bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with infection based on a cluster analysis
Authors: Cheng Lu , Li Yanhong , Wu Yinlan , Luo Yubin , Zhou Yu , Liao Zehui , Wen Ji , Liang Xiuping , Wu Tong , Tan Chunyu , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives.
Patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), referred to as myositis, are prone to infectious complications, which hinder the treatment of the disease and worsen the outcome of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the different types of infectious complications in patients with myositis and to determine the predisposing factors for clinical reference.
Methods.
A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients with IIMwho were divided into different types by an unsupervised analysis of their clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and autoantibody characteristics. Combined with the incidence of infectious complications, the types of infectious pathogens and the sites of infection, the characteristics of infection and susceptibility factors were explored.
Results.
Three clusters with significantly different clinical characteristics and coinfection rates were identified (76.2% vs. 41.6% vs. 36.4%, p=0.0139). Cluster 1 (n = 12) had a moderate risk of infection, with an infection rate of 41.6%. The patients in cluster 1 had a high probability of positive mechanic's hands, periungual erythema, anti-Ro52 antibody, and anti-Jo1 antibody. CD3 and CD4 were the highest among the three groups. Cluster 2 (n = 21) had a high risk of infection, and the incidence of infection was 76.2%. Almost all patients in this cluster had a rash, prominent clinical symptoms, and decreased WBC, PMN, LYM, CD3 and CD4counts. Cluster 3 (n=33) had a low risk of infection, with an infection rate of 36.4%. Compared with the other two clusters, cluster 3 (n=33) lacked a typical rash but had a high ANA positive rate. The patients in cluster 1 and cluster 3 were mainly infected by viruses, followed by bacterial infections. In the cluster 2 patients, bacterial infections were the most prevalent. Fungal and Pneumocystis carinii were common causes of cluster 2 and 3 infections. In addition, the patients within a cluster often have a single infection, and pulmonary infections are the most common.
Conclusion.
We clustered the patients with IIM complicated with infection into three different types by their clinical symptoms and found that there were differences in the infection risk and infection types among the different cluster groups.
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Flash-based Content Addressable Memory with L2 Distance for Memory-Augmented Neural Network
Authors: Yang Haozhang , Huang Peng , Li Ruiyi , Tang Nan , Zhang Yizhou , Zhou Zheng , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Memory-augmented neural network (MANN) has received increasing attention as a promising approach to achieve lifelong on-device learning, of which implementation of the explicit memory is vital. Ternary content addressable memory (CAM) with the capacity of computing Hamming distance has been designed to accelerate the explicit memory by harnessing the in-memory-computing capability. Given that the memory states in the biological brain are high-precision and the processing function is much more complex than Hamming distance, therefore, developing multi-bit CAM with a more powerful distance function is an effective path to imitate the sophisticated capabilities of our brain and move towards advanced lifelong machine intelligence. In this work, a novel CAM cell with quadratic code is proposed and a 1Mb Flash-based multi-bit-storage and ternary-search CAM chip capable of computing Euclidean (L2) distance is fabricated. Compared with traditional ternary CAM with Hamming distance, the latency and energy are significantly reduced by 5.3 folds and 46.6 folds, respectively, at the same recognition accuracy of MANN on Omniglot dataset. On the other hand, when the word widths of CAM are identical, the recognition accuracy of the proposed CAM is increased by 8.5% on average for different few-shot learning tasks compared with ternary CAM. Besides, the measured data of the fabricated CAM chip show that the recognition accuracy has slight degradation (<1%) even after baking for 1e5 s at 200℃, demonstrating the robust stability to the disturbance of environmental factors. Performance evaluation indicates a 471-fold reduction in search latency and 1267-fold reduction in search energy compared with graphics processing unit (GPU) for search operation. The proposed robust and energy-efficient CAM provides a promising solution to implement lifelong on-device machine intelligence.
Examining Perceptions of a Telemedicine Network for Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Mateus Lidia , Law Madelyn , Khowaja Asif , Orlando Elaina , Pace Alexander , Roy Madan , Sulowski Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Use of telemedicine for healthcare delivery in the emergency department has the ability to increase access to specialized care for pediatric patients without direct access to a children’s hospital. Currently telemedicine is underused in this setting. This research aimed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of a telemedicine program in delivering care to critically ill pediatric patients in the emergency department by exploring the experiences of parents/caregivers and physicians.
Methods: Sequential explanatory mixed methods were employed, in which quantitative methods of inquiry were followed by qualitative methods. Data was collected through a post-used survey for physicians that engaged with the program, followed by semi-structured interviews with physicians and parents/guardians of children treated through the program. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data.
Results: The findings describe positive perceptions of telemedicine for emergency department pediatric care, as well as barriers and facilitators to its use. Among parents/caregivers themes were: Confident in the Care Environment, Forever Grateful, The Way of the Future, The Experience of Being Transferred, and Trouble Connecting. Among physicians themes were: Support and Validation, Team Effort, Providing Visual Perspective, Institutional Understanding, and Communicating Expectations. The research also discusses implications for practice and policy, with recommendations for overcoming barriers and leveraging facilitators when implementing telemedicine programming.
Conclusion: The findings strongly suggest that a telemedicine program has high utility and acceptance among parents/caregivers and physicians for the treatment of critically ill pediatric patients in the emergency department. When faced with the use of the program, neither physicians nor parents/caregivers expressed concerns or hesitation about the care being delivered. Following experience with the program, the benefits were rapidly recognized and highly valued by both parents/caregivers and physicians, including rapid connection to sub-specialized care and enhanced communication between remote and local physicians.
Trial Registration: Not Applicable
Fear of a new pandemic; perception and prediction towards monkeypox among Middle East general population: A multi-country cross sectional study
Authors: Eljack Mohammed Mahmmoud Fadelallah , Elnaiem Walaa , Hasabo Elfatih .A. , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Abbas Azza A. , Ahmed Alaa S. , Abdelwahed Aya Elsayed , Jobran Afnan W.M. , Mohamed Malaz Tarig AbdAlla , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Idris Leena Mohamed Jagran , Bakour Rose Khalid , Elseed Lina Zainelabdin Eltaib , Komi Omar Al , Mugibel Tayba Abdulrahman , Nour Alshareef B. , Satti Mohamed , Awish Khalid Abbas , Mohammed Elrasheed ali elobeid , Collaborators Middle East 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by Monkeypox virus, an Orthopoxvirus. The 2022 Monkeypox outbreak has provoked a considerable amount of fear among the public. Awareness about this disease would modify the public attitudes in the fight against Monkeypox. We conducted this study aiming to assess the awareness and prediction of the middle east public about Monkeypox.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2022. Data were collected from eight middle east countries using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed through educational and social media platforms. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.
Results
About 11,016 individuals have participated in this study. The majority of the participants have not seen a Monkeypox case, but will not travel to a country with the epidemic. Most of the participants knew the causative organism. Importantly, the majority were not aware of Monkeypox mode of transmission, symptoms, complications, and vaccination. A considerable proportion were aware of the disease protective measures. Participants' awareness was mostly gained from social media and it varied by age, gender, educational level, and country. The majority predicted acquiring Monkeypox when protective measures not taken, progression to a pandemic with economic consequences, and ability of ministry of health to control the epidemic. Participants' predictions varied by their country.
Conclusion
Middle east public knowledge about monkeypox is poor. Raising awareness about Monkeypox (especially mode of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures) would be of benefit in controlling the epidemic. This study constitutes an evidence upon which health education programs could be designed.
Computational models in Precision Fruit Growing: reviewing the impact of temporal variability on perennial crop yield assessment
Authors: Magro Renata Bulling , Alves Silvio André Meirelles , Gebler Luciano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Early yield information of perennial crops is crucial for growers and the industry, which allows cost reduction and benefits crop planning. However, the yield assessment of perennial crops by computational models can be challenging due to diverse aspects of interannual variability that act on the crops. This review aimed to investigate and analyze the literature on yield estimation and forecasting modeling of perennial cropping systems. We reviewed 49 articles and categorized them according to their yield assessment strategy, modeling class used, and input variable characteristics. The strategies of yield assessment were discussed in the context of their principal improvement challenges. According to our investigation, image processing and deep learning models are emerging techniques for yield estimation. On the other hand, machine learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Trees, were applied to yield forecasting with reasonable time in advance of harvest. Emphasis is placed on the lack of representative long-term datasets for developing computational models, which can lead to accurate early yield forecasting of perennial crops.
The role of chloramines in enhancing soluble manganese removal by manganese contactors by W.R. Knocke, A.M. Weber, P.H. Hargette and E. Odom
Authors: Knocke William , Weber Adrianna M. , Hargette Paul H. , Odom Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) contactors have previously been shown to be quite effective in removing dissolved Mn from drinking water. To date, the contactor media have been regenerated by the application of free chlorine, either continuously in the contactor-applied water or via offline regeneration. This research study was the first to evaluate the potential role of chloramines for the online regeneration of MnOx(s)-coated contactor media. Testing initially at the bench scale and then subsequently over 6 months at the pilot scale demonstrated that chloramines were quite effective at promoting significant media regeneration. Pilot-scale data showed that the presence of chloramines addressed approximately 80% of the media regeneration requirements, allowing for the addition of free chlorine following media backwashing to address the remaining oxidant needs for media regeneration. Hydraulic loading rates of up to 39 m/hr (16 gpm/ft2) could be employed and still produce highly effective Mn removal. The means by which these research results can be applied to other water treatment situations are also discussed.
Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Skakun Oleksii , Fedorov Sergiy , Seredyuk Nestor , Verbovska Olha 
Published: December 2022

