bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation on the efficacy of different methylprednisolone regimens in the treatment of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Lin Xiaoting , Qi Guoyan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of different methylprednisolone regimens in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG).
Methods: A total of 98 patients with MG admitted to Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital from December 2018 to November 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, with 49 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy, while those in the experimental group received medium-dose periodic therapy of methylprednisolone. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChRab), clinical absolute scores, complement levels (C3, C4), T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD25+), cytokines [interferon-γ (INF-γ), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-6 (IL- 6), interleukin-18 (IL-18)], and changes in quality of life [15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life Scale (MGQOL-15) score] were compared between the two groups before treatment and one and three months after treatment. Moreover, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the two groups during 3 months of treatment was compared.
Results: After three months of treatment, ACHRAB, clinical absolute score, CD3+, CD4+, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-18 and MGQOL-15 scores in both groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (p<0.05), and the scores of C3, C4, CD4+CD25+ and TGF-β1 in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (p<0.05), and the experimental group had more significant changes than the control group (p<0.05). During three months of treatment, the total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The medium-dose periodic therapy of methylprednisolone is more prominent in the long-term efficacy performance. It can improve the immunity and quality of life of patients, and it is safer and has high clinical application value.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5069
How to cite this:Lin X, Qi G. Observation on the efficacy of different methylprednisolone regimens in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5069
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of bone mineral density in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by ultrasonic bone mineral density measurement combined with Vitamin-D deficiency and analysis of influencing factors
Authors: Han Lulu , Ma Jingjing , Wang Shenghai , Li Zhihong 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To investigate the evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by ultrasonic bone mineral density measurement combined with Vitamin-D deficiency and its influencing factors.
Methods: A total of 100 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the GDM group, and another 100 pregnant volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital were selected as the healthy control group. The levels of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), C-peptide, procollagen, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (25-OH-D) and ultrasonic BMD Z-score were determined and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the effects of different levels of 25-OH-D on the above indexes were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results: Compared with the healthy reference group, the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PTH, HbA1c, FINS and C-peptide of GDM group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while BMD Z-score and 25-OH-D levels were significantly decreased. In the GDM group, the lower the 25-OH-D levels, the higher the FPG, HbA1c and FINS levels and the lower the serum calcium level and BMD Z-score, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25-OH-D was an independent risk factor affecting BMD in patients with GDM (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Patients with GDM have lower BMD and 25-hydroxyVitamin-D3 levels. Measurement of BMD and 25-hydroxyVitamin-D3 levels can help assess the progression of GDM. BMD has a close bearing on Vitamin-D deficiency in patients with GDM.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5090
How to cite this:Han L, Ma J, Wang S, Li Z. Evaluation of bone mineral density in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by ultrasonic bone mineral density measurement combined with Vitamin-D deficiency and analysis of influencing factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5090
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in high school students of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ibbad Saima , Baig Lubna Ansari , Ahmer Zaeema , Shahid Farhana 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Anxiety and depression are commonly occurring mental disorders in school-going students and if not considered can result in a worse outcome. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and relationship of anxiety and depression with different variables among high school students of Karachi.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October - November 2020 in government and private high schools of four districts of Karachi. Two stage cluster sampling was used to select study sites with 400 students inducted. Data was collected by using Aga Khan University Scale of anxiety and depression. Relationship of outcome with predictor variables was examined by applying univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Overall 53.2% participants reported anxiety and depression out of which 78.8% were females. Participants who were studying in private schools (OR 0.39, CI 0.21-0.69 at 95%, p=0.002) and had mothers who were housewives (OR 0.28, CI 0.09-0.83 at 95%, p=0.022) were less likely to develop anxiety and depression. Participants whose fathers and mothers had a history of anxiety and depression were three times more likely to develop anxiety and depression (OR 3.12, CI 1.52-6.41 at 95%, p=0.002) and (OR 3.02, CI 1.39-6.59 at 95%, p=0.005) respectively.
Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among high school students. Female students of public sector school and those who had a family history of anxiety and depression were more likely to develop it. Early detection and management of anxiety and depression by screening are necessary to overcome this burden.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5093
How to cite this:Ibbad S, Baig LA, Ahmer Z, Shahid F. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in high school students of Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5093
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Tracheobronchial aspiration affects the outcome of hospitalization among Hepatic Encephalopathy patients
Authors: Rafiq Qamar , Zeeshan Mubashar , Mustafa Ghulam , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of tracheobronchial aspiration on hospitalization outcomes and the factors influencing its occurrence.
Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2020 at GMC/DHQ-Teaching Hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. All consenting liver cirrhosis patients with hepatic encephalopathy > 12 years of age admitted at the study site were included. The patient’s baseline characteristics and the hospitalization outcomes were noted in terms of death and discharge. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The predictors of tracheobronchial aspiration were determined using Independent Sample T test and Chi-square test for quantitative and qualitative variables respectively. The p-values were taken statistically significant if < 0.05. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the effect of significant factors on the likelihood of tracheobronchial aspiration.
Results: Among the total of 294 patients, 28.0% died during hospitalization. Death occurred significantly more in group of patients who had tracheobronchial aspiration (62.7% vs 12.0%, p<0.01). Increasing age was associated with increased chance of tracheobronchial aspiration (p<0.01). Male gender (49.6% vs 8.2%, p<0.01), patients whose hepatic encephalopathy was precipitated by upper GI bleed (59.7% vs 22.9%, p<0.01), and patients with comorbidities (p=0.02) were significantly prone to tracheobronchial aspiration.
Conclusions: Tracheobronchial aspiration is a significant predictor of inpatient mortality among patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Male gender, increasing age & upper GI bleed predict aspiration in hepatic encephalopathy patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5114
How to cite this:Rafiq Q, Zeeshan M, Mustafa G, Irfan M. Tracheobronchial aspiration affects the outcome of hospitalization among Hepatic Encephalopathy patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5114
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Visual outcome of cataract surgery in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Junejo Murtaza Sameen , Murtaza Rebecca , Shaikh Fahad Feroz , Siyal Naimatullah 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To review the visual outcomes after cataract surgery in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Isra University Hyderabad.
Methods: This retrospective clinical study was carried out for six months at Isra University Hyderabad from December 2020-May 2021. Total patients included were 982. The data comprised of patients who underwent cataract surgery from Sept 2018 – Aug 2020. Individuals over 40 years were included and who returned for out-patient appointments. Visual acuity before and six weeks after cataract surgery were noted and categorized according to World Health Organization criteria (i-e Good, Moderate and Poor).. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 22.0.
Results: Out of 982 patients who underwent Phacoemulsification at Isra University Hospital, the operated eyes were 483 right and 499 left respectively. Meanwhile, 966 had good visual acuity six weeks after the surgery, while 16 had moderate visual acuity noted after six weeks.
Conclusion: Clinical audit of cataract surgeries by measuring visual acuity postoperatively is an excellent approach in improving the outcomes and maintaining the good care facilities at a tertiary care hospital.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5163
How to cite this:Junejo MS, Rebecca, Shaikh FF, Siyal N. Visual outcome of cataract surgery in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5163
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Communicative Aspects of Mutual Understanding Between Generations: The Results of a Cultural Research
Authors: Chilingir E. , Myt'ko I. 
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of a study conducted at the Russian New University in 2019-2020. The aim of the study was to identify cultural symbols of different generations, conventionally divided into two large categories - over 30 (“Born in the USSR”) and under 30 (“New Generation”).
The results of the study showed not only differences, but also uniting factors of different generations, and the intellectual game carried out on the basis of the results of the study showed that different generations generally understand each other, despite differences in cultural codes.
Methods of Formation of Communication Skills in the Process of Training Russian-Persian Translators
Authors: Asadi Sangachin Zeinab , Sheikhi Jolandan Nahid 
Published: March 2022

In the process of training future translators, with the help of special translation exercises, skills and abilities are developed to perform various types of translation. Special importance in translation classes is given to exercises aimed at developing the skills of deverbalization, transformation and switching necessary for the translator, and the development of a bilingual mechanism among students.
