bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dimensions of Pronator Quadratus and Its Neurovascular Structures – A Cadaveric Study with Its Clinical Implications in Distal Forearm Surgeries
Authors: Ramalingam Sudha , Somanath Deepa 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
The pronator quadratus is one of the deep muscles of the front of the forearm. The neurovascular supply of the muscle is derived from the anterior interosseous nerve and vessels. This muscle is approached in various surgical procedures involving the distal radius. Its nerve can be utilised as a graft in case of peripheral nerve lesions and the anterior interosseous artery perforator flap is used for wrist and hand surgeries. Hence, the anatomy of the muscle and its neurovascular pedicle is needed in orthopedic surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 84 upper limbs from 24 male and 18 female cadavers, age ranging from 55 to 78 years, were dissected to study the pronator quadratus muscle and its neurovascular supply in the Department of Anatomy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. Various levels of measurements regarding the length and width of the muscle were considered. The number of branches of its neurovascular structures and their levels of entry into the muscle from various landmarks was measured. The Student t-test was applied to identify the P-value regarding the difference between the subjects.

Results:
No significant differences were observed regarding the measurements of the muscle and its neurovascular structures between male and female cadavers.

Conclusion:
This study can be useful for the surgeries involving the lower part of front of forearm. Since no significant difference was found between the genders regarding the variables, the morphometry of the muscle and its supply can be generalised for both sexes.
A Novel Technique for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fixation through the Burks and Schaffer Approach
Authors: Vijay Akshat , Bairwa Dinesh Kumar , Goel Rajesh , Gupta Amit 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Numerous techniques for the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures have been described in literature from closed reduction to definitive fixation, both open and arthroscopically assisted fixation.

Aim:
In this study, we evaluated the clinical and functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial avulsion injuries of the PCL using number 5 polyester sutures (Ethicon-Ethibond excel) with Titanium AL (Tit) endobutton (Nebula Surgicals Private Limited, India) through burks and Schaffer posteromedial approach.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective study of 22 patients of PCL tibial avulsion fractures; fixed using number 5 polyester sutures with Tit endobutton through burks and Schaffer approach with the patient in the prone position. We included only those patients who had isolated PCL avulsion injuries and came within 12 weeks of injury. The final functional outcome was compared using the Lysholm knee scoring system. Student's t-tests were used for intergroup comparison of Lysholm knee scores before and after surgery.

Results:
The mean follow-up was of 11.9 months, with the loss of two patients in follow-up. Bony union was achieved in all patients within 8–15 weeks (mean-11.6 weeks). The average flexion of 122.8° with full extension achieved in all patients. Slight instability (1+) was noted in four patients. The Lysholm functional score was excellent in 16 patients and good in four patients with an average score of 94.6 ± 4.6.

Conclusion:
Using sutures and endobuttons for PCL tibial avulsion fixation provides secure fixation leading to satisfactory functional and clinical outcomes as well as omits placement of any hardware in joint, thus obviating risk of joint damage and burden of second surgery for removing the implant.
Comparative Analysis of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail versus Dynamic Hip Screw in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Shukla Rajeev , Pathak Prateek , Choyal Arpit 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Intertrochanteric fracture is one of the most common fractures of the hip, especially in the elderly with osteoporotic bones, usually due to low-energy trauma like simple falls. This study was done to compare the functional and radiological outcome of PFN with dynamic hip screw (DHS) in treatment of type 31-A2, intertrochanteric fractures.

Materials and Methods:
From June 2019 to June 2021, prospective randomized and comparative study was conducted on the 162 patients of type 31-A2 intertrochanteric fractures of hip who were operated using PFN or DHS. Intraoperative complications were noted. Functional outcome was assessed using Harris hip score (HHS) and radiological findings were compared at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:
In our study, out of 162 patients, 77 patients are managed with DHS, while 85 patients are managed with PFN. The average age group of the patients was 61–70 years. In our series, we found that patients with DHS had longer duration of surgery (111 min) and required longer time for mobilization, while patients who underwent PFN had shorter duration of surgery (97 min) and allowed early mobilization. In addition, complications such as DVT, lag screw cutout, shortening, and superficial infection are more in DHS group as compared to PFN group. The patients treated with PFN started early ambulation as they had better HHS in the early postoperative period as well as late postoperative period.

