bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tormentic Acid Alters the Gut Microbiota of the Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Bay Veysel , Gür Seray , Bayraktar Oğuz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, phytochemicals have started to attract more attention due to their contribution to health and bioactivity. Microorganisms in the intestines of organisms contribute to the processing, function, and biotransformation of these substances. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is one of the organisms used for the biotransformation of phytochemicals due to its controlled reproduction and liability to microbial manipulation. In this study, a bioactive compound, tormentic acid (TA), extracted from Sarcopoterium spinosum was used in the diet of silkworm and the alterations of intestinal microbiota of the silkworm were assessed. To do this, silkworms were fed on diet with various tormentic acid content, and 16S metagenomic analysis was performed to determine and the alterations in the gut microbiota profile of these organisms. Diet with different TA content did not cause a change in bacterial diversity of the samples. Comprehensive comparisons between different feeding groups indicated increased abundance of bacteria associated with health, i.e., Intestinibacter spp., Flavonifractor spp., Senegalimassilia spp., through the utilization of bioactive substances such as flavonoids. In conclusion, it might be said that use of TA as a supplementary product might help ameliorating the infected gut and promoting the healthy gut and relieving the undesirable effects of medicines to gastrointestinal system.
Effect of integration of poultry manure and vinasse on the abundance and diversity of soil fauna, soil fertility index, and barley growth in calcareous soils
Authors: Seleem Mostafa , Khalafallah Naglaa , Zuhair Raghda , Ghoneim Adel , El-Sharkawy Mahmoud , Mahmoud Esawy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In Egypt, calcareous soils represent a large part of desert soils suffering from a shortage of nutrients and organic matter, which affects production and biological diversity in agroecosystems. Organic wastes, which negatively affect the environment, recycle it as a promising technology in different farming systems, and its impact on production and soil fauna is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of integrating poultry manure (P) with vinasse (V) at different rates on the diversity of soil fauna and barley growth (Hordeum aestivm) grown in calcareous soil. The results showed that the addition of P alone or combined with V at different rates had a significant effect on the soil fauna, soil fertility, yield of barley. The study showed a strong correlation between soil organic matter, soil fertility index, microbial biomass carbon, and soil fauna (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.05), (R2 = 0.86, P < 0.05), and (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.05) when treating soil with P alone or combined with V. P2V1 mixtures have the best results in OM with 65.0% compared to control, and V contributes more than 16% of them. Total individuals of soil fauna increased by 106.3%, 243.8%, 118.8% and 43.8% in P1V1, P1V2, P2V1 and P2V2 relative to control, respectively. In pots with P addition alone or combined with V at different rates, Shannon's index and Evenness index were significantly higher than the control treatment at the mature stage of barley growth. The interaction between P and V increased the grain yield of barley plant from 5.76 to 9.52 g pot− 1 in P2V2 and to 10.19 g pot− 1 in P2V1. The results indicate that integration of P and V can be promising organic amendments in improving soil fauna, soil fertility, and crop yield in calcareous soils.
Genome editing using a versatile vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system in Fusarium species
Authors: Shinkado Sota , Saito Hiroki , Yamazaki Masaya , Kotera Shunsuke , Arazoe Takayuki , Arie Tsutomu , Kamakura Takashi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fusarium species include important filamentous fungal pathogens that can infect plants, animals, and humans. Meanwhile, some nonpathogenic Fusarium species are promising biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Here, we developed a genome editing technology using a vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). This optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system, harboring an endogenous U6 small nuclear RNA promoter for the expression of single-guide RNA and an endogenous H2B nuclear localization signal for the localization of Cas9, enabled efficient targeted gene knock-out, including in the accessory chromosomal regions in Fol. We further demonstrated single crossover-mediated targeted base editing and endogenous gene tagging. This system was also applicable for genome editing in F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae and F. commune without any modifications, suggesting that this CRISPR/Cas9 vector has a potential application for a broad range of researches on other Fusarium species.
A comparative study to determine the association of gut microbiome with schizophrenia in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Yan Fuyang , Xia Lehong , Xu Li , Deng Liyun , Jin Guolin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
With the rapid progress of high-throughput sequencing technology, characterization of schizophrenia (SZ) with underlying probing of the gut microbiome can explore pathogenic mechanisms, estimate disease risk, and allow customization of therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. In this study, we compared the differences in gut microbial diversity and composition between 50 SZ subjects and 50 healthy matched subjects in Zhejiang, China via targeted next-generation sequencing (16S rRNA amplicon).
