bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving energy harvesting by nonlinear dual-beam energy harvester with an annular potential energy function
Authors: Shao Nan , Yang Hongxin , Huang Zhen , Xu Jiawen , Xu Xiaosu , Yan Ruqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a nonlinear dual-beam energy harvester for broadband energy harvesting. Two identical piezoelectric cantilevers are placed orthogonal to each other and coupled by repulsive magnetic force. Analytical and experimental studies indicate that the combination of the resonant motions of the two beams yields an annular potential energy function, where the oscillator can circumambulate around the potential barrier. The advantages of the design concerning a conventional bistable piezoelectric cantilever were examined. It is proved that the proposed harvester has a bandwidth of 3.4 Hz and a voltage output performance 298.7% better than that of a bistable one under excitations of 0.5 g.
Ensemble analysis of complex network properties—an MCMC approach
Authors: Pfeffer Oskar , Molkenthin Nora , Hellmann Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
What do generic networks that have certain properties look like? We use relative canonical network ensembles as the ensembles that realize a property R while being as indistinguishable as possible from a background network ensemble. This allows us to study the most generic features of the networks giving rise to the property under investigation. To test the approach we apply it to study properties thought to characterize ‘small-world networks’. We consider two different defining properties, the ‘small-world-ness’ of Humphries and Gurney, as well as a geometric variant. Studying them in the context of Erdős-Rényi and Watts–Strogatz ensembles we find that all ensembles studied exhibit phase transitions to systems with large hubs and in some cases cliques. Such features are not present in common examples of small-world networks, indicating that these properties do not robustly capture the notion of small-world networks. We expect the overall approach to have wide applicability for understanding network properties of real world interest, such as optimal ride-sharing designs, the vulnerability of networks to cascades, the performance of communication topologies in coordinating fluctuation response or the ability of social distancing measures to suppress disease spreading.
Evolution dynamics with the switching strategy of punishment and expulsion in the spatial public goods game
Authors: Zhuo Siqing , Liu Jie , Ren Tianyu , Sun Jiayi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Punishment and expulsion are two different strategies to promote cooperation with altruistic sanctions. Of them, expulsion is usually considered more severe and effective than punishment as a strategy to expel a traitor from the field directly. However, frequent expulsions will reduce the number of neighbours around the expellers, with no one left to play subsequent games. Inspired by the fact that people usually accept more tolerant punishment measures for most violators, we introduced a switching strategy of punishing most betrayers and expelling a few betrayers in the spatial public goods game. Unlike the traditional expulsion mechanism, the switching strategy allows switching strategists to balance the relationship between quickly promoting cooperation and maintaining group stability. Our simulation proves that the switching strategy based on the number of defectors can significantly promote cooperation; when the difficulty intensity is minimal, in particular, it can stimulate the emergence of cooperation. In addition, we also determine the optimal switching threshold and the optimal population density under this mechanism. Our work provides a more realistic perspective on the choice of punishment and expulsion, which may help to deepen the understanding of the choice of punishment measures when the number of defectors is high or low.
Gradient continuum model of nonlocal metamaterials with long-range interactions
Authors: Yang Leiyu , Wang Lifeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Compared with classical metamaterials, nonlocal metamaterials have distributed long-range interactions. In this paper, a gradient continuum model is developed to properly predict the dispersive behaviour of a one-dimensional nonlocal metamaterial with long-range interactions. First, a discrete monoatomic model is reconstructed into a supercell model. Then, a Taylor expansion based on supercell model is applied to the continuous displacement field, resulting in a gradient continuum model. The dispersive relation of the gradient continuum model is obtained and compared with discrete supercell model to evaluate its suitability. The proposed gradient continuum model with the eighth-order truncation is found to be enough to capture the dispersion behaviours all over the first Brillouin zone. The results indicate that the proposed gradient continuum model can predict the dispersion behaviour of the one-dimensional nonlocal system very well. Furthermore, the gradient continuous model of two mass-in-mass system with long-range interactions are verified.
Theoretical study of [36]adamanzane (36Adz) based alkalides with remarkable non-linear optical properties
Authors: Rasool Alvina , Zahid Saba , Elmushyakhi Abraham , Ans Muhammad , Shawky Ahmed M. , Ayub Khurshid , Iqbal Javed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Herein, a series of 36Adamanzane (stable C–N bond) based alkalides possessing alkaline Earth metal cation complexed by the 36Adz cage has been designed and studied with theoretical tools. All suggested complexes are within the range of effective NLO materials such as red-shifted λ
max (1080–1241 nm), narrowed Eg (1.74 to 2.31 eV), lowered Eopt (0.9945–1.1485 eV), enhanced

