bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Cab Suspension Using Tractor-Ride Vibration Simulation Model
Authors: Oh Jooseon , Im Dongu , Han Hyun-woo , Choi Kyujeong , Cho Seung-Je , Roh Seunguk , Kim Heung-Sub , Park Young-Jun 
Published: July 2022

HighlightsThis study created a simulation model to predict the ride vibration of a tractor and to optimize its suspension.The parameters of the tractor were obtained from various tests to create a fully validated model.The acceleration measured in a tractor cabin was compared with the simulation model in the time and frequency domains.The ride vibration of a tractor was evaluated under various road conditions with a fully validated model. Abstract. A typical problem with tractors and other agricultural machinery is the excessive ride vibration, which results in an inconvenient working environment and poses a risk to the health of operators. In this study, a simulation model for predicting the ride vibration of a tractor and optimizing the cabin suspension was developed to address this limitation. First, the required parameters used computation tests to create the simulation model. Mode and frequency-response function analyses were then performed to validate the model for ride vibration, from which the natural frequency and mode shape were analyzed. Subsequently, the riding characteristics of an actual tractor on a stepped road surface were simulated using a four-post road simulator, and the acceleration measured in the cab was compared with that of the simulation model in the time and frequency domains. Finally, the parameters of the cabin suspension were optimized using the validated simulation model, and the correlation between the cabin suspension parameters and ride vibration was examined. Following optimization, the vibration value of the tractor cab was found to decrease as the damping coefficient of the cabin suspension decreased for all surface conditions selected in the simulation. Thus, the developed tractor simulation model can be used as a ride vibration simulation when developing the control logic of a tractor’s cabin suspension, as well as a plant model of hardware-in-the-loop simulation to verify the control logic. Keywords: Hydro-pneumatic suspension, Optimization, Ride vibration, Simulation model, Tractor cab, Validation.
Effect of Nano-Magnetite and Ethanol on Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw
Authors: Xin Ya , Liu Wenyuan , Ren Shiying , Wang Dianlong 
Published: July 2022

HighlightsStudied mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw with nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) and ethanol.The maximum biogas yield of 421.5 mL/g in mesophilic AD was 60.8% higher than control.Revealed the mechanism of nano-Fe3O4 and ethanol addition to promote biogas production.Abstract. This study investigated the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw with nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) and ethanol addition. The effects of ethanol addition on the biogas yield, the degradation of lignocellulose, and the bacterial community were explored. The results showed that the biogas yield and methane content increased as the ethanol concentration increased. The ethanol concentration of 4 g/L resulted in highest biogas yield in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation at 421.5 mL/g, which was a 60.8% improvement compared to the control. The corresponding methane content was 66.2%. For the lignocellulose degradation, the cellulose and hemicellulose contents in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation were reduced from 55.42% and 17.19% of the pretreated wheat straw to between 22.88% and 25.98% and 11.60% and 13.05%, respectively. The microbial community results showed that as the ethanol content increased, the relative abundance of Firmicutes initially increased before it decreased. Among the microbial community results, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the biogas residue of the mesophilic anaerobic fermentation with the addition of 3 g/L of ethanol were the highest, at 31.26% and 30.94%, respectively. Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas, Ethanol, Nano-Fe3O4, Wheat Straw.
Risk factors for early PICC removal: A retrospective study of adult inpatients at an academic medical center
Authors: Shen Burton H. , Mahoney Lindsey , Molino Janine , Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Use of PICCs has been rising since 2001. They are used when long-term intravenous access is needed and for blood draws in patients with difficult venous access.

Objective
To determine which risk factors contribute to inappropriate PICC line insertion defined as removal of a PICC within five days of insertion for reasons other than a PICC complication.

Design
Retrospective, observational study.

Setting
Tertiary-care, Level 1 trauma center.

Patients
Adult patients with a PICC removed 1/1/2017 to 5/4/2020.

Measurements
Frequency of PICC removal within five days of insertion and associated risk factors for early removal.

Results
Between 1/1/2017 and 5/4/2020, 995 of 5348 PICCs inserted by the IV nursing team were removed within five days (19%). In 2017, 5 of 429 PICCs developed a central line-associated infection (1.2%) and 29 of 429 PICCs developed symptomatic venous thromboembolism (6.7%). Patients with PICCs whose primary service was in an ICU were independently at higher risk of early removal (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14, 1.83); weekday insertion was independently associated with a lower likelihood of early removal compared to weekend insertion (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.49, 0.75).

Limitation
PICC removal after discharge was not assessed and paper records were likely incomplete and biased.

