bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural and mechanical characterization of HSLA X70 Welded joints using eddy current testing (ECT)
Authors: Bensaid N. , Benlamnouar M. F. , Badji R. , Saadi T. , Zidani M. , Gousmine M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes an approach for measuring the mechanical properties by non-destructive testing techniques using eddy current testing (ECT), for a welded and heat-treated microalloyed material (X70) dedicated to hydrocarbon transport. This study offers a new measurement method based on linear approach, to expect mechanical property in microstructures by using Non-destructive testing (ECT) that can apply to mechanical systems, materials, weldments, etc. The result show that hardness measurements are in broad have the same trend with impedance function which depend of heat treatment variable applied to weld joint.
Smart membrane absorbing electromagnetic waves based on polyvinyl chloride/graphene composites
Authors: Bouriche Sabrina , Makhlouf Mourad , Kadari Mohamed , Bakli Hind , Hamoumi Yacine , Benaicha Bouabdellah , Taibi Aicha , Benmaamar Zoubir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rapid proliferation and intensive use of electronic devices have led to an increase in electronic pollution, such as electronic noise, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and radiofrequency interference (RFI), which cause malfunctions of electronic devices. The emergence of flexible polymer composites has a remarkable potential for electromagnetic shielding depending on their unique characteristics, such as their electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties, which are very useful for suppressing electromagnetic noise. Graphene (G) and its composites can serve as better shielding materials against these interferences due to their lightweight and high corrosion resistance. Researchers are still grappling with the need for flexible and scalable smart composite materials to prevent radioactive pollution from electronic devices. The inclusion of next-generation graphene (G) conductive fillers loaded with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) /graphene is the subject of our current research (G). Due to the absorption-dominated shielding process, the composite has an extraordinarily low percolation threshold and a high shielding efficiency (SE) against electromagnetic interference (EMI).The distribution and dispersion patterns of graphene particles in the matrix phase were validated by SEM electron micrographs. The composite, which contains just 40% graphene by weight, has an EMI SE value of 26 dB in the frequency range of 10 to 15 GHz and is only 2 mm thick.In this case, we believe that promoting a scalable and industrially viable G/PVC composite, which is a novel and strong candidate in the burgeoning field of high-stress electromagnetic shielding applications in the future, is the best option.
Supervised and semi-supervised 3D organ localisation in CT images combining reinforcement learning with imitation learning
Authors: Iyer Sankaran , Blair Alan , Dawes Laughlin , Moses Daniel , White Christopher , Sowmya Arcot 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Computer aided diagnostics often requires analysis of a region of interest (ROI) within a radiology scan, and the ROI may be an organ or a suborgan. Although deep learning algorithms have the ability to outperform other methods, they rely on the availability of a large amount of annotated data. Motivated by the need to address this limitation, an approach to localisation and detection of multiple organs based on supervised and semi-supervised learning is presented here. It draws upon previous work by the authors on localising the thoracic and lumbar spine region in CT images. The method generates six bounding boxes of organs of interest, which are then fused to a single bounding box. The results of experiments on localisation of the Spleen, Left and Right Kidneys in CT Images using supervised and semi supervised learning (SSL) demonstrate the ability to address data limitations with a much smaller data set and fewer annotations, compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The SSL performance was evaluated using three different mixes of labelled and unlabelled data (i.e. 30:70,35:65,40:60) for each of lumbar spine, spleen left and right kidneys respectively. The results indicate that SSL provides a workable alternative especially in medical imaging where it is difficult to obtain annotated data.
Activation effect of soil available nitrogen, manganese and cobalt after addition of different fumigants
Authors: Yan Dongdong , Wang Qing , Song Zhaoxin , Fang Wensheng , Wang Qiuxia , Li Yuan , Cao Aocheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil fumigation is a well-established method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Better quantification of soil available nitrogen and trace elements may provide recommendations on the safe and effective application of soil fumigants. The effects of four fumigants on the available soil nitrogen and trace elements (including Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) were investigated in the laboratory incubation with agricultural soil. The results showed that soil fumigation increased soil mineral nitrogen and available Mn, Co, Ni. A significant increase of soil NH4
+-N and available Mn was observed in all fumigation treatments. Chloropicrin treatments showed the largest increase of soil NH4
+-N. In addition, chloropicrin and dazomet increased Mn and Co to a greater extent than dimethyl disulfide and 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. Available Mn content after chloropicrin fumigation has increased by 2.2 times compared with control treatments, and available Co content in dazomet treatments is also 2.8 times more than untreated control. In fumigated soil, the steady increase of soil available elements is beneficial to nutrient uptake by plants. Soil fumigation created an activation effect on soil mineral nitrogen and available trace elements, which may increase their bioavailability to plants and promote plant growth.
Near-field radiative heat transfer in hyperbolic materials
Authors: Liu Ruiyi , Zhou Chenglong , Zhang Yong , Cui Zheng , Wu Xiaohu , Yi Hongliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the post-Moore era, as the energy consumption of micro-nano electronic devices rapidly increases, near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) with super-Planckian phenomena has gradually shown great potential for applications in efficient and ultrafast thermal modulation and energy conversion. Recently, hyperbolic materials, an important class of anisotropic materials with hyperbolic isofrequency contours, have been intensively investigated. As an exotic optical platform, hyperbolic materials bring tremendous new opportunities for NFRHT from theoretical advances to experimental designs. To date, there have been considerable achievements in NFRHT for hyperbolic materials, which range from the establishment of different unprecedented heat transport phenomena to various potential applications. This review concisely introduces the basic physics of NFRHT for hyperbolic materials, lays out the theoretical methods to address NFRHT for hyperbolic materials, and highlights unique behaviors as realized in different hyperbolic materials and the resulting applications. Finally, key challenges and opportunities of the NFRHT for hyperbolic materials in terms of fundamental physics, experimental validations, and potential applications are outlined and discussed.
National trends in prescription drug expenditures and projections for 2022
Authors: Tichy Eric M , Hoffman James M , Suda Katie J , Rim Matthew H , Tadrous Mina , Cuellar Sandra , Clark John S , Ward Jennifer , Schumock Glen T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2022 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sectors.

