bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expressive Thresholds and Anomalous Utterances
Authors: Whitesell Lloyd 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The convention of bursting into stylized performance has provoked terminological and conceptual debates in film musical scholarship. This article considers the crucial experience of a threshold between an everyday and a musicalized realm, which seems to provide access to a privileged state of existence. Then it explores an additional way in which the film musical pits realism against stylization, concerning the scene of utterance, that is, how musical numbers dramatize social exchange. Musical utterances can be classified as lyric, presentational, or participatory; within each category, scenes can conform to or suspend realism. Anomalous types with no real-life models include scenes of group expression, speechifying, ambient voices, and the virtual show. Analysis of utterance types can provide insights into the double-natured aesthetic of the genre.
The Inter-American Quest for Peace and Justice
Authors: Peace Roger 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys US-Latin American relations over the course of 180 years, recounting domestic, transnational, and diplomatic efforts to contain and reform U.S. interventionism and establish just societies in Latin America. Chapter sections highlight opposition to the US-Mexican War, 1846–1848; actions taken to avoid another war with Mexico in the early twentieth century; transnational organizing and lobbying aimed at ending US military occupations in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua; successful Latin American diplomatic efforts to establish the principle of non-intervention in international law; multiple challenges to US Cold War policies, liberation theology, and human rights movements; the Central America Movement of the 1980s; Latin American challenges to US violations of international law; and twenty-first-century peace and justice projects in Latin America.
The Ongoing Quest for Marginal Peace in the Arab World
Authors: Mershani Aisha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe revolutions of 2011 were not produced in a vacuum. Grievances were transferred from one generation to the next, and as result, the Arab youth of 2011 were part of a long legacy of resistance to state violence and social movements striving for peace with justice. This chapter will map out contemporary histories of Arab resistance with the aim of peace and social justice through three distinct eras—nationalism (1948–1960), neoliberalism (1970–2000), and pro-democracy (2000–2020)—to provide insight into how Arab movements at large and groups and individuals specifically have advocated for peace over several generations. This chapter contributes a framework for how social justice actors are not always guided by ideology, but by necessity. As a result, this chapter argues for a distinct theorization of peace that takes seriously how movements for peace emerged from the margins to battle the violence of colonialism, neoliberalism, and corruption.
Ancient Rome and the Quest for Peace
Authors: Weigel Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although peace for the ancient Romans was primarily “negative” in that it was both established and maintained by superior military force, they did create peace over substantive geographical areas that lasted for significant periods of time during both the republic and the “pax Romana” of the empire. There were also religious, linguistic, economic, and political actions that helped secure peace in a positive way. Those Romans who commented on the benefits that accompanied peace generally contrasted these with the chaos and bloodshed they associated with civil war and connected them both to a golden age in their early history as well as with their own experiences in the early Empire period.
Bertha von Suttner
Authors: Buffton Deborah D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) was the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize (1905) and one of the most important and best-known peace activists in Europe between 1889 and 1914. In 1889 she wrote the most popular antiwar novel of the late nineteenth century, Die Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms), and numerous other books and articles related to peace. She worked tirelessly to promote international arbitration through the Interparliamentary Union, helped organize the Austrian and German Peace Societies and conferences, edited a newsletter promoting peace, and lectured throughout Europe and the United States. Her upbringing in an aristocratic, military Austrian family makes her conversion to peace activism surprising. This chapter will examine how she became a peace activist, the influence of Charles Darwin and Henry Thomas Buckle on her ideas, how her approach to peace compared with those of Leo Tolstoy and Alfred Nobel, and her significance for the peace movement in the European belle époque.
Discourses and Debates on Peacemaking in Imperial China
Authors: Yu Kam-por 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the discourses and debates on the options of war and peace during the Han and Song dynasties of Chinese history. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), especially the early period, a unified China was disturbed by recurring and irritating raids and lootings from the pastoral nomads in the north. During the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE), China’s highly civilized nation was situated among somewhat equal or even considerably stronger neighbors. While these two periods are both important and representative of Chinese civilization, the international situations and the attitudes towards how to deal with invasive neighbors were remarkably different. A review of the political discourses and debates in these two periods can offer a more comprehensive and concrete understanding of the major concerns regarding war and peace in the Chinese tradition.
