bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the use of ranitidine required as a pre‐medication to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel?
Authors: Ryan Marissa , Snoswell Centaine , Carrington Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this brief report was to retrospectively compare the severity and incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in patients who received ranitidine and patients who did not receive ranitidine, as part of their pre‐medication prior to paclitaxel. Data was collected for patients receiving paclitaxel‐containing protocols for breast, head and neck, or lung cancers in 2019 and 2020. The data included the pre‐medications administered prior to each paclitaxel dose, the total doses received and whether a HSR event occurred along with its severity. Eighty patients were reviewed receiving a total of 512 paclitaxel doses with 17 HSRs identified in 15 patients. Of the 241 doses in the ranitidine group, 11 HSRs were recorded for nine patients, compared to the 271 doses in the non‐ranitidine group where six HSRs were recorded for six patients. Most of the 512 chemotherapy doses were preceded by dexamethasone (100%) and loratadine (99.6%). Our results show that the incidence of paclitaxel‐related HSRs was not lowered with the addition of ranitidine to dexamethasone and loratadine. Future studies are warranted exploring the use of any H2‐antagonist as part of the pre‐medication regimen with paclitaxel‐containing protocols and their clinical relevance in preventing or minimising HSR incidence and severity.
Evidence of defect‐annealing effect in swift heavy‐ion‐irradiated indium phosphide
Authors: Hu Peipei , Xu Lijun , Zhai Pengfei , Zeng Jian , Zhang Shengxia , Maaz Khan , Ai Wensi , Li Zongzhen , Sun Youmei , He Yuan , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle‐crystal indium phosphide (InP) was irradiated by swift heavy ions (40Ar, 56Fe, 86Kr, 181Ta, and 209Bi) with different energies. The damage evolutions have been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Analysis of Raman intensity ratio (LO′ peak to LO peak [ILO′/ILO]) provides a new insight into the lattice quality of the irradiated samples. The defect‐activated longitudinal optical mode (LO′) appeared and then disappeared with increasing ion fluences, and it seems that the peak point of ILO′/ILO is electronic energy loss dependent. The phenomenological model suggests that the LO′ peak intensity is positively correlated with the proportion of the activated regions, where the crystals were not completely disordered, but still many defects were created. Furthermore, the TEM images showed that the tracks closely overlapped, resulting in the decrease of activated regions, which implies that there is a competitive mechanism between the generation and annealing of the defects. It also provides direct evidence that the annealing effect of the defects has occurred during the swift heavy‐ion irradiation.
Mitochondrial Disease and Hearing Loss in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roesch Sebastian , O'Sullivan Anna , Zimmermann Georg , Mair Alois , Lipuš Cvetka , Mayr Johannes A. , Wortmann Saskia B. , Rasp Gerd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesHearing loss is a clinical symptom, frequently mentioned in the context of mitochondrial disease. With no cure available for mitochondrial disease, supportive treatment of clinical symptoms like hearing loss is of the utmost importance. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on hearing loss in genetically proven mitochondrial disease in children and deduce possible and necessary consequences in patient care.MethodsSystematic literature review, including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. Review protocol was established and registered prior to conduction (International prospective register of systematic reviews—PROSPERO: CRD42020165356). Conduction of this review was done in accordance with MOOSE criteria.ResultsA total of 23 articles, meeting predefined criteria and providing sufficient information on 75 individuals with childhood onset hearing loss was included for analysis. Both cochlear and retro‐cochlear origin of hearing loss can be identified among different types of mitochondrial disease. Analysis was hindered by inhomogeneous reporting and methodical limitations.ConclusionOverall, the findings do not allow for a general statement on hearing loss in children with mitochondrial disease. Retro‐cochlear hearing loss seems to be found more often than expected. A common feature appears to be progression of hearing loss over time. However, hearing loss in these patients shows manifold characteristics. Therefore, awareness of mitochondrial disease as a possible causative background is important for otolaryngologists. Future attempts rely on standardized reporting and long‐term follow‐up.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 132:2459–2472, 2022
Spatiotemporal Variations in Trace Element Compositions in Pollock Populations under the Influence of Coastal Norwegian Salmon Farms
Authors: Fourdain Linda , Arechavala-Lopez Pablo , Uglem Ingebrigt , Sæther Bjørn-Steinar , Sanchez-Jerez Pablo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pollock Pollachius virens (also known as Saithe) modify their feeding habits when including in their diet uneaten feed pellets from salmon aquaculture sea cages. To determine the influence of salmon farms on Pollock, multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted on the trace element signatures from muscle and liver tissues. Sample fish were caught in the vicinity of salmon farms and in control areas (&gt;3-km distance from the farms) on the coast of Hitra Island (western Norway) over two consecutive years (2012 and 2013). The hepatosomatic index was calculated as a proxy of fish body condition and was higher in Pollock captured near the salmon farms in both years. Variations in specific trace element profiles revealed the influence of farming on the Pollock assemblages (i.e., arsenic, manganese, and copper in muscle; vanadium and manganese in liver). Differences in element composition between sampling years were notable and may, in addition to influence from salmon feed, reflect temporal variation in Pollock migrations or natural food availability. Multivariate analyses of each sampling year showed significant differences in trace element composition of both tissue types among the Pollock groups. Therefore, trace element assessment is a potential tool for determining the influence of aquaculture on Pollock populations, although other natural sources of variation must be taken into account when considering future aquaculture and fishery management strategies.