Background. An interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation.
Aim. This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of serum IL-6 levels for the development of severe/critical clinical conditions, a hypoxemic state requiring supplemental oxygen, and lethal outcomes in patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and arterial hypertension (AH).
Materials and Methods. One hundred and thirty-five unvaccinated patients hospitalized for COVID-19-associated pneumonia were enrolled in the study. AH was diagnosed in 78.5% of cases. Pneumonia was confirmed radiologically. SARS-COV-2 as an etiological factor was confirmed by either PCR or ELISA. In addition to conventional laboratory tests, IL-6, ferritin, and soluble interleukin-2 levels were measured.
Results. Among AH patients, the median levels of IL-6 were higher in non-survivors (95.1 [37.8 - 158.8] pg/mL) as compared to survivors (39.5 [13.6 - 81.1] pg/mL) (p=0.04). Among AH patients, the median serum level of IL-6 was 98.3 [37.8 - 158.8] pg/mL in critically ill patients, 41.7 [11.8 - 83.4] pg/mL in severely ill patients, 37.8 [13.6 - 74.4] pg/mL in moderately ill patients (p=0.051). The median serum level of IL-6 was lower at the time of discharge (6.5 [2.0 - 21.5] pg/mL) as compared to that on admission (43.2 [16.1 - 92.0] pg/mL) (p< 0.001). IL-6 level failed to predict severe/critical condition (AUC=0.59, p=0.13) and the need for supplemental oxygen (AUC=0.61, p=0.06); however, it might be used for the prediction of the lethal outcome (AUC=0.69, p=0.03). The cut-off value of IL-6 level for lethal outcome prediction of 91.0 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity of 78.7%. Patients with IL-6 levels > 91.0 pg/mL on admission had higher odds of lethal outcomes (OR = 4.87 [1.40 - 16.92], p=0.01).
Conclusions. Serum IL-6 level on admission did not show significant predictive ability for severe/critical conditions and hypoxemic states requiring supplemental oxygen in AH patients. However, serum IL-6 levels on admission were higher in non-survivors and might be used for the prediction of lethal outcomes with a cut-off value of 91.0 pg/mL in AH patients.
Clinical Outcomes After Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids or Oral Steroids in a COVID-19 Telemedicine Clinic Cohort: Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Cellai Michele , Roberts Jodi , Moore Miranda A , Gandrakota Nikhila 
Published: December 2022

