bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technique for Rooting Sweet Potato Leaves1
Authors: Martin Franklin W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Callousing and rooting occur rapidly when young but nearly full-sized leaves of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] are planted in sterile sand, covered with a transparent chamber, and partially shaded. Rooted leaves show unusual growth phenomena including leaf enlargement, petiole swelling, and storage roots which may sprout and generate normal plants.
In Vitro Propagation of Sweet Cherry Cultivars
Authors: Snir Iona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the paper “In Vitro Propagation of Sweet Cherry Cultivars” by Iona Snir [HortScience 17(2): 192-193. 1982] corrections have been made to the experimental method. Page 193, line 8, should read “irradiance intensity of 40 μEm-2s-1” instead of “600 μW/cm2.”
Promotion of Shoot and Root Formation in Asparagus Vitro by Ancymidol1
Authors: Chin Chee-kok 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Asparagus officinalis L. was propagated by culturing single-node spear segments on Murashige and Skoog's medium. Incorporation of ancymidol in culture medium accelerated the production of plantlets, promoted development of stronger roots and shoots, and suppressed undesirable proliferation of callus.
Sensitivity and Symptomology of Marigold Cultivars Exposed to Acute Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Howe T. K. , Woltz S. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thirty-nine cultivars of marigold (Tagetes spp.) were exposed to sulfur dioxide to determine their relative sensitivity. Flowering plants were fumigated at 1 ppm SO2 for 4 hours or at 2 ppm SO2 for 2 hours. The average foliar injury for all leaves on individual plants ranged from 42.3% for ‘Crackerjack Mix’ at 2 ppm SO2 to 0.0% for ‘Cupid Yellow’ at 1 ppm SO2. Foliar necrosis appeared as a gray to white marginal and/or interveinal scorch 1 day after exposure. There was a tendency for interveinal necrosis to be near the midvein. The extra-floral nectaries which line the leaf margins of marigold were scorched in 15 of the 39 cultivars. This injury may be of diagnostic value. Sepals were very sensitive to SO2. Sepal injury appeared as a pinpoint scorch and as tip burn, and was apparent in some cultivars when no foliar injury occurred.
Propagation of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. by Leaf Cuttings1
Authors: Rob Seung Moon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Propagation of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ was accomplished with leaves detached from flowering shoot and placed in vermiculite at 21°C under a 17-hr photoperiod. Bulblet regeneration originated from the parenchymatous cells of the leaves followed by root formation.
Transportation and Distribution of Woody Ornamentals in Virginia1
Authors: Dœrer D. A. , Wright R. D. , Wick L. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most woody ornamentals purchased by Virginia retailers were ordered from states south of Virginia; 12% were purchased from West Coast growers. Of plants grown in Virginia, 43% were shipped to northeastern states and 46% were marketed within the state. Marketing plants in containers extended the traditional fall and spring marketing season of ball and burlapped plants. Most plant deliveries to retail outlets occurred from March to April and from August to September.
Promotion of Seed Germination in Table Beet by an Aqueous Seaweed Extract1
Authors: Wilczek Cheryl A. , Ng Timothy J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were soaked in either water or a 1% (v/v) solution of a seaweed extract prepared from members of species within the families Laminariaceae and Fucaceae (Cytex) prior to germination at 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°C. Germination of the seaweed extract-treated seeds was superior to that of the water controls at all temperatures except 25°. Promotion of germination was attributed to the known cytokinin-like properties of the extract.
Effects of Gibberellins A4+7 and 6-Benzylamino Purine on Fruit Set, Fruit Characteristics, Seed Content, and Storage Quality of ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Greene Duane W. , Lord William J. , Bramlage William J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spraying trees of ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with gibberellins A4+7 (GA4+7) + 6-benzyIamino purine (BA) plus 1000 ppm daminozide 17 days after full bloom increased fruit set as GA4+7 + BA concentrations increased from 0 to 100 ppm, but did not alter fruit size, shape, or quality at harvest. Increased poststorage development of senescent breakdown with increasing concentration of applied GA4+7 + BA was attributable to increased occurrence of seedless fruit. Responses to treatments appeared to be due primarily to the GA4+7 component and did not occur when GA4+7 + BA combination was applied after “June drop.” Fruit flesh calcium concentration declined as GA4+7 + BA concentration increased.
