bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising spinal cerebrospinal fluid flow in the pig with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bessen Madeleine Amy , Gayen Christine Diana , Quarrington Ryan David , Walls Angela Catherine , Leonard Anna Victoria , Kurtcuoglu Vartan , Jones Claire Frances 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Detecting changes in pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow may assist clinical management decisions, but spinal CSF flow is relatively understudied. Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) often cause spinal cord swelling and subarachnoid space (SAS) obstruction, potentially causing pulsatile CSF flow changes. Pigs are emerging as a favoured large animal SCI model; therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise CSF flow along the healthy pig spine.
Methods
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance images (PC-MRI), retrospectively cardiac gated, were acquired for fourteen laterally recumbent, anaesthetised and ventilated, female domestic pigs (22–29 kg). Axial images were obtained at C2/C3, T8/T9, T11/T12 and L1/L2. Dorsal and ventral SAS regions of interest (ROI) were manually segmented. CSF flow and velocity were determined throughout a cardiac cycle. Linear mixed-effects models, with post hoc comparisons, were used to identify differences in peak systolic/diastolic flow, and maximum velocity (cranial/caudal), across spinal levels and dorsal/ventral SAS. Velocity wave speed from C2/L3 to L1/L2 was calculated.
Results
PC-MRI data were obtained for 11/14 animals. Pulsatile CSF flow was observed at all spinal levels. Peak systolic flow was greater at C2/C3 (dorsal: -0.37 ± 0.17 mL/s, ventral: -0.19 ± 0.17 mL/s) than T8/T9 (dorsal: -0.04 ± 0.03 mL/s, ventral: -0.09 ± 0.09 mL/s) in both SAS regions (p < 0.001), and not different between thoracolumbar levels (p > 0.05). Peak diastolic flow was greater at C2/C3 (0.179 ± 0.06 mL/s) compared to T8/T9 (0.04 ± 0.02 mL/s) dorsally (p < 0.001), but not different ventrally (p = 1.000). Caudal maximum velocity at C2/C3 was greater than at thoracolumbar levels dorsally and ventrally (p < 0.001), but not different ventrally for cranial maximum velocity (p > 0.05). Diastolic velocity wave speed was 1.41 ± 0.39 m/s dorsally and 1.22 ± 0.21 m/s ventrally, and systolic velocity wave speed was 1.02 ± 0.25 m/s dorsally and 0.91 ± 0.22 m/s ventrally.
Conclusions
In anaesthetised and ventilated domestic pigs, spinal CSF has lower pulsatile flow and slower velocity wave propagation, compared to humans. This study provides baseline CSF flow at spinal levels relevant for future SCI research in this animal model.
TGFβ-induced long non-coding RNA LINC00313 activates Wnt signalling and promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression
Authors: Papoutsoglou Panagiotis , Louis Corentin , Pineau Raphaël , L’Haridon Anaïs , Banales Jesus M. , Gilot David , Aubry Marc , Coulouarn Cédric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating liver cancer characterized by high aggressiveness and resistance to therapy, which results to poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and signals imposed by oncogenic pathways, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) frequently contribute to CCA development. Here, we explored novel effectors of TGFβ signalling in CCA.Methods: We performed gene expression profiling to identify TGFβ-regulated genes in CCA cell lines. RNA-sequencing and ATAC-sequencing after LINC00313 gain-of-function were used to identify transcriptional targets of LINC00313, in vitro. We evaluated the impact of LINC00313 on TCF/LEF signalling by luciferase assays. Mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate the effects of LINC00313 on CCA progression, in vivo. Integrative analysis revealed the clinical relevance of LINC00313 in CCA. We identified LINC00313-interacting proteins by RNA-pull down, followed by mass spectrometry.Results: LINC00313 was identified as a novel target of TGFβ signalling in CCA cells. TGFβ induced LINC00313 expression in a TβRI/Smad-dependent manner. LINC00313 regulated genes involved in Wnt signalling. LINC00313 gain-of-function increased TCF7 expression. Of note, LINC00313 enhanced TCF/LEF-dependent transcriptional responses, promoted colony-forming capacities of CCA cells in vitro and accelerated tumour growth in vivo. Genes associated with LINC00313 over-expression in CCA tumours were characterized by KRAS and TP53 mutations and reduced patient’s overall survival. Mechanistically, actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, interacted with LINC00313 and impacted on TCF7 and SULF2 transcription and TCF/LEF signalling output.Conclusions: We propose a model whereby TGFβ induces LINC00313 in order to regulate expression of a subset of target genes, possibly in co-operation with SWI/SNF. By regulating key genes of the Wnt pathway, LINC00313 fine-tunes Wnt/TCF/LEF-dependent transcriptional responses and boosts cholangiocarcinogenesis.
