bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis on egalitarian land redistribution in Ethiopia: policy evaluation using repeated cross-sectional data
Authors: Takada Jun , Workneh Wubamlak Ayichew , Matsushita Shusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRural livelihood in Ethiopia is dependent on subsistence agriculture that has been challenged by farmland shrinkage as a result of rapid population growth. The Amhara regional state government has implemented egalitarian farmland redistribution in 1997 in the region for small-scale and landless farmers. This study aimed to seek new insights from the perspective of equity, rather than efficiency such as agricultural investment and productivity which other previous studies have focused on, and quantitatively evaluated the effect of the land redistribution on the size of farmland holdings of subsistence farmers. Large-scale repeated cross-sectional national statistics, the Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) from 1995 to 1999 were used as the data of this analysis. The difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation was applied to evaluate how the land redistribution affected farmers' farmland holdings. The results showed that farmland holding size per farmer in the Amhara Region has significantly decreased after the land redistribution, therefore, this policy achieved certain results from the egalitarian perspective since national land endowments were redistributed from large-scale farmers to small-scale and landless farmers. However, this study focused on only the short-term effect of the land redistribution and more studies are needed to clarify the long-term effect.
Does housing liquidity matter? Housing property rights and labour market participation of older migrants in China
Authors: Xiao Chengrui , Chen Lijuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper adds to the literature by identifying the effect of home ownership on rural-to-urban older migrants’ labour market participation in China. Using the 2016 wave of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we find that older migrants who do not own houses are more likely to participate in the labour market than home owners. To alleviate endogeneity caused by the potential sample selection problem, the propensity score matching method is employed. Our results imply that home ownership can be used as a type of precautionary/retirement savings for older migrants, especially for the ones lacking in financial security. We also show that older migrants owning houses with a higher level of liquidity are less likely to participate in the labour market. It indicates that liquidity may significantly affect the effectiveness for older migrants to use home ownership as precautionary/retirement savings.
A dynamic model for engineering change propagations in multiple product development stages
Authors: Li Yulaing , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenqi , Chen Meng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To accurately predict propagation dynamics for single or multiple change propagations across different product development stages in a sequential or concurrent way is critical for decision-making of implementing change requests. In this paper, a change propagation dynamic model is built based on the compartmentalization of engineering entities into susceptible engineering entities and affected engineering entities (SA), the ordinary differential equations for describing the rate of affected entities with respect to the total ones and the duration for resolving all the changes for every moment are presented by combining the calculations of change impacts with different split and joint junctions. Considering the difficulty of finding analytical solutions to the differential equations, algorithms for sequential and concurrent simulations of change propagations across different development stages, and random and GA (Genetic Algorithm)-based optimal selections of feasible propagation paths are developed to obtain numerical solutions for single and multiple change requests. Simulation results show that change ripples and blossoms can be observed in both sequential and concurrent change propagations, and these propagation patterns are not sensitive to the initial change effect and the threshold value for propagations, while critical change propagation paths and the number of initiated changes have important effects on both concurrent and sequential change propagation process. It is also demonstrated that concurrent propagation strategy is advantageous for processing single or few of initiated changes since it can shorten product redevelopment time, sequential propagation strategy has an advantage of robustness for handling multiple initiated change requests.
Sex differences in patients with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Baizabal-Carvallo José Fidel , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of motor and phonic tics. It is at least three times more common in males compared with females; however, the clinical phenomenology between sexes has not been fully examined. We aimed to contrast the clinical features between males and females with TS and chronic tic disorder.MethodsWe studied 201 consecutive patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for TS, persistent (or chronic) motor and vocal tic disorder and provisional tic disorder that were considered within the TS spectrum disorder. We performed blinded evaluations of video-recordings and retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of all patients.ResultsAge ranges between 4 and 65 years. Males represented 77.6% of patients in the cohort. Overall, no differences were observed in the frequency, distribution and complexity of tics between sexes, except for a higher frequency of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (P = .003) among males. Patients younger than 18-years old, in addition to a higher frequency of ADHD (P = .026), males had a statistically higher frequency of complex motor tics (P = .049) and earlier age at onset (P = .072) than females in the multivariate regression analysis. However, these differences were lost in patients older than 18 years, due to increased complexity of tics in females with aging.ConclusionsA sexual dimorphism was observed between patients with TS mainly before age of 18 years, suggesting an earlier onset of some types of tics and ADHD in males compared to females.
