐coated emulsion particles as micro‐reactors for a cascade of biochemical reactions in a ‘one‐pot’ consolidated process.RESULTSThis study presents a ‘proof‐of‐concept’ for the crucial step in this process: the ability of lipase integrated within oil‐in‐water emulsion particles encapsulated by natural cellulose to catalyze transesterification of encapsulated oil with ethanol dissolved in an aqueous medium. We develop and examine such integrated microparticles for generation of fatty acid ethanol ester (FAEE) by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of castor oil at the particle core–shell interface with aqueous ethanol. The activity of lipase‐catalyzed transesterification was studied using NMR quantification of FAEE while various conditions such as oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio, lipase concentration and temperature were examined. The highest conversion was obtained for an oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio of 1:30 with lipase concentration of 6.42 × 10−3 wt% at 40 °C.CONCLUSIONSIt is expected that the results of this study, together with ongoing experiments of ethanol production by integration of cellulose‐coated emulsion particles with yeasts and cellulolytic enzymes, as well as further optimization, will provide the complete transformation of cellulose to biodiesel by enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast fermentation and lipase‐catalyzed transesterification, in a single emulsion‐based consolidated bioprocess. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
microRNA‐145‐5p attenuates acute lung injury via targeting ETS2
Authors: Qiao Liang , Li Rong‐Xia , Hu Shan‐Gang , Liu Yu , Liu Hong‐Qiang , Wu Hong‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe protective effect of microRNA (miR)‐145‐5p in acute lung injury (ALI) has been discovered previously. Thus, in this study, we attempted to further investigate the mechanism of miR‐145‐5p in ALI through the downstream E26 transformation‐specific proto‐oncogene 2 (ETS2)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad pathway. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI rat model was established. The expression of miR‐145‐5p in ALI rat lung tissues was up‐regulated. Afterward, pathological damage in the lung tissue, the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, apoptosis, and serum inflammatory factor contents were observed. miR‐145‐5p, ETS2, TGF‐β1, Smad2/3, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels were measured in rats. miR‐145‐5p expression was down‐regulated, ETS2 expression was up‐regulated, and the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway was activated in LPS‐exposed rats. Overexpression of miR‐145‐5p inactivated the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway and attenuated ALI, as reflected by relieved pathological damage, a decreased W/D ratio, reduced apoptosis, and suppressed inflammatory response. In contrast, loss of miR‐145‐5p or elevated ETS2 levels worsened ALI and activated the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway. Moreover, elevation of ETS2 diminished miR‐145‐5p‐mediated protection against ALI. Evidently, miR‐145‐5p negatively regulates ETS2 expression and inactivates the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway to ameliorate ALI in rats.
Wideband circularly polarized dipole antenna with loaded directors and stable radiation pattern
Authors: Yang Kai T. , Fu Dong Q. , Ye Liang H. , Shi Xinrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA wideband circularly polarized (CP) crossed‐dipole antenna is proposed. It consists of two crossed dipoles, four trapezoidal patches, and four rectangular directors. The crossed dipoles are connected by three‐quarter metal rings and fed by a 50 Ω coaxial cable to generate CP radiation. The trapezoidal patches are adopted to enhance the impedance matching and axial ratio (AR) at the lower frequency band. The rectangular directors are employed to not only enhance the impedance matching and axial ratio but also stabilize the radiation pattern with high gain over the wide frequency band. This antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 92.3% (1.76–4.8 GHz）for |S11 | < −10 dB and a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 85.6% (1.76–4.4 GHz) for AR < 3 with stable radiation pattern and a peak gain of 8.4 dBi.
