bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of multicomponent training and detraining on the fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty: results of a 10‐month quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Fernández‐García Ángel Iván , Gómez‐Cabello Alba , Gómez‐Bruton Alejandro , Moradell Ana , Navarrete‐Villanueva David , Pérez‐Gómez Jorge , González‐Gross Marcela , Ara Ignacio , Casajús José A. , Vicente‐Rodríguez Germán 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were (1) to analyse the effects of a 6‐month multicomponent training (MCT) on the physical fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty; (2) to study the consequences of a 4‐month detraining period; (3) to analyse the influence of frailty status on the training and detraining adaptations. A total of 102 robust, frail and prefrail older adults (80.1 ± 6.1 y) were divided into an intervention (TRAIN) and control group (CON). The TRAIN performed a 6‐month MCT, while the CON continued with their usual lifestyle. Fitness assessment was mainly based on the Senior Fitness Test. Four evaluations were carried out; at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 10 months from baseline. Linear mixed models were performed to analyse group by time interactions and to compare differences in changes within groups between different time points. After 6‐month MCT, TRAIN showed greater improvements for all fitness variables (group effects p < 0.05, except for flexibility) when compared to the CON. During the 4‐month detraining period, TRAIN significantly decreased their balance, upper‐limb flexibility and upper and lower‐limb strength (all p < 0.05). CON only decreased upper‐limb flexibility. When accounting for frailty status in the TRAIN, the frail‐prefrail showed lower adaptations to the training and were more affected by detraining than the robust. The presented MCT is a good strategy to improve fitness in this population, but its positive effects are limited in time. It is, therefore, critical to avoid detraining periods.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03831841.
Identifying priority areas for conservation in the lower Yellow River basin from an ecological network perspective
Authors: Kang Jieming , Li Chunlin , Li Meirui , Zhang Teng , Zhang Baolei 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Taking the lower Yellow River basin as the study area, this study aims to construct ecological networks to mitigate the negative impacts of rapid urbanization on the ecosystem. Ecological sources were identified based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), habitat quality and landscape connectivity. The ecological resistance surface was constructed and corrected by integrating natural and anthropogenic factors. The spatial range of ecological corridors and some of their key nodes were identified based on circuit theory. The ecological network (EN) was finally optimized using a similarity search and cost connectivity modules. The results show that the optimized ecological network structure is more stable than before. The EN includes 23 ecological sources with a total area of 5464.8 km
2
and 30 ecological corridor clusters with a total area of 2205.92 km
2
. Through the internal landscape heterogeneity of the corridor, 28 ecological node areas and 75 barrier areas were identified as key protection and restoration areas, with a total area of 78.44 km
2
and 372.79 km
2
, respectively. Through the construction and optimization of EN, this study identifies key areas for promoting ecological sustainability and provides a useful framework for coordinating regional ecological conservation and economic development.
The quadrupole moment of compact binaries to the fourth post-Newtonian order: from source to canonical moment
Authors: Blanchet Luc , Faye Guillaume , Larrouturou François 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As a crucial step towards the completion of the fourth post-Newtonian (4PN) gravitational-wave generation from compact binary systems, we obtain the expressions of the so-called ‘canonical’ multipole moments of the source in terms of the ‘source’ and ‘gauge’ moments. The canonical moments describe the propagation of gravitational waves outside the source’s near zone, while the source and gauge moments encode explicit information about the matter source. Those two descriptions, in terms of two sets of canonical moments or in terms of six sets of source and gauge moments, are isometric. We thus construct the non-linear diffeomorphism between them up to the third post-Minkowskian order, and we exhibit the concrete expression of the canonical mass-type quadrupole moment at the 4PN order. This computation is one of the last missing pieces for the determination of the gravitational-wave phasing of compact binary systems at 4PN order.
Temperature reconstruction of an axisymmetric enclosed reactive flow using simultaneous background oriented schlieren and infrared thermography
Authors: Wahls Benjamin H , Ekkad Srinath V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The temperature distribution of a premixed methane air flame running at a Reynolds number of 1300 on a circular burner, 12.7

