bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Array Signal Processing on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data: Directivity Effects in Slowness Space
Authors: Näsholm Sven Peter , Iranpour Kamran , Wuestefeld Andreas , Dando Ben D. E. , Baird Alan F. , Oye Volker 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) involves the transmission of laser pulses along a fiber‐optic cable. These pulses are backscattered at fiber inhomogeneities and again detected by the same interrogator unit that emits the pulses. Elastic deformation along the fiber causes phase shifts in the backscattered laser pulses which are converted to spatially averaged strain measurements, typically at regular fiber intervals. DAS systems provide the potential to employ array processing algorithms. However, there are certain differences between DAS and conventional sensors. While seismic sensors typically record the directional particle displacement, velocity, or acceleration, the DAS axial strain is inherently proportional to the spatial gradient of the axial cable displacement. DAS is therefore insensitive to broadside displacement, for example, broadside P‐waves. In classical delay‐and‐sum beamforming, the array response function is the far‐field response on a horizontal slowness (or wavenumber) grid. However, for geometrically non‐linear DAS layouts, the angle between wavefront and cable varies, requiring the analysis of a steered response that varies with the direction of arrival. This contrasts with the traditional array response function which is given in terms of slowness difference between arrival and steering. This paper provides a framework for DAS steered response estimation accounting also for cable directivity and gauge‐length averaging – hereby demonstrating the applicability of DAS in array seismology and to assess DAS design aspects. It bridges a gap between DAS and array theory frameworks and communities, facilitating increased employment of DAS as a seismic array, while providing building blocks for the development of DAS array design tools.
Characterisation of progression of macular oedema in the initial stages of diabetic retinopathy: a 3-year longitudinal study
Authors: Lobo Conceição , Santos Torcato , Marques Inês P. , Madeira Maria H. , Santos Ana Rita , Figueira João , Cunha-Vaz José 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background/objectives
To characterise the prevalence and three-year progression of centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (CI-DMO) in minimal to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and measurements of retinal fluid using tissue optical reflectivity ratios (OCT-Leakage).

Methods/methods
Seventy-four eyes from 74 patients were followed in a 3-year prospective longitudinal observational cohort of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT-Angiography (OCT-A) and OCT-Leakage (OCT-L). Eyes were examined four times with 1-year intervals. Sixteen eyes (17.8%) were excluded from the analysis due to quality control standards. Retinal oedema was measured by central retinal thickness and retinal fluid by using optical reflectivity ratios obtained with the OCT-L algorithm. Vessel density was measured by OCT-A. Thinning of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (GCL + IPL) was examined to identify retinal neurodegenerative changes. Diabetic retinopathy ETDRS classification was performed using the seven-field ETDRS protocol.

Results
CI-DMO was identified in the first visit in 9% of eyes in ETDRS groups 10–20, 10% of eyes in ETDRS group 35 and 15% of eyes in ETDRS groups 43–47. The eyes with CI-DMO and subclinical CI-DMO showed a progressive increase in retinal extracellular fluid during the 3-year period of follow-up. The eyes with CI-DMO and increased retinal extracellular fluid accumulation were associated with vision loss.

