bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barrancas Urbanas desde la Gestión Integral del Riesgo de Desastre (GIRD) en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
Authors: Montesinos Pedro Edith , Alvarado Rosas Concepción , Ruiz López Cinthia Fabiola 
Published: August 2022

La concentración y crecimiento urbano en la ciudad de Cuernavaca en Morelos, México, aunado a la construcción social del riesgo y los desastres, dan como resultado costosos riesgos los cuales ponen en jaque a los tres niveles de gobierno (federal, estatal y municipal). La concurrencia gubernamental, en la era de la “cuarta transformación” (4T), implica además la ausencia de claridad en la forma de atender las demandas de un crecimiento urbano desmedido y en un sistema ecológico cada vez más perturbado por los riesgos antropogénicos e hidrometeorológicos. Con base en lo anterior, surge la pregunta: ¿Cómo la construcción social del riesgo puede ser atendida en momentos de inviabilidad financiera y, a su vez, minimizar los desastres en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos? Esta investigación analiza la Construcción Social del Riesgo (CSR) como componente de la Gestión Integral del Riesgo de Desastre (GIRD) y su relación intrínseca con las barrancas urbanas en Cuernavaca, Morelos. Finalmente, se observó que la falta de regulación de las barrancas urbanas ha provocado la fragmentación de la ciudad, propiciando la ocupación irregular y la degradación del ecosistema.
Prevalencia de infecciones del tracto urinario y sus factores epidemiológicos en mujeres en edad menopaúsica.
Authors: Toala Reyes Jorge Luis , Ortega Ponce Josceline Pamela , Cañarte Vélez José Clímaco , Journal of Scientific Research MQRInvestigar 
Published: August 2022

Las infecciones del tracto urinario, siguen preocupando a la población a nivel mundial, debido a que son un tipo de patología que presenta un alto índice de prevalencia, ha generado un impacto económico significativo en el sistema de atención médica, afectando con un rango mayor al sexo femenino, siendo la segunda causa de visita médica de origen infeccioso, lo cual es de trascendente importancia lograr identificar aquellos factores de riesgo que pueden llegar a predisponer las reinfecciones urinarias en las mujeres en edad menopaúsica, que fue la población de estudio en esta investigación. La cual tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de infecciones del tracto urinario y sus factores epidemiológicos en mujeres ecuatorianas en edad menopaúsica. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo narrativo documental, exploratoria de nivel informativo o explicativo, en donde se obtuvo información de artículos de investigaciones en el idioma ingles y español, de revistas indexadas y bases de datos científicas como: Pubmed, Science Research, Google académico, Dialnet y Scielo, para el desarrollo de fundamentación teórica y resultados de la investigación. Los resultados mostraron que la mujer en edad menopaúsica tiene una alta prevalencia de padecer infecciones de las vías urinarias, debido por los cambios en el pH vaginal, disminución de colágena, lubricación deficiente, que alteran el balance de la flora bacteriana, así produciendo infección, donde el principal patógeno que ocasionó una infección del tracto urinario fue la Escherichia coli.
Antibacterial Assessment of Biofabricated Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using Conocarpus erectus Leaf Extract
Authors: Rehman Khalil ur , Shahid Ullah Khan  , Umber Zaman  , Sumbul Saeed  , Masooma Rafique  , Muneeb Ullah  
Published: August 2022

