bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous chitosan/activated charcoal powder and bead modified in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate for the adsorption of acid blue 25 from an aqueous solution
Authors: Saheed Ismaila Olalekan , Oh Wen‐Da , Latip Ahmad Faiz Abdul , Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA green synthesis approach involving 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate (BmimA) medium was utilised to prepare mesoporous chitosan/activated charcoal composite powder (ChA) and bead (ChB) for the removal of acid blue 25 (AB25) dye from aqueous solution. The composite’s characteristics were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of initial concentration of the dye, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption and the composite’s stability in acidic and basic solutions was also examined.RESULTSFTIR revealed that chitosan and activated charcoal were connected through O H, N  H, CO and C═O, while AB25 adhered to ChA and ChB through the hydroxyl and amino functional groups. SEM images of ChA and ChB revealed rough‐like surfaces with randomly distributed pores. BET analysis revealed that ChA and ChB are mesoporous, with pore sizes of 2.18 and 2.26 nm. The composites were stable in acidic and basic solutions, and adsorption of AB25 onto the adsorbents was more effective at pH 2. Regeneration of the adsorbents was also influential in NaOH solution. The amount of BmimA used in the composite’s preparation has limited influence on the effectiveness of ChA and ChB for AB25 uptake. The adsorption is best described by Langmuir isotherm in both ChA and ChB with qmax of 3030.3 and 3703.7 mg g−1 respectively, although ChB also conforms to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetics fitted well into the pseudo‐second‐order model.CONCLUSIONThe prepared modified chitosan/activated charcoal powder and bead were able to adsorb the AB25 dye better than other chitosan‐based materials. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Risk assessment and genetic counseling for Lynch syndrome – Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Holter Spring , Hall Michael J. , Hampel Heather , Jasperson Kory , Kupfer Sonia S. , Larsen Haidle Joy , Mork Maureen E. , Palaniapppan Selvi , Senter Leigha , Stoffel Elena M. , Weissman Scott M. , Yurgelun Matthew B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying individuals who have Lynch syndrome involves a complex diagnostic workup that includes taking a detailed family history and a combination of various tests such as immunohistochemistry and/or molecular which may be germline and/or somatic. The National Society of Genetic Counselors and the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer have come together to publish this practice resource for the evaluation of Lynch syndrome. The purpose of this practice resource was to provide guidance and a testing algorithm for Lynch syndrome as well as recommendations on when to offer testing. This practice resource does not replace a consultation with a genetics professional. This practice resource includes explanations in support of this and a summary of background data. While this practice resource is not intended to serve as a review of Lynch syndrome, it includes a discussion of background information and cites a number of key publications which should be reviewed for a more in‐depth understanding. This practice resource is intended for genetic counselors, geneticists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, obstetricians and gynecologists, nurses, and other healthcare providers who evaluate patients for Lynch syndrome.
Unraveling the direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurial education and mindset on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of entrepreneurial passion
Authors: Liao Ying‐Kai , Nguyen Vu Huu Anh , Chi Hsin‐Kuang , Nguyen Hieu Huu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study uses the theory of planned behavior, and social cognitive career theory, to examine the effect of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial mindset, and cognitive mediators on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial competencies. Adopting a cross‐sectional design, it uses data from 290 university students, from a variety of academic backgrounds, to test several hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results show that entrepreneurial education and cognitive mediators are critical for stimulating entrepreneurial behavior. The results also show that entrepreneurial mindset is formed from entrepreneurial education, and that it plays a vital role in driving entrepreneurial intention. Finally, our results indicate that entrepreneurial passion is a moderator that shapes self‐efficacy and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. These findings offer insights that could act as a reference point for academicians, educators, or anyone else who engages in creating or expanding knowledge related to entrepreneurship.
Can Imaging Predict Hearing Outcomes in Children With Cochleovestibular Nerve Abnormalities?
