bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypokalaemia in patients treated with intravenous flucloxacillin: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Leegwater Emiel , Westgeest Annette C. , Schippers Emile F. , Wilms Erik B. , van Nieuwkoop Cees , Visser Loes E. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionHypokalaemia is a potentially life‐threatening adverse event of flucloxacillin with unknown incidence. The risk of flucloxacillin‐induced hypokalaemia has recently been suggested to be increased among females compared to males. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and to determine the influence of sex and other risk factors on flucloxacillin‐induced hypokalaemia.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre cohort study was performed. Patients treated with intravenous flucloxacillin for >24 hours between January 2017 and October 2020, a baseline potassium level of ≥3.5 mmol/L and potassium measurement during treatment were included. The primary endpoint was incidence of hypokalaemia defined as the percentage of patients with a potassium measurement <3.5 mmol/L during flucloxacillin treatment. Logistic regression modelling was used to establish risk factors for hypokalaemia.ResultsA total of 835 patients were included, 58.2% male and median age 71.0 years (interquartile range 61.0‐81.0). The incidence of hypokalaemia was 23.7% (28.4% in females vs 20.4% in males). A dose‐dependent relation between sex and the incidence of hypokalaemia was found. The risk of hypokalaemia was 4.41 (95% confidence interval 1.47‐13.24) times higher in females compared to males when receiving a flucloxacillin dose of >8 g/24 h. No sex differences were found for lower daily doses. Other risk factors for hypokalaemia were older age, concomitant antibiotic use, lower bodyweight, lower baseline plasma potassium concentration and longer treatment duration.ConclusionHypokalaemia is a frequent complication in patients treated with intravenous flucloxacillin. Females receiving >8 g intravenous flucloxacillin per day are more prone to develop hypokalaemia compared to males.
Burial wedges—Evidence for prolonged progressive burial of the Paradox Basin salt walls—With a detailed example from Gypsum Valley, Colorado
Authors: Langford Richard P. , Giles Katherine A. , Rowan Mark G. , McFarland Joshua , Heness Liz , Lankford‐Bravo David , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Soltero Alondra , Bailey Claire 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany Paradox Basin passive salt diapirs underwent a prolonged history (>65 my) of progressive burial during the Early Triassic to Jurassic. Burial is recorded by a series of geographically limited wedge‐shaped stratal panels of diapiric roof, termed ‘burial wedges’, which partly covered the diapirs, thereby gradually narrowing them. Tectonostratigraphic analysis of the Triassic Chinle Fm. burial wedge developed on the Gypsum Valley diapir illustrates the typical features and processes associated with burial wedges. Burial wedges represent the first description of the geometry and deposition of strata deposited on a partially buried diapir. Recognition of burial wedges allows reinterpretation of Paradox Basin diapirs where large areas of the roof strata were syndepositionally folded rather than deformed in the Neogene. The observations and concepts can also be applied to the terminal histories of passive salt diapirs in other salt basins. Preserved burial wedges cover 97 km2, or 64% of the original Gypsum Valley diapir and overlie regional unconformities. Onlapping strata stack into wedge halokinetic sequences (HS). Caprock‐clast conglomerates indicate deposition on exposed diapirs. Syndepositional deformation of burial wedge strata formed small synclinal ‘microbasins’ and contractional chevron folds trending subparallel to the diapir margin. A four‐stage burial wedge model includes the following: (1) erosion of the diapir roof during formation of regional unconformities; (2) onlap and partial burial of the diapir; (3) local dissolution and possible concomitant gravity‐driven folding and (4) ongoing rotation during deposition, forming wedge HS signifying continued inflation of the top of the diapir. Post formation, the burial wedges were deformed in ways that obscure their original geometry. The most common deformation is downwarping of the burial wedge into the diapir due to dissolution or lateral movement of salt, creating an anticlinal fold that overlies the underlying diapir margin. These anticlines may be offset on small normal faults subparallel to the diapir margin. Burial wedges were faulted during later diapir breaching and solution collapse.
Macroeconomic uncertainty and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Measure and impacts on the Canadian economy
Authors: Moran Kevin , Stevanovic Dalibor , Touré Adam Kader 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper constructs a measure of Canadian macroeconomic uncertainty, by applying the Jurado et al. (2015) method to a large database. This measure reveals that the COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with a very sharp rise of macroeconomic uncertainty in Canada, confirming other results showing similar large increases in uncertainty in the United States and elsewhere. The paper then uses a structural vector autoregression to compute the impacts on the Canadian economy of uncertainty shocks calibrated to match these recent COVID‐induced increases. We show that such shocks lead to severe economic downturns, lower inflation and persistent accommodating measures from monetary policy. Important distinctions emerge depending on whether the shock is interpreted as originating from US uncertainty—in which case the downturn is deep but relatively short—or from Canadian uncertainty, which leads to more protracted declines in economic activity.
