bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Prediction for Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery: External Validation of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator
Authors: Lin Viviane , Gögenur Seyma , Pachler Frederik , Fransgaard Tina , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] require surgery during their disease course. Having individual risk predictions available prior to surgery could aid in better informed decision making for personalised treatment trajectories in IBD surgery. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program [ACS NSQIP] has developed a surgical risk calculator that calculates risks for postoperative outcomes using 20 patient and surgical predictors. We aimed to validate the calculator for IBD surgery to determine its accuracy in this patient cohort.

Methods
Predicted risks were calculated for patients operated for IBD between December 2017 and January 2022 at two tertiary centres and compared with actual outcomes within 30 postoperative days. Predictive performance was assessed for several postoperative complications, using metrics for discrimination and calibration.

Results
Risks were calculated for 508 patient trajectories undergoing surgery for IBD. Incidence of any complication, serious complications, reoperation, and readmission were 32.1%, 21.1%, 15.2%, and 18.3%, respectively. Of 212 patients with an anastomosis, 19 experienced leakage [9.0%]. Discriminative performance and calibration were modest. Risk prediction for any complication, serious complication, reoperation, readmission, and anastomotic leakage had a c statistic of 0.605 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.534-0.640), 0.623 [95% CI 0.558-0.688], 0.590 [95% CI 0.513-0.668], 0.621 [95% CI 0.557-0.685], and 0.574 [95% CI 0.396-0.751], respectively, and a Brier score of 0.240, 0.166, 0.138, 0.152, and 0.113, respectively.