Ductile response of piles to stabilise landslide
Authors: Guo Wei Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPiles in stabilising landslides are subjected to response amplification and brittle failure. To induce ductile response, new rigid (sliding layer)–elastic‐plastic (stable layer) (R‐EP) solutions for rotational piles are established. New expressions are derived to obtain rotational stiffness and rotational depth with and without plasticity. The solutions and the expressions are underpinned by limiting force per unit length, subgrade modulus and rotational stiffness. Non‐dimensional charts are provided concerning the depth, the stiffness and the stiffness singularity on typical pile response. Five instrumented piles are studied, and a typical example is elaborated. The R‐EP model and expressions promote ductile response of slope stabilising piles.
Topology optimization of bi‐material curved shell structures for minimizing time‐domain sound radiation
Authors: Zheng Hao , Zhao Guozhong , Shang Linyuan , Yu Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSo far, the research on topology optimization against noise has mainly addressed frequency‐domain problems, while time‐domain analysis is also widely used in practical engineering. Nonetheless, the topology optimization work on the latter was rarely reported due to its complexity. This article presents a new topology optimization scheme of bi‐material curved shell structure to reduce the time‐domain noise generated by transient vibration. A finite element formulation for an eight‐node curved shell element is presented. The Newmark integral method is employed to calculate transient responses, and the obtained results are input into the time‐domain boundary element method to predict transient sound pressure. In the optimization model, the volumetric densities of material in a bi‐material interpolation model constructed by the solid isotropic material with penalization model are chosen as the design variables; the time integral of the squared sound pressure on structural surfaces or prescribed reference points in acoustic medium over a specified time interval of interest is taken as the objective function; and the constraint on material volume is considered. A volume‐preserving Heaviside penalization is introduced to suppress gray elements. Furthermore, the calculation of time‐domain sound radiation sensitivity is transformed into the following two processes: (a) the derivation of transient response based on the Newmark integral method; (b) the derivation of transient sound pressure based on the discrete time‐domain boundary integral equation. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the approach proposed in this article. The influences of volume‐preserving Heaviside penalization, volume constraint, loading position and form, and selection of objective function on the optimal design are discussed.
Insight into the complex coupling agents on thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of lignin‐poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) biocomposites
Authors: Dong Jiaqi , Su Yuhang , Jiang Tianyu , Li Dongna , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiodegradable polymers, including poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), can replace traditional plastics to effectively target microplastic pollution; however, their high cost limits their application. In this study, lignin modified with the complex coupling agents was prepared and incorporated into PHBH to reduce its cost and improve the compatibility of composites. The results showed lignin modified with the complex coupling agents was dispersed well in the PHBH matrix. Compared to other composites, lignin‐PHBH biocomposites modified with maleic anhydride and KH550 had better thermal stability, mechanical and barrier properties due to collaborative modification. Moreover, lignin‐PHBH biocomposites showed the excellent UV resistance and antioxidant activity. The obtained results revealed that using the complex coupling agent was a feasible method to improve the properties of biocomposites.
