bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of a Human Factors Board to Support Well-Being in General Surgery Residents
Authors: McLaughlin Christopher J. , Stahl Kelly A. , Allen Steven R. , Dodge Daleela G. 
Published: July 2022

Problem
Demands placed on resident physicians can make it difficult to keep up with personal needs, often affecting well-being. For military pilots, confidential and nonpunitive human factors boards (HFBs) identify pilots’ human factors (personal or professional problems that might interfere with the ability to perform effectively) and make recommendations for support. The authors sought to determine the feasibility of establishing an HFB for resident physicians and its utility for general surgery residents.

Approach
Publicly available information on HFBs was reviewed and translated to the structure of a general surgery residency. An HFB consisting of a faculty member, resident representative, and neutral third party was established for the general surgery residency program (consisting of 42 residents during the study period) at Penn State Health. From January 1 to July 1, 2020, the HFB responded to human factors needs of general surgery residents. Residents could make requests for themselves or another resident. If all HFB members were in agreement that a request was reasonable, the appropriate resource was directed to the requesting resident and funding was disbursed (if applicable) by the third party.

Outcomes
From January 1 to July 1, 2020, 14 requests were made. Of these, 3 (21%) were made for another resident and 12 (86%) were fulfilled through resources arranged by the HFB. All requests occurred between January 1 and April 1, 2020, likely because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall cost of the program was $932.80.

Next Steps
The HFB represents an adaptable tool that can meet residents’ specific needs as they arise and a mechanism through which residents can receive a tangible response to human factors. Formal feedback is needed to identify areas that could be improved. This structure could be generalized to other graduate medical education programs and physicians at all levels.
Disparities in Pediatric Scoliosis: The Impact of Race and Insurance Type on Access to Nonoperative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Heffernan Michael J. , Younis Manaf , Song Bryant , Fontenot Bailli , Dewitz Ryan , Brooks Jaysson T. , Leonardi Claudia , Barnett Scott A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has evidence-based, nonoperative treatments proven to be effective with early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify potential disparities in access to nonoperative treatment for AIS. Specifically, we sought to determine the interaction of socioeconomic factors on a major curve magnitude and recommend treatment at the initial presentation.

Methods:
A retrospective review of AIS patients who underwent surgery at a single tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 was conducted. Patients were divided into 2 groups for comparison: patients with public insurance (PUB) and those with private insurance (PRV). Primary variables analyzed were patient race, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), major curve magnitude, and treatment recommendation at the initial presentation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of the major curve magnitude at presentation.

Results:
A total of 341 patients met the inclusion criteria; PUB and PRV groups consisted of 182 (53.4%) and 159 (46.6%) children, respectively. Overall, the major curve magnitude at presentation was significantly higher in PUB compared with PRV patients (50.0° vs. 45.1°; P=0.004) and higher in Black patients compared to White patients (51.8 vs. 47.0, P=0.042). Surgery was recommended for 49.7% of the PUB group and 43.7% of the PRV group. A lesser number of PUB patients had curve magnitudes within the range of brace indications (≤40°) compared to PRV patients (22.5% vs. 35.2%, respectively; P=0.010). The odds of having an initial major curve magnitude <40 degrees were 67% lower among Black patients with public insurance compared to Black patients with private insurance (OR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.13–0.83; P=0.019).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated disparity in access to nonoperative treatment for pediatric scoliosis. Black patients with public insurance were the most at-risk to present with curve magnitudes exceeding brace indications. Future work focused on understanding the reasons for this significant disparity may help to promote more equitable access to effective nonoperative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Epigenome-wide DNA methylation study of whole blood in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cai Zhengyi , Jia Xinmiao , Liu Mingsheng , Yang Xunzhe , Cui Liying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Epigenetics, and especially DNA methylation, contributes to the pathogenesis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). This study aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in SALS using whole blood of SALS patients.

Methods:
In total, 32 SALS patients and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. DNA was isolated from whole blood collected from the participants. DNA methylation profiles were generated using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.

