bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Rashba Ferroelectrics for Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Fan Chang‐Chun , Han Xiang‐Bin , Liang Bei‐Dou , Shi Chao , Miao Le‐Ping , Chai Chao‐Yang , Liu Cheng‐Dong , Ye Qiong , Zhang Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDirect detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) is a challenging task due to limited materials and ambiguous structure–property relationships that lead to low distinguishability of the light helicities. Perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors incorporating chirality provide new opportunities in dealing with this issue. Herein, a pair of 2D chiral perovskite ferroelectrics is reported, which have enhanced CPL detection performance due to interplays among lattice, photon, charge, spin, and orbit. The chirality‐transfer‐induced chiral&polar ferroelectric phase enhances the asymmetric nature of the photoactive sublattice and achieves a switchable self‐powered detection via the bulk photovoltaic effect. The single‐crystal‐based device exhibits a CPL‐sensitive detection performance under 430 nm with an asymmetric factor of 0.20 for left‐ and right‐CPL differentiation, about two times that of the pure chiral counterparts. The enhanced CPL detection performance is ascribed to the Rashba–Dresselhaus effect that originates from the bulk inversion asymmetry and strong spin–orbit coupling, shown with a large Rashba coefficient, which is demonstrated by density functional theory calculation and circularly polarized light excited photoluminescence measurement. These results provide new perspectives on chiral Rashba ferroelectric semiconductors for direct CPL detection and ferroelectrics‐based chiroptics and spintronics.
Carbon Surface Chemistry: New Insight into the Old Story
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe enormous complexity of the carbon material family has provoked a phenomenological approach to develop its potential in different applications. Although the electronic, chemical, mechanical, and magnetic properties of carbon materials have been widely discussed based on defect control engineering, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the carbon surface chemistry, which leads to many controversial conclusions. Here, by analyzing various defects on carbon surface, some commonly neglected aspects and misunderstandings in this field are pointed out, clarifying how surface chemistry affects the chemical behaviors of carbon in some specific chemical reactions. With this full‐scale consideration of the carbon surface chemistry, the behaviors of carbon materials with various functions can be well defined, which is indispensable for their scalable applications. Perspectives on future developments of carbon surface chemistry are also provided to enable practically accessible design of advanced carbon in those applications.
Interface Capture Effect Printing Atomic‐Thick 2D Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Li Lihong , Yu Xiaoxia , Lin Zhaoyang , Cai Zhenren , Cao Yawei , Kong Wei , Xiang Zhongyuan , Gu Zhengkun , Xing Xianran , Duan Xiangfeng , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract2D semiconductor crystals offer the opportunity to further extend Moore's law to the atomic scale. For practical and low‐cost electronic applications, directly printing devices on substrates is advantageous compared to conventional microfabrication techniques that utilize expensive photolithography, etching, and vacuum‐metallization processes. However, the currently printed 2D transistors are plagued by unsatisfactory electrical performance, thick semiconductor layers, and low device density. Herein, a facile and scalable 2D semiconductor printing strategy is demonstrated utilizing the interface capture effect and hyperdispersed 2D nanosheet ink to fabricate high‐quality and atomic‐thick semiconductor thin‐film arrays without additional surfactants. Printed robust thin‐film transistors using 2D semiconductors (e.g., MoS2) and 2D conductive electrodes (e.g., graphene) exhibit high electrical performance, including a carrier mobility of up to 6.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio of 2 × 106 at 25 °C. As a proof of concept, 2D transistors are printed with a density of ≈47 000 devices per square centimeter. In addition, this method can be applied to many other 2D materials, such as NbSe2, Bi2Se3, and black phosphorus, for printing diverse high‐quality thin films. Thus, the strategy of printable 2D thin‐film transistors provides a scalable pathway for the facile manufacturing of high‐performance electronics at an affordable cost.
Narrow Bandgap Inorganic Ferroelectric Thin Film Materials
Authors: Wu Li , Yang Ya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHarvesting solar energy to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution is a research hotspot in the photovoltaic industry today. Conventional ferroelectric materials have a bandgap between 3.0 and 3.8 eV, and their low absorption coefficients and photocurrent densities limit the photovoltaic applications of ferroelectric materials. Inorganic ferroelectric thin film materials with narrow bandgap (1.1–2.0 eV) have high optical absorption coefficient and broad spectral response, wide bandgap tuning range (1.2–3.0 eV), as well as high photocurrent density and switchable ferroelectric photoelectric effect, which have great potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetection, photocatalysis. This review summarizes the recent developments of narrow bandgap inorganic ferroelectric thin‐film materials and aims to stimulate research interest and efforts in ferroelectric photovoltaic materials.
