bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lidocaine 2% Versus Bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 Versus 2 Dual Separate Injections on Onset and Duration of Ultrasound-Guided Wrist Blocks: A Blinded 2 × 2 Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Van Boxstael Sam , Lopez Ana M. , Balocco Angela Lucia , Vandepitte Catherine , Meex Ingrid , Duerinckx Joris , Kuroda Maxine M. , Mesotten Dieter , Van Herreweghe Imre , Hadzic Admir 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Local anesthetics are often selected or mixed to accomplish faster onset of anesthesia. However, with ultrasound guidance, local anesthetics are delivered with greater precision, which may shorten the onset time with all classes of local anesthetics. In this study, we compared onset time and duration of ultrasound-guided wrist blocks with a fast onset versus a longer lasting local anesthetic administered via single or dual (spatially separate) injections at the level of the midforearm.

METHODS:
In this randomized clinical trial, 36 subjects scheduled for carpal tunnel release were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided median and ulnar nerve blocks with lidocaine 2% or bupivacaine 0.5% via single or dual injections (n = 9 in each group). Subjects fulfilled the study requirements. The main outcome variables were onset and duration of sensory blockade, which were tested separately in 2 (drug) × 2 (injection) analysis of variances (ANOVAs) with interaction terms.

RESULTS:
Sensory block onset time did not differ significantly between subjects given lidocaine 2% (9.2 ± 3.4 minutes) or bupivacaine 0.5% (9.5 ± 3.1 minutes) (P = .76; mean difference, −0.3 ± 1.1 minutes [95% confidence interval {CI}, −2.5 to 1.9]) or between the single- (9.6 ± 2.8 minutes) and dual- (9.1 ± 3.6 minutes) injection groups (P = .69; mean difference, −0.4 ± 1.1 minutes [95% CI, −1.8 to 2.6]). Sensory duration was longer for subjects in the bupivacaine 0.5% group (27.3 ± 11.6 hours) than for subjects in the lidocaine 2% group (8.4 ± 4.1 hours) (P < .001; 95% CI, 12.7–25.1). However, sensory duration in the single- (15.7 ± 12.5 hours) and dual- (19.4 ± 13.1 hours) injection groups did not differ significantly (P = .28; mean difference, −3.7 ± 4.3 hours [95% CI, −12.6 to 5.1]).

CONCLUSIONS:
No significant effect was found for onset time between lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5% used in ultrasound-guided wrist blocks. Dual injections did not shorten onset time. Since mean nerve block duration was longer with bupivacaine 0.5%, our results suggest that the selection of local anesthetic for the median and ulnar nerves at the level of the midforearm should be based on the desired duration of the block and not on its speed of onset.
What Would It Take to Desegregate U.S. Metropolitan Areas? Pathways to Residential Desegregation by Race
Authors: Kucheva Yana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Patterns of household mobility across neighborhoods reproduce patterns of racial segregation at the metropolitan level. Substantial literature across the social sciences has explored the scale and predictors of household mobility as well as changes in metropolitan residential segregation over time. This study unifies these two strands of inquiry by connecting the sorting of households across neighborhoods to aggregate changes in segregation levels. Using discrete choice models of intrametropolitan mobility and restricted decennial census and American Community Survey data for 1960–2014, I model the correlates of household mobility and identify the counterfactual scenarios under which lower segregation levels can be achieved. The results show that even though the mobility flows of the White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations across census tracts have become more similar over time, U.S. metropolitan areas are far from experiencing large drops in segregation.
