bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides for Quarantine Treatments Against Imported Fire Ants, 1976 - 1979
Authors: Collins H. L. , Mangum C. L. , Medley J. G. , Guenthner A. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-two insecticides were evaluated at Gulfport, Mississippi, for quarantine treatments of nursery potting media capable of harboring imported fire ant (IFA) colonies. Treatments for this media are required to prevent accidental introduction of IFA into noninfested areas via commercial shipments of nursery stock.
Apple, Integrated Test, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of York Imperial and 3 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treatments were applied with a Fri end Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for the insecticide treatments were: May 25, Jun 1, 12, 21, 29, Jul 6, 16, 25, Aug 2, 10, 17, 28, and Sep 4. Spray dates forthePydrin treatments were: May 25, Jun 4, 15, 26, Jul 6, 16, 25, Aug 3, 13, 25, and Sep 4. On Jul 26 and Aug 8, 227 g/acre of Plictran 50W was applied from the east and west sides of the test trees, respectively. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, polyram, sulfur, captan, zineb and calcium chloride. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 75 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators, S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae and adults and numphs, respectively, around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after July 9 and 2 pick samples on Aug 16 and Sep 17. Apple samples averaged 192 fruits/replicate and 960/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate to heavy throughout the season.
Control of Red Harvester Ant With Drenches, Granules and Baits, 1979
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Young Jerry , Bradley James , Cothern David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the outer parameter of Stillwater, Oklahoma on 16 a of open pasture land. Treatments were randomized and replicated 10 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and mapped prior to the start of the test. Treatments were applied on June 20. Mounds were checked for activity at 1,2,3,6 and 10 wk after treatment. If more than 2 ants were observed per mound the colony was recorded as active. Treatments were applied as follows: baits and granules were evenly distributed over surface of mounds; drenches were applied with a garden sprinkler can. Rainfall during the test consisted of June - 0.66", July - 4.11", and Aug - 3.24" for a total of 8.01".
Relative Toxicity and Residue Stability of Insecticides for Argentine Ant Control, 1979
Authors: Wagne Robert E. , Strawn Ann J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Residues of 10 insecticides were prepared, tested fresh and after I mo and 6 mo of aging against field collected argentine ant workers in replicated tests. Insecticides included toxicants no longer registered, currently registered and experimental compounds. Tests were run in 9 cm Petri dishes each with a 9 cm filter paper attached to the bottom by a fine peripheral bead of paraffin. Side walls of the dishes were coated with teflon emulsion to prevent the ants from escaping and humidity was provided by a moistened 5 cm length of dental wick taped to the Petri dish lid. A 5 replicate series of each toxicant and concentration was prepared by pipetting 0.5 ml of 1% of 0.5% water diluted insecticide onto each filter paper and allowing them to air-dry for I da. The resulting residues were at the rate of ca 800 mg/m^ for 1% and ca 400 mg/m^ for 0.5% applications. Ants were collected from foraging trails Just prior to each test and were continuously exposed in groups of 10-20 workers/replicate until KD-90 minutes was reached. If mortality occurred in control dishes before KD-90s were reached on residues, mortality for each replicate was corrected with Abbott's formula.
Performance of Insecticides Against Cockroaches in Field Trials, 1979
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of various aqueous sprays and commercial boric acidpowderagainst cockroaches was determined in low-Income apartments near Los Angeles. The apartments were about 800 ft* and contained a kitchen,small dining area, living room, bathroom and I or 2 bedrooms. About I.I qt. spray/apartment was applied nearly to runoff in principal cockroach harborage areas from a B&G compression sprayer through the finest fan opening of a Spraying Systems Multeefet no. 800067 nozzle. About 0.75 lbs formulated white boric acid powder or powder dyed blue for safety purposes was applied thoroughly to similar areas with a Getz powder duster. Infestation level before and after treatment was determined with bread-baited traps left in the kitchen of each apartment for a week. Olancha clay in the traps prevented cockroaches from escaping and served as a desiccant. Total numbers of cockroaches caught were analyzed with a Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle With Atroban Permethrin Ear Tags, 1979
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark C. , English L. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forty mixed-breed cows were treated with one 10% wt/wt Atroban (permethrin) plastic ear tag per head. These animals were pastured with 70 similar cows which remained untreated. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to treatment, 2 - 6 h posttreatment, 1 - 3 days posttreatment, and thereafter at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side, of each animal examined. Groups thus assessed included cows with Atroban ear tags, untreated cows pastured with the treated group, and cows from an untreated control herd pastured ca. 1 km distant and moved after the 3rd week posttreatment to an adjacent field. Frost forced termination of the test after 6 weeks.
House Fly Residual Control By the Synthetic Pyrethroid, Permethrin, 1978
Authors: Palmer W. A. , Zorka T. J. , Bay D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Residual effectiveness of 4 permerhrin (37% EC) concentrations (0.0625, 0.125, 0.5 and 1.0% Al) and a 0.5% methoxychlor (25% EC) standard against house flies was assayed on finished and unfinished wood and metal sur-faces, exposed and unexposed to the external environment. Prefinished and unfinished wood (2x8 ft) and painted and unpainted galvanized metal (1x6 ft) panels were subdivided into equal sections corresponding to an untreated control, 4 permerhrin concentrations and the methoxychlor standard, respectively, with untreated zones between each. Appropriate panel sections were sprayed to the point of run-off and subsequently exposed, i.e. placed in direct sunlight, or unexposed, i.e. retained inside the laboratory, to the external environment. Residual effectiveness, measured by KT5Q, was assayed at weekly and biweekly intervals by placing 2 groups of 10 2-day-old house flies (USDA Orlando Strain), covered with inverted petri dishes, on each treatment surface. Knockdown was recorded at 5-min intervals for a total of 60 min. Data, corrected for control morbidity, were anal/zed by log-probit regression analysis and KTJQ’S, to the nearest minute, computed.
Vegetable Leafminer Control on Celery With Insect Growth Regulators, 1979
Authors: Ngo Dong , Poe Sidney L. , Musgrave Carol A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether recommended rates of 2 IGR’s would affect emergence, longevity, or fecundity of vegetable leafminers on celery. Prepupae were col-lected upon emergence from celery ’2-14’ foliage grown in Zellwood, FL. In Test 1, 42 test groups of 20 prepupae each were assigned at random to each of 3 treatments; treatments were applied topically from 1-qt hand sprayers. Data recorded at 14 days post-treatment included percentages of dead pupae, parasites, and adult male and female leafminers (Table 1). Other untreated prepupae were isolated into gelatin capsules for pupation, emergence, and use in 2 other experiments. Glass lamp chimneys covered with organdy cloth were used as cages for adult flies in both experiments. A 4-dram vial of water in each cage kept cut celery petioles fresh; used petioles were replaced dally. Three mating pairs of flies were placed in each of 4 cages per replication; four replications were used for each of the 3 treatments in both experiments. In test 2, flies were sprayed once topically ca. 3-4 h after emergence. In Test 3, freshly cut petioles were sprayed to run-off, air dried, and placed in the appropriate cages each day. Data collected from both Tests 2 and 3 included longevity of both sexes of leafminers, daily estimates of stippling damage, and counts of larvae produced each day by treated flies (Table 2).
Apple, White Apple Leafhopper Control, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Rome Beauty apple frees. The sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump at 400 psi. Effectiveness of the insecticides was evaluated by counting the number of numphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Pest pressure was very heavy.
Apple, Relative Toxicity of Orchard Pesticides to