Results:
We identified 34 significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in whole blood from SALS patients, compared with the healthy controls. Of these DMPs, five were hypermethylated and 29 were hypomethylated; they corresponded to 13 genes. For the DMPs, ATAD3B and BLK were hypermethylated, whereas DDO, IQCE, ABCB1, DNAH9, FIGN, NRP1, TMEM87B, CCSAP, ST6GALNAC5, MYOM2, and RUSC1-AS1 were hypomethylated. We also identified 12 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), related to 12 genes (NWD1, LDHD, CIS, IQCE, TNF, PDE1C, LGALS1, CSNK1E, LRRC23, ENO2, ELOVL2, and ELOVL2-AS1). According to data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, DNAH9 and TNF are involved in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathway. Correlation analysis between clinical features and DNA methylation profiling indicated that the methylation level of ELOVL2 and ARID1B was positively associated with the age of onset (r = 0.86, adjust P
= 0.001) and disease duration (r = 0.83, adjust P
= 0.01), respectively.

Conclusions:
We found aberrant methylation in DMP- and DMR-related genes, implying that many epigenetic alterations, such as the hypomethylation of DNAH9 and TNF, play important roles in ALS etiology. These findings can be helpful for developing new therapeutic interventions.
Atorvastatin Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the Autophagy–Lysosome Pathway and Its Upstream Regulatory Factor Transcription Factor EB
Authors: Jiang Shiliang , Chou Wan-Ching , Tao Linqing , Qiu Zhaoyang , Gao Ge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Doxorubicin is a widely used anticancer drug in clinical practice, and its myocardial toxicity is the main concern in oncotherapy. Statins are commonly used as hypolipidemic drugs. Recent studies have also focused on the effects of statins on autophagy. Autophagy is a process in which cells consume their own cytoplasm or organelles after stimulation and finally degrade the phagosome in the lysosome. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is the main factor regulating lysosomal gene transcription and function. We found that atorvastatin (ATO) increased TFEB protein levels and the ratio of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2/LC3B in the myocardial tissue of mice with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Therefore, we speculated that ATO may improve cardiac function in mice with DIC by increasing the expression of TFEB to enhance lysosomal function and autophagy. This study explored the role of TFEB in DIC and the possible mechanism of ATO in improving DIC and used statins to prevent and treat DIC; various dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure diseases provide more experimental evidence. All relevant data are within the article and its supporting information files.
Advances in Nanoformulated Polyphenols for Protection Against Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sharma Prasanti , Sharma Neelima 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
In the past decade, a plethora of research has revealed numerous biological effects of polyphenols, most significantly anticancer and antimicrobial. These versatile, naturally occurring compounds have attracted growing interest among researchers owing to their crucial role in modifying disease progression associated with almost all the body's vital systems, including cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal systems. However, poor water solubility and rapid metabolism result in low bioavailability, which is a critical limitation to their clinical use. Nanotechnology is one promising approach that has served to maximize the therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Incorporation of sensitive polyphenolic compounds into nanocarriers protects them from physiological degradation, facilitates prolonged release, improves bioavailability, and allows targeted drug delivery. There is emerging evidence that nanomedicine could provide a solution to the poor pharmacokinetics of polyphenols and enhance their treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the various nanoparticle-based delivery systems that have been developed for the entrapment of these hydrophobic molecules and circumvent the pitfalls of poor systemic availability with an emphasis on their application in cardiovascular disorders. It elucidates recent developments in nanotechnology that could not only be imperative to cardiovascular disease alleviation but also in resolving issues of safety and specificity associated with these molecules. It also highlights the improved physicochemical properties and possible molecular mechanisms of some major polyphenols administered as nanoformulations and describes the results of in vitro and in vivo studies performed in animal models of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
HUMAN CELLULAR MODELS FOR RETINAL DISEASE
Authors: Mustafi Debarshi , Bharathan Sumitha P. , Calderon Rosanna , Nagiel Aaron 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To provide a concise review of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and retinal organoids as models for human retinal diseases and their role in gene discovery and treatment of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs).

Methods:
A PubMed literature review was performed for models of human retinal disease, including animal models and human pluripotent stem cell–derived models.

Results:
There is a growing body of research on retinal disease using human pluripotent stem cells. This is a significant change from just a decade ago when most research was performed on animal models. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells has permitted not only the generation of two-dimensional human cell cultures such as RPE but also more recently the generation of three-dimensional retinal organoids that better reflect the multicellular laminar architecture of the human retina.

