bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular myxoma in a child causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Boudreaux Jacob , Lara Diego , Hines Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimary cardiac tumours are uncommon in the paediatric population, accounting for fewer than 0.5% of paediatric cases of cardiac disease. Right ventricular tumours, including myxomas, are particularly rare and may be asymptomatic or demonstrate varying degrees of cardiac dysfunction based on the location and size of the tumour, inducing conduction abnormalities, syncope, embolism, and potentially, sudden death. We report a rare case of right ventricular myxoma causing severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and surgical intervention in a paediatric patient.
THE RECEPTION OF ADAM SMITH IN JAPAN: THE FORMATION OF THE IDEA OF SHIMIN SHAKAI, OR CIVIL SOCIETY, BY ZENYA TAKASHIMA BEFORE THE END OF WORLD WAR II
Authors: Nohara Shinji 
Published: April 2022

From the late 1930s to the end of World War II, the Japanese government restricted freedom of expression and research. Nevertheless, Zenya Takashima (1904–1990), one of the most influential social scientists in Japan, continued to publish his writings. On an initial reading, he seems to have supported totalitarianism, even though he did not; moreover, he seemed to have agreed with a model of a controlled economy as a historical step, although he did not see this as inevitable. Rather, in order to resist the totalitarian ideology, he adopted a Smithian view of “Shimin Shakai,” or civil society, in which people, by protecting justice, acted freely in the economy. Before Takashima, the concept of civil society was used to express the German concept “bürgerliche Gesellschaft,” but Takashima changed the meaning of the term to a society of equal citizens.
Antennal Sensilla in Vespidae: A Comparison Between a Diurnal and a Nocturnal Polistinae Wasp
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior Cleber , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial wasps have a widespread Neotropical distribution and are important pollinators and biological control agents for pest insects. The foraging activity of wasps is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that are detected by the antennal sensilla that vary according to species, sex, caste, and environmental conditions. This study compares the types and quantities of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope between the nocturnalApoica flavissimaand the diurnalPolistes simillimuswasps. Six types of sensilla were found in the antennae of both species: placoid, coeloconic, basiconic-type 1, basiconic-type 2, trichoid-type 1, and trichoid-type 2. Sensilla chaetica were found only in the scape and pedicel ofA. flavissima. In the nocturnal wasp, there are 19,132.27 ± 1,247.72 sensilla in the left and 17,746.46 ± 1,477.46 in the right antennae, whereas in the diurnal wasp 14,936.72 ± 1,271.69 in the left and 16,090.82 ± 1,345.3 in the right antennae.A. flavissimahas a longer antennal length and number of sensilla thanP. simillimus. The higher number of antennal sensilla in the nocturnal wasp is not linked with the antennal size. The association of antennal sensilla functions with ecological and behavioral factors ofA. flavissimaandP. simillimusare discussed.
Rotational effect and dosimetric impact: HDMLC vs 5-mm MLC leaf width in single isocenter multiple metastases radiosurgery with Brainlab Elements™
Authors: Venencia Carlos Daniel , Rojas-López José Alejandro , Díaz Moreno Rogelio Manuel , Zunino Silvia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose:To analyse the impact of multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf width in multiple metastases radiosurgery (SRS) considering the target distance to isocenter and rotational displacements.Methods:Ten plans were optimised. The plans were created with Elements Multiple Mets SRS v2·0 (Brainlab AG, Munchen, Germany). The mean number of metastases per plan was 5 ± 2 [min 3, max 9], and the mean volume of gross tumour volume (GTV) was 1·1 ± 1·3 cc [min 0·02, max 5·1]. Planning target volume margin criterion was based on GTV-isocenter distance and target dimensions. Plans were performed using 6 MV with high-definition MLC (HDMLC) and reoptimised using 5-mm MLC (MLC-5). Plans were compared using Paddick conformity index (PCI), gradient index, monitor units , volume receiving half of prescription isodose (PIV50), maximum dose to brainstem, optic chiasm and optic nerves, and V12Gy, V10Gy and V5Gy for healthy brain were analysed. The maximum displacement due to rotational combinations was optimised by a genetic algorithm for both plans. Plans were reoptimised and compared using optimised margin.Results:HDMLC plans had better conformity and higher dose falloff than MLC-5 plans. Dosimetric differences were statistically significant (p< 0·05). The smaller the lesion volume, the higher the dosimetric differences between both plans. The effect of rotational displacements produced for each target in SRS was not dependent on the MLC (p> 0·05).Conclusions:The finer HDMLC offers dosimetric advantages compared with the MLC-5 in terms of target conformity and dose to the surrounding organs at risk. However, only dose falloff differences due to rotations depend on MLC.