Orius

Insidiosus

(Say), 1979
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Horsburgh R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
TO ORIUS INSIDIOSUS (SAY), 1979: The relative toxicity of some orchard insecticides, miticides and Fungicides to the predacious anthocorid bug, 0. insidiosus, was determined in the laboratory. The tests were conducted in groups of three or four (each with a water control) during Jul and Aug. All experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures of 21 to 32°C in a ventilated insectary. Test chambers used were 5-dram glass shell vials stoppered with cheese cloth. Prior to introduction of the insects, the vials and cheese cloth were dipped in the appropriate pesticide concentration and dried. Field-collected adults of 0_. insidiosus were placed singly in each of 20 vials/treatment and control. Mortality was recorded 24 hr following introduction of the insects and the data were corrected for control mortality using Abbott's formula.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied as dilute sprays to 3 varieties of apple trees (Red Delicious, and Jonathan) with a handgun at 450 psi (rate of 5 gal/tree). Applications were made on May 14, 25, Jun 1, 11, 19, 25, Jul 2, 9, 17, 23, and 27. Captan at the rate of 1.5 lb/100 gal was added to all sprays. Fruit infestation ratings were obtained by picking at random and exami during and at the end of the season (Jul 5 and Aug 31). Mite counts were made by collecting 25 leaves at random/ treatment on May 25, Jun and Aug 6. Leaves were brushed and all stages of mites counted.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1979
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
APPLE, TEST OF ACARICIDES, 1979: Test materials were applied on Jul 11 and 12 to single-tree plots, cultivar Sungold, replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at the rate of 10 gal/tree using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Prior to the test the trees had been sprayed with endosuifan and captan as needed to control white apple leafhopper and apple scab, respectively. Mite population estimateswere made by randomly picking 25 leaves/replicate, pooling the leaves for each replicate, then brushing the mi tes onto glass plates and counting all stages. The egg counts are not included in the data presented for the European red mite. A. fallacis data includes all stages.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1979
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight-tree plots of from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were 15 years old on the EM2 rootstock and spaced 15 × 30 ft. Treatments were applied atpetal fall, May 15, and in 6 cover sprays, May 29, Jun 14, 28, Jul 12, 26, and Aug 13, except the UC 55248 treatment which was applied at tight cluster, Apr 23, and again on Jul 12. Treatments were applied dilute to run-off using a high pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree or 403 gal/acre. Additional sprays applied over the entire block included Difolatan 4F 5 gal/acre, April 19; Cyprex 65W 2lb/acre, Jun 1; and Plictran 50W 4 oz/100 with the Jul 12 treatments. Above normal temperatures and below normal rainfall occurred during the month of Jul, while more normal conditions prevailed during the rest of the season. Insect pressure was below normal for most species evaluated.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, Prebloom Treatments, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in a 2-acre block of 7-yr-old d'Anjou pear trees. Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized block design. Within rows the treated trees were separated by unsprayed trees. A pretreatment count of pear psylla was made on Apr 10. Adults were sampled by beating 3 branches of each tree over an 18 × 18 inch square cloth tray. Eggs and nymphs were counted by examining 5 spurs from each tree with a microscope in the laboratory. Sprays were applied to run-off using a high pressure sprayer (400 psi). Treatments were applied at either early bud burst stage (Apr 11), green cluster bud stage (Apr 23), or at both times.
Pear, Effects of Insecticides on Twospotted Mite Populations, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The materials were tested primarily for pear psylla control, but effects on phytophagous mite populations were also observed. The experimental design and method of treatment were described for the preceding pear pyslla control experiment. The mites were counted with a microscope from the same 10-leaf samples that were used to obtain psylla egg and nymph counts. The treatments were first applied on Jun 1; and all, with the exception of the first 2 Pydrin treatments were applied again on Jul 4.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, Hudson Valley, 1979
