bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedicled superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap for male genital reconstruction: A case series
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifferent issues may cause defects in the genital region, including urological, infective, oncological and genetic problems which often lead to significant defects. This is a very delicate region and a successful coverage requires a thin, pliable and reliable solution. In this setting the SCIP flap might be an outstanding procedure. Despite being a well‐known solution in the groin region, its employment for genital reconstructions is still poorly described. For this reason, we gather our experience with this procedure showing the efficacy of the SCIP flap in this specific region.Patients and MethodsIn the present case series we included 6 male patients who received a soft tissue defect reconstruction by means of pedicled SCIP flap over the last year. The average age was 53.6 years old (range 34–79 years). Among them, 5 patients received a surgical excision because of severe acne (2 cases), Fournier's gangrene (2 cases), or scrotal squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). In 1 case the cause of the missing volume was testicle agenesis and the reconstruction was performed for cosmetic purposes. Size of the defects ranged from 7 cm × 4 cm to 20 cm × 6 cm. Elliptical shaped flaps were designed either mono‐ or bilaterally according to the need. All the flaps were supplied by the superficial branch of the SCIA. The range of rotation varied between 150° and 180° in order to reach the affected area.ResultsThe flaps' dimension ranged from 8 cm × 4 cm to 20 cm × 6 cm. All the patients were successfully treated. In 1 case we encountered a small wound dehiscence, which was managed conservatively. The mean follow‐up was 9.5 months (range 6–12 months). Good cosmetic result was achieved in all cases and no urinary or sexual dysfunctions were reported.ConclusionsThe pedicle SCIP flap represents a reliable solution for genital and inguinal defects reconstructions. Its versatility can be exploited throughout the region providing very good quality tissues that can be used for the most disparate situations.
Adherence to professional society guidelines among women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence
Authors: Pan Li‐Chen , Datar Manasi , McKinney Jessica L. , Keyser Laura E. , Goss Thomas F. , Pulliam Samantha J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe objective of this analysis was to describe longitudinal adherence with recommended urinary incontinence (UI) evaluation and treatment guidelines over a 2‐year period in patients newly diagnosed with stress (SUI) or mixed UI (MUI), and average 2‐year cost associated with initial treatment.MethodsA retrospective claims analysis using the IBM MarketScan database was conducted. Women diagnosed with SUI/MUI between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2016 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 codes for SUI or MUI. Newly diagnosed SUI/MUI patients who did not have a UI‐related diagnosis for at least 1 year before their index date were assessed.Results103 813 patients with newly diagnosed SUI or MUI were identified. Of those, 96.15% (99 821/103 813) received an initial evaluation in accordance with professional guidelines (e.g., patient history, physical examination, urinalysis). Only 6.8% (5086/74 925) and 7.7% (2229/28 888) of patients with SUI and MUI, respectively, received a first‐line behavioral treatment (e.g., pelvic floor muscle exercises, bladder training), according to guidelines. The 2‐year average UI‐related medical costs associated with guideline adherence for SUI were $5770.93 ± $9454.81 and for MUI, $4416.16 ± $7401.53. Nonadherence was observed in 59.2% (44 382/74 925) of SUI and 64.1% (18 530/28 888) of MUI patients. Two‐year average UI‐related medical costs for the nonadherent group were $8568.00 ± $11 275.52 for SUI and $6986.66 ± $10 765.55 for MUI, significantly more than the adherent group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe majority of SUI or MUI patients do not receive a documented behavioral intervention as their first‐line treatment, which is a recommendation by professional society guidelines. This was found to affect the cost burden for payers; those that were nonadherent had significantly higher costs 2‐year postindex.
Oxytocin treatment improves dexamethasone‐induced depression‐like symptoms associated with enhancement of hippocampal CREB‐BDNF signaling in female mice
Authors: Mori Masayoshi , Shizunaga Hiromi , Harada Hiroyoshi , Tajiri Yuki , Murata Yusuke , Terada Kazuki , Ohe Kenji , Enjoji Munechika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsChronic stress and glucocorticoid exposure are risk factors for depression. Oxytocin (OT) has been shown to have antistress and antidepressant‐like effects in male rodents. However, depression is twice as common in women than in men, and it remains unclear whether OT exerts antidepressant‐like effects in women with depression. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of chronic OT administration in a female mouse model of dexamethasone (DEX)‐induced depression.MethodsFemale C57BL/6J mice were administered saline (vehicle, s.c.), DEX (s.c.), or OT (i.p.) + DEX (s.c.) daily for 8 weeks, and then assessed for anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors. We also examined the hippocampal levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein (p‐CREB) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are important mediators of the response to antidepressants.ResultsSimultaneous OT treatment blocked the adverse effects of DEX on emotional behaviors. Furthermore, it upregulated p‐CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus.ConclusionOT may exert antidepressant‐like effects by activating hippocampal CREB‐BDNF signaling in a female mouse model of depression.
