bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological 12-hour rhythm facilitates re-entrainment from circadian desynchrony and promotes psychological resilience during long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Otsuka Kuniaki , Cornelissen Germaine , Furukawa Satoshi , Kubo Yutaka , Shibata Koichi , Mizuno Koh , Aiba Tatsuya , Ohshima Hiroshi , Mukai Chiaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects brain’s ‘vertical integration’ in association with functions of the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). We investigate the role of 12-h components in HRV endpoints in facilitating adaptation to the space environment. Ambulatory 24-h electrocardiograms were obtained from 20 healthy astronauts (47.2 ± 5.9 years) before launch, twice in space (ISS01 on days 21.7 ± 2.9 and ISS02 on days 159.2 ± 46.1), and after return to Earth. Astronauts were classified depending on whether the 12-h amplitude of the TF-component of HRV during ISS01 versus pre-flight increased (Group I, N = 11) or not (Group II, N = 9). In Group I, the circadian acrophases of TF- and ULF-components were delayed during ISS01 versus pre-launch, whereas in Group II, the circadian acrophase of the MF1-band advanced. Lower HRV spectral power indicated psychological resilience during both ISS01 and ISS02 in association with the brain’s DMN and SN. Since adverse consequences of circadian desynchrony may be more pronounced due to phase advances than to phase delays, the differential behavior of the 12-h component between Groups I and II suggests its amenability to manipulation in interventions aimed at improving space adaptation.
Sustaining the quality of Hypertension Control Initiative: Study of primary health intervention in Kerala
Authors: R Anju , Kannan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-communicable diseases programmes need to use social science for improving the quality and safety during implementation. Emphasising only the epidemiological parameters undermine the quality of healthcare provision. Implementation research at the health care delivery level of the India Hypertension Control Initiative was studied and the strategies and best practices were documented.
Methods
Cross sectional survey conducted among 295 Healthcare Providers from different strata in 42 public health institutions of Thrissur district, Kerala. Using Donabedian quality of care model, structure and process indicators were studied. The personnel include, medical officers, nursing officers, dieticians, pharmacists, junior health staffs, and field level works at different levels of primary care were observed.
Results
There were inadequacies in human and material resources. Lack of recommended skills, inadequacy in training (66%) were directly associated with the quality of services delivered. Opportunistic screening (26%), defaulter retrieval (55%), and organized referral system were inadequate. Task sharing and monitoring were followed in all the institutions. While better patient care was widely recognized as strength, interrupted drug supply was a limitation. The initiative added more workload for the health workers.
Conclusion
The assessment made based on the structural and process indicators, there found to be newer process features added to the system without increasing structural factors such as manpower hindered the quality of services provided. The inherent inadequacies in health system further deteriorated the quality.
Collective behavior of soft self-propelled disks with rotational inertia
Authors: De Karmakar Soumen , Chugh Anshika , Ganesh Rajaraman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate collective properties of a large system of soft self-propelled inertial disks with active Langevin dynamics simulation in two dimensions. Rotational inertia of the disks is found to favor motility induced phase separation (MIPS), due to increased effective persistence of the disks. The MIPS phase diagram in the parameter space of rotational inertia and disk softness is reported over a range of values of translation inertia and self-propulsion strength of the disks. Our analytical prediction of the phase boundary between the homogeneous (no-MIPS) and MIPS state in the limit of small and large rotational inertia is found to agree with the numerical data over a large range of translational inertia. Shape of the high density MIPSphase is found to change from circular to rectangular one as the system moves away from the phase boundary. Structural and dynamical properties of the system, measured by several physical quantities, are found to be invariant in the central region of the high density MIPS phase, whereas they are found to vary gradually near the peripheral region of the high density phase.Importantly, the width of the peripheral region near the phase boundary is much larger compared to the narrow peripheral region far away from the phase boundary. Rich dynamics of the disks inside the high density MIPS phase is addressed. Spatial correlation of velocity of the disks is found to increase with rotational inertia and disk hardness. However, temporal correlation of the disks’ velocity is found to be a function of rotational inertia, while it is independent of disk softness.