Methods
Historical patterns were assessed by examining data on drug purchases from manufacturers using the IQVIA National Sales Perspectives database. Factors that may influence drug spending in hospitals and clinics in 2022 were reviewed—including new drug approvals, patent expirations, and potential new policies or legislation. Focused analyses were conducted for biosimilars, cancer drugs, generics, COVID-19 pandemic influence, and specialty drugs. For nonfederal hospitals, clinics, and overall (all sectors), estimates of growth of pharmaceutical expenditures in 2022 were based on a combination of quantitative analyses and expert opinion.

Results
In 2021, overall pharmaceutical expenditures in the US grew 7.7% compared to 2020, for a total of $576.9 billion. Utilization (a 4.8% increase), price (a 1.9% increase) and new drugs (a 1.1% increase) drove this increase. Adalimumab was the top drug in terms of overall expenditures in 2021, followed by apixaban and dulaglutide. Drug expenditures were $39.6 billion (a 8.4% increase) and $105.0 billion (a 7.7% increase) in nonfederal hospitals and in clinics, respectively. In clinics and hospitals, new products and increased utilization growth drove growth, with decreasing prices for both sectors acting as an expense restraint. Several new drugs that are likely to influence spending are expected to be approved in 2022. Specialty and cancer drugs will continue to drive expenditures along with the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
For 2022, we expect overall prescription drug spending to rise by 4.0% to 6.0%, whereas in clinics and hospitals we anticipate increases of 7.0% to 9.0% and 3.0% to 5.0%, respectively, compared to 2021. These national estimates of future pharmaceutical expenditure growth may not be representative of any particular health system because of the myriad of local factors that influence actual spending.
Design and application of a knowledge network for automatic prioritization of drug mechanisms
Authors: Mayers Michael , Tu Roger , Steinecke Dylan , Li Tong Shu , Queralt-Rosinach Núria , Su Andrew I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Drug repositioning is an attractive alternative to de novo drug discovery due to reduced time and costs to bring drugs to market. Computational repositioning methods, particularly non-black-box methods that can account for and predict a drug’s mechanism, may provide great benefit for directing future development. By tuning both data and algorithm to utilize relationships important to drug mechanisms, a computational repositioning algorithm can be trained to both predict and explain mechanistically novel indications.