Primary health care coverage in Brazil: a dataset from 1998 to 2020
Authors: Boccolini Patricia de Moraes Mello , Alves Ronaldo Fernandes Santos , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , Baroni Lais Ribeiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Primary health care builds the backbone of an effective healthcare system and can improve population health, reduce cost growth, and lessen inequality. We offer a machine-readable and open-access dataset on primary health care coverage in Brazil from 1998 to 2020. This dataset is interoperable with epidemiological data from two major studies and reusable by the research community worldwide for other purposes, such as monitoring progress toward universal health coverage and studying the association between primary health care and health outcomes.Data description: The dataset gathers official and public information from the “e-Gestor AB” platform of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and restricted data obtained by the Brazilian Access to Information Law. It includes 1,509,870 observations and 35 attributes aggregated by months/years and policy-relevant geographic units (country, macroregions, states, municipalities, and capitals) on primary health care team count and their absolute and relative population coverage estimates, information on the More Doctors Program implementation and physician counts, and spatial, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. We automated all data processing and curation in the free and open software R. The codes can be audited, replicated, and reused to produce alternative analyses.
Prognostic Estimation Model for Oligodendroglioma: An mRNA-Sequence Data-Based Analysis
Authors: Zhu Qinghui , Shen Shaoping , Yang Chuanwei , Li Mingxiao , Zhang Xiaokang , Li Haoyi , Zhao Xuzhe , Li Ming , Yong Cui , Ren Xiaohui , Lin Song 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Object: In contrast with the previous diagnostic strategy, which relied only on histopathologic evidence, the integrated diagnosis of oligodendroglioma based on the 5th edition of World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 5) criteria requires the codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q and isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH1 or IDH2) mutation (mt). The existing prognostic indicators may not be completely suitable for oligodendroglioma patients based on the new diagnostic criteria. We aimed to identify a prognostic prediction model for oligodendrogliomas based on the WHO CNS5 classification.Methods: We collected 175 glioma samples to investigate significant changes in mRNAs using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and to establish a prediction model for prognosis by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox logistic analysis.Results: Eighty-eight differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) were identified between the long survival group and the short survival group. Seven RNAs were selected to calculate risk scores. Risk level, age and Primary-or-Recurrent Status (PRS) type were used as factors for the prognostic model.Conclusion: An individualized prognostic model for oligodendroglioma patients based on the WHO CNS5 criteria was established. The predictive ability of this model was validated in a validation cohort, which demonstrated its predictive accuracy. In the future, more pathological evidence is needed to support our predictive model to further classify oligodendrogliomas.
Comparing Treatment Delays and Pathways to Early Intervention Services for Psychosis in Urban Settings in India and Canada
Authors: MacDonald Kathleen , Mohan Greeshma , Pawliuk Nicole , Joober Ridha , Padmavati Ramachandran , Rangaswamy Thara , Malla Ashok , Iyer Srividya N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
IntroductionAlthough extensively studied in high-income countries (HICs) and less so in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pathways to care and treatment delays in early psychosis have not been compared across contexts. We compared pathways to early intervention for psychosis in an HIC (Montreal, Canada) and an LMIC (Chennai, India). We hypothesised that the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) would be longer in Chennai.MethodsThe number of contacts preceding early intervention, referral sources, first contacts, and DUP and its referral and help-seeking components of first-episode psychosis patients at both sites were similarly measured and compared using chi-square analyses and t-tests/one-way ANOVAs.ResultsOverall and help-seeking DUPs of Chennai (N = 168) and Montreal (N = 165) participants were not significantly different. However, Chennai patients had shorter referral DUPs [mean = 12.0 ± 34.1 weeks vs. Montreal mean = 13.2 ± 28.7 weeks; t(302.57) = 4.40; p < .001] as the early intervention service was the first contact for 44% of them (vs. 5% in Montreal). Faith healers comprised 25% of first contacts in Chennai. Those seeing faith healers had significantly shorter help-seeking but longer referral DUPs. As predicted, most (93%) Montreal referrals came from medical sources. Those seeing psychologists/counsellors/social workers as their first contact had longer DUPs.ConclusionDifferences in cultural views about mental illnesses and organizational structures shape pathways to care and their associations with treatment delays across contexts. Both formal and informal sources need to be targeted to reduce delays. Early intervention services being the first portal where help is sought can reduce DUP especially if accessed early on in the illness course.
