bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw Harvested in Kokumbo in Ivory Coast
Authors: N’dri Séraphin Konan , Sounta Yéo , Jean-Hugues Angbeé Kassé , Antoine Kouamé Bosson , Janat Akhanovna MamyrBékova-Békro , Yves-Alain Békro 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The objective of this work is to contribute to the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Ivorian flora. We propose to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry of the essential oil of Cardiospermum. grandiflorum Sw
Study Design: Valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants.
Methodology: The technical of steam distillation using a four-compartment stainless steel device was used to extract the essential oil from the plant matrix.
The analysis of the essential oils was carried out on a GC chromatograph (7890A, Agilent Technologies) coupled to a mass spectrometer (5975C, Agilent Technologies). The identification of the compounds was carried out by comparison of the retention indices and mass spectra obtained with those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database and from the literature
The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using the Blois method.
Results: The essential oil obtained by steaming, with an aromatic odor and pale yellow color has a yield of (0.0045 ± 0.0002)%.
Analysis of the chromatogram and mass spectra obtained by GC-MS identified 24 phytocompounds representing 99.45% of the total chemical composition. The chemical composition of EO consists mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (97.72%).The major compound is γ-muurolene (46.06%) (A) followed by β-Caryophyllene (24.35%) (B) and γ-elemene (7.07 %).
The essential oil extract of C. grandiflorum exhibits low antioxidant activity compared to vitamin C. The IC 50 value of vitamin C is 0.31 µg / mL while that of EO extract of C grandiflorum is 15.1 µg / mL
Conclusion: In the present study, we are interested in the valuation of Cardiospermum grandiflorum an aromatic plant used in traditional Ivorian medicine. The yields of essential oil is low. (24) phytocompounds were identified there. The essential oil has less antioxidant activity than that of vitamin C,
Influence of Inclusive Programs of People with Disabilities on Community Development in Bungoma North Sub County
Authors: Jeremiah Simon Njiru , Abuga Isaac 
Published: January 2022

The research investigated influence of inclusive programs of people with disabilities on community development at Bungoma North Sub County Kenya. Mentality on disabled and disability treatment intimately connects with archaic cultural beliefs of humanity and society resonating to why this study and the researcher employed the approaches of understanding the contemporary inclusive programs for sustainable development. This research used descriptive survey research design study since it explained phenomenon and considering underlying questions of Phenomenon occurrence. Use of survey, collecting qualitative and descriptive information about inclusive programs of human beings with disability in the study population was utilized because the research tried to capture everyone within the study area. The research was based on structured questionnaires, which were distributed for data collection. Targeted population was 1000 people peaked from Bungoma North Sub County through stratified method of random sampling however this study drew 10% of the study population that is 100 respondents then issued with poll forms as data tools. Finally but not least disability inclusion in community pops up at the center of realizing the economic and developmental ambitions of a nation or rather state. Constituents for example management, policy, resources & environmental concept, strenuous access to social services among disabled human beings in government facilities, state owned corporations, private sectors or organizations, must be dealt with as crucial factors. Equitable motivation of disabled should be crucial for the institutions and prompt remedy given to uplift the vigor on community development participation ensuring its elevated at peak. This study explored recommendations such as cohesion disability awareness inclusive programs such as development initiatives, education/training in order to reserve adequate resources in ways such as time and finances to ensure optimum inclusion of disabled.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Phalatrikadi Ghan Vati in Patients of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Reverse Pharmacology Approach – Study Protocol
Authors: Chaudhary Piyush , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Tyagi Vidushi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mostly diagnosed incidentally, is a rapidly emerging liver disorder. In absence of any specific treatment, current management focuses on theuse of hepatoprotective agents in addition to lifestyle modification and prevention of metabolic syndrome. Several Ayurveda agents have shown promising effects in patients over centuries of use. But this evidence needs to be assessed scientifically through reverse pharmacology approach. A polyingredient Ayurveda drug, Phalatrikadighanvati (PGV) has been selected for this study because of its long history of use and that its individual contents have shown positive results in liver disorders.
