bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free-breathing joint bright- and black-blood cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the improved visualization of ablation-related radiofrequency lesions in the left ventricle
Authors: Bustin A , Sridi S , Kamakura T , Jais P , Stuber M , Cochet H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This research was supported by funding from the French National Research Agency under grant agreements Equipex MUSIC ANR-11-EQPX-0030, ANR-21-CE17-0034-01 and Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir ANR-10-IAHU04-LIRYC, and from the European Council under grant agreement ERC n715093. AB acknowledges a Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation fellowship administered by the Institute of France.

Background
Bright-blood late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can identify the sites that were ablated during prior ablation procedures (1). However, myocardial lesions visualization is often impaired by the poor contrast at the blood-scar interface on conventional bright-blood-LGE images.

Purpose
To assess the performance of a novel joint bright- and black-blood LGE (SPOT) technique to visualize myocardial lesions post ablation.

Methods
Three sheep (age 2 years, body weight 51.6 kg) underwent radiofrequency ablation at multiple endocardial and epicardial sites. The animals were imaged 3 months later on a 1.5-T CMR scanner using conventional post-contrast bright-blood LGE (PSIR) (1) and the proposed SPOT (2) sequences. The SPOT sequence sampled the data to simultaneously generate a black-blood image (for scar visualization) and a bright-blood image (for scar localization) in a free-breathing 2-dimensional multi-slice scan (2). A coloured representation of myocardial scarring was then generated through image fusion. A reader graded the relative scar-to-myocardium, scar-to-blood, and blood-to-myocardium contrasts and the presence of LGE on all datasets.

Results
Compared with the reference bright-blood LGE images, the average scar-to-myocardium relative contrast in the SPOT images significantly increased by 102.5% to 8.1±4.4 (P&lt;0.01). Similarly, a significant increase in scar-to-blood relative contrast (0.4±0.6 vs. 7.6±4.9, P&lt;0.01) was observed. Owing to the nulling of both blood and normal myocardium signal, a significant decrease in blood-to-myocardium relative contrast (2.5±1.8 vs. 0.2±0.4, P&lt;0.01) was observed with SPOT. A total of 7 and 12 lesions could be identified on conventional bright-blood LGE and proposed SPOT images, respectively (Figure).

Conclusion
The higher scar-to-blood relative contrast with SPOT imaging enables the improved visualization of myocardial lesions post radiofrequency ablation. SPOT offers a promising technology for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial injuries post ablation.
Differential sodium current remodelling in human left atrial appendage cardiomyocytes in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Casini S , Marchal GA , Kawasaki M , Fabrizi B , Wesselink R , Nariswari FA , Neefs J , Van Den Berg NWE , Driessen AHG , De Groot JR , Verkerk AO , Remme CA 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by complex electrical, structural and metabolic remodelling. The mechanisms underlying AF progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF are not fully understood, and studies in cardiomyocytes (CMs) at the paroxysmal stage of AF are lacking. Moreover, most studies have so far investigated right atrial appendage CMs, while left atrial appendage (LAA) CMs may be more informative, as AF is predominantly a left atrial disease. Whether and to what extent electrical remodelling during various AF stages also includes alterations of the (late) sodium current (INa), remains unclear. Moreover, the functional relevance of sodium channel isoforms other than the cardiac Nav1.5, such as the "neuronal" isoform SCN10A/NaV1.8, during the various stages of AF is as yet not fully elucidated.

Purpose
To investigate peak and late INa remodelling in LAA CMs from patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF and patients in sinus rhythm (SR), as well as the potential contribution of NaV1.8-based current.

Methods
LAA were obtained from patients in SR (N=18) without a history of AF undergoing cardiac surgery, as well as from patients with paroxysmal (N=12) and persistent AF (N=30). Paroxysmal AF was defined as AF episodes terminating spontaneously within seven days and persistent as AF continuing for more than 7 days but less than 1 year. Peak INa, late INa and action potential (AP) properties were investigated through patch-clamp analysis on single LAA CMs, while qPCR was used to assess SCN5A and SCN10A expression levels in LAA tissue.