Utilising radiotherapy dose to guide 3D surgical reconstructions for mandibular osteoradionecrosis
Authors: West Nick , Willis Nick , Adams James , Kennedy Matthew , Jenkins Glyndwr , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, a proportion of patients present with mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Reported incidence and presentation of ORN vary widely, although often initiated by trauma with radiotherapy being the biggest risk factor. Evolved disease requires surgery, mandibular resection and reconstruction. As ORN is a progressive disease, it can manifest beyond resected volumes, compromising surgery. To minimise surgical failures, we present incorporating radiotherapy dose into the surgical design and decision processes—dose guided surgery (DGS).

Method:
Five mandibular ORN patients, referred for resection and reconstruction, underwent DGS—mandible visualised on diagnostic CT, propagated to radiotherapy planning CT, radiotherapy dose displayed on the mandible, high-risk mandible converted to stl files and incorporated in the surgical design.

Results:
DGS ensures high-dose, high-risk ORN mandible is resected, and fixation devices are located in low-dose, low-risk areas.

Conclusions:
DGS represents a potential new standard of care for patients presenting with mandibular ORN post-radiotherapy. Formal follow-up of this small cohort is ongoing although DSG is anticipated to increase the success rate of this high cost, high burden procedure compared to surgery designed on clinical and radiological assessments alone.
Silicification of feathers in a modern hot spring in New Zealand
Authors: ZHAO Tao , HU Liang , PAN Yanhong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Fossil feathers have greatly improved our understanding of the evolutionary transition from non-avian dinosaurs to birds and the evolution of feathers, and may be the only evidence for their source animals in the fossil record. Hot spring environments have been demonstrated to be conducive to the preservation of fossils, but internal silicification of feathers was not observed in the only avian carcass so far discovered in ancient hot spring deposits. To determine whether feathers can be internally silicified, here we analyse feathers sampled from a modern hot spring vent pool – Champagne Pool – in New Zealand. Our results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry elemental mapping show that the sampled feathers are silicified to different degrees, and one of them is pervasively silicified. SEM observations show that feathers can be silicified at the cellular level. Degradation is involved in the silicification of feathers, as indicated by the reduction of the abundance of carbon and the loss of keratin fibrils. Our findings suggest that ancient deposits of hot spring vent pools are promising targets in search for fossil feathers.
Long, Regular Return of Four Large Earthquakes on Qilian Shan's Minle‐Damaying Frontal Thrust (NE Tibet): Partial Clustering With Great Events on the Leng Long Ling Fault?
Authors: Li Zhanfei , Xu Xiwei , Tapponnier Paul , Chen Guihua , Ren Junjie , Li Kang , Cheng Jia , Kang Wenjun , Luo Jiahong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe exact geometry and rupture behavior of the Minle‐Damaying Thrust (MDT), along NE Tibet's Qilian Shan's mountain front, remain unclear. Based on a new ∼45 km long, ∼2.5 km wide, and 0.5 m resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle survey of the thrust's eastern part, we accurately map its surface trace in order to identify and quantify the sizes of large post‐glacial earthquakes. Our geomorphic measurements (72 vertical offsets [VOs] ranging from 1.2 to 13.8 m) validated by fieldwork, reveal four distinct peak throw clusters (∼2.2, 5.4, 8.3, 11.6 m) along the slightly stepping, frontal strands of the foreland‐propagating thrust trace. Shallow thrust dip‐angles constrained by the three‐point method at five sites range from ∼32° to 43°. Anchoring our 72 throw measurements to previous dating results and paleo‐seismological trench logs at the Xie river site, implies that the MDT's eastern segment broke regularly with ∼2.9+0.6/−0.8 m of nearly characteristic average VO (∼4.9 m of slip) to produce Mw ∼ 7.0–7.4 earthquakes, with a return time of ∼3.6+0.8/−1.0 ka since ∼12.7 ka. Paleo‐seismological results suggest that the occurrence of thrust earthquakes on the MDT may be coupled with that of large strike‐slip events, similar to the 1927, Mw ∼ 8, Gulang earthquake on the neighboring (∼18 km SW) Leng Long Ling segment of the Haiyuan Fault. That co‐seismic slip on the latter might control ∼ coeval slip along the sub‐parallel MDT may reflect a rupture behavior dictated by their partitioning/bifurcation at ∼20 km depth, close to their adjacent, restraining, left‐stepping bends.
Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020
Authors: Schillings A. , Palin L. , Opgenoorth H. J. , Hamrin M. , Rosenqvist L. , Gjerloev J. W. , Juusola L. , Barnes R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe physical magnetospheric cause for geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are rapid time‐varying magnetic fields (dB/dt), which occur mainly during magnetic substorms and storms. When, where and why exactly such rapid dB/dt may occur is insufficiently understood. We investigated all storms since 1980 and analyzed the negative and positive dB/dt spikes (>|500| nT/min) in the north and east component using a worldwide coverage (SuperMAG). Our analysis confirmed the existence of two dB/dt spikes “hotspots” located in the pre‐midnight and in the morning magnetic local time sector, independently of the geographic location of the stations. The associated physical phenomena are probably substorm current wedge onsets and westward traveling surges (WTS) in the evening sector, and wave‐ or vortex‐like current flows in the morning sector known as Omega bands. We observed a spatiotemporal evolution of the negative northern dB/dt spikes. The spikes initially occur in the pre‐midnight sector, and then develop in time toward the morning sector. This spatiotemporal sequence is correlated with bursts in the AE index, and can be repeated several times throughout a storm. Finally, we investigated the peak value of Dst and AE during the storm period in comparison with the dB/dt spike occurrence frequency, we did not find any correlation. This result implies that a moderate storm with many spikes can be as (or more) dangerous for ground‐based infrastructures than a major storm with fewer dB/dt spikes. Our findings regarding the physical causes and characteristics of dB/dt spikes may help to improve the GIC forecast for the affected regions.
Inferring Suspended Sediment Carbon Content and Particle Size at High Frequency From the Optical Response of a Submerged Spectrometer
Authors: Sehgal Dhruv , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Hissler Christophe , Bense Victor F. , Hoitink A. J. F. (Ton) 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReal time monitoring of suspended sediment (SS) carbon content and particle size information is essential to understand SS transport mechanisms and processes. However, limited in situ methods are available, and manual and unattended sampling makes high frequency observation challenging. Based on evidence that optical measurements of SS concentration are dependent on particle size and composition, we hypothesize that SS carbon content and mean particle size can simultaneously be inferred from the absorbance data measured with a submerged spectrometer at high frequency. With the aim to predict both parameters, we investigate if global calibrations can be obtained and used instead of site‐dependent local calibrations. To test this, we created a laboratory data set using a tank setup, and an in situ field data set. Sediment samples varying in composition were collected and used in a tank setup to obtain global (all sites grouped together) calibrations between absorbance, particle size and carbon content. Two sites were instrumented to collect in situ field data, to generate local (site‐specific) calibrations and to validate the global calibrations obtained in the laboratory. A procedure to account for the effect of SS concentration when using the global calibration to predict is also presented. Our findings indicate that global calibrations can accurately predict from in situ absorbance readings, with a median absolute error of 17.3 μm, versus 10.5 μm for a local calibration. Local calibrations are indispensable to reliably predict carbon content, with a median absolute error of 1.3%.
