bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tough enough? Robust satisficing as a decision norm for long-term policy analysis
Authors: Mogensen Andreas L. , Thorstad David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to open a dialogue between philosophers working in decision theory and operations researchers and engineers working on decision-making under deep uncertainty. Specifically, we assess the recommendation to follow a norm of robust satisficing when making decisions under deep uncertainty in the context of decision analyses that rely on the tools of Robust Decision-Making developed by Robert Lempert and colleagues at RAND. We discuss two challenges for robust satisficing: whether the norm might derive its plausibility from an implicit appeal to probabilistic representations of uncertainty of the kind that deep uncertainty is supposed to preclude; and whether there is adequate justification for adopting a satisficing norm, as opposed to an optimizing norm that is sensitive to considerations of robustness. We discuss decision-theoretic and voting-theoretic motivations for robust satisficing, and use these motivations to select among candidate formulations of the robust satisficing norm.
Birth Justice. Die Bedeutung von Intersektionalität für die Begleitung von Schwangerschaft, Geburt und früher Elternschaft
Authors: Winkler Christiane , Babac Emine 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungUS-amerikanische Schwarze Feminist*innen entwickelten den Begriff Birth Justice, um strukturell verankerte Ungleichheits- und Gewaltverhältnisse rund um Schwangerschaft, Geburt und frühe Elternschaft sichtbar zu machen (Oparah 2015). Birth Justice verortet sich im Kontext des Konzeptes von Reproductive Justice und ist durch eine menschenrechtsbasierte, intersektionale Analyse reproduktiver Ungleichheitsverhältnisse gekennzeichnet (Oparah 2015; Ross und Solinger 2017).Die individuellen Erfahrungen Schwangerer* und Gebärender* werden geprägt durch die vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Merkmalen wie geschlechtlicher Identität, Race/Ethnizität/Nationalität, Klasse, Alter, sog. Behinderung und sexueller Orientierung (ebd.). Subjektive Erfahrungen wirken sich auf Zufriedenheit mit der gesundheitlichen Versorgung aus und beeinflussen zukünftige Gesundheitsentscheidungen (Ohlbrecht 2016). Dadurch können Ungleichheiten fortgeschrieben werden.Zufriedenstellende intersektional orientierte quantitative und qualitative Studien zu peripartalen Outcomes sowie zum Erleben der gesundheitlichen Versorgung stehen im deutschsprachigen Raum aus. Quantitative Erhebungen zu Outcomes Gebärender* mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland sind sehr begrenzt und kritisch zu betrachten, da sie nicht auf der Grundlage differenzierter Antidiskriminierungsdaten durchgeführt wurden. Qualitative Studien zu Erfahrungen marginalisierter/minorisierter Personen mit peripartaler Betreuung gibt es nur sehr unzureichend in Quantität und Qualität. Ergebnisse zu Diskriminierungserfahrungen sind bisher noch nicht publiziert.Um menschenrechtsbasierte, respektvolle Betreuung als Qualitätsmerkmal der Gesundheitsversorgung Realität werden zu lassen und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten abzubauen, braucht es verlässliche Erhebungen zu Erfahrungen mit der peripartalen Versorgung insbesondere von marginalisierten und minorisierten Personen. Diese sollten in ihrem Design intersektional reflektiert und diskriminierungssensibel angelegt sein. Intersektionalität und ihre Auswirkung auf den Zugang und die Qualität der peripartalen Begleitung sollten in die theoretische als auch praktische Ausbildung im Gesundheitswesen aufgenommen und Bewusstsein durch Fortbildungen gefördert werden.
Causes and consequences of stress generation: Longitudinal associations of negative events, aggressive behaviors, rumination, and depressive symptoms
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Oura Shin-ichi , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Matsuda Yuko , Adachi Masaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the causes and consequences of stress generation in university students in Japan. A two-wave longitudinal study with an 8- or 9-week interval was conducted in the fall of 2020. Undergraduate and graduate students at four universities in Japan (N = 201) completed self-report measures assessing experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events, negative non-interpersonal events, and negative independent events at two times. At the same time, they also responded to measures of aggressive behaviors, trait rumination, and depressive symptoms. Path analyses revealed that baseline aggressive behaviors were positively associated with an increase in subsequent negative interpersonal dependent events, even after controlling for the influences of negative interpersonal dependent events, rumination, and depressive symptoms at baseline. However, aggressive behaviors were not significantly associated with subsequent negative non-interpersonal dependent events or negative independent events. These findings suggest that aggressive behaviors may have been a factor leading to interpersonal stress generation. Furthermore, all categories of negative event experiences predicted an increase in subsequent depressive symptoms, but not subsequent rumination, and rumination was not significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. This research extends previous studies on the causes and consequences of stress generation conducted in the US by using specific measures of aggressive behaviors and including a non-restricted sample of university students in Japan.
Revisiting the richness of integrated vehicle and crew scheduling
Authors: Ge Liping , Kliewer Natalia , Nourmohammadzadeh Abtin , Voß Stefan , Xie Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe last decades have seen a considerable move forward regarding integrated vehicle and crew scheduling in various realms (airline industry, public transport). With the continuous improvement of information and communication technology as well as general solvers it has become possible to formulate more and more rich versions of these problems. In public transport, issues like rostering, delay propagation or days-off patterns have become part of these integrated problems. In this paper we aim to revisit an earlier formulation incorporating days-off patterns and investigate whether solvability with standard solvers has now become possible and to which extent the incorporation of other aspects can make the problem setting more rich and still keep the possible solvability in mind. This includes especially issues like delay propagation where in public transport delay propagation usually refers to secondary delays following a (primary) disturbance. Moreover, we investigate a robust version to support the claim that added richness is possible. Numerical results are provided to underline the envisaged advances.
Primary Mathematics Teachers’ Understanding of Computational Thinking
Authors: Nordby Siri Krogh , Bjerke Annette Hessen , Mifsud Louise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComputational thinking (CT) is often regarded as providing a ‘soft start’ for later involvement with artificial intelligence and, hence, as a crucial twenty-first century skill. The introduction of CT in primary mathematics curricula puts many demands on teachers, and their understanding of CT in mathematics is key to its successful introduction. Inspired by an information ecology perspective, we investigate how four primary school teachers understand CT in mathematics and how they go ahead to include CT in their mathematics teaching practice. Through observations and interviews, we find promising starting points for including CT, related to pattern recognition, problem solving and the use of programming activities. Our findings indicate that teachers’ lack of knowledge affects CT adoption in two ways: during its inclusion in the existing mathematics curriculum and as a new element focussed on programming and coding, leaving mathematics in the background. For the inclusion to be fruitful, we suggest there is a need to help teachers understand how CT can be used productively in mathematics and vice versa.
Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data
Authors: Liimatainen Kare , Kim Jan T. , Pokorny Lisa , Kirk Paul M. , Dentinger Bryn , Niskanen Tuula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFamily Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus, Cortinarius, which is the largest Agaricales genus, with thousands of species worldwide. The species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant genera from tropicals to arctic regions. Genus Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation, and its complexity has led many taxonomists to specialize in particular on infrageneric groups. The previous attempts to divide Cortinarius have been shown to be unnatural and the phylogenetic studies done to date have not been able to resolve the higher-level classification of the group above section level. Genomic approaches have revolutionized our view on fungal relationships and provide a way to tackle difficult groups. We used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species. In addition, a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, was also done. Based on our results, a classification of the family Cortinariaceae into ten genera—Cortinarius, Phlegmacium, Thaxterogaster, Calonarius, Aureonarius, Cystinarius, Volvanarius, Hygronarius, Mystinarius, and Austrocortinarius—is proposed. Seven genera, 10 subgenera, and four sections are described as new to science and five subgenera are introduced as new combinations in a new rank. In addition, 41 section names and 514 species names are combined in new genera and four lecto- and epitypes designated. The position of Stephanopus in suborder Agaricineae remains to be studied. Targeted capture sequencing is used for the first time in fungal taxonomy in Basidiomycetes. It provides a cost-efficient way to produce -omics data in species-rich groups. The -omics data was produced from fungarium specimens up to 21 years old, demonstrating the value of museum specimens in the study of the fungal tree of life. This study is the first family revision in Agaricales based on genomics data and hopefully many others will soon follow.
Nutrizione e ritmo circadiano: la nuova prospettiva del Time Restricted Feeding
Authors: Poggiogalle Eleonora , Frigerio Francesco , Donini Lorenzo M. 
Published: February 2022

