bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti–Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count predict ovarian response in women less than 45 years following GnRH antagonist multiple–dose protocol
Authors: Laqqan Mohammed M , Yassin Maged M 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To speculate which of the following parameters: antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and age can be used as a predictor of ovarian response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years, and to determine the cutoff value of these parameters and their correlations for predicting low and high ovarian response.

Methods:
This prospective study included 462 women with the mean age of (29.3±6.5) years. All women were subjected to the GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol. On the second day of the menstrual cycle, ultrasonography was conducted to determine AFC in both ovaries. Peripheral blood samples were collected to evaluate the level of estradiol, FSH, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and AMH. The women were divided into three groups: low response (AHH<1 ng/mL, n=173), normal response (AMH=1.0-3.5 ng/mL, n=175), and high response (AMH >3.5 ng/mL, n=114).

Results:
A significant decrease was found in the age and FSH level in the high response group compared to other groups (P<0.001). Conversely, a significant increase was shown in AMH, estradiol on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day, AFC, mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and embryos transferred in the high response group compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that AFC and AMH had the highest accuracy, followed by basal FSH level and age in the prediction of low ovarian reserves (P<0.001) with cutoff values of ≤4.50 and ≤0.95 for AFC and AMH, respectively. Moreover, the ROC analysis showed that AFC had the highest accuracy, followed by AMH level and age in the prediction of high ovarian reserves with a cutoff value of ≥14.50, ≥3.63, and ≤27.50 years, respectively (P<0.01). A significant decrease was observed in women's age, estradiol level, and oocyte fertilization rate in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P<0.001).
Additionally, significant negative correlations were found between the AFC, the number of mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes, embryos transferred, and the age of pregnant women (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
AFC and AMH predict low and high ovarian response to GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years.
Oxytocin improves testicular blood flow without enhancing the steroidogenic activity in Baladi goats
Authors: Hedia Mohamed G. , El-Shalofy Amr S. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To investigate the effects of a single oxytocin injection on plasma steroid concentrations, testicular blood flow measures (resistive and pulsatility indexes), and testicular echogenicity in Baladi goats.

Methods:
Twelve Baladi goat bucks were randomly allocated into 2 groups and received an intravenous injection of either 0.7 IU/kg oxytocin or normal saline 0.9%. Venous blood samples were collected, and testicular blood flow Doppler parameters (i.e, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index) were assessed for supratesticular arteries in the left and right testes immediately before (0), and at 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection.

Results:
Plasma concentrations of testosterone significantly decreased in the oxytocin group at 60 min post-treatment compared to the control group, whereas plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 β were not affected (P>0.05). Both resistive index and pulsatility index declined in the oxytocin group at 60 min post­treatment compared to the control group (P<0.05). Testicular pixel intensity increased at 30 min post-treatment in the oxytocin group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Oxytocin treatment significantly increases testicular blood flow and decreases plasma testosterone concentrations in male Baladi goats.
Evaluation of intratesticular chlorhexidine gluconate for chemical contraception in dogs
Authors: Virendra Aeknath , Shrivastava Om Prakash , Shukla Satya Nidhi , Shukla Manish Kumar , Bajaj Nitin Kumar , Khanam Afroza , Khan Firdous Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To investigate the contraceptive effect of intratesticular injection of chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs and compare it with that of zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine.

Methods:
Twenty-four sexually mature male mongrel dogs were randomly divided by replicate into four groups (n=6 per group). Group I received intra-testicular injection of 2 mL zinc gluconate (10 mg/mL) neutralized with arginine. Group II received intratesticular injection of 2 mL chlorhexidine gluconate (5% w/v). Group III received intratesticular injection of 2 mL chlorhexidine gluconate (4% w/v). Group IV did not receive any treatment and served as the control group. Testicular morphometry was conducted on day 0, 7, 15 and 30 after treatment. Semen was collected and evaluated on day 0 and 30. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:
There was no difference in the mean values of various parameters between dogs treated with zinc gluconate and those treated with chlorhexidine gluconate at any of the time points. In dogs treated with zinc gluconate or chlorhexidine gluconate, there was a significant increase in the testicular morphometric parameters on day 7 followed by a significant reduction thereafter (day 15 and 30). In contrast, there was no change in any of the parameters in the control untreated dogs during the course of the study. Compared to the pre-treatment values, the mean scrotal circumference and the mean paired testicular volume and testicular weight on day 30 were significantly lower in the treated dogs. Semen samples collected on day 30 from treated dogs were found to be azoospermic, whereas no change in semen quality was observed in the control untreated dogs.