Conclusions
The accuracy of risks calculated by the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator was deemed insufficient for patients undergoing surgery for IBD, generally underestimating postoperative risks. Recalibration or additional variables could be necessary to predict risks in this cohort.
Full-waveform inversion of ground-penetrating radar data in frequency-dependent media involving permittivity attenuation
Authors: Qin Tan , Bohlen Thomas , Allroggen Niklas 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYFull-waveform inversion (FWI) of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data has received particular attention in the past decade because it can provide high-resolution subsurface models of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity. In most GPR FWIs, these two parameters are regarded as frequency independent, which may lead to false estimates if they strongly depend on frequency, such as in shallow weathered zones. In this study, we develop frequency-dependent GPR FWI to solve this problem. Using the τ-method introduced in the research of viscoelastic waves, we define the permittivity attenuation parameter to quantify the attenuation resulting from the complex permittivity and to modify time-domain Maxwell’s equations. The new equations are self-adjoint so that we can use the same forward engine to back-propagate the adjoint sources and easily derive model gradients in GPR FWI. Frequency dependence analysis shows that permittivity attenuation acts as a low-pass filter, distorting the waveform and decaying the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves. The 2-D synthetic examples illustrate that permittivity attenuation has low sensitivity to the surface multioffset GPR data but is necessary for a good reconstruction of permittivity and conductivity models in frequency-dependent GPR FWI. As a comparison, frequency-independent GPR FWI produces more model artefacts and hardly reconstructs conductivity models dominated by permittivity attenuation. The 2-D field example shows that both FWIs reveal a triangle permittivity anomaly which proves to be a refilled trench. However, frequency-dependent GPR FWI provides a better fit to the observed data and a more robust conductivity reconstruction in a high permittivity attenuation environment. Our GPR FWI results are consistent with previous GPR and shallow-seismic measurements. This research greatly expands the application of GPR FWI in more complicated media.
Constraints on hydraulic properties from free pressure oscillations recorded during pumping operations in boreholes
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Victoria Alegría , Renner Jörg 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Free pressure oscillations during pumping operations in boreholes may potentially constrain hydraulic characteristics of the surrounding material. These damped oscillations occur when flow rate is suddenly changed, and their period and decay rate depend on the hydraulic properties of the entire hydraulic system: the porous medium, a section of the borehole, and/or the injection line, depending on test set-up. There have been previous attempts to estimate transmissivity values from free pressure oscillations that occurred during slug tests in open boreholes. The analysis used did not account for viscous losses due to the fluid interacting with the borehole wall. In contrast, dispersion relations of flow waves in a tight borehole (i.e. a cylindrical hole in an impermeable medium) account for wall friction. We extend a previous analytical treatment of flow waves by changing the boundary condition of the fluid velocity at the borehole wall to include fluid exchange between borehole and porous medium. In addition, we performed numerical modelling of waves propagating in boreholes with impermeable and permeable walls to assess the effect of the assumptions behind the analytical solution. We established how to distinguish cases in which the flow into the porous medium affects the oscillation characteristics (suitable for a hydraulic analysis) from those in which the equipment properties dominate the observations. Applying our methods to a range of field observations yielded plausible hydraulic property values of the rock volume surrounding the borehole.
Frequency-difference backprojection of earthquakes
Authors: Neo Jing Ci , Fan Wenyuan , Huang Yihe , Dowling David 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Backprojection has proven useful in imaging large earthquake rupture processes. The method is generally robust and requires relatively simple assumptions about the fault geometry or the Earth velocity model. It can be applied in both the time and frequency domain. Backprojection images are often obtained from records filtered in a narrow frequency band, limiting its ability to uncover the whole rupture process. Here, we develop and apply a novel frequency-difference backprojection (FDBP) technique to image large earthquakes, which imitates frequencies below the bandwidth of the signal. The new approach originates from frequency-difference beamforming, which was initially designed to locate acoustic sources. Our method stacks the phase-difference of frequency pairs, given by the autoproduct, and is less affected by scattering and -time errors from 3-D Earth structures. It can potentially locate sources more accurately, albeit with lower resolution. In this study, we first develop the FDBP algorithm and then validate it by performing synthetic tests. We further compare two stacking techniques of the FDBP method, Band Width Averaged Autoproduct and its counterpart (BWAP and non-BWAP), and their effects in the backprojection images. We then apply both the FDBP and conventional backprojection methods to the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake as a case study. The backprojection results from the two methods agree well with each other, and we find that the peak radiation loci of the FDBP non-BWAP snapshots have standard error of less than 0.33° during the rupture process. The FDBP method shows promise in resolving complex earthquake rupture processes in tectonically complex regions.
Comparative analysis of the optimum cluster number determination algorithms in clustering GPS velocities
Authors: Özarpacı Seda , Kılıç Batuhan , Bayrak Onur Can , Özdemir Alpay , Yılmaz Yalçın , Floyd Michael 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
The Global Positioning System (GPS), although it has existed for only 30 years, is an important source for active tectonics, resulting in estimates of plate motions very close to geologic estimates over millions of years. GPS is also used for elastic block models to calculate slip rates for a better understanding of Earth’s active crustal deformation. GPS-derived velocity fields may be used as the basis for clustering analysis to create a preliminary definition of block geometry. In this study, we used published horizontal velocity fields to evaluate the effects of data dependences on determining the optimum number of clusters with algorithms. For this purpose, we used different variations of velocity fields in Turkey and tested four different algorithms that are Davies–Bouldin index, the elbow method, GAP statistics algorithm and the silhouette method. We also clustered velocity components with the k-means technique and compared the results with previous studies.
Region-Specific Enhancement of c-fos Expression by Combined Treatment With NMDA Receptor Agonists and Antagonists With Antidepressant Potential
Authors: Vasilescu Andrei-Nicolae , Pfeiffer Natascha , Terraneo Federica , Riva Marco Andrea , Lang Undine E , Inta Dragos , Gass Peter 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Rapastinel, formerly Glyx-13, is a novel positive allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) that counteracts psychotomimetic actions of NMDAR antagonists. We set out to evaluate the effect of rapastinel alone or in combination with the global and GluN2B subunit–specific NMDAR antagonists MK-801 and Ro25-6981, respectively, on neuronal activation in relevant regions using c-fos brain mapping. Whereas rapastinel alone did not trigger significant c-fos expression beyond the prelimbic cortex, it strongly increased the c-fos expression induced by MK-801 in hippocampal, cingulate, and retrosplenial areas. Similar results were obtained when rapastinel was replaced by D-cycloserine. Our results reveal new interactions at network level between NMDAR modulators with possible implications regarding their therapeutic effects.
Aggressive histological component in subsolid lung adenocarcinoma: priority for resection without delay
Authors: Yotsukura Masaya , Nakagawa Kazuo , Takemura Chihiro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Ito Kimiteru , Watanabe Hirokazu , Kusumoto Masahiko , Yatabe Yasushi , Watanabe Shun-ichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
This study explored the predictors of a histological aggressive component in ground glass opacity-containing lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Of the 2388 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer at our institute between 2017 and 2020, we collected data on the 501 patients with ground glass opacity-containing adenocarcinoma with a total diameter of ≤2 cm. Using a historical cohort, we identified histological aggressive components that were related to a poor prognosis in early-stage adenocarcinoma. A multivariable analysis was conducted to identify predictors for the presence of a histological aggressive component.

