bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of vacuum heat treatment on the pore structure of earlywood and latewood of larch
Authors: Sun Bailing , Su Yingying , Wang Xiaoqing , Chai Yubo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To investigate the changes in the pore structure of earlywood and latewood (EW and LW) in larch during the heat treatment process, this study applied nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) to measure wood pore characteristics. Wood samples were heat treated within a vacuum atmosphere at temperatures between 180 and 220 °C for 6 h. Analysis conducted on nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicated that the micropores and mesopores in the cell walls were present in both untreated and heat-treated EW and LW, and that the mesopores appeared as slit-shaped pores. More pores were detected in EW compared to LW, and these primarily absorbed in the range of 1.5–4 nm. Compared with the untreated wood, the total pore volume of treated wood decreased with increasing temperatures, with decreased pore volumes at 220 °C of 63 and 42% for EW and LW, respectively. The MIP results showed a greater porosity of EW compared to LW. Compared with the untreated wood, the porosity of heat-treated EW and LW first increased with increasing temperature, and then decreased at 220 °C. For treatment temperatures lower than 200 °C, heat treatment increased the proportion of macropores with pore sizes in the ranges of 100–1000 nm and 10,000–40,000 nm.
Clinical implications of anti-idiotype antibodies in COVID-19
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Misra Saurav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Idiotype-based therapeutics have failed to deliver their promise, necessitating rethinking of the concept and its potential to develop a viable immunotherapy method. The idiotype based hypothesis is discussed in this paper in order to produce effective anti-idiotype vaccinations. Polyclonal anti-idiotype reagents have been shown to be more successful in animal models, and a better understanding of the immune response in humans supports the idea that polyclonal anti-idiotype vaccines will be more effective than monoclonal-based anti-idiotype vaccines. This innovative approach can be used to produce therapeutic antibodies in a Biotech-standard manner. The idiotype network has been tweaked in the lab to provide protection against a variety of microbiological diseases. Antibodies to image-idiotype antigens, both internal and non-internal, can elicit unique immune responses to antigens. The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-2) has presented a fantastic chance to use idiotype/anti-idiotype antibodies as a protective regimen, which might be used to treat COVID-19 patients. The development of various effective vaccinations has been crucial in the pandemic’s management, but their effectiveness has been limited. In certain healthy people, the development of viral variations and vaccinations can be linked to rare off-target or hazardous effects, such as allergic responses, myocarditis and immune-mediated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Many of these occurrences are most likely immune-mediated. The current analysis reveals successful idiotype/anti-idiotype antibody uses in a variety of viral illnesses, emphazising their importance in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analytische Untersuchungen zu ostgeorgischen Bronzeobjekten: Das Fallbeispiel Nazarlebi
Authors: Kunze René , Arnhold Simone , Mödlinger Marianne 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Verschiedene Funde lassen spätestens ab der Frühbronzezeit Kontakte zwischen dem Kaukasus und dem Vorderen Orient erwarten
Smith 2015; Ivanova 2012; Boehmer/Kossack 2000.
. Dem Zentral- und Südkaukasus kommt dabei aufgrund seines Rohstoffreichtums eine besondere Rolle zu. Der Bedarf an Metallen, Obsidian u. a. regte in der Bronzezeit weitreichenden Handel an, der bislang jedoch noch nicht ausreichend Gegenstand der Forschung war.
Vorangegangene Untersuchungen zeigten bereits für die Bronzezeit im Zentralkaukasus eine Herausbildung von komplexen Gesellschaften mit strukturierten Siedlungen
Sagona 2018.
, die sich am Beispiel der Forschungen in Armenien besonders im Bereich nahegelegener mineralischer Ressourcen, wie z. B. von Gold, Kupfererz und Obsidian, gruppieren
Kunze et al. 2011; 2013.
