bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Interval Establishment for Neutrophil‐To‐Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet‐To‐Lymphocyte Ratio, and Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index in Athletes: Analysis of Sex and Sport Type Impact
Authors: Wang Cong , Ning Zhengmei , Lu Qi , Huang Jianya , Yuan Guoqing , Chen Junfei , Liu Gang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish sex‐ and sport‐specific reference intervals (RIs) for the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) in athletes.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed 13,647 entries from elite athletes (2018–2024), categorized by sex and six sport types. RIs were developed using a training set (9555 entries) and validated with a separate set (4092 entries). The RIs were defined using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the distribution.ResultsFemales had higher RIs compared to males: NLR (females: 1.53 [0.74, 3.25]; males: 1.36 [0.70, 2.89]), PLR (females: 124 [69, 223]; males: 111 [65, 188]), and SII (females: 347 [146, 804]; males: 298 [139, 684]) (p < 0.001). Sport type influenced RIs, with significant differences noted across categories (p < 0.001). Validation showed an outlier rate below 10% across all groups, confirming robustness.ConclusionThese sex‐ and sport‐specific RIs enhance the precision of health assessments, supporting early detection of overtraining and inflammation in athletes. Future studies should expand to diverse populations and consider factors like age and training cycles.
Ertapenem in the Context of Hypoalbuminemia: Implications for Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Seazzu Micaela Elene , Cabanilla M. Gabriela 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe global rise in extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales (ESBL‐E) has created significant challenges in the management of severe infections, including bacteremia. Ertapenem, a once‐daily carbapenem with high protein‐binding affinity (85%‐95%), is an ideal option for ESBL‐E because of its spectrum and dosing convenience. However, hypoalbuminemia, a common condition in critically ill patients that is independently associated with poor outcomes, raises concerns about altered pharmacokinetics, specifically increased free drug fractions, enhanced clearance, and shortened half‐life. These pharmacokinetic changes have been hypothesized to lead to suboptimal drug levels and treatment failure, although clinical evidence remains inconsistent. This narrative review examines ertapenem's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in patients with hypoalbuminemia, focusing on its clinical implications. While some studies have reported suboptimal outcomes in critically ill patients, others have demonstrated comparable efficacy to broader spectrum carbapenems when minimum inhibitory concentration values are favorable, and source control is achieved. These findings challenge the concerns raised in the 2024 Infectious Diseases Society of America Gram‐negative resistance guidance, which cautions against ertapenem use in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Rather than universally avoiding ertapenem, clinicians should prioritize individualized decision making based on patient‐specific factors. Further research is warranted to optimize dosing strategies. However, current data suggest that ertapenem remains a viable and effective option in this high‐risk population when used judiciously.
GDF15 Neutralization Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy and Exercise Intolerance in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Myopathy
Authors: Flaherty Stephen E. , Song LouJin , Albuquerque Bina , Rinaldi Anthony , Piper Mary , Shanthappa Dinesh Hirenallur , Chen Xian , Stansfield John , Asano Shoh , Pashos Evanthia , Ross Trenton Thomas , Jagarlapudi Srinath , Sheikh Abdul , Zhang Bei , Wu Zhidan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary mitochondrial myopathies (PMMs) are disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in mitochondrial function. PMMs are characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength as well as impaired exercise capacity. Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) was reported to be highly elevated in PMMs and cancer cachexia. Previous studies have shown that GDF15 neutralization is effective in improving skeletal muscle mass and function in cancer cachexia. It remains to be determined if the inhibition of GDF15 could be beneficial for PMMs. