bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of musculoskeletal presentations in general practice: an epidemiological study
Authors: Keavy Ruairi , Horton Robbie , Al-Dadah Oday 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
It is estimated that 18.8 million people in the United Kingdom are living with a musculoskeletal (MSK) condition. It is a major cause of morbidity and a significant reason for presentation to primary care.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of MSK conditions presenting for consultation in general practice (GP), and how they are managed.

Design and setting
Epidemiological study.

Method
Patient episode consultations were reviewed at an urban community general practice. This involved evaluating morning consultations over a 1-week period from each of January, April, July, and October 2018. This included all the morning consultations from all GPs present. The number of MSK consultations was recorded, and within that the different presentations and their management plan.

Results
A total of 545 consultations were reviewed, of which 115 were related to an MSK presentation: an overall prevalence of 21.1%. The commonest MSK presentations related to the lumbosacral spine (18.3%) and the knee joint (17.4%). Re-presentations of an existing condition accounted for 73.9% of all MSK consultations. Steroid injections were administered in 33% of knee related consultations.

Conclusion
MSK presentations account for a large proportion of GP workload, but there is currently no mandatory training in orthopedics as part of the GP curriculum. Structured MSK education for GPs is important and may reduce the burden of re-presentations. Competency in joint injection is also an important skill for GPs.
Glacier melt-down changes habitat characteristics and unique microbial community composition and physiology in alpine lake sediments
Authors: Kleinteich Julia , Hanselmann Kurt , Hildebrand Falk , Kappler Andreas , Zarfl Christiane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Glacial melt-down alters hydrological and physico-chemical conditions in downstream aquatic habitats. In this study, we tested if sediment-associated microbial communities respond to the decrease of glaciers and associated meltwater flows in high-alpine lakes. We analyzed 16 lakes in forefield catchments of three glaciers in the Eastern Swiss Alps on physico-chemical and biological parameters. We compared lakes fed by glacier meltwater with hydrologically disconnected lakes, as well as “mixed” lakes that received water from both other lake types. Glacier-fed lakes had a higher turbidity (94 NTU) and conductivity (47 µS/cm), but were up to 5.2°C colder than disconnected lakes (1.5 NTU, 26 µS/cm). Nutrient concentration was low in all lakes (TN &lt; 0.05 mg/l, TP &lt; 0.02 mg/l). Bacterial diversity in the sediments decreased significantly with altitude. Bacterial community composition correlated with turbidity, temperature, conductivity, nitrate, and lake age and was distinctly different between glacier-fed compared to disconnected and mixed water lakes, but not between catchments. Chemoheterotrophic processes were more abundant in glacier-fed compared to disconnected and mixed water lakes where photoautotrophic processes dominated. Our study suggests that the loss of glaciers will change sediment bacterial community composition and physiology that are unique for glacier-fed lakes in mountain and polar regions.
A roadmap to understanding diversity and function of coral reef-associated fungi
Authors: Roik Anna , Reverter Miriam , Pogoreutz Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTropical coral reefs are hotspots of marine productivity, owing to the association of reef-building corals with endosymbiotic algae and metabolically diverse bacterial communities. However, the functional importance of fungi, well-known for their contribution to shaping terrestrial ecosystems and global nutrient cycles, remains underexplored on coral reefs. We here conceptualize how fungal functional traits may have facilitated the spread, diversification, and ecological adaptation of marine fungi on coral reefs. We propose that functions of reef-associated fungi may be diverse and go beyond their hitherto described roles of pathogens and bioeroders, including but not limited to reef-scale biogeochemical cycles and the structuring of coral-associated and environmental microbiomes via chemical mediation. Recent technological and conceptual advances will allow the elucidation of the physiological, ecological, and chemical contributions of understudied marine fungi to coral holobiont and reef ecosystem functioning and health and may help provide an outlook for reef management actions.
Evolution of the Short Form of DNMT3A, DNMT3A2, Occurred in the Common Ancestor of Mammals
