bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gout and Excess Risk of Severe SARS–CoV‐2 Infection Among Vaccinated Individuals: A General Population Study
Authors: Xie Dongxing , Choi Hyon K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Wallace Zachary S. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Lu Na , Zeng Chao , Li Xiaoxiao , Wei Jie , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveGout patients often have multiple comorbidities, making them susceptible to SARS–CoV‐2 infection and poor outcomes. This study was undertaken to examine the association between gout and the risk of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes, especially in patients who have received a SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine.MethodsWe conducted 2 cohort studies using The Health Improvement Network in the UK. Individuals with gout and those without gout from the general population were followed up from December 8, 2020 to October 31, 2021. We estimated the rate difference (RD) and hazard ratio (HR) of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes (i.e., hospitalization and death within 30 days after SARS–CoV‐2 infection) for individuals with gout versus those without gout using a Cox proportional hazards model according to SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination status. We adjusted for potential confounders by using overlap weighting of exposure scores.ResultsAmong the vaccinated cohort, 1,955 cases of breakthrough COVID‐19 infection occurred in 54,576 individuals with gout (4.68 cases per 1,000 person‐months), and 52,468 cases occurred in 1,336,377 individuals without gout (3.76 cases per 1,000 person‐months). The partially adjusted RD of breakthrough infection was 0.91 cases per 1,000 person‐months (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62–1.20 cases per 1,000 person‐months), and the partially adjusted HR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.19–1.30). Gout was also associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.30 [95% CI 1.10–1.53]) and death (adjusted HR 1.36 [95% CI 0.87–2.13]). Women with gout had an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.15–2.10]) and death (adjusted HR 2.46 [95% CI 1.12–5.41]). Similar associations with gout were observed in the unvaccinated cohort.ConclusionThese general population data suggest that individuals with gout, especially women, have higher risks of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and severe outcomes, even when vaccinated.
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Enhancing topological information of the Lyapunov‐based distributed model predictive control design for large‐scale nonlinear systems
Authors: He Wenke , Li Shaoyuan 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed model predictive control architecture based on graph theory for integrated large‐scale nonlinear process systems is proposed. This architecture is first agglomerated using popular community detection techniques and then organized on account of the relative master–slave relationship according to the ample information of interactions among separate subsystems. Both sequential and iterative distributed nonlinear model predictive coordination forms are considered for the reduction of the communication and computational burden within an acceptable loss of performance. Furthermore, the control performance of the large‐scale integrated system could be improved to some extent under the architecture and the communication strategy we propose, whereby a brave exploration is made on the relationship between the control structure and the control performance, ulteriorly obtaining some notable results towards the untapped territory. The effectiveness of the proposed coordination method is evaluated by a standard reactor‐separator process system.
Manipulation of mRNA translation elongation influences the fragmentation of a biotherapeutic Fc‐fusion protein produced in CHO cells
Authors: Knight Tanya J. , Povey Jane F. , Vito Davide , Mohindra Atul , Jaques Colin M. , Smales C. Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMammalian cells, particularly Chinese hamster ovary cells, are the dominant system for the production of protein‐based biotherapeutics, however, product degradation, particularly of Fc‐fusion proteins, is sometimes observed that impacts the quality of the protein generated. Here, we identify the site of fragmentation of a model immunoglobulin G1 Fc‐fusion protein, show that the observed clipping and aggregation are decreased by reduced temperature culturing, that the fragmentation/clipping is intracellular, and that reduced clipping at a lower temperature (<37°C) relates to mesenger RNA (mRNA) translation elongation. We subsequently show that reduced fragmentation can be achieved at 37°C by addition of chemical reagents that slow translation elongation. We then modified mRNA translation elongation speeds by designing different transcript sequences for the Fc‐fusion protein based on alternative codon usage and improved the product yield at 37°C, and the ratio of intact to a fragmented product. Our data suggest that rapid elongation results in misfolding that decreases product fidelity, generating a region susceptible to degradation/proteolysis, whilst the slowing of mRNA translation improves the folding, reducing susceptibility to fragmentation. Manipulation of mRNA translation and/or the target Fc‐fusion transcript is, therefore, an approach that can be applied to potentially reduce fragmentation of clipping‐prone Fc‐fusion proteins.