Results
In paroxysmal and persistent AF CMs, AP duration was shorter than in SR CMs. Compared to SR, peak INa (Figure 1A) and SCN5A expression (Figure 1B) were significantly decreased in paroxysmal AF, while they were restored to SR levels in persistent AF. Conversely, while late INa was undetectable in SR and paroxysmal AF, it was significantly increased in persistent AF (Figure 2). Peak and late INa Nav1.8-based current was not detected in persistent AF CMs. Similarly, expression of SCN10A was not observed in LAAs at any stage.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to show that AP shortening already occurs in LAA CMs from paroxysmal AF, potentially contributing to pro-arrhythmia in this early stage of the disease. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that INa is differentially remodelled during various stages of AF, with peak INa reduction occurring during paroxysmal AF, while late INa is increased in persistent AF only. Finally, we have shown that Nav1.8 current does not contribute to the AF-related alterations in INa. These observations are of particular relevance when considering potential pharmacological approaches targeting (late) INa in patients with distinct forms of AF.
Transcriptome analysis of sex-biased gene expression in the spotted-wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)
Authors: Deng Dan , Xing Shisi , Liu Xuxiang , Ji Qinge , Zhai Zongzhao , Peng Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sexual dimorphism occurs widely throughout insects and has profound influences on evolutionary path. Sex-biased genes are considered to account for most of phenotypic differences between sexes. In order to explore the sex-biased genes potentially associated with sexual dimorphism and sexual development in Drosophila suzukii, a major devastating and invasive crop pest, we conducted whole-organism transcriptome profiling and sex-biased gene expression analysis on adults of both sexes. We identified transcripts of genes involved in several sex-specific physiological and functional processes, including transcripts involved in sex determination, reproduction, olfaction, and innate immune signals. A total of 11,360 differentially expressed genes were identified in the comparison, and 1,957 differentially expressed genes were female-biased and 4,231 differentially expressed genes were male-biased. The pathway predominantly enriched for differentially expressed genes was related to spliceosome, which might reflect the differences in the alternative splicing mechanism between males and females. Twenty-two sex determination and 16 sex-related reproduction genes were identified, and expression pattern analysis revealed that the majority of genes were differentially expressed between sexes. Additionally, the differences in sex-specific olfactory and immune processes were analyzed and the sex-biased expression of these genes may play important roles in pheromone and odor detection, and immune response. As a valuable dataset, our sex-specific transcriptomic data can significantly contribute to the fundamental elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in fruit flies, and may provide candidate genes potentially useful for the development of genetic sexing strains, an important tool for sterile insect technique applications against this economically important species.
Geometrical properties of seismicity in California
Authors: Ross Zachary E , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Zaliapin Ilya 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
The spatial geometry of seismicity encodes information about loading and failure processes, as well as properties of the underlying fault structure. Traditional approaches to characterizing geometrical attributes of seismicity rely on assumed locations and geometry of fault surfaces, particularly at depth, where resolution is overall quite poor. In this study, we develop an alternative approach to quantifying geometrical properties of seismicity using techniques from anisotropic point process theory. Our approach does not require prior knowledge about the underlying fault properties. We characterize the geometrical attributes of 32 distinct seismicity regions in California and introduce a simple four class classification scheme that covers the range of geometrical properties observed. Most of the regions classified as having localized seismicity are within northern California, while nearly all of the regions classified as having distributed seismicity are within southern California. In addition, we find that roughly 1 out of 4 regions exhibit orthogonal seismicity structures. The results of this study provide a foundation for future analyses of geometrical properties of seismicity and new observables to compare with numerical modelling studies.
Algorithms and Organizing
Authors: Laapotti Tomi , Raappana Mitra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlgorithms are a ubiquitous part of organizations as they enable, guide, and restrict organizing at the level of everyday interactions. This essay focuses on algorithms and organizing by reviewing the literature on algorithms in organizations, examining the viewpoint of relationality and relational agency on algorithms and organizing, exploring the properties of algorithms, and concluding what these mean from an organizational communication viewpoint. Algorithms need data to be collected. The data are always biased, and algorithms exclude everything that is not in their code. They define what is seen as important. Their operating principles are opaque, and they are political due to human interference. Algorithms are not just used. Rather, they are co-actors in organizing. We argue that algorithms demand rethinking communication in the communicative constitution of organizations and call for more empirical research emphasizing the properties of algorithms, the relationality of algorithms, and the temporality of the materialization of algorithms.
A Fish-Like Soft-Robotic Model Generates a Diversity of Swimming Patterns
