bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical–transport–chemical modeling of electrochemical repair methods for corrosion‐induced cracking in marine concrete
Authors: Meng Zhaozheng , Liu Qing‐feng , Xia Jin , Cai Yuxin , Zhu Xingji , Zhou Yu , Pel Leo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments often experience chloride ingress, reinforcement corrosion, and corrosion‐induced cracking. The electrochemical repair method is a promising concrete rehabilitation technique with advantages of non‐destructive and economic performance in crack repair, chloride removal, and corrosion protection, which is particularly suitable for structures exposed to marine environments. This work presents an innovative methodology for modeling the mechanical, transport, and chemical process during electrochemical treatment for marine concrete structures. The entire process from concrete cracking up to repairing can be successfully reproduced and digitally visualized. The first sub‐model calculates the corrosion‐induced cracking process at the mesoscopic level with the consideration of local mechanical variances of concrete composites. Then, a reactive transport sub‐model is established to reveal the interactions and electrochemical reactions among various species of ions. A crack repair sub‐model is built to visualize the moving interface between chemical deposition and crack surface. Through combining the three sub‐models, the interconnected influencing factors in practical engineering can be quantitively investigated. The calculation results show that, compared with electrolyte concentration, the influence of current density on crack closure rates are more obvious. Other factors such as steel reinforcement diameter and crack distribution pattern, which have not been previously reported are highlighted. These findings can guide the application of electrochemical repair in practical engineering.
Elbow Dislocation with Irretrievable Rotating‐Rope Injury of the Forearm: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Jian‐chuan , Qin Song , Wang Zong‐pu 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSimultaneous dislocation of the elbow, radioulnar joint and proximal radius fracture with rotary noose injury to the medial ulna tubercle is extremely rare. An emergency surgery was performed to reduce it. The radial head with the backbone was reset after two hammers were fixed, then the radial capitulum safety was fixed with a locking plate. After the ulnar instability was examined, two Kirschner wires were drilled percutaneously to fix the elbow flexion at 100° under closed reduction, and two Kirschner wires were drilled percutaneously to fix the ulnar joint. Good follow‐up results were achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this particular type of injury and on this approach to treating this type of injury.Case presentationWe report the case of a 36‐year‐old male, who extended and landed on his left hand to protect his child in right arm before felling, resulting in severe pain and deformity of his left elbow and wrist and loss of movement in these joints. X‐ray examination found proximal distal radioulnar joints, a proximal radial fracture and a dislocation bowstring in the ulna nodule. For a timely diagnosis in an emergency open reduction situation, accurate judgment of this injury is highly important. After 12 months of postoperative follow‐up, the patient was symptom‐free, and radiographs showed fracture healing.ConclusionWe performed emergency reduction and internal fixation of the elbow and successfully saved elbow function, no stability decrease and movement restriction. This case also provides a new reference for the treatment of this type of elbow fracture dislocation.
Trapped p waves causing loss of physiological left bundle branch pacing
Authors: de Castro Daniel , Aguilera‐Agudo Cristina , Castro‐Urda Víctor , Toquero Jorge , Jimenez‐Sanchez Diego , Vela‐Martín Paula , Veloza‐Urrea Darwin , Fernandez‐Lozano Ignacio , García‐Izquierdo Eusebio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 75‐year‐old woman with severe aortic stenosis and moderate left ventricular dysfunction, who underwent elective transcatheter aortic valve replacement. After the procedure, the patient developed a left bundle branch block and a long PR interval. For this reason, a dual chamber pacemaker with pacing in the left bundle branch area was implanted. On device interrogation, we confirmed the presence of functional atrial undersensing causing loss of ventricular electric resynchronization. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this problem and, by means of device reprogramming and pharmacological intervention, suggests a stepwise approach to solve it.
Determinants of preference for future living arrangement in disabled elders: a cross‐sectional study of elderly residents in Kunshan, China
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Zhuo , Lin Lu , Huang Jian , Dong Yanan , Li Huiling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid increase in the number of disabled elders and great economic and social changes call for a synchronised development of long‐term care services. The aim of this study was to identify the factors determining the preference for future living arrangements, forecasting the demand for long‐term care services.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Kunshan between June and July 2018. The stratified sampling method was used in this survey. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors.ResultsThe most preferred future living arrangement was to live at home. Individual income, number of children alive, life satisfaction and medical insurance were significantly associated with the preference for future living arrangement.ConclusionsOur study suggested that home‐based long‐term care should be promoted to meet the expectations of the elderly and caregivers, and special attention should be given to the elderly with low individual income.