Conclusions
The prevalence of subclinical CI-DMO and CI-DMO in the initial stages of NPDR occurs independently of severity grading of the retinopathy, showing progressive increase in retinal extracellular fluid and this increase is associated with vision loss (82% 9 out of 11 cases).
Effects of post‐exercise cold‐water immersion on resistance training‐induced gains in muscular strength: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Grgic Jozo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of this review was to perform a meta‐analysis examining the effects of cold‐water immersion (CWI) coupled with resistance training on gains in muscular strength. Four databases were searched to find relevant studies. Their methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the PEDro checklist. The effects of CWI vs. control on muscular strength were examined in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Ten studies (n = 170; 92% males), with 11 comparisons across 22 groups, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified as of good or fair methodological quality. The main meta‐analysis found that CWI attenuated muscular strength gains (effect size [ES]: –0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.45, –0.01; p = 0.041). In the analysis of data from studies applying CWI only to the trained limbs, CWI attenuated muscular strength gains (ES: –0.31; 95% CI: –0.61, –0.01; p = 0.041). In the analysis of data from studies using whole‐body CWI, there was no significant difference in muscular strength gains between CWI and control (ES: –0.08; 95% CI: –0.53, 0.38; p = 0.743). In summary, this meta‐analysis found that the use of CWI following resistance exercise sessions attenuates muscular strength gains in males. However, when CWI was applied to the whole body, there was no significant difference between CWI and control for muscular strength. Due to the attenuated gains in muscular strength found with single limb CWI, the use and/or timing of CWI in resistance training should be carefully considered and individualized.
Effects of the electric field at the edge of a substrate to deposit a Ø100 mm uniform diamond film in a 2.45 GHz MPCVD system
Authors: AN Kang , ZHANG Shuai , SHAO Siwu , LIU Jinlong , WEI Junjun , CHEN Liangxian , ZHENG Yuting , LIU Qing , LI Chengming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, uniform diamond films with a diameter of 100 mm were deposited in a 15 kW/2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition system. A phenomenological model previously developed by our group was used to simulate the distribution of the electric strength and electron density of plasma. Results indicate that the electric field in the cavity includes multiple modes, i.e. TM02 and TM03. When the gas pressure exceeds 10 kPa, the electron density of plasma increases and plasma volume decreases. A T-shaped substrate was developed to achieve uniform temperature, and the substrate was suspended in air from Ø70 to 100 mm, thus eliminating vertical heat dissipation. An edge electric field was added to the system after the introduction of the T-shaped substrate. Moreover, the plasma volume in this case was greater than that in the central electric field but smaller than that in the periphery electric field of the TM02 mode. This indicates that the electric field above and below the edge benefits the plasma volume rather than the periphery electric field of the TM02 mode. The quality, uniformity and surface morphology of the deposited diamond films were primarily investigated to maintain substrate temperature uniformity. When employing the improved substrate, the thickness unevenness of the Ø100 mm diamond film decreased from 22% to 7%.
LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS DELIVERY OF SURFACE LAYER PROTEIN A PROTECTS MICE FROM COLITIS BY RE-SETTING HOST IMMUNE REPERTOIRE
Authors: Sahay Bikash 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gastrointestinal inflammation comprised of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that 1.3% of the population of the United States (approximately 3 million people) were affected by the disease in 2015, and the number keeps increasing over time. IBD has a multifactorial etiology, from genetic to environmental factors. Most of the IBD treatments revolve around disease management, by reducing the inflammatory signals. We previously identified the surface layer protein A (SlpA) of Lactobacillus acidophilus that possesses anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate murine colitis. Herein, we expressed SlpA in a clinically relevant, food-grade Lactococcus lactis to further investigate and characterize the protective mechanisms of the actions of SlpA[1] . Oral administration of SlpA-expressing L. lactis (R110) mitigated the symptoms of murine colitis. Oral delivery of R110 resulted in a higher expression of IL-27 by myeloid cells, with a synchronous increase in IL-10 and cMAF in T cells. Consistent with murine studies, human dendritic cells exposed to R110 showed exquisite differential gene regulation, including IL-27 transcription, suggesting a shared mechanism between the two species, hence positioning R110 as potentially effective at treating colitis in humans.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF NANOLIPOSOMES LOADED M13 MAY TREAT ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER WITHOUT CAUSING ANY SIDE EFFECTS
Authors: Long Dingpei , Yang Chunhua , Alghoul Zahra , Sung Junsik , Merlin Didier 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intestinal inflammation, especially chronic (such as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]), is an indispensable participant in the colonic neoplastic process, fostering the proliferation, survival, and migration of colonic tumor cells. Molecularly targeted therapeutics (e.g. anti-TNF-α agents) that exploit the targets involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory responses in IBD are the most potent drugs currently available to treat IBD, which may also present anti-colon cancer effects. Unfortunately, most of these drugs were administered systemically in a high dose, and their use is limited by severe side effects. There is an unmet need for a targeted carrier system capable of delivering drugs specifically and effectively to inflamed colonic regions over a prolonged period. Such a system could significantly reduce drug dosage and side effects that limit existing treatments. The goal of the present study is to engineer natural “nanoliposomes” from the lipids of ginger-derived-nanoparticles and load with an anti-inflammatory drug candidate (M13), test its anticancer activity, and evaluate its safety. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay demonstrated that M13, a stable metabolite from 6-Shogaol as demonstrated by the incubation with intestinal microsomes, was more cytotoxic against cancerous intestinal cells (e.g. HCT-116, Caco-2/BBe, and human colon cancer stem cell) than normal intestinal cells (e.g. HIEC-6, FHC, and human colon stem cell). The results suggested that M13 has more a better ability to specifically target cancerous intestinal cells over normal intestinal cells. Protein point hybridization data showed that nanoliposomes-loaded M13 decreased the expression levels of proteins involved in colon cancer progressions such as Survivin, EGFR, and BCL-x in colon cancer cells. Further, orally administered nanoliposomes-loaded M13 presented potent wound-healing/anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS-induced mouse model of colitis and anti-cancer effects in the AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer model. We also demonstrated that nanoliposomes-loaded M13 treatment did not affect blood. In addition, we examined the anti-inflammatory activity of M13 on active ulcerative mucosal biopsies (Reprocell tissue protocol TPS-008) from a patient (42-year-old white male) undergoing therapeutic resection for ulcerative colitis. The results of the RT2 Profiler PCR Array demonstrated that M13 had very potent anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in IBD, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23A, in the M13-treated human ulcerative biopsies compared to the untreated controls. Our proposed targeted therapy using nanoliposomes that deliver M13 to the colon might be used to treat ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated cancer without causing any side effects.
ADVERSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE RECEIVING DIFFERENT SEQUENCES OF FIRST- AND SECOND-LINE BIOLOGIC TREATMENTS: FINDINGS FROM ROTARY
Authors: Cleveland Noa , Chastek Benjamin , Ghosh Tito , Candela Ninfa , Bancroft Timothy , Fan Tao , Umashankar Kandavadivu , Rubin David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Following inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to a first-line biologic, patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) may switch treatment to a second-line biologic therapy. Data on the clinical outcomes of patients receiving two or more lines of biologic therapy are limited. We assessed the adverse clinical outcomes of patients with CD receiving different biologic treatment sequences.