Background
COVID-19 concerns remain among health care providers, as there are few outpatient treatment options. In the early days of the pandemic, treatment options for nonhospitalized patients were limited, and symptomatic treatment and home-grown guidelines that used recommendations from the Global Initiative for Asthma Management and Treatment were used.

Objective
The possibility that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) might reduce the risk of respiratory symptoms and promote recovery was the impetus for this review, as it has already been shown that in the nonhospitalized patient population, oral corticosteroids (OCS) in the acute phase could have an adverse effect on recovery. We investigated if (1) patients treated with ICS were less likely to require referral to a post–COVID-19 clinic or pulmonary specialist than patients without ICS treatment or with OCS therapy, and (2) if OCS use was associated with worse health outcomes.

Methods
In a retrospective chart review, we identified all patients with acute illness due to COVID-19 that were followed and managed by a telemedicine clinic team between June and December 2020. The data were electronically pulled from electronic medical records through April 2021 and reviewed to determine which patients eventually required referral to a post–COVID-19 clinic or pulmonary specialist due to persistent respiratory symptoms of COVID-19. The data were then analyzed to compare outcomes between patients prescribed OCS and those prescribed ICS. We specifically looked at patients treated acutely with ICS or OCS that then required referral to a pulmonary specialist or post–COVID-19 clinic. We excluded any patients with a history of chronic OCS or ICS use for any reason.