Inpatient care cost, duration, and acute complications associated with BMI in children and adults hospitalized for COVID‐19
Authors: Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Goodman Alyson B. , Wiltz Jennifer L. , Shrestha Sundar S. , Grosse Scott D. , Boehmer Tegan K. , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association of BMI with inpatient care cost, duration, and acute complications among patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 at 273 US hospitals.MethodsChildren (aged 2–17 years) and adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized for COVID‐19 during March 2020–July 2021 and with measured BMI in a large electronic administrative health care database were included. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association of BMI categories with the cost and duration of inpatient care.ResultsAmong 108,986 adults and 409 children hospitalized for COVID‐19, obesity prevalence was 53.4% and 45.0%, respectively. Among adults, overweight and obesity were associated with higher cost of care, and obesity was associated with longer hospital stays. Children with severe obesity had higher cost of care but not significantly longer hospital stays, compared with those with healthy weight. Children with severe obesity were 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.4–9.5) as likely to have invasive mechanical ventilation and 62% more likely to have an acute complication (95% CI: 39%–90%), compared with children with healthy weight.ConclusionsThese findings show that patients with a high BMI experience significant health care burden during inpatient COVID‐19 care.
‘Bunkering down’: How one community is tightening social‐ecological network structures in the face of global change
Authors: Barnes Michele L. , Jasny Lorien , Bauman Andrew , Ben Jon , Berardo Ramiro , Bodin Örjan , Cinner Joshua , Feary David A. , Guerrero Angela M. , Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Kuange John T. , Lau Jacqueline D. , Wang Peng , Zamborain‐Mason Jessica 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Complex networks of relationships among and between people and nature (social‐ecological networks) play an important role in sustainability; yet, we have limited empirical understanding of their temporal dynamics.

We empirically examine the evolution of a social‐ecological network in a common‐pool resource system faced with escalating social and environmental change over the past two decades.

We first draw on quantitative and qualitative data collected between 2002 and 2018 in a Papua New Guinean reef fishing community to provide contextual evidence regarding the extent of social and environmental change being experienced. We then develop a temporal multilevel exponential random graph model using complete social‐ecological network data, collected in 2016 and 2018, to test key hypotheses regarding how fishing households have adapted their social ties in this context of change given their relationships with reef resources (i.e. social‐ecological ties). Specifically, we hypothesized that households will increasingly form tight‐knit, bonding social and social‐ecological network structures (H1 and H3, respectively) with similar others (H2), and that they will seek out resourceful actors with specialized knowledge that can promote learning and spur innovation (H4).

Our results depict a community that is largely ‘bunkering down’ and looking inward in response to mounting risk to resource‐dependent livelihoods and a breakdown in the collaborative processes that traditionally sustained them. Community members are increasingly choosing to interact with others more like themselves (H2), with friends of friends (H1), and with those connected to interdependent ecological resources (H3)—in other words, they are showing a strong, increasing preference for forming bonding social‐ecological network structures and interacting with like‐minded, similar others. We did not find strong support for H4.

Bonding network structures may decrease the risk associated with unmonitored behaviour and help to build trust, thereby increasing the probability of sustaining cooperation over time. Yet, increasing homophily and bonding ties can stifle innovation, reducing the ability to adapt to changing conditions. It can also lead to clustering, creating fault lines in the network, which can negatively impact the community's ability to mobilize and agree on/enforce social norms, which are key for managing common resources.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Functional polymers for modeling the formation of biogenic calcium carbonate and the design of new materials
Authors: Danilovtseva Elena N. , Palshin Viktor A. , Strelova Mariya S. , Lopatina Irina N. , Kaneva Ekaterina V. , Zakharova Nataliya V. , Annenkov Vadim V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSkeletal elements of living organisms (bones, teeth, horns, frustules of diatomic algae, mollusk shells, sea urchin needles, and sponge spicules) are biogenic composite materials consisting of an inorganic part (calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica) and various organic compounds. The first step in the synthesis of these materials is the condensation of an inorganic precursor under the control of biopolymers capable of interacting with the growing inorganic particle. We studied formation of calcium carbonate in the presence of copolymers of acrylic acid, 1‐vinylimidazole and vinylamine. Some of the copolymers were new, so their acid–base properties were characterized. The polymers have an influence on the precipitation of CaCO3 in aqueous medium, and depending on the polymer structure and the polymer‐calcium ratio, composite precipitates or stable dispersions were obtained. Composite nanoparticles have a negative charge, and they can interact with polymer bases to form calcium‐organic composite materials. Calcium carbonate formation under the control of organic polymers is a chemical model of calcium skeletal growth in living nature. The resulting composites containing micrometer‐range CaCO3 particles are promising materials for the design of microstructured coatings with a high surface density of functional groups. Some of the polymers studied are not involved in the resulting material, but affect the morphology of CaCO3, forming particles in the micrometer range, which are promising as fillers for plastics.
