bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to community violence: Toward a more expansive definition and approach to research
Authors: Ceballo Rosario , Alers‐Rojas Francheska , Mora Andrea S. , Cranford James A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommunity violence has been identified as a pressing public health crisis in the United States. A wealth of research establishes robust connections between youth’s exposure to community violence and an array of negative psychological outcomes. In this article, we argue that developmental scientists need to adopt a more expansive definition of community violence and use a broader range of approaches to understand and intervene in the current epidemic of violence. First, we discuss problems with definitions of community violence in research and propose several types of violent incidents that should no longer be excluded (i.e., gender‐based harassment, sexual assault). We also highlight the need for a more nuanced and thorough examination of the dimensions associated with community violence (e.g., severity, physical proximity, relational proximity, chronicity). Next, we discuss methodological problems encumbering research on community violence. Finally, we propose recommendations for research, emphasizing the need to account for children’s intersecting social identities.
What is the optimal duration for a ROAT? The experience of the French Dermatology and Allergology group (DAG)
Authors: Amsler Emmanuelle , Assier Haudrey , Soria Angèle , Bara Corina , Ferrier le Bouëdec Marie Christine , Barbaud Annick , Milpied Brigitte , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Pasteur Justine , Badaoui Antoine , Valois Aude , Castelain Florence , Kurihara Flore , Castagna Julie , Boulard Claire , Bernier Claire , Leleu Camille , Marcant Pierre , Crépy Marie Noelle , Tetart Florence , Raison‐Peyron Nadia ,   from the Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology (DAG)
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe repeated open application test (ROAT) is an adjuvant investigation measure to patch testing in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. ESCD recommends a 15 days duration but its overall duration varies according to publications and patients hardly adhere to prolonged ROAT duration beyond 1 week.Materials and MethodsThe Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology performed a prospective study with the aim of determining the best duration for the ROAT.ResultsA total of 328 ROAT results were collected for topical products, including cosmetics (60%) and topical medications (31.1%). Fifty‐nine (18%) ROATs were positive, and 16 (5%) were doubtful. All the positive ROATs occurred within 10 days, with a median time to positivity of 3 days.ConclusionAccording to our results, a minimum duration of 10 days is necessary to achieve a positive ROAT to a topical product.
Prospective cohort study by InspECT on safety and efficacy of electrochemotherapy for cutaneous tumors and metastases depending on ulceration
Authors: Claussen Carla Sophie , Moir Graeme , Bechara Falk G. , Orlando Antonio , Matteucci Paolo , Mowatt David , Clover Anthony James P. , Mascherini Matteo , Gehl Julie , Muir Tobian , Sersa Gregor , Groselj Ales , Odili Joy , Giorgione Roberto , Campana Luca Giovanni , Bertino Giulia , Curatolo Pietro , Banerjee Shramana , Kis Erika , Quaglino Pietro , Pritchard‐Jones Rowan , De Terlizzi Francesca , Grischke Eva‐Maria , Kunte Christian 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundElectrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment for cutaneous tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ECT in ulcerated vs. non‐ulcerated tumors and investigate the effect on tumor‐associated symptoms.MethodsTwenty cancer centers in the International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy (InspECT) prospectively collected data. ECT was performed following ESOPE protocol. Response was evaluated by lesion size development. Pain, symptoms, performance status (ECOG‐Index) and health status (EQ‐5D questionnaire) were evaluated.Results716 patients with ulcerated (n = 302) and non‐ulcerated (n = 414) cutaneous tumors and metastases were included (minimum follow‐up of 45 days). Non‐ulcerated lesions responded to ECT better than ulcerated lesions (complete response 65 % vs. 51 %, p = 0.0061). Only 38 % (115/302) with ulcerated lesions before ECT presented with ulcerated lesions at final follow‐up. Patients with ulcerated lesions reported higher pain and more severe symptoms compared to non‐ulcerated lesions, which significantly and continuously improved following ECT. In non‐ulcerated lesions however, pain spiked during the treatment. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsECT is a safe and effective local treatment for cutaneous tumors. While ECT improves symptoms especially in patients with ulcerated lesions, data suggest the implementation of a perioperative pain management in non‐ulcerated lesions during ECT.
