bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cherry, Broad Spectrum Control with Insecticides, All Season Test, 1990
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature sweet cherry trees in Douglas, MI at a rate of 100 gpa (200 gpa at bloom application) with a FMC 3000 CP airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of all materials were made as indicated in the table on 1 May (Bloom), 9 May (PF), 20 May (1C), and 31 May (2C). Funginex and Rovral were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations on 12 Jun were made by examining 100 cherries per replicate for plum curculio stings for a total of 400 cherries per treatment.
Trials of Nonconventional Insecticides for Control of the Eastern Grape Leafhopper, 1990
Authors: Martinson Timothy E. , Dennehy Timoth. , Kamas Jame. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five materials acceptable to “organic” growers were compared with the standard treatment of carbaryl. Trials were carried out in 2 mature ‘Concord’ Vineyards, one in Fredonia, NY, on Lake Erie, and one in Penn Yan, NY, in the Finger Lakes region. At both vineyards, the rows were 9 ft apart with the vines set at 8 ft within the row. Each treatment consisted of 1 vine, and was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, where each row was a block. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer (Solo 425; Solo, Inc. Newport News, VA) equipped with a pressure gauge, with the pressure maintained at 30 psi. Two control treatments were used: Water only was applied in one treatment and no spray was applied to the second treatment. Counts of EGLH nymphs on leaves 3-7 (numbered from basal node) were made on 3 shoots in each treatment at the time of treatment and again on the same shoots at 7 days post-treatment. Mean number of EGLH nymphs per shoot were calculated, and statistically separated using Fisher’s protected LSD test.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1991
Authors: Hall Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four acaricides were evaluated for control of PLSM on pecan. The study was conducted at the Pecan Research-Extension Station on 59-yr-old trees of the ‘Stuart’ cultivar. Trees having a past history of PLSM infestations were selected. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 blocks, with one tree per treatment per block. Pretreatment counts were made on 9 Aug. Application of foliar applied materials were made on 12 Aug using an FMC 957 speed sprayer calibrated to deliver 29 gal of finished spray per tree (261 gal/ acre). Posttreatment counts were made at 9 and 23 d after treatment (DAT). Sampling consisted of counting the number of PLSM and PLSM eggs on 10 pairs of leaflets per tree. Data were subjected to the appropriate statistical analysis.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1991
Authors: Eastman C. E. , Oloumi-Sadeghi H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse transplants were planted 30 May into plots 4 rows wide by 25 ft long, 15 plants/row, at the University of Illinois Vegetable Crops Farm, Champaign. Plots (including check) were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, with 1-2 additional untreated plots established on east and west borders of each block. Sprays were applied with 3 hollow cone nozzles (Conejet TXSS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi on 3, 18, and 26 Jul and on 1 Aug. Heavy rainfall the week of 8 Jul prevented a scheduled application. Two destructive samples (5 plants/plot on 6-8 Jul, and 4 plants/plot from replicates 1-3 only on 4-7 Aug). Quality ratings (Greene et al. 1969. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:798-800) of mature cabbage heads in replicates 1-3 (5 plants per plot) were determined 8 Aug.
Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly in Cantaloupe with Adjuvants, Endosulfan and Amitraz, 1991
Authors: Riley David G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cantaloupe was seeded into Sunshine Mix® potting mixture in 10 cm pots on 9 Apr in a greenhouse heavily infested with SPWF. Plants were transferred on 6 May into spray chambers (25 cm X 30 cm PVC cylinders) in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and-six replicates. Plants were irrigated daily using drip tubes to avoid wetting of foliage. Adults were counted on the second or third expanded leaf from the growing point 24 hours prior to treatment. Plants were sprayed to runoff (3 seconds/31 ml/plant, ca. 100 gal/acre) using a C02 backpack sprayer with two TX-4 hollow cone spray tips (Spraying Systems Co.) positioned 5 to 10 cm from the plant canopy (one above and one below) at 60 psi. Treatment applications were made on 7 and 13 May. Untreated plants were inter-spaced between treated plants for an added source of SPWF adult re-infestation. SPWF adults were counted on the second or third expanded leaf on treated plants at 24 and 72 hours after the first application and at 24 hours after the second application. Immature SPWF (including eggs and all stages of nymphs) were sampled on one 2.1 cm diameter leaf disk/plant and numbers were recorded by instar on the oldest of second oldest leaf at 72 hours after the first and second applications.