Conclusions:
Intratesticular injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (5% w/v and 4% w/v) is equally as effective as zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine for chemical contraception in dogs.
Endodontic management of perforating internal resorption in a mandibular molar using sandwich technique
Authors: Chopra Viresh , Chopra Harneet , Singh Gurdeep , Javanmardi Shahab , Alharthy Nutayla , Qutieshat Abubaker , Pawar Ajinkya M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Internal inflammatory root resorption is an uncommon pathology that can progress to the periradicular vicinity. It is frequently asymptomatic and only discovered during a radiological screening. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is extremely crucial in tackling these cases. A perforating internal resorptive cavity in the distal root of the mandibular first molar was successfully managed using a sandwich concept of sectional apical obturation with gutta-percha and Bioceramic sealer followed by the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate in the resorptive cavity.
Comparative evaluation of different access cavity designs on intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth using two different agents – An in vitro study
Authors: Talwar Sonali , Mahajan Pardeep , Bajaj Nitika , Monga Prashant , Marya Pratibha , Gandhi Piyush 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim:
The present in vitro study was designed to determine the effect of different access cavity designs on intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth with two different agents.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty selected permanent maxillary central incisors were stained. Traditional and contracted access cavity designs and two types of bleaching agents, i.e., 35% carbamide peroxide and 35 percent hydrogen peroxide were used for the study. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer: before staining (T1), after staining (T2), at 7 and 14 days (T3 and T4) post bleaching. The values were calculated and subjected to the statistical analysis.

Results:
The results of our study showed that teeth in which traditional access cavity (TAC) was prepared had statistically significant better bleaching results with both 35% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide than contracted access cavity design. Carbamide peroxide showed better results than hydrogen peroxide irrespective of the access cavity design, but difference was statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that TAC design showed better results than contracted access with both carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Whereas, when bleaching agents were compared 35% carbamide peroxide is better than 35% hydrogen peroxide irrespective of access cavity design used.
Correlation of endodontic infection and cytokine expression in patients with systemic diseases
Authors: Abraham Dax , Singh Arundeep , Kurian Ansy Hanna , Gupta Alpa , Aneja Kritika , Sethi Simar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim:
The role of various host response mediators in pulpitis has been extensively documented as these components may operate as biomarkers that reflect the condition of pulp tissues. The expression of these biomarkers is further affected in the presence of different systemic diseases. This review aims to assess if a correlation exists in the expression of cytokines and endodontic infection in patients having various systemic diseases undergoing nonsurgical endodontic therapy.

Materials and Methods:
The review includes a complete manual search as well as electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to frame the review process. The critical appraisal checklist for quasi experimental studies developed by Joanna Briggs Institute was used to examine the risk of bias. For prospective clinical studies, eight criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. The studies included were clinical trials that estimated mRNA expression of cytokines from periapical interstitial fluid before and following disinfection of the root canals in patients suffering from various systemic diseases.

Results:
This review included a total of four papers from the initial 122 publications. When compared to normal controls, endodontic infection was associated with altered expression of these cytokines in patients presenting various systemic diseases.

Conclusions:
This information can subsequently be utilized to correctly distinguish between diseased and healthy pulp tissues. The interaction of cytokines in systemic diseases and their possible use in endodontics as a more precise and biologically based diagnostic tool can be planned.
Four distal root canals in a two-rooted permanent mandibular first molar
Authors: Ujariya Urvashi M. , Patel Foram H. , Bharatiya Rajendra P. , Kothari Anjali K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding root canal anatomy and its variations is an essential part of the success of endodontic treatment. This case report represents an extremely rare occurrence of four distal root canals in a two-rooted mandibular first molar (MFM). Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of MFM was performed with the aid of the dental operating microscope and ultrasonic troughing tips. PubMed database (www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pubmed) was searched for relevant articles using specific search terminologies for conducting the literature review. Data extraction was performed in relation with the inclusion and exclusion criteria provided in the study. Quantitative data synthesis was performed. Only four cases (including the present case) of four distal root canals in two-rooted MFMs have been reported in dental literature. Among these, three cases were reported in the Indian population. The overall incidence of four canals in a distal root of two-rooted MFMs is 0.09% according to clinical/laboratory studies. The most common distal root canal configurations of two-rooted MFMs found in clinical/laboratory studies were Vertucci type I (68.15%) followed by type II (37.6%) and type III (35.08%). A meticulous understanding of the anatomical variations, preoperative awareness, and intraoperative care to identify the landmarks of usual as well as any unusual anatomy of the root canal system will help to increase the rate of clinical success.
Comparative evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis on tooth substrate
Authors: Sanju Dona , Kumari Veronica Aruna , Thomas Toby , Thomas Julie Toby , Sujeer Ramakrishna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare the antibacterial efficacy of cerium oxide nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis on tooth substrate – an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
The experiment was conducted in three stages. In Stage 1, antibacterial susceptibility test of three test materials, cerium oxide nanoparticles, calcium hydroxide, and vancomycin against E. faecalis was done using disc diffusion method. In Stage 2, determination of minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was done by tube dilution method. In Stage 3, determination of CFU was carried out using dentinal blocks at 1-day and 5-day intervals at two different dentinal depths (200 μm and 400 μm) for calcium hydroxide (Group 1), cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersion (Group 2), a mixture of calcium hydroxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles (Group 3), and sterile water (Group 4).

