bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetar Bursts Due to Alfvén Wave Nonlinear Breakout
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Chen Alexander Y. , Levin Yuri , Most Elias R. , Philippov Alexander A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The most common form of magnetar activity is short X-ray bursts, with durations from milliseconds to seconds, and luminosities ranging from 1036–1043 erg s−1. Recently, an X-ray burst from the galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 was detected to be coincident with two fast radio burst (FRB) like events from the same source, providing evidence that FRBs may be linked to magnetar bursts. Using fully 3D force-free electrodynamics simulations, we show that such magnetar bursts may be produced by Alfvén waves launched from localized magnetar quakes: a wave packet propagates to the outer magnetosphere, becomes nonlinear, and escapes the magnetosphere, forming an ultra-relativistic ejecta. The ejecta pushes open the magnetospheric field lines, creating current sheets behind it. Magnetic reconnection can happen at these current sheets, leading to plasma energization and X-ray emission. The angular size of the ejecta can be compact, ≲1 sr if the quake launching region is small, ≲0.01 sr at the stellar surface. We discuss implications for the FRBs and the coincident X-ray burst from SGR 1935+2154.
Cosmological Results from the RAISIN Survey: Using Type Ia Supernovae in the Near Infrared as a Novel Path to Measure the Dark Energy Equation of State
Authors: Jones D. O. , Mandel K. S. , Kirshner R. P. , Thorp S. , Challis P. M. , Avelino A. , Brout D. , Burns C. , Foley R. J. , Pan Y.-C. , Scolnic D. M. , Siebert M. R. , Chornock R. , Freedman W. L. , Friedman A. , Frieman J. , Galbany L. , Hsiao E. , Kelsey L. , Marion G. H. , Nichol R. C. , Nugent P. E. , Phillips M. M. , Rest A. , Riess A. G. , Sako M. , Smith M. , Wiseman P. , Wood-Vasey W. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are more precise standardizable candles when measured in the near-infrared (NIR) than in the optical. With this motivation, from 2012 to 2017 we embarked on the RAISIN program with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain rest-frame NIR light curves for a cosmologically distant sample of 37 SNe Ia (0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.6) discovered by Pan-STARRS and the Dark Energy Survey. By comparing higher-z HST data with 42 SNe Ia at z < 0.1 observed in the NIR by the Carnegie Supernova Project, we construct a Hubble diagram from NIR observations (with only time of maximum light and some selection cuts from optical photometry) to pursue a unique avenue to constrain the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w. We analyze the dependence of the full set of Hubble residuals on the SN Ia host galaxy mass and find Hubble residual steps of size ∼0.06-0.1 mag with 1.5σ−2.5σ significance depending on the method and step location used. Combining our NIR sample with cosmic microwave background constraints, we find 1 + w = −0.17 ± 0.12 (statistical + systematic errors). The largest systematic errors are the redshift-dependent SN selection biases and the properties of the NIR mass step. We also use these data to measure H
0 = 75.9 ± 2.2 km s−1 Mpc−1 from stars with geometric distance calibration in the hosts of eight SNe Ia observed in the NIR versus H
0 = 71.2 ± 3.8 km s−1 Mpc−1 using an inverse distance ladder approach tied to Planck. Using optical data, we find 1 + w = −0.10 ± 0.09, and with optical and NIR data combined, we find 1 + w = −0.06 ± 0.07; these shifts of up to ∼0.11 in w could point to inconsistency in the optical versus NIR SN models. There will be many opportunities to improve this NIR measurement and better understand systematic uncertainties through larger low-z samples, new light-curve models, calibration improvements, and eventually by building high-z samples from the Roman Space Telescope.