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 5-yr-oldpear block was divided into4-tree plots replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to run-off with a high pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi using 1.5 gal spray/tree (288 gal/acre). Treatments were applied shortly after petal fall on May 18 to 20; at first cover Jun 1, and again on Jul 20. The two different rates of Pydrin were applied once, twice, and three times during the season to compare residual effectiveness. Treatments were evaluated on May 29, Jun 14, Jul 3, 17, 31, and Aug 15 by sampling 5 spurs/plot and counting all the pear psylla nymphs and eggs on each spur under a binocular scope in the laboratory. Pressure on the treatments was apparent from the populations found in the check plots.
Leafhopper Control on Concord Grapes, 1979
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy was evaluated in portions of a commercial vineyard infested with Erythroneuracomes (Say) in North East, PA. Plots in Test 1 consisted of 9 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design; 3 vines within rows and 1 row between treated rows isolated the plots. Plots in Test 2 consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 3 times; 3 vines within the row separated the plots. Sprays were applied in Test 1 on Jul 6'79, using a spray gun from a Spartan hydraulic sprayer; sprays were applied to runoff resulting in 200 gal spray per acre. Sprays in Test 2 were applied on Jul 20'79, using an Ortho Spray-ette Queen Size garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers hydraulic sprayer at a pressure of 100 psi; sprays were applied to runoff resulting in 200 gal spray per acre. The equivalent of 4 oz DuPont spreader sticker per 100 gal was used with all treatments in each test. Treatments were evaluated in each test by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected randomly per plot. Data were transformed to the square root of X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Control of Grape Berry Moth, 1979
Authors: Williams Roger N . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A thirteen year old experimental vineyard of 'Concord' grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this test. Rows were 9 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/treatment. A single insecticidal application was made on July 6 at the rate of 94 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied by hand as foliar sprays using a CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with TeeJet D2 disc and No. 25 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampling, 10 randomly selected clusters were examined from each plot. Number of 'stung' (damaged) berries was recorded in each plot. Surveys were conducted at pretreatment on July 5'79 and at harvest on Oct 1'79. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 23 and June 1 (Captan 50WP at 1 lb ai/acre), June 14 (Benlate 50WP at 0.5 lb ai plus Captan 50WP at 1.0 lb ai), and July 26 (Folpet 50WP at 1 lb ai). Ortho X-77 spreader-sticker was used with all fungicides at 1 pt/100 gal.
Rose Chafer, Bioassay to Determine Efficacy of Selected Adulticides, 1979
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy was evaluated in a portion of a commercial vineyard at North Kingsville, OH; laboratory bioassay was conducted at the OARDC in Wooster. Grape rows were 10 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in the row. A replicate consisted of 5 adjacent vines in a row. Treatments were applied to the 4 replicates in a randomized block design. A single application was made on June 13, soon after rose chafer adults were first observed feeding on grape blossom buds. Sprays were applied at the rate of 100 gpa with a CO2 powered constant pressure sprayer equipped with a Teejef D2 disc and No. 25 core. Treated foliage was collected after the spray residue was dry at 0, 3, 7, and 11 days after treatment. Two leaves were picked at random from each replicate and placed in labelled plastic bags. The bags were placed in an ice chest and transported to Wooster. Approximately 4 hr later the petioles were recut and placed in a floral tube filled with water. Modeling clay was used to seal the top of the tube to prevent leakage. Ten beetles of unknown age and a floral tube containing 2 leaves were placed in a 1-gal ice-cream carton. The carton was modified by placing a 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insect holding room was maintained at 70°F with &gt;80% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod. The number of live beetles was recorded at the end of 24 hr.
Control of Strawberry Root Weevil Larvae on Strawberry, 1978
Authors: Shanks Carl H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single rows 25 ft long and 3.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. After harvest, the plants were mowed off and Vydate L was applied to the strawberry plants. For the irrigated plots, the chemical was applied on 2 dates with a low pressure sprayer in 43 gal of water/acre, concentrated in a 12-inch band over the rows; ca. 1 inch of water was applied by sprinklers immediately after treatments. Non-irrigated plots were treated once in the same way but were not irrigated. The treatments were evaluated on May 2'79. Five plants were dug in each plot and the soil was sifted to expose the larvae for counting.
Citrus,

