bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Daprodustat and Metabolites in Individuals with Normal and Impaired Hepatic Function
Authors: Mahar Kelly M. , Shaddinger Bonnie C. , Ramanjineyulu Bandi , Andrews Susan , Caltabiano Stephen , Lindsay Alistair C. , Cobitz Alexander R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDaprodustat is a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in development for treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. We evaluated the role of hepatic impairment on daprodustat pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability. Participants with mild (Child‐Pugh Class A, score 5‒6) and moderate (Child‐Pugh Class B, score 7‒9) hepatic impairment and matched healthy controls were administered single 6‐mg doses of daprodustat. Exposure parameters were determined for daprodustat and its six metabolites. Comparisons resulted in 1.5‐ and 2.0‐fold higher daprodustat Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) exposures in participants with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively, versus controls; Cmax in mild hepatic impairment was comparable to controls. Similarly, aligned with parent drug, unbound daprodustat Cmax and AUC exposures increased 1.6‐ to 2.3‐fold in hepatic‐impaired participants versus controls, and metabolite exposures were 1.2‐ to 2.0‐fold higher in participants with hepatic impairment. Erythropoeitin (EPO) baseline‐corrected AUC exposures were between 0.3‐fold lower and 2.2‐fold higher in matched controls versus hepatic‐impaired participants. No serious or study drug‐related adverse events were reported. Daprodustat exposure was increased in participants with moderate and mild hepatic impairment compared with matched controls; however, no meaningful differences in EPO were observed and no new safety concerns were identified (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03223337).
SAVE‐AS: Accelerating convergence in network traffic prediction through adaptive optimized variational mode decomposition and an integrated extreme learning machine
Authors: Shi Jinmei , Leau Yu‐Beng , Li Kun 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNonlinearity and nonstationary data affect the prediction accuracy of network traffic. A practical solution is to use an integrated modeling method based on time‐series decomposition and an extreme learning machine (ELM). The original network traffic data series are decomposed in this paper using variational mode decomposition (VMD), and then each subdata series is subjected to phase space reconstruction (PSR). Finally, ELM trains a model for predicting network traffic. We used scalable artificial bee colony (SABC) algorithms to optimize parameter selection throughout the modeling process. However, several processes, such as VMD decomposition, PSR, and ELM training, will be repeated during iterative model optimization, resulting in a significant increase in computational complexity. This article proposes an adaptive selection mechanism for decomposing time series, which named is SABC‐VMD‐ELM prediction method with an adaptive selection (SAVE‐AS) method. From gray correlation degree and approximate entropy, an adaptive selection operator is constructed that can adaptively select the number of data sets after VMD optimization decomposition. The ELM model is trained using several subdata sequences that satisfy the conditions rather than all subdata sequences to minimize computational complexity in modeling. Two publicly available data sets of Mackey–Glass and Lorenz chaotic time series were used; in addition, actual network traffic data from the MAWI Working Group's WIDE Backbone was simulated. It is demonstrated that the prediction model can reduce computational complexity and accelerate convergence speed while maintaining the model's predictive accuracy. In three data sets, training time was reduced by 25.25%, 23.87%, and 41.36%, respectively.
