bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence in the Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind
Authors: Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Adhikari L. , Telloni D. , Kasper J. C. , Stevens M. , Rahmati A. , Bale S. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) entered a region of sub-Alfvénic solar wind during encounter 8, and we present the first detailed analysis of low-frequency turbulence properties in this novel region. The magnetic field and flow velocity vectors were highly aligned during this interval. By constructing spectrograms of the normalized magnetic helicity, cross-helicity, and residual energy, we find that PSP observed primarily Alfvénic fluctuations, a consequence of the highly field-aligned flow that renders quasi-2D fluctuations unobservable to PSP. We extend Taylor’s hypothesis to sub- and super-Alfvénic flows. Spectra for the fluctuating forward and backward Elsässer variables (
z

±, respectively) are presented, showing that
z

+ modes dominate
z

− by an order of magnitude or more, and the
z

+ spectrum is a power law in frequency (parallel wavenumber) f
−3/2 (

k

∥

−
3

/

2

) compared to the convex
z

− spectrum with f
−3/2 (

k

∥

−
3

/

2

) at low frequencies, flattening around a transition frequency (at which the nonlinear and Alfvén timescales are balanced) to f
−1.25 at higher frequencies. The observed spectra are well fitted using a spectral theory for nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics assuming a wavenumber anisotropy

k

⊥

∼

k

∥

3

/

4

, that the
z

+ fluctuations experience primarily nonlinear interactions, and that the minority
z

− fluctuations experience both nonlinear and Alfvénic interactions with
z

+ fluctuations. The density spectrum is a power law that resembles neither the
z

± spectra nor the compressible magnetic field spectrum, suggesting that these are advected entropic rather than magnetosonic modes and not due to the parametric decay instability. Spectra in the neighboring modestly super-Alfvénic intervals are similar.
Toward Detecting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Planetary Objects with ORIGIN
Authors: Kipfer K. A. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Bouwman J. , Schwander L. , Grimaudo V. , de Koning C. P. , Boeren N. J. , Keresztes Schmidt P. , Lukmanov R. , Tulej M. , Wurz P. , Riedo A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found on various planetary surfaces in the solar system. They are proposed to play a role in the emergence of life, as molecules that are important for biological processes could be derived from them. In this work, four PAHs (pyrene, perylene, anthracene, and coronene) were measured using the ORganics Information Gathering INstrument system (ORIGIN), a lightweight laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometer designed for space exploration missions. In this contribution, we demonstrate the current measurement capabilities of ORIGIN in detecting PAHs at different concentrations and applied laser pulse energies. Furthermore, we show that chemical processing of the PAHs during measurement is limited and that the parent mass can be detected in the majority of cases. The instrument achieves a 3σ detection limit in the order of femtomol mm−2 for all four PAHs, with the possibility of further increasing this sensitivity. This work illustrates the potential of ORIGIN as an instrument for the detection of molecules important for the emergence or presence of life, especially when viewed in combination with previous results by the instrument, such as the identification of amino acids. ORIGIN could be used on a lander or rover platform for future in situ missions to targets in the solar system, such as the icy moons of Jupiter or Saturn.
Hepatitis C in several risk groups of Kosovo
Authors: Rashiti-Bytyci Albiona , Ramadani Naser , Rashiti Premtim 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Infections with hepatitis C are on the rise. The statistics on the general population of Kosovo infected with hepatitis C is lacking. The study tends to detect sero-prevalence in the following risk groups: haemodialysis patients; patients of surgical units, internal medicine units, and mental health units; HIV-diagnosed patients, health professionals, and women in the prenatal period. A number of institutions, providers of medical care to these groups' patients, have been targeted.
Methodology: A total of 378 samples were collected from various institutions, with 347 of them being tested for anti-HCV and 31 being tested for RT-PCR assays.
Results: From the total of 387 samples, 72 samples (19.05%) resulted positive. The highest number was recorded in haemodialysis centres. In other groups, a low prevalence was recorded.
Conclusions: The study can conclude that high prevalence of HCV infection still remains a major health problem, especially in haemodialysis centres. In the future, it is planned to expand the study in the future to include other risk categories or the entire population.
The potential role of the combined PARP-1 and VEGF inhibition in severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection
Authors: Lampropoulou Dimitra Ioanna , Bala Vanessa Meletia , Zerva Eleni , Pliakou Evangelia , Filippou Dimitrios , Gazouli Maria , Aravantinos Gerasimos 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: During the evolution of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, several drug candidates have been proposed for repositioning towards a quest for more effective treatments.
Methodology: We reviewed recent literature (Pubmed, Google, Clinicaltrials.gov), as of the middle of May 2021, for evidence regarding the potential benefit from poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results: poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors have been suggested as potential agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by a variety of mechanisms. vascular endothelial growth factor-associated vascular permeability is implicated with increased vascular leakage and pulmonary oedema. Thus, anti-angiogenesis factors, such as bevacizumab are being investigated in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: The synergistic potential of these two classes of inhibitors in severe COVID-19 management could be beneficial. Further research should be carried out in order to support this hypothesis.
A new toad species of the genus Brachytarsophrys Tian &amp; Hu, 1983 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Li Shize , Liu Jing , Yang Guiping , Wei Gang , Su Haijun 
Published: February 2022

