bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 2: A large, quasi-representative, longitudinal survey measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain
Authors: Dema Emily , Conolly Anne , Willis Malachi , Copas Andrew J. , Clifton Soazig , Blake Margaret , Riddell Julie , Bosó Pérez Raquel , Tanton Clare , Bonell Chris , Sonnenberg Pam , Mercer Catherine H. , Mitchell Kirstin R. , Field Nigel 
Published: June 2022

Background: The National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles COVID study (Natsal-COVID) was designed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on Britain’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Natsal-COVID Wave 1 survey and qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted in 2020. The Wave 2 survey was designed to capture one-year prevalence estimates for key SRH outcomes and measure changes over the first year of the pandemic. We describe the Wave 2 survey methodology and assess the sample representativeness. Methods: Natsal-COVID Wave 2 was conducted March-April 2021; approximately one year after the start of Britain’s first national lockdown. Data were collected using an online web-panel survey administered by Ipsos. The sample comprised a longitudinal sample of Wave 1 participants who had agreed to re-contact plus a sample of participants residing in Britain, aged 18-59, including a boost sample comprising people aged 18-29. Questions covered reproductive health, relationships, sexual behaviour and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British population. Comparisons were made with recent national probability surveys, Natsal-3 (2010-12) and Natsal-COVID Wave 1 to understand bias. Results: A total of 6,658 individuals completed the survey. In terms of gender, age, ethnicity, and rurality, the weighted Natsal-COVID Wave 2 sample was like the general population. Participants were less likely to be married or to report being in good health than the general population. The longitudinal sample (n=2,098) were broadly like participants who only took part in Wave 1 but were older. Among the sexually active, longitudinal participants were less likely to report multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner in the past year compared to those who only took part in Wave 1. Conclusions: Natsal-COVID collected longitudinal, quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the population-level impact of COVID-19 on SRH and to inform policy.
Normal bilirubinemia downregulates the power spectral density of the θ and Δ rhythm, instead upregulates the β rhythm and sympatho-vagal balance in adults humans
Authors: Korda Mykhaylo , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Kuchma Igor , Korda Inna , Popadynets’ Oleksandr , Badiuk Nataliya , Korolyshyn Tetyana , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: June 2022