Conclusion
Nearly one in five PICCs were removed within five days. Patients whose primary team was in an ICU and PICCs ordered on weekends were at independently higher risk of early removal.
Evaluation of risk adjustment performance of diagnosis-based and medication-based comorbidity indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Guo Ie Huei , Tang Chao-Hsiun , Sheu Mei-Ling , Liu Hung-Yi , Lu Ning , Tsai Tuan-Ya , Chen Bi-Li , Huang Kuo-Cherh 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
This study assessed risk adjustment performance of six comorbidity indices in two categories of comorbidity measures: diagnosis-based comorbidity indices and medication-based ones in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
This was a population–based retrospective cohort study. Data used in this study were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study population comprised all patients who were hospitalized due to COPD for the first time in the target year of 2012. Each qualified patient was individually followed for one year starting from the index date to assess two outcomes of interest, medical expenditures within one year after discharge and in-hospital mortality of patients. To assess how well the added comorbidity measures would improve the fitted model, we calculated the log-likelihood ratio statistic G2. Subsequently, we compared risk adjustment performance of the comorbidity indices by using the Harrell c-statistic measure derived from multiple logistic regression models.

Results
Analytical results demonstrated that that comorbidity measures were significant predictors of medical expenditures and mortality of COPD patients. Specifically, in the category of diagnosis-based comorbidity indices the Elixhauser index was superior to other indices, while the RxRisk-V index was a stronger predictor in the framework of medication-based codes, for gauging both medical expenditures and in-hospital mortality by utilizing information from the index hospitalization only as well as the index and prior hospitalizations.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this work has ascertained that comorbidity indices are significant predictors of medical expenditures and mortality of COPD patients. Based on the study findings, we propose that when designing the payment schemes for patients with chronic diseases, the health authority should make adjustments in accordance with the burden of health care caused by comorbid conditions.
Acceptability and feasibility of HIV self-testing among transgender people in Larkana, Pakistan: Results from a pilot project
Authors: Altaf Arshad , Pasha Muhammad Safdar Kamal , Majeed Ayesha , Ali Wajid , Alaama Ahmed Sabry , Jamil Muhammad Shahid 
Published: July 2022

Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an innovative HIV testing approach that effectively reaches those who do not otherwise test, including key populations (KPs). Despite potential benefits, HIVST is not currently implemented in Pakistan. The high risk of HIV among transgender (TGs) persons is among the highest risk group for HIV in Pakistan, yet knowledge of HIV status remains low in this key population group. We conducted a pilot project to assess the acceptability and feasibility of distributing HIVST to TGs in Larkana.

Methods
Eligible participants were 18 years or above and self-identified as transgender (“hijra”). One oral fluid HIVST kit per person was distributed free of cost in the community by trained transgender peer outreach workers (ORW). Participants could request a demonstration of the HIVST procedure before performing self-testing which was provided by the trained ORW. Demographic characteristics of participants were collected. The ORW followed up with phone calls two days later to record if HIVST kits were used, the results, and whether assistance was required.

Results
Between November 2020 and February 2021, 150 HIVST kits were distributed to eligible TGs. The average age of participants was 25.5 years (standard deviation: 7.0). Over a third (52, 34.7%) had no formal education, while (16, 10.6%) had attended at least five years of schooling. Over one-third (58, 38.6%) of participants were first-time testers. One hundred and thirty-nine (92.7%) participants reported their results within two days. For the remaining 11 participants, ORWs had to contact them. All participants reported using HIVST kits within three days. A majority (141, 94%) used the kit in their homes, and the remaining nine (6%) used it at the community-based organization’s office. Overall, a small proportion (11, 7.3%) of participants requested a demonstration of the test procedure before performing HIVST. Four (2.7%) participants who had performed unsupervised self-tests reported reactive HIVST results; all were linked to treatment within five working days once their HIV result was confirmed. The majority (136, 90.6%) of participants felt that self-testing was easy to perform independently, and 143 (95%) reported that they would recommend HIVST to their peers.

Conclusion
HIVST is acceptable among TGs and identified by first-time testers as undiagnosed infections. Peer-led distribution appears to be a feasible approach for implementation in this setting. HIVST should be considered for routine implementation and scale up to reduce testing gaps among Pakistan’s key population, particularly TGs.
Nasopharyngeal swabs vs. saliva sampling for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A cross-sectional survey of acceptability for caregivers and children after experiencing both methods
Authors: Gagnon François , Bhatt Maala , Zemek Roger , Webster Richard J. , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie , Harman Stuart 
Published: July 2022

Background
Saliva sampling is a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing, but acceptability data is lacking. We characterize the acceptability of saliva sampling and nasopharyngeal swabs for primary decision makers and their children after experiencing both testing modalities.