Microinjection-based CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in the decapoda crustaceans Neocaridina heteropoda and Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Li Ran , Meng Qinghao , Qi Jiachen , Hu Lezhen , Huang Jinwei , Zhang Yichen , Yang Jiale , Sun Jinsheng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been applied to many arthropods. However, application of this technology to crustaceans remains limited because of the unique characteristics of embryos. Our group has developed a microinjection system to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 system into Neocaridina heteropoda embryos (one-cell stage). Using the developed method, we mutated the target gene Nh-scarlet (N. heteropoda scarlet), which functions in eye development and pigmentation. The results showed that both eye color and shape were altered in individuals in which Nh-scarlet was knocked out. Furthermore, this system was also successfully applied to another decapod crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis. DNA sequencing revealed that the zoeae with red eyes had an edited version of Es-scarlet. This study provides a stable microinjection method for freshwater crustaceans, and will contribute to functional genomics studies in various decapods.
Optical Properties of Epsilon Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Millimeter- and Terahertz-Wave Regions
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Nakabayashi Koji , Nagashima Shuntaro , Song Qinyu , Yoshikiyo Marie , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epsilon iron oxide (ε-Fe2O3) is attracting global attention as a magnetic material with a large magnetic anisotropy. In this article, the optical properties of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the metal-substituted series of ε-MxFe2−xO3 (M = Ga, In, and Al) are studied over a wide frequency range from the millimeter-wave to terahertz-wave region, 30 GHz–30 THz, using terahertz time-domain, far-infrared, and Raman spectroscopies. To understand the spectroscopic data, first-principles calculations of the electronic structure and phonon modes are performed. First, an ε-Fe2O3 bar magnet is introduced and its atomic movements are calculated by phonon mode calculations. Second, the phonon modes of Ga-substituted ε-Fe2O3 are calculated. Far-IR, mid-IR, and Raman spectroscopies confirm that the calculated and observed spectra show good agreement. Third, the influences of In-substitution on the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and millimeter-wave absorption are described. In high-frequency millimeter-wave absorption due to magnon, the resonance frequency decreased with In-substitution. Finally, the millimeter-wave absorption property of ε-AlxFe2−xO3 is described. An absorption peak due to the natural resonance occurs at 100 GHz. The rotation data of the transmitted millimeter wave are determined by millimeter-wave–polarization-plane measurements.
Patients and family members perspectives on the use of bedside whiteboards and its implication to treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction: A pilot survey in general and tertiary hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Nafea Ayman , Alshargi Omer , Algethami Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Background: Effective communication between the members of the healthcare team and the patient and families are essential components for patient-centered care. It improves patient outcomes. Likewise, poor communication between healthcare team members and the patient and families is associated with poor patient outcomes. Due to several communication challenges, the use of visual tools such as bedside whiteboards to enhance communication has been widely implemented; however, the exact benefit of its use from the patient perspective is still understudied. Thus, this study aims to determine the impact of bedside whiteboard use in facilitating patient’s involvement in achieving the day’s goal, adherence to pain medication schedule and use, tests, and procedures schedule, patients and family engagement with the healthcare team, and discharge planning. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 335 patients and/or family members admitted in six hospitals in Makkah city: Al Noor hospital, Hera hospital, King Abdul-Aziz hospital, King Abdullah Medical City, King Faisal specialist hospital, and Maternity and Children hospital. The survey questionnaire used was adapted from previous studies and revalidated to ensure its suitability to the study subjects. Data collection was performed from August 1 to 31, 2020, and data analysis was done with SPSS software. Results: Of the 335 participants, the majority were satisfied with bedside whiteboards for their use (4.36), and they recommended it to be used in hospitals because they perceived that through this medium of communication, their connection with the healthcare team would be easier (4.35). In regression analysis, the day’s goal and patient and/or family engagement are found to be significant predictors of patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Whiteboards are a valuable tool to help patients achieve their daily goals and improve their engagement with the healthcare team, impacting patient satisfaction.
