bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of Mechanical Snubber Condition Monitoring on Degradation Rate Over Time
Authors: Shutt Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper summarizes the current results of Mechanical Snubber Condition Monitoring Programs implemented at certain operating US nuclear power plants. The condition monitoring is utilized to validate reliability and extend service life. Service Life Monitoring is a requirement of ASME OM. Subject operating units with large mechanical snubber populations instituted programmatic condition monitoring as early as 2005/2006. Degradation rates compared over time indicate that the programs resulted in an improvement in the reliability of the mechanical snubber population.
Pump Performance Requirements, Test Margins, and the Impact of Emergency Diesel Generator Voltage and Frequency Tolerances
Authors: Loebig Thomas G. , Swantner Stephen R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accurate calculation of pump performance margins relative to test acceptance criteria are driven by a variety of requirements and constraints. Inputs including design basis required performance, acceptance criteria assumptions, test conditions, and field versus vendor data are required. Test margin with respect to safety analysis limits may be more limiting than ASME Operations and Maintenance (OM) Code [1] inservice testing (IST) requirements. In response to component design basis inspection (CDBI) and design basis assurance inspection (DBAI) findings of potentially non-conservative equipment performance when operating at the extremes of Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) Technical Specification (TS) limits of frequency and voltage, Westinghouse and the Pressurized Water Reactor Owner’s Group (PWROG) developed WCAP-17308-NP-A [2] to provide a simplified approach to incorporate these limits, by treating them as uncertainties, into design basis pump test acceptance criteria. The basic methodology provides a general approach to account for uncertainties by adjusting pump curves and test acceptance criteria. Depending on the magnitude of the EDG and instrument uncertainties, adjusted design basis related test acceptance criteria may challenge the tested performance of the pumps. Margin can be recovered by reducing uncertainties and taking credit for any available margin in the safety analyses.
Knowledge and behaviour of community residents’ face mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tang Huiyun , Wang Jian , Zhang Yuan , NI Jun , Liu Lei , Fang Jialiang 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesCOVID-19 is an infectious disease spreading through respiratory droplets. Using a face mask correctly is one of the essential preventive measures. We launched a survey to discover the current face mask-wearing problems for better prevention and control of the pandemic.Setting/participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1240 residents in Shanghai during 18–28 February 2020. Stratified random sampling was adopted in the urban area, urban–rural fringe area and rural area. A mobile self-designed questionnaire was used.Main outcome measuresAnalysis of the demographic and sociological factors influencing residents’ face mask type selection, disposable surgical mask-wearing behaviour, replacement time and the storage method for reuse of disposable surgical masks.ResultsThe accuracy of residents’ face mask type selection was rated 41.61% (513/1233), and that of urban–rural fringe residents, low-education residents, elderly residents, were low, respectively (p<0.001). 96.67% of residents always wore face masks in crowded public places. Multiple-factor analysis showed that region, gender and education level were the influencing factors for entirely fitting the disposable surgical mask to the face. Region was an influencing factor for not touching the mask’s external surface while wearing or removing it. Education level was an influencing factor for recognising the external and inner mask surface, upper and lower edge of a disposable surgical mask. The accuracy of the mask replacement time was 25.63% (316/1223). It was low with elderly, low-education residents, respectively (p<0.001).The accuracy of residents’ storage method for reuse of disposable surgical mask was 3.81% (47/1233), and region, age and education level were influencing factors.ConclusionsShanghai residents recorded a high rate of wearing face masks. Selection of an appropriate type of face mask, disposable surgical mask-wearing behaviour, replacement time and storage method for reuse of disposable surgical masks should be particularly emphasised in future behaviour change interventions.
