bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Impact of pandemics on rural emergency departments: A scoping review
Authors: Barnes Amber , Crilly Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPandemics can cause much distress to communities and present a major burden to the resources and functioning of hospitals. This scoping review aimed to identify, evaluate and summarise current literature regarding how pandemics impact rural EDs in terms of staff wellbeing, structure, function and resources. A systematic search of six databases using search terms including pandemic, ED and rural and remote was undertaken. Articles were included if they were peer‐reviewed, written in English, original research, published between January 2010 and October 2021 and discussed the impact of pandemics on rural EDs. Articles were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Three articles, one from Canada and two from the United States, met the inclusion criteria. The articles included were quantitative in design and fulfilled most of the MMAT critical analysis criteria. Pandemics reported on included H1N1 and COVID‐19. These pandemics impacted rural EDs in terms of functioning and resourcing; no description of staff wellbeing or structure was identified. Rural ED functioning was affected in terms of input; with an increase in patient presentations and time to physician assessment during H1N1, but a decrease in patient presentations and transfers during COVID‐19. Rural ED resources were impacted in regard to staffing, difficulty in obtaining stocks of personal protective equipment and medication, and community response. Further research to understand and address the short‐ and long‐term impacts pandemics may have on rural EDs is required.
Patterns of health service use before and after a statewide fall prevention initiative for older adults at risk of falls
Authors: Paul Serene S. , Taylor Jennifer , Tiedemann Anne , Harvey Lara , Clemson Lindy , Lord Stephen R. , Dolja‐Gore Xenia , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand health‐care burden from fall‐related injury, we investigated patterns of health service use in participants of the Australian statewide Stepping On fall prevention program.MethodsRoutinely collected ambulance, emergency, hospital and mortality data for 9163 participants across NSW Local Health Districts between 2009 and 2015 were analysed for patterns in fall‐related health service use three years before and after the Stepping On program using negative binomial regression analyses.ResultsOverall fall‐related health service use increased over the 6‐year study period. There was a high period of usage prior to program participation, which decreased postprogram, then appeared to increase again after 12–15 months. Subgroup analysis showed strongest postprogram reductions for women.ConclusionsPatterns of service usage suggest initial program benefits that taper off over time. The results of this observational study need to be interpreted with caution. Investment in ongoing fall prevention programs may be needed for lasting impacts.
Detection of cardiac amyloidosis on electrocardiogram images using machine learning and deep learning techniques
Authors: Gnanadurai Gladys Jebakumari , Raaza Arun , Velayutham Rajendran , Palani Sathish Kumar , Bramwell Ebenezer Abishek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis is an uncommon disease that has been known for a long time. Moreover, modern advancement in noninvasive imaging of heart via ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging has enhanced the detection of secret cardiac amyloidosis in patients identified with the heart disease. This article focused on detecting the heart disease especially cardiac amyloidosis on electro cardio gram images using recent technology of both machine learning and deep learning approaches. In addition, apart from detecting the disease on images, we are categorizing the heart images as normal and cardiac amyloidosis if any deviations occur. For CA disease identification along with its classification, 300 cardiac images have taken and those images are analyzed using machine learning algorithms namely nearest centroid, gradient boosting and random forest. Several metrics such as precision, recall, f‐score, sensitivity, accuracy, and confusion matrix based on binary classification which classifies the images into positive (CA) and negative (non‐CA) are estimated. Among these approaches, gradient boosting method achieves 95% accuracy as better outcomes which measure the model performance in detecting cardiac amyloidosis disease as well as ECG images are categorized into either normal or abnormal via classification metrics. Furthermore, we applied deep learning based neural network “DeepNet” model is applied on augmented data along with CNN which attains 93% accuracy in CA disease identification.
Fichte's conception of the body: The intertwining of sociality and embodiment
Authors: Abazari Arash 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the relation between embodiment and intersubjectivity is often remarked upon in the literature on Fichte, it is not sufficiently acknowledged that for Fichte the two are strongly interdependent. In this paper, by elaborating on his account of the fine structure of the embodied agency, I argue that for Fichte one's relation to one's own body is socially constituted. Further, I show that the usual stricture in the literature, according to which Fichte does not allow for bodily passivity, is misleading. Indeed, as I argue, Fichte's account of embodied agency is sufficiently nuanced as to be able to explain “passive bodily expressions,” that is, those bodily expressions that are not under direct control of the agent. And related to that, contrary to the commonly held view, Fichte does offer a satisfactory account of the more sentient bodily phenomena, such as pain, hunger, and fatigue, which happen to the agent without her being capable of controlling their happening. Indeed, as I will show, for Fichte, these latter phenomena, rather than being simply restrictive of agency, may positively contribute to the exercise of agency.
