bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano-copper Supplementation Increases Superoxide dismutase and Catalase Gene Expression Profiles and Concentration of antioxidants and immune variables in Sahiwal heifers
Authors: Kushwaha Raju , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Muneendra , Vaswani Shalini , Kumar Avinash , Choudhury Soumen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inorganic and nano copper (Cu) supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) gene expression, antioxidant status and immune response in growing Sahiwal heifers. Twenty four Sahiwal heifers were allocated at random into four groups of six heifers in each groups and fed for 120 days. Feeding regimen was similar in all the groups except that treatment groups were supplemented with 0.0 mg Cu, 10.0 mg inorganic Cu, 5.0 and 10.0 mg of nano Cu per kg dry matter (DM) in four respective groups. Feed intake and growth performance were similar in growing Sahiwal heifers fed on basal diet with or without supplemental Cu. Antioxidative variables like SOD, CAT, ceruloplasmin (Cp), total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were found higher in Cu supplemented groups than control. Variables like malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were found lower in treatment groups than control. Total immunoglobulins (total Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were higher in treatment groups than control. Although, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was similar in all groups. There were upregulation of mRNA expression of SOD and CAT genes in experimental animals fed on Cu supplemented diet while mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes were not altered by dietary treatment. The results suggest that level of 5 ppm nano Cu can be selected for feeding in growing cattle as it exerts similar effects as showed by 10 ppm inorganic Cu.
A Novel Design of Low Power, Modified Pre-charge free Binary CAM Array with Pre-computation for Search-Intensive Applications
Authors: K Gavaskar , N Surendar , S Thrisali , M Vishal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Memory is a storage space that is essential for storing the repetitive data and the instructions to perform an operation. In modern processors speed has been increased significantly but memory enhancements are mainly focusing on the ability to store more data in less space and to reduce the latency. Content Addressable Memory (CAM) cells are preferred over SRAM cells as they are faster and gives the address of the matched data whereas SRAM uses address to access particular data. The circuit of Modified Pre-charge free CAM cell proposed in this paper is made up of basic 6T SRAM cell (2 cross-coupled inverters and 2 access transistors) and separate comparison circuit (1 PMOS and 1 NMOS transistor). The 8X8 memory array consists of memory cells, row and column decoders, encoder, pre-charge circuits, sense amplifiers and write driver circuits. The various parameters like delay, dynamic power and power delay product are measured and compared with other CAM cells. CADENCE Virtuoso Tool is used for designing the various circuits in 90 nm technology. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested CAM cell outperforms other cells, hence it is employed to create the array structure. The 8X8 CAM array based on MPF CAM cell has less power and less delay when compared with other array structures.
A Spatio-temporal Bayesian model to estimate risk and evaluate factors related to Tuberculosis in Chongqing, China, 2014-2020
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yi , Deng Xin-Yi , Zou Yang , He Ying , Chen Sai-Juan , Wang Qiu-Ting , Xing Dian-Guo , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from bacterial pathogens worldwide. The World Health Organization report on TB in 2020 showed that China had the second-highest burden of TB in the world. The average level of TB cases in Chongqing was higher than that of the whole country and the rate of decline was slower than that of the whole country from 2010 to 2015. we aimed to explore the spatial cluster of different populations' risk of TB and identify the factors associated with TB and provide a reference for the prevention and control of TB.
Methods
We applied a Bayesian Spatio-temporal model to estimate the TB risk of different populations in Chongqing and analyze the influencing factors of TB risk.
Results
a total of 170934 TB cases (confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases) were reported by the Chongqing Provincial Center of Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention Information System from 2014 to 2020. The incidence rate per 100000 people showed a downward trend from 2014 (82.81/100000) to 2020 (70.19/100000). According to the minimum deviation information criterion (DIC), the Bayesian Spatio-temporal model with spatial effect, temporally effect, and Spatio-temporal interaction was selected as the best model. A downward trend in the relative risk (RR) of TB was observed during the study period, and there was a large difference in the relative risk of different districts and populations. After adding environmental and socio-economic variables to the analysis, We found that SO2(µg/m3), urbanization rate (UR)(%), the proportion of people engaged in agriculture (PEIA) (%), and the low-income group per 1000 non-agricultural households (LINA per 1000) had significant effects on the risk of TB.
Conclusion
This study found spatial clustering of TB incidence risk in the northeast and southeast Chongqing. The high-risk groups were mainly women and the elderly, who were most affected by poverty. Urbanization showed a positive effect on TB risk in the female and young population. Using this information, decision-makers may want to implement focused interventions for the control and prevention of TB in high-risk districts and populations.