Knowledge about kitchen hygiene and associated factors in caregivers in a peri-urban area of Lima
Authors: Lozada-Urbano Michelle , Miranda Doris , Huamán Franklin , Chirinos-Cáceres Jesus , Rivera-Lozada Oriana 
Published: February 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with caregivers’ knowledge of kitchen hygiene in San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We surveyed 250 mothers at comedores populares (a sort of community kitchens which are very popular in Lima) and who were part of mothers' clubs in the areas of Huascar V and San Pablo, in SJL in Lima. The sample was selected through non-probability convenience sampling. A questionnaire with three dimensions (cleanliness, storage and contamination of children) was administered. Results: On average, in Huascar and San Pablo, most caregivers were the children’s mothers (93.2%); most of the caregivers were between 21 and 30 years old (54%); they had secondary level of education (70.4%); they were living in free union with their partners (69.2%); they were mainly housewives (80.4%); their houses were constructed with materials different from brick and cement (68.4%); and their houses had a bare floor (70.0%). They did not have drinking water in the kitchen (88.4%); they did not use a gas stove (88.4%), a refrigerator (50.0%), a radio (82.0%), or a microwave (16.4%). A good level of knowledge of food hygiene was found in 63.2% of caregivers. No predictive capacity of the assessed sociodemographic characteristics on the level of knowledge of kitchen hygiene was identified. Conclusions: This study determined that the assessed sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with the level of knowledge about kitchen hygiene. It is necessary to improve mothers' knowledge about the handling and consumption of spoiled food and their effect on children's health.
LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF VALUES IN LITERARY TEXT AS A REFLECTION OF THE WRITER’S WORLD PICTURE
Authors: Vasileva Svetlana S. , Vorobieva Svetlana Yu. , Ovechkina Elena A. 
Published: February 2022

The article describes the originality of the writer’s picture of the world and the peculiarities of the representation of the value system in а literary text.
The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the system of value orientations presented in a work of art.
The subject of the study is the system of values and axiological guidelines of the writer, indirectly or directly represented in the text.
The object of the study is the axiological system of Nina Gorlanova, presented in the collection of stories Svetlaya proza.
Research material – stories from Svetlaya proza by Nina Gorlanova.
Research methods are determined by the research objectives and include general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a combination of linguistic (descriptive, statistical, semantic methods) and literary (problem-thematic method) methods; an axiological approach is used to analyze a literary text.
The novelty of the study is due to its interdisciplinary nature. In this work, an attempt is made to integrate the knowledge of linguistics, literary criticism and axiology.
Research results. This paper makes an attempt to demonstrate the axiological guidelines of the writer and their hierarchical structure, which made it possible to include value dominants in the interpretation of the writer’s artistic world. Practical implications.
The results of this work can be used in the study of disciplines such as text stylistics, poetics of a work of art, as well as in the analysis of fiction speech.
Building Load Control Using Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Programs with Right-Hand Side Uncertainty and the Risk-Adjustable Variants
Authors: Zhang Yiling , Dong Jin 
Published: February 2022

Aggregation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads can provide reserves to absorb volatile renewable energy, especially solar photo-voltaic (PV) generation. In this paper, we decide HVAC control schedules under uncertain PV generation, using a distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) building load control model under two typical ambiguity sets: the moment-based and Wasserstein ambiguity sets. We derive mixed integer linear programming (MILP) reformulations for DRCC problems under both sets. Especially, for the Wasserstein ambiguity set, we use the right-hand side (RHS) uncertainty to derive a more compact MILP reformulation than the commonly known MILP reformulations with big-M constants. All the results also apply to general individual chance constraints with RHS uncertainty. Furthermore, we propose an adjustable chance-constrained variant to achieve tradeoff between the operational risk and costs. We derive MILP reformulations under the Wasserstein ambiguity set and second-order conic programming (SOCP) reformulations under the moment-based set. Using real-world data, we conduct computational studies to demonstrate the efficiency of the solution approaches and the effectiveness of the solutions. Summary of Contribution: The problem studied in this paper is motivated by a building load control problem that uses the aggregation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads as flexible reserves to absorb uncertain solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. The problem is formulated as distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) programs with right-hand side (RHS) uncertainty. In addition, we propose a risk-adjustable variant of the DRCC programs, where the risk level, instead of being predetermined, is treated as a decision variable. The paper aims to provide tractable reformulations and solution algorithms for both the (general) DRCC and the (general) adjustable DRCC models with RHS uncertainty.