Background. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has been known to damage neural function. Our goal is to determine whether the neurotropic activity of normal bilirubinemia in adults is evident. Methods. The object of observation were 77 volunteers: 30 women and 47 men aged 49±13 (26 ÷ 76) years without clinical diagnosis. Testing was performed twice with an interval of 4 ÷ 10 days. We determined the plasma levels of the direct and free bilirubin, recorded EEG and HRV followed by analysis of correlations between parameters. Results. Significant downregulating effect of bilirubinemia was found on power spectrum density (PSD) theta and delta rhythm. In contrast, bilirubinemia has an upregulating effect on PSD beta rhythm and sympatho-vagal balance. The canonical correlation between direct & free bilirubin levels, on the one hand, and EEG & HRV parameters, on the other hand, is very strong: R=0,808; R2=0,654; χ2(80)=191; p<10-6 (n=154). A similar canonical correlation was found between individual changes in parameters: R=0,753; R2=0,568; χ2(48)=83; p=0,001 (n=74). Conclusion. Even normal bilirubinemia has an downregulating effect on mainly theta and delta rhythm-generating nuclei and vagal tone, while upregulating effects on sympathetic tone and beta rhythm-generating nuclei.
The role of geriatricians in hospital palliative care units for elderly patients affected by end stage diseases
Authors: Sganga Federica , Salerno Andrea , Frizza Alessandro , Turriziani Adriana , Barillaroa Christian , Bernabei Roberto 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To show the importance of geriatricians in the assessment and treatment of patients with terminal illnesses requiring palliative care. Methods: This was a retrospective epidemiological study, in which the authors used data relating to 229 patients with terminal stage cancer/advanced chronic diseases, which were evaluated by a palliative care team and collected from January to December 2018. Results: The average age of the sample was 72 years. The sample was divided into two groups, called ‘advanced cancer’ (N=161, 70.3%) and ‘advanced chronic diseases’ (N=68, 29.6%). The authors found that patients with advanced chronic diseases had the highest age, highest number of comorbidities and higher indicators of complex care. The authors also showed that, in advanced chronic diseases, the factors that are associated with increased hospital death are: bedridden (OR=3,778; 95% CI=1,371-10,409), dysphagia (OR=2,038; 95% CI=1,005-4,133) and a higher number of diseases (OR=1,446; 95% CI=1,179–1,774). Discussion: Given these findings, there is a high prevalence of elderly hospitalised patients with advanced chronic end-stage disease, a classic geriatric condition, who need access to palliative care services. Conclusion: The authors believe that an increase in geriatricians dedicated to palliative care services is needed to ensure that these patients have equal access to continuity of care services and optimal treatment.
Rehabilitation processes, stress and depression in patients with spinal cord injury during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: a telephone survey
Authors: Atici Arzu , Kaysin Meryem Yılmaz , Akpinar Pinar , Ozkan Feyza Unlu , Aktas Ilknur 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Spinal cord injury is a chronic disease that can develop various complications and multisystem dysfunctions. Patients with spinal cord injury need long-term follow up and rehabilitation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people had to observe social distancing and stay at home. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rehabilitation and health status of patients with spinal cord injury and assesses their stress levels and depression status. Methods A telephone-based survey was conducted with patients followed up by a spinal cord injury outpatient clinic about rehabilitation processes and any health problems experienced. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, while depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Demographic characteristics, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale levels, Functional Ambulation Categories and Spinal Cord Independence Measure scores were retrieved from the patients' files. Results The study included 115 patients, none of whom had contracted COVID-19. Of these patients, 44.3% joined the rehabilitation programme before the pandemic, and 3.5% had been able to participate in the rehabilitation programme during the pandemic. An increase in spasticity was recorded in 43.5% of the respondents, an increase of neuropathic pain was recorded in 37.4% of patients and complaints of neurogenic bladder and neurogenic bowel increased by 26.1% and 16.5% respectively. In addition, 4.3% reported novel decubitus ulcers, while 5.2% reported having experienced autonomic dysreflexia episodes. The Perceived Stress Scale scores were 18.32 ± 5.91. No significant difference was detected between the Beck Depression Inventory scores taken at the time of the study and those recorded before the pandemic. Conclusions An insufficiency in the rehabilitation process was noted among patients with spinal cord injuries, accompanied by increased complications. New approaches need to be developed to ensure that the rehabilitation processes of patients with spinal cord injury are not interrupted during a pandemic, and that patients' mental health is not ignored.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by canine olfaction
Authors: GRANDJEAN Dominique , ELIE Caroline , GALLET Capucine , JULIEN Clotilde , ROGER Vinciane , DESQUILBET Loïc , ALVERGNAT Guillaume , DELARUE Séverine , GABASSI Audrey , MINIER Marine , CHOUPEAUX Laure , KERNEIS Solen , DELAUGERRE Constance , LE GOFF Jérôme , TRELUYER Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2022

Background
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, testing individuals remains a key action. One approach to rapid testing is to consider the olfactory capacities of trained detection dogs.

Methods
Prospective cohort study in two community COVID-19 screening centers. Two nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), one saliva and one sweat samples were simultaneously collected. The dog handlers (and the dogs…) were blinded with regards to the Covid status. The diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by canine olfaction was assessed as compared to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR as the reference standard, saliva RT-PCR and nasopharyngeal antigen testing.