Objective: Evaluation of efficacy of Phalatrikadighanvati in patients of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) along with its pharmaceutical and analytical study.
Materials and Methods: The drug shall bepharmaceutically processed and analyzed as per pharmacopoeial standards.Present study has been designed as a randomized placebo controlled double blind clinical trial in two stages. The first stage shall be a pilot study to decide the best effective and safe dose in patients of NAFLD. The pilot study shall include two groups of 10 patients each in a dose of PGV 500mg and 1gm respectively twice a day for 12 weeks. After theselection of thebest dose, RCT will be conducted on that dose in the second stage.It shall be a Phase 2 trial with 60 patients divided equally in two groups.The patients in group one shall be given a dose as per the outcome of the pilot study twice a day and another group shall be administered placebo for a period of 12 weeks.
Results: Efficacy of Phalatrikadi ghan vati will evaluated in terms of subjective and objective parameters using paired and unpaired t-test.
Conclusion: PGV is expected to improve the diagnostic parameters in patients of NAFLD thus proving to be efficacious in managing NAFLDand act as a potent hepatoprotective agent.
Compact and Large‐Area Perovskite Films Achieved via Soft‐Pressing and Multi‐Functional Polymerizable Binder for Flat‐Panel X‐Ray Imager
Authors: Xia Mengling , Song Zihao , Wu Haodi , Du Xinyuan , He Xin , Pang Jincong , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Li Guifeng , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThanks to its strong X‐ray absorption and large carrier diffusion length, perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance for X‐ray detection. Combination of perovskite with thin‐film transistor (TFT) arrays to construct flat‐panel X‐ray imager (FPXI) is required for X‐ray imaging, yet this is rarely reported. Solution processing of perovskite thick film onto TFT can enable the electronic connection, however the amounts of pinholes inevitably form during the solvent evaporation and result in a porous film with deteriorated performance and stability. Here a novel strategy is raised to achieve high‐quality perovskite thick films for TFT integration via soft‐pressing and in situ polymerization of multi‐functional binder (TMTA). The combined process largely eliminates the pinholes, improves the surface smoothness, passivates grains boundaries, reduces ionic migration, and improves stability. Accordingly, a compact and smooth MAPbI3 thick film integrating with TFT arrays is prepared for flat‐panel X‐ray imaging. The largest film (28 × 28 cm2) is obtained with the state‐of‐the‐art performance (ratio of sensitivity to noise current: 1.41 × 1011 µC Gy−1 A−1) among polycrystalline films. It is hoped that the work provides guidance for fabricating compact perovskite thick films and push perovskite FPXI one step further for low‐dose X‐ray imaging.
Graphene on Chromia: A System for Beyond‐Room‐Temperature Spintronics
Authors: He Keke , Barut Bilal , Yin Shenchu , Randle Michael D. , Dixit Ripudaman , Arabchigavkani Nargess , Nathawat Jubin , Mahmood Ather , Echtenkamp Will , Binek Christian , Dowben Peter A. , Bird Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvidence of robust spin‐dependent transport in monolayer graphene, deposited on the (0001) surface of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)/magneto‐electric oxide chromia (Cr2O3), is provided. Measurements performed in the non‐local spin‐Hall geometry reveal a robust signal that is present at zero external magnetic field and which is significantly larger than any possible ohmic contribution. The spin‐related signal persists well beyond the Néel temperature (≈307 K) that defines the transition between the AFM and paramagnetic states, remaining visible at the highest studied temperature of close to 450 K. This robust character is consistent with prior theoretical studies of the graphene/Cr2O3 system, predicting that the lifting of sub‐lattice symmetry in the graphene shall induce an effective spin–orbit term of ≈40 meV. Overall, the results indicate that graphene‐on‐chromia heterostructures are a highly promising framework for the implementation of spintronic devices, capable of operation well beyond room temperature.
