bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Classification of Resectability for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Ishii Takamichi , Nishio Takahiro , Koyama Yukinori , Ogiso Satoshi , Fukumitsu Ken , Uchida Yoichiro , Ito Takashi , Seo Satoru , Hata Koichiro , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundsIn the era of multidisciplinary treatment strategy, resectability for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be defined. This study aimed to propose and validate a resectability classification of HCC.MethodsWe proposed following the three groups; resectable‐(R), borderline resectable‐(BR), and unresectable (UR)‐HCCs. Resectable two groups were sub‐divided according to the value of indocyanine green clearance of remnant liver (ICG‐Krem) and presence of macrovascular invasion (MVI); BR‐HCC was defined as resectable HCCs with MVI and/or ICG‐Krem≥0.03–<0.05, and R‐HCC was the remaining. Consecutive patients with HCC who underwent liver resection (LR) and non‐surgical treatment(s) (i.e., UR‐HCC) between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed to validate the proposed classification.ResultsA total of 361 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, R‐, BR‐ and UR‐HCC were found in 251, 46, and 64 patients, respectively. In patients with resected HCC, ICG‐Krem≥0.05 was associated with decreased risk of clinically relevant posthepatectomy liver failure (p=0.013) and the presence of MVI was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p<0.001). The 3–5‐years OS rates according to the proposed classification were 80.3, and 68.3% versus 51.4, and 35.6%, in the R and BR groups, respectively (both p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed BR‐HCC was independently associated with poorer OS (p<0.001) after adjusting for known tumor prognostic factors. Meanwhile, BR‐HCC was associated with benefit in terms of OS compared with UR‐HCC (p<0.001).ConclusionOur proposal of resectability for HCC allows for stratifying survival outcomes of HCC and may help to determine treatment strategy.
Abusive head trauma in small children — a single-centre experience in Finland
Authors: Salokorpi Niina , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Serlo Willy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a challenging condition from both a medical and legal perspective. The path of the patients differs significantly from those with noninflicted traumas. While treating these cases, it is essential that all history, information and treatment are comprehensively documented. This article describes the investigations and interventions necessary as soon as SBS is suspected. The Oulu University Hospital protocol for suspected child abuse is described. Authors also give an overview of the SBS path in Finland from the police and prosecution’s point of view.
The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces tissue sodium content in patients with chronic heart failure: results from a placebo-controlled randomised trial
Authors: Kolwelter Julie , Kannenkeril Dennis , Linz Peter , Jung Susanne , Nagel Armin M. , Bosch Agnes , Ott Christian , Bramlage Peter , Nöh Lisa , Schiffer Mario , Uder Michael , Achenbach Stephan , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardiovascular protective properties in addition to the metabolic effects and represent a cornerstone of treating patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesised that empagliflozin reduces tissue sodium content in patients with CHF.

Methods
In a double-blind, randomised (2:1), placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial, 74 patients with NYHA class II–III CHF and an ejection fraction of 49% or less received empagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo for 3 months. In each patient, tissue sodium content of the lower leg was assessed non-invasively by sodium-MRI (23Na-MRI) at baseline, after 1 and 3 months of treatment.

Results
After 1 and 3 months treatment with empagliflozin (n = 48), a significant decrease in skin sodium content was observed (1 month: 22.8 ± 6.1 vs. 21.6 ± 6.0 AU, p = 0.039; 3 months: 22.9 ± 6.1 vs. 21.6 ± 6.1 AU, p = 0.013), while there was no change in muscle sodium and muscle water content. In direct comparison, the change in skin sodium content between baseline and 3 months was − 1.3 ± 3.5 AU in the empagliflozin group versus 0.6 ± 3.5 AU in the placebo group (p for between-group difference = 0.022). No significant difference regarding change in muscle sodium and in muscle water content was observed after 3 months treatment between the two groups.

Conclusion
This trial showed a significant decrease in skin sodium content after 1 and 3 months of treatment with empagliflozin. The decrease in skin sodium content may reflect a decrease in subclinical micro-oedema or/and in non-osmotic bound tissue sodium, both reported to impair left ventricular function.

Trial registration number
NCT03128528 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Trial registration date
25th April 2017.
Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene
Authors: Moubarz Gehan , Saad-Hussein Amal , Shahy Eman M. , Mahdy-Abdallah Heba , Mohammed Atef M. F. , Saleh Inas A. , Abo-Zeid Mona A. M. , Abo-Elfadl Mahmoud T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Workers in secondary aluminum production plants are occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We aimed to monitor the concentrations of PAHs in air and in serum of workers at two secondary aluminum production plants. We also investigated the potential risk of lung cancer development among PAHs exposed workers with emphasis on the role of A1AT mutation and APEX1 gene polymorphisms.