Results
Prescribing ICS during the acute phase did not reduce the possibility of developing persistent symptoms. There was no difference in the referral rate to a pulmonary specialist or post–COVID-19 clinic between patients treated with OCS versus ICS. However, our data may not be generalizable to other populations, as it represents a patient population enrolled in a telemedicine program at a single center.

Conclusions
We found that ICS, as compared to OCS, did not reduce the risk of developing persistent respiratory symptoms. This finding adds to the body of knowledge that ICS and OCS medications remain potent treatments in patients with acute and postacute COVID-19 seen in an outpatient setting.
Risk of De Novo Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy After Exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 During the Period From Preconception to Delivery: Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Yuan Zhichao , Wang Hai-Jun , Li Qin , Su Tao , Yang Jie , Chen Junjun , Peng Yuanzhou , Zhou Shuang , Bao Heling , Luo Shusheng , Wang Hui , Liu Jue , Han Na , Guo Yuming , Ji Yuelong 
Published: December 2022

Background
Particulate matter (PM) is detrimental to the respiratory and circulatory systems. However, no study has evaluated the lag effects of weekly exposure to fine PM during the period from preconception to delivery on the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).

Objective
We set out to investigate the lag effect windows of PM on the risk of HDPs on a weekly scale.

Methods
Data from women with de novo HDPs and normotensive pregnant women who were part of the Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort, based on the hospital information system of Tongzhou district, were obtained for this study. Meteorological data and data on exposure to fine PM were predicted by satellite remote sensing data based on maternal residential address. The de novo HDP group consisted of pregnant women who were diagnosed with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Fine PM was defined as PM2.5 and PM1. The gestational stage of participants was from preconception (starting 12 weeks before gestation) to delivery (before the 42nd gestational week). A distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was nested in a Cox regression model to evaluate the lag effects of weekly PM exposure on de novo HDP hazard by controlling the nonlinear relationship of exposure–reaction. Stratified analyses by employment status (employed or unemployed), education level (higher or lower), and parity (primiparity or multiparity) were performed.

Results
A total of 22,570 pregnant women (mean age 29.1 years) for whom data were available between 2013 and 2017 were included in this study. The prevalence of de novo HDPs was 6.7% (1520/22,570). Our findings showed that PM1 and PM2.5 were significantly associated with an elevated hazard of HDPs. Exposure to PM1 during the 5th week before gestation to the 6th gestational week increased the hazard of HDPs. A significant lag effect of PM2.5 was observed from the 1st week before gestation to the 6th gestational week. The strongest lag effects of PM1 and PM2.5 on de novo HDPs were observed at week 2 and week 6 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.024, 95% CI 1.007-1.042; HR 1.007, 95% CI 1.000-1.015, respectively, per 10 μg/m3 increase). The stratified analyses indicated that pregnant women who were employed, had low education, and were primiparous were more vulnerable to PM exposure for de novo HDPs.

Conclusions
Exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 was associated with the risk of de novo HDPs. There were significant lag windows between the preconception period and the first trimester. Women who were employed, had low education, and were primiparous were more vulnerable to the effects of PM exposure; more attention should be paid to these groups for early prevention of de novo HDPs.
Comparative Study between Activated Carbon and Charcoal for the Development of Latent Fingerprints on Nonporous Surfaces
Authors: Hameed Hadeel Faroak , Mohammed Alaa K. , Zageer Dheaa S. 
Published: December 2022

For criminal investigations, fingerprints remain the most reliable form of personal identification despite developments in other fields like DNA profiling. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of both commercial charcoal and activated carbon powder derived from the Alhagi plant to reveal latent fingerprints from different non-porous surfaces (cardboard, plain glass, aluminum foil sheet, China Dish, Plastic, and Switch). The effect of three variables on activated carbon production was investigated. These variables were the impregnation ratio (the weight ratio of KOH: dried raw material), the activation temperature, and the activation time. The effect factors were investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD) software. The optimum activation conditions were found as an impregnation ratio of 1:2.6, activated time of 160 min, and temperature of 630oC. The results of the comparison show that Alhagi active carbon powder (AAC) has a high ability to develop latent fingerprints on all surfaces except on plastic surfaces while the commercial charcoal failed to develop the latent fingerprint on both plastic and aluminum foil sheets surfaces. AAC was found to clearly show every feature of the latent fingerprints more than commercial charcoal for both males and females. Also, AAC has the ability to show latent fingerprints till 15 days while commercial charcoal has the ability to show latent fingerprints just till 7 days.