Towards quantifying the reciprocal associations between frequency of cannabis use and alcohol consumption: a cross-lagged analysis from the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Matta Joane , Limosin Frédéric , Hoertel Nicolas , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Lemogne Cedric 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveDisentangle the temporal relationships between frequency of cannabis use and alcohol consumption.MethodsA cross-lagged model providing standardised coefficients (SCs)±their standard errors in 13 255 men and 13 696 women enrolled in 2015 or 2016 in the French population-based 'CONSulTANts des Centres d'Examens de Santé' (CONSTANCES) cohort. Cannabis use was categorised as follows: ‘No use during the past 12 months’, ‘Use during the past 12 months but not in the past month’ and ‘Use in the past month’ for cannabis use at baseline, and No use during the past 12 months, ‘Use less than once per month’ and ‘Use once per month or more’ for cannabis use at 1 year of follow-up. Alcohol consumption was measured at baseline and at 1 year of follow-up and three categories were determined: low risk (<28 drinks per week in men; <14 drinks per week in women), moderate risk (≥28 and<42 in men; ≥14 and<28 in women) and high risk (≥42 in men; ≥28 in women). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, tobacco consumption, self-rated health status and depressive symptoms.ResultsBoth associations from alcohol to cannabis and from cannabis to alcohol were significant (SC=0.02±0.01 with p=0.003 and SC=0.06±0.01 with p<0.001, respectively). However, the SC of the association from cannabis to alcohol was three times higher than the opposite association (p<0.001). After stratification for sex, SCs of the association from cannabis to alcohol were more than two times higher than for the opposite association in men, and more than four times higher in women (both p<0.001).ConclusionsThe association between frequency of cannabis use and subsequent alcohol consumption was stronger than the opposite association. This finding encourages considering the risk of increased alcohol consumption among cannabis users.
Interprofessional evidence-based counselling programme for complementary and integrative healthcare in patients with cancer: study protocol for the controlled implementation study CCC-Integrativ
Authors: Valentini Jan , Fröhlich Daniela , Stolz Regina , Mahler Cornelia , Martus Peter , Klafke Nadja , Horneber Markus , Frasch Jona , Kramer Klaus , Bertz Hartmut , Grün Barbara , Tomaschko-Ubeländer Katrin , Joos Stefanie 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAccording to international literature, patients with cancer wish to have information on complementary and integrative healthcare (CIH). Medical guidelines recommend actively approaching patients with cancer discussing potential benefits and risks of individual CIH methods. While some CIH methods, for example, acupuncture and yoga, have been proven effective in high-quality studies, other CIH methods lack studies or bear the risk of interactions with chemotherapeutics, for example, herbal drugs. Therefore, an evidence-based interprofessional counselling programme on CIH will be implemented at four Comprehensive Cancer Centres in the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.Methods and analysisA complex intervention consisting of elements on patient, provider and system levels will be developed and evaluated within a multilayer evaluation design with confirmatory evaluation on patient level. Patients with a cancer diagnosis within the last 6 months will receive three individual counselling sessions on CIH within 3 months (=intervention on patient level). The counselling will be provided by an interprofessional team of medical and nursing staff. For this purpose, an intensive online training programme, a CIH knowledge database and an interprofessional team-building process were developed and implemented (=intervention on provider level). Moreover, training events on the basics of CIH are offered in the outpatient setting (=intervention on system level). Primary outcome of the evaluation at the patient level is patient activation measured (PAM) with the PAM-13 after 3 months. Secondary outcomes, for example, quality of life, self-efficacy and clinical parameters, will be assessed at baseline, after 3 months and at 6 months follow-up. The intervention group (n=1000) will be compared with a control group (n=500, treatment as usual, no CIH counselling. The outcomes and follow-up times in the control group are the same as in the intervention group. Moreover, the use of health services will be analysed in both groups using routine data. A qualitative-quantitative process evaluation as well as a health economic evaluation will identify relevant barriers and enabling factors for later roll-out.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the appropriate Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of Tuebingen, No. 658/2019BO1. The results of these studies will be disseminated to academic audiences and in the community.Trial registration numberDRKS00021779; Pre-results.
