bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for preventive treatments for rheumatoid arthritis: discrete choice survey in the UK, Germany and Romania
Authors: Simons Gwenda , Veldwijk Jorien , DiSantostefano Rachael L , Englbrecht Matthias , Radawski Christine , Bywall Karin Schölin , Valor Méndez Larissa , Hauber Brett , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To quantify preferences for preventive therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) across three countries.

Methods
A web-based survey including a discrete choice experiment was administered to adults recruited via survey panels in the UK, Germany and Romania. Participants were asked to assume they were experiencing arthralgia and had a 60% chance of developing RA in the next 2 years and completed 15 choices between no treatment and two hypothetical preventive treatments. Treatments were defined by six attributes (effectiveness, risks and frequency/route of administration) with varying levels. Participants also completed a choice task with fixed profiles reflecting subjective estimates of candidate preventive treatments. Latent class models (LCMs) were conducted and the relative importance of attributes, benefit–risk trade-offs and predicted treatment uptake was subsequently calculated.

Results
Completed surveys from 2959 participants were included in the analysis. Most participants preferred treatment over no treatment and valued treatment effectiveness to reduce risk more than other attributes. A five-class LCM best fitted the data. Country, perceived risk of RA, health literacy and numeracy predicted class membership probability. Overall, the maximum acceptable risk for a 40% reduction in the chance of getting RA (60% to 20%) was 21.7%, 19.1% and 2.2% for mild side effects, serious infection and serious side effects, respectively. Predicted uptake of profiles reflecting candidate prevention therapies differed across classes.

Conclusion
Effective preventive pharmacological treatments for RA were acceptable to most participants. The relative importance of treatment attributes and likely uptake of fixed treatment profiles were predicted by participant characteristics.
Benefits and concerns of seeking and experiencing lucid dreams: benefits are tied to successful induction and dream control
Authors: Mallett Remington , Sowin Laura , Raider Rachel , Konkoly Karen R , Paller Ken A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTherapies focused on lucid dreaming could be useful for treating various sleep disorders and other conditions. Still, one major roadblock is the paucity of systematic information on the consequences of attempting these sorts of dreams. The current study sought to quantify positive and negative aspects of seeking lucid dreams, describe their phenomenology in detail, and identify features associated with positive or negative experiences. Observational data from a massive lucid-dream discussion forum were analyzed to capture lucid-dreaming themes. Forum posts were independently rated on multiple dimensions hypothesized to contribute to the valence of lucidity-related phenomena. Our results revealed that lucid dreams can end nightmares and prevent their recurrence, but they can also induce harrowing dysphoric dreams. The realization of dreaming (lucidity) and dreams with high-control were both associated with positive experiences. We translated our results into a process model that describes the progression from lucid dream induction to waking benefit, identifying potential areas of concern. Our results and model suggest that negative outcomes primarily result from failed induction attempts or lucid dreams with low dream control, and that successfully inducing high-control lucid dreams poses low risk for negative outcomes. Lucid dreaming has valuable therapeutic and recreational potential, but a better understanding of the risks is required. Our findings provide new insights into possible negative repercussions and how to avoid them in future applications.
A Novel C2 Screw Corridor Parallel to the Sagittal Plane for Transpedicular Fixation – A 3D-CT Study
Authors: Wu Chao , Deng Jiayan , Zeng Baifang , Wang Qing , Shen Danwei , Qiu Guigang , Liu Xin , Wang Xiangyu , Luo Min 
Published: September 2022

Study Design:
A 3D-CT Study.

Objective:
To research the feasibility and advantages of screw corridors parallel to the sagittal plane (SPC) of the C2 for transpedicular fixation.

Summary of Background Data:
A total of 125 patients were enrolled for analysis, and the 3D model of the C2 for the 125 patients were reconstructed and analyzed.

Methods:
The SPC screw and the corridor of the general pedicle (GPC) screw of both sides were inserted into these C2 models. The anatomic parameters of the SPC and GPC, including the inner circle diameter, length of the corridors, medial angle and cephalad angle, were measured and compared. The anatomic location of the entry point for the SPC screw was evaluated.

Results:
The diameter of the SPC averaged 5.5±1.8 mm; 81.2% (203/250) were larger than 4 mm. There was no significant difference between the SPC and GPC in diameter or percentage of diameter greater than 4 mm. There was a significant difference between the length of the SPC (25.3±2.4 mm) and the GPC (27.4±2.2 mm). The cephalad angle was 51.6±6.9° for the SPC and 43.3±4.4° for the GPC, and there was a significant difference between the SPC and GPC. The entry point of the SPC screw was located on the cortical crest at the lower 1/4 of the lamina and located to the lower and inner side of the GPC screw entry point.

