bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant movement‐related somatosensory cortical activity mediates the extent of the mobility impairments in persons with cerebral palsy
Authors: Trevarrow Michael P. , Taylor Brittany K. , Reelfs Anna M. , Wilson Tony W. , Kurz Max J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are numerous clinical reports showing that persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have proprioceptive, stereognosis, and tactile discrimination deficits. The current consensus is that these altered perceptions are attributable to aberrant somatosensory cortical activity. It has been inferred from these data that persons with CP do not adequately process ongoing sensory feedback during motor actions, which accentuates the extent of their mobility impairments. However, this hypothesis has yet to be directly tested. We used magnetoencephalographic brain imaging to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the somatosensory dynamics evoked by applying electrical stimulation to the tibial nerve in 22 persons with CP and 25 neurotypical controls at rest and during an ankle plantarflexion isometric force motor task. We also quantified the spatiotemporal gait biomechanics of participants outside the scanner. Consistent with the literature, our results confirmed that the strength of somatosensory cortical activity was weaker in the persons with CP compared to the neurotypical controls. Our results also showed that the strength of the somatosensory cortical responses were significantly weaker during the isometric ankle force task than at rest. Most importantly, our results showed that the strength of somatosensory cortical activity during the ankle plantarflexion force production task mediated the relationship between somatosensory cortical activity at rest and both walking velocity and step length. These results suggest that youth with CP have aberrant somatosensory cortical activity during isometric force generation, which ultimately contributes to the extent of mobility impairments seen in this patient population.
imageKey points
Persons with cerebral palsy have reduced somatosensory cortical responses at rest and during movement.
The somatosensory cortical responses during movement mediate the relationship between the somatosensory cortical responses at rest and mobility.
Persons with cerebral palsy may have altered sensorimotor feedback that ultimately contributes to impaired mobility.
Physics Assessment of the Impact of Modified End Pellets on Axial Power Peaking for Advanced/Nonconventional Uranium-Based Fuels in Pressure Tube Heavy Water Reactors
Authors: Yan Huiping V. , Bromley Blair P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Axial power peaking is a phenomenon with safety implications for pressure tube heavy water reactors (PT-HWRs). Since PT-HWRs use shorter (∼50 cm) bundles, there are small axial gaps, which expose the ends of the fuel elements to more neutron flux, and therefore results in higher power density levels occurring in the ends of the fuel elements. Power peaking has the potential to cause fuel damage and failure, if the local linear element rating (LER) exceeds 57 kW/m, and may be of greater concern for advanced, higher burnup fuels. Earlier studies have been done using three-dimensional mcnp models of a PT-HWR fuel bundle with slightly enriched uranium; they demonstrated that ThO2 could be used to reduce axial power peaking in fresh fuel. This result was achieved by replacing some of the UO2 with ThO2 in the last 3 cm of fuel pellets at each end of a fuel bundle. This study extends the previous work by performing 3D neutronics and burnup calculations using serpent, to evaluate how power peaking changes with burnup. In addition, alternative dilution materials (such as depleted UO2, ZrO2, and MgO) were also evaluated. It was found that axial power peaking can be significantly reduced by using the ThO2 dilution material for fresh fuel, while ZrO2 or MgO are even more effective at higher burnup levels. Dilution materials have little impact (less than 2%) on the exit burnup of the fuel.
Dimensionless Profiles of Temperature and Steam Mass Fraction in Flows of Steam-Air Mixtures on a Flat Plate
Authors: Murase Michio , Suzuki Tomonori , Utanohara Yoichi , Takaki Toshiya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWall functions are generally used in a turbulent analysis with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and large computation cells. The logarithmic law based on the analogy between momentum, energy, and mass transfer is widely used in wall functions for turbulent flows, but its validity in the turbulent boundary layer has not been confirmed for dimensionless profiles of temperature and steam mass fraction in flows of steam and noncondensable gases. In this article, therefore, we evaluated dimensionless profiles of temperature and steam mass fraction in flows of steam and air on a flat plate by using existing data. From the heat and mass transfer equations at the condensation surface based on the gradient of temperature or steam mass fraction, we showed that the convection heat flux qconv (which is used for the definition of the dimensionless temperature T+) should include the term of condensate mass flux ms and that the dimensionless steam mass fraction Ys+ should be a function of the dimensionless distance y+ (= uτ y/ν where uτ is the friction velocity), the Schmidt number Sc and the air mass fraction (1−Xs). Values obtained from the newly defined T+ and Ys+ and the existing data agreed relatively well with the linear function near the viscous sublayer (a few data points were there) but were much smaller than the existing logarithmic law due to condensation in the turbulent boundary layer (i.e., mist generation). On the other hand, the T+ and Ys+ values obtained by using the local Nusselt number Nuy and the local Sherwood number Shy (which were proposed in our previous study), respectively, agreed well with the logarithmic law.
