bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglycerides to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio is an independent predictor of the severity of hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis
Authors: Huang Yingbao , Zhu Yi , Peng Yu , Xia Weizhi , Chen Lifang , Yu Huajun , Shi Liuzhi , Yang Yunjun , Su Na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of acute pancreatitis caused by hyperlipidaemia is increasing. A quick and easy diagnosis of the severity of hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis (HTGP) is important to improve patient prognosis and reduce mortality. Previous studies reported that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with acute pancreatitis. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the triglycerides to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio and HTGP.MethodsPatients' laboratory and clinical parameters were obtained from the institutional pancreatitis database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the risk factors for the severity of HTGP and the efficacy of four clinical scoring systems: Ranson's Criteria, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), and Marshall.ResultsOf 290 patients, 134 (46.2%) were diagnosed with moderately severe to severe HTGP. The TG/HDL‐C ratio was higher in the moderately severe to severe HTGP subgroup than in the mild HTGP subgroup. Among the independent risk factors, such as amylase, albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and TG/HDL‐C ratio, the TG/HDL‐C ratio had the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.727, 95% CI, 0.571–0.701). In comparison with other clinical scoring systems, the TG/HDL‐C ratio has a relatively preferable predictive ability.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the TG/HDL‐C ratio is positively correlated with HTGP severity and could be used as a simple indicator of severe HTGP.
Solvent‐free Darzens condensation of 3‐chlorooxindoles with aryl aldehydes for diastereoselective construction of spiro‐epoxyoxindoles by grinding
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Li , Wang Feng , Ning Rui , Kong Dulin , Wu Mingshu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA highly efficient, diastereoselective strategy for the synthesis of aryl‐substituted spiro‐epoxyoxindole derivatives by a Darzens‐type reaction of α‐chlorooxindoles with aryl aldehydes in the presence of bases under solvent‐free grinding conditions has been developed. The process features with easy work‐up, mild reaction condition, high to excellent diastereoselectivitie and yields as well as environmental compatibility.
Pharmacologic restraint use for children experiencing mental health crises in pediatric hospitals
Authors: Wolf Ryan M. , Hall Matthew , Williams Derek J. , Carroll Alison R. , Antoon James W. , Brown Charlotte M. , Herndon Alison , Kreth Heather , Lind Carrie , Gastineau Kelsey A. B. , Spencer Katherine , Ngo My‐Linh , Hart Sarah , White Lindsay , Johnson David P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren in mental health crises are increasingly admitted to children's hospitals awaiting inpatient psychiatric placement. During hospitalization, patients may exhibit acute agitation prompting pharmacologic restraint use.ObjectiveTo determine hospital‐level incidence and variation of pharmacologic restraint use among children admitted for mental health conditions in children's hospitals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe examined data for children (5 to ≤18 years) admitted to children's hospitals with a primary mental health condition from 2018 to 2020 using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Hospital rates of parenteral pharmacologic restraint use per 1000 mental health bed days were determined and compared after adjusting for patient‐level and demographic factors. Cluster analysis (k‐means) was used to group hospitals based on overall restraint use (rate quartiles) and drug class. Hospital‐level factors for pharmacologic restraint use were compared.ResultsOf 29,834 included encounters, 3747 (12.6%) had pharmacologic restraint use. Adjusted hospital rates ranged from 35 to 389 pharmacologic restraint use days per 1000 mental health bed days with a mean of 175 (standard deviation: 72). Cluster analysis revealed three hospitals were high utilizers of all drug classes. No significant differences in pharmacologic restraint use were found in the hospital‐level analysis.ConclusionsChildren's hospitals demonstrate wide variation in pharmacologic restraint rates for mental health hospitalizations, with a 10‐fold difference in adjusted rates between highest and lowest utilizers, and high overall utilizers order medications across all drug classes.
Performance and changes of high‐resolution (1 km) surface air temperature in Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions
Authors: Jin Haodong , Peng Xiaoqing , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Zhao Yaohua , Li Xuanjia , Tian Weiwei , Chen Cong , Liang Benben , Li Xiaodong , Mu Cuicui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurface air temperatures are significant indicators of environmental and climatic change that affect a diverse set of physical systems including permafrost. Most temperature products, such as gridded or reanalysis data, are still at a relatively low spatial resolution, limiting the ability to simulate heterogeneous permafrost changes and leading to large uncertainties. Here we apply a downscaling method based on elevation to obtain high‐resolution surface air temperatures from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions. Root‐mean‐square errors and mean absolute errors after downscaling are reduced by 34 and 37%, respectively, relative to meteorological site data and gridded observations from the Climatic Research Unit. Compared to the downscaled surface air temperature data, nondownscaled model projections overestimate by 0.12–0.39°C in the discontinuous, isolated, and sporadic permafrost regions and underestimate up to 0.18°C in the continuous permafrost region under different emission scenarios. The warming rates in Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions were 0.093°C/10 year during the historical (1850–2014) period and are projected to be 0.22°C/10 year for SSP1‐2.6, 0.48°C/10 year for SSP2‐4.5, 0.75°C/10 year for SSP3‐7.0, and 0.95°C/10 year for SSP5‐8.5 during 2015–2100, which is 1.4–1.6 times the warming of nonpermafrost regions. Warming rates in high latitudes are 1.2–1.7 times higher than those in high‐elevation regions. Continuous permafrost regions' warming will be 1.2–1.4 times higher than in other permafrost regions. For permafrost with high ground ice content, warming will be 1.1 times greater than in permafrost regions with medium or low ground ice content.