Intubation using video laryngeal mask airway SaCoVLM and laryngeal mask airway Ambu® Aura-i in anesthetized children with microtia:a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhi Juan , yan fu-xia , Wei Ling-Xin , Yang Dong , Deng Xiao-Ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: The Ambu Aura-i laryngeal mask is considered a device for blind intubation as well as for fibreoptic guided intubation.The novel SaCoVLM video laryngeal airway is a supraglottic airway device that allows intubation under direct vision.We hypothesized that success rates for device placement and tracheal intubation with SaCoVLM would be comparable with Ambu Aura-i. Methods:A prospective,randomized clinical trial from March 2021 to December 2021.One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled and randomized in the study.Direct intubation was performed with SaCoVLM and fibreoptic guided intubation was performed with Ambu Aura-i.Primary outcome measure was first success rate of LMA placement. Secondary outcome measures were the time to device placement and time to endotracheal intubation as well as the time for LMA removal after successful intubation, differences in airway leak pressure, the fiberoptic grade of laryngeal view, and the incidence of blood stain. Results: The first success rate of LMA placement was similar with the two devices.The time for successful endotracheal intubation was no difference in group Ambu Aura-i and group SaCoVLM (24.1s±6.3 versus 25.7s±2.1; p＞0.05 ). The time for removal was slower in group SaCoVLM than group Ambu Aura-i(20.8s±0.8 versus 14.7s±6.1; p＜0.01 ). The airway leak pressure was higher in group SaCoVLM than group Ambu Aura-i (27.0s±1.0 versus 22.3 s±3.6; p＜0.01 ),the incidence of blood stain is higher in group SaCoVLM (16.7%).Conclusion:The SaCoVLM has an overall comparable performance as Ambu Aura-i. However, SaCoVLM is better in direct intubation without the assistance of flexible intubation scope, Which reduced the devices demand.
U-Shaped association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Jeon You Hyun , Jeon Yena , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Cho Jang-Hee , Lim Jeong-Hoon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a marker of inflammation and predictor of mortality in a variety of diseases. However, the effectiveness of PLR as a predictor of mortality in patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is uncertain. We evaluated the association between PLR and mortality in critically ill patients with severe AKI who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).
Methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort study, and a total of 1044 patients with AKI who underwent CRRT in Kyungpook National University Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. The study subjects were divided into quintiles according to the PLR at CRRT initiation. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between PLR and mortality.
Results
PLR was associated with in-hospital mortality in a non-linear manner, showing a higher mortality rate at both ends of the PLR. The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed the highest mortality rates with the first and fifth quintiles, while the lowest mortality rate occurred with the third quintile. Compared with the third quintile (the lowest mortality rate group), the first (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.62, P < 0.001) and fifth (aHR, 1.60, 95% CI 1.18–2.18, P = 0.002) quintiles of PLR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality. The first and fifth quintiles showed a consistently increased risk of 30-day and 90-day mortality compared with the third quintile. In the subgroup analysis, lower and higher PLRs were predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with older age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.
Conclusion
Both the lower and higher PLRs were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI who underwent CRRT. Thus, the PLR may be a useful and easily accessible prognostic indicator for patients with severe AKI.
A GPU-based computational framework that bridges Neuron simulation and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Yichen , He Gan , Liu Xiaofei , Hjorth J.J.Johannes , Kozlov Alexander , He Yutao , Zhang Shenjian , Ma Lei , Kotaleski Jeanette , Tian Yonghong , Grillner Sten , Du Kai , Huang Tiejun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biophysically detailed multi-compartment models are powerful tools to explore computational principles of the brain and also serve as a theoretical framework to generate algorithms for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the expensive computational cost severely limits the applications in both the neuroscience and AI fields. The major bottleneck during simulating detailed compartment models is the ability of a simulator to solve large systems of linear equations. Here, we present a novel Dendritic Hierarchical Scheduling (DHS) method to markedly accelerate such process. We theoretically prove that the DHS implementation is computationally optimal and accurate. This GPU-based method performs at 2-3 orders of magnitude higher speed than that of the classic serial Hines method in the conventional CPU platform. We build a DeepDendrite framework, which integrates the DHS method and the GPU computing engine of the NEURON simulator and demonstrate applications of DeepDendrite in neuroscience and AI tasks. We investigated how spatial patterns of spine inputs affects neuronal excitability in a detailed human pyramidal neuron model with 25,000 spines; and examined how dendrites protect morphologically detailed neural networks against adversarial attacks in typical image classification tasks.