The toads of the genus Brachytarsophrys Tian &amp; Hu, 1983 are distributed in southern China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos and northern Thailand. Seven species of the genus have been recognised, of which five of them are known from China so far.
Brachytarsophrys qiannanensis sp. nov., a new species of the short-legged toad genus is here described from southern Guizhou Province, China. Diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and comparisons with its congeners are provided. Its validity is also affirmed by its distinct mitochondrial gene sequence divergence with all congeners and its monophyly recovered in the mitochondrial gene-based phylogenetic analyses.
Journalistes et revues féministes anarchistes en Italie au début du XX e siècle
Authors: Fournier-Finocchiaro Laura 
Published: February 2022

Après un bref aperçu de la participation des femmes écrivaines à la presse anarchiste en Italie au début du xx e siècle, l’article examine les grandes idées développées dans les premières revues féminines anarchistes publiés en Italie, La Donna libertaria (1912-1913) et L’Alba libertaria (1915). Outre à inciter les femmes à participer à la lutte anticapitaliste et antimilitariste, les revues féminines anarchistes montrent une certaine ouverture aux problèmes des femmes, en formulant notamment des prises de position originales sur la maternité et le contrôle des naissances par la contraception. Les revues accusent en même temps les compagnons anarchistes d’avoir négligé l’élément féminin au sein du mouvement et entendent lutter contre l’antiféminisme de tous bords.
Les deux visages de la subversion
Authors: Gutiérrez Romero María de los Ángeles , Herrero Javier 
Published: February 2022

Les études de la presse féminine espagnole ont laissé dans l’ombre les revues publiées pendant la Deuxième République espagnole, à peine mentionnées dans les manuels d’histoire de la presse jusque très récemment. Pourtant, ces revues fournissent des informations précieuses, non seulement comme sources documentaires sur la vie quotidienne, mais en tant que véhicules de messages subversifs. Sur ce plan, elles iront jusqu’à couvrir des actualités d’une grande importance, telles que la montée du nazisme et arrivent même à contourner la censure pour donner la parole à des personnalités d’un antirépublicanisme militant. L’un de leurs thèmes privilégié sera l’arrivée du prototype de « femme moderne » qui suscite de nombreux débats sur la transgression esthétique et comportementale des femmes. De là, on en vient facilement à aborder d’autres sujets comme la famille, la patrie ou la religion, dont la représentation parmi les publications n’est en rien unanime : on y entrevoit un vif débat entre tradition et modernité.
Écrire pour reconquérir son corps
Authors: Garrido y Saez Victoria 
Published: February 2022

