bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericyte remodeling is deficient in the aged brain and contributes to impaired capillary flow and structure
Authors: Berthiaume Andrée-Anne , Schmid Franca , Stamenkovic Stefan , Coelho-Santos Vanessa , Nielson Cara D. , Weber Bruno , Majesky Mark W. , Shih Andy Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeterioration of brain capillary flow and architecture is a hallmark of aging and dementia. It remains unclear how loss of brain pericytes in these conditions contributes to capillary dysfunction. Here, we conduct cause-and-effect studies by optically ablating pericytes in adult and aged mice in vivo. Focal pericyte loss induces capillary dilation without blood-brain barrier disruption. These abnormal dilations are exacerbated in the aged brain, and result in increased flow heterogeneity in capillary networks. A subset of affected capillaries experience reduced perfusion due to flow steal. Some capillaries stall in flow and regress, leading to loss of capillary connectivity. Remodeling of neighboring pericytes restores endothelial coverage and vascular tone within days. Pericyte remodeling is slower in the aged brain, resulting in regions of persistent capillary dilation. These findings link pericyte loss to disruption of capillary flow and structure. They also identify pericyte remodeling as a therapeutic target to preserve capillary flow dynamics.
Reputation effects drive the joint evolution of cooperation and social rewarding
Authors: Pal Saptarshi , Hilbe Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople routinely cooperate with each other, even when cooperation is costly. To further encourage such pro-social behaviors, recipients often respond by providing additional incentives, for example by offering rewards. Although such incentives facilitate cooperation, the question remains how these incentivizing behaviors themselves evolve, and whether they would always be used responsibly. Herein, we consider a simple model to systematically study the co-evolution of cooperation and different rewarding policies. In our model, both social and antisocial behaviors can be rewarded, but individuals gain a reputation for how they reward others. By characterizing the game’s equilibria and by simulating evolutionary learning processes, we find that reputation effects systematically favor cooperation and social rewarding. While our baseline model applies to pairwise interactions in well-mixed populations, we obtain similar conclusions under assortment, or when individuals interact in larger groups. According to our model, rewards are most effective when they sway others to cooperate. This view is consistent with empirical observations suggesting that people reward others to ultimately benefit themselves.
Development of intravenously administered synthetic RNA virus immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Kennedy Edward M. , Denslow Agnieszka , Hewett Jacqueline , Kong Lingxin , De Almeida Ana , Bryant Jeffrey D. , Lee Jennifer S. , Jacques Judy , Feau Sonia , Hayes Melissa , McMichael Elizabeth L. , Wambua Daniel , Farkaly Terry , Rahmeh Amal A , Herschelman Lauren , Douglas Danielle , Spinale Jacob , Adhikari Sanmit , Deterling Jessica , Scott Matt , Haines Brian B. , Finer Mitchell H. , Ashburn Ted T , Quéva Christophe , Lerner Lorena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe therapeutic effectiveness of oncolytic viruses (OVs) delivered intravenously is limited by the development of neutralizing antibody responses against the virus. To circumvent this limitation and to enable repeated systemic administration of OVs, here we develop Synthetic RNA viruses consisting of a viral RNA genome (vRNA) formulated within lipid nanoparticles. For two Synthetic RNA virus drug candidates, Seneca Valley virus (SVV) and Coxsackievirus A21, we demonstrate vRNA delivery and replication, virus assembly, spread and lysis of tumor cells leading to potent anti-tumor efficacy, even in the presence of OV neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream. Synthetic-SVV replication in tumors promotes immune cell infiltration, remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, and enhances the activity of anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor. In mouse and non-human primates, Synthetic-SVV is well tolerated reaching exposure well above the requirement for anti-tumor activity. Altogether, the Synthetic RNA virus platform provides an approach that enables repeat intravenous administration of viral immunotherapy.
