bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Pot-Plant Irrigation Controller1
Authors: White John W. , Shaw Mark D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An instrument that actuates an irrigation system in response to a weight loss from a pot-soil-plant system, is described. The instrument utilizes the principle that the pot-soil-plant system can act as an integrator of all factors influencing water uptake and loss. The instrument is essentially a scale which continuously weighs the pot-soil-plant system placed upon it. Provisions are included in the design to compensate for gains in weight as the plant grows.
A Novel Azalea
Authors: Pryor R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The azalea has been used for many years for landscaping and for forcing. Both deciduous and evergreen types have been used for landscaping. The persistent-leaved types are used for forcing in the greenhouse and sold as pot plants. There are at least two kinds of persistent-leaved azaleas; one with all green leaves such as the Kurume azaleas, and the other with various degrees of white mottling in the leaves such as is found in the Belgian Indicas. These plants vary a great deal in this respect. Figure 1 shows a seedling plant witji variegated leaves, varying from mottling on the left side to all white on the right side. This plant would not be considered for introduction as a cultivar, although it is unusual. The all white portion would soon burn or turn brown in the sun and be unattractive. Because there are thousands of cultivars of azaleas it is difficult to obtain something different and good enough to warrant introduction as a new cultivar.
A Review of Plastic Greenhouses: The Problems, Progress, and Possibilities
Authors: Cotter D. J. , Chaplin C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over two centuries ago Jonathan Swift wrote “necessity is the mother of invention.” Because the late Professor Emery Myers Emmert could not afford an expensive glass greenhouse, he invented the plastic greenhouse in 1948. It was covered with 4’ × 4’ wooden frames with supporting form wire (spaced every 6 inches) on which cellophane film was attached. These frames were nailed on the rafters of narrow wooden structures and lapped similarly to greenhouse glass. Remarkable as it now seems, he grew commercial crops of lettuce, tomatoes, and bedding plants in these houses for several years before the era of polyethylene.
Increased Yield in the Olive with Putrescine Treatment
Authors: Rugini Eddo , Mencuccini Massimo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aqueous solutions of putrescine and putrescine dichloride were sprayed on flowers and fruit of self-incompatible olive (Olea europaea L.) ‘Leccino’ and Tendolino’. Both diamine formulas increased fruit-set and yield when applied on flowers before anthesis (‘Pendolino’) and at full bloom (‘Leccino’), but they slightly decreased fresh fruit weight. Putrescine dichloride was more effective than putrescine base, stimulating fruit-set with 5 × 10 –2 m solution compared to 5 × 10–1 m to 1 m of putrescine base.
Translocation of Water within Root Systems of Pecan, Grape, and Tomato
Authors: Taylor R. M. , Fenn L. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water was translocated from pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch ‘Burkett’], grape (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Thompson Seedless’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mell. ‘Ace’) roots growing in a moist soil medium, across stem or crown tissue into roots growing in a dry soil medium, and was exuded during periods of high transpiration. Those portions of pecan and grape roots in a dry soil medium (wilting point) were maintained in an absorptive condition for 30 days, whereas tomato roots were injured.
Comparison of Conventional and Mulching Mowers for Kentucky Bluegrass Maintenance
Authors: Haley J. E. , Wehner D. J. , Fermanian T. W. , Turgeon A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf quality of mowing with either a mulching mower or a conventional rotary mower, having clippings re moved or returned, were determined. Turf that received 0, 150, or 300 kg N ha–1 yr–1 was mowed at 5 cm either biweekly, weekly, or twice weekly. Turf quality, weed encroachment, and thatch buildup were monitored. Highest quality was found where turf was mowed twice weekly with a conventional rotary mower with clippings returned and received 300 kg N ha–1 yr–1. Quality ratings for turf mowed with the mulching mower were equal to or significantly lower than ratings for turf mowed with a conventional rotary mower with clippings returned on 13 of the 17 rating dates. Thatch buildup and weed encroachment responded to N level, with more thatch and fewer weeds at the highest N level.
