bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the inner circumgalactic medium and quasar illumination around the reddest ‘extremely red quasar’
Authors: Lau Marie Wingyee , Hamann Fred , Gillette Jarred , Perrotta Serena , Rupke David S N , Wylezalek Dominika , Zakamska Nadia L 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Dusty quasars might be in a young stage of galaxy evolution with prominent quasar feedback. A recently discovered population of luminous, extremely red quasars at z ∼ 2–4 has extreme spectral properties related to exceptionally powerful quasar-driven outflows. We present Keck/KCWI observations of the reddest known ERQ, at z = 2.3184, with extremely fast [O iii] λ5007 outflow at ∼6000 km s−1. The Lyα halo spans ∼100 kpc. The halo is kinematically quiet, with velocity dispersion ∼300 km s−1 and no broadening above the dark matter circular velocity down to the spatial resolution ∼6 kpc from the quasar. We detect spatially resolved He ii λ1640 and C iv λ1549 emissions with kinematics similar to the Lyα halo and a narrow component in the [O iii] λ5007. Quasar reddening acts as a coronagraph, allowing views of the innermost halo. A narrow Lyα spike in the quasar spectrum is inner halo emission, confirming the broad C iv λ1549 in the unresolved quasar is blueshifted by 2240 km s−1 relative to the halo frame. We propose the inner halo is dominated by moderate-speed outflow driven in the past and the outer halo dominated by inflow. The high central concentration of the halo and the symmetric morphology of the inner region are consistent with the ERQ being in earlier evolutionary stage than blue quasars. The He ii λ1640/Lyα ratio of the inner halo and the asymmetry level of the overall halo are dissimilar to Type II quasars, suggesting unique physical conditions for this ERQ that are beyond orientation differences from other quasar populations. We find no evidence of mechanical quasar feedback in the Lyα-emitting halo.
Insights into the origin of halo mass profiles from machine learning
Authors: Lucie-Smith Luisa , Adhikari Susmita , Wechsler Risa H 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The mass distribution of dark matter haloes is the result of the hierarchical growth of initial density perturbations through mass accretion and mergers. We use an interpretable machine-learning framework to provide physical insights into the origin of the spherically-averaged mass profile of dark matter haloes. We train a gradient-boosted-trees algorithm to predict the final mass profiles of cluster-sized haloes, and measure the importance of the different inputs provided to the algorithm. We find two primary scales in the initial conditions (ICs) that impact the final mass profile: the density at approximately the scale of the haloes’ Lagrangian patch RL ($R\sim 0.7\, R_L$) and that in the large-scale environment (R ∼ 1.7 RL). The model also identifies three primary time-scales in the halo assembly history that affect the final profile: (i) the formation time of the virialized, collapsed material inside the halo, (ii) the dynamical time, which captures the dynamically unrelaxed, infalling component of the halo over its first orbit, (iii) a third, most recent time-scale, which captures the impact on the outer profile of recent massive merger events. While the inner profile retains memory of the ICs, this information alone is insufficient to yield accurate predictions for the outer profile. As we add information about the haloes’ mass accretion history, we find a significant improvement in the predicted profiles at all radii. Our machine-learning framework provides novel insights into the role of the ICs and the mass assembly history in determining the final mass profile of cluster-sized haloes.
Regulation of both transcription and RNA turnover contribute to germline specification
Authors: Tan Kun , Wilkinson Miles F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The nuanced mechanisms driving primordial germ cells (PGC) specification remain incompletely understood since genome-wide transcriptional regulation in developing PGCs has previously only been defined indirectly. Here, using SLAMseq analysis, we determined genome-wide transcription rates during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to form epiblast-like (EpiLC) cells and ultimately PGC-like cells (PGCLCs). This revealed thousands of genes undergoing bursts of transcriptional induction and rapid shut-off not detectable by RNAseq analysis. Our SLAMseq datasets also allowed us to infer RNA turnover rates, which revealed thousands of mRNAs stabilized and destabilized during PGCLC specification. mRNAs tend to be unstable in ESCs and then are progressively stabilized as they differentiate. For some classes of genes, mRNA turnover regulation collaborates with transcriptional regulation, but these processes oppose each other in a surprisingly high frequency of genes. To test whether regulated mRNA turnover has a physiological role in PGC development, we examined three genes that we found were regulated by RNA turnover: Sox2, Klf2 and Ccne1. Circumvention of their regulated RNA turnover severely impaired the ESC-to-EpiLC and EpiLC-to-PGCLC transitions. Our study demonstrates the functional importance of regulated RNA stability in germline development and provides a roadmap of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation during germline specification.
A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508