Conclusion:
PFN is better than DHS in type 31-A2 intertrochanteric fractures in terms of decreased blood loss, reduced duration of surgery, early weight-bearing and mobilization, reduced hospital stay, decreased risk of infection, and decreased complications.
A Retrospective Study to Compare Early Outcomes of Bilateral Total Knee Replacement Done in Single Sitting versus Double Sitting
Authors: Wadhwani Jitendra , Siwach Ramchander , Sihag Ravi , Kamboj Pradeep , Siwach Karan 
Published: June 2022

Aim:
We aimed to conduct a study comparing early outcomes of bilateral total knee replacement (BTKR) done in single sitting versus double sitting.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 58 patients who were already operated case of BTKR done in single sitting (sequential BTKR) – Group I (n = 30) and double sitting (staged BTKR) – Group II (n = 27), during time period April 2016 to May 2019. At follow-up, functional outcome in both the groups was assessed by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis (OA) Outcome Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index score, and Visual Analog Scale scores.

Results:
The mean age in Group I was 64.5 ± 10.52 years and in Group II was 63.92 ± 5.76 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) in Group I was 28.42 ± 1.365 kg/m2, whereas the mean BMI in Group II was 29.19 ± 1.898 kg/m2. The mean length of hospital stay in Group I was 15.23 ± 2.921 days as compared to 23.69 ± 5.259 days in Group II. There was no mortality in both the groups within 90 days after operation in both the groups. There was significantly less requirement of hospital stay in Group I as compared to Group II (P = 0.001, Mann–Whitney U-test).

