bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of spherically convergent plasma fusion as a high-flux neutron source with a long-pulsed laser driving
Authors: Yan Ji , Ren Guo Li , Chen Zhong Jing , Zhang Xing , Yang Chen , Li Li Ling , Zheng Jian Hua , Cao Hui , Sun Chuan Kui , Jiang Wei , Tang Qi , Song Zi Feng , Yu Bo , Pu Yu Dong , Dong Yun Song , Huang Tian Xuan , Liu Jie , Jiang Shao’en , He Xian Tu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The spherically convergent plasma fusion (SCPF) scheme is a robust approach to provide a high-brightness pulsed neutron source. The performance of the SCPF driven by the long-pulsed laser is investigated. The experiments, with the laser pulse duration in a range of 0.5 ns to 3 ns, were implemented on the ShenGuang-II Upgrade facility and a 100 kJ level laser facility. The intensity of the laser beam was about multiple 1014 W cm−2. The measured D–D reaction neutron yields were in a range of 7.3 × 108 to 1.01 × 1011, while the driven laser energies were in a range of 2.1 kJ to 100.5 kJ. The temporal self-emitted x-ray flux and image were measured. It showed that the plasma core could be maintained for a longer time in the long duration shots. The neutron reaction rate was measured on the 100 kJ level laser facility. The full width at half maximum reached about 1 ns in the shot with 2 ns duration laser. The scaling law of the measured yields with respect to the laser power and the pulse duration were presented. The neutron yield was able to be increased by increasing the power and extending the duration.
Design and field measurement of dipole magnets for a 300-MeV proton and heavy ion synchrotron in SESRI
Authors: Lyu M.B. , Zhao L.X. , Ma L.Z. , Yang J. , Zhang J.J. , Wu W. , Zhang X. , You W. , Yao Q.G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure
(SESRI) is a new national research infrastructure under construction
at Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) in China. Its 300-MeV proton
and heavy ion accelerator is a major radiation source, and a compact
synchrotron has been designed with a circumference of less than 44
m. The synchrotron dipoles are essential components of the
accelerator, and they have been designed and tested carefully to
meet the stringent physical requirements. The measured transverse
field homogeneity is less than 2 × 10-4 from 0.2 T to
1.4 T and roughly agrees with the simulated results. With a
modified linear programming algorithm, the integral magnetic field
uniformity within 0.2–1.1 T is optimised from 6 × 10-4
to 1.5 × 10-4, and the corresponding multi-pole
field-component errors are greatly reduced. By shortening the pole
ends, the reproducibility of integral field among six magnets at
0.2 T is less than 3 × 10-4. In addition, the transient
effect of the magnetic field is also evaluated and tested. Through
analysis of the transient effect and structural strength, low-carbon
steel and stainless steel are selected for the side plates and end
plates, respectively. According to the transient measurement
results, the feedforward compensation can be implemented to produce
a more accurate current waveform. On 1 January 2022, the beam was
successfully accumulated with the preset current waveform, and the
beam intensity met the design requirements.
High-precision digital Faraday cups for FEEP thrusters
Authors: Mühlich Nina Sarah , Seifert Bernhard , Ceribas Emre , Gerger Joachim , Aumayr Friedrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The number of scientific missions that require an extremely precise alignment of spacecraft achieved by electric thrusters has increased significantly in recent years. This requires a highly accurate knowledge of the thrust vector misalignment and the thrust intensity variation over time. In order to be able to resolve this high accuracy of the thruster beam, a high-precision plasma diagnostics system is required. For example, for upcoming missions like NGGM, it is required to get a spatial resolution of the ion beam current measurements <0.5° in polar and azimuthal direction. FOTEC's plasma diagnostics system based on Faraday cup analysis was optimised in order to be able to analyse the thrust vector misalignment with high spatial resolution. On the one hand, the geometry was adapted to keep the reduction of the signal due to secondary electron emission at a minimum. On the other hand, the entire measuring electronics were built into the head of each Faraday cup. This completely eliminates signal interference due to the cable length and movement of the diagnostics arm. Measurements of the digital Faraday cup diagnostics system will be presented, which were carried out at an IFM Nano Thruster. In particular, the signal-to-noise ratio could be significantly improved.
Scientist-stakeholder relationships drive carbon data product transfer effectiveness within NASA program