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether treatment with a GDF15 neutralizing antibody can alleviate muscle atrophy and physical performance impairment in a mouse model of PMM.MethodsThe effects of GDF15 neutralization on PMM were assessed using PolgD257A/D257A (POLG) mice. These mice express a proofreading‐deficient version of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, leading to an increased rate of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These animals display increased circulating GDF15 levels, reduced muscle mass and function, exercise intolerance, and premature aging. Starting at 9 months of age, the mice were treated with an anti‐GDF15 antibody (mAB2) once per week for 12 weeks. Body weight, food intake, body composition, and muscle mass were assessed. Muscle function and exercise capacity were evaluated using in vivo concentric max force stimulation assays, forced treadmill running and voluntary home‐cage wheel running. Mechanistic investigations were performed via muscle histology, bulk transcriptomic analysis, RT‐qPCR and western blotting.ResultsAnti‐GDF15 antibody treatment ameliorated the metabolic phenotypes of the POLG animals, improving body weight (+13% ± 8%, p < 0.0001), lean mass (+13% ± 15%, p < 0.001) and muscle mass (+35% ± 24%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the treatment improved skeletal muscle max force production (+35% ± 43%, p < 0.001) and exercise performance, including treadmill (+40% ± 29%, p < 0.05) and voluntary wheel running (+320% ± 19%, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of GDF15 neutralization are linked to the reversal of the transcriptional dysregulation in genes involved in autophagy and proteasome signalling. The treatment also appears to dampen glucocorticoid signalling by suppressing circulating corticosterone levels in the POLG animals.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential of GDF15 neutralization with a monoclonal antibody as a therapeutic avenue to enhance physical performance and mitigate adverse clinical outcomes in patients with PMM.
Efficiency of adsorption of PSNPs using spontaneous magnetic biochar prepared from pyrolysis of municipal sludge and industrial red mud solid waste
Authors: Feng Dongsheng , Yi Junming , Liu Yuxin , Fu Jiangzhe , Gong Ruihui , Li Huidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe environmental problems caused by microplastics are becoming increasingly serious with the widespread use of plastic products. This study utilized lignin‐modified preparation of spontaneous magnetic sludge‐based biochar (LC@SRBC) to remove Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs).RESULTThe quasi‐second‐order adsorption kinetics model, and the SIPs adsorption isothermal model exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental data, the Theoretical saturation adsorption capacity of 406.68 mg/g was found at the 500 °C‐pyrolyzed LC@SRBC. The effects of different factors on the efficiency of PSNPs removal by adsorbents were analyzed in detail, and the final PSNPs removal rate reached 97.87% in 30 min. We believe that the electrostatic effect is the main factors affecting the removal effect of PSNPs. With the increase of pH value, the potential difference between PSNPs and the surface of adsorbent increases, and the electrostatic repulsion is strengthened, which leads to a significant decrease in the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the presence of metal nanoparticles on the LC@SRBC surface promoted the formation of metal‐O‐PSNPs and oxygen‐containing functional groups, which enhanced its adsorption capacity for PSNPs. Meanwhile, the spontaneous magnetism of the adsorbent is utilized for solid–liquid separation, avoiding the influence of filtration on the experimental effect.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the present study found that the preparation of adsorbent materials from the resource utilization of red mud solid wastes is effective for the removal of polystyrene from water. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Analysis of Ultrasound Features for Breast Cancers With Different Risk Categories and Evaluation of a New Predicting Method
Authors: Hu Wenjie , Liu Lu , Zhao Ting , Lin Jie , Wang Yong , Li Fan , Ding Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore pathology and ultrasound features of breast cancers with different risk categories. To establish and validate a nomogram primarily based on grayscale ultrasound features for non‐invasive preoperative prediction of high‐risk breast cancers and for rapid individual risk assessment and clinical decision making.MethodsA total of 685 breast malignant lesions were enrolled in this study. All lesions were classified according to the St. Gallen risk categories criteria. The pathology and ultrasound features were compared among different risk groups. A multifactorial Logistic model and a nomogram primarily based on grayscale ultrasound were established. Then prediction ability was evaluated.ResultsIn training cohort, the ultrasound features with significant differences were selected again through Lasso regression. Then, age, maximum diameter in ultrasound, posterior echo attenuation, spiculate margin and suspicious axillary lymph nodes were selected to establish the prediction model and nomogram. The areas under the curve in training cohort and internal test cohort were 0.833 and 0.827. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 75.6%, 76.6%, 76.4%, 41.4% and 93.5%, respectively.ConclusionsBreast cancers with different risk categories exhibit distinct pathology and ultrasound features. The prediction model and nomogram have good and stable diagnostic efficiency.