Authors: Harakawa Hiroki , Takarada Takuya , Kasagi Yui , Hirano Teruyuki , Kotani Takayuki , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Omiya Masashi , Kawahara Hajime , Fukui Akihiko , Hori Yasunori , Ishikawa Hiroyuki Tako , Ogihara Masahiro , Livingston John , Brandt Timothy D , Currie Thayne , Aoki Wako , Beichman Charles A , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus , Ishizuka Masato , Izumiura Hideyuki , Jacobson Shane , Janson Markus , Kambe Eiji , Kodama Takanori , Kokubo Eiichiro , Konishi Mihoko , Krishnamurthy Vigneshwaran , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kurokawa Takashi , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Kwon Jungmi , Matsumoto Yuji , McElwain Michael W , Mitsui Koyu , Nakagawa Takao , Narita Norio , Nishikawa Jun , Nugroho Stevanus K , Serabyn Eugene , Serizawa Takuma , Takahashi Aoi , Ueda Akitoshi , Uyama Taichi , Vievard Sébastien , Wang Ji , Wisniewski John , Tamura Motohide , Sato Bun’ei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report the near-infrared radial velocity (RV) discovery of a super-Earth planet on a 10.77 d orbit around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 (Jmag = 9.1). Using precision RVs from the Subaru Telescope IRD (InfraRed Doppler) instrument, we derive a semi-amplitude of $3.92^{+0.60}_{-0.58}\:\mbox{m}\:{\mbox{s}^{-1}}$, corresponding to a planet with a minimum mass $m \sin i = 4.00^{+0.53}_{-0.55}\, M_{\oplus }$. We find no evidence of significant signals at the detected period in spectroscopic stellar activity indicators or MEarth photometry. The planet, Ross 508 b, has a semi-major axis of $0.05366^{+0.00056}_{-0.00049}\:$au. This gives an orbit-averaged insolation of ≈1.4 times the Earth’s value, placing Ross 508 b near the inner edge of its star’s habitable zone. We have explored the possibility that the planet has a high eccentricity and its host is accompanied by an additional unconfirmed companion on a wide orbit. Our discovery demonstrates that the near-infrared RV search can play a crucial role in finding a low-mass planet around cool M dwarfs like Ross 508.
A diRNA–protein scaffold module mediates SMC5/6 recruitment in plant DNA repair
Authors: Jiang Jieming , Ou Xiaolin , Han Danlu , He Zhipeng , Liu Song , Mao Ning , Zhang Zhonghui , Peng Chang-Lian , Lai Jianbin , Yang Chengwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In eukaryotes, the STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOME 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex is critical to maintaining chromosomal structures around double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA damage repair. However, the recruitment mechanism of this conserved complex at DSBs remains unclear. In this study, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we found that SMC5/6 localization at DSBs is dependent on the protein scaffold containing INVOLVED IN DE NOVO 2 (IDN2), CELL DIVISION CYCLE 5 (CDC5), and ALTERATION/DEFICIENCY IN ACTIVATION 2B (ADA2b), whose recruitment is further mediated by DNA-damage-induced RNAs (diRNAs) generated from DNA regions around DSBs. The physical interactions of protein components including SMC5–ADA2b, ADA2b–CDC5, and CDC5–IDN2 result in formation of the protein scaffold. Further analysis indicated that the DSB localization of IDN2 requires its RNA-binding activity and ARGONAUTE 2 (AGO2), indicating a role for the AGO2–diRNA complex in this process. Given that most of the components in the scaffold are conserved, the mechanism presented here, which connects SMC5/6 recruitment and small RNAs, will improve our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in eukaryotes.
The maize genematernal derepression of r1encodes a DNA glycosylase that demethylates DNA and reduces siRNA expression in the endosperm
Authors: Gent Jonathan I , Higgins Kaitlin M , Swentowsky Kyle W , Fu Fang-Fang , Zeng Yibing , Kim Dong won , Dawe R Kelly , Springer Nathan M , Anderson Sarah N 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDemethylation of transposons can activate the expression of nearby genes and cause imprinted gene expression in the endosperm; this demethylation is hypothesized to lead to expression of transposon small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that reinforce silencing in the next generation through transfer either into egg or embryo. Here we describe maize (Zea mays) maternal derepression of r1 (mdr1), which encodes a DNA glycosylase with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana DEMETER and which is partially responsible for demethylation of thousands of regions in endosperm. Instead of promoting siRNA expression in endosperm, MDR1 activity inhibits it. Methylation of most repetitive DNA elements in endosperm is not significantly affected by MDR1, with an exception of Helitrons. While maternally-expressed imprinted genes preferentially overlap with MDR1 demethylated regions, the majority of genes that overlap demethylated regions are not imprinted. Double mutant megagametophytes lacking both MDR1 and its close homolog DNG102 result in early seed failure, and double mutant microgametophytes fail pre-fertilization. These data establish DNA demethylation by glycosylases as essential in maize endosperm and pollen and suggest that neither transposon repression nor genomic imprinting is its main function in endosperm.
Health Coaching for Low Back Pain and Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Prior Joanna Louise , Vesentini Giovana , Michell De Gregorio Jose Antonio , Ferreira Paulo H , Hunter David J , Ferreira Manuela L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Health coaching aims to empower people to reach their goals and is increasingly used in health care settings. Whether health coaching improves pain and disability for people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) or low back pain (LBP) is unknown.