Authors: Kari Elina , Gillard Danielle M. , Chuang Nathaniel , Go John L. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the imaging characteristics associated with better hearing outcomes found in cochleovestibular nerve (CVN) abnormalities treated with hearing aids and/or cochlear implantation (CI).Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of 69 ears with CVN abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) treated at a tertiary referral academic center analyzing the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and hearing data. We searched for associations among the hearing and imaging data, hypothesizing that the imaging data was not a good indicator of hearing function.ResultsIn univariable analysis of all those who underwent aided testing (hearing aid and CI), health status (P = .016), internal auditory canal (IAC) midpoint diameter (P < .001), and number of nerves in the IAC (P < .001) were predictors of positive hearing outcome. Modiolar abnormalities, cochlear aperture diameter, cochlear malformations, vestibular malformations, and nerves in the cerebellar cistern did not predict hearing outcome (P = .79, .18, .59, .09, .17, respectively). For patients who received CI, health status (P = .018), IAC midpoint (P = .024), and number of nerves in the IAC (P = .038) were significant. When controlling for health status, IAC midpoint diameter (P < .001) and number of nerves in the IAC (P < .001) remained significant. In our cohort, one out of the eight ears (13%) with Birman class 0 or 1 exhibited responses to sound compared to nine out of 13 ears (70%) with Birman class 2–4.ConclusionsCurrent imaging modalities cannot accurately depict the status of the cochleovestibular nerve or predict a child's benefit with a CI. Cochlear implantation should be considered in children with abnormal cochleovestibular nerves.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S15, 2022
Induction of Stereocomplex Crystallization in Poly(l‐lactide)/Poly(d‐lactide) Blends with High Molecular Weight by Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Wei Yafei , Tian Yang , Tian Xiujuan , Fu Zhenjiang , Zhao Lifen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe stereocomplex crystal (SC) in poly(l‐lactide)/poly(d‐lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends provide great opportunities to enhance the performance of PLA materials. Unfortunately, obtaining the SC in high‐molecular‐weight (PLLA/PDLA) blends is still a challenge. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are used to induce the crystallization of SC in PLA with a high molecular weight. By investigating the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PLLA/PDLA/HNTs, it is demonstrated that HNTs promote SC growth over homocrystal (HC). According to the investigations of crystallization morphologies and molecular interactions, it is deduced that weak interactions between HNTs and PLA induced the accumulation of PLLA and PDLA, and the high lattice matching promoted the growth of SC. This would encourage the usage of SC crystals in PLA samples in the industry.
AM‐modulus and Hausdorff measure of codimension one in metric measure spaces
Authors: Honzlová‐Exnerová Vendula , Malý Jan , Martio Olli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet be the family of all paths which meet a setEin the metric measure spaceX. The set function defines the ‐modulus measure inXwhere refers to the approximation modulus [22]. We compare to the Hausdorff measure of codimension one inXand show thatfor Suslin setsEinX. This leads to a new characterization of sets of finite perimeter inXin terms of the ‐modulus. We also study the level sets of functions and show that for a.e.tthese sets have finite ‐measure. Most of the results are new also in .
Adenosine A2A Receptor Occupancy by Caffeine After Coffee Intake in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ishibashi Kenji , Miura Yoshiharu , Wagatsuma Kei , Toyohara Jun , Ishiwata Kiichi , Ishii Kenji 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoffee intake can decrease the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Its beneficial effects are allegedly mediated by caffeine through adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist action.ObjectiveWe aimed to calculate occupancy rates of striatal A2ARs by caffeine after coffee intake in PD.MethodsFive patients with PD underwent 11C‐preladenant positron emission tomography scanning at baseline and after intake of coffee containing 129.5 mg (n = 3) or 259 mg (n = 2) of caffeine. Concurrently, serum caffeine levels were measured.ResultsThe mean serum caffeine level (μg/mL) was 0.374 at baseline and increased to 4.48 and 8.92 by 129.5 and 259 mg of caffeine, respectively. The mean occupancy rates of striatal A2ARs by 129.5 and 259 mg of caffeine were 54.2% and 65.1%, respectively.ConclusionsA sufficient A2AR occupancy can be obtained by drinking a cup of coffee, which is equivalent to approximately 100 mg of caffeine. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics before ovulation in postpartum lactating mares
Authors: Gastal Melba O. , Pastorello Marilia , B. Godoi Daniel , L. Gastal Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the dominant follicle (DF) and gonadotropin dynamics for 9 days before ovulation in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) versus non‐postpartum cycling (N‐PP Cycling) mares. Every PP Lactating mare on the day of parturition was paired with a N‐PP Cycling mare, and the data analyses considered the partum‐ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) in PP Lactating mares and two interovulatory intervals in N‐PP Cycling mares. The results of the present study revealed several novel and unique aspects of DF development and FSH and LH dynamics before ovulation in PP Lactating mares when compared with N‐PP Cycling mares. The most remarkable differences between both groups of mares were the following: (1) a shorter interval to ovulation in PP Lactating mares during the foal heat (POI ≤22 days) compared with all other intervals; (2) a larger DF in PP Lactating mares, and an earlier day of DF at maximum diameter during the foal heat; and (3) lower gonadotropin levels in PP Lactating mares. Regarding the particularities, PP Lactating mares had lower LH levels during the POI than the PPIOI, demonstrating a strong partum effect; spring‐foaled mares had longer POIs, larger DF diameters, and lower LH levels; and lower body condition scores and higher body‐weight loss led to longer POIs and smaller DF diameters in PP Lactating mares. This study contributes to a broad understanding of ovarian function in the postpartum mare.
