bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of wind turbine energy loss due to leading‐edge erosion through infrared‐camera imaging, numerical simulations, and assessment against SCADA and meteorological data
Authors: Panthi Keshav , Iungo Giacomo Valerio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantification of the performance degradation on the annual energy production (AEP) of a wind farm due to leading‐edge (LE) erosion of wind turbine blades is important to design cost‐effective maintenance plans and timely blade retrofit. In this work, the effects of LE erosion on horizontal axis wind turbines are quantified using infrared (IR) thermographic imaging of turbine blades, as well as meteorological and SCADA data. The average AEP loss of turbines with LE erosion is estimated from SCADA and meteorological data to be between 3% and 8% of the expected power capture. The impact of LE erosion on the average power capture of the turbines is found to be higher at lower hub‐height wind speeds (peak around 50% of the turbine rated wind speed) and at lower turbulence intensity of the incoming wind associated with stable atmospheric conditions. The effect of LE erosion is investigated with IR thermography to identify the laminar to turbulent transition (LTT) position over the airfoils of the turbine blades. Reduction in the laminar flow region of about 85% and 87% on average in the suction and pressure sides, respectively, is observed for the airfoils of the investigated turbines with LE erosion. Using the observed LTT locations over the airfoils and the geometry of the blade, an average AEP loss of about 3.7% is calculated with blade element momentum simulations, which is found to be comparable with the magnitude of AEP loss estimated through the SCADA data.
Automation of Cybersecurity Work
Authors: Varga Stefan , Sommestad Teodor , Brynielsson Joel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the conditions for automation of cybersecurity work roles, and the probabilities of them being automated. Further, variables that limit the automation potential for current cybersecurity roles are reviewed. Based on a well-established and widely adopted reference resource that lists typical skill requirements and duties of cybersecurity workers, an assessment of the susceptibility for automation of cybersecurity work was performed by an expert panel. All cybersecurity work descriptions were ranked in terms of proneness for automation according to four criteria: requirements for creativity, social interaction, physical work, and the existence of relevant statistical training data. It was found that technical roles, for example database administrators and data analysts, are easiest to automate. Roles associated with management and accountability, for example, legal advisors and cyber operations planners, are more difficult to automate. Finally, requirements for physical work is a negligible factor when it comes to cybersecurity work automation.
Underestimating microplastics? Quantification of the recovery rate of microplastic particles including sampling, sample preparation, subsampling, and detection using µ-Ramanspectroscopy
Authors: Weber Felix , Kerpen Jutta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study is one of the first to investigate the recovery rate of high- and low-density microplastic particles (polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene) from wastewater treatment plant effluents or comparable technical facilities under nearly realistic experimental conditions. For this purpose, a method of continuous dosing of microplastic particles into an experimental flume for open-channel flow was developed. Subsequently, 12 samples were taken using volume-reduced sampling and the entire sample purification process including oxidative treatment (with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite), density separation (with sodium polytungstate), and subsampling was carried out. Detection was conducted using automatic particle recognition and µ-Ramanspectroscopy. An average recovery rate of 27 ± 10% was determined for polypropylene microplastic particles (d = 53 ± 29 µm), decreasing with the particle size, and 78 ± 14% for polyvinyl chloride microplastic particles (d = 151 ± 37 µm). The results suggest that microplastic emissions from wastewater treatment plants are underestimated, particularly because the recovery rate of small microplastic particles < 50 µm is only 9%.
Digital Informed Consent: Modernising Information Sharing in Surgery to Empower Patients
Authors: Parsons Simon L. , Daliya Prita , Evans Phil , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the 2015 Montgomery Ruling highlighting key requisites for informed consent, little has changed to modernise data‐sharing and documentation of the consent process. It can be difficult to gauge patient understanding and address all patient concerns in time‐limited appointments. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a digital information‐sharing platform to support a move towards a digital informed consent process.MethodsAll adult patients referred to a single centre with symptomatic gallstones were invited to use a digital information‐sharing platform to support the informed consent process prior to their first surgical clinic appointment. The platform provided patients with multimedia information on gallstones and available treatment options. It recorded the time spent accessing information, asked patients multiple choice questions (MCQs) to allow a self‐test of understanding, documented a summary medical history, and allowed free text for patient questions. This information was summarised into a clinical report to support outpatient clinic consultations.ResultsOf the 349 patients registered to use the digital platform, 203 (58.2%) [165 (81.3%) female, mean age 47.6 years (range 19–84 years)] completed all modules necessary to generate a clinical report. Some 130 patients (64.0%) answered all 10 MCQs correctly and spent a mean of 18.7 min (range 3–88 min) reading the consent information. Most patient‐reported medical histories were deemed to be accurate.ConclusionDespite difficulties with access, resulting in drop‐outs, patients welcomed the opportunity to receive information digitally, prior to their consultation. Patients described feeling empowered and better informed to be involved in decision‐making.
Serum Copper-to-Zinc Ratio and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Voutilainen Ari , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and Cu/Zn-ratio have emerged as ageing-related biomarkers. We sought to assess the association between Cu/Zn-ratio and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk.

