bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication
Authors: Habtamu Kassahun , Petros Beyene , Yan Guiyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInitiatives to eradicate malaria have a good impact on P. falciparum malaria worldwide. P. vivax, however, still presents significant difficulties. This is due to its unique biological traits, which, in comparison to P. falciparum, pose serious challenges for malaria elimination approaches. P. vivax's numerous distinctive characteristics and its ability to live for weeks to years in liver cells in its hypnozoite form, which may elude the human immune system and blood-stage therapy and offer protection during mosquito-free seasons. Many malaria patients are not fully treated because of contraindications to primaquine use in pregnant and nursing women and are still vulnerable to P. vivax relapses, although there are medications that could radical cure P. vivax. Additionally, due to CYP2D6's highly variable genetic polymorphism, the pharmacokinetics of primaquine may be impacted. Due to their inability to metabolize PQ, some CYP2D6 polymorphism alleles can cause patients to not respond to treatment. Tafenoquine offers a radical treatment in a single dose that overcomes the potentially serious problem of poor adherence to daily primaquine. Despite this benefit, hemolysis of the early erythrocytes continues in individuals with G6PD deficiency until all susceptible cells have been eliminated. Field techniques such as microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) miss the large number of submicroscopic and/or asymptomatic infections brought on by reticulocyte tropism and the low parasitemia levels that accompany it. Moreover, P. vivax gametocytes grow more quickly and are much more prevalent in the bloodstream. P. vivax populations also have a great deal of genetic variation throughout their genome, which ensures evolutionary fitness and boosts adaptation potential. Furthermore, P. vivax fully develops in the mosquito faster than P. falciparum. These characteristics contribute to parasite reservoirs in the human population and facilitate faster transmission. Overall, no genuine chance of eradication is predicted in the next few years unless new tools for lowering malaria transmission are developed (i.e., malaria elimination and eradication). The challenging characteristics of P. vivax that impede the elimination and eradication of malaria are thus discussed in this article.
Time to initiate postpartum modern contraceptives among pregnant women in Ambo Town, Central Ethiopia; Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis
Authors: Bekele Gemechu Gelan , Roga Ephrem Yohannes , Gonfa Dajane Negesse , Yami Amare Tesfaye 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Timing of postpartum family planning is crucial for maternal and child wellbeing by preventing unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. However, studies are limited on the time to use modern contraceptives in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to fill these gaps by assessing the time to initiate postpartum modern contraceptive and identifying its predictors among pregnant women in Ambo town, central Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 356 pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia. The data were analysed using STATA-16 software. Kaplan–Meier estimates were performed to explain time-to- modern contraceptive use. A Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with a 95% confidence interval was considered to declare a statistically significant association.

Results
This study showed that the median survival time to initiate postpartum modern contraceptives was 6 months. In this study, the risk of modern contraceptive use was 2.13 times higher (AHR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02–4.45) among younger women, 1.44 times higher (AHR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09–2.66) among women with no desire for more children, and 2.25 times higher (AHR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.02–4.95) among nulliparous women. However, it is 57% times lower (AHR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.32–0.94) among pregnant women with current unintended pregnancy.