Understanding stage of innovation of invasive procedures and devices: protocol for a systematic review and thematic analysis
Authors: Scroggie Darren L , Elliott Daisy , Cousins Sian , Avery Kerry NL , Blazeby Jane M , Blencowe Natalie S 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSurgical innovation has generally occurred in an unstandardised manner. This has led to unnecessary exposure of patients to harm, research waste and inadequate evidence. The IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up) Collaboration provided a set of recommendations for evaluating surgical innovations based on their stage of innovation. Despite further refinements and guidance, adoption of the IDEAL recommendations has been slow; an important reason may be that determining the stage of innovation is often difficult. To facilitate evaluation of surgical innovations, there is a need for a detailed insight into what stage of innovation means, and how it can be determined. The aim of this study is to understand the concept of stage of innovation as reported in the literature.Methods and analysisA systematic review is being conducted. Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from their inception until July 2021 using an iteratively developed strategy based on the concepts of stage of innovation, invasive procedures or devices and guidance. Articles were included if they described an approach to evaluating surgical innovations in stages, described a method for determining stage of innovation, described indicators of stage of innovation, defined stages or described potential sources of stage-related information. Conference abstracts and non-English language articles were excluded. Other articles were detected from citations within included articles and suggestions from experts in surgical innovation. Data will be extracted regarding approaches to evaluating surgical innovations, methods for determining stage of innovation, indicators of stage of innovation, definitions of stages and potential sources of stage-related information. A thematic analysis will be conducted, and findings summarised in a narrative report.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required. This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at appropriate conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021270812.
Regulatory standards and guidance for the use of health applications for self-management in Africa: scoping review protocol
Authors: Bene Benard Ayaka , Ibeneme Sunny , Fadahunsi Kayode Philip , Harri Bala Isa , Ukor Nkiruka , Mastellos Nikolaos , Majeed Azeem , Car Josip 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite health applications becoming ubiquitous and with enormous potential to facilitate self-management, regulatory challenges such as poor application quality, breach of data privacy and limited interoperability have impeded their full adoption. While many countries now have digital health-related policies/strategies, there is also a need for regulatory standards and guidance that address key regulatory challenges associated with the use of health applications. Currently, it is unclear the status of countries in Africa regarding regulatory standards and guidance that address the use of health applications.This protocol describes the process of conducting a scoping review which aims to investigate the extent to which regulatory standards and guidance address the use of health applications for self-management within the WHO African Region countries.MethodsThe review will follow the methodological framework for conducting a scoping study by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), and the updated methodological guidance for conducting a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review. Given that regulatory standards and guidance are unlikely to be available in scientific databases, we will search Scopus, Google, OpenGrey, WHO Regional Office for Africa Library (AFROLIB), African Index Medicus (AIM), websites of WHO, ITU and Ministries of Health, repositories for digital health policies. We will also search the reference lists of included documents, and contact key stakeholders in the region. Results will be reported using descriptive qualitative content analysis based on the review objectives. The policy analysis framework by Walt and Gilson (1994) will be used to organise findings. A summary of the key findings will be presented using tables, charts and maps.Ethics and disseminationThe collection of primary data is not anticipated in this study and hence ethical approval will not be required. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal while key findings will be shared with relevant organisations and/or presented at conferences.