Methods
Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing health coaching or motivational programs in adults with hip or knee OA or LBP, with each condition investigated independently. Meta-analyses were performed with random-effects models in the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.3 program.

Results
Seventeen eligible studies were found. No studies analyzing hip OA alone were found. Pooled analyses found statistically significant decreases in mid-term pain (mean difference [MD]: –7.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –10.08 to –5.07; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 0%), short-term disability (standard mean difference [SMD]: –0.22; 95% CI: –0.41 to –0.03; P = 0.02, z = 2.32, I2 = 0%), and mid-term disability (SMD: –0.42; 95% CI: –0.75 to –0.09; P = 0.01, z = 2.49, I2 = 60%), favoring the intervention for chronic LBP. There were significant improvements in knee OA long-term functional disability (MD: –3.04; 95% CI: –5.70 to –0.38; P = 0.03; z = 2.24; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
Meta-analyses provide evidence that health coaching reduces both disability and pain in people with chronic LBP and reduces disability in people with knee OA, though the clinical significance is unknown. There is currently no evidence supporting or refuting the use of health coaching for hip OA.
Techniques for advanced glycation end product measurements for diabetic bone disease: pitfalls and future directions
Authors: Sroga Grażyna E. , Stephen Samuel J. , Wang Bowen , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Multiple biochemical and biophysical approaches have been broadly used for detection and quantitation of posttranslational protein modifications associated with diabetic bone, yet these techniques present a variety of challenges. In this review, we discuss recent advancements and complementary roles of analytical (UPLC/UPLC-MS/MS and ELISA) and biophysical (Raman and FTIR) techniques used for characterization of glycation products, measured from bone matrix and serum, and provide recommendations regarding the selection of a technique for specific study of diabetic bone.

Recent findings
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes contribute to the formation of a large subgroup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) known as glycoxidation end products (AGOEs). AGEs/AGOEs have various adverse effects on bone health. Commonly, accumulation of AGEs/AGOEs leads to increased bone fragility. For example, recent studies show that carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine (PEN) are formed in bone at higher levels in certain diseases and metabolic conditions, in particular, in diabetes and aging. Detection and quantitation of AGEs/AGOEs in rare and/or precious samples is feasible because of a number of technological advancements of the past decade.

