bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining fine‐scaled population structure among continuously distributed populations
Authors: O'Donnell Michael S. , Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Heinrichs Julie A. , Monroe Adrian P. , Coates Peter S. , Prochazka Brian G. , Hanser Steve E. , Wiechman Lief A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Understanding wildlife population structure and connectivity can help managers identify conservation strategies, as structure can facilitate the study of population changes and habitat connectivity can provide information on dispersal and biodiversity. To facilitate the use of wildlife monitoring data for improved adaptive management, we developed a novel approach to define hierarchical tiers (multiple scales) of population structure.

We defined population structure by combining graph theory with biological inference about dispersal capability (based on movement, gene flow, and habitat condition) and functional processes affecting movement (e.g. habitat selection across scales of landscape preferences). First, we developed least‐cost paths between high fidelity sites (habitat patches) using a cost surface, informed from functional processes of habitat characteristics to account for resistance of inter‐patch movements. Second, we combined the paths into a multi‐path graph construct. Third, we used information on potential connectivity (dispersal distances) and functional connectivity (permeability of fragmented landscapes based on selection preferences) to decompose the graph into hierarchical tiers of connected subpopulations, denoting the degree that dispersal affected population structure.

As a case study, we applied our approach across the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) range, a species of conservation concern in western United States. We described the relative importance of local populations and where to potentially avoid landscape disturbances that may negatively affect population connectivity using centrality measures supported by graph theory, and we demonstrated close alignment of the resulting population structure with population densities.

This method can be adapted for other species with site fidelity and used as a management tool to evaluate population trends and responses to landscape changes across different temporal and spatial scales.
p38α‐MAPK‐deficient myeloid cells ameliorate symptoms and pathology of APP‐transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Schnöder Laura , Hao Wenlin , Litzenburger Kathrin , Decker Yann , Tomic Inge , Menger Michael D. , Liu Yang , Fassbender Klaus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) and microglia‐dominated inflammatory activation in the brain. p38α‐MAPK is activated in both neurons and microglia. How p38α‐MAPK in microglia contributes to AD pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we conditionally knocked out p38α‐MAPK in all myeloid cells or specifically in microglia of APP‐transgenic mice, and examined animals for AD‐associated pathologies (i.e., cognitive deficits, Aβ pathology, and neuroinflammation) and individual microglia for their inflammatory activation and Aβ internalization at different disease stages (e.g., at 4 and 9 months of age). Our experiments showed that p38α‐MAPK‐deficient myeloid cells were more effective than p38α‐MAPK‐deficient microglia in reducing cerebral Aβ and neuronal impairment in APP‐transgenic mice. Deficiency of p38α‐MAPK in myeloid cells inhibited inflammatory activation of individual microglia at 4 months but enhanced it at 9 months. Inflammatory activation promoted microglial internalization of Aβ. Interestingly, p38α‐MAPK‐deficient myeloid cells reduced IL‐17a‐expressing CD4‐positive lymphocytes in 9 but not 4‐month‐old APP‐transgenic mice. By cross‐breeding APP‐transgenic mice with Il‐17a‐knockout mice, we observed that IL‐17a deficiency potentially activated microglia and reduced Aβ deposition in the brain as shown in 9‐month‐old myeloid p38α‐MAPK‐deficient AD mice. Thus, p38α‐MAPK deficiency in all myeloid cells, but not only in microglia, prevents AD progression. IL‐17a‐expressing lymphocytes may partially mediate the pathogenic role of p38α‐MAPK in peripheral myeloid cells. Our study supports p38α‐MAPK as a therapeutic target for AD patients.
Residuals from two‐step research designs
Authors: Jackson Andrew B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA number of studies have begun to question the appropriateness of the widespread and pervasive usage of regressions in two‐step research designs in the accounting literature to obtain variables. The use of residuals from a first‐step model as a dependent variable in a second step has been used in contexts such as earnings management and unexpected audit fees. In this paper, I provide a discussion of the issues within the use of residuals from a first‐step model in a second step. Taking the case of discretionary accruals models, I demonstrate some of the model specification issues explicitly and implicitly considered within these criticisms. I then add a discussion over some concerns regarding the economic interpretation in the use of first‐step residuals.