mm

diameter, enclosed in a fused silica cylindrical liner has been experimentally reconstructed using a non-invasive approach combining background oriented schlieren (BOS) and infrared (IR) thermography. BOS is used to characterize both the air ambient to the system, using an existing technique called 3D ray tracing, and the reactive flow inside the enclosure, with a novel modified version of 3D ray tracing. IR thermography is used to characterize the thermal/optical characteristics of the quartz glass enclosure itself, since the information is required as BOS is a line of sight imaging technique. Out of necessity, an approximated species independent relationship is used to calculate flow temperature from refractive index. A simulation is used to show this error is in the range of 5.8%–7%. Additionally, it is found that drastically simplifying the approach by removing the IR thermography system entirely and using the near outer wall air temperature from BOS/3D ray tracing to characterize the internal temperature of the quartz liner itself only causes a 1.5%–3.8% degradation in the accuracy of the reconstructed temperature field. The technique as presented is a relatively inexpensive, experimentally simple approach capable of determining the steady state temperature characteristics of optically accessible axisymmetric reactive flows.
Nanoscale visualization of metallic electrodeposition in a well-controlled chemical environment
Authors: Cheng Ningyan , Sun Hongyu , Beker Anne France , van Omme J Tijn , Svensson Emil , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Lee Hye Ryoung , Ge Binghui , Basak Shibabrata , Eichel Rüdiger A , Pivak Yevheniy , Xu Qiang , Hugo Pérez Garza H , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides a useful means to study a wide range of dynamics in solution with near-atomic spatial resolution and sub-microsecond temporal resolution. However, it is still a challenge to control the chemical environment (such as the flow of liquid, flow rate, and the liquid composition) in a liquid cell, and evaluate its effect on the various dynamic phenomena. In this work, we have systematically demonstrated the flow performance of an in situ liquid TEM system, which is based on ‘on-chip flow’ driven by external pressure pumps. We studied the effects of different chemical environments in the liquid cell as well as the electrochemical potential on the deposition and dissolution behavior of Cu crystals. The results show that uniform Cu deposition can be obtained at a higher liquid flow rate (1.38 μl min−1), while at a lower liquid flow rate (0.1 μl min−1), the growth of Cu dendrites was observed. Dendrite formation could be further promoted by in situ addition of foreign ions, such as phosphates. The generality of this technique was confirmed by studying Zn electrodeposition. Our direct observations not only provide new insights into understanding the nucleation and growth but also give guidelines for the design and synthesis of desired nanostructures for specific applications. Finally, the capability of controlling the chemical environment adds another dimension to the existing liquid phase TEM technique, extending the possibilities to study a wide range of dynamic phenomena in liquid media.
Enabling non-isocentric dynamic trajectory radiotherapy by integration of dynamic table translations
Authors: Guyer G , Mueller S , Koechli C , Frei D , Volken W , Bertholet J , Mackeprang P-H , Loebner H A , Aebersold D M , Manser P , Fix M K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study is to develop a treatment planning process (TPP) for non-isocentric dynamic trajectory radiotherapy (DTRT) using dynamic gantry rotation, collimator rotation, table rotation, longitudinal, vertical and lateral table translations and intensity modulation and to validate the dosimetric accuracy. Approach. The TPP consists of two steps. First, a path describing the dynamic gantry rotation, collimator rotation and dynamic table rotation and translations is determined. Second, an optimization of the intensity modulation along the path is performed. We demonstrate the TPP for three use cases. First, a non-isocentric DTRT plan for a brain case is compared to an isocentric DTRT plan in terms of dosimetric plan quality and delivery time. Second, a non-isocentric DTRT plan for a craniospinal irradiation (CSI) case is compared to a multi-isocentric intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan. Third, a non-isocentric DTRT plan for a bilateral breast case is compared to a multi-isocentric volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan. The non-isocentric DTRT plans are delivered on a TrueBeam in developer mode and their dosimetric accuracy is validated using radiochromic films. Main results. The non-isocentric DTRT plan for the brain case is similar in dosimetric plan quality and delivery time to the isocentric DTRT plan but is expected to reduce the risk of collisions. The DTRT plan for the CSI case shows similar dosimetric plan quality while reducing the delivery time by 45% in comparison with the IMRT plan. The DTRT plan for the breast case showed better treatment plan quality in comparison with the VMAT plan. The gamma passing rates between the measured and calculated dose distributions are higher than 95% for all three plans. Significance. The versatile benefits of non-isocentric DTRT are demonstrated with three use cases, namely reduction of collision risk, reduced setup and delivery time and improved dosimetric plan quality.
Tunable domino effect of thermomagnetic instabilities in superconducting films with multiply-connected topological structures
Authors: Jiang Lu , Xue Cun , Marinković Stefan , Fourneau E , Xu Tie-Quan , Cai Xin-Wei , Nguyen N D , Silhanek A V , Zhou You-He 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Topology is a crucial ingredient for understanding the physical properties of superconductors. Magnetic field crowds to adopt the form of topologically-protected quantum flux lines which can lose this property when moving at high velocities. These extreme conditions can be realized when superconductors undergo a thermomagnetic instability for which the sample topology come also into play. In this work, utilizing the magneto-optical imaging technique, we experimentally study magnetic flux avalanches in superconducting films with multiply-connected geometries, including single and double rings. We observe a domino effect in which avalanches triggered at the outer ring, stimulate avalanches at the inner ring thus impairing the expected magnetic shielding resulting from the outer ring and gap. We implement numerical simulations in order to gain more insight into the underlying physical mechanism and demonstrate that such event is not caused by the heat conduction, but mainly attributed to the local current distribution variation near the preceding flux avalanche in the outer ring, which in turn has a ripple effect on the local magnetic field profile in the gap. Furthermore, we find that the domino effect of thermomagnetic instabilities can be switched on/off by the environmental temperature and the gap width between the concentric rings. These findings provide new insights on the thermomagnetic instability in superconducting devices with complex topological structures, such as the superconductor–insulator–superconductor multilayer structures of superconducting radio-frequency cavities.
Conversion of the anomalous skin effect to the normal one in thin-film metallic microwave systems
Authors: Torkhov Nikolay A , Babak Leonid I , Budnyaev Vadim A , Kareva Katerina V , Novikov Vadim A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main morphology parameters of microstrip Au/i-GaAs coplanar microwave transmission lines (CTL) with length l

