bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral temperature gradient screening of high-Z impurities in optimised ‘hybrid’ scenario H-mode plasmas in JET-ILW
Authors: Field A.R. , Casson F.J. , Fajardo D. , Angioni C. , Challis C.D. , Hobirk J. , Kappatou A. , Kim Hyun-Tae , Lerche E. , Loarte A. , Mailloux J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Screening of high-Z (W) impurities from the confined plasma by the temperature gradient at the plasma periphery of fusion-grade H-mode plasmas has been demonstrated in the JET-ILW (ITER-like wall) tokamak. Through careful optimisation of the hybrid-scenario, deuterium plasmas with sufficient heating power (

≳

32 MW), high enough ion temperature gradients at the H-mode pedestal top can be achieved for the collisional, neo-classical convection of the W impurities to be directed outwards, expelling them from the confined plasma. Measurements of the W impurity fluxes between and during edge-localised modes (ELMs) based on fast bolometry measurements show that in such plasmas there is a net efflux (loss) between ELMs but that ELMs often allow some W back into the confined plasma. Provided steady, high-power heating is maintained, this mechanism allows such plasmas to sustain high performance, with an average D–D neutron rate of

∼

3.2
×

10

16

s−1 over a period of ∼3 s, after an initial overshoot (equivalent to a D–T fusion power of ∼9.4 MW), without an uncontrolled rise in W impurity radiation, giving added confidence that impurity screening by the pedestal may also occur in ITER, as has previously been predicted (Dux et al 2017 Nucl. Mater. Energy
12 28–35).
The Cross-Sectional Association of Sleep Disturbance and Sleep Apnea With Complex Multimorbidity Among Chinese and Korean Americans
Authors: Ryu Soomin , Morey Brittany N , Lee Grace E , Kawachi Ichiro , Redline Susan , Lee Sunmin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new concept called complex multimorbidity provides a more reliable measure of disease burden than multimorbidity based on a simple count of diseases, by categorizing diseases according to the body system they affect. This study examined associations between sleep measures and complex multimorbidity among Chinese and Korean Americans in the Baltimore–Washington DC Metropolitan Area, using cross-sectional data (n = 400) from the Screening to Prevent Colorectal Cancer study (2018–2020). Sleep disturbance was measured using the 8-item Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance scale and sleep apnea risk was assessed using the Berlin questionnaire. Complex multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of 3 or more of body system disorders assessed by self-report of physician-diagnosed diseases. Poisson regression models with adjustments indicated that individuals with sleep disturbance had 2.15 times the prevalence of having complex multimorbidity (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 4.29). Individuals with a high risk of sleep apnea had 1.19 times the prevalence of having complex multimorbidity (95% CI: 0.47, 3.01). These findings suggest a need for interventions to increase awareness of the importance of sleep among health-care providers and the public and to educate them about causes, signs, and treatment of sleep disturbance and sleep apnea.
Technical Dissonance in Home Blood Pressure Monitoring After Stroke: Having the Machine, but Not Using Correctly
Authors: Forman Rachel , Viscoli Catherine M , Meurer Katherine , Sheth Kevin N , Sansing Lauren H , de Havenon Adam , Sharma Richa , Mariscal Melissa , Kernan Walter N 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn individuals with hypertension (HTN), lowering blood pressure (BP) after a stroke can lower the risk of stroke recurrence, but many patients do not reach the goal. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) can help patients get to the goal, but rates of use and quality of technique have not been evaluated.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with stroke. Patients were eligible if they had a stroke within 2 years, had HTN, and lived at home. We classified patients as correctly performing HBPM if they used an arm cuff, sat ≥ 1 min before measurement, took ≥ 2 measurements, and use within 6 months. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had an HBPM and used it correctly, which we calculated according to race and ethnicity. We also asked patients what they would do if they found results outside the goal.ResultsAmong 150 participants, 120 (81%) possessed an HBPM and 29 (21%) used it correctly. We observed no significant disparity in rates of possession or correct use between non-Hispanic White participants and participants from underrepresented groups. Seventy percent of non-Hispanic White patients said they would contact their provider if their BP was above goal vs. 52% of underrepresented patients (P = 0.21).ConclusionsMost patients after stroke have an HBPM, but only about 1 in 5 use it correctly. Approximately half of the patients from underrepresented racial or ethnic groups do not have a plan for responding to the values above goal. Our results indicate opportunities to improve the dissemination and correct use of HBPM.
Prognostic Implication of Admission Mean and Pulse Pressure in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Different Phenotypes
Authors: Chen Chen , Chen Xuwei , Chen Shilan , Wu Yuzhong , He Xin , Zhao Jingjing , Li Bin , He Jiangui , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen , Wei Fang-Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unknown whether admission mean (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) pressure are associated with short- and long-term mortality in Chinese patients with heart failure with preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmrEF), and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction.MethodsIn 2,706 acute decompensated heart failure (HF) patients, we assessed the risk of 30-day, 1-year, and long-term (&gt;1 year) mortality with 1-SD increment in MAP and PP, using multivariable logistic and Cox regression, respectively.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 1,341 patients died. The 30-day, 1-year, and long-term mortality were 3.5%, 16.7%, and 39.4%, respectively. A lower MAP was associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality in women (P = 0.023) and a higher risk of 30-day and 1-year mortality in men (P ≤ 0.006), while higher PP predicted long-term mortality in men (P ≤ 0.014) with no relationship observed in women. In adjusted analyses additionally accounted for PP, 1-SD increment in MAP was associated with 30-day mortality in HFpEF (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92; P = 0.018), with 1-year mortality in HFmrEF (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and HFrEF (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.72; P &lt; 0.001). In the adjusted model additionally accounted for MAP, 1-SD increment in PP was associated with long-term mortality in HFpEF (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.28; P = 0.003).ConclusionsA lower MAP was associated with a higher risk of short-term mortality in all HF subtypes, while a higher PP predicted a higher risk of long-term mortality in men and in HFpEF. Our observations highlight the clinical importance of admission blood pressure for risk stratification in HF subtypes.
Chemical andin vitrobiological formation of octahydrocurcumin stereoisomers, andin vitroactivity of raceme andmeso-octahydrocurcumin
Authors: Niwa Toshio , Kato Yoji , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe PtO2-catalyzed hydrogenation of curcumin produced slightly predominant meso-octahydrocurcumin than raceme octahydrocurcumin. Similar result was found in the product obtained from tetrahydrocurcumin and NaBH4, whereas using palladium carbon as a catalyst increased the meso-octahydrocurcumin ratio. Compared with chemical methods, baker's yeast produced 3S,5S-octahydrocurcumin and meso-octahydrocurcumin from tetrahydrocurcumin. The different activity between raceme and meso-octahydrocurcumin was not found in our experiments.
The COMER web server for protein analysis by homology
Authors: Dapkūnas Justas , Margelevičius Mindaugas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Summary
Sequence homology is a basic concept in protein evolution, structure and function studies. However, there are not many different tools and services for homology searches being sensitive, accurate and fast at the same time. We present a new web server for protein analysis based on COMER2, a sequence alignment and homology search method that exhibits these characteristics. COMER2 has been upgraded since its last publication to improve its alignment quality and ease of use. We demonstrate how the user can benefit from using it by providing examples of extensive annotation of proteins of unknown function. Among the distinctive features of the web server is the user’s ability to submit multiple queries with one click of a button. This and other features allow for transparently running homology searches—in a command-line, programmatic or graphical environment—across multiple databases with multiple queries. They also promote extensive simultaneous protein analysis at the sequence, structure and function levels.

