bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface permeability contrasts control shallow groundwater flow dynamics in the critical zone of a glaciated, headwater catchment
Authors: Benton Joshua R. , McGuire Kevin J. , Schreiber Madeline E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGroundwater flow direction within the critical zone of headwater catchments is often assumed to mimic land surface topographic gradients. However, groundwater hydraulic gradients are also influenced by subsurface permeability contrasts, which can result in variability in flow direction and magnitude. In this study, we investigated the relationship between shallow groundwater flow direction, surface topography, and the subsurface topography of low permeability units in a headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. We continuously monitored shallow groundwater levels in the solum throughout several seasons in a well network (20 wells of 0.18–1.1 m depth) within the upper hillslopes of Watershed 3 of the HBEF. Water levels were also monitored in four deeper wells, screened from 2.4 to 6.9 m depth within glacial drift of the C horizon. We conducted slug tests across the well network to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the materials surrounding each well. Results showed that under higher water table regimes, groundwater flow direction mimics surface topography, but under lower water table regimes, flow direction can deviate as much as 56 degrees from surface topography. Under these lower water table conditions, groundwater flow direction instead followed the topography of the top of the C horizon. The interquartile range of Ksat within the C horizon was two orders of magnitude lower than within the solum. Overall, our results suggest that the land surface topography and the top of the C horizon acted as end members defining the upper and lower bounds of flow direction variability. This suggests that temporal dynamics of groundwater flow direction should be considered when calculating hydrologic fluxes in critical zone and runoff generation studies of headwater catchments that are underlain by glacial drift.
Organochlorine pesticides induce epithelial as well as inflammatory mediators following exposure to human ovarian surface epithelial cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Shah Harendra K. , Banerjee Basu D. , Thakur Gaurav K. , Guleria Kiran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough studies have suggested organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure increased the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, the mechanisms underlying its potential tumorigenic effects in the human ovary are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), endosulfan, and heptachlor exposure on epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) and proinflammatory mediators in human ovary surface epithelial (HOSE) cells. We found that DDE, endosulfan, and heptachlor exposure resulted in epithelial differentiation accompanied by upregulation of E‐cadherin expression and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) in HOSE cells. The epithelial differentiation may accelerate HOSE cells to inclusion body formation, a common site for ovarian cancer initiation and persistent exposure to OCPs creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment that may promote the neoplastic transformation of HOSE cells within the inclusion cyst.
Variation in bacterial pneumonia diagnoses and outcomes among children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Cotter Jillian M. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Molloy Matthew J. , Markham Jessica L. , Aronson Paul L. , Stephens John R. , Steiner Michael J. , McCoy Elisha , Collins Megan , Tchou Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent diagnostics do not permit reliable differentiation of bacterial from viral causes of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), which may lead to over‐treatment with antibiotics for possible bacterial community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).ObjectivesWe sought to describe variation in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial CAP among children hospitalized with LRTIs and determine the association between CAP diagnosis and outcomes.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis multicenter cross‐sectional study included children hospitalized between 2017 and 2019 with LRTIs at 42 children's hospitals.Main Outcome and MethodsWe calculated the proportion of children with LRTIs who were diagnosed with and treated for bacterial CAP. After adjusting for confounders, hospitals were grouped into high, moderate, and low CAP diagnosis groups. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between high and low CAP diagnosis groups and outcomes.ResultsWe identified 66,581 patients hospitalized with LRTIs and observed substantial variation across hospitals in the proportion diagnosed with and treated for bacterial CAP (median 27%, range 12%–42%). Compared with low CAP diagnosing hospitals, high diagnosing hospitals had higher rates of CAP‐related revisits (0.6% [95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.7] vs. 0.4% [0.4, 0.5], p = .04), chest radiographs (58% [53, 62] vs. 46% [41, 51], p = .02), and blood tests (43% [33, 53] vs. 26% [19, 35], p = .046). There were no significant differences in length of stay, all‐cause revisits or readmissions, CAP‐related readmissions, or costs.ConclusionThere was wide variation across hospitals in the proportion of children with LRTIs who were treated for bacterial CAP. The lack of meaningful differences in clinical outcomes among hospitals suggests that some institutions may over‐diagnose and overtreat bacterial CAP.
