bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of novel hybrid machine learning systems and radiomics features for non-motor outcome prediction in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Salmanpour Mohammad R , Bakhtiyari Mahya , Hosseinzadeh Mahdi , Maghsudi Mehdi , Yousefirizi Fereshteh , Ghaemi Mohammad M , Rahmim Arman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectives.Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 2%–3% of the elderly population. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a rapid nonmotor screening test, assesses different cognitive dysfunctionality aspects. Early MoCA prediction may facilitate better temporal therapy and disease control. Radiomics features (RF), in addition to clinical features (CF), are indicated to increase clinical diagnoses, etc, bridging between medical imaging procedures and personalized medicine. We investigate the effect of RFs, CFs, and conventional imaging features (CIF) to enhance prediction performance using hybrid machine learning systems (HMLS).Methods.We selected 210 patients with 981 features (CFs, CIFs, and RFs) from the Parkinson’s Progression-Markers-Initiative database. We generated 4 datasets, namely using (i), (ii) year-0 (D1) or year-1 (D2) features, (iii) longitudinal data (D3, putting datasets in years 0 and 1 longitudinally next to each other), and (iv) timeless data (D4, effectively doubling dataset size by listing both datasets from years 0 and 1 separately). First, we directly applied 23 predictor algorithms (PA) to the datasets to predict year-4 MoCA, which PD patients this year have a higher dementia risk. Subsequently, HMLSs, including 14 attribute extraction and 10 feature selection algorithms followed by PAs were employed to enhance prediction performances. 80% of all datapoints were utilized to select the best model based on minimum mean absolute error (MAE) resulting from 5-fold cross-validation. Subsequently, the remaining 20% was used for hold-out testing of the selected models.Results.When applying PAs without ASAs/FEAs to datasets (MoCA outcome range: [11,30]), Adaboost achieved an MAE of 1.74 ± 0.29 on D4 with a hold-out testing performance of 1.71. When employing HMLSs, D4 + Minimum_Redundancy_Maximum_Relevance (MRMR)+K_Nearest_Neighbor Regressor achieved the highest performance of 1.05 ± 0.25 with a hold-out testing performance of 0.57.Conclusion.Our study shows the importance of using larger datasets (timeless), and utilizing optimized HMLSs, for significantly improved prediction of MoCA in PD patients.
Retracted: Exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation using extended Nikiforov-Uvarov formalism for generalized pseudo-harmonic oscillator
Authors: Alrebdi H I , Ikot A N , Okorie U S , Obagboye L F , Horchani R , Abdel-Aty A-H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Schrodinger equation with generalized pseudo-harmonic oscillator (GPHO) is transformed into a form that is compatible with extended Nikiforov-Uvarov (ENU) formalism, and its exact solutions are obtained in three and N-dimensions using this formalism. The energy spectrum for the GPHO was obtained in closed form, and the wave function was determined using the biconfluent Heun differential equation. Special cases are deduced, and some numerical results are shown to illustrate the behaviour of the bound state energies at different quantum states for various values of potential parameter; lambda. In addition, the thermodynamic property expressions for GPHO are obtained in closed form, and their variation with temperature-dependent parameters is discussed extensively for various values of lambda. Our results agree with those obtained in the literatures.
Low-temperature, short-time, wafer-level bonding for Cu/Sn/Cu solid-state-diffusion interconnect in 3-D integration
Authors: Li Xueru , Wang Junqiang , Li Mengwei , Hou Wen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Cu/Sn/Cu solid-state diffusion (SSD) under low temperature is proposed and investigated for three-dimensional (3-D) integration. Cu and Sn films were deposited by high-efficiency and low-cost physical vapor deposition to fabricate 40-μm-pitch daisy-chain structures. Subsequently, the Cu bump surface was treated with Ar (5% H2) plasma. The Cu/Sn/Cu structure was bonded face to face at 200 °C for 15 min The interfacial composition of the as-bonded dies comprised five layers, Cu/Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5/Cu3Sn/Cu, with no Sn remaining and no overflow. After annealing at 200 °C for 15 min under N2 atmosphere, as the Cu6Sn5 completely transformed into Cu3Sn, the microstructure changed to stable three layers: Cu/Cu3Sn/Cu. Additionally, the average bonding shear strength reached 27.0 MPa, which is higher than that for conventional Cu/Sn SSD bonding. The measured bonding resistance value was maintained at the theoretical value. Moreover, the parabolic growth constant of Cu3Sn reached 1.86 × 10−15 m2/s. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using Cu/Sn/Cu SSD for low-temperature, short-time, wafer-level bonding.
