bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Keraca (Thalamita sp.) Crab Shell Flour as Functional Food Ingredients
Authors: Luthfiyana Novi , Nusaibah  , Sumartini  , Asniar  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Keraca (Thalamita sp.) crab shell waste increases and its use as food. Crab shell waste can be used as a nutritious food source because it contains minerals. Keraca crab shell flour is proven to be nutritious, safe, and has potential as a functional food ingredient and a source of minerals. This study aims to obtain characteristics of keraca crab shell flour as a functional food ingredient through analysis of the chemical composition, the content of calcium, phosphorus, and identification of pathogenic bacteria salmonella. The material used in this study is flour from the shells and claws of the Keraca crab. The method is quantitative descriptive. The results proved that the Keraca crab shell flour contained 3.45±0.08% water content, 16.67±0.23% protein, 2.61±0.03% fat, 61.86±0.01% ash, and 15.41±0.13% carbohydrates. Keraca crab flour contains 9.01±0.18% calcium, 1.20±0.01% phosphorus, and no pathogenic bacteria Salmonella.
Analysis of Diseases in the Elderly Affecting Covid-19
Authors: Zamali Sindi Achmad , Girsang Ermi , Mutia Maya Sari , Suyono Tan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Covid-19 virus began in December 2019, and the coronavirus (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90,000 patients and making it a global pandemic. Where health workers include doctors, nurses, and other health workers, play a role in treating infected patients and become the vanguard in the handling of coronavirus. Based on data Indonesia positive cases of Covid-19 as many as 3,872,738 people and patients recovered 3,381,884 people and patients who died as many as 118,883 people and 48.3% of the cases of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia are elderly. The actual SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused a highly transmissible disease with a tremendous impact on elderly people. This study focused on very elderly patients (over 80 years old) was created with the aim of analyzing the relationship of some diseases in the elderly that affect covid-19 at Royal Prima Hospital Medan in 2020, And the conclusion of this study based statistically shows that there is no link between DM, heart and kidney diseases in the elderly that affect covid-19, as well as the presence of hypertensive disease and ARI in the elderly that affects covid-19.
Synthesis Of Spherical Chitosan-Zeolite Composite (Ch-Z Spherical) From Shrimp Shells Using Crosslinking Method As Adsorbent Of Metal Ca (Ii) And Mg (Ii)
Authors: Alawiyah Tuty , Azmiyati Uzlifatul , Gandri Haryono M. , Cahyani Reni Tri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Water quality is very important to know because it is related to the use of water for daily needs and has a direct effect on the health of humans who consume the water. Water quality includes three main parameters, namely physics, chemistry, and biology. One of Chemical water quality parameter is the level of water hardness. One of the efforts made to reduce hardness is to add materials that can bind Ca (II) and Mg (II) metal ions. In this study, the material used was chitosan from shrimp shell waste modified with zeolite into a chitosan/zeolite composite in a spherical form using Tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking which interacts to form bonds through ionic gelation. The spherical chitosan-zeolite composite was characterized using FT-IR. The results of characterization using FT-IR at a wavelength of 4000-450 cm-1 show a typical IR spectrum for Chitosan-Zeolite Spherical (Ch-Z Spherical) at wavelengths 1639 cm-1, 1638.71 cm-1, respectively. and 1638.58 cm-1 which is the -C⁼N strain or structural change (deformation) of NH2.Chitosan-Zeolite Spherical Composite was applied to reduce the concentration of Ca(II) and Mg(II) metals which can cause water hardness. To determine the effectiveness of the optimum absorption time of the Spherical Chitosan-Zeolite composite, contact time variations were made, namely 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 with a concentration of 500 ppm of Ca (II) and Mg (II) metals with a stirring process. The results showed that the optimum time for the absorption of metal Ca(II) was 90 minutes with an absorption concentration of 0.012 mol/g. The optimum contact time of the spherical chitosan-zeolite composite to Mg(II) metal ion is 15 minutes with an absorption concentration of 0.1 mol/g.
Analysis of Wound Healing Activity from Rose Petal Extract Ointment in Wistar Rats.
Authors: Latcuba Swastina Pinky , Chiuman Linda , Nasution Ali Napiah , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Basic Health Report (2013) reports that burns rank sixth in unintentional injuries. Rose petals have various pharmacological effects that can increase wound healing activity. In this study, the activity of healing burns using rose petals as an ointment was tested on 25 male wistar rats which were grouped into: control (Ointment base), standard (Nebacetin), 7.5%, 10%, and 15% of rose petal ointment doses, respectively. The Rose petal ointment was made from the extraction by maceration. Two parameters used for evaluation were wound contraction and epithelialization period. In addition, the skin was also excised for histological studies. The highest wound contraction was obtained in the standard group (87.47%), followed by 15% (85.07%), 10% (73.33%), 7.5% (69.16%) rose petal ointment, control group (64.27%). While the length of epithelialization of each treatment group (P-value = 0.301) did not show a significant difference in all groups. Histological studies also showed that the highest rose petal ointment had more developed hair follicles and denser collagen fibers like the standard group. Overall, it can be concluded that the rose petal methanol extract as an ointment has a very good wound healing effect.
