bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and methodological drivers of non‐stationarity in tree growth response to climate
Authors: Tumajer Jan , Begović Krešimir , Čada Vojtěch , Jenicek Michal , Lange Jelena , Mašek Jiří , Kaczka Ryszard J. , Rydval Miloš , Svoboda Miroslav , Vlček Lukáš , Treml Václav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRadial tree growth is sensitive to environmental conditions, making observed growth increments an important indicator of climate change effects on forest growth. However, unprecedented climate variability could lead to non‐stationarity, that is, a decoupling of tree growth responses from climate over time, potentially inducing biases in climate reconstructions and forest growth projections. Little is known about whether and to what extent environmental conditions, species, and model type and resolution affect the occurrence and magnitude of non‐stationarity. To systematically assess potential drivers of non‐stationarity, we compiled tree‐ring width chronologies of two conifer species, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, distributed across cold, dry, and mixed climates. We analyzed 147 sites across the Europe including the distribution margins of these species as well as moderate sites. We calibrated four numerical models (linear vs. non‐linear, daily vs. monthly resolution) to simulate growth chronologies based on temperature and soil moisture data. Climate–growth models were tested in independent verification periods to quantify their non‐stationarity, which was assessed based on bootstrapped transfer function stability tests. The degree of non‐stationarity varied between species, site climatic conditions, and models. Chronologies of P. sylvestris showed stronger non‐stationarity compared with Picea abies stands with a high degree of stationarity. Sites with mixed climatic signals were most affected by non‐stationarity compared with sites sampled at cold and dry species distribution margins. Moreover, linear models with daily resolution exhibited greater non‐stationarity compared with monthly‐resolved non‐linear models. We conclude that non‐stationarity in climate–growth responses is a multifactorial phenomenon driven by the interaction of site climatic conditions, tree species, and methodological features of the modeling approach. Given the existence of multiple drivers and the frequent occurrence of non‐stationarity, we recommend that temporal non‐stationarity rather than stationarity should be considered as the baseline model of climate–growth response for temperate forests.
Effect of residual chlorine on fluorescence emission of Dy3+ doped chalcogenide glasses with low gallium content
Authors: Cui Jian , Xu Yantao , Xiao Xusheng , Cui Xiaoxia , Liu Chengzhen , Guo Haitao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChlorine or chlorides are usually used as a dehydrating agent for removing the O‐H or S(Se)‐H in the preparation of high‐purity chalcogenide glasses. However, the residual chlorine in some rare‐earth ions doped chalcogenide glasses was found to have a great negative impact on fluorescence emission. In this work, the effect of residual chlorine on the fluorescence emission of Dy3+ ions in serial (Ge)GaAsSbS glasses was studied quantitatively, and the reasons were discussed. Cl2 gas and SbCl3 were used as the source of chlorine and their residual contents were controlled by the post‐distillation process and added content, respectively. The results can give some suggestions for how to eliminate the negative effects of chlorine and improve the glass’ optical gain properties.
Balancing liquidity and returns through interbank markets: Endogenous interest rates and network structures
Authors: Xiao Di , Krause Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a model of interbank lending based on liquidity and return on equity considerations of homogeneous banks. We derive the reservation prices of interbank lending and its properties before exploring how, because of an idiosyncratic liquidity shock, banks engage in bilateral lending to form an interbank network. We establish that the resulting networks exhibit realistic properties, including a core‐periphery structure. Banks in the core and the periphery of this network differ not only in the amounts of interbank lending and borrowing but also in the interest rates applied to their transactions.
Injury to the muscle layer, increasing the risk of post‐colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome
Authors: Omori Takafumi , Funasaka Kohei , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Kamano Toshiaki , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Miyahara Ryoji , Hashimoto Senju , Shibata Tomoyuki , Ohmiya Naoki , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIn colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), post‐ESD electrocoagulation syndrome (PECS) has been recognized as one of the major complications. There are no reports on the relationships between ESD findings and PECS. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors for PECS, including ESD findings such as muscularis propria exposure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent colorectal ESD between January 2017 and December 2021 in Japan. The grade of injury to the muscle layer caused by ESD was categorized as follows: Grade 0, no exposure of muscularis propria; Grade 1, muscularis propria exposure; Grade 2, torn muscularis propria; and Grade 3, colon perforation. The risk factors for PECS, including injury to the muscle layer, were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOut of 314 patients who underwent colorectal ESD, PECS occurred in 28 patients (8.9%). The multivariate analysis showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.233; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.264–8.265, P = 0.014), large specimen size (≥ 40 mm) (OR 6.138; 95% CI: 1.317–28.596, P = 0.021), long procedure time (≥ 90 min) (OR 2.664; 95% CI: 1.053–6.742, P = 0.039), and Grade 1 or 2 injury to the muscle layer (OR 3.850; 95% CI: 1.090–13.61, P = 0.036) were independent risk factors for PECS.ConclusionsInjury to the muscle layer, such as exposure or tear, was identified as a novel independent risk factor for PECS. We should perform colorectal ESD carefully to avoid injuring the muscle layers.
