bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Disease Burden of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hunan Province, China in 2018
Authors: Han Linzhi , Tang Tao , Lin Ying , Shi Jingcheng , Zhong Hua , Chen Mengshi , Deng Jing , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hunan Province is a region in China with a high prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). The objective of this observational study was to assess the disease burden of PICH.

Methods
We searched the Hunan Provincial Health Statistics Direct Reporting and Decision Analysis System to retrieve PICH inpatient and outpatient data and all-population all-cause deaths in Hunan Province in 2018. DisMod II was used to estimate the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to PICH in 2018.

Results
In 2018, 30,400 new PICH cases were recorded in Hunan Province. The incidence was higher among men (51.6 per 100,000) than women (29.3 per 100,000). The DALYs due to PICH were 478,000 patient-years, the years of life lost (YLLs) were 452,000 patient-years and the years lived with disability (YLDs) were 27,000 patient-years. In 2018, the rate of DALYs due to PICH was 6.4 patient-years per 1000 individuals, the rate of YLLs was 6.1 patient-years per 1000 individuals, and the rate of YLDs was 0.3 patient-years per 1000 individuals.

Conclusion
We estimated the DALYs due to PICH in Hunan Province in 2018, thereby providing relevant data for the development of policies and measures for the management of PICH disease burden.
Extended GOSIM: MPS‐Driven Simulation of 3D Geological Structure Using 2D Cross‐Sections
Authors: Hou Weisheng , Liu Hengguang , Zheng Tiancheng , Chang Hui , Xiao Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the past two decades, algorithms for multiple‐point statistics (MPS) have been applied in many fields. However, 3D training datum or data (TD) is difficult to be obtained. Two‐dimensional geological cross‐sections from boreholes or geophysical data with high reliability are usually used to explain geological phenomena and are relatively easier to be acquired. In this study, a step‐wise algorithm that combines sequential process and global optimization is presented. Constructing 3D TD set and corresponding pattern databases that extended from 2D cross‐sections at each scale is one of the key steps after presetting the simulation parameters. The following step is constructing an initial model at the coarsest scale with the pattern databases. The iterative Expectation Maximum‐like (EM‐like) optimization process is implemented to obtain the final realization. Each iteration is conducted with a multiscale strategy. Simulation examples of the regional geological structures show that the stratigraphic sequence can be reasonably kept and reproduced. Also, the randomness and effectiveness of the microstructure model are verified by calculating the proportion of grains, fractal dimension and the curve of two‐point connectivity probability function.
Asymmetric Development of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed at Geomagnetically Conjugate Points Over the Brazilian Sector
Authors: Barros D. , Takahashi H. , Wrasse C. M. , Carrasco A. J. , Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Inoue Junior M. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGround‐based global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers have been used to monitor the meridional (north‐south) development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) at geomagnetically conjugate points over the Brazilian sector. EPBs were studied using detrended total electron content plots obtained from Boa Vista (MLat: 9.6°N), Itacoatiara (MLat: 3.3°N), Colíder (MLat: 5.0°S), and Cuiabá (MLat: 8.8°S) GNSS receivers. All GNSS receivers are located approximately under the same magnetic meridian. 655 nights with EPBs occurrence were analyzed using data from January 2012 to February 2016. In 459 nights (∼70%) the EPBs presented a symmetric development with respect to the geomagnetic equator. However, in 196 nights (∼30%) the EPBs presented an apparent asymmetry. The asymmetries are characterized as a displacement of the EPBs to north (or south) of the geomagnetic equator. The highest north (south) asymmetry occurrence was observed during December to January (March to April and September to October), and lowest during March to April and August to September (December to January). To investigate these asymmetries, we analyzed meridional wind data and used a numerical model to simulate the EPBs evolution. Both meridional wind data and numerical simulation results suggested that a trans‐equatorial meridional wind blowing to north (south) would be able to cause a displacement of the EPBs to north (south) of the geomagnetic equator.
