bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow dosimetry for mice: exposure from bone-seeking 89,90Sr
Authors: Shishkina Elena , Shuiskaya Alina , Sharagin Pavel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Studies of radiobiological effects in murine rodents exposed to internal radiation in the wild or in laboratory experiments require a dosimetric support. The main problem of bone marrow (BM) dosimetry for bone-seeking β-emitters is dosimetric modeling due to the fact that the bone is a heterogeneous structure with complex microarchitecture. To date, there are several approaches to calculating the absorbed dose in BM, which mostly use rough geometric approximations. Recently, in the framework of studies of people exposed to 90Sr in the Urals, a new approach (SPSD) has been developed. The aim of current study was to pilot test the possibility of extension of the SPSD-approach elaborated for humans to mice. The computational phantoms of femur bones of laboratory animals (C57BL/6, C57BL/6J, BALB/c, BALB/cJ) aged 5–8 weeks (growing) and > 8 weeks (adults) were created. The dose factors to convert the 89,90Sr activity concentrations in a bone tissue into units of the dose rate absorbed in the bone marrow were estimated as follows: DFSr−90(BM←TBV + CBV) is equal to 1.75 ± 0.42 and 2.57 ± 0.93 (µGy day− 1) per (Bq g− 1) for growing and adults, respectively; DFSr−89(BM←TBV + CBV) is equal to 1.08 ± 0.27 and 1.66 ± 0.67 (µGy day− 1) per (Bq g− 1) for growing and adults, respectively. These results are about 2.5 times lower than skeleton-average DF, calculated assuming the homogenous bone, where source and target coincide. The study demonstrates the possibility of application of the SPSD-approach elaborated for humans to non-human mammals.
Microbiota-mediated nitrogen fixation and homeostasis in aerial root-mucilage
Authors: Zhiqiang Pang , Xinyu Mao , Sheng Yu , Guizhou Liu , Lu Chengkai , Jinpeng Wan , Hu Lingfei , Zhou Shaoqun , Peng Xu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants sustain intimate relationships with diverse microbes. While it is well recognized that these plant-associated microbiota shape individual performance and fitness of host plants, how they exert their function and maintain their homeostasis are largely unexplored. Here, using the pink lady plant (Heterotis rotundifolia) as a model, we investigated the phenomenon of microbiota-mediated nitrogen fixa-tion as well as the proximal homeostasis mechanisms of this process in the aerial root mucilage. The aerial root mucilage is enriched in primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, and abundant diazo-trophic bacteria. Nitrogen-labeled experiments and gene expression analysis indicate that the aerial root-mucilage microhabitat fixes atmospheric nitrogen to support plant growth. The presence of a key "police" fungus in the mucilage helps the host plant to defend against environmental microbes rather than diazotrophs. The discovery of new biological function and “police” fungi in the aerial root-mucilage microhabitat provides insights into microbial homeostasis maintenance of microenvironmental function and rhizosphere ecology.
Scalable and Energy Efficient Cluster Based Anomaly Detection against Dos Attacks in WSN
Authors: M Premkumar , Ashokkumar  , V Jeevanantham , G Mohanbabu , S Anupallavi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently, with the meteoric evolution in the wireless communication technologies, countless real world applications which will reshape the way of seeking in robotic exploration, commercial, military, battlefield surveillance, border control and health-related areas. Due to its open nature, the network is easily prone to DoS attacks and can have significant influence on the behavior of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Because of node energy capability the node verification using crypto analysis is a difficult one. In this paper, use of spatial information is used to detect and localize the multiple adversaries in both same and different node identity. This paper describes the scalable and energy efficient cluster based anomaly detection (SEECAD) mechanism to identify DoS attacks without the key management schemes to increase the lifetime of the network. Detection rate, false positive rate, packet delivery ratio, overhead, energy consumption and average delay of packets are various types of network parameters by which the performance can be measured. The result shows that the hit rate is achieved and high reliability in detecting and localizing multiple adversaries than previous systems is also achieved.