De novo variants in AGO1 recapitulate a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype
Authors: Niu Yue , Qian Qiaoqiao , Li Juan , Gong Pan , Jiao Xianru , Mao Xiao , Xiao Bo , Long Lili , Yang Zhixian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAGO1, as one of the rare genes in neurodevelopmental disorders, is involved in the microRNA‐induced silencing complex. Here, we describe the clinical and genetic features of 18 individuals with de novo AGO1 variants: four new and 14 previously reported. Three variants are identified: two in‐frame deletion variants and one missense variant. The spectrum of AGO1‐related disorders included global development delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID) with or without epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia and dysmorphisms. Focal seizures are the most common type of seizure, occasionally with atypical absence. Mild deafness may be a new phenotype of AGO1‐releated disease. Gly199Ser may be a hot‐spot variant of AGO1 with the same phenotype: GDD/ID, intractable epilepsy, remarkably with Rolandic discharges, and even reaching electrical status epilepticus during sleep.
Advances on pharmacology and toxicology of aconitine
Authors: Li Liuying , Zhang Limin , Liao Tingting , Zhang Chuantao , Chen Keling , Huang Qun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAconitum alkaloids are considered to be the characteristic bioactive ingredients of Aconitum species, which are widely applied to the treatment of diverse diseases, and aconitine (AC) is found in most Aconitum plants. Research evidence shows that low‐dose AC has a good therapeutic potential in heart failure, myocardial infarction, neuroinflammatory diseases, rheumatic diseases, and tumors, which has become one of the hotspots in global research in recent years. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC have also attracted extensive attention. Excessive use of AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, even can be potentially lethal. Therefore, AC cannot simply be regarded as a good medicine or a toxicant, but its underlying curative and toxic properties remained chaos. In order to dig the unique pharmacological value of AC while preventing its toxicity, the pharmacological activities and toxic effects of AC were summarized in this paper, providing new insight into the safe and effective use of AC in clinical practice.
Cough syncope as a cause of motor vehicle crash: fatal distraction?
Authors: Guo Hui , Naughton Charles W. , Naughton Matthew T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoughing is a rare cause of syncope that can contribute to motor vehicle crashes. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the syncope are unclear. We report six occasions in which motor vehicle drivers have been involved in serious crashes and cough syncope was cited as the cause. In each occasion, an alternative cause leading to the crash could be identified. Cough as a cause of syncope should be a diagnosis of exclusion and used with great caution as a medico‐legal defence. A suggested criterion for confirmation of cough syncope is recommended.
Update on echocardiography: do we still need a stethoscope?
Authors: McLeod Peter , Beck Sierra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe focus of this article is to review point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) of the chest as an adjunct to use of the stethoscope and physical examination. We consider selected evidence supporting POCUS for evaluation of acute dyspnoea and focussed cardiac assessment, explore current and the future directions in POCUS for the generalist physician and review some historical notes on auscultation of the chest and parallels to the evolution of POCUS.
Angioedema after favipiravir treatment: Two cases
Authors: Islamoglu Mehmet Sami , Dokur Mehmet , Borku Uysal Betul , Onal Burak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrug‐induced angioedema often affects elderly patients with chronic drug use. Proper diagnosis and prompt with effective treatment reduce mortality. With the increasing use of favipiravir, many side effects, especially increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels due to liver toxicity, and also skin lesions are reported. First patient oral favipiravir treatment on the second day was admitted to the hospital with rash and swelling on the eyelids. Second patient suffered from significant swelling on the upper lip and displayed angioedema. In this cases, angioedema findings regressed after rapid diagnosis and parenterally administered antihistamine and steroid treatment. Although there is no effective drug therapy in the treatment of COVID‐19, favipiravir is also included in the treatment protocols in many countries. Clinicians should be careful about the side effects and possible skin manifestations, especially including angioedema, related to the use of favipiravir.
Piloting a registry for paediatric sepsis: The PoRPoiSe study
Authors: Dougherty Harry , Eisen Sarah , Fraser Lauren K , Gomes Sylvester , Roland Damian 
Published: January 2022

AimTo develop a model for a paediatric sepsis registry for use in emergency care settings. A regional study, in the UK, was undertaken to identify the most basic registry components which are desirable and feasible using the concept of a minimum viable product.MethodsTwo‐round survey of clinicians using a modified Delphi methodology in conjunction with a regional data collection project in three paediatric emergency departments across London.ResultsThe survey identified 34 desirable information items to be included in a registry. Fifteen of 34 items are currently feasible from our experience of data collection.ConclusionThe development of a multi‐centre paediatric sepsis registry sepsis may have several benefits but is currently extremely limited primarily because of technological fragmentation within our Health Service. Our findings have important implications for researchers wishing to plan sepsis surveillance programmes, locally and internationally.