METHODS
ROTARY (Real-wOrld ouTcomes Across tReatment sequences in inflammatorY bowel disease patients) part B used data from the Optum Clinical Database and included adult patients diagnosed with CD who received at least two biologics successively between January 1, 2013 and February 29, 2020. This retrospective cohort study measured adverse clinical outcomes, including the incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related hospitalization, IBD-related surgery, dysplasia, colorectal cancer (CRC), and infection during each line of therapy individually and for both lines of treatment overall. The start of the first line of therapy (LOT1) was defined as the date of first prescription or infusion of a biologic therapy. The start of the second line of therapy (LOT2) was defined as the first date of prescription or infusion of a second-line biologic therapy. LOT1 biologics included in the analysis were adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (IFX), ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ). LOT2 biologics included were IFX and ADA.

RESULTS
Among all treatment sequences UST to IFX had the highest overall incidences of hospitalization, surgery, CRC, and infection. The overall incidences of hospitalization, surgery, and CRC were lowest for the VDZ to ADA treatment sequence. The overall incidences of infection and dysplasia were lowest for UST to ADA and UST to IFX, respectively; the second-lowest overall incidences for these outcomes were for VDZ to ADA (Figure 1). When comparing adverse clinical outcomes during LOT2, there were similar incidences of hospitalization, surgery, dysplasia, and infection with ADA following either VDZ or UST. In comparison, UST to IFX had higher incidences of hospitalization, surgery, and infection compared with VDZ to IFX (Table 1).

