bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinus node dysfunction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter: A case report
Authors: Li Haiwei , Wang Zefeng , Wu Yongquan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtrial flutter (AFL) is the second most common atrial tachyarrhythmia after atrial fibrillation. Catheter ablation (CA) for typical AFL is well‐established and has a high success rate and adequate safety. However, sick sinus syndrome (SSS) occasionally occurs when long‐term, persistent AFL is terminated by ablation. Sinus node function cannot be assessed during AFL, and the preoperative prediction of underlying SSS has not yet been investigated. When this situation occurs, pacemaker implantation is often necessary. Here, we report a case of SSS after persistent AFL CA.
Prevalence and risk factors for hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in infants receiving glucocorticoid eye drops after ocular surgery
Authors: Schmidt Diana C. , Kessel Line , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Main Katharina M. , Larsen Dorte A. , Bangsgaard Regitze 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence and risk factors for hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression (HPA axis suppression) in infants receiving glucocorticoid (GC) eye drops after ocular surgery.MethodsThis was a clinical observational cohort study. Children under the age of two receiving GC eye drops after cataract or glaucoma surgery between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 were included at one centre. Medical history and results of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests were obtained through patient charts.ResultsForty‐nine infants were included in the study. Ten out of 22 patients (45.5%) tested during treatment and two out of 27 patients (7.4%) tested after treatment cessation were diagnosed with HPA axis suppression. The duration of HPA axis suppression extended beyond 3 months in 8 out of 12 patients. Logistic regression showed that infants with HPA axis suppression had received a higher GC dose/body weight/day before the first ACTH test (p < 0.001). There was a 79% (95% CI:1.28;2.50) increase in the odds of having HPA axis suppression for a 0.01 mg GC increase/kg/day corresponding to an additional daily eye drop for an infant weighing 5 kg. There was an association between HPA axis suppression and number of days from surgery to test (p = 0.003), age at surgery (p = 0.035) and cumulated GC dose (p = 0.005). Three infants with HPA axis suppression had affected growth and one had Cushing‐like features, but there were no cases of Addisonian crisis.ConclusionInfants are at risk of having hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression if they receive a high daily glucocorticoid dose per weight by topical ocular administration. Infants receiving glucocorticoids after ocular surgery should be monitored clinically or by ACTH testing.
The fibrotic niche impairs satellite cell function and muscle regeneration in mouse models of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Tomaz da Silva Meiricris , Santos Audrei R. , Koike Tatiana E. , Nascimento Tabata L. , Rozanski Andrei , Bosnakovski Darko , Pereira Lygia V. , Kumar Ashok , Kyba Michael , Miyabara Elen H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that the proliferation and early differentiation of myoblasts are impaired in Marfan syndrome (MFS) mice during muscle regeneration. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated muscle regeneration in MFS mouse models by analyzing the influence of the fibrotic niche on satellite cell function.MethodsIn vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experiments were performed. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of fibrosis using Ang‐(1–7) on regenerating skeletal muscles of MFS mice.ResultsThe skeletal muscle of MFS mice shows an increased accumulation of collagen fibers (81.2%), number of fibroblasts (157.1%), and Smad2/3 signaling (110.5%), as well as an aberrant number of fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells in response to injury compared with wild‐type mice. There was an increased number of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory macrophages (3.6‐ and 3.1‐fold, respectively) in regenerating muscles of wild‐type mice, but not in the regenerating muscles of MFS mice. Our data show that proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are altered (p ≤ 0.05) in MFS mice. Myoblast transplantation assay revealed that the regenerating muscles from MFS mice have reduced satellite cell self‐renewal capacity (74.7%). In addition, we found that treatment with Ang‐(1–7) reduces fibrosis (71.6%) and ameliorates satellite cell dysfunction (p ≤ 0.05) and muscle contractile function (p ≤ 0.05) in MFS mice.ConclusionThe fibrotic niche, caused by Fbn1 mutations, reduces the myogenic potential of satellite cells, affecting structural and functional muscle regeneration. In addition, the fibrosis inhibitor Ang‐(1–7) partially counteracts satellite cell abnormalities and restores myofiber size and contractile force in regenerating muscles.