Stability for an inverse source problem of the diffusion equation
Authors: Yao Xiaohua , Zhao Yue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We prove an increasing stability estimate for an inverse source problem of the diffusion equation with a nontrivial variable absorption coefficient in

R

3

. The stability estimate consists of two parts: the Lipschitz type data discrepancy and the high frequency tail of the source function. The latter decreases when the upper bound of the frequency increases. The proof is based on an exact observability bound for the heat equation and the resolvent estimates for the elliptic operator. In particular, to justify the Fourier transform and obtain Plancherel’s theorem for the time-domain Cauchy data on the boundary, we derive certain appropriate time decay estimates for the heat equation using semigroup theory.
Carbon ion beam induced chemical modification and nano-pyramid growth on Si surface
Authors: Bhowmick Sudip , Mukherjee Joy , Ghosal Manorama , Karmakar Prasanta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report the growth of nano-ripple on, initially smooth Si surface due to chemically guided additional instability generation during 10 keV C+ bombardment at grazing (70°) ion incidence. Also, the transformation of the ripple structure to triangular nano-pyramidal structure at higher ion fluence is investigated in details. It is shown that the chemical nature of the surface changes due to silicon carbide formation at the ion impact sites, and the surface becomes a mixture of Si and SiC. The differential sputtering of Si from pure Si and SiC, generates an additional instability which leads to trigger the ripple pattern on the surface. The variation of height amplitude, lateral correlation length and slope angles of the developed structures are investigated and explained in terms of existing continuum theory. At very high ion fluence the transformation of the structure into three dimensional triangle (pyramidal) is revealed and the mechanism is explained in the light of variation of local ion impact angle and its consequent effects.
Atomistic approach for predicting mechanical properties and creep behavior of graphene reinforced natural rubber composites
Authors: Hussain Syed Asad , Sharma Sumit , Patel Pramod Rakt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Graphene has proven to be one of the finest nanomaterials for rubber. In the present study the effect of volume fraction and functionalization of graphene sheets on the mechanical properties and creep behavior of natural rubber (NR) composites has been predicted using the molecular dynamics approach. The properties of NR nanocomposite with the graphene sheet volume fractions of 2.5%, 4.72%, and 11.35% have been compared with the properties of pristine NR. It was observed that the values of Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus were increased up to 104%, 68.40%, and 17.5% respectively for the NR nanocomposite with the reinforcement of 11.35% of graphene compared to pristine NR. The ultimate tensile strength was also increased up to 46% with a higher volume fraction of the graphene sheet. The carboxyl and ester functional groups were used for the functionalization of the graphene sheet. Among the two groups, it was observed that the carboxyl group functionalized graphene sheet provided a better result than the ester group functionalized graphene sheet reinforced NR nanocomposite. The results showed that the introduction of graphene sheets improved the creep resistance of NR nanocomposites significantly. The pristine NR reached the failure stage in just 600 ps for the stress level of 140 MPa, whereas the NR nanocomposite with an 11.35% volume fraction sustained a higher stress level of 160 MPa and has not shown any sign of failure, even after the simulation time of 1000 ps.
Spherical near-field measurement of the offset vehicle antenna mounted on a vehicle
Authors: Wu Jinxin , Zhu Yun , Wang Weilong , Liu Ke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the vehicle antenna measurement mounting on a vehicle, the offset mounting of the antenna will increase the maximum spherical wave expansion modes, with the increasing calculation time and the increasing risk of introducing environmental reflection noise. Therefore, basing on the matrix form of the traditional spherical wave expansion (TSWE) algorithm, this paper introduces the offset spherical wave expansion (OSWE) algorithm of the offset mounting antenna under test (AUT) aiming to decrease the maximum modes, shorten the calculation time and reduce the environmental noise with the method of spherical wave expansion. Taking LTE antenna and GPS antenna as examples, this paper analyzes the improved performance of OSWE algorithm comparing with TSWE algorithm on the vehicle antenna mounting on a vehicle, as well as the parameters like equivalent noise level (ENL), omnidirectional standard deviation (σ).
Investigation on capacitive force measuring device with linear output
Authors: Zheng Peiliang , Deng Yan , Wang Shuxiang , Wu Dechang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Capacitive force measuring device is the most precise of all electrical force force measuring devices with its extremely high sensitivity and resolution. The shape of the capacitive electrode had an important influence on the output of the capacitive force measuring device, and a capacitive force measuring device with linear output could be obtained by regulating the shape of the electrode. The functional conditions that the shape of the capacitor electrode needed to meet when the force measuring device had been linearly output are obtained through theoretical analysis. The output characteristics of two electrode shapes satisfying linear output had been studied through the method of combining theoretical analysis and experiment. Results shown that when the electrode shape satisfied the function condition, the experimental data output of the force measuring device had a good linear relationship, and the linearity could reach more than 0.99. The value of the constant term in the electrode shape function had almost no influence on the output linearity of the force measuring device, but had a direct influence on the slope and intercept of the linear output. For the electrodes with a certain shape, the applied voltage only affected the output range of the force measuring device and did not affect its output linearity. The wide range and high-accuracy measurement of the force measuring device could be realized by using the capacitive force measuring device with linear output with setting different fixed-value loading voltages.
