bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time whole-brain imaging of hemodynamics and oxygenation at micro-vessel resolution with ultrafast wide-field photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyi , Huang Qiang , DiSpirito Anthony , Vu Tri , Rong Qiangzhou , Peng Xiaorui , Sheng Huaxin , Shen Xiling , Zhou Qifa , Jiang Laiming , Hoffmann Ulrike , Yao Junjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh-speed high-resolution imaging of the whole-brain hemodynamics is critically important to facilitating neurovascular research. High imaging speed and image quality are crucial to visualizing real-time hemodynamics in complex brain vascular networks, and tracking fast pathophysiological activities at the microvessel level, which will enable advances in current queries in neurovascular and brain metabolism research, including stroke, dementia, and acute brain injury. Further, real-time imaging of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2) can capture fast-paced oxygen delivery dynamics, which is needed to solve pertinent questions in these fields and beyond. Here, we present a novel ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy (UFF-PAM) to image the whole-brain hemodynamics and oxygenation. UFF-PAM takes advantage of several key engineering innovations, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) based dual-wavelength laser excitation, water-immersible 12-facet-polygon scanner, high-sensitivity ultrasound transducer, and deep-learning-based image upsampling. A volumetric imaging rate of 2 Hz has been achieved over a field of view (FOV) of 11 × 7.5 × 1.5 mm3 with a high spatial resolution of ~10 μm. Using the UFF-PAM system, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept studies on the mouse brains in response to systemic hypoxia, sodium nitroprusside, and stroke. We observed the mouse brain’s fast morphological and functional changes over the entire cortex, including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and deoxygenation. More interestingly, for the first time, with the whole-brain FOV and micro-vessel resolution, we captured the vasoconstriction and hypoxia simultaneously in the spreading depolarization (SD) wave. We expect the new imaging technology will provide a great potential for fundamental brain research under various pathological and physiological conditions.
Regulatory mechanism of miR-20a-5p expression in Cancer
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Xiaoyue , Xiang Shuaixi , Qiao Mingxin , Cen Xiao , Pan Xuefeng , Huang Xinqi , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs(miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes with a length of about 22 nucleotides. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been proven to be one of the vital causes of cancer, which makes them a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Compared with surgery and chemotherapy, nucleic acid therapy targeting specific miRNAs is a promising candidate for cancer treatment. miR-20a-5p plays an anticancer role in high-incidence human cancers such as cervical cancer, breast cancer and leukemia, which is of great importance in the diagnosis of cancers. The up-regulation and down-regulation of miR-20a-5p offers a possible breakthrough for the treatment of cancers. In this paper, we aim to investigate the functional significance of miR-20a-5p in different cancers, reviewing the expression differences of miR-20a-5p in cancer, while systematically summarizing the changes of circRNA-miR-20a-5p networks, and probe how it promotes messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or inhibits mRNA translation to regulate downstream gene expression. We’ve also summarized the biogenesis mechanism of miRNAs, and emphasized its role in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration. On this basis, we believe that miR-20a-5p is a promising and effective marker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Taraxasterol prompted the anti-tumor effect in mice burden hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating T lymphocytes
Authors: Ren Feng , Zhang Yu , Qin Yuanhua , Shang Jingli , Wang Yanling , Wei Pengkun , Guo Jiaming , Jia Huijie , Zhao Tiesuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common digestive malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, however, the treatment of HCC and prognosis of patients are not optimistic, finding more effective treatments are imperative. Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg is a perennial herb of compositae, and our study has demonstrated that Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide has certain anti-tumor effect on HCC cells. Taraxasterol (TS) is a natural product extracted from Taraxacum officinale with strong physiological, pharmacological and biological activities, but the effect of TS on HCC is yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of dandelion sterol on HCC in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that TS significantly inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle in HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 cells in vitro. TS inhibited the tumor growth of H22 bearing mice and the expression of Ki67 in vivo. More importantly, TS regulated the immunity of H22 bearing mice by elevating the ratio of CD4+T cells in spleen, and increasing the number of T cell infiltration in tumor tissue. Except immunomodulation, the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition may be related to the regulation of apoptosis related proteins and IL-6/STAT3 pathway. TS significantly inhibited the growth of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The study would provide a theoretical basis for the new application of TS and the adjuvant treatment of malignant tumor with traditional Chinese medicine.
