bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weed control and rice response from clomazone applied at different timings in a water-seeded system
Authors: Becerra-Alvarez Aaron , Ceseski Alex R , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClomazone is a widely used herbicide in California water-seeded rice for control of bearded sprangletop and watergrass. Generally, clomazone is applied to a flooded rice field at day of rice seeding. However, interest exists among growers to delay the clomazone application. Weather variability may encourage growers to practice Leathers’ method. Leathers’ method is the practice of draining the field 1 to 2 d after air seeding to encourage better and more uniform seedling establishment, then reflooding back to a 10- to 15-cm flood 4 to 7 d later. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate grass weed control and rice response at four rates of clomazone, applied at two timings: at day of seeding (DOS) in a continuous 10-cm flood and after Leathers’ method. This study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA. In 2019, there were no difference across clomazone rates on control of bearded sprangletop independent of application timing used; however, in 2020, bearded sprangletop control with clomazone applied after Leathers’ method was 70% to 71% across clomazone rate by 60 d after treatment (DAT), compared to 92% to 97% in the DOS applications. Watergrass control was 100% in 2019 across clomazone rate and application timing. However, in 2020, watergrass control was greater at the DOS application at 54% to 71%. Clomazone applied at the 0.7 kg ha−1 Leathers’ method resulted in 84% bleaching by 14 DAT and was similar across all Leathers’ method clomazone applications and the 0.7 kg ha−1 DOS application. There was no rice grain yield difference among all clomazone-treated plots, with the exception of the 0.7 kg ha−1 Leathers’ method interaction with the DOS applications.
The Influence of the Hypergravity Field During Bubble Ripening in Porous Media
Authors: Chen R. , Chen Y. , Xu W. , Hu Y. , Zhan L. , Li J. , Zhuang D. , Li K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of carbon dioxide geological storage, the Ostwald ripening process in pores has attracted the attention of researchers due to its application to storage stability problems. However, this process is difficult to reproduce accurately in the laboratory due to the large mass transfer time scale. This article utilizes two theoretical models of gravity‐induced ripening to analyze the influence of the hypergravity field on the process. It is concluded that a decades‐long mass transfer process can be shortened to 10 days if the acceleration of gravity is increased by 1,000 times. Moreover, if the scaling laws are considered, a scaled hypergravity model can be used to reproduce long‐term and large‐scale geological phenomena in a short period, facilitating future research on the Ostwald ripening process in hypergravity centrifuges.
Characteristics and Removal of Continuous Topographic Scattering in Dense Array Receiver Function Imaging
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Ge Zengxi , Guo Zhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith dense nodal seismic arrays growing rapidly, receiver function (RF) imaging has revealed unprecedented small‐scale features. However, whether these fine signals represent real intra‐crustal structures needs to be verified. In this study, we take the RF profiles recorded by a dense array in Ruoergai basin in northeastern Tibet as an example and demonstrate that continuous dipping phases in receiver functions (RFs) could be generated from the interference between the incoming P‐wave and dramatic topographic variations. Full‐waveform modeling illustrates that when an incident P‐wave encounters a topographic peak, it can induce scattered P‐ and Rayleigh waves that propagate in backward and forward directions, consistent with the observations. The scattered Rayleigh waves exhibit a cosine radiation pattern in R‐components, which explains the azimuthal‐dependent observation of dipping phases in RF profiles. We then propose a two‐step separation method to suppress the continuous topographic scattered phases in RF imaging, which involves a time‐domain adaptive matched filtering and a curvelet‐based separation. The resulting common conversion point (CCP) images show that the method can effectively suppress the continuous scattered phases induced by topography. CCP images exhibit flat intra‐crustal layers, suggesting a decoupled deformation style in the upper and lower crust in NE Tibet. The upper crustal layer may represent the basement of the décollement layer, and the intermittent lower crustal interfaces are likely to indicate the partial melt within the crustal channel flow. The separation method is applicable for dense nodal array RF imaging to reveal reliable, detailed intra‐crustal structures in tectonically active regions that developed dramatic topography.
