bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the impact of the Îlot Tison weir on bedload transport of the Clain River (Poitiers, France) using BASEMENT software
Authors: Beaudoin Anthony 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of numerical morphodynamic models predict the evolution of bed configuration over a wide spectrum of spatial and temporal scales due to the development of advanced numerical methods and increased computational power. The increasing use of numerical morphodynamic models is closely related to the growing availability of high‐resolution river data sets. Today, the main difficulty in using numerical morphodynamic models is that they are used by nonspecialists modellers or modellers that are not morphodynamics specialists, which can lead to errors. These errors include inadequate parameterization of processes for applications at larger spatial and temporal scales, confusion between physical and numerical phenomena when interpreting numerical results, and the assumption that there is a need for a huge volume of data for developing numerical morphodynamic models. The present work aims to achieve two objectives. To avoid these errors, the first objective is to outline the steps in the development of numerical morphodynamic models. The development of numerical morphodynamic models is now possible with public databases. The second objective is to show the effectiveness of BASEMENT to study the impact of existing and future structures on the river hydrodynamics and bedload transport using case study examples.
Urban water security for developing countries
Authors: Biswas Asit K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPopulations in urban centers of developing countries have increased very significantly during the post‐1960 period, primarily due to urbanization. Rates of population growth during this period simply overwhelmed their financial, institutional, and technical capacities to manage all types of basic services, including the provision of clean water and proper wastewater management. Surprisingly, issues of access to clean water and sanitation at major international forums of very senior policymakers were first raised during the United Nations Conference, in Vancouver, in 1976. It recommended that everyone should have access to clean water by 1990. Subsequently, Millennium Development Goals set the target that, by 2015, the number of people not having access to clean water should be reduced by half, compared to 1990. The United Nations claimed that this target was met in 2010. However, this is not true. Thereafter, the Sustainable Development Goals stipulated that everyone should have access to clean water by 2030. Current developments indicate that this goal is highly unlikely to be reached. This paper objectively reviews the progress of urban water security in developing countries from the post‐1960 period, analyses why international targets were missed in the past, and what can be done to ensure urban water security in developing countries in the future.
COVID‐19 related distress and sleep health among trauma‐exposed South Asians: Does generational status matter?
Authors: Almeida Isamar M. , Slavish Danica C. , Rafiuddin Hanan S. , Contractor Ateka A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in substantial changes in individual and socio‐economic factors that may negatively impact sleep health. We examined associations between COVID‐19 related distress and sleep among trauma‐exposed South Asian adults in the United States. Since a health advantage among foreign‐born individuals has been previously noted in the literature (the ‘immigrant paradox’), we also explored if generational status (number of generations one's family has been in the U.S.) moderated associations between COVID‐19 related distress and sleep health. Participants were 196 trauma‐exposed South Asian adults residing in the U.S. (54% male, 63% U.S.‐born citizens, average age = 34.51 years), who completed measures of generational status, COVID‐19 related distress, trauma exposure, sleep‐related impairment (SRI), and sleep disturbances. Greater COVID‐19 distress was associated with more sleep disturbances (b = 0.15, p < 0.001) and SRI (b = 0.24, p < 0.001). Generational status was not associated with sleep, nor did it modify associations between COVID‐19 distress and sleep. Findings highlight the potential importance of developing interventions to reduce stress and sleep difficulties during the pandemic. Our results did not support the immigration paradox. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of generational status on sleep health across immigrant subgroups.
Gecko Adhesion on Flat and Rough Surfaces: Simulations with a Multi‐Scale Molecular Model
Authors: Materzok Tobias , De Boer Danna , Gorb Stanislav , Müller‐Plathe Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA multiscale modeling approach is used to develop a particle‐based mesoscale gecko spatula model that is able to link atomistic simulations and mesoscale (0.44 µm) simulations. It is used to study the detachment of spatulae from flat as well as nanostructured surfaces. The spatula model is based on microscopical information about spatulae structure and on atomistic molecular simulation results. Target properties for the coarse‐graining result from a united‐atom model of gecko keratin in periodic boundary conditions (PBC), previously developed by the authors. Pull‐off forces necessary to detach gecko keratin under 2D PBC parallel to the surface are previously overestimated when only a small region of a spatula is examined. It is shown here that this is due to the restricted geometry (i.e., missing peel‐off mode) and not model parameters. The spatula model peels off when pulled away from a surface, both in the molecular picture of the pull‐off process and in the force‐extension curve of non‐equilibrium simulations mimicking single‐spatula detachment studied with atomic force microscopy equipment. The force field and spatula model can reproduce experimental pull‐off forces. Inspired by experimental results, the underlying mechanism that causes pull‐off forces to be at a minimum on surfaces of varying roughnesses is also investigated. A clear sigmoidal increase in the pull‐off force of spatulae with surface roughness shows that adhesion is determined by the ratio between spatula pad area and the area between surface peaks. Experiments showed a correlation with root‐mean‐square roughness of the surface, but the results of this work indicate that this is not a causality but depends on the area accessible.