Emergency risk communication and sensemaking during smoke events: A survey of practitioners
Authors: Thomas Madeleine , Klemm Celine , Hutchins Brett , Kaufman Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmergency risk communication (ERC) for smoke emitted from major fires continues to challenge governments. During these events, practitioners (including scientific, communication, and emergency response government staff) are tasked with quickly making sense of the public health risks and the communication options available. Practitioners’ sensemaking—the process of creating meaning from information about an unfolding emergency—is key to effective ERC. This article identifies the factors that ERC practitioners consider the most important to their sensemaking for smoke events. A survey of practitioners (n = 86) was conducted to elicit their views on the level of importance of 22 different factors (individual, organizational, and contextual) on their sensemaking. The results indicate that the majority of the factors tested are very important to practitioners. This finding likely reflects the multidimensional nature of emergency smoke events and provides evidence as to why practitioners are challenged when trying to make sense of emergency situations. Despite multiple factors being considered very important to practitioners, the time‐limited nature of emergencies means that practitioners will inevitability be forced to prioritize in their sensemaking efforts. Our results also provide insight into practitioners’ prioritization of different information sources. Specifically, practitioners prioritize their own knowledge and the knowledge of other practitioners. The two most important factors were information from other incident management stakeholders and the practitioners’ past experience. Other information, including community‐based and academic knowledge, appear to be of lower priority for practitioners. Based on the study results, recommendations for practice and future research are discussed.
Revisiting the accuracy of inflation forecasts in Nigeria: The oil price–exchange rate–asymmetry perspectives1
Authors: Isah Kazeem O. , Mahomedy Abdulkader C. , Udeaja Elias A. , Adelakun Ojo J. , Yakubu Yusuf , Musa Danmecca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivated by the distinctive paradoxical nature of the Nigerian economy as the only OPEC oil‐exporting economy that yet depends heavily on the importation of gasoline, we are compelled to re‐examine the accuracy of the oil‐based augmented Philips curve model in the predictability of inflation. Using quarterly data from 1970 to 2020, we investigate whether extending the oil price‐based augmented Phillips curve to include exchange rate improves the accuracy of inflation forecast in Nigeria. We rely on the outcomes of our preliminary analysis to account for the presence of endogeneity, persistence and conditional heteroscedasticity in the predictability of inflation following the Westerlund and Narayan (2015) procedure. We find the extended variant of the oil price‐based Phillips curve model that includes the exchange rate pass‐through as most accurate for improving inflation forecasts in Nigeria. Given the robustness of our results from several models, we conclude that the exchange rate channel through which shocks to the oil price transmit into the economy is essential for enhancing the accuracy of inflation forecasts.
Legacy phosphorus in calcareous soil under 33 years of P fertilizer application: Implications for efficient P management in agriculture
Authors: Zhang Licun , Chen Jiajie , Chu Guixin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilizers have long been applied in agriculture. However, the influence of long‐term P addition on the evolution of soil P fertility and legacy P characteristics have not been well‐documented. Herein, literature data were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) to explore the evolution of soil P fertility after 33 years of application of P fertilizer; different soil samples were collected from cropland and adjacent uncultivated land to analyse the distribution of P fractions at different soil depths (0–0.8 m) using Guppy's sequential P extraction method. We found that soil Olsen‐P significantly increased by 3.6‐fold (from 7.2 mg kg−1in 1981 to 25.9 mg kg−1in 2013) after 33 years of P application, while total P increased slightly. The ratios of inorganic P fractions in cropland to those uncultivated land followed NaHCO3‐P (1.47) > NaOH‐P (1.38) > resin‐P (1.37) > residue‐P (1.17) > HCl‐P (1.11), suggesting that long‐term P addition contributed more to labile and moderately labile P rather than non‐labile P. Moreover, a principal component analysis could distinguish between cropland and uncultivated land, indicating that long‐term application of P fertilizer changed soil P characteristics. Compared to uncultivated land, soil NaHCO3‐P in cropland was closely associated with soil organic C, total nitrogen and carbonate. Collectively, our findings highlight that soil legacy P was notably increased after long‐term of P application, and a large portion of the applied P remained in labile and moderately labile forms. Therefore, soil legacy P can be recommended as a useful P management tool.
