bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some comments related to the international child abduction as regulated by the Council Regulation (EU) no. 1111/2019 and the Romanian Case Law
Authors: Anițe Nadia-Cerasela , Mareș Cristian 
Published: October 2022

Considering that the international child abduction has increased nowadays, as it results from the Romanian case law, we have decided to study this part of the new Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulation No. 1111/2019”).
For this purpose, we shall also outline the differences between the Regulation No. 1111/2019 and the Council Regulation (EC) No. 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulation No. 2201/2003”), which shall be repealed by the Regulation No. 1111/2019 from the 1st of August 2022.
The international child abduction is included in the title of a regulation for the first time. As well, a special chapter related to the international child abduction was inserted – Chapter III, articles 22-29. This amendment included by the Regulation No. 1111/2019 is not only useful, but also natural, given that the issue of the international child abduction is a complete separate issue from the parental responsibility and the exercise of this responsibility.
The new Regulation No. 1111/2019 provides clarifications in relation to the period when the seised court must give its decision, in article 24, entitled Expeditious court proceedings.
In accordance with the legal provisions of both the Regulation No. 1111/2019 and the 1980 Hague Convention, for ordering the return of a child the following conditions must be met: (i) there has been a breach of the rights of custody, (ii) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention, (iii) the child was habitually resident immediately before the wrongful removal or retention in the state where the return is requested, (iv) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child had not consented to or subsequently acquiesced in the removal or retention, (v) no exception provided by articles 12 and 13 of the 1980 Hague Convention applies.
A Magnetic Levitation Turbine Generator for Downhole Electronic Devices
Authors: Fu Tao , Yang Qinghai , Yu Chuan , Li Ming , Liao Chenglong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the popularization of electronic wellbore control devices, downhole power supply becomes more and more important. A downhole generator can transform the mechanical energy of underground fluid into electric energy, which is an ideal way to provide power for electrical devices. However, traditional generators have the disadvantages of large starting flow and short service life due to dynamic friction.
In this paper, a magnetic levitation turbine generator is introduced to solve the common problem of dynamic friction of packing in a shaft generator. In theory, downhole flow can provide the impact force to spin the turbine. However, the axial component of this force pushes the turbine into the supporting area so much that the friction between them may create too much resistance to start the rotation. To solve this problem, a magnetic levitation structure is proposed in this paper to provide a counterforce to the axial component of the thrust of flow, so that the turbine and the rotor core can float in the pipeline, thus completely eliminating contact friction and allowing free rotation of the turbine.
Through 3D printing, turbines of different blade numbers, and blade angles were manufactured. Three design schemes were assembled using these turbines. The experimental results showed that all the turbines can rotate smoothly at high speed and the magnet levitation structure worked well. The rotational stabilities of turbines with magnetic levitation structure at one end and two ends were compared. The experiment showed that the inertia of the turbine with magnetic suspension structure at both ends was greatly reduced and the rotation was more stable. At a flow rate of 100-150m3/d, the rotating speed of the turbine was 600-1500rpm. The output power was 73mW after, which is enough to charge the batteries of downhole electronic devices.
Using magnet levitation structure, the turbine generator can overcome the shortcoming of traditional downhole power generators. Such a new generator is expected to offer an intriguing alternative for long-term power supply of downhole electronic devices, which is an important prerequisite for the wellbore control to progress from mechanization to automation.
Implications of Recent Research into the Application of Graded Particles or Micro-Proppants for Coal Seam Gas and Shale Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Johnson Raymond Leslie , Ramanandraibe Honja Miharisoa , Di Vaira Nathan , Leonardi Chris , You Zhenjiang , Santiago Vanessa , Ribeiro Ayrton , Badalyan Alexander , Bedrikovetsky Pavel , Zeinijahromi Abbas , Carageorgos Themis , Sanchez-Barra Angel , Chalaturnyk Rick , Deisman Nathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Low permeability, naturally fractured reservoirs such as coal seam gas (CSG, coalbed methane or CBM) and shale gas reservoirs generally require well stimulation to achieve economic production rates. Coupling hydraulic fracturing and micro-proppant or graded particle injections (GPI) can be a means to maximise hydrocarbon recovery from these tight, naturally fractured reservoirs, by maintaining or improving cleat or natural fracture conductivity. This paper presents a summary of the National Energy Resources Australia (NERA) project "Converting tight contingent CSG resources: Application of graded particle injection in CSG stimulation" - which assessed the application of micro-proppants, providing guidance on key considerations for GPI application to CSG reservoirs.