Lepidopterous Larvae Control on Collards, 1990
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were transplanted Mar, 1990, near Greenville, NC, using a row spacing of 42 inches. Single row plots, 20 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a C02 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18 X). Application rate was 80 gal/acre delivered at 60 psi, and Triton AG-98 or B-1956 spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 19, 28 Sep, 5, 15, 19, 30 Oct, and 6 Nov. Visual estimates of foliar damage and/or insect counts on 3 plants per plot were made before spraying on 28 Sep, 5, 15, 19, 30 Oct, 1, 6, and 14 Nov. All plots were inadvertently oversprayed by the grower with MVP (2 qt/acre) + SunSpray Oil (1 qt/acre) 23 and 28 Oct.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Head Cabbage, 1992
Authors: Marutani Mari , Lali T. S. , Muniappan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of K-K Cross cabbage were transplanted on 11 Jun in a soil classified as clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents in Yigo, Guam. A plot consisted of four 1.2 m rows with the length of 3.7 m. There were 8 plants per row. Three treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with back-pack sprayers on 22 and 28 Jul. Numbers of larvae and pupae/6 plants in two inner rows were recorded on 20, 22, 24, 27, 30 Jul, 5 and 6 Aug. Plants were harvested on 11 Aug. wt, width and length of 10 heads per replication were recorded.
Apple, Control of the Pandemis Leafroller with AC 303630 at the Pink Stage of Apple Bud Development, 1991
Authors: Brunner Jay F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AC 303630 was evaluated for control of overwintered PLR larvae. The test was conducted in a commercial orchard located near Wenatchee. Test trees were four-year-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The test design consisted of five-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied as handgun sprays at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 18 Apr, at the pink stage of fruit bud development. Pre-treatment evaluations (15 Apr) consisted of examining 25 growing points per tree (125 per replicate, 500 per treatment) and recording the number infested with live leafroller larvae. After treatment (26 Apr), each tree was examined and the number of active feeding sites (live leafroller larvae) was recorded. Weather during the test period was generally good, without significant rainfall.
Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides for Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Seedling Cauliflower, 1991
Authors: Rethwisch M. D. , McDaniel C. W. , Shaw M. , Thiessen J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were applied to cotyledon stage cauliflower on 12 Sep with a back pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 22.2 gal/acre at 25 psi with a single T-Jet 8002 VS nozzle. Treatments were made as a concentrated band over the plant row. Plots consisted of 50 ft of row on beds with 3.5 ft centers, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Adult SPWF were present and migrating through fields. Samples were collected 17, 26 Sep, and 10 Oct. Samples consisted of 5 plants/plot cut at ground level and placed in plastic bags and returned to the laboratory. Eggs and nymphs were counted on both cotyledons and leaves on 26 Sep, and on leaves only in all other samples. Plant size in leaf area from samples collected on 26 Sep and 10 Oct were obtained using a Li-Cor 3100 area meter.
Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1992
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Stevenson Susan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft. in length on 15 Jun ’92. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 25% silk on 4, 8, and 11 Aug. At harvest (21 Aug), 50 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for worm damage as fresh-market (clean ears, no damage evident), processing (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage), and culls (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All worms found within the husk or ear were identified. The soil type was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand.
Control of Onion Thrips on Dry Bulb Onions, 1992
Authors: Vaughn Ty T. , Hoy Casey W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Capable’ onions were seeded at the Muck Crops Branch of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Celeryville, OH, on 5 May. Plots were 3 rows wide on 20 inch centers, 15 ft long, and separated by 3 ft alleys. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied 27 Jul using a backpack sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle. The nematode application was delivered with 100 gal water/acre directed at the base of the leaves at 50 psi. Five plants from the center row of each plot were randomly selected and destructively sampled for thrips larvae and adults on 30 Jul, 3, 10, and 17 Aug.
Bell Pepper: European Corn Borer Control, 1991:
Authors: Ashley R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Lady Bell’ pepper plants were transplanted on 24 May in Storrs, Connecticut. Plots consisted of 11 plants, 1.5 ft apart, in a single row, with an untreated guard row on each side. Seven treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Rotenone, Dipel, Ryania and hydrated lime were applied on 28 Jul, 2, 11, 16, 23, 29 Aug, and 6 Sep. Orthene and Ambush were applied on alternate weeks beginning on 28 Jul. Hydrated lime was applied with a crank-style duster at 50 lb/acre immediately after wetting the foliage and fruit with water. Water and all other treatments were applied with a 3 gal CO2 backpack sprayer, operating at 25 psi and delivering 40 gal/acre. Plants were sprayed from the top and from each side, by hand with a single hollow cone nozzle. Fruit was harvested, counted, weighed, and opened to inspect for borer injury or infestation on 26 Jul, 2, 9, 16, 23, 29 Aug, 6, and 13 Sep.
