bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Surveillance Imaging Frequency on the Detection of Distant Disease for Patients with Resected Stage III Melanoma
Authors: Dieng Mbathio , Lord Sarah J. , Turner Robin M. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Menzies Alexander M. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Einstein Andrew J. , Emmett Louise , Thompson John F. , Lo Serigne N. , Morton Rachael L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
It is not known whether there is a survival benefit associated with more frequent surveillance imaging in patients with resected American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III melanoma.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate distant disease-free survival (DDFS), melanoma-specific survival (MSS), post distant recurrence MSS (dMSS), and overall survival for patients with resected stage III melanoma undergoing regular computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT surveillance imaging at different intervals.

Patients and Methods
A closely followed longitudinal cohort of patients with resected stage IIIA–D disease treated at a tertiary referral center underwent 3- to 4-monthly, 6-monthly, or 12-monthly surveillance imaging between 2000 and 2017. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and log-rank tests assessed the significance of survival differences between imaging frequency groups.

Results
Of 473 patients (IIIA, 19%; IIIB, 31%; IIIC, 49%; IIID, 1%) 30% underwent 3- to 4-monthly imaging, 10% underwent 6-monthly imaging, and 60% underwent 12-monthly imaging. After a median follow-up of 6.2 years, distant recurrence was recorded in 252 patients (53%), with 40% detected by surveillance CT or PET/CT, 43% detected clinically, and 17% with another imaging modality. Median DDFS was 5.1 years (95% confidence interval 3.9–6.6). Among 139 IIIC patients who developed distant disease, the median dMSS was 4.4 months shorter in those who underwent 3- to 4-monthly imaging than those who underwent 12-monthly imaging.

Conclusion
Selecting patients at higher risk of distant recurrence for more frequent surveillance imaging yields a higher proportion of imaging-detected distant recurrences but is not associated with improved survival. A randomized comparison of low versus high frequency imaging is needed.
Introduction of β-Diketone Unit to Polyfluorene Side Chain for Improving Color Stability and Electron Transporting Property
Authors: Cheng Jin , Kanehashi Shinji , Ogino Kenji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Poly[9,9-bis(2,4-octanedionyl)-9′,9′-di-n-octyl[2,2′-bi-9H-fluorene]-7,7′-diyl] (PFOA) was prepared with a β-diketone structure incorporated in the side chain and the optimal octyl length remained. Compared with poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) with a similar degree of polymerization, we found that the introduction of β-diketone brought about superior fluorescent, electrochemical and electron transporting properties, which suggested improved color stability and electron mobility.
Effects of Aerodynamic Drag and Drafting on Propulsive Force and Oxygen Consumption in Double Poling Cross-Country Skiing
Authors: AINEGREN MATS , LINNAMO VESA , LINDINGER STEFAN 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerodynamic drag and drafting on propulsive force (F
PROP), drag area (C
D
A), oxygen cost (V˙O2), metabolic rate (E˙), and heart rate (HR) during roller skiing on a treadmill in a wind tunnel using the double poling technique. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of wind versus no-wind test conditions on the same physiological parameters.

Methods
Ten subjects of each gender participated in the experiments. One pair of skiers of the same gender roller skied simultaneously in line with the air flow; the distance between the skiers was ~2.05 m. Each pair was tested as follows: I) with wind, leading; II) with wind, drafting; and III) without wind. The treadmill inclination was 0° throughout the tests. For the wind conditions, the air velocity was similar to the treadmill belt speed: 3 to 7 m·s−1 for men and 3 to 6 m·s−1 for women.

Results
Drafting resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower F
PROP,
C
D
A, V˙O2, and E˙, compared with leading, for both genders at racing speed but not at lower speeds, whereas HR was only affected for the male skiers at racing speed. The test without wind resulted in significantly lower F
PROP, V˙O2, and E˙ at all tested speeds compared with the tests with wind present, whereas HR was lower only at higher speeds.