Authors: Wolf Zane , Lauder George V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fish display a versatile array of swimming patterns, and frequently demonstrate the ability to switch between these patterns altering kinematics as necessary. Many hard and soft robotic systems have sought to understand a variety of aspects pertaining to undulatory swimming, but most have been built to focus solely on a subset of those swimming patterns. We have expanded upon a previous soft robotic model, the pneufish, so that it can now simulate a variety of swimming patterns, much like a real fish. We explore the performance space available for this longer soft robotic model, which we call the quad-pneufish, with particular attention to the effects on lateral forces and z-torques produced during locomotion. We show that the quad-pneufish is capable of achieving a variety of midline patterns—including more realistic, fish-like patterns—and introducing a slight amount of co-activation between the left and right sides maintains forward thrust while decreasing lateral forces, indicating an increase in swimming efficiency. Robotic systems that are capable of producing an array of swimming movement patterns hold promise as experimental platforms for studying the diversity of fish locomotor patterns.
Addressing Diverse Motivations to Enable Bioinspired Design
Authors: Barley William C , Ruge-Jones Luisa , Wissa Aimy , Suarez Andrew V , Alleyne Marianne 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisBioinspired design (BID) is an inherently interdisciplinary practice that connects fundamental biological knowledge with the capabilities of engineering solutions. This paper discusses common social challenges inherent to interdisciplinary research, and specific to collaborating across the disciplines of biology and engineering when practicing BID. We also surface best practices that members of the community have identified to help address these challenges. To accomplish this goal, we address challenges of bioinspiration through a lens of recent findings within the social scientific study of interdisciplinary teams. We propose three challenges faced in BID: (1) complex motivations across collaborating researchers, (2) misperceptions of relationships and benefits between biologists and engineers, and (3) institutionalized barriers that disincentivize interdisciplinary work. We advance specific recommendations for addressing each of these challenges.
Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG – III. Effects on outer kinematic structure
Authors: Wang Yunchong , Mao Shude , Vogelsberger Mark , Springel Volker , Hernquist Lars , Wechsler Risa H 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Early-type galaxies (ETGs) possess total density profiles close to isothermal, which can lead to non-Gaussian line-of-sight velocity dispersion (LOSVD) under anisotropic stellar orbits. However, recent observations of local ETGs in the MASSIVE Survey reveal outer kinematic structures at 1.5Reff (effective radius) that are inconsistent with fixed isothermal density profiles; the authors proposed varying density profiles as an explanation. We aim to verify this conjecture and understand the influence of stellar assembly on these kinematic features through mock ETGs in IllustrisTNG. We create mock Integral-Field-Unit observations to extract projected stellar kinematic features for 207 ETGs with stellar mass $M_{\ast }\geqslant 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ in TNG100-1. The mock observations reproduce the key outer (1.5Reff) kinematic structures in the MASSIVE ETGs, including the puzzling positive correlation between velocity dispersion profile outer slope γouter and the kurtosis h4’s gradient. We find that h4 is uncorrelated with stellar orbital anisotropy beyond Reff; instead, we find that the variations in γouter and outer h4 (a good proxy for h4 gradient) are both driven by variations of the density profile at the outskirts across different ETGs. These findings corroborate the proposed conjecture and rule out velocity anisotropy as the origin of non-Gaussian outer kinematic structure in ETGs. We also find that the outer kurtosis and anisotropy correlate with different stellar assembly components, with the former related to minor mergers or flyby interactions while the latter is mainly driven by major mergers, suggesting distinct stellar assembly origins that decorrelates the two quantities.
X-ray constraint for the unseen companion of V723 Mon: it is a mass-gap black hole rather than binary neutron stars
Authors: Li (李彦) Yan , Qiao (乔二林) Erlin , Shen (申荣锋) Rong-Feng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, the red giant V723 Mon is reported to have an unseen companion with a mass of 3.04 ± 0.06 M⊙, but question remains about whether it is a single (thus the so-called mass-gap) black hole or an inner binary of two more ordinary compact objects (neutron stars or white dwarfs). In this work, we estimate the X-ray emission by considering the wind-fed accretion from V723 Mon on to the compact companion. We analyse three different scenarios of the dark companion, i.e. a single black hole, binary neutron stars, and binary of a neutron star and a white dwarf. We show that the single black hole is the most favoured scenario. We also calculate the synchrotron emission from the bow shock caused by the interaction of the compact companion with the wind. We find that this emission peaks at ∼0.1–1 GHz, with a flux density of ∼1 mJy, which is expected to be detected by observations with higher angular resolution in the future.
Antimicrobial therapy for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease improved hearing loss and normalized myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody level: A case report