. Der derzeitige Forschungsstand in Georgien, insbesondere in Ostgeorgien, erlaubt eine ähnliche Aussage noch nicht und stellt vor allem für den Bereich des östlichen (Zentral-)Kaukasus ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. Die Verteilung bronzezeitlicher Fundstellen in Georgien wird bereits weitgehend in der Literatur diskutiert
Lordkipanidze 1991; Gambaschidze et al. 2001.
. Wie auch in Armenien befinden sich in Ostgeorgien zahlreiche bronzezeitliche Siedlungen von zum Teil mächtiger Ausdehnung. Darüber hinaus indizieren unter anderem komplexe Anlagen aus der Spätbronze-/Früheisenzeit, die als Heiligtümer angesprochen werden
Bukhrashvili et al. 2020; Pizchelauri 1984.
und keine direkten Siedlungsschichten beinhalten, dass sich auch in Ostgeorgien nach dem Ende der Mittelbronzezeit gesellschaftliche Veränderungen abzeichnen. Die Heiligtümer sind verbunden mit Massenniederlegungen von Metallobjekten, die mehrere hundert Einzelobjekte umfassen können
Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; Pizchelauri 1984.
.
Ziel einer von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (Az. 20.20.0.048AA) geförderten Regionalstudie zur Metallnutzung und -verarbeitung war es daher, die bereits begonnene Untersuchung der Metalldistribution auf eine breitere Basis zu stellen. Zur Verfügung standen Metallobjekte aus einem aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojekt
Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; 2022.
, so dass erstmals in der Region umfangreiche Probenserien an gut datierbaren Befunden genommen und geochemisch charakterisiert werden konnten. Sie versprechen sowohl aufgrund ihrer Stratigrafie als auch 14C-Datierungen grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur chronologischen Entwicklung der Metalldistribution und Indizien zur Herkunft des benötigten Erzes.
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation ameliorated post-ovulatory oocyte quality decline
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Huan , Xu Jianmin , Zeng Xinxin , Sun Yingpu , Yang Qingling 
Published: October 2022

In brief
Oocyte quality and its NAD+ level decrease with time during in vitro culture. This study shows that nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation improves early embryonic development potential in post-ovulatory oocytes by decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reducing DNA damage and apoptosis which could potentially increase the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Abstract
The quality of post-ovulatory oocytes deteriorates over time, impacting the outcome of early embryonic development during human ART. We and other groups have found that NAD+, a prominent redox cofactor and enzyme substrate, decreases in both aging ovaries and oocytes. In this study, we found that the NAD+ levels decreased in the post-ovulatory mouse oocytes during in vitro culture and this decrease was partly prevented by NR supplementation. NR treatmenty restored MII oocyte quality and enhanced the early embryonic development potential of post-ovulatory oocytes via alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining normal spindle/chromosome structure. Also, treatment with NR decreased ROS levels and reduced DNA damage and apoptosis in post-ovulatory oocytes. Taken together, our findings indicated that NR supplementation increases the oocyte quality and early embryonic development potential in post-ovulatory oocytes which could potentially increase the success rate of ART.
Knowledge and attitudes of Mexican dentists regarding COVID-19
Authors: Bermeo-Escalona Josué Roberto , Cerda-Cristerna Bernardino Isaac 
Published: October 2022

Dentists have a high risk of contracting COVID-19, they needed to be aware of the major challenge that represents the dental practice and COVID-19. Accordingly, this study aimed: 1) to investigate the knowledge of dentists regarding COVID-19, 2) to investigate the attitudes of dentists concerning the use of personal protective equipment and, 3) to investigate the attitudes of dentists on stopping their dental practices in the framework of a contingency plan for the COVID-19 outbreak. An online cross-sectional survey was applied to dentists (n=822). Dentists in Mexico answered the survey, which was administered before the contingency plan for the COVID-19 outbreak. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with a Chi-square test (P≤0.05). Of the respondents, 99% of dentists indicated knowing what COVID-19 is, knowing most, but not all, of its signs and symptoms and knowing its mode of transmission. The 89% of dentists indicated that they always used personal protective equipment. But they did not use always wear face masks, protective eyewear, face shields, disposable gowns, and caps. Dentists were aware of the risk of performing dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. The 90% of dentists indicated that they would treat only patients requiring emergency treatment, and 10% indicated that they would not treat any patients. The dentists had limited knowledge about the COVID-19 disease. They did not use personal protective equipment consistently, and they indicated that they might continue working during the COVID-19 outbreak.