Methods
This study included 177 workers from administrative departments and production lines. Blood samples were obtained for estimation of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide albumin adduct (BPDE-Alb adduct), anti-Cyclin-B1 marker (CCNB1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg). Genes’ polymorphism for human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEX1) and alpha-1-anti-trypsin (A1AT) gene mutation were detected.

Results
There was a significant increase in the level of BPDE-Alb adduct among exposed workers in comparison to non-exposed group. Moreover, 41.67% of exposed workers in El Tebbin had BPDE-Alb adduct level ≥ 15 ng/ml versus 29.6% of workers in Helwan factory. There was a significant increase in tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) among workers whose BPDE-Alb adduct ≥ 15 ng/ml. There was a significant increase in the level of BPDE-Alb adducts in exposed workers carrying homozygous APEX1 genotype Glu/Glu. Furthermore, exposed workers with the Glu/Glu genotype had high tumor markers levels. There was a significant increase in levels of BPDE-Alb adducts in workers carrying A1AT mutant allele. Moreover, workers with mutant A1AT genotype had significantly high tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) levels.

Conclusion
Therefore, we conclude that aluminum workers may be at a potential risk of lung cancer development due to PAHs exposure. Although PAHs concentrations in air were within the permissible limits, yet evidence of DNA damage was present as expressed by high BPDE-albumin adduct level in exposed workers. Also, elevation of tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) in exposed workers points to the importance of periodic biological monitoring of such workers to protect them from cancer risk.
Policy regularization for legible behavior
Authors: Persiani Michele , Hellström Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method to augment a Reinforcement Learning agent with legibility. This method is inspired by the literature in Explainable Planning and allows to regularize the agent’s policy after training, and without requiring to modify its learning algorithm. This is achieved by evaluating how the agent’s optimal policy may produce observations that would make an observer model to infer a wrong policy. In our formulation, the decision boundary introduced by legibility impacts the states in which the agent’s policy returns an action that is non-legible because having high likelihood also in other policies. In these cases, a trade-off between such action, and legible/sub-optimal action is made. We tested our method in a grid-world environment highlighting how legibility impacts the agent’s optimal policy, and gathered both quantitative and qualitative results. In addition, we discuss how the proposed regularization generalizes over methods functioning with goal-driven policies, because applicable to general policies of which goal-driven policies are a special case.
CmirC: an integrated database of clustered miRNAs co-localized with copy number variations in cancer
Authors: Ware Akshay Pramod , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Paul Bobby 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenomic rearrangements and copy number variations (CNVs) are the major regulators of clustered microRNAs (miRNAs) expression. Several clustered miRNAs are harbored in and around chromosome fragile sites (CFSs) and cancer-associated genomic hotspots. Aberrant expression of such clusters can lead to oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities. Here, we developed CmirC (Clustered miRNAs co-localized with CNVs), a comprehensive database of clustered miRNAs co-localized with CNV regions. The database consists of 481 clustered miRNAs co-localized with CNVs and their expression patterns in 35 cancer types of the TCGA. The portal also provides information on CFSs, miRNA cluster candidates, genomic coordinates, target gene networks, and gene functionality. The web portal is integrated with advanced tools such as JBrowse, NCBI-BLAST, GeneSCF, visNetwork, and NetworkD3 to help the researchers in data analysis, visualization, and browsing. This portal provides a promising avenue for integrated data analytics and offers additional evidence for the complex regulation of clustered miRNAs in cancer. The web portal is freely accessible at http://slsdb.manipal.edu/cmirclust to explore clinically significant miRNAs.
Nonlinear fiber-bundle-cells-based phenomenological modeling of human tissue samples
Authors: Vas László M. , Tamás Péter , Bognár Eszter , Nagy Péter , Késmárszky Róbert , Pap Károly , Szebényi Gábor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCertain assemblies of fibers, called fiber bundles, play a crucial role in the statistical macroscale properties of fibrous structures like natural or artificial materials. Based on the concept of using idealized statistical fiber bundle cells (FBCs) as model elements, the software named FiberSpace was developed by us earlier for the phenomenological modeling of the tensile test process of real fibrous structures. The model fibers of these FBCs had been considered linear elastic, which was suitable for modeling certain textiles and composites. However, the biological tissues are multilevel structures with fiber-like building elements on every structural level where the fiber elements on the dominant level are statistical bundles of elementary fibers. Hence, their modeling required us to introduce model fibers of nonlinear mechanical behavior and derive the proper mathematical formulas for the calculation of the expected tensile force processes of the FBCs. Accordingly, we developed a new version of FiberSpace. The proposed nonlinear FBCs-based modeling method is essentially phenomenological that decomposes the measured and averaged stress–strain curve into the weighted sum of the responses of different idealized nonlinear FBCs. However, this decomposition can give certain information about the fibrous structure and some details of its damage and failure sub-processes. A special application of nonlinear E-bundles, where the measured stress–strain curve is expanded into a product-function series, may give another type of description for the failure process and can be applied to single measurements of structured failure process containing significant peaks and drops as well. The fitted phenomenological FBC models provide a decomposition of the measured force–strain curve, which enables to construct informative damage and failure maps. The applicability of the phenomenological modeling method and the fitting procedure is demonstrated with the tensile test data of some human and animal tissues, such as facial nerves and tendons.
A three-dimensional whole-body model to predict human walking on level ground
