bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In children with primary ciliary dyskinesia, which type of lung function test is the earliest determinant of decline in lung health: A systematic review
Authors: Zafar Adnan , Hall Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections and worsening obstructive lung disease. Kidney and brain involvement is less common and is associated with overlapping ciliopathies/syndromes. The lungs are impacted early in the course of the disease, so it is vital to monitor lung function and recognize any decline by doing appropriate lung function tests. This systematic review compares different lung function tests and analyzes which one becomes abnormal earlier in the disease.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the methodology in the “Cochrane Handbook on Systematic Reviews for diagnostic tests.” The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses were used to report the results. The risk of bias assessment was done using “The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews tool for interventional studies.” A meta‐analysis was not performed due to the small sample size. All studies were analyzed by using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool.ResultsAfter screening for the duplication of results and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were assessed by reading the full texts. Out of these, eight were finally included in this systematic review. The total sample size from all studies was 165, including 80 males. All the studies used spirometry as a lung function test, whereas multiple breath washout was used in five studies. Other tests used for comparison were computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6‐min walk test, DLCO, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and PaO2. Lung clearance index (LCI) by multiple breath washout had a stronger association with the structural changes on CT/MRI than spirometry indices like forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of lung volume (FEF 25–75).ConclusionsBased on the evidence from this systematic review, LCI becomes abnormal earlier than FEV1 or FEF 25–75 and positively correlates with the findings on high‐resolution CT. It has limitations like the lack of reference values and a complex technique to perform the test.
Safety of macitentan for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: Real‐world experience from the OPsumit® USers Registry (OPUS) and OPsumit® Historical USers cohort (OrPHeUS)
Authors: McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Channick Richard , Kim Nick H. , Frantz Robert P. , McConnell John W. , Melendres‐Groves Lana , Miller Chad , Ravichandran Ashwin , Rodriguez‐Lopez Josanna , Brand Monika , Leroy Sandrine , Wetherill Graham , Chin Kelly M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMacitentan is an oral endothelin receptor antagonist for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The OPsumit® USers Registry (OPUS) and the OPsumit® Historical USers cohort (OrPHeUS) medical chart review provide real‐world data for patients newly initiating macitentan. This study aims to describe the characteristics, safety profile, and clinical outcomes of PAH patients newly treated with macitentan in the combined OPUS/OrPHeUS data set. OPUS was a prospective, multicenter, long‐term, observational drug registry from April 2014 to June 2020. OrPHeUS was a retrospective, US, multicenter chart review: observation period October 2013 to March 2017. All analyses were descriptive. At registry closure in June 2020, the combined population consisted of 5654 patients, of whom 81.9% were diagnosed with PAH. For these 4626 patients, median duration of macitentan exposure observed was 14.5 (Q1 = 5.2, Q3 = 29.0) months; idiopathic PAH (54.8%) was the most common form of PAH; macitentan was initiated as monotherapy (37.9%), or as part of double (48.0%) or triple therapy (14.1%); discontinuation due to nonhepatic/hepatic adverse events occurred in 17.1%/0.3% of patients; 9.9% of patients experienced ≥1 hepatic adverse events; Kaplan–Meier estimates showed that at 1 year 59.9% (95% confidence interval: 58.3, 61.5) of patients were free from hospitalization and survival was 90.4% (89.3, 91.3). This analysis of real‐world data from the combined OPUS and OrPHeUS populations demonstrated that macitentan is well tolerated in a large, diverse population of PAH patients, with overall and hepatic safety profiles consistent with previous macitentan clinical trials.
Dynamic reliability analysis of gear transmission system based on sparse grid numerical integration and saddle‐point approximation method
Authors: Chen Junhua , Chen Longmiao , Qian Linfang , Chen Guangsong , Miao Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGear systems are widely used in various mechanical transmission systems. This paper aims to develop an effective and practical method for dynamic reliability analysis of gear transmission system. The proposed method can comprehensively evaluate the dynamic reliability of gear transmission system by adopting the fourth‐moment SPA method. First, a nonlinear dynamics model of a single‐stage spur gear transmission system is established, which simultaneously takes into account the nonlinear backlash, time‐varying meshing stiffness, and static transmission error. After that, a dynamic reliability model for the tooth surface contact fatigue failure of gear system is established with the uncertainty of the motion, structure, and material parameters using stress‐strength interference (SSI) theory. To be specific, the sparse grid numerical integration (SGNI) method is applied to solve the statistical characteristic parameters of the dynamic reliability of the system. The probability distribution of the performance function is obtained with the fourth‐moment SPA method. Test examples show that the results of the proposed method are consistent with the results obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and superior to the maximum entropy with fractional moments (ME‐FM) method, which verifies the effectiveness of this approach. Finally, the dynamic reliability of the gear transmission system with respect to load times is evaluated.