SommarioNegli ultimi anni il digiuno intermittente è emerso quale approccio innovativo per promuovere il calo ponderale e migliorare lo stato di salute metabolica in contrapposizione agli interventi più convenzionali incentrati sulla restrizione calorica. Il digiuno intermittente (Intermittent Fasting) e ilTime-Restricted Feeding(TRF) negli animali (anche noto comeTime-Restricted Eating, TRE nell’uomo) hanno raggiunto una crescente popolarità parallelamente al consistente aumento delle evidenze scientifiche nell’ambito della cronobiologia, con la recente attribuzione del premio Nobel per la Medicina nel 2017 a Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash e Michael W. Young quale riconoscimento per il contributo alle scoperte dei meccanismi molecolari che sottendono il ritmo circadiano. Il sistema circadiano regola il metabolismo in un ciclo di circa ventiquattro ore, determinando una ritmicità circadiana endogena nel dispendio energetico, nell’appetito, nella sensibilità insulinica e in altri processi metabolici. Molti di tali processi, tra cui la sensibilità insulinica e la termogenesi indotta dalla dieta, presentano un picco nella prima parte della giornata. Numerose evidenze sia nell’animale sia nell’uomo sottolineano che alimentarsi in momenti della giornata che siano asincroni rispetto ai ritmi delle suddette funzioni metaboliche promuova l’eccesso ponderale e le alterazioni metaboliche ad esso associate.
Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Potential of Antibiotic–Montmorillonite Composites Prepared Using Montmorillonite Mined in Gampo, Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Myungjae , Roh Ki-Min , Kim Jiwoo , Seo Minkyeong , Kang Il-Mo , Kim Jiwoong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiocompatible drug-delivery materials are important because they provide controlled release of biologically active agents to enhance the effectiveness of medical treatments. Montmorillonite (Mnt) has been utilized in drug-delivery systems for delayed-release application because it can safely encapsulate drug molecules via intercalation reactions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the delivery characteristics of the drug ciprofloxacin (CIP) from a composite with Mnt (Mnt-CIP) in which the Mnt was first prepared by acid treatment and vibration ball milling. The surfaces of Mnt were modified by reacting the Mnt suspension in 1.0 M HCl acid and by dispersing the powder with a vibration ball mill, then the CIP drug was added at pH 4 and stirred. The goal was to improve the sustained-release performance of the CIP. This Mnt-CIP drug-release system was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area measurement using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the intercalation of CIP into the interlayer space of Mnt. The in vitro release properties of the intercalated CIP were investigated using a simulated phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) at 36±0.5°C. The CIP drug exhibited a continued release for 3 h. Moreover, Mnt prepared by HCl acid treatment and dispersion in the vibration ball mill delayed the drug dissolution rate. In summary, the Mnt-CIP composite prepared in this study exhibited slow and sustained release characteristics, indicating that Mnt mined from the Gampo-40 mining area in Gyeongju can be used in various drug-delivery applications.
Malleable Penile Implant Rod Diameter Predicts Complications and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Habous Mohamad , Omar Mohamed , Farag Mohammed , Abdelwahab Osama , Laban Osama , Binsaleh Saleh , Mulhall John P. , Ralph David , Aziz Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
One of the most common complaints after malleable prosthesis implantation (MPI) is thinning of the penis and decreasing girth. Some surgeons try to insert the largest diameter they can to improve patient satisfaction

