bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EUSKAL HIRIA: LA ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO EN EUSKADI
Authors: ARREGI MARTÍN 
Published: March 2022

En Euskadi la escala de la Ordenación del Territorio está consolidada. Las DOT plantean cuatro líneas de acción principales para la ordenación del medio físico: el establecimiento de denominaciones y criterios homogéneos para la Ordenación del Suelo No Urbanizable, la protección urbanística de Espacios de Interés Natural, evitar procesos de urbanización difusa mediante la prohibición de nuevas viviendas aisladas en suelo no urbanizable, y aportar orientaciones para el tratamiento del medio ambiente y de los recur-sos naturales por parte de los planes urbanísticos y sectoriales, así como para su consideración en las actuaciones públicas y privadas. Si bien la población no ha variado esencialmente en los últimos 10 años, la superficie urbanizada ha crecido en casi un 20%, con el aumento generalizado del parque de viviendas, con cifras que no guardan relación con la variación de la población. Como complemento de las DOT, se han desarrollado múltiples Planes Territoriales Parciales y Planes Territoriales Sectoriales.
Euskadin, Lurraldearen Antolamenduaren maila sendoturik dago. Lurraldearen Antolamendurako Artezpideek (LAA) ingurune fisikoa antolatzeko lau ekintza-lerro nagusi aurkezten dituzte: lurzoru urbanizaezinaren antolamendurako izendapen eta irizpide homogeneoak ezartzea; Natur Intereseko Guneen hirigintza-babesa; urbanizazio lausoko prozesuak ekiditea, lurzoru urbanizaezinean etxebizitza bakartu berriak debekatuz, hau da,
horrelako etxebizitzak eraikitzea debekatuz, eta hirigintza- eta sektore-planek ingurumena eta natur baliabideak tratatzeko jarraibideak eskainiz, bai eta ingurumena eta natur baliabideak jarduketa publiko eta pribatuetan aintzat hartzeko ere. Nahiz eta biztanleria funtsean ez den aldatu azken 10 urteetan, eremu urbanizatua ia %20 hazi da aldi horretan, eta etxebizitza-parkeak ere igoera orokorra izan du. Igoera horren zenbakiek, gainera, ez dute loturarik biztanle-kopuruaren aldakuntzarekin. LAAen osagarri moduan, hainbat lurraldeko zatiplan eta lurraldeko arlo-plan garatu dira.
In Euskadi, the scale of zoning is consolidated. The guidelines on zoning propose four main courses of action in order to manage the physical medium: the establishment of denominations and homogeneous criteria for the planning of land which may not be developed, the protection from planning in Nature Reserves, avoiding diffuse planning processes by means of prohibitions of new isolated houses in land which may not be developed, and providing guidance for the treatment of environment and natural resources by urban and sectorial plans on development as well as their consideration in public and private actions. Although the population has not essentialy oscillate for the last ten years, developed areas have grown almost a twenty per cent, raising the total number of houses, with numbers not proportional to the evolution of population. As a complement to the guidelines on zoning, many partial urban plans and sectorial urban plans were developed.
Autonomía universitaria en el Perú. En crisis
Authors: Sánchez Pinedo Luz Doris 
Published: March 2022

Tomando como premisa los profundos cambios que acontecen en el mundo, en la sociedad, y el rol que sus universidades cumplen, desde aquella primera de Boloña (más de nueve siglos de existencia) hasta las universidades de rango global, mundial, competitivas, modernas, éticas, que promueven la verdad y el saber, la ciencia, la tecnología, la innovación tecnológica, helicoidales, transformadoras y empoderadas dentro de una sociedad y que constantemente requieren de calidad, con docentes comprometidos con la libertad de cátedra y altamente calificados, con excelente formación profesional y de posgrado, científico talentosos y proyección social, promotores del desarrollo sostenible en el Perú, nos lleva a enfrentamientos relacionados al acceso a nueva información para generar y distribuir nuevo conocimientos. Los conocimientos tienen poder. De ahí la problemática.
