bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Application of Index Number Theory to Interest Rates: Evidence from Selected Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Poghosyan Karen , Poghosyan Ruben 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use index number theory to decompose changes in total interest rate due to changes in the interest rate component and the weight component. We discuss the optimal calculation of a binary index using axiomatic index number theory. Based on this theory we compare alternative indexes and as a result, we choose the Marshall-Edgeworth index because most axioms are satisfied by this index. Comparing the results of binary periods decomposition, we conclude that the differences are not significant when we apply different indices. For multiple period comparison, we suggest using the chain index because it allows accounting for the weights evolution during the whole period. In addition, we derive a formula that could be useful for explaining the differences between chain and direct indexes when we produce multiple period comparison.
The Model of a Shared Interest Rate for a Group of Countries to Circulate a Digital Currency: Featuring the BRICS
Authors: Zharikov Mikhail V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to offer a comparative analysis of a libertarian and gradual approach to introducing a market interest rate. The topic is time-relevant since the economies of the emerging markets today face difficult challenges posed by economic, financial and health-care crises, impending price stability, future growth and money market equilibrium. A digital currency is a special issue today due to the outbreak of covid-19, which has made many central banks think about contactless means of payment. The author revealed policy tools to circulate a hypothetical digital currency for the BRICS, including a shared interest rate and the quantity of digital money in circulation needed for the penta-lateral use. The theoretical significance is that the research tries to lay the foundation for a model to launch a virtual regional money market for the countries of the BRICS as well as their partners in wider parts of Europe and Asia. In practical terms, the article recommends a number of tools for monetary policy to deal with the coronavirus crisis of 2020.
Al2O3-TiO2 coatings deposition by intermixed and double injection SPS concepts
Authors: Nowakowska Monika , Sokołowski Paweł , Tesař Tomáš , Mušálek Radek , Kiełczawa Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work focuses on the study on the novel hybrid method of simultaneous spraying from two different materials (Al2O3 and TiO2) by means of suspension plasma spraying (SPS) using submicron powder and water suspension. The goal was to attempt the deposition of intermixed alumina-titania coatings, namely: Al2O3 + 3 wt.% TiO2, Al2O3 + 13 wt.% TiO2, and Al2O3 + 40 wt.% TiO2. Such compositions are already used but in the form of conventionally plasma sprayed coatings, with micrometer-sized powder. Meanwhile, the injection of feedstocks with submicron-sized particles has not been established yet. In particular, this paper uses two routes of feedstock injection, (i) with the use of an intermixed suspension and (ii) a double injection of separate suspensions. The attention was paid to the characterization of the feedstock materials, description of deposition parameters as well as the morphology, microstructure, and phase composition of the obtained coatings. Among all coatings, Al2O3 + 40 wt.% TiO2 sprayed with double injection contained the most homogeneously distributed and melted splats. The results from this work demonstrate the possibility of coating deposition both by intermixed and double injection concepts but also the need for the further application-relevant optimization, related to the presence of intercolumnar gaps in the microstructure of the coatings.
Huge parapharyngeal space tumor: Case report and short literature review
Authors: Tillashayhov Mirzagolib , Khasanov Akbar , Nishonboev Latifjon , Amonov Anvar , Bekmirzaev Rahimjon , Shukurov Zohir , Hudoyorov Murod 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The parapharyngeal space (PPS) has a special anatomical and clinical importance from the point of view of its content, communication and vicinity with major and vital structures. Tumors of the parapharyngeal space are uncommon, the most incriminated being the salivary gland tumors, neurogenic tumors, especially Schwannomas and paragangliomas, and lymphoreticular lesions. The correct diagnosis of the PPS tumors must include the radiologic evaluation represented by the computed tomography (CT) and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The therapeutic plan depends on the imagistically identified aspect. We report a case of a 40-year-old male, who initially noted a massive tumor of the left side of the neck within 15 years. The cervical CT scan revealed, in the upper third of the left side of the neck, in the projection of the parotid and masticatory space and the submandibular region, under the lower jaw, medially at the level of cervical vertebrae C1 – C4, to the front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, a volumetric formation irregular in shape, with clear and uneven contours, dimensions 40x65x85 mm, uniform density +30H. Transverse cervical approach was chosen for the surgical investigation.
Acteurs et processus autour de l’héritage : l’Opéra d’État de Vienne, un exemple à plusieurs échelles (1869–1955)
Authors: Scherer Solène 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Un lien semble s’être noué entre histoire, identité, nation et territoire depuis le XIXe siècle. Dans l’acception contemporaine du mot, le patrimoine, terme parapluie, désigne autant les biens du passé prestigieux – monuments et œuvres d’art – que les éléments folkloriques, mais aussi les paysages. L’importance du patrimoine dans l’ancrage du sentiment d’appartenance est telle qu’il nous est désormais impossible de dissocier les éléments patrimoniaux de nos conceptions d’un territoire. Il s’agit ici d’analyser comment la patrimonialisation, en tant que processus de construction sociale, politique, économique d’une reconnaissance de valeurs autour d’une entité – objet, bâtiment, lieu, pratique traditionnelle – peut engendrer une réappropriation du territoire au sein duquel cette entité évolue. À l’aide d’un exemple, l’Opéra de Vienne, nous analyserons les étapes du processus de patrimonialisation, pour en comprendre la dynamique et les acteurs, déclinant l’héritage tant sur le plan temporel que spatial. Cet exemple nous permet aussi d’observer les processus de patrimonialisation à plusieurs échelles : régionales, nationales et internationales.
Metode Pembelajaran Suling Laras Slendro Gaya Yogyakarta
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi Marsudi 
Published: April 2022

