bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oxygen Diffusion During the Post-Processing of Ti6Al4V Lattice Structures Fabricated by the Selective Laser Melting Process
Authors: Salem H. , Ibrahim P. , Attallah M. M. , Salem H. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Post-processing of Ti6Al4V lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) was performed using hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and heat treatment (HT) to mitigate the undesired effect of rapid cooling during SLM. Oxygen diffusion during post-processing had a significant influence on the microstructure and subsequently the mechanical properties of the lattices. Oxygen content analysis was conducted to confirm the oxygen diffusion through the strurts’ peripheries. The effect of oxygen diffusion during the HIPing and sub-transus HT (600–800 °C) regimes on the phase transformation, failure mechanisms, and mechanical properties of the lattices was investigated. Results revealed that the transformation of the originally formed α′ martensite was dependent on the post-processing temperature. This transformation resulted in a decrease in yield strength. The decrease in failure strain (ductility) for all treated conditions was related to oxygen diffusion, forming near-surface α-case.
A Musculoskeletal Multibody Algorithm Based on a Novel Rheonomic Constraints Definition Applied to the Lower Limb
Authors: Ruggiero Alessandro , Sicilia Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a multibody model was developed in the framework of biotribology of lower limb artificial joints. The presented algorithm performs the inverse dynamics of musculoskeletal systems with the aim to achieve a tool for the calculation of the joint reaction forces. The revolute joint, the cam joint, the spherical joint and the free joint were considered in the analyzed lower limb system by introducing a novel analytical formulation of the rheonomic constraint equations based on the quaternions theory. Within the kinematical analysis, the curved muscle paths were modeled by simulating their geodesic wrapping over bony surfaces while the muscle actuations were formulated through the Hill muscle model. The developed theoretical model was developed in matlab environment allowing to follow the classical musculoskeletal analysis pipeline: kinematical analysis, inverse dynamics, and static optimization, applied to the lower limb during the gait kinematics. The validation of the results was obtained by comparing the calculated hip joint reactions with the ones obtained in vivo by Bergmann and calculated by Opensim software, showing a satisfactory agreement. The proposed model and algorithm represent a fully open and controllable synovial joint tribological configuration generator tool, useful to be coupled with numerical lubrication/contact models in the framework of the in silico artificial joints tribological optimization.
Analysis of Stresses and Strains in Stainless Steel 316 L Tubes Subjected to Die Expansion
Authors: Zhao Zijian , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Laghzale Nor-Eddine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
SS316 L finned tubes are becoming very popular in high-pressure heat exchangers and particularly in CO2 cooler applications. Due to the high pressures present during operation, these tubes require an accurate residual stress evaluation generated by the die expansion process. Die expansion of air cooler fin tubes creates not only high stresses that can surpass the ultimate tensile strength when combined with operation stresses but microcracks during expansion when the process is not well controlled. This research work aims to study the elastic-plastic behavior and estimate the residual stress state of fin tubes subjected to the die expansion process. The stresses and deformations of the expanded SS316 L tube are analyzed numerically using the finite element method. The expansion and contraction process are modeled considering the elastic–plastic material behavior for different die sizes. The maximum longitudinal, tangential, and contact stresses are evaluated to verify the critical stress state of the joint during the expansion process. The importance of the material behavior in evaluating the residual stresses using kinematic and isotropic hardening is addressed. Finally, an experiment was conducted to assess the tangential and longitudinal strains of a 3/8 in. stainless steel tube subjected to expansion with an oval-shaped die.
How similar was the 1983Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake rupture to its surface-faulting predecessors along the northern Lost River fault zone (Idaho, USA)?
