bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance in health and healthcare: Applying Essex conceptualisation to a multiphased study on the experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender‐based violence
Authors: Mainey Lydia , O'Mullan Cathy , Reid‐Searl Kerry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore the act of resistance by nurses and midwives at the nexus of abortion care and gender‐based violence. We commence with a brief overview of a multiphased extended grounded theory doctoral project that analysed the individual, situational and socio‐political experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender‐based violence. We then turn to Essex's conceptualisation of resistance in health and healthcare and draw upon these concepts to tell a unifying and cohesive story about how nurses and midwives exercise their politics. Vignettes taken from the three study phases are provided for demonstrative purposes. Finally, we discuss the potential of resistance in health and healthcare as a postmodern feminist research tool to analyse acts by nurses and midwives that could be categorised as political.
Multiple drug transporters contribute to the brain transfer of levofloxacin
Authors: Cen Yuying , Shan Yuheng , Zhao Jiahua , Xu Xiaojiao , Nie Zhiyong , Zhang Jiatang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of the major transporters at blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier on levofloxacin (LVFX) pharmacokinetics in rat. To explore the different effects of transporters on drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain extracellular fluid (ECF).MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with microdialysis was used to continuously and synchronously measure unbound concentrations of LVFX in rat blood, hippocampal ECF, and lateral ventricle CSF for comprehensive characterization of brain pharmacokinetics. The role of transporters in the brain efflux mechanism of LVFX was analyzed in the absence and presence of various transporter inhibitors.ResultsFollowing LVFX (50 mg/kg) administration, the unbound partition coefficient of LVFX in brain ECF and CSF (Kp,uu,ECF and Kp,uu,CSF) were 34.0 ± 1.7% and 41.2 ± 2.4%, respectively. When probenecid was coadministered with LVFX, the AUC and the mean residence time (MRT) in rat blood increased significantly (p < 0.05). After MK571 intervention, 1.35‐fold and 1.16‐fold increases in Kp,uu,ECF and Kp,uu,CSF were observed, respectively (p < 0.05). Treatment with Ko143 increased the levels of LVFX in brain ECF. The difference in LVFX concentration in brain ECF and CSF was <3‐fold with or without treatment with transporter inhibitors.ConclusionEfflux of LVFX from the central nervous system (CNS) involves multidrug resistance‐associated proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and organic anion transporters (OATs). MRPs play an important role in mediating the brain/CSF‐to‐blood efflux of LVFX. LVFX concentrations in CSF can be used as a surrogate to predict the concentrations inside brain parenchyma.
Protected areas still used to produce Brazil's cattle
Authors: West Thales A. P. , Rausch Lisa , Munger Jacob , Gibbs Holly K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCattle production inside Brazil's protected areas (PAs), including indigenous lands, continues to contaminate Amazonian supply chains more than a decade after efforts to reform the sector were launched with the signing of the zero‐deforestation cattle agreements (CAs). During 2013–2018, nearly 1.1 million cattle head were sold directly from private properties inside PAs to slaughterhouses in Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia states. Another 2.2 million head were linked via indirect suppliers located in PAs. Most of these 3.3 million slaughtered head were originated in to sustainable‐use areas (72%), where cattle ranching may be permitted in certain cases; however, production also occurred in strictly protected units (20%) and indigenous lands (8%), where commercial grazing activities are illegal and prohibited by the CAs. Nearly half of the PA properties linked to cattle transactions from 2013 to 2018 also had deforestation. We estimate that approximately 2.8 million cattle head from properties in PAs were sold to slaughterhouses participating in the CAs (86% of the total cattle from indirect suppliers in PAs). Controlling commercial cattle production inside of PAs is crucial to both ensure Brazil's access to international beef markets and protect critical biodiversity regions in the Amazon rainforest.
Advancing a causal role of type 2 diabetes and its components in developing macro‐ and microvascular complications via genetic studies
Authors: Ahmed Altayeb , Sattar Naveed , Yaghootkar Hanieh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe role of diabetes in developing microvascular and macrovascular complications has been subject to extensive research. Despite multiple observational and genetic studies, the causal inference of diabetes (and associated risk factors) on those complications remains incomplete. In this review, we focused on type 2 diabetes, as the major form of diabetes, and investigated the evidence of causality provided by observational and genetic studies. We found that genetic studies based on Mendelian randomization provided consistent evidence of causal inference of type 2 diabetes on macrovascular complications; however, the evidence for causal inference on microvascular complications has been somewhat limited. We also noted high BMI could be causal for several diabetes complications, notable given high BMI is commonly upstream of type 2 diabetes and the recent calls to target weight loss more aggressively. We emphasize the need for further studies to identify type 2 diabetes components that mostly drive the risk of those complications. Even so, the genetic evidence summarized broadly concurs with the need for a multifactorial risk reduction approach in type 2 diabetes, including addressing excess adiposity.