An urban drought categorization framework and the vulnerability of a lowland city to groundwater urban droughts
Authors: Machairas Ilias , de Ven Frans van 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to climate change droughts will intensify in large parts of the world. Drought and its impacts on nature and agriculture have been studied thoroughly, but its effects on the urban environment is rather unexplored. But also the built environment is susceptible to droughts and estimation of its vulnerability is the first step to its protection. This article is focusing on assessing the vulnerability of a city to groundwater drought, using parts of the lowland city of Leiden, the Netherlands, as a case study.Using a new urban drought categorization framework, groundwater drought is separated from soil moisture drought, open water drought and water supply drought, as each has its own impacts. Vulnerability was estimated as the aggregation of exposure and damage sensitivity[1]. Drought deficit and duration were used as exposure indicators. Weights indicators to quantify the vulnerability and their values were assessed using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a small number of experts.Based on these weights the spatial variation in vulnerability for groundwater drought follows sensitivity patterns - rather than exposure ones. A combination of Fixed and Variable threshold groundwater level analysis provided a profound insight into drought exposure for our case study. Besides, out of all sensitivity indicators used, ‘land use', ‘low income' and ‘monuments’ contributed the most to the spatial variation in vulnerability. Due to the fact that the convergence of drought experts’ opinions in the AHP was low these vulnerability results however remain uncertain.The proposed methodology however allows water managers to determine vulnerability of urbanized areas to groundwater drought, identify highly vulnerable areas and focus their mitigating actions.[1] Sensitivity to damage is often referred to as vulnerability. But Vulnerability is defined in literature in many different ways. That is why the term ‘damage sensitivity’ or ‘sensitivity’ is used in this article.
Synthesis, X-ray structure, DFT investigation and in silico molecular docking of 1,3,5-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6- trione
Authors: Omrani Rania , Jebli Nejib , Arfaoui Youssef , Chevalier Yves , Akacha Azaîez Ben 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
1,3,5-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TCy-TAZTO) was obtained with high chemoselectivity and excellent yield, through an efficient and simple cyclotrimerization of isocyanatocyclohexane performed at room temperature and under mild reaction condition. The newly synthesized TCy-TAZTO was characterized with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to investigate its molecular structure. The Hirshfeld surface, curvedness, shape index and 2D-fingerprint plots were used to evaluate various intermolecular interactions within the crystal structure. DFT calculations, intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), Wiberg bond index and FOMs computational studies were performed to get more insights into the stability and the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the molecular docking of the TCy-TAZTO was studied against different proteins to investigate the efficacy against selected drug targets of platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, antithrombotic and anti HIV-1disease.
Analysis of drought severity and vegetation condition prediction using satellite remote sensing indices in Kolar and Chikkaballapura Districts, Karnataka State
Authors: N Harishnaika , Ahmed S.A , M Arpitha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Drought is a natural hazard with far-reaching effects including economic losses, and soil damages, and threatens the health of residents and livelihood. The present research aimed to observe the vegetation health index across the semi-arid regions of Karnataka state in 2015–2019 using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Landsat-8 dataset images, with a 30 m spatial resolution and from various platforms were used to recognize the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). The VCI is dependent on the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) datasets. The Temperature Condition Index used LST (land surface temperature datasets). As an outcome, the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) was generated and classified into 5 categories of drought: no drought, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme drought. The results indicate that the highest % of the extreme agricultural drought found in Chinthamani taluk is about 740.20 squares Km (20%) area. In the S-W monsoon showed Bagepalli is about 397.70 squares Km (18%), and Sidhlaghatta taluk is about 26% (338.55 squares Km). In the North-east Monsoon extreme drought severity was affected in Malur at 22% (704.05 squares Km), Mulubhagilu at 26% (909.99 squares Km), and Bangarapete at 21% (879.64 sq. km) of the area have severely affected the agriculture and vegetation from 2015–2019 respectively. Severe to moderate drought occurred in the north–east part of both areas of Kolar and Chikkaballapura districts. 2016 and 2017 experienced a less level of drought % with compared to the other study years. This study allows the monitoring of decision-makers, resolves drought conditions, and investigates more beneficially.
A Multi-stage Model for Rapid Identification of Geological Features in Shield Tunnelling
Authors: Hu Min , Lu Jing , Zhou WenBo , Xu Wei , Wu ZhaoYu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Decision-making on shield construction parameters depends on timely and accurate geological properties feedback. Real-time mastering of geological status around the shield during tunneling is necessary to achieve safe and efficient construction. However, balancing the model generalizability and the accuracy of geological identification remains a significant challenge. This paper proposes a Rapidly Geological Features Identification (RGFI) method that predicts the percentage of each stratum in the excavation face under different geological environments. The method consists of three stages: k-means-based geological type redefinition, eXtreme Gradient Boosting based geological type classification and convolutional neural network stratum distribution prediction with an attention mechanism. The method produces good generalization performance and achieves higher accuracy when simulating tunnel construction data for self-driving shield in the interval between Qian-Zhuang and Ke-Ning Road of Line 5 of Nanjing Metro in China. Furthermore, the method successfully provided more accurate geological information for the Hangzhou-Shaoxing intercity railroad tunnel project. It helped the ‘ZhiYu’ shield to adjust the construction parameters quickly and improve the safety and quality of the project.