SOB A PELE DA ALMA: NICOLÁS GUILLÉN E A POESIA PARA CRIANÇAS DE QUALQUER IDADE UNDER THE SKIN OF THE SOUL: NICOLÁS GUILLÉN AND POETRY FOR CHILDREN OF ANY AGE
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Maria 
Published: February 2022

RESUMO: Nicolás Guillén, poeta cubano conhecido pelo seu ativismo político e social, valeu-se da experiência pessoal e das andanças pelos bairros pobres de La Habana para pensar sobre o mundo cubano que o envolvia totalmente. O poeta dedicou parte de sua extensa obra à infância. Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões a respeito da poesia de Guillén para crianças e de temas relacionados ao racismo e à identidade cubana. Discute-se, na análise, os modos como o poeta recusa uma “poesia negra” para chegar a uma poesia cubana, isto é, pautada na transculturação. O objetivo deste estudo é enfatizar o papel social da literatura na vida dos leitores de qualquer idade. Além do valor estético, emocional e cognitivo, ler e/ou ouvir aproxima adultos e crianças do entorno cultural, através do qual é possível (re)conhecer a si e ao outro. ABSTRACT: Nicolás Guillén, a Cuban poet known for his political and social activism, used his personal experience and wanderings through the poor neighborhoods of La Habana to think about the Cuban world that fully involved him. The poet devoted part of his extensive work to childhood. This article presents some reflections on Guillén's poetry for children and themes related to racism and Cuban identity. The analysis discusses how the poet refuses a "black poetry" to reach a Cuban poetry that is, based on transculturation. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the social role of literature in the lives of readers of any age. In addition to the aesthetic, emotional, and cognitive value, reading and/or listening brings adults and children closer to the cultural environment, through which it is possible to know and recognize oneself and others.
Morphology and molecular identification of Eurytrema spp. worm in Aceh cattle, Indonesia
Authors: HANAFIAH MUHAMMAD , HELMI TEUKU ZAHRIAL , SUTRIANA AMALIA , BAHI MUHAMMAD 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Hanafiah M, Helmi TZ, Sutriana A, Bahi M. 2021. Morphology and molecular identification of Eurytrema spp. worm in Aceh cattle, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5654-5661. The objective of this research was to determine the species of Eurytrema spp. in Aceh cattle which were slaughtered in slaughterhouses located in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Identification of Eurytrema spp worm species was performed by Semichon’s Carmine staining, SEM and molecular method. The result fromSemichon’s Carmine staining and SEM method showed that worms coded E2 and E3 were Eurytrema cladorchis indicated by clearly visible protruding cirrus while worms coded E1, E4 and E5 were E. pancreaticum indicated by the absence of protruding cirrus. Molecular characterization of Eurytrema spp.produced fragments of approximately 700 bp in length. The phylogenic tree showed that Eurytrema spp.from Aceh cattle consisted of 2 clades: clade 1 was E. pancreaticum, while clade 2 was E. cladorchis. DNA sequencing result showed that the similarity of worm samples coded 1, 4, and 5 were 98.90% similar to E. pancreaticum (KJ767631.1 and KC535543.1), and 96. 33% similar to E. cladorchis (MN566134.5 and MN566140.1), whereas the worm samples coded 2 and 3 were 97.53% similar to E. pancreaticum (KY490000.1 until KY490004.1), and 97.55 % similar to E. cladorchis (MN566135.1 until MN566140.1). This research was able to identify E. pancreaticumand E. cladorchis in Aceh cattle slaughtered in Banda Aceh slaughter houses.