Shape‐Memorable, Self‐Healable, Recyclable, and Full‐Color Emissive Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Vitrimers with Exchangeable Covalent Bonds
Authors: Sun Zhibo , Deng Huangjun , Mao Zhu , Li Zhongyu , Nie Kaixuan , Fu Kexin , Chen Jifeng , Zhao Juan , Zhu Pengli , Chi Zhenguo , Sun Rong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymeric materials displaying ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) have drawn much attention in the fields of optoelectronics, bioimaging, and information encryption. However, it is challenging to realize polymeric UOP materials with variable mechanical strength, self‐healing, and superior processability. This work presents a low‐cost strategy to achieve polymeric UOP with full‐color‐emission (doping vitrimers with different phosphorescent emitters) by introducing exchangeable covalent cross‐linked bonds. These amorphous polymers show ultralong lifetimes up to 1.75 s under ambient conditions. Impressively, bright afterglow can be observed after soaking the different color films in water for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the polymeric UOP with exchangeable links exhibits self‐healable, recyclable, and shape memory features due to the dynamic covalent networks. These results outline a fundamental strategy to construct multifunctional polymers and pave a way to expanding polymeric phosphorescence materials and their applications.
Oxidative Cyclization of Aryl Ynones with NaNO2 for the Divergent Synthesis of NO2‐Containing Spiro[5.5]trienones, Indenones and Thioflavones
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chao , Shen Liu‐Yu , Li Jun‐Nan , Feng Jian‐Guo , Li Pinhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA K2S2O8‐promoted nitration/spirocyclization of biaryl ynones using inexpensive NaNO2 as nitro source has been described. This cascade reaction is triggered by nitration of alkyne and followed by 6‐exo‐trig spirocyclization, dearomatization, forming the NO2‐containing spiro[5.5]trienones in 63–85% yields. The present reaction also provides a practical method for the synthesis of nitrated indenones and thioflavones with 58–85% yields.magnified image
Electrocaloric Effect of Perovskite High Entropy Oxide Films
Authors: Son Yeongwoo , Zhu Wanlin , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes two perovskite high entropy oxide (PHEO) compositions: Pb(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Mn0.2)O3 (Mn PHEO) and Pb(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Al0.2)O3 (Al PHEO). Powders are prepared by conventional solid state sintering by first pre‐reacting the B‐site oxides, then adding PbO. Phase pure Mn PHEO powder is obtained following calcination of the mixed powders at 750 °C for 240 min; however, secondary phases persisted in Al PHEO for heat treatments from 750 °C to 1200 °C. The Mn PHEO undergoes an entropy‐driven phase transformation. Thin films of these compounds are synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on a lead zirconate titanate seed layer on Pt‐coated SiO2/Si. The dielectric response of the Mn PHEO films show some contribution from space charge polarizability; in contrast, the Al PHEO films show a slim ferroelectric hysteresis loop and relaxor‐like characteristics. The Al PHEO has a dielectric permittivity of ≈2000 with a loss tangent <0.05 from 100 Hz to 100 kHz; it has a dielectric maximum at 105 ±  0.5 °C and a Burns’ temperature of 234 ± 0.5 °C. Indirect measurements based on the Maxwell‐relations yielded a maximum electrocaloric temperature change of 8.4 K at 180 °C under the applied electric field of 1186 kV cm−1.
Local adaptation of seed and seedling traits along a natural aridity gradient may both predict and constrain adaptive responses to climate change
Authors: Christie Kyle , Pierson Natalie R. , Lowry David B. , Holeski Liza M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseVariation in seed and seedling traits underlies how plants interact with their environment during establishment, a crucial life history stage. We quantified genetic‐based variation in seed and seedling traits in populations of the annual plantPlantago patagonicaacross a natural aridity gradient, leveraging natural intraspecific variation to predict how populations might evolve in response to increasing aridity associated with climate change in the Southwestern U.S.MethodsWe quantified seed size, seed size variation, germination timing, and specific leaf area in a greenhouse common garden, and related these traits to the climates of source populations. We then conducted a terminal drought experiment to determine which traits were most predictive of survival under early‐season drought.ResultsAll traits showed evidence of clinal variation—seed size decreased, germination timing accelerated, and specific leaf area increased with increasing aridity. Populations with more variable historical precipitation regimes showed greater variation in seed size, suggestive of past selection shaping a diversified bet‐hedging strategy mediated by seed size. Seedling height, achieved via larger seeds or earlier germination, was a significant predictor of survival under drought.ConclusionsWe documented substantial interspecific trait variation as well as clinal variation in several important seed and seedling traits, yet these slopes were often opposite to predictions for how individual traits might confer drought tolerance. This work shows that plant populations may adapt to increasing aridity via correlated trait responses associated with alternative life history strategies, but that trade‐offs might constrain adaptive responses in individual traits.
