bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Highly Selective Detection of Multiple Mutations of Exon 19 from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Single Tube Using the Colorimetric Assay
Authors: Wang Jianping , Pan Tengfei , Zhang Song 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Many closed-tube methods were designed for detecting DNA biomarkers related to personalized medicine, but DNA biomarkers is difficultly detected because it need be operated by well-trained experimenters with expensive experiment facilities in a laboratory. Methods: To overcome this issue, a colorimetric assay based on the aggreggation of gold nanoparticle-modified probes with hairpin probe have been designed to develop a simple and low-cost method capable of detecting different mutation sites. This method was composed of three steps: target amplification, sequence identification and gold nanoparticle-modified probes aggreggation, and the steps were controlled by the temperature to proceed sequentially in one tube without any manual operation. Results: No equipment required, about 10 copies of target DNA, containing seven hot mutations at the exon 19 of EGFR gene, could be sensitively discriminated by using this assay, and 0.1% mutants of EGFR gene in artificial samples could be selectively distinguished from wild-type genomic DNA. Application on detecting 104 clinical samples, including twenty-nine 19del positive, show consistent results with ARMS-PCR, excluding a weakly positive sample.Conclusions: The colorimetric assay was verified to have a higher specificity than ARMS-PCR, and provides an available tool to discriminate different mutations at the exon 19 of EGFR gene in clinical samples.
Short-hairpin RNA-mediated suppression of cortactin may inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of endometrial cancer cells by reducing lamellipodia
Authors: Lin Huisi , Fan Yujuan , Zhi Zhifu , Pang Lihong , Sun Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological tumors. The prognosis of EC is seriously affected by the degree of tissue infiltration and distant metastasis by tumor cells. Approximately 15–20% of patients are at high risk of distant metastasis, which carries a poor prognosis. Lamellipodia are related to the invasion and migration of tumor cells, and cortactin (CTTN) can regulate the formation of lamellipodia.
Methods
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were used to detect the mRNA and protein of Ras-associated C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and CTTN in type I endometrial cancer tissues and normal endometrial tissues. The relationship between the expression of the two genes and the prognostic factors was analyzed. The expression of CTTN in four endometrial cancer cell lines (Ishikawa, AN3CA, HEC-1-A, and HEC-1-B) was detected by quantitative PCR, and the two cell lines with the highest expression levels (HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B) were selected for follow-up study. A CTTN-RNA interference lentiviral system was constructed and transfected into HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B cells. The migration and invasion abilities of the cells in each group were evaluated by scratch assay and transwell migration and invasion assays. Pseudopodia formation was observed using immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect Rac1 protein expression.
Results
The mRNA and protein expression of Rac1 and CTTN in EC group were significantly higher than those in normal endometrial group (P < 0.05). In EC group, there was correlation between the mRNA and protein expression of Rac1 and CTTN. The protein expression of Rac1 was related to lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), myometrial invasion and FIGO stage (P < 0.05), but was not related to pelvic lymph node invasion or histologic grade (P > 0.05). The protein expression of CTTN was related to myometrial invasion and FIGO stage (P < 0.05), but was not related to pelvic lymph node invasion, LVSI or histologic grade (P > 0.05). After CTTN knockdown, the migration rate, invasion ability, and migration ability of HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B cells decreased significantly. A decrease in the number of lamellipodia, accompanied by a compensatory increase in the number of blebs, was also observed. Rac1 protein expression also decreased after CTTN knockdown.
Conclusion
CTTN may promote the invasion and migration abilities of EC by increasing the number of lamellipodia. This effect may be related to the regulation of Rac1 by CTTN.
CircASPH promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through methylation and expression of HAO2
Authors: Zhuo Han , Xia Jinguo , Tang Junwei , Han Sheng , Zheng Qitong , Zhu Deming , Zhang Feihong , Xu Zhenggang , Sun Dongwei , Tan Zhongming , Wu Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
CircRNAs have been reported to be related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Limited studies have revealed the expression profile of circRNAs in tumor and paratumour normal samples in HCC patients.
Methods
The expression of circRNAs, mRNA and miRNA was detected by Real-time PCR. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the level of 5mC and 5hmC. Dual luciferase assay was used to confirm the interaction between miRNA and circRNA. CCK8, wound healing and transwell assays were used to check the viability, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Migration and invasion assays was used to confirm the metastasis in vivo.
Results
We found that circASPH was significantly increased in HCC tumor samples and that the level of circASPH was closely related to the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Mechanistically, circASPH could regulate the methylation of promoter and gene expression of Hydrocyanic Oxidase 2 (HAO2) to promote HCC progression by acting as a sponge for miR-370, which targeted the DNMT3b and increased the 5mC level.
Conclusions
Our study determined that circASPH could promote the methylation and expression of HAO2 and could be considered an important epigenetic regulator in HCC progression.
Forests and Peace in alternative pathways: scenarios of land use and land cover change for the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Agudelo-Hz William J. , Castillo-Barrera Natalia , Murcia-García Uriel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, we constructed a set of scenarios for land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Colombian Amazon by 2040 using coherent narratives within the framework of the current, post-conflict stage. Three scenarios were designed: trend, extractivist, and sustainable development. The transitions between land covers in the years 2002 and 2016 and their relationship with 29 driving factors were analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks. The Markov model was calculated for the transitions, and the change allocation model was parameterized to spatially simulate the scenarios. The results showed that the LULC model calibration and validation were satisfactory (0.91). The sustainable development scenario considered strong policies for the conservation of forests and implementation of sustainable production projects to encourage the conversion of agricultural landscapes to multifunctional landscapes in recovery. As a result, areas with conserved forests and secondary vegetation in recovery could add ~ 42 million hectares by 2040. The other scenarios show that the Colombian Amazon will lose ~ 2 million hectares of forests in the trend scenario and ~ 4.3 million hectares in the extractivist scenario with respect to the reference year (2016). In the trend scenario, pastures and crops could increase by 48%, and, in the extractivist scenario, they would increase by 117%, going from ~ 3.9 to ~ 8.6 million hectares. We hope that the scientific contribution of this study will be relevant for informed discussion in decision-making and provide a framework for building a peaceful territory.
