bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the fluctuating magnetic field in a DC motor by a flat inductor sensor
Authors: Chen Jun , Gao Ya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes, for the first time, a fluctuant phenomenon of the magnetic field in a DC motor. The magnetic field of the DC motor with 15 slots was simulated based on the mechanical and electrical parameters. From the simulation results, four key field positions in a commutation cycle were obtained, and the magnetic fields of the four positions represented the phenomenon of magnetic fluctuation. The flux densities of the magnetic fluctuation at three speeds (

1418 r mi

n

−
1

,

1277

r mi

n

−
1

, and

1108

r

mi

n

−

1

) were calculated with the help of the simulation data. To verify the phenomenon of magnetic fluctuation, a flat and single-layer inductor sensor was fabricated on a PCB board with thickness 0.2 mm and embedded into the motor to measure the induced electromotive forces generated by the magnetic fluctuation. The maximum and minimum combined uncertainties of the measured fluctuation periods were 0.08 ms and 0.07 ms, respectively. Finally, the practical experiments of speed measurement from

700

r

mi

n

−

1

to 1400 r min−1 were finished. The maximum and minimum relative errors between the set and measured speeds were 0.07% and 0.01%, respectively. The combined uncertainties of the measured speed were less than 0.09 r min−1, which represented the perfect accuracy of this method.
Overview and recent progress of KSTAR diagnostics
Authors: Lee S.G. , Nam Y.U. , Bak J.G. , Juhn J.W. , Lee J.H. , Lee K.D. , Seo S.H. , Ko W.H. , Ko J.S. , Lee J. , Lee W.C. , Kim J.H. , Jang J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The 14th experimental campaign from the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device has passed since the first experimental campaign was carried out in 2008. The basic diagnostic systems such as magnetic diagnostics, interferometer, inspection illuminator, visible spectrometer, ECE radiometer have been used for the first plasma experiment in KSTAR. Currently more than 50 diagnostic systems have been continuously installed including improved basic diagnostics and advanced imaging diagnostics in KSTAR. A recent progress and future plan of diagnostics for KSTAR are briefly discussed.
A miniaturized radiation monitor for continuous dosimetry and particle identification in space
Authors: Gohl St. , Malich M. , Bergmann B. , Burian P. , Granja C. , Heijne E. , Holik M. , Jacubek J. , Janecek J. , Marek L. , Oancea C. , Petro M. , Pospisil S. , Smetana A. , Soukup P. , Turecek D. , Vuolo M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A Miniaturized Radiation Monitor (MIRAM) has been developed for the continuous measurement of the radiation field composition and ionizing dose rates in near earth orbits. Compared to currently used radiation monitors, the presented device has an order of magnitude lower weight while being comparable in power consumption and functionality. MIRAM is capable of on-board real-time self-diagnostic. Furthermore, it supports on-board analysis of the measured data to be able to work autonomously. The dose rate is calculated continuously based on the energy deposition in the Timepix3 detector. For the estimation of the particle species composition of the radiation environment, two methods are applied depending on the current flux. At lower fluxes (<104 particles per cm2 per s), a track-by-track analysis based on temporal coincidence is applied. At higher fluxes, a less power and memory consuming method is utilized. This method is using the averaged deposited energy per pixel to estimate the electron and proton content of the radiation field.
Spatial patterns and drivers of smallholder oil palm expansion within peat swamp forests of Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lee Janice Ser Huay , Elmore Andrew J , Fatimah Yuti Ariani , Numata Izaya , Zhang Xin , Cochrane Mark A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Protecting the tropical peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia is critical for addressing global sustainability challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. However, more than half of these forests have been lost since 1990 due to the rapid expansion of drainage-based agriculture and forestry. Within the oil palm sector, the number of regional smallholder oil palm plantings on peat soils has risen quickly. These activities are challenging to govern and manage, due to their fragmented nature and the numerous farmers involved. It is imperative to understand the spatial distribution and drivers of the smallholder oil palm-related conversion of peat swamp forests. In contrast to existing studies based on farm surveys, we used state-of-art maps of smallholder oil palm plantings, derived from 2019 remote sensing data. Spatial data about socioeconomic and biophysical factors (e.g. mills, roads, water ways, and concessions) was then used to develop logistic regression models to investigate the relative influence of these factors. We show that the spatial patterns of smallholder oil palm plantings are distinct from those of industrial oil palm plantations, revealing the critical roles of roads, especially service roads, residential roads and tracks, in driving smallholder oil palm expansion within peatlands. We found that 90% of smallholder oil palm areas were located within 2 km of roads and 25 km of mills. The mean likelihood of a given land area being converted from peat swamp forests to smallholder oil palm declined rapidly with increasing distance from roads and mills. In addition to roads and mills, land use zones (e.g. the setting of concessions and migration settlements) and other environmental factors (e.g. precipitation and elevation) were identified as important drivers of smallholder oil palm expansion on peatland. Based on these findings, we identify priority regions for the protection of the remaining peat swamp forests in Indonesia and discuss strategies for tackling these sustainability challenges on local and global scales.
Aliphatic and aromatic amine based nitrogen-doped carbon dots: a comparative photophysical study
Authors: Mishra Leepsa , Behera Ranjan Kumar , Panigrahi Aradhana , Bera Kallol , Sarangi Manas Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The quantum confinement effect in nanoscale material is critical not just in the viewpoint of dimensions but also influences their photophysics such as optical, excitonic, and electrical properties compared to their bulk counterpart. This effect makes the semiconducting quantum dots fluorescent with size and band tunability, which is an asset for their applications in sensors, LEDs, solar cells, etc. The current study highlights the synthesis and photo-induced properties of N-doped carbon dots (CDs) from two precursors, one with ethylenediamine (ECDs) and the other with 2-phenethylamine (PCDs). With the use of both microscopic and spectroscopic approaches, we observe distinct changes in the dimensionality and optical properties of the phenylethylamine-induced CD compared to ethylenediamine-based CDs. The aftermath of doping with Zeta potential measurement indicates positively and negatively charged surfaces for ECDs and PCDs respectively. Through different time-resolved PL lifetime and anisotropy measurements, we report that the incorporation of the phenyl ring in PCDs significantly reduces their water solubility, rotational diffusivity, and PL quantum yield compared to that of the ECDs.
OP14 Interpreting genome-wide association studies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease through the lens of single-cell sequencing
Authors: Krzak M , Taylor L , Alegbe T , Ghouraba M , Strickland M , Przybilla M , Noell G , Iyer V , Cheam A X , Matte J , Parkes M , McIntyre R , Raine T , Anderson C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease characterised by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 241 risk loci significantly associated with the two common forms of IBD, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The vast majority of these risk loci reside in non-coding regions of the genome, and we only know which gene is dysregulated to increase risk of disease for a minority. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to draw insights into disease pathology and identify new candidate drug targets.