Results
Lymphovascular invasion and predominant micropapillary or solid patterns were identified as histological aggressive components by a prognostic analysis using a historical cohort. Of the 501 patients included, 36 (7.2%) had at least one histological aggressive component. A multivariate analysis showed that a consolidation/tumour ratio &gt; 0.5 (P &lt; 0.01), maximum standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography ≥1.5 (P = 0.01) and smoking index &gt;20 pack-years (P = 0.01) were predictors of the presence of a histological aggressive component. A total of 98% of cases without any of the above factors did not have a histological aggressive component.

Conclusions
Approximately 7% of ground glass opacity-containing small adenocarcinomas contained histological aggressive component. A consolidation/tumour ratio &gt; 0.5, maximum standardized uptake value ≥ 1.5 and smoking index &gt;20 pack-years were predictors for such cases. These predictors may be useful for screening patients with a potentially high risk of a poor prognosis and for prioritizing resection without delay.
Medical management of older patients with lung cancer
Authors: Zenke Yoshitaka , Hakozaki Taiki , Nakahara Yoshiro , Horinouchi Hidehito , Ohe Yuichiro ,   the Lung Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG), Barber Joe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death globally. In addition, its incidence increases with age, with approximately half of all cases diagnosed in patients aged ≥70. Molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer have markedly improved outcomes over the past two decades. Despite the high incidence of lung cancer in older people, most trials excluded such patients from enrollment. Therefore, the optimal treatment strategies for older patients remain unclear. The present review summarizes the published literature and provides guidance on the treatment of older patients with lung cancer within three broad stages: (i) early-stage lung cancer, (ii) locally advanced lung cancer and (iii) metastatic lung cancer. We also discuss the use of the latest evidence for older patients.
γ-Terpinene complexed with β-cyclodextrin attenuates spinal neuroactivity in animals with cancer pain by Ca2+ channel block
Authors: Pina Lícia T S , Rabelo Thallita K , Trindade Gabriela G G , Almeida Iggo K S , Oliveira Marlange A , dos Santos Priscila L , Souza Diego Santos , de Menezes-Filho José E R , de Vasconcelos Carla Maria Lins , Santos Sandra L , Scotti Luciana , Scotti Marcus T , Araújo Adriano A S , Quintans Jullyana S S , Quintans Lucindo J , Guimarães Adriana G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Considering that γ-terpinene (γ-TPN) is a monoterpene found in Cannabis oil, with high lipophilicity and limited pharmacokinetics, our objective was to evaluate whether its complexation in β-cyclodextrin (γ-TPN/β-CD) could improve its physicochemical properties and action on cancer pain, as well as verify the mechanisms of action involved.

