bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasiparticle tunneling as a probe of Josephson junction barrier and capacitor material in superconducting qubits
Authors: Kurter C. , Murray C. E. , Gordon R. T. , Wymore B. B. , Sandberg M. , Shelby R. M. , Eddins A. , Adiga V. P. , Finck A. D. K. , Rivera E. , Stabile A. A. , Trimm B. , Wacaser B. , Balakrishnan K. , Pyzyna A. , Sleight J. , Steffen M. , Rodbell K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon-equilibrium quasiparticles are possible sources for decoherence in superconducting qubits because they can lead to energy decay or dephasing upon tunneling across Josephson junctions (JJs). Here, we investigate the impact of the intrinsic properties of two-dimensional transmon qubits on quasiparticle tunneling (QPT) and discuss how we can use quasiparticle dynamics to gain critical information about the quality of JJ barrier. We find the tunneling rate of the non-equilibrium quasiparticles to be sensitive to the choice of the shunting capacitor material and their geometry in qubits. In some devices, we observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the QPT rate below 100 mK that deviates from a constant background associated with non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We speculate that this behavior is caused by high transmission sites/defects within the oxide barriers of the JJs, leading to spatially localized subgap states. We model this by assuming that such defects generate regions with a smaller effective gap. Our results present a unique in situ characterization tool to assess the uniformity of tunnel barriers in qubit junctions and shed light on how quasiparticles can interact with various elements of the qubit circuit.
Early visual processing and adaptation as markers of disease, not vulnerability: EEG evidence from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a population at high risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Francisco Ana A. , Foxe John J. , Horsthuis Douwe J. , Molholm Sophie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), a condition characterized by an increased risk for schizophrenia. Visual processing differences have been described in schizophrenia but remain understudied early in the disease course. Electrophysiology was recorded during a visual adaptation task with different interstimulus intervals to investigate visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2DS (with (22q+) and without (22q−) psychotic symptoms), compared to control and idiopathic schizophrenia groups. Analyses focused on early windows of visual processing. While increased amplitudes were observed in 22q11.2DS in an earlier time window (90–140 ms), decreased responses were seen later (165–205 ms) in schizophrenia and 22q+. 22q11.2DS, and particularly 22q−, presented increased adaptation effects. We argue that while amplitude and adaptation in the earlier time window may reflect specific neurogenetic aspects associated with a deletion in chromosome 22, amplitude in the later window may be a marker of the presence of psychosis and/or of its chronicity/severity.
Screening for modulators of the cellular composition of gut epithelia via organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mead Benjamin E. , Hattori Kazuki , Levy Lauren , Imada Shinya , Goto Norihiro , Vukovic Marko , Sze Daphne , Kummerlowe Conner , Matute Juan D. , Duan Jinzhi , Langer Robert , Blumberg Richard S. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Karp Jeffrey M. , Shalek Alex K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cellular composition of barrier epithelia is essential to organismal homoeostasis. In particular, within the small intestine, adult stem cells establish tissue cellularity, and may provide a means to control the abundance and quality of specialized epithelial cells. Yet, methods for the identification of biological targets regulating epithelial composition and function, and of small molecules modulating them, are lacking. Here we show that druggable biological targets and small-molecule regulators of intestinal stem cell differentiation can be identified via multiplexed phenotypic screening using thousands of miniaturized organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells, and validated via longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing. We found that inhibitors of the nuclear exporter Exportin 1 modulate the fate of intestinal stem cells, independently of known differentiation cues, significantly increasing the abundance of Paneth cells in the organoids and in wild-type mice. Physiological organoid models of the differentiation of intestinal stem cells could find broader utility for the screening of biological targets and small molecules that can modulate the composition and function of other barrier epithelia.
Microbial communities form rich extracellular metabolomes that foster metabolic interactions and promote drug tolerance
Authors: Yu Jason S. L. , Correia-Melo Clara , Zorrilla Francisco , Herrera-Dominguez Lucia , Wu Mary Y. , Hartl Johannes , Campbell Kate , Blasche Sonja , Kreidl Marco , Egger Anna-Sophia , Messner Christoph B. , Demichev Vadim , Freiwald Anja , Mülleder Michael , Howell Michael , Berman Judith , Patil Kiran R. , Alam Mohammad Tauqeer , Ralser Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities are composed of cells of varying metabolic capacity, and regularly include auxotrophs that lack essential metabolic pathways. Through analysis of auxotrophs for amino acid biosynthesis pathways in microbiome data derived from >12,000 natural microbial communities obtained as part of the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP), and study of auxotrophic–prototrophic interactions in self-establishing metabolically cooperating yeast communities (SeMeCos), we reveal a metabolically imprinted mechanism that links the presence of auxotrophs to an increase in metabolic interactions and gains in antimicrobial drug tolerance. As a consequence of the metabolic adaptations necessary to uptake specific metabolites, auxotrophs obtain altered metabolic flux distributions, export more metabolites and, in this way, enrich community environments in metabolites. Moreover, increased efflux activities reduce intracellular drug concentrations, allowing cells to grow in the presence of drug levels above minimal inhibitory concentrations. For example, we show that the antifungal action of azoles is greatly diminished in yeast cells that uptake metabolites from a metabolically enriched environment. Our results hence provide a mechanism that explains why cells are more robust to drug exposure when they interact metabolically.