Authors: Hu Dan , Howard David , Ren Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPredictive simulation of human walking has great potential in clinical motion analysis and rehabilitation engineering assessment, but large computational cost and reliance on measurement data to provide initial guess have limited its wide use. We developed a computationally efficient model combining optimization and inverse dynamics to predict three-dimensional whole-body motions and forces during human walking without relying on measurement data. Using the model, we explored two different optimization objectives, mechanical energy expenditure and the time integral of normalized joint torque. Of the two criteria, the sum of the time integrals of the normalized joint torques produced a more realistic walking gait. The reason for this difference is that most of the mechanical energy expenditure is in the sagittal plane (based on measurement data) and this leads to difficulty in prediction in the other two planes. We conclude that mechanical energy may only account for part of the complex performance criteria driving human walking in three dimensions.
Transient changes during microwave ablation simulation : a comparative shape analysis
Authors: Kernot Dale , Yang Jimmy , Williams Nicholas , Thomas Tudor , Ledger Paul , Arora Hari , van Loon Raoul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrowave ablation therapy is a hyperthermic treatment for killing cancerous tumours whereby microwave energy is dispersed into a target tissue region. Modelling can provide a prediction for the outcome of ablation, this paper explores changes in size and shape of temperature and Specific absorption rate fields throughout the course of simulated treatment with different probe concepts. Here, an axisymmetric geometry of a probe embedded within a tissue material is created, solving coupled electromagnetic and bioheat equations using the finite element method, utilizing hp discretisation with the NGSolve library. Results show dynamic changes across all metrics, with different responses from different probe concepts. The sleeve probe yielded the most circular specific absorption rate pattern with circularity of 0.81 initially but suffered the largest reduction throughout ablation. Similarly, reflection coefficients differ drastically from their initial values, with the sleeve probe again experiencing the largest change, suggesting that it is the most sensitive the changes in the tissue dielectric properties in these select probe designs. These collective characteristic observations highlight the need to consider dielectric property changes and probe specific responses during the design cycle.
Investigating slow-moving shallow soil landslides using Sentinel-1 InSAR data in Gisborne, New Zealand
Authors: Cook Matthew E. , Brook Martin S. , Hamling Ian J. , Cave Murry , Tunnicliffe Jon F. , Holley Rachel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLandslides are widespread geomorphological features on the North Island of New Zealand, where they represent one of the primary landscape-forming processes. This study focuses on the steepland terrain surrounding Gisborne, a city located on the east coast of the North Island, at the Hikurangi subduction margin. This terrain consists of young, weak, sedimentary rocks and soils; the most common modes of slope failures are soil creep, slides and flows in shallow, clay-rich soil and regolith, triggered by heavy rainfall. Based on observational data from Sentinel-1 imagery, this study leverages results from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) processing to reveal the distribution of deformation across Gisborne’s steepland periphery from January 2016 to December 2021. Velocities in the line of sight were obtained from the stack of interferograms and projected along the direction of maximum slope, to extract the true displacement on the slopes. The ascending and descending data sets were combined to reveal the vertical and horizontal components of the deformation. The results were combined with a regional LiDAR data set, aerial imagery and field observations to delineate areas of slope deformation. Finally, slope deformation time series data was compared with rainfall records to identify seasonal changes, due to shrinking and swelling of expansive soils. Although the InSAR displacement data contains some noise, results could be used to identify 132 unstable slopes within the study area, caused by soil creep and earthflows. Also, the shrink-swell of expansive soils causes a seasonal pattern of displacements, which varied by 10–20 mm/year between Austral winter and summer, strongly correlated to rainfall.
Data-driven subjective performance evaluation: An attentive deep neural networks model based on a call centre case
Authors: Ahmed Abdelrahman , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Irani Zahir , Mahroof Kamran , Charles Vincent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvery contact centre engages in some form of Call Quality Monitoring in order to improve agent performance and customer satisfaction. Call centres have traditionally used a manual process to sort, select, and analyse a representative sample of interactions for evaluation purposes. Unfortunately, such a process is marked by subjectivity, which in turn results in a distorted picture of agent performance. To address the challenge of identifying and removing subjectivity, empirical research is required. In this paper, we introduce an evidence-based, machine learning-driven framework for the automatic detection of subjective calls. We analyse a corpus of seven hours of recorded calls from a real-estate call centre using Deep Neural Network (DNN) for a multi-classification problem. The study establishes the first baseline for subjectivity detection, with an accuracy of 75%, which is comparable to relevant speech studies in emotional recognition and performance classification. We conclude, among other things, that in order to achieve the best performance evaluation, subjective calls should be removed from the evaluation process or subjective scores deducted from the overall results.
Job Retention and Reintegration in People with Mental Health Problems: A Descriptive Evaluation of Supported Employment Routine Programs
Authors: Zürcher Simeon J , Zürcher Micha , Burkhalter Michael , Richter Dirk 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Striking evidence supports the effectiveness of supported employment (SE) in achieving competitive employment in individuals with mental health problems. Yet, little is known whether SE is effective to maintain employment in individuals at risk of job loss. We aimed to descriptively compare SE for employed clients (SE-retention) and unemployed clients (SE-integration) regarding competitive employment.