Entrepreneurial orientation and decision‐making under risk and uncertainty: Experimental evidence from the Columbia Card Task
Authors: Dijkstra Nienke F. S. , de Groot Kristel , Rietveld Cornelius A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship and decision‐making under risk and uncertainty using the Columbia Card Task: an experimental task eliciting affective decision‐making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. In a sample of 127 university students, we find robust evidence that individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) is negatively related to decision‐making under risk and uncertainty. In addition, we show that distinguishing the subscales of IEO is key to understanding this relationship, since while the relationship is negative for the Proactiveness and Innovativeness subscales, it is positive for the Risk taking subscale. Moderation analyses show that heterogeneous sensitivity towards possible gains and losses explains the main relationship.
Tumour, whole‐blood, plasma and tissue concentrations of metformin in lung cancer patients
Authors: Phillips Joseph D. , Pooler Darcy B. , Ness Dylan B. , Fay Kayla , Tau Steven , Demidenko Eugene , Hampsch Riley A. , Lewis Lionel D. , Miller Todd W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimMetformin is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is being tested clinically as an anticancer agent. Metformin concentrations safely achievable in human solid tissues including tumours are unknown. This study was designed to determine metformin concentration in tissue compartments as a function of dose to inform rational dosing in preclinical models and interpretation of clinical results."MethodsSubjects with solid tumours to be treated by resection and either (A) willingness to take metformin for 7‐10 days before surgery or (B) taking metformin for T2DM were eligible. Whole blood, plasma, tumour, tumour‐adjacent uninvolved tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained for liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to measure metformin concentrations.ResultsAll subjects had primary lung tumours. Metformin dose was significantly correlated with drug concentrations in all tissues analysed. Intersubject metformin concentrations varied by over two orders of magnitude. Metformin concentrations were significantly higher in tumour tissues and lower in adipose tissues compared to other tissues. Concentrations in blood and plasma were significantly correlated with concentrations in solid tissues.ConclusionMetformin accumulates in cellular compartments. Concentrations observed in plasma, blood, lung and tumour tissues in subjects treated with US Food and Drug Administration‐approved doses for T2DM are lower than those typically used in tissue culture studies. However, such tissue concentrations are in line with those found within cultured cells treated with supra‐pharmacological doses of metformin. Given the large intersubject variability in metformin concentrations, it is imperative to determine whether there is an association between tissue metformin concentration and anticancer activity in humans.
Asebogenin suppresses thrombus formation via inhibition of Syk phosphorylation
Authors: Li Li , Xu Xulin , Lv Keyu , Zheng Guijuan , Wang Hao , Chen Shuai , Huang Lang , Liu Yi , Zhang Yadong , Tang Zhaoming , Zhang Lili , Wang Jinyu , Qiao Jianlin , Li Hongliang , Wang Xuanbin , Yao Guangmin , Fang Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Platelet activation by exposed collagen through glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critical pathogenic factors for arterial and venous thrombosis. Both events are regulated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)‐mediated signalling events. Asebogenin is a dihydrochalcone whose pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the antithrombotic effects of asebogenin and the underlying molecular mechanisms.Experimental ApproachPlatelet aggregation was assessed using an aggregometer. Platelet P‐selectin exposure, integrin activation and calcium mobilization were determined by flow cytometry. NETs formation was assessed by SYTOX Green staining and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative phosphoproteomics, microscale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay and molecular docking combined with dynamics simulation were performed to characterize the targets of asebogenin. The in vivo effects of asebogenin on arterial thrombosis were investigated using FeCl3‐induced and laser‐induced injury models, whereas those of venous thrombosis were induced by stenosis of the inferior vena cava.Key ResultsAsebogenin inhibited a series of GPVI‐induced platelet responses and suppressed NETs formation induced by proinflammatory stimuli. Mechanistically, asebogenin directly interfered with the phosphorylation of Syk at Tyr525/526, which is important for its activation. Further, asebogenin suppressed arterial thrombosis demonstrated by decreased platelet accumulation and fibrin generation and attenuated venous thrombosis determined by reduced neutrophil accumulation and NETs formation, without increasing bleeding risk.Conclusion and ImplicationsAsebogenin exhibits potent antithrombotic effects by targeting Syk and is a potential lead compound for the development of efficient and safe antithrombotic agents.