Fondée par Lidia Falcón et Carmen Alcalde en 1976, Vindicación Feminista est la revue phare du féminisme espagnol de deuxième vague. Dans un pays qui sort tout juste de trente-six ans de dictature national-catholique, le magazine détonne. Moderne et irrévérencieux, il aborde sans scrupule ni tabou des thèmes comme l’homosexualité, la diversité du plaisir féminin ou la prostitution. Il s’engage également dans les grandes batailles féministes de l’époque : dépénalisation de l’adultère et de la contraception, accès au divorce, avortement libre, etc., car l’un des objectifs de Vindicación est la reconquête du corps féminin, indûment accaparé par la dictature franquiste. Pour le magazine, il est impératif que les femmes redeviennent maîtresses de leur corps mais aussi des mots pour le dire. En effet, dans les années 1970, le monde politique et médiatique est essentiellement dominé par les hommes. Ainsi, c’est à travers la voix de l’autre que les femmes appréhendent leurs chairs. Les journalistes de Vindicación s’arment donc de leur plume afin de se réapproprier cette intimité confisquée. L’article se propose d’étudier le discours du corps et de l’intime dans Vindicación entre 1976 et 1982, période de parution du mensuel. L’objectif est de comprendre comment l’écriture a pu servir d’arme pour récupérer le contrôle, non seulement sur le corps des femmes, mais aussi sur les mots pour le définir. Il s’agira pour cela d’examiner les thèmes choisis, l’angle abordé, le style d’écriture, le degré de proximité avec la lectrice et le profil des autrices. En quoi cette revue collective, dont la diffusion a été si confidentielle durant sa courte existence, est-elle devenue la référence du féminisme espagnol de deuxième vague le plus avant-gardiste ? L’article tâchera de montrer que Vindicación révolutionne le discours sur les femmes en déconstruisant les codes de représentation, en libérant les corps et en créant un espace d’expression solidaire.
Intégration des patients enseignants dans les études de médecine
Authors: Maury Arnaud , Berkesse Alexandre , Lucas Gilles , Mouriaux Frédéric , Allory Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

Introduction : Dans un contexte sociétal favorable à l’engagement des patients, la littérature scientifique abonde d’arguments pour le développement des patients enseignants. Toutefois, peu de travaux ont objectivé les pratiques actuelles et les obstacles au développement du partenariat avec les patients par les médecins enseignants. But de l’étude : L’objectif de notre travail était de mesurer les pratiques, les freins et les attentes des médecins enseignants de l’UFR de médecine de Rennes en 2019 vis-à-vis du patient enseignant. Méthode : Étude observationnelle quantitative transversale monocentrique par questionnaire en ligne adressé à 565 enseignants. L’engagement des patients a été gradué en quatre niveaux selon le cadre théorique de Pomey allant de l’utilisation de données du patient à la coconstruction des enseignements. Résultats : Le taux de participation des enseignants était de 23 % ( n = 128). Les profils des répondants étaient variés sur l’âge, la spécialité et le statut. Parmi eux, 35 ont déclaré intégrer les patients aux enseignements dont 4 disaient coconstruire un enseignement avec les patients. Parmi les 93 médecins ne faisant pas intervenir les patients, les principaux freins étaient la méconnaissance du partenariat patient (60 %), la sélection du patient (36 %) et le manque de temps (21 %). Le rôle des patients en tant qu’enseignant n’était pas remis en question. Conclusions : Cette première étude décrivant le partenariat du point de vue académique permet d’identifier les obstacles et les leviers à mobiliser pour développer le partenariat patient dans l’enseignement en médecine.
Penser au singulier [1984]
Authors: Dampierre Éric de 
Published: February 2022

Il y a plus d’un demi-siècle, un célèbre ouvrage d’E. E. Evans-Pritchard, consacré à l’étude de la causalité et de la divination, attirait à nouveau l’attention sur les sociétés zandé et nzakara. Le présent travail se propose de prolonger ces analyses, toujours à partir de recherches conduites sur place, en Afrique centrale.On essaie d’y montrer que, pour ces sociétés, rien n’est identique ; qu’une infinité d’existants singuliers, hiérarchisés à l’infini, s’accommode d’un univers foisonnant de causes ; que l’« œil du destin » (Zạ̀gị kánà !) — ou du monde — confirme ces êtres dans leur hiérarchie, qui est leur lien ; que tout ce qui n’est pas constitué tel est désordre du monde et, littéralement, vain ; que l’action de l’homme peut seule instituer l’identité, composer avec les différences et, de surcroît, donner aux conséquences un sens.[rabat de première de couverture]
Un procès en légitimité. Adolphe Thiers. La Commune et les fondements démocratiques de la République
Authors: Sawyer Stephen W. 
Published: February 2022