Δ
μ

(5.3873–6.2544 au), ameliorated

α

O

(454.20–1400.34 au) and

β

0

(801301.48–819800.06 au) as compared to pure 36Adz (Eg = 10.2 eV, λ
max = 179 nm, Eopt = 6.9217,

α

O

= 241.64 and

β

0

= 0.02 au). All of the aimed complexes have substantially large

α

O

as well as

β

0

values. NBO charges investigations reveal that one of the s-electrons has migrated from the inside metal atom to the outer one, resulting in not only alkalide characteristics but also significant NLO responses for the targeted compounds. This research is useful in the development of new types of excess electron compounds. The findings presented in this study may have implications for future research on high-performance NLO materials, as well as give important references for future research on various alkalides including non-alkali cations.
Charged Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime in DGP braneworld and its thermodynamics*
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study a charged Taub-NUT spacetime solution in the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) brane. We show that the Reissner-Nordstrom-Taub-NUT-de Sitter solution of Einstein-Maxwell gravity solves the corresponding equations of motion, where the cosmological constant is related to the cross-over scale in the DGP model. Following the approach by Teitelboim in discussing the thermodynamics of de Sitter spacetime and the proposal by Wu et al. for a conserved charge associated with the NUT parameter, we obtain the generalized Smarr mass formula and the first law of thermodynamics of the spacetime.
Hydrogen isotope plasma-driven permeation through RAFM steel: isotope exchange and helium irradiation effect
Authors: Xu Yue , Yang Kai , Xu Yun-Feng , Luo Lai-Ma , Ni Jun-Jie , Wu Yu-Cheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen isotope exchange in China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel was investigated by plasma-driven permeation (PDP) measurements in the temperature range of ∼670–920 K. It was found that as H was introduced into D plasma, the permeation flux of HD increased while that of D2 decreased. The total D permeation flux, however, remained almost unchanged. Such a result allowed the analysis of isotope replacement and showed that the reduction of D2 is balanced by the rise of HD. In addition, the formation of HD was found to be closely related to the H and D content in plasma. Hydrogen isotopic effects on H and D plasma dissociation/ionization rate and on incident flux were evaluated by measuring plasma parameters including electron temperature and electron density using a triple Langmuir probe. The correlation between isotope effects on ionization rate in the plasma and isotope effects in the permeation flux was discussed. He plasma pre-irradiation and seeding during D PDP were also conducted to investigate the He effects on D diffusion. The total D permeation flux was found to be reduced by He seeding. Data analysis of Langmuir probe showed that ionization rate of D plasma was influenced by He seeding. Besides, under simultaneous D + He irradiation, He atoms were preferentially trapped at the defects resulting in a shallower D concentration gradient that described the observed decrease in D permeation rate. He plasma pre-irradiation was found to reduce D permeation flux with a much slower breakthrough to reach steady-state. The amount of D trapped at He-induced defects was derived quantitatively from the transient permeation curves. It is believed that He bubbles formed at the near surface act as trapping sites of D atoms, leading to a less effective diffusion coefficient and an enhanced retention in the material.
Analysis of the ECH effect on EPM/AE stability in Heliotron J plasma using a Landau closure model
Authors: Varela J. , Nagasaki K. , Kobayashi S. , Nagaoka K. , Adulsiriswad P. , Cappa A. , Yamamoto S. , Watanabe K.Y. , Spong D.A. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y. , Ortiz J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of the electron cyclotron heating (ECH) on the linear stability of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and energetic particle modes (EPMs) triggered by energetic ions in Heliotron J plasma. The analysis is performed using the FAR3d code that solves a reduced MHD model to describe the thermal plasma coupled with a gyrofluid model for the energetic particle (EP) species. The simulations reproduce the AE/EPM stability trends observed in the experiments as the electron temperature (T