Hazard perception in driving style based on virtual reality technology
Authors: He Wu , Wang Xuan , Xu Cailian , Zheng Zijing , Mao Yan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to directly investigate the influence of driving style on hazards and to test the hazard perception of drivers with driving style variability in different scenarios. To achieve these goals, we use a VR system for simulation. In the experiment, we compare the hazard perception abilities of drivers with four driving styles (dangerous, angry, anxious, and cautious) in three different hazard conditions (lane change, pedestrian presence phenomenon, and U-turn). Participants ’ driving decisions and hazard perception behaviors were recorded simultaneously. The results show that (1) the VR technology provides a realistic representation of the hazard situation, and the participants were able to react more realistically. (2) Dangerous drivers had the weakest hazard perception, cautious drivers had the strongest hazard perception, and there was little difference in hazard perception of anxious and angry drivers. (3) Lane changing was the most hazard-prone scenario, and drivers ’ hazard perception was the weakest in this scenario, leading to an increased rate of traffic accidents. (4) Male drivers had stronger hazard perceptions than female drivers. The results of this study have important implications for road safety as targeted training can improve hazard perception based on driving style, and the study provides a new paradigm for detecting hazard perception ability.
An open label, randomized phase 2 trial assessing the impact of food on the tolerability of abemaciclib in patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Lim Elgene , Boyle Francis , Okera Meena , Loi Sherene , Goksu Sema Sezgin , Hal Gertjan van , Chapman Sonya C , Gable Jonathan , Chen Yanyun , Price Gregory , Hossein Anwar , Gainford Corona , Ezquerra Meritxell Bellet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Abemaciclib, a CDK4 & 6 inhibitor, is indicated for advanced breast cancer treatment. Diarrhea is a frequently associated adverse event of abemaciclib. The study objective was to investigate if food intake impacts local gastrointestinal toxicity.Methods: This Phase 2 study (I3Y-MC-JPCP, NCT03703466) randomized 72 patients 1:1:1 to receive abemaciclib 200mg monotherapy twice daily (1) with a meal, (2) in a modified fasting state or (3) without regard to food. Primary endpoints included: incidence of investigator assessed severe (≥Grade 3), prolonged (>7-days) Grade 2 diarrhea, treatment discontinuation, dose modifications, and loperamide utilization during the first 3 cycles of treatment. Patient outcomes were captured via a daily electronic diary. Pharmacokinetics (PK) are reported.Results: Median duration of Grade 3 diarrhea was 1 day by both investigator assessment (1 patient in Arm 1) and patient-reported assessment (1 patient each in Arms 1 and 3). Median duration of investigator-assessed Grade 2 diarrhea was 2 days overall. Ninety-four percent of patients used loperamide at least once. Abemaciclib PK was comparable across the 3 arms. Conclusion: Diarrhea incidence associated with abemaciclib was unrelated to timing of food intake, was predominantly low grade, of short duration and well managed with loperamide and dose modifications.
Engineering macrophage targeted punicalagin nanoparticles by computational modeling to alleviate methotrexate induced neutropenia
Authors: Karwasra Ritu , Ahmad Shaban , Raza Khalid , Khanna Kushagra , Singh Surender , Sharma Nitin , Sharma Shivkant , Hasan Nazeer , Kaushik Dhirender , Varma Saurabh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Punicalagin is the most bioactive polyphenols of pomegranate with high antioxidant, FRS activity. It has the potential to cure different ailments related to the CVS system. The current research work was envisioned to predict the targeting efficiency of punicalagin (PG) nanoparticles to the macrophages, more specifically to bone marrow macrophages. For this, we selected mannose decorated PLGA-punicalagin nanoparticles (Mn-PLGA-PG) and before formulating this nanocarrier in laboratory settings, we predict the targeting efficiency of this nanocarrier by in-silico analysis. Authors initiated in-silico analysis on macrophage mannose receptor to be acquainted with the binding affinity, the interaction of PG based nanocarrier (MnPLGA-PG) to this receptor. In-silico docking studies of macrophage mannose receptor and PG showed binding interaction on its surface with a docking score of -4.00. PG interacts with hydrogen bonds to the charged residue ASP668 and GLY666 and polar residue GLN760 residue of Mn receptor. Mannose with a docking score of -5.811 and interacting with four hydrogen bonds to the mannose receptor of macrophage with two negatively charged residues GLU706, GLU719 also with two hydrophobic residues VAL716, PHE708. And in PLGA, it showed a - 4.334 docking score and interacts with three hydrogen bonds, LYS739 (positively charged), HIS692 (polar), and LEU694 (hydrophobic)..In trajectory analysis, while stabilizing the structure till 100ns the complex RMSD of macrophage, Mn receptor-PG found within the range of 4.6 Å. Initial fluctuations in RMSD noticed to 4.95 Å at 20ns which started stabilizing after words with timescale. In the total of 100ns, initially up to 40ns the PG (ligand) deviated to 1.2Å. After 40ns, it was noted that the ligand RMSD was almost constant and started stabilizing with 1.03Å at 100ns. Findings depict that this nanocarrier could be a promising lead molecule to regulate the incidence of drug induced neutropenia.
Nutritional Yield and Composition of Spiny and Spineless Varieties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Forage Harvested at Four Phenological Stages
Authors: Ochoa-Espinoza Xochilt Militza , Reta-Sánchez David Guadalupe , Cano-Ríos Pedro , Sánchez-Duarte Juan Isidro , Ochoa-Martínez Esmeralda , García-Martínez José Eduardo , Reyes-González Arturo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Delaying harvesting in spineless safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) can increase dry matter (DM) yield, maintaining an acceptable nutritional composition.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare the forage potential of spineless safflower cultivars with that of spiny cultivars harvested in four phenological stages.