Highest densities of mountain hares (Lepus timidus) associated with ecologically restored bog but not grouse moorland management
Authors: Bedson Carlos P. E. , Wheeler Philip M. , Reid Neil , Harris Wilson Edwin , Mallon David , Caporn Simon , Preziosi Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last 20 years, ecological restoration of degraded habitats has become common in conservation practice. Mountain hares (Lepus timidus scoticus) were surveyed during 2017–2021 using 830 km of line transects in the Peak District National Park, England. Historically degraded bog areas were previously reported having low hare numbers. Following bog restoration, we found hare densities of 32.6 individuals km−2, notably higher than neighboring degraded (unrestored) bog with 24.4 hares km−2. Hare density on restored peatland was 2.7 times higher than on bogs managed for grouse shooting at 12.2 hares km−2and 3.3 times higher than on heather moorland managed for grouse shooting at 10.0 hares km−2. Yearly estimates varied most on habitats managed for grouse, perhaps indicative of the impact of habitat management, for example, heather burning and/or possible hare culling to control potential tick‐borne louping ill virus in gamebirds. Acid grassland used for sheep farming had a similar density to grouse moorland at 11.8 hares km−2. Unmanaged dwarf shrub heath had the lowest density at 4.8 hares km−2. Hare populations are characterized by significant yearly fluctuations, those in the study area increasing by 60% between 2017 and 2018 before declining byca. 15% by 2020 and remaining stable to 2021. During an earlier survey in 2002, total abundance throughout the Peak District National Park was estimated at 3361 (95% CI: 2431–4612) hares. The present study estimated 3562 (2291–5624) hares suggesting a stable population over the last two decades despite fluctuations likely influenced by weather and anthropogenic factors. Mountain hares in the Peak District favored bog habitats and were associated with restored peatland habitat. Wildlife management should be cognizant of hare density variation between habitats, which may have implications for local extinction risk.
Age‐specific, population‐level pedigree of wild black bears provides insights into reproduction, paternity, and maternal effects on offspring apparent survival
Authors: Reynolds‐Hogland Melissa J. , Ramsey Alan B. , Muench Carly , Pilgrim Kristine L. , Engkjer Cory , Ramsey Philip W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWildlife pedigrees provide insights into ecological and evolutionary processes. DNA obtained from noninvasively collected hair is often used to determine individual identities for pedigrees and other genetic analyses. However, detection rates associated with some noninvasive DNA studies can be relatively low, and genetic data do not provide information on individual birth year. Supplementing hair DNA stations with video cameras should increase the individual detection rate, assuming accurate identification of individuals via video data. Video data can also provide birth year information for individuals captured as young of the year, which can enrich population‐level pedigrees. We placed video cameras at hair stations and combined genetic and video data to reconstruct an age‐specific, population‐level pedigree of wild black bears during 2010–2020. Combining individual birth year with mother–offspring relatedness, we also estimated litter size, interlitter interval, primiparity, and fecundity. We used the Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model in Program Mark to evaluate the effect of maternal identity on offspring apparent survival. We compared model rankings of apparent survival and parameter estimates based on combined genetic and video data with those based on only genetic data. We observed 42 mother–offspring relationships. Of these, 21 (50%) would not have been detected had we used hair DNA alone. Moreover, video data allowed for the cub and yearling age classes to be determined. Mean annual fecundity was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.56). Maternal identity influenced offspring apparent survival, where offspring of one mother experienced significantly lower apparent survival (0.39; SE = 0.15) than that of offspring of four other mothers (0.89–1.00; SE = 0.00–0.06). We video‐documented cub abandonment by the mother whose offspring experienced low apparent survival, indicating individual behaviors (e.g., maternal care) may scale up to affect population‐level parameters (e.g., cub survival). Our findings provide insights into evolutionary processes and are broadly relevant to wildlife ecology and conservation.
