bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of synthesis parameters for molybdenum diselenide using hydrothermal method
Authors: Khichi Pardeep , Tripathi Rahul , Ohlan Anil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (MoSe2) have attracted significant attention because of their potential use for hydrogen evolution reactions and in other electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the synthesis of layered MoSe2 through the hydrothermal route itself is an arduous task. Herein, we have observed that the selenium does not get easily dissolved during synthesis in water and ethanol. However, the same seems to partially dissolve in a solution containing sodium borohydride and hydrazine monohydrate. This complication leads to unreacted selenium in the reaction product, as confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction data. In the available literature, the authors have reported washing of as‐obtained Se‐rich MoSe2 with ethanol, acids and some have utilized annealing to remove unreacted selenium. However, we have adopted another method of removing the excess unreacted selenium powder from the synthesized product, thereby obtaining MoSe2. In addition, the reaction parameters such as temperature, duration of hydrothermal reaction and precursor are optimized.
Effects of Metformin and its Metabolite Guanylurea on Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Reproduction
Authors: Blackwell Brett R. , Ankley Gerald T. , Biales Adam D. , Cavallin Jenna E. , Cole Alexander R. , Collette Timothy W. , Ekman Drew R. , Hofer Rachel N. , Huang Weichun , Jensen Kathleen M. , Kahl Michael D. , Kittelson Ashley R. , Romano Shannon N. , See Mary Jean , Teng Quincy , Tilton Charlene B. , Villeneuve Daniel L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metformin, along with its biotransformation product guanylurea, is commonly observed in municipal wastewaters and subsequent surface waters. Previous studies in fish have identified metformin as a potential endocrine-active compound, but there are inconsistencies with regard to its effects. To further investigate the potential reproductive toxicity of metformin and guanylurea to fish, a series of experiments was performed with adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). First, explants of fathead minnow ovary tissue were exposed to 0.001–100 µM metformin or guanylurea to investigate whether the compounds could directly perturb steroidogenesis. Second, spawning pairs of fathead minnows were exposed to metformin (0.41, 4.1, and 41 µg/L) or guanylurea (1.0, 10, and 100 µg/L) for 23 days to assess impacts on reproduction. Lastly, male fathead minnows were exposed to 41 µg/L metformin, 100 µg/L guanylurea, or a mixture of both compounds, with samples collected over a 96-h time course to investigate potential impacts to the hepatic transcriptome or metabolome. Neither metformin nor guanylurea affected steroid production by ovary tissue exposed ex vivo. In the 23 days of exposure, neither compound significantly impacted transcription of endocrine-related genes in male liver or gonad, circulating steroid concentrations in either sex, or fecundity of spawning pairs. In the 96-h time course, 100 µg guanylurea/L elicited more differentially expressed genes than 41 µg metformin/L and showed the greatest impacts at 96 h. Hepatic transcriptome and metabolome changes were chemical- and time-dependent, with the largest impact on the metabolome observed at 23 days of exposure to 100 µg guanylurea/L. Overall, metformin and guanylurea did not elicit effects consistent with reproductive toxicity in adult fathead minnows at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2708–2720. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Predicting the Accumulation of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms
Authors: Carter Laura J. , Armitage James M. , Brooks Bryan W. , Nichols John W. , Trapp Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The extent to which chemicals bioaccumulate in aquatic and terrestrial organisms represents a fundamental consideration for chemicals management efforts intended to protect public health and the environment from pollution and waste. Many chemicals, including most pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), are ionizable across environmentally relevant pH gradients, which can affect their fate in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Existing mathematical models describe the accumulation of neutral organic chemicals and weak acids and bases in both fish and plants. Further model development is hampered, however, by a lack of mechanistic insights for PPCPs that are predominantly or permanently ionized. Targeted experiments across environmentally realistic conditions are needed to address the following questions: (1) What are the partitioning and sorption behaviors of strongly ionizing chemicals among species? (2) How does membrane permeability of ions influence bioaccumulation of PPCPs? (3) To what extent are salts and associated complexes with PPCPs influencing bioaccumulation? (4) How do biotransformation and other elimination processes vary within and among species? (5) Are bioaccumulation modeling efforts currently focused on chemicals and species with key data gaps and risk profiles? Answering these questions promises to address key sources of uncertainty for bioaccumulation modeling of ionizable PPCPs and related contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:502–512. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of sour jujube extracts
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhao Wan , Li Yixiang , Zhao Hang , Ye Xiaonan , Li Tingli , Wang Zhibin , Huang Lili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltrasonic‐assisted extraction is a rapid and effective extraction method that uses ultrasound energy and solvents to extract target compounds from various plant matrices. In this study, the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction conditions of sour jujube were optimized. A five‐level central composite design (CCD) with four variables was used to evaluate ultrasonic treatment variables influencing the total saponin content (TSC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) extracted from sour jujube. The solvent concentration, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and solid‐to‐liquid (S/L) ratio were optimized using aqueous ethanol and methanol solutions as extraction solvents. A central composite design (CCD) was used for an in‐depth study, and then the optimal value that could produce the maximum TPC, TFC, TSC, and four in vitro antioxidant activities (scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdic acid reduction method, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity) was determined. Hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress experiment confirmed that the Jujube extract could have an antioxidant role in vivo. The relationship between the contents of three compounds and the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo was further studied. The results showed that optimizing methanol and ethanol extraction process parameters could improve target components’ extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the TFC and TPC yields of sour jujube by ethanol are better than methanol, while the yield of TSC by methanol is better than ethanol. In vivo data showed that Jujube extract protects against the adverse effects of oxidative stress and improves the life span of female and male Drosophila. This study provides a valuable reference for the full use of Ziziphus jujube, as well as a new direction in food development.
