bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSUMER PROTECTION MEASURES AND ROAD SAFETY IN NYERI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Gichohi Joseph Mwangi , Muna Dr. Wilson 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of consumer protection measures implemented by Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs) for Public Service Vehicles (PSV) on road safety in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study used descriptive case study design and employed SERVQUAL theory and Elton Mayo’s HAWTHORNE effect in its theoretical framework. The target population was 11 PSV SACCOS licenced to operate in Nyeri County between 2016 and 2018. A sample size of 86 employees was drawn from the three largest SACCOs in Nyeri County. They included: 2NK SACCO, NAKONNS SACCO and NYENA SACCO. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select individuals who participated in the study. Primary data in this study was collected using self-administered structured questionnaire and interview guides. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics while thematic analysis was employed to analyse qualitative analysis. Secondary data was used to provide a background and support the findings of the current study. Data was presented using tables and figures and multiple regression analysis was used to test all the hypotheses. The findings indicated that management of PSV SACCOs with focus on wearing seatbelts, driving within the speed limit, use of speed cameras greatly contribute in reducing road crashes deaths. In addition the study found that a safe system approach combining infrastructure and speed management measures further produced substantial safety gains for road users. The results also showed a significant relationship between Consumer Protection through PSV SACCOs and road safety in Nyeri County.
EFFECTS OF COUNTY BUDGETING FORUMS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN KENYA: THE CASE OF KAJIADO COUNTY
Authors: Richard Joshua Saiyanka , Muna Dr. Wilson 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of county budgeting forums on service delivery in Kenya: the case of Kajiado County government. The objectives of this study were: to analyze the effect of Sector Working Groups on delivery of services in Kajiado County; to establish the effect of County Budget and Economic Forum on service delivery in Kajiado County; to determine the effect of Pre-Budget Public Sector Consultative Forum on service delivery in Kajiado County; to determine the effect of Budget and Appropriations Committee Hearings on delivery of services in Kajiado County. The target population for this study was those members of the public and employees who had participated in county budgeting for the past three financial years from which the sample size will be selected. The study used stratified and random sampling techniques to select a sample size of 107 individuals representing 12% of the accessible population of 889 persons. The study used interview schedules and self-administered questionnaires with both structured and unstructured questions to collect primary data. This study also used secondary data that was obtained through document review of government documents and reports. Quantitative data from the questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data collected through interviews was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the respondents were extremely dissatisfied with accessibility, efficiency, accountability, inclusivity, responsiveness and quality of the services delivered to them by the county government of Kajiado. The findings further indicated that Sector Working Groups did not have a significant effect on service delivery in Kajiado County while County Budget and Economic Forum, Pre-Budget Public Sector Consultative Forum and Budget and Appropriations Committee Hearings had a positive effect on delivery of services in Kajiado County. The study recommended that county officials should provide adequate budget information to the public and enhance their participation in the budget making and policy formulation as well as induct members on their roles and mandate in matters related to public participation in budgeting forums.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SERVICE COMMISSION IN KENYA
Authors: Jumanne Andrew Shangarai , Njoroge (PhD) Dr. Jane 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Technological Change Management on employee performance Public Sector Organizations in Kenya; Case of Parliamentary Service Commission (PARLSCOM). Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed to describe the performance of employees in PSC after changes in organizational technologies. The target population was all the 914 employees of PARLSCOM on permanent and pensionable terms. The study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to draw a sample of 91 employees from the target study population. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect primary. Secondary data was obtained from PARLSCOM’s annual reports, government publications and earlier research. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data while inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression was used to test hypotheses. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2013 Analysis ToolPak.Findings: The study found out that technological change management was significant in affecting the performance of employees of Parliamentary Service Commission in Kenya.Unique Contribution to Policy: Managers should invest in technology through automation of their functions as much as possible. Human resource managers need to implement policies on training and development for employees to enhance knowledge and skills in the emerging technologies. They should also ensure that their employees are involved in deciding which technologies to be adopted and how they are managed.
CULTURAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SERVICE COMMISSION IN KENYA
Authors: Jumanne Andrew Shangarai , Njoroge (PhD) Dr. Jane 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of Cultural Change Management on performance of employees of the Parliamentary Service Commission in Kenya. Methodology: The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was all the 914 employees of the Parliamentary Service Commission (PARLSCOM) in Kenya on permanent and pensionable terms. The study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to draw a sample of 91 employees from the target study population. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect primary. Secondary data was obtained from PARLSCOM’s annual reports, government publications and earlier research. Reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach’s alpha reliability where Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94 was obtained which was greater than 0.7 which implied that the instrument had a high level of internal consistency. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data while inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression was used to test hypotheses. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2013 Analysis ToolPak. Findings: The results indicated that Cultural Change Management has a positive significant effect on performance of employees. Cultural Change Management was found to play a large role in determining whether the organization is a happy and healthy environment for employees to work in. Unique Contribution to policy and practice. The study recommends Human Resource managers should ensure that the organization has same norms and value as those employees in order to increase employees’ performance towards achieving the overall organization goals
POLITICAL MARKETING: A VILE FOR ENHANCING LEADERSHIP AND SECURITY TOWARDS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ogah Victor , Anthony Daisi , Enovwo Aluko 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The study examined the relationship between political marketing, leadership and security towards enhancing national development. Specific objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between fairness as proxy of political marketing and leadership status in Nigeria; to examine the relationship between prompt response of government as proxy of political marketing and security status in Nigeria and to examine the relationship between transparency as a proxy of political marketing and national development.
Methodology: The study utilized survey research design and primary data. The population of the study was 168 respondents consist of lecturers from Department of marketing selected from institutions across South-West, Nigeria The study utilized simple random sampling technique with Taro Yamane sample size determination method to select sample of 84 lecturers for the study. 5-point likert scale option of structured questionnaire was used in the study to obtain respondents response. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the instrument and the value of the test of reliability was 0.82 which was calculated using test-retest reliability method. Pearson moment correlation was used to test the hypothesis.
Findings: Three hypotheses were tested in line with the objectives of the study and it was revealed that there was significant relationship between fairness, prompt response of government, transparency and leadership, security, national development respectively.
Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The study suggested some recommendations, such as: Nigerian politician craving for or assume leadership position should imbibe political marketing in their style of governance in order to exhibit fairness as proxy of political marketing to the society and Insecurity is a deadly problem facing every country in the world. It destroy entire nation. Nigerian politician should embrace the best strategy in solving problem of insecurity and inculcate the ethics of prompt response to violence as proxy of political marketing through dialogue and various security agencies of government in the country.
Keywords: Politics, marketing, Leadership, Security, National Development, Fairness. Transparency
A quick comparison of Pliocene and Upper Miocene shale resources in northern, central and southern parts of Song Hong basin with reference to their gas potential
Authors: Vo Thi Hai Quan , Pham Huy Giao 
Published: November 2022

This research is a follow-up of a more comprehensive PhD study on assessment of shale gas resources in the northern Song Hong basin that was conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). The Song Hong basin, a typical pull-apart Cenozoic basin, had experienced a post-extensional stage accompanied by seafloor spreading from Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene with its stratigraphy characterised by a fault-controlled syn-rift continental sequence followed by a post-rift marine sequence. In recent years, a number of gas fields have been discovered in the Song Hong basin with the Oligocene-Eocene and the Lower-Middle Miocene shales as the major and minor source rocks, respectively. On the other hand, the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales, present in the stratigraphy from the north to the south of the Song Hong basin, have generally been considered as the seals, but not the source rocks in some previous studies. In July 2020, an exploration well (Ken Bau-2X) was drilled in Block 114 by ENI, reaching a total depth of 3,658 m and encountering a pay of about 110 m in several intervals of Upper Miocene sandstones interbedded with shales, confirming a considerable gas accumulations discovered in Vietnam so far. The interesting thing is that this well only encounter the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales, the Oligocene-Eocene or Middle-Lower Miocene sediments underlying is absent or very thin. Therefore, potential source rock of these shales should be considered in the area, in particular with reference to petroleum system of the central Song Hong basin.

In this study, a preliminary comparison of the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shale resources in the northern, central and southern blocks in the Song Hong basin was conducted based on the analysis results of XRD, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, respectively. While the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in many areas of Song Hong basin, show a very low or no hydrocarbon generation potential, the very deep and thick Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in the center and adjacent areas, deposited in a marine environment under the special conditions of abnormal pressure and high geothermal gradient, can be potential source rocks that have possibly generated and released a large amount of hydrocarbons. Further geochemical analyses and petroleum system modelling of the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in particular and for the whole central Song Hong basin are recommended.
Secondary hypnic headache: A literature review in the last 34 years
Authors: Fortes Yasmine Maria Leódido , Erudilho Eduardo , Silva Taís Souza da , Souza Wallyson Pablo de Oliveira , Silva-Neto Raimundo 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Hypnic headache is a rare primary headache disorder that occurs during sleep. Its pathophysiology is uncertain, but hypothalamic dysfunction is hypothesized. It is usually a primary headache, but it can have secondary causes.