Authors: Ishihara Teruhito , Hickford Danielle , Fenelon Jane C , Griffith Oliver W , Suzuki Shunsuke , Renfree Marilyn B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Genomic imprinting is found in marsupial and eutherian mammals, but not in monotremes. While the primary regulator of genomic imprinting in eutherians is differential DNA methylation between parental alleles, conserved imprinted genes in marsupials tend to lack DNA methylation at their promoters. DNA methylation at eutherian imprinted genes is mainly catalyzed by a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme, DNMT3A. There are two isoforms of eutherian DNMT3A: DNMT3A and DNMT3A2. DNMT3A2 is the primary isoform for establishing DNA methylation at eutherian imprinted genes and is essential for eutherian genomic imprinting. In this study, we investigated whether DNMT3A2 is also present in the two other mammalian lineages, marsupials and monotremes. We identified DNMT3A2 in both marsupials and monotremes, although imprinting has not been identified in monotremes. By analyzing genomic sequences and transcriptome data across vertebrates, we concluded that the evolution of DNMT3A2 occurred in the common ancestor of mammals. In addition, DNMT3A/3A2 gene and protein expression during gametogenesis showed distinct sexual dimorphisms in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby, and this pattern coincided with the sex-specific DNA methylation reprogramming in this species as it does in mice. Our results show that DNMT3A2 is present in all mammalian groups and suggests that the basic DNMT3A/3A2-based DNA methylation mechanism is conserved at least in therian mammals.
Theory of phase transmission fibre-optic deformation sensing
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Bogris Adonis , Nikas Thomas , Bowden Daniel , Lentas Konstantinos , Melis Nikolaos S , Simos Christos , Simos Iraklis , Smolinski Krystyna 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYWe present a theory and conceptual examples for fibre-optic deformation sensing based on phase changes of transmitted light. As a first result, we establish an exact relation between observable phase changes and the deformation tensor along the fibre. This relation is nonlinear and includes effects related to both local changes in fibre length and deformation-induced changes of the local refractive index. In cases where the norm of the deformation tensor is much smaller than 1, a useful first-order relation can be derived. It connects phase changes to an integral over in-line strain along the fibre times the local refractive index. When spatial variations of the refractive index are negligible, this permits the calculation of phase change measurements from distributed strain measurements, for instance, from distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). An alternative form of the first-order relation reveals that a directional sensitivity determines the ability of a point along the fibre to measure deformation. This directional sensitivity is proportional to fibre curvature and spatial variability of the refractive index. In a series of simple conceptual examples, we illustrate how a seismic wavefield is represented in a phase change time-series and what the role of higher-order effects may be. Specifically, we demonstrate that variable curvature along the fibre may lead to a multiplication of seismic waves, meaning that a single seismic wave appears multiple times in a recording of optical phase changes. Furthermore, we show that higher-order effects may be observable in specific scenarios, including deformation exactly perpendicular to the fibre orientation. Though higher-order effects may be realized in controlled laboratory settings, they are unlikely to occur in seismic experiments where fibre geometries are irregular and waves asymptotically propagate in all directions with all possible polarizations as a consequence of 3-D heterogeneity. Our results provide the mathematical foundation for the analysis of emerging transmission-based fibre-optic sensing data, and their later use in seismic event characterization and studies of Earth structure.
Linkage of multiple electronic health record datasets using a ‘spine linkage’ approach compared with all ‘pairwise linkages’
Authors: Blake Helen A , Sharples Linda D , Harron Katie , van der Meulen Jan H , Walker Kate 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Methods for linking records between two datasets are well established. However, guidance is needed for linking more than two datasets. Using all ‘pairwise linkages’—linking each dataset to every other dataset—is the most inclusive, but resource-intensive, approach. The ‘spine’ approach links each dataset to a designated ‘spine dataset’, reducing the number of linkages, but potentially reducing linkage quality.