Conclusions
At racing speed, but not at lower speeds, the positive effects of drafting behind a skier during double poling were obvious and resulted in a lower F
PROP, C
D
A, V˙O2, E˙, and HR. Tests without wind present put even lower demands on the skiers’ physiology, which was also evident at lower speeds.
One Bout of Resistance Training Does Not Enhance Metformin Actions in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals
Authors: MORENO-CABAÑAS ALFONSO , ORTEGA JUAN FERNANDO , MORALES-PALOMO FELIX , RAMIREZ-JIMENEZ MIGUEL , ALVAREZ-JIMENEZ LAURA , MORA-RODRIGUEZ RICARDO 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the separated and combined effects of metformin and resistance exercise on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Fourteen adults with a body mass index of 32.1 ± 4.1 kg·m−2, insulin resistance (HOMA-2 1.6 ± 0.6), and poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin, 6.9% ± 0.9%; 51.9 ± 10.7 mmol·mol−1) while taking metformin (1561 ± 470 g·d−1) were recruited. Participants underwent four 72-h long experimental trials in a randomized counterbalanced order, either 1) taking metformin (MET), 2) replacing metformin by placebo pills (PLAC), 3) taking placebo and undergoing a resistance training bout (RT + PLAC), and 4) taking metformin and undergoing the same RT bout (RT + MET). Interstitial fluid glucose concentration was frequently sampled to obtain 72-h glucose area under the curve (GAUC) and the percentage hyperglycemic glucose readings (>180 mg·dL−1; GPEAKS). Insulin sensitivity (i.e., HOMA-2) and IGF-1 were also assessed.

Results
HOMA-2 was not affected by treatments. GAUC and GPEAKS were similarly reduced below PLAC during RT + MET and MET (all P < 0.05). In contrast, RT + PLAC did not affect glucose concentration. Metformin decreased serum IGF-1 concentrations (P = 0.006), and RT did not reverse this reduction.

Conclusions
A bout of full-body RT does not interfere or aid on metformin’s blood glucose–lowering actions in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Altitude and Endurance Performance in Altitude Natives versus Lowlanders: Insights from Professional Cycling
Authors: MATEO-MARCH MANUEL , MURIEL XABIER , VALENZUELA PEDRO L. , GANDIA-SORIANO ALEXIS , ZABALA MIKEL , BARRANCO-GIL DAVID , PALLARÉS JESÚS G. , LUCIA ALEJANDRO 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Acute altitude exposure influences exercise performance, although most research, especially regarding altitude natives, comes from laboratory data in nonathletes.

Purpose
We analyzed the influence of altitude on real-world cycling performance in top-level professional cyclists attending to whether they were altitude natives or not.

Methods
Thirty-three male cyclists (29 ± 5 yr) were studied and were classified as lowlanders (n = 19) or altitude natives (n = 14) attending to the altitude of their place of birth (431 ± 380 and 2583 ± 334 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), respectively). Both groups included top 3 finishers (including winners) in the general classification of Grand Tours and major races. Using data from both training and competitions during years 2013–2020 (8 ± 5 seasons per cyclist), we registered participants’ mean maximal power (MMP) for efforts lasting 5 s, 30 s, 5 min, and 10 min, respectively, at altitudes ranging from 0–500 to >2000 m a.s.l.

Results
A significant altitude–MMP interaction effect (two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA) was found in lowlanders (P < 0.001) but not in altitude natives (P = 0.150). In lowlanders, individual performance decreased in a dose–response manner with increasing altitudes compared with sea (or near-sea) level (0–500 m a.s.l.), whereas this trend was much less evident in natives. A significant altitude–MMP–group effect was found (P < 0.001), with nonsignificant (and overall trivial-to-small differences) between lowlanders and altitude natives for any effort duration at altitudes ≤1500 m a.s.l. but with significant differences at higher altitudes (≥1501 m a.s.l.).