This research is motivated by the fact that many flute players, artists, musical practitioners and students do not recognize the characteristics of the Yogyakarta style flute, so there is a tendency to abandon it. On the other hand, the Yogyakarta style flute instrument has specifications that lead to special characteristics. This study aims to provide an understanding of the Yogyakarta style flute as well as produce teaching materials for the Yogyakarta style flute as a guide for learning. This study uses two methods, namely data collection and analysis and design methods. Yogyakarta Style flute learning techniques include: knowledge of the flute, basic techniques, intermediate techniques, and advanced techniques. Knowledge of the flute includes the characteristics of the shape, blow hole, tone hole, closing tone, cengkok seleh, and the application of cengkok seleh flute Yogyakarta style. Basic techniques include mastery of blowing and closing types in finding the tone of both the slendro barrels. Intermediate techniques include basic mastery of crooked selh, slendro barrel and pelog barrel. Advanced techniques include the application of seleh bends on the gending and lagon.
PENGARUH STORY TELLING TENTANG KESIAPAN MENGHADAPI BENCANA GEMPA BUMI TERHADAP SELF EFFICACY ANAK PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Ririnisahawaitun Ririnisahawaitun , Yuliyanti Sasteri , Farlina Baiq Fina , Junardi Hariawan 
Published: April 2022

The located in the Pasific ring of fire, Indonesia has high potential for disaster, such as earthquakes. Children are a vulnerable group to be victim. Self efficacy is needed to make children have ability to act when disaster occurs. One of the effort to improve children’s self efficacy is by story telling. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of story telling about earthquake preparedness toward self efficacy of preschool. This study was a pre-experimental study, with a one pretest-posttest group design. The population of this study was all children in Childhood School at Tulus Ikhlas Al Habibi, Batuyang Village, Pringgabaya, East Lombok of 60 children was taken by total sampling. Collecting data using a self efficacy questionnaire was validity and reliability test. The intervention in this study was story telling using hand puppet media. Wilcoxon test showed there were the effect of story telling about earthquake preparedness toward children’s self efficacy (p value = 0,000).
Patterns of infant dermatoses: An observational study from the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center
Authors: Mudang Jully , Samad Koyakutty Abdul , Devakumar Vasanthiamma K. , Ashok Priya , George Anuja Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
To study the pattern of dermatoses among infants who attended the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center.

