bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Preferences for Comprehensive Electoral Reform in the United States
Authors: Coll Joseph , J. Tolbert Caroline , Ritter Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine whether Americans have a latent attitude toward comprehensive electoral reform the determinants of this attitude.MethodsThe article creates and validates an index of election reform attitudes; examines the independent and interactive roles of partisanship, political interest, electoral fortunes, and satisfaction with democracy on these attitudes.ResultsWhile a majority of Americans favor comprehensive election reform, this desire is strongest among Democrats, independents, people who feel they regularly lose in elections, and individuals who are dissatisfied with democracy, with no independent effect of political interest. Multivariate results find the effect of partisanship is conditioned by whether the respondent feels they generally win or lose in elections and satisfaction with democracy. Partisanship also interacts with political interest. More interested Democrats (Republicans) are more (less) supportive of comprehensive reform. Independents who are electoral losers or dissatisfied with government strongly favor election reform and resemble Democrats, while independents who feel they regularly win or are more satisfied are more opposed and resemble Republicans.ConclusionTwo‐thirds of Americans favor modernizing and updating U.S. election laws, but these attitudes are colored by partisanship, with evidence suggesting both elite messaging and expected electoral advantage as potential influences. Additionally, asymmetric partisan interactive effects are uncovered.
Temporal variation in soil carbon in various paddy soil types in a cold temperate continental monsoon climate
Authors: Wang Qiuju , Liu Xin , Li Jingyang , Li Pengfei , Zuo Xin , Chang Benchao , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Nan , Yu Hongjiu , Miao Lili , Liu Jie , Guo Zhenhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is the most important carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem. However, temporal variations in paddy SOC under a temperate continental monsoon climate are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that significant SOC variations occur in meadow soil (MS), black soil (BS) and planosol (PS) paddy soils. Several soil samples were collected from different regions where rice was cultivated for 1, 6, 10, 23 and 40 years for MS samples; for 1, 6, 10, 20 and 35 years for BS samples and 1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 years for PS samples. The total organic carbon (TOC) content and humus organic carbon (HOC) content were found to increase as the rice cultivation duration increased, while the mineralizable organic carbon (MOC) content and carbohydrate organic carbon (COC) content exhibited the opposite trend. The relationships between the relative carbon accumulation (Y) in the three soil types and time (X) were consistent with the following models: YTOC = 0.9973X0.0245, YHOC = 0.9936X0.0457, YMOC = 1.023X−0.073, and YCOC = 1.040X−0.059, describing the temporal variation in the various forms of organic carbon in paddy soils under a temperate continental monsoon climate. The results of this study provide a reference for soil carbon pool management and fertilization management.
The APETALA2a/DWARF/BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1 module contributes to carotenoid synthesis in tomato fruits
Authors: Sang Kangqi , Li Junjie , Qian Xiangjie , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong , Xia Xiaojian 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYEthylene (ET) signaling plays a critical role in the ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. Brassinosteroids (BRs) were found to promote the ripening of both climacteric and non‐climacteric fruits. However, the mechanism of interaction between ET and BRs during fruit ripening is unclear. Here, we found that BR synthesis and signaling increased after the onset of fruit ripening. Overexpression of the BR synthesis gene DWARF (DWF) promotedfruit softening, lycopene synthesis and ET production, whereas defect of DWF inhibited them. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) as a key component of BR signaling, enhanced fruit lycopene content by directly activating the transcription of PSY1 gene. Interestingly, the increases in BR synthesis and BZR1 protein levels were dependent on ET signaling. Knocking out the ET‐induced APETALA2a (AP2a) suppressed the expression of DWF and BR accumulation. Molecular assays demonstrated that AP2a was a positive regulator of DWF expression. Furthermore, 28‐homobrassinolide, a bioactive BR, partially compensated the defects of lycopene accumulation and expression of PSY1 in ap2a mutant fruits. The results demonstrated that AP2a mediated ET signaling to regulate BR synthesis and signaling. BRs played critical roles in lycopene synthesis after onset of fruit ripening.
Safety and feasibility of short course pre‐operative radiation therapy followed by surgical excision for canine solid tumours
Authors: Smith‐Oskrochi Lauren , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Hollenbeck Danielle , Stocks Christian , Deveau Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurgical resection of solid tumours, especially in early stages of disease, remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment in dogs and cats. There are numerous publications that show a strong association between local tumour control and outcome. To achieve local control in some cases radiation therapy and surgery are combined, with radiation therapy being delivered in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. The objective of the study was to report acute toxicity and surgical site complication data in dogs that received a short‐course pre‐operative (SCPO) radiation therapy protocol, followed by surgical excision for various solid tumours. Medical records were reviewed, and data was analysed retrospectively. Dogs were included if a dermal or subcutaneous solid tumour was treated with SCPO radiation therapy and then was resected on the last day of radiation or 2–3 weeks later. A total of 34 dogs with 35 primary tumours were included. Acute radiation toxicity was diagnosed in 14 sites (40%). VRTOG scores were grade 1 in 50%, grade 2 in 43%, and grade 3 in 7%. Surgical site complications were identified in 17% of dogs with an overall surgical site infection rate of 11%. According to the Clavien‐Dindo classification, two dogs required medical intervention (grade 2), 1 dog required surgical intervention under general anaesthesia (grade 3b), and 1 dog died as a result of complications (grade 5). Logistic regression analysis found that anatomic site was significantly associated with complications, where tumours located on the extremity was protective (P = .02; OR 0.06).
EFFECTS OF FUNNELIFORMIS MOSSEAE INOCULATION ON CHILI PEPPER GROWTH UNDER REPEATED DROUGHT STRESS
Authors: Sudiana I Made , Dwi Chandra Nicholas , Mangunwardoyo Wibowo , Kanti Atit , Pangihotan Napitupulu Toga , Idris Idris , Sumerta I Nyoman 
Published: October 2022