Perceptions of causal attribution and attitudes to genetic testing among people with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives
Authors: Cullen Melissa B. R. , Meiser Bettina , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Green Melissa , Appelbaum Paul S. , Carr Vaughan J. , Cairns Murray J. , Lebowitz M. S. , Kaur Rajneesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid advances in the genetics of psychiatric disorders mean that diagnostic and predictive genetic testing for schizophrenia risk may one day be a reality. This study examined how causal attributions for schizophrenia contribute to interest in a hypothetical genetic test. People with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia were recruited through a schizophrenia research bank and mental health organisation. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 13 individuals with schizophrenia and 8 first-degree relatives. Transcripts were subjected to a qualitative analysis using the thematic analysis framework. Five themes were developed: (i) “It is like a cocktail”, with most participants aware that both genetic and environmental factors contributed to causation, and many mentioning the positive impact of genetic causal explanations; (ii) “Knowledge is power” (i.e., in favour of genetic testing); (iii) Genetic testing provides opportunities for early intervention and avoiding triggers, with participants citing a wide range of perceived benefits of genetic testing but few risks; (iv) Views on reproductive genetic testing for schizophrenia risk with a few participants viewing it as “playing God” but not necessarily being against it; and (v) “It snowballs”, whereby participants’ understanding of genetics was sophisticated with most believing that multiple rather than single genes contributed to schizophrenia. In conclusion, many individuals had a sound understanding of the role of genetic testing if it were to become available, with evidence of insight into the role of multiple genes and the contribution of other risk factors that may interact with any inherited genetic risk.
Development of a new antigen-based microarray platform for screening and detection of human IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Burgold-Voigt Sindy , Müller Elke , Zopf David , Monecke Stefan , Braun Sascha D. , Frankenfeld Katrin , Kiehntopf Michael , Weis Sebastian , Schumacher Thomas , Pletz Mathias W. , Ehricht Ralf ,   The CoNAN Study Group, Hotz Thomas , Enders Petra , Koch Renate , Mai Steffen , Ullrich Matthias , Richert Cora , Eibner Cornelius , Meinung Bettina , Stötzer Kay , Köhler Julia , Kiehntopf Michael , Cipowicz Hans , Pinkwart Christine , Proquitté Hans , Bauer Michael , Dickmann Petra , Licht Annika , Scholz Juliane , Wetzker Wibke , Hartung Anita , Weiß Daniel , Thieme Lara , Hanf Gabi , Schnizer Clara , Müller Jasmin , Kosenkow Jennifer , Röstel Franziska , Guerra Joel , Makarewicz Oliwia , Kolanos Steffi , Ankert Juliane , Hagel Stefan , Bahrs Christina , Andreas Nico , Marquardt Raphaela , Kamradt Thomas , Baumgart Sabine , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Kuhn Sebastian , Löffler Bettina , Baier Michael , Glöckner Stefan , Scherag André , Pletz Mathias W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrategies to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic rely, beside vaccinations, also on molecular and serological testing. For any kind of assay development, screening for the optimal antigen is essential. Here we describe the verification of a new protein microarray with different commercially available preparations significant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 that can be used for the evaluation of the performance of these antigens in serological assays and for antibody screening in serum samples. Antigens of other pathogens that are addressed by widely used vaccinations were also included. To evaluate the accuracy of 21 different antigens or antigen preparations on the microarray, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis using ELISA results as reference were performed. Except for a single concentration, a diagnostic sensitivity of 1 was determined for all antigen preparations. A diagnostic specificity, as well as an area under the curve (AUC) of 1 was obtained for 16 of 21 antigen preparations. For the remaining five, the diagnostic specificity ranged from 0.942 to 0.981 and AUC from 0.974 to 0.999. The optimized assay was subsequently also applied to determine the immune status of previously tested individuals and/or to detect the immunization status after COVID-19 vaccination. Microarray evaluation of the antibody profiles of COVID-19 convalescent and post vaccination sera showed that the IgG response differed between these groups, and that the choice of the test antigen is crucial for the assay performance. Furthermore, the results showed that the immune response is highly individualized, depended on several factors (e.g., age or sex), and was not directly related to the severity of disease. The new protein microarray provides an ideal method for the parallel screening of many different antigens of vaccine-preventable diseases in a single sample and for reliable and meaningful diagnostic tests, as well as for the development of safe and specific vaccines.
