bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Archimedean indifferent components of rational functions that are not disks
Authors: Nopal-Coello Víctor 
Published: May 2022

Consider a rational function of degree

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

acting on the Berkovich projective line of a complete and algebraically closed non-archimedean field. Rivera-Letelier has asked if a rational function in this setting can have infinitely many cycles of indifferent components that are not disks, and if not, if there exists a bound in terms of the degree of the function. In this work we show that for

d
=
2

d=2

the bound is

d
−
1

d-1

. By imposing an extra condition on the residue field and a connectivity requirement on the cycles of indifferent components that are not disks, the bound

d
−
1

d-1

is also achieved when

d
≥
3

d\geq 3

. To ensure that the bound is realized, we describe how to construct a rational function of degree

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

with exactly

d
−
1

d-1

cycles of indifferent components that are not disks.
CUPID Lip Lift: Advanced Lip Design Using the Deep Plane Upper Lip Lift and Simplified Corner Lift
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Pearlman Steven J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Upper lip lift is achieved with a variety of techniques but many questions remain about the benefits and drawbacks of each technique. The CUPID deep plane or modified upper lip lift procedure has recently been introduced to help mitigate risk and optimize outcomes.

Objectives
The aims of this study were: (1) to better characterize and simplify the complex and artistic decision-making process involved in upper lip lift and corner lip lift; (2) to present a mathematical guide to maintain the natural balance of the upper lip, optimizing muscle function, and to indicate when to add a corner lift; and (3) to elucidate design elements, aging, and future treatment considerations.

Methods
A PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) search was performed in October 2021 for all journal articles published on upper lip lift and corner lip lifts. The search covered from 1950 to the present day in all languages and without exclusion criteria. Outcomes and the evolution of deep plane upper lip lift design over the last 6 years were analyzed.

Results
By following the patterns demonstrated in over 2440 consecutive lip lifts, the authors have been better able to understand the nuances involved in proper design that will avoid acceleration of aging and exaggeration of appearance, and reduce the need for revision while maximizing results.

Conclusions
Upper lip lift design is more complex than most practitioners realize. The mathematical concept described herein makes it possible to obtain more aesthetically pleasing and consistent outcomes. This novel approach to lip lift design enables the practitioner to improve lip balance, facial harmony, and tooth show, and obtain adequate exposure of the lateral vermillion.

Level of Evidence: 4
SPRISS: approximating frequentk-mers by sampling reads, and applications
Authors: Santoro Diego , Pellegrina Leonardo , Comin Matteo , Vandin Fabio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationThe extraction of k-mers is a fundamental component in many complex analyses of large next-generation sequencing datasets, including reads classification in genomics and the characterization of RNA-seq datasets. The extraction of all k-mers and their frequencies is extremely demanding in terms of running time and memory, owing to the size of the data and to the exponential number of k-mers to be considered. However, in several applications, only frequent k-mers, which are k-mers appearing in a relatively high proportion of the data, are required by the analysis.ResultsIn this work, we present SPRISS, a new efficient algorithm to approximate frequent k-mers and their frequencies in next-generation sequencing data. SPRISS uses a simple yet powerful reads sampling scheme, which allows to extract a representative subset of the dataset that can be used, in combination with any k-mer counting algorithm, to perform downstream analyses in a fraction of the time required by the analysis of the whole data, while obtaining comparable answers. Our extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of SPRISS in approximating frequent k-mers, and shows that it can be used in various scenarios, such as the comparison of metagenomic datasets, the identification of discriminative k-mers, and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping, to extract insights in a fraction of the time required by the analysis of the whole dataset.Availability and implementationSPRISS [a preliminary version (Santoro et al., 2021) of this work was presented at RECOMB 2021] is available at https://github.com/VandinLab/SPRISS.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Startups and employment following the COVID-19 pandemic: a calculator
Authors: Benedetti-Fasil Cristiana , Sedláček Petr , Sterk Vincent 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Early indicators suggest that startup activity across countries is heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns. At the same time, empirical evidence has shown that such disturbances may have long-lasting effects on aggregate employment. This paper presents a calculator which can be used to compute these effects under different scenarios regarding (i) the number of startups, (ii) the growth potential of startups and (iii) the survival rate of young firms. We apply our calculator to the United States and four European countries: France, Germany, Italy and Spain. We find that employment losses can be substantial and last for more than a decade, even when the assumed slump in startup activity is only short-lived. Almost half of the long-run losses is caused by fewer high-growth firms, ‘gazelles’, starting up during the pandemic. Our results also suggest that the long-run effects of the pandemic may vary across countries substantially with Germany possibly being shielded due to its low business dynamism.
Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Pathways to Memory Performance in Mid to Late Adulthood: What Matters Most?
Authors: Ford Katherine J , Kobayashi Lindsay C , Leist Anja K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is consistently associated with lower cognitive function in later life. This study aims to distinguish the contribution of specific aspects of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage for memory performance in mid to late adulthood, with consideration for direct and indirect effects through education and occupation.