Calcaneo‐stop for paediatric idiopathic flexible flatfoot: High functional results and return to sport in 644 feet at mid‐term follow‐up
Authors: Silva Simone , Tavernini Tullia , Bruschi Alessandro , Andriolo Luca , Guizzardi Giulia , Serra Margherita , Rocca Gino , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeIdiopathic flexible flatfoot (IFF) is a frequent condition in children. Patients refractory to conservative treatments may benefit from surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and sport activity levels in a large cohort of paediatric patients treated with calcaneo‐stop (CS) for the symptomatic IFF.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study was conducted using an institutional database that prospectively collected clinical outcomes of patients treated with CS for symptomatic IFF. The procedure included the implantation of a cancellous screw through the talus, which was subsequently removed after 2 years. A total of 644 feet (336 consecutive patients) followed up to a mean of 41.3 ± 6.7 months after implant removal were included. Foot pain and sport activity were assessed.ResultsA successful outcome, defined as the presence of a painless, corrected foot together with patient satisfaction, was obtained in 94% of the patients, while 35 feet were considered failed. Extracurricular sport participation was possible in most patients after CS screw implantation (55%) and fully recovered after implant removal (77%). No activity level increase was shown compared to baseline. The only factor that correlated significantly with the incidence of failures was the occurrence of adverse events (p = 0.001), which negatively influenced also the sport activity level (p = 0.008). Females obtained lower Tegner scores compared to males (3.5 vs. 5.0, p < 0.0005).ConclusionsCS procedure provided highly satisfactory clinical results at mid‐term follow‐up. Full sport activity level was recovered after screw removal and a 94% favourable outcome was obtained in terms of foot pain relief as well as patient and parents satisfaction.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, case series.
The Mechanisms, Research Status, and Future Prospects of m6A Modification in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xue‐mei Xiu , Yang Chen , Wen‐ting Ju , Wen‐xing Qin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a significant methylation alteration frequently observed in eukaryotic RNAs, garnering considerable attention in the field of breast cancer research in recent years. The m6A modification profoundly influences the onset, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer by regulating RNA stability, translation efficiency, and degradation processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A regulatory factors, including METTL3, METTL14, and ALKBH5, play pivotal roles in breast cancer cells, affecting cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, the interactions between m6A modification and non‐coding RNAs, as well as its role in the tumor microenvironment, have increasingly attracted researchers' interest. Although numerous studies have elucidated the dual roles of m6A in breast cancer, its specific molecular mechanisms remain to be thoroughly investigated. Future research should explore various aspects, including the role of m6A in different subtypes of breast cancer, its involvement in chemotherapy resistance, and its interactions with the tumor microenvironment. This exploration will contribute to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The present article aims to systematically summarize the research progress on m6A modification in breast cancer, offering novel insights and strategies for future related research and clinical applications.