ST3 national selection for surgical specialty training in the UK: a comparative analysis
Authors: Leiberman D , Myatt D , Kausar A 
Published: February 2022

Introduction National recruitment at ST3 level is the point for aspiring surgical trainees to obtain a national training number and progress to consultancy. In the 2020 recruitment year, face-to-face interviews were not possible owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlighted wide ranging variability in recruitment processes for different surgical specialties. Methods Person specification details and portfolio scoring matrices were accessed through the Oriel recruitment portal. These were analysed and broken down into common domains for comparison purposes by two authors. Overall scores were totalled. Each domain was assessed in terms of its importance to each specialty by calculating its percentage contribution to overall portfolio marks. Results There was variability in all aspects of portfolio assessment and scoring. This started with how many overall ranking marks were contributed by the portfolio to each specialty. Further analysis and comparison of scoring domains demonstrated heterogeneity in how each specialty assesses and awards candidates marks based on achievements. Large emphasis is placed on certain domains by some specialties but not others. Conclusions The degree of variation in ST3 portfolio assessment and the differences between surgical specialties in how the scoring domains are valued has implications for core surgical trainees and those looking to apply for higher surgical training at ST3 level. Currently, core surgical trainees are assessed using a common process of annual review of competence progression that may not be suited to helping prepare candidates for gaining a national training number. There is no available evidence to account for variability between surgical specialty recruitment processes. Further work is needed to assess whether ST3 selection scoring variation has any impact on trainee progression to higher surgical training.
A cross-sectional study examining associations between foundation school and MRCS performance
Authors: Ellis R , Brennan PA , Scrimgeour DSG , Lee AJ , Cleland J 
Published: February 2022

Background Reports of surgical training and experiences vary across the 16 UK foundation schools. Little is known about whether foundation school choice is associated with later performance in surgical training. We investigated choice of school in relation to performance in the MRCS Part A. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study of foundation programme trainees who attempted MRCS Part A between 2017 and 2020 (n = 553). Chi-square tests examined associations between foundation programme school and first–attempt MRCS Part A performance. Multinomial regression models identified the likelihood of MRCS part A success depending on foundation school. Results A statistically significant association was found between MRCS Part A first attempt pass rates and foundation school (P < 0.001). Mean Part A pass rates ranged from 23.8% to 81.8% between schools. Two foundation schools – Thames Valley and North, Central and East London – were found to be independent predictors of success at MRCS Part A at first attempt after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between MRCS Part A performance and subjective reports of training quality (the National Training Survey training satisfaction scores; P = 0.256). Conclusions MRCS success is associated with foundation school but not subjective reports of training quality. Given that more competitive foundation schools attract the highest-achieving applicants, Occam's razor suggests this pattern is most likely due to individual differences such as innate academic ability rather than foundation school training experiences.
Can MRCS exam performance predict surgical specialty destination?
Authors: Ellis R , Cleland J , Lee AJ , Scrimgeour DSG , Brennan PA 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION Successful completion of the MRCS examination is mandatory for surgical trainees in the UK. The MRCS is attempted early in surgical training, before applying for competitive entry to specialty training posts. The aim of this study was to establish whether MRCS performance can predict future surgical specialty destination and whether those who perform well at the exam enter more competitive specialties. METHODS UK candidates who attempted the MRCS examination between 2007 and 2020 were matched to career outcomes data using the General Medical Council database (n=2,910). Specialty competition ratios were calculated from national recruitment between 2017 and 2019. Chi-squared tests determined associations with first-attempt MRCS performance. Multinomial regression models were developed to establish whether MRCS results can predict surgical specialty destination. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association between MRCS Part A first-attempt pass rates and training specialty (p=0.001) but not for Part B (p=0.655). Candidates who passed Part A at the first attempt were more likely to enter neurosurgical training (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.61), cardiothoracic training (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.30–3.90), plastic surgery training (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.56), paediatric surgery training (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.10–3.67) and general surgical training (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.18–1.86) than trauma and orthopaedic training. MRCS Part B performance was not an independent predictor of surgical specialty. CONCLUSIONS Trainees who perform well at MRCS Part A are more likely to enter more competitive specialties. Further work is required to investigate the relationships between this finding, specialty application and selection patterns, and what surgical trainees value in their career decision making.