A physical analysis of summertime North American heatwaves
Authors: Yu Bin , Lin Hai , Mo Ruping , Li Guilong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study examines the dominant heatwave variability over North America (NA), extracted from an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of summertime monthly warm extreme index anomalies over 1959–2021. The principal mode features a dipole structure with a large area of anomaly over northwestern NA and an anomaly of opposite sign over the southern U.S. The corresponding principal component is associated with a large-scale atmospheric wave train extending from the North Pacific to North America (NP-NA) and a northeastward injection of moisture from the subtropical western Pacific towards western NA, which are key factors in supporting the NA heatwave variability. The NP-NA wave train can be systematically reinforced and supported by synoptic-scale eddies, and may also be forced by an anomalous convection over the tropical-subtropical western Pacific. Surface radiation heating directly contributes to surface temperature anomalies and is dominated by anomalous downwelling shortwave and longwave radiations. In association with a positive phase of the heatwave variability, the NP-NA wave train brings an anticyclonic anomaly over northern NA, leading to anomalous descent, reduced total cloud cover and below-normal precipitation over northern NA. Over northwestern NA, the anomalous subsidence causes air to warm through compression. Reduced cloud cover results in increased downward shortwave radiation that is a key contributor to surface radiation heating. In addition, increase in vertically integrated water vapour through the moisture injection from the North Pacific collocates with tropospheric warming. The atmosphere has more water vapor holding capability and acts as a greenhouse gas to absorb longwave radiation, leading to increased downward longwave radiation that is the second major contributor to surface radiation heating. Processes with circulation and surface radiation anomalies of opposite signs will likewise lead to the negative heatwave variability.
Correlations between proBDNF/p75NTR and inflammatory markers in patients with major depression
Authors: Yang Chun-Rui , Liang Rui , Meng Fan-Jie , Zhou Fiona , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Ning Li , Liu Yuan , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Liu Shuang , Zhou Xin-Fu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder with unclear pathogenesis. ProBDNF is a precursor protein of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Previous studies showed that blood proBDNF levels in MDD were increased. However, the relationship between proBDNF/p75NTR and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of MDD is unknown. The current study examined the expression of proBDNF and inflammatory markers in patients with major depression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were obtained from depressive patients (n = 32) and normal donors (n = 20). We examined the mRNA and protein expression of proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathway, as well as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in human PBMCs. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) levels of these factors in the sera were also examined. Furthermore, the correlations between each factor and severity of major depression were tested. Of biomarkers studies, we found that proBDNF, p75NTR and sortilin production were significantly increased in PBMCs from MDD patients compared with that from the normal donors. The upregulation of p75NTR in PBMCs was most obvious as determined by qPRC and Western blots. Interestingly, the expression of proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathway in PBMC could be reversed after therapeutic management. Inflammatory cytokines in PBMC from MDD patients were also increased. Consistently, ELISA showed that the levels of p75NTR, sortilin, IL-1β and IL-10 in the serum of major depression were also increased compared with normal donors, and positively correlated with the major depression scores. The levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were also positively correlated with the major depression scores. Intriguingly, the levels of sortilin was positively correlated with IL-1β. Further flow cytometry studies showed that the number of proBDNF and p75NTR positive CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells from MDD patients was increased and subsequently reversed after therapeutic management. The findings suggest that the upregulation of proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathway may relate to inflammatory markers in patients with major depression. Our data also suggest that proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathway may serve as biomarkers for MDD.
Genetic manifestations and phenotype spectrum of feeding difficulty of unknown etiology: a hospital-based cohort study
Authors: Han Mingyu , Shi Wei , Yuan Tianming , Wu Dingwen , Sun Yi , Wang Weiyan , Zhan Canyang , Hu Lingling 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Feeding difficulties of unknown etiology are often combined with multiple system disorders caused by rare genetic diseases that are difficult to diagnose only based on clinical manifestations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic causes of feeding difficulty of unknown etiology.
Methods
Patients during 2018-10 to 2022-5 diagnosed with feeding difficulty at our institution were enrolled in this cohort study. WES was performed for patients included with feeding difficulty of unknown etiology. Clinical phenotype and genetic results of those infants were analyzed.
Results
Of a total of 28 infants included in this study, 12(42.9%) cases were complicated with multiple malformations. 25(89.3%) patients had positive findings in WES, 14(50%) patients were genetically diagnosed and 8(28.6%) patients were suspected diagnosed.
Conclusions
Feeding difficulty might be part of the phenotype spectrum of rare genetic diseases. We recommend WES for patients with feeding difficulty of unknown etiology.
2060: Civilization, Energy, and Progression of Mankind on the Kardashev Scale
Authors: Zhang Antong , Yang Jiani , Luo Yangcheng , Fan Siteng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia. Humanity presently stands at Type 0.7276 on the Kardashev Scale, which was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of civilizations. Projecting the future energy consumption and estimating the change of its composition are critical in the context of civilization development. Here machine learning models, random forest (RF) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), are used to simulate and predict energy consumption on a global scale and project the position of humanity on the Kardashev Scale in 2060. The result suggests that global energy consumption is expected to reach 928-940 EJ in 2060, and our civilization is expected to achieve Type 0.7474 on the Kardashev Scale. Additionally, the potential energy segmentation changes before 2060 and present the influence of the advent of nuclear fusion in this context are discussed.