The relative citation ratio (RCR) as a novel bibliometric among 2511 academic orthopedic surgeons
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Meeter Alexandra , Norin Jorden , Ippolito Joseph A. , Beebe Kathleen S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectively measuring research output is important for grant awards, promotion, and tenure, or self‐evaluation of productivity. However, certain shortcomings limit common bibliometric indicators. The time‐ and field‐independent relative citation ratio (RCR) was proposed to overcome these limitations. The objective of this study was to determine whether the RCR correlates with academic rank, gender, and PhD degree status among US academic orthopedic surgeons. Full‐time faculty surgeons at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education‐accredited orthopedic surgery residency programs were included in this study. Mean (mRCR) and weighted (wRCR) RCR scores were collected from the National Institutes of Health iCite database to quantify scholarly “impact” and “production,” respectively, and were compared by academic rank, gender, and PhD status. All information was collected from publicly available faculty listings on departmental websites. A total of 2511 orthopedic surgeons from 132 residency programs were assessed. Overall, the median (interquartile range) mRCR score was 1.56 (1.05–2.12) and the median wRCR score was 27.6 (6.97–88.44). Both metrics increased with each successive academic rank, except for department chairs. There was no difference in mRCR between male and female surgeons. Among assistant professors, males had higher wRCR scores. Both metrics were higher among surgeons with a PhD degree. The RCR offers key advantages over other indices, which are reflected in differences in score distributions compared with the widely used h‐index. Nevertheless, implementation of the RCR should be preceded with careful consideration of its own limitations.
Nicotine‐Mediated Rescue of α‐Synuclein Toxicity Requires Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 in Drosophila
Authors: Olsen Abby L. , Clemens Sabrina G. , Feany Mel B. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α‐synuclein aggregation and loss of dopamine neurons. Risk of PD arises due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, which may interact, termed gene–environment (G×E) interactions. An inverse association between smoking and the risk of PD is well established, and a previous genome‐wide G×E interaction study identified genetic variation in the synaptic‐vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) locus as an important mediator of the degree to which smoking is inversely associated with PD.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the mechanism of the smoking–SV2C interaction in a Drosophila model of PD.MethodsFlies expressing human α‐synuclein in all neurons develop the hallmarks of PD, including motor dysfunction, loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and formation of α‐synuclein inclusions. We assessed the effects of increasing doses of nicotine on these parameters of neurodegeneration, in the presence or absence of knockdown of two Drosophila orthologues of SV2, hereafter referred to as SV2L1 and SV2L2.ResultsThe α‐synuclein–expressing flies treated with nicotine had improved locomotion, DA neuron counts, and α‐synuclein aggregation. However, in α‐synuclein–expressing flies in which SV2L1 and SV2L2 were knocked down, nicotine failed to rescue neurodegeneration.ConclusionsThis work confirms a G×E interaction between nicotine and SV2, defines a role for this interaction in α‐synuclein proteostasis, and suggests that future clinical trials on nicotine should consider genetic variation in SV2C. Furthermore, this provides proof of concept that our model can be used for the mechanistic study of G×E, paving the way for the investigation of additional G×E interactions or the identification of novel G×E. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Computer‐aided detection and diagnosis/radiomics/machine learning/deep learning in medical imaging
Authors: Giger Maryellen L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the years, medical physicists have played important roles in the establishment and advancement of computer‐aided detection/diagnosis in medical image interpretation. Note that the benefit of a medical imaging exam in presenting an accurate diagnosis depends on both the quality of the image (i.e., the physical image acquisition system) and the quality of the interpretation (e.g., conducted by a radiologist). The interpretation of medical images by radiologists is limited by the human eye‐brain system, including various search and perception problems, potentially resulting in missed detections, inaccurate diagnoses, and clinical decision‐making errors. Having computer vision Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems yield “interpretations” was seen as a method to effectively and efficiently improve the medical image interpretation process. In this essay, I will try to convey, through my eyes, the exciting times during the past 35 years that led up to AI in medical imaging as we experience today. In the mid‐1980s, I was part of a University of Chicago team of imaging scientists/medical physicists and radiologists (within the Kurt Rossman Laboratories) who conducted early research in the field of CAD [computer‐aided detection (CADe) and computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx)], where, as the name infers, the goal of the computer output is to be used as an aid to radiologists (i.e., as a second opinion as opposed to a replacement of the radiologist). Kunio Doi, Heang‐Ping Chan, and I submitted the seminal patent on CAD that was granted on 6 March 1990, as well as co‐authored various papers in MEDICAL PHYSICS along with others on our interdisciplinary team, including Heber MacMahon, Robert A. Schmidt, Carl J. Vyborny, Charles E. Metz, Shigehiko Katsuragawa, Robert M. Nishikawa, and Wei Zhang.
