bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar-Based, Storm-Scale Circulation and Tornado-Probability Tendencies Preceding Tornadogenesis in Kansas and Nebraska
Authors: Baerg Bryan M.  , Gargan William P. , Cohen Ariel E. , Thompson Richard L. , Smith Bryan T. , Gerard Alan E. , Schultz Chauncy J. , Kelly Lawrence A. , Nepaul Heather V. 
Published: July 2022

This study analyzes the behavior of storm-scale circulations preceding initial tornadogenesis in 179 Kansas and Nebraska storms. Manually determined assessments of radar data for storm-scale circulations preceding the tornadoes are performed as far back in time prior to the tornado as a circulation is apparent, with average rotational velocity (Vrot), circulation diameter, and circulation clarity documented for the 0.5° elevation scan. These data are simultaneously combined with an indication of environmental conditions (as represented by the significant tornado parameter) to determine the tornado probability at each of these times based on a recently developed probabilistic model. By aggregating these parameters in time-range bins, subsequent statistical analyses portray the bulk variability of circulation characteristics and tornado probabilities preceding tornadogenesis. The blended approach for assessing tornado potential yields a stronger relative increase in tornado probabilities leading up to tornadogenesis than the sub-component of average Vrot; this is especially true within 15 min before tornadogenesis. Additionally, significant tornadoes are associated with more substantial increase in tornado probabilities preceding tornadogenesis compared to weak tornadoes, and smaller lead time to tornadogenesis for weak tornadoes. Also, a cycling pattern may appear in velocities prior to significant tornadoes, along with a relative decrease in pretornadic circulation diameter, especially for significant tornadoes. These findings are intended to highlight some of the behaviors of storm-scale circulations and their corresponding environments, which can be used to reinforce meteorologists’ tornado threat assessment. Extending this work to encompass more convective-mode variability, null cases, and geographic expanse will be necessary for more overarching applicability.
Effects of Heterogeneous Surface Roughness on Boundary Layer Kinematics and Wind Shear
Authors: Coleman Timothy A. , Knupp Kevin R. , Pangle Preston T. 
Published: July 2022

Different types of land cover are associated with different surface roughness, which produce variations in the frictional force on the wind. Therefore, mean wind profiles at low levels often differ markedly over short distances where there is a gradient in surface roughness. Horizontal gradients in surface roughness may produce vertical vorticity, circulation, and horizontal divergence. The effect of roughness on vertical wind shear and storm-relative helicity is also qualitatively important and may lead to large gradients in helicity over short distances. Recent studies also suggest an important role of friction in tornadogenesis.
We show conceptually and theoretically how gradients in surface roughness produce quasi-ambient convergence and vertical vorticity, and gradients in vertical shear and storm-relative helicity. We then present observational data and numerical simulations that demonstrate the effects of surface roughness on the kinematics and shear of boundary-layer flow, for future work examining the importance of these processes for tornadogenesis.
Discriminating between Tornadic and Non-Tornadic Supercells: A New Hodograph Technique
Authors: Esterheld John M. , Giuliano Donald J. 
Published: July 2022