Methods
We compared the pairwise and spine linkage approaches using real-world data on patients undergoing emergency bowel cancer surgery between 31 October 2013 and 30 April 2018. We linked an administrative hospital dataset (Hospital Episode Statistics; HES) capturing patients admitted to hospitals in England, and two clinical datasets comprising patients diagnosed with bowel cancer and patients undergoing emergency bowel surgery.

Results
The spine linkage approach, with HES as the spine dataset, created an analysis cohort of 15 826 patients, equating to 98.3% of the 16 100 patients identified using the pairwise linkage approach. There were no systematic differences in patient characteristics between these analysis cohorts. Associations of patient and tumour characteristics with mortality, complications and length of stay were not sensitive to the linkage approach. When eligibility criteria were applied before linkage, spine linkage included 14 509 patients (90.0% compared with pairwise linkage).

Conclusion
Spine linkage can be used as an efficient alternative to pairwise linkage if case ascertainment in the spine dataset and data quality of linkage variables are high. These aspects should be systematically evaluated in the nominated spine dataset before spine linkage is used to create the analysis cohort.
Decreased Antibody Response After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination in Patients With Down Syndrome
Authors: Streng Bianca M M , Bont Marin , Delemarre Eveline M , Binnendijk Rob S , Smit Gaby , den Hartog Gerco , Coppus Antonia M W , de Vries Esther , Weijerman Michel E , Lamberts Regina , de Graaf Gert , van der Klis Fiona R , Vidarsson Gestur , Rave Neele , Bont Louis J , Wildenbeest Joanne G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The risk of a severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in adults with Down syndrome is increased, resulting in an up to 10-fold increase in mortality, in particular in those &gt;40 years of age. After primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the higher risks remain. In this prospective observational cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 spike S1–specific antibody responses after routine SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (BNT162b2, messenger RNA [mRNA]–1273, or ChAdOx1) in adults with Down syndrome and healthy controls were compared. Adults with Down syndrome showed lower antibody concentrations after 2 mRNA vaccinations or after 2 ChAdOx1 vaccinations. After 2 mRNA vaccinations, lower antibody concentrations were seen with increasing age.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05145348.
Intergovernmental Conflict and Censorship: Evidence from China’s Anti-Corruption Campaign
Authors: Zhuang Maiting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
I study how local Chinese newspapers report on the national anti-corruption campaign by collecting a large-scale dataset of newspaper articles, internet searches, and comments on social media. Despite greater reader interest, local newspapers underreport, and deemphasise corruption scandals involving high-level officials from their own province. Underreporting is greater when a corrupt official is well connected, and a newspaper does not rely on advertising revenue. City-level newspapers report less about corruption in their own city but are more likely to report about corruption within the provincial government. I present suggestive evidence that this type of localised censorship reduces the accountability of local governments.
Framing vaccine mandates: messenger and message effects
Authors: Buccafusco Christopher , Hemel Daniel J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In September 2021, President Biden announced that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) would require large employers to ensure workers are vaccinated against Covid-19 or tested weekly. Although widely characterized as ‘Biden’s vaccine mandate’, the policy could be described with equal accuracy as ‘OSHA’s testing mandate’. Some commentators speculated that reframing the policy as a testing mandate would boost support. This study investigates how framing effects shape attitudes toward vaccination policies. Before the Supreme Court struck down the vaccinate-or-test rule, we presented 1500 US adults with different descriptions of the same requirement. Reframing ‘Biden’s vaccine mandate’ as ‘OSHA’s testing mandate’ significantly increased support, boosting net approval by 13 percentage points. The effect was driven by changing the ‘messenger frame’ (replacing ‘Biden’ with ‘OSHA’) rather than changing the ‘message frame’ (replacing ‘vaccine mandate’ with ‘testing mandate’). Our results suggest that messenger framing can meaningfully affect public opinion even after a policy is widely known. Our study also reveals a potential cost of presidential administration when partisan divisions are deep. Framing a regulatory policy as an extension of the president can elicit strong—here, negative—reactions that may be avoidable if the policy is framed as the work of a bureaucratic agency.
Do Vacancies Hurt Federal Agency Performance?
Authors: Piper Christopher , Lewis David E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe combination of the high workload associated with keeping top executive branch positions filled and political dysfunction has led to longer and more frequent periods of vacancies in the U.S. executive branch. While scholars commonly claim that such vacancies are harmful for performance, this claim has been difficult to evaluate because of theoretical disagreement, conceptual confusion, and measurement challenges. In this article, we evaluate the relationship between vacancies and performance, describing primary mechanisms by which vacancies (as opposed to turnover) influence performance. We conduct a cross-sectional study using new data on appointee vacancies during the Trump Administration and original performance data from a 2020 survey of federal executives. The Survey on the Future of Government Service includes questions designed to measure comparative self-reported agency performance and questions targeting the mechanisms hypothesized to link vacancies and performance. The article includes efforts to define and validate the measure of performance, assess the directionality of the relationship between vacancies and performance, control for potential confounders that may explain both vacancies and performance, and evaluate the mechanisms by which vacancies negatively affect performance. The results from ordinary least squares (OLS) models suggest that persistent vacancies are correlated with lower performance. In particular, agencies with persistent vacancies (e.g., 3–4 years) have performance ratings of about 1 SD lower than those agencies with consistent confirmed leadership. The most likely mechanisms leading to these results are the effect of vacancies on leader time horizons, agency morale, and investment by key stakeholders. We conclude with implications for appointment politics and administrative politicization.
Auxins in the right space and time regulate pea fruit development
Authors: Ludwig-Müller Jutta 
Published: June 2022