Time to dementia diagnosis by race: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Davis Matthew A. , Lee Kathryn A. , Harris Melissa , Ha Jinkyung , Langa Kenneth M. , Bynum Julie P. W. , Hoffman Geoffrey J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐Hispanic Black individuals may be less likely to receive a diagnosis of dementia compared to non‐Hispanic White individuals. These findings raise important questions regarding which factors may explain this observed association and any differences in the time to which disparities emerge following dementia onset.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using survey data from the 1995 to 2016 Health and Retirement Study linked with Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. Using the Hurd algorithm (a regression‐based approach), we identified dementia onset among older adult respondents (age ≥65 years) from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and proxy respondents. We determined date from dementia onset to diagnosis using Medicare data up to 3 years following onset using a list of established diagnosis codes. Cox Proportional Hazards modeling was used to examine the association between an individual's reported race and likelihood of diagnosis after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, income, education, functional status, and healthcare use.ResultsWe identified 3435 older adults who experienced a new onset of dementia. Among them, 30.1% received a diagnosis within 36 months of onset. In unadjusted analyses, the difference in cumulative proportion diagnosed by race continued to increase across time following onset, p‐value <0.001. 23.8% of non‐Hispanic Black versus 31.4% of non‐Hispanic White participants were diagnosed within 36 months of dementia onset, Hazard Ratio = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.88). The association persisted after adjustment for functional status and healthcare use; however, these factors had less of an impact on the strength of the association than income and level of education.ConclusionLower diagnosis rates of dementia among non‐Hispanic Black individuals persists after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, functional status, and healthcare use. Further understanding of barriers to diagnosis that may be related to social determinants of health is needed to improve dementia‐related outcomes among non‐Hispanic Black Americans.
Between construction yard and village: Changing relations of caste and hierarchy among Madhya Pradesh's labouring classes
Authors: Kaba Arnaud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Madhya Pradesh, India, rural migrant workers hired in flyover's construction yards experiment a space of work where the social practices relating to caste separation and hierarchy are temporally softened. This paper shows that these processes of conviviality, through mixing between castes and trans‐communitarian work identities based on the hierarchies of labour, are taking part in the lower classes' long quest for less oppressive labour relations. Starting from the construction yard, and then going to the village, this paper shows that the labour relations involved in the circulation of rural migrants to the flyover construction yards are contributing to shaping their complex and flexible social consciousness in a context of slow reconfiguration of oppressive rural labour relations.
“Jumping into the COVID‐19 arena”: The professional transition into clinical practice of new graduate nurses in Italy at time of COVID‐19
Authors: Bani Marco , Russo Selena , Cardinale Chiara , Ardenghi Stefano , Rampoldi Giulia , Luciani Michela , Ausili Davide , Di Mauro Stefania , Strepparava Maria Grazia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of the professional transition of new graduate nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe transition from the role of student to the professional role can be challenging for new graduate nurses for the acquisition of higher autonomy and responsibility. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the quality of the professional transition.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional observational study following the Strengthening and Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.MethodsOne hundred and two nurses who graduated in three consecutive sessions (November 2019—pre‐pandemic, March 2020—pandemic outbreak, and November 2020—2nd wave) in a north Italian university located in the most affected Italian region by the COVID‐19 pandemic, completed an online survey assessing well‐being, risk of burnout, resilience, perceived stigma, strengths and limitations and quality of the professional transition. The study was performed between March and May 2021.Results81.4% of participants described the professional transition as worse than expected, and new graduate nurses who worked in COVID‐19 settings reported a more difficult transition to professional life. No differences emerged in burnout, mental well‐being and perceived stigma between new graduate nurses who worked in COVID‐19 settings and those who did not. Similarly, no differences emerged amongst the three graduated cohort sessions. The most commonly mentioned challenges faced during the transition were organisational aspects, suddenly acquired autonomy and lack of suitable coaching.ConclusionNew graduate nurses reported a challenging academic‐professional transition, in particular, those who worked in COVID‐19 settings. The mid‐ and long‐term impact of experiencing an academic‐professional transition in COVID‐19 settings should be assessed and monitored.Relevance to clinical practiceThe professional transition of new graduate students should be adequately planned and monitored, new graduates should be assisted to develop realistic expectations about the transition, and an adequate coaching period should be guaranteed all the more during health emergencies.