Materials and Methods:
We included 270 consecutive infants (children aged 1 year and below) with dermatoses who attended the outpatient clinic of the department of dermatology of our tertiary referral center. Using a preset proforma, we collected information on patient profile, evolution of dermatosis, and clinical features. The dermatoses observed were classified as transient and non-infective conditions, nevi and other developmental defects, genodermatoses, infections and infestations, inflammatory dermatoses, reactive dermatoses, and other miscellaneous conditions.

Results:
The study participants included 162 males (60%) and 108 females (40%). Fifty-three infants (53/270, 19.6%) were neonates. The most common dermatoses observed among the study participants were infections and infestations (86, 31.9%) followed by inflammatory dermatoses (83, 30.7%). Among the neonates, the common dermatoses observed were napkin dermatitis (14/53, 26.4%), transient neonatal pustular melanosis (6/53, 11.3%), and congenital melanocytic nevus (6/53, 11.3%). The common dermatoses observed among infants above 28 days were fungal infections (32/217, 14.7%), atopic dermatitis (23/217, 10.6%), miliaria (22/217, 10.1%) and infantile seborrheic dermatitis (21/217, 9.7%).

Limitations:
The study carried out in the outpatient clinic of the dermatology department of a tertiary referral center and the cross-sectional design were the major limitations.

Conclusion:
Fungal infection was the most frequently observed infection. Whether, this indicates an epidemiological shift in the prevalence of dermatophytosis in pediatric age group needs analysis in future multicenter studies. Napkin dermatitis and atopic dermatitis were the most common non-infective dermatoses in the neonatal and post-neonatal age groups, respectively.
Tax Collection in Pakistan: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Faheem , Badar Hammad , Hamid Kashif , Saeed Muhammad Yasir 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Taxes are the primary source of government revenues. Through taxes, governments can increase the revenues needed for public spending. This study is aimed at investigating the determinants of tax collection and its impact on the economic growth of Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The secondary data has been taken for the years from 1990 to 2020 from different sources such as the World Bank and Pakistan Economic Survey. The regression analysis has been performed on the collected data. Tax collection is taken as the dependent variable, whereas gross domestic product per capita, exchange rate, import, export, unemployment rate, and inflation rate have been taken as independent variables.
Findings: Results indicate a significant impact of GDP per capita, exchange rate, imports and exports on tax collection in Pakistan. Tax collection has a positive and significant impact on economic growth.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study highlight the need to frame policies for increasing gross domestic product per capita, controlling inflation and unemployment for greater attraction of taxpayer for the sake of high tax collection. The high unemployment rate and inflation are the main barriers to tax collection and the country's better economic growth. This study will be helpful to related public-sector institutions in improving tax collection in Pakistan and the government should take necessary steps to improve and develop a strong mechanism to collect taxes.
Financial Instruments of Economic Mechanisms for Strategic Development of Science and Education: Ecosystem Approach
Authors: Borovskaya M. A. , Nikitaeva A. Yu. , Bechvaya M. R. , Chernichenko O. A. 
Published: April 2022

The authors substantiate the importance of choosing efficient financing instruments for the successful functioning of economic mechanisms that ensure the implementation of strategic priorities for economic development. The study shows that the spheres of science and education have a direct positive impact on the growth of the economy, being important priorities and drivers of economic development. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop clear strategic guidelines for the development of these areas and define financial instruments embedded in economic mechanisms to ensure their practical implementation. In this regard, the aim of the study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of science and education funding, considering international and domestic experience, to propose the conceptual content of sectoral strategies for the development of science and education at different levels of the economic hierarchy, and to identify financial instruments to ensure appropriate strategies. Based on the use of theoretical, empirical, comparative, institutional, and evolutionary analysis of international and domestic experience in science and education funding, the expediency of implementing an ecosystem approach to the development and funding of these areas is substantiated, which makes it possible to unite all interested participants in socio-economic ecosystems through partnerships and resource flows. The paper substantiates the importance of distinguishing between sectoral strategies for the development of science and education and suggests the content of the corresponding strategies at the macro-, meso-and micro-levels of the economy. The research contains a comprehensive analysis of the financing instruments and economic mechanisms for the development of science and education in Russia from 1992 to the present, taking into account their effectiveness.It also includes the study of new promising instruments for science and education. Based on the results of this analysis, the authors conclude that it is advisable to rely on those financing instruments that have a self-reproducing nature and allow forming the economy of science on the basis of the ecosystem approach and assume a balance of private and public funding.
DETERMINATION OF FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS LEVEL IN DRINKING GROUND WATER IN SHENDI CITY, RIVER NILE STATE, SUDAN
Authors: Belal Abdallah Ahmed , El hassan Basheer Mohammed , Ibrahim Adam Dawria 
Published: April 2022