A new method of software vulnerability detection based on a quantum neural network
Authors: Zhou Xin , Pang Jianmin , Yue Feng , Liu Fudong , Guo Jiayu , Liu Wenfu , Song Zhihui , Shu Guoqiang , Xia Bing , Shan Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the field of network security, although there has been related work on software vulnerability detection based on classic machine learning, detection ability is directly proportional to the scale of training data. A quantum neural network has been proven to solve the memory bottleneck problem of classical machine learning, so it has far-reaching prospects in the field of vulnerability detection. To fill the gap in this field, we propose a quantum neural network structure named QDENN for software vulnerability detection. This work is the first attempt to implement word embedding of vulnerability codes based on a quantum neural network, which proves the feasibility of a quantum neural network in the field of vulnerability detection. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed QDENN can effectively solve the inconsistent input length problem of quantum neural networks and the problem of batch processing with long sentences. Furthermore, it can give full play to the advantages of quantum computing and realize a vulnerability detection model at the cost of a small amount of measurement. Compared to other quantum neural networks, our proposed QDENN can achieve higher vulnerability detection accuracy. On the sub dataset with a small-scale interval, the model accuracy rate reaches 99%. On each subinterval data, the best average vulnerability detection accuracy of the model reaches 86.3%.
Examining the impact of sharing COVID-19 misinformation online on mental health
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Bhardwaj Ankur , Aledavood Talayeh , De Choudhury Munmun , Kumar Srijan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMisinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic proliferated widely on social media platforms during the course of the health crisis. Experts have speculated that consuming misinformation online can potentially worsen the mental health of individuals, by causing heightened anxiety, stress, and even suicidal ideation. The present study aims to quantify the causal relationship between sharing misinformation, a strong indicator of consuming misinformation, and experiencing exacerbated anxiety. We conduct a large-scale observational study spanning over 80 million Twitter posts made by 76,985 Twitter users during an 18.5 month period. The results from this study demonstrate that users who shared COVID-19 misinformation experienced approximately two times additional increase in anxiety when compared to similar users who did not share misinformation. Socio-demographic analysis reveals that women, racial minorities, and individuals with lower levels of education in the United States experienced a disproportionately higher increase in anxiety when compared to the other users. These findings shed light on the mental health costs of consuming online misinformation. The work bears practical implications for social media platforms in curbing the adverse psychological impacts of misinformation, while also upholding the ethos of an online public sphere.
Novel electron microscopic staining method using traditional dye, hematoxylin
Authors: Sasaki Hiroyuki , Arai Hisako , Kikuchi Emi , Saito Hideki , Seki Keiko , Matsui Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUranyl acetate (UA) has been routinely used as a staining solution for ultrathin sections used in biological electron microscopy. As a radioactive nuclear material, UA is subject to strict international regulations. To develop an alternative and easy-to-use staining method for ultrathin sections, we examined various commercial light microscopic dyes. We found that Mayer’s hematoxylin followed by Reynold’s lead citrate solution showed staining results comparable to UA and Reynold’s lead citrate solution, and this method is therefore suggested as a reliable and promising alternative to UA staining.