Conclusion and recommendation
The median survival time to initiate postpartum modern contraceptive was 6 months. Age of the women, desire for more children, parity and pregnancy status were found to be the significant predictors of time to initiate postpartum modern contraceptive. Therefore health care providers and concerned stakeholders should consider these factors to increase the uptake of the postpartum contraceptive methods.
Regional differences in the reduction in cerebral FDG uptake induced by the ketogenic diet
Authors: Bennett O. A. , Ramsay S. C. , Malacova E. , Bourgeat P. , Goodman S. J. , Dunn C. J. , Robinson B. M. , Lee K. , Pattison D. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe postulated benefits of the ketogenic diet in the management of multiple medical conditions have seen more patients who are in therapeutic ketosis attending18F-FDG PET scans. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ketosis on cerebral glucose metabolism in a clinical PET scanning environment using18F-FDG uptake as a surrogate marker.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted of the brain18F-FDG uptake in 52 patients who underwent PET scans for possible cardiac sarcoidosis or suspected intracardiac infection, following a ketogenic diet and prolonged fasting. SUVbw for whole brain and separate brain regions was compared with serum glucose and serum ketone body (beta-hydroxybutyrate) levels.ResultsThe expected negative association between serum glucose levels and whole brain18F-FDG uptake was confirmed. A reduction in SUVbw due to increasing serum ketones levels was also observed that was independent of and in addition to the effects of glucose. The magnitude of the reduction in SUVbw related to serum glucose level and serum ketone level was found to be greater in the precuneus than in the cerebellum or whole brain.ConclusionIn a real-world clinical PET setting, cerebral18F-FDG uptake appears to be affected by glycaemia and ketonaemia. This means when assessing the brain, both serum glucose and ketone levels need to be considered when SUVs are used to distinguish between pathologic and physiologic states. The magnitude of this effect appears to vary between different brain regions. This regional difference should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate brain region for SUV normalisation, particularly when undertaking database comparison in the assessment of dementia.
Utility of gated SPECT parameters in detection of coronary artery disease in patients with normal perfusion images
Authors: Chantadisai Maythinee , Sirisalipoch Sasitorn , Vachatimanont Sira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
False negative myocardial perfusion images on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a substantial problem in the interpretation of MPI. To explore possible parameters from gated SPECT that could detected coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with normal perfusion images, we retrospectively selected patients who underwent a 2-day Tc-99 m MIBI adenosine stress/rest MPI and a subsequent invasive coronary angiography. Gated SPECT parameters, including end systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and transient ischemic dilation (TID) ratio of patients with and without CAD were compared and assessed for their respective diagnostic performance using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Among 22 patients with normal perfusion images, 7 patients had CAD. Despite the small number of patients, we found significant differences between the ESV, the EDV, and the LVEF between patients with and without CAD. The analysis of ROC curve showed the stress ESV could excellently detect CAD (AUC = 0.900). The rest ESV, the stress EDV, the rest EDV, the stress LVEF and the rest LVEF could likewise perform well in the detection of CAD (AUC = 0.833, 0.819, 0.790, 0.862, and 0.838, respectively). In contrast, the change in LVEF and the TID ratio (AUC = 0.667 and 0.524, respectively) did not seem as reliable as other parameters. Optimal cutoffs for detection of CAD in patients with normal perfusion images from our study were ≥ 20.0 mL for the stress ESV, ≥ 71.0 mL for the stress EDV, ≤ 66.3 EF units for the stress LVEF, ≥ 18.0 mL for the rest ESV, ≥ 67.0 mL for the rest EDV and ≤ 70.0 EF unit for the rest LVEF.

Conclusions
Gated SPECT parameters could facilitate detection of CAD in patient with normal perfusion images on Tc-99m MIBI MPI. These parameters should be carefully interpreted to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce false negative MPI.
Dynamic Craniotomy With NuCrani Reversibly Expandable Cranial Bone Flap Fixation Plates: A Technical Report
Authors: Khanna Rohit , Munz Michael , Baxter Silvia , Han Patrick 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Dynamic craniotomy provides cranial decompression without bone flap removal along with avoidance of cranioplasty and reduced risks for complications.

OBJECTIVE:
To report the first clinical cases using a novel dynamic craniotomy bone flap fixation system. The NeuroVention NuCrani reversibly expandable cranial bone flap fixation plates provide dynamic bone flap movement to accommodate changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) after a craniotomy.

METHODS:
The reversibly expandable cranial bone flap fixation plates were used for management of cerebral swelling in a patient with a subdural hemorrhage after severe traumatic brain injury and another patient with a hemorrhagic stroke.

RESULTS:
Both cases had high ICP's which normalized immediately after the dynamic craniotomy. Progressive postoperative cerebral swelling was noted which was compensated by progressive outward bone flap migration thereby maintaining a normal ICP, and with resolution of the cerebral swelling, the plates retracted the bone flaps to an anatomic flush position.

CONCLUSION:
The reversibly expandable plates provide an unhinged cranial bone flap outward migration with an increase in ICP and retract the bone flap after resolution of brain swelling while also preventing the bone flap from sinking inside the skull.
Patient, Disease, and Treatment-Related Factors Affecting Progression-Free and Disease-Specific Survival in Recurrent Chondrosarcomas of the Skull Base
Authors: Snyder Rita , Gadot Ron , Gidley Paul W. , Nader Marc-Elie , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M. 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Recurrent skull base chondrosarcomas (CSA) are difficult to treat, and limited data are available to help guide subsequent therapy.

OBJECTIVE:
To further characterize the natural history of CSA and identify treatment modalities that were most effective in prolonging progression-free (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

METHODS:
We conducted a single-institution retrospective review of patients with recurrent skull base CSA from 1993 to 2021. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses for PFS and DSS were completed. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify patient-related, treatment-related, and disease-related factors that predicted PFS and DSS.

RESULTS:
A total of 28 patients and 84 episodes of recurrence were included. One-year PFS was 70.6%, 5-year PFS was 28.9%, and 10-year DSS was 78.5%. The median time to first progression was 23.9 months (range, 2.8-282 months). In univariable Cox proportional hazards regression, male sex, higher grade histology, fourth or greater progression episode status, distal pattern of recurrence, and treatment of recurrence without surgery or with chemotherapy alone predicted worse PFS. Multivariable regression predicted shortened DSS in male patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.16; P = .021) and higher-grade tumors (HR 0.22; P = .039). Treatment of recurrence with surgery was associated with, but did not significantly predict, improved DSS (HR 1.78; P = .11).