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a common commodity used as spice and pharmaceutical uses around the world. However, chili pepper cultivation failure often occurs due to drought exposure. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), such as Funneliformis mosseae, has the potential to induce defense against drought stress through symbiotic association with plant roots. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of F. mosseae inoculation on the growth of chili pepper under repeated drought stress. Chili pepper plants were exposed to three drought regimes for two cycles, with one rewatering event between the cycles. The plant agronomic variables, physiological performance, and microorganism parameters were observed. The results showed that the plant height, fresh and dry shoot weight, along with fresh and dry root weight increased significantly with F. mosseae inoculation under repeated drought stress. The F. mosseae treatment also increased water relative content and decreased proline and lipid peroxidation significantly. Although drought exposure decreased the AMF root colonization rate, the total microbial activity and glomalin-related soil protein were still increased by the F. mosseae inoculation. However, F. mosseae inoculation was negatively correlated to the abundance of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The results suggested that F. mosseae gave positive effects on C. frutescens L. growth under repeated drought stress through induced morphological and physiological responses.
UTILIZATION OF DOMINANT AND OPORTUNISTIC TAXA OF MACROBENTHIC ASSEMBLAGES INHABITING SEDIMENTS UNDER FISH FARMS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ASSSESSMENT
Authors: P. Putro Sapto , Hawarizqi Nuke , - Widowati , Adhy Satriyo 
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to analyse the environmental quality based on opportunistic taxa and dominant taxa of macrobenthic assemblages, comparing sediment under the IMTA-aquaculture and the reference site, Karimunjawa National Park. Sediments were sampled between May and October 2019, in two sampling times at the IMTA cages in which star pomfret (Trachinotus blochii) and tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) were farmed with 3 stations. The reference area was located 1 km away from the fish farm zone. Transformed data of macrobenthic abundance was correlated to abiotic variables using BIO-ENV using Primer V.6.1.5 software. The dominant taxa at IMTA sites were Diala semistriata, Rissoina ambigua, Stilifer ovoideus, Acteocina fusiformis, Cerithium punctatum, Allorchestes compressa and Capitella capitata, whilst those at the reference sites were dominated by Barbatia lima, Acteocina candei, Cerithium punctatum, Owenia fusiformis, and Anaspides spinulae. Further analyses on the selected dominant and opportunistic taxa of macrobenthic assemblages between the IMTA area (M = 10.18, SE = 2.056) and the reference area (M = 3.18, SE = 0.732) still showed a significant difference (t(42) = 3.207, p = 0.003), indicating a consistency of the results of parametric statistical tests, both using the complete and the selected data set. The use of selected and dominant taxa is effective in determining environmental status and level of disturbance, and speed up the identification process and monitoring time.
Exploring the Relationship Between Athletes’ Perceptions of Their Team Motivational Climate and Their Sport Shame
Authors: Fontana Mario S. , Fry Mary D. , Moore E. Whitney G. 
Published: October 2022

