bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coinfection With SARS-CoV-2 and Dengue Virus: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Hariadi Prasetyo , Lokida Dewi , Menur Naysilla Adhella , Lukman Nurhayati , Kosasih Herman , Mardian Yan , Andru Gestana , Pertiwi Inggar , Sugiyono Retna I. , Pradana Antonius A. , Salim Gustiani , Butar-butar Deni P. , Lau Chuen-Yen , Karyana Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSince its emergence in China, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 240 million people worldwide, including in regions where dengue virus (DENV) is hyperendemic such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. Diagnosis of COVID-19 in dengue endemic regions as well as DENV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection can be challenging.Case PresentationWe describe a 68-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type II who was admitted to the Tangerang District Hospital on 14 April 2020. She lived in a neighborhood where a few people were contracting dengue fever. She presented with five days of fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, myalgia, and arthralgia. Hematology revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, normal leukocyte count, increased neutrophil proportion, and decreased lymphocyte proportion and absolute lymphocytes. Her chest X-ray showed right pericardial infiltrates. Although dengue was clinically suspected, she was also tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection as she met screening criteria. After being confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR, she was treated with ceftriaxone, paracetamol, azithromycin, oseltamivir, and chloroquine. She was clinically improved four days later and discharged from the hospital on 25 April 2020 after SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was negative on two consecutive samples. Dengue was diagnosed retrospectively based on sero-conversion of dengue IgM and a very high dengue IgG index (ELISA, Focus Diagnostics®, Cypress, CA, USA), and sero-conversion of dengue IgM and positive IgG (Rapid test, PanBio ®Dengue duo cassette, Inverness Medical Innovations, QLD, AU), which was equivalent to high Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) antibody titer (≥1280) found in secondary dengue infection.ConclusionThe overlapping clinical presentations of COVID-19 and dengue; limited diagnostic capacity of laboratories in resource constrained settings; and complexities of interpreting results make identification of COVID-19 in the dengue endemic setting challenging. Clinicians in endemic areas must be aware of diagnostic challenges and maintain a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 coinfection with DENV and other tropical pathogens.
The Distribution of K. pneumoniae in Different Specimen Sources and Its Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Sichuan, China From 2017 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Dan , Huang Xiangning , Long Shanshan , Yu Hua 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe aim to analyze the distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae in different specimen sources and its antibiotic resistance trends from the Antimicrobial Resistant Investigation Network of Sichuan Province (ARINSP) between 2017 and 2020.MethodsAccording to the monitoring scheme, each participating hospital identified the bacteria and performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests using approved procedures. The data of non-repetitive isolates collected from outpatients and inpatients were submitted to ARINSP. The WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the results according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).ResultsBetween 2017 and 2020, 833,408 non-repetitive clinical isolates of bacteria were isolated in total. The bacterial strains isolated from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage accounted for 48.7, 56.4, 49.2, and 43.7% from 2017 to 2020 respectively, among all sources. The number of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage increased from 18,809 in 2018, 19,742 in 2019, to 19,376 in 2020, playing a predominant role among all specimens. Meropenem-resistant K. pneumoniae occurrences (5.7% in 2017, 7.3% in 2018, 8.0% in 2019, and 7.5% in 2020) remained highest among carbapenems, and increased slightly over time. The resistance rate to tigecycline remained lowest, and declined from 2.4% in 2017, to 0.4% in 2018, and from 0.7% in 2019, to 0.6% in 2020.ConclusionThe overall resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems increased in Sichuan Province, giving a significant challenge to control K. pneumoniae related infections. Tigecycline has retained activity to against K. pneumoniae. Ongoing surveillance is essential. It can help for implementing intervention programs to reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and to provide with a rational use of antimicrobials.
Synergistic Inhibition of Plantaricin E/F and Lactic Acid Against Aeromonas hydrophila LPL-1 Reveals the Novel Potential of Class IIb Bacteriocin
Authors: Wang Yang , Wei Yunlu , Shang Nan , Li Pinglan 
Published: February 2022

Plantaricin E/F (PlnEF) is a pair of two-component class IIb bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. PlnEF commonly displays potent antimicrobial activity against certain Gram-positive organisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic activity of PlnEF combined with lactic acid against Gram-negative food and aquaculture potential pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila LPL-1, which is naturally resistant to PlnEF. We applied SDS-PAGE, wavelength-scanning, laser confocal microscopy, flow cytometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and two-dimensional electrophoresis to investigate their synergistic inhibitory activities. The results showed that L-lactic acid drove the release of LPS from A. hydrophila, making it possible for PlnEF to contact the inner cell membrane of A. hydrophila. Besides, co-treatment of lactic acid and PlnEF caused severe morphological and intracellular changes of A. hydrophila, including blebs on the cell surface, abnormal cell elongation, inner membrane disruption, pore-forming through the outer and inner membrane, coagulation of the cytoplasm, and structural transformation of DNA. Protein profile analysis revealed that combined treatment of lactic acid and PlnEF inhibited the energy metabolism, protein synthesis, protein folding, and DNA replication in A. hydrophila. These findings proved that PlnEF combined with lactic acid was efficient against A. hydrophila and shed light on bacteriocin’s potential and a new inhibition mechanism against A. hydrophila.ImportanceBacteriocins and their producing strains are increasingly used to substitute artificial preservatives and antibiotics in the food and aquaculture industries. However, the bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are efficient to mainly Gram-positive bacteria. Our paper had demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of class IIb bacteriocin against potential Gram-negative pathogen, A. hydrophila LPL-1, when combined with lactic acid. The results could refresh our knowledge about the potential of class IIb bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.