Methods
Serum Cu and Zn were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry in 2,503 men aged 42–61 years.

Results
During a median follow-up of 27.1 years, 210 COPD cases occurred. Serum Cu/Zn-ratio and Cu concentrations were linearly associated with COPD risk, whereas the relationship was curvilinear for Zn and COPD risk. A unit increase in Cu/Zn-ratio was associated with an increased COPD risk in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.08–3.05). The corresponding adjusted HR (95% CI) was 3.17 (1.40–7.15) for Cu. Compared to the bottom tertile of Zn, the HRs (95% CIs) were 0.68 (0.48–0.97) and 1.01 (0.73–1.41) for the middle and top tertiles of Zn, respectively.

Conclusions
Increased serum Cu/Zn-ratio and Cu concentrations were linearly associated with an increased COPD risk in men.
An Investigation of Cloudburst-triggered Landslides and Flash Floods in Arakot Region of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Sain Kalachand , Mehta Manish , Singh Sudhir Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cloudburst event occurred at around 04:00hrs (IST), on 18, August 2019, elicited landslides and flash floods, at Tikochi and Makudi village under the Arakot region of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. This heavy rain has caused a massive flash flood in Arakot Nala and induced a major landslide downstream. This flash flood has caused the death of 19 people, 8 were missings, and 15 were injured, affecting 38 villages (70 km2 area) and stranding more than 400 people at various places. These flash floods have caused irreparable damage to the livestock, infrastructures, environment, and properties in the Uttarakhand and Himachal states and estimated economic losses of about Rs ~175 crores. During the same period, heavy rainfall also made havoc across north India. Meanwhile, the rescue and evacuation process in the region has been carried out by the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and State Disaster Response Force (SDRF). However, it will take a lot of time to bring the situation in the region to normalcy. The study has suggested that pragmatic check dam policy and logical shifting of the people should be exercised in a safe and stable area before the onset of the monsoon season in the hazard-prone areas. An early warning system (EWS), installation of Doppler radar, and lightning sensors, which would be helpful for policymakers, planners, practitioners, and technologists will aid to minimize the disaster risk and sustainable development within the region. Although an EWS alone can not stop a similar type of disaster but would be very helpful in minimizing the loss of human lives, livestock, biodiversity, infrastructure (civilian and strategic), and land holding in the hilly region.
The features of discourse in “online talk show culture”
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Yuyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOnline Talk Show Culture is an important manifestation of mass culture. It is an application of new discourse and cultural presentation originated from the integration of mass culture with new media in the current social and temporal context. The Internet endows talk show a great space of creation. At the same time, the features of discourse in online talk shows with Chinese characteristics come into being, filling the gap of language variety shows in mainland China and advancing the formation of online talk show culture. The paper studies online talk shows and explores the discourse features of “talk show culture,” which is empowered by new media, from three perspectives: discourse subject, discourse modality, and discourse strategy.
The Fall and Rise of Racial Inequality in London Homicides: a Challenge for Policing by Consent
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Sherman Lawrence W. , Strang Heather 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research Question

How have London’s racial and demographic disparities in homicide victimisation rates changed in 2 decades of the twenty-first century, with what implications for policing by consent?