Climate change induced elevational range shifts of Himalayan tree species
Authors: Maharjan Surya Kumar , Sterck Frank J. , Raes Niels , Zhao Yue , Poorter Lourens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal warming may force montane species to shift upward to keep pace with their shifting climate niche. How species differences in such distribution shifts depend on their elevational positions, elevation‐dependent warming rates, and other environmental constraints, or plant functional traits is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed for 137 Himalayan tree species how distribution shifts vary with elevational niche positions, environmental constraints, and their functional traits. We developed ecological niche models using MaxEnt by combining species survey and botanical collections data with 19 environmental predictors. Species distributions were projected to 1985 and 2050 conditions, and elevational range parameters and distribution areas were derived. Under the worst‐case RCP 8.5 scenario, species are predicted to shift, on average, 3 m/year in optimum elevation, and have 33% increase in distribution area. Highland species showed faster predicted elevational shifts than lowland species. Lowland and highland species are predicted to expand in distribution area in contrast to mid‐elevation species. Tree species for which species distribution models are driven by responses to temperature, aridity, or soil clay content showed the strongest predicted upslope shifts. Tree species with conservative trait values that enable them to survive resource poor conditions (i.e., narrow conduits) showed larger predicted upslope shifts than species with wide conduits. The predicted average upslope shift in maximum elevation (8 m/year) is >2 times faster than the current observations indicating that many species will not be able to track climate change and potentially go extinct, unless they are supported by active conservation measures, such as assisted migration.Abstract in Nepali is available with online material
Regulatory role of human fibrocartilage stem cells in condyle osteochondroma
Authors: Yin Qing , Bi Ruiye , Li Haohan , Li Qianli , Li Peiran , Wang Ruiyu , Zhu Songsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveOsteochondroma is a common benign skeletal disorder for which different molecular and histological features of long bones have been reported. We investigated cell‐of‐origin and molecular mechanisms of a rare condylar osteochondroma (CO).MethodsHuman fibrocartilage stem cells (hFCSCs) isolated from CO and normal condyle tissue were used for RNA sequencing, real‐time PCR, Western Blotting, immunohistology, flowcytometry, as well as for chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis detection assays.ResultsHFCSCs were fewer in number with weaker proliferative capacity and higher apoptosis ratio in the CO group. During the chondrogenic inducing process, hFCSCs from CO were prone to form more mature and hypertrophic cartilage. The result of RNA sequencing of hFCSCs from CO and normal condyle revealed a correlation between the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and CO. Activated PI3K/AKT signalling might lead to functional changes in hFCSCs by enhancing cell apoptosis in the developmental process of CO. Increased expression of BCL2‐like protein 11 (BIM) in CO tissue also supports this conclusion. Furthermore, the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in TMJ of mice induced histological disorder and increased apoptosis in condylar cartilage.ConclusionWe conclude that the activation of PI3K/AKT signalling in hFCSCs of CO suggests a new hypothesis for the cell‐of‐origin of human CO and another possible target to treat it.
Changes in health harms due to cannabis following legalisation of non‐medical cannabis in Canada in context of cannabis commercialisation: A scoping review
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Imtiaz Sameer , Konikoff Lauren , Douglas Laura , Elton‐Marshall Tara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssueOn 17 October 2018, Canada legalised non‐medical cannabis. Critically, the cannabis market in Canada has changed considerably since legalisation. In this scoping review, we identified available evidence on changes in cannabis‐related health harms following legalisation and contextualised findings based on legal market indicators.ApproachElectronic searches were conducted to identify studies that compared changes in cannabis‐related health harms pre‐ and post‐legalisation. We contextualised each study by the mean per capita legal cannabis stores and sales during the study period and compared study means to per capita stores and sales on October 2021—3 years following legalisation.Implications and ConclusionsSome measures of cannabis harms have increased since legalisation but studies to date have captured periods of relatively low market maturity. Longer‐term monitoring of health harms as the market continues to expand is indicated.