Improved Iterative Quantum Algorithm for Ground‐State Preparation
Authors: Liang Jin‐Min , Lv Qiao‐Qiao , Shen Shu‐Qian , Li Ming , Wang Zhi‐Xi , Fei Shao‐Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFinding the ground state of a Hamiltonian system is of great significance in many‐body quantum physics and quantum chemistry. An improved iterative quantum algorithm to prepare the ground state of a Hamiltonian is proposed. The crucial point is to optimize a cost function on the state space via the quantum gradient descent (QGD) implemented on quantum devices. Practical guideline on the selection of the learning rate in QGD are provided by finding a fundamental upper bound and establishing a relationship between the algorithm and the first‐order approximation of the imaginary time evolution. Furthermore, a variational quantum state preparation method is adapted as a subroutine to generate an ancillary state by utilizing only polylogarithmic quantum resources. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by numerical calculations of the deuteron molecule and Heisenberg model without and with noises. Compared with the existing algorithms, the approach has advantages including the higher success probability at each iteration, the measurement precision‐independent sampling complexity, the lower gate complexity, and only quantum resources are required when the ancillary state is well prepared.
Silver nitrate therapy for persistent tracheocutaneous fistula following prolonged tracheostomy and invasive ventilation: A case report
Authors: Sweeney Duncan J. , Chao Caroline , Ridgers Anna , Knee Chong Christine , Goldblatt Joshua , Seevanayagam Siven , Howard Mark E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the case of a man with severe Guillain‐Barré syndrome who developed a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) following prolonged tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. Following tracheostomy decannulation, the TCF had a deleterious effect on non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation efficacy and ability to effectively clear airway secretions due to air leaking from the patent stoma. This case highlights a non‐surgical approach to TCF management that is not well‐described in the literature and presents an alternative management option for cohorts of patients in which the risk associated with surgical interventions may be undesirable.
Novel criteria for stability and ℓ1‐gain analysis of switched positive time‐delay systems
Authors: Wang Peng , Sang Hong , Niu Ben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research concerns stability and ‐gain analysis for discrete‐time switched positive systems with time‐varying delay. The switching among subsystems is orchestrated by a state‐dependent switching mechanism. Different from the existing relevant results for discrete‐time switched time‐delay systems with the similar switching framework, an ameliorative switching manner associated with a novel step‐dependent multiple linear copositive Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is established, which eliminates the common constraint in the construction of the conventional LKF. Also, new criteria with less conservativeness are derived for the switched positive time‐delay systems to be asymptotically stable with an ‐gain performance. Finally, the proposed theoretical techniques are verified through the simulation example.
Advances in Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin
Authors: Wan Zhouyuanye , Zhang Hongjie , Guo Yanzhu , Li Haiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe depletion of traditional fossil energy sources and increasing environmental concerns have sparked continued interest in the development and utilisation of renewable energy sources. Lignin is a renewable resource with an abundant aromatic ring structure and low price. However, the complex structure and low reactivity of lignin limit the development of its application. The depolymerization of lignin is considered to be an effective solution to this dilemma. The catalytic depolymerization of lignin allows the preparation of value‐added fine chemicals, such as monophenols and high‐grade biofuels, partially replacing some products based on petroleum resources. In order to produce biofuels and value‐added chemicals on a large scale through lignin depolymerization, it is necessary to develop efficient catalysts and mature catalytic systems. This review provides an overview of recent advances in catalytic depolymerization of lignin, both in terms of biocatalytic and chemical methods, respectively. Biocatalytic methods depolymerize lignin through the action of fungi, bacteria and enzymes. Chemical methods for depolymerization of lignin include pyrolysis, acid catalysis, base catalysis, oxidative catalysis, hydrogenolysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. In addition, through a detailed discussion of catalyst types, reaction mechanisms and product properties, we summarise the current opportunities and challenges for the catalytic conversion of lignin and provide an outlook on future developments in this field.