Associated microbiota and treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome complicated with infections
Authors: Zhang Yin , Huang Ying , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and management of co‐infections in hospitalized severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) patients. We retrospectively evaluated the microbiological database records of the SFTS patients in the first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 1, 2018, to December 1, 2021. According to the obtained results, co‐infections including pulmonary infection, bloodstream infection, biliary tract infection, urinary tract infection, and abdominal infection were observed in SFTS patients. The incidence rate of fungal infections was found to be high in SFTS patients. Furthermore, we suggest that old age people should be evaluated for the risk of fungal infection. In comparison to the non‐infection group, patients in the co‐infection group were more likely to get mechanical ventilation, antibacterial treatment, antifungal treatment, and blood product therapy (p < 0.001), with a significantly longer length of stay (p < 0.05). In SFTS patients, the most prevalent strains were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Candida, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. In this investigation, 66.2% (106/160) of patients were given antibiotics, most often Piperacillin/tazobactam or minocycline. 15.6% (25/160) of patients were treated with antifungal drugs: 13.1% (21/160) with voriconazole. Patients with SFTS Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (SAPA) received active antifungal treatment, but the mortality rate was still 23.5% (8/34). Only 6 of the 11 patients with SFTS Associated Candidiasis were treated with antifungal drugs with no mortality. Due to the high frequency of fungal pulmonary infection in SFTS patients, more standardized fungal detection program should be strengthened.
Lung–brain axis: Metabolomics and pathological changes in lungs and brain of respiratory syncytial virus‐infected mice
Authors: Mao Yu , Bajinka Ousman , Tang Zhongxiang , Qiu Xiangjie , Tan Yurong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lung–brain axis is an emerging area of study that got its basis from the gut–brain axis biological pathway. Using Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) as the model of respiratory viral pathogen, this study aims to establish some biological pathways. After establishing the mice model, the inflammation in lung and brain were assayed using Hematoxylin‐eosin staining, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. The biological pathways between lung and brain were detected through metabolomics analysis. In lung, RSV infection promoted epithelial shedding and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, RSV immunofluorescence and titerss were significantly increased. Moreover, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were also significantly increased after RSV infection. In brain, the cell structure of hippocampal CA1 area was loose and disordered. Inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression in the brain also increased, however, TNF‐α expression showed no differences among the control and RSV group. We observed an increased expression of microglia biomarker IBA‐1 and decreased neuronal biomarker NeuN. In addition, RSV mRNA expression levels were also increased in the brains. 15 metabolites were found upregulated in the RSV group including nerve‐injuring metabolite glutaric acid, hydroxyglutaric acid and Spermine. ɑ‐Estradiol increased significantly while normorphine decreased significantly at Day 7 of infection among the RSV group. This study established a mouse model for exploring the pathological changes in lungs and brains. There are many biological pathways between lung and brain, including direct translocation of RSV and metabolite pathway.
Locality determination of inky black omphacite jades from Myanmar and Guatemala by nondestructive analysis
Authors: Xing Biqian , Shi Guanghai , Long Taafee , Shih Meiyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLocality identification of high‐quality inky black omphacite jades (inky jades) from Myanmar and Guatemala is becoming increasingly urgent. In this study, Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) were performed to distinguish samples of inky jade from the two localities. The Raman spectra revealed the presence of several types of minor minerals in Guatemalan samples, including titanite, albite, orthoclase, taramite, celsian, and cymrite, whereas the Myanmar samples consisted almost entirely of omphacite. Taramite and lath‐like celsian occurred only in Guatemalan samples and had significance in locality tracing. The Raman and FTIR reflectance spectra of omphacite shifted to low wavenumbers in proportional to isomorphic substitution Na+Al3+ → Ca2+(Mg2+, Fe2+). Semiquantitative calculations based on the Raman (~680 cm−1) and IR modes (~658, ~576, and ~424 cm−1) showed consistent jadeite end‐member components (~43% to ~64%) in the Myanmar samples, whereas those (~23% to ~87.5%) of the Guatemalan samples were wider and generally lower. In addition, the full width at half maximum values (FWHMs) of Raman shifts near 680 cm−1 in the Myanmar samples (avg. 15.03 cm−1) were less than those (avg. 16.81 cm−1) of the Guatemalan specimens. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on Raman spectroscopy identified most samples with accuracy of 85.5%. Combined with results by EDXRF, these analyses revealed the characteristics of a relatively narrow range of Na+Al3+ → Ca2+Mg2+ isomorphism for the Myanmar jades and a more developed Na+Al3+ → Ca2+(Mg2+, Fe2+) isomorphism for the Guatemalan jades. This study might have implications for commercial applications, archeological research, and judicial expertise.