Methods:
The research was carried out during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cycles in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. Two spineless (CD868 and Selkino) and two spiny (Gila and Guayalejo) cultivars were evaluated. The phenological stages were: beginning of capitulum formation (E50), capitulum clearly separated from the younger leaves (E55), distinguishable medium and intermediate external bracts (E59), and beginning of flowering (E61). A randomized complete blocks design was used with four replications in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments.

Results:
No interactions were found between phenological stages and cultivars. The spineless cultivars showed better or equal nutritional composition when compared to spiny cultivars but with better forage in E50. Yields of DM and nutrients increased when harvesting was delayed from E50 to E61, maintaining an acceptable nutritional composition. The highest yields of DM (10816 kg ha-1), crude protein (CP) (2071 kg ha-1), net energy for lactation (NEL) (52978 MJ ha-1 DM), and digestible DM (6350 kg ha-1) occurred in E61.

Conclusion:
Spineless cultivars harvested at stage E61 increased the forage potential with regards to the spiny cultivars harvested in E55, which did not have fully developed spines, due to their higher yields of DM (58%), CP (29%), NEL (39%), and digestible DM (41%).
Design of Steel Exoskeleton Equipped with BRBs for Seismic Upgrading of RC Frames
Authors: Barbagallo Francesca , Bosco Melina , Licciardello Erika , Marino Edoardo M. , Rossi Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The main part of the Italian building stock was mainly erected between ‘70s and ‘80s of the previous century. Hence, existing RC buildings present structural deficiencies because were designed according to old standards and often only considering gravity loads.

Objective:
The goal is to evaluate the seismic performance of these structures and compare it to the minimum standards required by current legislation.

Methods:
To achieve this goal, first, a building with RC framed structure has been designed according to the codes and the practice in force at the time of construction. From this building two case study frames have been derived considering different mechanical properties of the concrete. Then, the addition to the existing RC building of a steel exoskeleton equipped with BRBs is proposed for seismic upgrading of these structures and the effects of this intervention on the seismic performance of the frames are investigated. A design method of seismic upgrading interventions by exoskeleton and BRBs is developed and applied to the two case study frames. The design method is calibrated determining the seismic response of the upgraded frames by means of non-linear dynamic analyses.