Data
We collected Metropolitan Police Service homicide victimisation counts in London for each financial year (April through March) so far in the twenty-first century, by race, gender and age. We also collected the estimated residential population size of those groups from the 2001 and 2011 Census results.

Methods
We divided the number of homicides each year in each demographic category by the estimated population size of that category, and then computed victimisation rates per 100,000 for each of the 21 years. We plotted trends in the rates of each group over time, whilst calculating ratios between victimisation rates of Blacks and Whites, and of South Asians and Whites, in each year.

Findings
Over the past 2 decades in London, Black homicide victimisation rates have fallen by almost half, but they remain about 5 times higher than homicide victimisations of Whites and South Asians. Inequality of homicide rates between Black and White victimisations declined substantially, but then became worse: the most recent 5 years showed 19% more inequality than in the century’s first 5 years. Three major changes in homicide inequalities have occurred since 2001: (A) The total Black homicide victimisation rate dropped by 71% from 2001 to 2014; (B) homicides of Blacks then increased by 92% in the 5 years to 2019–2020, whilst the White victimisation rate remained unchanged; (C) from 2019 to 2022, Black victimisation rates declined again by 27%, whilst White rates also declined, by 26%. Young Black males aged 16–24 were 10 to 20 times more likely than White counterparts to become homicide victims in 2017–2022. Yet Black female homicide victimisation dropped by 82% over 21 years. Female inequality reduced from up to 400% higher for Black females than Whites at the beginning of the century to 67% higher in the most recent 5 years. For Asians of all ages, inequality of homicide victimisations to Whites disappeared by 2022. Inequality persisted between young Asian males and young White males.

Conclusion
Changes in London’s racial inequality in homicide victimisation are both substantial and volatile. Understanding their fall and rise may help police to renew and sustain reductions of racial inequality in risks of violence. Learning lessons about what police may have done to cause substantial reductions in Black victimisation requires both retrospective and ongoing tracking of both homicide and policing at local levels. Providing transparent tracking is also essential to public dialogue about policing strategies, which could help to renew policing by consent based on precise statistical evidence.
Hyponormal Toeplitz operators with non-harmonic symbols on the weighted Bergman spaces
Authors: Kim Sumin , Lee Jongrak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the hyponormality of Toeplitz operators acting on the weighted Bergman space $$A_{\alpha }^2({\mathbb{D}}).$$

A

α

2

(
D
)

.

We establish necessary or sufficient conditions for the hyponormality of Toeplitz operators with non-harmonic symbols $$\varphi (z)$$

φ
(
z
)

that are bivariate polynomials in z and $${\overline{z}}$$

z
¯

(i.e., $$\varphi (z)=az^m{\overline{z}}^n+bz^s{\overline{z}}^t$$

φ

(
z
)

=
a

z
m

z
¯

n

+
b

z
s

z
¯

t

). In particular, we present some characteristics according to the coefficients and degree of $$\varphi (z).$$

φ
(
z
)
.
Epidemiology of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG)—overview and perspectives
Authors: Piedade Ana , Francisco Rita , Jaeken Jaak , Sarkhail Peymaneh , Brasil Sandra , Ferreira Carlos R. , Rijoff Tatiana , Pascoal Carlota , Gil Alexandre , Lourenço Ana Beatriz , Abreu Marta , Gomes Mafalda , Videira Paula A. , dos Reis Ferreira Vanessa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large heterogeneous group of about 170 rare inherited metabolic disorders due to defective protein and lipid glycosylation. This study aimed to assemble and summarise available data on the epidemiology of CDG.

