bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Blockchain for Autobiographical Memory in Cognitive Robotics
Authors: Porras Eva R. , Sánchez-Escribano M. Guadalupe 
Published: April 2022

Memory in biological beings is as complex as the rational complexity of that concrete being requires. Clearly, memory helps to conform knowledge bases to serve the needs of the specific natural being. To analogize from Robotics concepts, it seems that the degrees of freedom in the biological being’s memory are higher or lower depending upon the rationality of each living being.Robots and artificial systems appear to require analogous structures. That is, to build a reactive system, the requirement of memory is not highly demanding with respect to the degrees of freedom. However, the required degrees of freedom seems to grow as the ability of the artificial system to deliberate increases. Consequently, to design artificial systems that would implement cognitive abilities, it is required to rethink memory structures.When designing a Cognitive Artificial System, memory systems should be thought of as highly accessible discrete units. In addition, these systems would require designs in the form of distributed architectures with non-linear features, such as those of human thought. In addition, they should allow for complex mixed types of data (text, images, time or so).Blockchain has attracted great interest for a few years now, especially since the appearance of Bitcoin. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that combines an append-only data structure designed to be resistant to modifications, with a consensus protocol [1,2]. This innovation can be thought of as a sequence of containers, the blocks, that store two things: the information of a “system” and the “service” that such system provides [2], and it provides an interesting starting point to rethink memory systems in robots.
T-Cell Receptor Dependent and Independent NF-kappa B Activation is a Prognostic Marker and a Therapeutic Target in Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified
Authors: Navari Mohsen , Etebari Maryam , Ricci Francesca , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Agostinelli Claudio , Went Philip , Gibellini Davide , Piccaluga Pier Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS) is the commonest subtype of PTCL. NF–kB related molecules have been found to be variably expressed in PTCL/NOS, suggesting a potential involvement of the NF–kB system in their pathogenesis. However, the actual contribution of NF–kB molecular programs to the PTCL/NOS landscape has not been investigated yet.
In this study, we assessed in a large series of PTCL/NOS, the activation status of NF–kB programs and investigated the prognostic impact of such NF–kB expression. Moreover, we explored the possible role of NF–kB inhibitors. We studied the gene expression profiles of 180 PTCL cases and tested two different drugs, the IKK inhibitor BMS-345541 and the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, in four PTCL cell lines.
We found that most cases (84%) presented with some degree of NF–kB activation, based on the expression of REL and RELA. Functionally, the latter was strictly related with TCR signaling activation, while REL was at least partially TCR independent. We also identified genes related with NF–kB activation in this setting that were mainly involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. Further, by reverse engineering we defined the transcriptional network of both REL and RELA in PTCLs that only partially overlapped. On the clinical ground, we found that RELA expression was related to a significantly poorer overall survival, with similar trends for REL. However, most remarkably, when all the three genes were considered together, cases with at least one gene over-expressed, showed a dramatically inferior overall survival (28.67 vs. 56.018 months; p = 0.004). Finally, we showed that NF–kB pharmacological inhibition was associated with cell cycle arrest and cell death in NF–kB positive PTCL cells.
In conclusion, we extensively explored NF–kB activation in PTCL/NOS, documenting its negative prognostic role. Further, we showed that NF–kB inhibition might represent a rational therapeutic approach in selected cases.
The Effectiveness of Membrane Materials in Green Alternative Energy and Environmental Technologies
Authors: Saleh Hosam M. , Hassan Amal I. 
