bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DE LA PRATIQUE DE « BANQUE LAMBERT » A L’EPREUVE DE LA PAUPERISATION DES AGENTS ET FONCTIONNAIRES DE L’ETAT DANS LA PROVINCE DE LA TSHOPO, EN RDC
Authors: Yalobali Gustave , Junior TUNGATU SELENGE , SHABANI SATUGOMBO , Charles NGONGO MULAMBA , Bienvenu LINDAMBI BOFANDO 
Published: September 2022

En République Démocratique du Congo, règne une pratique du commerce d’argent, appelée : « Banque Lambert » qui consiste à emprunter de l’argent à une tierce personne, avec un taux d’intérêt de remboursement de 50%, mensuel. C’est le créancier qui fixe seul les modalités de remboursement dont l’objet hypothécaire reste la saisie du chèque ou de la carte bancaire du débiteur. Cette pratique est devenue monnaie courante en Province de la Tshopo. Parmi les couches qui sont le plus touchées par cette pratique à des conséquences parfois très fâcheuses conduisant à la paupérisation des uns (débiteurs) et à l’enrichissement illicite des autres (créanciers), l’on compte les agents et fonctionnaires de l’Etat congolais. Dans cette recherche, nous voulons découvrir les causes qui sont à la base de cette pratique. A titre d’hypothèse, nous pensons que l’urgence des problèmes à résoudre, l’insignifiance de salaire, le manque de la culture d’économie domestique, l’absence de l’esprit d’entreprenariat, et la lourdeur de processus d’octroi de microcrédit par les banques normales sont les raisons qui poussent les agents et fonctionnaires de l’Etat congolais à recourir à la banque Lambert. Tandis que le taux d’intérêt trop élevé, le délai de remboursement de crédit trop court et le renouvellement de la solde comme un nouveau prêt créent les conditions de pauvreté et de surendettement des agents et fonctionnaires de l’administration publique congolaise. Interdire formellement la pratique de banque Lambert n’est pas de notre avis, car elle est un mal nécessaire. Mais pour limiter les dégâts causés par cette pratique pour la survie des agents de l’Etat, nous suggérons la réglementation en la matière, la reforme de taux d’intérêt de la part des créanciers, la revue du délai de remboursement, l’amélioration des conditions salariales des agents publics et fonctionnaires de l’Etat congolais, ainsi que l’autodiscipline économique de ces derniers sans oublier l’auto-formation à la culture entrepreneuriale comme solution idoine à ce mal nécessaire qui gangrène cette couche de population
IMPACT DE LA TAXE REMUNERATOIRE ANNUELLE SUR LA MAXIMISATION DES RECETTES NON FISCALES
Authors: LILEMBE Godelieve OMONDO 
Published: September 2022

At the end of this research entitled : Impact of the annual compensatory tax on the maximization of no-tax revenue generated by the DGRAD (case of the Eastern Province dismembered from January 2018 to December 2020, it is appropriate to bring to the attention of our readers that :

During the thrée years selected for this research, the share of revenue generated by annual compensatory tax is too low ;
The annual remunerative tax collected by the DGRAD in the Eastern Province dismembered from January 2018 to December 2020 has increased ;
During the three years selected for this study, the revenue generated by the annual compensatory tax significantly influenced the no-tax revenue generated by the DGRAD in the Eastern Province dismembered.
INCIDENCE DU LANCEMENT DE LA BIERE PRIMUS SOUS LE LABEL PETITE YA QUARTIER PAR LA BRALIMA SUR LA CONSOMMATION A KINDU EN 2016
Authors: ABAVUME TAMBWE 
Published: September 2022

The brewing sector is marketed by the permanent and active search for the implementation of niew strategies in order to face up to real competition ; the goal is to maximize sales through new ones. The main concern of this research is to know why BRALIMA decided to launch PRIMUS beer on the market under the PETITE YA QUARTIER label. Thus, we argued that this decision was motived by the desire to attract the greatest number of customers through a strategy of psychologically lowering the price.