Methods
Data were from adults aged 50 to 80 years who completed the life history module in the 2006/2007 wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 4,553). The outcome, memory score, was based on word recall tests (range: 0–20 points). We used the g-formula to estimate direct and indirect effects of a composite variable for childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and its 4 individual components: lower-skilled occupation of the primary breadwinner, having few books in the home, overcrowding in the home, and lack of water and heating facilities in the home.

Results
Few books were the most consequential component of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage for later-life memory (total effect: −0.82 points for few books; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.04, −0.60), with roughly half being a direct effect. The total effect of a breadwinner in lower-skilled occupations was smaller but not significantly different from a few books (−0.67 points; 95% CI: −0.88, −0.46), while it was significantly smaller with overcrowding (−0.31 points; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06). The latter 2 total effects were mostly mediated by education and occupation.

Discussion
A literate environment in the childhood home may have lasting direct effects on memory function in mid to later life, while parental occupation and overcrowding appear to influence memory primarily through educational and occupational pathways.
Most Common Refusals of Personal Care in Advanced Dementia: Psychometric Properties of the Refusal of Care Informant Scale
Authors: Backhouse Tamara , Khondoker Mizanur , Killett Anne , Mioshi Eneida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRefusals of care in dementia can be a source of distress for people with dementia and their caregivers. Informant-based measures to examine refusals of care are limited and often measure other behaviors such as agitation. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the newly developed, 14-item, Refusal of Care Informant Scale (RoCIS) and then use the scale to verify the most common refusal behaviors.Research Design and MethodsData from 129 dyads were analyzed. Dyad was defined as a person with advanced dementia either living in a care home or supported in their own home and their caregiver. Data about the person with dementia were gathered using informant-based questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the RoCIS were investigated using Rasch analysis to determine validity and reliability.ResultsFollowing Rasch analysis, the item “upset” was removed from the RoCIS. The reduced 13-item RoCIS is unidimensional and achieved a reliability index of 0.85 (Cronbach’s alpha 0.88). Sixty-eight percent of people with dementia had refused care in the last month, with “verbally refused” the most common type of refusal behavior. People in the “very severe/profound” stage of dementia showed more refusal behaviors than those in the “severe” stage.Discussion and ImplicationsResults provide initial evidence that the RoCIS is a valid and reliable informant-based scale measuring refusals of care in advanced dementia. Results indicate a need to develop new approaches and techniques to make assistance with personal care more acceptable to people with dementia.
F-Box Protein 11 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Aerobic Glycolysis in Glioblastomas by Mediating the Ubiquitin Degradation of Cdc25A
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Xi , Zhang Li , Liu Jiaxiu , Li Chunmei , Zhao Jinxi , Pu Jun , Tang Peipei , Liu Bolin , Huang Xiaobin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant CNS tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. F-box protein 11 (FBXO11) has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and participates in the pathogenesis of multiple tumors but the role and mechanism of FBXO11 activity in glioblastoma remain unknown. In this study, FBXO11 was first observed to be downregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and colony formation assays and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that overexpression of FBXO11 suppressed proliferation and aerobic glycolysis and induced cell cycle arrest in U251-MG and A172 cells. FBXO1 decreased cell division cycle 25 A (Cdc25A) expression through ubiquitin degradation in a coprecipitation assay. A Western blot assay validated FBXO11 suppression of PKM2 dephosphorylation and c-Myc-mediated aerobic glycolysis via reduction of Cdc25A. In addition, a rescue experiment revealed that FBXO11 suppressed proliferation and aerobic glycolysis, both of which were reversed by overexpression of Cdc25A. FBXO11 overexpression also inhibited tumorigenesis via suppressing Cdc25A expression in vivo. These findings indicate that FBXO11 suppresses cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis in glioblastomas by mediating the ubiquitin degradation of Cdc25A thereby providing insight into mechanisms of glioblastoma tumorigenesis and identifying a new potential therapeutic strategy.
Usefulness of urinary biomarkers to estimate the interstitial fibrosis surface in diabetic nephropathy with normal kidney function
Authors: González Jorge , Jatem Elias , Roig Jordi , Valtierra Naiara , Ostos Elena , Abó Anabel , Santacana Maria , García Alicia , Segarra Alfons 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Kidney biopsies of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and normal kidney function may exhibit interstitial fibrosis (IF) without reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because of hyperfiltration. The aim of our study was to analyse the performance of a set of biomarkers of tubular injury to estimate the extent of IF in patients with DN and normal kidney function.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 118 adults with DN diagnosed by kidney biopsy and GFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a control group of healthy subjects. We measured the urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), β2-microglobulin and dickkopf-3 protein (DKK-3) at the time of kidney biopsy. GFR was measured by chromium-51 labeled ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) (measured GFR). IF was quantified using a quantitative morphometric procedure. Predictive multivariate models were developed to estimate the IF surface.