Methods
To improve biological insights from IBD GWAS, we generated single cell RNA-sequencing data from ileal biopsies ascertained from 25 CD patients with active ileal inflammation and 26 non-IBD controls. We identified 49 different cell types among the ~140K sequenced cells (Fig.1), including all major immune, enterocyte, secretory and mesenchymal populations. Our optimized single-cell dissociation protocol preserves the top of villus epithelial cells, which are inherently prone to anoikis, enabling generation of high-quality transcriptomes for the first time.

Fig. 1
Single-cell atlas of terminal ileum biopsies from Crohn’s disease and non-IBD individuals.

Results
We identified 797 unique genes differentially expressed between CD patients and controls, with notable expression differences in stem cell, secretory, and enterocyte populations. Genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon-gamma signaling were enriched among those most frequently dysregulated cell types. In an attempt to identify which of these expression differences are likely causal of disease, rather than simply a consequence of it, we integrated results from the latest IBD GWAS to assess the extent to which genes captured disease heritability, and in which cell-types. Genes specifically expressed in Tregs, monocytes and IL10RA-negative monocyte-derived macrophages captured a significant fraction of disease heritability, strongly implicating these cell types in disease pathogenesis. We investigated which genes were driving these enrichment signals and identified candidate effector genes at many IBD risk loci. Reassuringly, many confirmed IBD effector genes known to have a role in the normal functioning of these cell types were found, including NOD2, IL18RAP, IL23R, NCF4, and IL2RA.