Therapeutic application of carvacrol: A comprehensive review
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Aslam Mahwish , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Saeed Farhan , Ahmad Ishtiaque , Afzaal Muhamamd , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , El‐Ghorab Ahmed H. , Khames Ahmed , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Ahmad Arslan , Hussain Muzamal , Imran Ali , Islam Saiful 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarvacrol is a major natural constituent and is significantly present as an essential oil in aromatic plants and is well known for its numerous biological activities. Therapeutic properties of carvacrol have been demonstrated as anti‐oxidant, anticancer, diabetes prevention, cardioprotective, anti‐obesity, hepatoprotective and reproductive role, antiaging, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The carvacrol biosynthesis has been mediated through mevalonate pathway. Carvacrol has the anticancer ability against malignant cells via decreasing the expressions of matrix metalloprotease 2 and 9, inducing apoptosis, enhancing the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins, disrupting mitochondrial membrane, suppressing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal transduction, and also decreasing the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B. It also decreased the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase as well as also restored liver function, insulin level, and plasma glucose level. Carvacrol also has been found to exert antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coagulase‐negative staphylococcus, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus sp. Shigella, and Escherichia coli. The current review article summarizes the health‐promoting perspectives of carvacrol through various pathways.
Depressurization and heat transfer during leakage of supercritical CO2 from a pipeline
Authors: Chen Lei , Yan Xingqing , Hu Yanwei , Yang Kai , Yu Shuai , Yu Jianliang , Chen Shaoyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology can effectively improve global climate change. Extensive pipelines are used in CCUS to transport large amounts of pure and impure supercritical CO2(S‐CO2) from captured sites to storage, owing to pipelines being an economical and efficient means of transportation. In the event of an accidental rupture of a supercritical CO2 pipeline, causing substantial economic losses and catastrophic consequences to surroundings. Hence, it is necessary that the study of the pressure variation and temperature distribution of CO2 during pipeline blowdown contributes to understanding fracture initiation and propagation, as well as designing reliable pipelines. A laboratory‐scale setup is used to investigate the evolution of leakage behaviours and analyze heat transfer of pure and impure supercritical CO2 with different release orifices. The depressurization process, variation of inner and wall of pipeline temperature were measured. Results show that the larger is the leakage orifice, the lower is the minimum temperature of the inner pipeline. The larger is the concentrations of nitrogen (N2) in supercritical CO2 mixture, the lower is the minimum temperature of the inner pipeline, and the higher is the risk of pipeline brittle fracture. During the entire release process, the Nusselt number (Nu) was determined based on measurements to discuss the process of heat transfer between the CO2 mixture and pipeline wall. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Needs assessment in head and neck surgical oncology training: A qualitative study of expert opinions
Authors: Givi Babak , Gordon Alex J. , Park Yoon Soo , Lydiatt William M. , Tekian Ara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the needs of head and neck surgery trainees and areas for improvement of fellowship programs.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study by interviewing a nationally representative sample of program directors and national leaders in head and neck surgery. We asked about the current state and strengths of training; and areas for further improvement. All interviews were independently coded and analyzed by two reviewers.ResultsAll experts (100%) believed that the current training provides a strong foundation and furthermore, a standardized curriculum is beneficial. Multidisciplinary training (80%), participation in tumor boards (75%), and a syllabus (60%) were the most frequently mentioned components. Most believed that a formal certification process would be beneficial (73%), though there was no consensus on the format.ConclusionExperts in head and neck surgery are generally in favor of a standardized curriculum. Further discussions of a formal certification process might be warranted.