First Measurements of Jovian Electrons by Parker Solar Probe/IS⊙IS within 0.5 au of the Sun
Authors: Mitchell J. G. , Leske R. A. , Nolfo G. A. DE , Christian E. R. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , McComas D. J. , Cohen C. M. S. , Cummings A. C. , Hill M. E. , Labrador A. W. , Mays M. L. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Odstrcil D. , Schwadron N. A. , Stone E. C. , Szalay J. R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Energetic electrons of Jovian origin have been observed for decades throughout the heliosphere, as far as 11 au, and as close as 0.5 au, from the Sun. The treatment of Jupiter as a continuously emitting point source of energetic electrons has made Jovian electrons a valuable tool in the study of energetic electron transport within the heliosphere. We present observations of Jovian electrons measured by the EPI-Hi instrument in the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun instrument suite on Parker Solar Probe at distances within 0.5 au of the Sun. These are the closest measurements of Jovian electrons to the Sun, providing a new opportunity to study the propagation and transport of energetic electrons to the inner heliosphere. We also find periods of nominal connection between the spacecraft and Jupiter in which expected Jovian electron enhancements are absent. Several explanations for these absent events are explored, including stream interaction regions between Jupiter and Parker Solar Probe and the spacecraft lying on the opposite side of the heliospheric current sheet from Jupiter, both of which could impede the flow of the electrons. These observations provide an opportunity to gain a greater insight into electron transport through a previously unexplored region of the inner heliosphere.
Nodal solutions for the Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson system in $ \mathbb{R}^3 $
Authors: Cheng Kun , Wang Li 
Published: July 2022

<abstract><p>This paper is dedicated to studying the following Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson system:</p>

<p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll}	- \left(a+b \int_{ \mathbb{R}^3} |\nabla u|^2 dx	\right) \Delta u+V(|x|) u+\lambda\phi u = K(|x|)f(u), &amp; x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \\	-\Delta \phi = u^2, &amp; x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p>

<p>where $ V, K $ are radial and bounded away from below by positive numbers. Under some weaker assumptions on the nonlinearity $ f $, we develop a direct approach to establish the existence of infinitely many nodal solutions $ \{u_k^{b, \lambda}\} $ with a prescribed number of nodes $ k $, by using the Gersgorin disc's theorem, Miranda theorem and Brouwer degree theory. Moreover, we prove that the energy of $ \{u_k^{b, \lambda}\} $ is strictly increasing in $ k $, and give a convergence property of $ \{u_k^{b, \lambda}\} $ as $ b\rightarrow 0 $ and $ \lambda \rightarrow 0 $.</p></abstract>
República y revolución: la crítica de Schlegel a Kant
Authors: Tomassini Fiorella 
Published: July 2022

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la crítica de Schlegel a la filosofía política de Kant respecto de dos temas: el ideal republicano y la justificación de la revolución. En el Versuch, Schlegel vincula república y democracia y se opone a la tesis de Kant, según la cual la revolución no es moralmente permisible. La insurrección del pueblo es reivindicada como una forma de acción política autorizada por la voluntad general, con el fin de acelerar la institución de un régimen republicano. Mi argumento es que la postura de Schlegel respecto de la justificación de la revolución se apoya en dos pilares: primero, en una concepción rousseauniana del pueblo como poder constituyente y, segundo, en el rechazo de la doctrina kantiana acerca de la absoluta necesidad racional del Estado.
Pharmacologically Inferred Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis Requirement of B Cells in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Choi Seung-Chul , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaojuan , Kanda Nathalie , Zeumer-Spataro Leilani , Teng Xiangyu , Morel Laurence 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Several studies have shown an enhanced metabolism in the CD4+ T cells of lupus patients and lupus-prone mice. Little is known about the metabolism of B cells in lupus. In this study, we compared the metabolism of B cells between lupus-prone B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple-congenic mice and C57BL/6 controls at steady state relative to autoantibody production, as well as during T cell–dependent (TD) and T cell–independent (TI) immunizations. Starting before the onset of autoimmunity, B cells from triple-congenic mice showed an elevated glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, which were normalized in vivo by inhibiting glycolysis with a 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) treatment. 2DG greatly reduced the production of TI-Ag–specific Abs, but showed minimal effect with TD-Ags. In contrast, the inhibition of glutaminolysis with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine had a greater effect on TD than TI-Ag–specific Abs in both strains. Analysis of the TI and TD responses in purified B cells in vitro suggests, however, that the glutaminolysis requirement is not B cell-intrinsic. Thus, B cells have a greater requirement for glycolysis in TI than TD responses, as inferred from pharmacological interventions. B cells from lupus-prone and control mice have different intrinsic metabolic requirements or different responses toward 2DG and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, which mirrors our previous results obtained with follicular Th cells. Overall, these results predict that targeting glucose metabolism may provide an effective therapeutic approach for systemic autoimmunity by eliminating both autoreactive follicular Th and B cells, although it may also impair TI responses.