Over the last decade, laboratory research and modelling have shown the benefits of the application of GPI to keep pre-existing natural fractures and induced fractures open during production of coal reservoirs with pressure dependent permeability (PDP). Laboratory studies, within this study, provide further insight on potential mechanisms and key factors, including proppant size and optimum concentration, which contribute to the success of a micro-proppant placement. Accompanying numerical modelling studies will be presented that describe the likely fluidized behaviour of micro-proppants (e.g., straining models, electrostatic effects, and ‘screen out’ prediction).
This paper outlines the necessary reservoir characterization, treatment considerations, and key numerical modelling inputs necessary for the design, execution, and evaluation of GPI treatments, whether performed standalone or in conjunction with hydraulic fracturing treatments. It also provides insight on the practical application of GPI efficiently into fracturing operations, minimizing natural and hydraulic fracturing damage effects, thereby maximizing potential production enhancement for coals, shales and other tight, naturally fractured reservoirs exhibiting pressure-dependent permeability effects.
Comprehensive Approach for Modeling Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ali Hussameldin , Hamdi Zakaria , Talabi Oluwole , Pickup Gillian , Nizam Saiful 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Renewable energy is becoming an integral part of our energy supply; however, seasonality and weather dependence are some of their major limitations. Therefore, grid integration with reliable storage systems is crucial. One promising energy storage technology is green hydrogen generation and storage. Some research has been ongoing into hydrogen storage in underground porous media, but it mostly lacks comprehensive dynamic modelling of the storage operation and the associated potential losses.
In this work. a holistic hydrogen storage operation in a heterogenous depleted gas reservoir and its likely associated underground losses was modelled. Fluid model verification was performed to assess the suitability of a typical equation of state to represent hydrogen behavior at reservoir conditions. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of storing 15% of the renewably generated power in Malaysia for grid-scale equilibration purposes.
A total of 12 storage cycles with potential diffusion and biochemical losses were simulated. The storage operation performed effectively in all the key performance indicators. 68.1% of the injected storage volume was recovered by the 12th cycle. It was observed that the purity of the produced hydrogen is influenced by reservoir heterogeneity. Lastly, it was found that storing 15% of Malaysian renewable energy in a depleted gas reservoir was technically feasible.
Implementation of Unique Eccentric Reamer Tool to Improve Pull Out of Hole Time and Casing Running Through Borehole Conditioning: A Case Study in Onshore Drilling West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aribowo Triadi Herwasto , Ruzi Fachrul , Sutan Mada Amatori , Darmawan Kurnia , Restyanto Agus , Adhi I Nyoman Dimas , Hanafiah Anas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Advances in drilling equipment, drill bit design, and PDC cutter technology have resulted in significant time savings through increases in penetration rate and the entire hole section being completed in a single bit run. However, the wellbore condition has become an important consideration as the time spent to improve the quality of the wellbore to facilitate tripping and running casing is increased.
The paper discusses a case study in the Jatiasri and Akasia Bagus fields, West Java, Indonesia, where both the 17½-in. and 12¼-in. hole sections are considered challenging. Pipe stall, overpull, stuck pipe, and tight spots are typically experienced during drilling and tripping, resulting in difficult trip-out and subsequent trip-in with casing. Those two case studies describe poor borehole conditioning related to micro-doglegs or tight hole issues.
A unique bi-directional eccentric reamer tool was introduced to help improve the wellbore quality. The tool removes or smooths out irregularities in the wellbore geometry during drilling and reaming operations. To work effectively, the correct placement within the BHA is critical. Using proprietary multifunctional advanced placement software, the reamer is ensured to be optimally placed while analyzing bending stresses and contact forces throughout the run for safe and trouble-free operation.
The run results showed significant time savings in pulling out of hole by 38 to 91% in the 12¼-in. section and 20 to 57% faster in the 17½-in. section compared to the offset runs. In addition, wiper trips can be eliminated or greatly reduced, and casing speed is also improved. The casing shoe was also set or landed close to the designated depth, eliminating the need for dedicated cleanout runs. For more than 17 runs, the performance showed consistency in time savings while reducing the potential for stuck pipe, string stall, and tight spots.
This unique bi-directional eccentric reamer has added a new capability for drilling improvement and optimization through borehole conditioning, reducing nonproductive time and interval costs which ultimately contributes to lower well construction cost.