Design and Performance Analyses of Evacuated U-Tube Solar Collector Using Data-Driven Machine Learning Models
Authors: Mohapatra Astarag , Tejes P. K. S. , Gembali Chatur , Kiran Naik B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, the implementation of data-driven machine learning (ML) models for design analysis and performance prediction of evacuated U-tube solar collectors (ETSCs) is investigated for the first time. Although evacuated U-tube solar collectors are widely investigated both numerically and experimentally, the implementation of data-driven machine learning models as an efficient predictive tool was not explored for the ETSC. So, to fill this literature gap, seven ML models such as linear regression with repeated K-fold cross-validation (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-square regression-I (PLSR-I), partial least-square regression-II (PLSR-II), support vector regression (SVR), and stochastic gradient descent regression (SGDR) are employed using three hundred experimental data points and are reported in the literature. The heat transfer fluid outlet temperature (Thtf,o), thermal energy gained by heat transfer fluid (Q˙htf), and ETSC efficiency (ɳETSC) are considered as output/performance parameters. The outcome of the predicted results suggests that the SGDR ML model is superior in predicting all the performance parameters showing R2 values of 0.98, 0.981, and 0.99 for “Thtf,o,” “Q˙htf,” and “ɳETSC,” respectively. Moreover, the KNN ML model showed weaker performance for predicting the output parameters. In addition, it is observed that the SGDR ML model has a low training time of 0.45 s when compared to other ML models. For the given operating range, the predicted optimal performance parameters such as “Thtf,o,” “Q˙htf,” and “ɳETSC” obtained from the SGDR ML model are 45 °C, 0.44 kW, and 71%, respectively. Furthermore, the recommendations and shortcomings associated with the ML models for the design and performance optimization of ETSC are also presented in detail.
Retrieval of Dispersion Dependences of Waveguide Modes from Ship Noise Measurements Using Two Synchronized Arrays
Authors: Yarina M. V. , Lunkov A. A. , Godin O. A. , Katsnelson B. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn approach is proposed for estimating the dispersion characteristics of waveguide modes from analysis of ship noise recorded by two closely spaced and synchronized vertical arrays. This approach was used for an experimental study of the mode structure of a low-frequency sound field in a shallow-water waveguide with a gas-saturated bottom in a wide frequency band (from 20 to 250 Hz). The experiment was carried out in Lake Kinneret (Israel), known for its high methane bubble content in the sedimentary layer (~1%) and, consequently, for the low sound speed in this layer (~100 m/s). The maximum depth in the area of the experiment was 40.4 m. The receiving system consisted of two 27 m vertical arrays spaced 40 m from each other and covering part of the waveguide below the thermocline. The noise source, the R/V Hermona, moved along a straight line connecting the arrays at distances of up to 1 km from them. The approach made it possible to isolate the frequency dependences of the phase velocities for the first 12 modes; these dependences proved close to those for a waveguide with an perfectly soft bottom, except for the frequency region near the cutoff frequency. The limitations and possible development of the technique are discussed.
Scurvy presenting primarily as gingival manifestation in a young child: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Chaluvaraj Rashmi , Ashley Paul F , Parekh Susan 
Published: June 2022

Vitamin C deficiency, historically known as scurvy, was associated with sailors in the Victorian times, however, a global review in 2020 suggests it still exists in certain at-risk groups.A case is presented of a young non-verbal child with learning difficulties and on a restricted diet, in which the primary symptom was gingival inflammation. It posed a diagnostic dilemma due to the non-specific symptoms, and a delay in the diagnosis, until vitamin C deficiency was confirmed.Gingival inflammation is one of the common findings in vitamin C deficiency and dental professionals may be the first point of contact. The importance of dietary evaluation, identifying and looking for other signs and liaising with the medical colleagues are discussed.This case highlights the role of the dentist in identifying latent cases of vitamin C deficiency and to consider this as a differential diagnosis especially in certain at-risk groups.