Results
In this work, we examined the 123 curated drug mechanism paths found in the drug mechanism database (DrugMechDB) and after identifying the most important relationships, we integrated 18 data sources to produce a heterogeneous knowledge graph, MechRepoNet, capable of capturing the information in these paths. We applied the Rephetio repurposing algorithm to MechRepoNet using only a subset of relationships known to be mechanistic in nature and found adequate predictive ability on an evaluation set with AUROC value of 0.83. The resulting repurposing model allowed us to prioritize paths in our knowledge graph to produce a predicted treatment mechanism. We found that DrugMechDB paths, when present in the network were rated highly among predicted mechanisms. We then demonstrated MechRepoNet’s ability to use mechanistic insight to identify a drug’s mechanistic target, with a mean reciprocal rank of 0.525 on a test set of known drug–target interactions. Finally, we walked through repurposing examples of the anti-cancer drug imatinib for use in the treatment of asthma, and metolazone for use in the treatment of osteoporosis, to demonstrate this method’s utility in providing mechanistic insight into repurposing predictions it provides.

Availability and implementation
The Python code to reproduce the entirety of this analysis is available at: https://github.com/SuLab/MechRepoNet (archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6456335).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SASpector: analysis of missing genomic regions in draft genomes of prokaryotes
Authors: Lood Cédric , Correa Rojo Alejandro , Sinar Deniz , Verkinderen Emma , Lavigne Rob , Noort Vera van 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Summary
Missing regions in short-read assemblies of prokaryote genomes are often attributed to biases in sequencing technologies and to repetitive elements, the former resulting in low sequencing coverage of certain loci and the latter to unresolved loops in the de novo assembly graph. We developed SASpector, a command-line tool that compares short-read assemblies (draft genomes) to their corresponding closed assemblies and extracts missing regions to analyze them at the sequence and functional level. SASpector allows to benchmark the need for resolved genomes, can be integrated into pipelines to control the quality of assemblies, and could be used for comparative investigations of missingness in assemblies for which both short-read and long-read data are available in the public databases.

Availability and implementation
SASpector is available at https://github.com/LoGT-KULeuven/SASpector. The tool is implemented in Python3 and available through pip and Docker (0mician/saspector).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long-Term Treatment with the Combination of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin in Patients with Chronic Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease: Outcomes During the Open Label Extension of the COMPASS trial
Authors: Eikelboom John W , Bosch Jacqueline , Connolly Stuart J , Tyrwitt Jessica , Fox Keith A A , Muehlhofer Eva , Neumann Christoph , Tasto Christoph , Bangdiwala Shrikant I , Diaz Rafael , Alings Marco , Dagenais Gilles R , Leong Darryl P , Lonn Eva M , Avezum Alvaro , Piegas Leopoldo S , Widimsky Petr , Parkhomenko Alexander N , Bhatt Deepak L , Branch Kelley R H , Probstfield Jeffrey L , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Rydén Lars , Pogosova Nana , Keltai Katalin , Keltai Matyas , Ertl Georg , Stoerk Stefan , Dans Antonio L , Lanas Fernando , Liang Yan , Zhu Jun , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Maggioni Aldo P , Commerford Patrick J , Guzik Tomasz J , Vanassche Thomas , Verhamme Peter , O'Donnell Martin , Tonkin Andrew M , Varigos John D , Vinereanu Dragos , Felix Camillo , Kim Jae-Hyung , Ibrahim Khairul S , Lewis Basil S , Metsarinne Kaj P , Aboyans Victor , Steg Phillippe Gabriel , Hori Masatsugu , Kakkar Ajay , Anand Sonia S , Lamy Andre , Sharma Mukul , Yusuf Salim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To describe outcomes of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or peripheral artery disease (PAD) enrolled in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) randomized trial who were treated with the combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg once daily during long-term open-label extension (LTOLE).