First report of autochthonous canine leishmaniosis in Hong Kong
Authors: Sandy Jeanine Rhoda , Matthews Anthony , Nachum-Biala Yaarit , Baneth Gad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Canine leishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Infected dogs represent the main domestic reservoir of the parasite for both human and animal transmission. Methods: Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in a kennel of eight dogs in Hong Kong, of which four had cutaneous lesions. All eight dogs were tested serologically by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Leishmania ribosomal operon internal transcribed spacer 1 and the kinetoplast minicircle on blood and tissues, followed by DNA sequencing. Results: One dog which never left Hong Kong was seropositive for Leishmania infantum and diagnosed with cutaneous and systemic disease with detection of tissue amastigotes by cytology, and positive blood and spleen PCR for L. infantum. Leishmania amastigotes were seen within inflamed nasal and skin samples from this dog. Another kennel dog imported from the USA which developed cutaneous lesions prior to the local dog, was confirmed as infected by L. infantum by PCR and skin histopathology. All other kennel dogs were negative on serology and PCR and no amastigotes were identified in the skin lesions from the additional two dogs with skin disease. Treatment of allopurinol administered to both clinically affected dogs with leishmaniosis resulted in clinical recovery.Conclusions: A dog from the USA introduced into a Hong Kong kennel was detected as clinically affected by leishmaniosis followed by the development of the disease in a local kennel dog which never left Hong Kong. Both dogs responded well to long term therapy and none of the six in contact dogs showed evidence of being infected. As there are no known suitable sand fly vectors of leishmaniosis reported in Hong Kong, horizontal or vertical transmission is suspected to be responsible for disease transmission. As L. infantum causes human and canine disease, and dogs serve as reservoirs for human infection, attention should be paid to the possibility of visceral leishmaniosis emerging in Hong Kong.
Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis: Epidemiological Aspects and Surveillance Indicators in Kankan Health Regional
Authors: KARINKAN BERETE , ANSOUMANE BERETE 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since September 2015, Guinea has experienced the vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 epidemic. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and factors associated with AFP cases and analyse surveillance performance indicators. Methods: This is a descriptive historical study covering the period from January 1th to December 31th, 2016 among children under the age of 15 of Kankan regional health directorate, Guinea. The data collection is done based on the existing documents review. Results: 200 cases of AFP were notified during the study period. 59.5% of the children are male with an average of 3.5 years. 60.5% of patients had received 3 or more doses compared to 15.5% who had never received polio vaccine. Malaria was the most probable cause about 39% of AFP cases. The clinical picture is classic, fever is associated with 65.5% of cases and it evolved in 3 days in 75% of cases. The hospitalization rate is 53%. 72% of the samples came out negative. Three indicators did not achieve the expected objectives. Conclusion: The performance of the surveillance system needs to be improved for better sensitivity by both government staff and supporting partners, in order to avoid a new epidemic.
Controllable branching of robust response patterns in nonlinear mechanical resonators
Authors: Eriksson Axel , Shoshani Oriel , Shaw Steven , López Daniel , Czaplewski David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In lieu of active feedback control in complex systems over long timeframes, nonlinear dynamics offers solutions to generate long-term responses. This type of control has been proposed for use in resonators that exhibit a plethora of complex dynamic behaviors resulting from energy exchange between modes. However, the dynamic response and, ultimately, the ability to control the response of these systems remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a micromechanical resonator can generate diverse, robust dynamical responses that occur on a timescale five orders of magnitude larger than the external harmonic driving and these responses can be selected by inserting small pulses at specific branching points. We develop a theoretical model and experimentally show the ability to control these response patterns. This mechanical system and normal form model offer springboard concepts for understanding and control in more sophisticated systems such as neural dynamics, soft robotics, or fixed action patterns observed in animals.
High-throughput Pore-C reveals the single-allele topology polymorphism and cell type specificity of 3D genome folding
Authors: Xiao Chuan-Le , Zhong Jiayong , Niu Longjian , Lin Zhuobin , Bai Xin , Chen Ying , Luo Feng , Hou Chunhui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Canonical three-dimensional (3D) genome structures represent the ensemble average of pairwise chromatin interactions but not the single-allele topologies in populations of cells. Recently developed Pore-C can capture multiway chromatin contacts that reflect regional topologies of single chromosomes. By carrying out high-throughput Pore-C, we reveal extensive but regionally restricted clusters of single-allele topologies that aggregate into canonical 3D genome structures in two human cell types. We show that fragments in multicontact reads generally coexist in the same TAD, while a concurrent significant proportion of multicontact reads span multiple compartments of the same chromatin type over megabase distances. Synergistic chromatin looping between multiple sites in multicontact reads is extremely rare compared to pairwise interactions. Interestingly, the single-allele topology clusters are cell type-specific even inside highly conserved TADs in different types of cells. In summary, HiPore-C enables global characterization of single-allele topologies at an unprecedented depth to reveal elusive genome folding principles.