Bud Applications of BA Induces Branching of a Nonbranching Poinsettia
Authors: Semeniuk Peter , Griesbach R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bud applications of 6-benzylamino purine (BA) suspended in lanolin at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, and 50 mg/ml effectively induced either the initiation of bud growth or the development of lateral branches in nonpinched, nonbranching ‘Ruff and Reddy’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild ex. Klotz). No lateral branches developed on nonpinched controls. Application of 25 and 50 mg/ml of BA promoted additional axillary bud activity in untreated axillary buds above treated ones. This loss of apical dominance in upper untreated buds indicates that BA was transported. Bud applications of 150 μg/ml t-cinnamic acid (tCA) alone or in combination with BA had no effect on promoting bud activity.
Forcing of Field Grown Rhubarb with Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Hemphill Delbert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Injection of gibberellic acid (GA3) into crowns of field grown rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) stimulated early petiole growth and increased total and marketable yields. The GA3 treatment was most effective in late January and February, less effective in early March, and ineffective in June. Growth was stimulated by injection of 2.5 to 40 mg GA3/crown, with 10 to 20 mg sufficient for optimal growth. Spray applications of GA3 to soil-free buds and application through a trickle irrigation system did not increase rhubarb yield or earliness. Costs for the GA3 injection treatment are very favorable compared to indoor forcing or to field forcing with clear polyethylene mulch.
‘La Festival’ Peach
Authors: Boudreaux J. E. , Johnson C. E. , Hawthorne P. L. , Young W. A. , Cunningham R. L. , Lartigue M. G. , Raiford T. J. , Peterson F. J. , Wilson P. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘La Festival’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a yellow flesh cultivar with a good quality fruit requiring 400 to 500 hr chilling. ‘La Festival’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large freestone fruit that ripen about 25 June, or about 20 days before ‘Elberta’ in southern Louisinna
‘Vivant’ Grape
Authors: Fisher K. H. , Bradt O. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grape breeding was initiated at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario in 1913 (3). The objectives of the program were to provide wine and table grapes adapted to southern Ontario climatic conditions. ‘Vivant’ (Fig. 1) was released by the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario to help fill the need for hybrid grape cultivars with vinifera-like character for the active white wine market. This is the 8th cultivar to be released from this program.
Seed-propagated Amphidiploid Dendrobium Cultivars
Authors: Blanpied G. David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dendrobium orchids have become an important florist crop in Hawaii. The long, gracefully arching sprays (racemes) with numerous attractive individual flowers have a variety of uses. The sprays can be utilized in bud vases or combined effectively with other flowers in arrangements, while indvidual flowers can be used in corsages, wedding bouquets, and leis. The sprays are long lasting and are easy to pack and ship to distant markets.
Photons, Flux, and Some Light on Philology
Authors: Holmes M. G. , Klein W. H. , Sager J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many articles have appeared in recent years recommending or defining terminology and units for measuring radiation energy in experiments with plants. A large group of these publications (1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 22, 23) present the units and nomenclature which have been agreed upon, and promoted by, the American Society of Agronomists (ASA), the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), and the USDA North Central Regional Growth Chamber Use Committee (NCR-101). The most recent addition to this series has just been published in HortScience (10). The authors advocate adoption of their guidelines by researchers, reviewers, and editors on a worldwide basis. However, there is still both international and interdisciplinary disagreement on the terminology, and to a lesser extent, the units used for radiation measurements in the plant sciences. In many instances, these disagreements have been reduced to para-semantic arguments. On the other hand, there are many discrepancies in the literature which are due to inaccurate etymology, thereby leading to the potential danger that the grammatical roots of the nomenclature will be altered artificially. The purpose of this communication is to indicate these discrepancies before incorrect terminology becomes widely accepted.