Physicochemical properties and transcriptional changes underlying the quality of ‘Gala’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) under atmosphere manipulation in long‐term storage
Authors: Dambros Juliele Ilone , Storch Tatiane Timm , Pegoraro Camila , Crizel Giseli Rodrigues , Gonçalves Breno Xavier , Quecini Vera , Fialho Flavio Bello , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Girardi César Luís 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe year‐round availability of apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) depends on post‐harvest technologies, which are essential for the retention of fruit sensory and chemical properties by delaying senescence. The effectiveness of strategies for preserving the quality of apples depends on complex interactions between the storage environment and endogenous biological factors. In the current work, we integrated instrumental, sensory, and transcriptional data to determine the role of conservation technologies cold storage, controlled atmosphere, and 1‐methylcyclopropene‐mediated ethylene blockage on the long‐term conservation of apples.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that inhibition of the consumer's perception of the apples’ ethylene content is essential for long‐term cold storage, and such quality conservation can be achieved by reducing oxygen pressure. Overall appreciation of apples after storage was determined mainly by their texture, with crispness and juiciness contributing favorably, and mealiness contributing negatively. Reduced oxygen pressure and inhibition of ethylene perception exerted distinct effects on the transcription of candidate genes associated with ripening in apple. Hexose and cell‐wall carbohydrate metabolism genes exhibit distinct expression patterns under storage.CONCLUSIONInhibition of ethylene perception and reduction of relative oxygen pressure under cold storage both promote similar conservation of apple sensory traits under long‐term cold storage. Texture was the main contributor to global appreciation of apples subjected to long‐term storage. The conditions that were investigated were able to delay, but not fully prevent, senescence, as evidenced by physicochemical and gene expression analyses. The expression of gene‐encoding enzymes involved in hexose metabolism was mainly developmentally regulated, whereas storage conditions exerted a stronger effect on the expression of genes associated with cell‐wall metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dysphagia in patients with coronavirus disease undergoing orotracheal intubation
Authors: Almeida Vinícius Pereira Barbosa , Félix Letícia , Tavares Tracy Lima , da Silva Castro Mariana Marques , Tiago Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the incidence and the risk factors for the development of dysphagia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) undergoing orotracheal intubation.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we evaluated consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and underwent orotracheal intubation were evaluated. During hospitalization, extubated patients were classified as dysphagic and nondysphagic based on bedside functional assessment of swallowing. Patients discharged from hospital were asked to complete the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10) questionnaire, followed by an endoscopic examination to identify laryngotracheal lesions, and a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). The food consistencies used for FEES were moderately thick, extremely thick, thin, and regular.ResultsBased on the functional assessment of swallowing, performed a mean of 5.3 days and a median of 4 days after extubation, the incidence of dysphagia in patients with COVID‐19 undergoing orotracheal intubation was 53.6%. In the late evaluation, performed a mean of 102 days after extubation, 12.8% of patients had an EAT‐10 score >2. Orotracheal intubation (OTI) duration and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of dysphagia. There was an association between EAT‐10 > 2 and the presence of laryngotracheal lesion, with no difference between lesion type and EAT score >2.ConclusionsThe incidence of dysphagia varied according to the time of assessment, being higher the earlier the assessment after extubation. OTI duration and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of dysphagia, and the presence of laryngotracheal lesions demonstrated an association with dysphagia.Level of Evidence3.
Precision Synthesis of Boron‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStructurally precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted great interest considering their prospective applications as organic carbon materials for nanoelectronics. The electronic properties of GNRs not only critically depend on the edge structure and width but also on the heteroatom type, doping position, and concentration. Motivated by the recent undisputable progress in the synthesis of stable boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B‐PAHs), considerable efforts have been devoted to the precision synthesis of the corresponding boron‐doped GNRs (B‐GNRs) via bottom‐up synthesis approach in recent years in view of the extraordinary ability of boron doping on modulating their physiochemical properties. In this review, an overview of the bottom‐up organic synthesis of B‐GNRs, including the precursor design and synthesis, structure characterization of the resulting B‐GNRs, and investigation of their electronic properties is provided. Moreover, the future challenges and perspectives regarding the bottom‐up synthesis of B‐GNRs are also discussed. The authors hope that this review will further stimulate the synthesis and device integrations of B‐GNRs with a combined effort from different disciplines.