Sand Production Prediction Analyses at Different Stages of Geographe Field Development
Authors: Younessi Ahmadreza , Khaksar Abbas , Hogue Charles , McKenzie Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sand production prediction analyses were carried out at different stages of the development of Geographe field in Otway Basin, Australia. The analyses were conducted from very early stages of development in 2010 and carried on until 2019 using different sets of data. The exploration and appraisal wells data were used to conduct an early sanding analysis in 2010. The study showed low risk of sanding for the planned wells following the planned production. The sand production prediction model was then updated in 2014. Several additional data such as well logs, core tests and sand-free production data from the early production wells were used to improve the 2010 sanding model. The updated model also showed low risk of sanding for planned horizontal wells and suggested no sand control would be required even at high depletions. The last model update in 2019 was improve by using the production data from two long horizontal laterals. The updated model was used to assess the completion design for an approximately 2.1 km long horizontal well. Because the updated sanding model showed negligible risk of sanding for the planned well, a lower sand-face completion with pre-drilled liner was recommended for the completion system. The stability of the interbedded shale layers intersecting the horizontal section is also assessed. The result suggested that the shale layers fail under the downhole production condition. Hence, it was recommended to use packer and blank pipe against shale sections to mitigate the failure in the non-reservoir intervals. The well was eventually drilled and successfully completed in latter part of 2021. The progressing sanding analyses helped to enhance the reliability of the early prediction analysis by calibrating against the actual production data from the two horizontal wells. The sanding and shale stability analyses are used to confirm suitability of the completion system for the well throughout the entire life of the field at high pressure depletion condition.
Surface Treated Nanoparticles as Foam Stabilizing Agent in Enhanced Water-Alternating-Gas (EWAG) Application
Authors: Abdul Manap Arif Azhan , Razali Norzafirah , Mahamad Amir Mohamad Iqbal , Chai Ivy Ching Hsia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Foam-assisted water-alternating-gas (FAWAG) or Enhanced WAG (EWAG) has been identified as one of the methods to improve WAG performance by reducing mobility of its gas phase through foam introduction, hence improving overall sweep efficiency. Foam generation in porous media has been thoroughly studied at fundamental level, and a few mechanisms being proposed (Falls et. al. 1998, Boos et. al. 2012). Ability to sustain and propagate foam in porous media such as reservoir rock is still a subject of investigation.
Literature suggested the addition of nanoparticles into foaming surfactant formulation can potentially improve foam performance in stability and assist propagation in porous media. Silica dioxide (SiO2) has been the commonly used nanoparticle for oil and gas application, including for FAWAG application (Agista et. al. 2018). It is not difficult to understand silica oxide selection for two main reasons. First, for a sandstone reservoir, silica makes up majority of quartz in rock mineralogy. Second, it is relatively cheaper as compared to the other nanoparticles.
The study objectives can be summarized in two parts. Firstly, to test the stability of nanoparticle-foams in relation to its hybrid chemical formulation. Secondly, to validate nanoparticles as foam phase stabilizer during foam propagation in porous media. The study utilized in-house designed and manufactured surface treated silica oxide nanoparticles and in-house fabricated long core core holder equipment. It was observed that the introduction of nanoparticles can assist foam performance and propagation in porous media.
Circular Model for E&P: Production Sand Conversion to Nanosilica and Hierarchical Zeolites
Authors: Watcharasing Sunisa , Wattanakit Chularat , Thivasasith Anawat , Kiattikomol Prapoj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As part of circular model for E&P, production sand waste from oil production process will be converted to new high value-added product, called "Nanosilica", and "Hierarchical Zeolites". This is beneficial in terms of lower amount of production sand waste disposal to landfill.
There are three main steps for sand conversion to nanosilica and hierarchical zeolites which compose of1) Sand Pre-treatment, 2) Nanosilica Extraction, and 3) Hierarchical Zeolite Synthesis. In the first step of Sand Pre-treatment process, production sand was pretreated by using water and acid washing 3M HCl, follow by calcination. Secondly, pretreated sand will be extracted to obtain nanosilica by boiling pretreated sand with 3M NaOH solution to get sodium silicate, and finally adding HCl to precipitate nanosilica. Finally, the extracted nanosilica will be further reacted with Structure Directing Agent (SDA); zeolite template, under hydrothermal treatment process for crystallization of Hierarchical Zeolites.
Nanosilica extracted from production sand contain high specific surface area around 200 – 600 m2/g, with small particle size less than 50 nm. Nanosilica can be applied in many applications such as Gas separation, Adsorption, Catalysis, Ion-exchange, and Detergent.