User perspectives on digital literacy as a response to misinformation
Authors: Diepeveen Stephanie , Pinet Melanie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMotivationIn a polarizing world, the spread of “fake news” and mis/disinformation is a cause of concern for young people's wellbeing, as they are at the forefront of the use and consumption of digital media. The article focuses on how young people view and respond to misinformation online, and the role of digital literacy interventions to mitigate this challenge.PurposeThe analysis aims to provide some initial insights on how young people view and respond to misinformation online, based on open‐ended online consultations, and consider what their ideas and experiences imply for whether and how digital literacy interventions can help mitigate the impact of “fake news” and mis/disinformation on young people's wellbeing.Approach and methodsThe empirical analysis is based on two online consultations, held in the early months of the Covid‐19 pandemic, that explore multiple views of young people on misinformation. The consultations were analysed for patterns and variation in how young people define the problem of misinformation, and consider digital literacy as a solution, for both men and women, and in different geographies globally.FindingsThrough the consultations, participants suggest a contextualized view of misinformation, both in terms of how it becomes problematic and mitigation strategies. Young people experienced misinformation in intersection with other issues in the digital public sphere, including cybersecurity and unequal access. Young people also reinforced a broad view of digital literacy that includes data literacy and digital citizenship.Policy implicationsConsultation participants challenge policy‐makers and practitioners to look more deeply at the factors contributing to misinformation, to expand their vision of young people's agency, and to incorporate these insights into designing digital literacy interventions that mitigate the harms of misinformation online, and enable young people to address harmful content online.
Low‐cycle fatigue parameters and fatigue life estimation of high‐strength steels with artificial neural networks
Authors: Soyer Mehmet Alperen , Kalaycı Can Berk , Karakaş Özler 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFatigue life estimation is essential for life safety and cost reasons. Fatigue parameters at low cycles must be estimated with high accuracy to correctly estimate fatigue life. Conventional equations for parameters at low cycles are inadequate and unable to calculate the values correctly. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to estimate and optimize the parameters and are more accurate than traditional equations. This study aims to estimate the fatigue parameters at low cycles and fatigue life by ANN with basic tensile properties of high‐strength steels (HSSs), which can be easily obtained from the literature. In particular, the fatigue strength exponent and fatigue ductility exponent primarily characterize the strain–life curve, and the estimation of these parameters is extremely important. To improve the accuracy of the estimation, activation functions, epoch numbers, training functions, elapsed times of training functions, and the number of hidden neurons is compared and determined.
Evaluating MTS criterion in predicting mixed‐mode crack extension under different loading conditions
Authors: Eftekhari Mosleh , Xu Chaoshui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion is one of the most widely used criteria for predicting the direction of crack extension. The suitability of this criterion is examined under different loading conditions using the extended finite element method (XFEM). Experimental and numerical results reported in the literature are considered to evaluate the validity and accuracy of the criterion. The results demonstrate that the MTS criterion evaluated by stress intensity factors (SIFs) can accurately predict the direction of crack propagation in specimens under direct tensile loading. This criterion overestimates the angle of crack initiation in the specimen under indirect tensile loading but underestimates the angle in the specimen subjected to 3‐point bending. It is concluded that the MTS criterion based on SIFs could not accurately predict the direction of the crack initiation, which could, however, be determined properly based on the stress distribution around the crack tip obtained by the XFEM numerical models.
Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering
Authors: Kawa Nura , Cucchi Karina , Rubin Yoram , Attinger Sabine , Heße Falk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.
The evolution of physiotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of persons with haemophilia (PWH): A scoping review
Authors: Boccalandro Elena A. , Begnozzi Valentina , Garofalo Sofia , Pasca Samantha , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia is a rare congenital bleeding disorder, and the most common manifestation is spontaneous bleeding in muscles and joints. Despite the benefits linked to recent and dramatic pharmacological advances at least in high income setting, many patients still develop musculoskeletal dysfunctions during their lifetime, which must be managed by physiotherapists in the frame of a multidisciplinary team. The aim of the scoping review is to map the available evidence by providing an overview on the past and present physiotherapy scenario in persons with haemophilia (PWH).Materials and methodsThe review was conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Scientific articles on physiotherapy and sport interventions for PWH published from 1960 up to September 2021 have been included. Search was conducted on the e‐databases PubMed and PEDro without restrictions for the study design.ResultsSixty eight articles were included, 52 related to rehabilitation and preventive physiotherapy, 16 to sport. The results have been reported in chronological order and divided into two categories: (1) rehabilitation and preventive physiotherapy; (2) sport activities.ConclusionsThis is the first scoping review on physiotherapy in haemophilia, based on the existing evidence on this topic which allowed us to underline how the role of the physiotherapist changed over time. Historically this specialist did intervene only after an acute bleed or surgical operation, but now he has a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary team that acts to improve from birth the quality of life of the PWH. His activity is also closely intertwined with sport promotion and supervision.