bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A paleoecological context to assess the development of oak forest in Colombia: A comment on Zorilla‐Azcué, S., Gonzalez‐Rodríguez, A., Oyama, K., González, M.A., & Rodríguez‐Correa, H., The DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes. Ecology and Evolution 2021, doi: 10.100‐2/ece3.7529
Authors: Hooghiemstra Henry , Cleef Antoine M. , Flantua Suzette G. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present “comment” on Zorilla‐Azcué et al.’s paper “The DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes. Ecology and Evolution 2021, doi:10.100‐2/ece3.7529” provides the paleoecological understanding of oak forest since Quercus became apparent in the Northern Andes three glacial–interglacial cycles ago. The interpretation of phylogeographical data is placed in an up‐to‐date paleoecological context. We arrived at sharper conclusions how genetic diversity between Q. humboldtii populations might have been driven by the dynamic environmental theatre of the recent Pleistocene. This paleoecological context also serves the potential future analyses of other arboreal taxa from the Andean montane forest belt. We show that hypotheses to be tested should grow out of phylogenetic analysis and paleoecological understanding together.
Leapfrog migration and residents: New migratory habits in Swedish Greylag geese
Authors: Nilsson Lovisa , Olsson Camilla , Elmberg Johan , Bunnefeld Nils , Liljebäck Niklas , Månsson Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnowledge about intraspecific and individual variation in bird migration behavior is important to predict spatiotemporal distribution, patterns of phenology, breeding success, and interactions with the surrounding environment (e.g., human livelihoods). Such variation is key to adaptive, evolutionary responses, i.e., how individuals respond spatiotemporally to the environment to maximize fitness. In this study we used GPS location data from one to three full annual cycles from 76 Greylag geese (Anser anser) to test the hypothesis that geese originating at five latitudinally separated capture sites in Sweden have different migration strategies. We also assessed individual consistency in movement strategy over consecutive annual cycles. We used the scale‐independent net squared displacement modeling framework to quantify variables of autumn and spring migration for geese from each capture site: distance, timing, and duration. Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between migration distance and latitudinal origin. Geese from the northernmost site on average migrated farther south and about 15 times as far as the short‐moving or resident geese from the two southernmost sites. Movement strategies of individual geese varied considerably both within and among capture sites. Individual consistency in movement strategy from one annual cycle to the consecutive was high in geese from the northern sites moving the farthest, whereas the resident or short‐moving geese from the southernmost sites generally showed lower or no individual consistency. These changes have come about during a time span so short (i.e., ca. 35 years or 8–10 generations) that it can unlikely be explained by classical Darwinian between‐generation adaptation. Consequently, and given that young geese follow their parents during their first migration, we presume an important role of within‐family, inter‐generation change as a driver behind the large‐scale changed migration habits in Swedish Greylag geese.
Left ventricular output indices and sacubitril/valsartan titration: role of stroke volume index
Authors: Tolomeo Paolo , Zucchetti Ottavio , D'Aniello Emanuele , Punzo Noemi , Marchini Federico , Di Ienno Luca , Tonet Elisabetta , Pavasini Rita , Rapezzi Claudio , Campo Gianluca , Serenelli Matteo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the role of echocardiographically determined left ventricular output indices on sacubitril/valsartan titration in a cohort of outpatients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsWe analysed 106 HFrEF patients who underwent echocardiography examination up to 1 week before starting treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. For each patient, a comprehensive list of clinical and laboratory parameters was collected, and stroke volume index (SVi), cardiac index, and flow rate were calculated. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of complete titration of sacubitril/valsartan. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (hypotension and renal adverse events). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify variables associated with the primary and secondary endpoints. Mean age of patients was 73.7 ± 10.4 years, 72 patients (71.7%) had ischaemic aetiology of HF, and mean ejection fraction was 29.4 ± 5.9%. At multivariate analysis, SVi [odds ratio (OR) 1.43 per 5 mL/m2 increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.97; P = 0.028], serum sodium (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37; P = 0.022), and haemoglobin (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.40; P = 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of titration during follow‐up. Multivariate analysis for the secondary endpoint showed SVi (OR 0.63 per 5 mL/m2 increase, 95% CI 0.44–0.90; P = 0.012) and New York Heart Association Class III (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.07–6.5; P = 0.034) to be associated with hypotension.ConclusionsStroke volume index is positively associated with complete titration of sacubitril/valsartan. Patients with low SVi are more prone to experience hypotension during titration
Movement therapy in advanced heart failure assisted by a lightweight wearable robot: a feasibility pilot study
Authors: Just Isabell Anna , Fries Denis , Loewe Sina , Falk Volkmar , Cesarovic Nikola , Edelmann Frank , Feuerstein Anna , Haufe Florian L. , Xiloyannis Michele , Riener Robert , Schoenrath Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this pilot study was to investigate the safety, feasibility, tolerability, and acceptability of an assisted mobilization of advanced heart failure patients, using a lightweight, exoskeleton‐type robot (Myosuit, MyoSwiss AG, Zurich, Switzerland).Methods and resultsTwenty patients in functional NYHA class III performed activities of daily life (ADL, n = 10) or participated in a single, standardized, 60 min rehabilitation exercise unit (REU, n = 10) with and without the Myosuit. The outcome assessment included the evaluation of vital signs, adverse events, rates of perceived exertion and dyspnoea (RPE, RPD), the ability to perform ADL or REU, and the individual acceptability. The mean age of the subjects was 49.4 (±11.0) years; 80% were male. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 22.1% (±7.4%) and the median NT‐proBNP 2054 pg/mL (IQR 677, 3270 pg/mL). In all patients, mobilization with the Myosuit was feasible independently or with minor support. The mean individual difference in the total walking distance of the patients without and with robotic assistance was −26.5 m (95% confidence interval (CI) −142 to 78 m, P = 0.241). No adverse events occurred. RPE and RPD showed no significant difference with or without the device (ADL: RPE −0.1 m, 95% CI −1.42 to 1.62, P = 0.932 and RPD −0.95 m, 95% CI −0.38 to 2.28, P = 0.141; REU: RPE 1.1 m, 95% CI −2.90 to 0.70, P = 0.201 and RPD 0.5 m, 95% CI −2.02 to 1.02, P = 0.435). All median responses in the acceptability questionnaire were positive. The patients felt safe and enjoyed the experience; 85% would be interested in participating in robot‐assisted training on a regular basis.ConclusionThis feasibility pilot trial provides first indications that a robotic exoskeleton‐assisted mobilization of patients with advanced heart failure is safe, feasible, well‐tolerated, and well‐accepted. The results are highly encouraging to further pursue this innovative approach in rehabilitation programmes. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04839133.
Design of tubular high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEM‐FCs): Development, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Bermúdez Agudelo María Catalina , Hampe Manfred J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFuel cells (FCs) have gained a prominent position in recent years within the scientific community and the energy market as an alternative to mitigate the inherent problems in the energy production based on fossil fuels such as the constant reduction of nonrenewable resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. The versatility of high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) FCs, together with their high efficiency and potentially better performance compared to their counterparts, makes them an excellent candidate to accelerate the transition to more environmental friendly energy sources and processes. In recent years, notable developments in this technology have been reported, focusing on the cell components in a planar arrangement, which is the predominant design for all PEM‐FCs. Alternative designs are lagging, even though tubular and conical structures can eventually enhance the power density, decrease sealing areas, and reduce fabrication costs. A lack of information regarding the transition between geometries makes the development and evaluation process tedious and challenging for unconventional architectures. This manuscript describes the development of a novel HT‐PEM‐FC, pointing out the challenges faced during component manufacturing and the proposed tubular FC perspectives.
