bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Operative Spinal Epidural Hematoma: Are We Discontinuing Aspirin Early Enough?
Authors: Saitta Bradley Hart , Shultz Paul , Hanson Kathryn , Mikhael Mark M. 
Published: March 2022

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives (1) To compare the risk of Spinal Epidural Hematoma (SEH) associated with specific pre-operative and post-operative anticoagulation (AC) and antiplatelet medications (APM). (2) To define the incidence of SEH and identify risk factors for SEH in our population. Methods Thoracolumbar surgeries between October 2009 and March 2020 were collected. Patients who underwent incision and drainage of a symptomatic SEH were identified. AC and APM was recorded 14 days pre-operatively and post-operatively. Demographics and intra-operative factors were recorded. Relative risk with 95% confidence interval was used, with Bonferroni-corrected P-values <.05 used for significance. Results 9307 surgeries were identified. 177 (1.9%) patients returned to the OR within 30 days, 37 of whom (.39%) returned due to SEH. Seven patients were on either AC or APM pre-op, and sixteen post-op. Five were on aspirin pre-operatively (RR 3.2, 95% CI 1.25–8.22, P = .015). Risk was not increased in patients on multiple agents. No AC or APM demonstrated increased risk of hematoma post-operatively, despite trends toward significance with multiple agents. The use of a drain and complicated hypertension were associated with increased risk of SEH. Conclusions Pre-operative aspirin is associated with increased risk of SEH, even when appropriately discontinued. Appropriately dosed post-operative anticoagulation does not increase the risk of SEH, though being on multiple agents trends toward statistical significance and should be better studied. Surgeons should be vigilant and carefully monitor patients on pre-operative antiplatelet medications for spinal epidural hematoma.
Is the Planus Foot Type Associated With First Ray Hypermobility?
Authors: Morgan Oliver J. , Hillstrom Rajshree , Turner Robert , Day Jonathan , Thaqi Ibadet , Caolo Kristin , Ellis Scott , Deland Jonathan T. , Hillstrom Howard J. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Many foot pathologies have been associated with foot type. However, the association of first ray hypermobility remains enigmatic. The purpose of this study was to investigate first ray hypermobility among participants with planus and rectus foot types and its influence on static measures of foot structure. Methods: Twenty asymptomatic participants with planus (n = 23 feet) and rectus (n = 17 feet) foot types were enrolled. Several parameters of static foot structure (arch height index, arch height flexibility, first metatarsophalangeal joint flexibility, and first ray mobility) were measured. Participants were further stratified into groups with nonhypermobile (n = 26 feet) and hypermobile (n = 14 feet) first rays. First ray mobility ≥8 mm was used to define “first ray hypermobility”. Generalized estimating equations, best-fit regression lines, and stepwise linear regression were used to identify significant differences and predictors between the study variables Results: Overall, 86% of subjects categorized with first ray hypermobility exhibited a planus foot type. Arch height flexibility, weightbearing first ray mobility, and first metatarsophalangeal joint flexibility showed no significant between-group differences. However, weightbearing ray mobility and first metatarsophalangeal joint laxity were associated with partial weightbearing first ray mobility, accounting for 38% of the model variance. Conclusion: The planus foot type was found to be associated with first ray hypermobility. Furthermore, weightbearing first ray mobility and first metatarsophalangeal joint laxity were predictive of partial weightbearing first ray mobility, demonstrating an interaction between the translation and rotational mechanics of the first ray. Clinical Relevance: Association of first ray hypermobility with foot type and first metatarsophalangeal joint flexibility may help understand the sequela to symptomatic pathologies of the foot.
Telemedicine and Telementoring in Rhinology, Otology, and Laryngology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Angela , Kim Dayoung , Hwang Peter H. , Lechner Matt 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTelemedicine and telementoring have had a significant boost across all medical and surgical specialties over the last decade and especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the current use of telemedicine and telementoring in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery.Data SourcesPubMed and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA scoping review search was conducted, which identified 469 articles. Following full‐text screening by 2 researchers, 173 articles were eligible for inclusion and further categorized via relevant subdomains.ConclusionsVirtual encounters and telementoring are the 2 main applications of telemedicine in otolaryngology. These applications can be classified into 7 subdomains. Different ear, nose, and throat subspecialties utilized certain telemedicine applications more than others; for example, almost all articles on patient engagement tools are rhinology based. Overall, telemedicine is feasible, showing similar concordance when compared with traditional methods; it is also cost‐effective, with high patient and provider satisfaction.Implications for PracticeTelemedicine in otorhinolaryngology has been widely employed during the COVID‐19 pandemic and has a huge potential, especially with regard to its distributing quality care to rural areas. However, it is important to note that with current exponential use, it is equally crucial to ensure security and privacy and integrate HIPAA‐compliant systems (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the big data era. It is expected that many more applications developed during the pandemic are here to stay and will be refined in years to come.