A network approach for managing ecosystem services and improving food and nutrition security on smallholder farms
Authors: Timberlake Thomas P. , Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Baral Sushil C. , Bhusal Daya R. , Devkota Kedar , Harris‐Fry Helen A. , Kortsch Susanne , Myers Samuel S. , Roslin Tomas , Saville Naomi M. , Smith Matthew R. , Strona Giovanni , Memmott Jane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Smallholder farmers are some of the poorest and most food insecure people on Earth. Their high nutritional and economic reliance on home‐grown produce makes them particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors such as pollinator loss or climate change which threaten agricultural productivity. Improving smallholder agriculture in a way that is environmentally sustainable and resilient to climate change is a key challenge of the 21st century.

Ecological intensification, whereby ecosystem services are managed to increase agricultural productivity, is a promising solution for smallholders. However, smallholder farms are complex socio‐ecological systems with a range of social, ecological and environmental factors interacting to influence ecosystem service provisioning. To truly understand the functioning of a smallholder farm and identify the most effective management options to support household food and nutrition security, a holistic, systems‐based understanding is required.

In this paper, we propose a network approach to understand, visualise and model the complex interactions occurring among wild species, crops and people on smallholder farms. Specifically, we demonstrate how networks may be used to (a) identify wild species with a key role in supporting, delivering or increasing the resilience of an ecosystem service; (b) quantify the value of an ecosystem service in a way that is relevant to the food and nutrition security of smallholders; and (c) understand the social interactions that influence the management of shared ecosystem services.

Using a case study based on data from rural Nepal, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to connect wild plants, pollinators and crops to key nutrients consumed by humans. This allows us to quantify the nutritional value of an ecosystem service and identify the wild plants and pollinators involved in its provision, as well as providing a framework to predict the effects of environmental change on human nutrition.

Our framework identifies mechanistic links between ecosystem services and the nutrients consumed by smallholder farmers and highlights social factors that may influence the management of these services. Applying this framework to smallholder farms in a range of socio‐ecological contexts may provide new, sustainable and equitable solutions to smallholder food and nutrition security.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Amniotic fluid‐derived stem cell potential for therapeutic and surgical use: A review of the literature
Authors: Baughn Caroline , Campion Stephani , Elbabaa Samer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSpina bifida is a debilitating neutral tube defect affecting many infants. The impact and severity of spina bifida depends on whether the patient exhibits a closed defect, spina bifida occulta, or an open defect, spina bifida aperta. Patients with spina bifida have physical and mental disabilities which merit further research into less invasive, more successful treatments. In addition to serving as protection for the growing fetus and facilitating nutrient exchange, amniotic fluid (AF) is a rich source of a mixed population of stem cells. As such, in vitro culture of AF‐derived stem cells has shown promise among therapeutic and surgical applications. We present a critical evaluation of the current preclinical efforts, amniotic fluid‐derived stem cell (AFSC) culture process, and the subsequent therapeutic application, with a focus on improvements for spina bifida outcomes in the pediatric patient population.MethodAn evidence ‐ based literature review to investigate the current literature surrounding AFSC culture and use, with an emphasis on the benefits for spina bifida treatment.Results47 literature sources from PubMed and three studies from ClinicalTrials.gov.ConclusionThis review synthesizes the current literature, which shows promising data on AFSC pluripotency, as well as successful in utero coverage from AFSC ‐ supported environments in a multitude of animal models.
Increasing resources for autism evaluation and support for under‐resourced schools through a state‐wide school telehealth initiative
Authors: Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Brinster Meredith , Patel Puja , Cannady Mariel , Krishnan Ankita , Talebi Hani , Mani Nithya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability affecting 1 in 44 children nationally. Timely referral to intervention and support services for ASD has consistently demonstrated significant long‐term positive effects on symptoms and subsequent skills and family outcomes. This paper highlights a novel and innovative approach of short‐term consultations for best practices to ultimately increase access to timely ASD evaluations and support through a state‐wide school telehealth initiative. The goal of the initiative was to facilitate rapid access to ASD evaluation and support (within 2 weeks of referral in school‐age youth) among under‐resourced school systems in Central Texas. First, this paper provides background relative to current disparities that many children face when attempting to obtain ASD evaluations and support. Second, a statewide legislative response is described that created a mental health consortium targeting increased access to broad‐based mental health services and supports, particularly in underserved areas. Next, the Texas Child Health Access Through Telemedicine (TCHATT) program is outlined with a particular focus on day‐to‐day operationality and concentrated efforts to increase mental health literacy among school teams relative to ASD symptoms and co‐occurring behavioral health concerns. Year 1 utilization data metrics (September 2020–May 2021) and representative case examples are presented. Finally, early “lessons learned” and future directions are discussed.