Foliar Insect Control on Potato, Crookston, MN, 1992
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established on the Northwest Experiment Station where resistance has been demonstrated to all labeled classes of synthetic insecticides. B-size seed was planted 18 May in clay soils with adequate moisture. Individual plots were 4 rows, 1.1 m in width and 7.6 m in a length. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Granular materials (Disyston 15 G Thimet 20 G, and NTN 33893 2.5 G) were applied on 19 May. Broadcast foliars were applied on 10, 17, 24 Jul and 11 Aug. Low doses (0.013 kg Al/ha) of Karate 1 E were applied on 17 Jul and 11 Aug on Margosan O, M-Trak, Foil, Cryolite 96 W and Kryocide 96 W to prevent potato leafhopper from affecting yields. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested and weighed for yields.
Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1991
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 5 Sep, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 3, 20-ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 6, 9, 16, 24 Sep, 2, 7, 15, 21, 29 Oct, 6, 12, 19, 27 Nov and 24 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with #3 disks and 25° cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 50 gal/acre were applied the first six sprays (4 nozzles), 75 gal/acre the next three sprays (6 nozzles) and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles). The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of 20 stems from the middle row of each plot on 30 Dec. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoGV) transmitted by the whitefly. All fruit of marketable size was harvested on 21 Nov, 4 and 17 Dec and the fruit was counted and weighed.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1992
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against PLH. The experiments were conducted on the 2nd and 3rd alfalfa harvests at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Forty small 40 ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replications. In the first experiment, PLH densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch diam insect beating net on 22 Jun. All treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 25 Jun. Alfalfa height at spraying was 4-6 inches. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 29 Jun and 2, 9, and 20 Jul (4, 7, 14, and 25 DAT). Sprays were applied in 26 gal of water per acre at 26 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 20 ft boom with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from a 75 ft2 swath taken from each plot on 22 Jul. Treatments in experiment 2 were similarly applied on 7 Aug. Leafhopper density was evaluated on 5 Aug before the foliar spray was applied. Sweep samples for leafhoppers were taken on 10, 13, 21, 27 Aug and 4 Sep (3, 6, 14, 20 and 28 DAT). Alfalfa yield was determined as in experiment 1 on 8 Sep.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1992
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of 1st generation European corn borer larvae. The test was planted in a lst-year corn field in the UK Spindletop Research Farm in Fayette County on 17 Apr as a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Individual plots consisted of 2 rows, 19 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. Counter 20 CR was applied as a T-band at planting, while M-Peril 5 G and Lorsban 15 G granules were applied in a band over the whorl stage corn using a Gandy applicator driven by electric motor and mounted on a high-clearance tractor. Liquid insecticides were applied using high-clearance tractor sprayer at 40 psi and 26 gal finished spray per acre, except for Penncap-M and TD-2328-01 which were applied with 16 gal finished spray pre acre. All insecticide applications, with the exception of Counter 20 CR were made on 11 Jun. Ten stalks per plot were destructively sampled and the number of European corn borers recorded on 18 Jun. Ten stalks were removed from each plot, split and the numbers of European corn borer tunnels recorded on 13-14 Jul. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means were compared to the control by LSD (SAS Institute).
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1992
Authors: Witkowski John F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 31 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Single row plots were 16.6 m in length. Granular insecticides were applied with cone belt distributors mounted on a Halm Hi-boy. Application date was Jul 2. Three days prior to insecticide application 6 black headed ECB egg masses were infested in marked plants for later evaluation. On Jul 29, 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Efficacy of Selected Pyrethroids and Pyrethroid-Ov1Cide Combinations Against Bollworm and European Corn Borer in Southern North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 15 May in a Marlboro sandy loam soil in Laurinburg, NC. Recommended agronomic practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik used at planting for thrips. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates and 6-row (40 inch centers) x 45 ft plots with 10 ft alleys were utilized. Treatments were applied with a backpack CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gal/acre total volume at 50 psi with one TX-8 Spraying Systems® nozzle per row. Applications were made on 28 Jul, 4 and 7 Aug and 6 Sep. One hundred squares and bolls per treatment (25/plot) were inspected for damage and live ECB and BW larvae 72 h after the 2nd and 3rd applications. European corn borer main stem tunnels were counted on 100 plants per treatment (25/plot) on 31 Aug. A final 100-boll sample was taken on 22 Sep and inspected for ECB and BW damage. Yield were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 1-row John Deere mechanical harvester.