D

.

Abbreviatus

Control, Plymouth, Florida, 1979
Authors: Schroeder W. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aerial applications of Orthene were made to citrus groves and to a nursery using fixed wing aircraft equipped with the following: 1) Micronair rotary atomizers - volume 5 and 8 gal/acre; 2) D 8-45 nozzles - volume 8 gal/acre. Treatments were compared to a hydraulic ground spray applied to runoff. Foliage was collected randomly from 10 trees per treated area and an untreated check area. The foliage was placed in ten 32-oz cups immediately after treatment and 10 adult weevils were added/cup. Cups were then covered with wire mesh. Weevil mortality counts were made after 1 day and 3 days. Additional foliage was collected at 3, 6, 9 days posttreatment and tested in the same way.
Control of Citrus Red Mite with Acaricides in California, February, 1979
Authors: Brown R. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A heavy infestation of citrus red mite (CRM) on lemons in Oxnard, CA, was treated with various registered acaricides on Feb 14'79, to test their cold-weather efficacy. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in 2-tree plots. Trees were assigned to a replicate on the basis of their pre-spray adult CRM infestation levels. Trees were handgun sprayed with about 12 gal per tree (1200 gal/acre).
Citrus Red Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mollis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two numbered compounds, UC 55248 and Fison NC 22683, were compared with Kelthane for control efficacy of the citrus red mite on lemons during Apr and May at the Curtis Half and Half Ranch on mesa, Yuma, Arizona. Sprays were applied Apr 3 with a spray gun (pistol-type) and John Bean Sprayer using 300 gpa or 5 gal/tree and 40 psi. Four-tree plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Mite counts in the table represent both immature and adult stages. Sampling consisted of 25 leaves selected at random/plot. The precount on Mar 27 indicates a moderate infestation which varied slightly within the test area.
Control of Chinese Wax Scale, 1979
Authors: Beattie G. A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of insecticides plus citrus spray oils were compared with foliar applications of citrus spray oils and untreated controls. Each treatment was applied to 2, 4×4 tree plots of 2-3 m high trees near Gosford, N.S.W., Australia. Sprays were applied at a pressure of 2800 kPa to run-off from an oscillating boom spray pulled by a tractor at 2.2 kmph. The sprays were applied to the trees after all eggs under scales from the single 1978 generation had hatched on the southern side of the trees and when all scales lining the mid ribs of leaves were rosette stages (first, second and third insrars). The effect of the sprays was assessed on Apr 17-18'79. The centre 4 trees of each block were used for assessments. Forth leaves were picked at random from each tree; 100 scales from each tree were examined. No more than 10 scales were examined per leaf. A total of 800 scales was examined per treatment.