Methods
We used administrative data from January 2017 to October 2021 provided by a vocational rehabilitation center in Switzerland including all individuals (≥ 18yrs.) with mental health problems who participated either in SE-retention or SE-reintegration. The outcome was the proportion with competitive employment at discharge. Logistic regression was used to assess time trends and to descriptively compare SE-treatments. We used propensity score weighting, including personal, clinical and program-specific information to reduce group differences.

Results
A total of 556 participants primarily diagnosed with mood/stress-related, schizophrenia and personality disorders were included (n = 297 SE-retention, n = 259 SE-reintegration) with median age 41 years and 57% female gender. The overall weighted comparison favored SE-retention over SE-reintegration OR 4.85 (95%-CI 3.10 to 7.58, p < 0.001) with predicted employment of 67.3% and 29.9% for SE-retention and SE-reintegration, respectively. While success for SE-reintegration remained stable over time, SE-retention showed an increase in more recent years.

Conclusion
SE-retention provides an approach for early work-related support that can prevent labor market exclusion. In contrast, reintegration is likely to require more efforts to achieve employment and may result in less favorable outcomes. It is therefore necessary that further research includes appropriate comparison groups to evaluate the effectiveness of SE-retention programs as well as the economic and individual benefits.
Field testing of gravel-rubber mixtures as geotechnical seismic isolation
Authors: Vratsikidis Athanasios , Pitilakis Dimitris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the results of the forced-vibration experiments performed at the large-scale prototype structure of EuroProteas founded on gravel-rubber mixture (GRM) layers acting as a means of Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI). Three GRM with different rubber content per mixture weight (0%, 10%, and 30%) but the same mean grain size ratio were used as foundation soil. Each GRM-structure system was subjected to harmonic forces in a wide range of excitation frequencies and force amplitude. It was found that a 0.5 m thick GRM foundation soil layer with 30% rubber content can effectively isolate the structure. The strong effect of the rubber fraction was expressed in the detected period elongation and the dominating rocking component which leads to a more “rigid-body” response of the structure. Moreover, the developed base shear and base moment are significantly reduced regardless of the excitation frequency, while the increased damping of the system and the important energy dissipation demonstrate the effectiveness of the GRM foundation soil layer. Overall, the experimental results demonstrated that the use of GRM as a GSI system can be considered as a low-cost alternative seismic isolation technique.
Can the extinction risk of Irish vascular plants be predicted using leaf traits?
Authors: O’Rourke Harrison , Lughadha Eimear Nic , Bacon Karen L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobally, 39% of vascular plant species are estimated to be threatened with extinction. Many factors are responsible for this figure; however, in numerous regions the primary drivers of plant extinction remain unknown. In this study, leaf traits were examined to determine whether there is an association between any specific leaf trait and extinction risk for the Irish flora. Ireland has a relatively small flora that is influenced by a temperate, oceanic climate. Fourteen leaf traits were measured for 1,029 angiosperm taxa, primarily from online herbarium images. Extinction risk was based on national Red List assessments for the Irish flora. Multivariate analysis of the data showed no correlation between leaf traits and extinction risk for the Irish flora. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-squared tests largely supported this result, with some indication that leaf teeth may be associated with extinction risk. The correlation of extinction risk and leaf traits with phylogenetic relatedness was also considered, with the presence of a phylogenetic signal detected for the distribution of extinction risk across the Irish flora and significant phylogenetic signal observed for individual leaf traits. It was concluded that the leaf traits analysed do not significantly correlate with the extinction risk of the Irish flora and that leaf traits are not a good predictor of extinction risk for this flora.