Published: April 2022

Green process engineering, which is founded on the concepts of the process intensification approach, can make a significant contribution to industrial sustainability. Green process engineering refers to new equipment and procedures that are intended to result in significant improvements in chemical and other manufacturing and processing elements. It entails lowering production costs, equipment size, energy consumption, waste creation, as well as boosting remote control, information flow, and process flexibility. Membrane-based technology aids in the pursuit of these ideals, and the potential of membrane operations has recently been extensively acknowledged. The efficacy of fuel cells is dependent on the correct design of the electrodes and membrane, which allows for simple access to oxygen and protons. The use of non-precious catalytic electrodes based on recyclable carbon nanostructures is critical for producing clean energy and increasing the commercialization potential of fuel cells. Green hydrogen will play a significant part in future fuel supply chains, covering 15% to 20% of the world’s energy demands. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is one method, where hydrogen may be utilized to generate electricity. This paper begins by providing an overview of membrane electrolytes in fuel cells and the generation of energy. Moreover, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as one of the most promising power generators capable of providing clean energy sources, particularly for transportation and stationary cogeneration applications. Finally, it will shed light on the role of green or renewable hydrogen in future fuel cells and achievement sustainability.
Multidisciplinary Lupus Nephritis Clinic Reduces Time to Renal Biopsy and Improves Care Quality
Authors: Garg Shivani , Singh Tripti , Panzer Sarah E. , Astor Brad C. , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePatients with lupus nephritis (LN) have a 26‐fold higher mortality rate compared with their peers. Kidney biopsy, the gold standard diagnostic method for LN, may have an average wait time of more than 50 days. Other gaps in quality process measures during LN visits have also been reported. A subspecialty multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) can provide better care and quality in LN; therefore, we aimed to examine how an LN MDC impacted time to biopsy, time to treatment, and other quality measures.MethodsWe included all validated patients with LN who underwent diagnostic kidney biopsies between the 2011 to 2017 pre‐MDC period and the 2018 to 2020 post‐MDC period. We compared time to biopsy and treatment and quality measures between the two periods and examined factors associated with timely LN diagnosis, defined as a biopsy within 21 days.ResultsDuring the pre‐ and post‐MDC periods, 53 and 21 patients with LN underwent a diagnostic biopsy, respectively. We found a decrease in the median time to biopsy from 26 days to 16 days after starting the LN clinic (P = 0.014). Beyond clinical factors, the presence of social factors, such as being of a non‐White race and having food insecurity, were associated with 54% lower odds of timely diagnosis (adjusted Hazards Ratio [aHR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.22‐0.93; P = 0.031). We found higher odds of quality measure performance during the post‐ versus pre‐MDC period.ConclusionWait times to diagnose LN decreased by 40% and higher quality measure performance was noted after establishing an LN MDC. Systemic and social barriers predicted delays in diagnosis that may be addressed by MDCs.
Highly Efficient and Long‐Range Charge‐Transfer Complex Emission Between Two Blue Phosphorescent Emitters for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lim Junseop , Han Si Hyun , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, the authors report on charge‐transfer (CT) complex emission‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), which emit light by electric field‐induced intermolecular CT complex formation in the light‐emitting layer. Two phosphorescent materials are chosen to have energy level offset for the CT complex formation. This process generates the CT complex, which efficiently emits only in the electroluminescent device by electric‐field‐induced complex formation. A phenylpyridine‐ligand‐based Ir compound and phenylimidazole‐based Ir compounds are selected as the CT complex‐forming materials, and the CT complex exhibits yellow emission under an electric field. Moreover, the doping of the two compounds in the host material produces white OLEDs, exhibiting both blue emission and yellow emission at a quantum efficiency of 13.7%. In particular, the color of the CT complex device can be tuned by the content of each material in the emitting layer. As an initial result, the quantum efficiency is acceptable, and further material development would enhance the quantum efficiency of the CT complex OLEDs. This light‐emitting device can be used in various applications, e.g., a mono‐color or a white‐color light‐emitting diode.