Model‐based generation of test scripts across product variants: An experience report from the railway industry
Authors: Bucaioni Alessio , Di Silvestro Fabio , Singh Inderjeet , Saadatmand Mehrdad , Muccini Henry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoftware product line engineering emerged as an effective approach for the development of families of software‐intensive systems in several industries. Although its use has been widely discussed and researched, there are still several open challenges for its industrial adoption and application. One of these is how to efficiently develop and reuse shared software artifacts, which have dependencies on the underlying electrical and hardware systems of products in a family. In this work, we report on our experience in tackling such a challenge in the railway industry and present a model‐based approach for the automatic generation of test scripts for product variants in software product lines. The proposed approach is the result of an effort leveraging the experiences and results from the technology transfer activities with our industrial partner Alstom SA in Sweden. We applied and evaluated the proposed approach on the Aventra software product line from Alstom SA. The evaluation showed that the proposed approach mitigates the development effort, development time, and consistency drawbacks associated with the traditional, manual creation of test scripts. We performed an online survey involving 37 engineers from Alstom SA for collecting feedback on the approach. The result of the survey further confirms the aforementioned benefits.
PAC Statistical Model Checking of Mean Payoff in Discrete- and Continuous-Time MDP
Authors: Agarwal Chaitanya , Guha Shibashis , Křetínský Jan , Muruganandham Pazhamalai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarkov decision processes (MDP) and continuous-time MDP (CTMDP) are the fundamental models for non-deterministic systems with probabilistic uncertainty. Mean payoff (a.k.a. long-run average reward) is one of the most classic objectives considered in their context. We provide the first algorithm to compute mean payoff probably approximately correctly in unknown MDP; further, we extend it to unknown CTMDP. We do not require any knowledge of the state space, only a lower bound on the minimum transition probability, which has been advocated in literature. In addition to providing probably approximately correct (PAC) bounds for our algorithm, we also demonstrate its practical nature by running experiments on standard benchmarks.
Verifying Fairness in Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Guan Ji , Fang Wang , Ying Mingsheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the beyond-classical capability of quantum computing, quantum machine learning is applied independently or embedded in classical models for decision making, especially in the field of finance. Fairness and other ethical issues are often one of the main concerns in decision making. In this work, we define a formal framework for the fairness verification and analysis of quantum machine learning decision models, where we adopt one of the most popular notions of fairness in the literature based on the intuition—any two similar individuals must be treated similarly and are thus unbiased. We show that quantum noise can improve fairness and develop an algorithm to check whether a (noisy) quantum machine learning model is fair. In particular, this algorithm can find bias kernels of quantum data (encoding individuals) during checking. These bias kernels generate infinitely many bias pairs for investigating the unfairness of the model. Our algorithm is designed based on a highly efficient data structure—Tensor Networks—and implemented on Google’s TensorFlow Quantum. The utility and effectiveness of our algorithm are confirmed by the experimental results, including income prediction and credit scoring on real-world data, for a class of random (noisy) quantum decision models with 27 qubits ($$2^{27}$$227-dimensional state space) tripling ($$2^{18}$$218times more than) that of the state-of-the-art algorithms for verifying quantum machine learning models.
Entanglement entropy of gravitational edge modes
Authors: David Justin R. , Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider the linearised graviton in 4d Minkowski space and decompose it into tensor spherical harmonics and fix the gauge. The Gauss law of gravity implies that certain radial components of the Riemann tensor of the graviton on the sphere labels the superselection sectors for the graviton. We show that among these 6 normal components of the Riemann tensor, 2 are related locally to the algebra of gauge-invariant operators in the sphere. From the two-point function of these components of the Riemann tensor on S2 we compute the logarithmic coefficient of the entanglement entropy of these superselection sectors across a spherical entangling surface. For sectors labelled by each of the two components of the Riemann tensor these coefficients are equal and their total contribution is given by $$ -\frac{16}{3} $$
−