Es lo que tenemos y una pincelada de nuestra realidad es necesaria.
Se dice que la universidad pública es ineficiente que tiene poca calidad y con ese argumento en la Ley Universitaria 30220 (2014) se consigna una normatividad que al pasar los años ha devenido en destructiva e ilegítima, no solo atentando contra la libertad de cátedra, para investigar, sino que al tener una normatividad que permiten subsumir a las universidades a los gobiernos de turno pierden aquella visión de libertad, ética y transparencia que el avance de la ciencia requiere para generar conocimiento. La autonomía universitaria la premune de flexibilización en el armado de sus planes de estudio que tendrán un marco transformador de la sociedad de acuerdo a los conceptos actuales de franca expansión digital, global. Es una bondad imperativa que ha costado años de franca lucha para lograrla, pues siempre ha existido esa pugna del estado y los poderes fácticos por controlarla. La Ley 30220 (2014) y sus artículos 1, 5, 17 y 20 lastiman este concepto. Necesitamos crear pensamiento crítico y significativo, trascendente, innovador y transformador. Por ello el debate favorable, a la fecha, de los Proyectos de Ley 697/2021. CR y 862/2021.CR, por la Comisión de Educación, Juventud y Deporte requiere de su consolidación a través de una segunda votación, que no dudamos será favorable.
Analisis Pola Pemasaran Cabai Merah Kriting (Capsicum Anum L) di Desa Rimba Alai Kecamatan Banyausin III Kabupaten Banyuasin
Authors: Kuswantinah Kuswantinah 
Published: March 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki daratan yang sangat luas sehingga mata pencaharian penduduk sebagian besar berada pada sektor pertanian, oleh karena itu Indonesia dikenal sebagi negara agraris yang berarti negara yang mengandalkan sektor pertanian sebagai penopang pembangunan juga sebagai sumber mata pencaharian pen Pasar Lelang, sebagai suatu upaya memperpendek rantai pemasaran sehingga diharapkan petani bisa mendapatkan harga yang lebih layak. Sebagai komoditi unggulan di Pasar Lelang, sebagai suatu upaya memperpendek rantai pemasaran sehingga diharapkan petani bisa mendapatkan harga yang lebih layak uduknya (Departemen Pertanian, 2010). Proses lelang dilakukan dengan mekanisme untuk melindungi petani dari permainan harga pada saat panen. membantu petani mendapatkan batas harga yang lebih baik dan di Desa Rantau Alai Kecamatan Banyuasin II. Pemilihan lokasi ini dilakukan secara purposive (sengaja). Pertimbangannya adalah Desa Rantau Alai merupakan daerah yang berpotensial untuk mengusahakan cabe merah keriting di Kabupaten Banyuasin III. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulani Januari 2019 sampai dengan Juni 2019.
Penerimaan usahatani merupakan hasil kali total produksi dengan harga satuannya. Produksi adalah total hasil dari usahatani yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk fisik. Sedangkan pendapatan merupakan selisih antara total penerimaan dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan selama berlangsungnya proses produksi dari usahatani cabai. Produksi petani yang menjual cabe dengan sistem lelang lebih banyak dan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan produksi petani yang menjual dengan sistem non lelang. Produksi cabe merah keriting rata-rata sebesar 5.765 kg per hektar pada saat penelitian dan harga jual di pasar lelang rata-rata Rp. 47.000,00 sedangkan produksi petani yang pendapatan petani yang menjual cabe secara lelang lebih besar dari pendapatan petani yang menjual cabe secara bebas dan non lelang. Jika dibandingkan antara nilai t hitung untuk petani yang menjual secara lelang 4.38 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai t hitung untuk petani yang menjual cabai merah keriting secara benas dengan nilai = 3,976. Artinya 4,38 > 3,976 terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara pendapatan petani yang menjual secara lelang dibandingkan dengan pendapatan petani yang menjual secara bebas atau non lelang.