Long‐term cattle grazing shifts the ecological state of forest soils
Authors: Proesmans Willem , Andrews Christopher , Gray Alan , Griffiths Rob , Keith Aidan , Nielsen Uffe N. , Spurgeon David , Pywell Richard , Emmett Bridget , Vanbergen Adam J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCattle grazing profoundly affects abiotic and biotic characteristics of ecosystems. While most research has been performed on grasslands, the effect of large managed ungulates on forest ecosystems has largely been neglected. Compared to a baseline seminatural state, we investigated how long‐term cattle grazing of birch forest patches affected the abiotic state and the ecological community (microbes and invertebrates) of the soil subsystem. Grazing strongly modified the soil abiotic environment by increasing phosphorus content, pH, and bulk density, while reducing the C:N ratio. The reduced C:N ratio was strongly associated with a lower microbial biomass, mainly caused by a reduction of fungal biomass. This was linked to a decrease in fungivorous nematode abundance and the nematode channel index, indicating a relative uplift in the importance of the bacterial energy‐channel in the nematode assemblages. Cattle grazing highly modified invertebrate community composition producing distinct assemblages from the seminatural situation. Richness and abundance of microarthropods was consistently reduced by grazing (excepting collembolan richness) and grazing‐associated changes in soil pH, Olsen P, and reduced soil pore volume (bulk density) limiting niche space and refuge from physical disturbance. Anecic earthworm species predominated in grazed patches, but were absent from ungrazed forest, and may benefit from manure inputs, while their deep vertical burrowing behavior protects them from physical disturbance. Perturbation of birch forest habitat by long‐term ungulate grazing profoundly modified soil biodiversity, either directly through increased physical disturbance and manure input or indirectly by modifying soil abiotic conditions. Comparative analyses revealed the ecosystem engineering potential of large ungulate grazers in forest systems through major shifts in the composition and structure of microbial and invertebrate assemblages, including the potential for reduced energy flow through the fungal decomposition pathway. The precise consequences for species trophic interactions and biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships remain to be established, however.
Exploring trait–performance relationships of tree seedlings along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients
Authors: Li Yuanzhi , Jiang Yuan , Zhao Kangning , Chen Yang , Wei Wei , Shipley Bill , Chu Chengjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA foundational assumption of trait‐based ecology is that individual performances should be predicted by its functional traits. However, the trait–performance relationships reported in literature were typically weak, probably due to the ignorance of interactions between traits and environments, intraspecific trait variability, and hard traits (directly linked to physiological processes of interest). We conducted an experiment of planting 900 seedlings of six tree species separately (one seedling per pot) along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients, monitored their survival and growth, and measured their morphological, photosynthetic, and hydraulic traits. Most trait–performance relationships depended on the environments, either marginally changing (weak trait × environment interaction) or even reversing (strong trait × environment interaction) along light or water gradients in our experiment. Such trait × environment interactions were more likely to be detected in growth models using individual‐level traits than models using species mean traits, but seedling growth was not better modeled with individual‐level traits than species mean traits. Additionally, none of the hard traits (photosynthetic and hydraulic traits) were better predictors than soft traits (morphological traits) modeling seedling growth and survival along light and water gradients. Our study highlights the necessities of considering trait × environment interactions when predicting response of plants to changing environments. The benefits of using individual‐level traits or hard traits to predict plant performance might be reduced or even canceled if their measurement errors are not well controlled.
Clinical characteristics and frailty status in heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Hamada Tomoyuki , Kubo Toru , Kawai Kazuya , Nakaoka Yoko , Yabe Toshikazu , Furuno Takashi , Yamada Eisuke , Kitaoka Hiroaki ,   Kochi YOSACOI study
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics, including frailty status, of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in comparison with those in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a super‐aged region of Japan.Methods and resultsOf the 1061 Japanese patients enrolled in the Kochi YOSACOI study, a multicentre registry, we divided 645 patients (median age of 81 years [interquartile range, 72–87 years]; women, 49.1%) into two groups, HFpEF patients (61.2%) and HFrEF patients (38.8%). Physical frailty was diagnosed on the basis of the Japanese version of Cardiovascular Health (J‐CHS) Study criteria. Patients for whom left ventricular ejection fraction data were not available (n = 19), patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (n = 172), and patients who were not assessed by the J‐CHS criteria (n = 225) were excluded. The median ages of the HFpEF and HFrEF patients were 84 and 76 years, respectively. The proportion of patients with HFpEF gradually increased with advance of age. The proportion of patients with three or more comorbidities was larger in HFpEF patients than in HFrEF patients (77.9% vs. 65.6%, P = 0.003). Handgrip strength was significantly lower in HFpEF patients than in HFrEF patients for both men (P < 0.001) and women (P = 0.041). Comfortable 5 m walking speed was significantly slower in HFpEF patients than in HFrEF patients (P < 0.001). The proportions of patients with physical frailty were 55.2% in HFpEF patients and 46.8% in HFrEF patients, and the proportion was significantly higher in HFpEF patients (P = 0.043). In multivariate analysis, physical frailty was associated with advanced age [odds ratio (OR), 1.030; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.010–1.050; P = 0.023] and low albumin level (OR, 0.334; 95% CI, 0.192–0.582; P < 0.001) in HFpEF patients, and physical frailty was associated with women (OR, 2.150; 95% CI, 1.030–4.500; P = 0.042) and anaemia (OR, 2.840; 95% CI, 1.300–6.230; P = 0.003) in HFrEF patients.ConclusionsIn a super‐aged population of HF patients in Japan, HFpEF patients are more likely to be frail/have a high frailty status compared with HFrEF patients. The results suggested that physical frailty is associated with extracardiac factors in both HFpEF patients and HFrEF patients.