Pediatric Behҫet disease: Update in diagnosis and management
Authors: Burns Emily , Cooper Elizabeth , Peterson Rosemary , Diaz Lucia Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBehҫet disease is a multisystem inflammatory disease and variable vessel vasculitis involving primarily the oral and genital mucosa, skin, and eyes. Diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of a specific diagnostic test and overlap with other autoinflammatory diseases. Treatment of pediatric Behҫet disease aims to reduce inflammation and prevent future flares. The goal of this review is to provide guidance on the diagnostic workup and multidisciplinary approach of pediatric Behҫet disease and review evidence‐based treatment strategies for patients with refractory mucocutaneous manifestations.
An Approximation Scheme for Data Monetization
Authors: Mehta Sameer , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , Mookerjee Vijay 
Published: January 2022

The unprecedented rate at which data are being generated has led to the growth of data markets where valuable data sets are bought and sold. A salient feature of this market is that a data‐buyer (agent) is endowed with multidimensional private information, namely, her “ideal” record that she values the most and how her valuation for a given record changes as its distance from her ideal record changes. Consequently, the revenue‐maximization problem faced by a data‐seller (principal), who serves multiple buyers, is a multidimensional mechanism‐design problem, which is well recognized as being difficult to solve. Our main result in this paper is an approximation scheme that guarantees a revenue within as close a positive amount from the optimal revenue as desired. The scheme generates a posted‐price menu consisting of a set of item–price pairs—each entry in the menu consists of an item, that is, a set of records from the data set, and the price corresponding to that item. As a trade‐off, the length of the menu resulting from the scheme increases as the desired guarantee gets closer to zero. For convenience in practice, data‐sellers may want the ability to limit the length of the menu used by the scheme. To facilitate this, we extend our analysis to obtain a general approximation guarantee corresponding to a menu of any given length. We also demonstrate how the seller can exploit buyers' preferences to generate intuitive and useful rules of thumb for an effective practical implementation of the scheme.
Approximate reference priors for Gaussian random fields
Authors: De Oliveira Victor , Han Zifei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReference priors are theoretically attractive for the analysis of geostatistical data since they enable automatic Bayesian analysis and have desirable Bayesian and frequentist properties. But their use is hindered by computational hurdles that make their application in practice challenging. In this work, we derive a new class of default priors that approximate reference priors for the parameters of some Gaussian random fields. It is based on an approximation to the integrated likelihood of the covariance parameters derived from the spectral approximation of stationary random fields. This prior depends on the structure of the mean function and the spectral density of the model evaluated at a set of spectral points associated with an auxiliary regular grid. In addition to preserving the desirable Bayesian and frequentist properties, these approximate reference priors are more stable, and their computations are much less onerous than those of exact reference priors. Unlike exact reference priors, the marginal approximate reference prior of correlation parameter is always proper, regardless of the mean function or the smoothness of the correlation function. This property has important consequences for covariance model selection. An illustration comparing default Bayesian analyses is provided with a dataset of lead pollution in Galicia, Spain.
Values, Taboos, and Votes: How Basic Human Values Affect Populist Electoral Support
Authors: Ozdemir Ugur , Jacob Marc S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow do individuals’ underlying value orientations affect populist voting? Building on the congruency model in social psychology, we theorize that voters holding non‐conformist values feel closest to political actors who employ a taboo‐breaking populist style in the political debate. Moreover, we hypothesize that security and universalism values feed into vote choices between right‐wing and left‐wing parties. Leveraging structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from the 2017 German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES), we find that non‐conformist values predict voting for the populist far‐right Alternative for Germany (AfD), but not for the left‐wing populist The Left. Further, security and universalism values are associated with a higher probability of voting for not only populist but also mainstream parties. These findings point to the underlying role of basic human values in electoral support for populist parties and political behavior in general.