Preoperative Differentiation of Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma From Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Nomogram Based on Ultrasonographic Features and Clinical Indicators
Authors: Chen Yanling , Lu Qing , Zhang Weibin , Cao Jiaying , Dong Yi , Wang Wenping 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo establish a predictive nomogram to distinguish combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) based on preoperative clinical and ultrasound findings.MethodsA total of 261 patients with pathologically confirmed primary liver cancers (PLCs) were enrolled in this retrospective study, comprising 87 CHCs, 87 HCCs, and 87 ICCs matched by propensity score matching. Patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation one at the ratio of 7:3. A nomogram integrating ultrasound imaging characteristics and clinical features was established based on the independent risk factors selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in the training and validation cohorts in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.ResultsThe nomogram, consisting of ultrasound imaging features (shape and margin on B-mode ultrasound, enhanced pattern on contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and clinical information [elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) α1 level], showed promising performance in differentiating CHC from HCC and ICC, with the concordance index (C-index) of 0.8275 and 0.8530 in the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. Hosmer–Lemeshow test and the calibration curves suggested good consistency between predictions and observations. High clinical practicability was confirmed by the decision curve analysis.ConclusionsThe nomogram based on clinical and ultrasound imaging characteristics showed good performance in the discrimination of CHC from other subtypes of PLC and would be valuable in clinical decision-making.
Radiomic Analysis of Tumour Heterogeneity Using MRI in Head and Neck Cancer Following Chemoradiotherapy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Guha Amrita , Anjari Mustafa , Cook Gary , Goh Vicky , Connor Steve 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate interval changes in heterogeneity on diffusion-weighted apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and T1-weighted post-gadolinium (T1w post gad) MRI in head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC), with and without chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) response.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study included 24 participants (20 men, age 62.9 ± 8.8 years) with stage III and IV HNSCC. The primary tumour (n = 23) and largest lymph node (n = 22) dimensions, histogram parameters and grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters were measured on ADC maps and T1w post gad sequences, performed pretreatment and 6 and 12 weeks post CRT. The 2-year treatment response at primary and nodal sites was recorded. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare interval changes in parameters after stratifying for treatment response and failure (p &lt; 0.001 statistical significance).Results23/23 primary tumours and 18/22 nodes responded to CRT at 2 years. Responding HNSCC demonstrated a significant interval change in ADC histogram parameters (kurtosis, coefficient of variation, entropy, energy for primary tumour; kurtosis for nodes) and T1w post gad GLCM (entropy and contrast in the primary tumour and nodes) by 6 weeks post CRT (p &lt; 0.001). Lymph nodes with treatment failure did not demonstrate an interval alteration in heterogeneity parameters.ConclusionsADC maps and T1w post gad MRI demonstrate the evolution of heterogeneity parameters in successfully treated HNSCC by 6 weeks post CRT; however, this is not observed in lymph nodes failing treatment.Advances in KnowledgeEarly reduction in heterogeneity is demonstrated on MRI when HNSCC responds to CRT.
