bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing I/Os in Out-of-Core Task Tree Scheduling
Authors: Marchal Loris , McCauley Samuel , Simon Bertrand , Vivien Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

Scientific applications are usually described using directed acyclic graphs, where nodes represent tasks and edges represent dependencies between tasks. For some applications, this graph is a tree: each task produces a single result used solely by its parent. The temporary results of each task have to be stored between their production and their use.We focus on the case when the data manipulated are very large. Then, during an execution, all data may not fit together in memory. In such a case, some data have to be temporarily written to disk and evicted from memory. These data are later read from disk when they are needed for computation.These Input/Output operations are very expensive; hence, our goal is to minimize their total volume. The order in which the tasks are processed considerably influences the amount of such Input/Output operations. Finding the schedule which minimizes this amount is an open problem that we revisit in this paper.We first formalize and generalize known results, and prove that existing solutions can be arbitrarily worse than the optimal. We then present an Integer Linear Program to solve it optimally. Finally, we propose a novel heuristic algorithm. We demonstrate its good performance through simulations on both synthetic and realistic trees built from actual scientific applications.
Toward Multi-area Contactless Museum Visitor Counting with Commodity WiFi
Authors: Jiang Yicheng , Zheng Xia , Feng Chao 
Published: July 2022

Multi-area visitor counting plays a critical role in museum management, which can help administrative staff better study visitor flows and hotspots, so that they can ensure the quality and safety of visits. Internet of Things (IoT) techniques facilitate efficient recording and understanding of visitors’ spatial and temporal distribution in museums, and traditional visitor tracking applications use surveillance cameras or wireless connections with portable smart devices. However, these methods either involve privacy concerns or face the obstacle of getting natural behavioral data of all visitors. This article explores an IoT monitoring methodology in the field of museum studies, proposing a commodity WiFi-based head-counting framework that does not need the visitor to connect with any device. Our system analyzes the Channel State Information amplitude fluctuations at the fixed receiver caused when visitors cross the line-of-sight link. It enables multi-area visitor counting by achieving In-and-Out traffic detection at different sites with a convolutional neural network algorithm. The method also allows for a rough classification of visitor types based on body size, and an extra transfer module is presented to reduce training time for increasing sensing scenarios. Over 2,300 samples at five different sites were collected to test the usability. Experiment 1 implemented in three environments/deployments demonstrated that the proposed approach can be potentially implemented in variable sites of museums. It achieved high up to 95% and 99% accuracies for identifying the number and direction of people crossing, respectively. Experiment 2 sampled adults, children, and adult-child groups at a science museum and achieved approximately 89% classification accuracy of visitor types. Experiment 3 collected data for all cases in which up to three targets entered and exited simultaneously, and reached a recognition accuracy of around 88% for nine different cases. The potential and limitations for the practical application of wireless contactless sensing to cultural spaces are discussed.
Reference Intervals of Spot Urine Creatinine-to-Osmolality Ratio as a Surrogate of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate
Authors: Hsu Shih-Ping , Chien Chiang-Ting 
Published: July 2022

A spot urine creatinine-to-osmolality ratio (sUCr/Osm) is proposed as a surrogate of the urinary excretion rate of creatinine (Cr) and convenient for forecasting serum Cr (SCr) trends. The lower the sUCr/Osm, the lower the excreted Cr amount accompanied by per unit of osmoles, the higher the risk of Cr accumulation. For exploring the reference intervals of sUCr/Osm in general adults, a cross-sectional analysis was performed on a subset of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012. Of the eligible 3,316 adults aged 18.0 to 79.9 years, the age (

mean
±
SD

) was

45.2
±
17.2

years old, women was 45.02%, body weight (BW) was

76.1
±
14.5

kg, and African Americans was 23.6%. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was

12.6
±
4.7

mg/dL; SCr was

0.89
±
0.34

mg/dL. As spot urine Cr and osmolality were

127.1
±
84.0

mg/dl and

649
±
266

mOsm/kg, respectively, sUCr/Osm was

0.19
±
0.08

. With adjustment of factors related to personal urinary excretion of Cr and osmoles by multivariable regression analysis, the estimated sUCr/Osm (esUCr/Osm) for an individual was