Postglacial evolution of Lake Constance: sedimentological and geochemical evidence from a deep-basin sediment core
Authors: Schaller Sebastian , Böttcher Michael E. , Buechi Marius W. , Epp Laura S. , Fabbri Stefano C. , Gribenski Natacha , Harms Ulrich , Krastel Sebastian , Liebezeit Alina , Lindhorst Katja , Marxen Hanna , Raschke Ulli , Schleheck David , Schmiedinger Iris , Schwalb Antje , Vogel Hendrik , Wessels Martin , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe modern, over 250-m-deep basin of Lake Constance represents the underfilled northern part of an over 400-m-deep, glacially overdeepened trough, which reaches well into the Alps at its southern end. The overdeepening was formed by repeated glacial advance-retreat cycles of the Rhine Glacier throughout the Middle to Late Pleistocene. A seismic survey of Lake Constance revealed a Quaternary sediment fill of more than 150 m thickness representing at least the last glacial cycle. The stratified sedimentary fill consists at the base of ice-contact deposits on top of the molasse bedrock, overlain by glaciolacustrine to lacustrine sediments. During the successful field test of a newly developed, mid-size coring system ("HIPERCORIG"), the longest core (HIBO19) ever taken in Lake Constance was retrieved with an overall length of 24 m. The sediments recovered consist of a nearly continuous succession of lacustrine silts and sands including more than 12 m of Late Glacial sediment at the base. 14 lithotypes were identified through petrophysical and geochemical analyses. In combination with a 14C- and OSL-based age-depth model, the core was divided into three main chronostratigraphic units. The basal age of ~ 13.7 ka BP dates the base of the succession back to the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, with overlying strata representing a complete and thick Younger-Dryas to Holocene succession. The sediments offer a high-resolution insight into the evolution of paleo-Lake Constance from a cold, postglacial to a more productive and warmer Holocene lake. The Late Glacial succession is dominated by massive, m-thick sand beds reflecting episodic sedimentation pulses. They are most likely linked to a subaquatic channel system originating in the river Seefelder Aach, which is, despite the Holocene drape, still apparent in today’s lake bathymetry. The overlying Holocene succession reveals a prominent, several cm-thick, double-turbiditic event layer representing the most distal impact of the Flimser Bergsturz, the largest known rockslide of the Alps that occurred over 100 km upstream the river Rhine at ~ 9.5 ka BP. Furthermore, lithologic variations in the Holocene succession document the varying sediment loads of the river Rhine and the endogenic production representing a multitude of environmental changes.
Simplified Matrix Focusing Imaging Algorithm for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Ma Zemin , Zhang Jiaying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFull matrix focusing method of ultrasonic phased array has been proved with advantages of good signal-to-noise ratio and imaging resolution in the field of Ultrasonic NDT. However, it is still suffering from the time-consuming data acquisition and processing. In order to solve the problem, two simplified matrix focusing methods are provided in the paper. One provided method is a triangular matrix focusing algorithm based on the principle of reciprocity for the multi-channel ultrasonic system. The other provided method is a trapezoidal matrix focusing algorithm based on the energy weight of the different channel to the focusing area. Time of data acquisition and computational is decreased with the provided simplified matrix focusing methods. In order to prove the validity of two provided algorithms, both side-drilled holes and oblique cracks are used for imaging experiments. The experimental results show that the imaging quality of the triangular matrix focusing algorithm is basically consistent to that of the full matrix focusing method. And imaging quality of the trapezoidal matrix focusing algorithm is slightly reduced with the amount of multi-channel data decreasing. Both data acquisition and computational efficiency using the triangular matrix focusing algorithm and the trapezoidal matrix focusing algorithm have been improved significantly compared with original full matrix focusing method.
Formation Mechanism of Precursor Films at High Temperatures: A Review
Authors: Lin Qiaoli , Liu Lu , Zhu Wenqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe formation of a precursor film (PF) is always coupled with better wettability; thus, clarifying the formation mechanism is required to optimize the interfacial structures. However, recent research focuses on inert wetting systems at room temperature, which cannot guide practical material processing at high temperatures. In this review, PF formation mechanisms at high temperatures were reviewed. The mechanisms are surface diffusion, evaporation–condensation, subcutaneous infiltration, and rapid absorption and film overflow. In experimental metal/metal systems, the most probable mechanism is subcutaneous infiltration, related to the apparent contact angle, radius, and height of the gap between the substrate metal and the oxide film. The rapid absorption and film overflow mechanism usually occurs in metal/ceramic systems. The PF appearance for the adsorption mechanism must satisfy the paradox, that is, the relative inertial and high-affinity liquid/solid interface. Finally, another possible mechanism of PF appearance for the reactive wetting system at high temperatures was proposed, that is, the thin-surface transport mechanism. The PF formation is sensitive to external conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop thermodynamic and dynamic models for predicting and simulating PFs.