e
) increases, modifying the thermal plasma β, EP β and EP slowing-down time. Particularly, the

n

/

m
=
1

/

2

EPM and

2

/

4

Global AE are stabilized in the low-bumpiness (LB) configuration due to an enhancement of the continuum, finite Larmor radius and e-i Landau damping effects as the thermal β increases. On the other hand, a larger ECH injection power cannot stabilize the AE/EPM in medium-bumpiness and high-bumpiness (HB) configurations because the damping effects are weaker compared to the LB case, unable to balance the further destabilization induced by an enhanced EP resonance as the EP slowing-down time and EP β increases with T

e
.
Exact renormalization group equation for lattice Ginzburg–Landau models adapted to the solution in the local potential approximation
Authors: Tokar V I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Wilson Green’s function approach and, alternatively, Feynman’s diffusion equation and the Hori representation have been used to derive an exact functional RG equation (EFRGE) that in the course of the RG flow interpolates between the interaction part of the lattice Ginzburg–Landau Hamiltonian and the logarithm of the generating functional of the S-matrix. Because the S-matrix vertices are the amputated correlation functions of the fluctuating field, it has been suggested that in the critical region the amputation of the long-range tails makes the S-matrix functional more localized and thus more amenable to the local potential approximation (LPA) than the renormalized free energy functional used in Wilson’s EFRGE. By means of a functional Legendre transform the S-matrix EFRGE has been converted into an EFRGE for the effective action (EA). It has been found that the field-dependent part of EA predicted by the equation is the same as calculated within the known EA EFRGE approaches but in addition it is accurately accounts for the field-independent terms. These are indispensable in calculation of such important quantities as the specific heat, the latent heat, etc. With the use of the derived EFRGE a closed expression for the renormalization counterterm has been obtained which when subtracted from the divergent solution of the Wetterich equation would lead to a finite exact expression for the EA thus making two approaches formally equivalent. The S-matrix equation has been found to be simply connected with a generalized functional Burgers’ equation which establishes a direct correspondence between the first order phase transitions and the shock wave solutions of the RG equation. The transparent semi-group structure of the S-matrix RG equation makes possible the use of different RG techniques at different stages of the RG flow in order to improve the LPA solution.
Weight distributions of American domestic passenger air transportation networks
Authors: Sun Long-Long , Hu Ya-Peng , Zhu Chen-Ping , Roshani Farinaz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The scale-free features widely concerned by previous weighted network models seemed to not be the best choice to describe the link weight distributions of passenger air transportation networks. In this paper, by introducing an exponent α to the weight evolution rule of the earliest weighted model, and considering the spatial constraints of two-dimensional distances on linking probability, we have conducted rigorous analyses leading to the exponentially truncated power-law distribution for weights:

P
(
w
)
=
A
⋅

w

−
α

⋅

e

−
B

w

1
−
α

, where A and B are parameters, α

<

1. The theoretical expression is consistent with the empirical results of the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020. The model would be applicable to different air transportation systems and to problems in other fields.
Orthogonal run-and-tumble walks
Authors: Angelani Luca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Planar run-and-tumble walks with orthogonal directions of motion are considered. After formulating the problem with generic transition probabilities among the orientational states, we focus on the symmetric case, giving general expressions of the probability distribution function (in the Laplace–Fourier domain), the mean-square displacement and the effective diffusion constant in terms of transition rate parameters. As case studies we treat and discuss two classes of motion, alternate/forward and isotropic/backward, obtaining, when possible, analytic expressions of probability distribution functions in the space-time domain. We discuss at the end also the case of cyclic motion. Reduced (enhanced) effective diffusivity, with respect to the standard 2D active motion, is observed in the cyclic and backward (forward) cases.
The PANDA EDD prototype in Giessen Cosmic Station
Authors: Koseoglu Ilknur 
Published: December 2022