3D brain image‐based Alzheimer's disease detection techniques using fish swarm optimizer's deep convolution Siamese neural network
Authors: Sampath Rajaram , Baskar Manickam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic syndrome that impacts the brain, is the most prevalent form of dementia. Dementia is a brain disease that severely affects an individual's ability to perform daily activities. It starts slowly affects the brain and creates a loss of memory, language, problem‐solving and other thinking abilities. Hence, early detection is essential to avoid the severity of this illness. Neuroimaging techniques are widely recommended diagnosing approaches by medicos for early AD detection. However, detecting AD using imaging is a challenging and time‐consuming task for human expertise. Many machine learning techniques already exist in automatic AD stages detection, but these techniques are failed to handle main issues in AD detection systems such, as preserving and identifying precise biomarker regions certainty handling and; in this research, a new convolution‐based AD stages detection framework is introduced to resolve the earlier detection system's challenges and issues. The first two convolution layers contain resizing, adaptive filtering, and adaptive histogram equalization techniques to enhance the image quality, preserving biomarker features. The third layer contains the Voxel‐based Morphometry (VBM) technique to segment the exact biomarker regions of AD stages from brain MRI images. The segmented biomarker feature is extracted and selected in the fourth and fifth layers to identify exact significant biomarker features to reduce the overfitting problem during the model training. Finally, the new food source direction investigation feature of the fish swarm optimizer (FSO) is incorporated in the deep Siamese neural network (DSNN) classification phase, which reduces the uncertainty issue during model training. The efficiency is evaluated using ADNI, AIBL, and OASIS database MRI images with various accuracy metrics. The evolution results show that the new framework is obtained a higher accuracy rate of 99.89% in AD stages detection than the comparison classifiers.
Impact evaluation of the family expectations program and moderation by sociodemographic disadvantage
Authors: Ritchie Lane L. , Stanley Scott M. , Allen Maggie O.T. , Rhoades Galena K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe federal government, through the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), has funded community‐based relationship education programs for couples, individuals, and families, with a strong focus on serving economically disadvantaged and racially diverse families. This study evaluated the impact of a 36‐hour, workshop‐based couple relationship education program that was funded by ACF using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analyses. Participants were 1320 couples who were either expecting a baby or had a baby within the past 3 months, at the time of enrollment. Follow‐up surveys were administered 12 months later. Analyses evaluated program impacts on relationship stability, constructive communication, and destructive conflict compared to a no‐treatment control group. Analyses showed a statistically significant impact of the program on destructive conflict (d = 0.10) but not on constructive communication (d = 0.06) or stability (dCox = 0.10). Based on findings from previous evaluations, we also examined whether participants’ levels of sociodemographic disadvantage moderated these effects. There was significant moderation by sociodemographic disadvantage on constructive communication and destructive conflict, but not on stability. Effects were observed for those at higher levels of sociodemographic disadvantage.
Weak but consistent abundance–occupancy relationships across taxa, space and time
Authors: Ten Caten Cleber , Holian Lauren , Dallas Tad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAbundance–occupancy relationships posit that more locally abundant species occupy more sites than less abundant species. Although widely supported, the occurrence and detection of abundance–occupancy relationships is sensitive to sampling and detection processes. Data from large‐scale standardized sampling efforts are key to address abundance–occupancy relationships. We aimed to use such a dataset to evaluate the occurrence of abundance–occupancy relationships across different spatial grains and over time for aquatic and terrestrial taxa.LocationUSA.Time period2014–2019.Major taxa studiedBirds, mammals, beetles, ticks, fishes, macroinvertebrates and zooplankton.MethodsSpecies abundance and occupancy data were obtained from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). Species mean abundance and occupancy (fraction of sampled locations that were occupied) were estimated for three different spatial grains (i.e., plot, site and domain) for all years sampled. Linear models were used to explore the consistency of interspecific abundance–occupancy relationships. The slope coefficients of these models were related to temporal and spatial variables and to species richness while controlling for taxa in a linear mixed‐effects model (LMM) framework.ResultsWe found evidence for positive abundance–occupancy relationships across the three spatial grains and over time for all taxa we studied. However, our linear models had low explanatory power, suggesting that relationships, although general, were weak. Abundance–occupancy relationships were slightly stronger at the smallest spatial grain than at the largest spatial grain, but showed no detectable change over time for any taxa. Finally, species richness was not associated with the strength of these relationships.Main conclusionsTogether, our results suggest that positive interspecific abundance–occupancy relationships are fairly general but are not capable of explaining substantial variation in spatial patterns of abundance, and that other factors, such as species traits and niche, are also likely to influence these relationships.
