bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of oral antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the prevention of postoperative infections in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Linxia , Song Meixuan , Jiang Yifan , Li Xianrong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOral antibiotics (OAB), probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are reported to be effective for preventing postoperative infection following colorectal surgery, but the comparative effectiveness between them has not been studied. To compare these interventions through a network meta‐analysis. Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to January 1, 2022 without any language restriction. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, assessed risk of bias, and extracted information from the included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was infection rate, and the secondary outcome was anastomotic leakage rate. 4322 records were retrieved after literature search, and 20 RCTs recruiting 3726 participants were finally included. The analysis showed that usual care (UC) + Synbiotics ranked the most effective treatment (SUCRA = 0.968), UC + OAB ranked the second (SUCRA = 0.797), and UC + IAB ranked the third (SUCRA = 0.678) for preventing postoperative infection rate, but only UC + OAB achieved statistical significance. UC + OAB was the most effective treatment (SUCRA = 0.927) for preventing anastomotic leakage rate. Our study confirmed that preoperative administration of OAB was associated with lower infection rate and anastomotic leakage rate than placebo and UC alone. However, the beneficial effect of probiotics and synbiotics should still be investigated by large‐scale randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermoluminescence‐based high‐dose neutron and gamma dosimetry study of Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor
Authors: Sen Meghnath , Shukla Rakesh , Pathak Nimai , Ali Kawsar , Sathian Vilippalil , Tyagi Avesh K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA near tissue equivalent (Zeff = 10.8) and wide bandgap (Eg = 5.95 eV) Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor was synthesized by facile gel‐combustion (GC) method, and structural characterizations were performed by XRD, infra‐red, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectra, diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectra, and PL studies. Thermoluminescence (TL) study of Al5BO9: Mn, Li revealed the dosimetry glow peak at 542 K, which was absent in undoped Al5BO9 indicating the importance of Mn dopant. The highest TL response was obtained for the lowest studied dopant concentration (0.1 mol% Mn) that was attributed to the concentration quenching phenomenon. The material is highly reusable with low fading (<10%) up to 110 days. TL response for both thermal neutron and gamma radiations showed excellent linearity within 5 × 109–3 × 1011 n/cm2 and 30–5000 Gy, respectively. These studies suggested promising potential of Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor in clinical neutron dosimetry and food irradiation dosimetry applications. Based on the variation of calcination temperature, strategy toward dual application, namely, radiation dosimeter and red‐light emitting phosphor of the material was established. For a better understanding of the TL process, various kinetic parameters like activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), and frequency factor (s) were evaluated using different methodologies, and the results were found to be in good agreement.
Unveiling the true costs and societal impacts of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in Europe
Authors: Augustin M. , Misery L. , von Kobyletzki L. , Armario‐Hita J.C. , Mealing S. , Redding M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, auto‐immune condition that imposes a high burden on individuals, society, and the healthcare system. Approximately 4.4% of adults and up to 18.6% of children/adolescents have AD in Europe, with 20% of all cases accounting for moderate‐to‐severe forms. This form of the condition in adults results in annual societal costs across Europe of an estimated €30 billion; €15.2 billion related to missed workdays or reduced work productivity, €10.1 billion related to direct medical costs and €4.7 billion related to personal expenditure of patients/families. AD can also substantially impact physical, emotional, and social quality‐of‐life. Several studies have shown the debilitating itch‐scratch cycle is the main cause of the multifaceted burden, as it causes substantial sleep deprivation and stigmatisation due to the physical appearance of the skin, and confidence issues. These factors lead to psychosocial issues and can cumulate over time and prohibit patients reaching their ‘full life potential’. Despite this, many patients with the condition are undertreated, resulting in uncontrolled symptoms and a further strain placed on patients, society, and the economy. The authors of this White Paper comprise the European Atopic Dermatitis Working Group, which is a network of international specialists with expertise in dermatology and healthcare policy decisions. Their programme of action is focused on harnessing their expertise to build consensus, advance research, share knowledge, and ultimately seek to improve AD care outcomes through achieving long‐term symptom control. This White Paper presents a systematic evaluation of the overall financial and humanistic burden of moderate‐to‐severe AD and the current challenges that exist with AD care. It introduces recommendations for how, collaboratively, key stakeholders and policy makers can support improvements in AD management to achieve better disease control, thus reducing the costs and associated burden placed on individuals, society, and the economy.
Ixekizumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in a real‐world clinical setting
Authors: Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Koç Yıldırım Sema , Erbağcı Ece , Hapa Fatma Aslı 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety reports of ixekizumab for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis may vary between clinical trials and real‐world studies.AimTo analyze the real‐world data of ixekizumab therapy to evaluate its efficacy and safety and highlight the factors influencing the treatment response in the real‐world scenario.Patients/MethodsData of 82 adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis are included in this study. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) 75/90/100 responses at 4, 16, 24, and 48 weeks were analyzed retrospectively from patient charts by examining demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, especially their previous biologic experience, obesity, and involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas.ResultsPASI75, PASI90, and PASI100 responses were achieved in 92.4%, 86.1%, and 26.6% patients at week 16 and maintained till week 48 in 92.3%, 86.5%, and 17.3% patients. PASI90 responses in obese patients were significantly lower than non‐obese patients at week 4 (33.3% vs. 69.6%, p = 0.042), but this difference was minimized by week 16 (82.4% vs. 90%, p = 0.405). PASI90 responses in biologic‐naive patients were significantly higher than biologic‐experienced patients at week 16 (p = 0.015). Involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas was negatively associated with PASI90 responses at week 16 (OR: 1591805.842; 95% CI: 1.223–2071404486740.201; p = 0.047).ConclusionIxekizumab provides an effective and safe biologic treatment option to patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Obesity, though it affects the early treatment response (till week 4), does not upset the overall treatment response beyond week 16. Previous biologic exposure and involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas are important prognostic factors for achieving high PASI responses in psoriatic patients.
Characteristics of hair loss after COVID‐19: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Czech Torrey , Sugihara Satoru , Nishimura Yoshito 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWhile there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID‐19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to identify the existing evidence and clinical characteristics of hair loss with COVID‐19 infection.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer‐reviewed articles with relevant keywords including “Alopecia,” “Telogen Effluvium (TE),” and “COVID‐19” from their inception to November 20, 2021.ResultsA total of 26 articles, with 9 observational studies and 17 case reports or series (a total of 58 cases), were included. Most studies dealt with TE. There were no clear trends between COVID‐19 severity and the extent of hair loss. Analysis of the 58 cases also found similar results with most of the cases being female (82.8%), the median onset of hair loss of 2.0 months, and the median time to recovery of hair loss of 5.0 months with a resolution rate of 95%.ConclusionWhile this systematic review revealed uncertainty and a lack of strong evidence regarding the association of COVID‐19 and hair loss, hair loss in COVID‐19 may mainly include TE and be reversible in nature. Future studies are warranted to determine the detailed pathophysiology and risk factors of hair loss in COVID‐19, including possible roles of estrogen, progesterone, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Nurse coordinator of care as a facilitator of integration processes in palliative care
Authors: Vočanec Dorja , Lončarek Karmen , Sović Slavica , Džakula Aleksandar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis paper investigates the feasibility and the perception of the nurse's role as the palliative care coordinator.BackgroundIntegrated care is a global imperative in all healthcare improvement processes. Due to Andrija Štampar's success in the organisation of public health services, Croatia today has more than hundred years of experience in care integration. The palliative care system has been continuously developing since 2014 as an integrated care model, with nurses as care coordinators.MethodsThe study used a mixed methodology based on pragmatic research principles, including an analysis of strategic and policy documents and reports, and thematic analysis of focus group conducted with palliative care coordinators, following COREQ checklist.ResultsAlthough a legal, professional and financial regulation of nurse coordinators has been achieved, a number of implementation challenges remain. These challenges arise as a result of long‐term fragmentation of the health and social care, and can be found in both horizontal and vertical integration of care, that is in the dimensions of functional, clinical, cultural and social integration.ConclusionsNurses play a central role in care coordination. Coordination and integration promote professionalisation with clear roles and tasks. However, even with the legal, professional and financial implementation of the nurse coordinator model, it has to be further promoted as an equally important job in the healthcare system, with nurses as competent professionals in charge of care coordination.Relevance to clinical practicePalliative care provides a range of individualised, coordinated services that meet the medical and non‐medical needs of seriously ill patients. Described model of palliative care in Croatia is particularly important because it was developed as an integrated part of health care (and partly social welfare) system, indicating with the nurse's role as palliative care coordinator that coordination is a continuous process that requires a dedicated professional role.
