bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Site Heterogeneous Organometallic Ir Catalysts Embedded on Graphdiyne: Structural Manipulation Beyond the Carbon Support
Authors: Liu Hong , Zou Haiyuan , Wang Mei , Dong Hongliang , Wang Dan , Li Fan , Dai Hao , Song Tao , Wei Shuting , Ji Yongfei , Wang Chenguang , Duan Lele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate control over the coordination circumstances of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is decisive to their intrinsic activity. Here, two single‐site heterogeneous organometallic catalysts (SHOCs), Cp*Ir‒L/GDY (L = OH− and Cl−; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), with the fine‐tuned local coordination and electronic structure of Ir sites, are constructed by anchoring Cp*Ir complexes on graphdiyne (GDY) matrix via a one‐pot procedure. The spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations indicate that the Ir atoms in Cp*Ir‒Cl/GDY and Cp*Ir‒OH/GDY have a much higher oxidation state than Ir in the SAC Ir/GDY. As a proof‐of‐principle demonstration, the GDY‐supported SHOCs are used for formic acid dehydrogenation, which display a fivefold enhancement of catalytic activity compared with SAC Ir/GDY. The kinetic isotope effect and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared studies reveal that the rate‐limiting step is the β‐hydride elimination process, and Cp* on the Ir site accelerates the β‐hydride elimination reaction. The GDY‐supported SHOCs integrate the merits of both SACs and molecular catalysts, wherein the isolated Ir anchored on GDY echoes with SACs’ behavior, and the Cp* ligand enables precise structural and electronic regulation like molecular catalysts. The scheme of SHOCs adds a degree of freedom in accurate regulation of the local structure, the electronic property, and therefore the catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts.
Ultrafast Response of Centimeter Scale Thin CsPbBr3 Single Crystal Film Photodetector for Optical Communication
Authors: Chen Feitong , Li Changqian , Shang Chenyu , Wang Kaiyu , Huang Qi , Zhao Qiqi , Zhu Huiling , Ding Jianxu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe photodetector (PD) is the key component to realize efficient optoelectronic conversion signal in the visible light communication (VLC) system. The response speed directly determines the bandwidth of the whole system. Metal halide perovskite is a neotype of low‐cost solution processing semiconductor, with strong optical absorption, low trap density, and high carrier mobility, thus has been widely explored in photoelectric detection applications. However, previously reported perovskite polycrystalline photodetectors exhibit limited response speed due to the existence of grain boundaries. Here, an improved confined space method is developed through adjusting the heating area to control nucleation, resulting in centimeter scale fully inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 thin single crystal films (SCFs) (<40 µm). The smooth surface and high crystallinity of CsPbBr3 SCFs render admirable exciton lifetime. The planar metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector using CsPbBr3 SCF as the photosensitive layer demonstrates a limit response time of 200/300 ns and a VLC within 100–500 kHz frequency for both 365 nm and white light, which is superior to previously reported CsPbBr3 polycrystalline film and single crystal photodetectors.
Highly Efficient Cu‐Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet as Cathode for High‐Rate Li‐CO2 Battery
Authors: Xu Yunyun , Gong Hao , Ren Hao , Fan Xiaoli , Li Peng , Zhang Tengfei , Chang Kun , Wang Tao , He Jianping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) battery as a novel metal‐air battery has a high specific energy density and unique CO2 conversion ability. However, its further development is limited by incomplete product decomposition resulting in poor cycling and rate performance. In this work, Cu‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Cu‐TCPP) nanosheets are prepared through the solvothermal method successfully. An efficient Li‐CO2 battery with Cu‐TCPP as catalyst achieves a high discharge capacity of 20393 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a long‐life cycle of 123 at 500 mA g−1, and a lower overpotential of 1.8 V at 2000 mA g−1. Density functional theory calculation reveals that Cu‐TCPP has higher adsorption energy of CO2 and Li2CO3 compared with TCPP, and a large number of electrons gather near the Cu‐N4 active sites in Cu‐TCPP. Therefore, the excellent CO2 capture ability of the porphyrin ligand and the synergic catalytic effect of Cu atom in Cu‐TCPP promote the thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 reduction and evolution processes.