Exploratory application of an integrated topic‐based curriculum in biochemistry experimental teaching
Authors: Chen Yingfei , Ding Wenyong , Xu Yuefei , Li Sheng , Zhang Wenli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiochemistry, a complicated basic course in health sciences, plays a fundamental role in describing pathogenic mechanism of illness in molecular terms, and is required to be learned for all medical students. Due to various obstacles to biochemistry learning and teaching, there is a pressing issue of curriculum reform to arouse the student's enthusiasm in biochemistry learning. In this study, an integrated topic‐based biochemistry training program (TBBTP) combining the traditional lectures, question‐based learning and experimental practices, was introduced in biochemistry teaching. Its effectiveness was evaluated through examination and questionnaire analyses. Consequently, we found that TBBTP promoted the dissemination of biochemical knowledge via traditional lecture, designated learning issues and experimental practices, and acquisition of various skills through practical operation, presentation, and independent learning. It motivated students to study biochemistry with intense interest and enthusiasm. This study explored the feasibility of the topic‐based biochemistry teaching as a supplement to biochemistry curriculum in medical education and as a mainstream pedagogy in biochemistry lab.
Mobile semi‐physical experiment platform using ultra‐compact real‐time simulator Pocket Bench for power electronics courses
Authors: Shen Lei , Bian Xiuli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe potential electrical hazard, the unreal experience, and the time‐space inflexibility of the existing practical learning equipment are the barriers to the development of power electronics courses. To address these, this article introduces a mobile semi‐physical experiment platform using Pocket Bench. The Pocket Bench is an ultra‐compact Hardware‐In‐the‐Loop real‐time simulator, which can emulate the power electronic circuit with a 1.25 μs time step, and provide real‐time response signals to the physical controller. As the dangerous electrical power flow in the power electronic circuit is emulated in real‐time, the electrical hazards are eliminated. In practical learning, the students can implement the semi‐physical experiment system quickly by connecting the physical controller to the simulator. With the physical controller reserved, the students can get hands‐on experiences with the real hardware. More importantly, the palm‐size, lightweight simulator can be put into the pocket, and it can be directly powered by the universal serial bus port. Therefore, the semi‐physical experiment platform using Pocket Bench can be deployed with high time‐space flexibility. The distinctive features and the deployment method for the platform are illustrated. The application cases regarding the direct current (DC)‐DC converter, rectifier, and inverter are also given. A student survey concerning the feasibility, fidelity, and flexibility of the simulator was also conducted. The results show that the Pocket Bench grants the students new capabilities to safely carry out the practical learning of power electronics anytime, anywhere, with high‐fidelity sensory experience.
The unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse, self‐injury and suicide ideation: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Roley‐Roberts Michelle E. , Charak Ruby , Jeffs Adelina J. , Hovey Joseph D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) has serious short‐term and long‐term effects, including non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI). One possible thread linking CSA to NSSI and suicide risk is emotion dysregulation. The current study assessed whether facets of emotion dysregulation mediated relations of NSSI behaviours and functions, and SI. Participants (N = 121; Mean age = 18.69, age‐range 18–22; 78 per cent female), college students with a history of childhood trauma, completed an online survey. Results indicated that facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e. clarity, non‐acceptance) mediated the relationship between CSA and SI. CSA was associated with automatic negative reinforcement, social negative and social positive reinforcement NSSI functions, but was not associated with NSSI behaviours. Emotion dysregulation facets did not mediate the relationship between CSA and NSSI functions. Findings highlight the need to help CSA survivors have clarity and acceptance of emotional experiences to reduce SI risk.This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not‐for‐profit sectors.
Inhibition of Alzheimer's Aβ1‐42 Fibrillogenesis and Removal of Copper Ions by Polypeptides Modified Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Sheng Xingxin , Xie Hao , Zhou Sisi , Zhong Ming , Liu An 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAggregation and fibrillation of β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) as well as accumulation of toxic metal ions have been believed to be the central events to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, an attractive therapeutic tactic for AD is to design and synthesize inhibitors and metal chelators to prevent Aβ aggregation and chelate toxic metal ions. In this study, the polypeptide functionalized gold nanoparticles (PFGNP) were obtained by modifying polypeptides Cys‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Phe‐Asp (CGGGLPFFD) and Cys‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐His (CGGGGGH) onto gold nanoparticles through gold‐sulfur bond. The inhibitory properties of PFGNP toward Aβ1‐42 fibril formation was assessed by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence method and corroborated by atomic force microscopy analysis. The ability of PFGNP to complex copper ions was studied by electrochemical method. The experimental results reveal that PFGNP can effectively chelate copper ions and significantly inhibit the fibrillation of Aβ1‐42. Moreover, PFGNP exhibits significantly protective effect on Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity toward human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.
A New 7‐Azaindole Structure Analog: Molecular Docking, Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Activity in Vitro for Anticancer
Authors: Zhan Yifeng , Tong Hang , He Shibo , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, a series of 7‐azaindole analogs were designed by the bioisosteric principle based on the pharmacodynamic parent nucleus. Moreover, 5‐[(5‐chloro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl]‐N‐{[6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin‐3‐yl]methyl}pyrimidin‐2‐amine (compound P1) with the strongest interaction with colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF‐1R) was screened by molecular docking. Compound P1 was successfully prepared by the six‐step reaction with HPLC purity of 99.26 % and characterized by 1H‐NMR and ESI‐MS spectra. In vitro bioactivity study showed that compound P1 appeared the cytotoxicity to MCF‐7 and A549 cells, especially to HOS cells (IC50=88.79±8.07 nM), while it had lower toxicity to normal L929 cells (IC50=140.49±8.03 μM). In addition, compound P1 could induce HOS cell death by apoptosis and blocking the G0/G1 phase at nanomolar concentrations. The obtained results indicated that compound P1 might be a promising candidate compound for anticancer drug.
SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve in patients with borderline annulus: “stretched better than bigger?”
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Key Points
CT scan is the preferred imaging tool for pre‐procedural planning in TAVR patients, thanks to its reproducible and precise measurements. However, subjects with borderline annular dimensions remain a challenging setting without a standardized approach.
In this analysis, 336 patients with borderline annuli who underwent TAVR with BE valves were included. Outcomes of subjects who received either undersized and overexpanded (OE) devices or nominally sized valves were compared. Patients with smaller OE devices showed better clinical 1‐year outcomes and comparable 1‐year echocardiographic findings.
Waiting for further studies, the implantation of smaller OE devices in patients with borderline annular dimensions seems safe and efficient. However, no definite conclusions should be drawn up until stronger randomized data will be available in this setting.
Turndown for coronary artery bypass surgery: Never say never to revascularization
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Dupont Allison 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Farag et al. reported their experience comparing patients with acute coronary syndrome versus stable angina patients who were turned down for bypass surgery and subsequently treated with coronary stenting (1).
Revealing the Doping Effect of Cu2+ on SrSnO3 Perovskite Oxides for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Yanying , Wang Zhenlin , Wang Dan , Mao Junjun , Zhang Chenchen , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, SrSnO3, 0.5 wt %‐SS and 1 wt %‐SS (SrSnO3 loaded with 0.5 wt % Cu2+ and 1 wt % Cu2+, respectively) catalysts were designed using a simple and versatile strategy to investigate the changes of products selectivity in CO2 electroreduction (CER) induced by doping Cu2+ on SrSnO3 perovskite oxide. Both SrSnO3 and 0.5 wt %‐SS showed a consistent trend for the selectivity of HCOOH. While 1 wt %‐SS showed a significant change in product selectivity and the FECO reached a maximum at −1.53 V with a value of 49 %. The sufficient Cu2+ loaded on the surface of 1 wt %‐SS worked as the actual active sites during the CER and adjusted the pathway of product generation of SrSnO3 in the CER process, subsequently promoting the generation of CO and achieving regulation of the CER product selectivity. This work may stimulate more attention on the design of the Cu‐based perovskite oxide catalyst for CER.
Phomoxanthone A Targets ATP Synthase
Authors: Ali Rameez , Parelkar Sangram S. , Thompson Paul R. , Mitroka‐Batsford Susan , Yerramilli Siddartha , Scarlata Suzanne F. , Mistretta Katelyn S. , Coburn Jeannine M. , Mattson Anita E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhomoxanthone A is a naturally occurring molecule and a powerful anti‐cancer agent, although its mechanism of action is unknown. To facilitate the determination of its biological target(s), we used affinity‐based labelling using a phomoxanthone A probe. Labelled proteins were pulled down, subjected to chemoproteomics analysis using LC‐MS/MS and ATP synthase was identified as a likely target. Mitochondrial ATP synthase was validated in cultured cells lysates and in live intact cells. Our studies show sixty percent inhibition of ATP synthase by 260 μM phomoxanthone A.
Pore‐network modelling of combined molecular diffusion and gravity drainage mechanisms in a porous matrix block: The competitive role of driving forces
Authors: Mohammadi Ahmad , Rasaei Mohammad Reza , Mashayekhizadeh Vahid , Nakhaee Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA large part of the world's hydrocarbon resources are located in fractured reservoirs, and mass transfer phenomena play a crucial role in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery from these reservoirs. Pore‐network models have been widely used to study kinetic and pore‐scale micro‐mechanisms. Molecular diffusion involves mass transfer and liquid–vapour phase change and can be simulated by a modified invasion percolation model. Despite the existence of separate pore‐scale studies on molecular diffusion and gravity drainage, no articles have been published that evaluate the combined effect of both mechanisms. This study investigates the competitive roles of the two phenomena and the effective factors controlling each mechanism with the aid of pore‐network models. According to the results obtained, gravity drainage and molecular diffusion would have a synergic effect when they are simultaneously active. Although for a single‐component liquid system, there would be a capillary holdup residual saturation in the pure gravity drainage process (between 11% and 14% for the evaluated cases) and a slow and lengthy evaporation in pure molecular diffusion (between 47% and 57% longer for the cases under study), our investigation revealed that when the two mechanisms coexist, a faster process with no residual liquid is expected. Our findings clarify that when the system is strongly gravity dominated, the liquid body remains integrated, gas–liquid contact recedes in a piston‐like manner, and three‐stage liquid desaturation is observed. Furthermore, highly clustered liquid saturation is observed in strongly capillary‐dominated systems, and the liquid desaturation curve in a capillary‐dominated model has two distinguishable stages. The competitive contribution of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion as the main driving forces of liquid extraction from a single‐block model is quantified for the entire period of desaturation. Depending on the dominance of the production mechanisms, the process is either gravity‐assisted molecular diffusion or diffusion‐assisted gravity drainage.