Cyberchondria levels in women with human papilloma virus
Authors: Turhan Cakir Anil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the level of cyberchondria in patients with high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity.MethodsOne hundred and forty women who applied to our clinic between July 2020 and September 2020 and were diagnosed with high‐risk HPV positivity or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) were included in the study. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) was administered face‐to‐face to the participants. CSS and subscales scores of both groups of patients were evaluated and compared.ResultsThe mean score of the patients on the CSS was 78.54 ± 22.09 and the patients with AUB and HPV(+) was 67.43 ± 19.87 and 84.16 ± 21.08, respectively. The mean subscale scores were as follows, compulsion 13.89 ± 6.49, distress 20.07 ± 7.54, excessiveness 22.40 ± 8.18, reassurance 15.07 ± 6.56, and mistrust of medical professionals 7.26 ± 3.62. The mean scores of the CSS and subscales except for the mistrust of medical professional subscale were higher in patients who were HPV‐positive than in other patients.ConclusionsWomen with HPV have higher levels of cyberchondria. Medical professionals can reduce this anxiety by giving information to patients.
The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribution and cellular identification in skin
Authors: Kupczyk Piotr , Rykala Marta , Serek Pawel , Pawlak Aleksandra , Slowikowski Bartosz , Holysz Marcin , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Madej Jan P. , Ziolkowski Piotr , Niedzwiedz Artur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR1) and type 2 (CBR2), cannabinoid‐based ligands (endogenous chemically synthesized phytocannabinoids), and endogenous enzymes controlling their concentrations. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been identified in invertebrates and in almost all vertebrate species in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in immune cells, where they control neuroimmune homeostasis. In humans, rodents, dogs, and cats, CBRs expression has been confirmed in the skin, and their expression and tissue distribution become disordered in pathological conditions. Cannabinoid receptors may be a possible therapeutic target in skin diseases.ObjectivesTo characterize the distribution and cellular expression of CBRs in the skin of horses under normal conditions.AnimalsFifteen healthy horses.MethodsUsing full‐thickness skin punch biopsy samples, skin‐derived primary epidermal keratinocytes and dermal‐derived cells, we performed analysis of Cnr1 and Cnr2 genes using real‐time PCR and CBR1 and CBR2 protein expression by confocal microscopy and Western blotting.ResultsNormal equine skin, including equine epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast‐like cells, all exhibited constant gene and protein expression of CBRs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur results represent a starting point for developing and translating new veterinary medicine‐based pharmacotherapies using ECS as a possible target.
Evaluation of anti‐tick efficiency in rabbits induced by DNA vaccines encoding Haemaphysalis longicornis lipocalin homologue
Authors: Fan Xiang‐Yuan , Xu Xiao‐Can , Wu Ya‐Xue , Liu Xiao‐Ya , Yang Feng , Hu Yong‐Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHaemaphysalis longicornis is an obligate haematophagous ectoparasite, transmitting a variety of pathogens, which brings great damage to human health and animal husbandry development. Lipocalins (LIP) are a family of proteins that transport small hydrophobic molecules and also involve in immune regulation, such as the regulation of cell homeostasis, inhibiting the host's inflammatory response and resisting the contractile responses in host blood vessels. Therefore, it is one of the candidate antigens for vaccines. Based on previous studies, we constructed the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP of LIP homologue from H. longicornis (HlLIP). ELISA results showed that rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP produced higher anti‐rHlLIP antibody levels compared with the pcDNA3.1 group, indicating that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP induced the humoral immune response of host. Adult H. longicornis infestation trial in rabbits demonstrated that the engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of H. longicornis fed on rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP decreased by 7.07%, 14.30% and 11.70% respectively, compared with that of the pcDNA3.1 group. In brief, DNA vaccine of pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP provided immune protection efficiency of 30% in rabbits. This study demonstrated that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP can partially protect rabbits against H. longicornis, and it is possible to develop a new candidate antigen against ticks.
Copper microRNAs modulate the formation of giant feeding cells induced by the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Noureddine Yara , Mejias Joffrey , da Rocha Martine , Thomine Sébastien , Quentin Michaël , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno , Jaubert‐Possamai Stéphanie 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are root endoparasites that induce the dedifferentiation of a few root cells and the reprogramming of their gene expression to generate giant hypermetabolic feeding cells.

We identified two microRNA families, miR408 and miR398, as upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum roots infected by RKNs. In plants, the expression of these two conserved microRNA families is known to be activated by the SPL7 transcription factor in response to copper starvation.

By combining functional approaches, we deciphered the network involving these microRNAs, their regulator and their targets. MIR408 expression was located within nematode‐induced feeding cells like its regulator SPL7 and was regulated by copper. Moreover, infection assays with mir408 and spl7 knockout mutants or lines expressing targets rendered resistant to cleavage by miR398 demonstrated the essential role of the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module in the formation of giant feeding cells.

Our findings reveal how perturbation of plant copper homeostasis, via the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module, modulates the development of nematode‐induced feeding cells.