Light and elevated temperature induced degradation and recovery of gallium-doped Czochralski-silicon solar cells
Authors: Winter Michael , Walter Dominic C. , Min Byungsul , Peibst Robby , Brendel Rolf , Schmidt Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fast-firing step commonly applied at the end of solar cell production lines is known to trigger light-induced degradation effects on solar cells made on different silicon materials. In this study, we examine degradation phenomena on high-efficiency solar cells with poly-Si passivating contacts made on Ga-doped Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si) base material under one-sun illumination at elevated temperatures ranging from 80 to 160 °C. The extent of degradation is demonstrated to increase with the applied temperature up to 140 °C. Above 140 °C, the degradation extent decreases with increasing temperature. The degradation of the energy conversion efficiency can be ascribed foremost to a reduction of the short-circuit current and the fill factor and to a lesser extent to a reduction of the open-circuit voltage. The extent of degradation at 140 °C amounts to 0.4%abs of the initial conversion efficiency of 22.1% compared to 0.15%abs at 80 °C. The extent of the efficiency degradation in the examined solar cells is significantly lower (by a factor of ~ 5) compared to solar cells made on B-doped Cz-Si wafers. Importantly, through prolonged illumination at elevated temperatures (e.g. 5 h, 1 sun, 140 °C), an improvement of the conversion efficiency by up to 0.2%abs compared to the initial value is achievable in combination with a permanent regeneration resulting in long-term stable conversion efficiencies above 22%.
Prediction of gestational age using urinary metabolites in term and preterm pregnancies
Authors: Contrepois Kévin , Chen Songjie , Ghaemi Mohammad S. , Wong Ronald J. , Jehan Fyezah , Sazawal Sunil , Baqui Abdullah H. , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Rahman Anisur , Nisar Muhammad I. , Dhingra Usha , Khanam Rasheda , Ilyas Muhammad , Dutta Arup , Mehmood Usma , Deb Saikat , Hotwani Aneeta , Ali Said M. , Rahman Sayedur , Nizar Ambreen , Ame Shaali M. , Muhammad Sajid , Chauhan Aishwarya , Khan Waqasuddin , Raqib Rubhana , Das Sayan , Ahmed Salahuddin , Hasan Tarik , Khalid Javairia , Juma Mohammed H. , Chowdhury Nabidul H. , Kabir Furqan , Aftab Fahad , Quaiyum Abdul , Manu Alexander , Yoshida Sachiyo , Bahl Rajiv , Pervin Jesmin , Price Joan T. , Rahman Monjur , Kasaro Margaret P. , Litch James A. , Musonda Patrick , Vwalika Bellington ,   The Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI), Jehan Fyezah , Sazawal Sunil , Baqui Abdullah H. , Nisar Muhammad I. , Dhingra Usha , Khanam Rasheda , Ilyas Muhammad , Dutta Arup , Mehmood Usma , Deb Saikat , Hotwani Aneeta , Ali Said M. , Rahman Sayedur , Nizar Ambreen , Ame Shaali M. , Muhammad Sajid , Chauhan Aishwarya , Khan Waqasuddin , Raqib Rubhana , Das Sayan , Ahmed Salahuddin , Hasan Tarik , Khalid Javairia , Juma Mohammed H. , Chowdhury Nabidul H. , Kabir Furqan , Aftab Fahad , Quaiyum Abdul , Manu Alexander , Yoshida Sachiyo , Bahl Rajiv ,   The Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Rahman Anisur , Pervin Jesmin , Price Joan T. , Rahman Monjur , Kasaro Margaret P. , Litch James A. , Musonda Patrick , Vwalika Bellington , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Shaw Gary , Stevenson David K. , Aghaeepour Nima , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssessment of gestational age (GA) is key to provide optimal care during pregnancy. However, its accurate determination remains challenging in low- and middle-income countries, where access to obstetric ultrasound is limited. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop clinical approaches that allow accurate and inexpensive estimations of GA. We investigated the ability of urinary metabolites to predict GA at time of collection in a diverse multi-site cohort of healthy and pathological pregnancies (n = 99) using a broad-spectrum liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) platform. Our approach detected a myriad of steroid hormones and their derivatives including estrogens, progesterones, corticosteroids, and androgens which were associated with pregnancy progression. We developed a restricted model that predicted GA with high accuracy using three metabolites (rho = 0.87, RMSE = 1.58 weeks) that was validated in an independent cohort (n = 20). The predictions were more robust in pregnancies that went to term in comparison to pregnancies that ended prematurely. Overall, we demonstrated the feasibility of implementing urine metabolomics analysis in large-scale multi-site studies and report a predictive model of GA with a potential clinical value.