Individual Seal-packaging of Fruit and Vegetables in Plastic Film—A New Postharvest Technique
Authors: Ben-Yehoshua Shimshon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Individual seal-packaging has been developed in the last decade as a new technique for postharvest handling of fruit and vegetables. This technique, mainly used with citrus fruit, may extend shelf life, reduce shrinkage, weight loss, the occurrence of various blemishes, and refrigeration costs. Individual seal-packaging helps in securing the beneficial aspects of a water-saturated atmosphere (WSA) and in mitigating its disadvantages. If the sealed fruit is not pretreated against decay, however, it may develop decay faster and have a higher percentage of stem-end rot than nonsealed fruit. The choice of films has been extended, but polyethylene of various densities is the main one used. These films offer an attractive appearance and characteristics, adapted to the needs of both the fruit as well as the machines which have been developed to seal individual fruit automatically. So far, this technique has been tested commercially in Israel, Australia, Florida, California, Arizona, Texas, Italy and Spain, and experiments are under way in other locations.
Gel-incorporated Glyphosate for Perennial Weed Control
Authors: Ahrens W. H. , Pill W. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Herbicidal efficacy of 0%, 1%, 4%, 7%, and 10% Roundup incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch-grafted polymer (SGP) gels was evaluated after topical application (2 ml gel/plant) to leaves of Canada thistle, field bindweed, and Japanese honeysuckle. Increasing Roundup concentration caused a quadratic injury rating response in Canada thistle, with 7% Roundup giving maximal injury. Complete shoot necrosis and minimal regrowth of field bindweed resulted from 4%, 7%, or 10% Roundup. Injury ratings in Japanese honeysuckle increased linearly with increasing Roundup concentration, although no concentration gave complete control with one application. After a 2nd application, complete shoot necrosis occurred in only 50% of the plants treated with 10% Roundup. Although efficacy of gel-incorporated Roundup was not appreciably affected by gel type, SGP shelf life at room temperature was superior to that of CMC.
Translocation of Glyphosate in Strawberry Stolons
Authors: Leather Gerald R. , Frank J. Ray 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field growing nonfruiting strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. ‘Midway’) were treated with (methyl-14C) glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl)glycine] applied to the leaves of runner plants rapidly developing at the nodes of stolons. Seven days after application, 14C was distributed throughout the stolon and untreated new runner plants. The greatest accumulation of 14C was found in the stolon and in the runner plants distal to the application site. When the distal runner plant was treated, most of the 14C was recovered from the application site. Depending upon the treatment, from 2.9% to 11.5% of the recovered 14C activity was located in the mother plant.
Effect of GA4+7 + BA Tank-mixed with Fungicides on ‘Delicious’ Apples
Authors: Mullinix Mark K. , Hibbard Aubrey D. , Hemphill Delbert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects at 2 different rates of the gibberellins A4 and A7 plus 6-beneyladenine (GA4+7 + BA) on the length/diameter (L/D) ratios of both standard- and spur-type ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), when combined with bloomperiod fungicides applied at different stages of blossom development, were evaluated. The effectiveness of GA4+7 + BA was not reduced by combining it with selected fungicides. GA4+7 + BA at twice the suggested rate usually resulted in increased fruit L/D ratios. Full-bloom applications were most effective for fruit elongation of spurtype strains, whereas full-pink applications were most effective for standard-type strains.
Susceptibility of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit to Chilling Injury is not Related to Endogenous Calcium Levels in Flavedo Tissue
Authors: Purvis A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) harvested from the exterior canopy positions pitted more severely during storage at 5°C than did fruit harvested from the interior canopy of the same tree. The flavedo tissue of interior and exterior canopy fruit had similar calcium contents. Severity of pitting within a single lot of fruit also was not significantly correlated (r = - 0.24 ns) to the calcium content of the peel. Thus, the variation in susceptibility of grapefruit to chilling injury does not appear to be related to endogenous calcium content of the flavedo tissue.