Apple, Pyrellin Ec vs European Red Mite, 1992
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Kilmer S. J. , Warren J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pyrellin, Pyrellin + Omite 30 W, Omite 30 W and water were applied as airblast treatments to five year old ‘Ace Red Delicious’ apple trees. The young trees in this planting, widely spaced for experimental purposes (6.1 meters X 7.32 meters), were not mature size and consequently each received only .5 gal (1.89 liters) of the concentrate spray mixture. Two applications of the treatments were applied with a truck mounted Swanson D400 airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/A (76.62 liters/ha) to mature semi-dwarf MM 106 trees. Treatments were applied 18 Jun and 5 Jul. A randomized block design was used in this four treatment, five replicate experiment. Counts were made following the Henderson-McBurnie procedure of mite brushing. The sample size was 20 leaves/replicate/sample date.
Apple, Effects of Insect Growth Regulators on Stethorus Punctum, 1992
Authors: Biddinger David J. , Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 2 tree plots each consisting of a ‘Golden Delicious’ and a ‘Rome Beauty’ tree that were replicated 4 times. Treatments were blocked according to a precount of the ERM population on ‘Golden Delicious’ trees on 10 Jul. These trees were planted 24 x 30 ft apart and were 30 years old. Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a handgun to thoroughly wet the trees. Approximately 6 gals of spray were applied per tree (400 gal/A). All treatments were applied at 14 day intervals on 13 and 28 Jul, and 11 and 25 Aug. During the season, regular maintenance fungicides of Benlate, Captan, Penncozeb, Rubigan were applied to all plots. Maintenance insecticides were applied on 8 Jun for aphids (Swat 8EC 1 pt/100 gal) and on 24 Jun (Penncap-M 2F 1 pt/100 gal + Asana XL 0.66EC 0.5 oz/100 gal) for tufted apple budmoth control and to stimulate ERM populations. ERM populations were evaluated weekly by counting mites on 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment from the ‘Golden Delicious’ trees only. Effect of treatments on SP was evaluated on the ‘Golden Delicious’ trees by separate 3 min counts of adult, larval and pupal stages around the periphery of the tree. Only pupae that had not yet eclosed were counted. Pupal mortality was evaluated by bringing into the lab approximately 200 non-eclosed pupae from the ‘Rome Beauty’ trees of each treatment on 28 Aug. These pupae were checked for eclosion or mortality every 2-3 days for 10 days. Each pupa from each treatment, regardless of the collection tree, was considered a replicate for analysis.
Apple, Early Season Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1992
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Douglas, MI (‘C’ Block) at a rate of 100 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 airblast spray. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Application of materials was made as indicated in the table, on 16 Apr (dormant), 30 Apr (1/2 Green) and 12 May (pink). NTN 33893 2.5 G was applied with a shaker to the soil around the perimeter of the tree. Application rate was on a per tree basis. NTN 33893 5% RTU was applied with a 100 CC syringe to the trunk of the tree. The application rate was on a per tree basis. Dithane, Streptomycin, Captan, and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. At the evaluations on 14, 21 and 29 May, 4 and 11 Jun 100 terminals per replicate (400 per treatment) were randomly selected and rated for presence or absence of RAA. A leafhopper evaluation was made on 23 Jul by randomly selecting 50 terminals per tree (200 per treatment) and counting terminals infested with motile forms of PLH and WALH.
Pear, Agri-Mek Timing Evaluation, 1992
Authors: VanBuskirk Philip , Hilton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test orchard consisted of mature ‘Bosc’ pear trees planted on a 7.6 m by 7.6 m spacing. Treatments were applied; 14 Apr (petal fall), 5 May (1st cover), and 9 Jun (2nd cover) to four single tree replicates in a randomized block design. All applications were applied to runoff using an FMC Bean handgun sprayer operating at 300 psi. Additional sprays applied to the entire orchard during the trial were Imidan 50% WP 5.6 kg/ha applied 8 May, 2 Jun, and 2 Jul. Treatments were evaluated biweekly. Samples collected prior to 27 Apr consisted of fruiting spur leaves, and all other samples were made be collecting 15 leaves at random from the tree centers and 15 leaves from the middle of 15 terminal shoots. Arthropods were removed from leaves using a mite brushing machine and PP eggs and nymphs, and TSSM egg and post-egg stages counted with the aid of a dissecting microscope.