Nanobiotechnology is a proficient technology that concers with nano scale materials in several scientific fields such as nanotechnology, chemistry, medicines and biotechnology. A swift and sustainable synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by exhausting natural sources is the present-day trend being used instead of lethal biochemical methods. This study prsent the first report for the use of medicinal plant of Conocarpus erectus as an ecofriendly regent in the synthesis of CuO NPs using copper sulphate as a starting material. Conocarpus erectus leaf extract was used as a bioreductor as wll as a capping agent in the manufacturing of MgO NPs. The structure and morphology of prepared MgO NPs were characterized byXRD, UV, FTIR, HRTEM, SEM and EDX analysis. The UV-Vis measurment confimrd the formation of MgO NPs by giving SPR peak at 261 nm. The attendance of various functional groups in Conocarpus erectus leaf extract liable for the development and stabilization of MgO NPs were confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD measurement confirmed the crystaline f.c.c structure of MgO NPs. HRTEM and SEM studies exhibited the small size, spherical shape and uniformly dispersed magnesium oxide nanoparticles. EDX profile further authorized the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The biosynthesized MgO NPs were assessed for the embarrassment of bacteria. Furthermore, plant capped MgO NPs have high inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zones of 17 mm and 16 mm respectively.
Société Mutuelle d'Autopsie, American Anthropometric Society, and the Wilder Brain Collection
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: August 2022

Context.—
In the late 19th century, mutual autopsy societies formed, first in Paris, France (1876) and later in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Members, who were often a who's who of anthropologists, physicians, intellectuals, and highly accomplished citizens, pledged to submit their bodies for autopsies to be performed by living society members so that their brains could be weighed and surface topography studied, with the results to be correlated with the decedents' intelligence and personal strengths during life.

Objective.—
To explore the short history of these societies, the science they produced, and their extensive newspaper coverage in the United States.

Design.—
Available primary and secondary historic sources were reviewed.

Results.—
The Société Mutuelle d'Autopsie in Paris and the American Anthropometric Society in Philadelphia had different motives, as the former was heavily influenced by French Third Republic politics and secularism. The American press provided titillating coverage of both and was particularly fascinated by scandals. In America, Burt Wilder formed a splinter group and established the Wilder Brain Collection at Cornell University. In a period where many anthropologists were making untrue claims that brain and skull measurements were largely determined by race and sex, Wilder and Franklin P. Mall of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia independently published carefully conducted studies proving this was not the case.

Conclusions.—
Mutual autopsy societies and brain clubs conclusively established that brain weight was not an accurate predictor of intelligence but accomplished little else; they were phased out shortly after World War I but are the predecessor to modern-day brain banks.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Bacterial Coinfection in Hospitalized Children With Respiratory Viral Infections: A Single Center Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Patel Nikita , AL-Sayyed Ban , Gladfelter Taylor , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Children with viral respiratory illness are often suspected of having bacterial coinfection. This study was designed to determine the impact of bacterial coinfection on hospital course and outcomes and the rate of antimicrobial misuse.

METHODS
Single-center retrospective chart review, including all hospitalized children who had a respiratory viral panel sent within 48 hours of admission from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients who had a positive respiratory, urine, blood culture within 24 hours of admission were identified. Demographics, resource utilization, and outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
This study included 2192 patients. Of those, 269 patients had positive bacterial cultures. Out of these cultures from 192 patients were identified as contaminants. True bacterial coinfection was 3.5% (77/2192). Almost 1/3 of admitted patients were prescribed empiric antimicrobials. Children with bacterial coinfection tended to be younger (median age 8.4 months vs 16.3 months, p &lt; 0.01) and had higher proportion of prematurity (23.3% vs 12.1%, p &lt; 0.01). Children with bacterial coinfection were more likely to require ICU admission (37.6% vs 23.9%, p &lt; 0.01) and intubation (28.5% vs 5.3 %, p &lt; 0.01). They had higher ICU (5.7 days vs 1.9 days, p &lt; 0.01) and hospital length of stay (4.0 days vs 2.0 days, p &lt; 0.01), higher mortality (2.6% vs 0.2%, p = 0.02), and a higher median cost of hospital care ($3774.44 vs $2424.49.90, p &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The rate of bacterial coinfection in hospitalized children with viral infections is very low, which contradicts the routine administration of empiric antimicrobials. Patients with coinfection require more hospital resources and have worse clinical outcomes.
Effect of Phenobarbital on Elevated Direct Bilirubin Concentrations in Neonates and Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shin Young J. , Godin Robert , Walters Ryan A. , Niu Jianli , Kahn Doron J. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Few studies have evaluated the effect of phenobarbital (PB) on elevated direct bilirubin (DB) plasma concentrations in neonates and infants, and none have compared its effect with a control group with matched study baseline DB values. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in elevated DB plasma concentrations (≥2 mg/dL) in neonates and infants between a PB-treated and control group.

