bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers
Authors: Ravazzolo D. , Mao L. , Friedrich H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSand (i.e., < 2 mm) infiltration into a gravel bed is recognized to affect sediment dynamics of coarser fractions (i.e., entrainment and transport rate), near‐bed velocities, bed morphology, and to pose significant engineering and ecological issues. Local hydraulics, sediment dynamics, and sand infiltration into the gravel matrix are related and mutually affect each other in gravel‐bed rivers. However, relatively little research has been done to explore sediment dynamics and sand infiltration in a mobile gravel‐bed under unsteady flow conditions. In the present study, we experimentally simulated three hydrographs of different durations of rising and falling limbs, and monitored sand infiltration over beds with a coarse and a fine grain size distribution. Results confirmed that the addition of sand enhances sediment dynamics. Moreover, the shape of the rising limb of the hydrograph was responsible for altering identified sand infiltration processes and bedload rate. Short time‐to‐peak floods (i.e., short time from the start to the peak of the hydrograph) experienced higher sediment transport rates during the falling limb than the rising limb of the hydrograph, favoring sand infiltration. In contrast, long time‐to‐peak floods (i.e., long time from the start to the peak of the hydrograph) experienced higher sediment transport rates during the rising limb than the falling limb of the hydrograph, resulting in reduced sand infiltration.
Upscaling Hillslope‐Scale Subsurface Flow to Inform Catchment‐Scale Recession Behavior
Authors: Ranjram M. , Craig J. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe subsurface flow contribution to a basin hydrograph is often conceptualized as a single lumped reservoir parameterized by a power law function fit through the observed recession behavior of the basin. However, basins may be better represented as multiple independent subsurface hillslope reservoirs characterized with variable, transient recession behavior as a function of the time history of recharge. In this work, we unify the latter, more complex understanding of the subsurface with the large‐scale power law recession behavior convenient in hydrologic modeling applications. This unification is achieved by deriving upscaling relationships capable of converting simple metrics of basin hillslope topography into a signature basin response characterizing the subsurface‐flow‐induced recession from a single recharge event. Event superposition may then be used to simulate the application of a time series of recharge and a simple scaling relationship may be used to handle basins with homogeneous conductivity. The signature response is informed by numerical simulations of the hillslope‐storage Boussinesq equation for unconfined saturated flow through sloping hillslopes applied to 30 basins in the CAMELS database. The efficacy of the upscaled signature response in replicating numerical simulations in 50 CAMELS basins is demonstrated, as is the practical efficacy of the upscaling relationships for predicting transient recession in 17 of these basins. The upscaled signature response method thus provides a tool for hydrologic modelers to estimate transient recession parameters using the insights of subsurface flow modeling, although the predictions made by this method are unable to capture the full variability of observed recession behavior.
The Age of Evapotranspiration: Lower‐Bound Constraints From Distributed Water Fluxes Across the Continental United States
Authors: Hahm W. J. , Lapides D. A. , Rempe D. M. , McCormick E. L. , Dralle D. N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnlike streamflow, which can be sampled in aggregate at the catchment outlet, evapotranspiration (ET) is spatially dispersed, challenging large‐scale age estimation. Here, we introduce an approach for constraining the age of ET via mass balance and present the minimum flux‐weighted age of ET across the continental United States using distributed, publicly available water flux data sets. The lower‐bound constraint on ET age can be calculated by assuming that ET is preferentially sourced from the most recent precipitation through a last‐in, first‐out algorithm. From 2012 to 2017, ET was at least several months old across large areas of the western continental United States, including in Mediterranean and (semi‐)arid climate zones and shrub and evergreen needleleaf plant communities. The primary limitation of this approach is that it provides only a minimum flux‐weighted average age to satisfy the mass balance of outgoing fluxes; true ET fluxes are composed of distributions of ages and may be composed of much older water. The primary advantage of the approach is that flux time series of precipitation and ET are sufficient to constrain ET age, and model parameterization is unnecessary. ET ages can be used to validate tracer‐aided and modeling approaches and inform studies of biogeochemistry, water‐rock interactions, and plant water sourcing under drought.