Fractal analysis of perfusion imaging in synovitis: a novel imaging biomarker for grading inflammatory activity based on assessing angiogenesis
Authors: Michallek Florian , Ulas Sevtap Tugce , Poddubnyy Denis , Proft Fabian , Schneider Udo , Hermann Kay-Geert A , Dewey Marc , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe mutual and intertwined dependence of inflammation and angiogenesis in synovitis is widely acknowledged. However, no clinically established tool for objective and quantitative assessment of angiogenesis is routinely available. This study establishes fractal analysis as a novel method to quantitatively assess inflammatory activity based on angiogenesis in synovitis.MethodsFirst, we established a pathophysiological framework for synovitis including fractal analysis of software perfusion phantoms, which allowed to derive explainability with a known and controllable reference standard for vascular structure. Second, we acquired MRI datasets of patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis of the hand, and three imaging experts independently assessed synovitis analogue to Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) criteria. Finally, we performed fractal analysis of dynamic first-pass perfusion MRI in vivo to evaluate angiogenesis in relation to inflammatory activity with RAMRIS as reference standard.ResultsFractal dimension (FD) achieved highly significant discriminability for different degrees of inflammatory activity (p<0.01) in software phantoms with known ground-truth of angiogenic structure. FD indicated increasingly chaotic perfusion patterns with increasing grades of inflammatory activity (Spearman’s ρ=0.94, p<0.001). In 36 clinical patients, fractal analysis quantitatively and objectively discriminated individual RAMRIS scores (p≤0.05). Area under the receiver-operating curve was 0.84 (95% CI 0.7 to 0.89) for fractal analysis when considering RAMRIS as ground-truth. Fractal analysis additionally identified angiogenesis in cases where RAMRIS underestimated inflammatory activity.ConclusionsBased on angiogenesis and perfusion pathophysiology, fractal analysis non-invasively enables comprehensive, objective and quantitative characterisation of inflammatory angiogenesis with subjective and qualitative RAMRIS as reference standard. Further studies are required to establish the clinical value of fractal analysis for diagnosis, prognostication and therapy monitoring in inflammatory arthritis.
Influence of piston crown shape with different positions of spark plug and fuel injector, %EGR, and fuel system control on emissions from modified GDI engines compared with a base diesel engine
Authors: Nagareddy Shivakumar , Govindasamy Kumaresan 
Published: February 2022

In this study, the combustion chamber profiles were developed for spray, wall, and air-guided gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. For each combustion chamber geometry of GDI engine, the piston crown surface was modified, from hemispherical bowl, to trapezoidal bowl, and a pent roof shape that included a scoop type bowl on one side (towards injector position) to impart better squish, swirl, tumble, and turbulence effects to improve the mixing characteristics. Also, the cylinder heads were modified for each combustion chamber geometry by changing the locations of the spark plug and fuel injector. Further, the fuel split injection timings with duration, ignition timing, and the percentage of exhaust gas recirculation were optimized to reduce an engine out emissions; especially soot and nitrogen oxides. Emission tests were conducted on the base diesel engine and the GDI engine with the three different combustion chamber geometries. It is clear from the results that the emission of nitrogen oxides in the wall-guided mode was reduced by 5% till 75% of the load when compared with spray-guided and air-guided combustion modes. Overall, the GDI engine with the wall-guided combustion chamber geometry produced better results at 150 bar fuel injection pressure when compared with the base diesel engine; nitrogen oxides emission was reduced from 377 to 77 ppm and soot emissions were reduced from 29.3 to 4.5 g/km at high torque.
Anomaly detection from mass unspecific jet tagging
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a novel anomaly search method based on (i) jet tagging to select interesting events, which are less likely to be produced by background processes; (ii) comparison of the untagged and tagged samples to single out features (such as bumps produced by the decay of new particles) in the latter. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method by applying it to a final state with two massive boosted jets: for the new physics benchmarks considered, the signal significance increases an order of magnitude, up to a factor of 40. We compare to other anomaly detection methods in the literature and discuss possible generalisations.
LA CONCEPTION D'UN MANUEL DE FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE : QUELLE(S) ENTRÉE(S) ?
Authors: Tigchelaar Sonia Magdalena 
Published: February 2022

Cet article a pour but de présenter une analyse de la conception des manuels pour l’enseignement/apprentissage de Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) conçus dans la perspective dite « actionnelle » à partir d’une étude du manuel Le Nouveau Taxi 1, édité par Hachette en 2009, que nous utilisons dans un cours de français élémentaire pour des étudiants universitaires. Selon les auteurs, cet ouvrage se base sur la perspective actionnelle, qui voit l’apprenant comme un acteur social qui « agit socialement avec la langue-culture étrangère » (Conseil de l’Europe, 2001). Cette approche se distingue de celles qui la précèdent parce qu’elle met l’accent sur la réalisation des tâches qui se rapprochent de la vie réelle en plus des tâches de « pré-communication pédagogique » et des tâches « pédagogiques communicatives » (Rosen, 2009). Basés sur la notion clé proposée par Puren (2005), les entrées didactiques, nous présenterons l’entrée par l’action, qui correspond à la perspective actionnelle, ainsi que les entrées qui l’ont précédée. Nous verrons par la suite quelles entrées ont été choisies par les auteurs du Nouveau Taxi 1 pour créer les unités didactiques et à quelle(s) méthodologie(s) elles correspondent.
