bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How hybrid? Interethnic relationships within the self of Jewish Liberals in Tsarist Russia
Authors: Tsurumi Taro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEthnic/national hybridity can be defined as a combination of plural ethnic/national aspects within an individual's self. This article proposes five such types: fused, dissonant, alternating, contradictory and reciprocal. Among them, the least focused type—reciprocal—can be represented by Russian Jewish Liberals who were Russified but active in both Russian and Jewish milieus from the late 19th century until the early 1920s (after the Russian Revolution, exiled in Western Europe). In such people's selves, the Jewish and Russian aspects reinforced each other. They believed that Russia and Russians provided a stage on which Jews could fulfil their potential, such as economic roles as intermediaries, proliferators of Western knowledge and defenders of the legal order, any of which, in their view, Russia and Russians needed, and feel pride in their Jewishness. Thus, they tried to defend Russia in times of crisis. Comparison with other Russian Jewish trends such as Jews in the Mensheviks and Russian Zionism suggests that such Liberals would be an extreme case but that the Late Imperial Russian multiethnic/national milieu would have been likely to generate such a trend.
Introduction: Changes and Challenges in Expert Witnessing
Authors: Phillips James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis Introduction highlights the dynamic nature of expert witnessing by highlighting some of the major areas of change and challenge: Our understanding of the immigrant and the asylum seeker reflected in changing legal categorizations, changing conditions in sending and receiving countries, and the changing and expanding field of anthropology that provides new critiques, materials, and perspectives for anthropologists as expert witnesses. Expert witnessing is a challenging and rewarding area of application, which may also contribute to anthropological theory and influence the legal framework in which asylum claims are adjudicated.
State fiscal reserves: Supplementation and substitution over economic boom and bust years
Authors: Buerger Christian , Reitano Vincent , Sorrentino Ciana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the Great Recession and the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, practitioners and scholars alike looked to fiscal reserves as a means to overcome fiscal pressure on state budgets. This study builds on the literature exploring the association between budget stabilization funds and unassigned and unreserved balances (UUBs) during economic booms and busts and under different institutional settings. We find that BSFs supplement UUBs during economic booms and substitute for them during economic busts. Institutional rules strongly influence the relationship between both saving instruments.
Does Provider Bias Affect Choice of a Facility for Family Planning Services by Women in Urban Senegal?
Authors: Speizer Ilene S. , Guilkey David K. , Winston Jennifer , Calhoun Lisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFew studies to date have determined the effect of provider bias based on age, parity, and marital status on women's method and facility choice. Using data from women using modern methods in six cities of Senegal and a facility survey that included a facility audit and provider interviews, we undertake conditional logit analyses to determine whether women's choice of a family planning facility is associated with provider bias at the facility, controlling for other facility characteristics (e.g., size, sector, and number of methods available). We find that women bypass facilities where there is greater provider bias to attain their current family planning method. Women also bypass facilities of lower quality. This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of provider bias on women's contraceptive seeking behaviors and suggests the importance of training providers to reduce age and parity bias that affect access to a full range of methods and facilities for all women.
Best practices for measuring and reporting ground reaction forces in dogs
Authors: Conzemius Michael G. , Torres Bryan T. , Muir Peter , Evans Richard , Krotscheck Ursula , Budsberg Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKinetic gait analysis and ground reaction forces (GRFs) have been used in hundreds of scientific manuscripts. Specific methodology, interpretation of results, and translation to clinical veterinary medicine have been inconsistent. This impedes the advance of veterinary medicine and poses a risk to patients. The objective of this report was to address methodological variations and share our consensus on a recommended approach with viable alternatives to data collection methods, analysis, reporting, and interpretation for GRFs in the dog. Investigators with experience performing kinetic gait analysis reviewed the literature and discussed the topics that most influenced GRF data collection, reporting, and interpretation. Methodological variations were reported and a consensus from the group was devised. There are several reasonable alternatives to collect, report, and interpret GRFs in dogs appropriately. Attention to detail is required in several areas to collect and report them. This review and consensus report should assist future investigations and interpretations of studies, optimize comparison between publications, minimize use of animals, and limit the investment in cost and time.