Defect Analysis and Innovation Design of Synchronizer for Clutchless Automatic Mechanical Transmission
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Peng Yunao , Yang Haojie , Li Shaohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synchronizer is a key component of automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) equipped in electric vehicles, but the inertial lock-ring synchronizer (ILRS) commonly used there is not suitable especially for pure electric vehicles without a clutch because of big shift impact. To make the shifting process rapid and smooth, a new synchronizer named pressure-controllable friction ring synchronizer (PCFRS) was designed. Initially, the inevitable shortcoming of ILRS was verified by simulation and test. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics and advantages of the new synchronizer over ILRS were analyzed. Then, the formulations describing the dynamic transmission based on the working mechanism of the PCFRS were established. Finally, the shifting simulation results with PCFRS and ILRS based on the same operating conditions were compared and analyzed. The research shows that the PCFRS can meet the main shifting evaluation index of an AMT without complex control methods, as well as it takes only 0.2406 s to finish the comfortable and zero-speed-difference shifting. The shifting quality of PCFRS is better than that of the ILRS. It lays a foundation for using the new synchronizer as a part of clutchless AMTs equipped in pure electric vehicles.
A comparison of clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer between Nigerian and South African black men
Authors: Ahmed Ridwan Oladotun , Sewram Vikash , Oyesegun Adisa Rasaaq , Ayele Birhanu , van Wyk Abrie , Fernandez Pedro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest non-cutaneous male malignancy. It is more aggressive among black men with little known reasons as to the cause and continued trend among black men. This disproportionate pattern of PCa especially among black men of African ancestry resident in Africa calls for a closer look. Nigeria and South Africa, combined, have the highest cumulative risk incidence of PCa in Africa. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic behaviour of PCa among Nigerian and South African black men and the relationship between the disease and socio-demographic characteristics alongside medical co-morbidities.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in which de-identified records of 234 black men with pathologically confirmed PCa between 2007 and 2017 from two tertiary hospitals, in Nigeria (National Hospital, Abuja) and South Africa (Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town), were reviewed.ResultsMedian age at presentation from both countries was 66 years (interquartile range, IQR 61–73 years) while the median PSA at presentation was 46 ng/ml (IQR 16–336.5 ng/ml). Half of the men (117/234) presented with locally advanced disease while metastatic disease was observed in 65.9% (27/41) of Nigerian men and 34.1% (14/41) of South African men. Thirty-three per cent of the men presented with organ-confined disease. Overall, Nigerian men presented with less organ-confined disease and significantly higher stage of disease (p < 0.001). Risk stratification using PSA, Gleason scores and T-staging showed that 84.2% (n = 197) of all the men presented with high-risk PCa disease. There was a statistically significant difference between Nigerian and South African black men (p = 0.003) in terms of disease risk at presentation. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (Adjusted OR 1.053 (95% CI 1.003–1.106),p = 0.003) and country of residence (Adjusted OR 4.281 (95% CI 1.690–10.844),p = 0.002) had a statistically significant relationship with high risk of PCa while disease co-morbidities (like diabetes and hypertension) and rural/urban location in both countries did not.ConclusionsDisparities exist between PCa presentation and clinicopathologic behaviour among Nigerian and South African black men. Nigerian men showed higher disease risk at presentation. Environmental-genetic interactions need further exploration in the aetio-pathogenesis of PCa in black men of African ancestry.
Nocardia keratitis: amikacin nonsusceptibility, risk factors, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Adre Ethan , Maestre-Mesa Jorge , Durkee Heather , Arboleda Alejandro , Flynn Harry , Amescua Guillermo , Parel Jean-Marie , Miller Darlene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To report the increasing trends in Nocardia keratitis species diversity and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility, to demonstrate contact lens wear as a risk factor, and to report visual acuity outcomes after treatment.

Methods
A retrospective clinical case series was performed at a single academic referral center which identified 26 patients with culture-confirmed Nocardia keratitis between 2014 and 2021. A combination of conventional microbiology and molecular techniques were used to identify isolates. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using both commercial and in-house laboratory methods. Microbiology and electronic medical records were used to characterize patients’ clinical profiles.