Polystyrene Microplastic Beads Caused Cellular Alterations in midgut cells and Sex-Specific Toxic Effects on Survival, Starvation Resistance, and Excretion of the Model Insect Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kholy Samar El , Naggar Yahya Al 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the toxicity of microplastics in aquatic creatures has been extensively studied, there have been far fewer studies in terrestrial organisms. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to understand whether exposure to different concentrations (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 µg/ml) of polystyrene microplastics beads PS-MPs (2 µm in size) can impact feeding activity and modulate digestion and excretion, using the fruit fly D. melanogaster as a model of terrestrial organisms. The ability of adult male and female flies to distinguish between food treated with PS-MPs and food not treated with PS-MPs was tested first, and then we evaluated the effects of a 7-day short-term exposure to PS-MPs on food intake, mortality, starvation resistance, fecal pellet count, and the cellular structure of mid gut cells. The results revealed that flies can really differentiate and ignore MPs-treated food. We discovered sex-specific effects, with male flies being more sensitive to PS-MPs, with all males dying after 14 days when exposed to 0.5 µg/ml of PS-MPs, whereas 20% of female flies survived to day 20. Furthermore, regardless of concentration, nearly all male flies exposed to PS-MPs died after 24 hours of starvation. Only female flies fed media containing 0.05 or 0.5 µg/ml PS-MPs had significantly fewer fecal pellets. PS-MPs also showed concentration-dependent effects on the cellular structure of midgut cells in both male and female flies, that are indicative of cell necrosis and apoptosis. Our findings provide new insights into MP toxicity and will be useful in assessing the environmental risks associated with MPs as newly emerging pollutants.
Analysis of the effects of lead-time variation on a multi-site supply chain network
Authors: Sakhri Mohamed Salim Amri , Tlili Mounira , Korbaa Ouajdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a supply chain, inventory is the single largest source of costs for a company. This is due to the various physical and informational activities that accompany inventory management, primarily the holding and transportation of inventory. Companies are looking to streamline these activities and minimize the associated costs. One of the most coveted models for jointly solving these two problems is the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), which will be the focus of this study. This paper deals with the case of a deterministic replenishment demand in a distribution network consisting of a supplier and a number of customers to be served by a single vehicle over a finite planning horizon. We study the impact of increasing supplier delivery times on the network costs. A mathematical model is developed and solved by an exact method. The results obtained will be analyzed and solutions will be suggested.
The politics of groundwater allocation and the transition from open access
Authors: Blomquist William , Babbitt Christina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Groundwater allocation is a key institutional instrument for restoring sustainability in overdrawn aquifers, especially those that have been used on an open-access basis in the past. Many suggestions for improving groundwater management - pumping reductions, fees on overuse, transferability of pumping rights or shares - are based on the establishment of groundwater allocations. Therefore, how groundwater allocations can be created and maintained is a critical foundational issue in sustainable water resource management. In this chapter, we review the institutional and policy issues associated with establishing groundwater allocations: how they differ from and relate to allocations of surface water; the various values to be taken into account when developing allocations; and why the allocation of groundwater is an inescapably political process. We also review examples of groundwater allocation efforts and identify some patterns among those examples. Combining the review and the examples, we present and explain a set of considerations regarding the process of establishing groundwater allocations. Our considerations are intended to be useful to practitioners as well as researchers interested in this subject, and therefore potentially beneficial in practical ways in the advancement of water sustainability.
Allocations and environmental flows
Authors: Stein Eric D. , McClain Michael E. , Sengupta Ashmita , Grantham Theodore E. , Zimmerman Julie K. H. , Yarnell Sarah M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the past 30 years, much has been learned from strategies used around the world to establish and implement environmental flow programs. Approaches vary from highly prescriptive regulatory requirements to largely voluntary programs. These examples have shown that allocating water to the environment does not necessarily constrain human uses and can have benefits for both agriculture and ecosystems. Some efforts attempt to reduce conflict between agriculture and the environment by limiting water allocations spatially, while others attempt to reconcile competing water demands through comprehensive, regional allocation schemes that vary with climate conditions over time. Here we summarize strategies for water allocation planning and implementation that can be used to balance environmental and agricultural water needs. Effective strategies incorporate: a holistic environmental water allocation approach that focuses on protecting overall ecological structure and functions; environmental flow protections at broad spatial and temporal scales; consideration of surface-ground water interactions and the relationships between flow, sediment, temperature, and water quality. From an implementation perspective, approaches that establish a volumetric water budget for the environment based on interannual variation in water availability, integrate across programs in a transparent manner, are broadly inclusive, and incorporate traditional values and perspectives have the highest likelihood of success. Environmental flow strategies that consider technical solutions, establish clear objectives and anticipate how environmental water will be allocated under different water year types, and are sensitive to social issues and concerns will increase certainty in how much water is allocated for agriculture and the environment. Beyond reconciling conflicts between competing demands, emerging technical and institutional approaches to environmental flows can improve resiliency of water management programs to climate change by preventing the over-exploitation of water supplies, enhancing flexibility, and providing a framework for adaptation.