Conclusion:
Modern stem cell techniques are improving our ability to model human retinal disease in vitro, especially with the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. In the future, a personalized approach may be used in which the individual's unique genotype can be modeled in two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional organoids and then rescued with an optimized therapy before treating the patient.
Recent advances in the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Distler Oliver , Crestani Bruno , Antoniou Katerina M. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD) is a frequent organ manifestation leading to high morbidity and mortality. In 2020, the European management recommendations for SSc-ILD were published. Despite being comprehensive, several questions could not be answered or no consensus was reached.

Recent findings
We highlight recent advances in the screening and early diagnosis, including surveys emphasizing that still 30–40% of all experts do not order baseline HRCTs in their SSc patients. We discuss recent advances in the assessment of disease progression, risk prediction and monitoring of SSc-ILD including novel insights in the disease course of SSc-ILD, clinical predictive factors for disease progression, the role of increasing extent of ILD on serial HRCT and radiomics, PET/CT and home spirometry as sensitive future tools to monitor SSc-ILD patients. We describe recent advances in the treatment of SSc-ILD, including novel data and trials as well as post hoc analyses of clinical trials on mycophenolate, cyclophosmphamide, tocilizumab, rituximab, riociguat and nintedanib. Lastly, we elucidate on peripheral blood cell gene expression profiling as a novel way to identify patients with a better treatment response to mycophenolate.

Summary
In this review, we highlight recent advances in the management of SSc-ILD.
The role of prophylactic prostatectomy as a primary prevention strategy in high-risk germline mutation carriers
Authors: Tiwari Raj , Clark Roderick , Fleshner Neil 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Men with high-risk germline mutations are at significantly higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer. Current screening and treatment paradigms may lead to missed opportunities for cure. Herein we review the current literature on prevention, screening and treatment of these carriers and explore the potential role of prophylactic prostatectomy in primary prevention of prostate cancer mortality.

Recent findings
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening has demonstrated marginal benefits in prostate cancer (PCa) survival and uncertainty remains on its true benefit among high-risk carriers. Recent results indicate that PCa in BRCA 2 carriers occurs at a higher incidence, younger age and progresses more rapidly compared with noncarriers. An intensified screening protocol of MRI and PSA in young carriers demonstrated how using PSA values alone may be insufficient. Current evidence indicates that high-risk carriers have worse survival outcomes after undergoing radical treatment for screening detected disease when compared with noncarriers.

Summary
Prophylactic prostatectomy within the context of a clinical trial is a reasonable primary prevention option for discussion with high-risk carriers, especially BRCA2 carriers during the shared decision-making process. Limitations exist in the current strategies of early PSA screening followed by radical treatment in this group.
The past, present, and future of pT0 in bladder cancer clinical trials
Authors: Schober Jared P. , Plimack Elizabeth , Geynisman Daniel M. , Zibelman Matthew 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Since the establishment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer, the pathologic absence of disease, denoted pT0, was found to be predictive of improved overall survival. Accordingly, it has been used in clinical trials as an optimal surrogate outcome measure, even in contemporary nonchemotherapeutic interventions. We review the role of pT0 as a catalyst for change in trial design and its suitability to facilitate more efficient and timely results. In addition, we explore the present and future of cT0, the clinical absence of disease, in defining treatment response and enabling bladder-sparing management options.

Recent findings
The use of pT0 as a surrogate has provided initial results for the efficacy of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant space. In combination with molecular markers, pT0 has improved our ability to identify treatment responders and its clinical counterpart, cT0, has been integrated into multiple trials to redefine postneoadjuvant chemotherapy management algorithms.

Summary
The use of pT0 as a surrogate endpoint in bladder cancer trials has improved clinical trial design, defined efficacy of emerging therapeutics, and has the potential to redefine the postneoadjuvant treatment management for patients seeking bladder-sparing options.
The State of Palliative Care Education in United States Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Programs: Heterogeneity and Opportunity for Growth
Authors: Tolchin Dorothy W. , Brooks Forrest A. , Knowlton Tiffany 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians routinely care for patients with serious illness and injury who could benefit from an integrated palliative care approach due to the propensity for high or complex symptom burden. Despite this, it has been unknown whether and how PM&R residency programs are equipping residents with a foundational palliative care skillset. We report national survey results characterizing the current status of palliative care education within United States PM&R residency programs. Programs vary widely in the type and amount of palliative care education provided, with nearly a third of responding programs reporting no palliative care education at all. These findings suggest the need for nationally unifying palliative care education standards for PM&R residency programs to ensure that all PM&R residents have the opportunity to develop a robust palliative lens that can be applied across rehabilitation practice settings. An articulated set of standards could both facilitate achievement of palliative care-specific objectives and support achievement of foundational PM&R residency program objectives.
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Requests Increases the Use of Single-Lumen Catheters: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Chasseigne Virginie , Buisson Marlène , Serrand Chris , Leguelinel-Blache Géraldine , Kinowski Jean-Marie , Goupil Jean , Beregi Jean-Paul , Frandon Julien 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Several studies have suggested a strong relationship between the number of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lumens and the risk of complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the intervention of a clinical pharmacist (CP) on the number of lumens of PICC inserted and assess PICC-related complications.