Contralateral effect of unilateral motor priming on grasping in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Ismaeel Marwa Mostafa Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionCross-training, as a type of unilateral movement-based priming, could enhance the affected side depending on strengthening of the non-affected side. It was aimed to investigate the effect of unilateral movement-based priming on handgrip strength and fine motor developmental outcomes of the affected upper extremity in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.MethodsOverall, 32 patients participated in this study; they were randomly classified into 2 groups. Group A subjects engaged in a selected occupational therapy program based on fine motor development, while those in group B received exercises to increase contralateral hand strength followed by application of the same program as group A. The treatment programs were conducted 3 times per week for 10 successive weeks. The outcomes included affected handgrip strength as a primary outcome and age equivalent for grasping in the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale – Fine Motor (PDMS-FM). These measures were recorded before and after the application of the allocated interventions.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences when comparing pre- and post-treatment mean values in each group. Also, there was a significant difference in favour of the study group when comparing post-treatment mean values (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsUnilateral motor priming through cross-training is effective in improving grasping outcomes of the affected upper extremity concerning strength and fine motor development in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
Hand function response to static progressive splinting in post-burn finger contracture
Authors: Maher Akram A. , Abd El Baky Amal M. , Ellabban Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionRestoring hand function is an important determinant of the quality of life in victims of burns. The purpose of the study was to determine the changes in the functional outcome when applying a flexion static progressive splint on the metacarpophalangeal joints of the contracted fingers after a burn injury.MethodsThis study included 60 patients referred to the hand therapy clinic 6 months after the injury. They presented with a burn on the dorsal portion of the hand with limited flexion range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal joints. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups (30 patients each). Group A (splint group) were treated with custom-made static progressive flexion splints. Additionally, they received physical therapy and medical treatment throughout the study period (8 weeks). Group B (control group) received physical therapy and medical treatment only. The burned hand was evaluated before and after treatment by measuring the metacarpophalangeal passive range of motion, determining grip strength, and employing the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test to assess the overall hand function.ResultsA statistically significant increase in all variables occurred in both groups after the intervention, with a higher increase in group A. In groups A and B, the p-values of passive range of motion were 0.001 and 0.784, of grip strength 0.023 and 0.608, and of Jebsen-Taylor hand function test 0.048 and 0.411, respectively.ConclusionsStatic progressive splint coupled with physical therapy can optimally improve hand function in patients with restricted metacarpophalangeal flexion passive range of motion after burn injuries.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the management of macular edema: A review of the literature
Authors: Shahsuvaryan Marianne L 
Published: March 2022

Background: Macular edema (ME) is a vision-threatening condition that commonly develops as a consequence of ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, retinal vaso-occlusion of the central retinal vein and its branches, diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, pseudophakia, ocular trauma, and drug toxicity. The treatment of ME remains challenging, although steroids and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are available. Cost-effective therapy using a noninvasive administration route is required. This study aimed at reviewing the role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in the management of ME.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for studies from January 2000 to March 2022. The following keywords were used in various combinations: “macular edema”, “carbonic anhydrase”, “carbonic anhydrase inhibitors”, “acetazolamide”, “dorzolamide”, and “brinzolamide”.
Results: Articles with high or medium clinical relevance were selected for this review. We found that multiple studies have demonstrated the relevance and efficacy rates of CAIs in the management of ME. Most published studies focused on acetazolamide and dorzolamide, with nearly all studies reporting therapeutic responses.
Conclusions: ME is the leading cause of vision loss and requires noninvasive and cost-effective pharmacotherapy. With progress in the understanding of ME, particularly the role of carbonic anhydrase as a key driver, CAIs are the focus of research. Further optimization of the choice of CAIs and retinal bioavailability, potentially with nanoparticle formulations, is required to enable the effective management of ME. Further research is warranted to address the therapeutic effects of CAIs in different formulations.