Thompson and Edwards (2000) first noted a prominent hodograph kink separating primarily speed shear from primarily directional shear in the environments of some supercells producing significant tornadoes. Responding to this observation, we compared similar thermodynamic and shear environments between the Moore, Oklahoma tornado of 3 May 1999 and non-tornadic supercell thunderstorms occurring in north Texas on 23 April 2003. The results suggest that certain characteristics of the kink could discriminate between tornadic and non-tornadic supercells. This combination of features consisted of a strong (> 10 m s-1) nearly straight-line hodograph below 500 m above ground level (AGL) and storm-relative inflow orthogonal to the base of this hodograph segment at 10 m, yielding almost purely streamwise storm-relative inflow.
We evaluated this hypothesis by analyzing 67 severe convective events, 65 of which were supercells, in Oklahoma from 1997-2004, and dividing the events into non-tornadic, weak-tornadic (F0-­F1), and significant-tornadic (F2-­F5) storm classes. The results show improved discrimination between storm classes for 10-­500 m storm-relative helicity and bulk shear magnitude when compared to 10-­1000 m calculations of the same. Also, histograms of the critical angle (defined by the storm-relative inflow vector at 10 m and 10-­500 m shear vector) revealed that the tornadic storms, and in particular the significant tornadic storms, tended to be characterized by angles near 90°, whereas the non-tornadic storms were not. Although the results are based on a relatively small sample, they suggest that a careful consideration of the evolution of the low-level hodograph in both time and space in relation to the storm motion can potentially be a valuable aid in forecasting supercell tornadoes.
Multivariate Index for Ranking
Authors: Schafer Chad M. , Doswell III Charles A. 
Published: July 2022

In previous work, severe weather outbreaks have been classified either as major tornado outbreaks or as primarily nontornadic outbreaks, but the large majority of such events are of a mixed character. This study proposes a reproducible method for ranking all types of severe weather outbreaks from the period 1960-2006. Numerous nonmeteorological artifacts exist in the severe weather reports archived during this period, and many of the variables used to formulate the multivariate indices had to be detrended to reduce the effect of secular trends. The resulting outbreak rankings indicate that the methodology presented herein is able to distinguish the most significant severe weather outbreaks from intermediate outbreak days and days with a large amount of geographic scatter in the severe reports. The rankings of the most severe outbreaks and those outbreak days with a large degree of spatial scatter exhibit only limited variability when the selection of parameters and their weights are modified, but a relatively high degree of volatility is noted with the intermediate cases. This result suggests there is relatively little difference in the severity of these intermediate events. However, the particular modes of severe weather in these events can be quite different. A k-means cluster analysis of the outbreak days, using a four-dimensional representation of the multivariate indices developed, indicates that outbreak days can be separated into five groups: major tornado, wind-dominated, hail-dominated, multi-modal, and days with considerable spatial scatter of the severe reports.
Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes: A Review of Knowledge in Research and Prediction
Authors: Edwards Roger 
Published: July 2022

The scientific documentation and investigation of tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes has spanned portions of ten decades, but has been missing a documentary overview of topical knowledge accumulated to any given point in that time span. This review article summarizes the evolution of TC tornado-related literature from the perspectives of crucial historic tornadoes, climatology, distribution patterns, applied research into their environments, remote and environmental observations, forecasting practices, and numerical simulations at various scales. Discussion of the future of TC tornado research and prediction includes several testable hypotheses, along with potentially beneficial tools soon to be available to operational forecasters.
Spatial Distributions of Tornadic Near-Storm Environments by Convective Mode
Authors: Thompson Richard L. , Smith Bryan T. , Dean Andrew R. , Marsh Patrick T. 
Published: July 2022

All tornado reports across the contiguous United States from 2003-2011 were filtered for the maximum damage rating on an hourly grid with 40-km horizontal spacing. Convective mode was assigned to each grid-hour tornado event via manual examination of full volumetric WSR-88D data, and supercell-related environmental parameters accompanied each grid-hour tornado event from the hourly objective analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center. Only tornado events associated with right-moving supercells (RM) or quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) were considered in this work, which resulted in a sample of 8837 tornado grid-hour events.
Spatial distributions of supercell-related parameters were constructed for the RM and QLCS tornado events. Sample sizes were increased by accumulating tornado events within a 120-km neighborhood to each 40-km grid box. All neighborhoods with ≥10 events were retained for percentile rank distributions of the supercell-related parameters, and then smoothed using a Gaussian kernel with a 120-km influence radius. Regional variations in buoyancy and lifting condensation level (LCL) are apparent-RM tornadoes are more common with greater buoyancy and higher LCL heights across the Great Plains compared to the Mississippi Valley region. QLCS tornadoes tend to be focused across the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, in environments with weaker buoyancy and lower LCL heights. Vertical wind shear parameters are typically well within the parameter space associated with tornadic RM for both the RM and QLCS tornado events. The significant tornado parameter shows improved discrimination between weak and significant RM tornadoes, compared to individual kinematic or thermodynamic parameters.
Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kepribadian dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai LPMP Banten
Authors: Ahmad  
Published: July 2022