Open multimodal iEEG-fMRI dataset from naturalistic stimulation with a short audiovisual film
Authors: Berezutskaya Julia , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Piantoni Giovanni , Branco Mariana P. , Ramsey Nick F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntracranial human recordings are a valuable and rare resource of information about the brain. Making such data publicly available not only helps tackle reproducibility issues in science, it helps make more use of these valuable data. This is especially true for data collected using naturalistic tasks. Here, we describe a dataset collected from a large group of human subjects while they watched a short audiovisual film. The dataset has several unique features. First, it includes a large amount of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data (51 participants, age range of 5–55 years, who all performed the same task). Second, it includes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings (30 participants, age range of 7–47) during the same task. Eighteen participants performed both iEEG and fMRI versions of the task, non-simultaneously. Third, the data were acquired using a rich audiovisual stimulus, for which we provide detailed speech and video annotations. This dataset can be used to study neural mechanisms of multimodal perception and language comprehension, and similarity of neural signals across brain recording modalities.
Temperature dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient in 4H-SiC and GaN slabs at the wavelength of 1550 nm
Authors: Rao Sandro , Mallemace Elisa D. , Cocorullo Giuseppe , Faggio Giuliana , Messina Giacomo , Della Corte Francesco G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe refractive index and its variation with temperature, i.e. the thermo-optic coefficient, are basic optical parameters for all those semiconductors that are used in the fabrication of linear and non-linear opto-electronic devices and systems. Recently, 4H single-crystal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) have emerged as excellent building materials for high power and high-temperature electronics, and wide parallel applications in photonics can be consequently forecasted in the near future, in particular in the infrared telecommunication band of λ = 1500–1600 nm. In this paper, the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) is experimentally measured in 4H-SiC and GaN substrates, from room temperature to 480 K, at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Specifically, the substrates, forming natural Fabry–Perot etalons, are exploited within a simple hybrid fiber free-space optical interferometric system to take accurate measurements of the transmitted optical power in the said temperature range. It is found that, for both semiconductors, dn/dT is itself remarkably temperature-dependent, in particular quadratically for GaN and almost linearly for 4H-SiC.
Identifying conservation technology needs, barriers, and opportunities
Authors: Hahn Nathan R. , Bombaci Sara P. , Wittemyer George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmid accelerating threats to species and ecosystems, technology advancements to monitor, protect, and conserve biodiversity have taken on increased importance. While most innovations stem from adaptation of off-the-shelf devices, these tools can fail to meet the specialized needs of conservation and research or lack the support to scale beyond a single site. Despite calls from the conservation community for its importance, a shift to bottom-up innovation driven by conservation professionals remains limited. We surveyed practitioners, academic researchers, and technologists to understand the factors contributing to or inhibiting engagement in the collaborative process of technology development and adoption for field use and identify emerging technology needs. High cost was the main barrier to technology use across occupations, while development of new technologies faced barriers of cost and partner communication. Automated processing of data streams was the largest emerging need, and respondents focused mainly on applications for individual-level monitoring and automated image processing. Cross-discipline collaborations and expanded funding networks that encourage cyclical development and continued technical support are needed to address current limitations and meet the growing need for conservation technologies.
Aerosols generated by high-speed handpiece and ultrasonic unit during endodontic coronal access alluding to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Barros Mirela Cesar , Pedrinha Victor Feliz , Velásquez-Espedilla Evelyn Giuliana , Cuellar Maricel Rosario Cardenas , de Andrade Flaviana Bombarda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo investigate the dispersion and contamination of aerosols generated during coronal access performed by high-speed handpiece and ultrasonic device. To measure the aerosol dispersion, a red dye or an Enterococcus faecalis culture broth inside the bottle of the water system of the dental and ultrasonic unit were used. Bovine extracted teeth were allocated in six groups according to the coronal access: G1: diamond bur in high-speed handpiece (HS) with aspiration (A); G2: ultrasonic (US) inserts with aspiration; G3: combined coronal access with HS and US with aspiration; and G4, G5, and G6 were performed without aspiration (WA). The distance reached by the aerosol with the dye was measured in centimeters, and for environment contamination, agar-plates were arranged at standardized distances for counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The ANOVA followed by the Tukey tests were applied (α = 0.05). The coronal access with HS generated higher aerosol dispersion and contamination, even with simultaneous A (P < 0.05), while US generated less aerosol even WA (P < 0.05). The aspiration did not reduce the aerosol statistically. HS is a great source of aerosols in dental clinic during the coronal access and the use of US device should be encouraged.
