bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analytics Approach to Guide Randomized Controlled Trials in Hypertension Management
Authors: Bonifonte Anthony , Ayer Turgay , Haaland Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

Blood pressure (BP) is a significant controllable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide. BP comprises two interrelated measurements: systolic and diastolic. CVD risk is minimized at intermediate BP values, a notion known as the J-curve effect. The J-curve effect imposes fundamental trade-offs in simultaneous management of systolic and diastolic BP; however, assessing a comprehensive set of joint systolic/diastolic BP treatment thresholds while explicitly considering the J-curve effect via randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is not feasible because of the time and cost-prohibitive nature of RCTs. In this study, we propose an analytics approach to identify promising joint systolic/diastolic BP threshold levels for antihypertensive treatment. More specifically, using one of the largest longitudinal BP progression data sets, we first build and fit Brownian motion processes to capture simultaneous progression of systolic/diastolic BP at the population level and externally validate our BP progression model on unseen data. We then analytically characterize the hazard ratio, which enables us to compute the optimal treatment decisions. Finally, building upon the optimal joint BP treatment thresholds, we devise a practical and easily implementable approximate policy. We estimate the potential impact of our findings through a simulation study, which indicates that the impact of explicitly considering the J-curve effect and joint systolic/diastolic BP in treatment decisions could be substantial. Specifically, we estimate that between approximately 3,000 and 9,000 premature deaths from cardiovascular disease in the United States could be prevented annually, a finding that could be tested empirically in randomized trials. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.
Going Alone or Together? A Configurational Analysis of Solo Founding vs. Cofounding
Authors: Howell Travis , Bingham Christopher , Hendricks Bradley 
Published: January 2022

Research and practice suggest that cofounded ventures outperform solo-founded ventures. Yet, little work has explored the conditions under which solo founding might be preferable to cofounding. Combining an inductive case-oriented analysis with a Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 70 new entrepreneurial ventures, we examine why and how solo founders can be as successful as their peers in cofounded ventures. We find that successful solo founders strategically use a set of cocreators rather than cofounders to overcome liabilities, retain control, and mobilize resources in unique and unexpected ways. A primary contribution of this paper is an emergent configurational theory of entrepreneurial organizing. Overall, we reveal the broader significance and theoretical importance of adopting a configurational lens for both practitioners and scholars of entrepreneurship.Funding: Financial support from the Strategy Research Foundation [Grant SRF-2018-DP-9156] is gratefully acknowledged.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1548 .
Evaluation of the abstraction of optical topology models in blockchain-based data center interconnection
Authors: Alemany Pol , Vilalta Ricard , Muñoz Raul , Casellas Ramon , Martínez Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

Data center (DC) interconnection allows us to have optical transmissions between DCs directly connected to optical networks, avoiding the use of a packet-based infrastructure. Thanks to the use of next-generation pluggable coherent optics, it is possible to create connectivity services (CSs) across multiple optical transport domains. In this multi-domain CS scenario, cloud operators and transport operators have to work together in the most dynamic way possible. To do so, they need a common place (i.e., a market) where the transport operators may expose their available optical resources and the cloud operators request (e.g., rent) them to be used in order to create end-to-end (E2E) CSs between DCs. Having multiple transport operators exposing their resource information in a common place requires a set of common rules (i.e., how much of the topology to show) to create E2E CSs requested between cloud operators. This paper makes use of the blockchain technology to present a blockchain-based extension for the software-defined network (SDN) architecture to allow each optical transport operator domain to become a peer in a blockchain network. In there, each peer follows the same rules and shares the same exact level of topology information by using a specific abstraction model to map the optical domain resources. This paper uses a set of three different abstraction models to validate their behavior on a blockchain system when managing multiple domain resources and the deployment of CSs across these domains. To do so, an experimental comparison on how the different abstraction models affect the performance of the blockchain system is presented.
Coherent mechanical noise cancellation and cooperativity competition in optomechanical arrays
Authors: de Jong Matthijs H. J. , Li Jie , Gärtner Claus , Norte Richard A. , Gröblacher Simon 
Published: January 2022