Athletes have reported that they would experience shame while playing sport, both for their lack of preparation (process shame) and for their poor outcomes (result shame) during competition. The purpose of this study was to explore how motivational climate is related to athletes’ process and result shame. A survey was administered to 259 high-school track and field athletes before a practice 3 weeks into the season. Structural equation modeling showed that a perceived caring and task-involving motivational climate was positively related to athletes’ process shame and negatively related to their result shame. Perceptions of an ego-involving motivational climate were negatively related to athletes’ process shame and positively related to athletes’ result shame. The results highlight that caring and task-involving behaviors in coaches may help mitigate proneness to shame in athletes.
Measurement of $$J/\psi $$ decays into final states $$2(\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-})\pi ^{0},K^{+}K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{0},\,2(\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-})$$ and $$K^{+}K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$
Authors: Anashin V. V. , Anchugov O. V. , Aulchenko V. M. , Baldin E. M. , Baranov G. N. , Barladyan A. K. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Barnyakov M. Yu. , Baru S. E. , Basok I. Yu. , Batrakov A. M. , Bekhtenev E. A. , Blinov A. E. , Blinov V. E. , Bobrov A. V. , Bobrovnikov V. S. , Bogomyagkov A. V. , Bondar A. E. , Buzykaev A. R. , Cheblakov P. B. , Dorohov V. L. , Eidelman S. I. , Glukhov S. A. , Grigoriev D. N. , Kaminskiy V. V. , Karnaev S. E. , Karpov G. V. , Karpov S. V. , Karukina K. Yu. , Kashtankin D. P. , Katsin A. A. , Kharlamova T. A. , Kiselev V. A. , Kolmogorov V. V. , Kononov S. A. , Kotov K. Yu. , Krasnov A. A. , Kravchenko E. A. , Kudryavtsev V. N. , Kulikov V. F. , Kuper E. A. , Kurkin G. Ya. , Kuyanov I. A. , Levichev E. B. , Maksimov D. A. , Malyshev V. M. , Maslennikov A. L. , Meshkov O. I. , Mishnev S. I. , Morozov I. A. , Morozov I. I. , Muchnoi N. Yu. , Neufeld V. V. , Nikitin S. A. , Nikolaev I. B. , Okunev I. N. , Onuchin A. P. , Oreshkin S. B. , Osipov A. A. , Ovtin I. V. , Peleganchuk S. V. , Petrov V. V. , Piminov P. A. , Pivovarov S. G. , Prisekin V. G. , Rezanova O. L. , Ruban A. A. , Sandyrev V. K. , Savinov G. A. , Shamov A. G. , Shatilov D. N. , Shekhtman L. I. , Shvedov D. A. , Shwartz B. A. , Simonov E. A. , Sinyatkin S. V. , Skrinsky A. N. , Sokolov A. V. , Starostina E. V. , Sukhanov D. P. , Sukharev A. M. , Talyshev A. A. , Tayursky V. A. , Telnov V. I. , Tikhonov Yu. A. , Todyshev K. Yu. , Tribendis A. G. , Tumaikin G. M. , Usov Yu. V. , Vorobiov A. I. , Zhilich V. N. , Zhukov A. A. , Zhulanov V. V. , Zhuravlev A. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing the 1.32 $$\hbox {pb}^{-1}$$

pb

-
1

statistics collected at the $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

peak with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M $$e^{+}e^{-\, }$$

e
+

e

-

collider, we measured the branching fractions of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

meson decays to the final states 2($$\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-})\pi ^{0}$$

π
+

π
-

)

π
0

, $$K^{+}K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{0}$$

K
+

K
-

π
+

π
-

π
0

, 2($$\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-})$$

π
+

π
-

)

and $$K^{+}K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$

K
+

K
-

π
+

π
-

. The results obtained for the decays $$J/\psi \rightarrow $$

J
/
ψ
→

2($$\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-})\pi ^{0}$$

π
+

π
-

)