Gender, Sexuality, and Peace
Authors: Kennedy Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the interrelationship between gender, race, and sexuality in Black women’s critique of racial violence and theories about peace. It argues that because white supremacist ideology and violence targeted Black bodies, Black women’s peace activism necessarily developed theories about peace and justice that emphasized the interrelationships between gender, sexuality, and race that provide nuanced insights into the nature of American violence both domestically and internationally. The chapter concludes with an exploration of how legal theories Pauli Murray leveraged and anticipated Black feminist theorizing to argue for a reckoning and reconciliation that would allow the United States to fulfill its democratic promise.
Is There a Place for the History of Violence in the History of Peace?
Authors: Smolenski John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Historians frequently look for, and find, violence in the past. This propensity has often led them to ignore the relevance of peace history to their own fields. In this chapter, the author argues that a more nuanced understanding of the history of violence can help us understand the various meanings of peace in different historical contexts. The author proposes that scholars can benefit by adopting a new working definition of peace, seeing peace as the maximum amount of allowable violence in any given time, place, or society. Looking at the American Revolution as a case study, the author shows that focusing on its aftermath reveals that the Revolution ushered in a massive wave of violence throughout the North American continent. The Constitution secured a stable peace within the nation. It also established a government that encouraged slavery and colonization. Moreover, peace for the many within the nation relied on allowing structural violence against some, although ideas of allowable violence varied by social group. Finally, thinking of peace in these terms can increase the relevance of peace history to scholars outside the field of peace studies.
African Peace Traditions and Resistance to Colonial Rule
Authors: Tague Joanna T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the many, diverse peace traditions that African men and women practiced between the sixteenth and early twentieth centuries. It discusses the ways in which these traditions were based on a set of consistent protocols that not only helped shape local social organization but enabled political elites to maintain peaceful relations, settle disputes, and avoid armed conflict (with neighboring African communities as well as with early European travelers, missionaries, explorers, and eventually colonial officials). It argues that these diplomatic protocols impacted gender norms and relations, religion, trade, and mobility in various African societies throughout the continent. It concludes with a discussion of the ways in which African men and women adjusted these peace traditions by the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as they looked to international law and other myriad institutions in response to European imperialism.
Cultural Adaptations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Authors: Masuda Akihiko , Morgan Lucas , Spencer Samuel D. , Qinaʻau Joanne , Jo Duckhyun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
ACT is best understood functionally and contextually as the purposeful behavior of a clinician in a therapeutic context that is both principle-informed and experientially guided. From a functional and contextual account, every ACT case is subject to cultural adaptation because no two individuals have identical learning histories and situational contexts. If ACT is practiced functionally and contextually, no additional guidelines for cultural adaptation are needed. What is extremely difficult, however, is to practice and embody ACT functionally and contextually. The article offers some insights into how a clinician stays connected with the therapeutic context with a given client functionally and contextually.
Baroque Forgeries and the Public Imagination
Authors: Reece Frederick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter asks how public music theory might begin a productive conversation with performers and listeners about compositional forgery. An initial exploration of a 1966 thought experiment proposed by Glenn Gould in High Fidelity magazine leads to a musical reassessment of themes drawn from the existing philosophical literature on art forgery. Stylistic and historical trends specific to compositional forgery are established through a survey of three forged musical compositions which have become entrenched in the public imagination as archetypes of the musical Baroque despite their twentieth-century compositional origins: “Pugnani’s” Praeludium and Allegro (by Fritz Kreisler), “Albinoni’s” Adagio in G Minor (by Remo Giazotto), and “Caccini’s” Ave Maria (by Vladimir Vavilov). Finally, an overview of recent art exhibitions that have contextualized forged paintings in innovative ways leads to a series of practical suggestions for scholars and musicians interested in acknowledging the existence of compositional forgeries, performing them as such, and discussing them openly with the public.
The Colonial Origins of Indigenous Archaeologies
Authors: Nacuzzi Lidia R. , Lucaioli Carina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A review of several colonial stereotypes of South American Indigenous peoples that influenced the archaeological research on them is proposed here from the perspective of Historical Anthropology studies. Officials of the Spanish Crown, missionaries, and travelers described nomadic peoples from the Pampa and Chaco through a series of negative concepts that, for centuries, have overshadowed the understanding of their social and political organization. At the same time, in an attempt to control the territories under their rule, they created a defensive system for their cities, known as frontera (frontier), which functioned as a separation strip between their own spaces and the so-called tierra adentro (interior lands), the space under Indigenous sovereignty. The multiple interactions that took place in those two spaces were also tainted by prejudice and misunderstanding.