Superior residual fertiliser value in soil with phosphorus recycled from urine in layered double hydroxides
Authors: Dox K. , Martin T. , Houot S. , Merckx R. , Smolders E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) of magnesium (Mg) and aluminium (Al) are ion exchangers that can be used as slow release phosphorus (P) fertilisers. These LDHs can be used successfully to concentrate P from waste streams such as urine. This study was set up to test the fertiliser potential of P derived from urine and concentrated on LDHs. Ryegrass was grown in a pot trial using a P- and N-deficient soil where different urine derived fertilisers, i.e. LDH-P, stored urine and urine mixed with sludge as a source of P were compared to different mineral N and P doses in a full factorial design. Plants were grown for 75 days with four cuttings and did not exhibit salinity stress in stored urine treatments. Plant growth and P uptake responded to N, P doses in mineral fertilizer treatments with significant N-P interaction. The fertiliser use efficiency of urine fertilisers was lower than that of mineral fertilisers at equivalent total nutrient input for stored urine, due to lower N availability, and for urine mixed with sludge due to lower P availability. In contrast, the yield and P uptake of ryegrass grown on LDH loaded with P from urine (LDH-P) showed equal fertiliser P use as mineral fertiliser. Interestingly, the residual soil P after harvest, scored by the sum of isotopically exchangeable P in soil and the P uptake, was higher for LDH-P than for mineral P, confirming slow release properties of LDH that limit loss of P by fixation in soil.
Clinical evaluation of a new rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of Bordetella pertussis antigen
Authors: Okada Kenji , Horikoshi Yuho , Nishimura Naoko , Ishii Shigeki , Nogami Hiroko , Motomura Chikako , Miyairi Isao , Tsumura Naoki , Mori Toshihiko , Ito Kenta , Honma Shinichi , Nagai Kensuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Hayakawa Toru , Abe Chiharu , Ouchi Kazunobu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA more rapid and less complicated test to diagnose pertussis is required in clinical settings. We need to detect Bordetella pertussis, which mainly causes pertussis, as early as possible, because pertussis is more likely to become severe in infants, and people around them can easily become a source of infection due to its strong infectivity. Nevertheless, methods that can detect B. pertussis rapidly and efficiently are lacking. Therefore, we developed a new immunochromatographic antigen kit (ICkit) for the early diagnosis of pertussis. The ICkit detects B. pertussis antigens in a nasopharyngeal swab without equipment and provides the result in about 15 min with a simple procedure. Additionally, a prospective study to evaluate the ICkit was conducted in 11 medical institutions, involving 195 cases with suspected pertussis. Compared with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR), the sensitivity and specificity of the ICkit were 86.4% (19/22) and 97.1% (168/173), respectively. The ICkit detected the antigen in both children and adults. Furthermore, the ICkit detected the antigen until the 25th day from the onset of cough, when rPCR detected the antigen. Thus, the ICkit demonstrated a high correlation with rPCR and would help diagnose pertussis more rapidly and efficiently.