Kinerja pegawai menurun membuat LPMP Banten harus menentukan langkah-langkah tepat dan mencari akar permasalahan, penelitian ini bertujuan mencari faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai melalui pengujian pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung faktor pelatihan, kepribadian dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai sebagai pengembangan konsep kinerja pegawai pada perilaku dan praktik manajemen sumberdaya manusia, pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif kausal, metode survei dan teknik analisis model persamaan struktur, dari total populasi 122 digunakan 94 sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus slovin, penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan, dimulai tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan dan penyusunan laporan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung variabel eksogen terhadap variabel endogen, LPMP Banten dapat menggunakan konsep kinerja pegawai untuk memperbaiki kinerja melalui pelatihan, kepribadian dan motivasi kerja.
Witnessing intimate partner violence and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents: The mediating effect of self-control and moderating effect of parental psychological control
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Xu Yijie , Zhang Ruiping , Wang Yue , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Yuan , Guo Zhaoming , Lv Yijun , Jiang Suo 
Published: July 2022

Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adolescents’ externalizing behavior problems such as bullying and aggression, but its association with cyberbullying perpetration remains unclear. Given the prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration, this study aims to examine the relationship between witnessing IPV and cyberbullying perpetration, and also to explore whether self-control mediates, and parental psychological control (PPC) moderates the association. 1,670 primary and junior high school students (aged from 10 to 15 years, 53.7% boys) in China participated in the questionnaire survey in May, 2017. The results showed that witnessing IPV positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration significantly when sex and grade were controlled. Self-control partially mediated the relationship between witnessing IPV and cyberbullying perpetration, while PPC moderated the relation between witnessing IPV and cyberbullying perpetration. Specifically, the effect of IPV on cyberbullying perpetration was stronger when PPC was high compared to when PPC was low. Multi-group analysis showed that the effect of witnessing IPV on cyberbullying perpetration was stronger in boys than in girls and the mediation effect of self-control was stronger among junior high school students than among primary schools. The implications for intervention of cyberbullying perpetration are discussed.
Ochrana soukromí ve veřejném prostoru
Authors: Bónová Kristýna 
Published: July 2022

Předkládaný text má za cíl analyzovat, jak právo rozlišuje veřejný a soukromý prostor, přičemž bude brán v úvahu prostor fyzický. Zaměří se na místa, která se nachází na hranici mezi soukromým a veřejným prostorem. Následně bude zhodnoceno, zda je takové rozlišení účelné v době, v níž jsou lidé takřka neustále pod drobnohledem moderních sledovacích technologií. S jejich využitím totiž nezbytně vyvstává otázka střetu s právem na ochranu soukromí a s ochranou osobních údajů.
Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: Update on Molecular Profile With Focus on Pediatric Population
Authors: Mon Khin Su , Tang Ping 
Published: July 2022

Context.—
This review article derives from the breast pathology lecture at the Eighth Princeton Integrated Pathology Symposium (PIPS VIII).

Objective.—
To provide a literature review and update on fibroepithelial lesions of the breast with molecular findings and findings regarding the pediatric population.

Data Sources.—
The sources include extensive literature review, personal research, and experience.