Associations of plasma TMAO and its precursors with stroke risk in the general population: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Liu Dong , Gu Shujun , Zhou Zhengyuan , Ma Ze , Zuo Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a gut‐derived atherogenic metabolite. However, the role of TMAO and its precursors in the development of stroke remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between metabolites in TMAO biosynthesis and stroke risk.MethodsA nested case‐control study was performed in a community‐based cohort (2013–2018, n = 16,113). We included 412 identified stroke cases and 412 controls matched by age and sex. Plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, trimethyl lysine (TML), and TMAO were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between these biomarkers and stroke risk.ResultsAfter adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, educational attainment, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the corresponding OR for the highest versus lowest quartile was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.16–2.61, P trend = 0.006) for total stroke and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.14–2.86, P trend = 0.020) for ischemic stroke in an essentially linear dose–response fashion. A significant association between TMAO and nonischemic stroke was shown as a J‐shape with OR for the highest versus second quartile of 5.75 (95% CI: 1.73–19.1). No meaningful significant risk association was found among plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML with stroke risk.ConclusionsIncreased TMAO was associated with higher stroke risk in the community‐based population, whereas the TMAO precursors carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML were not associated. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to further elucidate the role of TMAO in the development of stroke.
Contrasting continental patterns of adaptive population divergence in the holarctic ectomycorrhizal fungus Boletus edulis
Authors: Tremble Keaton , Hoffman J. I. , Dentinger Bryn T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

In the hyperdiverse fungi, the process of speciation is virtually unknown, including for the > 20 000 species of ectomycorrhizal mutualists. To understand this process, we investigated patterns of genome‐wide differentiation in the ectomycorrhizal porcini mushroom, Boletus edulis, a globally distributed species complex with broad ecological amplitude.

By whole‐genome sequencing 160 individuals from across the Northern Hemisphere, we genotyped 792 923 single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterize patterns of genome‐wide differentiation and to identify the adaptive processes shaping global population structure.

We show that B. edulis exhibits contrasting patterns of genomic divergence between continents, with multiple lineages present across North America, while a single lineage dominates Europe. These geographical lineages are inferred to have diverged 1.62–2.66 million years ago, during a period of climatic upheaval and the onset of glaciation in the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. High levels of genomic differentiation were observed among lineages despite evidence of substantial and ongoing introgression. Genome scans, demographic inference, and ecological niche models suggest that genomic differentiation is maintained by environmental adaptation, not physical isolation.

Our study uncovers striking patterns of genome‐wide differentiation on a global scale and emphasizes the importance of local adaptation and ecologically mediated divergence, rather than prezygotic barriers such as allopatry or genomic incompatibility, in fungal population differentiation.
A VIOLENT END OR A RESPECTFUL BEGINNING? CAVE 120 AT LACHISH REVISED
Authors: Garfinkel Yosef , Cohen Eylon 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCave 120 and three adjacent caves at Tel Lachish in southern Israel produced the largest concentration of human crania ever unearthed in the Near East. The conventional interpretation associates this deposit with primary burials of victims of the city’s destruction by King Sennacherib of Assyria in 701 BC. Taking into consideration attitudes to human skulls, site formation processes and taphonomic aspects, we indicate that these conclusions are incorrect. The caves contained mainly crania and almost completely lacked other skeletal material. The numerous morphological and morphometric studies carried out on the assemblage could not point to any standardized population. We conclude that large‐scale quarrying of stones, probably for the construction of the city wall in the seventh century BC, destroyed a large number of older burial caves. The crania from these caves, each symbolizing a deceased person, were carefully collected and reburied.
The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO2 challenge model
Authors: Taylor Alexander N. W. , Low Daniel C. , Walsh Gregory S. , Holt Nigel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnxiety and balance and postural control are linked via common neural pathways, such as the parabrachial nucleus network. A laboratory‐based model of general anxiety disorder (GAD) using the CO2 challenge, has potential to be used to observe this relationship, potentially mimicking subjective, autonomic, and neuropsychological features of GAD. The current feasibility study used the CO2 challenge to explore postural control changes in healthy adults. It was predicted that during the CO2 condition, participants would show increased postural sway path length and decreased sway stability, compared with a normal air breathing condition. To assess this, heart and breathing rate, quiet standing postural sway path length, sway dynamic stability, and subjective measures of emotion were measured either before and after or during and after the inhalation conditions. Results demonstrated that CO2 inhalation led to both an increase in sway path length and reduced sway stability compared to the air breathing conditions; the effect on sway path lasted after the inhalation of CO2 had ceased. Additionally, replication of HR and subjective measures of emotion were observed when comparing air and CO2 conditions. This provides experimental evidence that CO2 inhalation can affect balance, suggestive of shared mechanisms between anxiety and balance performance, as well as indicating that the CO2 model of GAD is suitable to look at changes in balance performance in healthy adults. Future use of this model to explore factors that can reduce the influence of GAD on balance would be beneficial as would a more detailed exploration of the neural pathways associated with the associated comorbidity.