Indeed, the interpretation of the results from the statistical processing of our data reveals that this strategy has a positive impact on the consumption of PRIMUS beer in Kindu, because the estimate of monthly consumption one year after the launch (2016) is more than double that observed before (2015).
INFLUENCE DES FUITES D’EAU POTABLE AU RESEAU DE DISTRIBUTION SUR LE CHIFFRE D’AFFAIRES REALISE PAR LA REGIDESO A KINDU DE 2014 A 2020
Authors: ABAVUME TAMBWE 
Published: September 2022

This research is motived by the permanence along the drinking water distribution network of a large number of unrepaired leaks, suggesting that these cannot significandly influence the turnover achieved by REGIDESO in Kindu. Thus, our main concern is to verify the existence or not of a significant link between these leasks and its tornover.

The analysis and interpretation of our results reveal that during the 7 years selected for this study, the drinking water leaks identified along the REGIDESO distribution network in Kindu did not significantly influence its turnover.

Despite the insignificant impact of water leaks on turnover, the leaks must be repaired, not only in order to reduce consumption bills for subscribrers billed at a flat rate, but also to protect subscribers from illnesses waterborne, because they are the entry points for microbes of all kinds into the distribution network during low pressure hours.
ANALYSE DE LA TRESORERIE DE LA MAIRIE DE KINDU DE 2009 A 2013
Authors: MUPASA MUPASA BIN 
Published: September 2022

Interesting us in the treasury of the town hall of Kindu, capital of the Province of Ma,iema, our results reveal that during the five years selected for this research, the net treasury was not constant. At the end of the period (2013) cash was negative, while at the beginning its sign was positive ; this situation proves an excessive disbursement copared to the collection.
Our results show that the closing balance in 2013 was positive, evaluated at 3.375.475 FC thanks to the accumulation of cash from previous periods. This amount represents the cash or amount available on sight, easily mobilized at the Kindu.
The general trend in the evolution of net cash for the five years period used in the context of this research is downward, despite the exponential increase observed between 2010 and 2011.
ETUDE CRITIQUE DU MOUVEMENT DES RECETTES NON FISCALES MOBILISEES DANS UNE REGIE FINANCIERE. CAS DE LA DGRAD RESSORT DU HAUT-UELE
Authors: ODIBOBI Chadrack ATIGADA 
Published: September 2022

This study focuses on the critical analysis of the mouvement of non-tax revenues mobilized in a financial authority. Case of the DGRAD emerges from Haut-Uélé. At the end of the investigation, the results obtained show that there is a very low level of execution of the assignments of non-tax revenues collected at the DGRAD in 2016. In 2015, on the other hand, it slightly exceeded half of the assignments.
In addition, over the last three years of study, the level of execution is less than 50%, i.e. 1.96% in 2016, 20.42% in 2017 and 32.67% in 2018, this decrease in the rate of The execution sufficiently demonstrates this weakness in the evolution of non-tax revenues. On the other hand, over the entire period of the study, the rate amounted to 27.94% so during the four years under review, the DGRAD Ressort du Haut-Uele only generated capital losses, which led to negative differences over the entire period of the study. Another factor that explains the weakness of this development is the effort made by this financial authority. Thus, it emerges that in 2015, there was a mobilization effort of 50.7%; in 2016, its rate fell to 1.8%; in 2017, the effort made represented only 18.3% and in 2018, the effort made was 29.2%. To do this, the year 2015 being a base year, remains the one that DGRAD Haut-Uélé has mobilized considerable energy from non-tax revenues. On the other hand, the other years show a weakness in the efforts of non-tax revenues. In view of all that has just preceded, several constraints which plague the maximization of non-tax revenues are raised in particular the weakness of the Congolese tax system, the unsuitability of this system because of problems linked to taxation, the lack of ethics, the systematic reduction of the tax base, documentary fraud, neglect of the human factor, the problem of non-tax revenue collection, tax evasion and corruption.
In view of the constraints raised previously, several strategies are possible in order to maximize non-tax revenues and actively participate in the bailout of the State fund in this case: the documentation of this financial authority, the capacity building of its agents, reduce fraud and corruption, raise awareness among taxable persons, take into account the human factor, reform the procedure relating to the basis, control and methods of collecting non-tax revenue.
REGARD SUR LES COMPETENCES DE L’INSPECTION GENERALE DES FINANCES (IGF) EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: KATUMBA Guy-Sylvain MUKENGE 
Published: September 2022