Polydopamine‐Mediated Interfacial Functionalization of Implants for Accelerating Infected Bone Repair through Light‐Activatable Antibiosis and Carbon Monoxide Gas Regulated Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Yuan Zhang , Wu Jianshuang , Fu Zhenxiang , Meng Siyu , Dai Liangliang , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent treatments for implant‐associated infection remain unsatisfactory due to secondary infection and excessive inflammation, which impairs osseointegration. Herein, an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of a carbon monoxide gas (CO) nanogenerator on titanium implants, followed by covalently grafting arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) polypeptide. Under near‐infrared light (NIR) irradiation, the designed surface displays great light‐activatable antibiosis through CO‐potentiated mild photothermal therapy. Interestingly, the functionalized surface exerts a CO‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect by activating the expression of heme oxygenase (HO‐1), and inducing the down‐regulation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) (p50/p65). More importantly, the combination of CO delivery and RGD immobilization drives the polarization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated M1‐phenotype macrophages towards anti‐inflammatory M2‐phenotype through a potential Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (JAK1/STAT6) pathway, thereby remodeling the damaged microenvironment into a pro‐regenerative microenvironment. In a rat model of implant‐associated infection, the designed surface effectively eliminates the residual bacteria, alleviates the accompanying inflammation and mediates macrophage‐mediated immunomodulation, resulting in good osteogenesis. Together, these findings are a first report on the therapeutic potential of CO signal in the cascade of immunomodulation‐osteogenic differentiation. The functionalized implant may serve as a promising candidate in implant replacement surgeries.
Advances in Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Enabling a Greener Internet of Things
Authors: Panidi Julianna , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Schoetz Theresa , Prodromakis Themis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant strides in the last couple of years achieving high power conversion efficiencies (18% and 29%, respectively) and exceptional stability. Ultra‐flexible and environmentally stable organic and PSCs can effectively operate under various illumination settings. Herein, novel device concepts that comprise photovoltaic cells alone or in tandem with batteries or supercapacitors, acting as the main power supply to another microelectronic component, enabling self‐powered electronics for the Internet of Things (IoT) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the specific requirements posed by such applications to pave the way to large scale commercialization. The importance of supporting a greener IoT ecosystem by eliminating toxic materials and solvents in the device fabrication process is highlighted.
Low Melting Point Alloys Enabled Stiffness Tunable Advanced Materials
Authors: Hao Yangtai , Gao Jianye , Lv Yonggang , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStiffness tunable advanced materials have demonstrated their superiority and versatility in diverse areas, while the global pursuit of reversible, intelligent, and fast response for stiffness regulation is growing radically, leaving great challenges for traditional materials. As newly emerging functional metal material, the low melting point alloys (LMPAs) have shown encouraging potential in developing various stiffness regulation strategies owing to their excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties. This article is dedicated to presenting a comprehensive review of the LMPA‐enabled stiffness tunable materials from the aspects of material system, regulation principle and method, capability enabling mechanisms, and application scenarios. First, according to the structural differences, three kinds of LMPA‐enabled stiffness tunable material systems are evaluated. Then, the regulation strategies are elaborated from the fundamental LMPA modifications to dynamical external field controls, and the mainstream stiffness regulation modes are also combed out. Following that, the diversified applications of LMPA enabled stiffness tunable materials are systematically summarized and discussed. Finally, a perspective interpretation of the potentials and challenges of LMPA‐enabled stiffness tunable materials is provided. This article is expected to be important for guiding the future design of smart materials, functional entities, transformable robots, etc.