Identification of lncRNA Signature of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes With Potential Implications for Prognosis and Chemotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Liping , Yang Gui , Liu Guohong , Pan Yunbao 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: We systematically analyzed HNSCC-infiltrating T lymphocytes lncRNAs (HILTlncRNAs) to assess their predictive value for the survival outcome and immunotherapy response of patients with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy and to evaluate their predictive power to chemotherapeutic agents.Methods: HNSCC transcriptome and clinical information was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunocell microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. T-cell-specific lncRNAs were identified by differential expression analysis. Prognostic paired HILTlncRNAs (PHILTlncRNAs) were filtered and modeled by univariate cox, lasso and multivariate cox regression analysis. To construct lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks, differentially expressed mRNAs in HNSCC patients were incorporated, microRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs interacting with T-cell-specific lncRNAs were filtered out based on miRcode, miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases.Results: 75 T-cell-specific lncRNAs and 9 prognostic PHILTlncRNAs were identified. Low-risk HNSCC patients had a better prognosis and significant immune cell infiltration, driving the immune response. Differential expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), PD-1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) was demonstrated in the high and low risk groups of HNSCC patients. In the high risk group, high expression of PD-1 improved patient prognosis, whereas the opposite was observed in the low-risk group. The promoter methylation levels of two RBPs (DNMT1 and ZC3H12D) were decreased in HNSCC patients compared with normal samples, their expression levels were positively correlated with PD-1 and PD-L1 levels and T-cell infiltration. Finally, we screened the sensitivity of HNSCC patients to chemotherapeutic agents and found it differed between high and low risk groups.Conclusion: HILTlncRNAs provided a theoretical basis for immune targeted therapy and drug development.
Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Increases in Peripheral Catecholamines are Associated With Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Boyda Heidi N. , Pham Michelle , Huang Joyce , Ho Amanzo A. , Procyshyn Ric M. , Yuen Jessica W. Y , Honer William G. , Barr Alasdair M. 
Published: February 2022

The second-generation antipsychotic drugs are widely used in the field of psychiatry, for an expanding number of different conditions. While their clinical efficacy remains indispensable, many of the drugs can cause severe metabolic side-effects, resulting in an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. The physiological basis of these side-effects remains an ongoing area of investigation. In the present study, we examined the potential role of peripheral catecholamines in antipsychotic-induced glucose intolerance. Adult female rats were acutely treated with either the first-generation antipsychotic drug haloperidol (0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or the second-generation drugs risperidone (0.25, 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg), olanzapine (1.5, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg) or clozapine (2, 10 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle. Fasting glucose levels were measured and then animals were subjected to the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Levels of peripheral norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were concurrently measured in the same animals 75, 105 and 135 min after drug treatment. All antipsychotics caused glucose intolerance, with strongest effects by clozapine &gt; olanzapine &gt; risperidone &gt; haloperidol. Plasma catecholamines were also increased by drug treatment, with greatest effects for norepinephrine and epinephrine caused by clozapine &gt; risperidone &gt; olanzapine &gt; haloperidol. Importantly, there were strong and statistically significant associations between norepinephrine/epinephrine levels and glucose intolerance for all drugs. These findings confirm that increases in peripheral catecholamines co-occur in animals that exhibit antipsychotic-induced glucose intolerance, and these effects are strongly associated with each other, providing further evidence for elevated catecholamines as a substrate for antipsychotic metabolic side-effects.
Butin Attenuates Arthritis in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Treated Arthritic Rats: Possibly Mediated by Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions
Authors: Alzarea Sami I. , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Alanazi Abdullah S. , Alzarea Abdulaziz I. , Alharbi Metab , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Kazmi Imran , Aljoufi Fakhria A. , Sayyed Nadeem , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

The present research work was planned to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of butin in preventing complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adult Wistar rats (200–240 g) were segregated equally into four groups: Group I (normal) and Group II complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA control) were administered orally with 3 ml/kg of 0.5% SCMC (vehicle); Group III and Group IV were test groups and orally administered 25 and 50 mg/kg of butin. These oral treatments were administered for a total of 21 days. In the 21-day treatment schedule, on the first day, animals from group I (normal control) were injected a single dose of normal saline (0.1 ml) intradermally into one of the hind paws, and animals from Group II to IV were injected CFA (0.1 ml) intradermally into one of the hind paws. During the treatment schedule, the volume of the hind paw and body weight were recorded at every 7 days intervals, and animals were scored for severe arthritis on days 17, 19, and 21. On the 22nd day, samples of blood were withdrawn by puncturing the retro-orbital sinus for analysis of RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, ALT, AST, ALP, PGE2, and cytokines. After blood withdrawal, animals were euthanized; the paw was separated by cutting at the ankle joint and used for analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, as well as for the histopathological study. Administration of butin to CFA-treated animals significantly attenuated the CFA-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and reversed the histopathological alteration towards normal. According to the findings, butin has anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties in rats with CFA-induced arthritis.