Model-and-data hybrid driven method for power system Operational reliability evaluation with high penetration of renewable energy
Authors: Qi Xiaoguang , Wang Ying , Yu Mingfeng , Wei Zhengze , Zhao Kailin , Chen Yu , Li Xuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the rising penetration of renewable energy, the fluctuation of operating conditions such as wind speed and light intensity affects the reliability of the power system. It leads to the repeated reliability evaluation of the power systems and increases the computational complexity. Based on the non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation (NMCS) and back propagation neural network (BPNN), a new model-and-data hybrid driven method for power system reliability evaluation is proposed. Firstly, NMCS is used to calculate the system reliability indices under different operating conditions to obtain the input data for neural network training. Then, the proposed Multiple BPNN (M-BPNN) is used to establish the highly nonlinear mapping relationship between operating conditions and system reliability indices, which can significantly reduce the calculation time of power system operational reliability evaluation with high penetration of renewable energy. The IEEE-RTS 79 system is used to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, and sensitivity analysis is performed.
Design and Performance Analysis of an Electromagnetic Railgun
Authors: Du Xiang-yu , Liu Shao-wei , Guan Jiao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A railgun is a launcher that accelerates projectiles to super-velocity. In this paper, FEM-BEM coupling simulation method is used to study the electromagnetic characteristics, force and contact state of the railgun and an augmented hyperbolic quadrupole railgun structure is proposed. Compared with the traditional railgun and the non-augmented quadrupole railgun, it is found that the proposed railgun structure has excellent performance in electromagnetic compatibility, thrust on the armature, and the contact state between the armature and the rail. The research of this paper can provide a reference for the structural design of railguns.
Influence of Ridge Groove Structure on Local Field Distribution in Microwave Reaction Cavity
Authors: Zhong Runeng , Li Lin , Yao Bin , Xiang Tai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Uneven energy distribution and “hotspot” phenomenon are bottlenecks restricting the development of the microwave heating industry. The formation of high-intensity electric field aggregation areas can be effectively repressed by optimizing the reaction cavity structures. With a box-type microwave reaction cavity as the study object and an external ridge groove as the induction device, the influences of the structural parameters of different devices on the microwave local field distribution were analytically explored through the simulation technology, and a “hotspot” early warning method was proposed. This study provides a reference for inhibiting the “hotspot” phenomenon on microwave fields and optimally designing microwave reactors.
Research and Application of Temperature Load of Switchgear
Authors: Yang Ruibo , Li Tong , Chen Jiehua , Lin Jingfeng , Mao Lei , Wang Mu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Abnormal changes in the temperature and load current of the high-current switchgear will directly affect the reliable operation of the equipment. In order to effectively monitor the temperature of the switchgear and ensure the reasonable arrangement of temperature measurement sensors, this paper realizes the optimal arrangement of sensors and the temperature prediction of the switchgear through simulation and test of the switchgear. Firstly, Ansoft electro thermal simulation module is used for joint simulation, the change of temperature field and the heating of current carrying bus are analyzed, the test data of temperature change under different environmental conditions are obtained, and the relationship between the temperature sensor and the distance between the hot spot is mastered. Then the temperature load curves under different currents are obtained through the test, and the accuracy of the research results is verified by the combination of theoretical simulation and field test. The test results can not only provide guidance for the temperature sensor installation scheme of substation field operation and maintenance personnel, but also improve the stability of equipment operation.
Research on improving the reliability of flow measurement of first circuit coolant medium sampling system in nuclear power plant
Authors: Gan Changxian , Wan Tian , Liu Xianbin , Han Hongbao , An Kang , Hu Xiqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The accuracy of flowmeter of the first circuit coolant sampling system in nuclear power plant affects the measurement of the Boron meter. If the fault treatment cannot be completed in time, the reactor state needs to be withdrawn, which will affect nuclear safety and cause great economic losses. In this paper, a feasible improvement scheme is proposed by analyzing the causes of instrument failure, researching the optimization direction, and adopting measures such as seismic analysis, prototype verification, split design, and interference suppression, which effectively improves the reliability of nuclear sampling flow measurement in nuclear power plants.