Studying the interplay between multiple coupled mechanical resonators is a promising new direction in the field of optomechanics. Understanding the dynamics of the interaction can lead to rich new effects, such as enhanced coupling and multi-body physics. In particular, multi-resonator optomechanical systems allow for distinct dynamical effects due to the optical cavity coherently coupling mechanical resonators. Here, we study the mechanical response of two SiN membranes and a single optical mode, and find that the cavity induces a time delay between the local and cavity-transduced thermal noises experienced by the resonators. This results in an optomechanical phase lag that causes destructive interference, cancelling the mechanical thermal noise by up to 20 dB in a controllable fashion and matching our theoretical expectation. Based on the effective coupling between membranes, we further propose, derive, and measure a collective effect, cooperativity competition on mechanical dissipation, whereby the linewidth of one resonator depends on the coupling efficiency (cooperativity) of the other resonator.
Mode crossing induced soliton frequency comb generation in high-Q yttria-stabilized zirconia crystalline optical microresonators
Authors: Lin Guoping , Sun Tang 
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the fabrication of high-

Q

crystalline optical microresonators from cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Intrinsic

Q

factors up to 80 million are obtained, indicating an upper bound absorption coefficient of

0.001

cm

−
1

for YSZ crystals at the telecom wavelength. Through laser-scanned spectroscopy on a few-mode YSZ microresonator with a radius of 300 μm, we find that the mode crossing effect in the case of weak coupling can induce a repelling disruption of free spectral range values between transverse mode families. Generation of soliton and soliton crystals in such a YSZ microcomb platform operated in the normal dispersion regime is observed. A breathing comb behavior is also reported. Our finding has enriched comb generation platforms with potential multidisciplinary capabilities linked to properties of YSZ crystals in superconducting films and sensors.
Submicrosecond electro-optical switching of one-dimensional soft photonic crystals
Authors: Ma Lingling , Li Chaoyi , Sun Luyao , Song Zhenpeng , Lu Yanqing , Li Bingxiang 
Published: January 2022

Soft photonic crystals are appealing due to their self-assembly ability, wide tunability, and multistimuli-responsiveness. However, their response time is relatively slow, ranging from milliseconds to minutes. Here, we report submicrosecond switching of chiral liquid crystals (LCs) with 1D photonic microstructures, where electric fields modify the orientational order of molecules and quench their fluctuations, rather than altering the orientation. Thus, the adjusted refractive indices result in a fast shift of the photonic bandgap, on the order of 100 ns, which is four orders of magnitude faster than conventional electro-optic switching in cholesterics. This work offers tremendous opportunities for soft photonic applications.
Neural responses associated with attentional engagement and disengagement from threat in high socially anxious children: Evidence from temporal-spatial PCA
Authors: Wauthia Erika , D’Hondt Fabien , Blekic Wivine , Lefebvre Laurent , Ris Laurence , Rossignol Mandy 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cognitive models indicated that social anxiety disorder (SAD) would be caused and maintained by a biased attentional processing of threatening information. This study investigates whether socially anxious children may present impaired attentional engagement and disengagement from negative emotional faces, as well as their underlying event-related potential responses.

Methods and findings
Fifteen children with high levels of social anxiety (HSA; 9 boys; mean age = 9.99y; SD = 1.14) and twenty low socially anxious children (LSA; 16 boys; mean age = 10.47y; SD = 1.17) participated in a spatial cueing task in which they had to detect targets following neutral/disgusted faces in a valid or invalid location. No group effect was reported on reaction times [p>.05]. However, electrophysiological data showed lower P3a amplitude in HSA children compared with the LSA group when processing facial stimuli. They also reported larger N2 amplitudes for valid-disgusted targets and a larger P3a amplitude for the invalid-disgusted ones.