Big data and machine learning to tackle diabetes management
Authors: Pina Ana F. , Meneses Maria João , Sousa‐Lima Inês , Henriques Roberto , Raposo João F. , Macedo Maria Paula 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2 Diabetes (T2D) diagnosis is based solely on glycaemia, even though it is an endpoint of numerous dysmetabolic pathways. Type 2 Diabetes complexity is challenging in a real‐world scenario; thus, dissecting T2D heterogeneity is a priority. Cluster analysis, which identifies natural clusters within multidimensional data based on similarity measures, poses a promising tool to unravel Diabetes complexity.MethodsIn this review, we scrutinize and integrate the results obtained in most of the works up to date on cluster analysis and T2D.ResultsTo correctly stratify subjects and to differentiate and individualize a preventive or therapeutic approach to Diabetes management, cluster analysis should be informed with more parameters than the traditional ones, such as etiological factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, other dysmetabolic co‐morbidities, and biochemical factors, that is the millieu. Ultimately, the above‐mentioned factors may impact on Diabetes and its complications. Lastly, we propose another theoretical model, which we named the Integrative Model. We differentiate three types of components: etiological factors, mechanisms and millieu. Each component encompasses several factors to be projected in separate 2D planes allowing an holistic interpretation of the individual pathology.ConclusionFully profiling the individuals, considering genomic and environmental factors, and exposure time, will allow the drive to precision medicine and prevention of complications.
Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution: Causes, Consequences, Controversies David W. Pfennig (ed). xxxi + 404 pp., index. Evolutionary Cell Biology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. $230 (hardback); Open Access (pdf).
Authors: Love Alan C. , Wagner Günter P. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights
Details the important contributions and significance of this edited volume for the field.
Describes key conceptual questions that remain outstanding.
Telemedicine for neurological diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: León‐Salas Beatriz , González‐Hernández Yadira , Infante‐Ventura Diego , de Armas‐Castellano Aythami , García‐García Javier , García‐Hernández Miguel , Carmona‐Rodríguez Montserrat , Olazarán Javier , Dobato José Luis , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Leticia , Trujillo‐Martín María M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to systematically review the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine combined with usual care (in‐person visits) compared to usual care for the therapeutic management and follow‐up assessment of neurological diseases.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched (June 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on patients of any age with neurological diseases were considered. Two reviewers screened and abstracted data in duplicate and independently and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). When possible, pooled effect estimates were calculated.ResultsOf a total of 3018 records initially retrieved, 25 RCTs (n = 2335) were included: 11 (n = 804) on stroke, four (n = 520) on Parkinson's disease, three (n = 110) on multiple sclerosis, two (n = 320) on epilepsy, one (n = 63) on dementia, one (n = 23) on spina bifida, one (n = 40) on migraine, one (n = 22) on cerebral palsy and one (n = 433) on brain damage. Types of telemedicine assessed were online visits (11 studies), tele‐rehabilitation (seven studies), telephone calls (three), smartphone apps (two) and online computer software (two). The evidence was quite limited except for stroke. Compared to usual care alone, telemedicine plus usual care was found to improve depressive symptoms, functional status, motor function, executive function, generic quality of life, healthcare utilization and healthy lifestyle in patients in post‐stroke follow‐up.ConclusionsWell‐designed and executed RCTs are needed to confirm our findings on stroke and to have more scientific evidence available for the other neurological diseases.
Data‐driven prediction of the probability of creep–fatigue crack initiation in 316H stainless steel
Authors: Chavoshi Saeed Zare , Tagarielli Vito L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStainless steel components in advanced gas‐cooled reactors (AGRs) are susceptible to creep–fatigue cracking at high temperatures. Quantifying the probability of creep–fatigue crack initiation requires probabilistic numerical simulations; these are complex and computationally intensive. Here, we present a data‐driven approach to develop fast probabilistic surrogate models of creep–fatigue crack initiation in 316H stainless steel. We perform a set of Monte Carlo simulations based on the R5V2/3 high temperature assessment procedure and determine the sensitivity of the probability of crack initiation to loads and operating conditions. The data are used to train different supervised machine learning models considering Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. We discuss the relative performance of such models and show that a gradient tree boosting algorithm results in surrogate models with the highest accuracy.