Methods
A set of keywords related to epidemiology and CDG was defined. The keywords were combined through a custom Python script, search through the MEDLINE database, using PubMed as the search engine. The script retrieved the correspondent MEDLINE data from each article, and the relevant information was exported. Next, inclusion and exclusion criteria were set and applied during the selection phase. Finally, epidemiology-related information was extracted and compiled.

Results
One hundred sixty-five papers on CDG epidemiology were included in this literature review. Most of them reported on the frequency of symptoms in CDG patients followed in cohort studies, on pathogenic variant allelic frequency, and on the prevalence of the disorder in populations. According to this review, the most reported CDG was phosphomannomutase-2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) followed in descending order by FKTN-CDG, EXT1/EXT2-CDG, ALG6-CDG, and PIGA-CDG.

Conclusions
We provide an overview on epidemiological data regarding 93 CDG by compiling information from the literature. Generating epidemiological data on CDG is important to appropriately target resources for CDG research and drug development and to support public health decision-making.
Indikationen minimal-invasiver Verfahren in der Schmerztherapie am Beispiel der Rückenmarkstimulation
Authors: Sator Sabine Maria 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie epidurale „spinal cord stimulation“ (SCS), „dorsal root ganglion stimulation“ (DGS) und subkutane Technik stellen minimal-invasive Verfahren dar, die rechtzeitig und nach harter Indikationsstellung eine Therapieoption bei therapierefraktären Schmerzen sind. Mit diesen Verfahren gewinnen Patient*innen an Lebensqualität, d. h. Medikamentenreduktion, verbesserte Beweglichkeit und Schlaf, Schmerzreduktion und Resozialisierung.
CNEReg Interprets Ruminant-Specific Conserved Non-Coding Elements by Developmental Gene Regulatory Network
Authors: Pan Xiangyu , Ma Zhaoxia , Sun Xinqi , Li Hui , Zhang Tingting , Zhao Chen , Wang Nini , Heller Rasmus , Hung Wong Wing , Wang Wen , Jiang Yu , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic information coded in DNA leads to trait innovation via a gene regulatory network (GRN) in development. Here, we developed a conserved non-coding element interpretation method to integrate multi-omics data into gene regulatory network (CNEReg) to investigate the ruminant multi-chambered stomach innovation. We generated paired expression and chromatin accessibility data during rumen and esophagus development in sheep, and revealed 1601 active ruminant-specific conserved non-coding elements (active-RSCNEs). To interpret the function of these active-RSCNEs, we defined toolkit transcription factors (TTFs) and modeled their regulation on rumen-specific genes via batteries of active-RSCNEs during development. Our developmental GRN revealed 18 TTFs and 313 active-RSCNEs regulating 7 rumen functional modules. Notably, 6 TTFs (OTX1, SOX21, HOXC8, SOX2, TP63, and PPARG), as well as 16 active-RSCNEs, functionally distinguished the rumen from the esophagus. Our study provides a systematic approach to understanding how gene regulation evolves and shapes complex traits by putting evo-devo concepts into practice with developmental multi-omics data.
Exploring the Metaphysics of Hegel's Racism: The Teleology of the ‘Concept’ and the Taxonomy of Races
Authors: James Daniel , Knappik Franz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article interprets Hegel's hierarchical theory of race as an application of his general views about the metaphysics of classification and explanation. We begin by offering a reconstruction of Hegel's hierarchical theory of race based on the critical edition of relevant lecture transcripts: we argue that Hegel's position on race is appropriately classified as racist, that it postulates innate mental deficits of some races, and that it turns racism from an anthropological into a metaphysical doctrine by claiming that the division of humankind into races (at least in the Old World) is not a brute fact, but follows a ‘higher necessity’. We then summarize our interpretation of the relevant metaphysical background to this theory. On our reading, Hegel postulates an essentialist form of explanation that explains given kinds as stages in a teleological, non-temporal process through which the nature of a superordinate kind is realized. We argue that Hegel's views about a hierarchical and necessary division of humankind into races are an application of this model to the case of human diversity, motivated by explanatory considerations and subject to confirmation bias. By way of conclusion, we address two possible attempts to ‘save’ Hegelian philosophy from its racist baggage.