Resistance to NaCl salinity is positively correlated with iron and zinc uptake potential of wheat genotypes
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rehman Sadia , Saqib Muhmmad , Amjad Muhammad , Murtaza Behzad , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Chen Yinglong 
Published: March 2022

Context Soil salinity is a serious environmental issue that is drastically reducing crop productivity via limiting the uptake of important micronutrients including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Aims To identify the wheat genotypes with better Fe and Zn uptake potential under saline conditions. Methods The seedlings of eight wheat genotypes (SARC-1, SARC-2, SARC-3, SARC-4, SARC-5, SARC-6, SARC-7 and SARC-8) were exposed to salinity (100 mM NaCl), deficiency of Fe and Zn (one-fourth of the control) and their combination of salinity and deficiency of Fe and Zn, created usingHoagland’s nutrient solution for 28 days. Key Results It was noticed that root and shoot growth of all the genotypes decreased due to salinity and nutrient (Fe and Zn) deficiency, and even higher in their combined treatment. The concentration of Na increased while K decreased under both salinity alone and it's combination with nutrient deficiency. The concentrations and uptake of Fe and Zn greatly decreased in the combinedapplication of salinity and nutrient deficiency followed by nutrient deficiency and saline treatments. Multivariate analysis showed that Na uptake was the major reason for the limited growth and nutrient uptake by wheat genotypes. Conclusions SARC-5 was the most sensitive genotype against salinity and nutrient deficiency. In contrast, SARC-1 was the most tolerant genotype against salinity, whichaccumulated the highest contents of both Fe and Zn. Among the eight genotypes used in the present study, SARC-1 is the most suitable genotype for cultivation on Zn and Fe deficient saline soils. Implications The obtained results would be very helpful for ensuring food security and quality in salt affected areas.
Locatum and location verbs in Italian
Authors: Vietri Simonetta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper I claim that Italianlocationandlocatumverbs constitute two syntactically distinct classes of verbs.Locationverbs are derived from a noun corresponding to a location, and behave similarly tostandardverbs of caused motion.Locatumverbs are derived from a noun corresponding to the located entity, and behave similarly tocroisésverbs. Despite these similarities, the derivational structure oflocatumandlocationverbs has an impact on their syntactic structure. For this reasonlocatumandlocationverbs cannot be included in the classes ofcroisésandstandardverbs, respectively. They deserve a separate classification.
Language policies and organizational features of international organizations
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Ke Yao , Liu Haitao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Language policy, which is directly concerned with organizational operation, functions, and objectives, has become
an increasingly important issue in international organizations (IOs). However, research on IOs’ language policies, especially
exploration based on large-scale data, is rather limited. Using data from the Yearbook of International Organizations
(2020–2021), this study explores how IOs select their languages. It is found that: (1) Federations of IOs and IGOs
are more likely to choose languages other than English, whereas universal membership organizations and NGOs are much more likely
to use English; (2) IOs headquartered in Western countries adopt more diverse languages than those in Asia, and those
headquartered in developed countries are more prone to choose local language(s) than those in developing countries; (3) IOs with a
longer history tend more towards multilingualism; (4) IOs dealing with religion, law, society, transportation, and communication
are more inclined to be multilingual; and (5) IOs with individual members generally choose fewer languages than those with IO
members. These findings reveal that IOs’ language management is shaped not only by internal and external organizational features,
but also by the interactions between these features and language values.
Challenges of trust in atypical interaction
Authors: Lindholm Camilla , Stevanovic Melisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAll effective communication is based on the participants trusting that they share their basic orientations to the world – that is, they have a common ground. In this paper, however, we examine situations in which such trust is lacking. Drawing on conversation–analytic methodology and on 30 hours of video data featuring persons with dementia and their caregivers in a Swedish-language daycare center in Finland, we consider some of the social consequences resulting from a lack of trust. Our analysis focused on three different interactional contexts, highlighting the relevance of different facets of the participants’ common ground. These facets are anchored in the deontic, epistemic, and emotional orders, respectively. We show that, with regard to each order, a lack of trust in the existence of common ground has drastic consequences, leading to (1) problems related to getting one’s will acknowledged, (2) a scarcity of conversational partners, and (3) a lack of resources to maintain affection.