Large‐Scale Screening of CD4+ T‐Cell Epitopes From SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins and the Universal Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Specific T Cells for Northeast Asian Population
Authors: Zhao Yu , He Chengtao , Peng Min , Li Min , Liu Xiaotao , Han Xuelian , Fu Qiang , Wu Yandan , Yue Fangping , Yan Chunguang , Zhao Guangyu , Shen Chuanlai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe polymorphism of human leukocyte antigens in the Northeast Asian populations and the lack of broad‐spectrum T‐cell epitopes covering this cohort markedly limited the development of T cell‐directed vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and also hampered the universal detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific T cells. In this study, 93 CD4+ T‐cell epitopes restricted by 12 prevalent HLA‐DRB1 allotypes, which covering over 80% Chinese and Northeast Asian populations, were identified from the S, E, M, N and RdRp proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 by in silico prediction, DC‐peptide‐PBL coculture experiment, and immunization in HLA‐A2/DR1 transgenic mice. Furthermore, by using validated 215 CD8+ T cell epitope peptides and 123 CD4+ T‐cell epitope peptides covering Northeast Asian cohort, the universal ELISpot detection systems of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells were established, for the first time, and followed by the tests for 50 unexposed and 100 convalescent samples. The median of spot‐forming units for CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells were 68 and 15, respectively, in the unexposed donors, but were 137 and 52 in the convalescent donors 6 months after recovery while 128 and 47 in the convalescent donors 18 months after recovery. This work initially provided the broad‐spectrum CD4+ T‐cell epitope library of SARS‐CoV‐2 for the design of T cell‐directed vaccines and the universal T cell detection tool tailoring to Northeast Asian population, and confirmed the long‐term memory T cell immunity after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Cytoplasmic Shift of Interferon Regulatory Factors Co‐Evolved With Jawed Vertebrate Innate Immunity
Authors: Hubing Vanessa , Marquis Avery , Ziemann Chanasei , Moriyama Hideaki , Moriyama Etsuko N. , Zhang Luwen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe emergence of jaws in early vertebrates introduced a novel feeding apparatus and powerful oral defenses, but it also increased the risk of physical injury and pathogen exposure. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play critical roles in orchestrating innate immunity and inflammation in response to invading microbes and tissue damage, with their subcellular localization being essential to some IRFs' function. Our results indicate that IRF members underwent independent expansion and diversification in two distinct vertebrate lineages: jawed and jawless vertebrates. The jawed vertebrate‐specific factor, IRF5, has maintained conserved nuclear export sequences throughout evolution, while newly diversified IRF members in jawed vertebrates have acquired cytoplasmic localization. This cytoplasmic shift particularly affected IRFs involved in type I interferon (IFN) signaling (IRF3, IRF5, IRF7, and IRF9), suggesting co‐evolution with the development of the type I IFN system in jawed animals. Interestingly, although IRF9 is inherently nuclear, its association with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 2 (STAT2) has led to its cytoplasmic localization. Additionally, IRF6, another jawed vertebrate‐specific factor, plays a crucial role in jaw development, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation that aligns structural innovations with immune function. Our findings suggest that the evolution of jaws coincided with the adoption of cytoplasmic localization in IRF members, potentially enhancing rapid immune responses to meet the immunological challenges posed by the predatory lifestyle of early jawed vertebrates.
Comparison of Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron and Pre‐Delta Variants Around Infected Patients
Authors: Fraenkel Carl‐Johan , Thuresson Sara , Medstrand Patrik , Alsved Malin , Löndahl Jakob 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTransmissibility has increased during the evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, possibly by improved airborne transmission. An increased transmission was noted also in many hospitals. We analyzed SARS‐CoV‐2 in room air of hospitalized Omicron infected patients and compared results with previous findings with pre‐Delta variants to study if SARS‐CoV‐2 was more prevalent in patient rooms after the introduction of Omicron. Only 4 of 75 (5%) air samples, from 3 of 43 included patients, were positive during the early Omicron wave, compared to 14/120 (12%), from 10 of 60 included patients during the initial wave. No certain statistical difference between virus variants could be established, but the tendency was a lower occurrence at Omicron infected patients, also when adjusting for relevant confounders. These finding do not support the initial hypothesis that increased SARS‐CoV‐2 aerosol emission from diagnosed patients with Omicron could explain any increased risk of hospital transmission.