A Novel PSO based Intelligence Link Prediction Algorithm in Real World Networks
Authors: Choudhury Deepjyoti , Acharjee Tapodhir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Link prediction is a critical challenge to analyse social networks with applications in areas such as information retrieval, bioinformatics, e-commerce etc. To overcome the challenges of either predicting the missing links or finding the future connections, a variety of approaches have been presented so far. Similarity-based approaches, which evaluate the network structure and use the number of shared neighbours between two nodes as a key criterion to determine structural similarity , are the most efficient among these methods. In this paper, we have proposed a novel link prediction algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and implemented it on different real world datasets. Our proposed approach achieved 72.75% accuracy in Zachary karate Club, 75.26% accuracy in Bottlenose Dolphin Network, 80.35% accuracy in College Football Network, and 78.36% accuracy in Kreb’s book Network which beat the performances of traditional algorithms.
Association Rule Mining for Genome-Wide Association Studies through Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Qian Guoqi , Sun Pei-Yun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Finding associations between genetic markers and a phenotypic trait such as coronary artery disease (CAD) is of primary interest in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A major challenge in GWAS is the involved genomic data often contain large number of genetic markers and the underlying genotype-phenotype relationship is mostly complex. Current statistical and machine learning methods lack the power to tackle this challenge with effectiveness and efficiency. In this paper we develop a stochastic search method to mine the genotype-phenotype associations from GWAS data. The new method generalizes the well-established association rule mining (ARM) framework for searching for the most important genotype-phenotype association rules, where we develop a multinomial Gibbs sampling algorithm and use it together with the Apriori algorithm to overcome the overwhelming computing complexity in ARM in GWAS. Three simulation studies based on synthetic data are used to assess the performance of our developed method, delivering the anticipated results. Finally, we illustrate the use of the developed method through a case study of CAD GWAS.
A Deep Learning Ensemble Framework for Off-Nadir Geocentric Pose Prediction
Authors: Sun Christopher , Sharma Jai , Maiti Milind 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Roughly 6,800 natural disasters occur worldwide annually, and this alarming number continues to grow due to the effects of climate change. Effective methods to improve natural disaster response include performing change detection, map alignment, and vision-aided navigation to allow for the time-efficient delivery of life-saving aid. Current software functions optimally only on nadir images taken ninety degrees above ground level. The inability to generalize to oblique images increases the need to compute an image's geocentric pose, which is its spatial orientation with respect to gravity. This Deep Learning investigation presents three convolutional models to predict geocentric pose using 5,923 nadir and oblique red, green, and blue (RGB) satellite images of cities worldwide. The first model is an autoencoder that condenses the 256x256x3 images to 32x32x16 latent space representations, demonstrating the ability to learn useful features from the data. The second model is a U-Net Fully Convolutional Network with skip connections used to predict each image's corresponding pixel-level elevation mask. This model achieves a median absolute deviation of 0.335 meters and an R2 of 0.865 on test data. Afterward, the elevation masks are concatenated with the RGB images to form four-channel inputs fed into the third model, which predicts each image's rotation angle and scale, the components of its geocentric pose. This Deep Convolutional Neural Network achieves an R2 of 0.943 on test data, significantly outperforming previous models designed by researchers. The high-accuracy software built in this study contributes to mapping and navigation procedures to accelerate disaster relief and save human lives.
Thalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala in Patients With Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: Volume Analysis
Authors: Alagoz Sedat , Bal Kemal Koray , Delibas Vedat , Cakir Aykut , Dilek Okan , Soker Elif Banu , Yaldiz Fatih , Gorgulu Feride Fatma , Kuran Gokhan , Ozdas Talih 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the existence and degree of chronic subjective tinnitus of unknown origin and the volumetric size of thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala. Methods: 100 patients who complaint of chronic subjective tinnitus applied to …. Hospital between 01.01.2020 and 31.12.2021 were included in the study. With volBrain system, thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala was measured. THI was performed on all patients and scores and grades were recorded. According to THI, patients were divided into 5 groups as Slight, Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Catastrophic. Results: Of the 100 patients participating in the study, 56 (56%) were female and 44 (44%) were male. The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 72, with a mean of 45.52. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was performed and their scores and degrees were checked. Scores range from 12 to 88, with an average of 47.44. Catastrophic tinnitus is statistically significantly higher in patients whose hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala volume/total brain volume ratio is less than the normal range for their age group (p<0.001). When the amygdala, thalamus and hippocampus volumes of patients with tinnitus were compared with the data of healthy patients in the volbrain system, they were found to be statistically significantly lower (respectively p<0.001, p=0.039, p=0.001).Conclusion: There is a need to focus more on additional neuropsychiatric assessment scales and volumetric measurement methods in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus and to elucidate unknown points in the etiopathogenesis of tinnitus
Key Components in Assessing Mental Capacity of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: A Study from Three Countries
Authors: Takimoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often refuse treatment despite their extremely low nutritional status. This study investigates the assessment methods of mental capacity for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) refusing treatment by physicians in Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) and identifies key points for assessment.Method: A questionnaire survey using vignette cases was conducted on physicians (Japan, n = 53; UK, n = 85; US, n = 85) who treated eating disorders.Results: A total of 23% of physicians in Japan, 32% in the UK, and 35% in the US rated the patients with AN as lack of decision-making capacity. Physicians who rated patients with AN as having impaired mental capacity placed significantly more emphasis on the “level of pathological values” when assessing their mental capacity. On the other hand, physicians who assessed patients with AN as having full mental capacity placed significantly more weight on “ability to express a choice or preference.”Conclusion: It may be necessary to add the “level of psychopathological values” to the assessment of mental capacity in relation to obesity fears and emotional disturbances in patients with AN, since emotions caused by psychopathological values strongly influence decision making. By considering the “level of psychopathological values”, it may be feasible to reflect the actual situation in the assessment of mental capacity when refusing treatment in AN, thus making it more likely to overcome ethical dilemmas.