Tracking Wildfires With Weather Radars
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Donohoe Amanda , Roberts Matthew , Ebrahimian Hamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is a need for nowcasting tools to provide timely and accurate updates on the location and rate of spread (ROS) of large wildfires, especially those impacting communities in the wildland urban interface. In this study, we demonstrate how fixed‐site weather radars can be used to fill this gap. Specifically, we develop and test a radar‐based fire‐perimeter tracking tool that leverages the tendency for local maxima in the radar reflectivity to be collocated with active fire perimeters. Reflectivity maxima are located using search radials from points inside a fire polygon, and perimeters are updated at intervals of ∼10 min. The algorithm is tested using publicly available Next Generation Weather Radar radar data for two large and destructive wildfires, the Camp and Bear Fires, both occurring in northern California, USA. The radar‐based fire perimeters are compared with available, albeit limited, satellite and airborne infrared observations, showing good agreement with conventional fire‐tracking tools. The radar data also provide insights into fire ROS, revealing the importance of long‐range spotting in generating ROS that exceeds conventional estimates. One limitation of this study is that high‐resolution fire perimeter validation data are sparsely available, precluding detailed error quantification for the radar estimates drawn from samples spanning a range of environmental conditions and radar configurations. Nevertheless, the radar tracking approach provides the basis for improved situational awareness during high‐impact fires.
Geomorphic Controls on Floodplain Connectivity, Ecosystem Services, and Sensitivity to Climate Change: An Example From the Lower Missouri River
Authors: Jacobson Robert B. , Bouska Kristen L. , Bulliner Edward A. , Lindner Garth A. , Paukert Craig P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFloodplains of large rivers are exploited for agricultural production, industrial and municipal development, and transportation infrastructure. Recently, increased frequency of costly floods has prompted consideration of whether offsetting benefits might accrue from management of floodplains for ecosystem services. We employed a simple inundation model for 800 km of the Lower Missouri River, USA, to evaluate spatial and temporal distributions of ecological floodplain inundation metrics and how those distributions might vary with levee removal and climatic change. The model evaluates inundation at 30 × 30 m resolution on a daily basis over 82 years of record. We quantified provisioning of waterfowl habitat and potential denitrification. Spatial variability is affected by ongoing geomorphic adjustments that affect floodplain connectivity. Statistical models indicate that available floodplain area and recent aggradation are predictive of most inundation metrics. Connectivity is sensitive to climate‐change scenarios that predict increased floodplain inundation during spring waterfowl migrations; the greatest sensitivity to future climate exists where channel‐floodplain geomorphology presently enhances floodplain connectivity. Evaluation of floodplain denitrification indicates that on average, the nonleveed part of the floodplain could denitrify 0.05%–1.7% of the mean annual nitrogen load of the river. Levee removal could increase this rate to only 3.6% of the nitrogen load. The capacity of floodplain connectivity to influence certain ecosystem services is highly variable in space along the Lower Missouri River and may be appreciably influenced by climate change. Hence, decisions to optimize management of large‐river floodplains are likely to be highly location dependent.
Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California
Authors: Reznik A. , Dinar A. , Bresney S. , Forni L. , Joyce B. , Wallander S. , Bigelow D. , Kan I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (or intentional recharge) is a purposeful human intervention designed to supplement natural enrichment processes of groundwater aquifers by various methods. It holds the potential to mitigate the impact of climate uncertainty on irrigated agriculture by restoring storage levels in depleted aquifers, the economic value of which increases during droughts. We use a high‐resolution dynamic regional hydroeconomic framework that endogenizes farming decisions in response to water quantity‐quality changes, as well as complex hydrogeological principles to analyze several institutional designs and climate scenarios applied to the Kings Groundwater Basin in California. Our analysis demonstrates that intentional recharge is of high benefit to the region, potentially increasing average groundwater levels in the region by 20% over a 20 year horizon. Additionally, we show how this practice could become the subject of second‐best arrangements among water users in the region in view of property rights to groundwater derived from recent legislation in California, thus increasing its materialization potential. However, we also find that the quantity recharged is sensitive to climate conditions and hydrological properties.