Aim
To investigate if malleable rod diameter (MRD) has an impact on outcome and patient satisfaction

Methods
Consecutive malleable prosthesis implantation (MPI) was assessed in a high-volume center over 1 year. The same preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols were used for all patients and one brand of the malleable device was used only. We recorded MRD and length for all patients. All patients had data on comorbidities including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and clinical Peyronie's disease (PD). Revision cases and those who lost for follow-up were excluded from the study. We also excluded patients operated on by low-volume surgeons. All complications, minor (edema, ecchymosis, pain), and major (infection and erosion) were recorded. After 1-year, patients were assessed and given a Likert scale from 1 to 5 where 5 is most satisfied with their MPI. We stratified patients according to MRD into 2 groups: group A for diameter 9.5 and 11 mm and group B for 13 mm.

Outcome
: Larger diameter of malleable penile implants may be associated with more complications

Results
183 patients had full data and filled the questionnaire after 1-year follow-up. All patients had Coloplast, Genesis penile implants. Major complications rate (infection, erosion, and removal) was significantly higher in group B 11% vs 1.2% in group A (P = .016). At 4 weeks postoperative visit, 90 % of group A showed no complications vs 60% only in group B that was statistically significant (P = .0003). Satisfaction rate was more in patients in group A (88.6%) compared to patients in group B (75.7%) but this did not reach to be statistically significant (P = .0519)

Clinical Implications
MRD predicts outcome.

Strengths & Limitations
The strengths of our study include that it is the first prospective study with good number of malleable implants. Limitations include: no validated satisfaction instrument and MRD choice was based on surgeon preference.