Study of Mud Crab Species (Scylla Spp.) In Brackish Waters North Kalimantan Province
Authors: Iromo Heppi , Zainuddin  , Syawaluddin dan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite the importance of the mud crab species (genus Scylla) both in the development of crab culture in brackish waters, knowledge of mud crab species diversity for sustainable management throughout the coastal areas of North Kalimantan Province is still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe. The diversity of mud crabs in these waters is based on observations of crab morphology collected from five small islands in the coastal area of North Kalimantan. This study aims to identify the mud crab (Scylla spp.) species that live in the waters of North Kalimantan. It is hoped that this research can provide basic information about the types of mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.) that exist and live in the waters of North Kalimantan so that they can be used as a reference in the development and conservation of mud crab resources in North Kalimantan. This study uses a descriptive method to describe and describe the existing conditions in the field. Sampling was taken at random with different weights of 5 crabs/location at each high tide and carried out 2 times in every month. Sampling locations were carried out on several islands with many traditional ponds around the waters of North Kalimantan. The results of the study from Abstract100 samples of mud crabs showed that the types of mangrove crabs found in the waters of North Kalimantan were two species, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla tranquebarica.
A Sequential Auto Irrigation for Smart Chili Farming
Authors: Rahmadhani Ferdy , Murniarti Erni , Gilbert Yohanes S , Giraldo Jeremy S , Turnip Arjon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an agricultural country, agriculture is an important role in meeting basic needs and supporting the economy including Indonesia. The author focusesfor cultivation of chili plants, especially red chili. Red chili (Capsicum Anuum L) is a herbaceous plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Red chili contains many vitamins and nutrients such as calcium, vitamins A, B1, and C, protein, fat, calories, and carbohydrates that are beneficial to the body. With that, we can conclude that smart farming with an automatic sequential irrigation on chili plants will certainly helps farmers to simplify the irrigation process, this research is packaged properly starting from the creation of the device to the application programs. This research was successfully carried out in accordance with the purpose of irrigating chili plants sequentially and automatically depending on the sensor readings that have been presented, when the sensor readings are below 80% at 7.00 to 9.00 WIB, they will alternately enter the system to be irrigated sequentially, when the solenoid valve is opened, it is ensured that the flow of water will comes out according to the needs of each plot.
Bioactivity of extracts from Syzygium aromaticum, Annona muricata, and Piper retrofractum against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Sianturi Y P P A , Dadang  , Sartiami D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest on maize. One of the environmentally friendly control strategies of FAW is by utilizing botanical insecticides. Extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Annona muricata, and Piper retrofractum are known to be able to control various types of insect pests and ensure sustainability in farming. The objective of this research was to study the effective control of three plant extracts against FAW, including the toxicity against larvae using leaf residual method, the feeding inhibition against larvae, and the oviposition deterrence against female. Probit analysis was used to estimate LC50 and LC95 values of the extracts. The extract of P. retrofractrum exhibited highest mortality compared to the other extracts with LC95 values of 0.230%, followed by S. aromaticum 0.349%, then A. muricata 1.387% against first-instar larvae at 96 hours. P. retrofractum extract showed the highest feeding inhibition of 90.14% at LC95 value, which gradually decreased on S. aromaticum and A. muricata extracts were 80.33% and 78.44%, respectively. Three plant extracts at LC99 and 2 x LC99 levels deterred female oviposition by 100%. This results indicate that P. retrofractum extract has great potential for further development as a botanical insecticide to controlling FAW.
Characteristics Of The Distribution Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants (Pahs) In Coastal Waters, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Achyani Ratno , Syamsiyah  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
PAHs are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Concentrations at certain levels in water and sediments can be toxic to benthic and pelagic marine organisms. The extent of the presence and distribution of PAHs in the aquatic environment in the coastal area of Tarakan City has not been answered. The purpose of this study was to analyze its presence and distribution in the coastal environment of Tarakan City. The samples used were water and sediment samples. Determination of the sampling location at sea, considering the type of activity, very dense (West and South) Tanjung, moderate activity (North) and infrequent activity (East). Analysis of the types of PAHs of all samples was carried out using GC-MS type Thermo Trace 1310 Single quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, Coulum GC-MS and determination of distribution pattern using Ocean Data View (ODV) software. PAHs were found in the sea waters of Tarakan City. Its distribution is widespread in all water locations. Cyclic chain types 2, 4 and 5 were found at each location. Cyclic chain type 3 is only found in dense and infrequent representational locations. Meanwhile, the cyclic chain type 6 was only found at the location of moderate activity. The concentration of PAHs in the sea waters of Tarakan City is still lower than some locations in the world.