Summary
Recent technological advancements have led to a significant improvement of several key analytical biochemistry and biophysics techniques used for detection and characterization of AGEs/AGOEs in bone and serum. Their principles and applications to skeletal tissue studies as well as limitations are discussed in this review.
The future of telehealth in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cobry Erin C. , Wadwa R. Paul 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Although telemedicine and telehealth services have been a part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinical care for several decades, the expansion of in-home telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased interest in long-term use as part of routine care. This review highlights the current literature regarding telemedicine in T1D care as well as the benefits and barriers to use in a postpandemic world.

Recent findings
Telemedicine has increased patient contact with healthcare providers, allowing for more frequent insulin dose adjustments and improvements in glycemic outcomes. In addition to routine clinical care, T1D device training and mental healthcare have been successful through telemedicine. Significant barriers to continued telemedicine care exist, including patient access and technology knowledge, language, and loss of face-to-face interaction. Healthcare providers additionally face unpredictable reimbursement and loss of continuity across state lines, and lack of resources and training for device downloads and telemedicine software.

Summary
Telemedicine can be successfully used in T1D care and has the potential to significantly impact glycemic and long-term outcomes. Due to continued interest for in-person visits by people with T1D and providers, it is likely that long-term telemedicine use will include a hybrid format.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To describe recent development of an autoantigen (GAD) treatment towards well tolerated and efficacious precision medicine in type 1 diabetes.

Recent findings
Although subcutaneous GAD-alum treatment failed to reach primary endpoint in a phase III trial, metanalyses showed a 97% probability of efficacy, and clear efficacy in patients carrying Hyman Leucoycte Antigen (HLA) DR3DQ2. Efforts have been made to improve efficacy by trying combination therapies with vitamin D + Ibuprofen resp vitamin D + Etanercept (TNF-α inhibition), without any breakthrough until the administration of GAD-alum was changed from subcutaneous to intralymphatic. With a very small dose of GAD-alum (4 μg) given into an inguinal lymph three times with 1 month interval, the efficacy in patients with HLADR3DQ2 has been impressive, with significantly better beta cell preservation than patients who got placebo in a double-blind randomized trial, and clinical efficacy with more patients in partial remission (IDAA1c < 9) and larger proportion of patients with CGM-measured blood glucose Time In Range (TIR), significantly correlated to the C-peptide values. The treatment has been easy for patients and healthcare without treatment-related risk or adverse events.

Summary
Intralymphatic GAD-alum treatment in type 1 diabetes patients carrying HLA DR3DQ2 seems to be an attractive immune intervention.
Association of Fear of Falling With Cognition and Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Wang Qian X. , Ye Zhu M. , Wu Wei J. , Zhang Yu , Wang Cong L. , Zheng Hua G. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Fear of falling (FOF) might be associated with physical and cognitive function, but there is a lack of understanding of the specific relationship between the three variables.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to accurately investigate the association of FOF with cognitive and physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Six hundred sixty-nine older adults (>60 years old) participated in this study. A self-report questionnaire collected information about demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and behavioral habits. FOF was evaluated through the Shortened Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International. Global cognitive function and the subdomains of cognitive function (including memory, visual–spatial, language, attention, and executive function) were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale, the Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), the Verbal Fluency Test, and the Trail Making Test. Subjective memory complaints were assessed using the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire. Physical function was evaluated by measuring muscle strength and balance ability, and muscle strength was indicated by hand grip strength. In contrast, balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.

Results
After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the linear or ordinal regression analysis showed that the values of hand grip strength, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and CDT were significantly and negatively correlated with the score of FOF. On the other hand, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire and TUG Test values showed significant positive correlations with FOF scores. Moreover, compared with other cognitive or physical measures, the CDT and TUG Test values showed a greater association with the FOF scores.

Discussion
Low subjective or objective cognitive ability and low physical function, especially low visuospatial and balance ability, were positively associated with the risk of FOF in a community-dwelling older population.
Recovery in Stroke Patients Treated With Fluoxetine Versus Placebo
Authors: Elsnhory Ahmed , Hasan Mohammed T. , Hagrass Abdulrahman I. , Hanbal Ahmed , Fathy Anas , Ahmed Eslam , Ouerdane Yassamine , Ragab Khaled M. , Elfil Mohamed , Doheim Mohamed F. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Stroke is a major cause of disability and death. Stroke recovery outcomes range from functional impairment to disability. This study was designed to compare the recovery results of stroke patients treated with fluoxetine to those treated with placebo.