π
0

, $$J/\psi \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{0}$$

J
/
ψ
→

K
+

K
-

π
+

π
-

π
0

contradict the measurements performed by other groups in the last century, but agree well with recent results of BABAR and BESIII collaborations.
Imaging of Alternobaric Facial Palsy: An Etiologic Hypothesis
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Page Joshua Cody , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To report a case of alternobaric facial palsy (AFP) with a hyperpneumatized temporal bone and to review the relevant literature in order to propose a new facet of AFP pathogenesis. Methods: A patient with a hyperpneumatized temporal bone was found to have recurrent episodes of facial palsy associated with air travel. Systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase characterized all articles related to transient facial palsy associated with altitude changes or diving with a focus on demographics and imaging findings. Results: A 25 year-old male was referred for recurrent facial palsy associated with commercial air travel. Imaging demonstrated a hyperpneumatized and well-aerated temporal bone. Total air cell volume was calculated to be 8.59 cc on the affected side. A systematic review of the literature identified 49 cases of AFP. Mean age was 34 years old and 80% were male. Twelve cases had imaging of the temporal bone for evaluation, of which 85% demonstrated at least 1 area of hyperpneumatization. Hyperpneumatization was most frequently encountered in the mastoid, zygomatic root, and inferior petrous apex. Conclusion: Hyperpneumatization of the temporal bone is critical to AFP etiology as it predicts higher middle ear pressure, if atmospheric pressure changes cannot be equilibrated, via reduced efficacy of normal tympanic membrane pressure buffering. This hypothesis helps to better account for the rarity of the condition and male preponderance.
Emergency Responses Under COVID-19: Development Assistance, ‘Structural Violence’, and ‘Interpretive Labour’ in Samoa
Authors: Blunt Peter , Escobar Cecilia , Missos Vlassis 
Published: October 2022

Data gathered in Samoa before and after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020 compare and contrast the nature and extent of ‘structural violence’ perpetrated by ‘egoistic’ bilateral development assistance. Despite much higher risks and costs to aid recipients than under normal circumstances, during the pandemic, donor control in ‘increasingly detailed and encompassing ways’ and donor use of ‘technical discourse’ to conceal ‘hidden purposes of bureaucratic power or dominance’ both increased significantly. Pandemic-induced opportunistic abandonments by donor governments of neoliberal policy principles did not ameliorate such structural violence. Individual differences among donor officials affected how control was exercised and whether host-government ‘ownership’ and ‘leadership’ of development assistance was flouted peremptorily, or denied more subtly and politely (with ‘warm regards’); and they influenced the volume and complexity of ‘interpretive labour’ required of resistance. But donor domination and control were undiminished by any of this. ‘Bullshit’ jobs and the blind allegiance of their (donor) incumbents were crucial to the realisation of such ends. The findings reconfirm the embeddedness of the neoliberal order and shed light on the character of its deep-seated bureaucratic resistance to change. JEL: F35, F54, F55, O19, O20, O22, P48
Sleep efficiency and naturalistically-observed social behavior following marital separation: The critical role of contact with an ex-partner
Authors: Coppola Andrea M. , Mehl Matthias R. , Tackman Allison M. , Dawson Spencer C. , O’Hara Karey L. , Sbarra David A. 
Published: October 2022