Plastic Antibodies Mimicking the ACE2 Receptor for Selective Binding of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike
Authors: Batista Alex D. , Rajpal Soumya , Keitel Benedikt , Dietl Sandra , Fresco‐Cala Beatriz , Dinc Mehmet , Groß Rüdiger , Sobek Harald , Münch Jan , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular imprinting has proven to be a versatile and simple strategy to obtain selective materials also termed “plastic antibodies” for a wide variety of species, i.e., from ions to macromolecules and viruses. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the development of epitope‐imprinted polymers for selective binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is not reported to date. An epitope from the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein comprising 17 amino acids is used as a template during the imprinting process. The interactions between the epitope template and organosilane monomers used for the polymer synthesis are predicted via molecular docking simulations. The molecularly imprinted polymer presents a 1.8‐fold higher selectivity against the target epitope compared to non‐imprinted control polymers. Rebinding studies with pseudoviruses containing SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein demonstrate the superior selectivity of the molecularly imprinted matrices, which mimic the interactions of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors from human cells. The obtained results highlight the potential of SARS‐CoV‐2 molecularly imprinted polymers for a variety of applications including chem/biosensing and antiviral delivery.
Non‐Traditional Positively‐Biased Narrow‐Band Perovskite Single‐Crystal Photodetectors Enabled by Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Li Junchi , Chen Yifu , Zhang Bin , Li Jia , Uddin Zaheen , Jiang Xinan , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang , Yuan Yongbo , Stathatos Elias , Xiao Hanning , Pan Anlian , Liu Yi , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe positive bias in theory narrows down the depletion region and thus results in significant charge injection, which should be detrimental to charge generation and collection performance for traditional photodetectors. Here, instead, it is found that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is increased by more than 50 times when the photodetector is positively biased. A positive bias of +6 V drives ion migration of Br− and Cs+ towards the anode and cathode, respectively, leading to self‐doping within bulk single crystals to form an advantageous p‐i‐n junction for better charge collection in the devices. Meanwhile, the injected holes are allowed to tunnel through the cesium lead bromide/fullerene interface to reach the cathode which also significantly contributes to the enhancement of EQE in the forward‐biased devices. The positively‐biased narrow‐band (full width at half maxima (FWHM) = 16 nm) photodetectors exhibit a specific detectivity of 6.5 × 1010 Jones at 550 nm, along with the −3 dB cutoff frequency of 2776 Hz. By manipulating charge injection and ion migration using interfacial engineering, a class of non‐traditional, positively‐biased, and highly narrow‐band photodetectors is demonstrated, which offers an alternative design strategy for imaging, biosensing, automatic control, and optical communication.
Tuning Hyrbrid Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Stacks for Low Power FeFET and FeRAM Applications by Using Laminated HSO and HZO films
Authors: Ali Tarek , Lehninger David , Lederer Maximilian , Li Songrui , Kühnel Kati , Mart Clemens , Mertens Konstantin , Hoffmann Raik , Olivo Ricardo , Emara Jennifer , Biedermann Kati , Metzger Joachim , Binder Robert , Czernohorsky Malte , Kämpfe Thomas , Müller Johannes , Seidel Konrad , Eng Lukas M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe properties of hybrid ferroelectric (FE) and antiFE (AFE) films integrated in a single capacitor stack is reported. The stack lamination (4 × 5 nm) or (2 × 10 nm) using an Alumina (Al2O3) interlayer, material type (Si‐doped HfO2 (HSO) and Zr doped HfO2 (HZO)), precursor condition (TEMA‐Hf and Hf/ZrCl4), or dopant concentration (Si and Zr) are investigated for laminate stack properties. Optimized FE properties (higher 2Pr and a lower fraction of the monoclinic phase) are observed at (2 × 10 nm) laminates compared to a single 20 nm film thickness. The hybrid laminate stack as FE‐FE, AFE‐FE, DE‐FE, or DE‐AFE using (2 × 10 nm) based laminates are explored in terms of the output FE hysteresis (2Pr, 2Ec) and structural properties by X‐ray diffraction. The hybrid AFE‐FE stack shows the potential of tailoring the output FE hysteresis 2Ec by varying the fraction of the AFE phase. The hybrid AFE‐FE stack is studied for the HSO and HZO materials at optimal FE content for the first laminate layer while varying the Si or Zr content to stabilize different degrees of an AFE phase in the second laminate layer. The superposition of the hybrid AFE‐FE hysteresis shows a systematic 2Ec control. A model is developed to describe the tailored output FE hysteresis via the tuning of a hybrid AFE‐FE stack. The role of stack lamination at hybrid‐stabilized phases inside a single stack is explored with the aim for a controlled and optimized FE hysteresis shape toward a low power (2Ec) operation.