Methods
The γ-TPN/β-CD was prepared and submitted to physicochemical characterization. Animals with sarcoma 180 were treated (vehicle, γ-TPN 50 mg/kg, γ-TPN/β-CD 5 mg/kg or morphine) and assessed for hyperalgesia, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, iNOS and c-Fos activity. The effects of γ-TPN on calcium channels were studied by patch-clamp and molecular docking.

Results
β-CD improved the physicochemical properties and prolonged the anti-hyperalgesic effect of γ-TPN. This compound also reduced the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the tumour, and c-Fos protein in the spinal cord. In addition, it reduced Ca2+ current, presenting favourable chemical interactions with different voltage-dependent calcium channels.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the complexation of γ-TPN into β-CD increases its stability and time effect, reducing spinal neuroactivity and inflammation by blocking calcium channels.
Increased Levels of ANGPTL3 and CTRP9 in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Their Relation to Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Fadaei Reza , Azadi Samaneh Mohassel , Laher Ismail , Khazaie Habibolah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a close relation with obesity and perturbation in adipokines and hepatokines, which are linked to OSA consequences such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the relation of C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) with OSA and biochemical measurements.

Methods
Serum levels of ANGPTL3, CTRP9, adiponectin, leptin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) were determined in 74 OSA patients and 27 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results
Levels of ANGPTL3, CTRP9, leptin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were increased in the patients compared to the controls, whereas adiponectin levels decreased. ANGPTL3 had a positive correlation with total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 and was inversely correlated with leptin. CTRP9 showed a positive correlation with body mass index, insulin resistance, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1.