Availability and implementation
The COMER web server is available at https://bioinformatics.lt/comer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SoK: cross-border criminal investigations and digital evidence
Authors: Casino Fran , Pina Claudia , López-Aguilar Pablo , Batista Edgar , Solanas Agusti , Patsakis Constantinos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Digital evidence underpin the majority of crimes as their analysis is an integral part of almost every criminal investigation. Even if we temporarily disregard the numerous challenges in the collection and analysis of digital evidence, the exchange of the evidence among the different stakeholders has many thorny issues. Of specific interest are cross-border criminal investigations as the complexity is significantly high due to the heterogeneity of legal frameworks, which beyond time bottlenecks can also become prohibiting. The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of practice of cross-border investigations considering the efficacy of current collaboration protocols along with the challenges and drawbacks to be overcome. Further to performing a legally oriented research treatise, we recall all the challenges raised in the literature and discuss them from a more practical yet global perspective. Thus, this article paves the way to enabling practitioners and stakeholders to leverage horizontal strategies to fill in the identified gaps timely and accurately.
Associations Between Deaf/Hard of Hearing and Social Participation Among Older Americans
Authors: Cheung Ethan Siu Leung , Zhang Zhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between self-reported deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) and informal and formal social participation among Americans aged 65 or older and how their family resources, health, and community social capital may partially account for these associations. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, multiple logistic regressions were conducted to test the research questions. Results revealed that older adults who were D/HH had significantly lower odds of attending recreational and clubs and organized activities. Family resources and health significantly explained the disparity for all types of social participation, whereas community social capital contributed more to the disparity in religious service attendance. Findings provide important intervention directions to reduce the disparity in late-life social participation as a result of experiencing D/HH.
540 RAGHIB SYNDROME WITH VERY LATE CLINICAL PRESENTATION.
Authors: Frecentese Francesca , Scatteia Alessandra , Pascale Carmine Emanuele , Russo Giuseppe , Carlomagno Guido , Paolillo Stefania , Librera Mariateresa , Dellegrottaglie Santo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 72-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema and permanent atrial fibrillation was admitted to our emergency department with signs and symptoms of heart failure (NYHA class III). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed dilatation of both right and left atria, dilatation and systolic dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) and severe pulmonary hypertension. Combined severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was also noted and, after clinical stabilization, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed to better assess valvular anatomy and function. TEE revealed clear evidence of a pre-tricuspid left-to-right shunt with signs of significant RV volume overload, but with difficulties in defining the characteristics of a suspected atrial septal defect (ASD). CMR confirmed the presence of a large coronary sinus ASD (Panel A) as responsible for a significant left-to-right shunt (Qp/Qs ∼ 3,5, measured by phase-contrast imaging after correcting for the combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation; Panel B), as well as severe RV dilatation and dysfunction. Pulmonary venous drainage was normal. Persistent left superior vena cava (SVC; Panel C) draining directly into the left atrium (LA) and a completely unroofed coronary sinus were unveiled.
The extremely rare combination of an unroofed coronary sinus with abnormal systemic venous drainage from double SVC circulation (usually as a persistent left SVC) is also known as Raghib syndrome (or Raghib complex). In the ASD with completely unroofed coronary sinus there is no common wall separating the coronary sinus from the LA, making the depiction of the shunt anatomy particularly difficult to assess with echocardiography. When unrecognized in the perinatal age, clinical natural course of Raghib syndrome can vary based on the severity of RV volume overload, and late (or very late) clinical presentations have been rarely reported. CMR, with its large field-of-view capability and multiparametric approach, provides accurate definition of cardiac and great vessels anatomy and function allowing the full non-invasive depiction of most congenital abnormalities. In many cases, multimodality imaging is the key to reach a full depiction of these complex conditions, particularly when adult patients with possible comorbidities need to be evaluated.
260 EFFICACY OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HEART FAILURE AND ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: La Porta Ylenia , Cavallari Ilaria , Maddaloni Ernesto , Appetecchia Alessandro , Grigioni Francesco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have demonstrated to reduce heart failure (HF) and renal outcomes irrespective of diabetes status. The cardiovascular efficacy and the mortality benefit of these agents in patients without HF and across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) are a matter of debate.