Conclusion
In terms of electrophysiological data, our results validated, the hypothesis of attentional disengagement difficulties in SAD children. We also confirm the idea that high levels of social anxiety are associated with cognitive control impairments and have a greater impact on the processing efficiency than on the performance effectiveness.
What are the risk factors of hospital length of stay in the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients? A survival analysis in southwest China
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Liu Yuanyuan , Wei Luyi , Ji John S. , Liu Yang , Liu Runyou , Zha Yuxin , Chang Xiaoyu , Zhang Lun , Liu Qian , Zhang Yu , Zeng Jing , Dong Ting , Xu Xinyin , Zhou Lijun , He Jun , Deng Ying , Zhong Bo , Wu Xianping 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe global epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has resulted in substantial healthcare resource consumption. Since patients’ hospital length of stay (LoS) is at stake in the process, an investigation of COVID-19 patients’ LoS and its risk factors becomes urgent for a better understanding of regional capabilities to cope with COVID-19 outbreaks.MethodsFirst, we obtained retrospective data of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Sichuan province via National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS) and field surveys, including their demographic, epidemiological, clinical characteristics and LoS. Then we estimated the relationship between LoS and the possibly determinant factors, including demographic characteristics of confirmed patients, individual treatment behavior, local medical resources and hospital grade. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model were applied for single factor and multi-factor survival analysis.ResultsFrom January 16, 2020 to March 4, 2020, 538 human cases of COVID-19 infection were laboratory-confirmed, and were hospitalized for treatment, including 271 (50%) patients aged ≥ 45, 285 (53%) males, and 450 patients (84%) with mild symptoms. The median LoS was 19 (interquartile range (IQR): 14–23, range: 3–41) days. Univariate analysis showed that age and clinical grade were strongly related to LoS (P<0.01). Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the longer LoS was associated with those aged ≥ 45 (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60–0.91), admission to provincial hospital (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.99), and severe illness (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.90). By contrast, the shorter LoS was linked with residential areas with more than 5.5 healthcare workers per 1,000 population (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05–1.65). Neither gender factor nor time interval from illness onset to diagnosis showed significant impact on LoS.ConclusionsUnderstanding COVID-19 patients’ hospital LoS and its risk factors is critical for governments’ efficient allocation of resources in respective regions. In areas with older and more vulnerable population and in want of primary medical resources, early reserving and strengthening of the construction of multi-level medical institutions are strongly suggested to cope with COVID-19 outbreaks.
PET metabolic tumor volume as a new prognostic factor in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Fayolle Helio , Jehanno Nina , Lauwers-Cances Valerie , Castex Marie-Pierre , Orbach Daniel , Mognetti Thomas , Nadège Corradini , Payoux Pierre , Hitzel Anne 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Childhood RMS is a rare malignant disease in which evaluation of tumour spread at diagnosis is essential for therapeutic management. F-18 FDG-PET imaging is currently used for initial RMS disease staging.

Materials and methods
This multicentre retrospective study in six French university hospitals was designed to analyse the prognostic accuracy of MTV at diagnosis for patients with RMS between 1 January 2007 and 31 October 2017, for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). MTV was defined as the sum of the primitive tumour and the largest metastasis, where relevant, with a 40% threshold of the primary tumour SUVmax. Additional aims were to define the prognostic value of SUVmax, SUVpeak, and bone lysis at diagnosis.

Results
Participants were 101 patients with a median age of 7.4 years (IQR [4.0-12.5], 62 boys), with localized disease (35 cases), regional nodal spread (43 cases), or distant metastases (23). 44 patients had alveolar subtypes. In a univariate analysis, a MTV greater than 200 cm3 was associated with OS (HR = 3.47 [1.79;6.74], p<0.001) and PFS (HR = 3.03 [1.51;6.07], p = 0.002). SUVmax, SUVpeak, and bone lysis also influenced OS (respectively p = 0.005, p = 0.004 and p = 0.007) and PFS (p = 0.029, p = 0.019 and p = 0.015). In a multivariate analysis, a MTV greater than 200 cm3 was associated with OS (HR = 2.642 [1.272;5.486], p = 0.009) and PFS (HR = 2.707 [1.322;5.547], p = 0.006) after adjustment for confounding factors, including SUVmax, SUVpeak, and bone lysis.

Conclusion
A metabolic tumor volume greater than 200 cm3, SUVmax, SUVpeak, and bone lysis in the pre-treatment assessment were unfavourable for outcome.
Comparing public attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and behaviours towards antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in Australia, United Kingdom, and Sweden (2010-2021): A systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparative policy analysis
Authors: Hawkins Olivia , Scott Anna Mae , Montgomery Amy , Nicholas Bevan , Mullan Judy , van Oijen Antoine , Degeling Chris 
Published: January 2022

Background
Social and behavioural drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recent reports indicate the Australian community consumes more than twice the defined daily doses (DDD) of antibiotics per 1000 population than in Sweden, and about 20% more than in the United Kingdom (UK). We compare measures of public knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surrounding AMR in Australia, the UK and Sweden against the policy approaches taken in these settings to address inappropriate antibiotic use.

Methods
National antimicrobial stewardship policies in Australia, Sweden, and the UK were reviewed, supplemented by empirical studies of their effectiveness. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL databases for primary studies of the general public’s KAP around antibiotic use and AMR in each setting (January 1 2011 until July 30 2021). Where feasible, we meta-analysed data on the proportion of participants agreeing with identical or very similar survey questions, using a random effects model.

Results
Policies in Sweden enact tighter control of community antibiotic use; reducing antibiotic use through public awareness raising is not a priority. Policies in the UK and Australia are more reliant on practitioner and public education to encourage appropriate antibiotic use. 26 KAP were included in the review and 16 were meta-analysable. KAP respondents in Australia and the UK are consistently more likely to report beliefs and behaviours that are not aligned with appropriate antibiotic use, compared to participants in similar studies conducted in Sweden.