Multimodal Data for the Detection of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Zhuokun , Li Hantao , Huang Debin , Wang Lipeng , Wei Yanzhao , Zhang Lei , Ma Lin , Feng Huanhuan , Pan Jing , Guo Yuzhu , Chan Piu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFreezing of gaits (FOG) is a very disabling symptom of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), affecting about 50% of PD patients and 80% of advanced PD patients. Studies have shown that FOG is related to a complex interplay between motor, cognitive and affective factors. A full characterization of FOG is crucial for FOG detection/prediction and prompt intervention. A protocol has been designed to acquire multimodal physical and physiological information during FOG, including gait acceleration (ACC), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and skin conductance (SC). Two tasks were designed to trigger FOG, including gait initiation failure and FOG during walking. A total number of 12 PD patients completed the experiments and produced a length of 3 hours and 42 minutes of valid data including 2 hours and 14 minutes of normal gait and 1 hour and 28 minutes of freezing of gait. The FOG episodes were labeled by two qualified physicians. The multimodal data have been validated by a FOG detection task.
Morphometric measurements and the relationship with body weight in the Sudanese Dorcas Gazelle and Bohor Reedbuck
Authors: Rashad Amr M. A. , Taha Taha K. , Mahdy Ahmed E. , Aziz Mahmoud A. , Badran Ahmed E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objectives were to describe the morphometric measurements and determine the best model for estimating the relationship between body weight and morphometric measurements of the two Sudanese antelopes, Dorcas Gazelle (Gazella dorcas) and Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca redunca). Twenty-four animals belonging to two Sudanese antelope species, six males and six females from each species were used. Data on body weight and body measurements were recorded from each species. Averages of body weight and morphometric traits of Bohor Reedbuck were larger than the corresponding values of Dorcas Gazelle, while the opposite was true in the case of horn thickness, which was larger in the later. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, the best model for Dorcas Gazelle had the variables neck length, belly girth and chest height, while Bohor Reedbuck had body length, head length, neck length, tail length, chest girth and pelvic height. These variables explained 82% of the total variation in body weight of Dorcas Gazelle, and 92% of the variation of Bohor Reedbuck. These results are discussed in relation to morphometric measurements reported for antelopes elsewhere.
Cable news and COVID-19 vaccine uptake
Authors: Pinna Matteo , Picard Léo , Goessmann Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines have reduced infections and hospitalizations across the globe, yet resistance to vaccination remains strong. This paper investigates the role of cable television news in vaccine hesitancy and associated local vaccination rates in the United States. We find that, in the earlier stages of the vaccine roll-out (starting May 2021), higher local viewership of Fox News Channel has been associated with lower local vaccination rates. We can verify that this association is causal using exogenous geographical variation in the channel lineup. The effect is driven by younger individuals (under 65 years of age), for whom COVID-19 has a low mortality risk. Consistent with changes in beliefs about the effectiveness of the vaccine as a mechanism, we find that Fox News increased reported vaccine hesitancy in local survey responses. We can rule out that the effect is due to differences in partisanship, to local health policies, or to local COVID-19 infections or death rates. The other two major television networks, CNN and MSNBC, have no effect. That, in turn, indicates that more differentiated characteristics, like the networks’ messaging or tendency for controversy, matter and that the effect of Fox News on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is not due to the general consumption of cable news. We also show that there is no historical effect of Fox News on flu vaccination rates, suggesting that the effect is COVID-19-specific and not driven by general skepticism toward vaccines.