Evolution of Jupiter‐Style Critical Latitudes: Initial Laboratory Altimetry Results
Authors: Afanasyev Y. D. , Dowling T. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis is a laboratory zonal‐jet study using a rotating water tank. The bottom topography has a tent‐shaped radial cross section designed to generate two critical latitudes, that is, two positions whereβe, the radial gradient of the potential vorticity (PV), changes sign. This configuration is motivated by observations indicating that Jupiter and Saturn have not only multiple zonal jets, but multiple stable critical latitudes. It is known that “supersonic” critical latitudes (with respect to Rossby waves) are stable, whereas “subsonic” critical latitudes are posited to be unstable. Because Rossby waves are unidirectional, “supersonic” critical latitudes come in two varieties: Rossby Mach numberMR > 1 and < 0, where the latter holds when the waves are directed downstream. Experiments focus on: (a) how do zonal jets emerge from localized forcing in a system with alternating PV gradients? and (b) what differences are there between the evolution of various types of critical latitudes? The water is forced by mass injection along one radius. Laboratory altimetry provides accurate, unobtrusive records of the circulations that reveal the emergence of counter‐propagatingβ‐plumes (Rossby‐wave envelopes), which expand into tank‐encircling zonal jets. The tank's negativeβezone (annulus) is characterized byMR∼ 1. The weaker critical latitude adjusts its position by about 4% of the tank radius and maintainsMR∼ 1, similar to the state surmised for Jupiter and Saturn, whereas the stronger critical latitude vacillates while maintaining |MR| ≪ 1 and may be relevant to steep oceanic seamounts.
A Spectrum of Convective Self‐Aggregation Based on Background Rotation
Authors: Carstens Jacob D. , Wing Allison A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution modeling reveals a tendency for deep convection to spontaneously self‐aggregate from radiative‐convective equilibrium. Self‐aggregated convection takes different forms in nonrotating versus rotating environments, including tropical cyclones (TCs) in the latter. This suggests that self‐aggregation (SA), and the relative roles of the mechanisms that cause it, may undergo a gradual regime shift as the ambient rotation changes. We address this hypothesis using 31 cloud‐resolving model simulations on f‐planes corresponding to latitudes between 0.1° and 20°, spanning a range of weakly rotating environments largely unexplored in prior literature. Simulations are classified into three groups. The first (low‐f, 0.1°–5°) is characterized by the growth of several dry patches. Surface enthalpy flux feedbacks dominate in this initial growth phase, followed by radiative (primarily cloud longwave) effects. Eventually, convection takes the form of either a nonrotating band or a quasi‐circular cluster. In contrast, the 9°–20° (high‐f) group dries less rapidly in early stages, though enhanced surface flux effects form a moist anomaly that undergoes TC genesis. The TC then acts to dry the remainder of the domain. Finally, a set of 6°–8° (medium‐f) simulations fails to fully self‐aggregate, producing convection across most of the domain through the full 100‐day simulation. The combination of relatively weak diabatic feedbacks and a negative advective feedback prevents SA from completing in this group. The advective feedback becomes more negative with increasing rotation, but high‐f simulations compensate by having sufficiently strong surface flux feedbacks to support TC genesis.
Reduction of Mutual Coupling and Cross‐Polarization of Microstrip MIMO Antenna Using Electromagnetic Soft Surface (EMSS)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Swati , Mandal Santimoy , Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Banerjee Soumen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMutual coupling, in case of closely spaced microstrip antenna elements, is an inevitable phenomenon degrading antenna performances like gain, radiation pattern, return loss, radiation efficiency, etc. In this paper, an approach toward the suppression of mutual coupling between two closely spaced microstrip radiators is presented for the proposed Multiple‐Input‐Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antennas. The same has been materialized through an insertion of a properly designed Electromagnetic Soft Surface structure between the radiating elements, which acts as an electrical wall between two rectangular patches and reduces the mutual coupling up to 50 dB at resonant frequency of 4.35 GHz. An attempt toward reduction of cross‐polarization by 12.5 dB is also achieved with a gain of 5.4 dBi for the proposed antenna. The center‐to‐center spacing between the antenna elements is kept at 22.1 mm (0.32λ). The proposed MIMO antenna structure will be useful in case of radar‐ and satellite‐based communication systems.