The PANDA detector at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently being constructed in Darmstadt, Germany. It contains a fixed proton target and an antiproton beam with a momentum range between 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. Two Cherenkov detectors are used to identify charged hadrons. The Disc DIRC (EDD) covers polar angles between 5° to 22° in the endcap region. In order to test the performance of the EDD prototype, the experimental setup driven by cosmic muons was built at the JLU in Giessen. It is called the Giessen Cosmic Station (GCS) and contains four tracking boxes for tracking muons, two trigger plates, and a lead absorber. The prototype of the EDD detector is integrated to the GCS setup to reconstruct the Cherenkov angle of each muon tracked by the GCS hodoscope.
This work covers the technical design of the GCS and the performance tests of the EDD prototype in the GCS.
Commissioning of new FHCal at BM@N experiment
Authors: Izvestnyy A , Golubeva M , Guber F , Ivashkin A , Karpushkin N , Morozov S , Petukhov O 
Published: December 2022

The BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is the fixed target experiment at NICA-Nuclotron (JINR, Dubna, Russia) accelerator complex. The main goal of the experiment is studying the properties of dense nuclear matter produced in ion-ion collisions at the energies of up to 4 AGeV. New Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCal) with modular structure and a beam hole in the center has been developed and constructed to measure the collision centrality after the BM@N upgrade. The transverse and longitudinal segmentation of the FHCal allows to perform calibration of the calorimeter with cosmic muons.
FHCal modules have lead/scintillator sampling structure with longitudinal segmentation. Light signals from the sections are collected with MPPCs, amplified and read-out by ADC boards. Fast analog signals are collected for trigger system.
The status of development and construction of the new FHCal calorimeter for the BM@N experiment is presented. Performance of FHCal front-end and readout systems is discussed.
New Beam Position Detectors for NA61/SHINE experiment
Authors: Makhnev A. , Guber F. , Serebryakov D. , Pulawski S. , Kowalski S. 
Published: December 2022

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS is undergoing a major upgrade during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 period (2019-2021). The upgrade is essential to fulfill the requirements of the new open charm and neutrino programs. In these programs the NA61/SHINE will operate with the data acquisition rate increased by a factor of 10, which requires an upgrade of current Beam Position Detectors (BPDs). New detectors should monitor beam particle positions with a frequency up to 105 Hz.
This paper presents an overview of the new BPD design, as well as discusses current state of development and prototype production of BPD, including: mechanical design, front-end electronics design and integration with experiment’s data aquisition system.
The novel, truly cylindrical, ultra-thin silicon detector for the ALICE Inner Tracker System
Authors: Mager Magnus 
Published: December 2022

The ALICE collaboration is planning to replace its innermost tracking layers during the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Long Shutdown 3 with a novel detector that will be as close as 18 mm to the interaction point and as thin as <0.05%X
0 per layer. To achieve these numbers, a wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) in 65 nm technology is being developed. This sensor, fabricated on 300 mm wafers, will reach dimensions of up to 280 mm by 94 mm. Sensors are subsequently thinned down to values between 20 μm to 40 μm, where they become flexible and are bent into truly cylindrical half-barrels.
Following the publication of a Letter of Intent by ALICE and the endorsement by the Large Hadron Collider Committee (LHCC) end of 2019, a very active research and development programme on bent silicon detectors has started.
This contribution reviews the detector concept, the physics motivations, and lays out the R&D path. Mechanical integration tests with ultra-thin silicon wafers as well as electrical test of bent MAPS, including beam test results, will be shown and demonstrate the feasibility of this new class of tracking detectors.
Measurement of Light Yield, Timing and Radiation Damage and Recovery of Common Plastic Scintillators
Authors: Onel Y , Wetzel J , Bilki B , Bostan N , Koseyan O , Tiras E , Winn D 
Published: December 2022

