bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene Sequencing Identifies Perturbation in Nitric Oxide Signaling as a Nonlipid Molecular Subtype of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Khera Amit V. , Wang Minxian , Chaffin Mark , Emdin Connor A. , Samani Nilesh J. , Schunkert Heribert , Watkins Hugh , McPherson Ruth , Erdmann Jeanette , Elosua Roberto , Boerwinkle Eric , Ardissino Diego , Butterworth Adam S. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Naheed Aliya , Danesh John , Chowdhury Rajiv , Krumholz Harlan M. , Sheu Wayne H.-H. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Chen Yii-der Ida , Gabriel Stacey , Lander Eric S. , Saleheen Danish , Kathiresan Sekar 
Published: October 2022

Background:

A key goal of precision medicine is to disaggregate common, complex diseases into discrete molecular subtypes. Rare coding variants in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (
LDLR
) are identified in 1% to 2% of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, defining a molecular subtype with risk driven by hypercholesterolemia.

Methods:
To search for additional subtypes, we compared the frequency of rare, predicted loss-of-function and damaging missense variants aggregated within a given gene in 41 081 CAD cases versus 217 115 controls.

Results:

Rare variants in
LDLR
were most strongly associated with CAD, present in 1% of cases and associated with 4.4-fold increased CAD risk. A second subtype was characterized by variants in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (
NOS3
), a key enzyme regulating vascular tone, endothelial function, and platelet aggregation. A rare predicted loss-of-function or damaging missense variants in
NOS3
was present in 0.6% of cases and associated with 2.42-fold increased risk of CAD (95% CI, 1.80–3.26;
P
=5.50×10
−9
). These variants were associated with higher systolic blood pressure (+3.25 mm Hg; [95% CI, 1.86–4.65];
P
=5.00×10
−6
) and increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 1.31; [95% CI, 1.14–1.51];
P
=2.00×10
−4
) but not circulating cholesterol concentrations, suggesting that, beyond lipid pathways, nitric oxide synthesis is a key nonlipid driver of CAD risk.

Conclusions:

