bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentations to health services following self-harm: systematic review
Authors: Steeg Sarah , John Ann , Gunnell David J. , Kapur Nav , Dekel Dana , Schmidt Lena , Knipe Duleeka , Arensman Ella , Hawton Keith , Higgins Julian P. T. , Eyles Emily , Macleod-Hall Catherine , McGuiness Luke A. , Webb Roger T. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundEvidence on the impact of the pandemic on healthcare presentations for self-harm has accumulated rapidly. However, existing reviews do not include studies published beyond 2020.AimsTo systematically review evidence on presentations to health services following self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodA comprehensive search of databases (WHO COVID-19 database; Medline; medRxiv; Scopus; PsyRxiv; SocArXiv; bioRxiv; COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, PubMed) was conducted. Studies published from 1 January 2020 to 7 September 2021 were included. Study quality was assessed with a critical appraisal tool.ResultsFifty-one studies were included: 57% (29/51) were rated as ‘low’ quality, 31% (16/51) as ‘moderate’ and 12% (6/51) as ‘high-moderate’. Most evidence (84%, 43/51) was from high-income countries. A total of 47% (24/51) of studies reported reductions in presentation frequency, including all six rated as high-moderate quality, which reported reductions of 17–56%. Settings treating higher lethality self-harm were overrepresented among studies reporting increased demand. Two of the three higher-quality studies including study observation months from 2021 reported reductions in self-harm presentations. Evidence from 2021 suggests increased numbers of presentations among adolescents, particularly girls.ConclusionsSustained reductions in numbers of self-harm presentations were seen into the first half of 2021, although this evidence is based on a relatively small number of higher-quality studies. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Increased numbers of presentations among adolescents, particularly girls, into 2021 is concerning. Findings may reflect changes in thresholds for help-seeking, use of alternative sources of support and variable effects of the pandemic across groups.
MIG-23 is involved in sperm migration by modulating extracellular ATP levels in Ascaris suum
Authors: Wang Qiushi , He Ruijun , Chen Lianwan , Zhang Qi , Shan Jin , Wang Peng , Wang Xia , Zhao Yanmei 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In nematodes, spermiogenesis is a process of sperm activation in which nonmotile spermatids are transformed into crawling spermatozoa. Sperm motility acquisition during this process is essential for successful fertilization, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. Herein, we have found that extracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) level regulation by MIG-23, which is a homolog of human ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), was required for major sperm protein (MSP) filament dynamics and sperm motility in the nematode Ascaris suum. During sperm activation, a large amount of ATP was produced in mitochondria and was stored in refringent granules (RGs). Some of the produced ATP was released to the extracellular space through innexin channels. MIG-23 was localized in the sperm plasma membrane and contributed to the ecto-ATPase activity of spermatozoa. Blocking MIG-23 activity resulted in a decrease in the ATP hydrolysis activity of spermatozoa and an increase in the depolymerization rate of MSP filaments in pseudopodia, which eventually affected sperm migration. Overall, our data suggest that MIG-23, which contributes to the ecto-ATPase activity of spermatozoa, regulates sperm migration by modulating extracellular ATP levels.
Nutrition-dependent juvenile hormone sensitivity promotes flight-muscle degeneration during the aphid dispersal-reproduction transition
Authors: Bai Yu , Pei Xiao-Jin , Ban Ning , Chen Nan , Liu Su-Ning , Li Sheng , Liu Tong-Xian 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In insects, the loss of flight typically involves a dispersal-reproduction transition, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the parthenogenetic pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, winged females undergo flight-muscle degeneration after flight and feeding on new host plants. Similarly, topical application of a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic to starved aphids also induces flight-muscle degeneration. We found that feeding preferentially upregulated the expression of the JH receptor gene Met and a JH-inducible gene, Kr-h1, in the flight muscles, and, thus, enhanced tissue-specific JH sensitivity and signaling. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Kr-h1 prevented flight-muscle degeneration. Likewise, blocking nutritional signals by pharmacological inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) impaired JH sensitivity of the flight muscles in feeding aphids and subsequently delayed muscle degeneration. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that enhanced JH signaling inhibited the transcription of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, likely resulting in reduction of the energy supply, mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle-fiber breakdown. This study shows that nutrient-dependent hormone sensitivity regulates developmental plasticity in a tissue-specific manner, emphasizing a relatively underappreciated mechanism of hormone sensitivity in modulating hormone signaling.
10,589 CT pulmonary angiograms: evaluating the yield of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: de Boer Henry Charles , Rajaram Smitha , Chopra Annu , Hurdman Judith A , Maclean Ronna M 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:To evaluate the change in the number of CT pulmonary angiograms (CTPAs) performed and the change in the yield of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on CTPA at a busy tertiary teaching hospital from 2016 to 2019.Methods:All CTPA examinations for both in-patients and emergency department patients performed at our busy tertiary teaching hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019 were identified from the radiology information system. A natural language processing technique called phrase matching was employed to assign each of the examination reports a result of either positive, negative or equivocal for acute PE. This algorithm was validated on a sample of 200 reports.Results:The number of CTPAs performed increased 59% from 2016 to 2019. The overall yield of acute PE has remained steady averaging 15.9%, ranging from 15.0% to 17.2%.Conclusions:Over 3 years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for CTPA examinations. The yield of acute PE has remained steady indicating a justified increase in demand. The yield of acute PE on CTPA within our centre is higher than the Royal College of Radiologists’ suggested minimum of 15.4% which suggests the current guidelines used for the investigation of suspected acute PE within our centre are appropriate.Advances in knowledge:The guidelines and subsequent yield of acute PE on CTPA at our tertiary teaching hospital can be used as a reference standard for other similar institutes.
Rice straw decomposition in paddy surface water potentially reduces soil methane (CH4) emission
Authors: Van Thao Huynh , Oda Masato , Chiem Nguyen Huu 
Published: July 2022