Study on wind-induced response of corroded transmission tower
Authors: Zhang Li-gang , Ren Yuan , Yao Jian-feng , Tu Zhi-bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transmission towers in heavily polluted areas and coastal areas are prone to corrosion, resulting in the decline of wind resistance capacity of the structure. In order to study the wind-induced effect of transmission towers under strong corrosive environment, the finite element model of transmission towers with different service life is established by using the corrosion rate model of galvanized coating and the corrosion depth model of steel provided by the specification. The attenuation characteristics of structural natural vibration characteristics are studied, and the variation of displacement, acceleration and stress of tower body under strong wind are analysed. The results show that with the increase of service life, the structural vibration mode changes and the torsional frequency decays fastest, the stress of main members increases gradually. When the service life reaches 50 years, the extreme displacement at tower top and normal stress of member at 95.5 m exceeds limit, making the tower being destroyed.
Study on the pressure fluctuation characteristics of the high-pressure common rail system with a distributor
Authors: Huang Huimin , Tian Bingqi , Geng Liping , Ju Yusheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In allusion to the problem of common rail pressure fluctuation when the high-pressure common rail system (CRS) using double rails, a numerical simulation model of a V-type 8-cylinder engine CRS was established by using AMESim software, and the suppression of pressure fluctuation with and without distributor was studied. The optimum structure dimension of the distributor with length of 100 mm and inner diameter of 9 mm was obtained by uniform design method. Then the pressure surge characteristics of CRS was researched. The research results showed that the installation of the distributor cut down the amplitude of the pressure oscillation of the common rail by more than 62.28%. Therefore, the designed distributor can effectively suppress the rail pressure fluctuation and improve CRS stability.
Analysis of Failure Causes of Grounding Flat Steel for 110kV Transmission Tower
Authors: Fan Pingcheng , Chen Hao , Zheng Jianjun , Yu Xiao , Gong Weiwei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The corrosion causes of the grounded flat steel of a 110kV transmission tower were experimentally analyzed by means of macro testing, microstructure inspection, chemical composition analysis, corrosion product morphology and energy spectrum, galvanized layer thickness test, soil physical and chemical property analysis and other test methods. The results show that the improper selection of anti-corrosion process of grounded flat steel and the service environment of alkaline and high salt are the main reasons for its corrosion fracture. It is proposed that the power grid equipment should not use the grounding flat steel of cold galvanizing process, and the inspection of the grounding flat steel of the transmission tower in the Irrigation areas along the Yellow River should be strengthened.
Research on Methods of Increasing Current Carrying Capacity of 110 kV Single Core Cable
Authors: Pang Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Power cables have been used more frequently in planning and designing the urban power grid. With the rapid development of power grid engineering, the power grid’s capacity is increasing, and the transmission capacity of the cable is also growing. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the cable carrying capacity. This paper puts forward some methods to enhance the current-carrying capacity of the cable, taking a 110 kV cable as an example, including adopting a reasonable cable arrangement, adopting proper grounding mode and segment length, and reducing the external thermal resistance of the cable and adopting reasonable laying mode. The above methods are calculated and analyzed, and the influence degree of the above methods on the current carrying capacity of the cable is counted, which provides a reference and basis for the design and selection of power cables in the future. Combined with the theoretical calculation and engineering practice of the current carrying capacity of the cable, the cable diameter is reasonably selected, the engineering investment is reduced, and the urban power grid is well constructed to provide a stable power guarantee for urban construction.
Key Technologies for Optimal Design and Stable Cooperative Operation of Broadband Current Array Sensing System
Authors: Fu Dehui , Du Fei , Yu Hao , Yuan Shuai , Chang Wenzhi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new design method of internet of things (IOT) sensor is proposed, various equipment in substation can be abstracted as a complex system composed of directly or indirectly connected equipment nodes, the widely arranged broadband current sensors are used to monitor the current characteristics of high-frequency partial discharge, leakage current and relative dielectric loss of each equipment nodes which are extracted to form a sensor array based on electric flow. System engineering theory is proposed to design the array sensor and is used to optimize layout and operation stability analysis. The designed model and interpretation structure model of IOT sensor system are constructed, based on the state equation or transfer function of the sensor array, the operation stability observation method of the sensor under the missing elements, slight disturbance and severe disturbance is proposed.
Modeling of coordination control system for supercritical unit under wet state operating condition
Authors: Wang Xihui , Chen Houtao , Zhu Xiaoxing , Wang Zhijie , Xun Xin , He Honghao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The coordination control system model of supercritical unit under wet state operating condition is established in this paper. Based on the huge historical operating data of a unit, the static parameters and dynamic parameters of the model are solved by data statistics and regression and genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, respectively. Steady-state operating condition points verification, open-loop step response verification, and historical operation data closed-loop verification are conducted. The results show that the model is accurate and can be used for control system designing. For steady-state condition point verification, the relative error between the model output results and the actual data is less than 3.5%. The open-loop step disturbance test can objectively reflect the response characteristics of the unit. As to the closed-loop verification, the relative error between the model output results and the actual data is within 3%.