High‐Entropy Sulfides as Electrode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Ling , Wang Kai , Sarkar Abhishek , Njel Christian , Karkera Guruprakash , Wang Qingsong , Azmi Raheleh , Fichtner Maximilian , Hahn Horst , Schweidler Simon , Breitung Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy sulfides (HESs) containing 5 equiatomic transition metals (M), with different M:S ratios, are prepared by a facile one‐step mechanochemical approach. Two new types of single‐phase HESs with pyrite (Pa‐3) and orthorhombic (Pnma) structures are obtained and demonstrate a homogeneously mixed solid solution. The straightforward synthesis method can easily tune the desired metal to sulfur ratio for HESs with different stoichiometries, by utilizing the respective metal sulfides, even pure metals, and sulfur as precursor chemicals. The structural details and solid solution nature of HESs are studied by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Since transition metal sulfides are a very versatile material class, here the application of HESs is presented as electrode materials for reversible electrochemical energy storage, in which the HESs show high specific capacities and excellent rate capabilities in secondary Li‐ion batteries.
Electrolytes/Interphases: Enabling Distinguishable Sulfur Redox Processes in Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Lai Wei‐Hong , Lei Yaojie , Yang Huiling , Wang Nana , Chou Shulei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Wang Yun‐Xiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSodium and sulfur offer a promising application in rechargeable batteries due to their low cost, abundant resources and high energy density. Room‐temperature (RT) Na–S batteries have been proposed by paring S cathodes with Na anodes in non‐aqueous liquid electrolytes. Over decades, researchers have mainly focussed on the development of superior electrodes by nano‐engineering efficient S cathodes and stable Na anodes. These studies have effectively improved the electrochemical performance of RT Na–S batteries, validating their bright prospects as stationary energy storage devices for the modern renewable energy trajectory. In comparison, the research on electrolytes receives much less attention, and there is a lack of understanding regarding the impacts of different electrolytes on electrode interfaces and overall battery mechanisms. In this review, multiple‐kinds of electrolytes and the interfaces between electrolytes and electrodes in RT Na–S batteries are comprehensively discussed. Challenges and recent progress are presented in terms of the sulfur electrochemical mechanisms: The solid‐solid and solid‐liquid conversions. With the presentation of the S redox mechanism, future prospects of electrolyte optimizations, cathode, and anode as well as interfacial improvement are systematically discussed.
Continuous Oxygen Vacancy Gradient in TiO2 Photoelectrodes by a Photoelectrochemical‐Driven “Self‐Purification” Process
Authors: Kim Kwang Hee , Choi Chang‐Won , Choung Seokhyun , Cho Yoonjun , Kim Sungsoon , Oh Cheoulwoo , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Zhang Kan , Han Jeong Woo , Choi Si‐Young , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxygen vacancies have been treated as an important material engineering tool to enhance catalytic performance; for instance, oxygen vacancies suppress charge recombination at the Schottky interface, and thus, the photocurrent can be improved. In this regard, the gradient distribution of oxygen vacancies in n‐type metal oxides produces the ideal band structure for minimizing e−/h+ recombination by efficient hole extraction; however, its achievement remains a daunting challenge. Here, a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐driven “self‐purification” process is suggested, which can effectively generate a gradient distribution of oxygen vacancies in the thickness range of ≈9.5 nm. As a result, a charge transport efficiency of >95% can be achieved by efficient hole migration from the photoanode to the electrolyte. This unique protocol is expected to provide an advanced metal oxide photocatalyst and photoelectrochemical electrode that exhibit superior photocatalytic performance with enhanced charge separation.