0.153
×

age

in

year

−
0.070

×

BW

in

kg

0.283

×
1.244

if

African

American

×

BUN

in

mg
/
dL

−
0.310

×

SCr

in

mg
/
dL

0.681

. The index of sUCr/Osm to personalized esUCr/Osm was

1.05
±
0.39

. When only low urinary excretion of Cr is likely to be of clinical concern, further analysis showed 157 individuals (4.7%, outside the 5th percentile) had their original

sUCr
/
Osm
<
0.08

; 157 had the sUCr/Osm indexed for personalized

esUCr
/
Osm
<
0.50

.
Clinico-Genomic Characterization of Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in Real-World Practice Identifies a Novel Bladder Immune Performance Index (BIPI)
Authors: Szabados Bernadett , Ponz-Sarvisé Mariano , Machado Robson , Saldana Diego , Kadel Edward E. , Banchereau Romain , Bouquet Fanny , Garmhausen Marius , Powles Thomas , Schröder Carsten ,   On Behalf of the imCORE Working Group of Early Career Investigators (imFLAME)
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose:This retrospective analysis of the largest available clinico-genomic database used de-identified patient-level electronic health record–derived real-world data (RWD) combined with FoundationOne comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to characterize patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated in the real-world setting, detect potential biomarkers, and develop a bladder immune performance index (BIPI).Experimental Design:Patients with mUC who started front-line single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and an unmatched group treated with front-line platinum-based chemotherapy between January 1, 2011, and September 30, 2019, were selected. Clinical and genomic data were correlated with overall survival (OS). A novel BIPI predicting outcome with ICIs was developed using machine learning methods and validated using data from a phase II trial (NCT02951767).Results:In ICI-treated patients (n = 118), high tumor mutational burden (≥10 mutations/megabase) was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35–0.95; P = 0.03). In chemotherapy-treated patients (n = 268), those with high APOBEC mutational signature had worse OS (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06–1.94; P = 0.02). Neither FGFR3 mutations nor DNA damage–repair pathway alterations were associated with OS. A novel BIPI combining clinical and genomic variables (nonmetastatic at initial diagnosis, normal or above normal albumin level at baseline, prior surgery for organ-confined disease, high tumor mutational burden) identified ICI-treated patients with longest OS and was validated in an independent dataset.Conclusions:Contemporary RWD including FoundationOne CGP can be used to characterize outcomes in real-world patients according to biomarkers beyond PD-L1. A validated, novel clinico-genomic BIPI demonstrated satisfactory prognostic performance for OS in patients with mUC receiving front-line ICI therapy.
A Phase 2 Trial of Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade by Stereotactic Radiation and In Situ Virus Gene Therapy in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Kai , Xu Yitian , Zhang Licheng , Niravath Polly , Darcourt Jorge , Patel Tejal , Teh Bin S. , Farach Andrew M. , Guerrero Carlo , Mathur Sunil , Sultenfuss Mark A. , Gupta Nakul , Schwartz Mary R. , Haley Susan L. , Nair Sindhu , Li Xiaoxian , Nguyen Thi Truc Anh , Butner Joseph D. , Ensor Joe , Mejia Jaime A. , Mei Zhuyong , Butler E. Brian , Chen Shu-hsia , Bernicker Eric H. , Chang Jenny C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
A Phase 2 trial of stereotactic radiotherapy and in situ cytotoxic virus therapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) followed by pembrolizumab (STOMP) was designed to evaluate dual approach of enhancing single-agent immune checkpoint blockade with adenovirus-mediated expression of herpes-simplex-virus thymidine-kinase (ADV/HSV-tk) plus valacyclovir gene therapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with mTNBC.

Patients and Methods:
In this single-arm, open-label Phase 2 trial, patients with mTNBC were treated with ADV/HSV-tk [5 × 1011 virus particles (vp)] intratumoral injection, followed by SBRT to the injected tumor site, then pembrolizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate [CBR; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) ≥ 24 weeks per RECIST version1.1 at non-irradiated site]. Secondary endpoints included duration on treatment (DoT), overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory endpoints included immune response to treatment assessed by correlative tissue and blood-based biomarkers.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and treated. CBR was seen in 6 patients (21.4%), including 2 CR (7.1%), 1 PR (3.6%), and 3 SD (10.7%). Patients with clinical benefit had durable responses, with median DoT of 9.6 months and OS of 14.7 months. The median OS was 6.6 months in the total population. The combination was well tolerated. Correlative studies with Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) revealed a significant increase of CD8 T cells in responders and of myeloid cells in non-responders.

Conclusions:
The median OS increased by more than 2-fold in patients with clinical benefit. The therapy is a well-tolerated treatment in heavily pretreated patients with mTNBC. Early detection of increased effector and effector memory CD8 T cells and myeloids correlate with response and non-response, respectively.
Long-Term Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort of US Adults
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Rezende Leandro F.M. , Joh Hee-Kyung , Keum NaNa , Ferrari Gerson , Rey-Lopez Juan Pablo , Rimm Eric B. , Tabung Fred K. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans recommend a minimum of 150 to 300 min/wk of moderate physical activity (MPA), 75 to 150 min/wk of vigorous physical activity (VPA), or an equivalent combination of both. However, it remains unclear whether higher levels of long-term VPA and MPA are, independently and jointly, associated with lower mortality.