A simple nomogram for assessing the risk of IgA vasculitis nephritis in IgA vasculitis Asian pediatric patients
Authors: Bi Yuna , Quan Wei , Hao Wei , Sun Rui , Li Liwen , Jiang Chunping , Tian Lingling , Liu Lin , Liu Jie , Li Xiaozhong , Li Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA nomogram for assessing the risk of IgA vasculitis nephritis (originally termed Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis, HSPN) in IgA vasculitis (originally termed Henoch–Schönlein purpura, HSP) pediatric patients can effectively improve early diagnosis and prognosis of IgA vasculitis nephritis. However, currently, no nomogram is available. 246 IgA vasculitis and 142 IgA vasculitis nephritis Asian pediatric patients confirmed by renal biopsy were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the independent risk factors and construct a series of predictive models. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, decision curve analysis, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index were used to screen the best model. Stratification analysis was applied to optimize model’s clinical utility. An external validation set was introduced to verify the predictive efficiency. The final predictive model was converted to nomogram for visual use. We identified age, duration of rash (Dor), D-dimer and IgG as independent risk factors and constructed four models as follows: AIDD (Age + IgG + Dor + D-dimer), AIDi (Age + IgG + D-dimer), AIDo (Age + IgG + Dor) and ADD (Age + Dor + D-dimer), which achieved the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.931, 0.920, 0.856 and 0.907, respectively. Finally, AIDi model with an AUROC of 0.956 and 0.897 in internal and external validating sets was proposed as a novel predictive model. In stratification analysis by gender and histological grade, the AUROC of AIDi was 0.949 in female, 0.926 in male, 0.933 in mild histological grades and 0.939 in severe histological grades, respectively. AIDi nomogram is an effective and visual tool for assessing the risk of nephritis in IgA vasculitis Asian pediatric patients, regardless of IgA vasculitis nephritis histological grades and gender.
Analysis of the effects of simplifications on the state of loads in a centrifugal compressor
Authors: Bednarz Arkadiusz , Sęp Jarosław , Bartłomowicz Rafał , Jaworski Justin , Wójcik Augustyn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to quantify and assess qualitatively the impact of modeling simplifications used to represent inertial and aerodynamic loads on the stresses and structural deformations of a centrifugal compressor in operation. The research object is the compressor of the high-pressure line of the DGEN 380 bypass turbine engine. Based on the virtual dynamometer WESTT CS/BV, the gas-dynamic parameters at the entrance to the centrifugal compressor and after the stage are determined. These values were used as initial parameters for numerical flow analysis. As part of the numerical strength analyses, a series of several load configurations were carried out: spin only, spin and inlet pressure normally applied on the working surface of the rotor blade, spin and outlet pressure normally applied on the working surface of the rotor blade, and one-way fluid–structure interaction analysis taking into account the aerodynamic loads with and without spinning. Based on the simulations, the level of similarity of a given load configuration with the last analysis, adopted as the reference, was determined. It was observed that in terms of the stress state, the rotational analysis taking into account the pressure on both sides of the blade gives satisfactory results, but the strain values are overestimated. The results obtained and the method of evaluation of compressor results can be used in research in the area of aviation, automotive, and refrigeration industries.
Deep neural learning based optimization for automated high performance antenna designs
Authors: Mir Farzad , Kouhalvandi Lida , Matekovits Ladislau 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present paper introduces an optimization-oriented method here practiced for designing high performance single antennas in a fully automated environment. The proposed method comprises two sequential major steps. The first one devotes configuring the shape of antenna and determining the feeding point by employing the bottom-up optimization (BUO) method. In this algorithm, the number of microstrip transmission lines (TLs) used to model the radiator is increased consecutively and the shape of the antenna is revised up to finding the initial satisfying results. Secondly, for determining the best design parameters of the configured antenna shape in the first step (i.e., width and length of TLs), deep neural network (DNN) that is based on Thompson sampling efficient multi-objective optimization (TSEMO) is applied. The recommended optimization method is successfully attracted as a problem solver for designers to tackle the subject for antenna design such as the complexity and large dimensions of structures. Hence, the main advantage of the implemented optimization method in this article is to noticeably decrease the required designer’s involvement automatically generating valid layouts. For validating the suggested method, two wideband antennas are designed, prototyped and subjected to experiment. The first optimized antenna covers the frequency band 8.8–10.1 GHz (13.75 % bandwidth) characterized by a maximum gain of 7.13 dB while the second one covers the frequency band 11.3–13.16 GHz (15.2 %) which exhibits a maximum gain of 7.8 dB.