Results
Patients’ median age was 32.5 years with a 2:1 male to female ratio. Eighty-four percent (n = 21/25) of patients were diagnosed within two weeks of symptom onset. Nocardia amikacinitolerans (n = 11/26) was the most recovered Nocardia isolate among study patients. Sixty-four percent (n = 16/25) of all isolates, including all 11 N. amikacinitolerans isolates, were resistant to amikacin. All isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Contact lens wear was the leading identified risk factor (n = 23/26) in this population. Median time to resolution was 44 days (n = 23, range: 3–190 days). Seventy-one percent of patients (n = 15/21) had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better.

Conclusion
Amikacin resistant Nocardia isolates were the majority in the current study. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole may be the preferred alternative antibiotic treatment based on in vitro susceptibilities. Contact lens wear was the major risk factor for Nocardia keratitis in South Florida. Overall visual acuity treatment outcomes of patients were favorable.
Early stage evaluation of colon cancer using tungsten disulfide quantum dots and bacteriophage nano-biocomposite as an efficient electrochemical platform
Authors: Pourakbari Ramin , Yousefi Mehdi , Khalilzadeh Balal , Irani-nezhad Mahsa Haddad , Khataee Alireza , Aghebati-Maleki Leili , Soleimanian Alireza , Kamrani Amin , Chakari-Khiavi Forough , Abolhasan Rozita , Motallebnezhad Morteza , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , Yousefi Bahman , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, biosensors have become popular analytical tools for small analytes due to their high sensitivity and wide analytical range. In the present work, development of a novel biosensing method based on tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2QDs)-Au for rapidly and selectively detecting c-Met protein is introduced. As a proof of concept, M13 bacteriophage-based biosensors were used for the electrochemical detection of c-Met protein as a colon cancer biomarker.MethodThe M13 bacteriophage (virus), as the biorecognition element, was immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes which were modified by WS2QDs-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The stepwise presence of the WS2QDs, gold nanoparticles, and immobilized phage on glassy carbon electrodes were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique.ResultsThe designed biosensor was applied to measure the amount of c-Met protein in standard solutions, and consequently the desirable detection limit of 1 pg was obtained. Finally, as a proof of concept, the developed platform was used for the evaluation of c-Met protein in serum samples of colon cancer-suffering patients and the results were compared with the results of the common Elisa kit.ConclusionsAs an interesting part of this study, some concentrations of the c-Met protein in colon cancer serum samples which could not be determined by Elisa, were easily analyzed by the developed bioassay system. The developed bioassay system has great potential to application in biomedical laboratories.Graphical Abstract
Cyclical regression covariates remove the major confounding effect of cyclical developmental gene expression with strain-specific drug response in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Foster Gabriel J. , Sievert Mackenzie A. C. , Button-Simons Katrina , Vendrely Katelyn M. , Romero-Severson Jeanne , Ferdig Michael T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The cyclical nature of gene expression in the intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC) of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, confounds the accurate detection of specific transcriptional differences, e.g. as provoked by the development of drug resistance. In lab-based studies, P. falciparum cultures are synchronized to remove this confounding factor, but the rapid detection of emerging resistance to artemisinin therapies requires rapid analysis of transcriptomes extracted directly from clinical samples. Here we propose the use of cyclical regression covariates (CRC) to eliminate the major confounding effect of developmentally driven transcriptional changes in clinical samples. We show that elimination of this confounding factor reduces both Type I and Type II errors and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using a published dataset of 1043 transcriptomes extracted directly from patient blood samples with different patient clearance times after treatment with artemisinin.

Results
We apply this method to two publicly available datasets and demonstrate its ability to reduce the confounding of differences in transcript levels due to misaligned intraerythrocytic development time. Adjusting the clinical 1043 transcriptomes dataset with CRC results in detection of fewer functional categories than previously reported from the same data set adjusted using other methods. We also detect mostly the same functional categories, but observe fewer genes within these categories. Finally, the CRC method identifies genes in a functional category that was absent from the results when the dataset was adjusted using other methods. Analysis of differential gene expression in the clinical data samples that vary broadly for developmental stage resulted in the detection of far fewer transcripts in fewer functional categories while, at the same time, identifying genes in two functional categories not present in the unadjusted data analysis. These differences are consistent with the expectation that CRC reduces both false positives and false negatives with the largest effect on datasets from samples with greater variance in developmental stage.

Conclusions
Cyclical regression covariates have immediate application to parasite transcriptome sequencing directly from clinical blood samples and to cost-constrained in vitro experiments.