16
3

. We observe that this coefficient coincides with that extracted from the edge partition function of the massless spin-2 field on the 4-sphere when written in terms of its Harish-Chandra character. As a preliminary step, we also evaluate the logarithmic coefficient of the entanglement entropy from the superselection sectors labelled by the radial component of the electric field of the U(1) theory in even d dimensions. We show that this agrees with the corresponding coefficient of the edge Harish-Chandra character of the massless spin-1 field on Sd.
Axion anomalies
Authors: Adshead Peter , Lozanov Kaloian D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study fermions derivatively coupled to axion-like or pseudoscalar fields, and show that the axial vector current of the fermions is not conserved in the limit where the fermion is massless. This apparent violation of the classical chiral symmetry is due to the background axion field. We compute the contributions to this anomalous Ward identity due to the pseudoscalar field alone, which arise in Minkowski space, as well as the effects due to an interaction with an external gravitational field. For the case of massless fermions, these interactions induce terms in the axion effective action that can be removed by the addition of local counterterms. We demonstrate that these counterterms are generated by the transformation of the path integral measure when transforming the theory from a form where the chiral symmetry is manifest to one where the symmetry is only apparent after using the classical equations of motion. We work perturbatively in Minkowski space and include the effects of interactions with a linearized gravitational field. Using the heat kernel method, we study the transformation properties of the path integral measure, and include the effects of non-linear gravity as well as interactions with gauge fields. Finally, we verify our relation by considering derivatively coupled fermions during pseudoscalar-driven inflation and computing the divergence of the axial current in de Sitter spacetime.
Risk management patterns in radiation oncology—results of a national survey within the framework of the Patient Safety in German Radiation Oncology (PaSaGeRO) project
Authors: Baehr Andrea , Hummel Daniel , Gauer Tobias , Oertel Michael , Kittel Christopher , Löser Anastassia , Todorovic Manuel , Petersen Cordula , Krüll Andreas , Buchgeister Markus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Risk management (RM) is a key component of patient safety in radiation oncology (RO). We investigated current approaches on RM in German RO within the framework of the Patient Safety in German Radiation Oncology (PaSaGeRO) project. Aim was not only to evaluate a status quo of RM purposes but furthermore to discover challenges for sustainable RM that should be addressed in future research and recommendations.

Methods
An online survey was conducted from June to August 2021, consisting of 18 items on prospective and reactive RM, protagonists of RM, and self-assessment concerning RM. The survey was designed using LimeSurvey and invitations were sent by e‑mail. Answers were requested once per institution.

Results
In all, 48 completed questionnaires from university hospitals, general and non-academic hospitals, and private practices were received and considered for evaluation. Prospective and reactive RM was commonly conducted within interprofessional teams; 88% of all institutions performed prospective risk analyses. Most institutions (71%) reported incidents or near-events using multiple reporting systems. Results were presented to the team in 71% for prospective analyses and 85% for analyses of incidents. Risk conferences take place in 46% of institutions. 42% nominated a manager/committee for RM. Knowledge concerning RM was mostly rated “satisfying” (44%). However, 65% of all institutions require more information about RM by professional societies.

Conclusion
Our results revealed heterogeneous patterns of RM in RO departments, although most departments adhered to common recommendations. Identified mismatches between recommendations and implementation of RM provide baseline data for future research and support definition of teaching content.
Sinus tympani revisited for planning retrofacial approach—radiologic study in pneumatized temporal bones and its surgical implications
Authors: Wojciechowski Tomasz , Bartoszewicz Robert , Szopiński Kazimierz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Retrofacial approach (RFA) is an access route to sinus tympani (ST) and it is used in cholesteatoma surgery, especially when type C ST is encountered. It may also be used to gain an access to stapedius muscle to assess the evoked stapedius reflex threshold. The primary object of this study was to evaluate the morphology of sinus tympani and its relationship to facial nerve (FN) and posterior semicircular canal (PSC) in context of planning retrofacial approach in pneumatized temporal bones.

Methods
CBCT of 130 adults were reviewed. The type of sinus tympani was assessed according to Marchioni's classification. Width of entrance to sinus tympani (STW), depth of ST (STD), distance between the posterior semicircular canal and facial nerve (F-PSC), distance between the latter plane to the floor of ST at the right angle (P-ST) were measured at level of round window (RW) and pyramidal ridge (PR).

Results
All of the bones were well-aerated and classified in Dexian Tan pneumatization group 3 or 4. Type B of ST is dominant (70.8%) in adult population with no history of inflammatory otologic diseases, followed by type C (22.7%) and then type A (6.5%). The depth of ST (STD) presented significant deviations (ANOVA, p < 0.05) among all three types. STW reaches greater values on the level of PR. F-PSC does not correlate with type of ST. In over 75% of examined type C sinus tympani the distance P-ST was less than 1 mm.