Short‐term tear film stability, optical quality and visual performance in two dual‐focus contact lenses for myopia control with different optical designs
Authors: García‐Marqués José Vicente , Macedo‐De‐Araújo Rute Juliana , McAlinden Colm , Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel , Cerviño Alejandro , González‐Méijome José Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess and compare short‐term visual and optical quality and tear film stability between two dual‐focus (DF) prototype myopia control contact lenses (CLs) having different inner zone diameters.MethodsTwenty‐eight myopic subjects were included in this randomised, double‐masked crossover study. Refraction, best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) and tear film stability were measured at baseline (i.e., when uncorrected). Subjects were then binocularly fitted with the DF CLs, with only the sensorial dominant eye being assessed. Lenses were of the same material and had inner zone diameters of either 2.1 mm (S design) or 4.0 mm (M design). Visual and physical short‐term lens comfort, over‐refraction, best‐corrected VA, stereopsis at 40 cm, best‐corrected photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), size and shape of light disturbance (LD), wavefront aberrations, subjective quality of vision (QoV Questionnaire) and tear film stability were measured for each lens.ResultsBoth CL designs decreased tear film stability compared with baseline (p < 0.05). VA and photopic CS were within normal values for the subjects' age with each CL. When comparing lenses, the M design promoted better photopic CS for the 18 cycles per degree spatial frequency (p < 0.001) and better LD (p < 0.02). However, higher‐order aberrations were improved with the S design (p = 0.02). No significant difference between the two CLs was found for QoV scores and tear film stability.ConclusionsBoth DF CLs provided acceptable visual performance under photopic conditions. The 4.0 mm inner zone gave better contrast sensitivity at high frequencies and lower light disturbance, while the 2.1 mm central diameter induced fewer higher‐order aberrations for a 5 mm pupil diameter. Both CLs produced the same subjective visual short‐term lens comfort.
Novel immunosuppressive effect of FK506 by upregulation of PD‐L1 via FKBP51 in heart transplantation
Authors: Luo Xuewei , Du Guicheng , Chen Bingye , Yan Guoliang , Zhu Luyao , Cui Pengcheng , Dai Helong , Qi Zhongquan , Lan Tianshu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe calcineurin inhibitor–FK506–is a first‐line immunosuppressant that regulates T cell secretion of IL‐2 and other cytokines. However, the mechanism of its protective effect on target cells and its role on tumour recurrence and interaction with anti‐tumour immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD‐L1 blocking, are still unclear. Here, in a murine heart transplantation model, we observed the upregulation of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression by FK506 in both dendritic cells (DCs) and allografts. Blocking PD‐L1 during FK506 treatment increased IFN‐γ and TNF‐α expression, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, and suppressed Treg differentiation. Moreover, PD‐L1 decreased T cell infiltration and induced T cell apoptosis in both the spleen and graft. PD‐L1 was not only required in FK506‐mediated immunosuppression but also upregulated by FK506. Treatment with SAFit2, a FKBP51 selective inhibitor, reduced the expression of PD‐L1 on DCs and the grafts and interfered with the immunosuppressive effect of FK506, suggesting that the mechanism depends on FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) 51 expression. Overall, our results add new insights into the role of FK506, not only on T cell cytokine secretion but also on co‐inhibitory molecular regulation and target cell immune privilege.
Earliest record of fossil insect oothecae confirms the presence of crown‐dictyopteran taxa in the Late Triassic
Authors: Cariglino Bárbara , Lara María Belén , Zavattieri Ana María 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough dissimilar in their overall appearance and life habits, the praying mantises (Mantodea) and cockroaches (Blattodea, including their eusocial relatives, the termites [Isoptera]) are grouped within the clade Dictyoptera, based on – among other significant characteristics – the laying of eggs in a compound structure called an ootheca. The origin of the Dictyoptera and the currently recognized taxa within is, however, a controversial topic among entomologists. This has resulted from disparities in the divergence age estimates obtained from phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data together with the limited and controversial fossil evidence attributable to these groups. Here, we report two new oothecae ichnospecies found in a Carnian (237 to 227 mya. lowermost Upper Triassic) deposit from Argentina. Morphological comparisons and Scanning Electron Microscope and X‐ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses of fossil and extant oothecae of mantises and cockroaches were performed in an attempt to solve their systematic placement within Dictyoptera and fossil allies, such as †Alienoptera. In addition to being the earliest known record of oothecae, this discovery moves the origin of this specialized reproductive strategy back by 100 million years. As direct fossil evidence, these specimens provide an important calibration and reference point that can inform future research on the origins and timing of diversification of the Dictyoptera.