Conclusion:
We found that the single sitting BTKR is cost-effective and a relatively safe surgery. There was significantly lower length of hospital stay in single sitting BTKR along with no major complication in our study. Thus we advocate BTKR as a single sitting surgery with proper patient selection and preanesthetic workup.
Apelin Association with Hepatic Fibrosis and Esophageal Varices in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Soliman Lamyaa Abdellatif , Zayed Rania A. , Omran Dalia , Said Fadwa , Darweesh Samar Kamal , Ghaith Doaa Mohamed , Eletreby Rasha , Barakat Mahmoud Salama , Bendary Mahmoud M. , Zaky Doaa Zakaria , Amer Eman , Elmahgoub Iman Rifaat 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Portal hypertension and esophageal varices complicating hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver diseases are some of the most devastating sequelae. Angiogenesis is the hallmark of their pathogenesis. Apelin is one of the recently identified angiogenic and fibrogenic peptides. We studied apelin gene expression, apelin (rs3761581) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and serum apelin level in patients with chronic HCV, and their association with liver fibrosis and esophageal varices in 112 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease (40 with liver cirrhosis [LC]/low-grade varices, 33 with LC/high-grade varices, and 39 with fibrotic non-cirrhotic liver/no varices) and 80 healthy control subjects. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for apelin gene expression assay and apelin rs3761581 SNP analysis in peripheral blood samples. The serum apelin level was measured by ELISA. Apelin gene expression was undetectable in the studied samples. The SNP analysis revealed a greater frequency of the C (mutant) allele among patients compared with control subjects (P = 0.012; odds ratio, 3.67). The serum apelin level was significantly greater in patients with LC/varices (median, 31.6 ng/L) compared with patients without LC/varices (median, 2.9 ng/L; P < 0.001). A serum apelin level cutoff value of 16.55 ng/L predicted the presence of varices, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.786. A positive correlation was found between serum apelin level and grade of liver fibrosis (r = 0.346, P < 0.001) and portal hypertension (r = 0.438, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the apelin rs3761581-C allele may be associated with the progression of HCV-related chronic liver disease and varices formation, and can be considered a potential therapeutic target to control fibrosis progression. The serum apelin level provided an accurate prediction of the presence of esophageal varices.
Neurological Disease Associated with Chikungunya in Indonesia
Authors: Myint Khin S. A. , Mawuntu Arthur H. P. , Haryanto Sotianingsih , Imran Darma , Dian Sofiati , Dewi Yora P. , Ganiem Ahmad R. , Anggreani Riane , Iskandar Mirna M. , Bernadus Janno B. B. , Maharani Kartika , Susanto David , Estiasari Riwanti , Dewi Hasna , Kristiani Amanda , Gaghiwu Lidia , Johar Edison , Yudhaputri Frilasita A. , Antonjaya Ungke , Ledermann Jeremy P. , van Crevel Reinout , Hamers Raph L. , Powers Ann M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is recognized but rarely considered as a cause of central nervous system infection in endemic areas. A total of 244 patients with acute meningoencephalitis in Indonesia were retrospectively tested to identify whether any CHIKV infection was associated with neurological manifestations, especially in provinces known for CHIKV endemicity. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens were tested using CHIKV-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and IgM ELISA, alongside a panel of neurotropic viruses. We report four cases of suspected or confirmed CHIKV-associated neurological disease, including CHIKV RNA detection in CSF of one patient and in acute serum of another, and CHIKV IgM in CSF of three patients and in serum of a fourth. In conclusion, CHIKV should be considered as a cause of neurologic disease in endemic areas and especially during outbreaks, in addition to the more common arboviral diseases such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses.
Case Report: The First Case Report of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Cambodia
Authors: Lyvannak Sam , Sreynich Korb , Heng Sing , Thyl Miliya , Chandna Arjun , Chanpheaktra Ngoun , Pises Ngeth , Farrilend Prak , Jarzembowski Jason , Leventaki Vasiliki , Davick Jonathan , Neunert Cindy , Keller Frank , Kean Leslie S. , Camitta Bruce , Tarlock Katherine , Watkins Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Leishmaniasis is considered a neglected tropical disease that is commonly found in Asia, Africa, South America, and Mediterranean countries. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the disease and is almost universally fatal if left untreated. The symptoms of VL overlap with many infectious diseases, malignancies, and other blood disorders. The most common findings include fever, cytopenias, and splenomegaly. Given the nonspecific symptoms, the diagnosis requires detailed laboratory investigations, including bone marrow examination, that can be challenging in low- and middle-income countries. Diagnostic limitations likely lead to the underdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of VL. We describe, to our knowledge, the first case report of VL in Cambodia in a child presenting with fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis required a liver biopsy and multiple bone marrow biopsies to visualize intracellular Leishmania spp. Our case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and the importance of timely diagnosis. This case also highlights the need for heightened awareness of the diagnostic findings of VL and improved reporting of tropical diseases.
Creating Patient Safety Team Members Through a Simulation-Based Interprofessional Root Cause Analysis Course
Authors: Schall Sarah E. , Switaj Timothy L. , Parham Ashley T. , Aden James K. , Matos Renée I. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Program Requirements require residents to participate in real or simulated interprofessional patient safety activities. Root cause analysis (RCA) is widely used to respond to patient safety events; however, residents may lack knowledge about the process.

Objective
To improve clinicians' knowledge of the tools used to conduct an RCA and the science behind them, and to describe this course and discuss outcomes and feasibility.

