bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-genome sequencing of extrachromosomal circular DNA of cerebrospinal fluid of medulloblastoma
Authors: Zhu Yi , Liu Zhihui , Guo Yuduo , Li Shenglun , Qu Yanming , Dai Lin , Chen Yujia , Ning Weihai , Zhang Hongwei , Ma Lixin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMedulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant tumor associated with a poor prognosis in part due to a lack of effective detection methods. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has been associated with multiple tumors. Nonetheless, little is currently known on eccDNA in MB.MethodsGenomic features of eccDNAs were identified in MB tissues and matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and compared with corresponding normal samples using Circle map. The nucleotides on both sides of the eccDNAs’ breakpoint were analyzed to understand the mechanisms of eccDNA formation. Bioinformatics analysis combined with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database identified features of eccDNA-related genes in MB. Lasso Cox regression model, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, time-dependent ROC, and Kaplan–Meier curve were used to assess the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of the hub genes.ResultsEccDNA was profiled in matched tumor and CSF samples from MB patients, and control, eccDNA-related genes enriched in MB were identified. The distribution of eccDNAs in the genome was closely related to gene density and the mechanism of eccDNA formation was evaluated. EccDNAs in CSF exhibited similar distribution with matched MB tissues but were differentially expressed between tumor and normal. Ten hub genes prominent in both the eccDNA dataset and the GEO database were selected to classify MB patients to either high- or low-risk groups, and a prognostic nomogram was thus established.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of the characteristics and formation mechanism of eccDNAs in MB and CSF. Importantly, eccDNA-associated hub genes in CSF could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MB.
An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 18 antibacterial drugs in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Lu Wei , Pan Meng , Ke Hongqin , Liang Jun , Liang Wenbin , Yu Ping , Zhang Penghua , Wang Qibin 
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health due to the wide use of antibacterial drugs. Multiple studies show that the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies of antibiotics are an approach to prevent/delay AMR. The pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics are the basis of PK/PD studies, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the key method to obtain pharmacokinetic information. We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine 18 antibacterial drugs (piperacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, clindamycin, tigecycline, linezolid, vancomycin, voriconazole and caspofungin) in human plasma for practical clinical usage. Samples were prepared using protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished in 6 min on a BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) using a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The electrospray ionization source interface was operated in the positive and negative ionization modes. Inter- and intra-day precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability were validated according to the Food and Drug Administration guidance. The correlation coefficients of calibration curves were all greater than 0.99. The accuracies of the 18 antibacterial drugs ranged from 89.1% to 112.4%. The intra-day precision of the analytes ranged from 1.4% to 9.3% and the inter-day precision from 2.1% to 7.2%. The matrix effects ranged from 93.1% to 105.8% and the extraction recoveries ranged between 90.1% and 109.2%. The stabilities of the 18 antibacterial drugs in plasma were evaluated by analyzing three different concentrations following storage at three storage conditions. All samples displayed variations less than 15.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to routine clinical TDM for 231 samples.
A content analysis of e-cigarette marketing on social media: Findings from the Tobacco Enforcement and Reporting Movement (TERM) in India, Indonesia and Mexico
Authors: Murukutla Nandita , Magsumbol Melina S. , Raskin Hana , Kuganesan Sharan , Dini Silvia , Martinez-Mejia Carlos , Rachfiansyah  , Aguilar Benjamin Gonzalez Rubio 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe use of e-cigarettes is proliferating globally, especially among youth and even children. Marketing is a known risk factor for e-cigarette initiation, yet little is known of e-cigarette marketing on social media in low- and middle-income countries. This study compares e-cigarette social media marketing in India, Indonesia, and Mexico, three such countries with different regulatory environments.MethodsInstances of e-cigarette marketing on social media platforms were identified via the Tobacco Enforcement and Reporting Movement (TERM), a digital tobacco marketing monitoring system. Through systematic keyword-based searches, all tobacco marketing posts observed between 15 December 2021 and 16 March 2022 were included in the analysis. The final sample included 1,437 e-cigarette-related posts on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and TikTok, which were systematically content analyzed by independent coders after inter-reliability (Cohen's Kappa K &gt; 0.79) was established using a theory-derived codebook. The final data is represented in percentages and frequencies for ease of presentation.ResultsWe observed e-cigarette marketing online in all countries studied, yet there was variation in the volume of marketing and types of accounts identified. In India, where e-cigarettes were comprehensively banned, we identified 90 (6%) posts; in Mexico, where e-cigarettes were partially restricted, 318 (22%) posts were observed; and in Indonesia, where there were no restrictions, 1,029 (72%) posts were observed. In both India and Mexico, marketing originated from retailer accounts (100%), whereas in Indonesia, it was primarily product brand accounts (86%). Across countries, e-cigarettes were mostly marketed directly to sell products (India: 99%, Indonesia: 69% and Mexico: 93%), though the sales channels varied. Product features, including e-liquid flavors, device colors and technical specifications, was the most prominent message framing (India: 86%; Mexico: 73%; Indonesia: 58%). Harm reduction messaging was most popular in Mexico (8%) and was not common in Indonesia (0.3%) or India (0%).ConclusionOur study provides important insights for tobacco control stakeholders on the evolving nature of e-cigarette marketing in low- and middle-income countries. It underscores the presence of e-cigarette marketing, including in countries where comprehensive regulations exist, and suggests the importance of continuous monitoring to keep up with industry practices and strengthen tobacco control stakeholder efforts to counter them.