Results:
The reduction of E. faecalis achieved by cerium oxide nanoparticles dispersion on day 5 was 66.9% as against 46.7% as shown by mixture of the two medicaments and 34.8% by calcium hydroxide paste alone on day 5 at 400-μm depth.

Conclusion:
Cerium oxide nanoparticles show a significantly higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to calcium hydroxide and its combination.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Outpatient Management of Low-Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ranhbar Abdolmohammad , Sohrabi Bahram , Hajizadeh Reza , Shoar Mahdi Karimi , Kavandi Hadiseh , Ghodratizadeh Sahar , Sakha Hanieh , Mohammadi Kamran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Low-risk pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) outpatient management has been described recently. The blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a useful marker of cardiovascular disease and an independent predictor of cardiac mortality. The predictive value of NLR in predicting mortality of low-risk PTE was evaluated in this study.

Materials and Methods:
The total of 168 patients with definite pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography angiography whose on-admission simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score was zero enrolled in this study. The survival rate of patients according to their NLR was evaluated.

Results:
During 12 months' follow-up period, eight patients (4.7%) died. None of the patients with an NLR of <3.2 died during the follow-up. The median values of NLR in the nonsurvivor and survivor groups were 9.2 ± 3.03 (2–29.5) and 4.69 ± 0.43 (0.8–24.5), respectively. NLR values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that patients with zero PESI score and NLR <3.2 could be managed patiently with good results.
A Narrative Review on Exercise and Cardiovascular Events: “Primum Non Nocere”
Authors: Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Bletsa Evanthia , Lazarou Emilia , Leontsinis Ioannis , Stampouloglou Panagiota , Dri Eirini , Sakalidis Athanasios , Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Tsioufis Panagiotis , Siasos Gerasimos , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exercise provides beneficial effects on the primary and secondary prevention of numerous chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignancies. Despite its indisputable benefits, exercise can rarely trigger major adverse cardiovascular events such as ventricular arr hythmias, myocardial infarction, or even sudden cardiac arrest in susceptible individuals. Physiological changes that occur during exercise, including increased sympathetic activity and cardiac oxygen requirements, may account for ischemia and trigger ventricular ectopy with eventually adverse outcomes. Tailored preparticipation screening for exercise and sports engagement is fundamental to unveiling underlying pathological conditions. The present review summarizes the overall impact of exercise on cardiovascular health and highlights the recommended prevention strategies.
Impact of Sleep on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sum-Ping Oliver , Geng Yong-Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sleep is a universal biological function but remains poorly understood and a relatively new field of science and medicine. Over the past decade, there have been rapidly accumulating scientific and clinical data around sleep, including the effects of various sleep aspects on cardiovascular health. Much of the research in the field has focused on sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea. However, other sleep pathologies including hypersomnolence disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and parasomnia disorders have been linked with cardiovascular health. Other areas of sleep, such as sleep duration, timing, and circadian rhythms, also have a demonstrated association with heart health. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the literature connecting sleep and cardiovascular disease.
Exercise, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Their Effects on Cardiovascular Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hooshiar Saeedeh Hosseini , Esmaili Helia , Taherian AmirMohammad , Jafarnejad Sadegh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lifelong accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of AGEs, cardiovascular dysfunction develops and progresses via two main mechanisms: cross-linking AGEs with tissue proteins and binding of AGEs to their receptor for AGE (RAGE). In addition, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in these patients may be due to increased oxidative stress, leading to an elevation in blood circulation and tissue AGEs. Increasing physical activity is a critical approach among the different strategies to manage the deleterious effects of these changes caused by disease. Exercise prevents the accumulation of AGEs and slows the progression of chronic disease sequels. Exercise reduces AGE levels through a reduction of insulin sensitivity, fat mass, inflammation, and RAGE expression. An improvement in glucose metabolism and glycemic control are also other possible explanations. Reduced peripheral insulin resistance may attenuate AGE accumulation. Physical exercise causes more antioxidant enzyme secretion and reduces oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory endothelial function is improved by exercise. After exercise, subendothelial matrix stiffness decreases, and endothelial function is improved. In this current study, the association between AGEs and exercise and their interaction effects on CVD are discussed.
