bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triazine/thiophene‐based microporous organic polymer for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yau Arma Musa , Khaligh Aisan , Tuncel Dönüs 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, sulfur‐enriched microporous organic polymer (MOP) was prepared using one‐pot Shiff‐base type polycondensation reaction of thiophendicarboxaldehyde with melamine. With 195.731 m2 g−1 surface area and 0.047 cm3 g−1 pore volume, the as‐synthesized MOP has a cotton‐like morphology and a micropore‐dominated pore size distribution. After loading MOP with nickel as a co‐catalyst, we demonstrated that the obtained framework could be used as an efficient and robust electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium with the optimum composite (Ni2@MOP) exhibiting a low onset potential of −66 mV. Furthermore, the optimum electrocatalyst showed good stability, delivering 91% faradaic efficiency (FE) after a 3.5 h chronoamperometry experiment.
Dielectric and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of nano‐silicon carbide/montmorillonite and graphene nanoplatelets filled polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) blend nanocomposites
Authors: Thanasekaran Gayathri , Ahamed M. Basheer , Deshmukh Kalim , Kadlec Jaroslav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, hybrid polymer nanocomposite films comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEDOT‐block‐PEG) as matrices and silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC NPs), montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as nanofillers were fabricated by solution casting. The structural, morphological, and thermal characteristics of the nanocomposite films were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The SEM results show the homogeneous distribution of nanofillers within the polymer matrix. The dielectric behavior and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of the nanocomposites were also analyzed. The maximum dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) obtained are 47.77 and 12.08, respectively, at lower frequency (50 Hz, 150°C). The maximum EMI SE was observed to be 16.8 dB in the Ku‐band region (12–18 GHz) for the nanocomposites with 20 wt% SiC, 8 wt% MMT, and 2 wt% GNPs loading. The EMI shielding was found to be absorption dominant and originated from the formation of a conductive network between hybrid nanofillers within the PVDF/PEDOT‐block‐PEG blend thereby improving the EMI SE values. These results suggest that PVDF/PEDOT‐block‐PEG/SiC/MMT/GNPs nanocomposites can be used as an efficient EMI shielding material.
Gender, entrepreneurship, and coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic: The case of GoFood merchants in Indonesia
Authors: Elhan‐Kayalar Yesim , Sawada Yasuyuki , van der Meulen Rodgers Yana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines business performance and crisis‐mitigation strategies among micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We utilise a new primary dataset based on administrative records, survey data, and follow‐up interviews with merchants using the digital application GoFood, an on‐demand cooked food delivery service. Three empirical findings emerge: first, the overall employment size of women‐owned businesses shrank more than men‐owned businesses after the onset of the pandemic; second, women were more likely than men to cut personal expenditures and use government assistance as crisis‐mitigation strategies; and third, competition increased sharply as new merchants entered the platform, with the service areas of both incumbents and entrants shrinking over time. These results have implications for policies on womenʼs entrepreneurship, the uptake of business development services, and financing programs for MSMEs.
Does intra‐country poverty convergence depend on spatial spillovers and the type of poverty measure? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Najam Zaira , Gibson John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnowing whether poverty rates converge within a country matters for regional development policy and for understanding growth processes. In this paper, we use five poverty measures, calculated biennially from 2004 to 2014 for 100 districts in Pakistan, to test for poverty convergence. Spatial autoregressive models are used to capture spatial spillovers. Conventional money‐metric poverty measures, such as the headcount index and poverty gap index, show unconditional convergence, and the convergence is more apparent if indirect impacts from spillovers are accounted for. In contrast, two multidimensional poverty indices show no convergence and no indirect impacts from spatial spillovers. Catch‐up growth in initially poorer areas is apparent with the money‐metric poverty measures traditionally used in Pakistan but not with the types of multidimensional poverty measures used officially since 2015. This difference in apparent poverty convergence could affect regional development policy choices.
Reconsidering prosocial behavior as intersocial: A literature review and a new perspective
Authors: Labroo Aparna A. , Khan Uzma , Su Sarena J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch questions in the prosocial behavior literature focus on the pro aspect of prosocial behavior—that is, how to motivate actions that benefit others. These questions typically employ simplified decision contexts that neglect the intersocial aspect of prosocial behavior—that is, people are embedded in social networks and impacted by interactivity among two or more persons, entities, or societies. These intersocial influences have increased with technology access. Consumers now face richer choice tradeoffs, can access more information on causes, observe others' actions, and choose to make their own choices public. To ask questions that address the nature of prosocial behavior itself rather than consider it merely as another decision context to motivate human behavior in, we call for researchers to conceptualize prosocial behavior as intersocial. This approach can help capture the more realistic decision tradeoffs consumers face, as well as illuminate new research opportunities arising from considering technology‐enabled giving and socially hyperconnected consumers.