Realization of the T Lineage Program Involves GATA-3 Induction of Bcl11b and Repression of Cdkn2b Expression
Authors: Thompson Patrycja K , Chen Edward L Y , de Pooter Renée F , Frelin Catherine , Vogel Walter K , Lee Christina R , Venables Thomas , Shah Divya K , Iscove Norman N , Leid Mark , Anderson Michele K , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factor GATA-3 plays a crucial role during early T cell development and also dictates later T cell differentiation outcomes. However, its role and collaboration with the Notch signaling pathway in the induction of T lineage specification and commitment have not been fully elucidated. We show that GATA-3 deficiency in mouse hematopoietic progenitors results in an early block in T cell development despite the presence of Notch signals, with a failure to upregulate Bcl11b expression, leading to a diversion along a myeloid, but not a B cell, lineage fate. GATA-3 deficiency in the presence of Notch signaling results in the apoptosis of early T lineage cells, as seen with inhibition of CDK4/6 (cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6) function, and dysregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2b (Cdkn2b) expression. We also show that GATA-3 induces Bcl11b, and together with Bcl11b represses Cdkn2b expression; however, loss of Cdkn2b failed to rescue the developmental block of GATA-3–deficient T cell progenitor. Our findings provide a signaling and transcriptional network by which the T lineage program in response to Notch signals is realized.
Efficient Identification of Tembusu Virus CTL Epitopes in Inbred HBW/B4 Ducks Using a Novel MHC Class I–Restricted Epitope Screening Scheme
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Zhuolin , Tang Ziche , Han Lingxia , Wei Xiaohui , Xie Xiaoli , Ren Shuaimeng , Meng Kai , Liu Yueyue , Xu Minli , Qi Lihong , Chen Hongyan , Wu Jiaqiang , Zhang Nianzhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The identification of MHC class I–restricted CTL epitopes in certain species, particularly nonmammals, remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a four-step identification scheme and confirmed its efficiency by identifying the Anpl-UAA*76–restricted CTL epitopes of Tembusu virus (TMUV) in inbred haplotype ducks HBW/B4. First, the peptide binding motif of Anpl-UAA*76 was determined by random peptide library in de novo liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, a novel nonbiased, data-independent acquisition method that we previously established. Second, a total of 38 TMUV peptides matching the motif were screened from the viral proteome, among which 11 peptides were conserved across the different TMUV strains. Third, the conserved TMUV peptides were refolded in vitro with Anpl-UAA*76 and Anpl–β2-microglobulin to verify the results from the previous two steps. To clarify the structural basis of the obtained motif, we resolved the crystal structure of Anpl-UAA*76 with the TMUV NS3 peptide LRKRQLTVL and found that Asp34 is critical for the preferential binding of the B pocket to bind the second residue to arginine as an anchor residue. Fourth, the immunogenicity of the conserved TMUV peptides was tested in vivo using specific pathogen-free HBW/B4 ducks immunized with the attenuated TMUV vaccine. All 11 conserved TMUV epitopes could bind stably to Anpl-UAA*76 in vitro and stimulate the secretion of IFN-γ and lymphocyte proliferation, and three conserved and one nonconserved peptides were selected to evaluate the CTL responses in vivo by flow cytometry and their tetramers. We believe that this new scheme could improve the identification of MHC class I–restricted CTL epitopes, and our data provide a foundation for further study on duck anti-TMUV CTL immunity.