The purpose of this article is to present some useful tasks in the process of learning to translate from Russian into Persian and vice versa, which develop communication skills and bilingualism skills of future translators, as well as improve the quality of translation. The exercises presented in the article are focused not only on working out the lexical and grammatical knowledge of students, but also include tasks implying the presence of background knowledge about culture, awareness of students about precedent texts, understanding of the realities of the two countries.
Towards the Problem of Communicative Approach of the French Periodicals by Modeling E. Macron’s Political Image
Authors: Loginova Polina 
Published: March 2022

The paper goes on analysis of the implementation of communicative approach regarding the peculiarities of the French media texts in comparison derived from the most up-to-date periodicals such as «Le Parisien», «Le Figaro», «Le Monde» and «Libération». It is attempted to illustrate that the periodicals mentioned above envisaged within the frame of communication studies and science by the exemples of media texts cited by the author could reveal the diverse types of interpretation of E. Macron’s political image. It is also shown that the mentioned French periodicals create the specific viewpoint of the acting French leader by influencing and manipulating people’s consciousness. It is underlined that the timeliness of the analyzed topic is stipulated by upcoming presidential elections in France in the year 2022 where E. Macron will be presented, therefore the importance of analysis of his political image can not be underestimated. It is underlined that by criticing and condemning the political activities of the acting French president , French periodicals influence public opinion and model the appropriate image of E.Macron.
The practical significance of the paper is determined by implementing the obtained results while teaching international and political journalism at Universities to students of politics, future international journalists and diplomatic officials.
Epidemiology of myopia and the effect of orthokeratology on controlling the disease
Authors: Gorecka Adrianna , Kaczyńska Agnieszka , Gorecka Dagmara , Chromiak Karol , Urbańska Katarzyna , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: March 2022

Introduction and objective
Myopia is a defect of vision, which makes it impossible to see remote objects clearly. The disease can also lead to serious ocular problems. Myopia affects about 30% of the world population and -according to the estimates- that percentage is about to increase up to 50% within the next 30 years. Orthokeratology is a relatively new method on non-surgical, reversible correction of myopia. Specially designed lenses, worn at night, affects the shape of the cornea, which results in proper vision during the day.
Review methods
The aim of the study was evaluation of effectiveness of wearing orthokeratology contact lenses based on a review of medical literature published on PubMed in the last 5 years.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge
Research results show that wearing orthokeratology lenses have beneficial effects. Reduction of axial length of the eyeball and curvature of the cornea were observed. Progression of myopia was five times slower in children study group and three times slower in adult study group compared to control groups. It was proved, that favourable health effects persist through the first eight years of treatment. Due to the fact, that cornea has a limited susceptibility, a decrease in efficiency occurs in the following years. Usually no undesirable side effects are reported, yet the possible side effects are mild and disappear after a short time.
Summary
According to the results of recent studies, we can assume that orthokeratology is a safe and effective method of inhibition of myopia progression. The method may be especially recommended to children, to people working in such conditions, that make wearing standard contact lenses impossible and to people not qualified for laser or surgical vision correction.