PEN and PET (polyethylene naphthalate and teraphthalate) are common plastics used for drink bottles and plastic food containers. They are also good scintillators. Their ubiquity has made them of interest for high energy physics applications, as generally plastic scintillators can be very expensive. However, detailed studies on the performance of the scintillators has not yet been performed.
At various tests, we measured the light yield and timing properties of PEN and PET with Fermilab and CERN test beams. We also irradiated several samples to varying gamma doses and investigated their recovery mechanisms. Here we report on the measurements performed over the past few years in order to characterize the scintillation properties of PEN and PET and discuss possible future implementations.
Employment of nanodiamond photocathodes on MPGD-based HEP detector at the future EIC
Authors: Brunbauer F M , Chatterjee C , Cicala G , Cicuttin A , Ciliberti P , Crespo M L , D’Ago D , Torre S Dalla , Dasgupta S , Gregori M , Ligonzo T , Levorato S , Lisowska M , Menon G , Tessarotto F , Ropelewski L , Triloki T , Valentini A , Velardi L , Zhao Y X 
Published: December 2022

In high momenta range, the construction of a Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detector for the particle identification at the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is a complicated task. A compact collider setup imposes to construct a RICH with a short radiator length, hence limiting the number of photons. The number of photons can be increase by choosing to work in far UV region. However, as standard fused-silica windows are opaque below 165 nm, therefore, a windowless RICH approach could be a possible choice. In the far UV range, CsI is a widely used photo-cathode (PC) to detect photons, but because of its hygroscopic nature, it is very delicate to handle. Its Quantum Efficiency (QE) degrades in high intensity ion fluxes. These are the key reasons to search a novel, less delicate PC with sensitivity in the far UV region. Hydrogenated nanodiamond films are proposed as an alternative PC material and shown to have promising characteristics. The performance of nanodiamond PC coupled to THGEM-based detectors is the objects of our ongoing R & D.The first phase of these studies includes the characterization of THGEMs coated with nanodiamont PC, the comparison of the effective QE in vacuum and in gaseous atmospheres, the hardness respect to the PC bombardment by ions from the multiplication process. The approach is described in detail as well as all the results obtained so far with these exploratory studies.
A low insertion loss RF switch using a 130 nm SOI process
Authors: Zhang Caozheng , Zheng Libo , Yu Jinghao , Ye Pengfei , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To realize a better radio frequency (RF) communication system, the RF switch, as an important module, is used to cooperate with other devices to form an RF front end for optimizing communication performances. This paper designs a single-pole multi-throw (SPMT) RF switch, which exhibits a low insertion loss of 0.57 dB at 1.9 GHz under the voltage of 2.2 to 4.7 V. The RF switch is fabricated using a 130 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. It can be used in multi-frequency and multi-mode applications such as 4G/5G. The proposed RF switch has competitive performance and can be combined with other modules to achieve better wireless communication and promote the development of ultra-wideband and multi-mode wireless communication systems.
Cascade detector for oriented airplane detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Gao Yangte , Gao Jianfeng , Nie Xiaoyu , Han Jianhong , Bi Fukun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although the current target detection field has made remarkable progress, airplane detection in large field optical remote sensing images is still challenging. To this end, we innovatively propose an oriented airplane detector to solve the two difficulties. In response to the slow detection speed of optical remote sensing images, we use an anchor-free structure to avoid complex calculations related to anchor boxes and significantly reduce the use of memory and time in computing. Since the airplane target are distributed with arbitrary orientation, the accuracy of the general detector is reduced. We alleviate this problem by replacing the standard convolution with asymmetric convolution. In addition, we use a cascade structure in prediction, which can further improve accuracy with almost no increase in the calculation. Abundant experiments and detection results show our methods effectiveness. In airplane detection task, our proposed model achieves 88.14 mAP on DOTA-v1.0 and 90.46 on UCAS- AOD.