England and Wales: countering ‘unsustainable abstraction’ with the catchment based approach
Authors: Benson David , Cook Hadrian , Ak M. Yasir , Demirbilek Burcin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
England and Wales have a long-established abstraction licensing regime for determining water allocations amongst economic sectors, particularly agriculture. This regime is implemented by the Environment Agency (EA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW), primarily through Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies (CAMS) and attendant Abstraction Licensing Strategies (ALS), to support policy requirements for environmental sustainability. Over time, water licensing has been increasingly linked to water availability in catchments while licence trading now provides greater flexibility in allocations. Ongoing reforms will further seek to integrate resource sustainability and the catchment based approach (CaBA) to management into this evolving regime. Yet a critical question concerns whether such policy commitments to countering ‘unsustainable abstraction’ have been achieved, particularly by the agricultural sector. Here, we define sustainability in terms of the environmental, social and economic outcomes of governance.
Water allocation in Spain. Legal framework, instruments and emerging debates
Authors: Sanchis-Ibor Carles , Pulido-Velazquez Manuel , Valero de Palma Juan , García-Mollá Marta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spain has a tradition of water management and allocation based on a dual model of water rights, where surface water is public, but groundwater has historically been considered a private resource. The Water Law (1985) created a new concessional system for the assignment of water rights to users of both resources, controlled by the State, but preserving the historical rights. Water allocation, in practice, is determined by the resources and demands that are estimated in the water planning documents. Therefore, water allocation is granted by River Basin Authorities and depends on water availability, social and environmental priorities, and the system operating rules. It is an institutional model of water allocation, under State control, but partially open to participation and negotiation with users. The main weakness of the Spanish water allocation model derives from the application, during the 20th century, of an excessively generous policy of water rights allocation and the lack of control of water uses. This policy has led to the overallocation of water rights and groundwater overexploitation in some basins, generating structural deficits, dramatic environmental impacts and significant social and territorial tensions. This context, which hinders the implementation of environmental flows, has required the design of different programmes and plans to control water uses, and the introduction of new legal instruments to stimulate water rights temporal exchanges.
Managing a common resource in agriculture: an overview of the French nested water allocation system
Authors: Rouillard Josselin , Rinaudo Jean-Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water resources in France are the focus of much social and political attention with recurring conflicts between agriculture and environmental organisations. The last 30 years have seen a major transition from open to regulated access to water resources, which has required a deep transformation of the regulatory framework, the development of new planning procedures at different nested levels, the establishment of new organisations, the development of hydrological, hydrogeological and environmental knowledge and significant social change. Nowadays, the French allocation regime has distinct characteristics, giving priority in allocation to the environment and relying on permits that can be modified or cancelled by the State without compensation. A move towards co-management has nevertheless occurred where authorities, users and stakeholders jointly define allocation rules. Co-management is deployed at different nested levels, from river basin district to catchment level and agricultural user communities. In particular, the establishment of agricultural users' organisations (OUGCs) is an innovative attempt to organise reallocation without relying on market mechanisms. The French model still faces major challenges in the future, due to imperfect allocation institutions and increased scarcity and droughts driven by climate change which will further question allocations between water uses and the environment.
Legal frameworks for agricultural water use in Canada: a comparative study of Alberta and Québec
Authors: Tremblay Hugo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Canada encompasses vastly different hydrological conditions, agricultural practices, and legal regimes for water rights. In Alberta, extensive agricultural irrigation has developed since the late 1800s in water-supply constrained conditions based on a prior-appropriation regime for water rights. In comparison, the legal framework for agricultural water rights in the relatively water-abundant province of Quebec has more recently evolved into regulated riparianism where most of the crops are still rain-fed. This chapter compares these two provinces to highlight how sub-national jurisdictions on water rights and differences in legal traditions can address diversity in agricultural practice and hydrological regimes.