Method
This prospective monocentric study included all consecutive patients from 5 different units who underwent PICC insertions from September 2017 to March 2018. In the intervention group, the CP validated the pertinence of each PICC request according to the patients’ records, choice of device (single or double lumen), and incompatibilities between treatments. The control group consisted of patients who underwent PICC insertions without a CP intervention. Complications were prospectively recorded up to PICC removal. Multivariate analyses adjusted for sex, age, and PICC line duration were performed.

Results
In the intervention group, 207 PICCs were inserted, 81.2% (n = 168) were single-lumen devices and 18.8% (n = 39) were double-lumen devices. In the control group (n = 77), the use of single-lumen PICCs was significantly lower (n = 48, 62.3%; P = 0.002). After intervention, the overall complication incidence rate decreased from 4.42 to 3.23 per 1000 catheter days (P = 0.082). Considering the overall population, 216 single-lumen PICCs were inserted with significantly fewer complications than double-lumens (respectively n = 16, 16/216 = 7.4%, versus n = 15, 15/68 = 22.1%, P = 0.002). The adjusted odds ratio of double-lumen PICC was 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.46–10.07; P = 0.007).

Conclusions
Our study showed the intervention of a CP in the PICC insertion process could increase the use of single-lumen PICCs and tended to reduce associated complications.
The use of mentoring for knowledge translation by allied health: a scoping review
Authors: Howlett Owen , O’Brien Chris , Gardner Marcus , Neilson Cheryl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To describe how allied health professionals have used mentoring as a knowledge translation strategy to inform practice.

Introduction:
Mentoring has been reported to be used by nursing and medicine as a knowledge translation strategy. It is not known if allied health professionals have also used mentoring to improve their use of research in practice, or what the key mentoring characteristics are that guide its application in allied health settings. Improved understanding of the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in allied health settings may be used to guide the design of future mentoring programs to assist knowledge translation.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies must have included allied health professionals, and used the concept of mentoring to support knowledge translation in the context of healthcare. Primary empirical and synthesized studies were eligible.

Methods:
An a-priori protocol was followed to complete a search of six databases (MEDLINE [OVID], EMBASE [OVID], CINAHL [EBSCO], PsycInfo [OVID], PDQ-Evidence (www.pdq-evidence.org), and Cochrane on the 9 March 2021. Screening for eligibility was conducted by two authors at the title and abstract stage and the full text stage. Selection criteria and the data extraction tool were established prior to the search. Findings are presented in narrative and tabular formats.

Results:
A total of 2053 studies met the inclusion criteria for screening and nine were determined to be eligible for inclusion. Mentoring has been used by allied health professionals to improve the translation of interventional research evidence by clinicians, and to establish clinician skills and knowledge relating to knowledge translation processes. Mentoring was predominantly used as part of a multifaceted knowledge translation strategy alongside educational strategies. Mentoring characteristics such as structure, context, goals, resourcing and dosage varied depending on the context of translation. The specific barriers reported to using mentoring were varied, whereas the facilitators to mentoring were primarily related to the mentor's approach and expertise. The impact of mentoring was primarily measured through the mentee's experience of mentoring.

Conclusions:
Allied health professionals have used mentoring as a knowledge translation strategy to enhance the use of research evidence in their practice and to learn the process of knowledge translation. Mentoring is mostly used in conjunction with other strategies in practice, such as education. The limited number of identified barriers and facilitators to using mentoring as a knowledge translation strategy supports the need for future research to deepen our understanding about the mentoring process.