Intraocular pressure and diurnal fluctuation of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a baseline report from the LiGHT China trial cohort
Authors: Yang Yangfan , Zhang Xinyi , Chen Zidong , Wei Yifan , Ye Qiaona , Fan Yanmei , Nathwani Neil , Gazzard Gus , Yu Minbin 
Published: January 2022

AimsTo report the baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) characteristics and its diurnal fluctuation in the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension China cohort.Methods622 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 149 ocular hypertension (OHT) patients were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2015 to 2019. Standardised ocular examinations were performed including IOP measurement using the Goldmann applanation tonometer. Daytime phasing IOP was recorded at 8:00, 10:00, 11:30, 14:30, 17:00 hour.ResultsThe mean baseline IOP was 20.2 mm Hg for POAG patients and 24.4 mm Hg for OHT. Multiple regression analysis revealed that thicker central corneal thickness (CCT) was correlated with higher IOP in both POAG and OHT. Male gender and younger age were correlated with higher IOP only for POAG. As for diurnal IOP fluctuation, mean IOP fluctuation was 3.4 mm Hg in POAG eyes and 4.4 mm Hg in OHT. The peak and trough IOP occurred at 8:00 and 14:30 hour in both POAG and OHT eyes.ConclusionsYounger age, male gender and thicker CCT are correlated to higher IOP in POAG patients while only thicker CCT is related to higher IOP in OHT patients. Peak IOP appears mostly at early morning or late afternoon and trough value occurs mostly at early afternoon.
Patterns, appropriateness and outcomes of peripherally inserted central catheter use in Brazil: a multicentre study of 12 725 catheters
Authors: Rejane Rabelo-Silva Eneida , Lourenço Solange Antonia , Maestri Rubia Natasha , Candido da Luz Claudia , Carlos Pupin Vanderlei , Bauer Cechinel Raquel , Bordini Ferro Eduarda , Aurélio Lumertz Saffi Marco , do Campo Silva Telma Christina , Martins de Andrade Larissa , Sales Gomes Larissa Fernanda , Alves da Gama Lorena , Marques de Araújo Mariana , Santo Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira do Espírit , López Pedraza Leticia , Hirakata Vânia Naomi , Santana Soares Vilma , Sousa Montenegro Widlani , Rocha Costa de Freitas Gustavo , Souza de Jesus Thaís , Chopra Vineet 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundLittle is known about peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) use, appropriateness and device outcomes in Brazil.MethodsWe conducted an observational, prospective, cohort study spanning 16 Brazilian hospitals from October 2018 to August 2020. Patients ≥18 years receiving a PICC were included. PICC placement variables were abstracted from medical records. PICC-related major (deep vein thrombosis (DVT), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter occlusion) and minor complications were collected. Appropriateness was evaluated using the Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters (MAGIC). Devices were considered inappropriate if they were in place for <5 days, were multi-lumen, and/or were placed in patients with a creatinine >2.0 mg/dL. PICCs considered appropriate met none of these criteria. Mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusting for patient-level and hospital-level characteristics assessed the association between appropriateness and major complications.ResultsData from 12 725 PICCs were included. Mean patient age was 66.4±19 years and 51.0% were female. The most common indications for PICCs were intravenous antibiotics (81.1%) and difficult access (62.7%). Most PICCs (72.2%) were placed under ultrasound guidance. The prevalence of complications was low: CLABSI (0.9%); catheter-related DVT (1.0%) and reversible occlusion (2.5%). Of the 12 725 devices included, a total of 7935 (62.3%) PICCs were inappropriate according to MAGIC. With respect to individual metrics for appropriateness, 17.0% were placed for <5 days, 60.8% were multi-lumen and 11.3% were in patients with creatinine >2.0 mg/dL. After adjusting for patient and hospital-level characteristics, multi-lumen PICCs considered inappropriate were associated with greater odds of major complications (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.02).ConclusionsUse of PICCs in Brazilian hospitals appears to be safe and comparable with North America. However, opportunities to improve appropriateness remain. Future studies examining barriers and facilitators to improving device use in Brazil would be welcomed.