Deep learning does not replace Bayesian modeling: Comparing research use via citation counting
Authors: Baldwin Breck 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne could be excused for assuming that deep learning had or will soon usurp all credible work in reasoning, artificial intelligence, and statistics, but like most “meme” class broad generalizations the concept does not hold up to scrutiny. Memes do not generally matter since the experts will always know better; but in the case of Bayesian software like Stan and PyMC3, even their developers and advocates bemoan the apparent dominance of deep learning as manifested in popular culture, breathtaking performance, and most problematically from funding agency peer review that impacts our ability to further advance the field. The facts, however, do not support the assumed dominance of deep learning in science upon closer examination. This letter simply makes the argument by the crudest of possible metrics, citation count, that once the discipline of Computer Science is subtracted, Bayesian software accounts for nearly a third of research citations. Stan and PyMC3 dominate some fields, PyTorch, Keras, and TensorFlow dominate others with lot of variations in between. Bayesian and deep‐learning approaches are related but very different technologies in goals, implementation, and applicability with little actual overlap‐‐so this is not a surprise. For example, deep learning cannot bring the explainability of applied math/statistics and Bayesian methods do not scale to deep‐learning data sets. While deep‐learning behemoths like Facebook and Google use and support Bayesian efforts, the Bayesian packages scientists actually use are academic/volunteer efforts punching far above their weight class, and they need financial support. It would behoove funders to fully understand the impact and role of Bayesian methods in resource allocation.
Annulation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: The Versatile Chemical Compounds
Authors: Fathi Vavsari Vaezeh , Nikbakht Ali , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2‐Alkynylanilines as versatile building blocks have been widely applied for the construction of nitrogen atom‐containing heterocycles in organic synthesis. The focus of this review is on the application of 2‐alkynylaniline and its derivatives in the metal‐catalyzed or metal‐free synthesis of various heterocycles including indoles, oxindoles, indazoles, benzisoxazoles, quinolines, benzoxazines, benzothiazines, quinazolines, cinnolines, and seven‐ and eight‐membered heterocycles.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO by In Situ Formation of a Hybrid Catalytic System Based on Molecular Iron Quaterpyridine Covalently Linked to Carbon Nitride
Authors: Wei Yue , Chen Lingjing , Chen Huan , Cai Lirong , Tan Guiping , Qiu Yongfu , Xiang Quanjun , Chen Gui , Lau Tai‐Chu , Robert Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEfficient and selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction was obtained within a hybrid system that is formed in situ via a Schiff base condensation between a molecular iron quaterpyridine complex bearing an aldehyde function and carbon nitride. Irradiation (blue LED) of an CH3CN solution containing 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (BIH), triethylamine (TEA), Feqpy‐BA (qpy‐BA=4‐([2,2′:6′,2′′:6′′,2′′′‐quaterpyridin]‐4‐yl)benzaldehyde) and C3N4 resulted in CO evolution with a turnover number of 2554 and 95 % selectivity. This hybrid catalytic system unlocks covalent linkage of molecular catalysts with semiconductor photosensitizers via Schiff base reaction for high‐efficiency photocatalytic reduction of CO2, opening a pathway for diverse photocatalysis.
Recent progress in catalytic acyloxylation of C(sp3)‐H bonds
Authors: Antonov Artem A. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerewith, recent progress in the transition metal catalyzed, as well as metal‐free and electrochemical selective acyloxylations of C(sp3)‐H bonds is surveyed. The corresponding modifications of different substrate types such as amines, amides, oximes, aminoacids, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, olefins, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, and acetals are covered, focusing on their synthetic potential. Correlations between the nature of the catalyst, oxidant, additives, conditions, and the acyloxylation regio‐ and chemoselectivity, are revealed, and available mechanistic details are discussed briefly. The time span of the review is 2015 to present time.