Development of an Irrigation System for Predicting Watering Time with ANFIS Method for Chili Plants
Authors: George Michael T , Turnip Mardi , Muniarti Erni , Sitompul Erwin , Turnip Arjon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, precision farming has become a necessity due to the increasing global demand for staples and water. Thus, farmers will need the availability of sufficient water and fertile soil to meet these needs. Due to the limited availability of both resources, farmers need solutions that change conventional farming systems. Precision farming is the solution to deliver larger and more profitable yields with fewer resources. Currently, several artificial intelligence-based irrigation models have been proposed to use water more efficiently. However, the limited irrigation capabilities of the previous model make it unsuitable for unpredictable climates. The authors conducted research on ANFIS-based intelligent irrigation systems for irrigation system models and the Internet of Things (IoT) to connect sensors to actuators via the cloud. The daily water requirement parameter for plants can be determined using conventional measurements (Gravimetry), this parameter will be the output parameter in the ANFIS modeling. This modeling is compared with reference measurements (conventional) resulting in a fairly accurate accuracy of 87.5%. The proposed system is simple and affordable which makes the technology more precise.
Carbon accumulation dynamics of the Klukva peatland at the southern boundary of broad-leaved forest zone in European Russia
Authors: Volkova E M , Leonova O A , Boikova O I , Novenko E Yu , Olchev A V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study is focused on reconstructing the carbon accumulation rate of the peatland Klukva (1 ha) situated at the southern boundary of broad-leaved forest zone within the Oka river basin in European Russia. The age of the peatland is about 9400 cal years BP and it is one of the oldest peatlands within the Central Russian Upland. The results of our experimental study showed that the rate of peat accumulation is ranged from 0.15 to 0.9 mm/year and it was strongly influenced by climatic factors. Two main stages were distinguished in the peatland genesis. The longest was the mesotrophic stage, which began in the Early Holocene at about 9400 cal years BP and ended in the Late Holocene at about 1500 cal years BP. Since 1500 cal years BP there has been a gradual transition of the peatland from mesotrophic to oligotrophic type. The mean carbon accumulation rate during the peatland Klukva development was about 20 gC/(m2yr). This process was most actively going between 2500 and 6300 cal yrs BP, when the rates of peat accumulation increased to 26-29 gC/(m2yr). Nowadays, the carbon stock in the peat deposit of the peatland Klukva is amounted to 175 kgC/m2 and it is comparable with the carbon stocks of boreal peatlands in Northern Eurasia. This means that the oligotrophic peatlands situated at the southern boundary of broad-leaved forest zone, despite the small areas, continue to be a large stock of atmospheric carbon.
Method for determining microbial activity (hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA), 490 nm)
Authors: Frlolov O A , Terekhin A V , Yakushev A V , Milanovskiy E Yu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) is used to determine microbial activity. The determination of this activity can be carried out within the frame of various study objects using soil, litter, peat, etc. This method is based on a hydrolysis reaction of converting fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to fluorescein. The concentration is usually determined using a spectrophotometer in the UV range. This article discusses the possible concentration of fluorescence in the visible spectrum (490 nm). The activity of microorganisms was determined in the Chernozem typical arable horizon. The work used two methods for determining the concentration of fluorescence by optical density. The first option is to use a calibration concentration (the dependence of optical density on the concentration of fluorescein). In this case two options were used: with heating (60 °C) and without it (25 °C). The second option is to use the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer equation and the extinction coefficient. The results were used for calculating the Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) and the maximum reaction rate (Vm). While determining the microbial activity with FDA, the concentration of fluorescein can be determined in the visible range. The more preferable way of determining the concentration of fluorescein is by using the extinction coefficient of fluorescein, rather than by plotting a calibration graph based on matrix solutions.
On question of optimal swampiness in a region
Authors: Kaverin A V , Grishutkin O G , Kiryushin A V , Masserov D A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the optimal waterlogging of a region on the example of the Republic of Mordovia. In the 20th century, significant anthropogenic changes took place, affecting swamp ecosystems, significantly reducing the area of wetlands. At present, the human impact on the swamps has decreased, but their further use requires certain measures, the main of which are inventory of the existing swamps and rationing the load on the ecosystems.