Conclusions
Acute altitude exposure influences real-world performance differently in low landers and altitude natives, which might confer a competitive advantage to the latter, particularly in races including efforts at >1500 m a.s.l.
Comparison of ten predictive equations for estimating lean body mass with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older patients
Authors: Puri Tanuj , Blake Glen M 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: White fat contributes to body weight (BW) but accumulates very little [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in the fasting state. As a result, higher standardised uptake values normalised to BW (SUV) are observed in non-fatty tissue in obese patients compared to those in non-obese patients. Therefore, SUV normalised to lean body mass (SUL) that makes tumour uptake values less dependent on patients’ body habitus is considered more appropriate. This study aimed to assess ten mathematical equations to predict lean body mass (LBM) by comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method. Methods: DXA-based LBM was compared with ten equation-based estimates of LBM in terms of the slope, bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Data from 747 men and 811 women aged 60–65 years were included. Results: Gallagher’s equation was optimal in males (slope = 0.13, bias = −2.4 kg, LOA = 12.8 kg and r = 0.900) while Janmahasatian’s equation was optimal in females (slope = 0.14, bias = −0.9 kg, LOA = 10.7 kg and r = 0.876). Janmahasatian’s equation performed slightly better than Gallagher’s in the pooled male and female data (slope = 0.00, bias = −1.6 kg, LOA = 12.3 kg and r = 0.959). Conclusions: The Gallagher and Janmahasatian equations were optimal and almost indistinguishable in predicting LBM in subjects aged 60–65 years. Advances in knowledge: Determination of the optimum equation for predicting lean body mass to improve the calculation of SUL for [18F]FDG PET quantification.
Added value of radiomics analysis in MRI invisible early-stage cervical cancers
Authors: Hu Qiming , Shi Jinming , Zhang Aining , Duan Shaofeng , Song Jiacheng , Chen Ting 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic ability of cervical mucosa radiomics signature of sagittal T2WI and T1 contrast-enhanced (CE) imaging in detecting early-stage cervical cancers with negative MRI. Methods: Preoperative images of postoperative pathology confirmed early-stage cervical cancer patients and normal cervix patients admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with cancer signals on T2WI, T1CE and DWI were deleted. Regions of interests (ROIs) were delineated on cervical mucosa (from cervical canal to cervical dome) with 5 mm width on sagittal T2WI and T1CE. The maximum-relevance and minimumredundancy (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were used for the calculation of radiomics signature scores. Diagnostic performance was assessed and compared between radiomics prediction models (model 1: T1CE; model 2: T2WI; model 3: model one combined with model 2). Differential diagnostic ability of radiomics signature in detecting lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI) was further explored. Results: Diagnostic performance of model three was higher than model 1 and model 2 both in primary (model 3 0.874, model 1 0.857, model 2 0.816) and validation (model 3 0.853, model 1 0.847, model 2 0.634) cohorts. Model 3 showed statistical diagnostic difference compared with model 2 (primary p = 0.008, validation p = 0.000). However, the diagnostic improvement ability of model 3 showed no statistical difference compared with model 1 (primary p = 0.351, validation p = 0.739). Diagnostic efficiency of model 3 in detecting LVSI was not apparent (AUC 0.64). Conclusions: Radiomics analysis of cervical mucosa combining T1CE and T2WI is promising for predicting MRI invisible early-stage cervical cancers, however further ability in detecting LVSI was not apparent. Advances in knowledge: Conventional MRI was originally defined as meaningless in very early-stage cervical cancers. However, whether MRI radiomics analysis of cervical mucosa can detecting tiny changes of invisible early stage cervical cancers has not been researched yet.
A novel genotyping method to determine copy number in a mouse line commonly used for inducible transgene expression in brain and spinal cord
Authors: Hobbs Eleanor , Ryan Sarah , Rollinson Sara , Allan Stuart , Pickering-Brown Stuart 
Published: February 2022