Results
Accordingly, the alpha diversity indices (observed species index, Shannon index, and Simpson index) of the gut microbiome in the healthy control group were higher than those in the SZ group. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling of beta diversity revealed that patients with SZ clustered more tightly than healthy controls. At the phylum level, we found that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the SZ group was significantly increased. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Parabacteroides, and Sutterella were significantly higher, whereas the abundances of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Lachnospira, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, and Coprococcus were lower than those in the healthy control group. Further analyses revealed that Succinivibrio, Megasphaera, and Nesterenkonia may serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing patients with SZ from those in the control cohort.
Conclusions
This study profiled differences in gut microbiome diversity, taxonomic composition, and function between SZ and healthy cohorts, and the insights from this research could be used to develop targeted next-generation sequencing-based diagnoses for SZ.
Evaluation of inhibitory effect of the Abelmoschus esculentus flavonoid extract on digestive enzymes of citrus brown snail
Authors: Teimouri Paria , Mohadjerani Maryam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: In this study, we extracted the flavonoid contents of Abelmoschus esculentus L. as the main bioactive components in the okra plant. Then, an ultraviolet colorimetric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to measure the total flavonoid content of okra extract. Materials and methods: the inhibitory effect of okra extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated on the digestive enzymes from citrus brown snail (Caucasotachea lencoranea). Results: The results showed high content of rutin, chlorogenic acid, and catechin with remarkable inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Conclusion: Thus, studies related to an identifying the bioactive compounds and correlating them to their biological activities are beneficial for further research to explore the potential of A. esculentus as a source of therapeutic flavonoids.
Fecal microbiota transplantation via capsules relieves ulcerative colitis by improving gut microbiota and serum metabolites
Authors: Xu Hongzhi , Chen Qiongyun , Fan Yanyun , Zhang Bangzhou , Yan Changsheng , Zhang Qiang , Ke Yuhao , Chen Zhangran , Wang Lin , Shi Huaxiu , Hu Yiqun , Huang Qingwen , Su Jingling , Xie Chenxi , Zhang Xu , Zhou Lixiang , Ren Jianlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS:
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapy that can induce clinical remission in ulcerative colitis. FMT through enema or colonoscopy brings pain to patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficiency of FMT via capsules in UC and determine the specific factors related to the response to clinical remission.
METHODS
We conducted a single-blind trial in Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, China. 21 patients were randomized to accept FMT, and 4 were assigned to the placebo. Patients in the FMT group received capsules filled with healthy donor fecal material and those in the placebo group received capsules filled with glycerol. We performed 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics in fecal samples and analyzed serum samples for metabolome features.
RESULTS
FMT via capsules could receive favorable levels of therapeutic success in UC. 3 FMTs in 1 week induced clinical remission in 57.1% (12 of 21) and clinical response in 76.2% (16 of 21). Gut bacterial richness after FMT was increased in the patients who achieved remission. The increased relative abundance of Alistipes sp, O. splanchnicus, and F. prausnitzii was the strongest predictor of clinical remission. Patients in remission after FMT had enrichment of Alistipes sp, O. splanchnicus and had increased levels of indolelactic acid. Patients who did not achieve remission had enrichment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and increased levels of 12,13-DiHOME and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
CONCLUSIONS
We had demonstrated the efficacy of FMT via capsules in active UC. We found that FMT could promote gut microbiome reconstruction, reduce the invasion of harmful bacteria and the synthesis of LPS, and accelerate the metabolism of indoleacetic acid by increasing the abundance of specific bacteria to alleviate intestinal inflammation. These findings may raise a new way in the design of FMT therapy for UC. ClinicalTrails.gov (NCT03426683).
Compound Fault Diagnosis for Cooling Dehumidifier Based on RBF Neural Network Improved by Kernel Principle Component analysis and Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Gao Yunguang , Ma Changlin , Sheng An 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Developing fault diagnosis for the cooling dehumidifier is very important for improving the equipment reliability and saving energy consumption. This paper mainly studies and explores the compound fault diagnosis for the cooling dehumidifier. Firstly, the dehumidifier data acquisition system is built, which can be applied to the data acquisition, work status simulation, and fault diagnosis. Secondly, a compound fault diagnosis model based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) improved by kernel principle component analysis (KPCA) and adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is proposed. Aiming at the problems that the selection of RBF width depends on expert knowledge, the network structure scale is large or the training speed is slow in the conventional RBFNN models, on the one hand, AGA and K-means clustering algorithm are employed to automatically optimize the RBF width, the number of hidden layer neurons and the neuron centers, which guarantees the model has small structure and fast computing speed on the premise of sufficient output precision; on the other hand, KPCA is used to reduce the dimension of the model input data, which not only effectively extracts the nonlinear features, but also further simplifies the network structure. Finally, the proposed method is validated and compared with the conventional models. The results show that this proposed model can not only be effectively applied to the dehumidifier compound fault diagnosis, but also has prominent application advantages.