Multiscale Fusion of Digital Rock Images Based on Deep Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputation of petrophysical properties on digital rock images is becoming important in geoscience. However, it is usually complicated for natural heterogeneous porous media due to the presence of multiscale pore structures. To capture the heterogeneity of rocks, we develop a method based on deep generative adversarial networks to assimilate multiscale imaging data for the generation of synthetic high‐resolution digital rocks having a large field of view. The reconstructed images not only honor the geometric structures of 3‐D micro‐CT images but also recover fine details existing at the scale of 2‐D scanning electron microscopy images. Furthermore, the consistency between the real and synthetically generated images in terms of porosity, specific perimeter, two‐point correlation and effective permeability reveals the validity of our proposed method. It provides an effective way to fuse multiscale digital rock images for better characterization of heterogeneous porous media and better prediction of pore‐scale flow and petrophysical properties.
Vertical Coupling by Solar Semidiurnal Tides in the Thermosphere From ICON/MIGHTI Measurements
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Oberheide Jens , Zhang Xiaoli , Cullens Chihoko , Englert Christoph R. , Harding Brian J. , Harlander John M. , Marr Kenneth D. , Makela Jonathan J. , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on the Ionospheric CONnections (ICON) mission provide new insights into the semidiurnal tidal spectrum in the thermosphere, covering latitudes 9°S–39°N and altitudes 100–280 km altitude throughout 2020. Latitude vs. day of year (DOY) variability of solar semidiurnal tides SE2, S0, SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 at 250 km are presented for the first time, and evaluated relative to similar results at 106 km. Using daytime‐only data, height vs. latitude and height vs. DOY variability of SE2, S0, SW1. SW3, and SW4 amplitudes and phases are depicted for the first time, revealing the effects of a dissipative thermosphere on the vertical evolutions of these tidal structures. SW2 is absent from these depictions due to potential aliasing by zonal mean winds. The above results are considered in light of the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT), which is based on fits to tidal winds and temperatures from the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission between 80 and 120 km during 2002–2008, and extrapolated to an altitude of 400 km based on modeled tidal structures propagating in a dissipative thermosphere, but without in situ sources of excitation due to tide‐tide or tide‐ion drag nonlinear interactions. On the basis of comparisons with the CTMT and other characteristics revealed in the MIGHTI tidal structures, it is concluded that in situ sources exist for S0, SW1, SW2, and SW3 in the thermosphere above about 200 km.
Unbiased Estimates and Confidence Intervals of Riverine Loads for Low‐Frequency Water Quality Monitoring Strategies
Authors: Tada Akio , Tanakamaru Haruya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate estimates of riverine constituent loads are essential for water pollution control and erosion control in watersheds, but an accurate estimation method for commonly employed water quality monitoring strategies, such as calendar‐based sampling with high‐flow sampling, has not been established. Therefore, we propose methods for both unbiased load estimation and confidence interval construction for annual riverine loads using the Horvitz‐Thompson estimator based on limited samples (12 to 20 per year) collected with commonly used water quality monitoring strategies. In addition, we propose an uncertainty reduction method to calculate efficient confidence intervals using probability resampling based on a simple rating curve due to the small sample sizes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by load estimates based on 150 annual data sets of daily pairs of discharge and concentration observations of six water quality parameters from different watersheds and years. The tested sampling strategies include random sampling over time as a proxy for calendar‐based sampling, random sampling with high‐flow sampling, and flow‐proportional sampling. The results show that the proposed methods provide unbiased load estimates for all the data sets and appropriate confidence intervals. The uncertainty reduction in the confidence interval widths obtained with probability resampling is effective for calendar‐based sampling. We also explain the importance of defining proper sampling probabilities for load estimation based on samples with missing observations. The proposed method can be used to evaluate and improve existing water quality monitoring strategies for more efficient load estimation and the retrieval of accurate load estimates from existing data sets.