Influence of Gibberellic Acid and Effectiveness of Several Carriers on Growth of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Seedlings1
Authors: Muller Ismael A. , Young M. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Application of gibberellic acid to the stems of sour orange seedlings resulted in increased plant height, internode length, and stem diameter. Several spreader-sticker and antitranspirant products were equal to lanolin as effective carriers of gibberellic acid. Weekly applications of gibberellic acid were more effective than applications made at 3-week intervals.
Advances in Crop Horticulture in Europe
Authors: Klougart Asger 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The information about advances in the field of intensive plant growing has increased to such an extent that it is difficult to find enough time to read and digest it. I have been a member of ASHS for 25 years, and have read journals and tried to keep oriented about new developments and breakthroughs in the U.S. and in other leading horticultural countries.
International Movement of Cut Flowers
Authors: Staby George L. , Robertson Jerry L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There has been a substantial increase in the 1970s in the international movement of cut flowers and cuttings and to a lesser extent potted flowering and foliage plants (5, 6, 35, 58). This increase has been mainly related to the establishment of new production areas in Central and South America (especially Colombia), Israel, Kenya, and more recently, Mexico. Not all of the increased floral product movement in the 1970s was due to new production areas as established floral production centers in The Netherlands, Italy, and Canada have also increased their international floral trade activities.
Leaf Symptoms, Yield, and Composition of Mineral-deficient American Ginseng1
Authors: Stoltz Leonard P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a study of nutrient requirements of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) foliar deficiency symptoms of Ca occurred first, followed by those for Mg and P. N-deficiency symptoms occurred very gradually, and S-deficiency symptoms never appeared. Root fresh weight gain was most restricted by omission of either Ca, P, or Mg from the nutrient solution. Omission of S resulted in a root fresh weight gain equal to that obtained with complete nutrient solution.
Fertilizer Additives within or around the Gel for Fluid-drilled Cabbage and Lettuce1
Authors: Costigan P. A. , Locascio S. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three glasshouse experiments were conducted in which “starter” N, P, and K fertilizers were incorporated either within or below gel used for fluid sowing pregerminated seed of ‘Avondefiance’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and ‘Derby Day’ cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Addition of nutrients to the gel at salt concentrations between 384 and 1893 mg-ion/liter inhibited emergence of the pregerminated seeds. Additions to the gel at concentrations between 9 and 21 mg-ions/liter were too low to affect the growth of the plants. Nutrient solutions applied to the base of the furrow immediately prior to fluid drilling the seeds allowed higher concentrations of salts to be used without reducing emergence. Solutions that contained factorial combinations of 0.84 g/liter N, 1.86 g/liter P, and 2.34 g/liter K applied at the rate of 0.5 ml/cm of furrow increased lettuce dry matter production by up to 44% after 20 days growth, although there was no significant effect on the growth of cabbage. The increase in lettuce growth was mainly in response to P ‘starter’ fertilizer but the largest response was achieved with the N + P + K ‘starter’ treatment.
Comparisons of Sevin and Vydate for Thinning Apples1
Authors: Byers R. E. , Lyons C. G. , Horsburgh R. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vydate (oxamyl; methyl N’, N’ dimethyl-N[methylcarbamoyl) oxy]-l-thioox-amimidate) and Sevin (carbaryl; 1 napthyl-N-methyl carbamate) did not give significant thinning of ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) when applied as airblast treatments in 3 years of tests. Neither multiple applications nor the addition of a 70-sec superior spray oil gave significant thinning compared to untreated controls. Airblast treatments of these materials on ‘Golden Delicious’ were effective but were inadequate to reduce crop load to the desired level. The data suggest that Vydate and Sevin are inadequate as thinners if applied with airblast machines. Ethephon treatments caused erratic responses at the rates and timings used. Sevin applied for thinning caused an increase of European red mites and their eggs.
