bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into the proton precipitation sites in solar flares
Authors: Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Krucker Säm 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We revisit the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectrocopy Imager (RHESSI) γ-ray observations of the extraordinary GOES X25 flare SOL2003-10-28T11:10 to investigate previously reported conclusions that flare-accelerated electrons and protons precipitate along spatially separated flare loops.
Methods. In contrast to previous works that reconstructed 2.223 MeV images over extended time periods (∼20 minutes), we selected shorter integration times on the order of 2 to 3 minutes. Using simulations of the 2.223 MeV profile in combination with observations of the prompt γ-ray lines from the INTEGRAL mission, we obtained two separated integration time ranges representing the peak of the flare and the start of the decay, respectively. The resulting γ-ray images were then compared to GONG white-light (WL) observations to identify where along the flaring ribbons electron and proton precipitation occurs.
Results. We point out that previously reported results comparing RHESSI hard X-ray (HXR) and γ-ray images only hold if the relative time evolution in the two energy ranges is the same. As the decay time for the October 28, 2003, flare is different at the two energy ranges considered (200–300 keV and around 2.223 MeV), the previously published conclusion that electrons and protons precipitate at different locations is an overstatement. Using shorter integration times reveals that the γ-ray and HXR sources spatially coincide with the WL flare ribbons.
Conclusions. Our key conclusion is that electron and proton precipitation sites coincide with the flare ribbons, suggesting that the electron and proton precipitation sites are the same, at least within RHESSI’s imaging capabilities. This result solves the 20-year-long mystery surrounding the different previously reported electron and proton precipitation sites.
Enteral Feeding in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Martinovski Helen , Khanal Luna , Kraft Debra , Natarajan Girija 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to describe feeding outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and compare characteristics and outcomes in groups discharged home on oral, total/partial nasogastric, and gastrostomy tube feedings.
Study Design This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of infants diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE using standard criteria who underwent cooling from January 2017 to June 2022. Data were abstracted from hospital course as well as until 6 months follow-up. Statistical analysis included chi-square test and ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction for between-group comparisons.
Results Among 123 included infants, 95 (77%) fed orally, 11 (9%) required total/partial nasogastric feeds and 17 (14%) had gastrostomy tubes at discharge. A significantly greater proportion of infants with gastrostomy-tube feeds at discharge had intrapartum complications, Apgar scores <5 at 5 and 10 minutes, severe rather than moderate HIE, and seizures. They also had a longer hospital stay, prolonged respiratory support and intubated days, and delayed initiation of feeding. Infants discharged on nasogastric feeds all attained oral feeds at a median (IQR) duration of 54 (6–178) days follow-up. Among the 106 (86%) infants with follow-up data, the gastrostomy group had significantly lower median weight and head circumference centiles compared to the others. Criteria for gavage eligibility were met before discharge in 98 (80%) of the cohort; 42% stayed beyond this benchmark.
Conclusion Earlier identification of eventual gastrostomy tube insertion as well as discharge home on nasogastric feedings may reduce duration of hospitalization in infants with HIE. Our data may provide insights to guide practice improvement for enteral feedings in this population.
Key Points
IFCD: Inverted feature extraction for enhancing curling stone detection
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Zongmin , Li Guanlin , Yang Chaozhi , Bai Yun 
Published: January 2025