An assessment of high temporal frequency satellite data for historic environment applications. A case study from Scotland
Authors: McGrath Ciara N. , Cowley David C. , Hood Sine , Clarke Sheila , Macdonald Malcolm 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses the value of high temporal frequency satellite data with various spatial sampling resolutions for multi‐scalar historic environment survey and management use cases in Scotland, specifically for broad‐brush landscape characterisation, for monitoring the condition of monuments and for the discovery of otherwise unknown sites. Dealing with a part of the world where applications of satellite imagery are almost entirely unexplored, this study takes a real‐world approach, which foregrounds the purpose at hand rather than presenting a case study from an optimal setting. The study highlights the importance of detailed imagery to support interpretation in some instances, and the challenges of obtaining time‐critical optical imagery in a part of the world that experiences significant periods of cloud cover. The real‐world availability of data in such settings is assessed, highlighting that even with daily revisits, useable imagery cannot be guaranteed. The implications of current and past tasking patterns for availability of high‐resolution data now and in the future are discussed. The study identifies the complementary roles that satellite imagery can fulfil, while identifying the limitations that remain to fuller applications of such data, in a study that will be relevant to many parts of Europe and beyond.
Large‐Diameter Pipes: Condition Inspection and Monitoring Test Bed Implementation in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hyun , Bae Cheol‐Ho , Chung Goo‐Bong , Yoon Dong‐Jin , Park Choon‐Su , Jung Eui‐Jung , Lee Ho‐Min , Kwon Il‐Bum , Lee Sun‐Ho , Koo Dan 
Published: December 2022

Key TakeawaysK‐water manages South Korea's multiregional water pipelines, some of which are showing signs of wear.To best direct its efforts for preventing future failures, K‐water decided to focus on the health of its large‐diameter pipes.Reliable tools to conduct pipeline inspections were essential, so a team developed and tested three technologies that produced improved results overall.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of free vancomycin concentration in practice: A new analytical technique based on the HFCF–UF sample separation method
Authors: Ren Feifei , Liu Yixin , Li Shan , Li Xiangchen , Wu Xikun , Li Yaqian , Zhang Zhiqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish a method for free vancomycin concentration determination in human plasma and apply it to clinical therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The unbound vancomycin in plasma was separated by the hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF–UF) technique and analyzed by HPLC. Chromatographic conditions were optimized, the specificity, linearity, precision, recovery and stability of the method were examined, and plasma samples of patients were measured. The standard curve for free vancomycin is y = 0.0277x − 0.0080 with good linearity within 0.25–50 μg·mL−1. The relative and absolute recovery rates for vancomycin were 98.63–101.0% and 88.41–101.2%, respectively. The intraday and interday precision RSDs were <10%. Plasma was stable under several conditions. The TDM value of the free vancomycin concentration of 20 patients was 0.99–38.51 μg·mL−1, and the correlation between the free and total concentrations was not significant. The unbound fraction of vancomycin ranged from 25.5 to 84.8%, with large variation. The operation of free vancomycin separation by HFCF–UF was simple and suitable for TDM in practice. The unbound fraction of vancomycin in clinical samples varied significantly between individuals. It is recommended to perform free concentration TDM in critically ill patients.
Working status and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Jiaxi , Li Kaixin , Liao Xiaoyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) has become a common illness affecting the elderly, adding to society's social and financial burden. We used two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in this study to determine the association between working status and AD.MethodsWe performed a two‐sample MR analysis. The genetic associations were derived from the UK Biobank (n = 263,615) and the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (n = 63,926). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median were used in the MR analysis. The funnel plot, Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, and leave‐one‐out analysis were used in sensitivity analyses. Further risk factor analyses were carried out to look into the potential mediators.ResultsJobs involve heavy manual or physical work (OR = 2.13, 95%CI 1.36–3.36; p = .0011), job involves mainly walking or standing (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.19–2.54; p = .004), and job involves shift work (OR = 2.78, 95%CI 1.14–6.80; p = .02) increased the risk of AD in the IVW analysis. There was no heterogeneity and no horizontal pleiotropy in the sensitivity analysis. Risk factor analysis suggested that each of the above association may be mediated by different risk factors.ConclusionOur study adds to the evidence that the development of AD is associated with the working status (job involves heavy manual or physical work, job involves mainly walking or standing, and job involves shift work) by using extensive human genetic data.