Hierarchical Zeolites with nanosheets morphology obtain many niche characteristics to overcome the limitation of conventional zeolites in terms of, 1) good mass transportation through active sites due to their microporous structure improvement, 2) high surface area, and 3) longer catalyst lifetime.
Hierarchical Zeolites is popularly used in wide range of applications such as separation, ion-exchange to catalysis. Two most popular Hierarchical Zeolites nanosheet ZSM-5, and Faujasite (FAU) topologies have been developed in this work. The physicochemical properties were compared with the one synthesized using the commercial chemical grade of silica sources. The results show that the nanosilica from production sand can be achievable for Hierarchical Zeolites synthesis, by comparing the physicochemical properties such as surface area, porosity, topology, and textural properties with the one obtained using the commercial silica sources.
Hierarchical zeolites from production sand waste are initiated in PTTEP as part of Circular Model for E&P. The synthesized hierarchical zeolites from this project will be further possibly applied in-house in PTTEP as the moisture adsorbent in instrument air, or moisture in condensate. This would help company for reduce OPEX cost. From these preliminary findings, all information will be further applied to the process design of in prototype, and scale-up phase.
Novel Application of AI: Harnessing Tacit Knowledge for LNG Plant Start-Up
Authors: Lee Kian Seng , Yeap Xin Wei , Khoo Elaine Synn Yie , Lee Yong Xian , Yong Shiuan , Hiew Yi Han , Maamor Hafiz , Zulkaple Saifuddin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To capture the invaluable tacit knowledge from skilled operators and leverage on insights generated from over two decades of plant operation data, an AI-driven live advisory was developed to provide operators with real-time parameters control advisory during start-up, in response to actual process and equipment conditions. The solution had been deployed to ten start-ups in Malaysia LNG, successfully achieving 44% reduction in duration and 17% reduction in carbon emission from reduced gas usage. The shorter start-up duration translated into significant value creation from production opportunity, yielding an impressive return on investment of 35, in just 15 months. Furthermore, six of the start-ups also emerged as the top executions when benchmarked against all historical occurrences in the past two decades, demonstrating its ability to enable consistent and optimised start-ups.
Risk-Based Approach in Composite Repair Integrity Assessment
Authors: Abdul Nasir Mohd Aizuddin , Ramli Siti Haslina , Razak Mohd Hasbi , Chik Hambali , Karim Khairol Hazman , M. Suhot M. Afiq , Ahiruddin Abdul Rahman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the methodology in addressing composite repair integrity management through a qualitative risk-based approach based on Petronas Technical Guidelines, best practices, lessons learned, manufacturing data, design, application, and presence of defects. Recommendations for monitoring intervals and techniques are generated as the outcome of the assessment.
The overall approach of this assessment consists of 5 major steps which include post-application inspection of composite repair, inspection report analysis and evaluation, the risk-based assessment, determination of risk profile, and the development of an Integrity Management Plan. Risk is typically defined as a factor of the probability of failure and the consequence of failure. In this risk-based approach, the probability of failure takes into consideration four hazard categories which are, Manufacturing, Design & Engineering, Application, and In-Service Factor. The consequence of failure on the other hand takes into consideration the effect on four categories namely people, environment, assets, and reputation. The final risk is represented in a 5x5 risk matrix whereby risk can be categorized into four major groups which are LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, and VERY HIGH.
As an outcome of the RBI analysis, Integrity Management Plan (IMP) prescribes an inspection method for a composite repair at a specific interval based on its risk profile. Distinctions are made between application locations to promote optimization and comprehensiveness of the integrity management plan deployed. For the above-ground piping section and vessel, for LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, and VERY-HIGH risk categories, inspection intervals of 2 years, 1 year, 6 months, and 3 months are recommended respectively. It involves inspection methods like visual inspection, coin tap test, hardness test and NDT with prescription depending on risk profile. For buried external corrosion with Low and medium risk, pipe to soil potential measures are recommended at an aligned interval with OPU IMP or 2 years whichever comes first. Meanwhile, for High and very high, CIPS, DCVG, and defect verification are advised depending on the risk level. In offshore topsides and risers applications, is also recommended to conduct a visual inspection, coin tap test, hardness test, and NDT, with prescription based on respective risk profiles.
Through this approach, a comprehensive integrity management plan can be established to monitor the performance of the composite repair while providing an evidential and qualifiable basis for composite repair design life extension. This will be a platform for the digitalization of composite repair databases which can be an accelerator towards automation in integrity management, especially in composite repair applications.