W
influenced on its skin depth resistance R wide of δ and inductivity L are defined at frequencies f > 10 GHz. Due to the sizes of Au grains formed CTL d

x
< 130 nm, surface roughness h ≥ 400 nm and fractal character of its lateral distribution in CTL plane, the features in electron scattering processes arise and lead to the formation of significant size effects in local approximation. Necessary condition l

ball
< d

x
≪ δ for transition from anomalous skin effect to normal skin effect start up owing to limited grain size d

x
≪ δ. Moreover, in local approximation nonlinear dependence of R from l

W
is provided by fractal geometry of relief and grain lateral distribution. Nonlinear dependence of L from l

W
is provided by not only fractal features of CTL two-dimensional surface but fractal features of three-dimensional Au grain distribution over skin depth wide.
Quench dynamics of noninteracting fermions with a delta impurity
Authors: Gouraud Gabriel , Le Doussal Pierre , Schehr Grégory 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of noninteracting fermions in one dimension and in continuum space, in the presence of a delta impurity potential at the origin whose strength g is varied at time t = 0. The system is prepared in its ground state with g = g
0 = +∞, with two different densities and Fermi wave-vectors k
L and k
R on the two half-spaces x > 0 and x < 0 respectively. It then evolves for t > 0 as an isolated system, with a finite impurity strength g. We compute exactly the time dependent density and current. For a fixed position x and in the large time limit t → ∞, the system reaches a non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS). We obtain analytically the correlation kernel, density, particle current, and energy current in the NESS, and characterize their relaxation, which is algebraic in time. In particular, in the NESS, we show that, away from the impurity, the particle density displays oscillations which are the non-equilibrium analog of the Friedel oscillations. In the regime of ‘rays’, x/t = ξ fixed with x, t → ∞, we compute the same quantities and observe the emergence of two light cones, associated to the Fermi velocities k
L and k
R in the initial state. Interestingly, we find non trivial quantum correlations between two opposite rays with velocities ξ and −ξ which we compute explicitly. We extend to a continuum setting and to a correlated initial state the analytical methods developed in a recent work of Ljubotina, Sotiriadis and Prosen, in the context of a discrete fermionic chain with an impurity. We also generalize our results to an initial state at finite temperature, recovering, via explicit calculations, some predictions of conformal field theory in the low energy limit.
A study of the influence of the method of pretreating Japanese kelp on its quality
Authors: Dementieva N V , Boytsova T M , Sakharova O V , Shemetova E V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the ways to create functional foods is to fortify them with dietary fiber. Dietary fiber includes a large group of compounds that must be an integral part of the daily diet of people. Raw materials of marine origin containing dietary fiber are brown algae. For example, Japanese kelp, along with important biologically active substances, contains soluble and insoluble dietary fibers. Soluble fibers include alginates, insoluble – cellulose (alguleza). A common disadvantage of different methods of processing the kelp is the loss of important functional nutrients: organic and mineral substances. The choice of the correct modes of primary processing the algae will contribute to obtaining a high quality semi-finished product and the production of a wide range of food products based on it. A method has been developed for the primary processing of the kelp, which contributes to the improvement of organoleptic characteristics and ensures the preservation of physiologically important components of algae. The organoleptic and chemical characteristics of kelp after primary processing have been studied.
Investigation of the biochemical characteristics of the secondary raw materials of caviar production for its subsequent industrial processing
Authors: Maksimova S N , Poleshchuk D V , Ponomarenko S Yu , Shadrina E V , Bashtovoy A N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The results of analytical and experimental studies on the biochemical characteristics of secondary raw materials of caviar production are presented. It is noted that the studied raw materials are formed during the production of caviar products from Pacific salmon (connective tissue, burst eggs). The prospects of using secondary raw materials for obtaining biologically valuable food products on the basis of their biochemical characteristics and resource sufficiency are assessed. The annual volume of salmon fishing and consumption of salted salmon caviar is presented, indicating the feasibility of collecting secondary raw materials and their subsequent industrial processing. The high value of the secondary raw materials under study has been proved due to their protein content, including collagen, as well as lipids and minerals. The fatty acid composition of raw material lipids is given, which confirms its biological value due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The mineral composition is presented, in which the biologically valuable minerals potassium and calcium prevail. On the basis of the biochemical characteristics of the studied raw materials the method of its processing by enzymatic biomodification for the production of new biologically valuable foodstuffs is predetermined.
Development of an enriched soft drink based on milk