COL0RME: Super-resolution microscopy based on sparse blinking/fluctuating fluorophore localization and intensity estimation
Authors: Stergiopoulou Vasiliki , Calatroni Luca , de Morais Goulart Henrique , Schaub Sébastien , Blanc-Féraud Laure 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To overcome the physical barriers caused by light diffraction, super-resolution techniques are often applied in fluorescence microscopy. State-of-the-art approaches require specific and often demanding acquisition conditions to achieve adequate levels of both spatial and temporal resolution. Analyzing the stochastic fluctuations of the fluorescent molecules provides a solution to the aforementioned limitations, as sufficiently high spatio-temporal resolution for live-cell imaging can be achieved using common microscopes and conventional fluorescent dyes. Based on this idea, we present COL0RME, a method for covariance-based

$ {\mathrm{\ell}}_0 $

super-resolution microscopy with intensity estimation, which achieves good spatio-temporal resolution by solving a sparse optimization problem in the covariance domain and discuss automatic parameter selection strategies. The method is composed of two steps: the former where both the emitters’ independence and the sparse distribution of the fluorescent molecules are exploited to provide an accurate localization; the latter where real intensity values are estimated given the computed support. The paper is furnished with several numerical results both on synthetic and real fluorescence microscopy images and several comparisons with state-of-the art approaches are provided. Our results show that COL0RME outperforms competing methods exploiting analogously temporal fluctuations; in particular, it achieves better localization, reduces background artifacts, and avoids fine parameter tuning.
A Unifying Model for Pyroclastic Surge Genesis and Pyroclastic Flow Fluidization
Authors: Kelfoun Karim , Gueugneau Valentin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hot and fast ground‐hugging mixtures of volcanic fragments and gases, which represent a major threat to people living near explosive volcanoes. Mechanisms causing the separation into the concentrated (the pyroclastic flow) and dilute (the pyroclastic surge) layers, as well as the mechanism causing their remarkably high mobility are still unclear. Here, we present a conceptual model based on field observations of lava dome collapses, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling that unifies these mechanisms. Our model shows that they are caused by the fall of fine volcanic particles onto steep, irregular topography. The ambient air entrapped during the fall both creates the pyroclastic surge through elutriation and induces high fluidity in the pyroclastic flow by increasing its pore pressure. Our conclusion reveals the importance of topography in the destructive capacity of PDCs.
Ultralow Melting of Iron Nitrides and the Fe–N–C System at High Pressure
Authors: Lv Chaojia , Liu Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIron nitrides and carbonitrides are the two primary hosts of deep nitrogen in the Earth’s interior; hence, the storage and circulation of deep nitrogen can be largely controlled by the melting behavior of iron nitrides and the Fe–N–C system. In this study, the melting temperatures of these minerals were determined individually and jointly using the new diagnostics of electrical resistance jump up to 80 GPa in laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cells. The solidus curves of these samples are extremely low at mantle pressures, and are marginally affected by the iron spin transition, nitrogen concentration, and carbon incorporation, suggesting that nitrogen‐rich metallic liquids likely exist at depths of <1,500 km in the present‐day mantle. Meanwhile, our Raman spectra are indicative of N2 degassing out of iron nitride liquids at <12 GPa. These results suggest that low‐pressure N2 degassing in the proto‐Earth coupled with nitrogen‐rich liquids hidden in present‐day lower mantle play important roles in the redistribution of deep nitrogen through geologic time and space.
Nitrogen Oxide Production in Laser‐Induced Breakdown Simulating Impacts on the Hadean Atmosphere
Authors: Heays Alan N. , Kaiserová Tereza , Rimmer Paul B. , Knížek Antonín , Petera Lukáš , Civiš Svatopluk , Juha Libor , Dudžák Roman , Krůs Miroslav , Scherf Manuel , Lammer Helmut , Pascal Robert , Ferus Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high‐energy‐density synthesis of NxOy species is simulated in gas mixtures representing an O2‐free early‐Earth atmosphere by terawatt‐kilojoule‐class laser‐induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB). These experiments differ from previous LIDB experiments due to the 100 times greater energy delivered per pulse and sensitive analysis of products by high‐resolution infrared spectroscopy. The measured yields of NO, N2O, and NO2 are 0.08–8 × 1015, 5 × 1012, and 0.03–7 × 1014 molec J −1. The high N2O yield is above the upper‐limit constraint of previous tabletop LIDB experiments and the expected yield of a thermochemical freeze‐out at any temperature between 2000 and 5000 K, while the NO and NO2 yields are in broad agreement with freeze‐out models. Using a one dimensional chemical model of the Hadean atmosphere and a simple model of late bombardment, we compute the source flux of N2O assuming the same high production yield as measured experimentally and find the steady‐state partial pressure of N2O is insufficient to warm the climate.