Intrinsic neural timescales mediate the cognitive bias of self – Temporal integration in default-mode network
Authors: Wolman Angelika , Çatal Yasir , Wolff Annemarie , Scalabrini Andrea , Ahmadi Abdessadek El , Northoff Georg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Our perceptions and decisions are not always objectively correct as they are featured by a bias related to our self. What are the behavioral, neural, and computational mechanisms of such cognitive bias? Addressing this yet unresolved question, we here investigate whether the cognitive bias is related to temporal integration and segregation as mediated by the brain’s Intrinsic neural timescales (INT). Using Signal Detection Theory (SDT), we operationalize the cognitive bias by the Criterion C as distinguished from the sensitivity index d’. This was probed in a self-task based on morphed self- and other faces. Behavioral data demonstrate clear cognitive bias, i.e., Criterion C. This was related to the EEG-based INT as measured by the autocorrelation window (ACW) in especially the cortical midline structures (CMS) of the transmodal default-mode network (DMN) (as distinct from unimodal visual cortex). Finally, simulation of the same paradigm in a large-scale network model shows high degrees of temporal integration of temporally distinct inputs in CMS/DMN while temporal segregation predominates in visual cortex. Together, we demonstrate a key role of INT-based temporal integration in DMN including its relation to the brain’s uni-transmodal topographical organization in mediating the cognitive bias of our self.
WITHDRAWN: Computational study of flame characteristics and stability of a methane-air mixture in a cavity-stabilized burner for portable power applications
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flame propagation in microchannels is modeled using two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations with detailed multicomponent transport, gas-phase chemistry, heat loss through the wall, radical recombination at walls, and possible temperature discontinuity at the wall due to lack of thermal accommodation. Numerical simulations are conducted to gain insights into burner performance such as temperatures, reaction rates, and flames. The effects of inlet velocity, wall thermal conductivity, and heat transfer coefficient on flame stability are investigated. The factors affecting combustion characteristics and flame stability are determined. Design recommendations are provided. The results indicate that under certain conditions of preheating and insulation, methane-air flames are able to propagate in micro-channels. The near-entrance heat loss and radical quenching at the wall are key issues in controlling flame propagation in micro-channels. The choice of the wall material is crucial in terms of insulating and radical quenching properties, when designing cavity-stabilized burners. The inlet velocity of the mixture is a critical factor in assuring flame stability within the cavity-stabilized burner. There is a narrow range of inlet velocities that permit sustained combustion within the cavity-stabilized burner. Fast flows can cause blowout and slow flows can cause extinction. There exists an optimum inlet velocity for greatest flame stability. The thermal conductivity of the burner walls plays a vital role in flame stability. Improvements in flame stability are achievable by using walls with anisotropic thermal conductivity. Heat-insulating materials are favored to minimize external heat losses.
A systems approach to improving access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools in Odisha, India
Authors: Singh Chouhan Narendra , Oledzka Nielsen Monika , Singh Pratibha , Manchikanti Swathi , Pandey Vivek , Walters Jeffrey P. , Kadyan Karishma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As part of the humanitarian response to create an enabling environment for children at schools, and to contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 3, 4, and 6, UNICEF India envisages to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools. In 2019, UNICEF in partnership with the Government of Odisha rolled out a systems approach to WASH for 58,000 schools to improve equitable access to safe WASH facilities in schools and to address any gaps that may exist. Schools were assessed through a digital monitoring application and ranked on 39 benchmarks for WASH facilities and practices. Approximately 13,000 schools were ranked as 1 and 2 stars on a 5-star scale (with 5-star being the best), which necessitated structuring schedules for improvement throughout the year. The systems approach to strengthening key building blocks was followed through including advocacy for policy and planning, infrastructure improvement, leveraging finances, capacity building, behavior change, institutional strengthening, accountability, and monitoring. School Swachhata (cleanliness) Action Plans (SAPs) were developed for more than 5,000 schools, and necessary behavior change was encouraged by involving school management committees and by instituting child cabinets of student leaders as role models to promote positive WASH behaviors among others. The complex interconnection between stakeholders was assessed using the social network analysis to highlight the level of interaction and stakeholder roles that guided the success of the Odisha WASH program to guide future WASH in school programs in Odisha and other states in India. Overall, the study findings suggest that the Odisha WASH program's success is owed, in part, to a diverse and multi-layered coordination structure between the district, block, and community-level stakeholders.