Conclusions
The qualitative classification of the sinus tympani into types A, B and C, introduced by Marchioni is justified by statistically significant differences of depth between individual types of tympanic sinuses. The STW distance reaches greater values inferiorly—it may suggest that RFA should be performed in infero-superior manner rather than opposite direction. Preoperative assessment of temporal bones CT scans gives very important information about size of sinus tympani and distance between FN and PSC.
Treatment options of metastatic and nonmetastatic VIPoma: a review
Authors: Azizian Azadeh , König Alexander , Ghadimi Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
VIPoma belongs to the group of neuroendocrine neoplasms. These tumours are located mostly in the pancreas and produce high levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In most cases, a metastatic state has already been reached at the initial diagnosis, with high levels of VIP leading to a wide spectrum of presenting symptoms. These symptoms include intense diarrhoea and subsequent hypopotassaemia but also cardiac complications, with life-threatening consequences. Treatment options include symptomatic therapy, systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as radiation and surgery. Due to the low incidence of VIPoma, there are no prospective studies or evidence-based therapeutic standards to date.

Methods
To evaluate the possible impact of different therapy strategies, we performed literature research using PubMed.

Results
All possible treatment modalities for VIPoma have at least one of two therapy goals: antisecretory effects (symptom control) and antitumoural effects (tumour burden reduction). Symptomatic therapy is the most important in the emergency setting to rehydrate, balance electrolytes and stabilise the patient. Symptomatic therapy is also of great importance perioperatively. Somatostatin analogues play a major role in symptom control, although their efficiency is often limited. Chemotherapy may be effective in reaching stable disease for a certain time period, although its impact on symptom control is limited and often delayed. Among targeted therapy options, the usage of sunitinib appears to be the most effective in terms of symptom control and showing antitumoural effects at the same time. Experience with radiation is still limited; however, local ablative procedures seem to be promising options. Peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues (SSAs, 177Lu-DOTATATE) offers a targeted approach, especially in patients with high somatostatin receptor density. Surgery is the first-line therapy for nonmetastatic VIPoma. Additionally, if the resection of all visible tumour lesions is possible, the surgical approach seems preferable to other strategies in highly symptomatic patients. The role of surgery in very advanced stages where only tumour debulking is possible remains debatable. However, a high rate of immediate symptom control can be achieved by tumour debulking followed by somatostatin therapy, although the impact on survival remains unclear.

Conclusion
Surgery is the only curative option for nonmetastatic VIPoma. Additionally, surgery should be a first-line therapy option for highly symptomatic patients, especially if the resection of all tumour lesions (primary tumour and metastasis) is achievable. In frail patients, other modalities can be used.
Sexual health and wellbeing among female pelvic cancer survivors following individualized interventions in a nurse-led clinic
Authors: Åkeflo Linda , Dunberger Gail , Elmerstig Eva , Skokic Viktor , Steineck Gunnar , Bergmark Karin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment-induced sexual and intestinal dysfunctions coexist among women after pelvic radiotherapy. We aimed to explore if sexual health and wellbeing may be improved after radiotherapy following nurse-led interventions and if an association exists between improved intestinal health and sexual health.

Methods
A population-based cohort of women treated with pelvic radiotherapy underwent interventions at a nurse-led clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, from 2011 to 2017. Self-reported questionnaires were used, pre- and post-intervention, to compare self-reported changes in sexual health and wellbeing. A regression model was performed to explore the association between intestinal and wellbeing variables.

Results
Among the 260 female pelvic cancer survivors included in the study, more women reported increased than decreased satisfaction with overall sexual health post-intervention (26.0% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.035). They also reported significantly reduced superficial genital pain (25.8% vs. 13.1%, p ≤ 0.025), reduced deep genital pain (23.1% vs. 8.0%, p ≤ 0.001), increased QoL (42.7% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.001), and reduced levels of depression (43.1% vs. 28.0%, p = 0.003) or anxiety (45.9% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001) post-intervention. We found a significant association between reduced urgency to defecate and improved satisfaction with overall sexual health (RR 3.12, CI 1.27–7.68, p = 0.004) and between reduced urgency to defecate with fecal leakage and reduced anxious mode (RR 1.56, CI 1.04–2.33, p = 0.021).

Conclusion
Sexual health and wellbeing can be improved by interventions provided in a nurse-led clinic focusing on physical treatment-induced late effects. Further research to optimize treatment strategies in female pelvic cancer survivors is needed.