Results
335 ambulatory adults (143 symptomatic and 192 asymptomatic) were included. Overall, 109/335 participants tested positive on nasopharyngeal RT-PCR either in symptomatic (78/143) or in asymptomatic participants (31/192). The overall sensitivity of canine detection was 97% (95% CI, 92 to 99) and even reached 100% (95% CI, 89 to 100) in asymptomatic individuals compared to NPS RT-PCR. The specificity was 91% (95% CI, 72 to 91), reaching 94% (95% CI, 90 to 97) for asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity of canine detection was higher than that of nasopharyngeal antigen testing (97% CI: 91 to 99 versus 84% CI: 74 to 90, p = 0.006), but the specificity was lower (90% CI: 84 to 95 versus 97% CI: 93 to 99, p = 0.016).

Conclusions
Non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by canine olfaction could be one alternative to NPS RT-PCR when it is necessary to obtain a result very quickly according to the same indications as antigenic tests in the context of mass screening.
Perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity in adults living in activity-friendly urban environments: A qualitative study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Madhawa , Arambepola Carukshi , Gillison Fiona , Peacock Oliver , Thompson Dylan 
Published: June 2022

Background
Despite reforming health policies to create more enabling environments, insufficient physical activity in Sri Lanka remains a major public health issue. Socio-culture specific determinants underlying the physical activity of adults living in such environments need to be identified. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators for physical activity, as perceived by adult urban dwellers in activity-friendly environments in Colombo District, Sri Lanka.

Methods
A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted among adults aged 20–60 years living in an urban area which has been recently re-designed for recreational and rejuvenating purposes in Sri Lanka. Recruitment targeted varying socio-economic status and risk of non-communicable diseases; and was continued until the data saturation point was reached. Interviews were conducted in homes, primary healthcare units and fitness centres, and were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis.

Results
A total of 31 eligible and consenting adults were interviewed. Of the reported barriers to physical activity, lack of time was very common. Other frequently reported barriers included unpleasant experiences following exercise and misconceptions about exercise, whereas physical environmental factors, weather and road safety were reported less frequently. All participants reported at least one facilitator for engaging in exercise. Expectations of preventing diseases, improving health, physical fitness, psycho-social wellbeing, optimising body functions and increasing lifespan were frequently cited as reasons to be active, while social factors such as positive attitudes of family members and the influence of peers were found to be motivating.

Conclusions
The study showed that while participants valued the health benefits of physical activity and refurbished activity-friendly urban environments, these were not sufficient to support them to overcome key perceived barriers to being physically active.
Nasogastric tube in mechanical ventilated patients: ETCO2 and pH measuring to confirm correct placement. A pilot study
Authors: Ceruti Samuele , Dell’Era Simone , Ruggiero Francesco , Bona Giovanni , Glotta Andrea , Biggiogero Maira , Tasciotti Edoardo , Kronenberg Christoph , Lollo Gianluca , Saporito Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a procedure commonly performed in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. Chest X-Ray is the diagnostic gold-standard to confirm its correct placement, with the downsides of requiring MV patients’ mobilization and of intrinsic actinic risk. Other potential methods to confirm NGT placement have shown lower accuracy compared to chest X-ray; end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and pH analysis have already been singularly investigated as an alternative to the gold standard. Aim of this study was to determine threshold values in ETCO2 and pH measurement at which correct NGT positioning can be confirmed with the highest accuracy.

Materials & methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, observational trial; a continuous cohort of eligible patients was allocated with site into two arms. Patients underwent general anesthesia, orotracheal intubation and MV; in the first and second group we respectively assessed the difference between tracheal and esophageal ETCO2 and between esophageal and gastric pH values.

Results
From November 2020 to March 2021, 85 consecutive patients were enrolled: 40 in the ETCO2 group and 45 in the pH group. The ETCO2 ROC analysis for predicting NGT tracheal misplacement demonstrated an optimal ETCO2 cutoff value of 25.5 mmHg, with both sensitivity and specificity reaching 1.0 (AUC 1.0, p < 0.001). The pH ROC analysis for predicting NGT correct gastric placement resulted in an optimal pH cutoff value of 4.25, with mild diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.79, p < 0.001).

Discussion
In patients receiving MV, ETCO2 and pH measurements respectively identified incorrect and correct NGT placement, allowing the identification of threshold values potentially able to improve correct NGT positioning.