Authors: Brown Molly E , Escobar Vanessa M , Younis Fatima M , Sepúlveda Carlo Edil , McGroddy Megan , Arias Sabrina Delgado , Griffith Peter , Hurtt George 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon cycle science is at the heart of research on global climate change and its long-term impacts, as it examines the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and the impact of fossil fuel emissions on this cycling. Given the urgency of the climate challenge, NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) requires all funded investigators to identify and work with stakeholder organizations at project inception to accelerate the transfer of the products developed by funded research into decision making systems. In this study, we contribute to the literature through the implementation of a quantitative analysis of 908 unique survey responses from funded investigators to explore the maturity of the scientist-stakeholder engagement. The paper employs multiple correspondence analysis to provide evidence to support policy options to increase stakeholder integration into research programs. Despite limitations of the dataset used, we demonstrated that multiple funding rounds, long-standing relationships between the stakeholder and scientist, and the scientific productivity of the Principal Investigator, including the ability to produce datasets and research papers on these datasets, all contribute to carbon products moving from research to operational use. The maturity of relationships between scientists and stakeholders was shown to result improved stakeholder engagement. The use of carbon products should be identified in every stage of the program, and that capacity building is needed to support both existing and newly identified stakeholders better understand and use CMS products. As federal, state, and local policy on climate adaptation and mitigation matures, the need for information on carbon will expand. Building of stakeholder-scientist relationships in CMS results in an effective generation and use of datasets to support this need and prototype ways that improved information needed for decision making can be created.
Deep learning based correction of low performing pixel in computed tomography
Authors: Patil Bhushan D , Singhal Vanika , Agrawal Utkarsh , Langoju Rajesh , Hsieh Jiang , Lakshminarasimhan Shobana , Das Bipul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Low Performing Pixel (LPP)/bad pixel in CT detectors cause ring and streaks artifacts, structured non-uniformities and deterioration of the image quality. These artifacts make the image unusable for diagnostic purposes. A missing/defective detector pixel translates to a channel missing across all views in sinogram domain and its effect gets spill over entire image in reconstruction domain as artifacts. Most of the existing ring and streak removal algorithms perform correction only in the reconstructed image domain. In this work, we propose a supervised deep learning algorithm that operates in sinogram domain to remove distortions cause by the LPP. This method leverages CT scan geometry, including conjugate ray information to learn the interpolation in sinogram domain. While the experiments are designed to cover the entire detector space, we emphasize on LPPs near detector iso-center as these have most adverse impact on image quality specially if the LPPs fall on the high frequency region (bone-tissue interface). We demonstrated efficacy of the proposed method using data acquired on GE RevACT multi-slice CT system with flat-panel detector. Experimental results on head scans show significant reduction in ring artifacts regardless of LPP location in the detector geometry. We have simulated isolated LPPs accounting for 5% and 10% of total channels. Detailed statistical analysis illustrates approximately 5dB improvement in SNR in both sinogram and reconstruction domain as compared to classical bicubic and Lagrange interpolation methods. Also, with reduction in ring and streak artifacts, the perceptual image quality is improved across all the test images.
Differentiable quantum architecture search
Authors: Zhang Shi-Xin , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Zhang Shengyu , Yao Hong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Quantum architecture search (QAS) is the process of automating architecture engineering of quantum circuits. It has been desired to construct a powerful and general QAS platform which can significantly accelerate current efforts to identify quantum advantages of error-prone and depth-limited quantum circuits in the NISQ era. Hereby, we propose a general framework of differentiable quantum architecture search (DQAS), which enables automated designs of quantum circuits in an end-to-end differentiable fashion. We present several examples of circuit design problems to demonstrate the power of DQAS. For instance, unitary operations are decomposed into quantum gates, noisy circuits are re-designed to improve accuracy, and circuit layouts for quantum approximation optimization algorithm are automatically discovered and upgraded for combinatorial optimization problems. These results not only manifest the vast potential of DQAS being an essential tool for the NISQ application developments, but also present an interesting research topic from the theoretical perspective as it draws inspirations from the newly emerging interdisciplinary paradigms of differentiable programming, probabilistic programming, and quantum programming.
Comparison of SVR models for predicting the compaction properties of lateritic soils as novel hybrid methods
Authors: Zhu Pengyu , Zhu Ye , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil compaction and related parameters play a pivotal role in the material selection process for earth constructions. Because of time limitations and attention to completion resources, the need to develop models for predicting compaction properties is felt more than ever (i.e., maximum dry unit weight (