Methods
We administered a cross-sectional survey to participants aged 6-to-17 years and their primary decision makers at an Ottawa community COVID-19 testing centre in March 2021. Included were participants meeting local guidelines for testing. Excluded were those identified prior to participation as having inability to complete the consent, sampling, or survey process. Acceptability in multiple hypothetical scenarios was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Pain was measured using the Faces Pain Scale—Revised (FPS-R). Preference for testing was assessed with direct binary questions.

Results
48 participants and 48 primary decision makers completed the survey. Nasopharyngeal swab acceptability differed between scenarios, ranging 79% [95%CI: 66, 88] to 100% [95%CI: 95, 100]; saliva sampling acceptability was similar across scenarios, ranging 92% [95%CI: 82, 97] to 98% [95%CI: 89, 99]. 58% of youth described significant pain with nasopharyngeal swabbing, versus none with saliva sampling. 90% of children prefer saliva sampling. 66% of primary decision makers would prefer nasopharyngeal swabbing if it were 10% more sensitive.

Conclusion
Though youth prefer saliva sampling over nasopharyngeal swabs, primary decision makers present for testing remain highly accepting of both. Acceptance of nasopharyngeal swabs, however, varies with the testing indication and is influenced by perceived test accuracy. Understanding factors that influence sampling acceptance will inform more successful testing strategies.
Assessment of hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China
Authors: Yin Jiangtao , Yuan Nana , Huang Ziqiang , Hu Zhenkui , Bao Quanlei , Shao Zhenli , Mei Qiong , Xu Yong , Wang Wenli , Liu Dadong , Zhao Li , Wan Shengxia 
Published: July 2022

Background
Hypokalemia is a frequent electrolyte imbalance in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in patients with moderate COVID-19.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted on 81 non-ICU admitted patients with moderate COVID-19 according to the criteria issued by the Chinese Health Bureau in the Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou (Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital New District Branch) from 4th to 25th August 2021. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed and collected, then the correlation between hypokalemia and prognosis was determined.

Results
The level of serum potassium of patients ranged from 2.80 mmol/L to 4.70 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was detected in 39 out of the 81 included patients (48.15%) during hospitalization. Patients with hypokalemia had prolonged days of negative nucleic acid conversion and hospital stay. Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum potassium was negatively correlated with days of negative nucleic acid conversion and length of hospital stay. Bivariate logistic regression analysis proved that hypokalemia was a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.

Conclusion
Hypokalemia was prevalent in patients with moderate COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China. Hypokalemia was associated with the prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Experiences of patients with common mental disorders concerning team-based primary care and a person-centered dialogue meeting: An intervention to promote return to work
Authors: Saxvik Ausra , Törnbom Karin , Petersson Eva-Lisa , Hange Dominique , Nejati Shabnam , Björkelund Cecilia , Svenningsson Irene 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesCommon mental disorders in combination with work-related stress are widespread in the western world, not least in Sweden. Various interactive factors, primarily work-related, have impact on the return to work process, for example; a supportive communicative function between the person on sick leave and the employer may facilitate this process. The aim was to investigate experiences of being part of a collaborative care model including a person-centered dialogue meeting with the employer and with a rehabilitation coordinator as the moderator.MethodsA qualitative design based on individual interviews with 13 persons diagnosed with common mental disorders who participated in an extensive collaborative care model, called the Co-Work-Care model. Persons were recruited as a heterogeneous sample with respect to age, gender, work background, and time since the intervention. All interviews were analyzed with Systematic Text Condensation.ResultsFive codes synthesized the results: 1) A feeling of being taken care of, 2) Collaboration within the team was perceived as supportive, 3) An active and sensitive listener, 4) Structure and planning in the dialogue meeting, 5) The person-centered dialogue meeting was supportive and provided increased understanding.ConclusionsParticipants experienced the close collaborative contact with the care manager and the rehabilitation coordinator as highly valuable for their rehabilitation process. Participants valued a well-structured dialogue meeting that included initial planning and a thorough communication involving the patient, the employer, and coordinator. Further, participants appreciated having an active role during the meeting, also empowering the return to work process.
Characterization of regional variation of bone mineral density in the geriatric human cervical spine by quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Garay Ryan S. , Solitro Giovanni F. , Lam Kenrick C. , Morris Randal P. , Albarghouthi Abeer , Lindsey Ronald W. , Latta Loren L. , Travascio Francesco 
Published: July 2022

Background
Odontoid process fractures are among the most common in elderly cervical spines. Their treatment often requires fixation, which may include use of implants anteriorly or posteriorly. Bone density can significantly affect the outcomes of these procedures. Currently, little is known about bone mineral density (BMD) distributions within cervical spine in elderly. This study documented BMD distribution across various anatomical regions of elderly cervical vertebrae.