Plasmonic Nanozymes: Leveraging Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance to Boost the Enzyme‐Mimicking Activity of Nanomaterials
Authors: Xu Guopeng , Du Xuancheng , Wang Weijie , Qu Yuanyuan , Liu Xiangdong , Zhao Mingwen , Li Weifeng , Li Yong‐Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanozymes, a type of nanomaterials that function similarly to natural enzymes, receive extensive attention in biomedical fields. However, the widespread applications of nanozymes are greatly plagued by their unsatisfactory enzyme‐mimicking activity. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), a nanoscale physical phenomenon described as the collective oscillation of surface free electrons in plasmonic nanoparticles under light irradiation, offers a robust universal paradigm to boost the catalytic performance of nanozymes. Plasmonic nanozymes (PNzymes) with elevated enzyme‐mimicking activity by leveraging LSPR, emerge and provide unprecedented opportunities for biocatalysis. In this review, the physical mechanisms behind PNzymes are thoroughly revealed including near‐field enhancement, hot carriers, and the photothermal effect. The rational design and applications of PNzymes in biosensing, cancer therapy, and bacterial infections elimination are systematically introduced. Current challenges and further perspectives of PNzymes are also summarized and discussed to stimulate their clinical translation. It is hoped that this review can attract more researchers to further advance the promising field of PNzymes and open up a new avenue for optimizing the enzyme‐mimicking activity of nanozymes to create superior nanocatalysts for biomedical applications.
Convex Cube‐Shaped Pt34Fe5Ni20Cu31Mo9Ru High Entropy Alloy Catalysts toward High‐Performance Multifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Zhaoqian , Wen Jingbo , Wang Chaohui , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts exhibit excellent multifunctional catalytic performance due to the synergistic effect of multi‐metal components. However, shape‐controlled synthesis of such kinds of HEA catalysts, especially those with high index facets, still faces great challenges, limiting further enhancement of their catalytic performance. Herein, one‐pot synthesis of convex cube‐shaped Pt34Fe5Ni20Cu31Mo9Ru HEA catalysts which possess rich (310) facets and a diagonal crystalline size of 38.5 nm is reported. Transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate cube‐shaped nanocrystals are obtained first and further selective growth of pyramid on each facet of the cube‐shaped nanocrystal results in a convex cube shape. Pt34Fe5Ni20Cu31Mo9Ru HEA catalysts show excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which exhibit a half‐wave potential of 0.87 V for ORR in 0.1 m HClO4, and overpotential of 20 and 259 mV for HER and OER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium. A control experiment and density functional theory calculation indicate that the Ru element plays a decisive role in both the formation of the convex cube shape and also the high catalytic performance.
Foamed Carbon‐Supported Nickel‐Iron Oxides Interspersed with Bamboo‐Like Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Minghui , Ji Shan , Wang Hui , Wang Xuyun , Linkov Vladimir , Wang Rongfang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of multi‐component bi‐functional electrocatalysts is necessary for commercialization of high‐performance zinc‐air batteries. Herein, foamed carbon‐supported nickel‐iron oxides interspersed with bamboo‐like carbon nanotubes are prepared as bi‐functional electrocatalysts for this battery type. During high temperature synthesis, edges of carbon sheets comprising the foamed carbon structure become involuted to form short carbon nanotubes. The composite of carbon nanotubes and network carbon confer high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity on the newly prepared materials. The supported NiFe2O4 phase improves the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity by fixing more N atoms, and high‐valent Ni oxide (Ni2O3) promotes the formation of OO bonds, which is conducive to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The optimized material exhibits excellent bi‐functional electrocatalytic activity toward both ORR and OER, and its use in the assembled zinc‐air battery cell results in a high power density of 150 mW cm−2 with long discharge stability.