Observations of the Ripening and Harvest Indices at Commercial Harvest Dates of ‘Delicious’ Apple at its Extreme Northern Latitudes1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Maturity and ripening were observed in ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.) grown in 4 orchards at 51° to 54° north latitude in England. In 3 orchards located between 51° and 52°, the period of initiation of accelerated ethylene production (AEP) by individual apples occurred from about 145 through 175 days after bloom. The period from bloom to harvest was 164-165 days, at least 2 weeks longer than the comparable period at latitudes closer to the equator. At 54° latitude, the initiation of AEP did not start until 170 days after bloom; apples did not reach harvest maturity in that orchard.
Infestation of Some Malus Cultivars by the North Carolina Woolly Apple Aphid Biotype1
Authors: Young Eric , Rock G. C. , Zeiger D. C. , Cummins J. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seventeen Malus cultivars and 6 lines of open-pollinated seedlings were screened for susceptibility to attack by the woolly apple aphid (Erisoma lanigerum Hausmann) (WAA) indigenous to western North Carolina. Most cultivars with ‘Northern Spy’-derived resistance were susceptible to infestation by this WAA biotype, distinguishing it from WAA reported in other parts of the United States. Some cultivar resistance followed the pattern reported in New York, including high resistnce in Mailing Merton (MM) 106, MM 107, and MM 112. Robusta 5 [M. X robusta (Carr.) Rehd.] was not infested by either the North Carolina or the New York WAA biotypes.
Dehydration of Freeze-damaged Oranges1
Authors: Syvertsen J. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Freeze-damaged ‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were tightly covered with polyethylene bags while still on the tree, and their dehydration rates were compared to those of nonbagged fruit. The bags significantly reduced water loss from fruit over a period of 11 weeks after the freeze. After fruit were harvested and removed from the bags, previously bagged fruit had higher water loss rates than nonbagged fruit. These data indicate a significant amount of water in the fruit is lost through the peel after freeze damage has occurred. The dryness cut method did not quantitatively determine dehydration of freeze-damaged oranges.
Effect of Scale Planting Depth on Leaf and Shoot Emergence in Scale-propagated Easter Lily12
Authors: Matsuo E. , Arisumi K. , Ohmachi K. , Sakata Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Deeper scale plantings induced more epigeous type plants and fewer hypoepigeous and hypogeous types. Premature leaf and/or shoot development on the daughter axis of scale-propagated plantlets occurred much more on epigeous type plants than hypo-epigeous types. The deeper scale planting decreased the incidence of premature leaves and/or shoots.
The Use of Leaf Water Potential for Estimating the Effect of Seasonal Water Stress on Yields of Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Stanley C. D. , Harbaugh B. K. , Price J. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leaf water potential (LWP) data for cut-flower chrysanthemums (Crysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) collected from 5 different irrigation rate treatments throughout the growing season were compared to the final plant characteristics and yield in order to evaluate the usefulness of LWP for estimating water stress effects on ultimate yield. Significant treatment differences for LWP response measured during high evaporative demand periods were similar to treatment differences for yields and final plant characteristics. Treatment differences for LWP response measured during low evaporative demand periods were not significant and did not reflect the significant treatment differences for yields and final plant characteristics. Results indicate that LWP measurements vary with changes in atmospheric conditions, such as cloud cover, and are difficult to interpret relative to water stress effects on final plant characteristics. Plant growth parameters, such as height or growth rate, when monitored during the season, were found to be more adequate indicators of stress effects on final yield.
Chilling Injury of Silvernerve Plant1
Authors: McConnell D. B. , Ingram D. L. , Groga-Bada C. , Sheehan T. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Silvernerve plant (Fittonia verschaffeltii ssp. argyroneura Coem.), a chill-sensitive foliage plant, was subjected to 2°, 5°, and 8° ± 1°C for 0, 2, 4, or 8 hours. Chilling temperatues caused leaf wilt, inflorescence collapse and brown necrotic spots on the foliage. Severity of chill damage increased with temperature reduction and duration.