Dans le domaine des finances publiques, le contrôle est un processus visant à obtenir et à évaluer des éléments probants de façon objective afin de déterminer si les informations ou les conditions réelles remplissent des critères donnés. En République Démocratique du Congo, outre le Parlement (Assemblée Nationale et le Senat) et la cour des comptes, le contrôle externe des finances publiques est effectué par l’Inspection générale des finances (IGF).
Cet article a pour objectif d’exposer le cadre juridique du contrôle externe des finances publiques et les compétences de l’inspection générale des finances en République Démocratique du Congo. Pour y arriver, nous avons utilisé la méthode analytique, qui a aidé à analyser les différentes missions de contrôle de l’Inspection Générale des Finances et les résultats obtenus.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray pada Pembelajaran Operasi Aljabar di SMP Kelas VII
Authors: Woran Alvian J. , Sambuaga Oltje T. , Regar Vivian E. , Domu Ichdar 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran two stay two stray dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa khususnya pada materi Operasi Aljabar. Desain eksperimen jenis posstest yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah posttest only control design. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan simple random sampling (teknik acak sederhana). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIC sebagai kelas eksperimen yang terdiri dari 24 siswa dan siswa kelas VII A sebagai kelas kontrol yang terdiri dari 23 siswa di SMP Negeri 2 Kakas. Data diperoleh dari hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen 80.04 dan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol 59.22. Uji normalitas data terpenuhi sehingga data-data tersebut berdistribusi normal. Pada hasil analisis data dengan taraf nyata 0.05 diperoleh . sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran two stay two stray lebih dari rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung sehingga baik diterapkan pada proses kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Allelopathic activity of the aqueous extracts of Cladophora and Spirogyraon the germination and growth of three cultivars of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Yaqub Hala Muzher , Saeed Janan Abdulkhaliq , Al-Katib Mira Ausama 
Published: September 2022

Since algae is one of the natural sources of chemical compounds, including nutrients, fats and vitamins, thatstimulate the germination and growth of plants, so the aim of the research was to study the effect of aqueous extracts of Cladophora and Spirogyra at a concentration of (0, 1, 2) % in the germination and growth of three cultivars of the bread wheat Triticum aestivum (Baraka, Buhooth-22 and Sham-6) through the application of the pots experiment. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the algae affected positive the assessed variables increase considerably as the concentration increased, and treatments at concentration (1 and 2%) had an encouraging effect on the germination and growth of plants of both cultivars Buhooth-22 and Baraka, while cultivar Sham-6 was less responsive to the extracts.
STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA NILOTICA
Authors: Rahman Md. Hasibur , Bhuiyan Md. Iqbal Hossain , Siddiqui Nurul Islam , Masud Mehedi 
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted as the first step to explore the possibility of isolating active ingredient(s) of Acacia nilotica as antibacterial agents. Two types of extracts from air-dried Acacia nilotica leaves were prepared through solvent extraction method using methanol and hexane. The disc diffusion method was used to screen 10 different pathogenic bacteria for their sensitivity to the leaf extracts. Acacia nilotica was found to be effective against Salmonella typhi, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae 0139 and Hafnia. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these extracts were determined. In case of methanol extract, the MIC values were 700mg ml-1 against Salmonella typhi and 800 mg ml-1 for each of Shigella boydii, and Shigella flexneri , whereas the corresponding MIC values for hexane extract were found 800, 800 and 900 mg ml-1 respectively. The MBC values of methanol extract were found to be 800 mg ml-1 for Salmonella typhi, 900 mg ml-1 against each of Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri and in case of hexane extract the MBC values were found 900, 1000 and 1200 mg ml-1 respectively.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan BPN Aceh Barat
Authors: Nirha Agus Nureli , Chairiyaton  
Published: September 2022

