bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of specific metrics for automated evaluation of layout changeability
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Dannapfel Matthias , Hahn Viviane , Schulz-Isenbeck Timm 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManufacturing companies are facing a turbulent market environment. Challenges for these companies lie in balancing efficient, economical action with maintaining agility, responsiveness and competitiveness. Thus, it is becoming even more important that as much potential as possible is leveraged as early as the planning phase of a factory. Automated layout design with focus on changeability could help to increase the agility and responsiveness for the factories. Approaches for automated design and optimization of layout variants are already prevalent. Ultimately, the major challenge remains in the automation of the layout evaluation taking qualitative criteria in consideration. Burggräf et al. provide a first approach for the quantification of the qualitative layout evaluation criterion changeability through specific metrics. Within the scope of this work those metrics are examined with regard to their reliability. Anomalies or deviations in the evaluation results shall be identified and suggestions for improvement will be proposed based on the obtained insights.
Political Philosophy’s Methodological Moment and the Rise of Public Political Philosophy
Authors: Floyd Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolitical philosophy is having a methodological moment. Driven by long-standing frustrations at the fragmentation of our field, as well as recent urges to become more engaged with the ‘real’ world, there is now a boom in debates concerning the ‘true’ nature of our vocation. Yet how can this new work avoid simply recycling old rivalries under new labels? The key is to turn all this so-called methodological interest into a genuinely new programme of ‘methodology’, defined here as the careful identification and evaluation of all the different methods of reasoning available to us as political philosophers. This programme would clarify, for the first time, all the many ways in which we might argue with one another, thus making us less likely to talk past each another, and more likely to work fruitfully together.
Obeying Authority: Should We Trust Them or Not?
Authors: Walker Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearchers claim impartiality when conducting research and suggest their motives are to improve knowledge. However, when investigating the history of research into obedience to authority, propaganda and power-knowledge are present as well as emotional ties that affect the motives and methods of investigating these areas. With published work from US President Woodrow Wilson proposing obeying authority is necessary to functional societies and the Vatican displaying power-knowledge when censoring heliocentric views, it seems some researchers have ulterior motives. Although researchers like Piaget and Milgram appear to be more integral researchers, Piaget like many utilised observational methods that lack replicability, and Milgram’s family history with the events of the Holocaust pose additional issues. Therefore, considering the General Demarcation Problem, it is difficult to distinguish between science and pseudoscience, given all researchers will consider the research they conduct in the present day to be the correct way of doing so. However, adopting a critical mind as to who is conducting the research and the wider implications of who it serves and who it does not serve, would be beneficial for academia and wider society. This comes in a time where many reject the science of critical world issues such as COVID-19 and climate change.
Naïve Realism Face to Face with the Time Lag Argument
Authors: Bacchini Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNaïve realists traditionally reject the time lag argument by replying that we can be in a direct visual perceptual relation to temporally distant facts or objects. I first show that this answer entails that some visual perceptions—i.e., those that are direct relation between us and an external material object that has visually changed, or ceased to exist, during the time lag—should also count as illusions and hallucinations, respectively. I then examine the possible attempts by the naïve realist to tell such perceptions apart from illusions and hallucinations, and after showing the inadequacy of the answers relying on a mere counterfactual or causal criterion, I explain why the problem is solved by introducing a view of visual perception as temporally extended into the past of objects and, in particular, as consisting in the whole causal chain of events or states of affairs going from external material objectxto subjectS. But this solution is not immune from defects for the naïve realist. I show that this view of perception raises a number of significant concerns, hence leaving the issue of the time lag problem still open for naïve realism.
The Prescribed Chern Scalar Curvature Problem
Authors: Fusi Elia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper is an attempt to resolve the prescribed Chern scalar curvature problem. We look for solutions within the conformal class of a fixed Hermitian metric. We divide the problem in three cases, according to the sign of the Gauduchon degree, that we analyse separately. In the case where the Gauduchon degree is negative, we prove that every non-identically zero and non-positive function is the Chern scalar curvature of a unique metric conformal to the fixed one. Moreover, if there exists a balanced metric with zero Chern scalar curvature, we prove that every smooth function changing sign with negative mean value is the Chern scalar curvature of a metric conformal to the balanced one.