Investigating the potential of Andean lupin as a lignocellulosic feedstock for Europe: First genome‐wide association study on Lupinus mutabilis biomass quality
Authors: Gulisano Agata , Dechesne Annemarie , Paulo Maria‐João , Trindade Luisa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of multipurpose crops will drive the transformation of agricultural “waste” into added‐value products, helping to meet biomass demands without competing with food production or increasing environmental pressure. Lupinus mutabilis, has been proposed not only as a valid source of protein and oil for Europe but also as a possible source of lignocellulosic feedstock for the biorefinery industry. In this study, the quality of L. mutabilis lignocellulosic biomass and its genetic architecture are investigated for the first time, using a panel of 223 accessions planted across three locations in two different European cropping conditions. Biomass quality was evaluated based on the estimation of neutral detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and acid detergent lignin fractions, and on the basis of the monosaccharide composition of cell wall polysaccharides. The broad variation in yield and composition of biomass encountered in the panel confirms the potential of L. mutabilis as lignocellulosic feedstock and points out the value of this panel as a breeding tool for the improvement of biomass quality. A genome‐wide association study was conducted to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with biomass quality, both across locations and per specific location. Scanning of 16,781 SNPs across the whole genome identified 46 unique quantitative trait loci for biomass quality, 4 of which were detected as common either among traits or GWAS models. For each of the traits analyzed, between 3 and 10 SNPs were detected, explaining 2.7%–15.9% of the phenotypic variation. Underlying these loci, 28 genes were proposed as candidate genes for biomass quality. Important genes involved in cellulose and sucrose synthesis (CESA4, SPP1,WRKY33, GONST2), monolignol biosynthesis (SKIP31, WAT1, CCR‐SNL6) and pectin degradation (RAV1, PE) were identified and will require validation to confirm their value for application in L. mutabilis breeding.
A Simulation Study to Explore Inference about Global Moran's I with Random Spatial Indexes
Authors: Westerholt René 
Published: October 2022

Inference procedures for spatial autocorrelation statistics assume that the underlying configurations of spatial units are fixed. However, sometimes this assumption can be disadvantageous, for example, when analyzing social media posts or moving objects. This article examines for the case of point geometries how a change from fixed to random spatial indexes affects inferences about global Moran's I, a popular spatial autocorrelation measure. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous Matérn and Thomas cluster processes are studied and for each of these processes, 10,000 random point patterns are simulated for investigating three aspects that are key in an inferential context: the null distributions of I when the underlying geometries are varied; the effect of the latter on critical values used to reject null hypotheses; and how the presence of point processes affects the statistical power of Moran's I. The results show that point processes affect all three characteristics. Inferences about spatial structure in relevant application contexts may therefore be different from conventional inferences when this additional source of randomness is taken into account.
ABC of the future
Authors: Pesonen Henri , Simola Umberto , Köhn‐Luque Alvaro , Vuollekoski Henri , Lai Xiaoran , Frigessi Arnoldo , Kaski Samuel , Frazier David T. , Maneesoonthorn Worapree , Martin Gael M. , Corander Jukka 
Published: October 2022

SummaryApproximate Bayesian computation (ABC) has advanced in two decades from a seminal idea to a practically applicable inference tool for simulator‐based statistical models, which are becoming increasingly popular in many research domains. The computational feasibility of ABC for practical applications has been recently boosted by adopting techniques from machine learning to build surrogate models for the approximate likelihood or posterior and by the introduction of a general‐purpose software platform with several advanced features, including automated parallelisation. Here we demonstrate the strengths of the advances in ABC by going beyond the typical benchmark examples and considering real applications in astronomy, infectious disease epidemiology, personalised cancer therapy and financial prediction. We anticipate that the emerging success of ABC in producing actual added value and quantitative insights in the real world will continue to inspire a plethora of further applications across different fields of science, social science and technology.
Intensive care nurses' lived experience of altruism and sacrifices during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
Authors: Slettmyr Anna , Arman Maria , Andermo Susanne , Malmberg Chris , Hällström Åsa , Hugelius Karin , Schandl Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand the lived experience of altruism and sacrifices among Swedish nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignThis was a descriptive phenomenological study.MethodsThe study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2021 and included 20 nurses who were directly involved in the ICU care of COVID‐19 patients in Sweden during the pandemic. The text transcripts were analysed using Malterud's Systematic Text Condensation.FindingsThe analysis revealed four themes. The work situation changed from 1 day to another—the nurses were brutally confronted with a new and highly demanding situation. Adapting to the chaotic situation—despite fear, anguish and exhaustion, the nurses adapted to the new premises. They shouldered the moral responsibility and responded to the needs of the patients and the health care system since they had the competence. Being confronted with ethical and moral challenges—the nurses were overwhelmed by feelings of helplessness and inadequacy because despite how hard they worked, they were still unable to provide care with dignity and of acceptable quality. The importance of supporting each other—collegiality was fundamental to the nurses' ability to cope with the situation.ConclusionsTaken together, being exposed to a constantly changing situation, facing the anguish and misery of patients, families, and colleagues, and being confronted with a conflict between the moral obligation to provide care of high quality and the possibility to fulfil this commitment resulted in suffering among the nurses. Collegial back‐up and a supportive culture within the caring team were important for the nurses' endurance.ImpactThe study contributes an understanding of nurses' lived experience of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic and highlights the importance of protecting and preparing nurses and nursing organisation for potential future crises.