γ

dmax

) and optimum moisture content (

ω

opt

)) using easily measured index properties. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of conventional SVR, ensembled (additive regression (AD-SVR)), and hybrid SVR (imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA-SVR)) models for predicting the maximum dry unit weight (

γ

dmax

) and optimum water content (

ω

opt

) related to proctor compaction test of lateritic soils, where the used dataset was collected from published literature from specific sites. Results depict that all developed models have acceptable efficiency in predicting the

γ

dmax

with

R

2

larger than 0.844 and 0.719, and the

ω

opt

with

R

2

larger than 0.732 and 0.714 for the training and testing data, respectively, representing the acceptable correlation between observed and predicted values. The results of all SVR models were better than the literature, in which the hybrid ICA-SVR model outperformed other models by considering performance criteria. Overall, the hybrid ICA-SVR algorithm could get the most suitable results than others for estimating both

γ

dmax

and

ω

opt

.

The ICA-SVR model outperforms other approaches and demonstrates the optimization algorithm’s capacity throughout the optimization process.
Condition monitoring of train wheels using a cost-effective smart rail pad
Authors: van Schalkwyk Marco Heinrich , Gräbe Petrus Johannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This present paper focuses on the condition monitoring of train wheels utilizing an 3D printed rail pad that is embedded with widely available accelerometers and a strain gauge. This smart rail pad was used on a heavy haul railway line to monitor train wheels by identifying any wheel defects and measuring the respective wheel loads. A series of laboratory material tests were conducted on various 3D printing materials to identify the most suitable material for the smart rail pad. Dynamic and static loading tests were carried out to determine whether the 3D printed rail pads could withstand the typical forces exerted by a passing train. Field tests were done to determine the performance of the smart rail pads in operational conditions. Results indicated that the smart rail pads were able to identify 60% of the wheel flats and were able to measure the wheel loads with an average percent error of 6% by comparing it to the control measurements. In summary, the smart rail pads presented a good correlation between the measured wheel loads and the true values, while the identification of wheel flats was influenced by the low sampling rate of the system.
Heteroclinic units acting as pacemakers: entrained dynamics for cognitive processes
Authors: Thakur Bhumika , Meyer-Ortmanns Hildegard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heteroclinic dynamics is a suitable framework for describing transient and reproducible dynamics such as cognitive processes in the brain. We demonstrate how heteroclinic units can act as pacemakers to entrain larger sets of units from a resting state to hierarchical heteroclinic motion that is able to describe fast oscillations modulated by slow oscillations. Such features are observed in brain dynamics. The entrainment range depends on the type of coupling, the spatial location of the pacemaker and the individual bifurcation parameters of the pacemaker and the driven units. Noise as well as a small back-coupling to the pacemaker facilitate synchronization. Units can be synchronously entrained to different temporal patterns encoding transiently excited neural populations, depending on the selected path in the heteroclinic network. Via entrainment, these temporal patterns, locally generated by the pacemakers, can be communicated to the resting units in target waves over a spatial grid. For getting entrained there is no need of fine-tuning the parameters of the resting units. Thus, entrainment provides one way of processing information over the grid, when information is encoded in the generated spatiotemporal patterns.
Preschool Executive Control, Temperament, and Adolescent Dietary Behaviors