Uniform Na Metal Plating/Stripping Design for Highly Reversible Solid‐State Na Metal Batteries at Room Temperature
Authors: Miao Runqing , Wang Chengzhi , Li Donglai , Sun Chen , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSolid‐state alkaline metal batteries are highly sought out for their improved energy density and security over the current lithium‐ion batteries. However, their practical application is heavily hindered by the interfacial issues originating from the solid electrolyte/electrode mismatch. This work demonstrates that a CuO coating layer as an active interphase can thoroughly promote the intimate contact between a Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte and a Na metal anode through an in situ conversion reaction. The resultant Cu/Na2O matrix forms a mixed electron/ion conducting scaffold, which facilitates stable and homogeneous Na metal plating without dendrite formation. Moreover, the symmetric Na metal cell realizes impressively steady plating/stripping cycles for 5000 h even under a high current density of 0.3 mA cm−2. The novelty is further manifested as a room‐temperature solid‐state Na metal full battery of Na3V1.5Al0.5(PO4)3|CuO@NZSPO|Na is assembled and exhibits a highly reversible cyclability (99.85% coulombic efficiency and 99.0% capacity retention) under a charge/discharge rate of 5 C for 2250 cycles. This work effectively solves the interfacial issues at the Na metal/solid electrolyte interface and provides a convenient way toward high‐performance solid‐state Na metal batteries operated at room temperature.
Vacuum‐Vapor‐Deposited 0D/3D All‐Inorganic Perovskite Composite Films toward Low‐Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing
Authors: Tian Hongjun , Jiang Xinyi , Li Tianjing , Yan Minxing , Xu Li , Lu Guochao , Zhang Yao , Zhu Haiming , He Haiping , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVacuum vapor deposition (VVD) is a promising way to advancing the commercialization of perovskite light sources owing to its convenience for wafer‐scale mass production and compatibility with silicon photonics manufacturing infrastructure. However, the light emission performance of VVD‐grown perovskites still lags far behind that of the conventional solution‐processed counterparts due to their inferior luminescence properties. Here, a 0D/3D cesium–lead–bromide perovskite composite film is prepared on Si/SiO2 substrates through composition modulation with the VVD method, which exhibits an ultralow amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold down to 14.3 µJ cm−2 in the optimal films, which is on par with that of the solution‐processed counterparts. Meanwhile, they also display intriguing operational stability with negligible emission intensity decay under continuous excitation above ASE threshold for 4 h in the air. The outstanding ASE performance mainly originates from the reduced trap density and weakened electron–phonon coupling in the 3D CsPbBr3 phase enabled by the incorporation of the 0D Cs4PbBr6 phase. Finally, by integrating the composite film with the distributed feedback (DFB) cavity, DFB lasing is achieved with a low threshold of 18.2 µJ cm−2 under nanosecond‐pulsed laser pumping, which highlights the potential of VVD‐processed perovskites for developing high‐performance lasers.
Pilot‐Scale Synthesis Sodium Iron Fluorophosphate Cathode with High Tap Density for a Sodium Pouch Cell
Authors: Cao Yongjie , Li Xun‐Lu , Dong Xiaoli , Liao Mochou , Wang Nan , Cheng Jiawei , Xu Jie , Qi Yae , Liu Yao , Xia Yongyao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted wide interest for energy storage because of the sufficient sodium element reserve on the earth; however, the electrochemical performance of SIBs cannot achieve the requirements so far, especially, the limitation of cathode materials. Here, a kilogram‐scale route to synthesize Na2FePO4F/carbon/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes microspheres (NFPF@C@MCNTs) composite with a high tap density of 1.2 g cm−3 is reported. The NFPF@C@MCNTs cathode exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 118.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even under 5 C with high mass loading (10 mg cm−2), the specific capacity still maintains at 56.4 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 97% after 700 cycles. In addition, a hard carbon||NFPF@C@MCNTs pouch cell is assembled and tested, which exhibits a volumetric energy density of 325 Wh L−1 and gravimetrical energy density of 210 Wh kg−1 (base on electrode massing), and it provides more than 200 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 92%. Furthermore, the pouch cell can operate in an all‐climate environment ranging from −40 to 80 °C. These results demonstrate that the NFPF@C@MCNTs microspheres are a promising candidate cathode for SIBs and facilitate its practical application in sodium cells.