Trial registration
NCT03934515 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Ultrasonographic findings in patients with abdominal symptoms or trauma presenting to an emergency room in rural Tanzania
Authors: Bauer Max , Kitila Faraja , Mwasongwe Ipyana , Abdallah Issa S. , Siongo Evelyne , Kasunga Sylvester , Gingo Winfrid , Ndege Robert , Hasler Karin , Paris Daniel H. , Weisser Maja , Rohacek Martin 
Published: June 2022

Background
Frequencies of ultrasonographic findings and diagnoses in emergency departments in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. This study aimed to describe the frequencies of different sonographic findings and diagnoses found in patients with abdominal symptoms or trauma presenting to a rural referral hospital in Tanzania.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, we consecutively enrolled patients with abdominal symptoms or trauma triaged to the emergency room of the Saint Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara. Patients with abdominal symptoms received an abdominal ultrasound. Patients with an abdominal or thoracic trauma received an Extended Focused Assessment with Ultrasound in Trauma (eFAST).

Results
From July 1st 2020 to June 30th 2021, a total of 88838 patients attended the emergency department, of which 7590 patients were triaged as ‘very urgent’ and were seen at the emergency room. A total of 1130 patients with abdominal symptoms received an ultrasound. The most frequent findings were abnormalities of the uterus or adnexa in 409/754 females (54.2%) and abdominal free fluid in 368 (32.6%) patients; no abnormality was found in 150 (13.5%) patients. A tumour in the abdomen or pelvis was found in 183 (16.2%) patients, an intrauterine pregnancy in 129/754 (17.1%) females, complete or incomplete abortion in 96 (12.7%), and a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 32 (4.2%) females. In males, most common diagnosis was intestinal obstruction in 54/376 (14.4%), and splenomegaly in 42 (11.2%). Of 1556 trauma patients, 283 (18.1%) received an eFAST, and 53 (18.7%) had positive findings. A total of 27 (9.4%) trauma patients and 51 (4.5%) non-trauma patients were sent directly to the operating theatre.

Conclusion
In this study, ultrasound examination revealed abnormal findings for the majority of patients with non-traumatic abdominal symptoms. Building up capacity to provide diagnostic ultrasound is a promising strategy to improve emergency services, especially in a setting where diagnostic modalities are limited.
Languages of Resistance, Transformation and Futurity in Mediterranean Crisis-Scapes: From Crisis to Critique, Maria Boletsi, Janna Houwen and Liesbeth Minnaard (eds) (2021)
Authors: Zaccone Francesca 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Languages of Resistance, Transformation and Futurity in Mediterranean Crisis-Scapes: From Crisis to Critique, Maria Boletsi, Janna Houwen and Liesbeth Minnaard (eds) (2021)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 312 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03036-414-4, h/bk, €114.39,
ISBN 978-3-03036-417-5, p/bk, €83.19,
ISBN 978-3-03036-415-1, e-book, €93.08
Factors affecting English-speaking learners’ acquisition of Chinese relative clauses with demonstrative classifier phrases
Authors: Du Hui-Ming Lois , Chen Chun-Yin Doris , Hsieh Fang-Yen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The current empirical research aimed to investigate native English-speaking learners’ acquisition of Chinese relative clauses (RCs) by conducting two studies. Study I explored the participants’ performance on gapped and gapless relative clauses (RCs) and their interpretation of demonstrative classifier (DCL)-relative clauses. Study II further investigated the participants’ interpretation of DCL-first and DCL-second RCs and discussed contextual effect. Different tasks were designed in the two studies: a sentence-unscrambling (SU) task and an acceptability judgement (AJ) task in Study I; and an interpretation (IT) task in Study II. A total of 20 L2 learners and 20 native speakers of Mandarin participated in our research. The overall results obtained from Study I revealed that gapped RCs were easier to produce and accept than gapless RCs, and learner performance was influenced by DCL position. Moreover, the L2 learners’ L1 knowledge was found to affect their production, but the task effect was not significant. In Study II, DCL-first RCs were found to be as difficult as DCL-second RCs for the L2 learners to interpret. The non-restrictive and restrictive interpretations of DCL-first RCs were found to be much more comprehensible. Finally, the L2 learners’ interpretation of RCs having DCL phrases in different positions showed a tendency of a contextual effect.
An unusual case of the congenital mesenchymal hamartoma of the neck associated with the midline cervical cleft in neonate
Authors: Nađ Ida , Šijak Dorotea , Jurica Sonja Anić , Jakovčević Antonia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hamartomas are non-neoplastic developmental anomalies, mostly congenital, characterized by uncontrolled, disorganized proliferation of local endogenous tissue, which can normally be found at the site of origin and are very often mesodermally derived. It is well known that hamartoma can be associated with congenital midline cervical cleft and therefore cause a variety of symptoms. In general, they are benign and indolent, but they can be the cause of complex morbidity if they are localized within specific regions, such as the head and neck, which represent highly sensitive and vulnerable areas.