FOSSILIZATION, OR THE MATTER OF HISTORICAL FUTURES*
Authors:   THE LIFETIMES RESEARCH COLLECTIVE
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn this contribution to the “Historical Futures” project, the Lifetimes Research Collective adds to the geological turn currently underway in historiography by presenting a theory of fossils and fossilizations as a way of rethinking the concept of “historical futures.” We proceed by addressing two pivotal speech acts in Western historiography, in the broad sense: the “fossil question,” which was first raised in the middle of the seventeenth century, about how a solid can end up inside another solid and the nineteenth‐century Marxist slogan for the modern world, “all that is solid melts into air.” Transported into the early twenty‐first century and faced with the challenges of the Anthropocene, both take on new meanings and perform new tasks. In this article, we experiment with different ways of thinking and writing fossils into more general questions of historiography and historical theory by investigating how they affect conceptualizations of historical time. Furthermore, we demonstrate how fossilizations indicate possible trajectories for new materialist speculations, distributing agency to various matters, physical and virtual, in the Earth's crust as well as in museums and video games. Finally, we ask how a theory of fossilization can be seen to decenter the human subject by exploring the processes of decomposition and solidification taking place in the human body. In this way, the arrangements of timescales and lifescales that have given rise to disciplines like history, geology, and biology are destabilized in favor of open‐ended historical knowledge ventures that transgress temporal and epistemological borders.
Healthy lifestyles and physical fitness are associated with abdominal obesity amongLatin‐Americanand Spanish preschool children: A cross‐cultural study
Authors: Latorre‐Román Pedro Ángel , Guzmán‐Guzmán Iris Paola , Antonio Párraga‐Montilla Juan , Caamaño‐Navarrete Felipe , Salas‐Sánchez Jesús , Palomino‐Devia Constanza , Reyes‐Oyola Felipe Augusto , Álvarez Cristian , de la Casa‐Pérez Ana , Cardona Linares Antonio J. , Delgado‐Floody Pedro 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundIdentifying environmental factors that influence health in children are necessary to develop preventive strategies.ObjectiveTo determine the association between the lifestyles of children (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA), fitness and screen time (ST) with abdominal obesity (AO) of preschoolers from three Spanish‐speaking countries (Chile, Colombia and Spain) with different socioeconomic levels and Human Development Index (HDI) indicators.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 982 schoolchildren (aged 4–6 years; 56.8% girls) from Chile (n = 409), Colombia (n = 281), and Spain (n = 292). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WtHR), adherence to the MD, PA, ST and physical fitness were evaluated.ResultsSpanish preschoolers reported a lower WtHR (p < 0.001), greater physical fitness (Z‐score) (p < 0.001) and higher adherence to the MD (p < 0.001) than their Chilean and Colombian peers. In addition, Colombian preschoolers had a better lifestyle (PA + ST) than their Chilean and Spanish peers (p < 0.001). Chilean preschoolers reported a higher prevalence of AO than the Spanish preschoolers (65% vs. 51.9%;p = 0.001).ConclusionLifestyle had a significant association with AO among Spanish‐speaking preschool children, with physical fitness especially being a relevant factor regardless of the country of origin. The findings of the current study may support the development of public guidelines focusing on healthy lifestyles in children to create effective plans that contribute to the early treatment of AO in preschool children.
Are the needs of racialized lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer newcomers in Newfoundland and Labrador being met? Preliminary findings from a focus group discussion with Canadian stakeholders
Authors: Giwa Sulaimon , Alessi Edward J. , Mullings Delores V. , Carlson‐Strain Miranda 
Published: March 2022

This qualitative case study explored whether the settlement and integration needs of racialized lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) newcomers were being met. A total of eight stakeholders, representing either a settlement organization or an LGBTQ‐serving organization in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, participated in an invitation‐only focus group discussion. Informed by intersectionality theory and using thematic analysis of memos and triangulated arts‐informed visual recording, two overarching themes were identified: (i) challenges encountered in providing settlement and integration services; and (ii) solutions generated to improve their delivery. Preliminary findings suggested that the settlement needs of racialized LGBTQ newcomers were not being met; services were found to be sorely lacking; and settlement and LGBTQ providers lacked training, substantial knowledge, and resources to implement needed supports and services. However, stakeholders also envisioned the possibility of improved services for this population, such as adoption of an LGBTQ‐affirmative practice. Implications and recommendations for settlement practices, programs, and future research are discussed.Key Practitioner Message: • Settlement and LGBTQ service provider organizations must address current system inequities and commit to providing settlement and integration services to racialized LGBTQ newcomers in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; • Interprofessional collaboration between settlement and LGBTQ service provider organizations can support the implementation of, and improve access to, culturally appropriate settlement services and programs for racialized LGBTQ newcomers; • Using data‐driven methodologies, racialized LGBTQ newcomers should be consulted on their settlement and integration needs, to align these needs with service delivery.