Machine Learning‐Based Surrogate Modeling for Urban Water Networks: Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Garzón A. , Kapelan Z. , Langeveld J. , Taormina R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurrogate models replace computationally expensive simulations of physically‐based models to obtain accurate results at a fraction of the time. These surrogate models, also known as metamodels, have been employed for analysis, control, and optimization of water distribution and urban drainage systems. With the advent of machine learning (ML), water engineers have increasingly resorted to these data‐driven techniques to develop metamodels of urban water networks (UWNs). In this article, we review 31 recent articles on ML‐based metamodeling of UWNs to outline the state‐of‐the‐art of the field, identify outstanding gaps, and propose future research directions. For each article, we critically examined the purpose of the metamodel, the metamodel characteristics, and the applied case study. The review shows that current metamodels suffer several drawbacks, including (a) the curse of dimensionality, hindering implementation for large case studies; (b) black‐box deterministic nature, limiting explainability and applicability; and (c) rigid architecture, preventing generalization across multiple case studies. We argue that researchers should tackle these issues by resorting to recent advancements in ML concerning inductive biases, robustness, and transferability. Recently developed neural network architectures, which extend deep learning methods to graph data structures, are preferred candidates for advancing surrogate modeling in UWNs. Furthermore, we foresee increasing efforts for complex applications where metamodels may play a fundamental role, such as uncertainty analysis and multi‐objective optimization. Lastly, the development and comparison of ML‐based metamodels can benefit from the availability of new benchmark datasets for urban drainage systems and realistic complex networks.
Geologic Context of the Bright MARSIS Reflectors in Ultimi Scopuli, South Polar Layered Deposits, Mars
Authors: Landis M. E. , Whitten J. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadar‐bright basal reflectors have been detected below the South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD), using Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) data and have an exciting but controversial interpretation: liquid water from subglacial lakes. We mapped the surface of the SPLD immediately above and surrounding the putative lakes (1:2M map scale) in order to provide a geologic context for the interpretation of bright basal reflectors. We use Thermal Emission Imaging System daytime IR (100 m/pixel), Context Camera (6 m/pixel), and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (25 cm/pixel) data to characterize geologic units and typical surface roughness. We find evidence for multiple geologic units with features due to CO2 and aeolian‐related processes. We do not find evidence for surface modification linked to postulated lake locations. This is not consistent with the interpretation of the MARSIS basal radar reflector as subglacial lakes.
InSight Constraints on the Global Character of the Martian Crust
Authors: Wieczorek Mark A. , Broquet Adrien , McLennan Scott M. , Rivoldini Attilio , Golombek Matthew , Antonangeli Daniele , Beghein Caroline , Giardini Domenico , Gudkova Tamara , Gyalay Szilárd , Johnson Catherine L. , Joshi Rakshit , Kim Doyeon , King Scott D. , Knapmeyer‐Endrun Brigitte , Lognonné Philippe , Michaut Chloé , Mittelholz Anna , Nimmo Francis , Ojha Lujendra , Panning Mark P. , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Siegler Matthew A. , Smrekar Suzanne E. , Spohn Tilman , Banerdt W. Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnalyses of seismic data from the InSight mission have provided the first in situ constraints on the thickness of the crust of Mars. These crustal thickness constraints are currently limited to beneath the lander that is located in the northern lowlands, and we use gravity and topography data to construct global crustal thickness models that satisfy the seismic data. These models consider a range of possible mantle and core density profiles, a range of crustal densities, a low‐density surface layer, and the possibility that the crustal density of the northern lowlands is greater than that of the southern highlands. Using the preferred InSight three‐layer seismic model of the crust, the average crustal thickness of the planet is found to lie between 30 and 72 km. Depending on the choice of the upper mantle density, the maximum permissible density of the northern lowlands and southern highlands crust is constrained to be between 2,850 and 3,100 kg m−3. These crustal densities are lower than typical Martian basaltic materials and are consistent with a crust that is on average more felsic than the materials found at the surface. We argue that a substantial portion of the crust of Mars is a primary crust that formed during the initial differentiation of the planet. Various hypotheses for the origin of the observed intracrustal seisimic layers are assessed, with our preferred interpretation including thick volcanic deposits, ejecta from the Utopia basin, porosity closure, and differentiation products of a Borealis impact melt sheet.