Methods:
A total of 116 221 adults from 2 large prospective US cohorts (Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1988–2018) were analyzed. Detailed self-reported leisure-time physical activity was assessed with a validated questionnaire, repeated up to 15 times during the follow-up. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% CI of the association between long-term leisure-time physical activity intensity and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results:
During 30 years of follow-up, we identified 47 596 deaths. In analyses mutually adjusted for MPA and VPA, hazard ratios comparing individuals meeting the long-term leisure-time VPA guideline (75–149 min/wk) versus no VPA were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87) for all-cause mortality, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.60–0.78) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79–0.92) for non-CVD mortality. Meeting the long-term leisure-time MPA guideline (150–299 min/wk) was similarly associated with lower mortality: 19% to 25% lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality. Compared with those meeting the long-term leisure-time physical activity guidelines, participants who reported 2 to 4 times above the recommended minimum of long-term leisure-time VPA (150–299 min/wk) or MPA (300–599 min/wk) showed 2% to 4% and 3% to 13% lower mortality, respectively. Higher levels of either long-term leisure-time VPA (≥300 min/wk) or MPA (≥600 min/wk) did not clearly show further lower all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality or harm. In joint analyses, for individuals who reported <300 min/wk of long-term leisure-time MPA, additional leisure-time VPA was associated with lower mortality; however, among those who reported ≥300 min/wk of long-term leisure-time MPA, additional leisure-time VPA did not appear to be associated with lower mortality beyond MPA.

Conclusions:
The nearly maximum association with lower mortality was achieved by performing ≈150 to 300 min/wk of long-term leisure-time VPA, 300 to 600 min/wk of long-term leisure-time MPA, or an equivalent combination of both.
Effects of Early Empagliflozin Initiation on Diuresis and Kidney Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (EMPAG-HF)
Authors: Schulze P. Christian , Bogoviku Jürgen , Westphal Julian , Aftanski Pawel , Haertel Franz , Grund Sissy , von Haehling Stephan , Schumacher Ulrike , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Busch Martin 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Effective diuretic regimens using loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure are often limited by the development of worsening kidney function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors induce glucosuria and sodium excretion with nephroprotective effects in patients with stable heart failure but their role in acute decompensated heart failure is unclear.

Methods:
In this single-center, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, we randomly assigned patients with acute decompensated heart failure to empagliflozin 25 mg daily or placebo in addition to standard decongestive treatments that included loop diuretics. The primary end point was cumulative urine output over 5 days. Secondary end points included diuretic efficiency, dynamics in markers of kidney function and injury, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide).

Results:

Sixty patients were randomized within 12 hours of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure. Addition of empagliflozin daily to standard medical treatment of acute decompensated heart failure resulted in a 25% increase in cumulative urine output over 5 days (median 10.8 versus 8.7 L mL in placebo, group difference estimation 2.2 L [95% CI, 8.4 to 3.6];
P
=0.003). Empagliflozin increased diuretic efficiency compared with placebo (14.1 mL urine per milligram furosemide equivalent [95% CI, 0.6–27.7];
P
=0.041) without affecting markers of renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 51±19 versus 54±17 mL/min per 1.73 m²;
P
=0.599) or injury (total urinary protein, 492±845 versus 503±847 mg/g creatinine;
P
=0.975; and urinary α1-microglobulin, 55.4±38.6 versus 31.3±33.6 mg/g creatinine;
P
=0.066) with more pronounced decrease in NT-proBNP in the empagliflozin group compared with placebo (−1861 versus −727.2 pg/mL after 5 days; quotient in slope, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83–0.95];
P
<0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of safety events between groups.

Conclusions:
Early addition of empagliflozin to standard diuretic therapy increases urine output without affecting renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04049045.
Platypnea‐Orthodeoxia Syndrome in the Setting of Patent Foramen Ovale Without Pulmonary Hypertension or Major Lung Disease
Authors: Othman Farrah , Bailey Brian , Collins Nicholas , Lau Edmund , Tanous David , Rao Karan , Celermajer David , Cordina Rachael 
Published: July 2022

Background
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)‐associated platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome is characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia when upright. The pathogenesis is thought to involve an increase in right atrial pressure or change in degree of right to left shunting with upright posture.