Uptake of guideline-recommended postpartum diabetes screening among diverse women with gestational diabetes: associations with patient factors in an integrated health system in the USA
Authors: Brown Susan D , Hedderson Monique M , Zhu Yeyi , Tsai Ai-Lin , Feng Juanran , Quesenberry Charles P , Ferrara Assiamira 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionClinical guidelines urge timely postpartum screening for diabetes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet patient factors associated with screening uptake remain unclear. We aimed to identify patient factors associated with completed postpartum diabetes screening (2-hour oral glucose tolerance test within 4–12 weeks postpartum), as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA).Research design and methodsWithin the context of Gestational Diabetes’ Effects on Moms (GEM), a pragmatic cluster randomized trial (2011–2012), we examined survey and electronic health record data to assess clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with uptake of ADA-recommended postpartum screening. Participants included 1642 women (76% racial/ethnic minorities) identified with GDM according to the Carpenter and Coustan criteria in a health system that deploys population-level strategies to promote screening. To contextualize these analyses, screening rates derived from the GEM trial were compared with those in the health system overall using registry data from a concurrent 10-year period (2007–2016, n=21 974).ResultsOverall 52% (n=857) completed recommended postpartum screening in the analytic sample, comparable to 45.7% (n=10 040) in the registry. Screening in the analytic sample was less likely among women at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes, assessed using items from an ADA risk test (vs non-elevated; adjusted rate ratio (aRR)=0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.98)); perinatal depression (0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)); preterm delivery (0.84 (0.72 to 0.98)); parity ≥2 children (vs 0; 0.80 (0.69 to 0.93)); or less than college education (0.79 (0.72 to 0.86)). Screening was more likely among Chinese Americans (vs White; 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49)); women who attended a routine postpartum visit (5.28 (2.99 to 9.32)); or women who recalled receiving healthcare provider advice about screening (1.31 (1.03 to 1.67)).ConclusionsGuideline-recommended postpartum diabetes screening varied by patient clinical and sociodemographic factors. Findings have implications for developing future strategies to improve postpartum care.
Commencement of flash glucose monitoring is associated with a decreased rate of depressive disorders among persons with diabetes (FLARE-NL7)
Authors: Bakker Julia J , Lameijer Annel , Flores Guerrero Jose L , Bilo Henk J G , van Dijk Peter R 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionDepressive disorders are more common among persons with diabetes, as compared with persons without diabetes. The burden of glucose management is known to associate with depressive symptoms. This study aims to assess the effects of commencement of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring (FSL-FGM) on the mental health status of persons with diabetes.Research design and methodsPost-hoc analysis of data from a 1-year prospective nationwide FSL-FGM registry. Participants who used FSL-FGM for 12 months and completed the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) questionnaires at baseline, 6 and 12 months were included. An SF-12v2Mental Component Score (MCS) of ≤45 was used as a cut-off to discriminate between persons with and without a depressive disorder.ResultsA total of 674 patients were included with a mean age of 48.2 (±15.8) years, 51.2% men, 78.2% type 1 diabetes and baseline HbA1c 62.8 (±13.4) mmol/mol (7.9±1.2%). At baseline, 235 (34.9%) persons had an SF-12 MCS ≤45 while after 6 and 12 months these numbers decreased: 202 (30.0%, p<0.01) and 173 (25.7%, p<0.01). Overall, MCS improved from 48.5 at baseline to 50.7 after 6 months and 51.3 after 12 months. In multivariable regression analysis, age and MCS at baseline were associated with improvement of MCS after 12 months of FSL-FGM use.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that use of FSL-FGM is associated with a decreased rate of depressive disorders among persons with diabetes. Future studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Mapping Chilean clinical research: a protocol for a scoping review and multiple evidence gap maps
Authors: Bracchiglione Javier , Meza Nicolás , Franco Juan Victor Ariel , Escobar Liquitay Camila Micaela , Munoz Sergio R , Urrutia Gerard , Madrid Eva 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionClinical research broadly aims to influence decision-making in order to promote appropriate healthcare. Funding agencies should prioritise research projects according to needed research topics, methodological and cost-effectiveness considerations, and expected social value. In Chile, there is no local diagnosis regarding recent clinical research that might inform prioritisation for future research funding. This research aims to comprehensively identify and classify Chilean health research studies, elaborating evidence gap maps for the most burdensome local conditions.Methods and analysisWe will search in electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and WoS) and perform hand searches to retrieve, identify and classify health research studies conducted in Chile or by authors whose affiliations are based in Chile, from 2000 onwards. We will elaborate evidence matrices for the 20 conditions with the highest burden in Chile (according to the Global Burden of Disease 2019) selected from those defined under the General Regime of the Health Guarantees Act. To elaborate the evidence gap maps, we will consider prioritised interventions and core outcome sets. To identify knowledge gaps and estimate redundant research, we will contrast these gap maps with the available international evidence of high or moderate certainty of evidence, for each specific clinical question. For this purpose, we will search systematic reviews using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required to conduct this project. We will submit our results in both peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. We will aim to disseminate our findings through different academic platforms, social media, local press, among others. The final results will be communicated to local funding agencies and government stakeholders.DiscussionWe aim to provide an accurate and up-to-date picture of the research gaps—to be filled by new future findings—and the identification of redundant research, which will constitute relevant information for local decision-makers.