This is the lesson was conducted to find out whether Personal characteristics and workplace environment affect employee efficiency in West Aceh District Land Office. This study was conducted at the West Aceh District Land Office (BPN). All employees at the Land Office of West Aceh Regency are the population, and the sample tested is 37 respondents. The variables in this study are Individual Characteristics (X1), Work Environment (X2) and Employee Performance (Y). This study applies a questionnaire or questionnaire method for data collection. The data collection method multiple linear regression analysis, determinant coefficient (R2), t test, and F test which will be processed with SPSS version 20. Results of the research conclude: Individual Characteristics variable has a significant and positive influence related to employee performance number of b1 = 0.843, the number of t count = 4,800 and significant = 0.000. Employee performance is positively and significantly influenced by the work environment total b2 = 0.318, total t count = 3.510 and significant = 0.001 Personal characteristics and also The work environment has a positive and significant impact on employee performance at the same time and the number of F count = 53.255 significant amount = 0.000 and the adjusted R2 value is 0.744. Meaning 74.4% Employee performance is explained by individual characteristics and work environment, and the remaining 25.6% is explained due to other factors not tested in this research. So, it can be concluded that there is a positive interaction between the variables of Individual Characteristics and Work Environment on the Employee Performance variable at the Land Office of West Aceh Regency. Thus, if the individual characteristics and the work environment are getting better, the employee's performance will increase.
PENGARUH BIAYA PRODUKSI, PEMASARAN, DAN GAJI KARYAWAN TERHADAP HASIL PENJUALAN AYAM BROILER (Gallus Domesticus)
Authors: Ahmad Baiza Ahmad Baiza 
Published: September 2022

Peternakan “Rahmat Aulia” tergabung dalam bagian PT Charoen Pokphand Jaya Farm, peternakan yang berada di desa Kutatrieng Kecamatan Labuhanhaji Barat Kabupaten Aceh Selatan ini telah menggunakan manajemen yang baik dalam pembiayaan yang meliputi biaya produksi, biaya pemasaran, dan gaji karyawan. Pemilihan penelitian pada peternakan “Rahmat Aulia” di karenakan tingginya tingkat persaingan penjualan pada usaha ayam broiler (gallus dometicus) dengan penelitian ini dapat diharapkan sebagai acuan bagi para pemula dan peternak lain dalam menghadapi persaingan. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan ialah jenis kualitatif (wawancara). Dimana pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dengan pihak terkait pada peternakan “Rahmat Aulia” sebagai narasumber, serta sampel yang di gunakan merupakan laporan keuangan peternakan “Rahmat Aulia” yang telah terdata pada PT Charoen Pokphand Jaya Farm pada tahun 2021 (3 bulan).
Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa 80% hasil penjualan sangat di pengaruhi oleh biaya produksi, biaya pemasaran, dan gaji karyawan. Sedangkan sisanya 20% hasil penjualan yang di pengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak di jelaskan dalam penelitian ini. Secara analisis di peroleh hasil yang menunjukkan biaya produksi, pemasaran, dan gaji karyawan sangat berperan dalam kerberlangsungan pada peternakan “Rahmat Aulia” di desa Kutatrieng Kecamatan Labuhanhaji Barat Kabupaten Aceh Selatan.
A KEEFEKTIFAN ANALISIS JABATAN DALAM PENEMPATAN KERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR SEKRETARIAT DPRK NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Denaya Rinda 
Published: September 2022

Abstrak
Analisis terhadap jabatan kerja memegang peranan penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dengan cara meningkatkan kinerja organisasi dari segi produktivitas, pelayanan, dan kualitas guna mencapai tujuan utama organisasi. Dari hasil analisis jabatan, perusahaan dapat menentukan kualitas-kualitas yang harus dimiliki calon karyawan sebelum pekerjaan tersebut dipenuhi, dan hasilnya disajikan dalam bentuk uraian tugas atau job description. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana analisis tempat kerja secara parsial dan simultan mempengaruhi (mempengaruhi) penempatan pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengukuran menggunakan skala likert adalah sampel sebanyak 21 orang pegawai atau pekerja Sekretariat DPRK Nagan Raya dengan cara random sampling of ratio. Hasilnya, semua hipotesis yang diajukan diterima.
Comparison of Reverse and Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With an Intact Rotator Cuff and No Previous Surgery
Authors: Friedman Richard J. , Schoch Bradley S. , Eichinger Josef Karl , Neel Garrett B. , Boettcher Marissa L. , Flurin Pierre-Henri , Wright Thomas W. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Roche Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
This study's purpose is to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and an intact rotator cuff with no previous history of shoulder surgery using a single platform TSA system at a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Methods:
A total of 370 aTSA patients and 370 rTSA patients matched for age, sex, and length of follow-up from an international multi-institutional Western Institutional Review Board approved registry with a minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed for this study. All patients had a diagnosis of OA, an intact rotator cuff, and no previous shoulder surgery. All patients were evaluated and scored preoperatively and at latest follow-up using six outcome scoring metrics and four active range of motion measurements.