Advancements in extrusion and drawing: a review of the contributes by the ESAFORM community
Authors: Donati Lorenzo , Reggiani Barbara , Pelaccia Riccardo , Negozio Marco , Di Donato Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present review paper would celebrate the 25 years anniversary of the ESAFORM association by summarizing the studies performed by the delegates of the ESAFORM conference series within mini-symposium “Extrusion and Drawing” and of the papers published in the International Journal of Material Forming in the same fields. The 160 analyzed papers have been divided in four main categories corresponding to the paper main chapters (Hot Metal Extrusion, Cold Metal Extrusion, Polymer Extrusion and Drawing) then further divided in sub-chapters in order to group them in more specific research subjects. The aim of this review paper is then to provide to the reader a complete overview of the investigated topics and of the research trends over the years within the ESAFORM associate researchers.
Plasticity evolution of an aluminum-magnesium alloy under abrupt strain path changes
Authors: Lian Junhe , Liu Wenqi , Gastañares Xabier , Juan Rongfei , Mendiguren Joseba 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the forming and manufacturing of engineering materials, plasticity behavior could be evolving significantly due to complex deformation history. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the plasticity evolution of an aluminum-magnesium alloy under simple monotonic and non-monotonic loading with abrupt strain path changes. Instead of focusing only on one single stress state in the first-step loading for most of the studies in the literature, the current non-monotonic strain path testing program investigates three stress states – uniaxial, plane-strain, and biaxial tension – in the first-step loading and combines them with a second-step uniaxial loading along and orthogonal to the initial loading direction. This combination generates non-monotonic stress–strain data in a quite large and distributed spectrum in terms of the Schmitt parameter. It is found that the aluminum-magnesium alloy shows a unique phenomenon with a lower yield strength at reloading compared to monotonic cases coupled with a steady increase of stress overshooting the monotonic one at large strains. This increase of stress as well as the strain hardening rate lasts till the uniform strain and is therefore referred to as permanent hardening. The comprehensive non-monotonic behavior delivered by the new experimental program in this study could further assist the development of material models and an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Radiologists’ Usage of Diagnostic AI Systems
Authors: Jussupow Ekaterina , Spohrer Kai , Heinzl Armin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile diagnostic AI systems are implemented in medical practice, it is still unclear how physicians embed them in diagnostic decision making. This study examines how radiologists come to use diagnostic AI systems in different ways and what role AI assessments play in this process if they confirm or disconfirm radiologists’ own judgment. The study draws on rich qualitative data from a revelatory case study of an AI system for stroke diagnosis at a University Hospital to elaborate how three sensemaking processes revolve around confirming and disconfirming AI assessments. Through context-specific sensedemanding, sensegiving, and sensebreaking, radiologists develop distinct usage patterns of AI systems. The study reveals that diagnostic self-efficacy influences which of the three sensemaking processes radiologists engage in. In deriving six propositions, the account of sensemaking and usage of diagnostic AI systems in medical practice paves the way for future research.
Inertial stochastic PALM and applications in machine learning
Authors: Hertrich Johannes , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInertial algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth and nonconvex functions as the inertial proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm (iPALM) have demonstrated their superiority with respect to computation time over their non inertial variants. In many problems in imaging and machine learning, the objective functions have a special form involving huge data which encourage the application of stochastic algorithms. While algorithms based on stochastic gradient descent are still used in the majority of applications, recently also stochastic algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth and nonconvex functions were proposed. In this paper, we derive an inertial variant of a stochastic PALM algorithm with variance-reduced gradient estimator, called iSPALM, and prove linear convergence of the algorithm under certain assumptions. Our inertial approach can be seen as generalization of momentum methods widely used to speed up and stabilize optimization algorithms, in particular in machine learning, to nonsmooth problems. Numerical experiments for learning the weights of a so-called proximal neural network and the parameters of Student-tmixture models show that our new algorithm outperforms both stochastic PALM and its deterministic counterparts.
What is the Difference between Weakness of Will and Compulsion?
Authors: GORMAN AUGUST 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrthodoxy holds that the difference between weakness of will and compulsion is a matter of the resistibility of an agent's effective motivation, which makes control-based views of agency especially well equipped to distinguish blameworthy weak-willed acts from non-blameworthy compulsive acts. I defend an alternative view that the difference between weakness and compulsion instead lies in the fact that agents would upon reflection give some conative weight to acting on their weak-willed desires for some aim other than to extinguish them, but not to their compulsive desires. This view allows identificationist theorists of moral responsibility to explain why weak-willed actions, but not compulsive actions, are attributable to agents such that they can, in theory, be praised or blamed for them. After motivating and presenting the view in detail, I show how it has unique resources for explaining the ethics of managing one's compulsions.