A sustainable bio‐adsorbent for thermal energy storage for space heating applications
Authors: Shervani Suboohi , Riad Ikram , Strong Curtis , Tezel F. Handan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermal energy storage is an emerging technology that allows the storage of heat when it is available, which can be used later. One of the available technologies for thermal energy storage is the adsorption of moisture from air by adsorbents. Several adsorbents have been studied in the literature for this application, but there is a need for a sustainable adsorbent that can be eco‐friendly, cost effective, and available for scale‐up for commercialization of the technology. The current paper focused on the synthesis of a flax shives‐based composite (equal weight percent of flax shives and salt hydrates) prepared by the impregnation method and its application in thermal energy storage. The composite showed durability, stability, and reasonable energy storage density with a very low cost per unit of energy. The structural characterization of the hybrid was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The thermal energy storage density, as well as the charging/discharging characteristics were measured using a laboratory‐scale thermal energy storage apparatus. The flax/CaCl2/LiCl hybrid showed reasonable energy storage density at 74 kWh/m3 for 50% inlet relative humidity after regeneration at 120°C. Although the energy storage density was not high, the flax/CaCl2 composite was found to be the most cost‐effective material, as it showed the lowest cost per energy stored at 0.98 CAD/kWh at 50% relative humidity (RH) after regeneration at 120°C.
„Protons as the main drivers of a chemical reaction?” – educational reconstruction of the Brønsted‐Lowry acid‐base concept for upper secondary school
Authors: Krebs Rita Elisabeth , Hofer Elisabeth , Lembens Anja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAls geschichtlich und fachwissenschaftlich zentraler Reaktionstyp stellen Säure‐Base‐Reaktionen einen wichtigen Bestandteil fachdidaktischer Forschung dar. Zu diesem Thema sind vielfältige Vorstellungen bei den Lernenden bekannt, die oftmals im Widerspruch mit den fachwissenschaftlich adäquaten Konzepten stehen. Gleichzeitig sind aber die historische Entwicklung der Säure‐Base‐Konzepte und ihre Vielfältigkeit und Kontextabhängigkeit im Chemieunterricht relevant. Diese Vielfältigkeit der historischen, sich teilweise widersprechenden Säure‐Base‐Konzepte erschwert in Kombination mit den alternativen Vorstellungen der Lernenden, das Thema auf eine konsistente und anschlussfähige Art zu unterrichten. Um dieser Herausforderung gerecht zu werden, werden Säure‐Base‐Reaktionen im vorliegenden Beitrag mittels didaktischer Rekonstruktion aus der fachwissenschaftlichen und Lernendenperspektive untersucht, um eine für die Lernenden der Sekundarstufe II nachvollziehbare, an andere Reaktionstypen (z. B. Redoxreaktionen, organische Reaktionsmechanismen) anschlussfähige didaktische Strukturierung vorzunehmen.
Machine learning‐based predictive modeling for failure management of optical spatial mode division multiplexing system
Authors: Kaur Gurjit , Parasher Yaman , Srivastava Akanksha , Singh Prabhjot 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe bit error rate (BER) in optical communication systems is often get degraded due to various factors like launch power, dispersion, modal noise, and so on. Finding the most optimal launch power for a signal to provide acceptable BER is usually difficult on an installed link. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to use machine learning‐based linear regression technique for predicting the optimal signal quality for spatial division multiplexed (SDM)‐based fiber optical transmission system for a fixed distance. This technique helps in predicting the optimal value of continuous launch power. Therefore, to demonstrate the given concept in this research work, the generic setup of an SDM optical long‐haul system of 20 km in length has been designed and simulated in Optisystem‐14.0. The light sources in our experiments are two spatial optical transmitters with an emission wavelength of around 1550 nm. Abiding to the first step for the regression analysis, that is the data preparation, normality and correlation checks were performed. After this, a linear regression model is developed which was validated through a summary report, coefficients and diagnostic plots. Furthermore, the accuracy of the model is improved by employing Cook's distance. These tests help in dealing with the influence points that hinders the prediction ability of the proposed model. The results show that the R‐squared value is 0.9366, and value of adjusted R2 comes out to be around 0.9344; we therefore came to infer that the model explains nearly 94% variations in the dependent variables.