Mode Hybridization in Silicon Core–Gold Shell Nanosphere
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Hinamoto Tatsuki , Kazuoka Yusuke , Assadillayev Artyom , Raza Søren , Fujii Minoru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA dielectric core–metal shell nanosphere has attracted scientific and technological interests due to the unique optical resonances arising from the hybridization of surface plasmon modes and cavity modes. The previous studies focus on a low‐index dielectric core without its own optical resonances. Here, optical resonances of a core–shell nanosphere with a high refractive index (n ≈ 4) core with the lowest order Mie resonances in the visible range are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Scattering and absorption spectra of a core–shell nanosphere for different values of the core refractive index are first analyzed, and there is a transition of the hybridization scheme around n ≈ 2. Above the value, a characteristic hybridized mode with strong absorption and weak scattering emerges in the near‐infrared range. A core–shell nanosphere composed of a silicon core and a gold shell is prepared, and the resonance modes are studied by single particle scattering spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope. The core–shell nanospheres exhibit the hybridized modes depending on the core diameter. The hybridized mode as well as the higher order one that is not observable in the scattering spectroscopy is observed in the EELS.
Insulating and fire‐resistant performance of slag and brick powder based one‐part alkali‐activated lightweight mortars
Authors: Koksal Fuat , Bayraktar Oguzhan Yavuz , Bodur Burak , Benli Ahmet , Kaplan Gokhan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWaste brick powder (WBP) has enough pozzolanic characteristics to be employed as a supplemental cementing material in Portland cement‐based concrete or as a precursor in the manufacture of alkali activated materials. This study was aimed to study the strength, thermal, microstructural and durability properties of ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) and WBP based one‐part alkali‐activated lightweight mortars (AAMs) produced with expanded vermiculite. One‐part AAM mixtures were produced by using GBFS and WBP as binary precursors. Sodium metasilicate powder was used as the alkali activator. Two curing regimes namely heat curing at 75°C for 24 h and air curing at ambient conditions were adopted. GBFS was used as main binder and WBP was added at the rates of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% instead of GBFS. Four different mixtures were prepared by replacing GBFS at the rates of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% with WBP for each curing regime (totally eight mixtures). Expanded vermiculite powder were used as lightweight aggregates in all mixtures. The effects of WBP on AAM mixtures properties, including flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, dry bulk density, thermal conductivity, porosity, and water absorption were studied. The effects of WBP and curing regime on drying shrinkage, sorptivity were also investigated. High temperature performance of the produced mixtures were determined. Results showed that air‐cured WBP incorporated AAM mixtures exhibited better compressive strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, and sorptivity performance than the heat‐cured WBP incorporated AAM mixtures. The air‐cured AAM mixtures containing 25% WBP achieved the best results of 5.69 and 1.43 MPa for compressive strength and flexural strength at test age of 28 days. The heat‐cured 50% WBP incorporated AAM mixture showed the best high temperature resistance and the lowest thermal conductivity.
A Two‐Branch Pedestrian Detection Method for Small and Blurred Target
Authors: Han Yufei , Li Hai , Hou Shujuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPedestrian detection task is generally composed of location and classification. In this work, we consider the problem of pedestrian detection under the condition of blurred pedestrian targets and small pedestrian scales. Most methods are only suitable for the detection task under ideal conditions or simply consider one of the above problems. For the sake of achieving better results, we proposed a new method that improved from both location and classification aspects. First, we propose a video‐based pedestrian detection method that generates pedestrian proposals from the static feature extraction branch and motion information extraction branch. Secondly, a two‐scale classification method is used in the structure to solve the various scale instance problem. Finally, experiments on public datasets demonstrate that this work delivers better performance than the HOG+SVM, SAF R‐CNN, and YOLO+GMM methods. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
What is Social Appropriateness? Voices from 90 Years of Research
Authors: Bellon Jacqueline , Eyssel Friederike , Gransche Bruno , Nähr-Wagener Sebastian , Wullenkord Ricarda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial appropriateness is not easy to define and can be described and analysed from a manifold of scientific perspectives. Here we give a quick kaleidocopic view of aspects of socially appropriate behaviour and about aspects of what might influence judgement thereof.