Differential requirement of Hippo cascade during CTNNB1 or AXIN1 mutation‐driven hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Liang Binyong , Wang Haichuan , Qiao Yu , Wang Xue , Qian Manning , Song Xinhua , Zhou Yi , Zhang Yi , Shang Runze , Che Li , Chen Yifa , Huang Zhiyong , Wu Hong , Monga Satdarshan P. , Zeng Yong , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xiaoping , Chen Xin 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Gain‐of‐function (GOF) mutations of CTNNB1 and loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations of AXIN1 are recurrent genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to investigate the functional contribution of Hippo/YAP/TAZ in GOF CTNNB1 or LOF AXIN1 mutant HCCs.

Approach and Results:
The requirement of YAP/TAZ in c‐Met/β‐Catenin and c‐Met/sgAxin1‐driven HCC was analyzed using conditional Yap, Taz, and Yap;Taz knockout (KO) mice. Mechanisms of AXIN1 in regulating YAP/TAZ were investigated using AXIN1 mutated HCC cells. Hepatocyte‐specific inducible TTR‐CreERT2
KO system was applied to evaluate the role of Yap;Taz during tumor progression. Cabozantinib and G007‐LK combinational treatment were tested in vitro and in vivo. Nuclear YAP/TAZ was strongly induced in c‐Met/sgAxin1 mouse HCC cells. Activation of Hippo via overexpression of Lats2 or concomitant deletion of Yap and Taz significantly inhibited c‐Met/sgAxin1 driven HCC development, whereas the same approaches had mild effects in c‐Met/β‐Catenin HCCs. YAP is the major Hippo effector in c‐Met/β‐Catenin HCCs, and both YAP and TAZ are required for c‐Met/sgAxin1‐dependent hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, AXIN1 binds to YAP/TAZ in human HCC cells and regulates YAP/TAZ stability. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ suppresses already formed c‐Met/sgAxin1 liver tumors, supporting the requirement of YAP/TAZ during tumor progression. Importantly, tankyrase inhibitor G007‐LK, which targets Hippo and Wnt pathways, synergizes with cabozantinib, a c‐MET inhibitor, leading to tumor regression in the c‐Met/sgAxin1 HCC model.

Conclusions:
Our studies demonstrate that YAP/TAZ are major signaling molecules downstream of LOF AXIN1 mutant HCCs, and targeting YAP/TAZ is an effective treatment against AXIN1 mutant human HCCs.
Mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in older adult patients with cirrhosis: A validated prediction model
Authors: Vizzutti Francesco , Celsa Ciro , Calvaruso Vincenza , Enea Marco , Battaglia Salvatore , Turco Laura , Senzolo Marco , Nardelli Silvia , Miraglia Roberto , Roccarina Davide , Campani Claudia , Saltini Dario , Caporali Cristian , Indulti Federica , Gitto Stefano , Zanetto Alberto , Di Maria Gabriele , Bianchini Marcello , Pecchini Maddalena , Aspite Silvia , Di Bonaventura Chiara , Citone Michele , Guasconi Tomas , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Arena Umberto , Fanelli Fabrizio , Maruzzelli Luigi , Riggio Oliviero , Burra Patrizia , Colecchia Antonio , Villa Erica , Marra Fabio , Cammà Calogero , Schepis Filippo 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) improves survival in patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites and portal hypertensive bleeding. However, the indication for TIPS in older adult patients (greater than or equal to 70 years) is debated, and a specific prediction model developed in this particular setting is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multivariable model for an accurate prediction of mortality in older adults.

Approach and Results:
We prospectively enrolled 411 consecutive patients observed at four referral centers with de novo TIPS implantation for refractory ascites or secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding (derivation cohort) and an external cohort of 415 patients with similar indications for TIPS (validation cohort). Older adult patients in the two cohorts were 99 and 76, respectively. A cause‐specific Cox competing risks model was used to predict liver‐related mortality, with orthotopic liver transplant and death for extrahepatic causes as competing events. Age, alcoholic etiology, creatinine levels, and international normalized ratio in the overall cohort, and creatinine and sodium levels in older adults were independent risk factors for liver‐related death by multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:
After TIPS implantation, mortality is increased by aging, but TIPS placement should not be precluded in patients older than 70 years. In older adults, creatinine and sodium levels are useful predictors for decision making. Further efforts to update the prediction model with larger sample size are warranted.