Differences in the microbiota of oral rinse, lesion, and normal site samples from patients with mucosal abnormalities on the tongue
Authors: Shitozawa Yawaka , Haro Kaoru , Ogawa Midori , Miyawaki Akihiko , Saito Mitsumasa , Fukuda Kazumasa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oral microbiota associated with mucosal diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders, have been extensively analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. However, the details of the oral microbiota remain unclear at the species and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels. We aimed to determine differences in the microbiota of oral rinse, lesion and normal site swab samples of patients with mucosal abnormalities on the tongues. Oral samples were obtained from 10 patients with oral mucosal abnormalities. Alpha and beta diversity at the OTU and genus levels of the microbiota samples were analyzed using OTUs clustered with 99.6% similarity based on 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained using the Sanger method. At the OTU level, the microbiota of the lesions were the least diverse but were different from those of the normal site and oral rinse samples. The OTUs corresponding to Streptococcus infantis and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were suggested to contribute to the differences between the microbiota of the lesions and normal sites. At the genus level, no significant differences between these microbiota were observed. In conclusion, strict OTU-level microbiota analysis might be able to discriminate lesions from normal sites of patients with mucosal abnormalities.
An oversampling method for imbalanced data based on spatial distribution of minority samples SD-KMSMOTE
Authors: Yang Wensheng , Pan Chengsheng , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the rapid expansion of data, the problem of data imbalance has become increasingly prominent in the fields of medical treatment, finance, network, etc. And it is typically solved using the oversampling method. However, most existing oversampling methods randomly sample or sample only for a particular area, which affects the classification results. To solve the above limitations, this study proposes an imbalanced data oversampling method, SD-KMSMOTE, based on the spatial distribution of minority samples. A filter noise pre-treatment is added, the category information of the near-neighbouring samples is considered, and the existing minority class sample noise is removed. These conditions lead to the design of a new sample synthesis method, and the rules for calculating the weight values are constructed on this basis. The spatial distribution of minority class samples is considered comprehensively; they are clustered, and the sub-clusters that contain useful information are assigned larger weight values and more synthetic sample numbers. The experimental results show that the experimental results outperform existing methods in terms of precision, recall, F1 score, G-mean, and area under the curve values when the proposed method is used to expand the imbalanced dataset in the field of medicine and other fields.
Identification of chicken LOC420478 as Bucky ball equivalent and potential germ plasm organizer in birds
Authors: Klein Sabine , Dosch Roland , Altgilbers Stefanie , Kues Wilfried A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBucky ball was identified as germ plasm organizer in zebrafish and has proven crucial for Balbiani body condensation. A synteny comparison identified an uncharacterized gene locus in the chicken genome as predicted avian counterpart. Here, we present experimental evidence that this gene locus indeed encodes a ‘Bucky ball’ equivalent in matured oocytes and early embryos of chicken. Heterologous expression of Bucky ball fusion proteins both from zebrafish and chicken with a fluorescent reporter revealed unique patterns indicative for liquid–liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins. Immuno-labeling detected Bucky ball from oocytes to blastoderms with diffuse distribution in matured oocytes, aggregation in first cleavage furrows, and co-localization to the chicken vasa homolog (CVH). Later, Bucky ball translocated to the cytoplasm of first established cells, and showed nuclear translocation during the major zygotic activation together with CVH. Remarkably, during the phase of area pellucida formation, Bucky ball translocated back into the cytoplasm at stage EGK VI, whereas CVH remained within the nuclei. The condensation of Bucky ball and co-localization with CVH in cleavage furrows and nuclei of the centrally located cells strongly suggests chicken Bucky ball as a germ plasm organizer in birds, and indicate a special importance of the major zygotic activation for germline specification.