Objectives: We aimed was to review articles published in the last 34 years on hypnic headache and analyze secondary cases.
Methods: Based on a literature search in the major medical databases and using the descriptor “hypnic headache” we included articles published between 1988 and 2020. Of the 359 patients found, only 18 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
Results: We found 18 patients (6 men and 12 women) with secondary hypnic headache. The mean age of patients was 58.7±15.0 years, ranging from 20 to 84 years. The causes of hypnic headache were attributed to cranial vascular disorder (five), to non-vascular intracranial disorder (six), to a substance or its withdrawal (three) and to disorder of homoeostasis (four).
Conclusions: Although most cases of hypnic headache are primary, some symptomatic cases are described in the literature.
The impact of intra-sacroiliac joint methylprednisolone injection in the recovery of patients with spondyloarthropathy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rajaei Elham , Bavieh Khaled , Mowla Karim , Ghorbani Ali , Movaffagh Nooshin 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSpondyloarthropathies are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with specific clinical symptoms in rheumatic diseases. These patients suffer from pain in the joints. Physicians have tried several ways to decrease the pain in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intra-sacroiliac joint methylprednisolone injection under the guidance of ultra-
sonography in spondyloarthropathy patients.Material and methodsIn this randomized control trial we studied 60 patients with spondyloarthropathy (30 patients in the intervention group and 30 patients in the control group) from January 2020 to December 2020. The intervention group patients received 40 mg of intra-sacroiliac joint (SIJ) methylprednisolone injection at the beginning in addition to treatment with nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (inflammatory dose) and sulfasalazine (2 to 3 g/day). Patients’ pain intensity and symptoms were assessed in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks after glucocorticosteroid injection. Quantitative factors were compared by independent Student’s t-test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 software. A p-value < 0.005 was considered significant.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) criteria and finger-to-floor (FTF) levels in the intervention and control groups. There were significant differences in VAS and BASDAI criteria and FTF levels 2 weeks after the injection, and this difference remained the same until the end of the 8th week. The p-value was significant (p-value < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe sacroiliac joint methylprednisolone injection approach with ultrasound guidance seems to be effective in pain relief and function, and patient satisfaction scores. Additionally using the guidance of ultrasonography in this approach is without the risk of radiation exposure.
FIRM SPECIFIC DETERMINANTS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON LISTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS PROFITABILITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: EHIEDU, Victor C Ph.D  , Imoagwu Chika Priscilla2 (Ph.D)  
Published: November 2022

The study examined the analysis of firm specific determinants of profitability (PROF) of listed Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria between the periods of 2011-2020. The study made used of secondary data which was sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the various 10 Oil and Gas Firms for the measures of firm specific determinants [Firm Size (FS), Firm Age (FA), Liquidity (LIQ), Leverage (LEV), Sales Growth (SG) and Operating Expenses (OE)] in relation to profitability proxy with Return on Assets (ROA). Descriptive statistics and the correlation analysis were used to determine the nature of relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In view of the hypothesis formulated for this research, the method of data analysis chosen was a multiple regression analysis using E-VIEW 9.0 computer software. The findings revealed that LIQ, LEV and OE have significant relationship on ROA while FS, FA and SG does not have significant relationship on ROA relationship with ROA. Hence, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between firm specific determinants and the PROF of listed Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria. This study recommended among others that Listed Oil and Gas Firms should increase their FS so as to increase the return on assets of their firms.
Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Firm Size and Return on Asset.