‘The newcomer effect’: Gender quotas, state reforms and service responsiveness in local councils
Authors: Dauti Marsela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe global spread of gender quotas has led to a burgeoning literature examining gender differences in the responsiveness of national representatives. In this study, I shifted the attention from national to local representatives, and investigated service responsiveness in the local councils of Albania following the implementation of gender quotas in 2015, a policy change that has led to a substantial number of women newcomers in local councils. Using data from the transcripts of 75 council meetings held during August–December 2016 and 2018 in 11 councils, I show that over time women have shifted their attention from education to social welfare, a change occurring amid the implementation of a new government programme seeking to address the failure of social welfare reform in the country. The study advances our understanding of women's political representation and service responsiveness in an understudied region, demonstrating that women prioritise services that benefit the poor and disadvantaged groups.
Toward supply side incentive: The impact of government schemes on a vehicle manufacturer's adoption of electric vehicles
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Zhao Xuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBesides the consumer subsidy scheme, governments have recently implemented a hybrid scheme with an additional dual‐credit scheme on the supply side. It is important to understand the impact of this new practice on a vehicle manufacturer (VM) that provides gasoline vehicles (GVs) and/or electric vehicles (EVs), and the consumer and social welfare. Implementing the dual‐credit scheme leads to higher prices of GVs and EVs, but the effective price of EVs is actually lower. As the cost difference decreases and consumers’ low‐carbon awareness (LCA) increases, the VM prefers the product choice strategy including EVs under the pure subsidy scheme. Surprisingly, the hybrid scheme makes selling EVs feasible even though the cost difference is high and LCA is low. Although the additional dual‐credit scheme can improve the adoption of EVs, its parameter values should be carefully designed because otherwise it will damage the VM's profit and the consumer and social welfare.
Improved adhesion of TiN coatings on Al2O3–carbide composites by DFT calculations and experimental arc‐PVD synthesis
Authors: Nishi Tomohiro , Moteki Jun , Kurahashi Toshiaki , Hishida Tomoko , Matsunaga Katsuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectronic and atomic structures of interfaces between TiN coatings and Al2O3–WC composites were investigated by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As typical examples, interfacial orientation relationships of TiN(001)/Al2O3(0001), TiN(001)/WC(0001), TiN(111)/Al2O3(0001), and TiN(111)/WC(0001) were chosen. It was found that the TiN(111)/Al2O3(0001) and TiN(111)/WC(0001) interfaces have interfacial structural units of six‐fold coordinated triangular prisms centered on Ti atoms. In contrast, those of the interfaces with TiN(001) tend to have more distorted structure units due to their larger lattice misfits. Theoretical works of separation showed that interfacial strength is much more increased at the TiN(111) interfaces, as compared to those at the TiN(001) interfaces. Accordingly, experimental controls of TiN‐coating orientations on Al2O3–WC composites were attempted by using the cathodic arc ion plating method. It was found that orientations of (111) in the TiN coatings can be more enhanced and then interfacial mechanical strengths and hardnesses of the TiN coatings can increase more with rising bias voltages.
Active indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis by the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense cultured under a biogas atmosphere enables its beneficial association with microalgae
Authors: Barbosa-Nuñez Jorge A. , Palacios Oskar A. , de-Bashan Luz E. , Snell-Castro Raúl , Corona-González Rosa Isela , Choix Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed, at the physiological and molecular levels, the effect of biogas on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis by Azospirillum brasilense as well as the impact of this bacterium during CO2 fixation from biogas by Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus.

Methods and Results
IpdC gene expression, IAA production and the growth of A. brasilense cultured under air (control) and biogas (treatment) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that A. brasilense had a better growth capacity and IAA production (105.7 ± 10.3 μg ml−1) when cultured under biogas composed of 25% CO2 + 75% methane (CH4) with respect to the control (72.4 ± 7.9 μg ml−1), although the ipdC gene expression level was low under the stressful condition generated by biogas. Moreover, this bacterium was able to induce a higher cell density and CO2 fixation rate from biogas by C. vulgaris (0.27 ± 0.08 g l−1 d−1) and S. obliquus (0.22 ± 0.08 g l−1 d−1).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that A. brasilense has the capacity to grow and actively maintain its main microalgal growth-promoting mechanism when cultured under biogas and positively influence CO2 fixation from the biogas of C. vulgaris and S. obliquus.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These findings broaden research in the field of Azospirillum-microalga interactions and the prevalence of Azospirillum in environmental and ecological topics in addition to supporting the uses of plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance biotechnological strategies for biogas upgrading.