bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantity and quality of maternal consulting: Associations with adolescents' loneliness and peer victimization
Authors: Low Natalie , Mounts Nina S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of this investigation was to understand the way in which the quantity and quality of maternal consulting are related to adolescents' peer victimization and loneliness and to examine whether these associations were moderated by adolescents' social competence.MethodAn ethnically diverse sample of 70 early adolescents (Mage = 12.39 years; 51.4% girls) and their mothers, living in the United States, completed questionnaires and were video recorded discussing hypothetical peer‐related issues. Quantity of maternal consulting was assessed using adolescents' reports and observers' assessments. Observers' assessments of the quality (e.g., benign interpretation, threatening interpretations, and prosocial strategies) of maternal consulting were also examined.ResultsAnalyses revealed that adolescents' reports of higher quantity of consulting predicted lower levels of peer victimization. Observers' assessments of higher quantity of maternal consulting were related to higher levels of peer victimization. More frequent threatening interpretations by mothers were related to higher levels of peer victimization. More frequent benign interpretations by mothers were related to higher levels of loneliness. However, higher use of prosocial strategies by mothers were related to lower levels of loneliness. Social competence moderated the direct associations such that contrasting patterns of results emerged for the adolescents' reports of consulting versus the observers' reports of consulting.ConclusionFindings shed light on the way in which quantity and quality of maternal consulting differentially predicts adolescents' peer victimization and loneliness.
Biomimetic development of chitosan and sodium alginate‐based nanocomposites contains zirconia for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Shanmugam Balu Kolathupalayam , Rangaraj Suriyaprabha , Subramani Karthik , Srinivasan Surendhiran , Kandhasamy Narthana , Arumugam Karthik , Periyasamy Manojkumar , Aicher Wilhelm K. , Venkatachalam Rajendran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanostructured materials possess unique structural and functional properties that play a crucial position in tissue engineering applications. Present investigation is aimed to synthesize chitosan–sodium alginate (CS) nanocomposite using hydrothermally prepared zirconia nanoparticles. In this, three different weight percentages of (0.5, 1, and 1.5) zirconia nanoparticles are utilized for the preparation of biomimetic nanocomposite scaffolds (CSZ) employing 4 wt% of CS by a solvent casting technique. Physico‐chemical and thermal behavior of the prepared nanoparticles and their CSZ scaffolds are comprehensively characterized. Bioactivity of the prepared zirconia nanoparticles and CSZ scaffolds are explored in terms of in vitro biocompatibility, protein absorption in simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Agar disc diffusion method is employed to identify the antibacterial property againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. In vitro cytotoxicity of zirconia nanoparticles and CSZ scaffolds is identified against human urothelial carcinoma (UC6) and osteosarcoma (MG‐63) cells. These studies explore that zirconia nanoparticles are suitable for biomedical applications while it is interacted with chitosan and sodium alginate (CS) due to their promising biocompatibility. Biomimetically obtained chitosan/sodium alginate scaffold contain 1 wt% zirconia nanoparticles show higher biocompatibility amenable for tissue engineering applications.
Arglabin regulates microglia polarization to relieve neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yang Yi , Guo Li , Wang Jin , Li WenYan , Zhou Xiaohong , Zhang Caiqun , Han Chenyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArglabin (Arg) is a derivative of parthenolide. At present, there are few reports on the pharmacological effects and targets of Arg. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between Arg and NF‐κB (P50) and the intervention effects of Arg on neuroinflammation. BV2 cells were cultured in vitro. LPS/IFN‐γ was used to induce M1 polarization. After Arg intervention, the cytokine expression of M1 and M2 cell marker was detected, the expression of CD86 was detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, the levels of P50 and p‐P50 were detected by Western blot and the expression of ROS was by DCFH‐DA. AfterP50 knockout, we investigated the effect of P50 on the polarization of BV2 cells. Four‐month‐old APP/PS1 (AD) mice were treated with Arg by intragastric administration, followed by detection of the expression of CD86, CD206, and IBA‐1 by IF staining, Finally, molecular‐protein docking and Pull‐down assays were used to validate the targeted binding relationship between P50 and Arg. Arg could inhibit the M1 polarization of BV2 cells, decrease the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, and IL‐12, and simultaneously inhibit the expression of P50 and p‐P50. P50 knockout could inhibit the M1 polarization of BV2 cells, and P50 played an important role in the polarization of BV2 cells. Molecular docking and pull‐down assays revealed that Arg and P50 had a targeted binding relationship. Animal experiments showed that Arg could regulate the polarization level of M1‐M2 cells, increase the proportion of M2 cells, decrease the degree of nerve injury and suppress the expression of P50 and p‐P50. In this study, we found that Arg could target P50 to regulate reprogramming of BV2 cells, inhibit M1 polarization, and increase the level of M2 cells, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.