Homo naledi lumbar vertebrae and a new 3D method to quantify vertebral wedging
Authors: Williams Scott A. , Zeng Iris , Guerra Jordan S. , Nalla Shahed , Elliott Marina C. , Hawks John , Berger Lee R. , Meyer Marc R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn humans and known fossil hominins, lumbar lordosis is produced by vertebral body wedging and other bony and soft tissue features such as the shape of the intervertebral discs. Current techniques for quantifying the wedging of vertebral bodies are limited in utility, especially when analyzing incomplete fossil material. Here, we introduce a 3D method to quantify vertebral body wedging angles that yields the angles between two “best fit” planes in the software GeoMagic Wrap (3D Systems).Materials and MethodsTo test that this new method is repeatable with existing methods, we measure the wedging of 320 lumbar vertebrae representing 64 modern human individuals. For each vertebra, wedging angles were calculated from linear measurements taken with calipers and compared with estimates generated from the 3D best fit plane method. We also apply the 3D plane method to fossil hominin lumbar vertebrae, including newly described lumbar vertebrae of Homo naledi, the majority of which do not preserve the four landmarks necessary to calculate wedging angles using the traditional approach.ResultsThe results of the two methods are highly and significantly correlated (r2 = 0.98, p < 0.0001). The 3D plane method was successfully applied to nearly all of the fossil hominin specimens included in the study.DiscussionThe new 3D plane method introduced here is repeatable with the traditional linear measurement method and allows for the estimation of wedging angles in incomplete material. When applied to Homo naledi lumbar vertebrae, similarities to other fossil hominins and modern humans are found.
Poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) based ultra‐strong and tough thermoplastic polyurethane‐urea with multi‐urea segments and oriented microstructures
Authors: Li Qin , Zhang Hao , Guo Mingyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLA) has been widely studied and used in biomedical areas because of its well‐known biocompatibility, degradability and renewability, its potential application is still greatly limited by its brittleness and poor ductility. In this work, we, for the first time, reported a series of multi‐urea linkage segmented ultra‐strong thermoplastic polyurethane‐urea (PUU) copolymers using PLA and poly(ε‐caprolactone) as the mixed soft segments and water as an indirect in situ chain extender. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile modulus of the obtained PUU copolymers are 45–52 MPa, 380–540% and 180–430 MPa, respectively. After a simple one‐step uniaxial tensile deformation was applied to these PUU copolymers, their tensile strength and tensile modulus could be dramatically increased to 200 and 630 MPa, respectively, while maintaining enough good ductility (elongation at break >50%). Scanning electron microscope and Wide‐angle X‐ray Diffraction results showed that the dramatically improved mechanical performance should be mainly attributed to their more oriented microstructures. This study provided an easy strategy to pursuing synthetic PLA based biopolymers combining with ultrahigh mechanical strength and biocompatible and degradable properties.
Effect of carbon fiber on the properties of polymer cement based building sealant
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Bai Erlei , Ren Biao , Huang He , Ren Weibo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe working property, bond property, and mechanical property of five kinds of polymer cement based building sealant (PCBS) with different carbon fiber content were tested. The effect of carbon fiber on the properties of PCBS was discussed by analyzing the variation of the leveling performance, consistency, low temperature flexibility, surface dry time, elastic recovery rate, tensile mechanical property, and shear mechanical property of PCBS with carbon fiber content. And the modification mechanism of carbon fiber on PCBS was interpreted using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques. The results shows that PCBS still has good working property and bonding property with carbon fiber addition. As the carbon fiber content increases, the leveling performance and low temperature flexibility of PCBS are unaltered., the consistency increases, while the surface drying time and elastic recovery rate decrease. The tensile and shear mechanical properties of PCBS can be improved by adding carbon fiber. With the increase of carbon fiber content, the strength performance indexes of PCBS increase, while the energy consumption performance indexes first increased followed by a decrease. When the carbon fiber content is 0.1%, the properties of PCBS is the best. The pore structure of PCBS gradually deteriorates, and the total porosity and the percentage of macropores increase with carbon fiber addition. Carbon fiber primarily exerts cracking resistance and internal deterioration effects in PCBS.