Results:
The parametric analysis allowed the identification of the combinations of the parameters that lead to the achievement of the performance objectives at Near Collapse and Significative Damage limit states. Both the frames designed according to this combination of design parameters show suitable seismic performance for both considered limit states.

Conclusion:
Finally, the combination of the parameters ruling the design method is determined as the most economical among those that allow the fulfilment of the requirements at NC and SD limit state.
How are Pharmacists using Telegram for Professional Purposes in the Arab World?
Authors: Abdullah Angham , Alanzi Turki , AL-Salman Deema , Al-Rayes Saja , Al-Fayez Asma , Alrawiai Sumaiah , Althumairi Arwa , Hariri Beyan , Alameri Rana , Alhodaib Hala 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The objective of this research was to explore how pharmacists in the Arab world are using Telegram for their professional purposes.

Participants and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate how pharmacists used Telegram for professional purposes in the Arab world. The survey questionnaire was distributed electronically to 391 participants and the response rate was 64%.

Results:
The majority of the participants (65%) were females, and 69% of them were less than 40 years old. Also, more than half of the respondents (63%) had a bachelor's degree, and 76% of them were working in clinical and operational jobs. 86% of the respondents had less than 20 years of experience, and 56% of the participants employed the Telegram platform for more than 1 hour weekly. Related to the use of Telegram, more than half of the participants (65%) used this social media for personal and professional purposes, and utilized this platform for several reasons: knowledge exchange (16%), education and new updates (14%), professional development (10%), networking (12%), health promotion (8%), and self-promotion (6%). Likewise, almost half of the respondents (49%) attended online courses and events announced on Telegram. According to the respondents, Telegram is a very and extremely important tool to improve knowledge about the profession (64%), reasoning (60%) and thinking skills (57%), problem-solving abilities (59%), creativity (62%), clinical and professional decision making (59%), patient outcomes (54%), and clinical expertise (56%).

Conclusion:
Telegram application has a potential and usefulness for the professional development and practical training of pharmacists.
Increase of the efficiency in hot gas welding by optimization of the gas flow
Authors: Schmid Johannes , Weißer Dennis F. , Mayer Dennis , Kroll Lothar , Deckert Matthias H. 
Published: March 2022

The standard hot gas welding process uses a nozzle system consisting of multiple round tubes. With the top nozzle system, the weld seam is encapsulated to minimize heat loss and allow better control of the hot gas flow. This significantly reduces the required heating time of the polymer. Temperature measurements and welding tests with plates of various thicknesses and burst pressure specimens are performed to verify the improvements of the top nozzle. For polyamides with different base polymers and different glass fiber contents, an average reduction in heating time of up to 50 % is possible on average. The achieved weld strengths or burst pressures for the tested materials are comparable or higher with the top nozzle system. The top nozzle makes the process more economical due to a short cycle time and lower gas consumption. It can be added to existing hot gas tools. In addition, a larger process window, shorter heating time and higher achievable temperatures with the top nozzle lead to a higher acceptance of hot gas welding in industries. New weld able materials in turn open up new application areas and markets.
Exploring Social Support in an Online Support Community for Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders: Analysis of Postings
Authors: Soós Mercédesz Judit , Coulson Neil S , Davies E Bethan 
Published: March 2022

Background
Online support communities have become an accessible way of gaining social, emotional, and informational support from peers and may be particularly useful for individuals with chronic conditions. To date, there have been few studies exploring the online support available for tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome. An exploratory study looking at users’ experiences with using online support communities for tic disorders suggested that members used such communities to share experiences, information, and strategies for tic management.

Objective
To build on these preliminary findings, this study examined the provision of social support in an online community for Tourette syndrome.

Methods
Data were collected from one publicly available online support community for Tourette syndrome and tics, from its inception to December 2019, by randomly selecting 10% of posts and their corresponding comments from each year for analysis. This resulted in 510 unique posts and 3802 comments posted from 1270 unique usernames. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
The findings of this study suggest that users utilized the online community as a multifaceted virtual place where they could share and ask for information about tics, unload and share their feelings arising from living with Tourette syndrome, find people facing similar situations and experiences, and freely share the realities of living with Tourette syndrome.

Conclusions
The results complement the findings from a preliminary study and suggest that online support communities have a potentially valuable role as a mechanism for sharing and gaining information on illness experiences from similar peers experiencing tics and can promote self-management of tics. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.