Screening for adverse childhood experiences in antenatal care settings: A scoping review
Authors: Tran Nam , Callaway Leonie , Shen Sitong , Biswas Tuhin , Scott James G. , Boyle Fran , Mamun Abdullah 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with many health problems in women during pregnancy, including depression/anxiety, gestational diabetes and adverse birth outcomes. However, unlike other health risk factors, screening for ACEs has not been widely implemented in antenatal care settings.AimsThe aim of the scoping review was to explore the challenges in screening for ACEs in antenatal care settings and to provide the lessons learnt and evidence that guide the practice of ACE screening for both healthcare providers and pregnant women.MethodsA five‐stage process for conducting the scoping review was utilised. Searches of four key databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SCOPUS) and reference lists from relevant studies were conducted.ResultsSeven publications met the inclusion criteria. Challenges identified for healthcare providers in screening for ACEs include lack of knowledge and confidence in ACE tool and shortage of time and resources to undertake screening. Impediments for pregnant women include concerns about privacy. However, there were examples of effective practice for ACE screening in antenatal care settings that could apply widely.ConclusionAddressing impediments to ACE screening is critical in implementing trauma‐informed practices that can identify women at risk of adverse health outcomes during pregnancy. A study on screening for ACEs in antenatal care in both public and private settings is needed to examine its feasibility and acceptability in the Australian context before being included in the National Perinatal Data Collection.
Financial Disclosure Management by Charitable Organisations: A Conceptual and Operational Framework
Authors: Cyr Dominic , Landry Suzanne , Fortin Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a conceptual and operational framework for analysing financial disclosure management by charitable organisations. We paint an overall picture of the issue and apply various theories to explain this management practice. The framework lists the many motivations and contextual factors that impel managers of charitable organisations to manage financial information and explains how they weight and prioritise items in light of considerations such as incentive bonuses, social performance, resource dependence and monitoring mechanisms. The framework also sums up the strategies and techniques that undergird financial disclosure management and describes the monitoring mechanisms that mitigate this opportunistic practice and its consequences. The paper concludes by presenting several research avenues.
A history of collective resilience and collective victimhood: Two sides of the same coin that explain Black Americans' present‐day responses to oppression
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Jetten Jolanda , Umeh Alexis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollective victimhood and collective resilience are two sides of the same coin. However, most literature to date has focused on the experiences and consequences of collective victimhood. In the present research, we focused on the experiences of Black Americans, a group that has a legacy of victimizationandresilience. As a part of Black Americans' collective memory, we explored the nature of historical collective resilience and examined its role in explaining collective responses to present‐day oppression, over and above any effect of historical collective victimhood. When they were asked to reflect on their group's history, across Studies 1 (N = 272) and 2 (N = 294), we found that Black Americans generated narratives of collective resilience. In both studies, we also found evidence that perceived historical collective resilience was linked to a greater sense of collective continuity, which, in turn, explained greater support for the ongoing Black Lives Matter movement. Our findings underscore the importance of considering narratives of resilience in a group's history and point to the way such collective resilience narratives can serve as a resource for the group in the present.
Leveraging Analysis History for Improved In Situ Visualization Recommendation
Authors: Epperson Will , Jung‐Lin Lee Doris , Wang Leijie , Agarwal Kunal , Parameswaran Aditya G. , Moritz Dominik , Perer Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExisting visualization recommendation systems commonly rely on a single snapshot of a dataset to suggest visualizations to users. However, exploratory data analysis involves a series of related interactions with a dataset over time rather than one‐off analytical steps. We present Solas, a tool that tracks the history of a user's data analysis, models their interest in each column, and uses this information to provide visualization recommendations, all within the user's native analytical environment. Recommending with analysis history improves visualizations in three primary ways: task‐specific visualizations use the provenance of data to provide sensible encodings for common analysis functions, aggregated history is used to rank visualizations by our model of a user's interest in each column, and column data types are inferred based on applied operations. We present a usage scenario and a user evaluation demonstrating how leveraging analysis history improves in situ visualization recommendations on real‐world analysis tasks.
Visual Parameter Selection for Spatial Blind Source Separation
Authors: Piccolotto N. , Bögl M. , Muehlmann C. , Nordhausen K. , Filzmoser P. , Miksch S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnalysis of spatial multivariate data, i.e., measurements at irregularly‐spaced locations, is a challenging topic in visualization and statistics alike. Such data are inteGral to many domains, e.g., indicators of valuable minerals are measured for mine prospecting. Popular analysis methods, like PCA, often by design do not account for the spatial nature of the data. Thus they, together with their spatial variants, must be employed very carefully. Clearly, it is preferable to use methods that were specifically designed for such data, like spatial blind source separation (SBSS). However, SBSS requires two tuning parameters, which are themselves complex spatial objects. Setting these parameters involves navigating two large and interdependent parameter spaces, while also taking into account prior knowledge of the physical reality represented by the data. To support analysts in this process, we developed a visual analytics prototype. We evaluated it with experts in visualization, SBSS, and geochemistry. Our evaluations show that our interactive prototype allows to define complex and realistic parameter settings efficiently, which was so far impractical. Settings identified by a non‐expert led to remarkable and surprising insights for a domain expert. Therefore, this paper presents important first steps to enable the use of a promising analysis method for spatial multivariate data.