Abnormal exercise adaptation after varying severities of COVID‐19: A controlled cross‐sectional analysis of 392 survivors
Authors: Braga Fabrício , Domecg Fernanda , Kalichsztein Marcelo , Nobre Gustavo , Kezen José , Espinosa Gabriel , Prado Christiane , Facio Marcelo , Moraes Gabriel , Gottlieb Ilan , Lima Ronaldo L. , Danielian Alfred , Emery Michael S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe multisystem impairment promoted by COVID‐19 may be associated with a reduction in exercise capacity. Cardiopulmonary abnormalities can change across the acute disease severity spectrum. We aimed to verify exercise physiology differences between COVID‐19 survivors and SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve controls and how illness severity influences exercise limitation. A single‐centre cross‐sectional analysis of prospectively collected data from COVID‐19 survivors who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in their recovery phase (x = 50[36;72] days). Patients with COVID‐19 were stratified according to severity as mild [M‐Cov (outpatient)] vs severe/critical [SC‐Cov(inpatients)] and were compared with SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve controls (N‐Cov). Collected information included demographics, anthropometrics, previous physical exercise, comorbidities, lung function test and CPET parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify low aerobic capacity (LAC) predictors post COVID‐19. Of the 702 included patients, 310 (44.2%), 305 (43.4%) and 87 (12.4%) were N‐Cov, M‐Cov and SC‐Cov, respectively. LAC was identified in 115 (37.1%), 102 (33.4%), and 66 (75.9%) of N‐CoV, M‐CoV and SC‐CoV, respectively (p < 0.001). SC‐Cov were older, heavier with higher body fat, more sedentary lifestyle, more hypertension and diabetes, lower forced vital capacity, higher prevalence of early anaerobiosis, ventilatory inefficiency and exercise‐induced hypoxia than N‐Cov. M‐Cov had lower weight, fat mass, and coronary disease prevalence and did not demonstrate more CEPT abnormalities than N‐Cov. After adjustment for covariates, SC‐Cov was an independent predictor of LAC (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.6). Almost two months after disease onset, SC‐CoV presented several exercise abnormalities of oxygen uptake, ventilatory adaptation and gas exchange, including a high prevalence of LAC.Highlights
Weeks after the acute disease phase, one‐third of mild and three‐quarters of severe and critical patients with COVID‐19 presented a reduced aerobic capacity. Previous studies including SARS‐CoV‐1 survivors observed much lower values.
A severe or critical COVID‐19 case was an independent predictor for low aerobic capacity.
In our sample, pre‐COVID‐19 exercise significantly reduced the odds of post‐COVID‐19 low aerobic capacity. Even severe or critical patients who exercised regularly had a prevalence of low aerobic capacity 2.5 times lower than those who did not have this routine before sickening.
Evaluation of gas production kinetics from phyllode and acacia plant (Acacia mangium) pod through fermentation by in vitro gas test
Authors: Kusuma J W , Tuti I N , Handayanta E , Hanifah A , Sudiyono  , Hadi R F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate feed from phyllodes and the pod of acacia plants (Acacia mangium) as an eco-friendly feed source for livestock by in-vitro gas test. It was conducted using total gas production, gas production from soluble and insoluble but fermentable fraction, the reaction rate of gas formation, and the maximum gas production that can be formed during the fermentation process. The type of plant used was Acacia mangium which is taken from the pod and phyllode. In this study, P0 was used as standard, P1 as phyllode of Acacia mangium, and P2 as the pod of Acacia mangium with 48 hours incubation. The in-vitro gas test method was used to determine the gas production from the pod and phyllode of the acacia plant. The results showed that the gas production in the phyllode and pod of acacia plants decreased (P<0.001), which was mostly from the pod of the acacia plant. Therefore, it is concluded that the phyllode and pod of the acacia plant have a significant effect on the decrease in gas production. This showed that acacia plants have the potential to be used as animal feed to reduce rumen gas production.
Producing feed protein by bioconversion of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae
Authors: Yuwono A S , Permana I G , Syahril A M , Br Sembiring H A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The bioconversion of organic solid waste utilizing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae was used to reduce the unstable domestic supply of feed protein in Indonesia due to currency change dynamics. BSF larvae are a well-known bioconversion agent capable of producing high protein content in their body mass. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a small-scale bioconversion process of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes to produce dry BSF larvae as a protein source for chicken and fish culture. The research was held at Bogor, Indonesia, from March-June 2021, where organic solid waste from a restaurant was bioconverted by BSF larvae in a biopond. After two weeks, the BSF larvae were harvested, dried, and milled to produce the powder. Based on SNI 7548:2009, the quality of pellets from BSF larvae and pupae was appropriate, except for the parameters of fat content in pellet A and water and ash content in pellet B. The results showed that fish pellets mixed with 20% protein flour affected the weight growth of Pangasius sp. Furthermore, when dried BSF larvae powder was applied to one-day-old chickens, they grew somewhat quicker than the standard feed menu. Therefore, organic solid waste, when appropriately managed, produces feed protein.