Treatment Persistence in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Lurasidone in Italian Clinical Practice
Authors: Fagiolini Andrea , Olivola Miriam , Lavatelli Lisa , Bellomo Antonello , Lobaccaro Caterina , Falsetto Nathalie , Micillo Marco , Cuomo Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and rationale
Treatment persistence combines clinician and patient judgment of efficacy, tolerability and safety into a comprehensive measure of effectiveness. Studies have reported poor treatment persistence to antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia. This study evaluated treatment persistence to lurasidone (LUR) in patients with schizophrenia in a real-world Italian setting.
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study of patients with schizophrenia who started treatment with LUR ≥6 months before inclusion. Following informed consent, data were collected starting from the index date (start of LUR treatment) at all visits occurring as per clinical practice. The primary endpoint was treatment persistence during the first 6 months, defined as the time between index date and all-cause discontinuation. Patients treated with LUR ˃180 days were considered persistent. As secondary endpoint, treatment persistence was evaluated for a period of ≥18 months.
Results
Forty-five patients were enrolled and 41 (91.11%) completed the study. Forty-one patients (91.11%) were included in the eligible population as they initiated LUR treatment ≥6 months before data collection.
Patients were 43.0±15.89 years old and 61% were female. Twenty-two patients (53.66%) started LUR treatment in a hospital setting and 19 (46.34%) in an outpatient setting. Based on Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (CGI-S) at LUR initiation, 12 patients (29.27%) were severely ill, 17.07% markedly ill, 19.51% moderately ill, 2.44% mildly ill and 4.88% borderline mentally ill.
Thirty-two patients (78.05%) were treatment persistent for ≥180 days. Among the 19 patients observed for ≥18 months, 11 (57.89%) were persistent for ≥18 months. Among the 22 study patients observed for ˂18 months, 12 (54.5%) were persistent. An improvement in schizophrenia severity according to CGI-S was observed at inclusion (following LUR therapy) compared to the index date. Six patients (14.63%) experienced at least one adverse drug reaction: akathisia (7.32%), extrapyramidal disorder (4.88%), hyperprolactinemia (2.44%), restlessness (2.44%), and galactorrhea (2.44%). None were serious.
Conclusions
Persistence to LUR in patients with schizophrenia was relatively high: 78% and 58% of patients were still on LUR after 6 and 18 months of treatment respectively. This may reflect LUR’s relatively favorable balance between efficacy and tolerability, as well as favorable patient satisfaction and acceptance.
Antibiotic use in township hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shandong, China
Authors: Wang Ting , Shen Liyan , Yin Jia , Zhou Liansheng , Sun Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The overuse of antibiotics in primary healthcare settings (PHSs) has caused a serious public health problem in China. The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has brought about dramatic changes in the supply of and demand for medical services in PHSs, possibly resulting in unprecedented changes in antibiotic use.
Objective
This study aims to assess the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the changes in antibiotic consumption in PHSs.
Method
From January 2019 to December 2021, the data on antibiotic consumption were collected from selected township hospitals in Shandong, China. Antibiotic consumption was quantified by using the defined daily doses (DDDs) and the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve category. A Segmented regression model was established to analyze the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic use by using the interrupted time series analysis.
Results
The total antibiotic consumption on all PHSs decreased from 170.36 (DDDs in ten thousand) in 2019 to 128.86 (DDDs in ten thousand) in 2020/2021 with a 24.36% reduction under the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the entire study period, the use of penicillins (J01C) and cephalosporins (J01D) accounted for more than 50% of total antibiotic consumption. The average annual consumption of Watch category antibiotics in 2020/2021 down by 37.74% compared to that in 2019. According to the interrupted time series analysis, the total antibiotic consumption decreased significantly immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (coef. =-2.712, p = 0.045) and then increased significantly month-over-month in the long-term (coef. =0.205, p = 0.005). Additionally, the consumption of Access category antibiotics increased significantly in PHSs in the log-term (coef. =0.136, p = 0.018), while the consumption of Watch category antibiotics declined sharply immediately (coef. =-1.222, p < 0.001) after the pandemic but increased slightly over the long-term (coef. =0.073, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
The extensive use of penicillin and cephalosporins should be of great concern. After the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the total antibiotic consumption decreased generally and the use pattern was improved to some extent in the PHSs in Shandong, China. This provides an opportunity to improve the abuse of antibiotic in PHSs in China.
