bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and features of metacognition and perception of everyday life
Authors: Lianguzova V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn our study, we aimed to understand how an individual perceives everyday life, as well as, which role the features of metacognitions and personality play in this process. Everyone is immersed in society and therefore exposed to external influences. Attention has already been focused on the relationship between metacognition and social context. “Internal orientation” depends largely on our personal and family history, socio-economic situation, group membership, and cultural context.ObjectivesThe sample consisted of 30 participants (women and men, M=25,7, Sd=3,6), selected by the criterion of personal interest in this research.MethodsThe study consisted of several stages. The first stage was devoted to the theoretical analysis of everyday life in modern psychology. The data were processed using descriptive qualitative analysis using the phenomenological method, where we identified categories (Central topics) among the participants ‘ responses. To study the features of metacognition, we selected methods for assessing metacognitive involvement in awareness of internal activity, as well as metacognitive beliefs. The metacognitive awareness inventory questionnaire (MAIL) (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) in adaptation (Karpov & Skiteva, 2005) allows you to assess the level of metacognitive engagement, answer the question about the level of metacognitive awareness of the participant.ResultsPearson correlation is revealed a significant relationship between MAI and cognitive self-consciousness (p=0.003), positive beliefs (p=0.002), and needs of controling the thoughts (p=0.076).ConclusionsOur research opens the study of the subjective dimensions of person-situation-activity and offers a way of linking research on personality with research on the social processes whereby persons conduct their everyday lives.
Deviations of personality development in children from families of different social status
Authors: Burlakova N. , Davidovich P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMethodological foundations of Lev Vygotsky’s school enable to reveal the mechanisms shaping personality disorders and to explore the process of disorder formation. The genesis of symptoms is examined in the context of the social situation of child’s development and historical environment.Objectives2 groups of children (aged 5,5-7): (1) upper middle class, from prestigious development center (n = 31); (2) lower middle class, from social assistance center (n = 35).MethodsThe following methods were used: СAT (Bellak); objective description of the cultural and social context of the child’s development; long-term observation.Results1) Deviations of personal development in children from the first group are expressed in individualism and related narcissism. This feature is actualized in CAT stories with the situation of rivalry between the characters (t. 1, 4, 5): the central character is either ignored by the child, or pampers the “small” character, which represents the child’s identification model (t. 3, 7). Another feature is intolerance to frustration; frustration is ignored in pictures dealing with this topic (t. 8, 10). 2) For the second group, typical features include anxiety, rigidity when acting not according to the rules. These features are manifested at the beginning of the CAT test and in situations when self-expression is required (t. 1). Moreover, children demonstrate the negative sense of self, which is expressed in identification with losing characters (t. 2) and in projections of the early social fears (t.8)ConclusionsThe social and genetic approach enables more thorough and careful examination of the onset of the deviation.
On contemporary aspects of assisted suicide at plato
Authors: Voinov A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUsually, Plato is not considered a philosopher that comprehensively treated the matter of suicide. By studying Plato’s work (especially Crito, Phaedo, the Republic and the Laws), we observe that Plato was concerned with the problem of suicide and that he gave an elaborate answer regarding the problem of suicide, laws against its practice as well as exceptions from them, customs and punishments.ObjectivesThis paper, in the light of a trial to overcome the monistic approaches of the matter of suicide, proposes the modest but fundamental goal to point out the resemblance between Plato’s position (especially from the Laws and the Republic) regarding the matter of suicide and the nowadays reasons invoked by the patients requesting assisted suicide.MethodsLooking at the patients from the United States of America which requested assisted suicide, by analyzing the available annual reports (at the time of writing this abstract, only 6 out of 9 states that have a legal status that permits assisted suicide are publishing annual reports regarding the patients and their assisted suicide requests), we compare them with Plato’s attitude towards suicide.ResultsWe observe that the most invoked reasons (concerns and underlying illnesses), by the patients wich request assisted suicide, are also the cases in which Plato permitted suicide.ConclusionsThis comparison and insight into Plato’s philosophy does not resolve any particular issues of the medical praxis but is binging out the utility of a multidisciplinary, especially philosophical and ethical, approach to the practice of assisted suicide.