Reading as Askēsis
Authors: Longa Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrawing on the work of Simone Weil, this article argues that the human purpose of reading is the creation of meaning through interpretive activity. In the context of institutionalized schooling, however, the activity of reading has been alienated from this purpose. As a result, some contemporary pedagogies of reading might keep us from learning how to undertake the work necessary to hone and sharpen our interpretations, and thereby render our world increasingly lucid and coherent. Here, Rachel Longa proposes that the paradigm of spiritual practice might provide the theoretical resources for a corrective to this alienation. It could help us to reconfigure the dominant form of the activity of reading such that its human purpose is foregrounded and championed, rather than obscured. The concept of askēsis could thereby serve as a lifeline that tethers us to the forms of life from which we derive purpose and that orients us toward the ends of ethical self‐formation.
Comparison of digital and conventional assessment methods for a single tooth preparation and educational satisfaction
Authors: Kim Yeong‐Kyu , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Jeong Yuwon , Yun Mi‐Jung , Lee Hyeonjong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDigital feedback for tooth preparation can provide dental practitioners with more objective and accurate evaluations compared to conventional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the educational effect and satisfaction of digital feedback compared with those of the conventional putty index method for tooth preparation.Material and MethodsForty‐eight third‐grade dental students were selected. All students performed a full‐coverage preparation on a right mandibular first molar resin tooth. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12)—no guide (control), putty index, digital feedback, and digital and putty index assessment. Three‐dimensional analysis was performed using an analysis software (GomInspect 2018, Gom) to evaluate the amount of tooth structure removed. At the end of the practice, the students completed a questionnaire to evaluate the educational satisfaction of the respective methods.ResultsThere was no statistical significance of the amount of preparation amongst groups in most of the measured areas only except for several specific points. Overall occlusal surface showed 0.99 ± 0.27 mm in the N group (no guide) and 1.15 ± 0.31 mm in the D group (digital feedback), and overall axial surface showed no statistical differences (p > .05). The groups that used digital assessment showed a high level of satisfaction compared with conventional assessment.ConclusionsIt was difficult to confirm that the digital‐based feedback promotes accurate tooth preparation compared to conventional feedback within the limitation of this study. However, it improved educational satisfaction and permitted objective evaluation.
Perception of recently graduated Dutch dentists of their education
Authors: van Dam Brigitte A. F. M. , den Boer Joost C. L. , van der Sanden Wil J. M. , Gorter Ronald C. , Bruers Josef J. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe curriculum of the three dental schools in the Netherlands consists of a three‐year bachelor's and three‐year master's course. The education programmes focus inter alia on clinical dental reasoning, thinking and acting scientifically, general oral healthcare activities, and communication and (inter)professional cooperation. This study examined how recently graduated dentists, in the light of their work experience, evaluate their education in retrospect.Materials and MethodsAll 1074 dentists who graduated between 2012 and mid‐2017 were invited by e‐mail to answer a web survey. Of those, 314 (29%) took part in the study.ResultsThe majority of dentists were positive about their knowledge of general and clinical oral healthcare fields when they graduated (70% and 68%, respectively). Fewer dentists were satisfied with their skills in terms of some specific procedures (50%) and clinical professional areas (33%). By far, the majority (85%) were satisfied with the educational skills of their teachers. The majority (70%) felt that their education fitted in well with their professional practice. Nevertheless, 60% thought a year's trainee work experience would be a good idea. The overall evaluation of dentists who have their own practices was less positive than those who do not.ConclusionKnowledge and skills relating to managing a practice were not sufficiently addressed in the programme. The introduction of a practical internship would be desirable, preferably during the education. But when they look back, the majority of recently graduated dentists in the Netherlands are generally positive about the education they received.
COVID‐19 vaccine in patients with Dravet syndrome: Observations and real‐world experiences
Authors: Hood Veronica , Berg Anne T. , Knupp Kelly G. , Koh Sookyong , Laux Linda , Meskis Mary Anne , Zulfiqar‐Ali Quratulain , Perry M. Scott , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Sullivan Joseph , Wirrell Elaine , Andrade Danielle M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveVaccination against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is a primary tool to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, vaccination is a common seizure trigger in individuals with Dravet syndrome (DS). Information surrounding COVID‐19 vaccine side effects in patients with DS would aid caregivers and providers in decisions for and management of COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsA survey was emailed to the Dravet Syndrome Foundation's Family Network and posted to the Dravet Parent & Caregiver Support Group on Facebook between May and August 2021. Deidentified information obtained included demographics and vaccination status for individuals with DS. Vaccine type, side effects, preventative measures, and changes in seizure activity following COVID‐19 vaccination were recorded. For unvaccinated individuals, caregivers were asked about intent to vaccinate and reasons for their decision.ResultsOf 278 survey responses, 120 represented vaccinated individuals with DS (median age = 19.5 years), with 50% reporting no side effects from COVID‐19 vaccination. Increased seizures following COVID‐19 vaccination were reported in 16 individuals, but none had status epilepticus. Of the 158 individuals who had not received a COVID‐19 vaccination, 37 were older than 12 years (i.e., eligible at time of study), and only six of these caregivers indicated intent to seek vaccination. The remaining 121 responses were caregivers to children younger than 12 years, 60 of whom indicated they would not seek COVID‐19 vaccination when their child with DS became eligible. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were fear of increased seizure activity and concerns about vaccine safety.SignificanceThese results indicate COVID‐19 vaccination is well tolerated by individuals with DS. One main reason for vaccine hesitancy was fear of increased seizure activity, which occurred in only 13% of vaccinated individuals, and none had status epilepticus. This study provides critical and reassuring insights for caregivers and health care providers making decisions about the safety of COVID‐19 vaccinations for individuals with DS.
Intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the deep Dead Sea during the early Holocene Mediterranean sapropel 1 deposition
Authors: Levy Elan J. , Thomas Camille , Antler Gilad , Gavrieli Ittai , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Grossi Vincent , Ariztegui Daniel , Sivan Orit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hypersaline Dead Sea and its sediments are natural laboratories for studying extremophile microorganism habitat response to environmental change. In modern times, increased freshwater runoff to the lake surface waters resulted in stratification and dilution of the upper water column followed by microbial blooms. However, whether these events facilitated a microbial response in the deep lake and sediments is obscure. Here we investigate archived evidence of microbial processes and changing regional hydroclimate conditions by reconstructing deep Dead Sea chemical compositions from pore fluid major ion concentration and stable S, O, and C isotopes, together with lipid biomarkers preserved in the hypersaline deep Dead Sea ICDP‐drilled core sediments dating to the early Holocene (ca. 10,000 years BP). Following a significant negative lake water balance resulting in salt layer deposits at the start of the Holocene, there was a general period of positive net water balance at 9500–8300 years BP. The pore fluid isotopic composition of sulfate exhibit evidence of intensified microbial sulfate reduction, where both and of sulfate show a sharp increase from estimated base values of 15.0‰ and 13.9‰ to 40.2‰ and 20.4‰, respectively, and a vs. slope of 0.26. The presence of the n‐C17 alkane biomarker in the sediments suggests an increase of cyanobacteria or phytoplankton contribution to the bulk organic matter that reached the deepest parts of the Dead Sea. Although hydrologically disconnected, both the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea microbial ecosystems responded to increased freshwater runoff during the early Holocene, with the former depositing the organic‐rich sapropel 1 layer due to anoxic water column conditions. In the Dead Sea prolonged positive net water balance facilitated primary production and algal blooms in the upper waters and intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the hypolimnion and/or at the sediment–brine interface.
Modified Giemsa Stain: A solution to improve the quality of hypercellular bone marrow smears
Authors: Gunawardena Dammika , Priyankara Isuru , Jayamanne Hiranthi , Suresh Sasikala 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMorphology is still the cornerstone of the diagnosis of haematological malignancies where the quality of staining plays a major role. The hypercellularity of a smear interferes with the quality of staining. We compared a newly modified giemsa stain (MGS) as a routine method for staining hypercellular bone marrow smears over the conventional Leishman method and the May Grunwald Giemsa method (MGG) in a completely randomized block study.MethodsQuality of staining, cost, labour intensiveness and turnaround time of the new method was compared with MGG and Leishman methods for bone marrow smears of acute leukaemia using 30 cases. Bone marrow smears were blindly reviewed for the degree of staining of nuclei, cytoplasm and granules on a scale of 0 to 4 and statistically analysed by Minitab 16.ResultsA significant difference (p < .05) was revealed for the quality of staining of nuclei, cytoplasm and granules, and it was found that the new MGS was superior to the MGG and Leishman method. The cost of staining was lowest in the new MGS and the staining time of the new MGS was 76% less than MGG and 9.09% greater than the Leishman method. In terms of turnaround time, the new MGS is somewhat similar to the Leishman method and is user‐friendly with a lesser number of steps to follow, compared with MGG.ConclusionOur study showed that the new MGS is overall far superior, cost‐effective and user‐friendly compared with other conventional staining methods when used for hypercellular bone marrows.