The association of admission ionized calcium with outcomes of thrombolysed patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke
Authors: Qi Yan‐Li , Wu Qiong , Li Xiao‐Qiu , Zhou Zhong‐He , Xia Cheng , Wang Xin‐Hong , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe relationship between ionized calcium and prognosis of ischemic stroke is controversial. We aim to determine the relationship of admission ionized calcium levels with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).MethodsConsecutive anterior circulation AIS patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) were retrospectively enrolled. According to ionized calcium quartiles, the patients were divided into four groups and clinical data were analyzed between groups. Ionized calcium was entered into logistic regression analysis in two models, separately: model 1, calcium as a continuous variable (per 1‐mmol/L increase), and model 2, calcium as the four‐categorized variable (being collapsed into quartiles: Q1–Q4). Early neurologic improvement (ENI) was defined as improvement of four or more points at 24 h after intravenous rt‐PA, while long‐term good outcome as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1 at 90 days.ResultsA total of 546 patients met the study criteria (mean age was 63.51 ± 11.26 years and 365 [66.8%] were men). The median admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 9 (range 4 to 15). When not adjusted, in model 1: ionized calcium was related to good outcome (odds ratio [OR] 69.061, 95%CI: 1.638–2911.111, p=0.027), but not ENI (OR 14.097, 95%CI: 0.133–1492.596, p=0.266); in model 2: compared with Q4, while good outcome was less common in Q1 (OR 0.623, 95%CI: 0.388–0.999, p=0.049). After adjusting for confounding factors, calcium in Q2 (OR 0.502, 95%CI: 0.253–0.997, p=0.049) was independently associated with ENI, but no matter as a continuous variable or categorized variable, ionized calcium displayed no association with a good outcome.ConclusionThe current results found that ionized calcium might be associated with early neurological improvement, but had no association with 3 months' outcome in anterior circulation AIS patients after IVT.
Mental health and intentions to quit among nurses in Iran during COVID‐19 Pandemic: A social identity approach
Authors: Cakal Huseyin , Keshavarzi Saeed , Ruhani Ali , Dakhil‐Abbasi Golnoosh , Ünver Halime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe positive effects of social identification on mental health are well documented in the literature. However, most of this research has been conducted among small groups in WEIRD (Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61) settings. Understanding how social identity as a psychological source can improve resilience and welfare among frontline healthcare workers in non‐WEIRD contexts can help to alleviate the negative impact of large‐scale epidemics overall, especially in resource‐poor settings and contribute towards improved welfare of key healthcare workers. The present research investigates whether identifying as a nurse could influence mental health and intentions to quit directly and indirectly via positive and negative emotions among a unique sample of Iranian nurses (N = 462) during a risky period, the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multiple regression results showed that identifying as a nurse was negatively associated with negative emotions which in turn were positively related to depressive symptoms. In a similar vein, identifying as a nurse was positively associated with positive emotions which, in turn, were negatively related to intentions to quit. Results also confirmed that risk perceptions related to COVID‐19 positively moderated the effect of social identification on negative emotions only. That is, identification as a nurse was associated with reduced negative emotions only when perceived risk was low. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Mid‐infrared spectroscopy study of aqueous solution of ethylene glycol using chemometrics analysis and two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Talebanpour Bayat Elaheh , Akhond Morteza , Hemmateenejad Bahram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract1, 2‐Ethandiol (ethylene glycol, EG) and its mixtures with water (W) have widespread industrial and biological applications due to their special physiochemical properties. In this study, two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis of infrared spectra are used to characterize structural features of EG–W binary solutions. Three distinctive regions are observed with diverse contributions of hydrophobic backbone (CH2 groups) and hydrophilic (OH functional) groups. Both groups are simultaneously considered to characterize local structure in each triple region. The aqueous solutions of EG are changed from EG‐like (xw ≤ 0.27) to W‐like solution (xw > 0.83), where xw is W mole fraction. The wide range of EG–W mixtures (0.27 < xw ≤ 0.83) are stabilized by –OH … O (proper hydrogen bonded) and –CH … O (improper hydrogen bonded). Also, trend and relative equilibrium concentration variation of W, EG, and identified cluster are used to propose chemical model of EG–W interaction.
A lean‐zinc anode battery based on metal–organic framework‐derived carbon
Authors: Li Chao , Liang Liheng , Liu Xuhui , Cao Ning , Shao Qingguo , Zou Peichao , Zang Xiaobei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImproving zinc metal (Zn0) reversibility and minimizing the N/P ratio are critical to boosting the energy density of Zn0 batteries. However, in reality, an excess Zn source is usually adopted to offset the irreversible zinc loss and guarantee sufficient zinc cycling, which sacrifices the energy density and leads to poor practicability of Zn0 batteries. To address the above conundrum, here, we report a lean‐Zn and hierarchical anode based on metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived carbon, where trace Zn0 is pre‐reserved within the anode structure to make up for any irreversible zinc source loss. This allows us to construct low N/P ratio Zn0 full cells when coupling the lean‐Zn anode with Zn‐containing cathodes. Impressively, high Zn0 reversibility (average Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% for 3000 cycles) and long full‐cell lifetime (92% capacity retention after 900 cycles) were realized even under the harsh lean‐Zn condition (N/P ratio: 1.34). The excellent Zn reversibility is attributed to the hierarchy structure that homogenizes zinc ion flux and electric field distribution, as confirmed by theoretical simulations, which therefore stabilizes Zn0 evolution. The lean‐Zn anode design strategy will provide new insights into construction of high‐energy Zn0 batteries for practical applications.