CONCLUSION:
Several patient and disease-specific factors were associated with shorter PFS and DSS in recurrent skull base chondrosarcoma. For recurrences amenable to resection, surgery is recommended for treatment of recurrent CSA. Local recurrence management without surgery results in shorter PFS and DSS.
Mammalian DNA methylome dynamics: mechanisms, functions and new frontiers
Authors: Wei Alex , Wu Hao 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
DNA methylation is a highly conserved epigenetic modification that plays essential roles in mammalian gene regulation, genome stability and development. Despite being primarily considered a stable and heritable epigenetic silencing mechanism at heterochromatic and repetitive regions, whole genome methylome analysis reveals that DNA methylation can be highly cell-type specific and dynamic within proximal and distal gene regulatory elements during early embryonic development, stem cell differentiation and reprogramming, and tissue maturation. In this Review, we focus on the mechanisms and functions of regulated DNA methylation and demethylation, highlighting how these dynamics, together with crosstalk between DNA methylation and histone modifications at distinct regulatory regions, contribute to mammalian development and tissue maturation. We also discuss how recent technological advances in single-cell and long-read methylome sequencing, along with targeted epigenome-editing, are enabling unprecedented high-resolution and mechanistic dissection of DNA methylome dynamics.
Surface-localized glycoproteins act through class C ARFs to fine-tune gametophore initiation in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Teh Ooi Kock , Singh Prerna , Ren Junling , Huang Lin Tzu , Ariyarathne Menaka , Salamon Benjamin Prethiviraj , Wang Yu , Kotake Toshihisa , Fujita Tomomichi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Arabinogalactan proteins are functionally diverse cell wall structural glycoproteins that have been implicated in cell wall remodeling, although the mechanistic actions remain elusive. Here, we identify and characterize two AGP glycoproteins, SLEEPING BEAUTY (SB) and SB-like (SBL), that negatively regulate the gametophore bud initiation in Physcomitrium patens by dampening cell wall loosening/softening. Disruption of SB and SBL led to accelerated gametophore formation and altered cell wall compositions. The function of SB is glycosylation dependent and genetically connected with the class C auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors PpARFC1B and PpARFC2. Transcriptomics profiling showed that SB upregulates PpARFC2, which in turn suppresses a range of cell wall-modifying genes that are required for cell wall loosening/softening. We further show that PpARFC2 binds directly to multiple AuxRE motifs on the cis-regulatory sequences of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE to suppress its expression. Hence, our results demonstrate a mechanism by which the SB modulates the strength of intracellular auxin signaling output, which is necessary to fine-tune the timing of gametophore initials formation.
Viriato e as Guerras Lusitanas: a construção de uma heroicidade
Authors: De Souza Ricardo Luiz 
Published: December 2022

Desde a antiguidade, a Península Ibérica sempre foi uma área muito almejada. Assim, gregos, cartagineses e, por último, os romanos, buscaram o seu controle ao longo da História. Após a derrota de Cartago, boa parte da Antiga Península Ibérica, ficou sob o comando de Roma, sendo posteriormente organizado em duas províncias: Hispania Citerior e Ulterior. A chegada das legiões romanas, alteraria profundamente o cotidiano dos mais variados povos peninsulares, levando muitos a pegar em armas contra o invasor, em guerras travadas sob o ritmo da prática de emboscadas e guerrilhas. Nesse ínterim, destacam-se as chamadas Guerras Lusitanas (155-139 a.C), conflito violento e decisivo, que nos trouxe a figura do chefe militar que infligiu pesadas derrotas aos exércitos romanos: o chefe militar Viriato, personagem que ainda nos dias de hoje traz uma certa heroicidade em sua figura.
A fúria de Pedro Eiras: três aproximações
Authors: Coutinho Ana Paula 
Published: December 2022

