bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a visual metonym: A hauntological study of polar bear imagery in climate communication
Authors: O'Neill Saffron 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrom television news bulletins, newspapers and magazines, documentaries and films, social media memes and cartooning, to protest and art – even to the images that spontaneously come into our minds – polar bears are now ubiquitously associated with climate change. Indeed, polar bear visuals now often mean nothing but climate change. Why do polar bear images, as a particular type of climate change imagery, continue to thrive and to circulate – and indeed, to haunt – our imaginings of climate change? This paper seeks to understand the tangled social, cultural, political, and scientific histories of polar bear visuals through defining a new concept, a ‘visual metonym’. This concept is worked through using a longitudinal analysis of visual evidence arising from political, social, scientific, and cultural domains and using a hauntological approach that is sensitive to the spectre‐like nature of polar bear imagery. This reveals three periods in which the work that polar bear visuals has undertaken has changed: polar bear (1990s–mid‐2000s), political bear (mid‐2000s), and climate bear (mid‐2000s onwards). By the time of the ‘climate bear’ period, polar bear images had become entrenched and irreducible from (i.e., they haunt) climate change. As polar bear images came to stand in for much wider debates – of climate scepticism and political (in)action – they became a visual metonym. The paper concludes by presenting the visual metonym concept as a way to explore and understand how particular image types gain power, agency, and meaning and how they come to act as signalling devices representing complex engagements with contemporary issues. The visual metonym concept can be used to understand, interrogate, and critique naturalised and pervasive issue‐led imagery.
Adapted technique for demonstrating argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in the cytologic samples of canine mast cell tumors
Authors: Mann Thaís R. , Engelmann Ana M. , Mello Camila B. E. , de Andrade Cinthia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionArgyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) are nonhistone argyrophilic nucleolar proteins associated with ribosomal genes found in the nucleolar organizer region that reflect cell proliferation and have an affinity for silver. AgNOR staining may be useful to evaluate prognosis in several neoplasms because higher AgNOR counts are related to higher grade tumors, metastases, and shorter survival times.ObjectiveWe aimed to report on a quick and practical technique to identify AgNORs adapted for use in routine cytology.Materials and methodsThe cytopathologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor (MCT) in samples collected by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) was determined. Next, slides were impregnated with a solution containing silver nitrate; the main modification of our technique included incubation of these slides at a controlled temperature of 25 °C. Some slides were previously stained with Diff‐Quik and others were only fixed with methanol. The slides were analyzed under a microscope, and the number of blackened intranuclear points (AgNORs) was counted.ResultsSlides prestained with Diff‐Quik were easily counted compared with slides only fixed in methanol. Technical issues encountered with the methanol‐fixed slides included insufficient cellularity, background precipitation, and an absence of silver impregnation.ConclusionsThe technique reported in this study showed satisfactory results for AgNOR counting in cytologic smears from MCT, such as good impregnation and the elimination of background interferents. Further evaluation of this method comparing AgNOR counts with histologic examinations, tumor grades, other prognostic markers, and survival times are needed to fully evaluate the benefit of this technique.
Cenozoic mountain building in eastern China and its correlation with reorganization of the Asian climate regime
Authors: Yu Jingxing , Zheng Dewen , Pang Jianzhang , Li Chaopeng , Wang Ying , Wang Yizhou , Hao Yuqi , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Cenozoic Asian climate system experienced a transformation from a zonal pattern to a monsoon-dominant pattern around the Paleogene-Neogene boundary. A series of dynamic mechanisms, such as uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, retreat of the Paratethys Sea, expansion of the South China Sea, and decreasing atmospheric CO2 content, has been suggested to be responsible for the transformation of the Asian climate pattern. However, the role of topographic growth in eastern China has been rarely considered. As the natural divides of geography, climate, and biology, the two most distinct sets of topographic relief in eastern China, the Qinling and Taihang Mountains, play an important role in shaping the Asian climate pattern. We report low-temperature thermochronology data from the Qinling and Taihang Mountains and use age-elevation relationships and thermal history modeling to show that both mountain ranges experienced a phase of rapid exhumation during the late Oligocene and early Miocene. The building of the Qinling and Taihang Mountains around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary temporally and spatially coincided with the reorganization of the Cenozoic Asian climate regime, suggesting that the mountain building in eastern China acted as a possible driving mechanism for the alleged reorganization of the Cenozoic Asian climate regime.
Clustering by hybrid K-Means and black hole entropic fuzzy clustering algorithm for medical data
Authors: Jaya Mabel Rani A. , Pravin A. 
Published: April 2022