Chronic Administration of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist (JWH-133) Increases Ectopic Ovarian Tumor Growth and Endocannabinoids (Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol) Levels in Immunocompromised SCID Female Mice
Authors: Blanton Henry L. , McHann Melissa C. , De Selle Haley , Dancel Canice Lei , Redondo Jose-Luis , Molehin Deborah , German Nadezhda A. , Trasti Scott , Pruitt Kevin , Castro-Piedras Isabel , Guindon Josée 
Published: February 2022

Cannabinoid-based therapies are increasingly being used by cancer patients to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Recently, cannabinoids have gained increased attention for their effects on cancer growth. Indeed, the effect of CB2 (JWH-015, JWH-133) agonists on breast cancer models have shown to reduce the size of breast cancer tumors. However, these studies assessing breast cancer progression were using CB2 agonist administered early into the cancer progression therefore assessing their effects on already established tumors is a critical need. In our study, we evaluate tumor growth using an ectopic xenograft ovarian (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-5) cancer model. The impact of chronic (30 days) administration of CB2 (JWH-133) agonist will be evaluated and started on 30 days of ectopic ovarian tumors. We will then evaluate and determine the mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer tumor growth by measuring levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol as well as protein levels of CB1, CB2, ERα, ERβ, GPER, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in ovarian and tumor tissues. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in ectopic ovarian tumor growth following chronic administration of JWH-133. Ovarian cancer tumor tissues chronically (30 days) treated with JWH-133 in comparison to vehicle treated groups showed an increase in endocannabinoid (AEA and 2-AG) and protein (CB2 and TNFα) levels with a decrease in GPER protein levels. Interestingly, our study emphasizes the importance of studying the impact of cannabinoid compounds on already established tumors to improve our understanding of cannabinoid-based therapies and, therefore better address clinical needs in cancer patients.
The Blind Spot of Pharmacology: A Scoping Review of Drug Metabolism in Prematurely Born Children
Authors: Mørk Mette Louise , Andersen Jón Trærup , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Gade Christina 
Published: February 2022

The limit for possible survival after extremely preterm birth has steadily improved and consequently, more premature neonates with increasingly lower gestational age at birth now require care. This specialized care often include intensive pharmacological treatment, yet there is currently insufficient knowledge of gestational age dependent differences in drug metabolism. This potentially puts the preterm neonates at risk of receiving sub-optimal drug doses with a subsequent increased risk of adverse or insufficient drug effects, and often pediatricians are forced to prescribe medication as off-label or even off-science. In this review, we present some of the particularities of drug disposition and metabolism in preterm neonates. We highlight the challenges in pharmacometrics studies on hepatic drug metabolism in preterm and particularly extremely (less than 28 weeks of gestation) preterm neonates by conducting a scoping review of published literature. We find that &gt;40% of included studies failed to report a clear distinction between term and preterm children in the presentation of results making direct interpretation for preterm neonates difficult. We present summarized findings of pharmacokinetic studies done on the major CYP sub-systems, but formal meta analyses were not possible due the overall heterogeneous approaches to measuring the phase I and II pathways metabolism in preterm neonates, often with use of opportunistic sampling. We find this to be a testament to the practical and ethical challenges in measuring pharmacokinetic activity in preterm neonates. The future calls for optimized designs in pharmacometrics studies, including PK/PD modeling-methods and other sample reducing techniques. Future studies should also preferably be a collaboration between neonatologists and clinical pharmacologists.
Enabling Self-Directed Academic and Personal Wellbeing Through Cognitive Education
Authors: Van Tonder Gideon P. , Kloppers Magdalena M. , Grosser Mary M. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe international crisis of declining learner wellbeing exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic with its devastating effects on physical health and wellbeing, impels the prioritization of initiatives for specifically enabling academic and personal wellbeing among school learners to ensure autonomous functioning and flourishing in academic and daily life. Research emphasizes the role of self-directed action in fostering wellbeing. However, there is limited research evidence of how self-directed action among school learners could be advanced.AimWe explore the effectiveness of an intervention initiative that exposes teachers to foregrounding Cognitive Education – the explicit and purposeful teaching of thinking skills and dispositions to learners that would advance self-regulated action - to establish the latent potential of the intervention for assisting learners to develop self-regulating abilities that progressively inspires increased self-directed action.MethodWe illuminate the qualitative outcomes of an exploratory pilot study with a heterogeneous group of willing in-service teachers from two public primary schools (n = 12), one private primary school (n = 3), and one pre-school (n = 2) in South Africa who received exposure to an 80-h intervention that comprised seven study units. The article delineates the experiences of the teachers concerning their participation in the intervention as reflected in their written reflections, as well as their perceptions about the value of the intervention probed with semi-structured one-on-one interviews after completion of the intervention.ResultsThe findings revealed that exposure to the intervention holds benefits for equipping teachers with teaching strategies to create classroom conditions that nurture the development of thinking skills and dispositions that are important for self-regulating, and ultimately self-directing academic and personal wellbeing.ConclusionCognitive Education is a form of strengths-based education that can play an indispensable role in enabling self-directed academic and personal wellbeing among school learners.