bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA GLOBALIZZAZIONE DELLA DEMOCRAZIA: TRANSIZIONI E CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO AGLI ALBORI DEL XXI SECOLO
Authors: Grassi Davide 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneUno degli aspetti più influenti del discusso processo della globalizzazione, con le sue molteplici ripercussioni economiche, sociali e politiche, è rappresentato dalla propagazione su scala mondiale della democrazia. Sappiamo che la democrazia è oggi il sistema politico più diffuso e che gran parte dell'umanità vive oramai in regimi eletti democraticamente, con ripercussioni ampiamente positive: a livello nazionale i regimi democratici garantiscono, rispetto ai loro predecessori autoritari, una migliore protezione dei principali diritti civili e politici, pur se questa rimane in alcuni casi insoddisfacente. A livello internazionale il prevalere della democrazia garantisce, tra le altre cose, scenari meno conflittuali, riducendo lechancesdi ostilità o vere e proprie guerre tra Stati (Bonanate 2000, 204-210 per una discussione). Il successo democratico in aree geopolitiche molto diverse, tuttavia, ne rende particolarmente complessa l'analisi: decine di paesi sono impegnati, con alterne fortune, nelle fasi della transizione alla democrazia o in quelle successive del rafforzamento del nuovo regime. E inevitabile, in casi del genere, valutare con maggiore attenzione i processi politici che per primi si sono sviluppati ed hanno attecchito, lasciando in ombra quelli successivi. Dei processi più recenti, anzi, è spesso arduo offrire una descrizione accurata, per il turbinio di eventi e personaggi che spesso ne caratterizzano le vicende.
LE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI NELLA TERRA DELPRINCIPE
Authors: Lucarelli Sonia , Menotti Roberto 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneA distanza di molti anni, è tuttora difficile contestare la famosa affermazione di Stanley Hoffmann secondo la quale le Relazioni Internazionali (Ri) sono una disciplina americana (Hoffmann 1977). Basti notare che larghissima parte degli articoli pubblicati su riviste di Ri americane o europee oggi sul mercato sono scritti da autori americani (Wæver 1998, 696-701), che la storia degli sviluppi teorici della disciplina è raccontata soprattutto in riferimento a dibattiti teorici (iGreat Debates) che solo raramente si svolgono in Europa continentale (J⊘rgensen 2000), e infine che le tendenze quanto a citazioni e adozione di teorie prodotte altrove rivelano un rapporto fortemente sbilanciato tra le Ri americane e quelle europee continentali.
LA PREVISIONE POLITICA: NOTE EPISTEMOLOGICHE
Authors: Fotia Mauro 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneAnalisi previsionale e teorie della probabilitàScarsa è la fiducia che i politologi, in particolare europei, nutrono nei confronti della validità scientifica delle indagini previsionali. Gravi appaiono ai loro occhi le limitazioni epistemologiche e metodologiche da cui tali indagini risultano afflitte. L'uso di modelli semplificanti e riduttivi, l'assenza di approcci pluridisciplinari, la mancata integrazione delle variabili politiche con altre variabili a loro strettamente collegate, come sono ad esempio quelle economiche, il frequente ricorso a tecniche estrapolative, sono alcune delle distorsioni più frequentemente riscontrate nelle ricerche politologiche di tipo previsionale.
Le Scelte Politiche Dei Cittadini: Ambivalenza, Ragione O Affetto?
Authors: Barisione Mauro 
Published: January 2022