Authors: Tomishima Yutaka , Suda Masei , Tamaki Hiromichi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Several case reports have indicated that nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease is associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. However, the effect of the treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease on anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides remains unclear. An asymptomatic 80-year-old woman presented with nodular bronchiectasis. After 1 year, she developed a productive cough. Mycobacterial culture of the respiratory specimen revealed Mycobacterium avium. She was diagnosed with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease based on the criteria proposed by the American Thoracic Society. Concurrently, she had hearing loss, tinnitus, and weight loss. A blood test showed an elevated level of myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (107 IU/mL, normal level: &lt;3.5 IU/mL). Bilateral otitis media with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis was diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Japan Otological Society. After starting antimicrobial agents for the nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, her pulmonary symptoms and hearing loss improved, and the level of myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody normalized. No immunosuppressive treatment was administered. The present case suggests that nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease can cause otitis media with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, and antimicrobial treatment for the nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease may resolve otitis media with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides.
Indefinite
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Indefinite is the first major ethnographic study of American jails since the advent of racialized mass incarceration. The author was confined in a southern California county jail system during which time he conducted what he calls an organic ethnography of jail life. The resulting study is an investigation of the vagaries of jail living, the relationship between custodial deputies and penal residents, the endurance strategies residents employed to protect their emotional selves from being overwhelmed by the nature of jail punishment, and consequences of extremes of vulnerability, uncertainty, and penal time. Indefinite toggles between what is peculiar to jail time and what is familiar in broader social life to develop general concepts, sensitizing schemes, and theories about social life that expand beyond the specifics of jail without reducing jail to a mere case study.
The Rep System
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the defining features of the Golden County jail social structure is the “rep”—a general population resident to whom deputies devolved certain authorities and who were given privileges to aid deputies in the more efficient management of general population housing units. To explain how “the rep system” of management works, the chapter opens with a discussion of the significance of race making by deputies such that there is a “rep” for each of three racialized groups in every general population housing unit. It describes the role of the “rep” as an example of a kind of management system that is common beyond penal walls. Most importantly, this chapter details the responsibilities and privileges the reps have, because the reps are vital to the social order of every general population housing unit.
“Court Bodies”
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter is a journey of sorts through the feelings and behaviors common to residents on the days scheduled for in-custody court appearances. This chapter is driven by two goals. One aim is to detail how in-custody court appearances concentrated uncertainty and vulnerability for penal residents. For residents hoping for an adjudicatory decision of one kind or another, a court appearance presented the possibility that something would be done to bring about a conclusion to the tetherlessness of jail time. Usually, however, court appearances resulted in continuances and acute depressive states. The other aim is to analyze the relationship between time and social behavior—violence, in particular. Court days were more dangerous for general population residents than any other procedural period, but those dangers followed the arc of a day’s time, moving from relatively low likelihoods of violence to high likelihoods, and back to relatively low likelihoods of violence again.
Time
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Whereas Chapter 6 covers many of the endurance strategies residents used to protect their emotional selves, Chapter 7 describes what happened when those endurance strategies inevitably failed: hard time. In this chapter, “hard time” or “hard-timing-it” are defined and explained as a breakdown of the emotional fortitude necessary to endure the strictures of jail time. Part of the problem is that we have a very different relationship to “penal time” than we do free society time, and the author details those differences to explore how residents made sense of themselves relative to “time” as an objectified thing—a task and personified beast of sorts.
The Imperial Project
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While many elements of royal ideology and the sophisticated administrative apparatus that developed under the Achaemenid Empire are not fully traceable until later rulers, it is clear that Cyrus the Great laid the foundations. This is manifest in various ways, but in particular the plan and construction of Cyrus’ new capital of Pasargadae in modern Fars. The new city was not complete during Cyrus’ reign, but his influence is clear throughout. Cyrus operationalized discrete elements of Persian and Elamite traditions with those of Assyrian and Babylonian kingship to forge a new imperial vision, one adapted and expanded upon by his dynastic successors.
Introduction
Authors: Townsend Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Though George Berkeley has long been understood to have played a role in the formation of the thing we call ‘Romanticism’, the precise nature of that role—and of the relation of idealist and empiricist philosophy to Romanticism—is not well understood. The introduction sets up the terms of the inquiry that follows, from ‘immaterialism’ to the model of nature as a divine language that preoccupied Berkeley and the Romantics alike, and it also gives a sense of the stakes of that inquiry: to understand Berkeley’s role within Romantic thought is to begin to understand the larger question, in the eighteenth century and beyond, of the relation of philosophic and poetic forms, and of Romanticism’s place within the history of ideas.