Where did my Lines go? Visualizing Missing Data in Parallel Coordinates
Authors: Bäuerle A. , van Onzenoodt C. , der Kinderen S. , Westberg J. Johansson , Jönsson D. , Ropinski T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe evaluate visualization concepts to represent missing values in parallel coordinates. We focus on the trade‐off between the ability to perceive missing values and the concept's impact on common tasks. For this purpose, we identified three missing value representation concepts: removing line segments where values are missing, adding a separate, horizontal axis onto which missing values are projected, and using imputed values as a replacement for missing values. For the missing values axis and imputed values concepts, we additionally add downplay and highlight variations. We performed a crowd‐sourced, quantitative user study with 732 participants comparing the concepts and their variations using five real‐world datasets. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions regarding which visual encoding to employ depending on the task at focus.
Exploring Effects of Ecological Visual Analytics Interfaces on Experts' and Novices' Decision‐Making Processes: A Case Study in Air Traffic Control
Authors: Zohrevandi E. , Westin C. A. L. , Vrotsou K. , Lundberg J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOperational demands in safety‐critical systems impose a risk of failure to the operators especially during urgent situations. Operators of safety‐critical systems learn to make decisions effectively throughout extensive training programs and many years of experience. In the domain of air traffic control, expensive training with high dropout rates calls for research to enhance novices' ability to detect and resolve conflicts in the airspace. While previous researchers have mostly focused on redesigning training instructions and programs, the current paper explores possible benefits of novel visual representations to improve novices' understanding of the situations as well as their decision‐making process. We conduct an experimental evaluation study testing two ecological visual analytics interfaces, developed in a previous study, as support systems to facilitate novice decision‐making. The main contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we describe the application of an ecological interface design approach to the development of two visual analytics interfaces. Second, we perform a human‐in‐the‐loop experiment with forty‐five novices within a simplified air traffic control simulation environment. Third, by performing an expert‐novice comparison we investigate the extent to which effects of the proposed interfaces can be attributed to the subjects' expertise. The results show that the proposed ecological visual analytics interfaces improved novices' understanding of the information about conflicts as well as their problem‐solving performance. Further, the results show that the beneficial effects of the proposed interfaces were more attributable to the visual representations than the users' expertise.
Soluble lectin‐like oxidized low‐density Lipoproteinreceptor‐1 and recurrent stroke: A nested case–control study
Authors: Wang Anxin , Tian Xue , Xu Jie , Li Hao , Xu Qin , Chen Pan , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMain problemThe prognostic value of soluble lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoproteinreceptor‐1 (sLOX‐1) for stroke was unclearly. This study aimed to investigate the association between sLOX‐1 and recurrent stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA).MethodsData were obtained from the Third China National Stroke Registry. Eligible cases consisted of 400 patients who developed recurrent stroke within 1‐year follow‐up, 800 controls were selected using age‐ and sex‐matched with a 1:2 case–control ratio. Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between sLOX‐1 and recurrent stroke.ResultsAmong 1200 patients included in this study, the median (interquartile range) of sLOX‐1 was 247.12 (132.81–413.58) ng/L. After adjustment for conventional confounding factors, the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval in the highest tertile versus the lowest tertile was 2.23 (1.61–3.08) for recurrent stroke, 2.31 (1.64–3.24) for ischemic stroke, 2.30 (1.66–3.19) for combined vascular events within 1‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, the addition of sLOX‐1 to a conventional risk model had an incremental effect on predictive value for recurrent stroke (C‐statistics 0.76, p < 0.0001; integrated discrimination improvement 13.38%, p < 0.0001; net reclassification improvement 55.39%, p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed when the timepoint was set up as 3 months. Subgroup analysis showed the association between higher sLOX‐1 and recurrent stroke was more pronounced in patients with a history of stroke (p for interaction = 0.0062).ConclusionssLOX‐1 was positively associated with the risk of recurrent stroke, which may be a candidate biomarker to improve risk stratification of recurrent stroke.