Changes in T-cell subsets and clonal repertoire during chemoimmunotherapy with pembrolizumab and paclitaxel or capecitabine for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Chun Brie , Pucilowska Joanna , Chang ShuChing , Kim Isaac , Nikitin Benjamin , Koguchi Yoshinobu , Redmond William L , Bernard Brady , Rajamanickam Venkatesh , Polaske Nathan , Fields Paul A , Conrad Valerie , Schmidt Mark , Urba Walter J , Conlin Alison K , McArthur Heather L , Page David B 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChemoimmunotherapy is a standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), however, the impacts of different chemotherapies on T-cell populations, which could correlate with clinical activity, are not known. Quantifying T-cell populations with flow cytometry and T-cell receptor (TCR) immunosequencing may improve our understanding of how chemoimmunotherapy affects T-cell subsets, and to what extent clonal shifts occur during treatment. TCR immunosequencing of intratumoral T cells may facilitate the identification and monitoring of putatively tumor-reactive T-cell clones within the blood.MethodsBlood and tumor biopsies were collected from patients with metastatic TNBC enrolled in a phase Ib clinical trial of first or second-line pembrolizumab with paclitaxel or capecitabine. Using identical biospecimen processing protocols, blood samples from a cohort of patients treated for early-stage breast cancer were obtained for comparison. Treatment-related immunological changes in peripheral blood and intratumoral T cells were characterized using flow cytometry and TCR immunosequencing. Clonal proliferation rates of T cells were compared based on intratumoral enrichment.ResultsWhen combined with pembrolizumab, paclitaxel and capecitabine resulted in similar time-dependent lymphodepletions across measured peripheral T-cell subsets. Their effects were more modest than that observed following curative-intent dose-dense anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (ddAC) (average fold-change in CD3+cells, capecitabine: −0.42, paclitaxel: −0.56, ddAC: −1.21). No differences in T-cell clonality or richness were observed following capecitabine or paclitaxel-based treatments. Regression modeling identified differences in the emergence of novel T-cell clones that were not detected at baseline (odds compared with ddAC, capecitabine: 0.292, paclitaxel: 0.652). Pembrolizumab with paclitaxel or capecitabine expanded T-cell clones within tumors; however, these clones did not always expand within the blood. Proliferation rates within the blood were similar between clones that were enriched and those that were not enriched within tumors.ConclusionChemoimmunotherapy for metastatic TNBC with pembrolizumab and capecitabine or paclitaxel resulted in similar peripheral T-cell subset lymphodepletion without altering T-cell clonal diversity. Regression modeling methods are applicable in immune monitoring studies, such as this to identify the odds of novel T-cell clones emerging during treatment, and proliferation rates of tumor-enriched T-cell clones.
Stroke imaging prior to thrombectomy in the late window: results from a pooled multicentre analysis
Authors: Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Thornton John , Casetta Ilaria , Goyal Mayank , Nannoni Stefania , Herlihy Darragh , Fainardi Enrico , Power Sarah , Saia Valentina , Hegarty Aidan , Pracucci Giovanni , Demchuk Andrew , Mangiafico Salvatore , Boyle Karl , Michel Patrik , Bala Fouzi , Gill Rubina , Kuczynski Andrea , Ademola Ayolla , Hill Michael D , Toni Danilo , Murphy Sean , Kim Beom Joon , Menon Bijoy K 
Published: January 2022

Background and purposeCollateral assessment using CT angiography is a promising modality for selecting patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the late window (6–24 hours). The outcome of these patients compared with those selected using perfusion imaging is not clear.MethodsWe pooled data from seven trials and registries of EVT-treated patients in the late-time window. Patients were classified according to the baseline imaging into collateral imaging alone (collateral cohort) and perfusion plus collateral imaging (perfusion cohort). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving independent 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ‘mRS’ 0–2). We used the propensity score–weighting method to balance important predictors between the cohorts.ResultsIn 608 patients, the median onset/last-known-well to emergency arrival time was 8.8 hours and 53.2% had wake-up strokes. Both cohorts had collateral imaging and 379 (62.3%) had perfusion imaging. Independent functional outcome was achieved in 43.1% overall: 168/379 patients (45.5%) in the perfusion cohort versus 94/214 (43.9%) in the collateral cohort (p=0.71). A logistic regression model adjusting for inverse-probability-weighting showed no difference in 90-day mRS score of 0–2 among the perfusion versus collateral cohorts (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.59, p=0.83) or in a favourable shift in 90-day mRS (common adjusted OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.47, p=0.97).ConclusionThis pooled analysis of late window EVT showed comparable functional outcomes in patients selected for EVT using collateral imaging alone compared with patients selected using perfusion and collateral imaging.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020222003.