Development of a Joint Probabilistic Rainfall‐Runoff Model for High‐to‐Extreme Flow Projections Under Changing Climatic Conditions
Authors: Li Kailong , Huang Guohe , Wang Shuo , Razavi Saman , Zhang Xiaoyue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models have been widely used for hydrological simulation. Previous studies have reported that conventional ML models fail to accurately simulate extreme flows which are crucial for design flood estimation and associated risk analysis in the context of climate change. Therefore, this study proposes a joint probabilistic rainfall‐runoff model (JPRR) for improving high‐to‐extreme flow projection. With the aid of paired copula constructions, bootstrap aggregation, and multi‐model ensemble approaches, the proposed model is able to effectively characterize the dependence relationships of predictors (i.e., precipitation time series with different moving sums) with various probability distributions. JPRR has been applied to four pristine basins in China, representing different climate zones and landscapes. The results reveal that JPRR significantly outperforms three well‐known ML models (i.e., random forest, artificial neural networks, and long short‐term memory) in high‐to‐extreme flow simulations. In JPRR, the copulas exhibiting the right tail dependence play a more important role in streamflow simulations at mountainous basins. Moreover, a significant difference in streamflow projections (from 2030 to 2099) derived from JPRR and benchmark models imply that flood risks from conventional ML models may be underestimated under changing climatic conditions.
Power Line Harmonic Radiation Observed by the Van Allen Probes Spacecraft
Authors: Němec F. , Santolík O. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a systematic analysis of Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR) electromagnetic wave events observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft over the entire duration of the mission (2012–2019). PLHR events are radiated by electric power systems on the ground at harmonics of the base power system frequency (50 or 60 Hz, depending on the region). We analyze wave intensities at frequencies corresponding to the first few harmonics and we demonstrate that they are significantly enhanced at the times when the field‐aligned magnetic footprint of the spacecraft is above industrialized areas. Considering the spacecraft locations close to the equatorial plane, this represents experimental evidence that PLHR emissions may propagate up to radial distances as large as about 4 Earth radii. Average frequency spectra above selected industrialized regions reveal increased wave intensities at the frequencies corresponding to the first and the third harmonics, in particular during the nighttime. Multicomponent wave measurements allow us to perform a detailed wave analysis of polarization and propagation properties of the events. The waves are typically right‐handed elliptically or nearly circularly polarized, propagating with oblique wave normal angles from low latitude sources and more field‐aligned wave vectors from high latitude sources. The sign of the parallel component of the Poynting flux confirms that the events indeed propagate from the anticipated ground regions. Few events observed above the United States region propagate in the opposite direction, which is interpreted as wave bouncing between the hemispheres.
Strong Habitat Compression by Extreme Shoaling Events of Hypoxic Waters in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Köhn Eike E. , Münnich Matthias , Vogt Meike , Desmet Flora , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOcean deoxygenation has led to a measurable shoaling of subsurface hypoxic waters ([O2] < 60 mmol m−3) in the tropical Pacific and elsewhere. This shoaling compresses the vertical habitat of heterotrophic organisms between the well oxygenated surface and the hypoxic interface. Superimposed on this long‐term trend, natural variability can cause shorter‐term, extreme habitat compression events, which we term Transient Habitat Reduction Extreme Events (THREEs). Here, we investigate THREEs in the Eastern Pacific (EP) between 1979 and 2016 using output from a high‐resolution hindcast simulation with the coupled physical‐biogeochemical ocean model ROMS‐BEC. We identify THREEs on the basis of the hypoxic interface being shallower than the 99th percentile of its variability and requiring a minimum duration of five days. We find that THREEs compress the aerobic habitat by up to 50%–70% (locally exceeding 80%) in the subtropical and tropical EP and reach horizontal scales exceeding 300 km in the tropical EP. There, THREEs are pre‐conditioned by La Niña conditions and occur primarily in boreal winter and spring. In the subtropical EP, THREEs are associated with mesoscale eddies and occur independently of the season. 71% (32%) of all THREEs are characterized by unusually high acidity (cold) conditions (i.e., below the first percentile), thus constituting compound events. The strong habitat compression during THREEs is bound to lead to substantial changes in water column biogeochemistry, in food‐web interactions, and in ecosystem structure. Yet, so far, very little is known about the impact of these transient phenomena.