Identifying the long-term survival beneficiary of chemotherapy for stage N1c sigmoid colon cancer
Authors: Liu Shan , Lin Yaobin , Huang Sihan , Xue Shufang , Huang Ruoyao , Chen Lu , Wang Chengyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSigmoid colon cancer often has an unsatisfactory prognosis. This study explored the effect of tumor deposits (TDs) on survival, and whether their presence/absence influence individualized treatment. Data of postoperative patients with sigmoid colon cancer were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis and random forest (RF). The nomogram's discrimination performance was evaluated using a concordance index (C-index), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curves, and decision-curve analysis. The N1c group showed a worse prognosis than the N0 group. For N1c patients, a combination of surgery and chemotherapy prolonged survival, compared to surgery alone; however, the chemotherapy-surgery combination did not affect the OS of patients younger than 70 years, in stage T1–2, and/or of black race. Multivariable analysis and RF presented Age, T stage, and N stage were the most important predictors for OS. The novel nomogram had superiority to the TNM staging system with improved C-index and IDI, as well as good consistency and higher clinical benefit. TDs are associated with poor survival from sigmoid colon cancer, and considering TDs can inform the formulation of individual treatment regimens. The nomogram shows satisfactory prediction ability for OS.
Systematic analysis of the test design and performance of AI/ML-based medical devices approved for triage/detection/diagnosis in the USA and Japan
Authors: Yuba Mitsuru , Iwasaki Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of computer-aided detection (CAD) using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is rapidly evolving. Submission of AI/ML-based CAD devices for regulatory approval requires information about clinical trial design and performance criteria, but the requirements vary between countries. This study compares the requirements for AI/ML-based CAD devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in Japan. A list of 45 FDA-approved and 12 PMDA-approved AI/ML-based CAD devices was compiled. In the USA, devices classified as computer-aided simple triage were approved based on standalone software testing, whereas devices classified as computer-aided detection/diagnosis were approved based on reader study testing. In Japan, however, there was no clear distinction between evaluation methods according to the category. In the USA, a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted for AI/ML-based CAD devices used for the detection of colorectal polyps, whereas in Japan, such devices were approved based on standalone software testing. This study indicated that the different viewpoints of AI/ML-based CAD in the two countries influenced the selection of different evaluation methods. This study’s findings may be useful for defining a unified global development and approval standard for AI/ML-based CAD.
3D measurement techniques for the hindfoot alignment angle from weight-bearing CT in a clinical population
Authors: Pavani Chiara , Belvedere Claudio , Ortolani Maurizio , Girolami Mauro , Durante Stefano , Berti Lisa , Leardini Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCone-beam CT (CBCT) scans now enable accurate measurements on foot skeletal structures with the advantage of observing these in 3D and in weight-bearing. Among the most common skeletal deformities, the varus/valgus of the hindfoot is the most complex to be represented, and a number of measure proposals have been published. This study aims to analyze and to compare these measurements from CBCT scans in a real clinical population with large such deformity. Ten patients with severe acquired adult flatfoot and indication for surgery underwent CBCT scans (Carestream, USA) while standing on that leg, before and after surgical correction. Corresponding 3D shape of each bone of the distal shank and hindfoot were defined (Materialise, Belgium). Six different techniques from the literature were used to calculate the varus/valgus deformity, i.e. the inclination of the hindfoot in the frontal plane of the shank. Standard clinical measurements by goniometers were taken for comparison. According to these techniques, and starting from a careful 3D reconstruction of the relevant foot skeletal structures, a large spectrum of measurements was found to represent the same hindfoot alignment angle. Most of them were very different from the traditional clinical measures. The assessment of the pre-operative valgus deformity and of the corresponding post-operative correction varied considerably. CBCT finally allows 3D assessment of foot deformities in weight-bearing. Measurements from the different available techniques do not compare well, as they are based on very different approaches. It is recommended to be aware of the anatomical and functional concepts behind these techniques before clinical and surgical conclusions.