METHODS
A retrospective, observational, matched, cohort study was performed comparing patients between a PB-treated group and a control group with similar study baseline plasma DB values ≥2 mg/dL over an 8-week period. The percent change in DB plasma concentrations from study baseline was compared for each week of the study period.

RESULTS
During the 8-year study period, 310 patients had DB plasma concentrations ≥2 mg/dL, of which 26 remained in each group after exclusions. The PB group had increased DB concentrations and the control group had decreased DB concentrations when compared with their study baseline DB concentrations each week of the study period. By study end, the mean DB concentration increased by 11.2% in the PB group and decreased by 48.5% in the control group (p = 0.02). In multiple regression analysis, only birth weight (standardized coefficient = 0.44, p = 0.02), and gastrointestinal obstruction (standardized coefficient = −0.4, p = 0.03) were associated with significant percent change in DB concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated PB does not improve cholestasis in neonates and infants.
Variability in Serum Concentrations and Clinical Response in Artisanal Versus Pharmaceutical Cannabidiol Treatment of Pediatric Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy
Authors: Cohen Nathan T. , Bahar Burak , Conry Joan A. , Schreiber John M. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that serum cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations would be higher in patients taking pharmaceutical- versus artisanal-CBD oil, and higher serum CBD concentrations would correlate with increased side effects and decreased seizure frequency.

METHODS
This was a retrospective chart review. We included patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, treated with artisanal-CBD or pharmaceutical-CBD (Epidiolex), and with quantitative serum CBD concentrations. We tracked epilepsy diagnosis, artisanal-CBD dosage, pharmaceutical-CBD dose, serum CBD concentration, clobazam concentration, N-desmethylclobazam concentration, seizure history (frequency of motor seizures), response to medication (percentage reduction in motor seizures), and side effects.

RESULTS
Forty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Mean serum CBD concentration was 51.1 ng/mL (artisanal group) and 124 ng/mL (pharmaceutical group) (p = 0.022). Patients receiving artisanal-CBD had no change in median overall seizures (IQR, −50% to 50%); the pharmaceutical-CBD group had median 50% reduction (IQR, −90% to no change) (p = 0.199).

CONCLUSIONS
Pharmaceutical-CBD achieves higher serum CBD concentrations than artisanal-CBD in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. These higher CBD concentrations are associated with increased reported adverse effects, but no detectable difference in seizure frequency.
Evaluating the Media Platforms, Devices and Challenges Associated with Online Teaching and Learning of Mathematics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Salifu Anas Seidu , Owusu-Boateng Obeng 
Published: August 2022

The study investigates the usage of online educational media platforms and devices used to access online Mathematics learning. It also identifies the challenges Mathematics pre-service teachers encountered in teaching and learning of Mathematics during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Region of Ghana. The research design was descriptive cross-sectional survey with a sample of 345 Mathematics pre-service teachers selected from four (4) Colleges of Education in the Northern Region via simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Close ended questionnaire was developed by the researchers via Google forms and used as the main research instrument. Data were collected via a link sent through WhatsApp and Telegram to the pre–service teachers. The results revealed that Zoom, Telegram, WhatsApp, and Google Classrooms were the mostly used online learning platforms. Again, the devices used were desktop computers, laptops, tablets, iPads, with smartphones being the most commonly device used. The results further indicated that most challenges were; high cost of internet data subscription, lack of smart device due to its high cost, poor internet services in remote areas, pre-service teachers not seeing their lecturers face-to-face for more active interaction and real time feedback, inadequate electricity supplies to keep device always charged before online lectures and the issue of eye straining. It was recommended that Government should assist tertiary institutions with internet facilities to improve access to online learning and teaching of Mathematics.
Self-reported Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Authors: S. Oyewole Oyewumi , A. Adewale Adedotun , O. Oyetola Elijah 
Published: August 2022