Response of Quercus shumardii Buckl. Seedlings to Nitrogen Form and Fertilization Rate in a Container Medium1
Authors: Ingram Dewayne L. , Joiner Jasper N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stem caliper and sum of lateral branch lengths of container-grown Quercus shumardii seedlings increased more in 13 months when fertilized with 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:0 (NH4:NO3) ratios than with 100% NO3-N, regardless of fertilization rate. Stem caliper increased as fertilization rate increased from 5.7 to 11.4 g N/container yr. Height was unaffected by NH4:NO3 ratio or fertilization rate. Chlorosis was evident on plants that received 50% or more NO3-N. Media pH decreased with increasing NH4- N, and leaf N concentration increased from 1.16% with 100% NO3-N to 1.57% with 100% NH4-N.
‘Charles Albanel’ and ‘Champlain’ Roses1
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Charles Albanel’ and ‘Champlain’ roses are new releases which are valuable because of winterhardiness not found in present garden roses. ‘Charles Albanel’ is a R. rugosa Thunb. hybrid. It combines hardiness with a long flowering season and is highly resistant to both blackspot and mildew. The vigorous, low shrub makes it suitable as a ground cover. ‘Champlain’ is a complex hybrid of R. kordesii Wulff, R. laxa Retz., and R. spinosissima L. It combines hardiness with prolific flower production throughout the growing season, and is a medium high shrub with attractive red flowers.
New Sources of Cold Hardiness for Citrus Breeding
Authors: Young Roger , Barrett Herbert C. , Hearn C. Jack , Hutchison Donald J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an assessment of natural hazards on world crop production, an average of more than $ 100 million per year is lost in the continental United States due to freeze damage to 22 major crops. The greatest loss is in citrus production and amounts to about one-third of the national average. A severe freeze occurred in 1962 which cost Florida more than one-third of its total production, in excess of 10 million boxes (41 kg.) of fruit and onefourth of its 52 million trees. Similar losses occurred again in 1977 and, most recently, in 1981 and 1982. These losses impact negatively not only on the present and future economic stability of an industry, but also in meeting the dietary needs (supply and nutrition) of an expanding world population, which is facing ever-increasing uncertainties in adequate nutrition and subsistence levels.
Evaluation of Sprinkler Application Rate Models Used in Frost Protection1
Authors: Perry Katharine B. , Morrow C. Terry , Jarrett Albert R. , Martsolf J. David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two related sprinkler application rate models used in frost protection, published in the mid-1960s, are shown to include an assumption leading to the erroneous conclusion that humidity does not affect the determination of the application rate. A third, 1981 model documents the effect humidity has on the application rate calculation. A distribution factor accounting for nonuniform application is described.
Accelerated Flower Initiation and Flowering of Dutch Iris after Postharvest Treatment with Ethephon1
Authors: Swart A. , Schipper J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The bulbous iris (Iris X hollandica Hoog cv. Ideal) flowered earlier and more uniformly and produced a higher percentage of blooms after a postharvest dip in a solution of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon). The earlier flowering appears to be due to uniformly completed flower formation during storage after ethephon treatment.
Preemergence Herbicide Effects on Four Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars1,2
Authors: Christians N. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three preemergence herbicides [S-(0, 0-Diisopropyl phosphorodithioate) ester of N-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) at 8.4 and 15.7 kg/ha, Dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) at 11.8 and 16.8 kg/ha, and 2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4 dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2l,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one (oxadiazon) at 2.2, 4.5, and 9 kg/ha] were applied to plugs of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cvs. Baron, Enmundi, Newport, and Park) in the greenhouse. Bensulide and oxadiazon reduced root weight, but there were no cultivar differences. Cultivar differences in response to oxadiazon were observed for rhizome weight, rhizome length, and turfgrass quality, with ‘Newport’ and ‘Baron’ damaged more by oxadiazon than ‘Park’ and ‘Enmundi’. There were no cultivar differences in rhizome weight, rhizome length, and quality in response to bensulide or DCPA.
Influence of Soil Temperature in Greenhouse Tomato Production1
Authors: Trudel Marc-J. , Gosselin Andre 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An increase in soil temperature from 14.0 to 21.8°C increased total yield of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Vendor) by 47% in the spring under warm air temperature conditions, but a rise in soil temperature from 13.8 to 20.5° increased tomato yield by only 5% in the fall. Under plastic tunnel conditions (low air temperature), heating soil increased total yields by 36% in the spring and 42% in the fall.