Conclusion
Single-cell analysis combined with IBD genetics has generated strong evidence for a causal role of novel disease mechanisms that have therapeutic potential. Further experiments are underway to validate this finding. At ECCO we will present an updated version of this analysis, including genetic mapping of gene-regulation across cell types to identify IBD effector genes and causal variants.
OP19 Classifying perianal fistulising Crohn’s Disease: An expert-consensus to guide decision-making in daily practice and clinical trials
Authors: Geldof J , Iqbal N , LeBlanc J F , Sawyer R , Buskens C , Bemelman W , Gecse K , Lundby L , Lightner A L , Danese S , Spinelli A , Carvello M , Faiz O , Warusavitarne J , Lung P , De Looze D , D’Hoore A , Vermeire S , Hart A , Tozer P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease (CD) is an aggressive disease phenotype that can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Current biological understanding of perianal fistulising CD remains inadequate and previous classification systems have not provided clear guidance on therapy in clinical practice nor on defining patient cohorts within clinical trials. To counter this unmet need, we propose a new classification system for perianal fistulising CD.

Methods
The proposed classification system was developed through a modified nominal group technique expert consensus process involving open discussion and formal voting on previously defined statements. Consensus agreement was defined a priori as 80% voting “strongly agree” or “agree with minor reservation”. Participants included gastroenterologists, radiologists, surgeons active in a tertiary IBD centre and a patient representative.

Results
The classification identifies four groups of patients with perianal fistulising CD. Key elements include stratification according to disease severity as well as disease outcome; synchronisation of patient and clinician goals in decision making, with a proactive, combined medical and surgical approach, on a ‘treat to patient goal’ basis; and identification of indications for curative fistula treatment, diverting ostomy and proctectomy. The new classification retains an element of flexibility, in which patients can cycle through different classes over time. Furthermore, with each specific class comes a paired treatment strategy suggestion and description of clinical trial suitability.

Conclusion
The proposed classification system is the first of its kind and is an important step towards tailored standardisation of clinical practice and research in patients with perianal fistulising CD.
OP25 Patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s Disease with and without prior biologic failure demonstrate improved endoscopic outcomes with risankizumab: Results from phase 3 induction and maintenance trials
Authors: Ferrante M , Cao Q , Fujii T , Rausch A , Neimark E , Song A , Wallace K , Kligys K , Zhou Q , Kalabic J , Feagan B G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Risankizumab (RZB), a selective interleukin-23 inhibitor, demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in endoscopic outcomes in patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) during two phase 3 induction trials (ADVANCE and MOTIVATE) and the maintenance study (FORTIFY). Here, we compared the efficacy of RZB in inducing and maintaining improvements in endoscopic outcomes in patients with CD who demonstrated intolerance and/or inadequate response (IR) to biologic therapies (with prior bio-failure) versus those who demonstrated IR to conventional therapies only (without prior bio-failure).

Methods
Data included in this subgroup analysis included pooled data from patients randomized to receive intravenous (IV) RZB 600mg (N=527) or placebo (PBO) IV (N=362) every 4 weeks (wks) for 12wks during induction (ADVANCE+MOTIVATE), and data from patients receiving subcutaneous (SC) RZB 360mg (N=141) or withdrawn from RZB IV to receive PBO SC (withdrawal [PBO SC], N=164) every 8wks for 52-wks during maintenance. At Wks 12 and 52, endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, ulcer-free endoscopy (absence of ulceration), and deep remission (Wk52 only) were evaluated both in the overall population and in subpopulations of patients with and without prior bio-failure. (Endpoints are defined in Table footnotes). Safety was assessed throughout the studies.

Results
Approximately three-quarters of randomized patients included in this subgroup analysis had prior bio-failure (ADVANCE+MOTIVATE: 75.4%; FORTIFY: 73.8%). Higher rates of endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, and ulcer-free endoscopy were observed at Wk12 among patients receiving induction with RZB IV versus PBO IV. Subgroup analysis demonstrated treatment effects with risankizumab in patient subpopulations with and without prior bio-failure, with greater adjusted differences versus PBO in patients without prior bio-failure (Figure). At Wk52, endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, ulcer-free endoscopy, and deep remission rates favored RZB SC compared to withdrawal (PBO SC). Again, treatment effects were observed in patients with and without prior bio-failure, with greater adjusted differences versus withdrawal (PBO SC) in patients without prior bio-failure. RZB maintenance treatment was well-tolerated and no new safety signals were observed. The safety profile of RZB has been reported previously.1,2