"MICROMÈGAS" : LA RÉVOLUTION PAR L’HUMOUR
Authors: Leal Rigonato Marcia Christina 
Published: February 2022

En considérant l’interprétation de l’esprit du Siècle des Lumières par Ernst Cassirer et les théories du rire par Henri Bergson, nous nous proposons d'analyser, dans cet article, quelques aspects du rire chez Voltaire à partir de l’étude de l’utilisation des figures de rhétorique dans son conte Micromégas.
LÁGRIMAS DE ARREPENDIMENTO DE UMA JOVEM CATIVA NAS PRISÕES DE LYON QUE MATOU SEU FILHO
Authors: Viegas Rafael 
Published: February 2022

A cena da jovem mãe presa numa masmorra em Lyon no início do século XVII por ter morto seu filho recém-nascido é uma imagem poderosa, e ela serve de fundamento a essas Lágrimas de Arrependimento apresentadas abaixo – um dos inúmeros canards (folhetins) de faits divers que circularam na França entre 1540 e 1650.
JARDIN D’HIVER – CIRCULATION CULTURELLE ENTRE L’EUROPE ET LE BRESIL D’UNE GUERRE MONDIALE A L’AUTRE (1914-1950)
Authors: Sauthier Etienne Alexandro 
Published: February 2022

Résumé : La première moitié du XXème siècle, marquée par deux Guerres mondiales et une crise économique internationale, est un moment de profonde mutation du rapport culturel entre l’Europe et les pays d’Amérique latine. Si ces derniers ne sont pas vus comme engagés de manière majeure dans les conseils mondiaux (bien que le Brésil joue un rôle mineur dans la Première Guerre mondiale et envoie un corps expéditionnaire en Italie lors de la Seconde) ils n’en vivent pas moins ce moment et sont touchés par le contexte, alors que la crise économique des années 1930 les frappe de plein fouet. L’étude de la circulation culturelle en temps de guerre ou de crise, entre un continent, un espace et l’autre, du maintient ou de la disparition de celle-ci et des modalités qui régissent la manière dont elle se produit est un bon indicateur de la manière dont évolue, en Amérique latine, le rapport à l’ancienne matrice culturelle européenne durant la période.
CARICATURE ET IDEAL AU XIXe SIECLE : LE CLUB DES ECRIVAINS-JOURNALISTES
Authors: Dziub Nikol 
Published: February 2022

L’écrivain-journaliste romantique se trouve dans une position ambiguë et inconfortable, puisqu’il doit satisfaire aux exigences de la presse sans trahir son Idéal littéraire. Consécutivement à l’ « industrialisation de la littérature » (Sainte-Beuve), l’ « obésité » (Gautier) aussi bien verbale que physique devient la norme chez les écrivains (souvent feuilletonistes) en proie à la démesure.Pour concilier l’inconciliable, le journalisme et la littérature, plusieurs voies se signalent : la caricature – mais elle est toujours à double-tranchant, le caricaturiste courant le risque d’être caricaturé, et l’Idéal étant tourné en dérision comme le ridicule ; les dîners d’écrivains – mais ils sont plus propices à la réflexion qu’à la création ; le voyage – mais le feuilleton viatique empêche l’écrivain de se libérer entièrement du joug éditorial, et la quête de la matière journalistique fait concurrence à la recherche des motifs poétiques ; l’ironie – mais elle n’est qu’un remède palliatif. Restent les drogues, qui permettent, le temps du moins d’une vision ou d’une hallucination, de se déprendre des contingences matérielles et de répondre aux demandes de l’esprit poétique et de l’âme musicienne.