Chemical Control of Vegetative Growth in Citrus Trees by Paclobutrazol
Authors: Aron Yair , Monselise S. P. , Goren R. , Costo J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PP333) [(2RS,3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl-)pentan-3-ol] sprays applied to ‘Minneola’ tangelo trees, at 500 or 1000 ppm, before the onset of summer flush, markedly reduced total growth, number of shoots, and internode length. Soil treatments (0.4 and 0.8 g per square meter) had only a small effect, probably because of the short time from application to flush inception. Sprays of Morphactin (an auxin transport inhibitor), at 250 and 500 ppm did not reduce growth, but rather enhanced it by increasing the number of emerging shoots. The spring flush of the same trees also showed effects of paclobutrazol soil treatments, whereas other treatments were not different from control. Paclobutrazol sprays on comparable ‘Minneola’ trees just before the spring flush also reduced this growth. Paclobutrazol may become a tool for the control of vegetative growth of mature citrus trees.
Cross-pollination in ‘Gordal Sevillana’ Olives
Authors: Fernández-Escobar R. , Gómez-Valledor G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cross-pollination with ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Lechin de Sevilla’, and ‘Picudo’ increased initial fruit set in ‘Gordal Sevillana’ (synonymous ‘Sevillano’) but did not affect final set under favorable conditions for fertilization. However, the results suggest that under other conditions, cross-pollination with ‘Picudo’ can increase yield. Crop quality was improved with cross-pollination, as there was a reduction in shotberries.
Ancymidol Rates and Application Timing Influence Asparagus Transplant Growth
Authors: Adler Paul R. , Dufault Robert J. , Waters Luther 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single applications of ancymidol at 0.03, 0.12, 0.50, or 1.0 mg/plant were soil applied to asparagus seedlings (Asparagus officinalis L.) 3.5, 5.5, or 7.5 weeks after seeding. Increasing ancymidol rates from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/plant decreased bud number, fern dry weight, but not shoot number at all application times. When ancymidol was applied at 1.0 mg/plant at 3.5 weeks it reduced fleshy root production, but in plants treated at 5.5 to 7.5 weeks, it did not reduce fleshy root production. Increasing ancymidol rates from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/plant reduced the crown dry weight of plants 5.5 weeks and younger. Ancymidol from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/plant applied to 3.5-week-old plants increased the partitioning of dry matter into fern rather than crowns, but delaying application to 7.5 weeks after seeding reversed this relationship suggesting increased carbohydrate storage. Application of ancymidol from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/plant to plants 5.5-weeks-old or younger was considered detrimental to plant growth. Ancymidol at 0.50 mg/plant or less applied to 7.5-week-old plants enhanced the production of a stocky, compact transplant. Chemicals used. Ancymidol: α-cycloprophyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol.
Refrigerated Storage Influence on Sweet Potato Transplant Viability and Root Yield
Authors: Hammett Larry K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Jewel’ sweet potato transplants were held in refrigerated storage at 4.4°, 8.9°, 13.3°, 17.8°, or 26.7°C for 7 or 14 days before planting. Some treatments received a fungicide dip before storage. Maximum plant survivability and root yield were obtained from transplants held for 7 days at 13° to 18°. Ambient storage (26.7°) greatly reduced transplant survivability. Fungicide treatment had no influence on plant stand.
Estimating the Price of Quality Characteristics for Tomatoes: Aiding the Evaluation of the Postharvest System
Authors: Jordan Jeffrey L. , Shewfelt R. L. , Prussia S. E. , Hurst W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An important aspect in the fresh tomato market is the array of quality characteristics that affect value. This paper estimates implicit prices for quality factors of fresh tomatoes delivered at a terminal market. The study’s findings suggest a relationship between the implicit price of quality attributes and the cost of changes in the postharvest handling and distribution process.
Aberrant Citrus Plants Obtained by Somatic Embryogenesis of Nucelli Cultured in Vitro
Authors: Navarro L. , Ortiz J. M. , Juarez J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Virus-free plants of 8 monoembryonic cultivars of Citrus Clementina Hort ex Tan. were obtained by somatic embryogenesis of the nucellus cultured in vitro. Twenty-nine percent of them had abnormal phenotypic characters that were maintained for 7 years in the greenhouse, and by bud wood propagation on different rootstocks. Electrophoretic studies of the proteins disclosed differences in band intensity and distribution between normal and abnormal plants, indicating the possibility of genotypic variations. Alternative methods to obtain virus-free citrus plants are advised to reduce the high percentage of abnormalities.