Conclusion
Induction and maintenance therapy with risankizumab achieved higher rates for endoscopic endpoints in patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease versus placebo, regardless of prior bio-failure status. However, numerically higher efficacy rates were observed in patients without prior bio-failure.
1 D’Haens, G. et al. in DDW 2021 2 Ferrante, M. et al. in UEGW 2021
OP30 Upadacitinib modulates inflammatory pathways in gut tissue in patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Transcriptomic profiling from the Phase 2b study, U-ACHIEVE
Authors: Verstockt B , Blink Polakow S , Mahi N , Lee J , Wang J , Guay H , Salas A , Panés J , Ungaro R C , Vermeire S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Upadacitinib (UPA), an oral, reversible, Janus kinase (JAK)-1 selective inhibitor can induce clinical and endoscopic remission after 8 weeks in patients (pts) with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis (UC). To provide mechanistic insights into downstream effects of UPA in the intestinal mucosa, we evaluated pharmacodynamic modulation of gene expression in colon biopsies from pts with UC in the Phase 2b study, U-ACHIEVE (NCT02819635). These analyses aimed to link molecular changes to clinical endpoints.

Methods
Transcriptomic data were collected from rectosigmoid biopsies at baseline (BL) and Week (Wk) 8 in a subset of pts in sub-study 1 of U-ACHIEVE (N=88: placebo [PBO], n=15; pooled UPA 15, 30 & 45 mg, n=73). Samples underwent bulk RNA sequencing and differentially expressed genes (DEG) (false discovery rate [FDR]&lt;0.05 & |log fold change [FC]|&gt;1) from BL to Wk 8 were identified with linear mixed-effect models. DEG were analysed with KEGG and GO pathway enrichment and clinical endpoint responder analysis. Cellular profiling with gut cell deconvolution based on defined cell types was undertaken.1

Results
At Wk 8, expression of 695 gut genes was modulated (FDR&lt;0.05 & |logFC|&gt;1) from BL after UPA treatment compared with no DEG in PBO pts (including responders). Of these genes, ~70% (n=492) were downregulated and enriched in inflammatory pathways including T- and B-cell effector responses, neutrophil-mediated immunity, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Also, irrespective of directionality, most DEG from BL to Wk 8 in UPA-treated pts were associated with clinical response and remission, and histologic and endoscopic improvement. At Wk 8, deconvoluted cell fractions associated with adaptive but also innate inflammatory cells in the gut of UPA responders were decreased compared with non-responders; in contrast, fractions associated with enterocyte, secretory goblet cell and myofibroblast cells were increased in responder gut tissue (Fig 1). Modulation of genes associated with UC disease activity (OSM & S100A8/9 [calprotectin]), Th1 (TBX21, IFNG), Th2 (GATA3, IL5RA, IL13RA2), Th9 (SPI1), Th17 (IL17A, IL23A, IL21R), B-cell responses (BTK, CD40), barrier function (ESPN, VIL1, CLDN23, OCLN, MUC1/2/12/16/20) and wound repair (ANXA1/6/13, MMP7/9) were associated with clinical improvement at Wk 8 (Fig 2).

Conclusion
JAK inhibition with UPA is associated with transcriptional changes in colonic mucosa that are seen with UC disease pathophysiology. Clinical benefit mediated by UPA is associated with modulation of molecular biomarkers of UC disease activity, T-helper-cell differentiation, B-cell-mediated responses, gut barrier function and wound healing.

Reference
1. Menden K, et al. Sci Adv 2020;6:eaba2619
OP35 Natural history of anal ulcerations in pediatric-onset Crohn’s Disease: A population-based study
Authors: Mortreux P , Leroyer A , Dupont C , Ley D , Bertrand V , Spyckerelle C , Guillon N , Desreumaux P , Gower-Rousseau C , Savoye G , Fumery M , Turck D , Siproudhis L , Sarter H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Anal ulcerations are frequently observed in Crohn’s disease (CD). Their natural history remains poorly known, especially in pediatric-onset CD. The aims of this study were: to determine in a population-based study the risk of anal ulcerations in pediatric onset CD; to identify risk factors for anal ulcerations; to evaluate the risk of progression towards suppurative lesions; to evaluate the risk factors of progression towards suppurative lesions.