Conclusion
The results indicated the relation of ANGLTP3 and CTRP9 with OSA and its complications, which suggested a possible role for these factors in the consequences of OSA.
Comparison between the Sofia SARS Antigen FIA Test and the PCR Test in Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Černila Manca , Logar Mateja , Možina Hugon , Osredkar Joško 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare Quidel’s rapid antigen test Sofia SARS antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA) (Sofia) with the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test.MethodsTwo samples were taken from each test subject—1 for testing with the Sofia test and 1 for testing with the rRT-PCR test. In total, swabs were taken from 146 subjects who presented symptoms of infection (group 1) and 672 subjects who were tested regardless of symptoms (group 2).ResultsIn group 1, the sensitivity of the antigen test was 90.0% and its specificity 97.5%. In group 2, however, the sensitivity of the antigen test was 81.4% and the specificity 98.9%. In addition to asymptomatic patients, false-negative results of rapid antigen tests also occurred in subjects with high threshold values (cycle threshold &gt; 30).ConclusionOur results show that the Sofia test meets the standards for diagnostic tests according to the criteria of the World Health Organization, as they show high sensitivity and specificity, and perhaps most importantly, a high negative predictive value (&gt; 95%).
Numerical simulations of a two-fluid jet at a magnetic null point in a solar arcade
Authors: González-Avilés J J , Murawski K , Zaqarashvili T V 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the formation and evolution of jets in the solar atmosphere using numerical simulations of partially ionized plasma. The two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic equations with ion+electron and neutral hydrogen components are used in two-dimensional Cartesian geometry. Numerical simulations show that a localized non-linear Gaussian pulse of ion and neutral pressures initially launched from the magnetic null point of a potential arcade located below the transition region quickly develops into a shock due to the decrease of density with height. The shock propagates upwards into the solar corona and lifts the cold and dense chromospheric plasma behind in the form of a collimated jet with an inverted-Y shape. The inverted-Y shape of jets is connected with the topology of a magnetic null point. The pulse also excites a non-linear wake in the chromosphere, which leads to quasi-periodic secondary shocks. The secondary shocks lift the chromospheric plasma upwards and create quasi-periodic jets in the lower corona. Ion and neutral fluids show generally similar behaviour, but their relative velocity is higher near the upper part of the jets, which leads to enhanced temperature or heating due to ion–neutral collisions. Simulations of jets with an inverted-Y shape and their heating may explain the properties of some jets observed in the solar atmosphere.
Prospects of strongly lensed fast radio bursts: simultaneous measurement of post-Newtonian parameter and Hubble constant
Authors: Gao Ran , Li Zhengxiang , Gao He 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing effect is a powerful tool to probe cosmological models and gravity theories. Recently, the time-delay cosmography from strong lensing and the stellar kinematics of the deflector, which encode the Hubble constant and the post-Newtonian parameter via two distance ratios reflecting the lensing mass and dynamical mass, respectively, have been proposed to investigate these two parameters simultaneously. Among strong-lensing systems with different sources, strongly lensed fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been proposed as precision probes of the universe since the time-delay ∼ 10 d between images could be measured extremely precisely because of their short duration of a few milliseconds. In this work, we investigate the ability of strongly lensed FRBs on simultaneously estimating these two parameters via simulations. Take the expected FRB detection rate of upcoming facilities and lensing probability into consideration, it is likely to accumulate 10 lensed FRBs in several years and we find that H0 could be determined to an $\sim 1.5{{\,\rm per\,cent}}$ precision and γPPN could be constrained to an $\sim 8.7{{\,\rm per\,cent}}$ precision simultaneously from them. These simultaneous estimations will be helpful for properly reflecting the possible correlation between these two fundamental parameters.
NGC 3147: a prototypical low-luminosity active galactic nucleus with double-peaked optical and ultraviolet lines
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Chiaberge Marco , Laor Ari , Antonucci Robert , Bagul Atharva , Capetti Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
A previous narrow-slit (0.1 arcsec) Hubble Space Telescope observation unveiled a broad relativistic Hα profile in NGC 3147, a low-luminosity (Lbol ∼ 1042 erg s−1), low-Eddington ratio (Lbol/LEdd ∼ 10−4) active galactic nucleus (AGN), formerly believed to be a candidate true type 2 AGN intrinsically lacking the broad-line region. The new observations presented here confirm the double-peaked profile of the Hα line, which further shows variability both in flux and in the inner radius of the emitting disc with respect to the previous epoch. Similar disc line profiles are also found in prominent ultraviolet (UV) lines, in particular Lyα and C iv. The new data also allow us to build a simultaneous subarcsec optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution of NGC 3147, which is characterized by the absence of a thermal UV bump, and an emission peak in the X-rays. The resulting very flat αox = −0.82 is typical of low-luminosity AGNs, and is in good agreement with the extrapolation to low luminosities of the well-known trend with luminosity observed in a standard AGN. Indeed, we are possibly observing the accretion disc emission in NGC 3147 in the optical, close to the expected peak. On the other hand, the steep −2 UV power law may be Comptonization of that cold disc by a warm corona, what is instead generally observed as a ‘soft excess’ in a more luminous AGN.
Detailed evolutionary models for twins in sight of new spectral data: AN Cam, RS Ari, and V455 Aur
Authors: Yücel Gökhan , Bakış Volkan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the evolutionary scenarios for three eclipsing twin (q(M2/M1) ∼1) binary systems using their combined spectroscopic and photometric data. Using accurate TESS photometric data, RV measurements, and spectroscopic data enabled us to calculate fundamental parameters, such as mass and radius, better than 2 per cent. The temperature of each component and metallicity of the systems have been obtained via high-resolution spectra. According to our spectral analysis, the metallicity values of AN Cam, RS Ari, and V455 Aur are [M/H] =  0.00 ± 0.12, 0.05 ± 0.08, and −0.07 ± 0.07, respectively. Using the derived metallicity for each system, initial orbital parameters, and detailed evolutionary status of these three systems are calculated with high precision by using mesa. According to our analysis, both components of AN Cam have passed the terminal-age main sequence (TAMS), the primary component of RS Ari is in the giant phase while the secondary component has passed the TAMS, finally, both components of V455 Aur are still on the main sequence. The current ages of the three systems AN Cam, RS Ari, and V455 Aur are 3.0, 3.3, and 1.4 Gyr, respectively, and they will approximately start to transfer mass between components in 400, 250, and 2700 Myr, respectively.