COVID‐19 metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Wang Tianshi , Cao Ying , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zihao , Man Cheuk Him , Yang Yunfan , Chen Lingchao , Xu Shuangnian , Yan Xiaojing , Zheng Quan , Wang Yi‐Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) dysregulates antiviral signaling, immune response, and cell metabolism in human body. Viral genome and proteins hijack host metabolic network to support viral biogenesis and propagation. However, the regulatory mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been elucidated until recently. Multiomic studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) revealed an intensive interaction between host metabolic regulators and viral proteins. SARS‐CoV‐2 deregulated cellular metabolism in blood, intestine, liver, pancreas, fat, and immune cells. Host metabolism supported almost every stage of viral lifecycle. Strikingly, viral proteins were found to interact with metabolic enzymes in different cellular compartments. Biochemical and genetic assays also identified key regulatory nodes and metabolic dependencies of viral replication. Of note, cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are broadly involved in viral lifecycle. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the hallmarks of COVID‐19 metabolism. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remodels host cell metabolism, which in turn modulates viral biogenesis and replication. Remodeling of host metabolism creates metabolic vulnerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, which could be explored to uncover new therapeutic targets. The efficacy of metabolic inhibitors against COVID‐19 is under investigation in several clinical trials. Ultimately, the knowledge of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic reprogramming would accelerate drug repurposing or screening to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Dual role of empathy in job stress, burnout, and intention to leave among addiction specialists
Authors: Bokuchava Tamar , Javakhishvili Nino 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress, burnout, and intention to leave, moderated by empathic concern and perspective‐taking. The data were collected via the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) measuring perspective‐taking and empathic concern, Spielberger's Professional Stress Questionnaire, and a questionnaire measuring intention to leave. Medical doctors, nurses, and psychologists working in addiction facilities were surveyed. The results showed that, independently, job stress increases burnout and intention to leave. In addition, either cognitive or emotional factors of empathy prevent burnout and intention to leave; however, the preventing effect of each is reduced when they interact. Moreover, perspective‐taking enhances the effect of job stress on intention to leave. This twofold effect of empathy for burnout and intention to leave provides practical implications for health‐care professionals.
Preparation of underwater superoleophobic porous coating via a co‐deposition method for oil/water mixture separation
Authors: Duan Yanping , Dong Guangli , Wu Ruijie , Zhao Xia , Li Mingwei , Zhang Fengfeng , Song Zhimin , Hao Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOil contamination is problematic in subaqueous environments. Here, a cationic poly(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)‐N‐[2′‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐ ammonium chloride) (PCBMAE) was synthesized, and a one‐step approach of dopamine‐assisted codeposition was used to generate PCBMAE/polydopamine (PDA) superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic coatings coated on a stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation. The structures, surface morphologies, and properties of the coatings were analyzed by IR, SEM, TGA, and contact angle measurements. During deposition at a PCBMAE and DA mass ratio of 1:1, PCBMAE/PDA mixture particles uniformly adhered to the skeletons of the mesh, increased the surface roughness, created enriched surface micro/nanostructures, and reduced the surface energy of the coating. This endowed the metal mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity (oil contact angle 163°) without blocking the mesh, and the deposition density was 0.26 mg/cm2. The separation efficiency of the coated mesh was 99.6% for the first castor oil/water separation and dropped to 98.0% after 5 cycles. After 25 cycles, the separation efficiency was still higher than 95%. The PCBMAE/PDA codeposited mesh exhibited high oil/water separation efficiency, stable mechanical properties, and weather stability under different harsh environments, making it a promising separation material for future industrial applications.
On finite‐time stability analysis of homogeneous vector fields with multiplicative perturbations
Authors: Braidiz Youness , Polyakov Andrey , Efimov Denis , Perruquetti Wilfrid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem of finite‐time and fixed‐time stability analysis is considered for a class of nonlinear systems where is homogeneous of a degree and is bounded. It is shown that under certain conditions on the asymptotic stability of the system implies its finite‐time stability for or nearly fixed‐time stability for . The so‐called homogeneous extensions are utilized for the analysis. The results are generalized to a class of systems where for every are homogeneous of some (possibly different) degrees and satisfy certain boundedness conditions. An example of a mechanical system is presented in the last section to illustrate the obtained results.