Il reste quelque chose de trouble au fond du dossier Thiers en 1871. Quelle était sa responsabilité, et comment la déterminer ? Depuis la Commune, le cadre privilégié pour penser le rôle de Thiers, surtout lors de la semaine sanglante de mai 1871, est le procès historiographique. A maintes reprises, l’instruction a évalué la culpabilité de Thiers. Cet article ajoute des nouveaux éléments clés, surtout du point de vue de la pensée politique et juridique de Thiers, longtemps ignorée. Cet article se permet aussi un regard meta-historiographique qui interroge la mise en récit du rapport entre Thiers et la Commune sur le mode du procès. Vu l’impératif de renouveler sans cesse une discussion qui touche, d’un côté, au bien-fondé d’une Commune révolutionnaire et, de l’autre, au devenir du premier pouvoir exécutif de la République démocratique, la question est de savoir s’il ne s’agit pas d’un procès en légitimité. En ce sens, les verdicts en appel permanents venant statuer sur le rôle de Thiers dans le déroulement de la Commune sont aussi un lieu privilégié pour penser les contours du pouvoir exécutif dans la démocratie contemporaine en France.
Reliability and Validity of Peer Assessment at Tutorless PBL Classes
Authors: Aung H. L. , Tashiro Y. , Morio K. , Hori H. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Learning behaviors in PBL and team-based learning (TBL) at Mie University Faculty of Medicine have been measured with peer assessments in addition to tutor assessments. The change in class components posed a question on reliability of peer assessments at tutorless sessions in TBL. Methods: Correlations between peer and tutor assessments in the PBL program comprised of tutor and tutorless sessions were analyzed with data from 377 students. The three domains for student’s performance, “self-learning in preparation”, “active participation in group discussion” and “cooperative attitude at group work”, were collected at 4 UNITs with the formal PBL and at 4 UNITs with the mixture of PBL and TBL. Results: No statistically significant difference between peer and tutor assessments was found in all three domains in units with the mixture of PBL and TBL. The correlation analysis between peer and tutor assessments in units with the mixture of PBL and TBL demonstrated strong positive correlations in self-learning in preparation (r=0.62) and in active participation in group discussion (r= 0.63), and a weak positive correlation in cooperative attitude at group works (r=0.35). Discussion: This study revealed that students evaluated their group-peers at the units comprised of both tutor and tutorless sessions similarly to those comprised of only tutor sessions. Peer assessments were well correlated with tutors’ assessment at the units comprised of tutor and tutorless session. Our study suggests that TBL might be expanded in the situation where teaching resource is limited.
The Culture of Giving Feedback in Health Professional Education: Reflection of Medical Educators on Effective Feedback Behavior
Authors: Shrestha R. , Sethi S. , Kaur D. , Kingsley P. A. , Chavda P. D. , Moudgil T. , Sharma M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Despite the fact that feedback improves learner performance, the feedback culture remains primitive. This paper explores the feedback behavior from a medical educator perspective. Furthermore, we explored the specific areas of improvement and attempts to suggest solutions to develop an effective feedback culture. Methods: The personal experience and opinion of 33 medical educators from 20 medical institutions of India and one each from Nepal and Sudan on feedback were analyzed with mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. The response to an online self-assessment form and the individual narratives during online discussion were analyzed. Finally, their suggestions on way forward to implementation of an effective feedback culture was summarized. Results: On average 78% of the participants reported having followed the action mentioned in the checklist. Vague terms for giving feedback were used by 18 (54.5 %), and only 15 (45.5%) planned for a specific time frame for student’s reassessment. During deductive thematic analysis, the themes “preparation before feedback”, “elicitation of feedback from the learner”, “feedback delivery”, “improvement plan after feedback”, “application of feedback”, and “review of feedback” were expressed. The proposed strategies for the implementation of effective feedback are summarized under the main headings of to whom, what, where, when, and how. Conclusion: Results emphasize that a culture of continuous and effective feedback should be nurtured in medical education by training the faculties to deliver effective feedback and sensitizing the learners to self-reflect and receive the feedback as it is critical to the achievement of the predefined competency.