Mononuclear pyrazine-2-carbohydrazone metal complexes: Synthesis, structural assessment, thermal, biological, and electrical conductivity studies
Authors: Bansod Ashish , Bhaskar Ravindra , Ladole Chandarshekhar , Salunkhe Nilesh , Thakare Kanchan , Aswar Anand 
Published: March 2022

Mononuclear complexes of VO(IV), Cr(III), Fe(III), MoO2(VI), WO2(VI), and UO2(VI) with pyrazinecarbohydrazone ligand (N'-(1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide) were synthesized and the prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, powder X-ray analysis, various spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectra), SEM, and thermal analysis. VO(IV) complex was additionally characterized by ESR study. The ligand behaves as a dibasic tridentate, coordinating through the phenolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and enolate oxygen atoms towards the central metal ion. The analytical data suggest 1:1 metal to ligand stoichiometry for all complexes. The physicochemical data suggested octahedral geometry to Cr(III), Fe(III), MoO2(VI), WO2(VI), and UO2(VI) complexes while square pyramidal to VO(IV) complex. The SEM analysis indicated the presence of well-defined crystals free from any shadow of the metal ion on their external surface with particle sizes of greater than 10 μm. Various kinetics and thermodynamic parameters are calculated using Coats-Redfern method and on the basis of half decomposition temperature the thermal stability order of complexes was found to be Cr(III) < WO2(VI) < Fe(III) < MoO2(VI) < VO(IV) < UO2(VI). The solid-state electrical conductivity of compounds was measured in their pellet form in the temperature range form 313-373 K. The conductivity data vary exponentially with the absolute temperature and obey Arrhenius equation indicating their semiconducting behavior. The antibacterial as well as antifungal activities of ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated in vitro against Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhi.) and fungal strains (C. albicans and A. niger). The activity data revealed metal complexes are found to be more active than the ligand.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT studies, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2,2'-(((methylene-bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))diphenol
Authors: Patra Goutam Kumar , De Dinesh 
Published: March 2022

The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical studies of the title compound has been reported in this study. The molecular structure has been characterized by room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study which reveals that it has an angular shape with intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Crystal data for the title compound, C27H22N2O2 (M =406.46 g/mol): monoclinic, space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 36.371(10) Å, b = 4.6031(12) Å, c = 12.192(3) Å, β = 94.972(6)°, V = 2033.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, T = 100 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.084 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.328 g/cm3, 8812 reflections measured (2.248° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 49.734°), 1773 unique (Rint = 0.0323, Rsigma = 0.0239) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0411 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1165 (all data). In crystal structure, the molecule exits in the enol form and is located on a two-fold axis of symmetry; where the central methylene carbon atom of the diphenylmethane moiety is displaced from the aromatic ring planes. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound shows that H···H, C···H, and O···H interactions of 53.3, 13.2, and 5.4%; respectively, which exposed that the main intermolecular interactions were H···H intermolecular interactions. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap in the title compound is 2.9639 eV. Molecular electrostatic potential of the investigated compound has also been studied.
