bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard Operating Procedure for Assessment and Rating of National Highways based on Highway Efficiency
Authors: Singh Agrita , Sharma Sunil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The transportation network and ways in which it is maintained are critical to the development of a nation. National Highways (NHs) constitute only 2.3 per cent of total road network but carry 40 per cent of road traffic in India. National Highway authority of India (NHAI) and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) of India have framed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for assessment and rating of divided 4 to 6-lane NHs based on highway efficiency, highway safety, and user services for a total of 100 marks. The present study has assessed and rated a 4-lane NH based on highway efficiency carrying 45 marks. A manual survey along with videography was conducted on the Kalka-Shimla NH No. 5 to collect road features and traffic data. There are 15 parameters which will give the overall efficiency of the highway enabling one to assess where and how much each parameter is inefficient, dangerous, and deficient in certain functions. The highway got 35.92 marks out of 45 marks which is approximately 80% score indicating excellent performance of various parameters on the selected highway. The efficiency assessment of highways will not only help in prioritizing highways for maintenance and upgradation but also identify accurately the missing points.
Strength Behaviour of Expansive Subgrade Soil Stabilized with Coronus Material
Authors: Pisini Sateesh Kumar , Thammadi Swetha Priya Darshini 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Expansive subgrade soil needs to be re-engineered to enhance the load-bearing capacity as it lacks the capacity to sustain traffic and pavement load. Although various chemical modification techniques have proven to be effective for stabilization, they are expensive and unsustainable. Coronus aggregate material is an uplifted coralline deposit abundantly available in the Pacific. The current study focuses on the strength behavior of fine-grained soil notably clayey soil when blended with coronus material as a potential alternative to the usual soil stabilization methods employed in the construction industry. To successfully stabilize the clayey soil sample with the coronus material, the particle size distribution, coefficient of uniformity, and curvature of the clayey soil sample and coronus material were determined. The results indicate that the coronus material is well-graded. The consistency of the soil sample was determined using the four-point Casagrande method for Atterberg limits i.e, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of the clayey soil. The load-bearing capacity of the clayey soil stabilized with coronus material was determined using standard compaction tests to calculate the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of clay before and after blending with 10% increments of coronus material. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test results of all the samples were determined using standard CBR laboratory tests. It has been observed that the addition of coronus material has improved the load-bearing capacity of clayey soil. Hence, it is recommended that, wherever possible, coronus material be utilized as a stabilizing agent to improve the geotechnical properties of expansive subgrade soil.
A Study of Cost Comparison of Flexible Pavement Using Different Soils
Authors: Bhupathi Sridhar , Kuchu Jayasree , Sastri M V S S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
India is home to the world’s second-largest road network. It has a diverse range of soil types, each with its own set of conditions and characteristics, on which the road network is built. IRC: 37-2018 was used for the Design and Cost Analysis of Flexible Pavement for five distinct types of soils: Black cotton soil, Alluvial soil, Sandy soil, Red Laterite soil, and Murram soil. The Resilient modulus which depends on CBR value of the soil has been found to influence the pavement thickness, strength and performance. The project’s cost is determined by the pavement thickness, which again is determined by the soil’s CBR value. By employing a soil with a high CBR value, the project’s pavement thickness and cost will be decreased. On poor or problematic soils, soil stabilisation techniques should be employed to improve CBR value and save project expenses. According to the findings, employing the CBR value improves the pavement’s strength and hence saves time when planning a pavement.
Traffic Count Analysis during COVID-19: Case Study of Toll Plazas under Project Highway along Nagpur-Jabalpur National Highway (NH44) near Nagpur, India
Authors: Kawathekar (Thakare) Kalpana N , Bakde V K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Corona virus is originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread throughout the world since December 2019. Despite being close to China, India took two months to detect its first case. In months’ time it reached major countries of the world. Since then, the social life of the people has been disrupted because of the lockdown situations. Senior members were shocked to see such a situation for the first time in their lives, as all activities have been affected by the restrictions on both domestic and international travel and transport.
This case study is an attempt to analyze the vehicle traffic counts at four toll plazas namely Khumari, KKBP, NBP and Borkhedi Toll Plaza located along Nagpur-Jabalpur National Highway (NH44) near Nagpur city from Maharashtra state of India during Session 2020 (during January to December) as an effect of COVID -19 under lockdown and unlocking situations. Tolls at Nagpur have been selected for being the national geographic centre with a hub of all activities. The study critically analyses the vehicle traffic count along with the comparative study of four toll plazas thereby making the analytical remarks with conclusions.