Fluoride is one of the anions that endanger human health at concentrations lower and higher than the standard, also is one of the main problems in most parts of the world, where about 200 million people from 25 countries are exposed to high or low concentrations of fluoride from groundwater sources. . This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in shendi City to determine concentrations level of fluoride in ground water. 150 samples of ground water were tested per season (50 samples for each season), The water samples were collected from ground water sources (wells), distribution system and storage facilities that are used directly for drinking purpose in the community per seasons. Analyzing of samples had been completed according to standard methods for examinations of water, in this study used photometer device for determination concentrations of fluoride. Our study revealed that: the quality of ground water in study area is low fluoride content and below the optimum levels that recommended by WHO and SSMO guidelines for drinking water and seasonal variations have effects on fluoride’s solubility and concentrations. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: community must not depend totally on ground water as main source for fluoride, and community in study area should be use other sources for fluoride intake to obtain on daily required amount of fluoride for protection the health.
Sikap Peserta Didik Terhadap Sains di Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Kabupaten Aceh Jaya
Authors: Wassalwa Manna , Evendi Evendi , Huda Ismul , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Halim A. , Saminan Saminan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Sikap terhadap sains adalah sikap yang muncul pada diri peserta didik sebelum dan setelah belajar sains. Semakin tinggi sikap peserta didik terhadap mata pelajaran sains, maka akan semakin tinggi pula hasil belajar mereka. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah sikap peserta didik terhadap mata pelajaran sains, maka akan semakin rendah pula hasil belajar mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana sikap peserta didik terhadap sains. Metode penelitian ini berupa penelitian survey dengan menggunakan instrumen Test of Science Releted Attitude (TOSRA) dengan skala Likert 5 point pada . 161 peserta didik sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif statistik. Hasil penelitian pada 5 indikator sikap peserta didik terhadap sains diperoleh tanggapan tertinggi;1) kesenangan belajar sains terdapat pada kriteria setuju (39,40%) dan berada pada ketegori positif (47,2%); 2) ketertarikan meluangkan waktu belajar sains terdapat pada kriteria setuju (37,29%) dan berada pada ketegori sikap positif (54,7%); 3) ketertarikan berkarir dibidang sains terdapat pada kriteria setuju (34,43%) dan berada kategori sikap positif (50,3%); 4) sikap penyelidikan sains diperoleh dengan kriteria setuju (29,71%) dan berada pada ketegori sikap positif (77%); serta 5) Implikasi sosial sains diperoleh pada kriteria setuju (37,04%) dan berada pada ketegori sikap positif (72%). Secara keseluruhan sikap peserta didik terhadap sains dengan tanggapan tertinggi terdapat pada kriteria setuju (35,56%) dengan kategori sikap positif (75,8%) di SMP dan MTsN Kabupaten Aceh Jaya.
Assessment of distractor efficiency of MCQS in item analysis.
Authors: Maliha Ansari  , Rabia Sadaf  , Aisha Akbar  , Sabahat Rehman  , Zunnera Rashid Chaudhry  , Sabeen Shakir  
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the distractor efficiency of the multiple-choice questions and find out the structural flaws in the items that negatively impact the distractor efficiency. Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS) SZAMBU, Islamabad. Period: April 2021 to June 2021. Material & Methods: This study was conducted at Rawal College of Medicine, RIHS Islamabad. The data was based on the item- analysis report from a sendup exam MCQ paper (2020) of 3rd year MBBS class. Distractor efficiency of total of 140 MCQs was analyzed. Distractor efficiency was categorized as low in MCQ with 3-4 non-functional distractors, medium with 1-2 nonfunctional distractors and high if there are no non-functional distractors. These MCQs were investigated with reference to item writing guidelines proposed by Haladyna et al. The flaws identified were grouped as, within option flaws, alignment flaws between options and stem/ lead-in and other flaws. Results: Out of 140 MCQs, distractor efficiency was high in 58 (41%), moderate in 75 (54%) and low in 7 (5%). The item writing flaws identified in moderate to low DE items were Alignment flaws between distractors and stem/ lead-in were linguistic cues 8(10%), logic cues 10 (12%) and irrelevant distractors 5(6%). Item flaws within the distractors were non homogenous length 2 (2.4%), non-homogenous content 5(6%) and distractors with true and false statements 3(4%). Flaws that were categorized in other than distractors were low cognitive level items 13 (16%) and un-necessarily complicated stems were 8(10 %). Conclusion: This analysis found out distractor efficiency of multiple-choice items was moderate to high. The major flaws that negatively impact distractor efficiency include the distractors with low cognitive level, unnecessary complicated stems, logic cues, linguistic cues, irrelevant distractors and distractors with non-homogenous length and content.
Comparing Concerns—Some issues in organ and other donations
Authors: Strathern Marilyn 
Published: April 2022