Nicotinic receptors promote susceptibility to social stress in female mice linked with neuroadaptations within VTA dopamine neurons
Authors: Ortiz Vanesa , Costa Campos Renan , Fofo Hugo , Fernandez Sebastian P. , Barik Jacques 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are about twice as many women as men who experience depression during their lifetime. Although life circumstances and especially exposure to stressful situations constitute a major risk factor to develop depression, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be unraveled. We employed the chronic social defeat procedure to elicit depressive-like symptoms in females and ketamine to validate the model. We performed ex-vivo patch clamp recordings to assess cellular adaptations and used pharmacological agents to dissect these deregulations. Chronic social defeat exposure triggers a hyperactivity of VTA putative dopamine (DA) neurons in females susceptible to stress but not resilient ones. This hyperactivity was fully reversed by a single administration of ketamine. In virally-identified brain circuits of both susceptible and resilient females, we found a hypercholinergic tone to the VTA arising from the laterodorsal tegmentum. Application of puffs of nicotine revealed a decreased sensitivity of DA neurons in resilient mice when compared to naive or susceptible ones. The in vivo acute administration of the positive allosteric modulator for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) not only increased susceptibility to stress by enhancing activity of VTA DA neurons, but also triggered a switch in phenotype from resilient to susceptible. Our data unravel dysregulations of VTA DA neurons activity exclusively in females exhibiting depressive-like symptoms and identify VTA nAChRs as key molecular substrates that exacerbate susceptibility to stress.
Chemerin enhances mesenchymal features of glioblastoma by establishing autocrine and paracrine networks in a CMKLR1-dependent manner
Authors: Wu Jianqi , Shen Shuai , Liu Tianqi , Ren Xiufang , Zhu Chen , Liang Qingyu , Cui Xiao , Chen Ling , Cheng Peng , Cheng Wen , Wu Anhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with mesenchymal features exhibits enhanced chemotherapeutic resistance and results in reduced overall survival. Recent studies have suggested that there is a positive correlation between the GBM mesenchymal status and immune cell infiltration. However, the mechanisms by which GBM acquires its mesenchymal features in a tumor immune microenvironment-dependent manner remains unknown. Here, we uncovered a chemerin-mediated autocrine and paracrine network by which the mesenchymal phenotype of GBM cells is strengthened. We identified chemerin as a prognostic secretory protein mediating the mesenchymal phenotype-promoting network between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells in GBM. Mechanistically, chemerin promoted the mesenchymal features of GBM by suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of CMKLR1, a chemerin receptor predominantly expressed on TAMs and partially expressed on GBM cells, thereby enhancing NF-κB pathway activation. Moreover, chemerin was found to be involved in the recruitment of TAMs in the GBM tumor microenvironment. We revealed that chemerin also enhances the mesenchymal phenotype-promoting ability of TAMs and promotes their M2 polarization via a CMKLR1/NF-κB axis, which further exacerbates the mesenchymal features of GBM. Blocking the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis with 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide disrupted the mesenchymal network and suppressed tumor growth in GBM. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis to block the mesenchymal network in GBM.
Metagenomic methylation patterns resolve bacterial genomes of unusual size and structural complexity
Authors: Wilbanks Elizabeth G , Doré Hugo , Ashby Meredith H , Heiner Cheryl , Roberts Richard J , Eisen Jonathan A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The plasticity of bacterial and archaeal genomes makes examining their ecological and evolutionary dynamics both exciting and challenging. The same mechanisms that enable rapid genomic change and adaptation confound current approaches for recovering complete genomes from metagenomes. Here, we use strain-specific patterns of DNA methylation to resolve complex bacterial genomes from long-read metagenomic data of a marine microbial consortium, the “pink berries” of the Sippewissett Marsh (USA). Unique combinations of restriction-modification (RM) systems encoded by the bacteria produced distinctive methylation profiles that were used to accurately bin and classify metagenomic sequences. Using this approach, we finished the largest and most complex circularized bacterial genome ever recovered from a metagenome (7.9 Mb with &gt;600 transposons), the finished genome of Thiohalocapsa sp. PB-PSB1 the dominant bacteria in the consortia. From genomes binned by methylation patterns, we identified instances of horizontal gene transfer between sulfur-cycling symbionts (Thiohalocapsa sp. PB-PSB1 and Desulfofustis sp. PB-SRB1), phage infection, and strain-level structural variation. We also linked the methylation patterns of each metagenome-assembled genome with encoded DNA methyltransferases and discovered new RM defense systems, including novel associations of RM systems with RNase toxins.