Profibrotic Role of Inducible Heat Shock Protein 90α Isoform in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: RuizdelRio Jorge , Muñoz Pedro , Carreira Patricia , Maestro David , Pablos Jose L , Palanca Ana , Merino Jesus , Serrano-Mollar Anna , Merino Ramon , Tamayo Esther , Lopez-Hoyos Marcos , Diaz-Gonzalez Federico , Martinez-Taboada Victor , Villar Ana V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that affects skin and multiple internal organs. TGF-β, a central trigger of cutaneous fibrosis, activates fibroblasts with the involvement of the stress-inducible chaperone heat shock protein 90 isoform α (Hsp90α). Available evidence supports overexpression and secretion of Hsp90α as a feature in profibrotic pathological conditions. The aim of this work is to investigate the expression and function of Hsp90α in experimental models of skin fibrosis such as human fibroblasts, C57BL/6 mice, and in human SSc. For this purpose, we generated a new experimental model based on doxorubicin administration with improved characteristics with respect to the bleomycin model. We visualized disease progression in vivo by fluorescence imaging. In this work, we obtained Hsp90α mRNA overexpression in human skin fibroblasts, in bleomycin- and doxorubicin-induced mouse fibrotic skin, and in lungs of bleomycin- and doxorubicin-treated mice. Hsp90α-deficient mice showed significantly decreased skin thickness compared with wild-type mice in both animal models. In SSc patients, serum Hsp90α levels were increased in patients with lung involvement and in patients with the diffuse form of SSc (dSSc) compared with patients with the limited form of SSc. The serum Hsp90α levels of patients dSSc were correlated with the Rodnan score and the forced vital capacity variable. These results provide new supportive evidence of the contribution of the Hsp90α isoform in the development of skin fibrosis. In SSc, these results indicated that higher serum levels were associated with dSSc and lung fibrosis.
A Dual Role for Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Corneal Infection
Authors: Carion Thomas W , Wang Yuxin , Stambersky Ashten , Ebrahim Abdul Shukkur , Berger Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have been defined as central mediators of inflammation. Despite our extensive understanding of these bioactive lipid mediators in the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and even neurological disorders, information regarding the eye is markedly lacking. As a result, this study examined the expression profiles of two major CysLT receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2, in the cornea using experimental mouse models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced keratitis with contrasting outcomes: susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) and resistant BALB/c. Postinfection, disparate levels of CysLT receptors were accompanied by distinct expression profiles for select proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cell surface markers detected on macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils between the two strains. Further, inhibition of either CysLT receptor converted the disease response of both strains, where corneal perforation was prevented in B6 mice, and BALB/c mice fared significantly worse. In addition, receptor antagonist studies revealed changes in inflammatory cell infiltrate phenotypes and an influence on downstream CysLT receptor signaling pathways. Although the B6 mouse model highlights the established proinflammatory activities related to CysLT receptor activation, results generated from BALB/c mice indicate a protective mechanism that may be essential to disease resolution. Further, basal expression levels of CysLT1 and CysLT2 were significantly higher in uninfected corneas of both mouse strains as opposed to during infection, suggestive of a novel role in homeostatic maintenance within the eye. In light of these findings, therapeutic targeting of CysLT receptors extends beyond inhibition of proinflammatory activities and may impact inflammation resolution, as well as corneal surface homeostasis.
Extracellular pH Controls Chemotaxis of Neutrophil Granulocytes by Regulating Leukotriene B4 Production and Cdc42 Signaling
Authors: Oster Leonie , Schröder Julia , Rugi Micol , Schimmelpfennig Sandra , Sargin Sarah , Schwab Albrecht , Najder Karolina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are the first and robust responders to the chemotactic molecules released from an inflamed acidic tissue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of microenvironmental pH in neutrophil chemotaxis. To this end, we used neutrophils from male C57BL/6J mice and combined live cell imaging chemotaxis assays with measurements of the intracellular pH (pHi) in varied extracellular pH (pHe). Observational studies were complemented by biochemical analyses of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production and activation of the Cdc42 Rho GTPase. Our data show that pHi of neutrophils dose-dependently adapts to a given pH of the extracellular milieu. Neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a has an optimum at pHi ∼7.1, and its pHi dependency is almost parallel to that of LTB4 production. Consequently, a shallow pHe gradient, resembling that encountered by neutrophils during extravasation from a blood vessel (pH ∼7.4) into the interstitium (pH ∼7.2), favors chemotaxis of stimulated neutrophils. Lowering pHe below pH 6.8, predominantly affects neutrophil chemotaxis, although the velocity is largely maintained. Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) with cariporide drastically attenuates neutrophil chemotaxis at the optimal pHi irrespective of the high LTB4 production. Neutrophil migration and chemotaxis are almost completely abrogated by inhibiting LTB4 production or blocking its receptor (BLT1). The abundance of the active GTP-bound form of Cdc42 is strongly reduced by NHE1 inhibition or pHe 6.5. In conclusion, we propose that the pH dependence of neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a is caused by a pHi-dependent production of LTB4 and activation of Cdc42. Moreover, it requires the activity of NHE1.