Distinct and reproducible esophageal motility patterns in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Comella Assia , McCall Lisa , Hutson John M. , Finch Sue , Safe Mark , Teague Warwick J. , Omari Taher I. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesEsophageal atresia (EA) is a significant congenital anomaly, with most survivors experiencing esophageal dysmotility. Currently, there is no reliable way to predict which patients will develop significant, life‐threatening dysmotility. Using high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), this study aimed to characterize the common pressure topography patterns in children with repaired EA.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study focused on children (<18 years) with repaired EA. Utilizing HRIM, esophageal motility patterns were studied. Repeat manometric assessments were performed in a selected group.ResultsSeventy‐five patients with EA (M:F = 43:32, median age 15 months [3 months to 17 years]) completed 133 HRIM studies. The majority (54 out of 75, 85.3%) had EA with distal tracheo‐esophageal fistula. Thirty‐five out of 75 (46.7%) underwent one study, 24 out of 75 (32.0%) two studies, 14 out of 75 (18.7%) three studies, and 2 out of 75 (2.7%) four studies. Seventy‐two patients had analyzable studies. Three common motility patterns were demonstrated: (1) aperistalsis (26 out of 72, 36.1%); (2) distal esophageal contraction (25 out of 72, 34.7%); and (3) pressurization (6 out of 72, 8.3%). A minority demonstrated combination patterns, including aperistalsis with weak distal contraction (10 out of 72, 13.9%) and aperistalsis with pressurization (2 out of 72, 2.8%). Contraction was normal in 3 out of 72 (4.2%). At repeat assessment, the dominant motility pattern persisted in 26 out of 38 (68.4%) of the second studies and 9 out of 15 (60.0%) of the third studies.ConclusionUtilizing HRIM in children with repaired EA, we have demonstrated objective, distinct, and reproducible motility patterns. In this cohort, the majority of motility patterns were maintained longitudinally, and dysphagia scores remained unchanged, even after dilatation.
Microwave‐assisted drying techniques to enhance the drying efficiency and quality of dried Gastrodia elata
Authors: Lin Rongru , Wang Bo , Li Bingzheng , Zeng Shiyu , Lv Weiqiao , Xiao Hongwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundGastrodia elata (G. elata) is highly valued for its health and medical effects. A timely and efficient drying process helps improve the quality of dried G. elata. Prior to drying, G. elata was steamed at 100 °C for 20 min to improve final product quality. In this study, microwave drying (MD), microwave hot‐air rolling‐bed drying (MHARD), microwave infrared vibrating‐bed drying (MIVBD) and pulse‐spouted microwave vacuum drying (PSMVD) were used to dry G. elata. The effects of drying techniques on drying kinetics, moisture state, color profile, microstructure, glass transition temperature, active ingredients (total phenol, total flavonoids, total sugar, gastrodin and p‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents) and antioxidant properties of dried samples were investigated.ResultsThe results revealed that steaming increased the proportion of free water in G. elata and facilitated its migration to the sample surface during drying. Among the various drying techniques, MIVBD achieved the shortest drying time of 44.7 min and it accelerated drying by 21.16%, 39.02% and 59.36% compared to MD, PSMVD and MHARD methods, respectively. PSMVD resulted in a minimal color change (ΔE = 21.5) and the dried sample had a porous structure. Drying process reduced the antioxidant activity, and MHARD‐dried samples showed the highest total phenol and gastrodin contents.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that MIVBD significantly improved the drying efficiency of G. elata, while MHARD maximumly preserved the bioactive compounds. It aims to provide theoretical support for the microwave drying of G. elata. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genetic algorithm‐based structural optimization of foldable OLED panels
Authors: Feng Qibin , Zheng Chen , Dong Zhe , Guo Yusong , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOLEDs are playing an important role in flexible displays, smart wearable, in‐vehicle displays, and other fields. Foldable OLED panels consist of multiple layers of film. To ensure the reliability, some key films such as the OLED should be placed on the neutral plane, which is usually achieved by adjusting the thickness of each layer. In this paper, genetic algorithm is introduced to find the optimum configurations of the thickness of each layer. Based on the mathematical express of the stress happening on each film when an OLED panel is folded, the objective function can be defined and the optical thicknesses of some layers can be got. The simulation results show that with such optical thickness configuration, the stresses on key films can effectively reduce. The method proposed in the paper can help improve the folding performance of a foldable OLED panel.