Hydrogel Bioadhesives with Extreme Acid‐Tolerance for Gastric Perforation Repairing
Authors: Chen Xingmei , Zhang Jun , Chen Guangda , Xue Yu , Zhang Jiajun , Liang Xiangyu , Lei Iek Man , Lin Jingsen , Xu Ben Bin , Liu Ji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogel bioadhesives have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to sutures and staples for wound sealing and repairing, owing to their unique advantages in biocompatibility, mechanical compliance, and minimally invasive manipulation. However, only a few hydrogel bioadhesives have been successfully used for gastric perforation repair, due to their undesirable swelling when in direct contact with extremely acidic gastric fluids, and are thereby accompanied by a gradually deteriorating adhesion performance. Herein, an acid‐tolerant hydrogel (ATGel) bioadhesive is developed, which integrates two distinct components, an acid‐tolerant hydrogel substrate and an adhesive polymer brush layer. The ATGel bioadhesive can form instant, atraumatic, fluid‐tight, and sutureless sealing of gastric perforation, and enable robust biointerfaces in direct contact with gastric fluids, addressing the key limitations with sutures and commercially‐available tissue adhesives. Moreover, in vivo investigation on gastric perforation of rat model validates the proposed acid‐tolerant bioadhesion, and identifies the mechanisms for accelerated gastric perforation repair through alleviated inflammation, which suppresses fibrosis and enhances angiogenesis.
Resolving the Mutually Exclusive Immune Responses of Chitosan with Nanomechanics and Immunological Assays
Authors: Lee Suyoung , Byun Seohyun , Lee Changhon , Park Sun Hee , Rudra Dipayan , Iwakura Yoichiro , Lee You Jeong , Im Sin‐Hyeog , Hwang Dong Soo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultifaceted functions displayed by both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory properties of chitosan hinder its effective development as an immunomodulatory agent. Herein, the contributions of the bending stiffness of chitosan with regard to its immune regulatory properties toward inflammation are investigated. The anti‐inflammatory properties of chitosan molecular weight (MW) with a shorter (≈1 kDa) or longer (≈15 kDa) than the persistent length (LP) are compared using immunological assays and nanomechanics‐based experiments on the surface forces apparatus (SFA). Interestingly, 1 kDa chitosan significantly enhances the generation of anti‐inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) through the Dectin‐1‐dependent pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on antigen‐presenting cells. SFA analyses also show a similar trend of interaction forces between chitosan and diverse PRRs depending on their MW. The results obtained in the immunological and nanomechanical experiments are consistent and imply that the binding features of PRRs vary depending on the MW of chitosan, which may alter immune activity. In accordance, in vivo administration of only 1 kDa represses inflammatory responses and suppresses the progression of experimental colitis. This study elucidates a previously unexplored bending stiffness‐dependent immune regulatory property of chitosan and suggests the applicability of low MW (rod‐like) chitosan as a pharmaceutical ingredient to treat diverse inflammatory disorders.
Nanocube Epitaxy for the Realization of Printable Monocrystalline Nanophotonic Surfaces
Authors: Capitaine Anna , Sciacca Beniamino 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticles of the highest quality can be obtained via colloidal synthesis at low‐cost. Despite the strong potential for integration in nanophotonic devices, the geometry of colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles is mostly limited to that of platonic solids. This is in stark contrast to nanostructures obtained by top‐down methods that offer unlimited capability for plasmon resonance engineering, but present poor material quality and have doubtful perspectives for scalability. Here, an approach that combines the best of the two worlds by transforming assemblies of single‐crystal gold nanocube building blocks into continuous monocrystalline plasmonic nanostructures with an arbitrary shape, via epitaxy in solution at near ambient temperature, is introduced. Nanocube dimers are used as a nanoreactor model system to investigate the mechanism in operando, revealing competitive redox processes of oxidative etching at the nanocube corners and simultaneous heterogeneous nucleation at their surface, that ensure filling of the sub‐nanometer gap in a self‐limited manner. Applying this procedure to nanocube arrays assembled in a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate, it is able to obtain printable monocrystalline nanoantenna arrays that can be swiftly integrated in devices. This may lead to the implementation of low‐cost nanophotonic surfaces of the highest quality in industrial products.