Mental health and sexual health - two modern definitions and their impact on holistic care
Authors: Kosmowski W. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDefinitions of health in different branches of medicine are one of the key paradigms in medical sciences. Nowadays, there are two distinct definitions of sexual health and mental health. The definition of sexual health, as well as sexual rights, was proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006), and the definition of mental health was published in World Psychiatry (Galderisi et al, 2015).ObjectivesThe analysis and comparison of these two definitions: mental health and sexual health are two main objectives of this study.MethodsThe analysis was carried out in three areas: logic, philosophical aspects (values) and the impact of other disciplines.ResultsThe definition of sexual health reveals a eudaimonistic approach, whereas the definition of mental health is based on a holistic paradigm. Regarding the main principles in the definition of sexual heath, one can identify the following values: well-being, pleasure, safety, sexual rights – compared to harmony, empathy, coping skills, universal values in the definition of mental health. Sexual rights are a constitutive part of sexual health. There is no comparative element in the definition of mental health (e.g. the rights of mentally disabled persons).ConclusionsThese two definitions can have different effects on the prophylaxis and therapy of patients. It all depends on the specific context of care (sexology or psychiatry). Sometimes universal values matter and sometimes not. This is contradictory. Consistency is needed between definitions and practices.
Narrative exposure therapy for refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD: A review of the literature
Authors: Macallin A. , Wynn R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRefugees and asylum seekers have often been exposed to multiple or complex traumas and are known to have a high rate of trauma-related disorders. Different therapeutic approaches have been used to treat this group with varying success. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is one promising intervention for refugees and asylum seekers that are suffering from post-traumatic stress-disorder (PTSD). NET is a treatment given individually or in small groups in typically 12 sessions or less. In NET, memories are reorganized through a process involving imaginary exposure to trauma.ObjectivesTo review the literature on NET for refugees and asylum seekers suffering from PTSD.MethodsThe data bases PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science were searched using a selection of search terms, including ‘Narrative therapy’, ‘refugees’ and ‘stress disorders, post-traumatic’. The identified relevant articles were qualitatively assessed and effect sizes were compared. Methodological quality was assessed according to the GRADE-criteria.ResultsThirteen studies were assessed with a total study population of 745. Nine of the included studies were RCTs. Overall, the studies found medium to very high effects of NET. The quality of the studies varied from very low to high. More studies of NET for refugees and asylum seekers are needed, and in particular studies reporting long-term outcomes.ConclusionsThe review suggests that NET shows promise as a method for the treatment of PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers. However, the review is based on relatively few studies and more studies of long-term outcomes are particularly needed.
No distance is too far between friends: Associations of comfortable interpersonal distance with PTSD and anxiety symptoms in traumatized individuals
Authors: Haim-Nachum S. , Sopp M.R. , Michael T. , Shamay-Tsoory S. , Levy-Gigi E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPrevious research indicates that traumatized individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may show alterations in interpersonal distance regulation that are not evident in traumatized individuals without PTSD symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms of these alterations are yet to be investigated. Moreover, it is not clear whether altered interpersonal distance regulation is correlated with trauma-related psychopathology.ObjectivesThe current study investigated behavioral and neurophysiological markers of interpersonal distance regulation as predictors of PTSD and anxiety in traumatized firefighters.MethodsTwenty-four active-duty firefighters (M = 30.58, SD = 3.62) completed an experimental task that measures comfortable interpersonal distance. During the task, event-related potentials were recorded to assess attentional processing as reflected in the P1 and N1 components. Trauma-related psychopathology was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.ResultsParticipants who did not choose a closer distance towards friends as compared to strangers experienced greater anxiety post-trauma. On a neurophysiological level, participants who showed attentional avoidance towards strangers reported more PTSD symptoms. By contrast, participants who showed hypervigilant attention towards strangers reported greater anxiety.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate associations between interpersonal distance regulation and psychopathology after trauma, shedding light on the underlying processes of interpersonal distance regulation in anxiety and PTSD. Future studies should re-investigate these associations in a larger sample and explore potential implications for the prevention and treatment of trauma-related psychopathology.