Background: Rice cultivation is considered significant methane (CH4) emission source. Rice straw (RS) incorporation into the soil is a critical factor that produces higher CH4 emissions. The RS waterlogging approach on the soil surface potentially reduces CH4 emissions due to increasing RS decomposition in aerobic conditions. However, the hypothesis has not been entirely determined. The study aimed to examine CH4 emissions under RS waterlogging on surface water compared with RS incorporation into the soil. Methods: We carried out a microcosm experiment in a screen-house with two treatments, including (i) RS incorporation into the soil and (ii) RS waterlogging on the soil surface in triplicates. We compared the CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation for the off-growing and rice-sowing periods. Yield-scaled CH 4 emission was assessed based on total methane emission and rice yield. Results: The results demonstrated that RS waterlogging reduced CH4 emissions by 16.9% compared to RS incorporation. During the rice-growing period, total CH4 emissions from RS waterlogging accounted for 36% of the incorporation treatment. Under RS waterlogging, high CH4 emissions during the off-sowing stage were disclosed. The difference between yield-scaled CH4 emissions was not significant. Conclusions: RS waterlogging is a feasible option to alternate conventional RS incorporation toward lower CH4 emissions from rice production. Ameliorating CH4 emission mitigation by RS waterlogging during off-sowing is recommended for future works.
Epidermal growth factor outperforms placebo in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Rahim Fazal , Yan Xie , Shah Jawad Ali , Bibi Nida , Khan Zafar Ullah , Nawaz Shah , Ming Yao 
Published: July 2022