Background: The quality and quantity of sleep is strongly related to physiological and physical health and other measures of wellbeing. Undergraduates are particularly susceptible to increasing academic and social demands that can cause sleep quality.
Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of self-reported sleep quality among undergraduates and the association between certain academic and non-academic related factors and quality of sleep.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional study among three hundred and twenty-seven undergraduates of the College of Health Sciences, faculty of law and faculty of art of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife who registered for the 2018/2019 academic session. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and academic information (including the number of courses per semester, Cumulative grade point average (CGPA) and carried over course(s)). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality.
Results: The mean age of participants was 22 years. The prevalence of self- reported sleep quality among the participants was 35.8%. Female students (66.3%) had better sleep quality when compared with their male counterparts (61.7%). Bivariate analysis shows a statistically significant association between the course of study and the quality of sleep (p=0.003). Total average sleep hour per day (p=0.002) and known environmental factors affecting bedtime or sleep pattern (p=0.01) also showed statistically significant association with sleep quality.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-reported impaired sleep quality among the undergraduate population in which this study was conducted. The course being studied, total average sleep hours in a day and environmental factors were associated with the quality of sleep.
Patterns of Practice and Improvements in Survival Among Patients With Stage 2/3 Rectal Cancer Treated With Trimodality Therapy
Authors: Kennecke Hagen F. , Bahnson Henry T. , Lin Bruce , O’Rourke Colin , Kaplan Jennifer , Pham Huong , Suen Andrew , Simianu Vlad V. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceThis study quantifies the trends in trimodality therapy use and its association with pathologic stage and overall survival of patients with rectal cancer at the population level.ObjectiveTo describe changes between 2006 and 2016 in the sequence and use of chemotherapy/radiation therapy (C/RT), multiagent (MA) chemotherapy, and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with stage 2/3 rectal cancer and identify associations with pathologic stage and survival over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort analysis included patient records from the National Cancer Database between 2006 and 2016. Of 110 372 patient records, 77 905 were excluded owing to not receiving trimodality therapy and other predefined exclusion criteria. The final analytic cohort comprised 32 467 patients records treated with trimodality therapy, with 24 297 considered in the survival analysis. Data analysis was performed between June 2020 and December 2021.ExposuresTrimodality therapy was defined as including all of the following: definitive surgery; radiation therapy (RT), alone or in combination with chemotherapy; and neoadjuvant/adjuvant single-agent (SA) or multiagent (MA) chemotherapy independent of RT.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUsing Cox multivariable survival analyses across demographics, surgery type, stage, year of diagnosis, and facility type, treatment groups were allocated as the following: group A: TNT (n = 8883 [27%]); group B: preoperative C/RT plus postoperative SA chemotherapy (n = 5967 [18%]); group C: preoperative C/RT plus postoperative MA chemotherapy (n = 12 926 [40%]); and group D: postoperative C/RT plus MA chemotherapy (n = 4689 [14%]).ResultsThe final analytic cohort comprised 32 467 patients (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 57.6 [11.6] years; 12 549 [38.7%] women and 19 918 [61.3%] men). Comparing 2016 with 2006, treatment shifted to fewer patients receiving postoperative C/RT (group D) (28% vs 8%; P &amp;lt; .001), and more preoperative C/RT and postoperative MA chemotherapy (group C) (24% vs 45%; P &amp;lt; .001) being used. While clinical stage 2 and 3 distribution remained unchanged, pathologic downstaging was observed to stages 0, 1, 2, and 3: 0.60%, 10%, 31%, and 57% vs 2.8%, 22%, 29%, and 45%, from 2006 to 2015, respectively (P &amp;lt; .001). More recent year of diagnosis was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.87) for mortality within 36 months after diagnosis (2015 vs 2006).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the shift toward preoperative C/RT and lower pathologic stage was associated with improved overall survival in stage 2/3 rectal cancers.