Insurgency and Organized Violence in Africa
Authors: Okoi Obasesam , Oriola Temitope B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Insurgency and miscellaneous organized violence have been rising sharply on the African continent. What is driving these attacks? Drawing on case studies in Mali and Somalia, this chapter interrogates the sociological drivers of the insurgent activities, characteristics of insurgent groups, and impact of responses by state actors vis-à-vis organized violence in selected countries. The qualitative analysis shows that state fragility has increased the lethality of insurgencies and the organized violence perpetrated by armed groups such as al-Shabaab in Somalia. As the Somali state continues to show an inability to coordinate a cohesive counterinsurgency response, the development of factional rebel forces has further emboldened al-Shabaab. The state fragility in Mali was exploited by al-Qaeda–affiliated jihadi groups to perpetrate acts of violence in defense of radical Islam. Both cases offer sociologically fascinating contexts for understanding the dynamics of armed insurgencies in Africa.
State Capacity in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Dincecco Mark , Wang Yuhua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates state capacity from a long-run historical perspective. We discuss how to define and measure state capacity. We explain how the establishment of a high-capacity state can enhance domestic peace, improve material prosperity, and promote more pluralistic norms. We describe which factors have obstructed the historical development of high-capacity states. Finally, we characterize ways in which society can harness the various public goods that a capable state can provide, while reducing its potential to act despotically.
Suffrage in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Hanlon W. Walker 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Understanding why an established group of voters would voluntarily choose to share political power with previously disenfranchised groups through expanding suffrage has been an active area for research by political scientists, economists, and others. Much of the research in this area, whether theoretical or empirical, draws on historical experience. This chapter examines recent developments in this vibrant area of historical political economy research. The chapter begins by offering a taxonomy of suffrage reforms, which acknowledges that historical suffrage reforms have come in many varieties, including the enfranchisement of low-income men; women’s suffrage; the extension of voting rights to racial, ethnic, or religious minorities, and so on. Using this taxonomy as a framework for organizing the discussion, the analysis moves to existing theoretical and empirical work that aims to explain why suffrage reforms take place. The chapter then considers work on the consequences of suffrage reform, both political and economic. Overall, this review reveals a literature where there has been substantial recent progress in a number of dimensions, yet many important aspects of suffrage remain largely unexplored.
Households
Authors: LeBaron Genevieve , Stanley Liam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews International Political Economy (IPE) research on the household as an actor within the global economy. The chapter conceptualizes the household in two ways. First of all, it looks at the external relations of the household within the global economy, primarily focusing on residential property and the associated mortgages as a set of key assets for households and banks respectively. It reviews and evaluates the IPE literature on the housing-welfare trade-off, varieties of residential capitalism, and the role of mortgage securitization in global finance. Second, it looks at the internal relations of the household within the global economy, primarily focusing on the household as a site of production and reproduction. It reviews and evaluates the IPE literature on unpaid domestic labor, social reproduction, and the character of capitalism.
Content Analysis in International Political Economy
Authors: Ban Cornel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Content analysis is a research technique used to systematically describe the content of communication, with a view to its interpretation. Over the past two decades this technique has become highly relevant to key questions addressed by International Political Economy (IPE) scholars. This chapter traces the history of content analysis, its varieties, and ways in which it has transformed some research agendas in IPE. As such, the analysis shows that the method has come a long way, from a simple and opaque register (word frequencies, three-point coding schemes, non-transparent coding rules) to a register that is technically sophisticated (automated machine learning, sentiment analysis, author-topic modeling, text mining), transparent and layered with other formal methods (network analysis, sequence analysis, regression analysis). This sophistication has greatly benefited IPE and should be applauded. Yet with growing technical sophistication there emerges the danger of technological fetishism. The chapter suggests that IPE scholars should be mindful of this risk, keep the method flexible, pluralistic, and in touch with the qualitative evidence that has anchored the fundamentals of IPE.