Methods
A flipped classroom approach was used. Participants completed 5 hours of pre-course work then attended an 8.5-hour program including didactic sessions and small group, facilitator-led RCA simulations. Pre- and post-surveys, as well as a 10-month follow-up on knowledge of and comfort with the RCA process were compared. Statistical significance was evaluated for matched pairs using a repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results
Of 162 participants trained, 59 were residents/fellows from 23 graduate medical education programs. Response rates were 96.9% (157 of 162) for pre-course, 92.6% (150 of 162) for post-course, and 81.5% (132 of 162) for 10-month follow-up survey. Most participants had never participated in an RCA (57%, 89 of 157) and had no prior training (87%, 136 of 157). Following the course, participants reported improved confidence in their ability to interview and participate in an RCA (P&lt;.001, 95% CI 4.4-4.6). This persisted 10 months later (P&lt;.001, 95% CI 4.2-4.4), most prominently among residents/fellows who had the highest rate (38.9%, 23 of 59) of participation in real-world RCAs following the training.

Conclusions
The course led to a sustained improvement in confidence participating in RCAs, especially among residents and fellows.
Seeing the Pond for the Reeds: Biodiversity of Rural Ponds
Authors: Scheff Jayci , Unger Shem , Niland Erika , Turley Brad , Harper David 
Published: June 2022

Ponds in rural ecosystems may provide valuable habitat for a variety of cosmopolitan species, including those that are either fully aquatic or pond associated species in riparian habitats of mixed agricultural/wooded areas. We assessed the diversity of three rural ponds on private property (Southern 8’s Farm; Chesterfield, South Carolina), with different management histories using rapid species assessments. Surveys included aquatic dip-netting, sweep netting, acoustic surveys, camera trapping, and visual encounters. Identifications of organisms were performed using iNaturalist. In total, we compiled 240 unique taxonomic observations of different taxa across all ponds, representing 165 fully identified species (68.8% of observations). This consisted of 166 animal observations (largely arthropods, with some chordates), and 70 plant observations (mostly dicot flowering plants) and only 4 fungi observations. We found that iNaturalist provided a reliable method for identification of flora and fauna pond-associated species and should be considered for bioblitz surveys and rapid biological inventories to document species presence in riparian zones of agricultural ecosystems.
Promoting Student Interest in Science Using Student-Delivered Professional Development
Authors: Kerman Elizabeth , Blood Kimmie , Rodriguez Brandon 
Published: June 2022

In this work, over 400 middle school and high school students were presented science activities pertaining to authentic astronomical research. Created by a group of student research interns, these activities were delivered to classroom educators to share with their own students in person or via online instruction. This delivery took place via a series of professional development sessions delivered to teachers by the student interns, reaching a total of fifteen schools from across the United States of varying diversity and socioeconomic background. The authorship of the activities by students allowed for their voice to resonate with a wide audience of classrooms, promoting interest in science careers and confidence in independent learning across several subgroups, most notably in high school minority students. This includes a 12% increase in desire to go to college and a 14% gain in confidence in online learning in high school students.
The methods for this student-teacher-student delivery are highlighted along with the now publicly available educator resources employed in this study for future implementation.
AS DIFERENTES REPRESENTAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS, DE FAMÍLIAS, DEFICIÊNCIAS E RELIGIÕES NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS
Authors: Da Silva Thiago  José , De Moraes Silvia Piedade 
Published: June 2022