In situ reinvestigation of reaction phase A plus high-pressure clinoenstatite to forsterite plus water in the system MgO-SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O (MSH)
Authors: Lathe Christian , Koch-Müller Monika , Wunder Bernd , Appelt Oona , Bhat Shrikant , Farla Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The dehydration reaction of phase A + high P
clinoenstatite to forsterite + water was experimentally investigated at water-saturated conditions in the pressure range between 7.0 and 10.0 GPa by in situ reversal runs in a multi-anvil press at the synchrotron source of PETRA III in Hamburg. By using closed watertight X-ray transparent
Ti capsules, its position is determined by reversal brackets at 8.3 GPa (700–760 ∘C), 8.6 GPa (700–740 ∘C), and 9.8 GPa (750–800 ∘C); thus, the equilibrium of the reaction corresponds ideally to the data reported by Wunder (1998). Optical investigations of the quenched product phases show strong grain coarsening of phase A and clinoenstatite, whereas nucleated forsterite from the breakdown of the aforementioned phases is very fine grained. This corresponds to recent experimental observations that the grain size of phases formed in hydration reactions are significantly larger than those from dehydration reactions. In addition, we performed three time-dependent in situ experiments at 9–10 GPa and 800–870 ∘C and monitored the reaction progress every 10 min to determine the kinetics of the forsterite formation from phase A + high P clinoenstatite. The growth of forsterite at these P–T conditions, already visible after 10 min, confirms the results of the bracketing experiments. However, the reaction is extremely slow, and even after more than 3 h, significant amounts of phase A and high P clinoenstatite are still present. This is in contradiction to other dehydration reactions of former experimental studies, e.g. the fast dehydration of serpentine, which completely dehydrates within 3 h, even at much lower temperatures, closely overstepping serpentine stability. Despite its reaction sluggishness, which would contradict the concept of earthquake initiation, the observed formation of nano-sized forsterite as a dehydration product may still indicate the potential of this reaction to cause mechanical instabilities and, thus, seismicity within cold subduction
zones at depths of the Earth's mantle. Additionally, at depths exceeding serpentine dehydration, the phase A + high P/low P clinoenstatite breakdown to forsterite + water might induce geochemical and geophysical processes, including the formation of low-velocity zones within the overlying mantle wedge from the large amounts of fluid liberated by this water line reaction. After the breakdown of antigorite, the assemblage phase A + clinoenstatite might act as a bridge to transport water to larger depths during cold subduction, followed by the formation of other hydrous high P phases.
How many grains are needed for quantifying catchment erosion from tracer thermochronology?
Authors: Madella Andrea , Glotzbach Christoph , Ehlers Todd A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Detrital tracer thermochronology utilizes the relationship between bedrock thermochronometric age–elevation profiles and a distribution of detrital grain ages collected from riverine, glacial, or other sediment to study spatial variations in the distribution of catchment erosion. If bedrock ages increase linearly with elevation, spatially uniform erosion is expected to yield a detrital age distribution that mimics the shape of a catchment's hypsometric curve. Alternatively, a mismatch between
detrital and hypsometric distributions may indicate spatial variability of
sediment production within the source area. For studies seeking to identify
the pattern of sediment production, detrital samples rarely exceed 100
grains due to the time and costs related to individual measurements. With
sample sizes of this order, detecting the dissimilarity between two detrital
age distributions produced by different catchment erosion scenarios can be
difficult at a high statistical confidence level. However, there are no
established software tools to quantify the uncertainty inherent to detrital
tracer thermochronology as a function of sample size and spatial pattern of
sediment production. As a result, practitioners are often left wondering
“how many grains is enough to detect a certain signal?”. Here, we
investigate how sample size affects the uncertainty of detrital age
distributions and how such uncertainty affects the ability to infer a
pattern of sediment production of the upstream area. We do this using the
Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic as a metric of dissimilarity among
distributions. From this, we perform statistical hypothesis testing by means of Monte Carlo sampling. These techniques are implemented in a new tool (ESD_thermotrace) to (i) consistently report the confidence level allowed by the sample size as a function of application-specific variables and given a set of user-defined hypothetical erosion scenarios, (ii) analyze the statistical power to discern each scenario from the uniform erosion hypothesis, and (iii) identify the erosion scenario that is least dissimilar to the observed detrital sample (if available). ESD_thermotrace is made available as a new open-source Python-based script alongside the test data. Testing between different hypothesized erosion scenarios with this tool provides thermochronologists with the minimum sample size (i.e., number of bedrock and detrital grain ages) required to answer their specific scientific question at their desired level of statistical confidence.