When not to use machine learning: A perspective on potential and limitations
Authors: Carbone Matthew R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The unparalleled success of artificial intelligence (AI) in the technology sector has catalyzed an enormous amount of research in the scientific community. It has proven to be a powerful tool, but as with any rapidly developing field, the deluge of information can be overwhelming, confusing, and sometimes misleading. This can make it easy to become lost in the same hype cycles that have historically ended in the periods of scarce funding and depleted expectations known as AI winters. Furthermore, although the importance of innovative, high-risk research cannot be overstated, it is also imperative to understand the fundamental limits of available techniques, especially in young fields where the rules appear to be constantly rewritten and as the likelihood of application to high-stakes scenarios increases. In this article, we highlight the guiding principles of data-driven modeling, how these principles imbue models with almost magical predictive power, and how they also impose limitations on the scope of problems they can address. Particularly, understanding when not to use data-driven techniques, such as machine learning, is not something commonly explored, but is just as important as knowing how to apply the techniques properly. We hope that the discussion to follow provides researchers throughout the sciences with a better understanding of when said techniques are appropriate, the pitfalls to watch for, and most importantly, the confidence to leverage the power they can provide.

Graphical abstract
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY: DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF A RAILWAY ENGINEER
Authors: Rimskaya O. N. , Parkhaev A. A. , Chomova N. A. 
Published: October 2022

Scientific and technological progress amid the process of global digitalisation has prompted the demand for professions in relevant fields such as logistics, analytics, agriculture, industrial manufacturing, transport, and primarily for engineering and technical workers. Russian railways require not only physical infrastructure, but also digital skills of its operation by engineering and technical workers in order to integrate into the digital economy. The aim of the article is to study modern requirements for the professional competencies of railway engineers, primarily their digital literacy and the ability to work with special software. The authors mention the need for an engineer to have softskills and hardskills. The article provides a list of the main software complexes that are included in the special digital competencies of a railway engineer.The authors of the article through the example of railway transport, describe the directions of digitalisation of railway transport, which is a link between the branches of the national and partly global economy. The emphasise the advanced development of scientific and technological progress in the transport industry – the “Digital Railway” project, which generates related tasks, one of which is the modern training of engineering personnel and the consolidation of digital competencies and metaskills in professional standards.
STRATEGY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: THE EFFECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF SMART MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Ilkevich S. V. 
Published: October 2022

The socio-economic effects from the introduction of smart manufacturing technologies are of significant interest in terms of their generalisation and systematisation at the current stage of the digital transformation on industrial enterprises, as well as the objectives in the context of industrial modernization and new business model development. The proposed systematisation is based on the allocation of three groups of socio-economic effects according to the main direction of their action. The first group of effects primarily leads to reduction in the costs of industrial enterprises. The second group of effects leads mainly to an increase in revenues: some effects to a greater extent in the short and medium term, others in the long term, including through the creation of long-term distinctive capabilities, unique competencies, and sustainable competitive advantages for industrial companies. The third group of effects includes social and economic effects that are broader in focus and have a multiplicative effect, as well as the character of positive externalities (external effects).As a result of systematisation, the author identified in three groups, respectively, 12, 8 and 13 effects from the implementation of the complex of smart manufacturing technologies. The author stresses the particular importance of studying the socio-economic effects from the implementation of smart manufacturing technologies, since many improvements at the intersection of production and social transformation are currently insufficiently studied. It contrasts to the core production effects, many of which have been studied in sufficient detail by the scientific and expert communities. Systematisation, classification, differentiation and quantitative assessment of various socio-economic effects of the complex of smart manufacturing technologies can and even in a certain sense should (in the context of the tasks to modernise the economy and industries of the Russian Federation) become a separate subject area at the intersection of performance management and smart production.