DISCUSSION
We identified that the VDZ to ADA biologic treatment sequence had the lowest real-world incidences of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CD. In patients who were unsuccessfully treated with either VDZ or UST during LOT1, ADA was associated with a lower incidence of adverse clinical outcomes during LOT2 than IFX. The adverse clinical outcomes for sequences including two anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies (ADA to IFX, IFX to ADA) were similar during LOT1, LOT2, and overall. These results, although they may be influenced by selection bias, provide potential guidance to clinicians choosing sequences of biologic treatments in patients with CD.
THE USE OF IMMUNOSTAINING IN BIOPSIES TO EVALUATE EXPRESSION PATTERN AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ROLES OF ONCOSTATIN M AND ITS RECEPTOR BETA IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Beri Jonathan , He Zhaoping , Chikwava Kudakwashe , Molle-Rios Zarela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
The mRNA expression of oncostatin M (OSM) in colonic tissue is raised in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is mplicated in anti-TNF treatment resistance. OSM has multiple homeostatic functions with both pathogenic and protective roles. Still, its function in IBD continues to be enigmatic. The aim of this study is to evaluate protein expression of OSM and its receptor-β (OSMR) using immunohistochemical staining, along with the tight junction protein occludin and immune cell marker CD45, to understand the possible mechanisms behind its pathogenic effects in inflammatory process.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study conducted in pediatric patients. Patients’ clinical courses were stratified as groups: IBD (n=73) consisting of failed anti-TNF (n=19), quiescent on anti-TNF (n=36), anti-TNF naïve (n=18), and age matched non-IBD (n=29). OSM, OSMR, occludin and CD45 expression were measured by immunohistochemical staining and calculated as percent of staining over total tissue area in pre-treatment colonic tissue biopsies. The expression levels were compared among the three IBD groups and non-IBD control.

RESULTS
OSM and OSMR total expression (% of staining area/total tissue area) didn’t differ significantly between IBD and non-IBD patients or among IBD groups (p&gt;0.05). When evaluating OSM/OSMR expression location, lamina propria vs epithelial, 71% IBD patients had staining in the lamina propria while the expression in non-IBD was restricted to the epithelial area with only 7% in the lamina propria (P&lt;0.05). IBD group had significantly lower total expression of occludin at 37% compared to non-IBD at 48% but higher CD45 at 37% vs 27% (p&lt;0.05). OSM positively and significantly (P&lt;0.05) correlated with occludin in all study subjects (IBD or non IBD) except patients with failed antiTNF treatment (p=0.197, coefficient 0.309). In contrast correlation between OSM and CD45 was only observed in the failed antiTNF treatment group (p=0.003, coefficient 0.639), not in other IBD groups. Finally, total OSM, OSMR, and occludin expression levels were significantly lower in patients with Mayo score 3 compared to score 1 or 2.

CONCLUSION
OSM/OSMR expression in the epithelial area and its correlation with occludin in both IBD and non-IBD hints the physiological role of OSM in barrier function. However, the expression in the lamina propria along with increased CD45 expression in IBD indicates the pathogenic role of OSM in the inflammatory process. The lack of correlation between OSM and occludin in the antiTNF refractory patients further suggest dysfunction of OSM in IBD. Our data support both pathogenic and protective roles of OSM in IBD.
RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER IN PATIENT WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)
Authors: Jakhar Ishaan , Singh Medha , Sahil Suman , Singh Annapoorna , Singh Daulath 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer (PC) is a 2nd leading cause of cancer death in the USA among men. We aim to investigate incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for PC in patients diagnosed with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using Cerner Health Facts, a national longitudinal database representing approximately 69 million patients.

METHODS
All male patients over 40 years of age with IBD were included in our analysis. Our primary endpoint was development of PC, specified by ICD coding. Patient characteristics were evaluated as potential risk factors for development of PC using multivariable regression built using all variables with p&lt;0.1 on univariable analysis.