A Comparative Study of Online Medical Procedure Learning via Video Versus Text Modalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kritsanaviparkporn C. , Kitcharoen N. , Yimcharoen N. , Thaweesuk S. , Maneerit S. , Treesirichod A. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Online learning has become the alternative in medical education during the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to compare the efficacy of utilizing video and text modalities in knowledge acquisition of a new clinical procedure in medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods: The target population were recruited via convenience sampling and allocated by simple randomization. The chosen clinical procedure was knee arthrocentesis, which participants with prior experience were excluded. Participants were instructed to either watch a demonstration video or read a transcribed manuscript once, before answering 10 multiple choice questions on the procedure. Outcome measure was the average test score in each group.
Results: Demographic characteristics were comparable between the research arms (video n= 56, text n=59). The median score of the video group (median = 8, IQR 7-9) was statistically higher than the text group (median = 6, IQR 4-8) (p
Optimization of Al Heavy Wire Bonds Bond profile in WBG Power Module Design
Authors: Mehrotra Utkarsh , Morgan Adam J. , Hopkins Douglas C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Wide-Band Gap (WBG) semiconductors, such as SiC and GaN, have accelerated the ability to shrink the volumetric size and weight of power conversion systems by optimizing at the module level, due to their inherent high frequency, high temperature and high voltage capabilities. Power electronic module components, specifically flexible welded interconnects, behave like transmission lines at higher frequencies. Therefore, interconnects contribute to the power losses within the power module, and ultimately affect overall efficiency. Voltage and current overshoots and insertion/return losses and phenomena such as proximity and skin effect will also have a noticeable effect on the performance of the module as device switching is pushed into mid to high MHz range. Thus, to aid in design and development of advanced power modules this paper using FEA multiphysics solvers will firstly study the current carrying capacity and fusing time of different diameter Al heavy wire bonds interconnects. Then for a rated current, the multiple wire bond profile is considered to mitigate the negative effects from the fastest rising/fall edge of voltage and current switching high-frequency components. Characteristic impedance is then calculated using parasitic resistance and inductance for different wire bond profiles. The ultimate goal of the paper is to further the establishment of an evolution in thinking and designing when it comes to the WBG power electronic packaging practices and culture.
Intestinal microbiota profile in healthy Saudi children
Authors: El Mouzan Mohammad , Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman A. , Al Sarkhy Ahmed , Assiri Asaad , Alasmi Mona 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Knowledge of microbiota in health is essential for clinical research on the role of microbiota in disease. We aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota in healthy Saudi children.

Methods:
In this community-based study, stool samples were collected from a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy school children of Saudi origin. The samples were frozen at –80°C till analysis. Bacterial DNA was isolated and libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera XT library preparation kit. Unassembled sequencing reads were directly analyzed and quantified for each organism's relative abundance. The abundance for each organism was calculated and expressed as the average relative percentage from phyla to species.

Results:
The median age was 11.3 (range 6.8-15.4) years, and 35% of them were males. The three most abundant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria accounting for 49%, 26%, and 24%, respectively. The most abundant genera included Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Blautia accounting for 18.9%, 12.8%, and 8.2%, respectively. Finally, the most abundant species included 14 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides and nine species belonging to Bifidobacterium.

Conclusions:
The abundance of intestinal microbiome in healthy Saudi children is different from that of other populations. Further studies are needed to understand the causes of variation between populations, which might lead to new preventive methods and treatment strategies of diseases caused by microbial dysbiosis.