Results
Patients with DN showed significantly higher levels of DKK-3, MCP-1 and L-FABP and significantly lower levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) than healthy controls. There were no significant between-group differences in the levels of β2-microglobulin, KIM-1 or NGAL. IF was negatively associated with EGF and positively with age, proteinuria, MCP-1, DKK-3 and L-FABP, but not with β2-microglobulin, KIM-1, NGAL or GFR. The best model to predict IF surface accounted for 59% of its variability and included age, proteinuria, EGF, DKK-3 and MCP-1.

Conclusions
Our study provides a model to estimate the IF in DN that can be useful to assess the progression of IF in patients with normal kidney function.
Transformation of a Study Abroad Experience Into a Virtual Community Health Clinical
Authors: Lugger Suzanne M. , Koonmen Jamie M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced nursing faculty to transform an international study abroad service-learning course into a virtual community health clinical experience with a global focus. The course was piloted with seven students who would have completed their community health clinical during a short-term immersion trip to Kenya. Clinical assignments were changed to closely mirror the immersion service-learning experience in a virtual environment. Student feedback reflected positive learning outcomes. This transformation has implications for expanding student opportunities in the virtual environment to gain a deeper understanding of global health.
Legacy of the Role of Medicine and Nursing in the Holocaust: An Educational Intervention to Support Nursing Student Professional Identity Formation and Ethical Conduct
Authors: Kruse Julie A. , Wald Hedy S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reflecting on history of medicine and nursing in the Holocaust scaffolds professional identity formation. Students grapple with 1) nurses’ active participation in identifying/killing patients with mental and physical disabilities, camouflaged as “euthanasia” or “mercy killing” of German citizens and others, preceding mass murder of Jews and others at death camps; 2) involvement in unethical, cruel experiments; 3) resistance narratives; and 4) relevance for contemporary nursing. Impact of a seminar/colloquium on historical knowledge and personal/professional relevance included reported increased historical awareness/knowledge and themes of nurse as patient advocate/judicious obedience, importance of ethics/values adherence, and value of art/reflective writing for processing experience.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Professional Athletes
Authors: Hotchkiss William R. , Clavenna Andrew L. , Nimmons Scott J.B. , Dossett Andrew B. 
Published: May 2022

Study Design:
Level III—retrospective study.

Objective:
The aim was to evaluate the effect method of bone grafting and contract status have on outcomes in a cohort of professional athletes treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
The choice of graft-type in ACDF is controversial, with current reports limited to smaller cohorts.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 54 professional athletes treated with single level ACDF for cervical disc herniation, cervical fracture, or transient paraparetic event.

Results:
A case series of professional athletes with ACDF by the senior surgeon were evaluated, 39 with structural iliac crest autograft and 15 with allograft. All autograft patients had confirmed bony fusion, whereas 13/15 allograft patients had a confirmed bony fusion. Each of these players (2/15, 13.3%) was delayed for clearance for return to play by 1 season. In total, 43/50 players (88%) returned to professional play; 25/27 (92.6%) of them “self-employed” and 18/23 (78.2%) “league-contracted.”