Stigmatization of people diagnosed with a mental disorder in secondary mental health centers in Chile: An ethnographic study
Authors: Jara‐Ogeda Romina , Leyton Daniela , Grandón Pamela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo understand how stigmatization of people diagnosed with a mental disorder occurs in secondary mental healthcare staff in mental healthcare centers in Chile was the objective of the study. A descriptive qualitative and interpretative design with an ethnographic approach was used. Participants' observations, ethnographic, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with professionals at three secondary mental health centers. Qualitative descriptive and interpretative content analysis was used. Stigmatization of users is shaping up in their trajectory in the health center. Identity changes from person to “patient,” which generates dependence on the expert role of healthcare professionals. Stigma is expressed in the interactions between a health institution, a professional team, and a user, reproducing power and control relationships associated with the biomedical model and reinforcing a cycle of chronification in the user. Health teams are stressed by discrepancies between the current mental health policy and the user's biomedical understanding.
Visual interpretation of panoramic radiographs in dental students using eye‐tracking technology
Authors: Gnanasekaran FelsyPremila , Nirmal Latha , P Sujitha , R Bhavyaa , MS Muthu , Cho Vanessa Y , King Nigel M , Anthonappa Robert P 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWhile eye‐tracking technology is a validated tool in the field of education it is still in its infancy in the field of Pediatric Dentistry. The primary aim of this study was to determine dental undergraduates’ search patterns and visual fixations while viewing panoramic radiographs (PR) using an eye‐tracker. The secondary aim was to decide on the potential opportunities to enhance teaching‐learning strategies when studying these radiographs.MethodsSixty‐five dental undergraduates in the final year of their dental education consented to and participated in this study. A Tobii Pro Nano screen‐based eye‐tracking camera was mounted to the lower edge of a laptop with five different PR uploaded onto the Tobii Studio software. Regions of Interest (ROIs) were pre‐determined for the five PR. The participants (17 males and 48 females) viewed all the PR images with no time restrictions and a “think‐aloud” protocol was exercised.ResultsThe average view time for the PR was 245.58 ± 106.7 s. Participants spent significantly less time examining the surrounding structures (14.85 s) than the dentitions (primary: 97.58 s and permanent: 37.58 s). Males demonstrated a slightly higher view time (290.88 ± 97.7 s) than females (229.53 ± 106.05 s).ConclusionsThe results revealed that though the participants focused on the ROI, most of them failed to make the correct diagnosis. In addition, the search patterns of the participants unveiled no sequential viewing of PR. Hence the need to revise the teaching‐learning strategies for the systematic interpretation of PR images in the dental curriculum is warranted.
A bacterial extracellular vesicle‐based intranasal vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild‐type and Delta variants
Authors: Jiang Linglei , Driedonks Tom A.P. , Jong Wouter S.P. , Dhakal Santosh , Bart van den Berg van Saparoea H. , Sitaras Ioannis , Zhou Ruifeng , Caputo Christopher , Littlefield Kirsten , Lowman Maggie , Chen Mengfei , Lima Gabriela , Gololobova Olesia , Smith Barbara , Mahairaki Vasiliki , Riley Richardson M. , Mulka Kathleen R. , Lane Andrew P. , Klein Sabra L. , Pekosz Andrew , Brayton Cory , Mankowski Joseph L. , Luirink Joen , Villano Jason S. , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Current SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines include mRNA‐containing lipid nanoparticles or adenoviral vectors that encode the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoV‐2, inactivated virus, or protein subunits. Despite growing success in worldwide vaccination efforts, additional capabilities may be needed in the future to address issues such as stability and storage requirements, need for vaccine boosters, desirability of different routes of administration, and emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants such as the Delta variant. Here, we present a novel, well‐characterized SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine candidate based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of Salmonella typhimurium that are decorated with the mammalian cell culture‐derived Spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD). RBD‐conjugated outer membrane vesicles (RBD‐OMVs) were used to immunize the golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of COVID‐19. Intranasal immunization resulted in high titres of blood anti‐RBD IgG as well as detectable mucosal responses. Neutralizing antibody activity against wild‐type and Delta variants was evident in all vaccinated subjects. Upon challenge with live virus, hamsters immunized with RBD‐OMV, but not animals immunized with unconjugated OMVs or a vehicle control, avoided body mass loss, had lower virus titres in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and experienced less severe lung pathology. Our results emphasize the value and versatility of OMV‐based vaccine approaches.