Fabrication of a ZnO Hexagonal Plates/rGO Composite for Application in Nitrite Sensing and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Khan Mohd Quasim , Khan Rais Ahmad , Ahmad Khursheed , Kim Haekyoung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, design and fabrication of electrochemical sensors have received huge attention because of their high sensitivity, cost‐effectiveness, good selectivity, simple processing, and low detection limit. Herein, we have fabricated zinc oxide (ZnO) hexagonal plates/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite under benign approach. Different characterization techniques and approaches such as XRD, SEM, EDX, UV‐vis, and XPS were utilized to authenticate the formation and phase purity of ZnO/rGO composite. Further, we have modified active surface area (3 mm) of bare glassy carbon electrode using ZnO/rGO as electro‐catalyst (electrode material) for the construction of nitrite sensor. This modified electrode (ZnO/rGO/GCE) demonstrated low‐limit of detection (DL) of 0.1 μM with good sensitivity of 2.47 μA/μMcm2. Moreover, fabricated ZnO/rGO/GCE exhibited excellent selectivity, stability and repeatability towards the detection of nitrite. Additionally, ZnO/rGO was also applied as photo‐catalyst towards photo‐catalytic hydrogen (H2) generation. The ZnO/rGO showed good H2 generation rate of 650.3 μmolg−1h−1 compared to the pristine rGO or ZnO.
Biofunctional Nanodot Arrays in Living Cells Uncover Synergistic Co‐Condensation of Wnt Signalodroplets
Authors: Philippi Michael , Richter Christian P. , Kappen Marie , Watrinet Isabelle , Miao Yi , Runge Mercedes , Jorde Lara , Korneev Sergej , Holtmannspötter Michael , Kurre Rainer , Holthuis Joost C. M. , Garcia K. Christopher , Plückthun Andreas , Steinhart Martin , Piehler Jacob , You Changjiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQualitative and quantitative analysis of transient signaling platforms in the plasma membrane has remained a key experimental challenge. Here, biofunctional nanodot arrays (bNDAs) are developed to spatially control dimerization and clustering of cell surface receptors at the nanoscale. High‐contrast bNDAs with spot diameters of ≈300 nm are obtained by capillary nanostamping of bovine serum albumin bioconjugates, which are subsequently biofunctionalized by reaction with tandem anti‐green fluorescence protein (GFP) clamp fusions. Spatially controlled assembly of active Wnt signalosomes is achieved at the nanoscale in the plasma membrane of live cells by capturing the co‐receptor Lrp6 into bNDAs via an extracellular GFP tag. Strikingly, co‐recruitment is observed of co‐receptor Frizzled‐8 as well as the cytosolic scaffold proteins Axin‐1 and Disheveled‐2 into Lrp6 nanodots in the absence of ligand. Density variation and the high dynamics of effector proteins uncover highly cooperative liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)‐driven assembly of Wnt “signalodroplets” at the plasma membrane, pinpointing the synergistic effects of LLPS for Wnt signaling amplification. These insights highlight the potential of bNDAs for systematically interrogating nanoscale signaling platforms and condensation at the plasma membrane of live cells.
Integrated Construction Improving Electrochemical Performance of Stretchable Supercapacitors Based on Ant‐Nest Amphiphilic Gel Electrolytes
Authors: Mu Hongchun , Zhang Zekai , Lian Cheng , Tian Xiaohui , Wang Gengchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAqueous integrated stretchable supercapacitors (ISSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to the intrinsic safety in future wearable electronics. However, aqueous ISSCs usually suffer from low energy density and poor dynamic deformation stability owing to the conventional hydrogel electrolytes’ narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) and dissatisfied interface bonding. Herein, an ant‐nest amphiphilic polyurethane hydro/organogel electrolyte (sAPUGE) with a wide ESW (≈2.2 V) and superb self‐adhesion is prepared by electrospinning, which interacts with carbon‐based stretchable electrodes for the construction of flame‐retardant PU‐based sAPUGE‐ISSC. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of chemical bonding and mechanical meshing between the electrode and gel electrolyte interface, as‐assembled sAPUGE‐ISSC delivers a high energy density of 13.7 mWh cm−3 (at a power density of 0.126 W cm−3) and outstanding dynamic deformation stability (98.3% capacitance retention after 500 stretching cycles under 100% strain). This unique hydro/organogel electrolyte provides a pathway toward the next generation of wearable energy products in modern electronics.