Therapeutic interventions for PTSD – current evidence on the the role of psychedelics
Authors: Figueiredo I. , Viegas F. , Ferreira F. , Santos A. , Ramos J. , Miranda J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often a chronic condition, despite the existence of evidence-based treatment options. Psychotherapy is the designated first line treatment for PTSD, although high rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidity are observed among patients who have undergone treatment. The psychoactive properties of psychedelics may be of particular interest within a substance-assisted psychotherapy approach, offering new treatment opportunities for this debilitating disorder.ObjectivesReview current evidence, therapeutic context, and possible mechanisms of action of different types of psychedelics in the treatment of PTSD.MethodsLiterature review using Medline database.Results3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy appears to be a potentially safe, effective, and durable treatment for individuals with treatment-refractory PTSD. Based on a small number of studies, ketamine administration appears to result in temporary symptom relief and may, in combination with psychotherapy, lead to lasting reductions in PTSD symptoms. Although these have not yet been investigated in controlled studies, it is known that psilocybin and LSD induce psychoactive effects that could as well contribute to the psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD.ConclusionsThe use of psychedelic compounds within a substance-assisted psychotherapy framework offers a novel method for pharmacotherapy-psychotherapy integration, although there is still much to learn from both a clinical and neurobiological perspective. It is necessary to generate more data regarding the safety and efficacy of psychedelics, in addition to research on cost-effectiveness, its use in mental health care infrastructure and also regarding the training of specialized therapists.
Rorschach test with exner cs in assessing damage and trauma in suspected cases of abuse. Traumatic intrusions in thinking: Ptsd and adaptation disorder
Authors: Galletta D. , Suarato V. , Confuorto M. , Subosco F. , Mastrola A.M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis study wants to identify elements that could be informative in diagnosis and prognosis process of all those subjects who, following traumatic experiences, may develop PTSD, or even show signs of a more general and pervasive adaptation disorder, allowing a more precise damage assessment.ObjectivesIn this perspective, the analysis of the Rorschach test according to the comprehensive system of Exner, reading Structural Summary and the analysis of the constellations, allows to make interesting inferences, in all the descriptive areas associated with the key variables as regards not only the cognitive area (Processing >> Mediation >> Ideation) but also the affective and relational area (Interpersonal Perception >> Self-Perception >> Controll >> Affect), so as to have a picture of the functioning of these subjects and, to be able to plan a more functional therapeutic plan.MethodsIt is based on a sample of 29 subjects, 20 women and 9 men with an average age of about 35 years (54-14 years), who came to the attention of the clinic, at the request of the reference psychiatrist for diagnostic personality assessment. All subjects complained of various kinds of discomfort, affective-relational difficulties and anxious-depressive symptoms.ResultsThe results that emerged, in line with the initial hypotheses, converge in describing a personality style, not very resilient that could suffer in overcoming difficulties and in the search for new equilibrium.ConclusionsIt’s emphasized how the weight of a traumatic event like abuse can evolve into an adaptation disorder,strongly affecting the functionality of the subjects and their social integration.
Vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin as a potential novel endocrine biomarker for antidepressant treatment response in major depression: A pilot study
Authors: Agorastos A. , Sommer A. , Wiedemann K. , Demiralay C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although efficacious antidepressant pharmacotherapies exist for MDD, only about 40-60% of the patients respond to initial treatment. However, there is still a lack of robustly established and applicable biomarkers for antidepressant response in everyday clinical practice.ObjectivesThis study targets the assessment of the vasopressin (AVP) surrogate marker Copeptin (CoP), as a potential peripheral hypothalamic-level biomarker of antidepressant treatment response in MDD.MethodsWe measured baseline and dynamic levels of plasma CoP along with plasma ACTH and cortisol (CORT) in drug-naive outpatients with MDD before and after overnight manipulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [i.e., stimulation (metyrapone) and suppression (dexamethasone)] on three consecutive days and their association with treatment response to 4 weeks of escitalopram treatment.ResultsOur findings suggest significantly higher baseline and post-metyrapone plasma CoP levels in future non-responders, a statistically significant invert association between baseline CoP levels and probability of treatment response and a potential baseline plasma CoP cut-off level of above 2.9 pmol/L for future non-response screening. Baseline and dynamic plasma ACTH and CORT levels showed no association with treatment response.ConclusionsThis pilot study provide first evidence in humans that CoP may represent a novel, clinically easily applicable, endocrine biomarker of antidepressant response, based on a single-measurement, cut-off level. These findings, underline the role of the vasopressinergic system in the pathophysiology of MDD and may represent a significant new tool in the clinical and biological phenotyping of MDD enhancing individual-tailored therapies.