Conclusions.—
Given significant differences in prognosis and management of fibroepithelial lesions, we aim to provide readers with pertinent definitions, pathomorphology, molecular findings, and management for each diagnosis, with insights on the pediatric population.
Strong Job Market for Pathologists: Results From the 2021 College of American Pathologists Practice Leader Survey
Authors: Gross David J. , Robboy Stanley J. , Cohen Michael B. , Vernon Lori , Park Jason Y. , Crawford James M. , Karcher Donald S. , Wheeler Thomas M. , Black-Schaffer W. Stephen 
Published: July 2022

Context.—There has long been debate about whether and when there may be a shortage of pathologists in the United States. One way to assess this is to survey the hiring experiences of pathology practices. A 2018 survey revealed a strong demand for pathologists, with expectations of continued strength. This study updates that prior analysis using data from a 2021 survey of pathology practice leaders.Objective.—To assess the US pathologist job market and examine implications.Design.—We analyzed data from the 2021 College of American Pathologists Practice Leader Survey. This survey queried practice leaders, including regarding the hiring of pathologists, the level of experience being sought, success in filling positions, and expectations for hiring in the next 3 years.Results.—Among the 375 surveyed practice leaders (about one-third of all US pathology practices), 282 provided information about pathologist hiring in 2021. A total of 157 of these 282 practices (55.7%) sought to hire at least 1 pathologist in 2021, up from 116 of 256 practices (45.3%) in 2017; the mean number of pathologists hired per practice also increased. In 2021, a total of 175 of 385 positions (45.5%) were to fill new positions, compared with 95 of 249 positions (38.2%) in 2017. Most practice leaders were comfortable hiring pathologists with less than 2 years of posttraining experience. Practice leaders anticipated continued strong demand for hiring pathologists during the next 3 years.Conclusions.—Our analysis confirms that the demand in pathologist hiring is strong and much increased from 2017. We believe, in combination with other job market indicators, that demand may outstrip the supply of pathologists, which is limited by the number of trainees and has remained constant during the past 20 years.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of six Dalbergia species and its comparative analysis in the subfamily of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae)
Authors: Li Changhong , Liu Yu , Lin Furong , Zheng Yongqi , Huang Ping 
Published: July 2022

Dalbergia spp. are numerous and widely distributed in pantropical areas in Asia, Africa and America, and most of the species have important economic and ecological value as precious timber. In this study, we determined and characterized six complete chloroplast genomes of Dalbergia species (Dalbergia obtusifolia, D. hupeana, D. mimosoides, D. sissoo, D. hancei, D. balansae), which displayed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms. The sizes of the genomes ranged from 155,698 bp (D. hancei) to 156,419 bp (D. obtusifolia). The complete chloroplast genomes of Dalbergia include 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and 84 protein-coding genes. We analysed the sequence diversity of Dalberigia chloroplast genomes coupled with previous reports. The results showed 12 noncoding regions (rps16-accD, trnR-UCU-trnG-UCC, ndhE-ndhG, trnG-UCC-psbZ, rps8-rpl14, trnP-UGG-psaJ, ndhH-rps15, trnQ-UUG-rps16, trnS-GCU-psbI, rps12-clpP, psbA-trnK-UUU, trnK-UUU-intron), and four coding regions (rps16, ycf1, rps15 and ndhF) showed many nucleotide variations that could be used as potential molecular markers. Based on a site-specific model, we analysed the selective pressure of chloroplast genes in Dalbergia species. Twenty-two genes with positively selected sites were detected, involving the photosynthetic system (ndhC, adhD, ndhF, petB, psaA, psaB, psbB, psbC, psbK and rbcL), self-replication category of genes (rpoA, rpoC2, rps3, rps12 and rps18) and others (accD, ccsA, cemA, clpP, matK, ycf1 and ycf2). Additionally, we identified potential RNA editing sites that were relatively conserved in the genus Dalbergia. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of cp genomes of Dalbergieae species indicated that the boundary of IRs/SSC was highly variable, which resulted in the size variation of cp genomes. Finally, phylogenetic analysis showed an inferred phylogenetic tree of Papilionoideae species with high bootstrap support and suggested that Amorpheae was the sister of the clade Dalbergieae. Moreover, three genera of the Pterocarpus clade showed a nested evolutionary relationship. These complete cp genomes provided valuable information for understanding the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship of Dalbergia species with their relatives.
Community Acquired Pneumonia in Bangladesh: Sensitivity Pattern, Clinical Courses and Outcome of a Cross Sectional Population
Authors: Kausar Mohammad Abu , Paul Sujat , Nasir Morshed , Rahman Mohammed Habibur , Hoque S. M. Kumrul , Nazir Nayana 
Published: July 2022