Beyond
LDLR
, we identified an additional nonlipid molecular subtype of CAD characterized by rare variants in the
NOS3
gene.
A Tribute to Paul Crutzen (1933–2021): The Pioneering Atmospheric Chemist Who Provided New Insight into the Concept of Climate Change
Authors: Fishman Jack , Birks John W. , Graedel Thomas E. , Steffen Will , Burrows John P. , Howard Carleton J. , Wayne Richard P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Paul Crutzen received his doctorate in meteorology from the University of Stockholm in 1968 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995. In addition to chemistry and atmospheric science, however, the breadth of his accomplishments has also been recognized by biologists, Earth system scientists, and geologists. This tribute provides some insight into Crutzen’s career and how it contributed to so many scientific disciplines. In addition, we offer a road map showing how these diverse contributions were woven together over the course of more than five decades of research. The citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize reads that it was given for “work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.” The inclusion of the wording “formation … of ozone” applies only to him among the three laureates (Crutzen, Mario Molina, and F. Sherwood Rowland). His research on tropospheric chemistry led to seminal studies of tropical biomass burning, which eventually evolved into the concept later known as “nuclear winter,” a topic in the forefront of far-ranging popular discussions in the 1980s. Last, Crutzen’s proposal for the emergence of the “Anthropocene” as a new geological epoch that would terminate the 11,700-yr-old Holocene is considered by the Earth system science community to be the most pronounced trademark of his remarkable career. Crutzen also received American Meteorological Society’s Battan Award for his coauthorship of Atmosphere, Climate, and Change, recognized by the organization as the best book for general audiences. In the later years of his career, as a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Crutzen was a key player in the formulation of Laudato Si’, Pope Francis’s encyclical on climate change, which was released in advance of the Conference of Parties (COP 21) meeting that announced the formulation of the Paris Climate Accords in 2015.
Variability and Predictability of Basinwide and Sub-Basin Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Mei Wei , Li Shuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The variability and predictability of tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) during 1973–2010 at both basinwide and sub-basin scales in the northwest Pacific are investigated using a 100-member ensemble of 60-km-resolution atmospheric simulations that are forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The sub-basin regions include the South China Sea (SCS) and the four quadrants of the open ocean. The ensemble-mean results well reproduce the observed interannual-to-decadal variability of TCGF in the southeast (SE), northeast (NE), and northwest (NW) quadrants, but show limited skill in the SCS and the southwest (SW) quadrant. The skill in the SE and NE quadrants is responsible for the model’s ability to replicate the observed variability in basinwide TCGF. Above-normal TCGF is tied to enhanced relative SST (i.e., local SST minus tropical-mean SST) either locally or to the southeast of the corresponding regions in both the observations and ensemble mean for the SE, NE, and NW quadrants, but only in the ensemble mean for the SCS and the SW quadrant. These results demonstrate the strong SST control of TCGF in the SE, NE, and NW quadrants; both empirical and theoretical analyses suggest that ensembles of ∼10, 20, 35, and 15 members can capture the SST-forced TCGF variability in these three sub-basin regions and the entire basin, respectively. In the SW quadrant and the SCS, TCGF contains excessive noise, particularly in the observations, and thus shows low predictability. The variability and predictability of the large-scale atmospheric environment and synoptic-scale disturbances and their contributions to those of TCGF are also discussed.
Reconstruction of the Rheological Parameters in a Sea Ice Model with Viscoplastic Rheology
Authors: Panteleev Gleb , Yaremchuk Max , Francis Oceana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the feasibility of the reconstruction of the spatially varying rheological parameters through the four-dimensional variational data assimilation of the sea ice velocity, thickness, and concentration into the viscoplastic (VP) sea ice model. The feasibility is assessed via idealized variational data assimilation experiments with synthetic observations configured for a 1-day data assimilation window in a 50 × 40 rectangular basin forced by the open boundaries, winds, and ocean currents and should be viewed as a first step in the developing the similar algorithms which can be applied for the more advanced sea ice models. It is found that “true” spatial variability (∼5.8 kN m−2) of the internal maximum ice strength parameter can be retrieved from observations with reasonable accuracy of 2.3–5.3 kN m−2, when an observation of the sea ice state is available daily in each grid point. Similar relative accuracy was achieved for the reconstruction of the compactness strength parameter α. The yield curve eccentricity e is found to be controlled by the data with less efficiency, but the spatial mean value of e could be still reconstructed with a similar degree of confidence. The accuracy of , α, and e retrievals is found to increase in regions of stronger ice velocity convergence, providing prospects for better processing of the observations collected during the recent MOSAiC experiment. The accuracy of the retrievals strongly depends on the number of the control variables characterizing the rheological parameter fields.
A Tale of Two Vortex Evolutions: Using a High-Resolution Ensemble to Assess the Impacts of Ventilation on a Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Event
Authors: Fischer Michael S. , Reasor Paul D. , Tang Brian H. , Corbosiero Kristen L. , Torn Ryan D. , Chen Xiaomin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The multiscale nature of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change under moderate vertical wind shear was explored through an ensemble of high-resolution simulations of Hurricane Gonzalo (2014). Ensemble intensity forecasts were characterized by large short-term (36-h) uncertainty, with a forecast intensity spread of over 20 m s−1, due to differences in the timing of rapid intensification (RI) onset. Two subsets of ensemble members were examined, referred to as early-RI and late-RI members. The two ensemble groups displayed significantly different vortex evolutions under the influence of a nearby upper-tropospheric trough and an associated dry-air intrusion. Mid-to-upper-tropospheric ventilation in late-RI members was linked to a disruption of inner-core diabatic heating, a more tilted vortex, and vortex breakdown, as the simulated TCs transitioned from a vorticity annulus toward a monopole structure. A column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget revealed the important role of horizontal advection in depleting MSE from the TC core, while mesoscale subsidence beneath the dry-air intrusion acted to dry a deep layer of the troposphere. Eventually, the dry-air intrusion retreated from late-RI members as vertical wind shear weakened, the magnitude of vortex tilt decreased, and late-RI members began to rapidly intensify, ultimately reaching a similar intensity as early-RI members. Conversely, the vortex structures of early-RI members were shown to exhibit greater intrinsic resilience to tilting from vertical wind shear, and early-RI members were able to fend off the dry-air intrusion relatively unscathed. The different TC intensity evolutions can be traced back to differences in the initial TC vortex structure and intensity.

Significance Statement
Despite recent advances, tropical cyclone intensity forecasts struggle to accurately predict episodes of rapid intensification. Such forecasts become increasingly challenging when a storm is embedded within an environment of moderate vertical wind shear. This study uses an ensemble of high-resolution simulations to examine how environmental influences can affect the tropical cyclone vortex and precipitation structure, which, in turn, modulate the intensity of the storm and the onset of rapid intensification. We propose a feedback that exists where slightly weaker and less resilient vortices are more susceptible to ventilation from dry, environmental air, aided in part by differential advection from the tilted circulation, resulting in a degradation of vortex organization and a delayed onset of rapid intensification.
Reconsidered surgical aortic valve replacement after declined transcatheter valve implantation
Authors: Luthra Suvitesh , Leiva-Juarez Miguel M , Malvindi Pietro G , Navaratanaraja Manoraj , Curzen Nick , Ohri Sunil K 
Published: October 2022