Methods and findings
Twenty-three human cadaveric C1-C5 spine segments (14 males and 9 female, 74±9.3 y.o.) were imaged via quantitative CT-scan. Using an established experimental protocol, the three-dimensional shapes of the vertebrae were reconstructed from CT images and partitioned in bone regions (4 regions for C1, 14 regions for C2 and 12 regions for C3-5). The BMD was calculated from the Hounsfield units via calibration phantom. For each vertebral level, effects of gender and anatomical bone region on BMD distribution were investigated via pertinent statistical tools.
Data trends suggested that BMD was higher in female vertebrae when compared to male ones. In C1, the highest BMD was found in the posterior portion of the bone. In C2, BMD at the dens was the highest, followed by lamina and spinous process, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. In C3-5, lateral masses, lamina, and spinous processes were characterized by the largest values of BMD, followed by the posterior vertebral body.

Conclusions
The higher BMD values characterizing the posterior aspects of vertebrae suggest that, in the elderly, posterior surgical approaches may offer a better fixation quality.
Clinical and chest computed tomography features of patients suffering from mild and severe COVID-19 at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt
Authors: Ismail Ahmed , Doghish Ahmed S. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Magdy Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Eman E. , Ahmed Mona I. , Khalil Mahmoud A. F. 
Published: July 2022

Background
In pandemic COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the prognosis of patients has been determined using clinical data and CT (computed tomography) scans, but it is still unclear whether chest CT characteristics are correlated to COVID-19 severity.

Aim
To explore the potential association between clinical data and 25-point CT score and investigate their predictive significance in COVID-19-positive patients at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt.

Methods
This study was conducted on 252 Egyptian COVID-19 patients at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt. The patients were classified into two groups: a mild group (174 patients) and a severe group (78 patients). The results of clinical laboratory data, and CT scans of severe and mild patients, were collected, analyzed, and compared.

Results
The severe group show high significance levels of CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil percent, and heart rate (HR) than the mild group. Lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2) were the most observed abnormalities in severe COVID-19 patients. Lymphopenia, low SpO2 and albumin levels, elevated serum LDH, ferritin, urea, and CRP levels were found to be significantly correlated with severity CT score (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
The clinical severity of COVID-19 and the CT score are highly correlated. Our findings indicate that the CT scoring system can help to predict COVID-19 disease outcomes and has a strong correlation with clinical laboratory testing.
The effect of some additives on the rheology of dough and quality of bread
Authors: ABDULLAHI Xhabir , XHABIRI Gafur , SULEJMANI Erhan , SELIMI Faton 
Published: July 2022

The technology of production of baking products today can not be imagined without the use of food additives. In this research it was aimed to investigate the use of some additives in wheat flour type 500 for bread production. The formulations and additives used in this study are: without additives for M0, emulsifiers (E 472e) for M1, calcium phosphate (E341 ii) for M2, L-ascorbic acid (E300) for M3 and Damil additive complex (antifouling E170 - 0.06 %; emulsifier E472e -0.08 %; antioxidant E300 -0.01 %; fungal a-amylase - 0.01 %) for M4 formulation. The results showed that the use of additives positively affects some rheological qualities such as water absorption capacity, stability and energy of the dough. M4 bread had a higher specific volume than all breads with 5.14 cm 3 g-1, while M1 and M3 breads were similar. From the total points accumulated for the sensory qualities the M4 bread with a total of 88.8 points accumulated had the best qualities with volume, external appearance and very good crust and crumb taste. It is therefore recommended to use the Damil additive complex in bread production.
Effect of cell receptors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: Current insights
Authors: Lei Li , Meng Li , Changqing Xu , Chen Zhu , Gang Yao , Shiyuan Fang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic arthritic disease characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone lesions. The studies on the pathogenesis of OA are complex and diverse. The roles of receptors signaling in chondrocyte anabolism, inflammatory factors expression of synovial fibroblast, and angiogenesis in subchondral bone are particularly important for exploring the pathological mechanism of OA and clinical diagnosis and treatment. By reviewing the relevant literature, this article elaborates on the abnormal expression of receptors and the signaling transduction pathways from different pathological changes of OA anatomical components, aiming to provide new research ideas and clinical therapeutic value for OA pathogenesis.