Automated Approaches for Capturing Localized Tsunami Response—Application to the French Coastlines
Authors: Giles Daniel , Gailler Audrey , Dias Frédéric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLocal bathymetry and onshore features can have a substantial effect on the spatial variability of the hazard from an incoming tsunami. In a warning context, being able to provide localized tsunami forecasts at strategic locations would therefore help mitigate the damage. Despite the recent advancements in computing powers and the development of highly efficient tsunami codes, capturing this local variability can oftentimes be infeasible in a warning setting. Traditional high‐resolution simulations which can capture these localized effects are often too costly to run “on‐the‐fly.” Alternative approaches that capture the localized response to an incoming tsunami, which are based upon using the maximum wave heights from a computationally cheap regional forecast, are developed here. These alternative approaches are envisaged to aid in a warning center's ability at providing extremely rapid localized forecasts. The approaches focus upon two different methods: transfer functions and machine learning techniques. The transfer function is based upon a recent extension to the established Green's Law. The extended version introduces local amplification parameters, with the aim of capturing the neglected localized effects. An automated approach which optimizes for these local amplification parameters is outlined and the performance of the transfer function is explored. A machine learning model is also trained and used to predict the localized tsunami hazard. Its performance is compared to the extended Green's Law approach for a site along the French coast. These developed methods showcase promising techniques that a tsunami warning center could use to provide high‐resolution warnings.
Bosutinib versus imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: final results from the BFORE trial
Authors: Brümmendorf Tim H. , Cortes Jorge E. , Milojkovic Dragana , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Clark Richard E. , le Coutre Philipp , Garcia-Gutierrez Valentin , Chuah Charles , Kota Vamsi , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Rousselot Philippe , Mauro Michael J. , Hochhaus Andreas , Hurtado Monroy Rafael , Leip Eric , Purcell Simon , Yver Anne , Viqueira Andrea , Deininger Michael W. ,   BFORE study investigators
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis analysis from the multicenter, open-label, phase 3 BFORE trial reports efficacy and safety of bosutinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after five years’ follow-up. Patients were randomized to 400-mg once-daily bosutinib (n = 268) or imatinib (n = 268; three untreated). At study completion, 59.7% of bosutinib- and 58.1% of imatinib-treated patients remained on study treatment. Median duration of treatment and time on study was 55 months in both groups. Cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rate by 5 years was higher with bosutinib versus imatinib (73.9% vs. 64.6%; odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.08–2.28]), as were cumulative MR4(58.2% vs. 48.1%; 1.50 [1.07–2.12]) and MR4.5(47.4% vs. 36.6%; 1.57 [1.11–2.22]) rates. Superior MR with bosutinib versus imatinib was consistent across Sokal risk groups, with greatest benefit seen in patients with high risk. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were consistent with 12-month data. After 5 years of follow-up there was an increase in the incidence of cardiac, effusion, renal, and vascular TEAEs in bosutinib- and imatinib-treated patients, but overall, no new safety signals were identified. These final results support 400-mg once-daily bosutinib as standard-of-care in patients with newly diagnosed CP CML.This trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.govas #NCT02130557.