The Role of Cortisol in the Development of Post-Stroke Dementia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Edwards Isabella , Singh Indu , Rose'meyer Roselyn B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stroke is defined as a neurological deficit which lasts more than 24 h or leads to death, which is caused by a focal acute injury to the central nervous system with a vascular origin. Strokes are one of the greatest challenges in public health. As an acutely stressful event, strokes have been associated with an increased release in the stress hormone cortisol. Elevated cortisol has been linked to deleterious impacts on the brain, particularly the hippocampus, and has been associated with the development of dementia, though the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Dementia is also an important stroke outcome, affecting approximately a third of stroke survivors in the long term. This review explores the relationship between strokes and cortisol, to determine the association between cortisol and hippocampal/neuronal damage and poststroke dementia and cortisol.
Facing Sleep and Mental Health Problems in the Covid-19 Era: What Shall We Do?
Authors: Meng Shiqiu , Lu Lin , Yuan Kai , Yang Doris , Zhang Icey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this interview, Prof. Lin Lu introduced ways to improve sleep and relieve stress, influences of sleep on the heart and mental health, essential qualities of psychiatrists, etc. His major viewpoints are: (a) sleep deprivation disrupts physiological functions, (b) prevalence of mental health problems in the general population, health-care workers, and students showed an increasing trend following COVID-19, and (c) it is a tendency for doctors to develop a comprehensive and integrated treatment plan from the physical and mental perspectives.
The Armchair Obtuse Marginals: Anomalous Origin of Obtuse Marginals from Right Coronary Sinus - a Case Report
Authors: Das Debasish , Das Tutan , Pramanik Subhas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report a rare case of anomalous origin of obtuse marginals (OMs) from a common trunk arising from the right coronary sinus in an interesting armchair shape in a 52-year-old female presenting with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. During routine coronary angiography, the origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery was visualized and the origin of the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery was not visualized with the sign of nonperfused myocardium in the LCX artery territory. Our case is a rare illustration of armchair OMs with nonperfused proximal and middle LCX coronary artery territory.
Challenges and gender-based differences for women in the Indian urological workforce
Authors: Pandit Shruti Rahul , Venugopal P. , Keshavamurthy Ramaiah , Chawla Arun 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Entry of women into urology has not kept pace with that in other surgical branches with only 1% of Urological Society of India (USI) members being female. The objective of this study was to explore the personal and professional challenges, practice barriers, and level of satisfaction among female urologists/urology trainees in India.

Methods:
A strictly confidential and anonymous 26-item questionnaire with respect to professional and personal challenges, workplace discrimination, and family satisfaction was circulated as a Google form through email and WhatsApp to all the female members of the USI (full and associate) and trainees (n = 48) based on identification from the USI directory.

Results:
Thirty-three out of 48 female urologists responded (68%). Among the respondents (n = 33), majority had <5 years of experience (60.6%), of which 30.3% were residents, which reflected a recent surge in women joining urology. Majority (57.7%) chose to subspecialize, commonly in “female urology”. Many (72.7%) were encouraged to take this subspecialty. Gender discrimination at workplace was reported by 54.5%, commonly by patients and consultants. 68% of respondents had conceived either before or during residency, leading to additional domestic responsibilities. 9.1% suffered a pregnancy-related complication, which they believed was a direct consequence of their work environment. These obstacles led to 30.3% of women reporting that their personal life had compromised their careers. Professional dissatisfaction was reported by 60.1% of women, with common causes being less operative time than male counterparts and lack of mentorship. Despite these challenges given a chance, 78.7% would choose urology again, and 66.7% would encourage their daughter to pursue a career in urology.

Conclusion:
Professional and personal challenges as perceived by women responding to our survey include gender discrimination in training and work, lack of mentorship, pregnancy-related compilations, and compromised career due to family responsibilities. Despite these, most would choose this specialty again.