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Briggs Richard W. , Gold Ryan D. , Hatem Alexandra E. , Elliott Austin J. , Delano Jaime , Medina-Cascales Ivan , Gray Harrison J. , Mahan Shannon A. , Nicovich Sylvia R. , Lifton Zachery M. , Kleber Emily , McDonald Greg , Hiscock Adam , Bunds Michael , Reitman Nadine G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe excavated trenches at two paleoseismic sites bounding a trans-basin bedrock ridge (the Willow Creek Hills) along the northern Lost River fault zone to explore the uniqueness of the 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake compared to its prehistoric predecessors. At the Sheep Creek site on the southernmost Warm Springs section, two earthquakes occurred at 9.8–14.0 ka (95% confidence) and 6.5–7.1 ka; each had ~1.9 m of vertical displacement. About 4 km to the southeast, across the Willow Creek Hills, two ruptures at the Arentson Gulch site on the northernmost Thousand Springs section occurred at 9.0–14.7 ka and 6.1–7.5 ka with ~1.9 m of vertical displacement each. We synthesize these and previous paleoseismic results into a model of five postglacial (&lt;15 ka) ruptures along a ~65 km reach of the northern Lost River fault zone. Our results show that the Borah Peak earthquake (34 km; 0.9 m mean displacement) was unique compared to previous ruptures that had both longer and shorter rupture lengths (~25–38 km), more displacement (mean of ~1.3–1.4 m), and equal or greater magnitude (Mw 6.9–7.1) than that in the 1983 earthquake. These ruptures support a hypothesis of variable rupture length and displacement on the northern Lost River fault zone and show that predecessors to the 1983 rupture have passed unimpeded through the Willow Creek Hills. Our work demonstrates that normal faults are capable of producing variable spatial-temporal patterns of rupture that, together with comparisons of fault geometry and historical rupture length, improve our understanding of fault segmentation and help inform models of earthquake rupture probability.
Development of a core outcome set for multimorbidity trials in low/middle-income countries (COSMOS): study protocol
Authors: Boehnke Jan R. , Rana Rusham Zahra , Kirkham Jamie J. , Rose Louise , Agarwal Gina , Barbui Corrado , Chase-Vilchez Alyssa , Churchill Rachel , Flores-Flores Oscar , Hurst John R. , Levitt Naomi , van Olmen Josefien , Purgato Marianna , Siddiqi Kamran , Uphoff Eleonora , Vedanthan Rajesh , Wright Judy , Wright Kath , Zavala Gerardo A. , Siddiqi Najma 
Published: February 2022

Introduction‘Multimorbidity’ describes the presence of two or more long-term conditions, which can include communicable, non-communicable diseases, and mental disorders. The rising global burden from multimorbidity is well documented, but trial evidence for effective interventions in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. Selection of appropriate outcomes is fundamental to trial design to ensure cross-study comparability, but there is currently no agreement on a core outcome set (COS) to include in trials investigating multimorbidity specifically in LMICs. Our aim is to develop international consensus on two COSs for trials of interventions to prevent and treat multimorbidity in LMIC settings.Methods and analysisFollowing methods recommended by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative, the development of these two COSs will occur in parallel in three stages: (1) generation of a long list of potential outcomes for inclusion; (2) two-round online Delphi surveys and (3) consensus meetings. First, to generate an initial list of outcomes, we will conduct a systematic review of multimorbidity intervention and prevention trials and interviews with people living with multimorbidity and their caregivers in LMICs. Outcomes will be classified using an outcome taxonomy. Two-round Delphi surveys will be used to elicit importance scores for these outcomes from people living with multimorbidity, caregivers, healthcare professionals, policy makers and researchers in LMICs. Finally, consensus meetings including all of these stakeholders will be held to agree outcomes for inclusion in the two COSs.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Research Governance Committee of the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK (HSRGC/2020/409/D:COSMOS). Each participating country/research group will obtain local ethics board approval. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed open access publications, and presentations at global conferences selected to reach a wide range of LMIC stakeholders.PROSPERO registation numberCRD42020197293.