The state of the art for artificial intelligence in lung digital pathology
Authors: Viswanathan Vidya Sankar , Toro Paula , Corredor Germán , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLung diseases carry a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The advent of digital pathology (DP) and an increase in computational power have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based tools that can assist pathologists and pulmonologists in improving clinical workflow and patient management. While previous works have explored the advances in computational approaches for breast, prostate, and head and neck cancers, there has been a growing interest in applying these technologies to lung diseases as well. The application of AI tools on radiology images for better characterization of indeterminate lung nodules, fibrotic lung disease, and lung cancer risk stratification has been well documented. In this article, we discuss methodologies used to build AI tools in lung DP, describing the various hand‐crafted and deep learning‐based unsupervised feature approaches. Next, we review AI tools across a wide spectrum of lung diseases including cancer, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID‐19. We discuss the utility of novel imaging biomarkers for different types of clinical problems including quantification of biomarkers like PD‐L1, lung disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction of response to treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also look briefly at some emerging applications of AI tools in lung DP such as multimodal data analysis, 3D pathology, and transplant rejection. Lastly, we discuss the future of DP‐based AI tools, describing the challenges with regulatory approval, developing reimbursement models, planning clinical deployment, and addressing AI biases. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Proteomic profiling of idiopathic Parkinson's disease primary patient cells by SWATH‐MS
Authors: Wood Stephen A. , Hains Peter G. , Muller Arnaud , Hill Melissa , Premarathne Susitha , Murtaza Mariyam , Robinson Phillip J. , Mellick George D. , Sykes Alex M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is generally diagnosed clinically after the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons and no general biomarkers currently exist. To gain insight into the underlying cellular causes of PD we aimed to quantify the proteomic differences between healthy control and PD patient cells.Experimental DesignSequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical Mass Spectra was performed on primary cells from healthy controls and PD patients.ResultsIn total, 1948 proteins were quantified and 228 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in PD patient cells. In PD patient cells, we identified seven significantly increased proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and focused on cells with high and low amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1. We discovered that PD patients with high amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1 proteins were more sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum stress, in particular to tunicamycin. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030723.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis data from primary patient cells has uncovered a critical role of the UPR in patients with PD and may provide insight to the underlying cellular dysfunctions in these patients.
The crystal structure of TRPM2 MHR1/2 domain reveals a conserved Zn2+‐binding domain essential for structural integrity and channel activity
Authors: Sander Simon , Pick Jelena , Gattkowski Ellen , Fliegert Ralf , Tidow Henning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+‐permeable, nonselective cation channel involved in diverse physiological processes such as immune response, apoptosis, and body temperature sensing. TRPM2 is activated by ADP‐ribose (ADPR) and 2′‐deoxy‐ADPR in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. While two distinct binding sites exist for ADPR that exert different functions dependent on the species, the involvement of either binding site regarding the superagonistic effect of 2′‐deoxy‐ADPR is not clear yet. Here, we report the crystal structure of the MHR1/2 domain of TRPM2 from zebrafish (Danio rerio), and show that both ligands bind to this domain and activate the channel. We identified a so far unrecognized Zn2+‐binding domain that was not resolved in previous cryo‐EM structures and that is conserved in most TRPM channels. In combination with patch clamp experiments we comprehensively characterize the effect of the Zn2+‐binding domain on TRPM2 activation. Our results provide insight into a conserved motif essential for structural integrity and channel activity.
Ivermectin synergizes sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting multiple oncogenic pathways
Authors: Lu Haofeng , Zhou Lin , Zuo Hongping , Le Wenjin , Hu Jianfei , Zhang Tiequan , Li Mi , Yuan Yufeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results in generally poor clinical outcomes and necessitates better therapeutic strategies. Ivermectin, which is an existing anti‐parasitic drug, has been recently identified as a novel anti‐cancer drug. In line with previous efforts, this work demonstrates the translational potential of ivermectin to treat advanced HCC. We demonstrated that ivermectin at clinically relevant concentrations was active against growth and survival in multiple HCC cell lines. We showed that ivermectin had the potential to inhibit metastasis and target HCC stem cell functions. Mechanism studies correlated well with cellular phenotypes observed in ivermectin‐treated cells, and demonstrated inhibition of mTOR/STAT3 pathway, suppression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced expression of stem cell markers. We further demonstrated that ivermectin inhibited tumor formation and growth in HCC xenograft mouse model, without causing significant toxicity in the mice. Using combination index (CI), we showed that ivermectin and sorafenib were synergistic in HCC in vitro, and this was further confirmed in vivo. Our work demonstrates the potent anti‐HCC activities of ivermectin and its multiple targets on essential oncogenic pathways. Our findings provide preclinical evidence to initialize clinical trial using ivermectin and sorafenib for treating advanced HCC.