Incidental complex repetitive discharges on needle electromyography
Authors: Gupta Harsh V. , Skolka Michael P. , Laughlin Ruple S. , Rubin Devon I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsComplex repetitive discharges (CRDs) are spontaneous electromyography (EMG) waveforms often associated with chronic neurogenic or myopathic diseases, but incidentally identified CRDs have also been described. In this study we describe the distribution and possible significance of incidentally seen CRDs in otherwise normal electrodiagnostic studies.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with CRDs incidentally documented on otherwise normal electrodiagnostic studies at Mayo Clinic from January 2013 through December 2020. Each patient's clinical symptoms, referral reason, electrodiagnostic report, and imaging studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsNinety‐four patients (86 females; mean age, 62 years; range, 20 to 86 years) and 107 CRDs were studied. The most common neuromuscular reasons for electrodiagnostic referrals included radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. Mean symptom duration was 43 months (range, 1 to 312 months). Eighty‐five patients had a CRD identified in one muscle (range, in all patients, one to five muscles). CRDs were identified most frequently in tensor fasciae latae (n = 21), biceps brachii (n = 16), and gluteus maximus (n = 9). Of the 58 patients in whom imaging was available, 46 (79%) had abnormalities that corresponded to the myotome in which the CRDs were visualized, most commonly L5 (n = 19) and C6 (n = 12). Of these 46 patients, 28 (61%) were referred for radicular or limb pain.DiscussionCRDs can be incidentally noted on otherwise normal electrodiagnostic studies, most commonly in L5 and C6 myotomes. The mechanism of CRDs in the absence of electrodiagnostic features of axon loss or remodeling is unknown.
The efficacy, safety, and outcomes of testosterone use among transgender men patients: A review of the literature
Authors: Mwamba Rimel N. , Ekwonu Adaora , Guimaraes Paulo V. B. , Raheem Omer A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGender dysphoria is the discrepancy between biological sex and gender identity. This can be debilitating for transgender populations, including transgender men (TM), individuals who were assigned female at birth but who identify as men, that can benefit from hormonal therapy with testosterone products to address gender dysphoria.MethodsWe aim to summarize the efficacy, safety profile, and outcomes of the different testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) in the TM population. A search of the published literature regarding the various FDA‐approved TRT was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from 2007 to date.ResultsWe complied two groups of TRT based on route of administration including the conventional testosterone therapies (intramuscular and subcutaneous injectables, and transdermal gels) and newer testosterone therapies (oral, buccal, and nasal gels). For the conventional testosterone therapies, we identified nine studies discussed conventional TRT in TM population including one randomized trial, four prospective studies, one retrospective study and three reviews. For newer testosterone therapies, we identified three studies discussed newer TRT in TM population including one prospective study and two reviews. Articles were then compiled and analyzed. Albeit majority of TRT data stemming from conventional TRT, there appear to be an overwhelmingly safety and efficacy profile in TM population translated with increased free testosterone levels comparable to male range, menses cessation, anxiety/depression decline and improved quality of life.ConclusionTestosterone therapy can be impactful for TM population with improved safety, efficiency, quality of life and function. With the rise of the newer FDA‐approved TRT, randomized studies are warranted to determine its safety and efficacity in this TM population.
A two‐dimensional corotational curved beam element for dynamic analysis of curved viscoelastic beams with large deformations and rotations
Authors: Deng Lanfeng , Niu Mu‐Qing , Xue Jian , Chen Li‐Qun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐dimensional corotational curved beam element for the dynamic analysis of curved viscoelastic beams with large deformations and rotations. In contrast with traditional straight beam elements, the novelty of the presented formulation lies in introducing a curved reference configuration, which follows the rotation and translation of a corotational frame, to measure the pure elastic deformation of the beam and describe the spatial position of an arbitrary material point. A curvilinear coordinate system is fixed on this reference configuration to measure the local deformation of the element. Based on Hamilton's principle, the global elastic force vector, the global internal damping force vector, the global inertia force vector, and the global external damping force vector are derived using the same shape functions to ensure the consistency and independence of the element. An accurate two‐node curved element and the Kelvin–Voigt model are introduced to consider the axial deformation, bending deformation, shear deformation, rotary inertia, and viscoelasticity of the beam. Three examples are given to verify the validity, computational accuracy, and computational efficiency of the presented formulation. Moreover, the effects of the internal damping and external damping on the dynamic response of a rotating curved beam are investigated.