O livro didático é um dos principais materiais didáticos. Muitas vezes é ele que define o currículo e determina o que ensinar e de que forma. Desvelar seus conteúdos é importante, pois formam noções, concepções, saberes e habilidades. Esse estudo qualitativo e documental teve como análise de conteúdo os livros didáticos adotados para o Ensino Fundamental, pautando-se não apenas pelo conteúdo explícito, mas a análise do currículo oculto e da invisibilidade de discursos. Destacou-se como objetivo geral compreender como são retratadas as diversidades familiar, religiosa, inclusiva e étnico-racial nos livros didáticos do Ensino Fundamental e como objetivos específicos - identificar as formas de retratação das diversidades, mapear boas experiências em livros e materiais didáticos que tratem da diversidade familiar, religiosa e étnico-racial e analisar os discursos encontrados nos livros didáticos sobre os temas. Os resultados da coleta foram organizados em quatro quadros e divididos por categorias: 1. Diversidade familiar; 2. Diversidade étnico-raciais; 3. Deficiências e; 4. Diversidade religiosa indicando a coleção, a disciplina, o ano e uma breve análise. Concluiu-se que os livros apresentam avanços e superam as barreiras inseridas na educação eurocêntrica e tradicional para trazer novos conceitos e desmistificar a visão de uma educação pautada nos interesses da classe dominante e conservadora. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo em que os livros apresentam avanço na representatividade, eles deixam de lado as discussões dos temas centralizados dentro desse agrupamento de pesquisa.
TRATAMENTO RESTAURADOR ATRAUMÁTICO EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Vicente da Silva Raquel , Gulão Maximiano da Silva Nicolly , Massao Miasato José , Alves Herdy da Silva Luciana , Chevitarese Leila , Cariús Tesch Ferreira Alves Flávia , Andrade Teixeira Diego de 
Published: June 2022

A doença cárie continua sendo um problema de saúde pública mundial, ocorrendo principalmente em lugares de difícil acesso. Para melhor atender pacientes nessas localidades se faz necessário outros tipos de estratégias, como a técnica do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (TRA), que foi criada em 1980, por Frencken, e que permite ao cirurgião dentista realizar a remoção do tecido cariado dentário em lugares remotos, sem a necessidade de energia elétrica para acionar os motores odontológicos, de forma minimamente invasiva e sem o uso da anestesia. O TRA, por parte do Sistema Único de Saúde, torna-se uma estratégia de promoção à saúde, sendo indicado para quase todos os pacientes, principalmente para crianças, idosos, grávidas e pacientes com necessidade especiais. O trabalho realizado tem como objetivo abordar através de revisão de literatura, aspectos da utilização da técnica do tratamento restaurador atraumático em odontopediatria.
Transformation of the music education system in Russia and China in the context of globalization and mediatization
Authors: Командышко Е.Ф. , Надолинская Т.В. 
Published: June 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена проблемой трансформации системы музыкального образования в контексте глобализации и медиатизации. Целью исследования является методологическое осмысление процесса музыкального образования в России и Китае. В качестве методологической основы представлена эстетико-философская концепция М.М. Бахтина, основанная на идее и интерпретации диалога как способа взаимодействия с явлениями и объектами культуры и искусства, а также показана значимость междисциплинарного диалога для становления систем музыкального образования разных стран. В статье выделены формы педагогического взаимодействия: вариативность тьюторского сопровождения; полихудожественный подход; расширение учебных программ; внедрение мультимедийных технологий; сохранение и развитие гуманистических традиций; визуализация учебной информации. Авторами осуществлен анализ влияния медиатизации на появление интерактивных и дистанционных форм обучения в цифровой среде. Дана содержательная характеристика цифровых компетенций педагога-музыканта, необходимых для осуществления инновационной деятельности в современном виртуальном образовательном пространстве.
The relevance of the article is due to the problem of the transformation of the music education system in the context of globalization and mediatization. The purpose of the study is a methodological understanding of the process of music education in Russia and China. As a methodological basis, M.M. Bakhtin's aesthetic and philosophical concept is presented, based on the idea and interpretation of dialogue as a way of interacting with phenomena and objects of culture and art, and the importance of interdisciplinary dialogue for the formation of musical education systems in different countries is shown. The article highlights the forms of pedagogical interaction: variability of tutor’s support; poly-artistic approach; expansion of curricula; introduction of multimedia technologies; preservation and development of humanistic traditions; visualization of educational information. The authors analyzed the influence of mediatization on the emergence of interactive and distance learning forms in the digital environment. A meaningful characteristic of the digital competencies of a teacher-musician necessary for the implementation of innovative activities in the modern virtual educational space is given.