The movement data of curling targets is of great significance for the analysis and research of curling. However, in real-life curling competitions, the curling volume is limited and easy to be occluded, and the venue background illumination is complicated. To address these challenges, a curling target detection model, IFCD, based on Inverted Feature Extraction Network (IFNet) is proposed. IFNet allocates more resources to deal with high-resolution features without introducing additional computational burdens, thus avoiding feature loss caused by inappropriate downsampling. Moreover, a Dynamic Feature Fusion module is introduced in the Neck network to suppress background interference and reduce the feature confusion. In addition, the parameter-independent Four-Scale Decoupled Detection Head is introduced to reduce the conflict between classification and regression tasks and enhance the model’s multi-scale adaptability. IFCD achieves a 0.974 mAP@.5 (Mean Average Precision) on Curling, a regular curling dataset, and 0.723 mAP@.5 on Curling_hard, a complex curling dataset with numerous occlusions.
Perceptual confusion of Mandarin coda nasals in societal bilingualism
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Jiajing , Meng Ran , Zhao Xueqin , Cui Jie , Chen Yaping , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The perception of L2 Mandarin coda nasals (-n and -ŋ) by L1 Wuxi Wu (with only -n) and L1 Fuqing Min (with only
-ŋ) speakers was investigated. Results of two experiments revealed that the younger generation of both Wuxi and Fuqing speakers
identified Mandarin coda nasals more accurately than the middle-aged generation. The high front vowel /i/ correlated with more
misidentifications of postvocalic nasals than mid and low vowels but the result was confounded with nasal type and age group.
Background noise impacted with the identification of nasal place of articulation but it was also confounded with nasal type and
the L1. These findings shed light on the effects of coarticulation, L1 sound system and language contact on the perception and
acquisition of L2 sounds in societal bilingualism.
Janky or non-fluent?
Authors: Stafford Jemma Louise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
At a time when China is one of the world’s largest videogame markets, the English translation of some
Chinese-developed videogames is still regarded by some players as inadequate, or “janky”, the term originally used to describe a
technical glitch (Cooper 2018). This preliminary study surveyed localisation
specialists active in Chinese into English (ZH-EN) videogame localisation to probe into their localisation methods and the reasons
behind them, and determine whether localisers indeed used a “janky” translation as the result of lack of experience and training,
or whether it was a deliberate translation decision, as in “non-fluent” translation (Brownlie
2010). The collected data was analysed to investigate the plausibility of the assumption that Chinese-developed
videogames rendered into English sometimes employ marked English, as in China English, to intentionally identify them as
Chinese-made. Results of the explorative small-scale survey of professionals were found to be largely in favour of optimal English
fluency, including the omission of culturally locked elements such as idiomatic phrases, suggesting that “janky”, rather than
“non-fluent”, translation resulted, most likely due to a limited experience and lapses in quality assurance.
The intersection of human capital and linguistic protectionism
Authors: Altay Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
English-medium instruction (EMI) continues to grow in prominence in higher education because of its various
advantages for stakeholders regarding improved job prospects, access to current literature, and the internationalisation of
universities. Home to a few of the very first EMI higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide, Türkiye continues to follow this
trend. However, despite numerous benefits of EMI in today’s globalised world, certain subject areas surprisingly lack any EMI
programmes. Approximately 69.1% of all undergraduate programmes are taught in Turkish-medium instruction, while the majority of
the remaining programmes are taught in English. This study aims to establish the reasons why Turkish remains the medium of
instruction (MoI) in some subjects. The investigation was conducted using an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates (1) the
human capital theory of socioeconomics and (2) the linguistic protectionism of sociolinguistics. In semi-structured interviews,
administrative stakeholders indicated that one reason for the lack of interest in pursuing an EMI programme in their subjects is
low demand for EMI graduates in particular sectors. The paper also discusses the implications of adopting theories from other
fields for EMI. Hence, linguistic protectionism, which accounts for an ideological and political wish to protect Turkish as MoI in
this study, was also investigated.
A collaborative autoethnography on English as a medium of instruction
Authors: Hopkyns Sarah , Dillon Anna , Čigoja Piper Danica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
English-medium instruction (EMI), and more broadly English-medium education (EME), is growing in leaps and bounds
in multilingual university settings globally. Despite the phenomenon of EMI affecting all stakeholders in any given university,
research concerning EMI pedagogical and sociolinguistic issues most often occupies the attention of applied linguists alone. This
study aims to open up research on EMI to include interdisciplinary perspectives from faculty members in the disciplines of applied
linguistics, education and media studies. The study takes the form of a collaborative autoethnography whereby the authors, as
participants, reflect on their experiences and perceptions of EMI in their respective disciplines in the context of higher
education in the United Arab Emirates. Findings revealed both similarities and differences between approaches and experiences of
EMI across disciplines. Drawing on the findings, open sharing and discussion of EMI struggles and triumphs is recommended together
with critical awareness of decolonisation in educationscapes and teacher agency in EMI classrooms.
Exploring dialogism in discourse