George E. Marcus, W. Russel Neuman e Michael MacKuen,Affective Intelligence and Political Judgement, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2000, pp. 199, Isbn 0-226-50468-9Citizens and Politicsesce dieci anni dopo i due lavori che più hanno segnato l'attuale psicologia politica e il campo delle ricerche sull'opinione pubblica negli Stati Uniti:Reasoning and Choicedi Snidermanet al(1991) eThe Nature and Origins of Mass Opiniondi Zaller (1992); ma marca anche una continuità con quei volumi collettanei che dalla metà degli anni ‘80 si sono dedicati alle problematiche delle cognizioni politiche e dell'information processing: Lau e Sears (1986), Ferejohn e Kuklinski (1990), Lodge e McGraw (1995), Mutzet al.(1996). Promettendo – per le ragioni che si vedranno più avanti – di far parlare molto di sé, il lavoro curato da Kuklinski, propone allo stesso tempo una sintesi dei temi e un panorama delle ricerche politologiche affrontate da prospettive psicologiche e cognitive. Gli atteggiamenti, i valori, le percezioni, gli affetti, i ragionamenti, le decisioni degli individui nella sfera politica sono analizzati in 17 contributi – introdotti sempre in modo chiaro ed esauriente da Kuklinski, anche se articolati in 4 aree tematiche dalla definizione piuttosto vaga – di autori come Sears, Feldman, Masters, Lau, Lodge, Sniderman, Marcus, per citarne solo alcuni fra i più noti. In particolare, la prima area («Affetto ed emozioni») racchiude quattro contributi incentrati sul ruolo delle inclinazioni affettive nella percezione degli oggetti politici carichi di una valenza simbolica (dalle parole – fra gli esempi americani: «comunisti»,welfare, «neri» – alle immagini politicopersonali dei candidati); la stessa dimensione affettiva è analizzata nella seconda parte («Cognizione politica») in relazione ai processi di trattamento dell'informazione, di valutazione delle notizie e di elaborazione di giudizi politici da parte dei cittadini, specie nell'arco della campagna elettorale; la terza parte («Atteggiamenti politici e percezioni») aggiorna il dibattito classico intorno alla maggiore o minore stabilità e coerenza degli atteggiamenti in seno all'opinione pubblica, mentre la quarta parte è interamente dedicata allo studio dei «Valori politici», con due ricerche che analizzano più precisamente le relazioni fra i valori di «umanitarismo» e «individualismo» e le preferenze dei cittadini in tema di politiche pubbliche.
SOPRAVVIVERE SENZA GOVERNARE: L'ELEZIONE DIRETTA DEL PRIMO MINISTRO IN ISRAELE
Authors: Ottolenghi Emanuele 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneA seguito di un prolungato periodo di paralisi politica e frammentazione partitica durante gli anni ottanta, nel marzo 1992 il parlamento israeliano – la Knesset – adottò un nuovo e originale sistema consistente nell'elezione diretta del Premier –in contemporanea con l'elezione del parlamento – e nel mantenimento del legame fiduciario tra legislatore e governo. Scopo principale della riforma era di rafforzare l'esecutivo e garantire una maggior efficacia e coerenza nel processo di formulazione ed esecuzione della politica del governo. Il nuovo sistema è entrato in vigore per le elezioni del maggio 1996 e dopo appena cinque anni è stato abolito nel marzo del 2001.
I SISTEMI PARTITICI REGIONALI IN ITALIA DALLA PRIMA ALLA SECONDA REPUBBLICA
Authors: Mazzoleni Martino 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneNegli scorsi decenni sono state proposte nella letteratura politologica diverse descrizioni e classificazioni dei sistemi di partito, sulla base del loro formato e della loro meccanica interna. L'argomento della differenziazione territoriale dei sistemi partitici, però, è stato piuttosto trascurato nello studio di questa materia. E tuttavia «nei grandi stati vi sono in realtà relativamente pochi fenomeni politici che la popolazione sperimenta in maniera omogenea», e i dati nazionali sovente rappresentano solo delle «medie di esperienze soggiacenti abbastanza differenti» (Dunleavy e Margetts 1994). Questo saggio mira a sviluppare tale argomento con riferimento ad un caso specifico, la realtà politica italiana dal 1970 ad oggi. Si evidenzierà come ed in quale misura un sistema partitico nazionale possa comprendere vari sub-sistemi, costituiti dagli stessi soggetti ma al contempo diversificati in più aspetti.
Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: frailty subgroup analysis of MAIA
Authors: Facon Thierry , Cook Gordon , Usmani Saad Z. , Hulin Cyrille , Kumar Shaji , Plesner Torben , Touzeau Cyrille , Bahlis Nizar J. , Basu Supratik , Nahi Hareth , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Quach Hang , Mohty Mohamad , Venner Christopher P. , Weisel Katja , Raje Noopur , Hebraud Benjamin , Belhadj-Merzoug Karim , Benboubker Lotfi , Decaux Olivier , Manier Salomon , Caillot Denis , Ukropec Jon , Pei Huiling , Van Rampelbergh Rian , Uhlar Clarissa M. , Kobos Rachel , Zweegman Sonja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the phase 3 MAIA study of patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (D-Rd) improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd). We present a subgroup analysis of MAIA by frailty status. Frailty assessment was performed retrospectively using age, Charlson comorbidity index, and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score. Patients were classified as fit, intermediate, non-frail (fit + intermediate), or frail. Of the randomized patients (D-Rd, n = 368; Rd, n = 369), 396 patients were non-frail (D-Rd, 196 [53.3%]; Rd, 200 [54.2%]) and 341 patients were frail (172 [46.7%]; 169 [45.8%]). After a 36.4-month median follow-up, non-frail patients had longer PFS than frail patients, but the PFS benefit of D-Rd versus Rd was maintained across subgroups: non-frail (median, not reached [NR] vs 41.7 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; P < 0.0001) and frail (NR vs 30.4 months; HR, 0.62; P = 0.003). Improved rates of complete response or better and minimal residual disease (10–5) negativity were observed for D-Rd across subgroups. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event in non-frail and frail patients was neutropenia (non-frail, 45.4% [D-Rd] and 37.2% [Rd]; frail, 57.7% and 33.1%). These findings support the clinical benefit of D-Rd in transplant-ineligible NDMM patients enrolled in MAIA, regardless of frailty status.
Drastic transitions of excited state and coupling regime in all-inorganic perovskite microcavities characterized by exciton/plasmon hybrid natures
Authors: Enomoto Shuki , Tagami Tomoya , Ueda Yusuke , Moriyama Yuta , Fujiwara Kentaro , Takahashi Shun , Yamashita Kenichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLead-halide perovskites are highly promising for various optoelectronic applications, including laser devices. However, fundamental photophysics explaining the coherent-light emission from this material system is so intricate and often the subject of debate. Here, we systematically investigate photoluminescence properties of all-inorganic perovskite microcavity at room temperature and discuss the excited state and the light–matter coupling regime depending on excitation density. Angle-resolved photoluminescence clearly exhibits that the microcavity system shows a transition from weak coupling regime to strong coupling regime, revealing the increase in correlated electron–hole pairs. With pumping fluence above the threshold, the photoluminescence signal shows a lasing behavior with bosonic condensation characteristics, accompanied by long-range phase coherence. The excitation density required for the lasing behavior, however, is found to exceed the Mott density, excluding the exciton as the excited state. These results demonstrate that the polaritonic Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer state originates the strong coupling formation and the lasing behavior.
Ten-year trends in mortality and complications following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ngo Linh , Ali Anna , Ganesan Anand , Woodman Richard , Adams Robert , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Recent US studies report rising rates of mortality and in-hospital complications following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), but whether this is a global phenomenon is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine trends in 30-day mortality and complications following AF ablation in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) from 2008 to 2017.