Patients’ and physiotherapists’ perspectives on implementing a tailored stratified treatment approach for low back pain in Nigeria: a qualitative study
Authors: Adje Mishael , Steinhäuser Jost , Stevenson Kay , Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Karstens Sven 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundStratified care has the potential to be efficient in addressing the physical and psychosocial components of low back pain (LBP) and optimise treatment outcomes essential in low-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of physiotherapists and patients in Nigeria towards stratified care for the treatment of LBP, exploring barriers and enablers to implementation.MethodsA qualitative design with semistructured individual telephone interviews for physiotherapists and patients with LBP comprising research evidence and information on stratified care was adopted. Preceding the interviews, patients completed the Subgroups for Targeted Treatment tool. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed following grounded theory methodology.ResultsTwelve physiotherapists and 13 patients with LBP participated in the study (11 female, mean age 42.8 (SD 11.47) years). Seven key categories emerged: recognising the need for change, acceptance of innovation, resistance to change, adapting practice, patient’s learning journey, trusting the therapist and needing conviction. Physiotherapists perceived stratified care to be a familiar approach based on their background training. The prevalent treatment tradition and the patient expectations were seen as major barriers to implementation of stratified care by the physiotherapists. Patients see themselves as more informed than therapists realise, yet they need conviction through communication and education to cooperate with their therapist using this approach. Viable facilitators were also identified as patients’ trust in the physiotherapist and adaptations in terms of training and modification of the approach to enhance its use.ConclusionKey barriers identified are the patients’ treatment expectations and physiotherapists’ adherence to the tradition of practice. Physiotherapists might facilitate implementation of the stratified care by communication, hierarchical implementation and utilisation of patients’ trust. Possibilities to develop a consensus on key strategies to overcome barriers and on utilisation of facilitators should be tested in future research.
Impact of prolonged one or more natural menstrual cycles on the outcomes of ovulation induction intrauterine artificial insemination pregnancy: a single-centre, retrospective study in China
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Tang Han-Han , Zhou Ming-Lian 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesWe determined if the time interval between two ovulation induction intrauterine artificial insemination (IUI) treatment cycles should be extended by one or more natural menstrual cycles in patients undergoing successive cycles of ovulation stimulation, and whether this affects clinical pregnancy rate (CPR).DesignThis study was conducted on infertility patients treated under the ovulation induction programme IUI in a large reproductive centre in China. Study participants were assigned into continuous and discontinuous groups. Differences in baseline clinical pregnancy and abortion rates were compared between the groups. A multivariate logistic model was used to evaluate the effects of time interval on clinical pregnancy outcomes.SettingReproductive Centre of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Lianyungang city.InterventionsNone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was CPR, the secondary outcome measure was the abortion rate.ResultsA total of 550 IUI treatment cycles involving 275 couples were included in this study. Differences in CPR and abortion rate between the groups were not significant (20.5% vs 21.9% and 27.8% vs 22.0%, p≥0.05). Stratified analyses based on infertility factors did not reveal any significant differences in pregnancy and abortion rates between the groups (p≥0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that increased endometrial thickness correlates with CPR (OR 1.205, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.384, p=0.008). Compared with primary infertility, secondary infertility significantly correlated with improved CPR (OR 2.637, 95% CI 1.313 to 5.298, p=0.006). The effects of time interval between the first two ovulation induction IUI treatment cycles on clinical pregnancy were not significant (OR 1.007, 95% CI 0.513 to 1.974, p=0.985).ConclusionsLonger time intervals between the first two ovulation induction IUI treatment cycles did not significantly improve CPR. Therefore, in the absence of clear clinical indications, it may not be necessary to deliberately prolong the interval between two ovulation induction IUI treatment cycles.
Longitudinal plasma proteomic profiling of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Harel Michal , Lahav Coren , Jacob Eyal , Dahan Nili , Sela Itamar , Elon Yehonatan , Raveh Shoval Shani , Yahalom Galit , Kamer Iris , Zer Alona , Sharon Ofer , Carbone David P , Dicker Adam P , Bar Jair , Shaked Yuval 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the cancer therapy landscape due to long-term benefits in patients with advanced metastatic disease. However, robust predictive biomarkers for response are still lacking and treatment resistance is not fully understood.MethodsWe profiled approximately 800 pre-treatment and on-treatment plasma proteins from 143 ICI-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using ELISA-based arrays. Different clinical parameters were collected from the patients including specific mutations, smoking habits, and body mass index, among others. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify a predictive signature for response. Bioinformatics tools were used for the identification of patient subtypes and analysis of differentially expressed proteins and pathways in each response group.ResultsWe identified a predictive signature for response to treatment comprizing two proteins (CXCL8 and CXCL10) and two clinical parameters (age and sex). Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic profiles identified three distinct patient clusters that correlated with multiple parameters such as response, sex and TNM (tumors, nodes, and metastasis) staging. Patients who did not benefit from ICI therapy exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of several proteins on-treatment, and enrichment in neutrophil-related proteins.ConclusionsOur study reveals potential biomarkers in blood plasma for predicting response to ICI therapy in patients with NSCLC and sheds light on mechanisms underlying therapy resistance.