Authors: Santulli Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The notion of dialogism has been widely explored in both discourse and argumentation studies. Through a combination of these two approaches, dialogism reveals its crucial role as a strategy functional to the positioning of the arguer, determined in contrast with the adversary. The paper investigates this aspect of dialogism, starting from the assumption that both dialogicity and argumentation are pervasive in discourse, and exploring the notion of interdiscourse. The discussion then focuses on polemic discourse, characterized by the impossibility of constructing a common ground, and on dialogic inversion as a strategy entailing the reinterpretation in one’s own terms of concepts and values typical of the adversary. The theoretical points are applied to the analysis of two different examples concerning typical issues of environmental discourse: the formula sustainable development, which belongs to the core lexicon of environmental policies and has been subject to different interpretations and evaluations; the neologism warmist, coined in opposition to denialist and conveying a context of contraposition between two incompatible viewpoints.
Mapping interaction in short-term study abroad
Authors: Brown Bianca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The variability of speaking proficiency outcomes in study abroad
(SA) is often thought of as confounding, as conclusions regarding even the most
basic assumptions are not agreed upon. While instruments such as language
contact and social network surveys shed light on target language engagement,
comparisons across studies are often obscured by individual differences, SA
program variability, and differences in study design and instruments.
Qualitative approaches to understanding learners’ contexts for interaction can
provide a fuller picture of what actually occurs during SA. From an
interactionist perspective centering learners’ reflections about their
interactions in journals, this article presents ten university students’
experiences in an eight-week language program in Turkey. The program’s
unstructured nature (no language pledge or homestay) allowed for diverse
interactional patterns to emerge. Findings highlight the central role of service
encounters in providing learner access to speaking opportunities.
Network analyses of student interactions with online textbook problems
Authors: Bruun Jesper , Udby Linda , Jensen Ray Pia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Problem-solving in physics and mathematics has been characterised in terms of five phases by Schoenfeld, and these have previously been used to describe also online and blended behaviour. We argue that expanding the use of server logs to make detailed categorisations of student actions can help increase knowledge about how students solve problems. We present a novel approach for analysing server logs that relies on network analysis and principal component analysis. We used the approach to analyse student interactions with an online textbook that features physics problems. We find five ‘components of behavioural structure’: Complexity, Linear Length, Navigation, Mutuality, and Erraticism. Further, we find that problem-solving sessions can be divided into four overarching groups that differ in their Complexity and further into ten clusters that also differ on the other components. Analysing typical sessions in each cluster, we find ten different behavioural structures which we describe in terms of Schoenfeld's phases. We suggest that further research integrates this approach with other methodological approaches to get a fuller picture of how learning strategies are used by students in settings with online features.
Wafer-level chip-scale packaging of MEMS environmental sensors by functionalized porous PowderMEMS® micro-filters
Authors: Behrmann Ole , Kyoushi Niklas , Bodduluri Mani Teja , Lisec Thomas , Schröder Stefan , Gojdka Björn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
MEMS environmental sensors, including pressure, gas, and humidity sensors, require protection from mechanical damage, particle exposure, and condensing moisture, while maintaining their ability to exchange gases with the environment. This work introduces a novel packaging approach for MEMS environmental sensors using substrate-embedded filters made from microfine powders through PowderMEMS® microfabrication technology. The study demonstrates the successful fabrication of gas permeable, functionalized PowderMEMS® filters on 200 mm Si-wafers for wafer-level packaging of MEMS environmental sensors. Utilizing complete Si-wafers allows for all MEMS sensors on a device wafer to be packaged in a single substrate bonding step, followed by die singulation. The processed wafers are shown to be compatible with high-temperature glass-frit substrate bonding. Alternatively, individual chips with PowderMEMS® filters can be assembled discretely onto standard semiconductor packages to serve as gas-permeable filters. Successful hydrophobation of the inherently hydrophilic PowderMEMS® structures by deposition of hydrophobic nanofilms is demonstrated and resistance to water ingress is evaluated by immersion testing. Given that many MEMS gas sensors are cross-reactive to oxidizing gases like ozone, this study also explores the integration of ozone-degrading catalytic powder into the PowderMEMS® filters. As a proof-of-concept, commercial MEMS ozone sensors are modified with catalytic PowderMEMS® caps, and successful ozone degradation is demonstrated. While PowderMEMS® processing is typically conducted on 200 mm Si-wafers, other suitable substrates include glass and (fiber-reinforced) polymers.
Interfacial breakdown characteristics of XLPE/EPDM double-layer for DC cable terminations with different treatment conditions
Authors: Xing Yunqi , Guo Xu , Kong Fanrong , Pathiraja Kaulya , Wang Yuhuai , Li Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To investigate how the presence of interface state impacts the DC breakdown at the interface at the terminations of a submarine DC cable, the cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer double-layer samples with two different interface states of direct contact and coating normal silicone oil were prepared. Various temperatures and pressures were controlled to simulate the actual operating environment. The effects of pressure and temperature on the DC Interfacial breakdown characteristics were analyzed. The characteristics of interface charge accumulation and dissipation were studied with different polar voltages stressing. The effects of silicone oil on the interface charge characteristics were discussed by vertical preloading and interface breakdown tests. Results show that the breakdown voltage of the interface coated with silicone oil is much higher than that of the interface without silicone oil. After coating silicone oil, the trap energy level and trap density of the interface decrease, the interface accumulated charge density decreases, and the interface residual charge decays faster. In addition, when the polarity of the residual charge at the interface aligns with that of the needle electrode in terms of consistency, the interface breakdown voltage increases, and vice versa. This paper provides a theoretical basis and innovative insights for the subsequent selection and improvement of silicone fluids to enhance interfacial breakdown performance.
Reinvestigating atomic ordering in