Methods and results
We identified 37 243 AF (mean age 62.4 ± 11.5 years, 29.6% females, 94.5% elective procedures) ablations using national hospitalization data. The primary outcome was occurrence of any complication, including all-cause mortality, within 30 days of discharge. Trends were evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for changes in patient characteristics. The annual number of ablations increased from 1359 (2008) to 5115 (2017). Patients’ age and rates of heart failure (9.8–10.6%), diabetes (6.8–12.4%), and chronic kidney disease (2.2–4.1%) also increased over time. From 2008 to 2017, the overall rate of complications declined from 7.51% to 5.04% [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.96 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.94–0.97)/year]. Rates of pericardial effusion [1.69–0.70%, aOR 0.93 (0.89–0.97)], bleeding [4.49–2.74%, aOR 0.94 (0.92–0.96)], and vascular injury [0.52–0.16%, aOR 0.91 (0.85–0.98)] declined, but rates of acute kidney injury [0.15–0.68%, aOR 1.16 (1.08–1.25)] and infection [0.15–0.57%, aOR 1.07 (1.01–1.14)] increased over time. The overall 30-day mortality rate was low (0.11%) and unchanged [0.00–0.16%, aOR 0.99 (0.88–1.11)].

Conclusion
Despite a five-fold increase in AF ablations and the rising risk profile of patients, complications following AF ablation declined by 30% from 2008 to 2017 in ANZ. Procedure-related death was uncommon and occurred in less than 1 in 850 patients.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Associated With Treatment Response and Cognitive Function in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Receiving Valproate
Authors: Chang Cheng-Chen , Chen Po See , Lin Jhih-Rong , Chen Yi-An , Liu Chin-San , Lin Ta-Tsung , Chang Hui Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the associations among mitochondrial DNA copy number (MCN), treatment response, and cognitive function remain elusive in BD patients.

Methods
Sixty euthymic BD patients receiving valproate (VPA) and 66 healthy controls from the community were recruited. The indices of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were measured. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of blood leukocytes was used to measure the MCN. Cognitive function was measured by calculating perseverative errors and completed categories on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The VPA treatment response was measured using the Alda scale.

Results
BD patients had significantly higher MCN, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, waist circumference, and worse performance on the WCST than the controls. Regression models showed that BD itself and the VPA concentration exerted significant effects on increased MCN levels. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an MCN of 2.05 distinguished VPA responders from nonresponders, with an area under the curve of 0.705 and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.529 and 0.816, respectively. An MCN level ≥2.05 was associated with 5.39 higher odds of being a VPA responder (P = .006). BD patients who were stratified into the high-MCN group had a higher VPA response rate, better WCST performance, lower CRP level, and less MetS.

Conclusions
The study suggests a link between the peripheral MCN and cognitive function in BD patients. As an inflammatory status, MetS might modulate this association.
Aesthetics of the Narrative Climax in Contemporary TV Serials
Authors: Pérez Héctor J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article draws on concepts from cognitive psychology to explore the significance of the narrative climax, focusing on the final climax of the series The Americans as a case study. Two aspects of the aesthetic experience are considered: the special intensity that climaxes elicit, and the diversity of the cognitive content they generate, which can include both aesthetic and non-aesthetic properties. The climax is experienced in a state of absorption triggered by a set of strategies of temporal prolongation related to the main suspenseful moments and plotlines, to character engagement, and to the multiplot structure, involving the content of the narrative itself (narrative absorption) and the aesthetic qualities that define it (artifact absorption). The source of this absorption during the climax lies in the interplay between emotion and cognition in a temporal process that may last for a whole series. To demonstrate this idea, this study identifies key narrative comprehension processes, drawing on the explanatory potential of mental model theory to clarify the importance of memory and interrelated inferential processes. The aim of this research is to contribute to explanations of the role of the climax in serialized television and other artistic works.
Postoperative hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy (HypoAR) for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Koukourakis Michael I , Kavazis Christos , Giagtzidis Axiotis , Mamalis Panagiotis , Tsaroucha Alexandra , Botaitis Sotirios , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Pitiakoudis Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
despite the advances in preoperative hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, postoperative radiotherapy delivered with standard fractionation (46–50 Gy in 5 weeks) remains a standard adjuvant schedule. The role of hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy in a postoperative setting remains largely unexplored.