Establishment and Verification of a Predictive Model for Preeclampsia Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hongya , Li Xuexiang , Zhang Tianying , Zhang Cong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) has an increasing incidence worldwide, and there is no gold standard for prediction. Recent progress has shown that abnormal decidualization and impaired vascular remodeling are the keys to the pathogenesis of PE. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the decidua basalis and blood changes of PE to explore new methods. Here, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on 9553 differentially expressed genes of decidua basalis data from Gene Expression Omnibus to generate and screen relevant module-eigengenes (MEs). Among them, MEblue and the MEgrey were the most correlated with PE characteristics, which contained 371 core genes. Subsequently, we applied the logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, screened 43 genes most relevant to prediction from the intersections of the 371 genes and blood sample genes (training set), and built a predictive model. The specificity and sensitivity of the model were illustrated by receiver operating characteristic curves, and the stability was verified by the other two sets of samples (validation sets). The results demonstrated that our predictive model showed good predictions, with an area under the curve of 0.991 [94.4%, 100.0%] for the training set, 0.874[80.9%,78.7%] and 0.986 [97.9%,91.7%] for the validation sets. Finally, we found the 43 key marker genes in the model were closely associated with the clinically accepted predictive molecules, including FLT1, PIGF, ENG and VEGF, although their AUCs were not very high. Therefore, this predictive model provides a new potential approach for the diagnosis and treatment of PE.
Evaluation of the health promotion effect of hepatitis B prevention and treatment in the Zhejiang demonstration area,China
Authors: Qin Hongli , Qiu Yan , Ying Meike , Ren Jingjing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background To investigate the health literacy level and health promotion effect of hepatitis B prevention and treatment in the demonstration area of Zhejiang Province. Methods The National Science and Technology Major Health Education Group took 6 demonstration areas in Zhejiang Province as the whole research site. After the sample size (N=2160 people) was determined, a multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in 2018 (before health education) and 2019 (after health education). Stata 12 statistical software was used to analyse the status and improvement rate of hepatitis B health literacy of residents in the demonstration area before and after health education and compare the health promotion effects of different health intervention methods. Results Before health education, 2160 questionnaires were distributed, and 2033 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 94.1%. After health education, 2160 questionnaires were distributed, and 2142 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 99.17%. Before and after health education, there was no significant difference in the basic information of the subjects (P>0.05). After the health education intervention, the level of hepatitis B health literacy of residents in the demonstration area increased by 8.43%, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The awareness rate of hepatitis B transmission was low before health education but increased after health education. The form of "Internet +" health education may better improve the residents' health literacy level about hepatitis B prevention and treatment. Conclusion After health education, the level of health literacy of residents in the Zhejiang demonstration area about hepatitis B prevention and control significantly improved, but there is room for further improvement. In the future, targeted health education intervention should be carried out, and the health education mode of "Internet +" can achieve better results to effectively prevent and control hepatitis B.
Diagnostic accuracy of HIV Viral Load as a marker for Cryptococcal Antigenemia screening at a tertiary hospital in Uganda
Authors: Mukiza Nelson , Nakalega Rita , Nakanjako Lydia , Ndikuno Cynthia , Kataike Hajira , Mirembe Damalie , Oceng Ronald , Ssenkusu John M. , Nakku-Joloba Edith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM), is the second leading cause of HIV-related mortality in Uganda after TB. A CD4 cell count triggered CRAG screening algorithm and pre-emptive therapy is the mainstay of prevention of CM. The recent absolution of routine CD4 monitoring for stable patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has shifted this trigger to suspected virological failure.Objective: To assess the performance of Viral Load (VL) as a marker for CRAG screening among patients on HAART at an HIV clinic in Mulago National Referral HospitalMethods: This was a cross sectional diagnostic study conducted at the Baylor Uganda Centre of Excellence HIV clinic in Mulago National Referral hospital. Records of 798 HIV positive patients aged 10 years and above, on HAART for at least 6month, with at least one viral load and a corresponding serum CRAG done between January 2017 and December 2018 were extracted from the Electronic Medical Records. The test under evaluation was a VL cut-off of greater or equal to 1000cp/ml (suspected treatment failure) and the Gold standard was Serum CRAG Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Likelihood ratio positive, likelihood ratio negative and the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were then determined using 2x2 contingency tables and ROC curve analysis. Results: Prevalence of CRAG using the gold standard was 0.6% (95%CI: 0.2-1.5). The sensitivity and specificity of VL≥1000cp/ml as a marker for CRAG were 20% (95%CI: 2.1-74.4) and 99.4% (95%CI: 98.4-99.8) respectively. The Area under the ROC curve was 0.56 (95%CI: 0.29-0.82). The likelihood ratio positive and negative were 1.0. The optimal VL cut-off was VL≥49cp/ml with a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 53%. Conclusion: In populations with low CRAG prevalence, treatment failure (VL≥1000cp/ml) is not a good marker for CRAG screening. A more conservative cut-off of 49cp/ml may be considered were resources allow.