Stiffness Engineering of Ti3C2TX MXene‐Based Skin‐Inspired Pressure Sensor with Broad‐Range Ultrasensitivity, Low Detection Limit, and Gas Permeability
Authors: Hui Zengyu , Wang Pengfei , Yang Jia , Zhou Jinyuan , Huang Wei , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh sensitivity and broad sensing range are considered as two crucial parameters toward flexible and wearable piezoresistive pressure sensors for human healthcare, human–machine interfaces, robots, and so on. Though various strategies are developed to improve the sensor performance, the trade‐off between sensitivity and sensing range remains a bottleneck for device design. Besides, conventional pressure sensors without gas permeability normally cause discomfort and inflammation to the human skin. Herein, enlightened by the functions and structure of the human skin, this article proposes a stiffness engineering strategy for constructing Ti3C2TX MXene‐based porous spinosum structure to boost sensitivity over a broad detection range. Consequently, the as‐fabricated pressure sensor exhibits superior performance, including ultrahigh sensitivity of 367 kPa−1 over a widened detection range, a low detection limit of 1 Pa, good gas permeability, and exceptional mechanical stability over 5000 compression cycles at high pressure. Benefiting from such excellent performances, a variety of fancy applications in detecting static pressure, including physiological signals, stealth transmission, the magnitude and spatial distribution of external tactile stimuli, as well as differentiating spatiotemporal tactile stimuli, are demonstrated. It is believed that stiffness engineering is a universal strategy for tailoring the performance of other types of stress/strain sensors.
Hierarchical MXene@ZIF‐67 Film Based High Performance Tactile Sensor with Large Sensing Range from Motion Monitoring to Sound Wave Detection
Authors: Fu Xiyao , Zhao Lianjia , Yuan Zeyu , Zheng Yiqiang , Shulga Valerii , Han Wei , Wang Lili 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConductive two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) as active materials have demonstrated significant promise for applications in wearable electronic devices. However, the intrinsic high conductivity and poor structural stability of MXenes severely limits its application as a high‐performance flexible tactile sensor. To overcome these disadvantages, an interlayer hierarchical MXene/MOFs film was synthesized by intercalating poorly conductive ZIF‐67s octahedron crystals between highly conductive MXene nanosheets by vacuum‐assisted filtration. The alternating MXene and MOFs layers provided a 3D, interconnected conductive network that enhanced the variation range of the conductive path. The fabricated flexible sensing device featuring the MXene/MOFs hybrid active layers exhibited excellent sensing performance, with a sensitivity of 110.0 kPa−1, a fast response/recovery time of 15 ms/15 ms, and a broad pressure‐detection range of 0.0035–100 kPa. Owing to these merits, the fabricated sensor was capable of monitoring diverse stimuli over a large pressure range, such as recognizing finger movements, eyes blinking, pulses, and vibrations from musical instruments.
Multifunctional Touch Sensing and Antibacterial Polymer‐Based Core‐Shell Metallic Nanowire Composites for High Traffic Surfaces
Authors: Costa Pedro , Polícia Rita , Perinka Nikola , Alesanco Yolanda , Viñuales Ana , Carvalho Estela O. , Pereira Nelson , Fernandes Margarida M. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe transmission of bacterial infections through contaminated surfaces is nowadays an increasing source of concern, also related to the current pandemic situation. Functional materials that prevent the adhesion of microorganisms and/or induce their eradication thus avoiding fomite transmission are highly needed. In this work, a highly antimicrobial hybrid with sensorial capability is developed to be further applied as interactive high traffic surface coatings. The nanocomposite is composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a highly stable fluorinated polymer, incorporating copper core‐shell nanowires (NWs). The NWs comprised of copper and shelled with silver is highly antimicrobial, inducing a full kill effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains but biocompatible towards mammalian cells at concentrations below 0.5 mg mL−1. Further NWs incorporation on PVDF matrix retains its antimicrobial activity reducing in 6.5 logs the E. coli and 4.5 logs the S. epidermidis. NW/PVDF composites demonstrate suitable mechanical and electrical characteristics for the development of capacitive sensing surfaces, allowing for the fabrication of an antimicrobial capacitive touch sensing matrix for interactive surfaces.