AI software detection of large vessel occlusion stroke on CT angiography: a real-world prospective diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Matsoukas Stavros , Morey Jacob , Lock Gregory , Chada Deeksha , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Marayati Naoum Fares , Delman Bradley N , Doshi Amish , Majidi Shahram , De Leacy Reade , Kellner Christopher Paul , Fifi Johanna T 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) software is increasingly applied in stroke diagnostics. However, the actual performance of AI tools for identifying large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke in real time in a real-world setting has not been fully studied.ObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of AI software in a real-world, three-tiered multihospital stroke network.MethodsAll consecutive head and neck CT angiography (CTA) scans performed during stroke codes and run through an AI software engine (Viz LVO) between May 2019 and October 2020 were prospectively collected. CTA readings by radiologists served as the clinical reference standard test and Viz LVO output served as the index test. Accuracy metrics were calculated.ResultsOf a total of 1822 CTAs performed, 190 occlusions were identified; 142 of which were internal carotid artery terminus (ICA-T), middle cerebral artery M1, or M2 locations. Accuracy metrics were analyzed for two different groups: ICA-T and M1 ±M2. For the ICA-T/M1 versus the ICA-T/M1/M2 group, sensitivity was 93.8% vs 74.6%, specificity was 91.1% vs 91.1%, negative predictive value was 99.7% vs 97.6%, accuracy was 91.2% vs 89.8%, and area under the curve was 0.95 vs 0.86, respectively. Detection rates for ICA-T, M1, and M2 occlusions were 100%, 93%, and 49%, respectively. As expected, the algorithm offered better detection rates for proximal occlusions than for mid/distal M2 occlusions (58% vs 28%, p=0.03).ConclusionsThese accuracy metrics support Viz LVO as a useful adjunct tool in stroke diagnostics. Fast and accurate diagnosis with high negative predictive value mitigates missing potentially salvageable patients.
Vaginal microbiota in ethnically diverse young women who did or did not develop pelvic inflammatory disease: community-based prospective study
Authors: Kerry-Barnard Sarah , Zhou Liqing , Phillips Laura , Furegato Martina , Witney Adam A , Sadiq S Tariq , Oakeshott Pippa 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesA lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiome may protect against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), but one dominated byGardnerellaspecies might increase susceptibility. Not all lactobacilli are equally protective. Recent research suggests that D(−) isomer lactic acid producing lactobacilli (Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jenseniiandLactobacillus gasseri) may protect against infection withChlamydia trachomatis, an important cause of PID.Lactobacillus iners,which produces L(+) isomer lactic acid, may be less protective. We investigated the microbiome in stored vaginal samples from participants who did or did not develop PID during the prevention of pelvic infection (POPI) chlamydia screening trial.MethodsLong-read 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing was used on baseline vaginal samples (one per participant) from all 37 women who subsequently developed clinically diagnosed PID during 12-month follow-up, and 111 frequency matched controls who did not, matched on four possible risk factors for PID: age <20 versus ≥20, black ethnicity versus other ethnicity, chlamydia positive versus negative at baseline and ≥2 sexual partners in the previous year versus 0–1 partners.ResultsSamples from 106 women (median age 19 years, 40% black ethnicity, 22% chlamydia positive, 54% reporting multiple partners) were suitable for analysis. Three main taxonomic clusters were identified dominated byL. iners, L. crispatusandGardnerella vaginalis. There was no association between a more diverse,G. vaginalisdominated microbiome and subsequent PID, although increased Shannon diversity was associated with black ethnicity (p=0.002) and bacterial vaginosis (diagnosed by Gram stain p<0.0001). Women who developed PID had similar relative abundance of protective D(−) isomer lactic acid producing lactobacilli to women without PID, but numbers of PID cases were small.ConclusionsIn the first-ever community-based prospective study of PID, there was no clear association between the vaginal microbiome and subsequent development of PID. Future studies using serial samples may identify vaginal microbial communities that may predispose to PID.