Relevance of corona virus in food industry: A literature review on risks, challenges, and potential preventive measures
Authors: Radulovic Ana , Miocinovic Jelena , Radulovic Zorica , Rajkovic Milos B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFood industry is highly affected by COVID‐19 pandemic; therefore, the preventive measures and precautions to be taken to reduce the risk of transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and incidence of infection are necessary. This review integrate and analyze the available information and data on precautions of corona virus in food industry in pursuance of informing the public and the scientific community, as well as creating collective knowledge among food industry establishment and raising awareness of preventive measures during COVID‐19 pandemic. In this study, the information and data have been reviewed about the transmitting routs of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and the preventive measures and precautions to be taken in food industry during COVID‐19 pandemic in order to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus and incidence of the infection. The restriction of spreading corona virus through food industry in procedures, such as manufacturing, processing, packing, transporting. The transmitting routs of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus are studied adequately in favor of suggesting strategies from the present scenarios. Limited number of publications has identified the risk factors for COVID‐19 and preventive measures, especially in food industry. Findings from this review may contribute to promoting research and spreading knowledge among food industry establishment and raise awareness of preventive measures in food industry during COVID‐19 pandemic.
To What Extent Do Learner‐ and Word‐Related Variables Affect Production of Derivatives?
Authors: Iwaizumi Emi , Webb Stuart 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study explores the effects of receptive derivational affix knowledge, derivative frequency, part of speech, and vocabulary breadth on production of derivatives. Twenty‐one speakers of English as a first language and 107 learners of English as a second language were asked to produce derivatives for 90 prompt words on a decontextualized derivative form‐recall test. Results indicated that (a) increased receptive derivational affix knowledge and derivative frequency were linked to greater accuracy in production of derivatives, (b) adverb derivatives were more frequently produced compared to other parts of speech, and (c) learners’ vocabulary breadth was associated with greater accuracy in producing derivatives. Results also indicated a larger facilitative effect of derivative frequency for second language learners in comparison to first language speakers, but this effect diminished as vocabulary breadth increased. These findings suggest that learners may initially acquire derivatives on a case‐by‐case basis but, as their knowledge of derivational affixes and vocabulary breadth increases, they may acquire derivatives more systematically.
A history of variceal bleeding is associated with further bleeding under atezolizumab–bevacizumab in patients with HCC
Authors: Larrey Edouard , Campion Bertille , Evain Manon , Sultanik Philippe , Blaise Lorraine , Giudicelli Héloïse , Wagner Mathilde , Cluzel Philippe , Rudler Marika , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Thabut Dominique , Allaire Manon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtezolizumab–bevacizumab is the new standard for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its impact on portal hypertension (PHT) is unknown. We aimed to identify predictive factors of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) and to monitor PHT parameters under treatment.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study including all cirrhotic patients treated with atezolizumab–bevacizumab since 2020. We performed monitoring of PHT using upper endoscopy at inclusion and at 6 months and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) at inclusion, 3 and 6 months after the beginning of treatment. We also included a retrospective series of patients treated with sorafenib. Time‐to‐events data were estimated by Kaplan–Meier with the log‐rank test, along with Cox models.ResultsForty‐three patients treated with atezolizumab–bevacizumab were included (male 79.1%, Child‐Pugh A 86%). At baseline, 48.8% were treated with curative anticoagulation, 16.3% already experienced AVB and 25.6% had large oesophageal varices (EV). Sorafenib group characteristics were similar. Vascular invasion was present in 60.5% and median was HVPG 8.5 mm Hg. No significant modification in HVPG and EV size was observed at 6 months in the whole cohort but also when considering vascular invasion and radiological response. 14% presented AVB within a median time of occurrence of 3 months, without bleeding‐related death. In multivariate analysis, history of AVB (HR = 10.58, p = .03) was associated with AVB. AVB incidence was higher in atezolizumab–bevacizumab compared to sorafenib group (21% vs. 5% at 1 year, p = .02).ConclusionsAtezolizumab–bevacizumab treatment was associated with a higher risk of AVB compared to sorafenib. A history of AVB was associated with AVB during follow‐up, which questions the use of bevacizumab in this setting.