High‐pressure under‐expanded hydrogen leakage model considering gas‐wall friction loss
Authors: Wu Zhifei , Li Tekuai , Xiang Yuxia , He Mengfan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe integral model is used to predict the concentration field, only suitable for low‐pressure leakage, while the virtual nozzle model is widely used in high‐pressure leakage but ignores the friction between the hydrogen and the tube wall during the leakage. We modified the virtual nozzle model by adding the gas‐wall friction loss term to the momentum conservation equation. A theoretical model of a high‐pressure under‐expanded jet is proposed by combining the integral model with the improved virtual nozzle model, which was validated by a series of helium (instead of hydrogen) dispersion in an unenclosed environment. And then the high‐pressure hydrogen leakage system was set up to investigate hydrogen concentration along the centerline of the jet was measured under different pressures. Results show that the mole fractions along with the axial distance all comply with the hyperbolic decay law. Within the range of 40 cm < z < 100 cm, at other pressures of 1, 2, 4 MPa, the minimum deviations of high‐pressure under‐expanded hydrogen leakage prediction model and experiments are 1.67%, 1.37%, 1.33%, respectively. The study is adequately precise to predict high‐pressure leakage concentration and also gives ideas about the installation position of the hydrogen sensor in engineering.
prepareforleap: An automated tool for fast PDB‐to‐parameter generation
Authors: Roe Daniel R. , Bergonzo Christina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSetting up molecular dynamics simulations from experimentally determined structures is often complicated by a variety of factors, particularly the inclusion of carbohydrates, since these have several anomer types which can be linked in a variety of ways. Here we present a stand‐alone tool implemented in the widely‐used software CPPTRAJ that can be used to automate building structures and generating a “ready to run” parameter and coordinate file pair. This tool automatically identifies carbohydrate anomer type, configuration, linkage, and functional groups, and performs topology modifications (e.g., renaming residue/atom names) required to build the final system using state of the art GLYCAM force field parameters. It will also generate the necessary commands for bonding carbohydrates and creating any disulfide bonds.
Elevated AST/ALT ratio is associated with all‐cause mortality and cancer incident
Authors: Chen Wangyang , Wang Weibo , Zhou Lingling , Zhou Jun , He Lianping , Li Jiayi , Xu Xinyue , Wang Jixi , Wang Liangyou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aspartate transaminase (AST)‐to‐alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, which is used to measure liver injury, has been found to be associated with some chronic diseases and mortality. However, its relevance to cancer incidence resulting from population‐based prospective studies has rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the correlation of the AST/ALT ratio as a possible predictor of mortality and cancer incidence.MethodsA total of 9,946 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a basic public health service project of the Health Checkup Program conducted by the BaiYun Community Health Service Center, Taizhou. Deceased participants and cancer incident cases were from The Taizhou Chronic Disease Information Management System. Odds ratios (ORs) and interval of quartile range (IQR) computed by logistic regression analysis and cumulative incidence rate were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier survival method and compared with log‐rank test statistics.ResultsSerum ALT and AST levels were both increased in patients with chronic diseases, but the ratio of AST/ALT was generally decreased. The cancer incident cases (488 new cases) had a greater baseline ratio (median =1.23, IQR: 0.96–1.54) than noncancer cases (median =1.15, IQR: 0.91–1.44). Compared to the first quartile of the AST/ALT ratio, the population in the top quartile had a higher cumulative cancer incidence rate (7.54% vs. 4.44%) during follow‐up period. Furthermore, an elevated AST/ALT ratio increased the risk of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe ratio of AST/ALT is a potential biomarker to assess healthy conditions and long‐term mortality. Especially for cancer, the AST/ALT ratio not only increases at baseline but also predicts the future development of cancer. The clinical value and potential mechanism deserve further research.