KANCHNAR TWAK, SHUNTHI CHURNA AND NIMB TAIL NASYA IN HYPOTHYROIDISM- A REVIEW
Authors: Ajay Gupta Ajay Kumar , Yadav Pratima 
Published: November 2022

Today’s era hypothyroidism is one of the most common and challenging disease in our society. Thyroid is the second most prevailing disorder in daily OPD. In endocrine system thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone so it’s called Hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is the most efficacious hormone replacement treatment and this thyroxin therapy starting from 25mcg/day for hypothyroidism. The female-male ratio is approximately 6:1. Ayurveda has not mentioned endocrine disorders, instead for treatment of unspecified syndromes, it emphasizes on careful observation of symptoms and pathophysiology. In Ayurveda it can be co-related with the actions of “AGNI”. The sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of Kapha vriddhi (increases in kapha), Rasa Dushti, Medas dushti, Medas dhatwagni mandya(slow metabolism at adipose tissue level), and Kapha Avaran janya Dhatwagni Mandya (slow metabolism due to blockage of kapha). In ayurvedic text there is no direct reference of hypothyroidism but Galganda and Gandamala frequently used in the text. According to Charaka a swelling that is caused when a vitiated kapha affects the throat from the outside, and gradually produces swelling, is called galagand. Galgand is explained classically in all the Ayurvedic texts, including Shushruta and Astang hruday, since Galgand is the most untouched topic in Ayurveda and since Hypothyroidism is becoming one of the common problems in day-to-day practice. By using modern medicine many side effects occurs but through ayurwedic drugs hypothyroidism can be managed easily. This article discusses efficacy of Kanchnar twak kwath with shunthi churna and nimb tail Nasya in Hypothyroidism.
Prevalence of diarrheageanic E. coli isolated from diarrheal stool from Children under 5 years of age at Kanti Children’s Hospital
Authors: Gautam Dr. Kirtika 
Published: November 2022

Background: Diarrhea caused by diarrheagenic E.coli are major health problem of developing countries including Nepal.Though precise data on childhood diarrhea by diarrheagenic E.coli in Nepal is not available. It has been estimated that approximately 25% of child death are associated with diarrhea.This study was thus carried out to evaluate the incidence of diarrhea by diarrheagenic E.coli in children under 5 years of age. The study was conducted at Kanti Children’s hospital (KCH), Maharajgunj. A total of 200 samples were enrolled between March 2018 to August 2018. Methods: All the diarrheal stool samples were cultured on Mac Conkey agar plate. After 24 hours of incubation at 37 degree celcius. If it produce Lactose Fermenting (LF) pink coloured colonies further confirmatory test was done by different biochemical test. Whether it was E. coli or not.If it was E.coli then further sub cultured on Mac Conkey Sorbitol (MSA) agar to isolate diarrheagenic E. coli. Next day if there seen Non Sorbitol Formenting (NSF) colonies, it was identified as diarrheagenic E. Coli. because most other E.coli strains and other Enterobacteria ferment sorbitol but diarrheagenic E.coli do not ferment Sorbitol and is non sorbitol fermenting colourless colonies. Results: Out of total enrolled cases, 20 (10%) were diarrheagenic E. coli. Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and third generation Cephalosporin showed 100% efficacy against diarrheagenic E.coli . Conclusion: The incidence of disease was more prevalent in children below 2 years. Diarrheagenic E. coli were found to be a significant cause of diarrhea under 5 years of age. Awareness of improving hygiene reduce the episode of diarrhea.
DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THE MECHANISM OF ADHESION OF SURFACE TREATED WITH TRICHLOROISOCYANURIC ACID SOLUTION RUBBER AND POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE JOINTS
Authors: Pascual-Sánchez Verónica , Martín-Martínez José Miguel 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Although the effects produced by the surface treatment of rubber with organic solvent solutions of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) leading to improved adhesion to polyurethane (PU) adhesive have been established, the mechanism of adhesion involved is still unclear. In this study, the reaction of TCI species on the rubber surface with the PU adhesive leading to the formation of chemical bonds was proposed as the relevant mechanism of adhesion. As a model, TCI was added to polyurethane adhesive (PU + TCI), and a polyurethane film was immersed in TCI solution (PU − TCI), their surface, structural, and viscoelastic properties were monitored for different times. The formation of chemical bonds between the polyurethane chains and TCI species derived from the solid TCI crystals on the rubber surface during bonding formation, and the crosslinking/hardening of the PU surface were evidenced. The reaction with TCI species increased the surface energy on the PU, mainly the polar component, similar surface energies were obtained in both PU + TCI and PU − TCI after 7 days. The enhanced surface energies on the PU that reacted with TCI were ascribed to the creation of new C–Cl and C=O species, their percentages were higher on PU + TCI than on PU − TCI surface. On the other hand, new N–H stretching and carbonyl species were produced; this indicated that TCI species interacted with the hard segments. Furthermore, the crystallization peaks in PU + TCI and PU − TCI at higher temperatures and lower enthalpies than in PU indicated the disruption of the interactions between the soft segments. Therefore, the structural changes in the PU caused by reaction with TCI species affected their degree of phase separation and viscoelastic properties. The addition of solid TCI to the PU caused a noticeable degradation and hardening, the extent of degradation was more marked by increasing the time, this led to lower mechanical properties.