Background Outcomes for high surgical risk patients who declined transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and then reconsidered for conventional aortic valve replacement (rSAVR) for severe calcific aortic stenosis are not well known. Methods This single-centre, case–control study (rSAVR vs Conservative group) retrospectively analysed patients for rSAVR (2009–2019). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of composite of neurological sequelae/renal failure/deep sternal wound infection/re-exploration and death. Survival was compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine predictors of survival. Results TAVI was denied in 519/1095 patients, 114(10.4%) had rSAVR (cases) and 405 (37%) were managed conservatively (controls). Mean age for rSAVR was 80 years (IQR: 73.5–85 years). The commonest reason for declining TAVI was prohibitive high risk due to multiple comorbidities. Among rSAVR, hospital mortality was 2.2% and stroke was 4.4%. Median follow-up was conservative; 14.4 months versus rSAVR; 34.8 months. Five-year survival was conservative; 12.6% versus rSAVR; and 59.5% (overall conservative; 38.0% vs. rSAVR; 60.5%, p < 0.001). rSAVR was protective (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26, 0.51, p < 0.001) and high comorbidities had high hazard (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.07, p = 0.001). rSAVR had fewer hospital readmission episodes (Conservative; 13.6/patient-year vs. rSAVR; 6.9/patient-year, p = 0.002). Conclusions rSAVR may be considered in high surgical risk elderly patients who have been declined TAVI in centres with low operative mortality. rSAVR may be superior to conservative management in carefully selected patients.
Use of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis panel to detect pathogenic microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid specimens: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hara Makoto , Ishihara Masaki , Nakajima Hideto 
Published: October 2022

Objective Meningitis and encephalitis are neurological emergencies requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. The performance of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction test, and conventional methods for diagnosing meningitis and encephalitis was compared. Methods This retrospective study assessed 20 patients diagnosed with meningitis or encephalitis according to clinical symptoms and laboratory examination findings between January 2018 and December 2019. The results of the FilmArray® ME panel were compared with those of conventional methods. Results Pathogens were identified in 11 (55%) patients using the FilmArray® ME panel and in nine (45%) patients using conventional methods. The test identified herpes simplex virus type 1 in two patients, herpes simplex virus type 2 in one, varicella-zoster virus in four, Streptococcus pneumoniae in three, and Cryptococcus neoformans in one. Furthermore, additional pathogens were detected (n = 1, S. pneumoniae and n = 1, varicella-zoster virus). The median times to pathogen identification were 2 hours using the FilmArray® ME panel and 96 hours with conventional methods. Conclusions The sensitivity of the FilmArray® ME panel for rapidly detecting the most common pathogens was similar to that of conventional methods. Hence, this method could decrease the time to definitive diagnosis and treatment initiation.
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits cross-protective immunity in people who received boosters or infected with variant strains
Authors: Chowdhury Selia , Chowdhury Md. Shahraj , Chowdhury Nurjahan Shipa , Chowdhury Samia , Chowdhury Shajeda 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the most antigenically unique SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern to date, which is currently widespread across the world. Omicron variant and its sublineages contain a plethora of mutations than other variants of concern, which increases their transmissibility and virulence. Concerns regarding potential immunological evasion have been reignited by emerging subvariants of the Omicron variant. Determining the effectiveness of Omicron-induced immunity and whether it is cross-protective against other variants is a crucial aspect of the research. Method A systematic search of relevant articles until September 25, 2022, from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was done independently by two authors. A total of 11 articles discussing about immunological evasion of different Omicron subvariants were included in the study. Results Numerous studies have demonstrated that Omicron variant causes a restricted immune response after infection. Omicron infection boosts preexisting vaccine-induced immunity, but it may not be enough to establish widespread, cross-neutralizing humoral immunity in unvaccinated people. Conclusion Due to co-circulation and the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, findings highlight the importance of booster vaccinations for immune protection. More studies should focus on the efficacy of Omicron-induced immunity, its cross-protective properties against other variants, and development of a universal vaccine.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated healthcare workers in Marrakech (Morocco)
Authors: Ben Houmich Taoufik , Tali Abdelali , Debbagh Fayrouz , Lamrani Hanchi Asma , Soraa Nabila 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a considerable impact, causing millions of deaths worldwide, including many healthcare workers (HCWs). The pharmaceutical industry has been working diligently since the start of the pandemic to develop various vaccines to fight the spread of the virus and protect the population. Objective To study the seroprevalence of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated HCWs at the Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech and to determine the parameters that can influence immune response. Methods A cross-sectional study of 138 HCWs was performed between October and December 2021 by measuring IgG antibodies directed against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 using an Abbott Architect® SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay. Results The mean age was 31.42 years, the sex ratio was 2.94 women to each man, and the overall prevalence was 97%. We found 39.5% of the participants had experienced COVID-19 infections pre-vaccination, which decreased to 26.8% after vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titers were dependent on the type of vaccine: they were higher with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the number of doses ( p < .001), and post-vaccine COVID-19 form. The post-vaccine COVID-19 infection rates were lower with the Sinopharm vaccine. Conclusion Heterologous vaccination with non-mRNA and mRNA vaccines and the consideration of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection as a booster could help optimize vaccine results while reducing potential side effects.
The specialization of informal social control in a selective community: Fighting in the National Hockey League from 1947 to 2019
Authors: Sirianni Antonio D 
Published: October 2022