Distinguishing functional exosomes and other extracellular vesicles as a nucleic acid cargo by the anion‐exchange method
Authors: Seo Naohiro , Nakamura Junko , Kaneda Tsuguhiro , Tateno Hiroaki , Shimoda Asako , Ichiki Takanori , Furukawa Koichi , Hirabayashi Jun , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Shiku Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of a new large‐scale purification protocol is required for research on the reliable bioactivity and drug discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs). To address this issue, herein, we propose an effective method for preparing high‐performance exosomes (EXOs) by using an anion‐exchange method. Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) EVs from 4 L of culture supernatant through a 220 nm cut‐off filter are divided into two populations at a deproteinization rate of over 99.97%, which are eluted at low (0.15 M–0.3 M) and high (0.3 M–0.5 M) NaCl concentrations (approximately 2 × 1012 and 1.5 × 1012 particles, respectively) through the anion‐exchange column chromatography. The former are abundant in EXO proteins, including late endosome‐associated proteins and rab‐family and integrin‐family proteins, and functional micro (mi) RNAs, and have bioactivity for preventing tumour metastasis by depleting mesenchymal cell populations in the primary tumour lesions. By contrast, the latter is microvesicle (MV)‐like particles including DNA, core histone and ribosomal proteins, and GC‐rich miRNAs with unknown function, and are easily phagocytosed by mannose receptor+ Kupffer cells. Thus, the anion‐exchange method is suitable for the large‐scale separation of bioactive EXOs and MV‐like EVs as a cargo for dangerous nucleic acids at high‐purity.
When the eyewitness to a crime is an English language learner: Identifying and resolving troubles in understanding in interviews
Authors: Allison Meredith , Gerwing Jennifer , Gadaire Cecily B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvestigative interviewing can be a difficult task. Challenges may be exacerbated when interviewing English language learners. The field of eyewitness testimony lacks research on what troubles of understanding are generated by non‐native speakers and how these troubles are resolved. Thus, we undertook an exploratory study in which we aimed to provide definitions for identifying and characterising both troubles of understanding and resolutions. Data were simulated interviews between 17 dyads of native English‐speaking student‐interviewers and English language learner witnesses of a mock crime. We identified misunderstandings in each interaction and tracked who misunderstood, when the misunderstanding occurred (free/cued recall), whether it was resolved, and resolution strategies. We validated video analysis by checking for information consistency in the subsequent interviewer notes. Across dyads, 40 misunderstandings were found, with at least one in each interview. Witnesses misunderstood significantly more in the cued recall portion of the interview, while interviewers misunderstood more during free recall. Notably, participants resolved misunderstandings more often than not, used a variety of resolution strategies, and employed more strategies in unresolved instances. Interviewer notes confirmed our resolution analysis in 39/40 instances. The results suggest that the interviewers used creativity, flexibility, and a repertoire of different strategies when misunderstandings occurred.
Factors associated with dexamethasone efficacy in COVID‐19. A retrospective investigative cohort study
Authors: Arcani Robin , Cauchois Raphaël , Suchon Pierre , Jean Rodolphe , Jarrot Pierre‐André , Gomes De Pinho Quentin , Dalmas Jean‐Baptiste , Jean Estelle , Andre Baptiste , Veit Véronique , Koubi Marie , Kaplanski Gilles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDexamethasone has demonstrated efficacy in reducing mortality in COVID‐19. However, its practical use is badly defined. We aimed to investigate factors associated with dexamethasone efficacy in real life. Our retrospective study was conducted in two university hospitals between September and November 2020 and included all the consecutive hospitalized patients with a laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection assessed by RT‐PCR, treated with intravenous dexamethasone (6 mg/day). Among 111 patients, 10.6% necessitated a transfer into the intensive care unit (ICU) and the 28‐day mortality rate was 17.1%. The 28‐day mortality rate was significantly lower in patients who demonstrated improvement at 48 h (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–0.78, p = 0.02) and 96 h (HR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.31, p = 0.0005) after dexamethasone initiation. Apart from well‐known risk factors (age, hypertension, active cancer, severe lesions on chest computed tomography [CT] scan), we found that a high viral load in nasopharyngeal swab (Cycle threshold <30) at dexamethasone initiation was associated with higher 28‐day mortality (66.6% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.03). Patients who did not receive antibiotics at dexamethasone initiation had a higher rate of transfer into the ICU (55.6% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.045) with a trend towards higher mortality in case of severe or critical lesions on CT scan (75.0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.053). Patients who did not improve within 2–4 days after steroid initiation have a bad prognosis and should receive additional anti‐inflammatory drugs. Our data suggest better efficacy of dexamethasone in patients with a low or negative viral load, receiving broad‐spectrum antibiotics.
SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level
Authors: Chavda Vivek P. , Patel Aayushi B. , Vaghasiya Darsh D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic have evolved. Viral variants may evolve with harmful susceptibility to the immunity established with the existing COVID‐19 vaccination. These variants are more transmissible, induce relatively extreme illness, have evasive immunological features, decrease neutralization using antibodies from vaccinated persons, and are more susceptible to re‐infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations as variants of interest (VOI), variants of concern (VOC), and variants of high consequence (VOHC). At the moment, four VOC and many variants of interest have been defined and require constant observation. This review article summarizes various variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 surfaced with special emphasis on VOCs that are spreading across the world, as well as several viral mutational impacts and how these modifications alter the properties of the virus.
Metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics reveals the changes during developmental stages in Shiraia bambusicola
Authors: Ren Xiyi , Tian Bing , Wang Luo , Tan Yumei , Huang Yonghui , Jiang Xuanli , Liu Yongxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShiraia bambusicola is a fungus with high economic value widely used in medicine, agriculture, and food. We wished to understand the genes and metabolites changes involved in the different developmental stages of S. bambusicola. So, to reveal key genes and metabolites in the main active metabolite, the were analyzed in different developmental stages of S. bambusicola fruiting body. A total of 29,137 Unigenes were annotated. In the whole growth process, differentially expressed genes were involved in the pathways of cytochrome P450, transcription factors, transporters, and so on, while in the early stage of growth, genes enriching to synthesis pathways of basic substances. In the middle stage of growth, genes with more prominent changes were involved in the pathways of the cell cycle, cancer mechanisms, and aminobenzoate degradation; in the later stage of growth, differentially expressed genes that enriched synthesis pathways of secondary metabolites. A total of 612 metabolites were detected from different growth stages of S. bambusicola. Among them, coumarins, alkaloids, rutin, liquiritigenin, quercetin, and other medically relevant metabolites were detected for the first time. We have identified 31 secondary metabolites, relevantly only accumulated in the early and middle stage, but not detected in the later stage, such as flavonols, coumarins, nucleotides and its derivates and hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives. The differential genes and metabolites of the same group were enriched in 127 pathways, and more significantly in ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The correlation networks of several significantly enriched pathways were analyzed, and the relationships within and between these pathways, genes, and metabolites, were analyzed. The synthetic pathway of hypocrellin has been speculated upon. We believe that hypocrellin is synthesized in S. bambusicola via the shikimic acid pathway followed by phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, then the ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis pathway, and finally a series of polymerization and modification reactions. Several genes and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of hypocrellin have been identified. This study provides a reference for further research on S. bambusicola, by providing a basis for its use and development.
The role of disrupted iron homeostasis in the development and progression of arthropathy
Authors: Karim Asima , Bajbouj Khuloud , Qaisar Rizwan , Hall Andrew C. , Hamad Mawieh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArthropathy or joint disease leads to significant pain and disability irrespective of etiology. Clinical and experimental evidence point to the presence of considerable links between arthropathy and iron overload. Previous work has suggested that iron accumulation in the joints is often associated with increased oxidative stress, disrupted matrix metabolism, and cartilage degeneration. However, key issues regarding the role of iron overload in the pathogenesis of arthropathy remain ambiguous. For example, significant gaps in our knowledge of the primary cellular targets of iron overload‐induced damage and the exact molecular mechanism through which disrupted iron homeostasis leads to joint damage still exist. The exact signaling pathway that links iron metabolism and cellular damage in arthropathy also remains largely unmapped. In this review, we focus on the relationship between iron overload and arthropathy with special emphasis on the adversarial relationship between iron that accumulates in the joints over time and cartilage homeostasis. A better understanding of the mechanisms and pathways underlying iron‐induced cartilage degeneration may help in defining new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in arthropathy.
Statistical shape model of the talus bone morphology: A comparison between impinged and nonimpinged ankles
Authors: Arbabi Saeed , Seevinck Peter , Weinans Harrie , de Jong Pim A. , Sturkenboom Joran , van Hamersvelt Robbert W. , Foppen Wouter , Arbabi Vahid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiagnosis of ankle impingement is performed primarily by clinical examination, whereas medical imaging is used for severity staging and treatment guidance. The association of impingement symptoms with regional three‐dimensional (3D) bone shape variaties visible in medical images has not been systematically explored, nor do we know the type and magnitude of this relation. In this cross‐sectional case‐control study, we hypothesized that 3D talus bone shape could be used to quantitatively formulate the discriminating shape variations between ankles with impingement from ankles without impingement, and we aimed to characterize and quantify these variations. We used statistical shape modeling (SSM) methods to determine the most prevalent modes of shape variations that discriminate between the impinged and nonimpinged ankles. Results of the compactness and parallel analysis test on the statistical shape model identify 8 prominent shape modes of variations (MoVs) representing approximately 78% of the total 3D variations in the population of shapes, among which two modes captured discriminating features between impinged and nonimpinged ankles (p value of 0.023 and 0.042). Visual inspection confirms that these two shape modes, capturing abnormalities in the anterior and posterior parts of talus, represent the two main bony risk factors in anterior and posterior ankle impingement. In conclusion, in this research using SSM we have identified shape MoVs that were found to correlate significantly with bony ankle impingement. We also illustrated potential guidance from SSMs for surgical planning.