Biochemical Changes during Development and Ripening of Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica L.)1
Authors: Hernández-Unzon H. Y. , Lakshminarayana S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Proximate biochemical changes in tamarind fruit from fruit-set through maturity and ripening are reported. Of the chemical constituents examined, total acidity, sugars, and alcohol-insoluble materials increased slowly up to 29 weeks (stages 1 and 2) and then increased rapidly during ripening (stage 3). Moisture content of the fruit increased slowly in the beginning and then decreased rapidly during ripening. Total ash and pectin gradually increased in the peel but decreased in the pulp during ripening. Total phenolics increased in the peel and decreased in the pulp. Ascorbic acid content was inconsistent. However, it was evident that changes in chemical constituents taking place during stages 1 and 2 were distinct from those of stage 3. The spectacular changes in acidity, sugars, and alcohol-insoluble materials during ripening were closely related to the changes in the moisture content of the fruit.
The Effect of Density and Postplanting Fertilization on Response of Lettuce to CO2 Enrichment1
Authors: Peet M. M. , Willits D. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Parris Island Cos and Great Lakes 659) were grown in greenhouses at 2 spacings and with 2 levels of postplanting fertilization with and without CO2 enrichment. CO2 enriched plants averaged 29% higher head fresh weights and 40% higher leaf areas. In terms of fresh weight increases, enrichment response was greater in ‘Great Lakes 659’ than ‘Parris Island Cos’ and in high rather than low fertility treatments. In terms of leaf area increases, low-density treatments responded more than high-density treatments to enrichment. Increases in leaf area with enrichment were similar in the 2 cultivars and the 2 fertilization treatments.
Mycorrhizal Distribution in Florida Rabbiteye Blueberries1
Authors: Jacobs Lee A. , Davies Frederick S. , Kimbrough James M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) plantations of different ages were surveyed in north Florida to determine the type and extent of mycorrhizal colonization. Ascocarps of an ectendomycorrhizal fungus, Elaphomyces persoonii Vitt., were found attached to the root of V. fuscatum Ait., a common wild blueberry. This fungus was identical morphologically to that isolated from roots of rabbiteye blueberry. Mycorrhizal colonization was greatest at the 8- and 18-year-old plantations, where at least 50% of the roots were colonized, and least at the 4-year-old planting and on 2-year-old bushes in the nursery. The greatest number of ascocarps was found in the wild near the most heavily colonized plantation. Soil P was highest at the 4-year-old and lowest at the 18-year-old planting. No monthly variation in the amount of mycorrhizal colonization was observed thoughout the year at the oldest site. Inoculum potential of ectendomycorrhizal fungi in the surrounding land, age of the planting, and P content of the soil appear to influence the extent of colonization of cultivated rabbiteye blueberry.
Bench-grafting of Pecan1
Authors: Gustafson W. A. , Storey J. B. , Shreve L. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] was successfully bench-grafted by using a whip and tongue technique but success varied by cultivar and rootstock combinations. Polarity of root piece (piece-root grafts) had no significant influence on compatability.
Comparison of Sweet Orange Quality in Diverse Tropical Climates of Bolivia1
Authors: Scorza Ralph , Janicki L. , Wiltbank W. J. , Rojas M. , Aliaga F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit of seedling sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] were sampled for 3 consecutive years in 3 tropical zones of Bolivia: the Chapare, a hot, wet, lowland area; the Yungas, a high-elevation drier region; and Caranavi, mid-range in elevation and climate. Fruit were generally of commercially acceptable quality by U.S. standards based upon measurements of weight, size, rind thickness, seediness, juice volume and percent, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), and TSS/TTA ratio. Significant differences in quality were associated with area; fruit from the Chapare and Caranavi were larger, heavier, and lower in TSS than those from the Yungas.
‘Emerald’ Asparagus1
Authors: Peirce L. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Emerald’ asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a new cultivar well-adapted to northern states. It is intended for fresh market use, where the bright green spears provide an attractive alternative to typical asparagus showing anthocyanin at both spear base and tip. Quality appears to be equal to that of commonly used ‘Mary Washington’ and ‘Viking’, but winter survival and yield in young plantings have been superior.