Dissemination and implementation science resources, training, and scientific activities provided through CTSA programs nationally: Opportunities to advance D&I research and training capacity
Authors: Shelton Rachel C. , Dolor Rowena J. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Baumann Ana , Rohweder Catherine , Patel Sapana , Baldwin Laura-Mae 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs are well-positioned to advance dissemination and implementation (D&I) research and training capacity nationally, though little is known about what D&I research support and services CTSAs provide. To address this gap, the CTSA Dissemination, Implementation, and Knowledge Transfer Working Group conducted an environmental scan of CTSAs (2017–2018).

Methods:
Of 67 CTSA institutions, we contacted 43 that previously reported delivering D&I research services. D&I experts from these institutions were emailed a survey assessing D&I resources, services, training, and scientific projects. Responses were categorized and double-coded by study authors using a content analysis approach.

Results:
Thirty-five of the 43 D&I experts (81.4%) responded. Challenges to CTSAs in developing and supporting D&I science activities were related to inadequate D&I science workforce (45.7%) and lack of understanding of D&I science (25.7%). Services provided included consultation/mentoring programs (68%), pilot funding/grants (50%), and workshops/seminars/conferences (46%). Training and workforce development in D&I were frequently identified as future priorities. Recommendations included increase training to meet demand (68.6%), accessible D&I tools/resources (34.3%), greater visibility/awareness of D&I methods (34.3%), consultation services (22.9%), and expand D&I science workforce (22.9%).

Conclusions:
CTSAs have tremendous potential to support the advancement and impact of D&I science across the translational continuum. Despite the growing presence of D&I science in CTSAs, continued commitment and prioritization are needed from CTSA and institutional leadership to raise awareness of D&I science and its value, meet training demands, and develop necessary infrastructure for conducting D&I science.
Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia
Authors: Bjørn Rasmus G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoanword analysis is a unique contribution of historical linguistics to our understanding of prehistoric cultural interfaces. As language reflects the lives of its speakers, the substantiation of loanwords draws on the composite evidence from linguistic as well as auxiliary data from archaeology and genetics through triangulation. The Bronze Age of Central Asia is in principle linguistically mute, but a host of recent independent observations that tie languages, cultures and genetics together in various ways invites a comprehensive reassessment of six highly diagnostic loanwords (‘seven’, ‘name/fame’, ‘sister-in-law’, ‘honey’, ‘metal’ and ‘horse’) that are associated with the Bronze Age. Moreover, they are shared between Indo-European, Uralic, Turkic and sometimes Old Chinese. The successful identification of the interfaces for these loanwords can help settle longstanding debates on languages, migrations and the items themselves. Each item is analysed using the comparative method with reference to the archaeological record to assess the plausibility of a transfer. I argue that the six items can be dated to have entered Central and East Asian languages from immigrant Indo-European languages spoken in the Afanasievo and Andronovo cultures, including a novel source for the ‘horse’ in Old Chinese.
Repositioning anticancer drugs as novel COVID-19 antivirals: targeting structural and functional similarities between viral proteins and cancer
Authors: Low Zheng Yao , Yip Ashley Jia Wen , Lal Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic contributed by the SARS-CoV-2 has put in place an urgent need for new and promising antiviral therapeutics. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme plays a vital role in viral replication for all RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, thereby making it a prime and promising candidate for novel antiviral targeting. Interestingly, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a common catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme in many cancers, has also been identified with structural and functional similarities to the viral RdRp. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate and consider anticancer drugs that target hTERT towards antiviral RdRp activity, and vice versa. For instance, Floxuridine, an hTERT inhibitor, and VX-222, a hepatitis C virus RdRp inhibitor, are now gaining recognition as a potential antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-hTERT for cancer, simultaneously. While limited studies on hTERT inhibitors for use as viral RdRp, and anti-RdRp inhibitors as hTERT inhibitors are available, in this review, we aim at bringing to light this close structural and functional relationship between both these enzymes. We punctuate this idea with specific examples on how potential anticancer inhibitors can effectively be brought to use as inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a relatively new pathogen, compared to the very well-studied field of cancer research.
Disjointness for measurably distal group actions and applications
Authors: MOREIRA JOEL , RICHTER FLORIAN K. , ROBERTSON DONALD 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe generalize Berg’s notion of quasi-disjointness to actions of countable groups and prove that every measurably distal system is quasi-disjoint from every measure-preserving system. As a corollary, we obtain easy to check necessary and sufficient conditions for two systems to be disjoint, provided one of them is measurably distal. We also obtain a Wiener–Wintner-type theorem for countable amenable groups with distal weights and applications to weighted multiple ergodic averages and multiple recurrence.