Incidence, clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takeda Chikashi , Yamashita Yugo , Takeuchi Masato , Yonekura Hiroshi , Dong Li , Hamada Miho , Hirotsu Akiko , Ono Koh , Kawakami Koji , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Kimura Takeshi , Mizota Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japan.DesignRetrospective observational study. Two data sets, Contemporary ManageMent AND outcomes in patients with Venous ThromboEmbolism (COMMAND VTE) Registry and Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA) annual report, were used for current analyses.SettingEighteen of 29 centres participated in the COMMAND VTE Registry.ParticipantsAcute symptomatic patients with VTE who had undergone surgery 2 months prior to the diagnosis at 18 centres from January 2010 to December 2013 were identified in the COMMAND VTE Registry. From each centre’s JSA annual report, the overall population that had received anaesthetic management during this period was retrieved.InterventionsNone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidences and clinical characteristics of postoperative symptomatic VTE. The secondary outcomes were recurrent VTE, major bleeding and all-cause death.ResultsWe identified 137 patients with postoperative symptomatic VTE, including 57 patients with pulmonary embolism. The incidences of postoperative symptomatic VTE and pulmonary embolism were 0.067% and 0.028%, respectively, based on data from 2 03 943 patients who underwent surgery, managed by anaesthesiologists, during the study period. The incidences of postoperative symptomatic VTE varied widely, depending on surgical and anaesthetic characteristics. Postoperative symptomatic VTE occurred at a median of 8 days after surgery, with 58 patients (42%) diagnosed within 7 days. The cumulative incidence, 30 days after VTE, of recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death was 3.0%, 5.2%, and 3.7%, respectively.ConclusionThis study, combining the large real-world VTE and anaesthesiology databases in Japan revealed the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of postoperative symptomatic VTE, providing useful insights for all healthcare providers involved in various surgeries.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Protocol for the Lovisenberg Open Acute Door Study (LOADS): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to compare safety and coercion between open-door policy and usual-care services in acute psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Kunøe Nikolaj , Nussle Hans Martin , Indregard Anne-Marthe 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe reduction of coercion in psychiatry is a high priority for both the WHO and many member countries. Open-door policy (ODP) is a service model for psychiatric ward treatment that prioritises collaborative and motivational measures to better achieve acute psychiatric safety - and treatment objectives. Keeping the ward main door open is one such measure. Evidence on the impact of ODP on coercion and violent events is mixed, and only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) has previously compared ODP to standard practice. The main objectives of the Lovisenberg Open Acute Door Study (LOADS) are to implement and evaluate a Nordic version of ODP for acute psychiatric inpatient services. The evaluation is designed as a pragmatic RCT with treatment-as-usual (TAU) control followed by a 4-year observational period.Methods and analysisIn this 12-month pragmatic randomised trial, all patients referred to acute ward care will be randomly allocated to either TAU or ODP wards. The primary outcome is the proportion of patient stays with one or more coercive measures. Secondary outcomes include adverse events involving patients and/or staff, substance use and users’ experiences of the treatment environment and of coercion. The main hypothesis is that ODP services will not be inferior to state-of-the art psychiatric treatment. ODP and TAU wards are determined via ward-level randomisation. Following conclusion of the RCT, a longitudinal observational phase begins designed to monitor any long-term effects of ODP.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) in Norway (REC South East #29238), who granted LOADS exemption from consent requirements for all eligible, admitted patients. Data are considered highly sensitive but can be made available on request. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and meetings.Trial registration numberISRCTN16876467.Protocol version1.4, 21 December 2021.