Today clustering-based machine learning algorithms are the important field in data mining. Here, medical data clustering is one of the core applications of data mining to predict and identify the risk factor of the disease. At the same time, medical data clustering is a very important and challenging task due to its complexity and high frequency of data. In order to achieve proper data clustering, this paper proposed a hybrid data clustering algorithm by the combination of [Formula: see text]-Means and Black Hole Entropic Fuzzy Clustering (BHEFC). [Formula: see text]-Means is the first and one of the most popular and low-computation cost partitioned-based clustering algorithms. There are two modules in this hybrid clustering, first some number of iterations are executed by the first module of this hybrid clustering algorithm, which is [Formula: see text]-Means clustering. After some number of iterations, the clustering solutions are shifted to the second module of this hybrid clustering algorithm, which is Entrophic Fuzzy Clustering. So, it can get the advantages of both algorithms. [Formula: see text]-Means clustering algorithm can produce fast clustering solution due to its low-computation cost. But it can go for premature convergence. To overcome this problem, the second module used BHEFC, which can use large amount of high-frequency medical data. The experimental results are done with the medical practitioners to predict the risk factors of the heart disease patients and doctors can give the suggestions based on the risk factors. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed Hybrid [Formula: see text]-Means and BHEFC is analyzed by three different performance measures.
Evaluation of Nursing Effect of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Training on Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Postpartum Pregnant Women under Ultrasound Imaging with Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Yin Ping , Wang Hongli 
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the application value of ultrasound technology and rehabilitation training based on artificial intelligence algorithm in postpartum recovery of pelvic organ prolapse. Sixty patients diagnosed as mild and moderate pelvic organ prolapse by pelvic organ prolapse quantification evaluation were selected as the research objects. The patients were randomly divided into experimental group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). The patients in the control group were given routine guidance and postpartum health education 42 days after delivery and given no pelvic floor rehabilitation training, waiting for natural recovery. 42 days after delivery, the patients in the experimental group received pelvic floor rehabilitation training based on the patients in the control group. All patients underwent ultrasonography, the convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm was used for image denoising and edge feature extraction, and the performance of the algorithm was evaluated by the Dice coefficient, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and Hausdorff distance. The thickness of levator ani muscle, anterior and posterior diameter of perineal hiatus, pelvic floor muscle strength, and imaging data were compared between the two groups. The results revealed that the thickness of levator ani muscle in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group after one month and three months of treatment (

0.633
±
0.26

cm vs.

0.519
±
0.234

cm,

0.7
±
0.214

cm vs.

0.507
±
0.168

cm,

P
<
0.05

). After one month and three months of treatment, the anterior and posterior diameter of perineal fissure in the experimental group was obviously smaller than that in the control group (

4.76
±
0.513

cm vs.

5.002
±
0.763

cm,

4.735
±
0.614

cm vs.

4.987
±
0.581

cm,

P
<
0.05

). The pelvic floor muscle strength of the experimental group was remarkably higher than that of the control group after one month and three months of treatment (

3.183
±
1.47

vs.

2.41
±
1.57

,

3.365
±
1.53

vs.

2.865
±
1.69

,

P
<
0.05

). The ultrasonic image was clearer, the focus was more prominent, and the image quality was significantly improved after being processed by artificial intelligence algorithm. The Dice coefficient, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and Hausdorff distance of the proposed algorithm were better than those of the traditional algorithm. Thus, artificial intelligence algorithm had a good effect in ultrasonic image processing. Pelvic floor rehabilitation training had a good effect on postpartum nursing of patients with pelvic organ prolapse.
Oncohistone Mutations Occur at Functional Sites of Regulatory ADP-Ribosylation
Authors: Huang Dan , Camacho Cristel V. , Martire Sara , Nagari Anusha , Setlem Rohit , Gong Xuan , Edwards Andrea D. , Chiu Shu-Ping , Banaszynski Laura A. , Kraus W. Lee 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Recent studies have identified cancer-associated mutations in histone genes that lead to the expression of mutant versions of core histones called oncohistones. Many oncohistone mutations occur at Asp and Glu residues, two amino acids known to be ADP-ribosylated (ADPRylated) by PARP1. We screened 25 Glu or Asp oncohistone mutants for their effects on cell growth in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Ectopic expression of six mutants of three different core histones (H2B, H3, and H4) altered cell growth in at least two different cell lines. Two of these sites, H2B-D51 and H4-D68, were indeed sites of ADPRylation in wild-type (unmutated) histones, and mutation of these sites inhibited ADPRylation. Mutation of H2B-D51 dramatically altered chromatin accessibility at enhancers and promoters, as well as gene expression outcomes, whereas mutation of H4-D68 did not. Additional biochemical, cellular, proteomic, and genomic analyses demonstrated that ADPRylation of H2B-D51 inhibits p300-mediated acetylation of H2B at many Lys residues. In breast cancer cell xenografts in mice, H2B-D51A promoted tumor growth, but did not confer resistance to the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibition. Collectively, these results demonstrate that functional Asp and Glu ADPRylation sites on histones are mutated in cancers, allowing cancer cells to escape the growth-regulating effects of post-translational modifications via distinct mechanisms.