Association between vegetable, fruit, and flavonoid-rich fruit consumption in midlife and major depressive disorder in later life: the JPHC Saku Mental Health Study
Authors: Narita Zui , Nozaki Shoko , Shikimoto Ryo , Hori Hiroaki , Kim Yoshiharu , Mimura Masaru , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the association between vegetable and fruit consumption – particularly flavonoid-rich fruits – in mid-life and major depressive disorder (MDD) in later life. We also evaluated the association of nutrients in fruits and vegetables with MDD. Vegetable and fruit consumption and nutrient intake for 1204 individuals were averaged from data obtained in 1995 and 2000. MDD was diagnosed by certified psychiatrists in 2014–2015. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of MDD according to quintile of vegetable and fruit consumption and quartile of nutrient intake. We fitted two regression models, using hierarchical adjustment for age, sex, employment status, alcohol consumption, current smoking, and physical activity. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals were used to obtain accurate information. In fully adjusted models, the highest quintile of total fruit consumption excluding juice and flavonoid-rich fruit consumption showed decreased odds of MDD compared with the lowest quintile (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15–0.77; OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20–0.97, respectively). No significant association was found for total vegetables and fruits, total vegetables, or total fruits. No significant association was found for any nutrient. This study provides novel information on the association between MDD and flavonoid-rich fruits.
Elevated SFXN2 limits mitochondrial autophagy and increases iron-mediated energy production to promote multiple myeloma cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Ying , Qian Jinjun , Ding Pinggang , Wang Wang , Li Xinying , Tang Xiaozhu , Tang Chao , Yang Ye , Gu Chunyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman sideroflexin 2 (SFXN2) belongs to the SFXN protein family, which is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in mitochondrial iron metabolism. Mitochondria are indispensable for cellular energy production and iron metabolism. However, it remains elusive how SFXN2 modulates mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular iron metabolism in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we first found that SFXN2 was significantly elevated and correlated to poor outcomes in MM patients from clinical datasets. SFXN2 overexpression promoted MM cell proliferation and suppressed starvation-induced autophagy/mitophagy, while SFXN2 knockdown aggravated mitochondria damage and autophagic processes in ARP1 and H929 MM cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of SFXN2 exerted effectively anti-myeloma activity in vivo by using myeloma xenograft model. Mechanism studies indicated that heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) with anti-oxidant function contributed to the process of autophagy suppression and cellular proliferation mediated by SFXN2. Our study revealed the critical role of SFXN2 in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitophagy, cellular iron metabolism, and redox homeostasis in interconnected and intricate way. Collectively, these findings not only provide insights into the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, but also highlight the therapeutic potential of SFXN2 in combination with iron metabolism as target for prognosis and treatment in MM patients.
USP15 regulates p66Shc stability associated with Drp1 activation in liver ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Tian Xinyao , Zhao Yan , Yang Zhe , Lu Qianrang , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major clinical concern of liver transplantation, which accounts for organ rejection and liver dysfunction. The adaptor protein p66Shc acts as a crucial redox enzyme and is implicated in liver I/R. Elevated p66Shc expression is associated with hepatocellular apoptosis in liver I/R, but the molecular mechanisms of p66Shc responsible for its aberrant expression and function remain unknown. In the present study, hepatocyte-specific p66Shc-knockdown mice exhibited clear inhibition in hepatocellular apoptosis and oxidative stress under liver I/R, while hepatocyte-specific p66Shc overexpression mice displayed the deteriorative impairment. Mechanistically, p66Shc-triggered mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in liver I/R by mediating ROS-driven Drp1 activation. Furthermore, a screening for p66Shc-interacting proteins identified ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) as a mediator critical for abnormal p66Shc expression. Specifically, USP15 interacted with the SH2 domain of p66Shc and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin. In vivo, p66Shc knockdown abrogated USP15-driven hepatocellular apoptosis, whereas p66Shc overexpression counteracted the antiapoptotic effect of USP15 silencing in response to liver I/R. There was clinical evidence for the positive association between p66Shc and USP15 in patients undergoing liver transplantation. In summary, p66Shc contributes to mitochondrial fission and apoptosis associated with Drp1 activation, and abnormal p66Shc expression relies on the activity of USP15 deubiquitination under liver I/R. The current study sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of p66Shc, and identifies USP15 as a novel mediator of p66Shc to facilitate better therapeutics against liver I/R.