Maternal sleep behaviours preceding fetal heart rate events on cardiotocography
Authors: Wilson Danielle L. , Fung Alison M. , Skrzypek Hannah , Pell Gabrielle , Barnes Maree , Howard Mark E. , Walker Susan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Australia, a significant proportion of stillbirths remain unexplained. Recent research has highlighted nocturnal maternal behaviours as potentially modifiable contributors. This study determined whether sleep‐related behaviours including sleep position and sleep‐disordered breathing adversely affect fetuses overnight, in both uncomplicated pregnancies and those at increased risk due to hypertensive disorders or fetal growth restriction (FGR). All participants underwent polysomnography with time‐synchronized fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring (cardiotocography – CTG) in late pregnancy. CTGs were analysed for abnormal FHR events, including decelerations and reduced variability, by two blinded observers and exported into the sleep study to temporally align FHR events with sleep behaviours. For each FHR event, 10 control epochs with normal FHR were randomly selected for the same participant. Conditional logistic regression assessed the relationships between FHR events and sleep behaviours. From 116 participants, 52 had a total of 129 FHR events overnight; namely prolonged decelerations and prolonged periods of reduced variability. Significantly more FHR events were observed in women with FGR and/or a hypertensive disorder compared with uncomplicated pregnancies (P = 0.006). FHR events were twice as likely to be preceded by a change in body position within the previous 5 min, compared with control epochs (P = 0.007), particularly in hypertensive pregnancies both with and without FGR. Overall, FHR events were not temporally related to supine body position, respiratory events or snoring. Our results indicate that most fetuses tolerate sleep‐related stressors, but further research is needed to identify the interplay of maternal and fetal conditions putting the fetus at risk overnight.Key points
Maternal sleep behaviours including supine position and sleep‐disordered breathing are potential contributors to stillbirth but much of this work is based on self‐reported data.
Using time‐synchronized polysomnography and cardiotocography, we found that nocturnal fetal heart rate decelerations were more likely to be preceded by a change in body position compared with epochs containing normal fetal heart rate, particularly in hypertensive pregnancies with or without fetal growth restriction.
There was no temporal relationship between maternal sleeping position, snoring or apnoeic events and an abnormal fetal heart rate overnight.
We conclude that most fetuses can tolerate sleep‐related stressors with no evidence of fetal heart rate changes indicating compromised wellbeing.
Further work needs to identify how sleep behaviours contribute to stillbirth risk and how these intersect with underlying maternal and fetal conditions.
Nonlinear Modeling of Series-Type Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper-Tuned Liquid Damper
Authors: McNamara K. P. , Love J. S. , Tait M. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear response of a series-type pendulum tuned mass damper-tuned liquid damper (TMD-TLD) system is investigated in this study. The TLD is mounted on the pendulum TMD in series to remove the need for costly viscous damping elements. Since the response of the TMD is greater than that of the primary structure, the TLD experiences a significant base motion, leading to a highly nonlinear response that is difficult to model. The nonlinear pendulum TMD equation of motion is modeled without linearizing assumptions. The TLD is represented by an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model that can capture large sloshing responses. The nonlinear model results are compared to shake table testing for a TMD-TLD system and a linear equivalent mechanical model. Four system configurations are considered. The nonlinear model shows good agreement with the experimental data for the TMD displacement and TLD wave heights in both time and frequency domains. The nonlinear model shows improved agreement compared to the linear model for all cases studied, especially for the TLD wave heights. The impact of simplifying the pendulum TMD equation of motion by the small-angle assumption is investigated for two cases. The results indicate that the simplified pendulum equation does not properly capture the frequency of the TMD in the TMD-TLD system and results in a reduction in calculated TLD wave heights compared to the fully nonlinear equation. It is therefore critical to consider the fully nonlinear pendulum TMD response to capture the TMD-TLD behavior.
Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Asogwa Ogechukwu Augustina , Boateng Daniel , Marzà-Florensa Anna , Peters Sanne , Levitt Naomi , van Olmen Josefien , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMultimorbidity is a major public health challenge, with a rising prevalence in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to systematically synthesise evidence on the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adults residing in LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles reporting prevalence, determinants, patterns of multimorbidity of NCDs among adults aged >18 years in LMICs. For the PROSPERO registered review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries for articles published from 2009 till 30 May 2020. Studies were included if they reported original research on multimorbidity of NCDs among adults in LMICs.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 3272 articles; 39 articles were included, with a total of 1 220 309 participants. Most studies used self-reported data from health surveys. There was a large variation in the prevalence of multimorbidity; 0.7%–81.3% with a pooled prevalence of 36.4% (95% CI 32.2% to 40.6%). Prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, and random effect meta-analyses showed that female sex, OR (95% CI): 1.48, 1.33 to 1.64, being well-off, 1.35 (1.02 to 1.80), and urban residence, 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20), respectively were associated with higher odds of NCD multimorbidity. The most common multimorbidity patterns included cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory conditions.ConclusionMultimorbidity of NCDs is an important problem in LMICs with higher prevalence among the aged, women, people who are well-off and urban dwellers. There is the need for longitudinal data to access the true direction of multimorbidity and its determinants, establish causation and identify how trends and patterns change over time.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019133453.