Significance:
This study identifies cancer-driving mutations in histones as sites of PARP1–mediated ADP-ribosylation in breast and ovarian cancers, providing a molecular pathway by which cancers may subvert the growth-regulating effects of PARP1.
Establishment of a Dedicated Inherited Cardiomyopathy Clinic: From Challenges to Improved Patients’ Outcome
Authors: Smith Emily , Thompson Paul D. , Burke‐Martindale Carolyn , Weissler‐Snir Adaya 
Published: April 2022

Background
Inherited cardiomyopathies (ICs) are relatively rare. General cardiologists have little experience in diagnosing and managing these conditions. International societies have recognized the need for dedicated IC clinics. However, only few reports on such clinics are available.

Methods and Results
Clinical data of patients referred to our clinic during its first 2 years for a personal or family history of (possible) IC were analyzed. A total of 207 patients from 196 families were seen; 13% of probands had their diagnosis changed. Diagnosis was most commonly altered in patients referred for possible arrhythmogenic dominant right ventricular cardiomyopathy (62.5%). A total of 90% of probands had genetic testing, of whom 27.3% harbored a likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant. Of patients with confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 31 (28.7%) were treated for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, including septal reduction in 13. Patients with either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or left ventricular noncompaction and a history of atrial fibrillation were started on oral anticoagulation. Oral anticoagulation was also discussed with all patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical aneurysm. Patients with a definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic dominant right ventricular cardiomyopathy were started on β‐blockers and given restrictive exercise prescriptions. A total of 17 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 5 patients with likely pathogenic or likely variants in arrhythmogenic genes received primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. No implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators were warranted for arrhythmogenic dominant right ventricular cardiomyopathy. A total of 76 family members from 24 families had cascade screening, 32 of whom carried the familial variant. A total of 21 members from 13 gene‐elusive families were evaluated by clinical screening, 3 of whom had positive screening.