Conclusions
Larger diameter of malleable penile implants are not associated with a higher rate of patient satisfaction
Prospect of research and clinical application of arsenic compounds in chemotherapy for gynecological malignant tumors
Authors: Dong Yue , Li Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArsenic compounds, including various arsenic-containing compounds such as intravenous use of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and an oral tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4) -containing formula named the Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF). RIF, also known as Compound Huangdai Tablets, which exert anti-tumor effects through a variety of mechanisms, such as the induction of programmed cell death, induction of G1 or G2/M phase arrest, epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, and suppression of cancer stem cell properties. International multicenter clinical studies have shown that ATO and RIF have anti-tumorigenic effects on hematological tumors and some solids. Arsenic compounds also been used in the treatment of cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, especially advanced drug-resistant ovarian cancer. This article introduces the progress of ATO in combination chemotherapy, such as ATO with paclitaxel, adriamycin, cisplatin, etc in solid tumors and gynecological malignant tumors. The side effects associated with arsenic treatment, including cardiac disorders, skin and bone marrow suppression, etc. are also discussed in this review. Oral arsenic drugs also have a good therapeutic effect, it may be an outpatient oral chemotherapy new model for RIF to treatment recurrent ovarian cancer.
Experimental study on the vitrification and xenotransplantation of human ovarian tissue
Authors: Zhao Jinghui , Ge Yuping , Li Jingyi , Zeng Yucui , Dong Guoyi , Zeng Liping , Dai Juanjuan , Du Hui , Shao Mumin , Yu Xuewen , Li Huan , He Fang , Shang Zhouchun , Wang Chun , Vajta Gábor , Tang Huiru , Wu Ruifang , Du Yutao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a promising method for preserving fertility. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an evaluation system for cryo-injury during the cooling and warming process which is very laborious and needs to be optimized.ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluated that serum 17β-oestradiol (E2) may be used as an indicator of vitrified ovarian tissue.MethodsImmunodeficient nude mice were used as hosts for xenografting of vitrified-warmed human ovarian tissues. A total of 54 mice were divided into two group: vitrified ovarian xenotransplant (VOX) group (n ​= ​45) and non-transplant control group (n ​= ​9). The transplanted mice were grouped into vitrified/warmed grafted-4 weeks (VOX-4w, n ​= ​15), vitrified/warmed grafted-6weeks (VOX-6w n ​= ​15) and vitrified/warmed grafted-12 weeks (VOX-12w n ​= ​15) according to the time after transplantation.The viable and functional recovery of grafted ovarian tissue was assessed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and hormone (E2) assays.ResultsSerum E2 concentration was significantly higher in VOX-6w (group (21.07 ​pg/ml) than that of VOX-12w group (15.59 ​pg/ml). VOX-12w group showed a lower value (12.61 ​pg/ml) for E2 concentration. The trend for E2 concentration was consistent with the morphological identification of the grafts.ConclusionIn vivo serum hormone E2 released by cortical biopsies can be used as a functional marker for xenotransplanted vitrified-warmed human ovarian tissue reserve.
Real-time formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm for fixed-wing UAVs
Authors: Mirzaee Kahagh A. , Pazooki F. , Etemadi Haghighi S. , Asadi D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel real-time formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm for multiple fixed-wing UAVs. A formation control algorithm is designed by a combination of the virtual structure, leader-follower, and artificial potential fields methods and harnessing the advantages of those approaches. The kinematic and dynamic constraints of fixed-wing UAVs are considered in the path planning. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined through simulation in Matlab software by applying the translational dynamics of fixed-wing UAVs. Simulations of different complex scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented formation flight algorithm through generating multiple efficient paths, which are fully consistent with the functional constraints of the UAVs in the presence of obstacles.
Origin of englacial stratigraphy at three deep ice core sites of the Greenland Ice Sheet by synthetic radar modelling
Authors: Mojtabavi Seyedhamidreza , Eisen Olaf , Franke Steven , Jansen Daniela , Steinhage Daniel , Paden John , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Weikusat Ilka , Eichler Jan , Wilhelms Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring the past 20 years, multi-channel radar emerged as a key tool for deciphering an ice sheet's internal architecture. To assign ages to radar reflections and connect them over large areas in the ice sheet, the layer genesis has to be understood on a microphysical scale. Synthetic radar trace modelling based on the dielectric profile of ice cores allows for the assignation of observed physical properties’ variations on the decimetre scale to radar reflectors extending from the coring site to a regional or even whole-ice-sheet scale. In this paper we rely on the available dielectric profiling data of the northern Greenland deep ice cores: NGRIP, NEEM and EGRIP. The three records are well suited for assigning an age model to the stratigraphic radar-mapped layers, and linking up the reflector properties to observations in the cores. Our modelling results show that the internal reflections are mainly due to conductivity changes. Furthermore, we deduce fabric characteristics at the EGRIP drill site from two-way-travel-time differences of along and across-flow polarized radarwave reflections of selected horizons (below 980 m). These indicate in deeper parts of the ice column an across-flow concentratedc-axis fabric.