Integrated Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite/Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells with Efficiencies > 24%
Authors: Zhou Xianyong , Zhang Luozheng , Yu Jianwei , Wang Dong , Liu Chang , Chen Shi , Li Yaru , Li Yan , Zhang Meiqing , Peng Yuanjun , Tian Yanqing , Huang Jinsong , Wang Xingzhu , Guo Xugang , Xu Baomin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHere, the authors report a highly efficient integrated ideal‐bandgap perovskite/bulk‐heterojunction solar cell (IPBSC) with an inverted architecture, featuring a near infrared (NIR) polymer DTBTI‐based bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) layer atop guanidinium bromide (GABr)‐modified FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.7Sn0.3I3 perovskite film as the photoactive layer. The IPBSC shows cascade‐like energy level alignment between the charge‐extractionlayer/perovskite/BHJ and efficient passivation effect of BHJ on perovskite. Thanks to the well‐matched energy level alignment and high‐quality ideal bandgap‐based perovskite film, an efficient charge transfer occurs between the charge‐extraction‐layer/perovskite/BHJ. Moreover, the NIR polymer DTBTI on the perovskite film leads to an improved NIR light response for the IPBSC. In addition, the O, S and N atoms in the DTBTI polymer yield a strong interaction with perovskite, which is conducive to reducing the defects of the perovskite and suppressing charge recombination. As a result, the solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.27% (certificated value at 23.4% with 0.283‐volt voltage loss), currently the recorded efficiency for both IPBSCs and Pb‐Sn alloyed PSCs, and which is over the highest efficiency of perovskite–organic tandem solar cell. Moreover, the thermal, humidity and long‐term operational stabilities of the IPBSCs are also significantly improved compared with the control PSCs.
Priority and Prospect of Sulfide‐Based Solid‐Electrolyte Membrane
Authors: Liu Hong , Liang Yuhao , Wang Chao , Li Dabing , Yan Xiaoqin , Nan Ce‐Wen , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) promise sustainable energy storage systems with energy‐dense integration and critical intrinsic safety, yet they still require cost‐effective manufacturing and the integration of thin membrane‐based SE separators into large‐format cells to achieve scalable deployment. This review, based on an overview of sulfide SE materials, is expounded on why implementing a thin membrane‐based separator is the priority for mass production of ASSLBs and critical criteria for capturing a high‐quality thin sulfide SE membrane are identified. Moreover, from the aspects of material availability, membrane processing, and cell integration, the major challenges and associated strategies are described to meet these criteria throughout the whole manufacturing chain to provide a realistic assessment of the current status of sulfide SE membranes. Finally, future directions and prospects for scalable and manufacturable sulfide SE membranes for ASSLBs are presented.
Mechanically‐Reconfigurable Edge States in an Ultrathin Valley‐Hall Topological Metamaterial
Authors: Liu Yahong , Ren Huiling , Tao Liyun , Du Lianlian , Zhou Xin , Li Meize , Song Kun , Ji Ruonan , Zhao Xiaopeng , Navarro‐Cía Miguel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBroadband topological metamaterials hold the key for designing the next generation of integrated photonic platforms and microwave devices given their protected back‐scattering‐free and unidirectional edge states, among other exotic properties. However, synthesizing such metamaterial has proven challenging. Here, a broadband bandgap (relative bandwidth of more than 43%) Valley‐Hall topological metamaterial with deep subwavelength thickness is proposed. The present topological metamaterial is composed of three layers printed circuit boards whose total thickness is 1.524 mm ≈ λ/100. The topological phase transition is achieved by introducing an asymmetry parameter δr. Three mechanically reconfigurable edge states can be obtained by varying interlayer displacement. Their robust transmission is demonstrated through two kinds of waveguide domain walls with cavities and disorders. Exploiting the proposed topological metamaterial, a six‐way power divider is constructed and measured as a proof‐of‐concept of the potential of the proposed technology for future electromagnetic devices.