Selective preparation of bio‐based high‐value chemical of cresol with Cu‐MOF catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Wu Xiaoping , He Yuting , Luo Yuehui , Yang Mingyu , Fan Minghui , Li Quanxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of efficient synthetic pathways for bio‐based chemicals is beneficial to sustainable development of the chemical industry. However, directional production of phenolic chemicals using lignocellulose remains a challenging issue, because the reaction paths as well as intermediates in the catalytic transformation of lignocellulose are often complicated.RESULTSBio‐based cresol can be selectively prepared from lignocellulose biomass. This steerable transformation has been achieved by lignocellulose catalytic pyrolysis to aromatic intermediates over a magnetic oxide‐modified zeolite catalyst (Fe3O4@HZSM‐5) and intermediate hydroxylation to cresol over a metal–organic framework catalyst (Cu‐MOF). Based on the analysis of intermediates and on catalyst characterization, the corresponding reaction pathways are put forward. Using the Cu‐MOF catalyst, the highest selectivity of cresol (81.5%) and the highest conversion (76.8%) were gained at 40 °C in 4 h.CONCLUSIONSThe work presented proves that an important phenolic chemical (cresol) can be selectively prepared from lignocellulose raw materials. The Cu‐MOF catalyst shows superior performance and good reusability in the bio‐cresol synthesis. Reactive oxygen species take a prominent role in the cresol synthesis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparative transcriptome analysis for the biosynthesis of antioxidant exopolysaccharide in Streptococcus thermophilusCS6
Authors: Zhou Yang , Cui Yanhua , Qu Xiaojun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood grade Streptococcus thermophilus produces biological exopolysaccharides (EPSs) with great potential with respect to catering for higher health‐promoting demands; however, how S. thermophilus regulates the biosynthesis of EPS is not completely understood, decelerating the application of these polymers. In our previous study, maltose, soy peptone and initial pH were three key factors of enhancing EPS yield in S. thermophilus CS6. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the regulating mechanisms of EPS biosynthesis in S. thermophilus CS6 via the method of comparative transcriptome and differential carbohydrate metabolism.RESULTSSoy peptone addition (58.6 g L−1) and a moderate pH (6.5) contributed to a high bacterial biomass and a high EPS yield (407 mg L−1). Maltose, soy peptone and initial pH greatly influenced lactose utilization in CS6. Soy peptone addition induced a high accumulation of mannose and arabinose in intracellular CS6, differential monosaccharide composition (mannose, glucose and arabinose) in EPS and high radical [2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)] scavenging activities. Carbohydrate transportation, sugar activation and eps cluster‐associated genes were differentially expressed to regulate EPS biosynthesis. Correlation analysis indicated high production of EPSs depended on high expression of lacS, galPMKUTE, pgm, gt2‐5&4‐1 and epsLM.CONCLUSIONThe production of antioxidant EPS in S. thermophilus CS6 depended on the regulation of galactose metabolism cluster and eps cluster. The present study recommends a new approach for enhancing EPS production by transcriptomic regulation for further food and health application of EPS. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Survey of Pediatric Otolaryngology Frenotomy Practice Patterns
Authors: Dhir Sanidhya , Landau Barcleigh P. , Edemobi Stefan , Meyer Anna K. , Durr Megan L. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesAssess current frenotomy practice patterns of pediatric otolaryngologists via a cross‐sectional survey.Study DesignSurvey study.MethodsA 31‐question electronic survey assessing frenotomy practice patterns was distributed to all American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) members. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses and demographics of respondents.ResultsOf all ASPO members, 41% (240/588) completed the survey. Most respondents, 185 (77%), reported increased frenotomy referrals over the last 5 years and 144 (60%) described the current number of referrals as “too many.” The two primary lingual frenotomy indications identified in infants were: breastfeeding/nipple pain (92%) and inability to latch (83%). For older children, speech difficulty (87%) was the primary indication. Maxillary frenotomy indications in infants varied amongst respondents. For analgesia during in‐office frenotomy procedures, respondents used glucose/sucrose drops (48%), topical lidocaine (29%), or no pain control measure (27%). For post‐procedure care, respondents recommended continuing lactation support (45%), massaging/stretching the wound (38%), or none (40%). Most respondents, 143 (60%), reported having seen a complication from frenotomy, and the most reported frenotomy complications were frenulum re‐attachment and excessive bleeding.ConclusionsIn the last 5 years, otolaryngologists have seen an increase in referrals for frenotomy. Pediatric otolaryngologists have varying practice patterns with regards to ankyloglossia diagnosis and treatment. The reported indications for frenotomy varied amongst pediatric otolaryngologists especially with respect to maxillary frenotomy. Practice patterns also varied with respect to procedural pain control and frenotomy aftercare recommendations. More frenotomy research is needed to establish a standard of care for patients with ankyloglossia.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:2505–2512, 2022