Gradient Studies Reveal the True Drivers of Extreme Life in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Boy D. , Moeller R. , Sauheitl L. , Schaarschmidt F. , Rapp S. , van den Brink L. , Gschwendtner S. , Borquez R. Godoy , Matus Francisco J. , Horn M. A. , Guggenberger G. , Boy J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies of hyper‐arid sites contribute to our understanding on how life adapted to extreme conditions. They are often used to further deduce implications for extraterrestrial biology by the so‐called analogue site‐approach. The Atacama Desert, Chile, is one of the most prominent analogue sites despite its neighboring productive ecosystems due to its hyper‐aridity and geochemical features resembling Martian environments. We hypothesize that many drivers of extremophile life in analogue sites are only mistakenly attributed to aridity alone, thus obscuring a clear view of the far more complex process interactions originating in nearby earthly ecosystems. To test this, we investigated 54 soil profiles up to 60 cm of soil depth along of four transects in the Atacama Desert, either running parallel (S‐N) or perpendicular (W‐E) to the Andes. Our objective was to reveal the processes controlling the formation of soil organic carbon (SOC) as the most reliable proxy for microbial life in order to understand the boundary conditions of life in extreme habitats. Further, we aimed at identifying analogue sites as uncompromised as possible by external influences of for example, vegetated or marine ecosystems. We found a mixture of influences driving habitable conditions on gradients perpendicular to the Andes, for example, fog and precipitation scavenging caused by altitudinal variations and differing proximity to the Pacific Ocean, while transects parallel to the Andes were much less biased by external factors. Our results show that studies on life under extreme conditions should clarify the explanatory strength of the investigated factors by a gradient study approach.
Process Interactions Can Change Process Ranking in a Coupled Complex System Under Process Model and Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Yang Jing , Ye Ming , Chen Xingyuan , Dai Heng , Walker Anthony P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor a complex hydrologic system with multiple processes and process interactions, global sensitivity analysis is often used to identify important or influential parameters for model development and improvement. The identification is complicated by process model uncertainty, when a system process can be represented by multiple process models. This study develops a new total‐effect process sensitivity index to identify influential processes under model uncertainty. This is done by extending Sobol's total‐effect parameter sensitivity index for one system model to total‐effect process sensitivity index for multiple system models to account for uncertainty in process models and model parameters. The total‐effect process sensitivity index includes not only the first‐order process sensitivity index for measuring the importance of individual processes but also higher‐order indices that account for process interactions. The total‐effect process sensitivity index can identify an influential process that itself and its interactions with other processes influence a model output. The total‐effect process sensitivity index is applied to two numerical examples: (a) Sobol's G*‐functions with analytical solutions of first‐order and total‐effect process sensitivity indices, and (b) groundwater flow models with interactions between recharge, geology, and snowmelt processes. The second evaluation shows that, due to second‐order and higher‐order process interactions, the first‐order and total‐effect process sensitivity indices give different process ranking. It is thus necessary to estimate both first‐order and total‐effect process sensitivity indices to appreciate the difference between the first‐order impact of a process alone and the overall total‐effect impact of the process itself and its interactions with other processes on a model output.
Structure of Energy Precipitation Induced by Superbolt‐Lightning Generated Whistler Waves
Authors: Kang Ning , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLightning superbolts are unusually intense lightning strokes. It has been well known that lightning can induce electron precipitation through the whistler waves it generates, but the characteristic of such precipitation in the extreme case of a superbolt has not yet been investigated. In this work, we use the numerical method developed by Bortnik et al. (2006a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011182, 2006b, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011398) to model the precipitation induced by a superbolt event reported by Ripoll et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467021237406). The modeled frequency spectrum agrees well with in situ measurements, adding confidence to the model performance. The precipitation flux is decomposed into contributions from different frequency components and different resonance types, thus revealing the underlying structure of the precipitation. The temporal signature of global precipitation on the ground surface is produced for potential comparison with observations by upcoming satellite missions.
Targeting the NOTCH1-MYC-CD44 axis in leukemia-initiating cells in T-ALL
Authors: Piya Sujan , Yang Yaling , Bhattacharya Seemana , Sharma Priyanka , Ma Huaxian , Mu Hong , He Hua , Ruvolo Vivian , Baran Natalia , Davis R. Eric , Jain Abhinav K. , Konopleava Marina , Kantarjian Hagop , Andreeff Michael , You M. James , Borthakur Gautam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe NOTCH1-MYC-CD44 axis integrates cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signaling to ensure the persistence of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) but a common pathway to target this circuit is poorly defined. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is implicated to have a role in the transcriptional regulation of oncogenes MYC and targets downstream of NOTCH1, and here we demonstrate its role in transcriptional regulation of CD44. Hence, targeting BRD4 will dismantle the NOTCH1-MYC-CD44 axis. As a proof of concept, degrading BRD4 with proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) ARV-825, prolonged the survival of mice in Notch1 mutated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and genetic models (ΔPTEN) of T-ALL. Single-cell proteomics analysis from the PDX model, demonstrated quantitative reduction of LICs (CD34+ CD7+ CD19−) and downregulation of the NOTCH1-MYC-CD44 axis, along with cell cycle, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt pathways. Moreover, secondary transplantation from PDX and ΔPTEN models of T-ALL, confirmed delayed leukemia development and extended survival of mice engrafted with T-ALL from ARV-825 treated mice, providing functional confirmation of depletion of LICs. Hence, BRD4 degradation is a promising LIC-targeting therapy for T-ALL.