Poor-Quality Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences and the DNA Damage Response ATM Kinase Collaborate to Establish TCRβ Gene Repertoire and Allelic Exclusion
Authors: Wu Glendon S , Culberson Erica J , Allyn Brittney M , Bassing Craig H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The monoallelic expression (allelic exclusion) of diverse lymphocyte Ag receptor genes enables specific immune responses. Allelic exclusion is achieved by asynchronous initiation of V(D)J recombination between alleles and protein encoded by successful rearrangement on the first allele signaling permanent inhibition of V rearrangement on the other allele. The ATM kinase that guides DNA repair and transiently suppresses V(D)J recombination also helps impose allelic exclusion through undetermined mechanisms. At the TCRβ locus, one Vβ gene segment (V31) rearranges only by inversion, whereas all other Vβ segments rearrange by deletion except for rare cases in which they rearrange through inversion following V31 rearrangement. The poor-quality recombination signal sequences (RSSs) of V31 and V2 help establish TCRβ gene repertoire and allelic exclusion by stochastically limiting initiation of Vβ rearrangements before TCRβ protein-signaled permanent silencing of Vβ recombination. We show in this study in mice that ATM functions with these RSSs and the weak V1 RSS to shape TCRβ gene repertoire by restricting their Vβ segments from initiating recombination and hindering aberrant nonfunctional Vβ recombination products, especially during inversional V31 rearrangements. We find that ATM collaborates with the V1 and V2 RSSs to help enforce allelic exclusion by facilitating competition between alleles for initiation and functional completion of rearrangements of these Vβ segments. Our data demonstrate that the fundamental genetic DNA elements that underlie inefficient Vβ recombination cooperate with ATM-mediated rapid DNA damage responses to help establish diversity and allelic exclusion of TCRβ genes.
Mouse Liver B Cells Phagocytose Streptococcus pneumoniae and Initiate Immune Responses against Their Antigens
Authors: Nakashima Masahiro , Kinoshita Manabu , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Kato Azusa , Mori Kazuma , Koiwai Kazuki , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Seki Shuhji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that mammalian B cells ingest particulate Ags, such as bacteria, although little is known about the effect of this function on acquired immunity. We investigated the role of bacterium-phagocytosing B cells in acquired host immune responses. Cultured mouse liver B cells substantially phagocytosed serum-opsonized Streptococcus pneumoniae and produced IgM. On adoptive transfer of liver B cells that phagocytose S. pneumoniae labeled with pHrodo Red succinimidyl ester, recipient mice showed elevated plasma levels of IgG specific for bacterial Ags. In particular, the levels of IgG2a and IgG2b specific for pneumococcal surface protein A, as well as IgG3 for pneumococcal polysaccharide, were markedly increased compared with total IgG specific for each Ag. When phagocytic liver B cells were cultured with spleen CD4+ T cells obtained from mice primed with heat-killed S. pneumoniae 7 d before, they induced IL-2 production and proliferation of the CD4+ T cells, along with Th1 cytokine production. However, they induced neither the CD4+ T cell production of IL-21, a suggested marker promoting B cell proliferation and differentiation, nor the expression of genes important for somatic hypermutation or isotype switching; such responses were particularly evident when splenic B cells merely capturing S. pneumoniae without processing them were cultured with spleen CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that phagocytic liver B cells may be involved in acquired immune responses by presenting derivative peptides to CD4+ T cells without their own somatic hypermutation or isotype switching.