Background: The NEFH-tTA mouse has the human neurofilament heavy polypeptide promoter directing tetracycline-controlled transactivator protein (tTa) expression to the brain and spinal cord, allowing tissue-specific and doxycycline-suppressible expression of a target gene. Current genotyping protocols can only differentiate between wild-type and transgenic animals. Being able to differentiate between hemizygous and homozygous animals would be beneficial in experiment planning and reducing animal numbers. Methods: We have identified the insertion site of the NEFH-tTA transgene via targeted locus amplification and next-generation sequencing. This was then used to design a multiplex PCR assay to distinguish between hemizygous and homozygous mice. Results: The NEFH-tTA transgene is located on chromosome 12. Our genotyping method can identify hemizygous and homozygous mice. Conclusions: The NEFH-tTA transgenic mouse line is a useful tool for studying a wide range of diseases including frontotemporal dementia and motor neuron disease, as well as other neurodevelopmental, neuromuscular or neurodegenerative disorders. We have designed and utilised a novel genotyping assay to distinguish between hemizygous and homozygous mice, involving a simple PCR assay. This is easily adaptable to a laboratory-specific protocol or machine, and will allow refinement of breeding strategies and a reduction in the number of animals that cannot be used in experiments.
A data processing approach with built-in spatial resolution reduction methods to construct energy system models
Authors: Fleischer Christian Etienne 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Data processing is a crucial step in energy system modelling which prepares input data from various sources into a format needed to formulate a model. Multiple open-source web-hosted databases offer pre-processed input data within the European context. However, the number of documented open-source data processing workflows that allow for the construction of energy system models with specified spatial resolution reduction methods is still limited. Methods: The first step of the data-processing method builds a dataset using web-hosted pre-processed data and open-source software. The second step aggregates the dataset using a specified spatial aggregation method. The spatially aggregated dataset is used as input data to construct sector-coupled energy system models. Results: To demonstrate the application of the data processing process, three power and heat optimisation models of Germany were constructed using the proposed data processing approach. Significant variation in generation, transmission and storage capacity of electricity were observed between the optimisation results of the energy system models. Conclusions: This paper presents a novel data processing approach to construct sector-coupled energy system models with integrated spatial aggregations methods.
Managing with Style? Microevidence on the Allocation of Managerial Attention
Authors: Lo Desmond (Ho-Fu) , Brahm Francisco , Dessein Wouter , Minami Chieko 
Published: February 2022

How does task expertise affect the allocation of attention? Our theory argues that when attention is scarce, expertise and attention are complements: A manager optimally focuses her attention on tasks in which she has relatively more expertise; she “manages with style.” In contrast, when attention is abundant, attention and expertise become substitutes: A manager shifts her attention toward tasks in which she has less expertise; she “manages against her style.” Using microlevel data on managers from two unrelated companies and employing various measures of time stress and managerial attention, we find converging and supporting evidence. A manager’s attention capacity determines whether she manages with style or against it. Whereas current behavioral approaches view managing with style as prevalent and biased, our theory and findings suggest, instead, that it is contingent and optimal. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: C. Minami received financial support from MEXT/the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Multi-Year Grant 16H02035]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4269 .
Simple and Approximately Optimal Contracts for Payment for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Li Wanyi Dai , Ashlagi Itai , Lo Irene 
Published: February 2022

Many countries have adopted payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs to reduce deforestation. Empirical evaluations find such programs, which pay forest owners to conserve forest, can lead to anywhere from no impact to a 50% reduction in deforestation level. To better understand the potential effectiveness of PES contracts, we use a principal–agent model, in which the agent has an observable amount of initial forest land and a privately known baseline conservation level. Commonly used conditional contracts perform well when the environmental value of forest is sufficiently high or sufficiently low, but can do arbitrarily poorly compared with the optimal contract for intermediate values. We identify a linear contract with a distribution-free per-unit price that guarantees at least half of the optimal contract payoff. A numerical study using U.S. land use data supports our findings and illustrates when linear or conditional contracts are likely to be more effective. This paper was This paper was accepted by Beril Toktay, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: W. Dai Li was supported by a Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship. I. Lo was supported by an Environmental Venture Project Grant from the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Supplemental Material: Data and the e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4273 .
Dynamic Inventory Repositioning in On-Demand Rental Networks
Authors: Benjaafar Saif , Jiang Daniel , Li Xiang , Li Xiaobo 
Published: February 2022