Edge‐Nitrogen Enriched Porous Carbon Nanosheets Anodes with Enlarged Interlayer Distance for Fast Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Chong , Yang Wang , Ma Guang , Che Sai , Li Yun , Jia Yan , Chen Ni , Huang Guoyong , Li Yongfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe application of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has attracted tremendous attention. Herein, a series of edge‐nitrogen enriched porous carbon nanosheets (ENPCNs) are synthesized by annealing g‐C3N4 and glucose in a sealed graphite crucible at different temperatures (T = 700, 800, and 900 °C). Surprisingly, under the closed thermal treatment condition, the ENPCNs‐T possess a high N‐doping level (>12.62 at%) and different carbon interlayer distance ranging from 0.429 to 0.487 nm. By correlating the carbon interlayer distance with the N configurations of ENPCNs‐T materials, a reasonable perception of the important influence of pyrrolic N on the increase of carbon interlayer distance is proposed. When applied as anode materials for SIBs, the ENPCNs‐800 exhibits a remarkable capacity (294.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate performance (132.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and outstanding cycle life (180.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 104.7%). Meanwhile, the characterizations of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate that the edge‐nitrogen doping and enlarged carbon interlayer distance improve the capacity and fast charging performance of ENPCNs‐800. Considering the detailed investigation of the Na+ storage mechanism and excellent electrochemical performance of ENPCNs‐800, this work can pave a new avenue for the research of SIBs.
High‐Energy‐Density and High Efficiency Polymer Dielectrics for High Temperature Electrostatic Energy Storage: A Review
Authors: Yang Minzheng , Ren Weibin , Guo Mengfan , Shen Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolymer dielectrics are key components for electrostatic capacitors in energy, transportation, military, and aerospace fields, where their operation temperature can be boosted beyond 125 °C. While most polymers bear poor thermal stability and severe dielectric loss at elevated temperatures, numerous linear polymers with linear D‐E loops and low dielectric permittivity exhibit low loss and high thermal stability. Therefore, the broad prospect of electrostatic capacitors under extreme conditions is anticipated for linear polymers, along with intensive efforts to enhance their energy density with high efficiency in recent years. In this article, an overview of recent progress in linear polymers and their composites for high‐energy‐density electrostatic capacitors at elevated temperatures is presented. Three key factors determining energy storage performance, including polarization, breakdown strength, and thermal stability, and their couplings are discussed. Strategies including chain modulation, filler selection, and design of topological structure are summarized. Key parameters for electrical and thermal evaluations of polymer dielectrics are also introduced. At the end of this review, research challenges and future opportunities for better performance and industrialization of dielectrics based on linear polymers are concluded.
A hybrid approach for enhancing and optimizing the power quality and power flow in Smart Grid Connected System
Authors: Dsouza Anil Kumar , T Ananthapadmanabha , MV Likith Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid approach for power flow management and power quality (PQ) improvement in smart grid (SG) system. The proposed methodology is designed into two phases, power flow management is the first stage and power quality improvement is the second stage of the system. The key purpose of the proposed method is “to regulate that power flow depends on variation of source and load side parameters deliver the highest PQ.” The initial phase of power flow management is executed by using Improved Binary Sailfish Optimizer (IBSFO) approach. The control signal is recognized by the IBSFO approach against active and reactive power variation. The second phase of power quality enhancement is implemented by K2ORBFNN, which is the combination of Kho‐Kho optimization (KKO) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). The gain parameter of the proportional integral (PI) controller is tuned based on load current, DC link, and voltage sources using K2ORBFNN approach. The prediction of optimal control signal minimizes the error which is obtained by RBFNN approach. The proposed method is utilized to attain compensating non‐linear load current harmonics, compensating reactive load power requirement, compensating unbalanced load current with neutral current. Finally, the performance of proposed system is executed in the MATLAB platform and performance is compared with existing techniques. The efficiency under the trails of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 attains 99.1673%, 99.4567%, 99.8402%, and 99.9879%.
The potential immunotoxicity of emamectin benzoate on the human THP‐1 macrophages
Authors: Wei Ziyi , Wang Weiguo , Fu Wen , Zhang Ping , Feng Hao , Xu Wenping , Tao Liming , Li Zhong , Zhang Yang , Shao Xusheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmamectin benzoate (EMB) as one of the typical biological pesticides has a wide range of applications in agriculture. However, the immune toxic effects of EMB in human received limited attention. In our study, THP‐1 macrophage as an in vitro model was used to evaluate immune functions exposed to EMB. We observed that EMB inhibited phagocytic activity and respiratory burst capacity of macrophages without inducing cellular toxicity, implying the potential immunosuppression. Besides, EMB disturbed the cytokines balance embodied in the increase of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, CCL27, CXCL8 mRNA expression and the decrease of IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐10 mRNA expression. EMB could exhibit pro‐inflammatory responses in macrophages and promote the conversion of macrophages to M1 phenotype. Moreover, NF‐κB pathway involved in regulating immune function from KEGG pathway analysis. EMB exposure could activate the NF‐κB pathway in THP‐1 macrophages by exploring the critical proteins. This research provided insights on immunotoxicity evaluation and clarified EMB‐induced immunotoxicity was related to NF‐κB pathway activation.