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a life-threatening ailment caused by diabetes. Several growth factors, as well as their various combinations, have shown promising effect in aiding diabetic foot ulcer healing. However, contradictory or paradoxical results are often available, and debates about this issue are ongoing. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and placebo in healing diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: The database search included relevant English literature from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and EMBASE that was published between 2009 and 2021. Inclusion criteria included type 1 and 2 diabetic patients with foot wounds focusing on complete healing rate. Exclusion criteria included combined therapy, non-human studies, reviews, and protocols. To assess the quality of each study, biases regarding random sequence generation, allocation concealment, participant and personnel blinding, outcome assessment blinding and incomplete outcome data were thoroughly identified. Results: Eight randomized control trials comprising 620 patients (337 in EGF group, 283 in placebo group), were included in this meta-analysis. EGF achieved a significantly higher complete healing rate than placebo after four weeks of treatment, with relative risk (RR): 3.04 (0.50, 18.44) and heterogeneity (Chi2 = 6.46, df = 2 (P = 0.04) I2 = 69 %). Notably, the healing frequency in the placebo group was 17%, whereas the healing frequency in the epidermal growth factor group was 34%. Likewise, after eight weeks of treatment, the relative risk and heterogeneity were RR: 2.59 (1.42, 4.72) and (Chi2 =7.92, df= 4 (p= 0.09): I2= 49%), respectively. Moreover, the risk ratio at 12 weeks was RR: 1.01 (0.42, 2.46), and heterogeneity was (Chi2 =8.55, df= 2 (p= 0.01): I2= 77%). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that EGF significantly promotes wound healing, and could be recommended as an effective and safe treatment for DFUs.
Using tranexamic acid for an additional 24 hours postoperatively in hip and knee arthroplasty saves money: a cost analysis from the TRAC-24 randomized control trial
Authors: Karayiannis Paul N. , Agus Ashley , Bryce Leanne , Hill J. C. , Beverland David 
Published: July 2022

Aims Tranexamic acid (TXA) is now commonly used in major surgical operations including orthopaedics. The TRAC-24 randomized control trial (RCT) aimed to assess if an additional 24 hours of TXA postoperatively in primary total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reduced blood loss. Contrary to other orthopaedic studies to date, this trial included high-risk patients. This paper presents the results of a cost analysis undertaken alongside this RCT. Methods TRAC-24 was a prospective RCT on patients undergoing TKA and THA. Three groups were included: Group 1 received 1 g intravenous (IV) TXA perioperatively and an additional 24-hour postoperative oral regime, Group 2 received only the perioperative dose, and Group 3 did not receive TXA. Cost analysis was performed out to day 90. Results Group 1 was associated with the lowest mean total costs, followed by Group 2 and then Group 3. The differences between Groups 1 and 3 (-£797.77 (95% confidence interval -1,478.22 to -117.32) were statistically significant. Extended oral dosing reduced costs for patients undergoing THA but not TKA. The reduced costs in Groups 1 and 2 resulted from reduced length of stay, readmission rates, emergency department attendances, and blood transfusions. Conclusion This study demonstrated significant cost savings when using TXA in primary THA or TKA. Extended oral dosing reduced costs further in THA but not TKA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):536–542.
A Novel Design of Microwave Absorbers Based on Multilayered Composite Materials for Reduction of Radar Cross Section
Authors: Zheng Hong Qin , Huang Yi Tao , Tong Mei Song 
Published: July 2022