Marital disruption is associated with increased risk for a range of poor health outcomes, including disturbed sleep. This report examines trajectories of actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency following marital separation as well as the extent to which daily social behaviors and individual differences in attachment explain variability in these trajectories over time. One hundred twenty-two recently-separated adults ( N = 122) were followed longitudinally for three assessment periods over 5 months. To objectively assess daily social behaviors and sleep efficiency, participants wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) during the day (for one weekend at each assessment period) and an actiwatch at night (for 7 days at each assessment period). Greater time spent with an ex-partner, as assessed by the EAR, was associated with decreased sleep efficiency between participants ( p = .003). Higher attachment anxiety was also associated with decreased sleep efficiency ( p = .03), as was the EAR-observed measure of “television on.” The latter effect operated both between ( p = .004) and within participants ( p = .005). Finally, study timepoint moderated the association between EAR-observed television on and sleep efficiency ( p = .007). The current findings deepen our understanding of sleep disturbances following marital separation and point to contact with an ex-partner and time spent with the television on as behavioral markers of risk.
Ketamine infusion for sedation in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Authors: Farrokh Salia , Kim Bo Soo , Cho Sung-Min 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: we sought to explore the efficacy of ketamine in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) receiving ketamine for sedation by investigating the utility of plasma ketamine concentrations. Case report: retrospective chart review of one critically ill patient on ECMO Discussion: This was a descriptive review of serial plasma ketamine concentrations in an ECMO patient. Although no reference plasma concentrations exist in ECMO patients, ketamine levels appeared to be lower than those seen in surgical patients not on ECMO. Conclusion: At this point, no reference plasma concentrations exist for ketamine in ECMO patients, further research may help understand the effects of ECMO on ketamine disposition and that lower ketamine concentrations may be used for effective analgesia or sedation.
Tribute and Tribute Missions Revisited
Authors: Togan Isenbike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe term “tribute” had a strong presence in Western literature on China, as a result of Sino-European encounters in the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. In these studies tribute was examined from the China angle. When views of the neighboring peoples are taken into consideration, it becomes evident that the smaller states in Inner Asia had not adopted the notion of China. A comparison with the practices of the Ottoman empire reveals that they also were using a strategy similar China. The paper suggests examining the practices of the smaller states in their own terms rather than in the shadow of the larger states.
Activating Worksites to Implement Policy, Systems, and Environmental Changes: Outcomes and Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Seiler Melanie , Crosier Veronica , Vance James , O’Hara Tompkins Nancy 
Published: October 2022

Purpose Although workplaces are prime settings for health promotion, little is known about the implementation of policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes focused on chronic disease. PSEs have broader reach and are more sustainable than individual level strategies. Design non-experimental, one group design with no control. Setting: West Virginia, a state with significant chronic disease-related health disparities Subjects Convenience sample of 27 workplaces, representing 6 industry types. Intervention $1000 in micro funding awarded to workplaces to participate in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Work@Health®/ScoreCard, and implement PSEs. Measures ScoreCard baseline results; post project survey results Analysis Descriptive analysis of ScoreCard; survey responses coded into PSE and I (individual level strategies) categories; frequencies were calculated. Results 63% of the workplaces were very small (1-100 employees). Chronic disease-related organizational practices (ScoreCard) were minimal: nutrition (5/24), physical activity (7/22), diabetes (5/15), cholesterol (4/13), and high blood pressure (6/16). Workplaces reported a total of 95 PSEs: P-8, S-55, and E−32. Conclusion Policy change was the least frequently attempted and reported PSE strategy. More research with a stronger study design is needed to determine if (1) baseline organizational practices (Scorecard scores) improve, (2) PSEs (especially P) can be implemented without micro funding/TA, (3) workplace-type is related to use of the funds/TA, and (4) enacting PSE changes leads to healthier employees.
Paying for PrEP: A qualitative study of cost factors that impact pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake in the US.
Authors: Sosnowy Collette , Predmore Zachary , Dean Lorraine T , Raifman Julia , Chu Christina , Galipeau Drew , Nocka Kristen , Napoleon Siena , Chan Philip 
Published: October 2022

Background Concerns about the actual and perceived costs of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continue to be a major barrier to uptake among gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 GBMSM who presented for routine health care at a STD clinic in the northeastern United States. The cohort included GBMSM who were or were not currently taking PrEP and represented varied health care coverage and financial resources. We used a structured coding scheme to analyze transcripts and identify themes relevant to cost factors. Results Participants shared their perspectives about PrEP and their experiences with accessing and paying for PrEP. Our findings suggest that health care coverage or financial assistance were essential to PrEP access but were not easily accessible to all people and did not always cover all costs. Therefore, paying for PrEP had to be balanced with other life expenses. Participants had multiple sources for information about PrEP cost and assistance from clinic and pharmacy staff helped reduce burden and resolve difficulties. Conclusion Addressing gaps in health care coverage, providing financial support, and improving the enrollment process in a financial assistance program may improve PrEP uptake.