Authors: Kidwell Katherine M , James Tiffany D , Brock Rebecca L , Lazarus Yaroch Amy , Hill Jennie L , Mize Nelson Jennifer , Alex Mason W , Andrews Espy Kimberly , Nelson Timothy D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundChild temperament styles characterized by increased emotionality or pleasure seeking may increase risk for less healthful eating patterns, while strong executive control (EC) may be protective. The interaction of these characteristics with longitudinal outcomes has not yet been examined.PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the association of preschool temperament and EC, as well as their interaction with adolescent eating.MethodsPreschoolers (N = 313) were recruited into a longitudinal study, with behavioral measurement of EC at age 5.25 years, temperament assessed multiple times across preschool, and eating outcomes assessed in adolescence (mean age = 15.34 years).ResultsSeparate latent moderated structural equation models demonstrated that weaker EC was associated with eating less healthful foods, including high sugar foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and convenience foods (p &lt; .05). In the moderation models, negative affectivity temperament was correlated with eating less healthful foods, high sugar foods, and SSBs (p &lt; .05). Children lower in surgency/extraversion temperament were more likely to drink SSBs. There was an interaction between temperament and EC, such that children high in negative affectivity with weaker EC were particularly more likely to consume less healthful foods, high sugar foods, and SSBs (p &lt; .05). There was no interaction of surgency with EC and food consumption.ConclusionsChild characteristics measured early in development were associated with later adolescent eating behaviors. Adequate EC could be necessary to counteract the drive toward eating associated with temperaments high in negative affectivity.
Age and ageing cardiovascular collection: blood pressure, coronary heart disease and heart failure
Authors: Masoli Jane A H , Mensah Ekow , Rajkumar Chakravarthi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As people age they are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Understanding cardiovascular ageing is essential to preserving healthy ageing and preventing serious health outcomes. This collection of papers published in Age and Ageing since 2011 cover key themes in cardiovascular ageing, with a separate collection on stroke and atrial fibrillation planned.
Treating high blood pressure remains important as people age and reduces strokes and heart attacks. That said, a more personalised approach to blood pressure may be even more important as people age to lower blood pressure to tight targets where appropriate but avoid overtreatment in vulnerable groups. As people age, more people experience blood pressure drops on standing (orthostatic hypotension), particularly as they become frail. This can predispose them to falls. The papers in this collection provide an insight into blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension. They highlight areas for further research to understand blood pressure changes and management in the ageing population.
Inpatient clinical care of older people with heart attacks differs from younger people in UK national audit data. People aged over 80 had improved outcomes in survival after heart attack over time, but had lower rates of specialist input from cardiology compared with younger people. This may partly reflect different clinical presentations, with heart attacks occurring in the context of other health conditions, frailty and multimorbidity. The care and outcomes of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease are impacted by the frailty and health status of an individual at baseline.
The research included in this collection reinforces the wide variations in the ageing population and the necessity to focus on the individual needs and priorities, and provide a person-centred multidisciplinary approach to care.
Abnormal CD13/HLA-DR Expression Pattern on Myeloblasts Predicts Development of Myeloid Neoplasia in Patients With Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Jevremovic Dragan , Nanaa Ahmad , Geyer Susan M , Timm Michael , Azouz Haya , Hengel Cynthia , Reberg Alexander , He Rong , Viswanatha David , Salama Mohamad E , Shi Min , Olteanu Horatiu , Horna Pedro , Otteson Gregory , Greipp Patricia T , Xie Zhuoer , Alkhateeb Hassan B , Hogan William , Litzow Mark , Patnaik Mrinal M , Shah Mithun , Al-Kali Aref , Nguyen Phuong L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) are at increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasia (MN). We evaluated whether a simple flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCIP) assay could differentiate the risk of development of MN in patients with CCUS.