Association between trajectories of fasting plasma glucose and risk of osteoporosis in non-diabetic and diabetic populations
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Yuanfeng , Shan Ruiqi , Wu Jing , Man Sailimai , Deng Yuhan , Lv Jun , Wang Xiaona , Yin Jianchun , Ning Yi , Wang Bo , Li Liming 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPrevious studies based on a single measure of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) showed an inconsistent conclusion about the association between FPG and osteoporosis risk. Not accounting for time-varying and cumulative average of FPG over time could bias the true relation between FPG and osteoporosis. Our study aims to investigate the association between the trajectories of FPG and osteoporosis risk for non-diabetic and diabetic populations.MethodsA total of 18,313 participants who attended physical examinations during 2008–2018 were included. They were free of osteoporosis at their first physical examination and followed until their last physical examination before December 31, 2018. We recorded their incidence of osteoporosis and at least three FPG values during follow-up. Their longitudinal FPG trajectories were identified by the latent class growth analysis model based on the changes in FPG. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between the trajectories of FPG and osteoporosis diagnosed in the follow-up physical examination in both non-diabetics and diabetics.ResultsThere were 752 incident osteoporosis among 16,966 non-diabetic participants, and 57 incident osteoporosis among 1,347 diabetic participants. Among non-diabetics, the elevated-increasing FPG trajectory was negatively associated with osteoporosis risk in women (odds ratio (OR), 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43–0.88). Premenopausal women with elevated-increasing FPG trajectory had lower osteoporosis risk than those women with normal-stable FPG trajectory (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20–0.88), while this association was insignificant in postmenopausal women. Among diabetics, those whose longitudinal FPG is kept at a very high level had the highest risk of osteoporosis (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.16–8.22), whereas those whose FPG starts with the high level and keeps on increasing did not exhibit a significantly increased risk (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.81–3.76) compared with those who keep stable moderate-high level of FPG, except in men (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.02–6.12).ConclusionDistinct trajectories of FPG are associated with differential risk of osteoporosis in non-diabetic and diabetic populations. Controlling a proper FPG level in different populations is necessary for osteoporosis prevention.
Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer staging, survival in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Xianghui , Deng Liyong , Li Min , Zhou Yongjie , Wang Guihua 
Published: November 2022

PurposeWe performed this study to evaluate the association of socioeconomic status (SES) factors with cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We further assessed the predictive value of a novel Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM)-SES staging system, combining the TNM stage with the SES stage.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we selected 40,378 patients diagnosed with NSCLC from 2012 to 2016. Cox regression method and Harrell's concordance index (C-index) were performed to select the SES factors related to CSS and evaluate the predictive ability of the novel TNM-SES stage. We used Kaplan–Meier curves and a log-rank test to conduct a survival analysis.ResultsWe identified four SES factors (marriage, insurance, education, and household income) associated with CSS and constructed the SES stage (SES-1 and SES-2). NSCLC patients with SES-2 stage (low SES) was associated with young adult, black race, male, squamous carcinoma, upper lobe site, and advanced stage. SES-2 stage patients were significantly associated with a dismal prognosis of patients with NSCLC, with a 21.0% increased risk (HR = 1.21, 95%CI (1.18–1.24), p &lt; 0.001). The C-index of our novel TNM-SES stage was 0.732 [95% CI (0.728–0.736)], higher than the traditional TNM stage [0.717, 95% CI (0.715–0.719)], indicating superior predictive value.ConclusionOur population-based study indicated that SES was significantly associated with cancer staging and SCC in patients with NSCLC. Our novel TNM-SES staging system showed a superior predictive value to the traditional TNM stage. The impact of SES on patients with NSCLC should receive more concern in clinical management.
Surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A Chinese expert panel consensus treatment guide
Authors: Liao Xuan , Li Sheng-Hong , El Akkawi Mariya Mohamad , Fu Xiao-bing , Liu Hong-wei , Huang Yue-sheng 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDiabetic foot disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 25% lifetime risk for developing a foot ulcer, and between 14% and 24% of patients require a major or minor lower limb amputation due to severe gangrene. However, decisions concerning whether to amputate or whether to perform a major or minor lower limb amputation, and how best to determine the amputation plane remain unclear.MethodsTo consolidate the current literature with expert opinion to make recommendations that will guide surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 23 experts experienced in surgical treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers formed an expert consensus panel, and presented the relevant evidence, discussed clinical experiences, and derived consensus statements on surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Each statement was discussed and revised until a unanimous consensus was achieved.ResultsA total of 16 recommendations for surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers were formulated. The experts believe that determination of the amputation plane should be comprehensively evaluated according to a patient's general health status, the degree of injury, and the severity of lower limb vasculopathy. The Wagner grading system and the severity of diabetic lower extremity artery disease are important criteria when determining the degree of amputation. The severity of both diabetic foot infection and systemic underlying diseases are important factors when considering appropriate treatment. Moreover, consideration should also be given to a patient's socioeconomic status. Given the complexities of treating the diabetic foot, relevant issues in which consensus could not be reached will be discussed and revised in future.ConclusionThis expert consensus could be used to guide doctors in clinical practice, and help patients with diabetic foot ulcers gain access to appropriate amputation treatment.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Comprehensive Virus Resistance Response Mechanism in Pecan Infected by a Novel Badnavirus Pecan Virus
Authors: Zhang Jiyu , Wang Tao , Jia Zhanhui , Jia Xiaodong , Liu Yongzhi , Xuan Jiping , Wang Gang , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2022

Pecan leaf-variegated plant, which was infected with a novel badnavirus named pecan mosaic virus (PMV) detected by small RNA deep sequencing, is a vital model plant for studying the molecular mechanism of retaining green or chlorosis of virus-infected leaves. In this report, PMV infection in pecan leaves induced PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PMV infection suppressed the expressions of key genes of fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:1), and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) biosynthesis, indicating that fatty acids-derived signaling was one of the important defense pathways in response to PMV infection in pecan. PMV infection in pecans enhanced the expressions of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1). However, the transcripts of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase (ICS) were downregulated, indicating that salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis was blocked in pecan infected with PMV. Meanwhile, disruption of auxin signaling affected the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Thus, C18:1 and JA signals are involved in response to PMV infection in pecan. In PMV-infected yellow leaves, damaged chloroplast structure and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) inhibited photosynthesis. Cytokinin and SA biosynthesis was blocked, leading to plants losing immune responses and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The repression of photosynthesis and the induction of sink metabolism in the infected tissue led to dramatic changes in carbohydrate partitioning. On the contrary, the green leaves of PMV infection in pecan plants had whole cell tissue structure and chloroplast clustering, establishing a strong antiviral immunity system. Cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling transductions were remarkably strengthened, activating plant immune responses. Meanwhile, cytokinin accumulation in green leaves induced partial SA biosynthesis and gained comparatively higher SAR compared to that of yellow leaves. Disturbance of the ribosome biogenesis might enhance the resistance to PMV infection in pecan and lead to leaves staying green.
L’Accord de Vienne sur le nucléaire iranien et le rôle quasi législatif du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies
Authors: Iovane Massimo 
Published: November 2022

On May 8, 2018, the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA), signed in Vienna on July 14, 2015), also involving Iran -which undertook to limit its activities aimed at enriching uranium, and the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Germany and the European Union (EU), who, for their part, pledged to abolish the sanctions against Teheran. In the present paper, the author tries to demonstrate that the JCPA was conceived from the beginning, at least partially, as a binding international treaty. Having analysed the UN Security Council from the entry into force of the UN Charter to present days, the author also illustrates how international law is integrated into the sanctioning powers of the SC, this integration being one of the most important and legally relevant functions of that organ’s activity. Indeed, resolution 2231 has mainly been adopted to strengthen respect for legal engagements that had already been agreed upon by the parties, as well as to strengthen respect by Iran for international obligations in the field of nuclear nonproliferation
already in force for it.
Diagnostic Value of Orbital Fat Volume and Superior Ophthalmic Vein Diameter in the Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma in Graves Orbithopathy Patients
Authors: Садовская О.П. , Дравица Л.В. , Шестакова Н.А. 