Technical analysis: Novel insights on contrarian trading
Authors: Eugster Patrick , Uhl Matthias W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyze the predictive power of technical analysis with a novel data set based on news sentiment that allows to systematically examine a set of technical analysis indicators over an extensive time period. We do not find much statistically significant relationships with the examined indicators and future asset returns, and we almost do not find any alphas in trading strategies based on technical analysis sentiment. We find evidence for a contrarian‐based hypothesis: past market returns and technical analysis sentiment are able to predict future technical analysis sentiment with a negative relationship.
Genipin treatment of equine palatal dysfunction: A preliminary study of safety and efficacy
Authors: Dillon Hugh Mathew , O'Brien Etienne John Ogilvy , Feeney Cormac 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundPalatal dysfunction is a common cause of poor performance in racehorses. Although conservative management resolves just over 60% of cases, there is a requirement for further intervention in the residual 40% of cases that do not respond. It is proposed that a palatal stiffening technique that is simple to perform, safe, minimally invasive and enables a rapid return to exercise would be an acceptable first intervention. Genipin is a self‐polymerising molecule that bonds to collagen matrices increasing tissue strength, stiffness and resilience. A previous study demonstrated that implanted genipin increased palatal strength and its resistance to deformation and potentially was effective in decreasing likelihood of palatal dysfunction in horses.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to appraise the safety and feasibility of implanting genipin oligomers into the equine soft palate and to report on racehorse trainers' subjective assessment of its usefulness in management of palatal dysfunction.Study designProspective, non‐randomised, pilot study.MethodsFifty Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with palatal dysfunction were implanted transendoscopically with genipin. The horses were monitored for adverse reactions during hospitalisation. A standard questionnaire provided to the horses' trainers was used to record additional adverse reactions and satisfaction with the animals' subsequent performance. Post‐treatment dynamic endoscopy was performed in a subgroup of animals.ResultsOne horse developed adverse clinical signs of pyrexia and reduced appetite, which responded to treatment. Post‐procedural endoscopic examination revealed mild palatal abnormalities in 6 of 50 horses that showed no clinical signs. One horse had mild generalised oedema, four with mild focal swelling and one with a superficial mucosal ulceration at a single site of implantation of the soft palate. Following treatment, 76% of horses were reported to show clinical improvement by their trainers with 24% reported not to show improvement.Main limitationsThe study was not controlled, and outcome measures were mainly subjective.ConclusionsThe procedure was well tolerated, safe, minimally invasive and enabled a rapid return to exercise. Trainer reported improvement was comparable to previously reported palatoplasty procedures.
Optimising the benefit–cost ratio of fishing grounds for a multi‐species fishery in the waters of northern Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Ching‐Chun , Kuo Ting‐Chun , Chang Ke‐Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor multi‐species fisheries, identifying the distribution of different species could help fishers prioritise fishing grounds and avoid catching unwanted species. In this study, we identified the most cost‐beneficial fishing grounds by considering four major taxa caught in the torchlight fishery of Taiwan. We used logbook data of 56 vessels during 2009–2020 to predict the distribution for each taxon using maximum entropy models. We determined optimal fishing areas by considering overlap among taxa, each taxon's economic value and traveling costs. Sea surface height was a critical factor in determining occurrence for all taxa. Fishing at these optimal areas varied across vessel sizes. Small vessels could not access the most profitable areas because of mobility constraints and larger vessels fished in areas with relatively lower benefit‐per‐cost. Our findings could help fishers enhance their spatial selectivity, given increasing catch restrictions on some species in the fishery.
Exotic fishes that are phylogenetically close but functionally distant to native fishes are more likely to establish
Authors: Xu Meng , Li Shao‐peng , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Gu Dangen , Fang Miao , Yang Yexin , Hu Yinchang , Mu Xidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince Darwin's time, degree of ecological similarity between exotic and native species has been assumed to affect the establishment success or failure of exotic species. However, a direct test of the effect of exotic–native similarity on establishment of exotics is scarce because of the difficulty in recognizing failures of species to establish in the field. Here, using a database on the establishment success and failure of exotic fish species introduced into 673 freshwater lakes, we evaluate the effect of similarity on the establishment of exotic fishes by combining phylogenetic and functional information. We illustrate that, relative to other biotic and abiotic factors, exotic–native phylogenetic and functional similarities were the most important correlates of exotic fish establishment. While phylogenetic similarity between exotic and resident fish species promoted successful establishment, functional similarity led to failure of exotics to become established. Those exotic species phylogenetically close to, but functionally distant from, native fishes were most likely to establish successfully. Our findings provide a perspective to reconcile Darwin's naturalization conundrum and suggest that, while phylogenetic relatedness allows exotic fish species to pre‐adapt better to novel environments, they need to possess distinct functional traits to reduce competition with resident native fish species.