PICaSSO Histologic Remission Index (PHRI) in ulcerative colitis: development of a novel simplified histological score for monitoring mucosal healing and predicting clinical outcomes and its applicability in an artificial intelligence system
Authors: Gui Xianyong , Bazarova Alina , del Amor Rocìo , Vieth Michael , de Hertogh Gert , Villanacci Vincenzo , Zardo Davide , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Røyset Elin Synnøve , Shivaji Uday N , Monica Melissa Anna Teresa , Mandelli Giulio , Bhandari Pradeep , Danese Silvio , Ferraz Jose G , Hayee Bu'Hussain , Lazarev Mark , Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Pastorelli Luca , Panaccione Remo , Rath Timo , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Kiesslich Ralf , Bisschops Raf , Grisan Enrico , Naranjo Valery , Ghosh Subrata , Iacucci Marietta 
Published: February 2022

Histological remission is evolving as an important treatment target in UC. We aimed to develop a simple histological index, aligned to endoscopy, correlated with clinical outcomes, and suited to apply to an artificial intelligence (AI) system to evaluate inflammatory activity.MethodsUsing a set of 614 biopsies from 307 patients with UC enrolled into a prospective multicentre study, we developed the Paddington International virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre (PICaSSO) Histologic Remission Index (PHRI). Agreement with multiple other histological indices and validation for inter-reader reproducibility were assessed. Finally, to implement PHRI into a computer-aided diagnosis system, we trained and tested a novel deep learning strategy based on a CNN architecture to detect neutrophils, calculate PHRI and identify active from quiescent UC using a subset of 138 biopsies.ResultsPHRI is strongly correlated with endoscopic scores (Mayo Endoscopic Score and UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and PICaSSO) and with clinical outcomes (hospitalisation, colectomy and initiation or changes in medical therapy due to UC flare-up). A PHRI score of 1 could accurately stratify patients’ risk of adverse outcomes (hospitalisation, colectomy and treatment optimisation due to flare-up) within 12 months. Our inter-reader agreement was high (intraclass correlation 0.84). Our preliminary AI algorithm differentiated active from quiescent UC with 78% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity and 86% accuracy.ConclusionsPHRI is a simple histological index in UC, and it exhibits the highest correlation with endoscopic activity and clinical outcomes. A PHRI-based AI system was accurate in predicting histological remission.
Comparative analysis between 1-D, 2-D and 3-D carotid web quantification
Authors: Perry da Camara Catarina , Nogueira Raul G , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Pisani Leonardo , Mohammaden Mahmoud , Allen Jason W , Nahab Fadi , Olive Gadea Marta , Frankel Michael R , Haussen Diogo C 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCarotid webs (CaW) are now recognized as a cause of ischemic stroke in young patients. The thromboembolic potential appears related to the CaW’s morphology and consequent impact on local flow dynamics. We aim to evaluate the reliability of different measurement methods for the quantification of CaW and their relationship to symptomatic status, presence of large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS), clot burden and final infarct volume.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of the local comprehensive stroke center CaW database (September 2014–July 2019). CT angiograms (CTAs) were reviewed independently by two raters, blinded to the clinical information and laterality of the stroke/transient ischemic attack. CaW were quantified with 1-D (length), 2-D (area) and 3-D (volume) measurements via Osirix software. Final infarct volume was calculated on MRI. Patients with superimposed CaW thrombus and no repeat imaging were excluded.ResultsForty-eight CaW (37 symptomatic and 11 contralateral/asymptomatic) in 38 patients were included. Mean age (±SD) was 48.7 (±8.5) years, 78.9% were women and 77.1% were black. Inter-rater agreement was 0.921 (p<0.001) for 1-D, 0.930 (p<0.001) for 2-D, and 0.937 (p<0.001) for 3-D CaW measurements. When comparing symptomatic with asymptomatic CaW, mean web length was 3.2 mm versus 2.5 mm (p<0.02), median area was 5.8 versus 5.0 mm2(p=0.35) and median volume was 15.0 versus 10.6 mm3(p<0.04), respectively. CaW with a thinner profile (longer intraluminal projection compared with the base) were more likely to be symptomatic (0.67±0.17 vs 0.88±0.37; p=0.01). Average CaW 1-D and final infarct volume had a weak but positive association (Κ=0.230, p<0.05), while no association among web measurements and the presence of LVOS or clot burden was observed.ConclusionCaW dimension quantification (1-D, 2-D and 3-D) is highly reproducible. Linear and volumetric measurements were more strongly associated with symptoms. The impact of CaW size on the presence of LVOS, clot burden and final infarct volume is unclear.
Carbon loss in tile drainage and surface runoff from a clay loam soil after a half century of continuous and rotational cropping
Authors: Yang X.M. , Drury C.F. , Reynolds W.D. , Reeb M.D. 