Background: Pneumonia acquired outside the hospital by an immune-competent individual is defined as community acquired pneumonia (CAP). It is to be distinguished, on the basis of a wider spectrum of pathogens, from nosocomial pneumonia from pneumonia in an immune-compromised host. Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. Etiology of CAP varies geographically and the understanding of local epidemiology plays an important role in decision making for empirical treatment before test results are available. Primary decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment required knowledge of predominant microbial patterns and their sensitivities.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP, their sensitivity towards empirical therapy and to observe the clinical course as well as short term outcome in hospitalized adult patients.
Methodology: It was one year-long observational prospective study on 87 patients diagnosed with CAP admitted in Chattogram Medical College Hospital, second largest tertiary care hospital during August 2018 to July 2019. Sputum for Gram and Z-N staining, culture and sensitivity, blood for culture, sensitivity and PCR for Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydophila pneumonia were done. Patients were followed up for in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality.
Results: The mean age was 49.59 years and male - female ratio was 1.56: 1. Fever, chest pain and cough were the most common clinical findings. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified (39.1%) in the majority of the patients, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (5.7%). Staphylococcus aureus was positive in blood culture of one patient. Four samples were positive in PCR and identified Streptococcus pneumoniae. The sensitivity to meropenem, levofloxacin and amikacin was highest. The mean duration of hospital stay was 6.34 ± 2.37 days along with in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was 6.9% and 16.1% respectively.
Conclusion: The bacteriologic profile of community acquired pneumonia revealed Gram-negative bacteria as pre-dominant organism by conventional sputum and blood culture. But need for further serologic tests for atypical and viral pathogens and development of institutional antibiogram to facilitate the choice for empirical therapy is required.
Anti-Ulcer and Blood-Boosting Effect of Diet Supplemented with Daedalea quercina from Ogbomoso, Oyo State, South West of Nigeria on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rats
Authors: Omeonu Francis Chukwumma , Jonathan Segun Gbolagade , Salami Adeola Temitope , Azuh Victor Okechukwu , Ado Benjamin Vandelun 
Published: July 2022

Gastric Ulcer is a common ailment in Nigeria, with synthetic drug treatment becoming less effective, hence, herbal remedies are being sought. Daedalea quercina (Dq) has been shown to have significant therapeutic potential, but little is known about its anti-ulcer and blood-enhancing qualities, which is why this study was conducted.
Fifty male wistar rats (100-110g; n=5) were divided into two sets of five groups respectively for days 7 and 14 treatments. Blood samples were collected on days 7 and 14 for full blood count. Gastric ulceration was induced in the rats using indomethacin (40 mg/kg p.o) after 24 hours fast on days 8 and 15. Animals were euthanised 4 hours after ulceration, stomachs were excised and analysed for malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl, nitrite, mucin and H+K+-ATPase activity, using standard procedures while tissues from the stomach were harvested and processed for routine histology. Data were expressed as Mean ±SEM, analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p≤ 0.05 was significant.
Haematological indicators were not significantly affected with the treatment. Significant differences were observed with nitric oxide, mucin, sulfhydryl, and hydrogen-peroxide and H+/K+-ATPase.
Daedalea quercina treatment groups demonstrated anti-ulcer and blood-boosting activities through the synergistic activities of increased nitrite and antioxidant pathways.