Miniature optoelectronic compound eye camera
Authors: Hu Zhi-Yong , Zhang Yong-Lai , Pan Chong , Dou Jian-Yu , Li Zhen-Ze , Tian Zhen-Nan , Mao Jiang-Wei , Chen Qi-Dai , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInspired by insect compound eyes (CEs) that feature unique optical schemes for imaging, there has recently been growing interest in developing optoelectronic CE cameras with comparable size and functions. However, considering the mismatch between the complex 3D configuration of CEs and the planar nature of available imaging sensors, it is currently challenging to reach this end. Here, we report a paradigm in miniature optoelectronic integrated CE camera by manufacturing polymer CEs with 19~160 logarithmic profile ommatidia via femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization. In contrast to μ-CEs with spherical ommatidia that suffer from defocusing problems, the as-obtained μ-CEs with logarithmic ommatidia permit direct integration with a commercial CMOS detector, because the depth-of-field and focus range of all the logarithmic ommatidia are significantly increased. The optoelectronic integrated μ-CE camera enables large field-of-view imaging (90°), spatial position identification and sensitive trajectory monitoring of moving targets. Moreover, the miniature μ-CE camera can be integrated with a microfluidic chip and serves as an on-chip camera for real-time microorganisms monitoring. The insect-scale optoelectronic μ-CE camera provides a practical route for integrating well-developed planar imaging sensors with complex micro-optics elements, holding great promise for cutting-edge applications in endoscopy and robot vision.
Zymoseptoria tritici white-collar complex integrates light, temperature and plant cues to initiate dimorphism and pathogenesis
Authors: Kilaru Sreedhar , Fantozzi Elena , Cannon Stuart , Schuster Martin , Chaloner Thomas M. , Guiu-Aragones Celia , Gurr Sarah J. , Steinberg Gero 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransitioning from spores to hyphae is pivotal to host invasion by the plant pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. This dimorphic switch can be initiated by high temperature in vitro (~27 °C); however, such a condition may induce cellular heat stress, questioning its relevance to field infections. Here, we study the regulation of the dimorphic switch by temperature and other factors. Climate data from wheat-growing areas indicate that the pathogen sporadically experiences high temperatures such as 27 °C during summer months. However, using a fluorescent dimorphic switch reporter (FDR1) in four wild-type strains, we show that dimorphic switching already initiates at 15–18 °C, and is enhanced by wheat leaf surface compounds. Transcriptomics reveals 1261 genes that are up- or down-regulated in hyphae of all strains. These pan-strain core dimorphism genes (PCDGs) encode known effectors, dimorphism and transcription factors, and light-responsive proteins (velvet factors, opsins, putative blue light receptors). An FDR1-based genetic screen reveals a crucial role for the white-collar complex (WCC) in dimorphism and virulence, mediated by control of PCDG expression. Thus, WCC integrates light with biotic and abiotic cues to orchestrate Z. tritici infection.
The augmin complex architecture reveals structural insights into microtubule branching
Authors: Zupa Erik , Würtz Martin , Neuner Annett , Hoffmann Thomas , Rettel Mandy , Böhler Anna , Vermeulen Bram J. A. , Eustermann Sebastian , Schiebel Elmar , Pfeffer Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn mitosis, the augmin complex binds to spindle microtubules to recruit the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), the principal microtubule nucleator, for the formation of branched microtubules. Our understanding of augmin-mediated microtubule branching is hampered by the lack of structural information on the augmin complex. Here, we elucidate the molecular architecture and conformational plasticity of the augmin complex using an integrative structural biology approach. The elongated structure of the augmin complex is characterised by extensive coiled-coil segments and comprises two structural elements with distinct but complementary functions in γ-TuRC and microtubule binding, linked by a flexible hinge. The augmin complex is recruited to microtubules via a composite microtubule binding site comprising a positively charged unordered extension and two calponin homology domains. Our study provides the structural basis for augmin function in branched microtubule formation, decisively fostering our understanding of spindle formation in mitosis.