Clonal evolution after treatment pressure in multiple myeloma: heterogenous genomic aberrations and transcriptomic convergence
Authors: Misund Kristine , Hofste op Bruinink Davine , Coward Eivind , Hoogenboezem Remco M. , Rustad Even Holth , Sanders Mathijs A. , Rye Morten , Sponaas Anne-Marit , van der Holt Bronno , Zweegman Sonja , Hovig Eivind , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. , Sundan Anders , Myklebost Ola , Sonneveld Pieter , Waage Anders 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated genomic and transcriptomic changes in paired tumor samples of 29 in-house multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 28 patients from the MMRF CoMMpass study before and after treatment. A change in clonal composition was found in 46/57 (82%) of patients, and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) increased from median 67 to 86. The highest increase in prevalence of genetic aberrations was found in RAS genes (60% to 72%), amp1q21 (18% to 35%), and TP53 (9% to 18%). The SBS-MM1 mutation signature was detected both in patients receiving high and low dose melphalan. A total of 2589 genes were differentially expressed between early and late samples (FDR < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed increased expression of E2F, MYC, and glycolysis pathways and a decreased expression in TNF-NFkB and TGFbeta pathways in late compared to early stage. Single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) scores of differentially expressed pathways revealed that these changes were most evident in end-stage disease. Increased expression of several potentially targetable genes was found at late disease stages, including cancer-testis antigens, XPO1 and ABC transporters. Our study demonstrates a transcriptomic convergence of pathways supporting increased proliferation and metabolism during disease progression in MM.
PARP inhibitor olaparib enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy on XRCC2-deficient colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Qin Changjiang , Ji Zhiyu , Zhai Ertao , Xu Kaiwu , Zhang Yijie , Li Quanying , Jing Hong , Wang Xiaoliang , Song Xinming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy is a promising strategy to locally enhance DNA damage in tumors. Loss of XRCC2 compromises DNA damage repairs, and induced DNA damage burdens may increase the reliance on PARP-dependent DNA repairs of cancer cells to render cell susceptibility to PARP inhibitor therapy. Here we tested the hypothesis that XRCC2 loss sensitizes colorectal cancer (CRC) to PARP inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy (RT). We show that high levels of XRCC2 or PARP1 in LARC patients were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). Co-expression analyses found that low levels of PARP1 and XRCC2 were associated with better OS. Our in vitro experiments indicated that olaparib+IR led to reduced clonogenic survival, more DNA damage, and longer durations of cell cycle arrest and senescence in XRCC2-deficient cells relative to wild-type cells. Furthermore, our mouse xenograft experiments indicated that RT + olaparib had greater anti-tumor effects and led to long-term remission in mice withXRCC2-deficient tumors. These findings suggest that XRCC2-deficient CRC acquires high sensitivity to PARP inhibition after IR treatment and supports the clinical development for the use of olaparib as a radiosensitizer for treatment of XRCC2-deficient CRC.
Chemistry beyond the Hartree–Fock energy via quantum computed moments
Authors: Jones Michael A. , Vallury Harish J. , Hill Charles D. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantum computers hold promise to circumvent the limitations of conventional computing for difficult molecular problems. However, the accumulation of quantum logic errors on real devices represents a major challenge, particularly in the pursuit of chemical accuracy requiring the inclusion of electronic correlation effects. In this work we implement the quantum computed moments (QCM) approach for hydrogen chain molecular systems up to H$$_6$$6. On a superconducting quantum processor, Hamiltonian moments,$$\langle H^p\rangle$$⟨Hp⟩are computed with respect to the Hartree–Fock state, which are then employed in Lanczos expansion theory to determine an estimate for the ground-state energy which incorporates electronic correlations and manifestly improves on the direct energy measurement. Post-processing purification of the raw QCM data takes the estimate below the Hartree–Fock energy to within 99.9% of the exact electronic ground-state energy for the largest system studied, H$$_6$$6. Calculated dissociation curves indicate precision at about 10mH for this system and as low as 0.1mH for molecular hydrogen, H$$_2$$2, over a range of bond lengths. In the context of stringent precision requirements for chemical problems, these results provide strong evidence for the error suppression capability of the QCM method, particularly when coupled with post-processing error mitigation. While calculations based on the Hartree–Fock state are tractable to classical computation, these results represent a first step towards implementing the QCM method in a quantum chemical trial circuit. Greater emphasis on more efficient representations of the Hamiltonian and classical preprocessing steps may enable the solution of larger systems on near-term quantum processors.