In an information society, where overload has become a problem, might anthropology’s comparative method find a new lease of life? This Lecture sets out to test the hunch that it might. A field ever more densely populated with information is that of organ and tissue donation, and the debates to which current practices give rise. Donation is only one of several modes of procurement, organs only one kind of body part that can be donated, and people offer comparisons just as commentators do. Perhaps here is an answer to the question of how to make a reasonable account out of a fraught and infinitely expandable nexus of public concerns. Is it possible to conserve the complexity of the issues while not letting the sheer quantity of information run away with itself? Would following through the comparisons do the trick?
Equality, Inequality, and Exchange
Authors: Robbins Joel 
Published: April 2022

Comments on: JOHN LIEP. A Papuan Plutocracy: Ranked Exchange on Rossel Island. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2009. Pp. 376. ISBN: 978-87-7934-446-4
I mention that good ethnographies appear after the fact to be based on good fortune because John Liep looks for all the world like one of those lucky types for whom this generalization holds true. Interested in economy and exchange, he found his way to Rossel Island, where people happen to operate what from some angles has to be seen as the most complex currency system in the world, one that turns on 34 different, ranked kinds of currency tokens, not counting state money, and that features a welter of more or less unusual ways of moving those currencies around between people in transactions that shape marriages, funerals, and almost all of the other most important social institutions of Rossel Island life. As Liep (p. xviii)1 puts matters, the complexity of the Rossel Island currency system makes it “an anthropological freak”—the kind of one-off limit case in the range of global variation that so often provides the materials for ethnographic success stories. What better basis than fieldwork among the Rossel Islanders could there be, then, for making pointed interventions into disciplinary debates about the nature of exchange?
Here the Status Symbols Clash
Authors: Dutton Edward 
Published: April 2022

This article aims to make an original contribution to the discussion of the dynamics of social status expression in Finland. Drawing upon fieldwork in Oulu and Kokkola, it will examine how a sample of Finnish people express and play for social status through the objects with which they decorate their homes. It suggests that Finnish social stratification may be undergoing a shift away from correlation with formal education towards identification with broader consumption patterns, especially amongst the young. However, it will also highlight social status-based differences in terms of both forms of expression and touch on how these reflect the evolution of Finnish social stratification and culture more broadly.
Keywords: Finland, social status, home, decoration