RAS oncogenic activity predicts response to chemotherapy and outcome in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: East Philip , Kelly Gavin P. , Biswas Dhruva , Marani Michela , Hancock David C. , Creasy Todd , Sachsenmeier Kris , Swanton Charles ,   TRACERx consortium, Downward Julian , de Carné Trécesson Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractActivating mutations in KRAS occur in 32% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Despite leading to aggressive disease and resistance to therapy in preclinical studies, the KRAS mutation does not predict patient outcome or response to treatment, presumably due to additional events modulating RAS pathways. To obtain a broader measure of RAS pathway activation, we developed RAS84, a transcriptional signature optimised to capture RAS oncogenic activity in LUAD. We report evidence of RAS pathway oncogenic activation in 84% of LUAD, including 65% KRAS wild-type tumours, falling into four groups characterised by coincident alteration of STK11/LKB1, TP53 or CDKN2A, suggesting that the classifications developed when considering only KRAS mutant tumours have significance in a broader cohort of patients. Critically, high RAS activity patient groups show adverse clinical outcome and reduced response to chemotherapy. Patient stratification using oncogenic RAS transcriptional activity instead of genetic alterations could ultimately assist in clinical decision-making.
Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Kimball John S. , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Wang Wen J. , Bastos Ana , Madani Nima , Natali Susan M. , Watts Jennifer D. , Rogers Brendan M. , Ciais Philippe , Yu Kailiang , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Chevallier Frederic , Peters Wouter , Patra Prabir K. , Chandra Naveen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWarming of northern high latitude regions (NHL, > 50 °N) has increased both photosynthesis and respiration which results in considerable uncertainty regarding the net carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of NHL ecosystems. Using estimates constrained from atmospheric observations from 1980 to 2017, we find that the increasing trends of net CO2uptake in the early-growing season are of similar magnitude across the tree cover gradient in the NHL. However, the trend of respiratory CO2loss during late-growing season increases significantly with increasing tree cover, offsetting a larger fraction of photosynthetic CO2uptake, and thus resulting in a slower rate of increasing annual net CO2uptake in areas with higher tree cover, especially in central and southern boreal forest regions. The magnitude of this seasonal compensation effect explains the difference in net CO2uptake trends along the NHL vegetation- permafrost gradient. Such seasonal compensation dynamics are not captured by dynamic global vegetation models, which simulate weaker respiration control on carbon exchange during the late-growing season, and thus calls into question projections of increasing net CO2uptake as high latitude ecosystems respond to warming climate conditions.
Giant spin-to-charge conversion at an all-epitaxial single-crystal-oxide Rashba interface with a strongly correlated metal interlayer
Authors: Kaneta-Takada Shingo , Kitamura Miho , Arai Shoma , Arai Takuma , Okano Ryo , Anh Le Duc , Endo Tatsuro , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Kobayashi Masaki , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at interfaces between SrTiO3(STO) and other oxide insulating layers is promising for use in efficient spin-charge conversion due to the large Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI). However, these insulating layers on STO prevent the propagation of a spin current injected from an adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Moreover, the mechanism of the spin-current flow in these insulating layers is still unexplored. Here, using a strongly correlated polar-metalLaTiO3+δ(LTO) interlayer and the 2DEG formed at the LTO/STO interface in an all-epitaxial heterostructure, we demonstrate giant spin-to-charge current conversion efficiencies, up to ~190 nm, using spin-pumping ferromagnetic-resonance voltage measurements. This value is the highest among those reported for all materials, including spin Hall systems. Our results suggest that the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion in LTO and the giant RSOI of LTO/STO may be the key to efficient spin-charge conversion with suppressed spin-flip scattering. Our findings highlight the hidden inherent possibilities of oxide interfaces for spin-orbitronics applications.