Macula involving tractional retinal detachment after intravitreal ranibizumab – a case of crunch
Authors: Murali Arjune , Sharma Anil , Moloney Thomas P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:Tractional retinal detachment (TRD) is a rare complication of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent injection in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Previous reports have described a ‘crunch’ phenomenon wherein the agents precipitate TRD due to accelerated neovascular regression, fibrosis and posterior hyaloid contraction. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 53-year-old male with bilateral metamorphopsia on a background of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The right eye had a large frond of high-risk disc neovascularisation with associated supertemporal fibrosis and diabetic macula oedema. The left eye had a small frond of disc neovascularisation without haemorrhage. Bilateral panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was commenced with additional intravitreal anti-VEGF injections on the right eye. His first procedures of PRP and anti-VEGF injection were uncomplicated. However, he presented 10 days later with hand movements vision in the right eye associated with localised posterior pole TRD with a tractional macular hole. He subsequently underwent right vitrectomy, delamination/segmentation, internal limiting membrane peel, photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade. This was proceeded 3 months later with combined vitrectomy, removal of silicone oil, internal limiting membrane autograft, phacoemulsification/IOL with C3F8 gas. The final right eye visual acuity was hand movements due to a chronic macular hole however the left eye was subsequently successfully managed with PRP. Conclusions:Since anti-VEGF treatment is widespread in PDR management, ophthalmologists should consider the clinical timing of PRP and anti-VEGF injection procedures whilst also consenting the patient for the risk of TRD development and anticipating the need for timely surgery should it eventuate.
The structural and molecular mechanism of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-induced toxicity on the rat myocardium's cytoarchitecture with the potential protective function of quercetin
Authors: Mandour Dalia A. , Morsy Manal M. , Fawzy Amal , Mohamed Noura Mostafa , Ahmad Marwa M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The fluorinated substance perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a man-made fluorinated compound. It is employed in a variety of industrial and civilian applications. Due to its long elimination half-life and promotion of oxidative stress and inflammation, it is one of the most abundant organic contaminants. The effect of PFOS exposure on the heart, on the other hand, is still quite limited. Aim of work: This study was designed to determine the cytotoxic effect of PFOS on adult male albino rat cardiac tissue and to assess the cardioprotective role of the flavonoid Quercetin (Que), which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic characteristics. Material and methods: Twenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups; Group I (Control). Group II (Que). Group III (PFOS group): supplemented orally with PFOS (20 mg/kg for 4 weeks) and Group IV (PF OS/Que). The rat heart was processed for histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression studies Results: Compared with the control and Que groups, the PFOS group displayed histopathological changes in the myocardium involving disrupted cardiac muscle fibers, congested blood capillaries, inflammatory cellular infiltration and increased the mean area % of the intervening collagen fibers. In addition, this group displayed a weak immunoexpression of connexin 43 (CX43) with a strong immunoexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). PFOS increased the serum cardiac enzymes (LDH and CK-MB), lipid profile, TSH, MDA, and the inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). Also, PFOS induced over expression of apoptotic and SERCA2a genes. On the other hand, PFOS decreased total T3, T4 and the antioxidant enzymes; CAT and SOD. Administration of Que with PFOS partially attenuated the PFOS-induced histological and bimolecular changes. Conclusion: PFOS had adverse effects on the cardiac muscle structure and these effects were alleviated by Que which is a promising cardioprotective flavenoid.