In Vitro Propagation of Dionaea muscipula
Authors: Minocha Subhash C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surface-sterilized leaf sections from mature Venus fly trap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) plants produced several adventitious plantlets when cultured on full strength Lin and Staba medium or a reduced strength Murashige and Skoog growth medium supplemented with 0.5-25 μM cytokinin. Zeatin at 9.0 or 22.5 μm was found to be most effective in inducing adventitious shoot formation. These shoots were excised and subcultured on a low salt medium to generate roots. The rooted plants then were transferred to sterilized peat moss and grown to maturity. A large number of plants could be regenerated through repeated subculture of leaf segments.
Tissue Culture Propagation of Buffalo Gourd
Authors: Lee Chi Won , Thomas John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apical shoot tips and axillary buds of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK.) when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4-22.2 μm (1-5 mg/liter) BA and 0-0.54 μM (0-0.1 mg/liter) NAA produced 4-9 multiple shoots within 4 weeks. The individual shoots subcultured on MS medium containing 4.9 μm (1 mg/liter) IBA produced a healthy root system in 4 weeks. Rooted cultures were successfully transferred to soil in a greenhouse. Chemical names used. BA:N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine. NAA:l-naphthaleneacetic acid. IBA: lH-indole-3-butanoic acid.
Crop Response in a Modified Mine-air Greenhouse Environment
Authors: Buxton J. W. , Walker J. N. , Cornelius P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse environment, heated and cooled with air drawn from a coal mine, was modified to reduce high humidity and dripping condensate. Polyethylene covered chambers, constructed within the mine-air greenhouse, were ventilated with mine-air, heated above mine-air temperature and ventilated with mine-air, or heated above mine-air temperature and ventilated with air drawn from outside the greenhouse. Heating the chambers above mine-air temperature did not reduce relative humidity significantly. However, polyethylene glazing on the chambers protected plants growing within the chambers from condensate dripping from the outer covering of the mineair greenhouse, which reduced the disease potential. Snapdragon and lettuce crops were produced in the chambers from early fall through spring. Snapdragon and lettuce grown in chambers ventilated with mine-air generally were of equal or better quality than plants produced in chambers provided with additional heat and ventilated with either mine-air or air drawn from outside the mine-air greenhouse.
Response of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees in the Greenhouse to Rates and Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Low phosphorus Soil
Authors: Raese J. Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mono-ammonium phosphate applications to apple trees, ‘Oregon Spur’ seedling root (Malus domestica Borkh.), grown in a low P soil resulted in greater regrowth than the controls or other N or P soil treatments in the greenhouse. The high rate (12 g/tree) of mono-ammonium phosphate resulted in the most leaves per tree, the lowest percentage of leaves with purple margin, the highest level of leaf P and Mn, and relatively high levels of leaf N, K, Ca, and Mg. The 4 sources of N fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and urea) reduced the levels of leaf P in the trees. Trees treated with calcium nitrate had the highest level of leaf Ca.
Root Anaerobiosis, Root Respiration, and Leaf Conductance of Peach, Willow, Quince, and Several Pear Species
Authors: Andersen P. C. , Montano J. M. , Lombard P. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of root anaerobiosis on root respiration and leaf conductance (kl) were determined in solution culture experiments. Respiration of feeder roots (<2 mm diameter) in air (21% O2) of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge, Pyrus calleryana Decne, Pyrus communis L. (‘Old Home’ × ‘Farmingdale 97’) and Cydonia oblonga Mill. ‘Provence BA 29’ was reduced by no more than 50% after 21 days of anaerobiosis. In contrast, root respiration of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ‘Lovell’ was reduced by 80% with anaerobiosis, whereas that of Salix discolor Muhl. increased. Reductions in kl with anaerobiosis generally were more pronounced than reduction in root respiration when measured in air. Respiration rates of aerobically or anaerobically treated pear roots were inhibited by 25% to 50% when incubated in 0.5% O2 compared to rates in air. More work is required in order to delineate the relationship of root respiration and kl with anaerobiosis.