Learning shifts the preferred theta phase of gamma oscillations in CA1
Authors: Rayan Abdelrahman , Donoso José R. , Mendez‐Couz Marta , Dolón Laura , Cheng Sen , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHippocampal neuronal oscillations reflect different cognitive processes and can therefore be used to dissect the role of hippocampal subfields in learning and memory. In particular, it has been suggested that encoding and retrieval is associated with slow gamma (25–55 Hz) and fast gamma (60–100 Hz) oscillations, respectively, which appear in a nested manner at specific phases of the ongoing theta oscillations (4–12 Hz). However, the relationship between memory demand and the theta phase of gamma oscillations remains unclear. Here, we assessed the theta phase preference of gamma oscillations in the CA1 region, at the starting and junction zones of a T‐maze, while rats were learning an appetitive task. We found that the theta phase preference of slow gamma showed a ~180° phase shift when animals switched from novice to skilled performance during task acquisition. This phase‐shift was not present at the junction zone, where animals chose a right or left turn within the T‐maze, suggesting that a recall/decision process had already taken place at the starting zone. Our findings indicate that slow gamma oscillations support both encoding and retrieval, depending on the theta phase at which they occur. These properties are particularly evident prior to cognitive engagement in an acquired spatial task.
A rare case of long‐term survival from metachronous bilateral adrenal metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma after combined surgical removal and immunochemotherapy
Authors: Tomiyama Nami , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kawai Tatsuya , Etani Toshiki , Gonda Masakazu , Aoki Maria , Morikawa Toshiharu , Sugiyama Yosuke , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe prognosis of adrenal metastasis from non‐small cell lung cancer is very poor. A recent report described the efficacy of the surgical removal of adrenal metastasis when solitary. However, metachronous bilateral adrenal metastasis is extremely rare, and a treatment strategy has not been established.Case presentationHerein, we describe a 52‐year‐old Asian male who presented with a right adrenal metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer 8 months after immunochemotherapy and surgical resection of the lung. He underwent combined systemic treatment and a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy; however, after 9 months, a metachronous left adrenal metastasis emerged. A subsequent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy and systemic treatment led to long‐term progression‐free survival.ConclusionThe appropriate surgical indication and combined systemic treatment of a metachronous bilateral adrenal metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer may extend the prognosis.
Commodity price forecasting via neural networks for coffee, corn, cotton, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, sugar, and wheat
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAgricultural commodity price forecasting represents a key concern for market participants. We explore the usefulness of neural network modeling for forecasting problems in datasets of daily prices over periods of greater than 50 years for coffee, corn, cotton, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, sugar, and wheat. By investigating different model settings across the algorithm, delay, hidden neuron, and data‐splitting ratio, we arrive at models leading to a decent performance for each commodity, with the overall relative root mean square error ranging from 1.70% to 3.19%. These results have small advantages over no‐change models due to particular price adjustments in the prices considered here. Our results can be used on a standalone basis or combined with fundamental forecasts in forming perspectives of commodity price trends and conducting policy analysis. Our empirical framework should not be diffucult to implement, which is a critical consideration for many decision‐makers and has the potential to be generalized for price forecasts of more commodities.
Inhibiting AKT signaling pathway with cilostazol and meloxicam synergism for suppressing K562 cells in vitro
Authors: Naderbar Laya , Pazhang Yaghub , Rezaie Jafar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite advances in cancer treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is still one of the leading causes of death in the world. Due to the role of inflammation in cancer promotion and progression, thus use of anti‐inflammatory agents may suppress cancer cell growth. In this study, we used two anti‐inflammatory drugs, cilostazol and meloxicam, for the treatment of CML. Cell viability was measured using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the synergism occurrence was calculated by compusyn software. Annexin V/PI test and Hoechst staining were used to determine the apoptosis rate. To determine the pathway of apoptosis induction, the expression of BCL2 Associated X (Bax) and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) apoptotic genes and caspases activity were evaluated. The cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were performed to estimate alterations in Ak strain transforming‐1 (AKT‐1), phosphprylated AKT‐1 (p‐AKT‐1), adenosine mono‐phosphate‐kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated AMPK (p‐AMPK) proteins and BCR/ABL and c‐Myc distribution, respectively. Results showed that cilostazol, meloxicam, and their combination drug reduced cell viability (p < 0.05). Compared with control, expression of Bax and Bcl‐2 decreased in treated cells, respectively (p < 0.05). The caspase‐9 activity increased in treated cells compared to control cells (p < 0.001). The applied drugs decreased the protein level of p‐AKT‐1 while increasing the p‐AMPK protein level (p < 0.05). BCR/ABL and c‐Myc Protein distribution significantly decreased in treated cells. In conclusion, the combination drug had more cytotoxic effects than cilostazol and meloxicam alone and induced apoptosis by inhibiting AKT‐1 activation and c‐Myc reduction. Therefore using combination drugs effectively can treat cancers of CML origin.