Review Summary:
Seventeen randomized clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until June 2021. Fluoxetine enhances the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score [mean difference (MD)=−0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.19 to −0.15)] and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) score [MD=17.36, 95% CI (12.12-22.61)] at the 3-month follow up. However, the NIHSS score showed no significant difference between the 2 groups at 2 weeks [MD=−0.32, 95% CI (−0.72 to 0.07)] or at 6 months [MD=−0.17, 95% CI (−0.47 to 0.14)]. Fluoxetine-treated and placebo-treated patients had the same overall impact on FMMS scores at 1 month (P=0.41). Barthel index showed no significant difference between the 2 arms at 3 months (P=0.21) or 6 months (P=0.68). Fluoxetine-treated patients were at a higher risk of broken bone [risk ratios (RR)=2.30, 95% CI (1.59-3.32)] and hyponatremia [RR=2.12, 95% CI (1.19-3.76)], and at lower risk of new depression [RR=0.72, 95% CI (0.61-0.84)] in comparison with placebo.

Conclusion:
The efficacy of fluoxetine on the NIHSS and FMMS is likely to take time to emerge and is expected to be transient. The Barthel index score did not differ between the fluoxetine and placebo groups. The use of fluoxetine increased the incidence of hyponatremia and bone fractures while decreasing the risk of new-onset depression.
Hepatic Cysts
Authors: Armutlu Ayse , Quigley Brian , Choi Hegyong , Basturk Olca , Akkas Gizem , Pehlivanoglu Burcin , Memis Bahar , Jang Kee-Taek , Erkan Mert , Erkan Burcu , Balci Serdar , Saka Burcu , Bagci Pelin , Farris Alton B. , Kooby David A. , Martin Diego , Kalb Bobby , Maithel Shishir K. , Sarmiento Juan , Reid Michelle D. , Adsay N. Volkan 
Published: July 2022

The literature on liver cysts is highly conflicting, mostly owing to definitional variations. Two hundred and fifty-eight ≥1 cm cysts evaluated pathologically using updated criteria were classifiable as: I. Ductal plate malformation related (63%); that is, cystic bile duct hamartoma or not otherwise specified-type benign biliary cyst (35 with polycystic liver disease). These were female predominant (F/M=2.4), large (10 cm), often multifocal with degenerative/inflammatory changes and frequently misclassified as “hepatobiliary cystadenoma.” II. Neoplastic (13%); 27 (10.5%) had ovarian-type stroma (OTS) and qualified as mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) per World Health Organization (WHO). These were female, solitary, mean age 52, mean size 11 cm, and 2 were associated with carcinoma (1 in situ and 1 microinvasive). There were 3 intraductal papillary neoplasms, 1 intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm, 1 cystic cholangiocarcinoma, and 2 cystic metastasis. III. Infectious/inflammatory (12%). These included 23 hydatid cysts (including 2 Echinococcus alveolaris both misdiagnosed preoperatively as cancer), nonspecific inflammatory cysts (abscesses, inflammatory cysts: 3.4%). IV. Congenital (7%). Mostly small (<3 cm); choledochal cyst (5%), foregut cyst (2%). V. Miscellaneous (4%). In conclusion, hepatic cysts occur predominantly in women (3/1), are mostly (90%) non-neoplastic, and seldom (<2%) malignant. Cystic bile duct hamartomas and their relative not otherwise specified-type benign biliary cysts are frequently multifocal and often misdiagnosed as “cystadenoma/carcinoma.” Defined by OTS, MCNs (the true “hepatobiliary cystadenoma/carcinoma”) are solitary, constitute only 10.5% of hepatic cysts, and have a significantly different profile than the impression in the literature in that essentially all are perimenopausal females, and rarely associated with carcinoma (7%). Since MCNs can only be diagnosed by demonstration of OTS through complete microscopic examination, it is advisable to avoid the term “cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma” solely based on radiologic examination, and the following simplified terminology would be preferable in preoperative evaluation to avoid conflicts with the final pathologic diagnosis: (1) noncomplex (favor benign), (2) complex (in 3 subsets, as favor benign, cannot rule out malignancy, or favor malignancy), (3) malignant features.