What do we know about the experience of seclusion in a forensic setting? An integrative literature review
Authors: Hansen Alison , Hazelton Michael , Rosina Robyn , Inder Kerry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeclusion is used in forensic and general mental health settings to protect a person or others from harm. However, seclusion can result in trauma‐related harm and re‐traumatization with little known about the experience of seclusion for consumers in forensic mental health settings from their perspectives. This article explores consumer experiences of seclusion in forensic mental health settings and explores the differences between female and male experiences of seclusion. Five electronic databases were systematically searched using keywords and variations of experience, attitude, seclusion, coercion, forensic mental health, and forensic psychiatry. Inclusion criteria were original peer‐reviewed studies conducted in adult forensic mental health settings reporting data on the experiences of or attitudes towards seclusion. Seven studies met the criteria for inclusion and a quality assessment was undertaken. Results found consumers in forensic mental health settings perceive seclusion to be harmful, a punishment for their behaviour, and largely a negative experience that impacts their emotional health. Some consumers report positive experiences of seclusion. Differences in the experience of seclusion for females and males are unclear. Further research is required to understand the experience of seclusion for women in forensic mental health settings. Identification and consideration of differences in the experience of seclusion for males and females may assist in identifying sex‐specific interventions and may inform policy and practices to eliminate or reduce the trauma associated with seclusion use.
Transitioning adolescent mental health care services: The steps to care model
Authors: Farrell Marian L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTopicA crisis exists regarding the number of children and adolescents who require psychiatric/mental health treatment. According to the 2018−2019 National Survey of Children's Health, 24.4% of children, age 3−17 years, experienced one or more reported mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral (MEDB) problems.PurposeTransitioning from child/adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS) requires a model of care that includes flexible policies and treatment options to accommodate individual developmental needs. Comprehensive and integrated psychiatric/mental health services are needed to improve the well‐being of children and adolescents.ConclusionsThe Steps to Care Model (STCM) provides a transition plan for adolescents into adult psychiatric/mental health services. The STCM consists of six overlapping segments: development of social and human capital, strategies for the promotion of mental health awareness and care, a shared electronic information system, comprehensive mental health care services in community‐based settings, implementing education for all providers, and planned transitional services for youth.
Joint Institutional Frameworks in EU Bilateral Agreements: Joint Bodies, Rules and Principles, and Special Procedures
Authors: Tyushka Andriy , Phinnemore David , Weiß Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis introductory article makes the case for studying joint institutional frameworks (JIFs) in EU bilateral agreements and provides an overview of the remaining contributions to the symposium. In doing so, it addresses contemporary policy developments and theoretical debates in political science and international institutional law. It considers the rationale, design, performance as well as legitimacy of JIFs both in general and, in particular, in the EU's contractual bilateral relations. By mapping out the variety of JIFs in distinct geographical and regulatory contexts, the article develops an overarching argument about the ‘transversal’ nature of such structural frameworks, focusing on the most prevalent structural principles and rules, joint bodies and special procedures, including those not covered in detail in the other contributions to this symposium.
Reciprocal associations between peer problems and non‐suicidal self‐injury throughout adolescence
Authors: De Luca Lisa , Giletta Matteo , Menesini Ersilia , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPeer problems have emerged as important predictors of Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury (NSSI) development during adolescence. However, the possibility that adolescents who engage in NSSI may, in turn, be at increased risk for experiencing difficulties with their peers has rarely been examined. This study investigated the reciprocal associations between peer problems (e.g. peer victimization, friendship stress and loneliness) and NSSI throughout adolescence, distinguishing between‐ and within‐person effects.MethodParticipants were 866 adolescents (54.5% females; Mage = 13.12 years, SD = 0.78), who took part in six waves of data collection. Adolescents completed self‐report measures of NSSI, friendship stress and loneliness and they took part in a peer nomination procedure to assess peer victimization. Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Models (RI‐CLPMs) were used to estimate within‐person cross‐lagged effects between each peer problem and NSSI from Grade 7 to 12.ResultsAfter accounting for between‐person associations between peer problems and NSSI, results indicated that higher‐than‐usual levels of NSSI predicted higher‐than‐usual levels of adolescents’ own friendship stress, loneliness and peer victimization at the subsequent time point. Yet, sensitivity analyses revealed that most of these effects were strongly attenuated and explained by within‐person fluctuations in depressive symptoms. No within‐person cross‐lagged effects from peer problems to NSSI were found.ConclusionsFindings highlight that the associations between peer problems (i.e. friendship stress, loneliness) and NSSI may be largely explained by shared underlying factors; yet, some evidence also suggests that NSSI engagement may increase adolescents’ risk to experience difficulties in the relationships with their peers, in part via increases in depressive symptoms.