Intergovernmental Organizations
Authors: Broome André 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) became an integral part of International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship when the field emerged and has continued to be an important focus for successive waves of research as the field has developed. This chapter provides an overview of key points of theoretical debate about the status of IGOs as agents in world politics and the complex power relations between IGOs and their member states. Three core areas of IGO scholarship are discussed, drawing on examples including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The chapter examines how different IGOs function as agents of control, coordination, and expertise in the governance of the international political economy.
International Financial Institutions
Authors: Kentikelenis Alexandros E. , Babb Sarah L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Having sizeable lending capacity and unparalleled epistemic power, international financial institutions (IFIs) are the world’s most powerful international organizations. One class of IFIs is primarily focused on lending for development projects, and commands portfolios of hundreds of millions of dollars that can transform infrastructure and social services in low- and middle-income countries. Another class is geared toward providing financial assistance to countries in economic crisis and has an active role in shaping their policy environments. Through these activities, IFIs alter the development trajectories of borrowing countries, for better or for worse. This article reviews these debates. We first map IFI forms and functions and examine their governance structures. Subsequently, we examine two of the leading controversies surrounding IFI activities: the problematic impact of these activities on social and environmental outcomes; and the charge that they impinge on developing countries’ policy sovereignty. We conclude by outlining fruitful directions for future research.
Youth
Authors: Berland Kevin Joel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the major events and influences in Samuel Johnson’s early life––his family background, his difficult birth and early illness, his parents’ circumstances, his schooling and independent learning, his mentors, his time at Oxford, his failures as schoolmaster, his marriage––up to his arrival in London. A major emphasis is on the way key issues in his early life have been interpreted in ways that support differing approaches to Johnson’s later years. The chapter also reviews the medical and neuropsychological issues that affected his entire life, as well as his education and early indications of genius, his discontents at Oxford, his bouts of depression, his forays into teaching, his marriage, and his early religious development.
Polemic
Authors: Vilmar Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter challenges readings of Johnson as empathetic, arguing instead that polemic forms a crucial and habitual aspect of his characteristic style. The polemical qualities of his conversation are analyzed in examples drawn from the biographical. The bulk of the chapter consists of close analysis of his Parliamentary Debates, which are seen in dialogue with other aspects of print and manuscript culture, and argues that the printed form of these debates may be best described as “concatenated polemic.” The conclusion turns to further examples drawn from Johnson’s late political writing as well as his literary criticism. In sum, Johnson arrives at some of his most significant insights in the heat of controversy, frequently engaging in dialogue with other texts that is deliberately aggressive and unsparing.
Travel
Authors: Lee Anthony W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Samuel Johnson’s relationship with travel, both his physical journeys and the textual records of such journeys, or travelogues. It begins by consulting entries on travel in Johnson’s Dictionary and his theoretical discussion in Idler 97, finding that for Johnson, travel and travel-writing possessed profound moral and aesthetic dimensions. The chapter then looks at three major journeys that Johnson undertook to France and Wales with Hester Thrale, and Scotland with James Boswell. All three left textual records of these excursions, and the article describes and analyzes Johnson’s writings in light of the Thrale’s and Boswell’s—especially with respect to Johnson’s Journey to the Western Islands, which is one of his literary masterpieces and a major contribution to the travelogue genre. The article concludes with a consideration of the Journey’s considerable aesthetic dimensions.
Law
Authors: Clingham Greg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Johnson loved the law and counted many lawyers among his closest friends. This chapter argues that Johnson’s knowledge of English common law, European jurisprudence, and natural law was deep and broad. It establishes the formal and imaginative links Johnson makes between language and law, and between rhetorical argument and legal justice. While Johnson understands legal representation as a kind of poetics contributing to a historical narrative, his thinking is always rooted in legal tradition and practice. The chapter thus demonstrates that Johnson sustains broader philosophical and moral principles by recourse to specific legal knowledge, discussing examples associated with property (the case of the Auchinleck entail) and slavery (the case of Joseph Knight). In these and other instances, Johnson deploys legal knowledge and rhetorical skill to question economic sentimentality, moral platitudes, and sloppy thinking. The chapter concludes that in emphasizing legal efficacy in terms of its moral and social consequences, Johnson enlists his respect for established legal practice and civil society in support of social justice and human emancipation, and, in a surprising turn, looks forward to the idea of a “living constitution” articulated by Justice Stephen Breyer in the twentieth century.