Methods and results
Of the 27 395 patients enrolled in COMPASS, 12 964 (mean age at baseline 67.2 years) from 455 sites in 32 countries were enrolled in LTOLE and treated with the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin for a median of 374 additional days (range 1–1191 days). During LTOLE, the incident events per 100 patient years were as follows: for the primary outcome [cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (MI)] 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11–2.61], mortality 1.87 (1.65–2.10), stroke 0.62 (0.50–0.76), and MI 1.02 (0.86–1.19), with CIs that overlapped those seen during the randomized treatment phase with the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin. The incidence rates for major and minor bleeding were 1.01 (0.86–1.19) and 2.49 (2.24–2.75), compared with 1.67 (1.48–1.87) and 5.11 (95% CI 4.77–5.47), respectively, during the randomized treatment phase with the combination.

Conclusion
In patients with chronic CAD and/or PAD, extended combination treatment for a median of 1 year and a maximum of 3 years was associated with incidence rates for efficacy and bleeding that were similar to or lower than those seen during the randomized treatment phase, without any new safety signals.
Prognostic value of left atrial strain in patients with congenital aortic stenosis
Authors: Mutluer Ferit Onur , Bowen Daniel J. , van Grootel Roderick W. J. , Kardys Isabella , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , van den Bosch Annemien E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo explore whether left atrial (LA) strain with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can contribute to prognostication in patients with congenital aortic stenosis (CAS).Methods and resultsIn this prospective study, consecutive outpatients with stable CAS and healthy adults were enrolled between 2011 and 2015. Left atrial function was analysed with STE using Tomtec software. Associations between LA strain (LAS) measurements and primary composite outcome (any adverse cardiovascular event, hospitalization, or re-intervention) and secondary outcome (re-interventions) were assessed with Cox regression analysis. In total, 98 patients with CAS (mean age: 35.0 ± 11.9 year, female: 59.2%) and 121 controls (age: 43.9 ± 13.8 year, female: 55.4%) were included. The majority of patients were in NYHA class I: 97 (99%) at baseline. At baseline, LA conduit strain (LAS-cd) and strain rate (LASR-cd) were significantly lower in patients than in controls when corrected for age and sex (−18.1 ± 8.7 vs. −23.5 ± 9.9%, P = 0.001 and −0.73 ± 0.31 vs. −1.02 ± 0.43/s, P &lt; 0.001). During a median follow-up of 6.4 years (5.7–7.1), the primary composite outcome occurred in 48 (39.6%) patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that decreased LAS-cd (&lt;21%) was associated with a higher occurrence of the primary outcome (log-rank: P = 0.008). Depressed LAS-cd and LASR-cd were both associated with the primary composite outcome [univariable hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64(0.46–0.88), P = 0.005 and HR = 0.68(0.55–0.83), P &lt; 0.001, respectively]; adjusted HR (for LAS-cd and LASR-cd, respectively): 0.31(0.09–1.04), P = 0.06 and 0.49(0.26–0.89), P = 0.02.ConclusionImpairment in LA conduit function assessed with STE carries prognostic value in patients with CAS and can be implemented in clinical management.
Changes in Objectively Measured Physical Activity Are Associated With Perceived Physical and Mental Fatigability in Older Men
Authors: Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Moored Kyle D , Boudreau Robert M , Roe Lauren S , Cawthon Peggy M , Stone Katie L , Cauley Jane A , Glynn Nancy W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Lower physical activity (PA) is associated with greater perceived fatigability, a person-centered outcome. The association between change in PA and fatigability with advanced age has yet to be established.