Methods
This study-level meta-analysis included 11 controlled randomized trials and 76,520 patients randomized to a SGLT-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin and sotagliflozin) or placebo in different clinical settings including diabetes, HF with reduced or preserved EF and chronic kidney disease. Data were stratified by history of HF, HF with reduced EF (≤40%), mid-range EF (40-49%) and preserved EF (≥50%). The incidence of the following outcomes, when available, was evaluated: HF composite outcome, defined as cardiovascular death or hospitalization/urgent visit for HF, its individual components and all-cause mortality. An additional sensitivity analysis tested the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with extremely reduced EF (≤30%).

Results
Overall, there were 22,653 patients with HF (33.8%) and 44,304 patients without HF (66.2%). In patients without history of HF, SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of HF outcomes (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.86) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.95). In patients with HF, a significant reduction in the composite of cardiovascular death and HF events was consistently observed in those with reduced EF (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65-0.78), mid-range EF (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57-0.81) and preserved EF (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.89; Figure). There was a significant reduction in all-cause mortality also in patients with HF treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.95).

Conclusions
SGLT-2 inhibitors demonstrated cardiovascular and mortality benefits irrespective from history of HF and across the spectrum of left ventricular EF.
Effects of climate-related risks and extreme events on health outcomes and health utilization of primary care in rural and remote areas: a scoping review
Authors: Dewi Sari Puspa , Kasim Rosny , Sutarsa I Nyoman , Hunter Arnagretta , Dykgraaf Sally Hall 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Rural populations are at risk of climate-related impacts due to ecological and geographical determinants, potentially leading to greater morbidity and health utilization. They are often highly dependent on primary care services. However, no rural- or primary care specific synthesis of these issues has ever been conducted. This review aimed to identify, characterize, and summarize existing research on the effects of climate-related events on utilization and health outcomes of primary care in rural and remote areas and identify related adaptation strategies used in primary care to climate-related events.

Methods
A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted, examining peer-reviewed English-language articles published up to 31 October 2022. Eligible papers were empirical studies conducted in primary care settings that involved climate-related events as exposures, and health outcomes or utilization as study outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted relevant information from selected papers. Data were analysed using content analysis and presented using a narrative approach.

Results
We screened 693 non-duplicate papers, of those, 60 papers were analysed. Climate-related events were categorized by type, with outcomes described in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary effects. Disruption of primary care often resulted from shortages in health resources. Primary care may be ill-prepared for climate-related events but has an important role in supporting the development of community.