Predictive Models for ABS and TPMS based on Gaussian Naïve Bays
Authors: Vanjire Sachin , Patil Sanjay 
Published: October 2022

The car industry is currently preoccupied with the issue of safety. The increasing number of accidents occurring around the world as a result of automobile problems is a major contributing factor to these incidents. The amount of complicated electronics that is used in vehicles is becoming more prevalent every day. A great effort has been made in evaluating vehicle features in relation to vehicle components. Through such systems, a smart architecture and complex function designs are involved. During all of this vehicle transformation and evolution, the automotive industry recognises a high demand for vehicle safety. While designing and manufacturing this system, automotive experts understand a need for a strict monitoring and feedback system for complex vehicle architecture, which can notify the end user if there is any indication of a failure ahead of time.
In order to effectively participate in vehicle design activities, it is critical to grasp the significance of safety features. Tire system failures and braking system failures have played a large role in several recent traffic accidents. The failures of the tyre system and the braking system in the vehicle are addressed in this study. While investigating this system, it is discovered that it is supported by complex electrical systems, which include an ECU (electronic controller unit), sensors, and a wire system.
Through the use of these technologies, censored data can be processed in a timely manner and made available for diagnostic purposes. Nevertheless, car diagnostics is needed after any vehicle failure but that does not serve the aim of maintaining vehicle safety. As a result, predictive analysis or predictive diagnostics may be a viable option for informing the driver about the health of a particular vehicle component in advance. In this study, the author discusses the concepts of vehicle prognostics for the tyre pressure monitor system and the antilock braking system, which are accomplished using a statistical method of machine learning. In today's world, machine learning is expanding in breadth, and the world is becoming more aware of its enormous potential in the field of data analytics. It is the purpose of this study to introduce methodologies by which machine learning can assist vehicle predictive analytics to attain the intended goal of vehicle safety.The author of this article discusses how Bayesian statistics may be used to produce predictions in the form of probability estimation. The prediction's outcome is thoroughly analysed.
SÍNDROME ALCOÓLICA FETAL – CONSEQUÊNCIAS E DIAGNÓSTICO
Authors: Mota Ivanise Correia da Silva 
Published: October 2022

A Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal (SAF) corresponde a um conjunto de sinais e sintomas presentes no concepto devido a ingestão excessiva de álcool durante a gestação. Suas manifestações consistem desde abortos espontâneos, malformações generalizadas, retardo mental e transtornos a interferências comportamentais. Devido ao escasso número de registros, este estudo objetivou clarear as características e diagnóstico da SAF, estabelecendo pormenorizadamente sua influência na vida da mulher atual. A metodologia aplicada foi de revisão da literatura através de livros, revistas específicas e bases eletrônicas Medline, LILACS, SciELO. Concluiu-se que a SAF é um problema de saúde pública, onde a mulher grávida deve ter consciência das consequências do abuso de álcool, evitando subdiagnóstico e incidência. É fundamental o desenvolvimento de programas específicos de alerta dos riscos, seja na gestação, seja na amamentação, frisando que a abstinência alcoólica é crucial para prevenção e eliminação de quaisquer danos ao feto exposto, independente da gesta anterior.
Palavras-chave: Alcoolismo. Consequências da SAF. Diagnóstico da SAF. Gestante. Síndrome alcoólica fetal.
Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference to height ratio predicts 10-year diabetes risk: the REACTION research
Authors: Lin Jie , Gui Jing , Xiang Xin , Wan Qin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the causative association between TyG-WHtR and newly diagnosed diabetes.