Noninvasive diagnostics of fetal KEL*01.01 allele from maternal plasma of immunized women using digital PCR protocols
Authors: Orzińska Agnieszka , Krzemienowska Magdalena , Purchla‐Szepioła Sylwia , Kopeć Izabella , Guz Katarzyna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAllo‐antibodies produced by K‐negative pregnant women against a fetal K antigen from the Kell blood group system may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Predicting the fetal K antigen using noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is important for decisions concerning management of pregnancies. Digital and droplet digital PCR techniques permit the detection of fetal single nucleotide variant with a higher specificity and sensitivity than real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).AimThe aim was to evaluate and compare protocols for fetal KEL*01.01 genotyping using different assays and digital PCR platforms.MethodsDNA isolated from 59 pregnant women (9–39 weeks of gestation, 49 with anti‐K) was tested using home‐made and custom‐ordered KEL*01.01/KEL*02 assays with Droplet Digital™ and QuantStudio™3D. The results were compared with fetal/neonatal genotypes/phenotypes.ResultsFetal KEL*01.01 results using all tested protocols were concordant with fetal/neonatal KEL*01.01 genotypes/phenotypes. None of the tested combinations of assays or digital PCR platforms gave false KEL*01.01‐negative results, but inconclusive KEL*01.01 reads were observed in all tested protocols. For 36 cases compared using two digital PCR platforms and assays, there were not statistically significant differences in a level of fetal KEL*01.01 fraction (p < .72).ConclusionIndependent of the applied dPCR and ddPCR platforms and KEL*01.01 assays, prediction of the fetal KEL*01.01 is highly reliable. Before implementation in routine practice further validation of the KEL*01.01 protocol with a larger group of pregnant women should be performed.
Response of theVCMVetviscoelastic coagulation monitor to veterinary environmental simulation challenges
Authors: Hindmarsh Dalton D. , Rutter Christine R. , Pugnetti Viktoria D. , Jeffery Unity 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional viscoelastic clotting tests are significantly impacted by the operator and environmental variation. The VCMVet coagulation monitor could provide a more user‐friendly alternative for veterinary practices.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if environmental vibration commonly encountered in veterinary practice alters the results of a point‐of‐care viscoelastic device, the VCMVet.MethodsNine fresh whole blood samples from healthy dogs were evaluated simultaneously using VCMVet instruments under four environmental conditions: (normal) alone and undisturbed on a raised tabletop, (centrifuge) on a countertop 6 inches from a centrifuge that operated at 12 000 rpm for 10 minutes every 20 minutes, (workspace) on a tabletop workspace in proximity to two heavy‐use computers, and (gurney) on a rolling gurney at a walking pace for 10 minutes every 20 minutes. Results were compared between conditions using a Friedman test, and if this was significant (P‐value < .05), it was followed by a Wilcoxon test for paired samples.ResultsAnalysis of samples on a rolling gurney created obvious movement artifacts, and this condition was excluded from statistical analysis. The centrifuge condition resulted in a significantly higher alpha angle (median 49 degrees, interquartile range 4) than the normal condition (median 46 degrees, interquartile range 5,P= .0078). Other viscoelastic parameters were not significantly different between the normal, centrifuge, and workspace conditions.ConclusionsThe VCMVet is suitable for use in a busy veterinary environment but should be protected from vibration. The instrument does not produce reliable results when operated on a moving gurney, and it should be stationary during sample analysis.
Early Sport Specialization in College Athletes and the Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Burwell Matthew , DiSanti Justin , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. 
Published: February 2022

Clinical Scenario: Youth athletes may specialize in a sport of their choosing, or based on external pressures, to pursue elite status in that sport. Current evidence shows an association between highly specialized athletes and an increase in injuries as well as a connection between injury and lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Clinical Question: In college athletes, do early sport specialization characteristics (ie, age at specialization and degree of specialization) impact current HRQOL? Summary of Key Findings: The literature was searched for studies that investigated the age of specialization (early vs late) or degree of specialization (high, moderate, and low) and the impact on HRQOL. (1) The search returned 6 possible studies related to the clinical question. Three of the studies met the inclusion criteria and were used for this appraisal. (2) Two of the 3 included studies reported that highly specialized athletes noted lower HRQOL. (3) One study found there to be no significant difference in HRQOL between athletes who specialized early versus late but did find those who specialized early to have a greater incidence of injuries that required surgery. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence that early sport specialization is associated with lower HRQOL compared with late sport specialization. It is important to educate athletes, parents, and coaches on the potential detriments that are associated with early sport specialization to allow stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding participation. Strength of Recommendation: Grade B evidence exists to support the idea that early, intensive sport specialization may be associated with decreased HRQOL in current college athletes.