Methods
eighty-eight patients with rectal cancer infiltrating the rectal wall and/or having metastasis to the perirectal lymph nodes were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and, subsequently, with hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy. Ten fractions of 3.4 Gy were delivered to the pelvis for 10 consecutive fractions, within 12 days. The follow-up of patients alive at the time of analysis ranges from 12–120 months (median 48).

Results
mild abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea were frequent, but medical medication was demanded in 14/88 (15.9%) of patients. The incidence of late toxicities was low; 4/88 (3.5%) patients complained for intermittent intestinal urgency. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 8/88 patients (9%). The 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival was achieved in 89.7% of patients, and this dropped to 84% in node-positive patients (P = 0.45). The 5-year disease-specific overall survival was 72.4%. Nodal involvement showed a trend to negatively affect prognosis (5-year overall survival 68.2 vs. 79.6%; P = 0.23).

Conclusion
postoperative hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy has minimal early and late toxicity. The locoregional control and disease-specific survival rates are similar to the expected from conventional postoperative chemoradiotherapy. The 2.5-fold decrease of radiotherapy treatment time, reduction of waiting lists and the lower overall cost of radiotherapy are additional benefits associated with hypofractionated–accelerated radiotherapy.
A case report of superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: van Rensburg Anzel Jansen , Ghadiri Marjan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare condition resulting in small bowel obstruction. The third part of the duodenum becomes compressed because of the narrow angle between the aorta and the SMA. Those at risk of developing SMA syndrome include patients who develop rapid weight loss, malignancy, eating disorders, burns, trauma and substance abuse. We present a case of a 73-year-old man that presented 5 days post a total hip replacement with abdominal pain and profuse bilious vomiting for 2 days. A computed tomography scan of his abdomen showed gross distension of his stomach with an abrupt occlusion of the duodenum at the level of the SMA which was consistent with SMA syndrome. The patient was treated conservatively and was later discharged from surgical services once his symptoms resolved and he was able to tolerate diet.
Hearing Features and Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Patients With PathogenicMYO15AVariants: a Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Chen Pey-Yu , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Wu Jiunn-Liang , Li Yi-Lu , Wu Che-Ming , Chen Kuang-Chao , Hwang Chung-Feng , Wu Hung-Pin , Lin Hung-Ching , Cheng Yen-Fu , Lo Ming-Yu , Liu Tien-Chen , Yang Ting-Hua , Chen Pei-Lung , Hsu Chuan-Jen , Wu Chen-Chi 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
Recessive variants in theMYO15Agene constitute an important cause of sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI). However, the clinical features ofMYO15A-related SNHI have not been systemically investigated. This study aimed to delineate the hearing features and outcomes in patients with pathogenicMYO15Avariants.

Design:
This study recruited 40 patients with biallelicMYO15Avariants from 31 unrelated families. The patients were grouped based on the presence of N-terminal domain variants (N variants). The longitudinal audiological data and for those undergoing cochlear implantation, the auditory and speech performance with cochlear implants, were ascertained and compared between patients with different genotypes.

Results:
At the first audiometric examination, 32 patients (80.0%) presented with severe to profound SNHI. Patients with at least one allele of the N variant exhibited significantly better hearing levels than those with biallelic non-N variants (78.2 ± 23.9 dBHL and 94.7 ± 22.8 dBHL, respectively) (p= 0.033). Progressive SNHI was observed in 82.4% of patients with non-profound SNHI, in whom the average progression rate of hearing loss was 6.3 ± 4.8 dBHL/year irrespective of the genotypes. Most of the 25 patients who underwent cochlear implantation exhibited favorable auditory and speech performances post-implantation.

Conclusions:
The hearing features of patients with biallelic pathogenicMYO15Avariants are characterized by severe to profound SNHI, rapid hearing progression, and favorable outcomes with cochlear implants. Periodic auditory monitoring is warranted for these patients to enable early intervention.