Organogenic landforms on the regressive mires of the Lower Amur and Southern Priokhotie
Authors: Chakov V V , Kuptsova V V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article examines the distribution features of specific organocryogenic landforms in the waterlogged areas of the cryolithozone of the Northwest Coast of the Pacific, within the borders of the Lower Amur and Southern Priokhotie. It is suggested that the considered landforms are closely related to the regressive processes occurring in certain mire areas due to thermokarst phenomena. Attention is focused on the specifics of morphometric features of the ridge-hollow reliefwith a parallel arrangement of elements formed in local runoff hollows and low-flow basins.
Recent Advances in Laterally-Loaded Piles within Mechanically-Stabilized Earth Walls
Authors: Jawad S , Han Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pile foundations have been increasingly installed within mechanically-stabilized earth walls (MSE) on rocks or compressible soils to support structural loads. Integral abutment bridges, sound walls, and traffic signs are common examples of the structures supported by pile foundations installed within or behind MSE walls. These structures are often subjected to lateral loads resulting from earthquakes, traffic loads, wind loads, and/or thermal expansion and contraction of bridge girders. Typical approaches available to design MSE walls are limited to MSE walls without pile foundations present within reinforced fill. To minimize the interaction between piles and the MSE wall, designers often suggest to place the piles at a distance of six to eight times the pile diameter and/or isolate the piles from the MSE wall by using corrugated pipes. These suggested designs lead to increasing the cost of projects by increasing the length of bridge spans or the diameter of piles and requiring pile embedment. Recently, several studies have been conducted to understand the interaction between piles and MSE walls when the piles are constructed within and close to wall facing. This paper provides a literature review on full-scale tests, reduced-scale tests, and numerical studies of piles constructed within or behind MSE walls. The review will focus on the effects of three key influence factors on lateral capacities of laterally-loaded piles and facing deflections of MSE walls including the plie location behind the wall facing, the ratio of the reinforcement length to the wall height, and the stiffness of the reinforcement layer. This paper will also discuss the available approaches to estimate the forces in the reinforcement layers and the lateral earth pressures behind the MSE wall facing due to the laterally-loaded piles.
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Enhanced GCLs in Freshwater Reservoirs
Authors: Ozhan H O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Biopolymers that are environmentally friendly organic products are increasingly used in geotechnical applications instead of synthetic polymers and other chemical additives. Cellulose is a biopolymer that is obtained from the cell walls of plants. In order to evaluate its effect on internal erosion, triaxial permeability tests were performed on a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-enhanced geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) with Ca bentonite that was placed over a coarse gravel with an average grain diameter of 2.5 cm and permeated with tap water. Furthermore, unconfined compression tests were conducted on the cellulose-added bentonite component of the GCL in order to evaluate the mechanical effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose addition to the GCL on internal erosion. Test results indicated that 2% cellulose addition by dry weight maintained sufficient hydraulic and mechanical performances with almost 2.5 orders of magnitude decrease in permeability and 10 times increase in unconfined compressive strength. However, cellulose addition had only a slight enhancement against internal erosion. All the tested GCLs resisted against internal erosion up to a hydraulic head of 25 m. But 30 m hydraulic head resulted in internal erosion for the GCLs enhanced with up to a content of 2% cellulose.
Stepped Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls at Railway Corridor Rokycany – Plzeň
Authors: Hubík P , Kašpar M , Vodáček O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a part of a modernization of railway corridor Rokycany - Plzeň a support wall structure was designed on both sides of the slopes. All local conditions have been taken into decision-making what technology to use, in particular, the speed of construction, geotechnical conditions and minimization of the land engagement. Reinforced soil technology was selected to meet all the constraints and requirements and finally the project was completed. As soil cladding, self-standing high concrete panels were used, making the 12 m total height structure unique. Many pictures declaring construction sequence are attached.
A rheological model for georeinforced embankments based on piled foundations
Authors: Mangraviti V , Flessati L , di Prisco C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Concrete columns are commonly used methods to improve the performances of embankments on soft soil strata. To further reduce settlements and stresses on the soft foundation soil, geosynthetic reinforcements are often installed at the base of embankments. Existing design methods for these “geostructures” commonly does not take into consideration both the effect of the embankment construction process and the stiffness of the system components (embankment, soft soil, column and geosynthetics) as design parameters. As a consequence, these approaches do not allow the estimation of the settlements at the top of the embankment. In this paper a new rheological model capable of assessing both tensile forces in the geosynthetic and settlements at the embankment top induced by the construction process is presented. In this model, the variables defining the system performance (tensile forces in geosynthetics, stresses acting on piles and settlements) are explicitly related to the embankment height, interpreted as a generalized loading variable. The model has been validated on the results of 3D numerical analyses.