We consider a rental service with a fixed number of rental units distributed across multiple locations. The units are accessed by customers without prior reservation and on an on-demand basis. Customers can decide on how long to keep a unit and where to return it. Because of the randomness in demand and in returns, there is a need to periodically reposition inventory away from some locations and into others. In deciding on how much inventory to reposition and where, the system manager balances potential lost sales with repositioning costs. Although the problem is increasingly common in applications involving on-demand rental services, not much is known about the nature of the optimal policy for systems with a general network structure or about effective approaches to solving the problem. In this paper, first, we show that the optimal policy in each period can be described in terms of a well-specified region over the state space. Within this region, it is optimal not to reposition any inventory, whereas, outside the region, it is optimal to reposition but only such that the system moves to a new state that is on the boundary of the no-repositioning region. We also provide a simple check for when a state is in the no-repositioning region. Second, we leverage the features of the optimal policy, along with properties of the optimal cost function, to propose a provably convergent approximate dynamic programming algorithm to tackle problems with a large number of dimensions. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, optimization. Funding: The research of S. Benjaafar is in part funded by the US National Science Foundation (NS) [Grant SCC-1831140]. The research of X. Li is in part funded by the SingaporeMinistry of Education [Grant R-266-000-128-133]. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment [NSF Grant ACI-1548562], the Bridges-2 system [NSF Grant ACI-1445606], and resources from the University of Pittsburgh Center for Research Computing. Supplemental Material: Data and the electronic companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4286 .
Media training for future education professionals: A study of the Spanish Context
Authors: Rodríguez-Hoyos Carlos , Fueyo Gutiérrez Aquilina 
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of research aimed at finding out how training in media education is being developing in Spanish Universities. From a methodological perspective, this work is part of what can be considered a mixed research paradigm. In the first phase, the content of 179 study guides from 83 Spanish universities was analysed using a thematic coding system to analyse the data. In the second phase, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with university teachers in charge of teaching subjects related to media education in order to understand how they were developing these experiences (methodologies used, systems of assessment, etc.). The results show that the presence of dimensions of media education in curricula is unequal and that teachers are using a wide range of teaching methods and evaluation tools. This study suggests that the education authorities and university teachers should rethink training for future teachers and include contents that facilitate understanding the functioning of the media as a way of accessing diverse cultural representations.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of orange-red carbon dots
from the paper tissues as the precursor
Authors: Lu Yujie , Gao Hui , Chen Buxi , Xue Zhipeng , Shang Yunpeng , Xu Jinzeng , Yin Wenzhi , Yang Taiqun , Li Xiaolong , Chen Guoqing 
Published: February 2022

In recent years, stable and photoluminescence (PL) tunable fluorescent materials known
as carbon dots (CDs) have seen rapid development. Here, a simple,
low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach has been developed to
synthesize the orange-red CDs (OR-CDs) with paper tissues as the
precursor in the presence of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid.
The average diameter of the OR-CDs was measured at around 1.25 nm. The
as-prepared OR-CDs are composed of carbon cores with the graphite
structure distributed in the middle and wrapped or entangled by
polymers for the outside. Moreover, the PL characteristics of the
OR-CDs under the dilute solution state and the concentrated solution
state, respectively, were explored. The former with the blue light
showed prominent excitation-dependent characteristics in the range
from 365 to 420 nm; the latter rendered the excitation-independent
property with distinguished orange-red fluorescence emission. With an
increase in the concentration, the emission fluorescence intensities
gradually increased under the excitation wavelength of 540 nm, which
can be attributed to the aggregation-induced emission property of the
OR-CDs. By virtue of their excellent PL properties and low toxicity,
we believe that the OR-CDs have potential applications in various
optoelectronic areas, especially in white LED fields.