RESULTS
Overall, 2.23% patients with IBD developed prostate cancer (992/44,551). Mean age was 59.7±12.7 years and 9.65% (04,297/44,551) of patients were obese. In terms of race, 82.9% (36,929/44,551) were white and 7.8% (3,470/44,551) were African American. 94.9% (41829/44,551) received care at an acute care facility and 83.7% (37,266/44,551) received care at an urban facility. On multivariable regression, the risk factors associated with higher risk of prostate cancer include diabetes (odds ratio OR 1.20), obesity (OR 1.22), age (OR 1.07), family history of prostate cancer (OR 6.04), African American race (OR 2.00), and married status (OR 1.43). Factors that decreased risk of pancreatic cancer include other race (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53-0.92), and presentation at acute facility (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.46-0.76). Factors not found to be associated with high risk of PC in our study includes sexually transmitted disease, alcohol use disorder, smoking, presentation at teaching facility, and facility size/type (Table 1). The most protective variable against PC was presentation at acute facility (OR 0.59), other-race (OR 0.70). Table 1 contains our univariable analysis and multivariable regression model with 95% confidence intervals; 6 variables were predictive for PC and 2 variables were protective against PC.

CONCLUSION
We describe risk factors for development of PC from IBD. In this longitudinal national database study of patient with diagnosed IBD – age, diabetes, obesity, married status, family history of prostate cancer, and African American race were noted to be associated with high risk of developing prostate cancer. Careful evaluation and follow up is advised for IBD patients.
DIET-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND HEALTH-RELATED OUTCOMES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: DuBois Kelli , Blake Christine , Rudisill Caroline , Harrison Sayward , Hébert James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Individuals diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) often seek complementary lifestyle methods, such as diet and physical activity, to self-manage disease symptoms and respond to the psychosocial challenges of living with chronic illness. The Energy Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) measures the inflammatory potential of one’s food intake and has never been studied among the UC population. This study aimed to test the associations between E-DII scores, physical activity, and UC related health outcomes.

METHODS
Data obtained from participants in the IBD Partners e-cohort who self-reported UC (n=2,052) were analyzed using a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. Patients who had undergone UC-related surgery were excluded. Dietary data collected through a National Cancer Institute food frequency questionnaire were converted into an E-DII score. Physical activity data were collected using the Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Activity Index. Outcome variables included the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and PROMIS domains of anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and satisfaction with social role. Multivariable regression models controlled for age, sex, BMI, race, education, diet, physical activity, smoking status, medication class, and disease duration.

RESULTS
A higher E-DII score (indicating pro-inflammatory dietary intake potential) was significantly associated with increased disease activity (β=0.166; p&lt;0.001), reduced health-related quality of life (β= -0.056; p&lt;0.001), increased anxiety (β=0.342; p=0.006), increased depression (β=0.408; p=0.004), increased fatigue (β=0.386; p=0.005), increased sleep disturbance (β=0.339; p=0.003), and decreased satisfaction with social role (β= -0.370; p=0.004). Leisure Time Activity was inversely associated with disease activity (β= -0.108; p&lt;0.001), anxiety (β= -0.025; p=0.001), depression (β= -0.025; p=0.001), fatigue (β= -0.058; p&lt;0.001), and sleep disturbance (β= -0.019; p=0.008), while positively associated with IBD-related quality of life (β=0.005; p&lt;0.001) and satisfaction with social role (β=0.063; p&lt;0.001). The benefit among health outcomes, excluding depression, was greater for strenuous exercise intensity than for moderate or mild intensities. For all outcomes, interaction effects between E-DII and physical activity were not significant.

DISCUSSION
These findings suggest that an anti-inflammatory diet and physical activity are each complementary lifestyle methods that may contribute to decreases in disease activity, anxiety, depression, and fatigue, as well as improvements in health-related quality of life, sleep, and satisfaction with social role. Such modalities may aid in managing systemic and localized inflammation associated with UC and reduce the burden of UC on daily living.