Conclusion:
It is feasible for most patients to accommodate an SPC screw with a diameter of 3.5 mm. All SPC screws crossed the pedicle completely. The optimal entry point of the SPC screw was located on the cortical crest of the axial lamina.
Early Surgery (Within 24 Hours) Benefits Patients Suffering from Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wang Yang , Yi Hanxiao , Wang Jian , Song Yancheng 
Published: September 2022

Study Design:
A meta-analysis of early surgery for acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

Objective:
To evaluate whether early surgery increases the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade of patients confronted with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

Summary of Background Data:
The idea that early surgery aids the recovery of spinal cord function in patients confronted with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury is controversial.

Methods:
All articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases, which were searched from onset until 1 May 2021. All data are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and mean deviations (MDs) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs).

Results:
Ten studies, including 6 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial, containing 952 patients, were included in the analysis. The results showed that early surgery significantly reduced the number of patients with ASIA grade A (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58, P<0.01) and B (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.82, P<0.01) status but greatly increased the number of patients with grade E status (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06–1.96, P<0.01). Generally, the patients receiving early surgery achieved >1 ASIA grade improvement (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.31–2.21, P<0.01) or >2 ASIA grade (OR 3.55, 95% CI: 2.20–5.70, P<0.01) improvements. Although early surgery did not reduce the incidence of operative complications (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.45–1.16, P<0.01), the duration of hospitalization was greatly shortened (MD−3.48, 95% CI: −0.45 to−2.91, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
The spinal cord function of acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury patients can benefit from early decompression. This conclusion should be further verified with randomized controlled trials.
Patients with breath test positive are necessary to be identified from irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical trial based on microbiomics and rifaximin sensitivity
Authors: Liu Zuojing , Zhu Shiwei , He Meibo , Li Mo , Wei Hui , Zhang Lu , Sun Qinghua , Jia Qiong , Hu Nan , Fang Yuan , Song Lijin , Zhou Chen , Tao Heqing , Kao John Y , Zhu Huaiqiu , Owyang Chung , Duan Liping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
As a non-invasive and effective diagnostic method for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), wild-use of breath test (BT) has demonstrated a high comorbidity rate in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and SIBO. Patients overlapping with SIBO respond better to rifaximin therapy than those with IBS-D only. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in both of these two diseases. We aimed to determine the microbial difference between IBS-D overlapping with/without SIBO, and to study the underlying mechanism of its sensitivity to rifaximin.

Methods:
Patients with IBS-D were categorized as BT-negative (IBSN) and BT-positive (IBSP). Healthy volunteers (BT-negative) were enrolled as healthy control. The patients were clinically evaluated before and after rifaximin treatment (0.4 g bid, 4 weeks). Blood, intestine, and stool samples were collected for cytokine assessment and gut microbial analyses.

Results:
Clinical complaints and microbial abundance were significantly higher in IBSP than in IBSN. In contrast, severe systemic inflammation and more active bacterial invasion function that were associated with enrichment of opportunistic pathogens were seen in IBSN. The symptoms of IBSP patients were relieved in different degrees after therapy, but the symptoms of IBSN rarely changed. We also found that the presence of IBSN-enriched genera (Enterobacter and Enterococcus) are unaffected by rifaximin therapy.

Conclusions:
IBS-D patients overlapping with SIBO showed noticeably different fecal microbial composition and function compared with IBS-D only. The better response to rifaximin in those comorbid patients might associate with their different gut microbiota, which suggests that BT is necessary before IBS-D diagnosis and use of rifaximin.

Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800017911.
Radiomics and Deep Learning for Disease Detection in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Yi Paul H. , Kijowski Richard , Fritz Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiomics and machine learning–based methods offer exciting opportunities for improving diagnostic performance and efficiency in musculoskeletal radiology for various tasks, including acute injuries, chronic conditions, spinal abnormalities, and neoplasms. While early radiomics-based methods were often limited to a smaller number of higher-order image feature extractions, applying machine learning-based analytic models, multifactorial correlations, and classifiers now permits big data processing and testing thousands of features to identify relevant markers. A growing number of novel deep learning–based methods describe magnetic resonance imaging– and computed tomography–based algorithms for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament tears, meniscus tears, articular cartilage defects, rotator cuff tears, fractures, metastatic skeletal disease, and soft tissue tumors. Initial radiomics and deep learning techniques have focused on binary detection tasks, such as determining the presence or absence of a single abnormality and differentiation of benign versus malignant. Newer-generation algorithms aim to include practically relevant multiclass characterization of detected abnormalities, such as typing and malignancy grading of neoplasms. So-called delta-radiomics assess tumor features before and after treatment, with temporal changes of radiomics features serving as surrogate markers for tumor responses to treatment. New approaches also predict treatment success rates, surgical resection completeness, and recurrence risk. Practice-relevant goals for the next generation of algorithms include diagnostic whole-organ and advanced classification capabilities. Important research objectives to fill current knowledge gaps include well-designed research studies to understand how diagnostic performances and suggested efficiency gains of isolated research settings translate into routine daily clinical practice. This article summarizes current radiomics- and machine learning–based magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography approaches for musculoskeletal disease detection and offers a perspective on future goals and objectives.
Neuropathology and neuroanatomy of TDP-43 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Del Tredici Kelly , Braak Heiko 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Intracellular inclusions consisting of the abnormal TDP-43 protein and its nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization in selected cell types are hallmark pathological features of sALS. Descriptive (histological, morphological), anatomical, and molecular studies all have improved our understanding of the neuropathology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS). This review highlights some of the latest developments in the field.

Recent findings
Increasing evidence exists from experimental models for the prion-like nature of abnormal TDP-43, including a strain-effect, and with the help of neuroimaging-based studies, for spreading of disease along corticofugal connectivities in sALS. Progress has also been made with respect to finding and establishing reliable biomarkers (neurofilament levels, diffusor tensor imaging).