Stone‐flaking technology at Leang Bulu Bettue, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Perston Yinika L. , Moore Mark W. , Suryatman n.f.n. , Burhan Basran , Hakim Budianto , Hasliana n.f.n. , Agus Oktaviana Adhi , Lebe Rustan , Mahmud Irfan , Brumm Adam 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTApproximately 50000 stone artefacts have been recovered from the prehistoric site of Leang Bulu Bettue (LBB), on the Wallacean island of Sulawesi, in Indonesia. This large assemblage offers the opportunity to produce a large‐scale, comprehensive model of the early lithic technologies of South Sulawesi. Through the analysis of half of this assemblage, this study identifies a technological shift between the artefacts produced ca.50–40 thousand years ago (ka) – the “Lower Industry” – and the “Upper Industry” artefacts produced ca.40–16 ka. The majority of the assemblage belongs to the Upper Industry, and these artefacts are associated with portable art, ornamentation, and theHomo sapiensremains reported in previous works. These Upper Industry artefacts are largely made on chert that was brought to the site, sometimes in the form of large flake blanks, which was further reduced within the cave and used for ochre and plant processing. Artefact reduction was strategic during this period, and the bipolar method was frequently used for controlled reduction of flakes of various sizes. This represents a shift from the technology seen on the small number of Lower Industry artefacts, recovered from the deeper deposits. The oldest lithic artefacts yet reported from the site were made on immediately available limestone pieces, which were reduced through least‐effort and non‐intensive flake removal dictated by the available platforms. This study is compared to an analysis of Pleistocene artefacts at the nearby site of Leang Burung 2, where a similar technological shift has been observed.
Water‐based Formuation of Inkjet Inks Using Jute Stick‐derived Submicron Carbon Particles
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Shah Syed Shaheen , Reza Shamim , Hakeem Abbas S. , Mahfoz Wael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiomass pyrolysis generates significant amount hazardous gases (such as CH4, CO, and H2) which are counted as highly environmental pollutants. The utilization of these gases as fuel during pyrolysis could be a suitable choice for protecting the environment. Hence, we pyrolyzed biomass, jute sticks, using a customized pilot furnace, which recycled the generated gases as fuel. We further ball‐milled the obtained carbon to make submicron carbon particles. The formation of submicron carbon particles was confirmed with field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, and thermogravimetric analysis. The zeta‐potential studies confirmed the high negative surface zeta potential of the prepared submicron carbon that was due to its polar functional groups (−OH, COOH, and CO), which were confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. These polar functional groups facilitate their dispersion in the aqueous solution of biocompatible ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol to form water‐based environment‐friendly inkjet inks. The printing test of the developed ink was performed using a Canon printer (PIXMA; model: G3420) and compared with the performance of commercial inkjet black ink. The results indicate that the performance of the developed inkjet ink is similar to the commercial one.
Uncovering sex/gender differences of arithmetic in the human brain: Insights from fMRI studies
Authors: Chang Ting‐Ting , Chen Nai‐Feng , Fan Yang‐Teng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the long run, STEM fields had been perceived as dominant by males, despite that numerous studies have shown that female students do not underperform their male classmates in mathematics and science. In this review, we discuss whether and how sex/gender shows specificity in arithmetic processing using a cognitive neuroscience approach not only to capture contemporary differences in brain and behavior but also to provide exclusive brain bases knowledge that is unseen in behavioral outcomes alone. We begin by summarizing studies that had examined sex differences/similarities in behavioral performance of mathematical learning, with a specific focus on large‐scale meta‐analytical data. We then discuss how the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach can contribute to understanding neural mechanisms underlying sex‐specific effects of mathematical learning by reviewing structural and functional data. Finally, we close this review by proposing potential research issues for further exploration of the sex effect using neuroimaging technology. Through the lens of advancement in the neuroimaging technique, we seek to provide insights into uncovering sex‐specific neural mechanisms of learning to inform and achieve genuine gender equality in education.
New insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jin Shangyi , Zhao Jiuliang , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the past few decades, understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved substantially. Insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in RA have enabled the discovery of new therapeutic targets and led to the development of biologics and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. In parallel with the improvement in therapies, the evolution of strategies in the management of RA has also contributed considerably to better outcomes in patients. Major changes include the development of disease activity measures, formulation of the treat‐to‐target principles as well as increased attention to comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases may increase the mortality of RA patients, affect their treatment strategies and result in worse outcomes. Therefore, prevention and management of certain high‐risk comorbidities have become increasingly important in the long‐term treatment of RA. In this study, we summarized new insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities, with a special focus on the 2021 update of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for RA and key reports presented at the 2021 ACR convergence.
Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents
Authors: Dolai Ramapada , Kumar Rahul , Elvers Benedict J. , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Joseph Benson , Sikari Rina , Nayak Mithilesh Kumar , Maiti Avijit , Singh Tejender , Chrysochos Nicolas , Jayaraman Arumugam , Krummenacher Ivo , Mondal Jagannath , Priyakumar U. Deva , Braunschweig Holger , Yildiz Cem B. , Schulzke Carola , Jana Anukul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC‐only and CAAC‐only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC‐only based CDC with KC8results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC‐only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon–carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon–carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n‐dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.