Methods
Bone marrow aspirates were assessed by FCIP panel in a cohort of 80 patients identified as having CCUS based on next-generation sequencing or cytogenetics from March 2015 to May 2020, with available samples. Flow cytometric assay included CD13/HLA-DR expression pattern on CD34-positive myeloblasts; CD13/CD16 pattern on maturing granulocytic precursors; and aberrant expression of CD2, CD7, or CD56 on CD34-positive myeloblasts. Relevant demographic, comorbidity, and clinical and laboratory data, including the type and extent of genetic abnormalities, were extracted from the electronic health record.

Results
In total, 17 (21%) patients with CCUS developed MN over the follow-up period (median survival follow-up, 28 months [95% confidence interval, 19-31]). Flow cytometry immunophenotyping abnormalities, including the aberrant pattern of CD13/HLA-DR expression, as detected at the time of the diagnosis of CCUS, were significantly associated with risk of developing MN (hazard ratio, 2.97; P = .006). Additional FCIP parameters associated with the development of MN included abnormal expression of CD7 on myeloblasts and the presence vs absence of any FCIP abnormality.

Conclusions
A simple FCIP approach that includes assessment of CD13/HLA-DR pattern on CD34-positive myeloblasts can be useful in identifying patients with CCUS at higher risk of developing MN.
How and What are Indians Drinking? Findings from the National Family Health Survey
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Singh Prashant Kumar , Sarkar Siddharth , Chattopadhyay Ankita , Singh Shalini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
To assess recent changes in the extent and pattern of alcohol use in India using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data.

Methods
We used unit-level data from both rounds of NFHS. The pattern of alcohol use was categorized as: ‘almost every day’, ‘almost once a week’ and ‘less than once a week’. The information was segregated for the urban and rural settings. Information was also available on the type of alcoholic beverage used by the respondents. The z test for differences in proportions was carried out for the study variables.

Results
Findings suggest a 22.37 and 39.02% reduction in the proportion of men and women who reported alcohol use, respectively. The proportion of men reporting ‘almost every day’ and ‘about once a week’ consumption of alcohol increased by 24.19 and 7.14%, respectively.

Conclusions
With the caveats of expected limitations of surveys, the findings suggest an overall decrease in alcohol use in India, though the proportion of men with more frequent alcohol has increased. There is a need to strengthen the investment in the initiatives targeted at the harms due to alcohol use.
Female fruit flies copy the acceptance, but not the rejection, of a mate
Authors: Nöbel Sabine , Monier Magdalena , Fargeot Laura , Lespagnol Guillaume , Danchin Etienne , Isabel Guillaume 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcceptance and avoidance can be socially transmitted, especially in the case of mate choice. When a Drosophila melanogaster female observes a conspecific female (called demonstrator female) choosing to mate with one of two males, the former female (called observer female) can memorize and copy the latter female’s choice. Traditionally in mate-copying experiments, demonstrations provide two types of information to observer females, namely, the acceptance (positive) of one male and the rejection of the other male (negative). To disentangle the respective roles of positive and negative information in Drosophila mate copying, we performed experiments in which demonstrations provided only one type of information at a time. We found that positive information alone is sufficient to trigger mate copying. Observer females preferred males of phenotype A after watching a female mating with a male of phenotype A in the absence of any other male. Contrastingly, negative information alone (provided by a demonstrator female actively rejecting a male of phenotype B) did not affect future observer females’ mate choice. These results suggest that the informative part of demonstrations in Drosophila mate-copying experiments lies mainly, if not exclusively, in the positive information provided by the copulation with a given male. We discuss the reasons for such a result and suggest that Drosophila females learn to prefer the successful males, implying that the underlying learning mechanisms may be shared with those of appetitive memory in non-social associative learning.