Population‐based prevalence of polypharmacy and patterns of medication use in southwestern Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taherifard Erfan , Mohammadi Zahra , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Pakroo Mahsa , Emaminia Maryam , Rahimi Zahra , Danehchin Leila , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Malihi Reza , Paridar Yousef , Hariri Sanam , Hashemi Farnaz , Cheraghian Bahman , Mard Ali , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Poustchi Hossein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmaceutical medications are considered an important component of healthcare delivery and there is a need for its rational use; although there have been major improvements in the pharmaceutical sector in the recent past, inappropriate medication use is considered a major threat to patients' health. Therefore, the pattern of medication use should be monitored routinely. The aim of this study was to investigate the population‐based prevalence of polypharmacy and the patterns of medication use in southwestern Iran. We also investigated correlates between polypharmacy and patterns of medication use.MethodsData from the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS) which consists information of 30 506 with age range to 20 to 65 years were used. Crude and age‐standardized prevalence of polypharmacy and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated for different subpopulations. Multivariable Poisson regression modeling was applied, and adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system (first and second levels) was used for drug classification in different groups based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status.ResultsOut of 30 506 adults, 93.3% were not on any medications, and age‐ and gender‐standardized prevalence of polypharmacy was 0.24%. The lowest estimated prevalence was among Arab participants (0.13%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 1.57% among elderly people, and 4.78% among patients with heart diseases. Socioeconomic status was not associated with polypharmacy (prevalence ratio: 0.95; p = 0.573) but was significantly associated with patterns of medications use for alimentary tract and metabolism and nervous system diseases. The most common drug classes were cardiovascular system (3.93%), alimentary tract and metabolism (2.79%), nervous system (1.01%), systemic hormonal preparations (0.69%), and blood and blood‐forming organs (0.38%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of polypharmacy is very low in Khuzestan province, especially in the Arab population. Future research is needed to investigate the causes of medication underuse in this population.
Current role of surgery for tuberous sclerosis complex‐associated epilepsy
Authors: Specchio Nicola , Pavia Giusy Carfi , de Palma Luca , De Benedictis Alessandro , Pepi Chiara , Conti Marta , Marras Carlo Efisio , Vigevano Federico , Curatolo Paolo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem, autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome in which epilepsy is the most common of several neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Around two thirds of patients develop drug‐resistant epilepsy for whom surgical resection of epileptogenic foci is indicated when seizures remain inadequately controlled following trial of two antiseizure medications. The challenge with presurgical and surgical approaches with patients with TSC is overcoming the complexity from the number of tubers and the multiplex epileptogenic network forming the epileptogenic zone. Data suggest that seizure freedom is achieved by 55%–60% of patients, but predictive factors for success have remained elusive, which makes for unconfident selection of surgical candidates. This article presents three different cases as illustrations of the potential challenges faced when assessing the suitability of TSC patients for epilepsy surgery.
Consumer IoT and its under‐regulation: Findings from an Australian study
Authors: Harkin Diarmaid , Mann Monique , Warren Ian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe expansive growth of consumer internet of things (IoT) has created a range of concerns around privacy, security, and their broader societal impacts. This article reports on findings from interviews with 32 key stakeholders from the fields of information security, policy and regulation, the IoT industry, consumer and privacy law, and academia in Australia. It details a broad variety of issues and concerns that go beyond the well‐recognised issue of privacy or the technical standards of information security, to encompass a wider set of issues regarding the implications for vulnerable communities, the environment and industrial standards of IoT production. Most key stakeholders expressed the view that more robust regulation is required in Australia, but no clear regulatory priority or strategy was identified by our sample. The implications of these findings for further regulation of consumer IoT and future regulatory strategies are considered.
Comparison of two image analysis software for root trait analysis of single and mixed species grasslands
Authors: Martin Katie A. , Brennan Fiona P. , Schmidt Olaf , Tracy Saoirse 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiverse root architectures can allow more efficient resource acquisition in multispecies plant communities. These beneficial root architectures and traits can be measured through imaging and automatic root analysis. However, the commonly used root trait analysis software WinRHIZO inaccurately estimates root volume where there are heterogeneous root diameters. The recently released software RhizoVision Explorer uses a different root volume calculation method, suited to samples with variation in diameter. In this study, an image set of roots from monocultures and mixtures of six grassland species was analyzed by WinRHIZO and RhizoVision Explorer. For roots from the top 10 cm of the soil profile, WinRHIZO root length and volume estimates were lower than RhizoVision Explorer. RhizoVision Explorer overestimated the length of simulated fine roots, while the opposite was true for WinRHIZO. This resulted in lower average diameter estimates by RhizoVision Explorer. Further validation of the effect of factors such as image quality and root staining on the accuracy of RhizoVision Explorer's root measurements could inform a standard protocol for root trait analysis.
Energetic Polymers: A Chance for Lightweight Reactive Structure Materials?
Authors: Born Max , Plank Jakob , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToday's ammunition still consists of about 70 wt% structure‐providing materials such as metals providing no energetic contribution. Therefore, reactive structure materials (RSMs) offer tremendous room for improvement. While current research focuses on rather heavy, metal‐based materials (e. g., alloys, thermites), energetic polymers appear as an under‐recognized opportunity for very lightweight RSMs. Unfortunately, suitable polymers are unavailable as energetic polymer research has almost exclusively focused on elastic binders with the least possible glass transition temperature. An application as RSM, however, requires rigid polymers with a glass transition above operational temperatures. Accordingly, monomers with fundamentally different structures are required. The first step in this particular direction is 3‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenoxy)oxetane (TNPO). Herein, we report the synthesis of its homopolymer and investigate its polymerization behavior by copolymerization with prior art energetic oxetanes. All polymers were intensively studied by vibrational and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 14N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hereby, DSC revealed the high effect of the TNPO repeating unit on the glass transition temperature. The performance of all polymers was calculated using the EXPLO5 code to evaluate the potential performance range of polymeric RSMs. Further, their shock and friction sensitivity was determined by BAM standard procedures.