Cross-sectional prospective feasibility study of newborn screening for sickle cell anaemia and congenital hypothyroidism in Guyana
Authors: Alladin Bibi Areefa , Mohamed-Rambaran Pheona , Grey Vijay , Hunter Andrea , Chakraborty Pranesh , Henderson Matthew , Milburn Jennifer , Tessier Laurie 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNewborn screening (NBS) is a test done shortly after birth to detect conditions that cause severe health problems if not treated early. An estimated 71% of babies worldwide are born in jurisdictions that do not have an established NBS programme. Guyana currently has no NBS programme and has established a partnership with Newborn Screening Ontario (NSO) to initiate screening.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of implementing a NBS programme in Guyana for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and haemoglobinopathies (HBG) and to report on screen positive rates and prevalence (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)) for CH and HBG.MethodsTerm, healthy Guyanese infants were evaluated (with consent) using heel prick dried blood spots (DBS) shortly after birth (closer to 24 hours of life). DBS samples were analysed at NSO. Screening test for CH was done using a human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) assay. Mean hTSH levels between the Guyanese sample and the Ontarian population were compared using Student’s t-test with an alpha of 0.05. Screening test for HBG was performed with a cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe pilot was conducted from 6 June 2016 to 22 September 2017. Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation recruited 2294 mothers/infants. Screen positive rate for CH in our sample was 0.0% (0/2038 infants). Mean TSH levels in Guyanese samples (1.7 µU/mL blood) was noticed to be significantly different than in the Ontarian population (4.3 µU/mL blood) (p<0.05). Screen positive rate for sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in our sample was 0.3% (7/2039 patients), and the carrier rate was 8.4% (172/2039 patients). Using the HWE, the SCA frequency (S allele frequency)2 is 0.0492=0.002ConclusionNBS for CH and SCA in Guyana could be beneficial. Future work should focus on conducting larger pilots which could be used to inform diagnosis and treatment guidelines for Guyanese people.
Rebalancing the research equation in Africa: principles and process
Authors: Edwards Cathryn M , Suliman Ahmed A A , Taylor-Robinson Simon , Corrah Tumani 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMany examples of research excellence in Africa have been driven by partnerships led by the global North and have involved localised infrastructure improvements to support the best of international research practice.ObjectiveIn this article, we explore a possible mechanism by which local research networks, appropriately governed, could begin to support national African research programmes by allying research delivery to clinical service.SummaryThis article explores the concept that sustainable research effort needs a well-trained and mentored workforce, working to common standards, but which is practically supported by a much developed information technology (IT) infrastructure throughout the continent.ConclusionsThe balance of investment and ownership of such a research programme needs to be shared between local and international funding, with the emphasis on developing global South–South collaborations and research strategies which address the environmental impact of medical research activity and mitigate the impact of climate change on African populations. Healthcare must be embedded in the post-COVID-19 approach to research development.
SPEAKS study: study protocol of a multisite feasibility trial of the Specialist Psychotherapy with Emotion for Anorexia in Kent and Sussex (SPEAKS) intervention for outpatients with anorexia nervosa or otherwise specified feeding and eating disorders, anorexia nervosa type
Authors: Oldershaw Anna , Lavender Tony , Basra Randeep , Startup Helen 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental health condition associated with high mortality rates and significantly impaired quality of life. National guidelines outline psychotherapeutic interventions as treatments of choice for adults with AN, but outcomes are limited and therapy drop-out high, resulting in calls for new innovative treatments. The Specialist Psychotherapy with Emotion for Anorexia in Kent and Sussex (SPEAKS) research programme sought to develop the SPEAKS intervention avoiding some difficulties inherent in development of earlier interventions, such unclear hypotheses about change processes. SPEAKS focuses on a core hypothesised maintaining factor (emotional experience) with clear proposed model of change. The current feasibility trial aims to provide an initial test of SPEAKS and inform design of a full randomised controlled trial protocol.Methods and analysisThis study employs a multisite, single-arm, within-group, mixed-methods design. Up to 60 participants (36 therapy completers) meeting inclusion criteria will be offered the SPEAKS intervention instead of treatment-as-usual (TAU). SPEAKS is a weekly psychotherapy lasting nine to 12 months, provided by trained and experienced eating disorders therapists. All other clinical input remains inline with TAU. Acceptability will be assessed using VAS scales and end of therapy interview. Reach and recruitment, such as recruitment yield, will be monitored. To support sample size estimation and economic estimation, data pertaining to eating disorder-related symptoms will be recorded every 3 months, alongside service usage and intervention-specific measures. Videoed therapy sessions will inform model adherence. Additional analyses coding videoed therapy will test SPEAKS change process hypotheses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by London–Bromley Research Ethics Committee (NHS Rec Reference: 19/LO/1530). Data will be disseminated via high-impact, peer-reviewed journals (Open Access preferred), conferences, service user and charity networks (eg, UK charity BEAT) and through a free open conference hosted by National Health Service Trusts and Higher Education Institutions.Trial registration numberISRCTN11778891.Trial statusRecruitment began on 12 December 2019 and ends on 28 February 2021. All data will be collected and the trial ended by 28 February 2022.Protocol versionSPEAKS protocol V.3.0 (30 August 2020). Changes were made to the original protocol due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A further set of changes were made to incorporate the measures of change processes, resulting in this being the third version of the protocol.