Application of circular economy in wastewater treatment using biochar based adsorbent derived from sewage sludge
Authors: Kenchannavar Pooja , Surenjan Anupama 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Circular Economy intends to reuse wastewater and recover resources and energy from the sludge in the wastewater sector. The conversion of sewage sludge into biochar by pyrolysis technique is a sustainable, environmentally friendly option for sewage sludge management. In the current work, biochar was produced by co-pyrolyzing sewage sludge and coconut shell, and it was then utilized as an adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (the model pollutant) from wastewater. The sewage sludge is abundant in functional groups and metal ions, and the addition of coconut shells increased the porosity of the adsorbent. The biochar produced by mixing coconut shell and sewage sludge in the ratio1:1 showed higher adsorption capacity compared to biochar obtained from pure sewage sludge; hence the co-pyrolyzed biochar was used for further studies. The morphology and functional groups present on biochar were examined using SEM and FTIR analysis. The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption was adequately explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Using the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximal adsorption capacity of the methylene blue dye on biochar was observed to be 31.64 mg/g.
Analysis of Blended Concrete Cubes under Impact loading using ANSYS
Authors: Singh Janhavi , Pal Shilpa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Blended concretes, with the partial replacement of the cement with secondary cementitious material like fly ash, rice husk ash, GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Slag), silica fume etc. are gaining a wide range of applications in civil engineering nowadays. The behaviour of concrete structures has been studied by many researchers under different types of loads like impact load, wind load, earthquake load etc. Impact loading analysis has applications like ship impact resistance design for marine structures, impact-resistant structural design against military and terrorist attacks etc. This study aims to perform a FEM analysis of blended concrete cubes under impact load. Deformation and stress response has been obtained from the velocity impact simulations in ANSYS Explicit dynamics module. Parametric analysis has been done by changing the height of the impactor, shape of the impactor, boundary conditions and partial replacement of cement in the blended concrete with different supplementary cementitious material. It is observed that the strength of the blended concrete cube decreases with an increase in height of the impact.
Compressive Strength of Waste PET Bottle Based Fibre
Authors: Somwanshi Devendra Kumar , Sharma Vijay Prakash , Sharma Sikha , Jain Kalpit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles have progressively turned into a crucial and fundamental piece of an everyday person’s life. Thus the need emerges to course these waste plastic containers to their ideal use. To add to it, incorporation of waste PET bottles in concrete composites is a promising technique for developing sustainable composite materials which may be applied to the construction industry. Hence concrete with waste PET bottles proves not only as an effective plastic waste management technique, but also an approach towards economic, environment friendly and sustainable development of building materials in the future. In the research work, an experimental study has been carried out to analyze the possibility of using waste PET bottle fibres with 3 different aspect ratios of 10, 20, and 30, in concrete at different replacement dosages of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of sand by weight, and compared against control mix with no replacements of sand.
Tainted Wastewater Remediation through Inverted Multimedia Biofilter
Authors: Kharwade Amit M , Yadav Shalini , Patil Ranjit , Sharma Sunil K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The growth of industry leads to the contamination of surface as well as groundwater. Improper industrial wastewater disposal causes a serious problem of metal accumulation in the soil and freshwater. To tackle this issue there is a need of recycling and reuse wastewater using low-cost sustainable treatment. The main objective of this research is to check the feasibility of multimedia vermifilter for the efficiency removal of physicochemical parameter and fluoride metal ions of fluoride-tented used water (wastewater). For the treatment, we used fluoride contaminated used water (wastewater) from the fluoride contaminated site. In this study multimedia vermifilter integrated with moringa seed extract, activated charcoal powder, and earthworm Eisenia fetida were used as bio-media to treat contaminated used wastewater, In this experimental analysis, we checked the removal efficiency on different HLR in m3/day/m2. The result showed that percentage removal efficiency for BOD, COD, TDS and Fluoride using inverted multimedia filter was observed for the optimized hydraulic loading rate at 0.933m3/day/m2 was found to be BOD (81.64%), COD (51.47%), TDS (82.17%), Fluoride (35.81%) respectively. The earthworm, moringa seed extract, and activated charcoal play a vital role in the removal of Bioconversion of organic matter. Furthermore Treated effluent waste-water is then used for gardening and irrigation purposes.