Published: February 2022

Tile drainage and surface runoff are major pathways for pollution of water resources by agricultural nutrients and chemicals. Little is known, however, of the pathways and amounts of carbon entry into water resources from agricultural land. This paper evaluates dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) losses in tile drainage and surface runoff from a Brookston clay loam after more than a half century of monoculture maize ( Zea mays L.), continuous bluegrass sod ( Poa Pratensis L.), and maize-oat ( Avena sativa L.)–alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)–alfalfa rotation. Water loss in tile drainage and surface runoff accounted for 27%, 32%, and 18% of annual precipitation (876 mm) for rotation, monoculture maize, and continuous sod, respectively. Tile drainage comprised 66%–89% of water loss from rotation and continuous sod, but only 15% from monoculture maize, with the remaining 85% of water loss from monoculture maize due to surface runoff. On an annualized basis, the measured dissolved C loss was 79 and 83 kg C ha–1 yr–1) from rotation and continuous sod, respectively, while 49 kg C ha–1 yr–1 was lost from monoculture maize. As up to 9% off-gassing loss of CO2 from water samples was measured, total dissolved carbon losses in tile drainage and runoff water were likely greater. For Brookston clay loam soil, leaching into tile drains was the dominant mechanism for dissolved carbon loss from long-term continuous sod and crop rotation, while surface runoff was the dominant mechanism for dissolved carbon loss from long-term monoculture maize.
Understanding and visualizing the statistical analysis of SN1987A neutrino data
Authors: dos Santos Marcos V. , de Holanda Pedro Cunha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe SN1987A detection through neutrinos was an event of great importance in neutrino physics, being the first detection of neutrinos created outside our solar system, and then inaugurating the era of experimental neutrino astronomy. The data have been largely studied in many different analysis, and has presented several challenges in different aspects, since both supernova explosion dynamics and neutrino flavour conversion in such extreme environment still have many unknowns. In addition, the low statistics also invoke the need of unbinned statistical methods to compare any model proposal with data. In this paper we focus on a discussion about the most used statistical analysis interpretation, presenting a pedagogical way to understand and visualize this comparison.
Response Generation by Jointly Modeling Personalized Linguistic Styles and Emotions
Authors: Sun Teng , Wang Chun , Song Xuemeng , Feng Fuli , Nie Liqiang 
Published: February 2022

Natural language generation (NLG)
has been an essential technique for various applications, like XiaoIce and Siri, and engaged increasing attention recently. To improve the user experience, several emotion-aware NLG methods have been developed to generate responses coherent with a pre-designated emotion (e.g., the positive or negative). Nevertheless, existing methods cannot generate personalized responses as they frequently overlook the personalized linguistic style. Apparently, different human responsers tend to have different linguistic styles. Inspired by this, in this work, we focus on a novel research theme of
personalized emotion-aware NLG
(
PENLG
), whereby the generated responses should be coherent with the linguistic style of a pre-designated responser and emotion. In particular, we study PENLG under a scenario of generating personalized emotion-aware response for social media post. Yet it faces certain research challenges: (1) the user linguistic styles are implicit and complex by nature, and hence it is hard to learn their representations; and (2) linguistic styles and emotions are usually expressed in different manners in a response, and thus how to convey them properly in the generated responses is not easy. Toward this end, we present a novel scheme of PENLG, named CRobot, which consists of a personalized emotion-aware response generator and two discriminators, i.e.,
general discriminator
and
personalized emotion-aware discriminator
. To be more specific, the post-based and avatar-based user linguistic style modeling methods are incorporated into the encoder-decoder–based generator, while the discriminators are devised to ensure that the generated response is fluent and consistent with both the emotion and the linguistic style of the user. Different from the traditional adversarial networks, we embed adversarial learning under the umbrella of reinforcement learning. In this way, the response generation problem can be tackled by the generator taking a sequence of actions on selecting the proper word of each timestep for output. To justify our model, we construct a large-scale response generation dataset based on Twitter, consisting of 6,763 tweets with a corresponding 1,461,713 response created by 153,664 users. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CRobot surpasses the state-of-the-art baselines regarding both subjective and objective evaluation.