Summary
The latest findings may help to elucidate the preclinical phase of sALS and to define possible mechanisms for delaying or halting disease development and progression.
Profile likelihood-based parameter and predictive interval analysis guides model choice for ecological population dynamics
Authors: Simpson Matthew J , Walker Shannon A , Studerus Emma N , McCue Scott W , Murphy Ryan J , Maclaren Oliver J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCalibrating mathematical models to describe ecological data provides important insight via parameter estimation that is not possible from analysing data alone. When we undertake a mathematical modelling study of ecological or biological data, we must deal with the trade-off between data availability and model complexity. Dealing with the nexus between data availability and model complexity is an ongoing challenge in mathematical modelling, particularly in mathematical biology and mathematical ecology where data collection is often not standardised, and more broad questions about model selection remain relatively open. Therefore, choosing an appropriate model almost always requires case-by-case consideration. In this work we present a straightforward approach to quantitatively explore this trade-off using a case study exploring mathematical models of coral reef regrowth after some ecological disturbance, such as damage caused by a tropical cyclone. In particular, we compare a simple single species ordinary differential equation (ODE) model approach with a more complicated two-species coupled ODE model. Univariate profile likelihood analysis suggests that the both models are practically identifiable. To provide additional insight we construct and compare approximate prediction intervals using a new parameter-wise prediction approximation, confirming both the simple and complex models perform similarly with regard to making predictions. Our approximate parameter-wise prediction interval analysis provides explicit information about how each parameter affects the predictions of each model. Comparing our approximate prediction intervals with a more rigorous and computationally expensive evaluation of the full likelihood shows that the new approximations are reasonable in this case. All algorithms and software to support this work are freely available as jupyter notebooks onGitHubso that they can be adapted to deal with any other ODE-based models.
MyD88-TLR4-dependent choroid plexus activation precedes perilesional inflammation and edema in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Akeret Kevin , Buzzi Raphael M. , Thomson Bart R. , Schwendinger Nina , Klohs Jan , Schulthess Nadja , Baselgia Livio , Hansen Kerstin , Regli Luca , Vallelian Florence , Hugelshofer Michael , Schaer Dominik J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe functional neurological outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) strongly relates to the degree of secondary brain injury (ICH-SBI) evolving within days after the initial bleeding. Different mechanisms including the incitement of inflammatory pathways, dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), activation of resident microglia, and an influx of blood-borne immune cells, have been hypothesized to contribute to ICH-SBI. Yet, the spatiotemporal interplay of specific inflammatory processes within different brain compartments has not been sufficiently characterized, limiting potential therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat ICH-SBI. Using a whole-blood injection model in mice, we systematically characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of inflammatory processes after ICH using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq), functional BBB assessment, and immunofluorescence average-intensity-mapping. We identified a pronounced early response of the choroid plexus (CP) peaking at 12 to 24h, that was characterized by inflammatory cytokine expression, epithelial and endothelial expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and the accumulation of leukocytes. In contrast, we observed a delayed secondary reaction pattern at the injection site (striatum) peaking at 96h, defined by gene expression corresponding to perilesional leukocyte infiltration and correlating to the delayed signal alteration seen on MRI. Pathway analysis revealed a dependence of the early inflammatory reaction in the CP on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice corroborated this observation, lacking the early upregulation of adhesion molecules and leukocyte infiltration within the CP 24h after whole-blood injection. In conclusion, we report a biphasic brain reaction pattern after ICH with a MyD88-TLR4-dependent early inflammatory response of the CP, preceding inflammation, edema and leukocyte infiltration at the lesion site. Pharmacological targeting of the early CP-activation might harbor the potential to modulate the development of ICH-SBI.Graphical abstractAkeret, Buzzi et al. characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics after striatal whole blood injection in mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq), functional blood-brain barrier (BBB) assessment, and immunofluorescence average intensity mapping (IF). They report a biphasic brain reaction pattern with an early MyD88-TLR4-dependent inflammatory response of the CP, which preceded secondary inflammation and leukocyte infiltration at the perilesional site.
Many but not all deep neural network audio models capture brain responses and exhibit correspondence between model stages and brain regions
Authors: Tuckute Greta , Feather Jenelle , Boebinger Dana , McDermott Josh H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModels that predict brain responses to stimuli provide one measure of understanding of a sensory system, and have many potential applications in science and engineering. Deep artificial neural networks have emerged as the leading such predictive models of the visual system, but are less explored in audition. Prior work provided examples of audio-trained neural networks that produced good predictions of auditory cortical fMRI responses and exhibited correspondence between model stages and brain regions, but left it unclear whether these results generalize to other neural network models, and thus how to further improve models in this domain. We evaluated model-brain correspondence for publicly available audio neural network models along with in-house models trained on four different tasks. Most tested models out-predicted previous filter-bank models of auditory cortex, and exhibited systematic model-brain correspondence: middle stages best predicted primary auditory cortex while deep stages best predicted non-primary cortex. However, some state-of-the-art models produced substantially worse brain predictions. Models trained to recognize speech in background noise produced better brain predictions than models trained to recognize speech in quiet, potentially because hearing in noise imposes constraints on biological auditory representations. The training task influenced the prediction quality for specific cortical tuning properties, with best overall predictions resulting from models trained on multiple tasks. The results generally support the promise of deep neural networks as models of audition, though they also indicate that current models do not explain auditory cortical responses in their entirety.
Combined absence of TRP53 target genes ZMAT3, PUMA and p21 cause a high incidence of cancer in mice
Authors: Brennan Margs S. , Brinkmann Kerstin , Healey Geraldine , Gangoda Lahiru , Strasser Andreas , Herold Marco J. , Janic Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTranscriptional activation of target genes is essential for TP53-mediated tumour suppression, though the roles of many TP53-activated target genes in tumour suppression remains poorly understood. Knockdown of ZMAT3 in haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by shRNA caused leukaemia only with the concomitant absence of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member PUMA and the CDK inhibitor p21. We were interested to further investigate the role of ZMAT3 in tumour suppression beyond the haematopoietic system. Therefore, we generated Zmat3 knockout and compound gene knockout mice, lacking Zmat3 and p21, Zmat3 and Puma or all three genes. Puma−/−p21−/−Zmat3−/− triple knockout mice developed tumours at a significantly higher frequency compared to wild type, Puma−/−Zmat3−/− or p21−/− Zmat3−/−deficient mice. Interestingly, we observed that the triple and Puma−/−Zmat3−/− double deficient animals succumbed to lymphoma, while p21−/−Zmat3−/− animals developed mainly solid cancers. This analysis suggests that in addition to ZMAT3 loss, additional TRP53-regulated processes must be disabled simultaneously for TRP53-mediated tumour suppression to fail. Interestingly, our findings also reveal that the absence of different TRP53 regulated tumour suppressive processes changes the tumour spectrum, which suggests that different TRP53 tumour suppressive pathways are more critical in different tissues.