Corrosion Analysis of RCC Beam using Simplified FEM Model
Authors: Bhagwat Yamuna , Nayak Gopinatha , Pandit Poornachandra , Harithakrishnan  , Lakshmi Aishwarya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The durability of the reinforced concrete structures highly influenced by many important factors including steel corrosion. Corrosion starts off with the availability of the water and oxygen, products formed due to this get deposited in the interface between the concrete and steel. As the depositing corrosion volume increases, an expansive pressure at the interface exerts on the surrounding concrete and eventually causes structural degradation, which reduces concrete and steel bond. This work focuses on a parametric study on rust expansion pressure to understand the effect of grade of concrete, diameter of the rebar, position of the rebar and c/d ratio using ABAQUS software. After the analysis, it is found that rust expansion pressure increases as the grade of concrete and c/d ratio increases, which means the pressure required to cause surface cracks due to corrosion is more in higher grades concrete and high c/d ratio. Position of the bar did not affect the corrosion pressure requirement to cause surface cracks. As the corrosion level increased, deflection of the beam also increased. But position of the corroded reinforcing bars in the beam slightly affects the deflection of the beam.
Nanotechnology and building construction: Towards effective stakeholder engagement
Authors: Thammadi Swetha Priya Darshini , Pisini Sateesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Innovative construction materials and techniques are imminent to survive the climate change associated extreme weather impacts. Nanotechnology in construction sector improves the comfortability and quality of life by enhancing the mechanical properties of cement and concrete, stronger and lighter structural composites, low maintenance coating, reducing the thermal transfer rate and/or insulation, and construction-related nano-sensors. Various types of nanoparticles used in construction sector are Nano-titania, Carbon nanotubes, Nano-silica, Copper and Clay nanoparticles, Zycosoil, and nanostructured metals such as Nano-ferric oxide, and Nano-aluminium oxide. Advantages of nanomaterials application in building construction are displayed in materials such as concrete, steel, timber, glass, insulations, coatings, energy and nanosensors. The objective of this study is to analyze the nanomaterials application in construction industry besides environmental, health and social impacts. The novelty of this study includes stakeholder engagement matrix for nanomaterials in construction sector. Although nanotechnology is in its infancy, there is a need to develop a framework for nanotechnology regulation especially in construction sector due to its impact on climate change and vice versa due to the significant contribution of construction sector to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a nanotechnology regulation framework has been proposed for identification and effective stakeholder engagement. Implications of nanotechnology on construction materials, narrowing the nano-divide, scope for sustainable development and concepts of implementation have been discussed in detail.
Energy Efficient Buildings in India: Key Area and Challenges
Authors: Tarkar Preeti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A common dilemma for developing countries is to balance economic growth and environmental protection. Since the major issue in designing the building is energy conservation. The costing of building project is another issue in applying the principle of energy. A building uses a huge amount of energy during its lifetime. It is greater than the energy consumed in construction. There are numerous causes why building will use more energy during its life. Taking into account the building materials used in the built environment as well as the overall energy use should be taken into account when looking for ways to minimize energy consumption. In light of climate change, by 2030, India has to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions to 35%. Thus, the aim of this research is to is to find out the measures that can reduce the energy consumption of building not only at the time of construction but also lifetime. The study suggests various energy efficient measures for construction of building and for further functioning. In this paper the concept of green building was discussed to make a building energy efficient. Green building focuses on the reduction of carbon emissions and conservation of energy using a progressive difference-in-differences method. The study suggests the various energy saving concepts. Further, there are many green building rating systems to rate the building on various dimension to measure whether a building is environmental-friendly or not. In the end of the paper various issues involved in energy efficient building’s construction are discussed.
Manufacturing of Brick from Medical Waste (MW)
Authors: Das Debasish , Banerjee Debargha , Paul Swarup Rudra , Pal Shaswatika , Das Jagriti , Chandra Archanava , Singh Princu Kumar , Adhikari Sujoy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The environmental concern of Medical Waste (MW) generation has escalated to an alarming level due to the versatility and high demand in various applications due to COVID 19. Reusing MW to make construction material looks to be an environmentally acceptable solution to finding an effective way to use them. This is also because traditional building materials take a lot of energy to manufacture, which has numerous negative environmental consequences. This paper summarises prior investigations on repurposing various MW as a construction raw material and aggregate, as well as their quality, with a focus on bricks and paving blocks. This research begins by demonstrating the characteristics of plastics and the environmental effects of MW. After that, there will be a talk of MW reuse and how it influences total construction material quality. According to this study, only a few investigations on the use of MW in the production of paving blocks have been conducted. Furthermore, the majority of studies used compressive strength and water absorption as the principal criteria for evaluating brick and paving block quality. The compressive strength is found to be 12-13 N/mm2 and water absorption is found to be less than 1% for the prepared sample.