Methods and Results

We sought to characterize patients with platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome related to PFO without pulmonary hypertension. We retrospectively reviewed databases at 3 tertiary referral hospitals in New South Wales, Australia from 2000 to 2019. Fourteen patients with a mean age of 69±14 years had a PFO with wide tunnel separation. Mean New York Heart Association Classification was II (±0.9) and 7 inpatients had been confined to bed (from postural symptoms). Baseline oxygen saturations supine were 93%±5% and 84%±6% upright. Two patients had a minor congenital heart defect and 4 had mild parenchymal lung disease with preserved lung function. The mean aortic root diameter was 37±6 mm and distance between aortic root and posterior atrial wall was 16±2 mm. Platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome was preceded by surgery in 5 patients and 1 patient had mild pneumonia. Successful closure of the PFO using an Amplatzer device was performed in 11 of 14 patients. Post‐closure, all patients had New York Heart Association Classification I (improvement 1.6±0.9,
P
<0.003) and semi‐recumbent oxygen saturations increased by 13%±8% (
P
<0.001, n=10).

Conclusions
Platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome is a debilitating condition, curable by PFO closure. Anatomical distortion of the atrial septum related to a dilated aortic root or shortening of the distance between the aortic root and posterior atrial wall may contribute to the syndrome.
Educational Needs of People Living with Atrial Fibrillation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ferguson Caleb , Hickman Louise D. , Lombardo Lien , Downie Annie , Bajorek Beata , Ivynian Serra , Inglis Sally C. , Wynne Rochelle 
Published: July 2022

Background
This study explored the educational and self‐management needs of adults living with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and Results
This is a qualitative study of adults living with AF, clinicians, and expert key stakeholders. Interviews were conducted via a one‐to‐one semistructured videoconference or phone and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. A total of 34 participants were recruited and included in analyses (clinicians n=13; experts n=13, patients n=8). Interviews were on average 40 (range 20–70) minutes in duration. Three key themes were identified: (1) “Patient‐centered AF education”; (2) “Prioritizing AF education”; and (3) “Timing AF education.” The availability of credible information was perceived as highly variable. Information primarily focused on anticoagulation, or procedural information, as opposed to other aspects of management, such as risk factor reduction. Factors to optimize learning, such as multimedia, apps, case studies, or the use of visuals were perceived as important. Continuity of care, including engagement of caregivers, was important to help develop relationships, and facilitate understanding, while concurrently creating opportunities for timely targeted education. Clinicians described acute care as a suboptimal setting to deliver education. Competing interests aligned with the time‐pressured context of acute care were prioritized over patient education. In contrast, patients valued continuity of care. AF education strategies need to pivot from a “one size fits all” approach and modernize to implement a range of approaches.

Conclusions
There remain many unmet needs in the provision of quality AF education to support self‐management. Multimodal offerings and the ability to tailor to individual patient needs are important design considerations for new education programs.
Value of Periprocedural Electrophysiology Testing During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Risk Stratification of Patients With New‐Onset Left Bundle‐Branch Block
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , Knecht Sven , Spies Florian , Auberson Chloé , Salis Marc , Jeger Raban V. , Fahrni Gregor , Kaiser Christoph , Schaer Beat , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael 
Published: July 2022

Background
Despite being the most frequent complication following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), optimal management of left bundle‐branch block (LBBB) remains unknown. Electrophysiology study has been proposed for risk stratification. However, the optimal timing of electrophysiology study remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the temporal dynamics of atrioventricular conduction in patients with new‐onset LBBB after TAVR by performing serial electrophysiology study and to deduce a treatment strategy.

Methods and Results
We assessed consecutive patients undergoing TAVR via His‐ventricular interval measurement prevalve and postvalve deployment and the day after TAVR. Infranodal conduction delay was defined as a His‐ventricular interval >55 milliseconds. Among 107 patients undergoing TAVR, 53 patients (50%) experienced new‐onset LBBB postvalve deployment and infranodal conduction delay was noted in 24 of 53 patients intraprocedurally (45%). LBBB resolved the day after TAVR in 35 patients (66%). In patients with new‐onset LBBB postvalve deployment and no infrahisian conduction delay intraprocedurally, the His‐ventricular interval did not prolong in any patient to >55 milliseconds the following day. Overall, 4 patients (7.5%) with new‐onset LBBB after TAVR were found to have persistent infrahisian conduction delay 24 hours after TAVR. During 30‐day follow‐up, 1 patient (1.1%) with new LBBB and a normal His‐ventricular interval after TAVR developed new high‐grade atrioventricular block.

Conclusions
Among patients with new‐onset LBBB postvalve deployment, infrahisian conduction delay can safely be excluded intraprocedurally, suggesting that early intracardiac intraprocedural conduction studies may be of value in these patients.