Results:
Mean follow-up was 41 months, and the mean age was 73 years. Preoperatively, the rTSA patients had lower outcome metrics and less motion. Postoperatively, aTSA and rTSA patients had similar clinical outcomes, motion, and function, with the only exception being greater external rotation in aTSA exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. Pain relief was excellent, and patient satisfaction was high in both groups. Humeral radiolucent lines were similar in both groups (8%). Complications were significantly higher with aTSA (aTSA = 4.9%; rTSA = 2.2%; P = 0.045), but revisions were similar (aTSA = 3.2%; rTSA = 1.4%; P = 0.086).

Conclusion:
At a mean of 41 month follow-up, primary aTSA and rTSA patients with OA and an intact rotator cuff with no previous history of shoulder surgery had similar clinical and radiographic outcomes. Greater external rotation was noted in aTSA patients at follow-up. However, aTSA patients had a significantly greater rate of complications compared with rTSA patients. rTSA is a viable treatment option in patients with an intact rotator cuff and no previous shoulder surgery, offering similar clinical outcomes with a lower complication rate.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Medikamentell kontroll av tannbehandlingsangst
Authors: Løkken Per , Kvakestad Kari G. 
Published: September 2022

Lystgass
Oral sedasjon
Effekt inntrer
Raskt (2-3 min.)
Langsomt (20-60 min.)
Bra mulighet til å justere effekten
Ja
Nei
Restitusjon
Rask
Hang-over
Restriksjoner etter behandling
Ingen spesielle etter 30 min.
Ikke kjøre bil eller ta viktige avgjørelser
Aksept av pasientene
Vanligvis god
God
Arbeidsforhold for tannlegen
Apparatur kan være i veien
Gode
Økonomi
Dyrt
Rimelig
Krever spesiell autorisasjon
Ja
Nei
Arbeidsmiljøproblem
Ja
Nei
Selv om sedasjon innebærer en viss risiko for komplikasjoner og bivirkninger, vil vanligvis risikoen mer enn utbalanseres av de gunstige effekter som oppnås. Ved å dempe angst og stress kan adekvat sedasjon forebygge utvikling av medisinske krisesituasjoner.
Likevel oppstår et dilemma, fordi tannbehandlingsangst ikke er en formelt godkjent indikasjon for de fleste aktuelle preparater. Mens sedasjon og angstkontroll på den ene side kan være til stor hjelp for pasienten, påtar tannlegen seg et særlig ansvar når legemidler brukes på ikke godkjente indikasjoner og det oppstår komplikasjoner. Det er da spesielt viktig å kunne dokumentere faglige kvalifikasjoner og akseptabelt opplegg for å forebygge og behandle krisesituasjoner.
Som særlig viktig for tannleger som sederer pasienter påpekes følgende (34):
Oppdaterte og adekvate kunnskaper om de aktuelle medikamenters farmakologi og hvordan potensielle uønskede effekter kan forebygges.
Metoder/utstyr for overvåkning av pasientens vitale funksjoner.
Metoder/utstyr for «basic life support». Spesielt viktig er godt innøvede metoder og rutiner for situasjoner med stans i respirasjon/hjertefunksjon.
Regelmessige kurs for å mestre akutte livstruende situasjoner bør være obligatorisk - ikke bare for tannleger som sederer - men for alle tannleger og hele tannhelseteamet (34).