Synergy between TMZ and individualized multimodal immunotherapy to improve overall survival of IDH1 wild-type MGMT promoter-unmethylated GBM patients
Authors: Van Gool Stefaan W. , Makalowski Jennifer , Bitar Michael , Van de Vliet Peter , Schirrmacher Volker , Stuecker Wilfried 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of IDH1 wild-type MGMT promoter-unmethylated GBM patients remains poor. Addition of Temozolomide (TMZ) to first-line local treatment shifted the median overall survival (OS) from 11.8 to 12.6 months. We retrospectively analyzed the value of individualized multimodal immunotherapy (IMI) to improve OS in these patients. All adults meeting the criteria and treated 06/2015–06/2021 were selected. Thirty-two patients (12f, 20m) had a median age of 47 y (range 18–69) and a KPI of 70 (50–100). Extent of resection was complete (11), <complete (12) or not documented (9). Seven patients were treated with surgery/radio(chemo)therapy and subsequent IMI (Group-1); 25 patients were treated with radiochemotherapy followed by maintenance TMZ plus IMI during and after TMZ (Group-2). Age, KPI and extent of resection were not different amongst both groups. The median OS of group-1 patients was 11 m (2 y OS: 0%). Surprisingly the median OS of group-2 patients was 22 m with 2 y OS of 36% (CI95%: 16–57), which was significantly (Log-rank: p = 0.0001) different from group-1. The data suggest that addition of IMI after local therapy on its own has no relevant effect on OS in these GBM patients, similar to maintenance TMZ. However, the combination of both TMZ + IMI significantly improved OS.
The AUTOTAC chemical biology platform for targeted protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosome system
Authors: Ji Chang Hoon , Kim Hee Yeon , Lee Min Ju , Heo Ah Jung , Park Daniel Youngjae , Lim Sungsu , Shin Seulgi , Ganipisetti Srinivasrao , Yang Woo Seung , Jung Chang An , Kim Kun Young , Jeong Eun Hye , Park Sun Ho , Bin Kim Su , Lee Su Jin , Na Jeong Eun , Kang Ji In , Chi Hyung Min , Kim Hyun Tae , Kim Yun Kyung , Kim Bo Yeon , Kwon Yong Tae 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTargeted protein degradation allows targeting undruggable proteins for therapeutic applications as well as eliminating proteins of interest for research purposes. While several degraders that harness the proteasome or the lysosome have been developed, a technology that simultaneously degrades targets and accelerates cellular autophagic flux is still missing. In this study, we develop a general chemical tool and platform technology termed AUTOphagy-TArgeting Chimera (AUTOTAC), which employs bifunctional molecules composed of target-binding ligands linked to autophagy-targeting ligands. AUTOTACs bind the ZZ domain of the otherwise dormant autophagy receptor p62/Sequestosome-1/SQSTM1, which is activated into oligomeric bodies in complex with targets for their sequestration and degradation. We use AUTOTACs to degrade various oncoproteins and degradation-resistant aggregates in neurodegeneration at nanomolar DC50 values in vitro and in vivo. AUTOTAC provides a platform for selective proteolysis in basic research and drug development.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pharmacological perturbation of CXCL1 signaling alleviates neuropathogenesis in a model of HEVA71 infection
Authors: Gunaseelan Saravanan , Ariffin Mohammed Zacky , Khanna Sanjay , Ooi Mong How , Perera David , Chu Justin Jang Hann , Chua John Jia En 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Human Enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) infection is typically a benign infection. However, in minority of cases, children can develop severe neuropathology that culminate in fatality. Approximately 36.9% of HEVA71-related hospitalizations develop neurological complications, of which 10.5% are fatal. Yet, the mechanism by which HEVA71 induces these neurological deficits remain unclear. Here, we show that HEVA71-infected astrocytes release CXCL1 which supports viral replication in neurons by activating the CXCR2 receptor-associated ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Elevated CXCL1 levels correlates with disease severity in a HEVA71-infected mice model. In humans infected with HEVA71, high CXCL1 levels are only present in patients presenting neurological complications. CXCL1 release is specifically triggered by VP4 synthesis in HEVA71-infected astrocytes, which then acts via its receptor CXCR2 to enhance viral replication in neurons. Perturbing CXCL1 signaling or VP4 myristylation strongly attenuates viral replication. Treatment with AZD5069, a CXCL1-specific competitor, improves survival and lessens disease severity in infected animals. Collectively, these results highlight the CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling pathway as a potential target against HFMD neuropathogenesis.