Conclusions
Findings suggest various effects of climate-related events on primary care utilization and health outcomes in rural and remote areas. There is a need to prepare rural and remote primary care service before and after climate-related events.
Association Between Alcohol Use Disorders and Dementia in 262,703 Dementia-free Finnish Adults: Is Cardiovascular Disease a Mediator?
Authors: Hu Yaoyue , Korhonen Kaarina , Li Peng , Bobak Martin , Martikainen Pekka , Bijlsma Maarten J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The possible mediating role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the relationship between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and the risk of early-onset (&lt;age 65) and late-onset (≥age 65) dementia lacks formal investigation.

Methods
Using linked Finnish national register data, a population-based cohort study of 262,703 dementia-free Finnish men and women aged 40 + at baseline (December 31, 1999) was established. AUD and CVD in 1988–2014, and incident dementia in 2000–2014 were identified from Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and/or Drug Reimbursement Register. Causal association and mediation were assessed using mediational g-formula.

Results
AUD was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of early-onset dementia in both men (hazard ratio: 5.67, 95% confidence interval: 4.37–7.46) and women (6.13, 4.20–8.94) after adjustments for confounding; but the elevated risk for late-onset dementia was smaller (men: 2.01, 1.80–2.25; women: 2.03, 1.71–2.40). Mediational g-formula results showed that these associations were causal in men with no mediation by CVD as the virtually identical total effect of AUD (early-onset: 5.26, 3.48–7.48; late-onset: 2.01, 1.41–2.87) and direct effect of AUD (early-onset: 5.24, 3.38–7.64; late-onset: 2.19, 1.61–2.96) were found with no indirect effect via CVD. In women, the results were similar for late-onset dementia (total effect: 2.80, 1.70–4.31; direct effect: 2.92, 1.86–4.62) but underpowered for early-onset dementia.

Conclusion
AUD increased dementia risk, particularly the risk of early-onset dementia. This elevated risk of dementia associated with AUD was not mediated by CVD. Clinicians should consider the increased risk of dementia in the management of middle-aged and older adults with a history and/or current AUD.
Behavioral “nudges” in the electronic health record to reduce waste and misuse: 3 interventions
Authors: Grouse Carrie K , Waung Maggie W , Holmgren A Jay , Mongan John , Neinstein Aaron , Josephson S Andrew , Khanna Raman R 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectronic health records (EHRs) offer decision support in the form of alerts, which are often though not always interruptive. These alerts, though sometimes effective, can come at the cost of high cognitive burden and workflow disruption. Less well studied is the design of the EHR itself—the ordering provider’s “choice architecture”—which “nudges” users toward alternatives, sometimes unintentionally toward waste and misuse, but ideally intentionally toward better practice. We studied 3 different workflows at our institution where the existing choice architecture was potentially nudging providers toward erroneous decisions, waste, and misuse in the form of inappropriate laboratory work, incorrectly specified computerized tomographic imaging, and excessive benzodiazepine dosing for imaging-related sedation. We changed the architecture to nudge providers toward better practice and found that the 3 nudges were successful to varying degrees in reducing erroneous decision-making and mitigating waste and misuse.
Health-related quality of life by race, ethnicity, and country of origin among cancer survivors
Authors: Reeve Bryce B , Graves Kristi D , Lin Li , Potosky Arnold L , Ahn Jaeil , Henke Debra M , Pan Wei , Fall-Dickson Jane M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTypical cancer research studies of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the United States do not include country of origin when examining race and ethnic group differences. This population-based, cross-sectional study used an innovative methodology to examine how self-reported racial and ethnic groups, by country of origin, report differential HRQOL experiences after adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics, including socioeconomic status.MethodsRecruited from 4 cancer registries in California, Louisiana, and New Jersey, cancer survivors completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures of fatigue, pain interference, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, physical function, ability to participate in social roles, and cognitive function. Latent profile analysis clustered survivors in HRQOL clusters based on including all the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System domains.ResultsThe 5366 participants (60% female; 40% male; average age of 59.8 years) included 17% Asian, 18% Black, 21% Hispanic, and 41% White survivors. Survivors were grouped into 4 clusters: high HRQOL (26%), average HRQOL (34%), low HRQOL (29%), and very low HRQOL (11%). Among many differences by race, ethnicity, and country of origin, Caribbean cancer survivors were more likely to be in the very low HRQOL cluster (odds ratio = 2.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.31 to 5.43) compared with non-Hispanic White survivors. Similarly, American Indian and Alaska Native, Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican cancer survivors had relatively high percentages in the very low HRQOL cluster.ConclusionsThis study found statistically significant differences in HRQOL experience by race, ethnicity, and country of origin, even after adjusting for social determinants of health. These findings inform future HRQOL research to include these self-reported factors.