Authors: Berketova L V , Gribova N A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A recipe and technology for producing an enriched non-alcoholic drink based on milk and plant components with increased nutritional value have been proposed. Banana puree, orange and grapefruit juices were selected as vegetable components. These components made it possible to simulate the texture of a "cocktail-type" drink, to give a sweet taste to the drink without easily digestible carbohydrates or their substitutes. They were good masking agents for suppressing the foreign taste and smell of the introduced biologically active substances. Vitamin PP, calcium gluconate, and omega-3 were added as enriched components in 30 to 50 % of their daily requirement. Sensory analysis was used to investigate the organoleptic characteristics of the drinks and to select a preference from the presented recipes. According to the research, the preferences were given to two recipes of drinks with different citrus components. The volume of 220 ml was chosen as the test unit of the drink. The first version of the drink included: milk (130 ml), banana puree (70 g), orange juice (20 ml). The second option was milk (150 ml), banana puree (60 g) and grapefruit juice (10 ml). These recipes of drinks had good sensory characteristics in appearance, consistency, smell and taste. The technology of obtaining the drink includes the preparation of raw materials, obtaining a milk-juice base, the introduction of micronutrients, banana puree with constant stirring, mixing until a homogeneous consistency is obtained and aseptic bottling in consumer containers.
The use of biotechnological approaches to the production of meat products based on the introduction of resource-saving technologies
Authors: Iskusnykh A Yu , Kurchaeva E E , Popova Ya A , Derkanosova A A , Egorova G N , Nshimirimana S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current stage of food technology development is associated with ensuring a qualitatively new leap in the efficiency of using the planet's resources for food production. The article suggests ways to improve the quality, reduce the cost, expand the volume and assortment of food produced on the existing agricultural base while simultaneously developing traditional and non-traditional methods of food production. The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for expanding the range of enriched emulsified meat products using composites based on raw materials of vegetable and animal origin. The results obtained during the research positively assess the prospects for using a composite mixture based on ingredients of vegetable and animal origin as part of minced meat for sausage loaves. The developed functional composite mixture can be successfully used in the technology of minced products of a wide range, including enriched and preventive products for the general population, including children, the elderly, etc. The use of secondary resources of the meat processing industry with the use of biotechnological approaches in the production of food systems opens up wide opportunities for increasing the economic stability of production and saturation of the market with food products that meet the needs of the population and greening of the industry. The developed sausage products contain in their composition a sufficiently high amount of proteins with a relatively low fat content. The introduction of protein-carbon composites into the formulation made it possible to enrich products with proteins, dietary fibers, increase nutritional and biological value. Microbiological sausage products met the requirements for products of this group. The products do not exhibit toxic effects on the test object and as a result are harmless to humans.
Storage temperature effect on structural elements of ice cream
Authors: Sitnikova P B , Tvorogova A A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the transportation and sale of ice cream, fluctuations in air temperature are possible with an excess of the recommended temperature minus 18 ° C. During subsequent storage, this leads to a change in the dispersion of structural elements (ice crystals and air bubbles) and the appearance of organoleptic defects. The article presents the results of studying the effect of temperature fluctuations on the dispersion of structural elements using the example of ice cream with the most effective stabilization system under conditions of realistically possible temperature fluctuations. The object of the study was ice cream with a mass fraction of fat 10%, dry fat-free milk residue 10%, sucrose 14%, and with a complex stabilizer-emulsifier containing 0.35% of an emulsifier with a high demulsifying effect (mono- and diglycerides with a high content of unsaturated fats) and a synergistic composition of hydrocolloids (0.15%) (locust bean gum and guar and carrageenan). It was found that a threefold change in the product temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C – minus 12 ° C – minus 18 ° C and subsequent storage for six months leads to an increase in the average size of ice crystals by 35%, and in the control sample only by 6%. In this case, for three months of storage, the angles with a larger base of the crystal increase by at least 10 ° C. During the same period, the average diameter of the air bubble increased by 61%. In the control sample, the air bubble increased by 26%. Frozen should not be stored until sale for a long time, for example, more than one month. This recommendation is to avoid a decrease in the fineness of structural elements ice cream subjected to a threefold increase in temperature from minus 18 ° C to minus 12 ° C with subsequent freezing to minus 18°C even when using an effective stabilizer.