K

0.5

Na

0.5

NbO

3

and its impact on ferroelectric properties
Authors: Tripathi Anuvrat , Tripathi Saurabh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present work, we reinvestigate the atomic ordering of a Pb-free morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition

v
i
z
.
,

K

0.5

Na

0.5

NbO

3

(KNN50) and its vicinity at various length scales using high-resolution x-ray diffraction and pair distribution function data. We have observed a monoclinic phase (Space Group: Pm) at long/short ranges differing from a very recent report by Saha et al 2024 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
36 425703. Moreover, the ferroelectric (polarization) dominance of short-range ordering (SRO) over long-range ordering (LRO) has been observed and quantified for the very first time using the amplitude of the ferroelectric frozen phonon mode (

Γ
4
−

) (corresponding to the high symmetry cubic phase), thereby structure is linked with ferroelectric (or polarization) property for a widely studied MPB system

v
i
z
.
,

K

x

Na

(
1
−
x
)

NbO

3

(KNNx for x = 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60). Two uniquely identified monoclinic phases has been observed for SRO (

M

SRO

) and LRO (

M

LRO

) for all the compositions. The amplitude of ferroelectric frozen phonon mode (

Γ
4
−

) corresponding to

M

SRO

is significantly higher (

≈

150
%
−
180
%

) than

M

LRO

. A peak is observed in the amplitude of

Γ
4
−

and intensity of prominent Raman peaks (ν
1 and ν
5) for x = 0.50, which is held responsible for high physical properties

v
i
z
.
,

dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric coefficient, remnant polarization, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and many more widely reported in literature for KNN50.
Collective modes in terahertz field response of disordered superconductors
Authors: Li Yantao , Dzero Maxim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider a problem of nonlinear response to an external electromagnetic radiation in conventional disordered superconductors which contain a small amount of weak magnetic impurities. We focus on the diffusive limit and use Usadel equation to analyze the excitation energy and dispersion relation of the collective modes. We determine the resonant frequency and dispersion of both amplitude (Schmidt–Higgs) and phase (Carlson–Goldman) modes for moderate strength of magnetic scattering. We find that the minimum energy required for the excitation of the both of these modes decreases with an increase in spin-flip scattering. Surprisingly we also find that as a result the Carlson–Goldman mode becomes gapless and as a consequence can only be excited at some finite value of the threshold momentum. We thus discover yet another physical realization of a state with gapped momentum dispersion of one of its collective modes. The value of the threshold momentum is determined by the distance between the two consecutive spin-flip scattering events which, in turn, is proportional to the scattering time between two consecutive scattering events. The amplitude mode is diffusive and becomes strongly suppressed with the increase in spin-flip scattering. Possible ways to experimentally verify our results are also discussed.
Spectral heat flux redistribution upon interfacial transmission
Authors: Cui Haoran , Maranets Theodore , Ma Tengfei , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In nonmetallic crystals, heat is transported by phonons of different frequencies, each contributing differently to the overall heat flux spectrum. In this study, we demonstrate a significant redistribution of heat flux among phonon frequencies when phonons transmit across the interface between dissimilar solids. This redistribution arises from the natural tendency of phononic heat to re-establish the bulk distribution characteristic of the material through which it propagates. Remarkably, while the heat flux spectra of dissimilar solids are typically distinct in their bulk forms, they can become nearly identical in superlattices or sandwich structures where the layer thicknesses are smaller than the phonon mean free paths. This phenomenon reflects that the redistribution of heat among phonon frequencies to the bulk distribution does not occur instantaneously at the interface, rather it develops over a distance on the order of phonon mean-free-paths.
Applications of Lissajous ellipse fitting technique in phase retrieval: a review
Authors: Dou MengYu , Liu Fengwei , Chen Xiaojun , Wu Yongqian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This review paper delves into the advancements of Lissajous ellipse fitting techniques in phase retrieval methods, with a particular focus on their application in phase-shifting interferometry for high-precision measurements. The paper highlights the effectiveness of these techniques in correcting phase extraction errors and their direct application in phase restoration, which have gained prominence for improving accuracy and processing efficiency. Special attention is given to their role in minimizing phase extraction errors and addressing challenges in random phase-shifting interferograms. The review also explores the challenges faced in implementing these techniques, such as noise sensitivity and the need for effective preprocessing methods. The review concludes by summarizing the key contributions of Lissajous calibration techniques to phase retrieval and suggesting future research directions to address existing limitations and further improve their applicability in various industrial and scientific domains.