Conclusions
Specialized IC clinics may improve diagnosis, management, and outcomes of patients with (possible) IC and their family members.
Impacts of Land Surface Parameterizations on Simulations over the Arid and Semiarid Regions: The Case of the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Lu Sha , Guo Weidong , Ge Jun , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The arid and semiarid areas of the Loess Plateau are extremely sensitive to climate change. Land–atmosphere interactions of these regions play an important role in the regional climate. However, most present land surface models (LSMs) are not reasonable and accurate enough to describe the surface characteristics in these regions. In this study, we investigate the effects of three key land surface parameters including surface albedo, soil thermal conductivity, and additional damping on the Noah LSM in simulating the land surface characteristics. The observational data from June to September from 2007 to 2009 collected at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) station in northwest China are used to validate the Noah LSM simulations. The results suggest that the retrieved values of surface albedo, soil thermal conductivity, and additional damping based on observations are in closer agreement with those of the MULT scheme for surface albedo, the J75_NOAH scheme for soil thermal conductivity, and the Y08 scheme for additional damping, respectively. Furthermore, the model performance is not obviously affected by surface albedo parameterization schemes, while the scheme of soil thermal conductivity is vital to simulations of latent heat flux and soil temperature and the scheme of additional damping is crucial for simulating net radiation flux, sensible heat flux, and surface soil temperature. A set of optimal parameterizations is proposed for the offline Noah LSM at the SACOL station when the MULT scheme for surface albedo, the J75_NOAH scheme for soil thermal conductivity, and the Y08 scheme for additional damping are combined simultaneously, especially in the case of sensible heat flux and surface soil temperature simulations.
On the Propagation and Translational Adjustment of Isolated Vortices in Large-Scale Shear Flows
Authors: Gulliver Larry T. , Radko Timour 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study explores the dynamics of intense coherent vortices in large-scale vertically sheared flows. We develop an analytical theory for vortex propagation and validate it by a series of numerical simulations. Simulations are conducted using both stable and baroclinically unstable zonal background flows. We find that vortices in stable westward currents tend to adjust to an equilibrium state characterized by quasi-uniform zonal propagation. These vortices persist for long periods, during which they propagate thousands of kilometers from their points of origin. The adjustment tendency is realized to a much lesser extent in eastward background flows. These findings may help to explain the longevity of the observed oceanic vortices embedded in predominantly westward flows. Finally, we examine the influence of background mesoscale variability induced by baroclinic instability of large-scale flows on the propagation and persistence of isolated vortices.
Tilt Error in NDBC Ocean Wave Height Records
Authors: Collins C. O. , Jensen R. E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We identify and characterize an error in the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave records due to the sustained tilt of a buoy under high winds. We use a standard, operational 3-m aluminum discus buoy from NDBC with two wave systems, one gimballed, and the other strapped down but uncorrected. By comparing the two, we find that the most extreme significant wave heights are systematically overestimated. The overestimation is shown to be confined to a region around the peak frequency in the spectra: 0.05–0.15 Hz. Wave direction and directional spread are unaffected. A bias due to tilt error can be observed starting at winds of 10 m s−1 or wave heights of 4 m. The bias increases as a function of wind speed and wave height, i.e., the bias is +10% when winds are 20 m s−1. Very high waves and winds are relatively rare, so while the tilt error does not affect overall statistics and basic analyses it could potentially affect analysis sensitive to the extremes. A correction is derived for significant wave height, which is a quadratic function of wind speed. The correction is shown to reduce wave heights in uncorrected records, but is found inadequate for general use. There is evidence of tilt error at other NDBC stations, but the full extent of prevalence in the record is not known at this time.
Neighborhood-Based Ensemble Evaluation Using the CRPS
Authors: Stein Joël , Stoop Fabien 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The neighborhood-based ensemble evaluation using the continuous ranked probability score is based on the pooling of the cumulative density function (CDF) for all the points inside a neighborhood. This methodology can be applied to the forecast CDF for measuring the predictive input of neighboring points in the center of the neighborhood. It can also be applied at the same time to forecast CDF and observed CDF so as to quantify the quality of the pooled ensemble forecast at the scale of the neighborhood. Fair versions of these two neighborhood scores are also defined in order to reduce their dependencies on the size of ensemble forecasts. The borderline case of deterministic forecasts is also explored so as to be able to compare them with ensemble forecasts. The information of these new scores is analyzed on idealized and real cases of rain accumulated during 3 h and of 2-m temperature forecast by four deterministic and probabilistic forecasting systems operational at Météo-France.
Improving Tropical Cyclone Forecast Communication by Understanding NWS Partners’ Decision Timelines and Forecast Information Needs
Authors: Morss Rebecca E. , Vickery Jamie , Lazrus Heather , Demuth Julie , Bostrom Ann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As tropical cyclone threats evolve, broadcast meteorologists and emergency managers rely on timely forecast information to help them communicate risk with the public and protect public safety. This study aims to improve the usability and applicability of National Weather Service (NWS) forecast information in the context of these NWS core partners’ decisions during tropical cyclone threats. The research collected and analyzed data from in-depth interviews with broadcast meteorologists and emergency managers in three coastal U.S. states. These data were used to analyze broadcast meteorologists’ and emergency managers’ tropical cyclone decision and action timelines, their use of tropical cyclone information during different phases of threats, and gaps in forecast information for decision-making. Based on these findings, several opportunities for improving tropical cyclone risk communication were identified. Recommendations to address gaps in the NWS tropical cyclone product suite include designing improved ways to communicate storm-specific storm surge risk at greater than 48 h of lead time, expanding the use of concise highlights that help people quickly extract and understand key information, and improving product understandability and usability by more comprehensively integrating users’ perspectives into product research and development. Broader strategic recommendations include developing new approaches for informing broadcast meteorologists about major forecast updates, presenting forecast information in ways that enable locally relevant interpretation, and supporting human forecasters’ contributions to the effectiveness of NWS products and services. These findings and recommendations can help NOAA prioritize ways to modernize the current NWS tropical cyclone product suite as well as motivate research to enable longer-term high-priority improvements.

Significance Statement
Tropical cyclones pose significant risks to coastal and inland U.S. populations. This project aims to improve creation, communication, and use of tropical cyclone forecast and warning information by studying broadcast meteorologists’ and emergency managers’ information needs for decision-making during different phases of tropical cyclone threats. We identify several priority areas for improvement, including advancing longer-lead-time storm surge forecast communication, enhancing dissemination of forecast updates, and increasing use of concise text highlights. Additional findings include the importance of locally interpretable forecast information, the value of human forecasters in weather risk communication, and the need for iterative, user-informed forecast product development. These findings can help NOAA and the research community improve forecast communication and invest in research that facilitates continued improvements.