Patients and measurements: We organized a retrospective 10-year cohort study of 10150 Chinese adults. After screening out people who were not qualified, the TyG-WHtR level of 7130 participants was calculated in this study. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was performed to examine an increasing or decreasing trend across TyG-WHtR quartiles. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the possibility that it has a connection with diabetes.
Results: Within 10 years, 355 participates (4.98%) had new-onset diabetes. The TyG-WHtR index and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had a linear correlation, according to Cox regression analysis (HR = 2.798, 95% CI: 2.285 to 3.426, P < 0.001). In terms of sensitivity and specificity, the TyG-WHtR was found to be 73.52% and 62.60% accurate, respectively, with a 95% CI of 0.703–0.756. Additionally, TyG-WHtR-associated diabetes was substantially more prevalent in men, people aged 41 to 50, with a BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 and no hypertensive condition (P < 0.05).
Conclusions : TyG-WHtR might be an accurate indicator of future diabetes risk.
Application of soft computing approaches for modeling annular pressure loss of slim-hole wells in one of Iranian central oil fields
Authors: Jafarifar Iman , Abbasi Hassan , Kiani Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to have a better control over the drilling process and reduce the overall cost of this drilling operation, engineers have tried to use soft computing (SC) techniques to conduct the pre-estimation of drilling events. It is critically important to estimate the annular pressure losses (APL) for non-Newtonian drilling muds within annulus in order to specify pump rates and also to be able to choose the most appropriate mud pump systems while conducting the drilling operations. To develop the vigorous and exact models to enable the prediction of APL, two popular models were employed, i.e., multilayer perceptron (MLP) [optimized by levenberg-marquardt (LM), bayesian regularization (BR), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Resilient back propagation (RB), and broyden fletcher goldfarb shanno (BFGS)] and radial basis function (RBF). Subsequently, applying a committee machine intelligent system (CMIS), the four top models were combined into a unit paradigm. Several tools such as error distribution diagram, cross plot, trend analysis, and cumulative frequency diagram were used in conjunction with statistical calculation to assess the efficiency of models. Consequently, the CMIS model was introduced as the most exact technique which has the greatest coefficient of determination (R2 close to one) as well as the lowest root mean square error (RMSE close to zero) for the tested dataset.
CTLA4 + CD4 + CXCR5 - FOXP3 + T cells associate with unfavorable outcome in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Wen Chunhua , Dong Zheyu , Wang Yiyue , Ye Guofu , Ma Yanchen , Yi Xuan , Zhou Yang , Li Xiaoyi , Zheng Xinchun , Hou Jinlin , Li Yongyin , Tang Libo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, a new subset of CD4+FOXP3+cells expressing CXCR5, which exhibits a unique phenotype and function, has been identified in viral infections. In contrast, the role of CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cells in patients with chronic HBV infection remains unclear.
Methods
Treatment-naïve chronic HBV-infected patients, HBV-related hepatic failure, and a longitudinal cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment were enrolled for analysis of CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cell responses.
Results
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that circulating CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cells presented distinct inhibitory features compared to spleen tissue. Meanwhile, patients with treatment-naïve chronic HBV infection or with HBV-related hepatic failure showed an upregulation of immune-suppressive features (PD-1, CTLA4, GITR) on CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+T cells; in vitro analysis found HBeAg and HBcAg stimulation led to elevated levels of inhibitory molecules. Notably, the frequency of CTLA4+CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cells was positively correlated with HBV DNA levels, and longitudinal analysis demonstrated a high frequency of this subset at 12 weeks of antiviral treatment predicted unfavorable outcome in CHB patients.
Conclusions
The CTLA4+CD4+CXCR5FOXP3+ T cells, regulated by HBV antigens, are related to unfavorable outcomes in HBV-infected patients; these data indicated that alleviating CTLA4+CD4+CXCR5FOXP3+ T cells may improve the prognosis of HBV infection.