Study on properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber filled with polyaniline compound silica
Authors: Wang Fanghui , Wang Huan , Wang Zhongying , Liu Dexin , Li Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization, and polyaniline‐silica (PANI‐SiO2) nanocomposites were prepared by precipitation method. A reinforced PANI‐SiO2/HNBR was obtained by filling the PANI‐SiO2 composites into hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR). The amino cations contained in acid‐doped PANI can electrostatically attract SiO32−, so that SiO2 can grow directly on the surface of PANI, thus reducing the agglomeration of silica and improving the mechanical properties of reinforced rubber. The effect of PANI and PANI‐SiO2 composites on mechanical properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber was studied. The results show that PANI improves the dispersion of SiO2 in HNBR. When the PANI‐SiO2 composite (PANI content of 2%) in PANI‐SiO2/HNBR is 30 phr, the filler network is the weakest, and the dispersion of filler is the best in rubber, the maximum tensile strength of PANI‐SiO2/HNBR is 30.31 MPa, which is 1.87 times that of SiO2/HNBR, the tear strength is 27.7 MPa, which is 129.4% of that of SiO2 reinforced packing with the same number of components. The hardness and elongation at break both increase. In addition, the permanent tensile deformation of PANI‐SiO2/HNBR is also reduced.
Grafting silica onto reduced graphene oxide via hydrosilylation for comprehensive rubber applications: Molecular simulation and experimental study
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cai Fei , Luo Yanlong , Yu Xiao , Wu Sizhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of multifunctional rubber composites and the dispersion of fillers are always a focus in the industrial field of tires. In this work, supported by predictions from molecular simulations, reduced graphene oxide grafted with silica (rGO‐g‐SiO2) is fabricated through hydrosilylation. Structural and morphological characterization shows that SiO2 is present at the rGO surface. rGO‐g‐SiO2 was subsequently applied to enhance the performance of solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites. As predicted from simulations, the mechanical and thermal properties of rGO‐g‐SiO2/SSBR are found to be improved due to an enhanced interfacial interaction and higher degree of phonon matching. In particular, with a 1.5% weight percentage of rGO, the reinforcing index and thermal conductivity of 1.5%‐rGO‐g‐SiO2/SSBR are found to be 168.7% and 114.0% higher than that for 1.5%‐rGO/SiO2/SSBR (physical mixture), respectively. The reinforced integrated performance is promising for the potential application of rGO‐g‐SiO2 as a filler for rubber composites.
Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Ekiz Erol , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J. , Ouwens Machteld A. , Van de Paar Jamie , Videler Arjan C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSystems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is a group treatment program for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The program was intended to be highly accessible, both for patients and therapists. During STEPPS, patients are taught emotion regulation and behavior management skills. This systematic review synthesizes the current empirical status of STEPPS, focusing on research designs, quality of studies, target groups, protocols, and outcome. We selected 20 studies, with three randomized controlled trials. Patients with BPD, subthreshold BPD, and patients with BPD and comorbid antisocial personality disorder were investigated. One study was conducted in adolescents. There were no studies in older adults. Results demonstrated STEPPS to be associated with reduced BPD symptoms, improved quality of life, decreased depressive symptoms, and decreased negative affectivity. Mixed results were found for impulsivity and suicidal behaviors. STEPPS has both been studied as an add‐on therapy to patients' ongoing treatment, and, with the addition of individual STEPPS sessions, as a stand‐alone treatment. High attrition rates were found in patients attending STEPPS, complicating the generalizability of the results. Although the evidence for STEPPS is promising, further research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Synergistic combination between starch and proteins in the synthesis of new acrylic/biopolymers hybrid latexes
Authors: Cabrera Sofía F. , Pighin Agustina , Chiana Martin L. , Passeggi Mario C. G. , Ruano Gustavo D. , Gugliotta Luis M. , Ronco Ludmila I. , Minari Roque J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present‐day environmental concerns and the decay in oil reserves have driven the efforts for developing novel eco‐friendly and biodegradable materials. In this context, the use of biopolymers to replace totally or partially petroleum‐derivative polymers is a promising alternative for reaching this aim. In this article, a new class of waterborne acrylic/biopolymers nanoparticles was produced by emulsion polymerization, studying the adequate combination of: (i) starch/zein bioparticles acting as seed for emulsion polymerization; (ii) casein, an amphiphilic protein with stabilization properties that avoids the use of synthetic surfactant; and (iii) a low Tg acrylic copolymer that provides film formation capability and controlled mechanical properties. Batch and semibatch polymerization strategies were explored with varied content of starch/zein bioparticles. Both methods allowed the formation of biphase hybrid nanoparticles with multilobular morphology, composed of starch/zein bioparticles as core and multisurrounding lobules of acrylic copolymer. However, the employed polymerization strategy influenced the compatibilization between the acrylic copolymer and the biopolymers phase, determining the hybrid film properties. Interestingly, clear and homogenous films were produced, which also showed an excellent performance to bond polar substrates, opening potential applications of these hybrid materials for coatings and adhesives.