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment of cervical pathology in the professional athlete with structural iliac crest autograft results in high union and return to play rates. Use of allograft resulted in a 13.3% increased rate of missing an additional season. Self-employed athletes returned to play 1 season earlier than league-contracted athletes on average.
Not Just a Linear Closure: Aesthetic Flat Closure after Mastectomy
Authors: Morrison Kerry A. , Karp Nolan S. 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Currently, there is an increasing trend in women seeking aesthetic flat closure after mastectomy. To date, there is no plastic surgery literature on specific techniques to achieve an aesthetic flat closure after mastectomy. As plastic surgeons, we need to continue to innovate and to iterate new surgical techniques in our reconstructive armamentarium to address the desires of and to optimize the outcomes for our reconstructive breast surgery patients. Herein, we seek to delineate key considerations and employed techniques for reconstructive plastic surgeons performing aesthetic flat closure after mastectomy. Namely, it is crucial to listen to the patient, and to fully understand the patient’s concerns, wishes, and particular aesthetic desired. From a technical perspective, the key surgical pearls include completely obliterating the inframammary fold, ensuring the same size and flap thickness bilaterally, appropriately de-fatting medially on the chest wall to allow for a smooth contour, obviating any presence of dog ears medially or laterally with precise tissue excision, and confirming that the incisions are entirely symmetric bilaterally. Intraoperatively, it is important to sit these patients up to assess soft tissue re-draping, and to confirm that there are no dog ears nor any excess tissue that could compromise the perfectly flat aesthetic chest closure. With the increasing demand for flat closures after mastectomy, plastic surgeons need to be keen on employing modified surgical techniques to best optimize the desired aesthetic flat closure reconstructions for these patients, as these reconstructions are not simply linear closures.
Efficacy and Safety of Micropulse Transscleral Laser Therapy in Silicone Oil-induced Glaucoma
Authors: Zbiba Walid , Sayadi Sana , Kharrat Malek , Daoued Maroua 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To assess the efficiency and safety of MicroPulse® Transscleral Laser Therapy (TLT) in the management of silicone oil-induced glaucoma.

Methods:
A prospective case series of 33 eyes with uncontrolled silicone oil-induced glaucoma was enrolled at the department of ophthalmology of Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia. Patients were treated with MicroPulse TLT using the IRIDEX Cyclo G6® Glaucoma Laser System with the MicroPulse P3® fiberoptic handheld probe. Patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination during the 12-month follow-up period.

Results:
The study included 33 eyes of 33 patients. The mean age was 50.39 years old. We included patients with silicone oil-induced glaucoma. Silicone oil tamponade was indicated for complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 22 cases, diabetic tractional retinal detachment in 10 cases, and post-traumatic retinal detachment in one case. Silicone oil was already removed before the procedure in 23 eyes. Silicone oil tamponade duration varied between 3 to 26 months. IOP measurements at enrolment, day 1, day 7, day 15, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months was respectively 37.94±13.61, 19.03±10.98, 16.5±6.17, 19.45±9.73, 19.27±8.33, 19.39±9.52, 19.97±10.03 and 19.7±9.58▒mmHg. The percentage of IOP lowering was 45.38% at 6 months and 45% at 12 months. The success rate was 93.93% at 6 months remaining stable at 12 months. No major side effects were observed, in particular, no phthisis bulbi nor prolonged inflammation. There was no difference in IOP lowering between patients with silicone oil or those after silicone oil removal (P=0.99).

Conclusion:
MP-TLT was safe and effectively lowered intraocular pressure in uncontrolled silicone-oil induced glaucoma.
Comparison of the Structure-Function Relationship Between Advanced Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Sung Mi Sun , Ji Yong Sok , Heo Hwan , Park Sang Woo 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The aim was to investigate and compare the characteristics of visual field (VF) defects in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) with advanced glaucomatous damage and to determine whether the structure-function relationships found in advanced glaucoma differ based on their glaucoma classification.

Patients and Methods:
Ninety-seven eyes of 97 patients (59 eyes with POAG and 38 eyes with NTG) with advanced glaucoma were included in this cross-sectional study. Scores at each test point of the 30-2 VF total deviation map were recorded, and average values at each test point were point-wise compared between the groups. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness (total, RNFL, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thickness) were measured. The structure-function relationship based on the map of Garway-Heath was determined and compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
At advanced stage of glaucoma, POAG eyes demonstrated more diffusely distributed VF defects, whereas NTG eyes had more severe VF defects at the superior nasal quadrant, showing increased asymmetry. Overall, peripapillary RNFL, macular ganglion cell layer, and macular inner plexiform layer thickness showed good relationships with 30-2 VF parameters in both groups. However, in total macula and macular RNFL thickness, the structure-function relationships tended to show different characteristics depending on the glaucoma classification; NTG eyes showed overall better relationships.

Conclusions:
In advanced glaucoma, differences in patterns of VF damage were found between POAG and NTG eyes. Conventional peripapillary RNFL and macular measurements showed generally good performance for estimating functional status, particularly in NTG eyes.