National parks and conservation concessions: a comparison between mammal populations in two types of tropical protected areas in Ucayali, Peru
Authors: Bardales Rocío , Hyde Matthew , Gallo Jenny , Boron Valeria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peru contains the second largest surface area of the Amazon biome. The Peruvian Amazon is threatened by logging, illegal crops, mining, and agricultural expansion. While a number of national parks exist in the Amazon region, privately managed areas like Conservation Concessions can be an attractive complement to existing parks. We compare medium and large mammal communities in a Conservation Concession in Ucayali with the nearby Parque Nacional Sierra del Divisor National Park and describe species relative abundance and richness of both protected areas. Results suggest that Conservation Concessions can harbour an important diversity of mammal species and could provide connections to larger protected areas. However, they are no substitutes for large protected areas, especially for sensitive and threatened species. Further research is needed to demonstrate their complementarity and improve landscape-level connectivity between conservation models.
Landscape Change Affects Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Greenhouse Gas Production in Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Yang Ping , Zhang Linhai , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Yang Hong , Tan Lishan , Luo Liangjuan , Tong Chuan , Hong Yan , Zhu Wanyi , Tang Kam W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant invasion and aquaculture activities have drastically modified the landscape of coastal wetlands in many countries, but their impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and greenhouse gas production remain poorly understood. We measured SOC mineralization rate and soil CO2 and CH4 production rates in three habitat types from 21 coastal sites across the tropical and subtropical zones in China: native mudflats (MFs), Spartina alterniflora marshes (SAs), and aquaculture ponds (APs). Landscape change from MFs to SAs or APs increased total and labile fraction of SOC, as well as carbon mineralization rate and greenhouse gas production, but there were no discernible differences in SOC source‐sink dynamics between SAs and APs. SOC mineralization rate was highest in SAs (20.4 μg g−1 d−1), followed by APs (16.9 μg g−1 d−1) and MFs (11.9 μg g−1 d−1), with CO2 as the dominant by‐product. Bioavailable SOC was less than 2% and was turned over within 60 days in all three habitat types. Proliferation of S. alterniflora marshes and expansion of AP construction had resulted in a net increase in soil CO2‐eq production of 0.4–4.3 Tg yr−1 in the last three decades. Future studies will benefit from better census and monitoring of coastal habitats in China, complementary in situ measurements of greenhouse gas emissions, and more sampling in the southern provinces to improve spatial resolution.
Understanding the Daytime and Nighttime Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Energy and Meteorological Fields in Northwest China
Authors: Su Shixiang , Wang Jinyan , Yin Zelun , Wang Tianyu , Yasheng Dilinuer , Xie Xiangshan , Sun Caixia , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDust aerosols pose non‐negligible impacts on regional and global climate, particularly over northwest China (NWC), where dust events frequently occur. Here, six dust events with different intensities occurred from 2014 to 2019 in NWC were simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of dust aerosols to radiation fluxes, surface energy, and meteorology, with specific consideration to the distinctions between daytime and nighttime. The results show that the contributions of dust aerosols to surface energy and meteorology were significantly affected by dust concentrations and dust layer heights and exhibited diurnal variation. In the case with high dust concentration and low dust layer height, dust aerosols increased the surface energy during the nighttime but decreased in the daytime, and the increase was much greater than the decrease. As a result, dust aerosols increase surface energy (0.06 W/m2 in the dust source region; 0.13 W/m2 in the dust affected region (DAR)) and surface temperature (0.0088°C in the DSR; 0.0781°C in the DAR) and decrease surface relative humidity (−0.053% in the DSR; −0.205% in the DAR) throughout the whole day. In contrast, dust causes opposite impacts on surface meteorology throughout the whole day due to the nighttime warming effect from the dust events with low dust concentration and high dust layer height is lesser than the daytime cooling effect. The study provides scientific insights for improving our understanding of dust aerosols‐regional meteorology interaction.