The comparison of cancer gene mutation frequencies in Chinese and U.S. patient populations
Authors: Ma Fayang , Laster Kyle , Dong Zigang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKnowing the mutation frequency of cancer genes in China is crucial for reducing the global health burden. We integrate the tumor epidemiological statistics with cancer gene mutation rates identified in 11,948 cancer patients to determine their weighted proportions within a Chinese cancer patient cohort.TP53(51.4%),LRP1B(13.4%),PIK3CA(11.6%),KRAS(11.1%),EGFR(10.6%), andAPC(10.5%) are identified as the top mutated cancer genes in China. Additionally, 18 common cancer types from both China and U.S. cohorts are analyzed and classified into three patterns principally based uponTP53mutation rates:TP53-Top,TP53-Plus, and Non-TP53. Next, corresponding similarities and prominent differences are identified upon comparing the mutational profiles from both cohorts. Finally, the potential population-specific and environmental risk factors underlying the disparities in cancer gene mutation rates between the U.S. and China are analyzed. Here, we show and compare the mutation rates of cancer genes in Chinese and U.S. population cohorts, for a better understanding of the associated etiological and epidemiological factors, which are important for cancer prevention and therapy.
In vivo metabolic imaging identifies lipid vulnerability in a preclinical model of Her2+/Neu breast cancer residual disease and recurrence
Authors: Madonna Megan C. , Duer Joy E. , McKinney Brock J. , Sunassee Enakshi D. , Crouch Brian T. , Ilkayeva Olga , Hirschey Matthew D. , Alvarez James V. , Ramanujam Nirmala 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecurrent cancer cells that evade therapy is a leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. This risk is high for women showing an overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2). Cells that persist can rely on different substrates for energy production relative to their primary tumor counterpart. Here, we characterize metabolic reprogramming related to tumor dormancy and recurrence in a doxycycline-induced Her2+/Neu model of breast cancer with varying times to recurrence using longitudinal fluorescence microscopy. Glucose uptake (2-NBDG) and mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE) imaging metabolically phenotype mammary tumors as they transition to regression, dormancy, and recurrence. “Fast-recurrence” tumors (time to recurrence ~55 days), transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolism during regression and this persists upon recurrence. “Slow-recurrence” tumors (time to recurrence ~100 days) rely on both glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism during recurrence. The increase in mitochondrial activity in fast-recurrence tumors is attributed to a switch from glucose to fatty acids as the primary energy source for mitochondrial metabolism. Consequently, when fast-recurrence tumors receive treatment with a fatty acid inhibitor, Etomoxir, tumors report an increase in glucose uptake and lipid synthesis during regression. Treatment with Etomoxir ultimately prolongs survival. We show that metabolic reprogramming reports on tumor recurrence characteristics, particularly at time points that are essential for actionable targets. The temporal characteristics of metabolic reprogramming will be critical in determining the use of an appropriate timing for potential therapies; namely, the notion that metabolic-targeted inhibition during regression reports long-term therapeutic benefit.
Pathways to a net-zero-carbon water sector through energy-extracting wastewater technologies
Authors: Rani Aishwarya , Snyder Seth W. , Kim Hyunook , Lei Zhongfang , Pan Shu-Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe energy-consuming and carbon-intensive wastewater treatment plants could become significant energy producers and recycled organic and metallic material generators, thereby contributing to broad sustainable development goals, the circular economy, and the water-energy-sanitation-food-carbon nexus. This review provides an overview of the waste(water)-based energy-extracting technologies, their engineering performance, techno-economic feasibility, and environmental benefits. Here, we propose four crucial strategies to achieve net-zero carbon along with energy sufficiency in the water sector, including (1) improvement in process energy efficiency; (2) maximizing on-site renewable capacities and biogas upgrading; (3) harvesting energy from treated effluent; (4) a new paradigm for decentralized water-energy supply units.