A Series of Soluble Planar Oligorylenes up to Hexarylene†
Authors: Fujita Ryuichi , Yoshida Shoko , Kano Haruka , Matsuo Kyohei , Hayashi Hironobu , Yamada Hiroko , Aratani Naoki 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryPreparation of large rylenes often needs the use of solubilizing groups along the rylene backbone, which results in the distortion of the skeleton and thus broadening of the absorption spectrum. In this work, we successfully synthesized 2,5,8,16,19,22‐hexakis[2,6‐ bis(tri‐fluoromethyl)phenyl]hexarylene (H) by using an oxidative fusion reaction of perylene trimer in 5% yield. The product is soluble in common organic solvents and could be purified with column chromatography. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the hexarylene core is not disturbed by the substituents very much and is almost planar. The longest absorption of H exhibits a sharp peak at 831 nm and an on‐set at 875 nm in toluene with a small full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 660 cm‐1. The molar extinction coefficient is as large as 131,000 M‐1 cm‐1. The substituents could not perturb the electronic properties of the hexarylene because aryl groups are perpendicular to the hexarylene core and the carbon atoms at 2,5,16,19‐positions have negligible coefficients on its HOMO and LUMO, estimated by theoretical calculations. As a result, the hexarylene having less absorption at the visible light region was stable enough in solution under the LED room light for more than 1 week. This strategy gives a useful guideline to establish the near‐infrared materials that exhibit stability under ambient conditions.
Oligodendrocyte origin and development in the zebrafish visual system
Authors: Santos‐Ledo Adrián , Pérez‐Montes Cristina , DeOliveira‐Mello Laura , Arévalo Rosario , Velasco Almudena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the central nervous system. In birds and mammals, the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) originate in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. However, it remains unclear in other vertebrates such as fish. Thus, we have studied the early progression of OPCs during zebrafish visual morphogenesis from 2 days post fertilization (dpf) until 11 dpf using the olig2:EGFP transgenic line; and we have analyzed the differential expression of transcription factors involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation: Sox2 (using immunohistochemistry) and Sox10 (using the transgenic line sox10:tagRFP). The first OPCs (olig2:EGFP/Sox2) were found at 2 dpf in the POA. From 3 dpf onwards, these olig2:EGFP/Sox2 cells migrate to the optic chiasm, where they invade the optic nerve (ON), extending toward the retina. At 5 dpf, olig2:EGFP/Sox2 cells in the ON also colocalize with sox10:tagRFP. When olig2:EGFP cells differentiate and present more projections, they become positive only for sox10:tagRFP. olig2:EGFP/sox10: tagRFP cells ensheath the ON by 5 dpf when they also become positive for a myelin marker, based on the mbpa:tagRFPt transgenic line. We also found olig2:EGFP cells in other regions of the visual system. In the central retina at 2 dpf, they are positive for Sox2 but later become restricted to the proliferative germinal zone without this marker. In the ventricular areas of the optic tectum, olig2:EGFP cells present Sox2 but arborized ones sox10:tagRFP instead. Our data matches with other models, where OPCs are specified in the POA and migrate to the ON through the optic chiasm.
The multiple characteristics of specific associations from words to colors
Authors: Chen Yun , Yang Jianming , Yu Luwen , Westland Stephen , Wang Haina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study mainly focused on exploring the multiple characteristics of specific associations from words to colors. Color association is bidirectional, representing the relationship from color to concept or concept to color. The association between word and color has multiple correspondences in both directions. Colors are associated with ideas, concepts, meanings, emotions, and so forth. However, it is often discussed as a single relationship from color to the concept. How the specific ideas or concepts associated with color, is rarely discussed. So, this work started from a specific concept (words) to colors and then investigated the characteristics of this association. A psychophysical experiment was carried out to collect the specific color associations from target words. Pearson correlation coefficient and K‐means clustering methods were employed to analyze the associations from words to colors. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to (1) indicate the stronger association from the word to color, the larger the color similarity of the related colors; (2) identify the specific characteristic of the association from a word to colors and the three‐aspect characteristic model was summarized.