Transient Absorption Spectra of Metal‐Free and Transition‐Metal 5,10,15,20‐Tetraferrocene Porphyrins: Influence of the Central Metal Ion, Solvent Polarity, and the Axial Ferrocene Ligand
Authors: Schrage Briana R. , Ermilov Eugeny , Nemykin Victor N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transient absorption spectra of the series of diamagnetic H2TFcP, ZnTFcP, PdTFcP, and FcInTFcP compounds (TFcP(2‐)=5,10,15,20‐tetraferroceneporphyrin dianion) were investigated in polar (DMF) and non‐polar (toluene) solvents using excitation at 650 nm. The formation and the deactivation of the charge‐separated (Fc+‐Porphyrin−.) state were observed in all cases. The lifetime of the charge‐separated state is nearly constant for all compounds (∼20 ps) and independent of the nature of the central ion and solvent. The formation of the triplet state in all the complexes was not observed. The third, minor long‐lived (160–480 ps) component was observed in polar DMF solvent. This component was tentatively assigned to the porphyrin species that are weakly bound to the carbonyl oxygen in DMF. DFT and TDDFT calculations on the ground state, excited state, and triplet state of the target compounds were in agreement with the experimental data.
Salting‐Out Approach (SOAP) for the Synthesis of Nickel‐Based Coordination Polymer Nanorods from a Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid
Authors: McKenzie Ruel , Knoll Andrew , Wang Bojie , Jadhav Sainath , Walker Robert , Spirrison Ashley 
Published: March 2022

Abstract1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (emim dca) was able to form Ni‐based coordination polymers where dca served as the bridging ligand with the postulate that emim was secondarily coordinated in the pores of the framework. Formation of the coordination polymer (CP) was accomplished by using a salting‐out approach (SOAP) with a saturated solution of lithium chloride (LiCl) as a mineralizer. The CP was thermo‐oxidatively stable up to 400 °C and displayed a nanorod‐like morphology. The rod‐like structures tended to stack in bundles. The microstructure of the Ni emim dca CP bore similarity to the rutile‐related framework of Ni(dca)2. However, the Ni emim dca CP was chemically distinguishable from Ni(dca)2 because of the presence of emim. Though the Ni emim dca CP was thermally stable below 400 °C, there appeared to be a thermal activation of the compound, likely through the nitrile groups. The activation of the nitrile groups is an indicator of potential reactivity of the CP.
Conjugation of Carbohydrates with Quinolines: A Powerful Synthetic Tool
Authors: Simonetti Sebastián O. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Larghi Enrique L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA detailed revision on natural and synthetic glycosylated quinolines, spanning the last 20 years, is presented. Exhaustive descriptions about the state of the art of the synthesis and relevant applications of these glyco‐heterocycles are provided. In addition, an account of the natural products containing this motif and their associated bioactivity data are also outlined. For the sake of consistency, quinolones are also covered as well as hybrid compounds, embodied with linkers between the heterocyclic ring and the carbohydrate fragment.