Mental health in time of pandemics: Study protocol to incorporate risk and protective factors contributing to psychological stress among portuguese and swiss higher education students
Authors: Laranjeira C. , Querido A. , Valentim O. , Charepe Z. , Dixe M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is inducing fear, and a timely understanding of mental health status is urgently needed for society. Previous research has revealed a profound and wide range of psychosocial impacts on people at the individual, community, and international levels. On an individual level, people are likely to experience fear of falling sick or dying themselves, feelings of helplessness, and stigma. Currently, there is little understanding of mental well-being assessment under scenarios of pandemics that oblige to social isolation and quarantine.ObjectivesThis study aims to: a) establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms; b) identify risk and protective factors contributing to psychological stress; and c) identify coping strategies to promote better adjustment during and after the pandemic crisis.MethodsWe will adopt a mixed-method approach, firstly with a cross-sectional survey design (in both Portugal and Swiss context) to assess the higher education student’s psychosocial response during and after the pandemic, by using an anonymous online questionnaire. In a 2nd phase, and in order to gain more insight into the psychological stress faced by the students as a result of pandemic, a qualitative approach was chosen, focusing on the experiences of the participants.ResultsThis study has received ethical approval from both international and local institutional review boards. Data collection will start in November 2020 and will be completed at February 2021.ConclusionsThe findings of this study will provide important data to assist government agencies and healthcare professionals in safeguarding the psychosocial wellbeing of the community in the face of COVID-19 outbreak expansion.
Time perspective and psychological hardiness mediate a COVID-19 related life threat
Authors: Nikolaev E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUnpredictable risks of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality make people suffer from threats and fears. Are there any psychological personality traits that correlate with a decrement in such feelings?ObjectivesTo specify the relationship between psychological characteristics of time perspective, hardiness and COVID-19-related life threat.MethodsWe used Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Maddi Hardiness Scale and a 17-point Attitude towards COVID-19 Questionnaire to question 327 Russian university students on social networks. The survey was carried out in the second half of May 2020 in the period of increasing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates. The mean age of the respondents was 21.24±2.84; most of them were females (61.16%).ResultsThe survey showed that every fifth respondent had a high level of COVID-19-related life threat (21.10 %). At the same time, every tenth of the respondents (10.09%) saw no threat to their life in the situation of a fast spreading dangerous novel coronavirus infection. According to the correlation analysis, decrement in feeling personal threat related to the spread of COVID-19 was directly associated (p<0.05) with low indicators on the scales of Negative Past (r=0.16), Hedonistic Present (r=0.13) and Fatalistic Present (r=0.17). Certain inverse relation was found between the level of COVID-19 related life threat and such indicators as psychological hardiness – commitment (r=-0.16), and challenge (r=-0.23).ConclusionsDispositional orientation to the present and future, as well as psychological characteristics of hardiness may mediate COVID-19 related life threat; therefore, these may be used as a possible basis for preventing stress and mental disorders in population.
Professional satisfaction of nurses in psychosocial rehabilitation services
Authors: Zartaloudi A. , Karvouni L. , Adamakidou T. , Mantzorou M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe increase of job satisfaction in mental health nurses, working in community mental facilities, helps them to become more efficient and understand the needs of individuals suffering from mental health problems.ObjectivesTo investigate sociodemographic and job characteristics, as well as the level of professional satisfaction of nurses working in psychosocial rehabilitation facilities of the psychiatric hospital of Athens, named Dafni.Methods220 nurses, working in the field of psychosocial rehabilitation completed (a) a sociodemographic questionnaire, (b) Spectοr’s Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS).ResultsNursing staff consists of mental health nurses (44.1%) and nursing assistants (55.9%) in the present study. 90% of the participants were female; while the 65% were married, the 19.5% had a university-level education and the 25% had administrative responsibilities. The 44.1% of our sample worked in hostels, 41.8% in nursing homes and 6.8% in Community Mental Health Centers. More specifically, moderate levels of total professional satisfaction were observed. Concerning the dimensions of satisfaction, low satisfaction rates were recorded in “salary”, “promotion” and in “privileges and benefits”. High satisfaction rates were recorded in “supervision by their superiors”, “cooperation between colleagues” and “the nature of their work”, while moderate satisfaction rates were reported in “communication” within facilities, as far as the explanation of tasks and objectives is concerned.ConclusionsThe results can be exploited by those with administrative and scientific responsibilities in the field of mental health in order to recognize nurses’ difficulties and solve their problems in psychosocial rehabilitation facilities.