Published: November 2022

В статье проведена оценка диагностической значимости объема ретробульбарной клетчатки (РБК) и диаметра верхнеглазничной вены (ВГВ) в ранней диагностике вторичной глаукомы, развившейся на фоне эндокринной офтальмопатии (ЭОП). Обследовано 175 пациентов (350 глаз и орбит) с различными формами и активностью ЭОП. Из них диагноз «впервые выявленная вторичная глаукома, развившаяся на фоне ЭОП» выставлен 30 пациентам (58 глаз и орбит). Всем пациентам проведена МРТ орбит с целью определения объема РБК и диаметра ВГВ. Множественный линейный регрессионный анализ, заданный для ряда факторов, подтвердил, что объем РБК и диаметр ВГВ являются предикторами повышения офтальмотонуса у пациентов с ЭОП (ß=0,45, р<0,001 и ß=0,51, р<0,001 соответственно). Достоверной ассоциации для активности течения ЭОП не обнаружено (ß=–0,01, p=0,49). Прогностическими маркерами вторичной глаукомы у пациентов с неактивным течением ЭОП являются показатели объема РБК свыше 16,2 см3 (чувствительность 93,1, 95% ДИ 83,3–98,1; специфичность 88,67, 95% ДИ 75,4–94,1; AUC=0,93 (p<0,0001)), а также диаметр ВГВ свыше 1,6 мм (чувствительность 91,4, 95% ДИ 81–97,1; специфичность 90%, 95% ДИ 79,5–96,2; AUC=0,96 (p<0,0001)). В группе пациентов с активным течением ЭОП прогностическими маркерами симптоматической офтальмогипертензии являются показатели объема РБК свыше 17,5 см3 (чувствительность 83,1, 95% ДИ 71–91,6; специфичность 79,5, 95% ДИ 72,7–85,3; AUC=0,87 (p<0,001)) и диаметр ВГВ больше 1,7 мм (чувствительность 91,5%, ДИ 81,3–97,2; специфичность 91,8, 95% ДИ 86,6–95,5; AUC=0,97 (p<0,001)). Установлено, что показатели объема РБК и диаметра ВГВ являются критериями ранней диагностики глаукомы у пациентов с неактивным течением ЭОП.
The purpose of this study to assess the diagnostic value of orbital fat volume and superior ophthalmic vein diameter in the early diagnosis of glaucoma in Graves orbithopathy (GO) patients. We examined 175 patients (350 eyes and orbits) with different forms and activity of Graves orbithopathy. In 30 patients (58 eyes and orbits) was diagnosed secondary glaucoma. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits and determined total orbital fat volume (TOFV) and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) diameter. Determined that the prognostic markers of secondary glaucoma in patients with inactive stage of GO are the level of TOFV ≥16.2 cm3 (sensitivity 93.1, 95% CI 83.3–98.1; specificity 88.67, 95% CI 75.4–94.1; AUC=0.93 (p<0.001)), and SOV diameter ≥1.6 mm (sensitivity 91.4, 95% CI 81–97.1; specificity 90%, CI 79.5–96.2; AUC=0.96 (p<0.001)). Determination of TOFV and SOV diameter is a criterion for early diagnosis of glaucoma in patients with inactive stage of GO.
Semiotika Puisi “Selamat Pagi, Bumi” Karya M. Faizi
Authors: Jazuli Ach , Busri Hasan 
Published: November 2022

Literary works are the pouring of ideas into texts that contain ethical and aesthetic values. The poem "Good Morning, Earth" by M. Faizi is a literary work written in 2017 and published in the poetry anthology book "Destroying the Earth from the Dining Table" in 2020. This study is intended to find out the implied meaning of poetry through semiotic studies. The research was conducted by describing the results of hermeneutic reading using the semiotic study of Charles Sanders Peirce in the form of icons, indexes, and symbols in poetry. This study uses a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. The source of the data used in this research is a poem by M. Faizi. The results showed that the poem "Good Morning, Earth" by M. Faizi found 10 icons, 12 indices, and 9 symbols.Keywords: icon; index; symbol; poetry; semioticsAbstrakKarya sastra merupakan penuangan ide-ide yang menjadi teks yang mengandung nilai etika dan estetika. Puisi “Selamat Pagi, Bumi” karya M. Faizi merupakan karya sastra yang ditulis tahun 2017 dan diterbitkan dalam buku antologi puisi “Merusak Bumi dari Meja Makan” pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui makna tersirat pada puisi melalui kajian semiotik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan hasil pembacaan hermeneutik dengan menggunakan kajian semiotik Charles Sanders Peirce berupa ikon, indeks, dan simbol pada puisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah puisi karya M. Faizi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa di dalam puisi “Selamat Pagi, Bumi” karya M. Faizi ditemukan 10 ikon, 12 indeks, dan 9 simbol. Katakunci: ikon; indeks; symbol; puisi; semiotik,