Conclusions
Interactions between public knowledge, attitudes and their impacts on behaviours surrounding community use of antibiotics are complex and contingent. Despite a greater focus on raising public awareness in Australia and the UK, neither antibiotic consumption nor community knowledge and attitudes are changing significantly. Clearly public education campaigns can contribute to mitigating AMR. However, the relative success of policy approaches taken in Sweden suggests that practice level interventions may also be required to activate prescribers and the communities they serve to make substantive reductions in inappropriate antibiotic use.
Effects of replacement therapies with clotting factors in patients with hemophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Delgado-Flores Carolina J. , García-Gomero David , Salvador-Salvador Stefany , Montes-Alvis José , Herrera-Cunti Celina , Taype-Rondan Alvaro 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundDifferent prophylactic and episodic clotting factor treatments are used in the management of hemophilia. A summarize of the evidence is needed inform decision-making.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of factor replacement therapies in patients with hemophilia.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, and Scopus. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 2020, which compared different factor replacement therapies in patients with hemophilia. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed whenever possible. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225857).ResultsNine RCTs were included in this review, of which six compared episodic with prophylactic treatment, all of them performed in patients with hemophilia A. Pooled results showed that, compared to the episodic treatment group, the annualized bleeding rate was lower in the low-dose prophylactic group (ratio of means [RM]: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.43), intermediate-dose prophylactic group (RM: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.36), and high-dose prophylactic group (RM: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.13). With significant difference between these subgroups (p = 0.003, I2= 82.9%). In addition, compared to the episodic treatment group, the annualized joint bleeding rate was lower in the low-dose prophylactic group (RM: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.43), intermediate-dose prophylactic group (RM of 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.27), and high-dose prophylactic group (RM of 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.16). Without significant subgroup differences. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes according to GRADE methodology. The other studies compared different types of clotting factor concentrates (CFCs), assessed pharmacokinetic prophylaxis, or compared different frequencies of medication administration.ConclusionsOur results suggest that prophylactic treatment (at either low, intermediate, or high doses) is superior to episodic treatment for bleeding prevention. In patients with hemophilia A, the bleeding rate seems to have a dose-response effect. However, no study compared different doses of prophylactic treatment, and all results had a very low certainty of the evidence. Thus, future studies are needed to confirm these results and inform decision making.
High prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella species and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Woyinshet , Desta Moges , Menjetta Tadesse 
Published: January 2022

Background
Food-borne diseases related to the consumption of meat and its products had public health importance worldwide. The problem became worst in Ethiopia as the result of the tradition of eating raw cattle meat. Salmonella species and Escherichia coli are important food-borne pathogens associated with meat contamination. Hence the current study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella species and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study was done on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E.coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city from September to December 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire and raw cattle meat and swab samples were collected from meat cutting equipment. The collected samples transported using icebox to Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences Microbiology Laboratory for identification. Samples were grown on different culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by using Kirby disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed into SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were done and P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result
The overall prevalence of salmonella and ESBL producing E.coli among 556 samples collected from 278 butcher houses was 36 (6.47%) (95% CI: 1.68–1.79) of which 13 (2.3%) were ESBL producing E.coli and 23(4.1%) were salmonella species. Poor hand washing practice (AOR = 2.208; 95% CI: 1.249–3.904) and touching birr while selling meat (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI: (0.433–1.299) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of salmonella species and E.coli on cattle meat. The isolates showed moderate levels of resistance (60–70%) against Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and high susceptibility (85–100%) against gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ceftazidime, and tetracycline and the overall multidrug resistance was 33.3%.

Conclusion
This study revealed moderately high prevalence of salmonella and E.coli due to poor hygiene and sanitation practices in the butcher shops. Furthermore, the existence of ESBL producing E.coli isolates clearly indicate the possible threat to public health. Therefore, inspection by the right agencies must be implemented in order to prevent food-borne outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance.
Artificial Intelligence and the Risk for Intuition Decline in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Duarte-Rojo Andres , Sejdic Ervin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing big data analytics. In this issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Ahn et al. introduce the AI-cirrhosis-electrocardiogram score that can grade the electrophysiologic cardiac changes present in patients with cirrhosis. Apart from showing excellent accuracy to identify cirrhosis, the AI-cirrhosis-electrocardiogram algorithm identified a biological gradient and signal reversibility after transplantation. Clinical applicability needs to be determined. Some concerns inherent to the use of AI are discussed, including the need to verify that the quality of data used for machine training is optimal. The black box nature of AI-identified associations is discussed, along with the lack of pathophysiologic coherence allowing intuitive medical reasoning.