Case presentation
The reported case is unusual because of the presence of a congenital mesenchymal hamartoma along with the median cervical cleft, in a 1-day-old neonate, without the presence of any respiratory symptoms or associated congenital features. Although extremely rare, hamartomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of congenital neck masses, with emphasis on diagnostic approach, to avoid overly aggressive treatment and possible complications, such as infection, further mass growth, malignant transformation and compression of the adjacent neck structures.

Conclusions
Appropriate and timely treatment of the hamartoma of the neck in neonates, with further follow-up is necessary to avoid an overly aggressive treatment and to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, which is necessary for successful curative outcome.
Influence of selected physical parameters on vibroinsulation of base-exited vibratory conveyors
Authors: Czubak Piotr , Gajowy Marek 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Vibrating conveyors tend to transfer dynamic forces to the ground. One way to vibroinsulate such systems from the environment is to use dynamic methods to eliminate vibrations. Due to this phenomenon, the forces transferred to the ground are reduced. This article attempts to identify important elements determining the design of an antiresonance-type conveyor. The study of dynamic phenomena was based on two models of such conveyors with two and six degrees of freedom (with the phenomenon of self-synchronization). In this work, the impacts of various types of suspension and the ratio of the body mass to the mass of the conveyor trough on forces transmitted to the ground are analysed.
Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Eno Ededet A. , Louis Hitler , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Agwamba Ernest C. , Etim Anita T. , Mbonu Justina I. , Edet Henry O. , Egemoye ThankGod , Adegoke Kayode A. , Ameuru Umar S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, synthesis, characterization, DFT, TD-DFT study of some novel reactive azobenzoquinoline dye structures to elucidate their photovoltaic properties. The azobenzoquinoline compounds were experimentally synthesized through a series of reaction routes starting from acenaphthene to obtained aminododecylnaphthalimide and finally coupled with diazonium salts to get the desired azobenzoquinoline. Azo dye synthesized differ in the number of alkyl chains designated as (AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4) which were experimentally analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The synthesized structures were modelled for computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with B3LYP and 6-31+G(d) basis set level of theory. The results showed that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap was steady at approximately 2.8 eV as the alkyl chain increases, which has been proven to be within the material energy gap limit for application in photovoltaic. The highest intramolecular natural bond orbital (NBO) for the studied compounds is 27.60, 55.06, 55.06, and 55.04 kcal/mol for AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4 respectively and the donor and acceptor interacting orbitals for the highest stabilization energy (E
(2)) are LP(1)N
18 and π*C
16−O
19 respectively. The photovoltaic properties in terms of light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), Short circuit current density (J
SC), Gibbs free energy of injection (ΔG
inj), open-circuit voltage (V
OC) and Gibbs free energy of regeneration (ΔG
reg) were evaluated to be within the required limit for DSSC design. Overall, the obtained theoretical photovoltaic results were compared with other experimental and computational findings, thus, are in excellent agreement for organic solar cell design.