O que poderá leva um poeta a dialogar, nos dias de hoje eabertamentes, com a (con)sagrada obra A Divina Comédia de Dante, um dos autores com quem, segundo HaroldBloom, os escritores contemporâneos não gostariam de concorrer. Ora, Pedro Eiras, autor com provas já dadas em diversos registos discursivos, do ensaio, à ficção e a o teatro, foi justamente comamagnus opus de Dante que dialogou ao estrear-se como poeta, em 2020, com o livro intitulado Inferno, a que se seguiram nos dois anos seguintes, os livros Purgatório e Paraíso, respectivamente. A leitura que proponho dessa trilogia poética visa evidenciar como ela convoca alguns aspectos estruturais da Commedia de Dante, num gesto de atualização da viagem iniciática e das personagens que lhe subjazem, mas para logo se desviar do sentido teológico e teleológico da peregrinação interior do poeta italiano, destronando o seu princípio de esperança messiânica em nome de uma intensa atenção com o mundo presente. Nesse sentido, julgo que a trilogia de Pedro Eiras acaba por representar também um confronto agónico e duplo - com Dante e com Bloom - não em nome de uma supremacia estética, mas da afirmação inequívoca de um compromisso entre estética e ética.
The relationship between satisfaction with care and quality of life among family caregivers of of patients living with terminal cancer in general wards: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Morishita-Kawahara Miki , Koike Kazuhiko , Kawahara Takuya , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: December 2022

Background: Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients have reported experiencing low quality of life (QOL). Satisfaction with care has gained attention as a factor that correlates with QOL. Aim: To examine the relationship between ‘satisfaction with care’ and QOL of family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and included family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in general wards. The authors assessed family caregivers’ QOL using the caregiver quality of life index-cancer; a multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with QOL. Findings: A total of 51 family caregivers enrolled in the study. Their satisfaction with care and the months since their initial diagnosis were positively associated with a more positive QOL. Conclusion: Satisfaction with care is correlated with QOL among family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in general wards. Enhancing family caregivers’ satisfaction with care may contribute to improving their QOL.
Prioritization of carceral spending in U.S. cities: Development of the Carceral Resource Index (CRI) and the role of race and income inequality
Authors: Skaathun Britt , Maviglia Francesca , Vo Anh , McBride Allison , Seymour Sarah , Mendez Sebastian , Gonsalves Gregg , Beletsky Leo 
Published: December 2022

Background
Policing, corrections, and other carceral institutions are under scrutiny for driving health harms, while receiving disproportionate resources at the expense of prevention and other services. Amidst renewed interest in structural determinants of health, roles of race and class in shaping government investment priorities are poorly understood.

Methods
Based on the Social Conflict Model, we assessed relationships between city racial/ economic profiles measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and budgetary priorities measured by the novel Carceral Resource Index (CRI), contrasting investments in carceral systems with funding for health and social support across the 50 most populous cities in the United States (U.S.). Bivariate correlations, and unadjusted and adjusted polynomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between budgetary investments and population concentration at extremes in terms of income, racial/ethnic composition, and education, controlling for other demographic characteristics.

Results
In our sample, median CRI was -0.59 (IQR -0.64, -0.45), with only seven cities exhibiting positive CRI values. This indicates that most large U.S. cities spend more on carceral systems than on health and supportive services, combined. Adjusted polynomial models showed a convex relationship between the CRI and ICE-Education, and ICE-Race(White vs. Black)+Income, with quadratic terms that were positive and significant at p<0.05. After controlling for age, the strongest prioritization of carceral systems was observed in cities where the proportion of low-income Black residents approached or exceeded that of high-income white residents.

Conclusions
Municipal prioritization of carceral investments over health and social support is pervasive in the U.S and exacerbated by racial and economic disparities. The CRI offers new opportunities to understand the role of government investments as a structural determinant of health and safety. Longitudinal research is warranted to examine the relationship between budget priorities, structural racism, and health outcomes.
Neuromuscular blockade in mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Baek Moon Seong , Kim Jong Ho , Lim Yaeji , Kwon Young Suk 
Published: December 2022

Background/Purpose
The benefit of neuromuscular blockades (NMBs) in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether NMB use is associated with improved survival of mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study was conducted at five university-affiliated hospitals. Data of pneumonia patients aged 18 years and older who received mechanical ventilation between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020, were analyzed.

Results
In a total of 1,130 patients, the mean patient age was 73.1 years (SD±12.6), and the overall mortality rate at 30 d was 29.5% (n = 333). NMB users had a higher 30 d mortality rate than NMB nonusers (33.9% vs. 26.8%, P = 0.014). After PS matching, the 30 d mortality rate was not significantly different between NMB users and nonusers (33.4% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.089). However, 90 d mortality rate was significantly increased in NMB users (39.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.021). Univariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that NMB use ≥ 3 d was significant risk factor for the 90 d mortality than those with < 3 d use (90 d mortality HR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.01–1.91], P = 0.045).

Conclusions
NMB use was not associated with lower 30 d mortality among mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia. Rather, NMB users had higher 90 d mortality, furthermore, and NMB use ≥ 3 d was associated with a higher risk of long-term mortality compared to NMB use < 3 d. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid extended use of NMB in critically ill pneumonia patients during mechanical ventilation.