Exploring Nursing Undergraduates' Experiences with a Redesigned Blended Learning Course: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Wang Lu , Liao Bizhen , Yang Huanhuan , Yang Chunju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the experience of nursing undergraduates with a blended course, that was redesigned using the Community of Inquiry framework.DesignThe Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing Course was redesigned using blended learning pedagogy, which starts from the creation of teaching presence, plays the intermediary role of social presence and aims at realizing cognitive presence.MethodsAfter the course completion, we conducted a qualitative descriptive study and collected data using focus group interviews and field notes.ResultsThe findings comprised three main themes including role promotion, passive and selective learning and recommendations. Teachers and peers reportedly played the supervisors, facilitators and coordinators in learning promotion. Some students experienced difficulties in adapting to the blended learning environment due to passive learning habits, character flaws and academic pressure. However, a majority of them supported the application of the model.
Threats to professional dignity of Iranian clinical nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Abbasi Ali , Khachian Alice , Ebadi Abbas , Bagheri Hosein 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimIdentifying threats to the nurses' professional dignity has an important role in maintaining and promoting their dignity. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of Iranian nurses' experiences of threats to their professional dignity in clinical settings.DesignA qualitative directed content analysis approach was used.MethodsThe present qualitative study was conducted in Iran.Clinical nurses were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 15 clinical nurses from October 2020 to March 2021. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data.ResultsTwo main categories and 16 subcategories were extracted as follows: (1) professional factors (containing seven subcategories) and (2) organizational factors (containing nine subcategories).ConclusionsTo promote the professional dignity of nurses, it is recommended to identify the factors threatening their professional dignity and create healthy work environments for them.
High order accurate method for the numerical solution of the second order linear hyperbolic telegraph equation
Authors: Kirli Emre , Irk Dursun , Zorsahin Gorgulu Melis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the Galerkin finite element method is applied to get the numerical solution of the linear telegraph equation by using cubic B‐spline function. Differently from the existing studies, the fourth order one‐step method is used to discretize in time the telegraph equation. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is studied by three examples. The obtained results are shown that the proposed method has a higher accuracy.
Strong optimal error estimates of discontinuous Galerkin method for multiplicative noise driving nonlinear SPDEs
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhao Weidong , Zhao Wenju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the strong convergence of a fully discrete numerical method for the stochastic partial differential equations driven by multiplicative noise. The fully discrete space–time approximation consists of the symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for the spatial discretization and the implicit Euler method for the temporal discretization. Rather than the usual semi group analysis techniques, in this paper, we present an analysis framework in the variational formulation by introducing new weak variational approximation techniques. Some error estimates in a strong sense are established for the proposed fully discrete scheme. The optimal convergence rates are then obtained in both space and time. Numerical results for the nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations are finally presented to confirm the theoretical results.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with hypocaloric diet on glucose homeostasis in obesity
Authors: de Araujo Carina , Fitz Raquel C. , da Natividade Gabriella R. , Osório Amanda F. , Merello Paula N. , Mesquita Leonardo de A. , Correia Poliana E. , Freitas Priscila A. C. , Brietzke Elisa , Gerchman Fernando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the effects of repetitive active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) associated with a hypocaloric diet on glucose homeostasis in people with excessive weight.MethodsAdults with overweight or obesity were selected in a randomized, double‐blind pilot study to complete 4 weeks (20 sessions) of fixed‐dose tDCS (2 mA, 20 minutes) delivered over the rDLPFC and associated with a standard hypocaloric diet. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) and stratified by sex to the active tDCS group (active) or the sham tDCS group (sham). Changes in glucose homeostasis were assessed in a 4‐hour liquid meal tolerance test, performed before and after the intervention.ResultsTwenty‐eight participants were randomized (79% with obesity; mean [SD] age 37.6 [5.8] years). After the intervention, fasting plasma glucose (mean [95% CI], −7.8 mg/dL [−14.0 to −1.6]) and insulin levels (−7.7 μIU/mL [−13.9 to −1.6]) decreased in the active compared with the sham. Similarly, the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index increase in the active (4.7 pmol−1 × mmol−1 [1.6 to 7.8]) compared with the sham (0.6 pmol−1 × mmol−1 [−1.4 to 3.2]).ConclusionsRepetitive, active tDCS over the rDLPFC could be a promising noninvasive technique to improve glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight or obesity on a low‐calorie diet, highlighting the importance of investigating this intervention modality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.