Identification of the shared gene signatures and pathways between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Shiyuan , Xiang Chunhua , Song Yi 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSarcopenia is characterized by the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that develops progressively and plays an important role in the disability of the elderly. It has received growing attention over the last decade and has been implicated as both a cause and consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The existence of T2DM could increase the risk of developing sarcopenia through multiple mechanisms including advanced glycation end-product accumulation. Meanwhile, sarcopenia would alter glucose disposal and may contribute to the development and progression of T2DM due to reduced muscle mass.MethodsWe implemented transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle biopsy specimens in sarcopenia patients and proliferating myoblasts or differentiated myotubes from individuals with T2DM. Related microarray data were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to screen the genes, which were differentially expressed for sarcopenia and T2DM. Multiple combinatorial statistical methods and bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the common DEGs. Meanwhile, functional enrichment analysis was also carried out. Furthermore, we constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI), as well as transcription factor (TF)-gene interactions network and TF-miRNA coregulatory network. Finally, based on the common DEGs, drug compounds were speculated using the Drug Signatures database (DSigDB).ResultsA total of 1765 and 2155 DEGs of sarcopenia and T2DM were screened, respectively. 15 common genes (LXN, CIB2, PEA15, KANK2, FGD1, NMRK1, PLCB1, SEMA4G, ADARB1, UPF3A, CSTB, COL3A1, CD99, ETV3, FJX1) correlated with sarcopenia and T2DM simultaneously were then identified, and 3 genes (UPF3A, CSTB and PEA15) of them were regarded as hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed several shared pathways between two diseases. In addition, according to the TF-gene interactions network and TF-miRNA coregulatory network, part of TF and miRNA may be identified as key regulator in sarcopenia and T2DM at the same time (e.g., CREM and miR-155). Notably, drug compounds for T2DM and sarcopenia were also suggested, such as coenzyme Q10.ConclusionThis study revealed that sarcopenia and T2DM may share similar pathogenesis and provided new biological targets and ideas for early diagnosis and effective treatment of sarcopenia and T2DM.
The Abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp. Causing Blooming in Ambon Bay, Maluku
Authors: Kesaulya Irma , Rumohoira Delta R. , Saravanakumar A. 
Published: March 2022

This study examines the first occurrence of non-toxic dinoflagellate blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp in Ambon Bay that occurred for almost three weeks in January 2019 and it caused the watercolor became red brown. The objective of this study was to identified phytoplankton species and their abundance that cause red tide in the Inner Ambon bay. Phytoplankton samples were collected, temperature, salinity and Secchi depth were measured simultaneously on the 11th and 21st January 2019 (nortwest monsoon) at fifteen sampling stations in Inner Ambon Bay. The results show that the maximum abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens were found in the greatest concentration up to 20×109, 9.0x106, 5.8x106 and 3.8x105 cells.L-1, respectively. They were found either in the form of a single cell or in chains. The very high abundance of cells of those species made the waters become red brown but there was no reports of fish killed during this red tide phenomena. This is the first time report of blooming phytoplankton Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens occurred in Ambon bay during the dry season where the recorded waters temperature and salinity ranged from 30-32ºC and 29-33 psu, respectively and the secchi depths ranged from 2 to 6m.
Proximate Analysis of Bycatch Fish and Probiotics Treatments towards the Good Aquaculture Practices
Authors: Adibrata Sudirman , Astuti Rufti Puji , Bahtera Novyandra Ilham , Lingga Rahmad , Manin Fahmida , Firdaus Maulana 
Published: March 2022

Bycatch small pelagic fish during the fishing season can be oversupplied so that its price goes down. The study aims to analyze the proximate of local fish powder from the by-catch and probiotics of Probio_FM in the fish feed in Bangka Belitung. The method was the data compared with the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 01-2715-1996/Rev: 92 about the raw material of animal feed as fish powder and fish feed with six different treatments. The study found that the bycatch or trash from small pelagic fish could be used as a fish powder or fish feed. The proximate analysis on fish powder and fish feed with probiotics Probio_FM included as the quality of SNI. Crude protein values from 25.75% until 66.96% that was above SNI standard I (1.5%), II (2.5%), and III (3.0%) could be followed up into an economical business. Fermented activity from Probio_FM could degrade the protein and other components proximate such as ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, Phosphor, and NaCl. The amino acids from protein were getting simpler and easier being absorbed by fish in culture or livestock farms. Probio_FM was assumed to degrade the protein value and other components proximate due to the utilization of nitrogen and ammonia derived from the process fish protein hydrolyzation of probiotic bacteria. The production of local feed should be implemented to reach feed security and very important to be developed into a community business. Proximate analysis of bycatch could support sustainable good aquaculture practices in the future.