3D liver model-based patient education improves satisfaction &amp; comprehension in liver surgery - a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Giehl-Brown Esther , Dennler Sandra , Garcia Sebastian , Seppelt Danilo , Oehme Florian , Schweipert Johannes , Weitz Jürgen , Riediger Carina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hepatobiliary surgery is technically challenging due to a complex internal anatomy, further amplified by recent advancements in resection techniques. 3D visualization of the liver has been proven to facilitate comprehension of the spatial relationship between anatomical structures and to assist in clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational and satisfiable value of individual 3D-printed liver models during surgical education.
In this prospective, monocentric, randomized, controlled trial, n=40 patients, undergoing liver surgery, were enrolled and either randomized to standard (control group) or 3D liver model-enhanced (3D-LiMo) education before surgery. Primary endpoint was patient satisfaction following surgical education. Secondary endpoints included patients’ apprehension and satisfaction in the ongoing process, occurrence of postoperative complications as well as length of hospital stay.
Patients in the 3D-LiMo group were more likely to feel very thoroughly educated and exhibited a higher level of satisfaction following surgical education than the control group (80 vs. 55%, n.s.; 90% vs. 65%, n.s.; respectively). Applying 3D models was also associated with enhanced understanding of the underlying disease with regard to amount (100% vs. 70%, p=0.020) and location of liver masses (95% vs. 65%, p=0.044). 3D-LiMo patients also demonstrated enhanced understanding of the surgical procedure (80% vs. 55%, n.s.), leading to better awareness for the occurrence of postoperative complications (88.9%, vs. 68.4%, p=0.052).
In conclusion, individual 3D printed liver models increase patient satisfaction with surgical education and facilitate patients’ understanding of the surgical procedure as well as awareness of postoperative complications.
MRI-based Delta-Radiomic Features for Prediction of Local Control in Liver Lesions Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Jin Will H , Simpson Garrett N , Dogan Nesrin , Spieler Benjamin , Portelance Lorraine , Yang Fei , Ford John C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose/Objectives: Real-time magnetic resonance image guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (MRgSBRT) is used to treat abdominal tumors. Longitudinal data is generated from daily setup images. Our study aimed to identify delta radiomic texture features extracted from these images to predict for local control in patients with liver tumors treated with MRgSBRT. Materials/Methods: Retrospective analysis of an IRB-approved database identified patients treated with MRgSBRT for primary liver and secondary metastasis histologies. Daily low field strength (0.35 T) images were retrieved, and the gross tumor volume was identified on each image. Next, images’ gray levels were equalized, and 39 second-order texture features were extracted. Delta-radiomics were calculated as the difference between feature values on the initial scan and after delivered biological effective doses (BED, α/β = 10) of 20 Gy and 40 Gy. Then, features were ranked by the Gini Index during training of a random forest model. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated using a bootstrapped logistic regression with the top two features.Results: We identified 22 patients for analysis. The median dose delivered was 50 Gy in 5 fractions. The top two features identified after delivery of BED 20 Gy (1 fraction) were gray level co-occurrence matrix features energy and gray level size zone matrix based large zone emphasis. The model generated an AUC = 0.9011 (0.752–1.0) during bootstrapped logistic regression. The same two features were selected after delivery of a BED 40 Gy, with an AUC = 0.716 (0.600–0.786).Conclusions: Delta-radiomic features after a single fraction of SBRT predicted local control in this exploratory cohort. If confirmed in larger studies, these features may identify patients with radioresistant disease and provide an opportunity for physicians to alter management much sooner than standard restaging after 3 months. Expansion of the patient database is warranted for further analysis of delta-radiomic features.