This article comments on:Ozga JA, Jayasinghege CPA, Kaur H, Gao L, Nadeau CD, Reinecke DM. 2022 Auxin receptors as integrators of developmental and hormonal signals during reproductive development in pea. Journal of Experimental Botany 73, 4094–4112
Fixed Buffer Zone Legislation: A Proportionate Response to Demonstrations Outside Abortion Clinics in England and Wales?
Authors: Ottley Emily 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is concern that the recent increase in demonstrations outside abortion clinics in England and Wales may have a detrimental impact on clinic-users’ access to abortion services. Parliament could respond to this concern by passing legislation that implements fixed buffer zones around all clinics providing abortion services in England and Wales. This would make it an offence to engage in prohibited behaviour (as defined by the legislation) within a specified area around abortion clinics. Such legislation may be challenged, however, on the basis that it interferes with the rights afforded to demonstrators by Articles 9, 10, and 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This article examines the proportionality of fixed buffer zone legislation, which has not yet been considered by the European Court of Human Rights nor the UK Supreme Court. Two relationships are considered: first, the relationship between the aims of the measures and the means to achieve those aims; second, the relationship between the competing interests of demonstrators opposing abortion and clinic-users seeking an abortion. This article shows that fixed buffer zone legislation can be proportionate. Consequently, the ECHR is no impediment to the enactment of fixed buffer zone legislation in England and Wales.
Velocity dispersions of clusters in the Dark Energy Survey Y3 redMaPPer catalogue
Authors: Wetzell V , Jeltema T E , Hegland B , Everett S , Giles P A , Wilkinson R , Farahi A , Costanzi M , Hollowood D L , Upsdell E , Saro A , Myles J , Bermeo A , Bhargava S , Collins C A , Cross D , Eiger O , Gardner G , Hilton M , Jobel J , Kelly P , Laubner D , Liddle A R , Mann R G , Martinez V , Mayers J , McDaniel A , Romer A K , Rooney P , Sahlen M , Stott J , Swart A , Turner D J , Viana P T P , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Andrade-Oliveira F , Annis J , Asorey J , Bertin E , Burke D L , Calcino J , Carnero Rosell A , Carollo D , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Choi A , Crocce M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Davis T M , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Glazebrook K , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lewis G F , Lidman C , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas Malagón A A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Thomas D , Tucker B E , Tucker D L , Varga T N , Weller J ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We measure the velocity dispersions of clusters of galaxies selected by the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) algorithm in the first three years of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), allowing us to probe cluster selection and richness estimation, λ, in light of cluster dynamics. Our sample consists of 126 clusters with sufficient spectroscopy for individual velocity dispersion estimates. We examine the correlations between cluster velocity dispersion, richness, X-ray temperature, and luminosity, as well as central galaxy velocity offsets. The velocity dispersion–richness relation exhibits a bimodal distribution. The majority of clusters follow scaling relations between velocity dispersion, richness, and X-ray properties similar to those found for previous samples; however, there is a significant population of clusters with velocity dispersions that are high for their richness. These clusters account for roughly 22 per cent of the λ &lt; 70 systems in our sample, but more than half (55 per cent) of λ &lt; 70 clusters at z &gt; 0.5. A couple of these systems are hot and X-ray bright as expected for massive clusters with richnesses that appear to have been underestimated, but most appear to have high velocity dispersions for their X-ray properties likely due to line-of-sight structure. These results suggest that projection effects contribute significantly to redMaPPer selection, particularly at higher redshifts and lower richnesses. The redMaPPer determined richnesses for the velocity dispersion outliers are consistent with their X-ray properties, but several are X-ray undetected and deeper data are needed to understand their nature.
Spectropolarimetry of the tidal disruption event AT 2019qiz: a quasi-spherical reprocessing layer
Authors: Patra Kishore C , Lu Wenbin , Brink Thomas G , Yang Yi , Filippenko Alexei V , Vasylyev Sergiy S 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present optical spectropolarimetry of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT 2019qiz on days +0 and +29 relative to maximum brightness. Continuum polarization, which informs the shape of the electron-scattering surface, was found to be consistent with 0 per cent at peak brightness. On day +29, the continuum polarization rose to ∼1 per cent, making this the first reported spectropolarimetric evolution of a TDE. These findings are incompatible with a naked eccentric disc that lacks significant mass outflow. Instead, the spectropolarimetry paints a picture wherein, at maximum brightness, high-frequency emission from the accretion disc is reprocessed into the optical band by a nearly spherical, optically thick, electron-scattering photosphere located far away from the black hole. We estimate the radius of the scattering photosphere to be $\sim 100\rm \, au$ at maximum brightness – significantly larger than the tidal radius ($\sim 1\rm \, au$) and the thermalization radius ($\sim 30\rm \, au$) where the optical continuum is formed. A month later, as the fallback rate drops and the scattering photosphere recedes, the continuum polarization increases, revealing a moderately aspherical interior. We also see evidence for smaller scale density variations in the scattering photosphere, inferred from the scatter of the data in the Stokes q−u plane. On day +29, the H α emission-line peak is depolarized to ∼0.3 per cent (compared to ∼1 per cent continuum polarization), and displays a gradual rise towards the line’s redder wavelengths. This observation indicates the H α line formed near the electron-scattering radius.