Methods
All patients with a diagnosis of CD before the age of 17 years between 1988 and 2011 within the population-based registry EPIMAD were followed retrospectively until 2013. A specific collection of additional data was performed in patients with anal ulcerations at diagnosis or during follow-up. The variables collected included: proctological examination, diagnostic management (perineal MRI, endoscopic ultrasound, examination under general anaesthesia) and treatment (medical or surgical). Multivariate Cox models were used to identify factors associated with anal ulcerations and factors of progression towards suppurative lesions. An adjusted time-dependent Cox model was used to evaluate the risk of progression of anal ulcerations towards suppurative lesions.

Results
1005 patients were included (females, 450 (44.8%); median age at diagnosis 14.4 years (IQR, 12.0–16.1)). 257 (25.6%) had anal ulceration at diagnosis. Cumulative incidence of anal ulceration at 5 and 10 years from diagnosis was 38.4% (CI95%, 35.2–41.4) and 44.0% (CI95%, 40.5–47.2).

The presence of extra-intestinal manifestations (HR 1.46, CI95% 1.19–1.80, p=0.0003) and upper digestive location (HR 1.51, CI95% 1.23–1.86, p&lt;0.0001) at diagnosis were associated with the occurrence of anal ulceration. Conversely, ileal location at diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of anal ulceration (L2 vs L1 HR 1.51, CI95% 1.11–2.06, p=0.0087; L3 vs L1 HR 1.42, CI95% 1.08–1.85, p=0.0116). Among the 352 patients with at least one episode of anal ulceration, 82 (23.3%) developed perianal suppuration after a median follow-up of 5.7 years (IQR, 2.8–10.6). The risk of perianal suppuration was doubled in patients with anal ulceration compared to those who did not have any ulceration (HR 2.0, CI95% 1.45–2.74, p&lt;0.0001).

In patients with anal ulceration, the diagnostic period (before or since the “biologic era”), exposure to immunosuppressants and/or anti-TNF did not influence the risk of perianal suppuration.

Conclusion
Anal ulceration is frequent in pediatric-onset CD, with nearly half of patients presenting with at least one episode after 10 years of evolution. Perianal suppurations are twice as frequent in patients with present or past anal ulceration. These results plead for a proactive therapeutic approach in case of anal ulcerations.
DOP02 Increasing incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a high prevalence country: A nationwide study in Finland
Authors: Kontola K , Oksanen P , Huhtala H , Jussila A T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in health care is high and the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD in Finland are among the highest in the world. Our aim was to assess the actual incidence and the trends of IBD in Finland during 2000–2020 using nationwide registry-based data. We also estimated the nationwide prevalence of IBD in 2000 and 2020.

Methods
This study included patients to whom IBD reimbursement was newly attributed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. Data were retrieved from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Incidence and prevalence rates were calculated by dividing the number of annual new IBD cases by the size of the population at risk during each calendar year.

Results
A total of 42,498 new IBD cases were identified during years 2000–2020; 31,372 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 11,126 with Crohn’s disease (CD).The crude annual incidence per 100,000 increases in CD from 7.5 to 13.4 (IRR 1.02, CI 1.019 - 1.025) and in UC from 20.4 to 34.7 (IRR 1.03, CI 1.023 - 1.027) (Fig. 1). The crude prevalence of IBD increases from 376 to 972 per 100,000 (PRR 1.05, CI 1.046–1.047).Men have significantly higher incidence than women in UC (IRR 1.26, CI 1.228–1.284). In contrast, there is no difference between genders among CD patients (IRR 0.98, CI 0.95–1.02). In UC, the peak incidence occurs in the age group 25–29 (Fig. 2), whereas in CD, the incidence is highest in slightly younger patients (Fig. 3).
Figure 1. Incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn`s disease in Finland during 2000–2020

Figure 2. Annual incidence of UC by age groups during 2000–2020

Figure 3. Annual incidence of CD by age groups during 2000–2020

Conclusion
During the first two decades of the 21st century, the incidence of UC and CD continues to increase in Finland, and almost one percent of the population has IBD.