Relationship of shading devices and its effects on daylight in Commercial buildings in Pune
Authors: Joshi Neha , Patki Pradnya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Day lighting is a critical part of visual environment in workspaces. It creates a sense of well-being and contributes to the efficiency of the occupants. Research has established that solar radiation admitted through the windows have serious effects on visual comfort of the occupants in the indoor spaces. Use of solar shading devices can address glare problems. This signifies the need for design of optimal shading devices that increase daylight levels with desirable control on excessive sunlight with an aim to reduce glare and discomfort for the occupants. In this research various configurations of conventional shading devices used for commercial buildings located in Pune, India was examined. A typical commercial building is modelled using the simulation program Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) where existing as well as different identified configuration of shading devices was analysed for daylight performance and visual comfort with respect to amount and uniformity of illumination with Radiance rendering tool. The analysis indicated that use of appropriate shading device result in improved visual comfort for occupants. The performance of different shading device presented aimed to help architects to select suitable shading device in order to contribute to sustainability aspects of office buildings in warm and humid climatic regions.
Response Spectrum Analysis of a RC Building Based on Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) Method
Authors: Banerjee Debargha , Das Debasish , Ghosh Uddipta , Debnath Dina , Debnath Santanu , Malakar Snehasish , Das Ratnadwipa , Datta Sanjoy , Hossain Syed Ealham 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the realm of structural design, Seismic Analysis is crucial. Many structures have collapsed because of earthquakes; as a result of numerous studies, different methods for analysing and determining vibration modes of a structure have been created. Seismic analysis can be done in two ways: static analysis and dynamic analysis. The basic mode of vibration dominates the response in the static technique of seismic analysis, and the mass and stiffness of the structures are evenly distributed, resulting in a regular shape, however this assumption fails for irregular buildings. As a result, dynamic methods are used to solve this issue. Response spectrum is one such dynamic method that is relatively simple to utilize compared to others. The benefit of employing the seismic response spectrum method is that it aids in the prediction of displacement and member forces in structural systems. As a result, this method aids in determining peak structural responses within a linear range, which can then be used to calculate lateral forces created in structures due to earthquakes, allowing for more earthquake-resistant building design. Although this method is approximate, it is a cost-effective and beneficial method for preliminary design research. The response spectrum method is used on STAAD.PRO V8i software to design a G+4 residential structure in our study. The building’s measurements are 16 meters long, 12 meters wide and 15 meters tall. The foundation was built to a depth of 1.5 meters. The structure was built to withstand earthquakes in seismic zone III on medium-density soil. Dead load (IS 875 Part I), Live load (IS 875 Part II), Seismic Load (IS 1893 Part I), and Wind Load are some of the load instances that were presented based on Indian Standard code (IS 875 Part III). To acquire the best response, the response spectrum modal combination Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) is used. Various parameters like wind intensity, seismic parameters, dynamic weight, modal participation factors, base shear and peak storey shear are calculated. Base shear and peak storey shear are found to maximum in Mode 2 and between 5th and 6th respectively.
Methodology for assessing of the restoration processes in reclaimed areas disturbed by polymetallic ore mining
Authors: Stefanova V , Petrov P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study develops a methodology for assessing the restoration processes in recultivated lands, disturbed by polymetallic ore mining. The methodology classifies the recultivated lands into four classes based on the recovery coefficient and the threat coefficient introduced through it. The coefficients are calculated for three groups of indicators - soils (formation of soil profile, mechanical composition, soil fertility), microflora (qualitative and quantitative composition), lack of threats (total pollution with heavy metals and metalloids, salinization, and acidification) relative to the studied site and a pre-selected reference site with similar characteristics.
Experimental investigation on simultaneous machining of EDM and ECM with different electrode materials
Authors: Meng Jianbing , Guan Qingyi , Wang Shuaike , Dong Xiaojuan , Li Li , Yu Haoyang , Zhao Guoyong , Zhao Yugang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the machining efficiency and the surface quality of EDM/ECM, adding a small amount of sodium nitrate into deionized water as the working medium, a novel simultaneous machining approach of EDM and ECM (SEDCM) was developed. In this work, a comparative study was conducted on the SEDCM performance of TC4 alloy using different electrode materials viz. brass, copper and copper-tungsten alloy. In addition, the effects of process parameters, such as peak current, pulse on time and gap voltage on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), surface roughness (Ra), and surface micromorphology were investigated. The results show that brass electrode provides the smallest MRR, the highest TWR and the worst surface quality. The copper electrode has the smallest average diameter of a single discharge craters and the best surface finish. The MRR and TWR of copper-tungsten electrode are similar to those of copper electrode. As peak current increases, TWR increases and Ra deteriorates for all the electrodes, as well MRR increases and then decreases for copper and copper-tungsten electrodes. Increase in pulse on time and gap voltage, MRR and TWR increases and then decreases gradually. At higher pulse on time and gap voltage, Ra becomes greater for three type electrodes.