The role of atmospheric dynamics and large‐scale topography in driving heatwaves
Authors: Jiménez‐Esteve Bernat , Domeisen Daniela I.V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeatwaves are weather events characterized by extreme near‐surface temperature anomalies that persist for several days, and therefore lead to catastrophic impacts on natural ecosystems, agriculture, human health, and economies. Different physical processes can contribute to the temperature anomaly associated with heatwaves. Previous studies have shown that increased solar radiation and adiabatic heating associated with blocking systems and local land–atmosphere coupling are important drivers of summer heatwaves. Less is known about the fundamental role of atmospheric large‐scale dynamics and topography in generating heatwaves. Here, we perform idealized model simulations where all physical parameterisations are substituted by a simple zonally symmetric temperature relaxation scheme. This allows us to characterize the dynamical processes involved in the life cycle of heatwaves occurring at different latitudes. We find that blocking plays an active role in the life cycle of high‐ and midlatitude heatwaves, while blocking is less relevant for low‐latitude heatwaves. Rossby‐wave packets are the dominant drivers for midlatitude heatwaves, with horizontal advection being the main mechanism leading to heat extremes. Heatwaves exhibit a higher persistence and frequency near the pole and Equator compared with the midlatitudes, but a higher intensity in the midlatitudes compared with higher and lower latitudes. Topography located along the midlatitude jet has the largest impact on the heatwave distribution around the planet, resulting in increased heatwave frequency upstream for moderate topographic forcing and a circumglobal increase for topographic elevations above 6 km. Identifying the most relevant processes driving heatwaves can potentially benefit the prediction and representation of extreme events in operational weather and climate forecast systems.
An approach for improvements on the attribute npx$np_x$ control chart
Authors: Silva Leandro Alves da , Ho Linda Lee , Quinino Roberto Costa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an attribute control chart named which is used for monitoring the process mean value of a variable (X) by employing sequential sample sizes of , with . Each item is classified as approved or not according to a discriminant limit (, ) using a GO/NO GO gauge. In the end of inspection we'll have and items classified as disapproved. Whenever or , the process is judged to be out of control and after adjustments in the process, the inspection is always restarted with a sample size of . The parameters used in the construction of the control chart were obtained through a search for values that optimize their performance, such that can compete with the standard attribute chart and the traditional control chart. The performances were compared in terms of average run length () in scenarios of shift sizes (δ) in the process mean. A numerical example illustrates its application.
Control design of uncertain discrete‐time Lur'e systems with sector and slope bounded nonlinearities
Authors: Bertolin Ariádne L. J. , Oliveira Ricardo C. L. F. , Valmorbida Giorgio , Peres Pedro L. D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of static output‐feedback control design for uncertain discrete‐time Lur'e systems with sector and slope bounded nonlinearities. By manipulating stability analysis conditions from the literature based on integral‐quadratic‐constraint theory and multipliers, and applying Finsler's lemma, new synthesis conditions are provided in terms of sufficient linear matrix inequalities. After applying a relaxation in the stability conditions, an iterative algorithm is proposed to search for the two stabilizing gains of the control law, one for the output of the plant and one for the output of the nonlinear branch. The gains, that appear affinely in the inequalities, are treated as variables of the optimization problem. Therefore, the approach can handle state or output‐feedback indistinctly and cope with magnitude or structural constraints (such as decentralization) in the gains without introducing additional conservatism. Numerical examples illustrate the results.
Sulphonated Carbon Dots Synthesized Through a One‐Pot, Facile and Scalable Protocol Facilitates the Preparation of Renewable Precursors Using Glucose/Levulinic Acid
Authors: Selim Abdul , Sharma Raina , Arumugam Senthil Murugan , Elumalai Sasikumar , Jayamurugan Govindasamy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the efficacy of Brønsted acid‐functionalized CDs in an enriched preparation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) energy fuel building‐block compounds. The cheap p‐toluenesulphonic acid was used as a precursor to prepare CD‐SO3H by employing a simple, one‐pot and scalable protocol. The high‐end analytical techniques endorsed the catalyst's higher acid density and minimum particle size characteristics. Its glucose reaction evaluation resulted in an 82 mol% HMF using glucose via dehydration. Similarly, it enabled an 85 mol% EL from levulinic acid via esterification under modest reaction conditions. It also promoted the synthesis of other varieties of alkyl levulinates (such as levulinic acid 1‐butyl and methyl esters) with a similar yield result. The recyclability study showed that it could be reused for up to 5 cycles. Overall, the catalytic setup represented an environmentally‐friendly and feasible method for process development.