Growth‐rate model predicts in vivo tumor response from in vitro data
Authors: Diegmiller Rocky , Salphati Laurent , Alicke Bruno , Wilson Timothy R. , Stout Thomas J. , Hafner Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA major challenge in oncology drug development is to elucidate why drugs that show promising results in cancer cell lines in vitro fail in mouse studies or human trials. One of the fundamental steps toward solving this problem is to better predict how in vitro potency translates into in vivo efficacy. A common approach to infer whether a model will respond in vivo is based on in vitro half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50), but yields limited quantitative comparison between cell lines and drugs, potentially because cell division and death rates differ between cell lines and in vivo models. Other methods based either on mechanistic modeling or machine learning require molecular insights or extensive training data, limiting their use for early drug development. To address these challenges, we propose a mathematical model integrating in vitro growth rate inhibition values with pharmacokinetic parameters to estimate in vivo drug response. Upon calibration with a drug‐specific factor, our model yields precise estimates of tumor growth rate inhibition for in vivo studies based on in vitro data. We then demonstrate how our model can be used to study dosing schedules and perform sensitivity analyses. In addition, it provides meaningful metrics to assess association with genotypes and guide clinical trial design. By relying on commonly collected data, our approach shows great promise for optimizing drug development, better characterizing the efficacy of novel molecules targeting proliferation, and identifying more robust biomarkers of sensitivity while limiting the number of in vivo experiments.
A drone‐based photometric measurement platform
Authors: Pizág Bertalan , Kacz Dániel , Nagy Balázs Vince 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe measurement and characterization of luminaires and lighting scenes is an important part of their design and evaluation process. These measurements often rely on special equipment and generally require manual labor. Our study investigates the possibility of automated lighting measurement using drones, a solution that is gaining popularity in various industrial applications. More precisely, we investigate the possibility of automating illuminance mapping and directional luminous intensity measurement. For this purpose, we present simple models to evaluate the effect of positioning errors on the measurements' performance. Based on these models, we outline the limitations of similar systems, why the lower hollow cone (~10–45°) is ideal for the measurement, and that major uncertainties arise at the height of the luminaire and directly underneath (or above) it. We compare the results to a proof‐of‐concept prototype device built using commercially available components, experimentally demonstrating our findings. Finally, based on the experiments, we provide guidelines and recommendations for the development of a device capable of in‐situ photometric measurement of luminaires.
Preparation of Core‐Shell Structured Magnetic Superhydrophilic Extractant for Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
Authors: Lv Xinyan , Jiao Shihui , Wei Zhonglin , Cui Canyu , Wang Wenwen , Tan Yumei , Pang Guangsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProtein phosphorylation regulates and controls protein activity and function, which is the most basic and important part in organisms’ lives. However, the low abundance and ionization inhibition of phosphopeptides make it difficult to understand and analyze the protein phosphorylation mechanism. In this study, we synthesize a core‐shell structured magnetic Ti4+‐based immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography material for highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. The introduction of negatively charged carbon layer increases the specific surface area and avoids loss of the immobilized Ti4+ during sample loading and washing. The synthesized magnetic superhydrophilic extractant is employed to separate and enrich phosphopeptides from standard protein digests coupled with MALDI‐TOF MS. It exhibits excellent enrichment performance of high selectivity (1 : 2000 molar ratio of β‐casein and BSA), sensitivity (low detection limit of 4 fmol) and preferable reusability (at least 12 times) as well as excellent adsorption capacity of 142.5 mg ⋅ g−1 and high recovery rate of 85.6 %. Moreover, sixteen phosphopeptides and four endogenous phosphopeptides can be accurately identified from non‐fat milk and human serum, further indicating the great potential and bright application in phosphoproteomics analysis.