Decentralized sanctioning arises from a demand for governance that is not adequately provided by the state or another strong and centralized institution. While the dynamics of collective action and sanctioning have been well-examined theoretically, experimentally, and empirically, this work typically assumes community membership is a given. In selective or elite communities, pro-social behavior of one kind or another may be a prerequisite of community membership, which may create perverse incentives for the implementation of peer-sanctions. This article quantitatively examines this phenomenon in the case of professional ice hockey, a highly selective community where fist-fighting between players has long existed as a form of self-help for players to address rule infractions or violent play otherwise unaddressed by officials. An empirical examination of over 70 years of player statistics and play-by-play data from the National Hockey League shows not only the evolution of this system from one of peer-sanctioning to one of specialized-sanctioning, as might be predicted from experimental results showing the favorability and efficacy of more centralized punishment regimes, but also reveals how specialization has led to self-serving sanctions. Less-skilled players who are presumably hired to fight are disproportionately likely to participate in fights that appear to occur for non-retaliatory reasons, and more likely to fight one another in a bid to maintain their status and reputation as sanctioners, and consequently their membership in an elite community.
Effects of Community-Based Wraparound Services on Child and Caregiver Outcomes Following Child Protective Service Involvement
Authors: Connell Christian M. , Kim Hyun Woo , Shipe Stacey L. , Pittenger Samantha L. , Tebes Jacob Kraemer 
Published: October 2022

This study investigated whether statewide delivery of the wraparound service model (WSM) improved child and caregiver outcomes and reduced subsequent child protective service (CPS) contact among families referred to services following a CPS report. Caregivers ( n = 247) completed baseline and 6-month interviews to document self-reported engagement in WSM and non-WSM conditions and assess changes in outcomes. Kernel-weighted difference-in-difference (K-DID) models were used to assess program effects, based on reported condition. Child behavior outcomes improved among WSM-engaged families, but differences by condition were non-significant except for internalizing behaviors. Caregiver receipt of WSM was associated with greater retention of behavioral health services, but did not produce statistically significant improvements in their wellbeing. Households in the WSM condition were more likely to be reported to CPS at 6-month follow-up, but this difference was not significant at 12 months and differences in substantiation were not statistically significant. Supplemental analyses compared alternative means of contrasting group effects, highlighting some differences based on method. The WSM produced few significant differential improvements in child or caregiver outcomes and failed to prevent future CPS involvement. Inadequate program fidelity appeared to be a factor in implementation of the WSM, which may have hampered program effectiveness under real-world conditions.
Effects of Exercise Training on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hejazi Keyvan , Mohammad Rahimi Gholam Rasul , Rosenkranz Sara K. 
Published: October 2022

Background The interaction between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality stems from the progressive nature of inflammation underpinning both diseases. Exercise training is considered an effective treatment strategy for T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases. Objective The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in patients with T2DM. Data sources Electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to January 2022. We used random effects models to estimate weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Study selection Twenty-five RCTs were included ( N = 1257 participants; mean age = 52 years). Included studies had moderate to good overall methodological quality (TESTEX = 9 (range 7–13). Results Meta-analysis indicated that exercise training significantly increased adiponectin and decreased fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein ( ps ≤ 0.05). Subgroup analysis by type of training indicated that aerobic exercise had the most consistent beneficial effects as compared to other types of exercise training; however, there was high heterogeneity among studies. Conclusion Different types of exercise training increase adiponectin levels and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, as well as fasting insulin and insulin resistance markers in patients with T2DM. However, these effects were not beneficial for more commonly measured cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., lipid profiles). Additional relevant clinical trials are required to confirm these results. Trial registration This systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022307396).