Functional Mesostructured Electrospun Polymer Nonwovens with Supramolecular Nanofibers
Authors: Frank Andreas , Weber Melina , Hils Christian , Mansfeld Ulrich , Kreger Klaus , Schmalz Holger , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFunctional, hierarchically mesostructured nonwovens are of fundamental importance because complex fiber morphologies increase the active surface area and functionality allowing for the effective immobilization of metal nanoparticles. Such complex functional fiber morphologies clearly widen the property profile and enable the preparation of more efficient and selective filter media. Here, the realization of hierarchically mesostructured nonwovens with barbed wire‐like morphology is demonstrated by combining electrospun polystyrene fibers, decorated with patchy worm‐like micelles, with solution‐processed supramolecular short fibers composed of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamides with peripheral N,N‐diisopropylaminoethyl substituents. The worm‐like micelles with a patchy microphase‐separated corona are prepared by crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of a polyethylene based triblock terpolymer and deposited on top of the polystyrene fibers by coaxial electrospinning. The micelles are designed in a way that their patches promote the directed self‐assembly of the 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide and the fixation of the supramolecular nanofibers on the supporting polystyrene fibers. Functionality of the mesostructured nonwoven is provided by the peripheral N,N‐diisopropylaminoethyl substituents of the 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide and proven by the effective immobilization of individual palladium nanoparticles on the supramolecular nanofibers. The preparation of hierarchically mesostructured nonwovens and their shown functionality demonstrate that such systems are attractive candidates to be used for example in filtration, selective separation and heterogenous catalysis.
Visualization of Solvent‐Induced Structure Evolution in Cyclodextrin Polyrotaxane Gels
Authors: Li Wei‐Zhen , Li Xiaopei , Yang Fan , Chen Yulan , Wang Yi‐Xuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclodextrin (CD)‐based polyrotaxanes (PR) are widely used to construct high‐mechanical‐performance materials because of the high degree of conformational freedom. However, strong hydrogen bonds between CDs greatly limit the application of CD‐PR in the preparation of ductile neutral hydrogels. In this work, spiropyrane (SP) into α‐CD‐based PR is introduced to “visualize” the segment motion of the network in neutral water. The aggregation‐induced cohesion and critical factors for the force transmission are disclosed. This system offers a new approach for the fundamental research for the complicated topologically cross‐linked structures, which is important for the design of CD‐PR‐based biocompatible soft materials.
Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Mechanical Durability in Ternary Solar Cells Enabled by Low‐Cost Incompletely Separated Fullerenes
Authors: Sun Yanna , Ma Ruijie , Kan Yuanyuan , Liu Tao , Zhou Kangkang , Liu Pengke , Fang Jin , Chen Yiyao , Ye Long , Ma Changqi , Yan He , Gao Ke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) are one of the most promising application‐oriented organic photovoltaic technologies due to their excellent operational and mechanical stability. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are mostly lower than 16%, restricting their core competitiveness. Furthermore, the improvement of mechanical durability is rarely paid attention to cutting‐edge all‐PSCs. This work deploys a low‐cost “technical grade” PCBM (incompletely separated but pure mixtures containing ≥90% [70]PCBM or [60]PCBM), into the efficient PM6:PY‐IT all‐polymer blend, successfully yielding a high‐performance ternary device with 16.16% PCE, among the highest PCE values for all‐PSCs. Meanwhile, an excellent mechanical property (i.e., crack onset strain = 11.1%) promoted from 9.5% for the ternary system is also demonstrated. The “technical grade” PCBM slightly disrupts the crystallization of polymers, and disperses well into the amorphous polymer regions of the all‐PSC blends, thus facilitating charge transport and improving film ductility simultaneously. All these results confirm introducing low‐cost “technical grade” PCBM with high electron mobility into all‐polymer blends can improve carrier mobility, reduce charge recombination, and optimize morphology of the amorphous polymer regions, thus yielding more efficient and mechanically durable all‐PSCs.