Calorimetric Measurement of Multi-TeV Muons via Deep Regression
Authors: Kieseler Jan , Strong Giles C. , Chiandotto Filippo , Dorigo Tommaso , Layer Lukas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe performance demands of future particle-physics experiments investigating the high-energy frontier pose a number of new challenges, forcing us to find improved solutions for the detection, identification, and measurement of final-state particles in subnuclear collisions. One such challenge is the precise measurement of muon momentum at very high energy, where an estimate of the curvature provided by conceivable magnetic fields in realistic detectors proves insufficient for achieving good momentum resolution when detecting, e.g., a narrow, high mass resonance decaying to a muon pair. In this work we study the feasibility of an entirely new avenue for the measurement of the energy of muons based on their radiative losses in a dense, finely segmented calorimeter. This is made possible by exploiting spatial information of the clusters of energy from radiated photons in a regression task. The use of a task-specific deep learning architecture based on convolutional layers allows us to treat the problem as one akin to image reconstruction, where images are constituted by the pattern of energy released in successive layers of the calorimeter. A measurement of muon energy with better than 20% relative resolution is shown to be achievable for ultra-TeV muons.
Confined Klein–Gordon oscillator from a (2+1)-dimensional Gürses to a Gürses or a pseudo-Gürses space-time backgrounds: Invariance and isospectrality
Authors: Mustafa Omar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the Klein–Gordon (KG) oscillator with a Cornell-type scalar confinement in (2+1)-dimensional Gürses space-time backgrounds and report their exact solutions. The effect of the vorticity parameter$$\Omega $$Ωon the energy levels is found to yield some interesting features like; energy levels-crossings, partial clustering of positive and negative energy levels, and shifting the energy gap upwards or downwards. Such confined KG-oscillators are also studied in a general deformed Gürses space-time background. Moreover, we consider the confined-deformed KG-oscillator from a (2+1)-dimensional Gürses to Gürses and pseudo-Gürses space-time backgrounds. The resulting confined-deformed KG-oscillators are found to admit invariance and isospectrality with each other.
JamVis: exploration and visualization of traffic jams
Authors: Rodriguez Elio , Ferreira Nivan , Poco Jorge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraffic jams are a significant problem in urban cities that cause pollution and waste fuel, money, and time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build tools that enable authorities to monitor and understand traffic dynamics and their causes. However, exploring these large complex data presents a challenge to domain experts. This paper proposes JamVis, a web-based visual analytics framework that leverages Waze’s multi-modal spatio-temporal data to this end. JamVis comprises two main components designed based on requirements elicited from domain experts. The first one supports the exploration of Waze’s traffic jam information through multiple linked views. The second component allows identifying events through alerts reported by Waze users about different problems (e.g., potholes, floods, or heavy traffic). A new algorithm called TST-clustering is introduced to perform event detection, which is an adaptation of the DB-Scan algorithm that allows clustering alerts by space, time, and type. Furthermore, to provide an overview of this algorithm’s spatio-temporal results, we introduce a novel visualization called ST-Heatmap. JamVis is validated through three usage scenarios analyzing different events in Rio de Janeiro.