Methods
Community-dwelling older men (N = 1 113, age = 84.1 ± 3.9 years at Year 14) had free-living PA assessed using SenseWear Armband prospectively at Year 7 (2007–2009) and Year 14 (2014–2016) of Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, a longitudinal cohort established in 2000 (baseline). We categorized percent changes in PA into groups (large decline → large increase) for 4 metrics: step count, light intensity PA (LIPA, metabolic equivalents [METs] &gt;1.5 to &lt;3.0), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, METs ≥ 3.0), and sedentary behavior (SB, METs ≤ 1.5, excluding sleep). Perceived physical and mental fatigability were measured (Year 14) with the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, higher score = greater fatigability; range = 0–50). Associations between each metric of percent changes in PA and fatigability were examined using linear regression, adjusted for demographics, change in health conditions, and Year 7 step count or total PA (METs &gt; 1.5).

Results
Men declined 2 336 ± 2 546 (34%) steps/d, 24 ± 31 (25%) LIPA min/d, 33 ± 58 (19%) MVPA min/d, and increased 40 ± 107 (6%) SB min/d over 7.2 ± 0.7 years. Compared to large decline (% change less than −50%), those that maintained or increased step count had 3–8 points lower PFS Physical scores; those who maintained or increased LIPA and MVPA had 2–3 and 2–4 points lower PFS Physical scores, respectively (all p ≤ .01). Associations were similar, but smaller, for PFS Mental scores.

Conclusion
Older men who maintained or increased PA had lower fatigability, independent of initial PA. Our findings inform the types and doses of PA that should be targeted to reduce fatigability in older adults.
The Negative Impact of Adult Children’s Marital Dissolution on Older Parents’ Mental Health in South Korea
Authors: Ko Pei-Chun , Sung Pildoo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about whether and the extent children’s marital dissolution deteriorates older parents’ mental health. This study examines the association of children’s marital dissolution with parents’ mental health, and whether children’s gender and intergenerational contact and support moderate such an association in South Korea, where family lives are strongly linked under the Confucian collectivistic legacy.

Methods
We apply fixed-effects models on 15,584 parent–child dyads nested in 5,673 older parents (45–97 years in Wave 1) participating in the four waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), conducted from 2006 to 2012.

Results
In South Korea, a son’s transition to marital dissolution is associated with higher levels of parents’ depressive symptoms. Frequent parent–son contacts of at least once a week, living with a son, and increasing financial transfers from parents to a son tend to reduce the negative association of the son’s marital dissolution with parents’ depressive symptoms.

Discussion
The findings imply that a son’s transition to marital dissolution, as a later-life stressor, is detrimental to parents’ mental health in a patrilineal Asian cultural context. The study also highlights the importance of intergenerational bonding in mitigating the negative impact of children’s marital dissolution upwardly transmitted to their older parents.
Aging in Nepal
Authors: Tausig Mark , Subedi Janardan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Like many countries, the increase in the population of older adults in Nepal has led to national policies and programs to address their needs. It would, however, also be fair to say that not enough is yet known about older adults and hence it is unclear if government programs truly address those needs. Nepal is a very poor country that is still largely rural and characterized by extremes of inequality based on caste/ethnicity, gender, region, and income/wealth. In this paper, we describe the demographic and social conditions of older adults in Nepal, inequality, sources, and limitations of the data about older adults, and public policy and programs for older adults. We believe that studies of older adults in Nepal would benefit from adopting social determinants of health, healthy aging, and life-course perspectives to both identify needs and formulate policy for older adults in Nepal.