Social Appropriateness Tree Structures
Authors: Bellon Jacqueline , Eyssel Friederike , Gransche Bruno , Nähr-Wagener Sebastian , Wullenkord Ricarda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs another way of approaching the phenomenon of social appropriateness, the factors discussed in the explanations of the FASA model, their criteria, and the observables/indicators of social appropriateness prominently associated with them can be graphically arranged into tree graphs to illustrate their relations among themselves.
Application of the FASA Model to Technical Systems
Authors: Bellon Jacqueline , Eyssel Friederike , Gransche Bruno , Nähr-Wagener Sebastian , Wullenkord Ricarda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo decide which social abilities are required for a robot and which aspects do not require so much weight, the fields of application and the type and frequency of human contact should be analysed in depth (see also the explanations for the «Relations between Interacting Agents» factor). The evaluation criteria proposed by Dautenhahn (2007), each defined on a spectrum, can be used as a basis to analyse contact within a specific field of application (Dautenhahn 2007, p. 683).
UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK for use in preclinical studies
Authors: Meikopoulos Thomas , Begou Olga , Panagoulis Theodoros , Kontogiannidou Eleni , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Miller John H. , Theodoridis Georgios , Gika Helen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in two different tests matrices: porcine buccal epithelium tissue and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts of smokeless tobacco products. The novelty of this work is in the development of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method that can provide simultaneous quantification of trace levels of TSNAs and high concentrations of nicotine in biological media. Precision, accuracy, and stability were evaluated during method validation to ensure the method was fit for purpose. Several sample preparation and extraction methods were evaluated to minimize matrix effects and maximize analyte recoveries. The method was accurate in the range of 81.1% – 117%; repeatability was estimated in the range of 1.5% – 13.6% across multiple concentrations. The linear regression correlation coefficient (R2) was greater than 0.9959 for all analytes, and the limit of detection (LOD) was determined for nicotine, NNK, and NNN at 1 ng/mL 0.005 ng/mL, and 0.006 ng/ mL, respectively. Our method was found to be appropriate for the analysis of nicotine, NNN, and NNK in the porcine buccal epithelium and PBS extracts of smokeless tobacco products.
Graphical abstract
Structural phenotypes of knee osteoarthritis: potential clinical and research relevance
Authors: Roemer Frank W. , Jarraya Mohamed , Collins Jamie E. , Kwoh C. Kent , Hayashi Daichi , Hunter David J. , Guermazi Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA joint contains many different tissues that can exhibit pathological changes, providing many potential targets for treatment. Researchers are increasingly suggesting that osteoarthritis (OA) comprises several phenotypes or subpopulations. Consequently, a treatment for OA that targets only one pathophysiologic abnormality is unlikely to be similarly efficacious in preventing or delaying the progression of all the different phenotypes of structural OA. Five structural phenotypes have been proposed, namely the inflammatory, meniscus-cartilage, subchondral bone, and atrophic and hypertrophic phenotypes. The inflammatory phenotype is characterized by marked synovitis and/or joint effusion, while the meniscus-cartilage phenotype exhibits severe meniscal and cartilage damage. Large bone marrow lesions characterize the subchondral bone phenotype. The hypertrophic and atrophic OA phenotype are defined based on the presence large osteophytes or absence of any osteophytes, respectively, in the presence of concomitant cartilage damage. Limitations of the concept of structural phenotyping are that they are not mutually exclusive and that more than one phenotype may be present. It must be acknowledged that a wide range of views exist on how best to operationalize the concept of structural OA phenotypes and that the concept of structural phenotypic characterization is still in its infancy. Structural phenotypic stratification, however, may result in more targeted trial populations with successful outcomes and practitioners need to be aware of the heterogeneity of the disease to personalize their treatment recommendations for an individual patient. Radiologists should be able to define a joint at risk for progression based on the predominant phenotype present at different disease stages.