Effect of chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer according to race/ethnicity groups
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Würnschimmel Christoph , Flammia Rocco Simone , Horlemann Benedikt , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Markus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Tilki Derya , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo North‐American study tested the survival benefit of chemotherapy in de novo metastatic prostate cancer according to race/ethnicity. We addressed this void.MethodsWe identified de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2014–2015). Separate and specific Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models tested for overall survival differences between chemotherapy‐exposed versus chemotherapy‐naïve patients in four race/ethnicity groups: Caucasian versus African‐American versus Hispanic/Latino vs Asian. Race/ethnicity specific propensity score matching was applied. Here, additional landmark analysis was performed.ResultsOf 4232 de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients, 2690 (63.3%) were Caucasian versus 783 (18.5%) African‐American versus 504 (11.8%) Hispanic/Latino versus 257 (6.1%) Asian. Chemotherapy rates were: 21.3% versus 20.8% versus 21.0% versus 20.2% for Caucasians versus African‐Americans versus Hispanic/Latinos versus Asians, respectively. At 30 months of follow‐up, overall survival rates between chemotherapy‐exposed versus chemotherapy‐naïve patients were 61.5 versus 53.2% (multivariable hazard ratio [mHR]: 0.76, 95 confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.92, p = 0.004) in Caucasians, 55.2 versus 51.6% (mHR: 0.76, 95 CI: 0.54–1.07, p = 0.11) in African‐Americans, 62.8 versus 57.0% (mHR: 1.11, 95 CI: 0.73–1.71, p = 0.61) in Hispanic/Latinos and 77.7 versus 65.0% (mHR: 0.31, 95 CI: 0.11–0.89, p = 0.03) in Asians. Virtually the same findings were recorded after propensity score matching within each race/ethnicity group.ConclusionsCaucasian and Asian de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients exhibit the greatest overall survival benefit from chemotherapy exposure. Conversely, no overall survival benefit from chemotherapy exposure could be identified in either African‐Americans or Hispanic/Latinos. Further studies are clearly needed to address these race/ethnicity specific disparities.
Multiplex immunohistochemical phenotyping of T cells in primary prostate cancer
Authors: Ozbek Busra , Ertunc Onur , Erickson Andrew , Vidal Igor D. , Gomes‐Alexandre Carolina , Guner Gunes , Hicks Jessica L. , Jones Tracy , Taube Janis M. , Sfanos Karen S. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost prostate cancers are “immune cold” and poorly responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the mechanisms responsible for the lack of a robust antitumor adaptive immune response in the prostate are poorly understood, which hinders the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.AimsMost inflammatory infiltrates in the prostate are centered around benign glands and stroma, which can confound the molecular characterization of the antitumor immune response. We sought to analytically validate a chromogenic‐based multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach applicable to whole slide digital image analysis to quantify T cell subsets from the tumor microenvironment of primary prostatic adenocarcinomas. As an initial application, we tested the hypothesis that PTEN loss leads to an altered antitumor immune response by comparing matched regions of tumors within the same individual with and without PTEN loss.Materials & MethodsUsing the HALO Image Analysis Platform (Indica Labs), we trained a classifier to quantify the densities of eight T cell phenotypes separately in the tumor epithelial and stromal subcompartments.ResultsThe iterative chromogenic approach using 7 different antibodies on the same slide provides highly similar findings to results using individually stained slides with single antibodies. Our main findings in carcinomas (benign removed) include the following: i) CD4+ T cells are present at higher density than CD8+ T cells; ii) all T cell subsets are present at higher densities in the stromal compartment compared to the epithelial tumor compartment; iii) most CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are PD1+; iv) cancer foci with PTEN loss harbored increased numbers of T cells compared to regions without PTEN loss, in both stromal and epithelial compartments; and v) the increases in T cells in PTEN loss regions were associated with ERG gene fusion status.DiscussionThis modular approach can apply to any IHC‐validated antibody combination and sets the groundwork for more detailed spatial analyses.ConclusionIterative chromogenic IHC can be used for whole slide analysis of prostate tissue samples and can complement transcriptomic results including those using single cell and spatial genomic approaches.