Reduction of radar cross section (RCS) for targets can be achieved by different approaches and coating absorbing materials at the surfaces of targets is one of widely used methods because of its flexibility and good effect. In the work, we put forward a novel method of reducing the RCS based on the design of multilayer composite absorbing materials. The transmission line theory and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to guide the design and analysis, and two kinds of designs, i.e., Type IV and Type VII, are selected finally. Simulation experiments show that the designs are insensitive to the incident angles and polarizations of incident EM wave, which is required for being coated at the surfaces of real objects. Also, the designed absorbing materials are very thin and have an ultra-wide frequency band. The bandwidth of Type-IV design can reach 14.6314.63 GHz, ranging from 3.373.37 to 18.018.0 GHz, while Type-VII design can cover the frequency range from 2.02.0 to 18.018.0 GHz, which represents the major part of radar’s frequency range. The designed absorbing materials are coated at the surface of a perfectly-electric-conducting (PEC) cylinder to validate the effectiveness of the materials, and good results have been obtained.
Investigating Soil Effects on Outcomes of a Standardized Soil–Block Test
Authors: Kuo Chi-Jui (Barry) , Kimsey Mark , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. , Kirker Grant , Fu Audrey Qiuyan , Cai Lili 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soil physical and chemical properties play important roles in mass loss during soil–block tests but the relationship between soil properties and the decay caused by brown-rot and white-rot fungi remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the soil effects on the decay resistance of pine (Pinus spp.) and poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) blocks. The properties of soil from nine different sources (six from Idaho, one from Mississippi, one from Wisconsin, and one from Oregon) were characterized for soil texture, sieved bulk density, water-holding capacity, pH, organic matter, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations. The moisture content and mass loss of decayed wood samples after 8 weeks of fungal exposure were measured. At the end of the study, block moisture ranged from 30 to 200 percent and mass loss ranged from 20 to 60 percent. Despite using a range of soils, there were no direct correlations between soil properties and wood-block moisture content or mass loss. Moreover, among all the soil properties examined, no significant effect of a single soil property on wood-block moisture content and mass loss was measured. Instead, the combined effects of soil physical and chemical properties may interact to govern the decay of wood blocks in the laboratory soil–block test.
Measurement and analysis of instantaneous microwave frequency based on an
optical frequency comb
Authors: Wei Yongfeng , Wang Ximin , Miao Yingxi , Chen Jialiang , Wang Xin , Gong Caili 
Published: July 2022

A microwave photonics instantaneous frequency measurement scheme with
14 channels based on an optical frequency comb (OFC) is proposed. In
this scheme, a 14-line flat OFC is generated by cascading a
dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) with a Mach–Zehnder
modulator (MZM). The intercepted microwave signal with
multiple-frequency components can be measured by using DPMZM,
Fabry–Perot filter (FPF), wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), and
optical power detector array. This scheme can measure and analyze the
frequency of microwave signals in the ranges of 0.5–13.5 GHz,
13.5–26.5 GHz, and 26.5–39.5 GHz with the measurement accuracy of

±

0.5

G
H
z

. The reconfigurability of the system
can be realized by adjusting the comb-line spacing of the OFC and the
free spectral range (FSR) of the FPF.
Compact and low-loss TM-pass polarizer based on a hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a semiround arch Si core
Authors: Yang Xinze , Xu Ji , Chi Tiantian , Zhou Tiannuo , Chen Mulin , Wang Jun , Liu Ning , Lu Yunqing , Liang Zhongcheng 
Published: July 2022

A compact and low loss TM-pass polarizer based on a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) has been demonstrated. By introducing the hollow HPW with a semiround arch (SRA) Si core, the unwanted TE mode can be effectively cut off and the TM mode can pass through by hybrid plasmonic mode with excellent transmission characteristics. The hollow structure realizes lower index with

n
=

1

due to the air region, and the SRA construction effectively suppresses the energy loss of the TM mode caused by the corner effect. Thus, TM modes pass through with negligible loss and exhibit the characteristic of strong mode limitation. By optimizing the width of metal, the width of the HPW, and the length of the tapered mode converter, an optimum performance with a high polarization extinction ratio of 67.87 dB and a low insert loss of 0.029 dB at the work

w
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h

=

1550

n
m

is achieved. Detailed analysis also proves that the proposed polarizer has a compact size of only 7 µm and a great fabrication tolerance. This work offers a simple and effective scheme of polarization control on-chip.
SNROW-based highly sensitive label-free surface biosensor for hepatitis B detection
Authors: Singh Rukmani , Chack Devendra , Priye Vishnu 
Published: July 2022