Thomas Kuhn, Hyperbole, and the Ashtray: Evidence of Morris’ Faulty Memory
Authors: Wray K. Brad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractErrol Morris has claimed that Kuhn threw an ashtray at him during a dispute about some matter in the history of science. Morris also claims that Kuhn threw him out of the graduate program at Princeton for disagreeing with him. I argue that Morris’s attack on Kuhn contains some degree of hyperbole. Further, I present evidence that shows that Morris is mistaken about key events during this period. In fact, Kuhn was supportive of Morris in his pursuit of a career in the history of science.
Two new genera (Paraeperopeus and Dentimelita) and four new deep-sea amphipod crustacean species of little-known genera (Neohela, Pardaliscella, Pardaliscoides and Tosilus) from the Perdido Fold Belt, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Paz-Ríos Carlos E. , Pech Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo new genera and six new species of benthic amphipods from the soft sediments of the Perdido Fold Belt region, western Gulf of Mexico, are described. Morphological comparisons of the new species with description of their congeners resulted in the determination of one new genus and one new species of the family Melitidae as Dentimelita lecroyae gen. nov., sp. nov., one new genus and four new species of the family Pardaliscidae as Pardaliscella perdido sp. nov., Paraeperopeus longirostris gen. nov., sp. nov., Pardaliscoides ecosur sp. nov. and Tosilus cigomensis sp. nov., and one new species of the family Unciolidae as Neohela winfieldi sp. nov. The occurrence of the newly described amphipods in the Perdido Fold Belt region represented new geographic range extensions for the genera, including new records of Neohela in the Gulf of Mexico, Pardaliscella and Pardaliscoides in the western Atlantic and Tosilus in the Atlantic.
Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general male population
Authors: Stensen Dina B. , Småbrekke Lars , Olsen Karina , Grimnes Guri , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Ericson Johanna U. , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Almås Bjørg , Furberg Anne-Sofie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Male sex is associated with higher risk of both colonisation and infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the role of sex-steroids in colonisation among men is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between circulating sex-steroids and nasal carriage of S. aureus in a general male population. The population-based Tromsø6 study (2007–2008) included 752 males aged 31–87 years with serum sex-steroids measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and two nasal swab samples for the assessment of S. aureus carriage. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to study the association between sex-steroid concentrations and S. aureus persistent nasal carriage (two positive swabs vs. others), while adjusting for potential confounding factors.
S. aureus persistent nasal carriage prevalence was 32%. Among men aged 55 years and above (median age 65 years), there was an inverse dose-response relationship between serum concentration of testosterone and persistent nasal carriage, and carriers had significantly lower mean levels of testosterone (P = 0.028, OR = 0.94 per nmol/l change in testosterone; 95% CI = 0.90–0.98). This association was attenuated when adjusting for body mass index and age (OR = 0.96 per nmol/l change in testosterone; 95% CI = 0.91–1.01). There was no association in the total population. This large population-based study suggests that testosterone levels may be inversely related to S. aureus persistent nasal carriage in older men. Future studies addressing biological mechanisms underlying the male predisposition to S. aureus colonisation and infection may foster preventive interventions that take sex-differences into account.
The utility of a structured, interactive cardiac anatomy teaching session for resident education
Authors: Kukulski Jacquelyn , Rausa Jacqueline , Weld Julia , Jaji Amina , Ikeda Nobuyuki , Lee Brian , Thomas Lisha , Anderson Robert H. , Loomba Rohit S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Paediatric residents are often taught cardiac anatomy with two-dimensional images of heart specimens, or via imaging such as echocardiography or computed tomography. This study aimed to determine if the use of a structured, interactive, teaching session using heart specimens with CHD would be effective in teaching the concepts of cardiac anatomy.Methods:The interest amongst paediatric residents of a cardiac anatomy session using heart specimens was assessed initially by circulating a survey. Next, four major cardiac lesions were identified to be of interest: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition. A list of key structures and anatomic concepts for these lesions was developed, and appropriate specimens demonstrating these features were identified by a cardiac morphologist. A structured, interactive, teaching session was then held with the paediatric residents using the cardiac specimens. The same 10-question assessment was administered at the beginning and end of the session.Results:The initial survey demonstrated that all the paediatric residents had an interest in a cardiac anatomy teaching session. A total of 24 participated in the 2-hour session. The median pre-test score was 45%, compared to a median post-test score of 90% (p < 0.01). All paediatric residents who completed a post-session survey indicated that the session was a good use of educational time and contributed to increasing their knowledge base. They expressed great interest in future sessions.Conclusion:A 2-hour hands-on cardiac anatomy teaching session using cardiac specimens can successfully highlight key anatomic concepts for paediatric residents.