The prognostic value of gene alterations in colon cancer patients: An analysis of the cBioPortal database
Authors: Alqrache Abdulraof , Hull Jonathon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with colon cancer representing 66.7% of cases. Treatment consists of surgical resection and chemotherapy; however, this is less effective at the later stages of the disease. Gene targeted therapies represent a promising treatment option and, where available, show a significant improvement in overall patient survival. The present study investigated the genetic alteration occurring in colon cancer and used this to produce a predictive model for patient overall survival.
Methods: The data was obtained from the cBioPortal database (cbioportal.org) and was used to analyse genetic alteration in 1272 colon cancer patients. Kaplan-Meyer analysis was used to evaluate the effect of specific gene alteration and patient information on overall survival.
Results: Genetic alteration to either APC, PTPRT, SRC, and TP53 were associated with improved patient overall survival compared to wild-type. Conversely, alteration to BRAF, CSMD1, FBXW7, MACROD2, RBFOX1, SYNE1, TTN, and WWOX were associated with worse overall survival. Patient data indicated that BMI, sex, TMB, and stage at diagnosis had no significant effect in this population, whilst an age greater than 60 years and right sided cancer was associated with a worse overall survival irrespective of genetic alteration. These factors were used to produce a predictive model for colon cancer overall survival.
Conclusions: This study provides a partially predictive model for clinical research to estimate overall survival in colon cancer patients. Understanding the precise clinical significance of tumour genetics will result in a more tailored approach to the treatment of the disease.
Phytoalexin deficient 4 is associated with the lesion mimic trait in watermelon clalm mutant
Authors: Zhu Lili , Shi Jiale , Yang Congji , Liu Xueyan , Dong Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), lesion mimic is a rare, valuable trait that can be used by breeders for selection at early growth stages. In this study, we tested a seven-generation family to determine the inheritance and genetic basis of this trait. As revealed by analysis of the lesion mimic mutant clalm, this trait is controlled by a single dominant gene. Whole genome resequencing–bulked segregant analysis demonstrated that this gene is located on chromosome 4 from 3,760,000 bp to 7,440,000 bp, a region corresponding to a physical distance of 3.68 Mb encompassing approximately 72 annotated genes. There are 6 genes with non synonymous mutation SNP sites. The predicted target gene, ClCG04G001930, encodes a Phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), a protein that plays an important regulatory role in leaf senescence in many plant species. According to quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the expression level of ClCG04G001930 was significantly higher in the clalm mutant than in normal watermelon. Twelve-five SNPs were identified in the ClCG04G001930 gene of F2 individuals of the clalm mutant. The leaf SA content of clalm mutant was higher than that of normal leaf. Our results suggest that ClPAD4 might be the candidate gene responsible for lesion mimic in the clalm mutant. Our findings may serve as a foundation for elucidating the mechanism underlying the molecular metabolism of programmed cell death and should be useful for marker-assisted selection breeding in watermelon.
PreCLN: Pretrained-based Contrastive Learning Network for Vehicle Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Yan Bingqi , Zhao Geng , Song Lexue , Yu Yanwei , Dong Junyu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trajectory prediction of vehicles is of great importance to various smart city applications ranging from transportation scheduling, vehicle navigation, to location-based advertisements. Existing methods all focus on modeling spatiotemporal relations with explicit contextual semantics from labeled trajectory data, and rarely consider the effective use of large amounts of available unlabeled trajectory data with the assistance of contrastive learning and pre-training techniques. To this end, we develop a novel Pretrained-based Contrastive Learning Network (PreCLN) for vehicle trajectory prediction. Specifically, we propose a dual-view trajectory contrastive learning framework to achieve self-supervised pre-training. A Transformer-based trajectory encoder is designed to effectively capture the long-term spatiotemporal dependencies in trajectories to embed input trajectories into fixed-length representation vectors. Moreover, three auxiliary pre-training tasks, i.e, trajectory imputation, trajectory destination prediction, and trajectory-user linking, are used to assist the training of PreCLN with the dual-view trajectory contrastive learning framework. After pre-training, the result trajectory encoder is used to generate trajectory representations for future trajectory prediction. Extensive experiments on two real-world large-scale trajectory datasets demonstrate the significant superiority of PreCLN against state-of-the-art trajectory prediction baselines in terms of all evaluation metrics.