A microfluidics‐dispensing‐printing strategy for Janus photonic crystal microspheres towards smart patterned displays
Authors: Li Guo‐Xing , Qu Xiao‐Wei , Hao Lu‐Wei , Li Qing , Chen Su 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom the implementation point of view, the printable magnetic Janus colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) microspheres are highly desirable. Herein, we developed a dispensing‐printing strategy for magnetic Janus CPCs display via a microfluidics‐automatic printing system. Monodisperse core/shell colloidal particles and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles precursor serve as inks. Based on the equilibrium of three‐phase interfacial tensions, Janus structure is successfully formed, followed by UV irradiation and self‐assembly of colloid particle to generate magnetic Janus CPCs microspheres. Notably, this method shows distinct superiority with highly uniform Janus CPCs structure, where the TMPTA/Fe3O4 hemisphere is in the bottom side while CPCs hemisphere is in the top side. Thus, by using Janus CPCs microspheres with two different structural colors as pixel points, a pattern with red flower and green leaf is achieved. Moreover, 1D linear Janus CPCs pattern encapsulated by hydrogel is also fabricated. Both the color and the shape can be changed under the traction of magnets, showing great potentials in flexible smart displays. We believe this work not only offers a new feasible pathway to construct magnetic Janus CPCs patterns by a dispensing‐printable fashion, but also provides new opportunities for flexible and smart displays.
Chaotic Motion near Black Hole and Cosmological Horizons
Authors: Giataganas Dimitrios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is known that certain types of particle motion near black hole horizons are chaotic while it has been proposed the existence of a universal bound for their Lyapunov exponent. We discuss the relation between chaos and inaffinity in presence of black hole and cosmological horizons. We argue that although a relation between the Lyapunov exponent and the generalized surface gravity appears naturally, in general there is no reason for the Lyapunov exponent of classical trajectories to be bounded in generic spacetimes with horizon. Moreover, we show that the de Sitter spacetime and cosmological horizons act as a nest of chaos in holography and we find that the Lyapunov exponent of the trajectories is related to the inaffinity in the same way for both cosmological and black hole horizons. This suggests that there is no distinction by the Lyapunov exponent between maximal chaos of black hole and cosmological horizons.
New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huang Keming , Luo Xianling , Zhong Yi , Deng Li , Feng Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetic cardiovascular complications and impaired cardiac function are considered to be the main causes of death in diabetic patients worldwide, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin, as the main product secreted by the pineal gland, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Melatonin improves myocardial cell metabolism, reduces vascular endothelial cell death, reverses microcirculation disorders, reduces myocardial fibrosis, reduces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulates cell autophagy and apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function, all of which are the characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review focuses on the role of melatonin in DCM. We also discuss new molecular findings that might facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism. Finally, we propose potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM.
Use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for foscarnet quantification in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Irie Kei , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Ishikawa Takayuki , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: January 2022

RationaleFoscarnet (FCV) is used to treat cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections. It is a low‐molecular‐weight compound containing carboxylate and phosphate groups. There are no reports on the use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to analyze FCV via bioanalysis. In the present study, we developed the ion‐pair LC/MS/MS method to analyze FCV in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsFCV was extracted from human serum and CSF by weak anion exchange (WAX) solid‐phase extraction. The LC/MS/MS systems were coated with 0.1% phosphoric acid in methanol to avoid nonspecific absorption. FCV was detected using ion‐pair LC/MS/MS with dibutylammonium acetate. Selected reaction monitoring transition of FCV in the negative ion mode was selected at m/z 125.1 → 62.9.ResultsFCV was selectively detected in human serum and CSF, and the liner range was 5–1000 μM (R2 = 0.99). The intraday and interday accuracy and precision were within ±15%. FCV was constantly extracted from human serum and CSF by WAX solid‐phase extraction (recovery ratio = 76.0–77.9%). No matrix effect was observed.ConclusionsA robust LC/MS/MS method to analyze FCV was successfully developed. FCV was selectively measured using LC/MS/MS in very low extract volumes (20 μL). The method will be useful in evaluating the FCV level in human serum and CSF.