Can oral toxicity data for PFAS inform on toxicity via inhalation?
Authors: Monnot Andrew D. , Massarsky Andrey , Garnick Lindsey , Bandara Suren B. , Unice Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPer‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and are detected in wildlife and humans. With respect to human exposure, studies have shown that ingestion is the primary route of exposure; however, in certain settings, exposure via inhalation could also be a significant source of exposure. While many studies examined toxicity of PFAS via ingestion, limited information is available for PFAS toxicity via the inhalation route, translating into a lack of exposure guidelines. Consequently, this article examined whether route‐to‐route extrapolation to derive guidelines for inhalation exposure is appropriate for PFAS. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were used as exemplary PFAS given the abundance of toxicity data for these two compounds. Our evaluation determined that available toxicity and toxicokinetic data support route‐to‐route extrapolation for PFAS in order to derive inhalation‐based standards. Results from this analysis suggest that an air concentration of 7.0 × 10−5 mg/m3 (or 0.07 μg/m3) would be an appropriate RfC for PFOA and PFOS assuming the 2016 EPA RfD of 0.00002 mg/kg‐day, whereas use of the interim RfDs proposed in 2022 of 1.5 × 10−9 and 7.9 × 10−9 mg/kg would yield much lower RfCs of 5.25 × 10−9 and 2.77 × 10−8 mg/m3 (or 5.25 × 10−6 and 2.77 × 10−5 μg/m3) for PFOA and PFOS, respectively.
Effects of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type on biochar characteristics pertinent to soil carbon and soil health: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Lidong , Long Amelia , Fossum Britt , Kaiser Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiochar amendment to soil is utilized globally as an approach to enhance carbon storage and to improve soil functioning. However, biochar characteristics and related improvements of soil functioning depend on biochar production conditions. Systematic evaluation of corresponding biochar characteristics is needed for more targeted and efficient biochar application strategies. Herein, we systematically review the effects of biochar pyrolysis temperature (175–950°C) and feedstock (corn stover, switchgrass and wood) on selected biochar characteristics (carbon content, H/C ratio, nitrogen content, pH, specific surface area, ash content and pore volume). These specific characteristics were selected as being pertinent to soil organic carbon sequestration and soil health improvement. Despite numerous studies on these topics, few have numerically quantified the effects of pyrolysis temperature. Our results show that high pyrolysis temperature (>500°C) increased carbon content and pore volume for wood biochar compared with low pyrolysis temperature (≤500°C). The high pyrolysis temperature decreased the H/C ratio and nitrogen content but increased pH, specific surface area and ash content regardless of feedstock. Compared with corn stover biochar and switchgrass biochar, wood biochar had higher carbon content and larger specific surface area but lower nitrogen and ash contents regardless of pyrolysis temperature. The higher biochar carbon content might be derived from higher lignin and cellulose contents of wood feedstock. Wood feedstock had 76%–109% more lignin and 27%–47% more cellulose than corn stover and switchgrass. Corn stover biochar had higher pH, and switchgrass biochar had larger pore volume than wood biochar. Our study indicates that the targeted production of biochar with specific characteristics can be facilitated by the selection of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type. For amending soil with biochar, more operationally defined biochar production conditions and feedstock selection might be a way forward to wider acceptance and better predictability of biochar performance under field conditions.
Balancing Method of Retired Battery Pack Based on Variable Domain Fuzzy Control
Authors: Wu Tiezhou , Chen Liuliang , Xu Yuhong , Zhang Xiaoxing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the problem of the performance gap between individual cells in retired lithium batteries after group use, which affects the usable capacity of the battery pack, a grouping bidirectional equalization method based on variable domain fuzzy control is proposed. Equalization circuits based on a single inductor and LC oscillation circuit are respectively used for inter-cell and inter-cell group, to achieve inter-cell equalization and inter-cell group equalization. Variable domain fuzzy control strategy is used to determine the reasonable range of operating current according to state of health (SOH) of the battery, combined with the relationship between the capacity decay coefficient, and the average operational range of state of charge (SOC); the equalization current is dynamically adjusted according to its mathematical relationship with the operating current. To verify the effectiveness of this equalization method, an experimental platform was built and verification simulations were performed. The result of experiments shows, the equalization speed is increased by 25%, compared to the fixed equalization current control strategy; the capacity decay is reduced by 6% and the service life is extended after experiments of 1200 charge/discharge cycles, compared to traditional fuzzy equalization strategy.