Despite the availability of effective hepatitis B vaccinations, the hepatitis B virus remains a serious global health concern. It is expected that early detection could aid in initiating therapy before the infection progresses to liver damage. A silicon nanowire rectangular optical waveguide has been demonstrated theoretically to detect the surface antigen of hepatitis B “HBsAg” based on label-free surface sensing using finite-element method-based COMSOL Multiphysics. Different procedural segments of the biomarker detection have been mimicked on the surface of a waveguide as adlayers to investigate the device theoretically. Initially, the parameters of the waveguide have been optimized to provide a large interaction of light and bio-analyte, i.e., to provide high sensitivity. The analyses are first performed at the waveguide level based on the light-analyte interaction. Furthermore, performances of the sensor have been obtained by incorporating this waveguide structure in the sensing arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The device structure shows ultra-high surface sensitivities such as phase surface sensitivity of

7.03

×

2

π

r
a
d

/

n
m

and MZI surface sensitivity of 3421.89 µW/nm with an excellent detection limit of

2.92

×

10

−
3

p
g

/

m
m

2

for HBsAg detection. The proposed device can measure the HBsAg concentration as low as 0.00973 ng/mL, which is significantly low to detect the infection in an early stage.
Near-IR absorption enhancement and crosstalk reduction of a photodiode in a CMOS indirect time-of-flight sensor
Authors: Liu Xiang , Geng Chenyan , Ji Xuesong , Lei Shuyu , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2022

The photodiode in a CMOS indirect time-of-flight (ITOF) sensor is a two-tap sensor especially designed for ranging. The three most important parameters are the demodulation contrast (DC), quantum efficiency (QE), and crosstalk. A trench nanostructure is commonly used as isolation layer between the pixels in a backside-illuminated CMOS sensor. In this paper, a trench is used to increase the IR absorption and decrease the crosstalk between pixels without a decrease in the DC. A trench grid is designed on top of a 6 µm thick silicon absorption layer to increase the optical path. A metal layer also is placed under the Si absorption layer as a reflection layer. The absorption of 940 nm infrared light can be increased up to 50%. The estimated QE can reach up to 40% at 940 nm. Deep trench isolation with a 6 µm depth is also used to isolate neighboring pixels. The crosstalk between the pixels can be reduced to less than 4% per neighboring pixel. This result shows a feasible CMOS ITOF sensor pixel design that we believe has great potential for use in solid-state lidar, depth cameras, machine vision, biomedical engineering, and facial recognition.
Dietary Practices among Adolescents in a Rural Area in Kerala
Authors: Carol Pinheiro  , Sulekha Rani Rugmini  , Alagurajan Krishnaveni  , Lakshmi Rajeev Thuruthiyath  
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
The rapid physical growth and development in adolescence are associated with increased nutritional needs and this depends on the dietary pattern and eating habits of the adolescents. Adolescence is also a period of increased vulnerability to obesity which is not only linked to food intake but also due to a lack of physical activity in the growing years. Dietary habits that are established during adolescence are often sustained till adulthood. Hence the purpose of the study was to understand the prevalence of unhealthy dietary practices among adolescents that could enable schools to create a health-promoting culture by teaching healthy food choices and creating awareness of the ill effects of unhealthy dietary practices.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire among adolescents in the age group 15 to 17 years in a panchayat in Kerala. The socio-demographic characteristics, the family details and dietary practices were recorded, height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated and ELIZ health pathway for adolescents (EPHA) was used for categorising the study participants. A diet score was also calculated to estimate the prevalence of unhealthy dietary practices among adolescents.
RESULTS
The prevalence of inadequate consumption of fruits was 60.9 % and inadequate consumption of vegetables was 36.9 %. Based on the dietary score, 36.7 % had poor dietary habits and 36.6 % had good dietary habits. A significant association was found between the type of school, occupation of mother, educational status of parents, type of family and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables.
CONCLUSIONS
An unhealthy lifestyle does not just appear in adulthood, it stems from practices children develop during their childhood and adolescence. Awareness regarding the risk factors of non-communicable diseases should be provided to children to enable primordial and primary prevention as powerful tools to prevent these diseases in future.