Consecutive Three‐Component Synthesis of Phenothiazine‐Based Merocyanines – Bayesian Optimization, Electronic properties, and DSSC Characteristics**
Authors: Stephan Marvin , Stute Birgit , von Lieres Eric , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA consecutive three‐component Heck‐Knoevenagel synthesis of phenothiazinyl merocyanines was developed by statistical design of experiments (DoE) and Bayesian optimization furnishing nine red orange dyes starting from heteroaryl halides, acrolein and ethyl cyanoacetate. Besides scrutinizing the electronic properties of these merocyanines by cyclic voltammetry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, and (TD)DFT calculations their saponified carboxylic acids were employed in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) experiments showing promising solar cell performances with relative efficiencies of up to 93 % compared to the standard ruthenium dye N3.
Photo‐electrochromic salt composed by viologen cation and diarylethene anion derivatives
Authors: Cruz Hugo , Jordão Noemi , Santiago Sara , Gago Sandra , Villabona Marc , Hernando Jordi , Guirado Gonzalo , Branco Luís C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA multi‐responsive photo and electrochromic salt based on a viologen derivative ([(C10)2Bpy]2+) as organic cation combined with diarylethene anion ([DTE]2−) is synthesized and characterized for the first time. The coloration of this functional salt can be modulated by light and electricity according to further applications. Photochemical determination of the quantum yields in solution for the ring‐opening and closure of [(C10)2Bpy][DTE‐COO] ionic liquid have been determined. The electrochemical and electrochromism performance have been also studied in order to evaluate the reduction of bipyridinium cation as well as the oxidation of the DTE anion in its open and closed forms. The possibility of individually addressing the redox state of the anion and cation is seen as a very attractive approach to designing photo‐electrochromic devices.
Investigating the electrowetting of silver‐based gas‐diffusion electrodes during oxygen reduction reaction with electrochemical and optical methods
Authors: Bienen Fabian , Paulisch Melanie C. , Mager Thorben , Osiewacz Jens , Nazari Manigah , Osenberg Markus , Ellendorff Barbara , Turek Thomas , Nieken Ulrich , Manke Ingo , Friedrich K. Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPorous gas‐diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are widely used in electrochemical applications where a gaseous reactant is converted to a target product. Important applications for silver‐based GDEs are the chlor‐alkali and the CO2 electrolysis processes in which silver catalyzes the oxygen‐ or carbon dioxide reduction reaction. The wetting of the porous GDEs is of utmost importance for the achieved performance of the electrode: a completely dry electrode will result in low current densities due to the reduced active surface area while on the other hand, a completely flooded electrode will deteriorate the access of the gaseous reactant. Therefore, we investigated silver‐based GDEs for the oxygen reduction reaction with different amounts of the hydrophobic agent polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and analyzed the potential‐induced wetting behavior (electrowetting). The electrolyte breakthrough was recorded by a digital microscope and subsequently evaluated via imaging analysis of the observed breached electrolyte droplets. In order to characterize the wetting state during transition to the steady‐state, we applied electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and retrieved the double‐layer capacitance. Our results indicate that a higher overvoltage facilitates the breakthrough of electrolytes through the gas‐diffusion electrode. Surprisingly, a faster breakthrough of electrolyte was observed for electrodes with higher PTFE content. Porometry measurements revealed that the GDE with low PTFE content has a monomodal pore size distribution, whereas electrodes with higher PTFE amount exhibit a bimodal pore size distribution. In GDEs with monomodal pore size distribution the time in which the double layer capacitance is leveling off correlates with the breakthrough time of the electrolyte. In summary, we emphasize that the wetting of GDEs is a complex interplay of the applied potential, electrode composition, and resulting porous structure which requires further advanced measurements and analysis considering the parameters affecting the wetting behavior as a whole.