Deficient prefrontal-amygdalar connectivity underlies inefficient face processing in adolescent major depressive disorder
Authors: Willinger David , Karipidis Iliana I. , Häberling Isabelle , Berger Gregor , Walitza Susanne , Brem Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdolescence represents a critical developmental period where the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases. Aberrant emotion processing is a core feature of adolescent MDD that has been associated with functional alterations within the prefrontal-amygdala circuitry. In this study, we tested cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional face processing in adolescents with MDD utilizing a combination of computational modeling and neuroimaging. Thirty adolescents with MDD (age: M = 16.1 SD = 1.4, 20 females) and 33 healthy controls (age: M = 16.2 SD = 1.9, 20 females) performed a dynamic face- and shape-matching task. A linear ballistic accumulator model was fit to the behavioral data to study differences in evidence accumulation. We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to study effective connectivity in the prefrontal-amygdala network to reveal the neural underpinnings of cognitive impairments while performing the task. Face processing efficiency was reduced in the MDD group and most pronounced for ambiguous faces with neutral emotional expressions. Critically, this reduction was related to increased deactivation of the subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC). Connectivity analysis showed that MDD exhibited altered functional coupling in a distributed network spanning the fusiform face area–lateral prefrontal cortex–sgACC and the sgACC–amygdala pathway. Our results suggest that MDD is related to impairments of processing nuanced facial expressions. Distributed dysfunctional coupling in the face processing network might result in inefficient evidence sampling and inappropriate emotional responses contributing to depressive symptomatology. Our study provides novel insights in the characterization of brain function in adolescents with MDD that strongly emphasize the critical role of aberrant prefrontal-amygdala interactions during emotional face processing.
Loss of RBMS1 promotes anti-tumor immunity through enabling PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jinrui , Zhang Ge , Zhang Wenjing , Bai Lu , Wang Luning , Li Tiantian , Yan Li , Xu Yang , Chen Dan , Gao Wenting , Gao Chuanzhou , Chen Chaoqun , Ren Menglin , Jiao Yuexia , Qin Hongqiang , Sun Yu , Zhi Lili , Qi Yangfan , Zhao Jinyao , Liu Quentin , Liu Han , Wang Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy has been widely utilized in multiple tumors, however, its efficacy in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is still being challenged. Meanwhile, functions and mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in regulating immunotherapy for TNBC remain largely elusive. Here we reported that the RNA binding protein RBMS1 is prevalent among immune-cold TNBC. Through a systematic shRNA-mediated screen, we found depletion of RBMS1 significantly reduced the level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in TNBC. Clinically, RBMS1 was increased in breast cancer and its level was positively correlated to that of PD-L1. RBMS1 ablation stimulated cytotoxic T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, RBMS1 regulated the mRNA stability of B4GALT1, a newly identified glycosyltransferase of PD-L1. Depletion of RBMS1 destabilized the mRNA of B4GALT1, inhibited the glycosylation of PD-L1 and promoted the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of PD-L1. Importantly, combination of RBMS1 depletion with CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade or CAR-T treatment enhanced anti-tumor T-cell immunity both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings provided a new immunotherapeutic strategy against TNBC by targeting the immunosuppressive RBMS1.
CircFBXW7 inhibits the tumorigenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through modulating miR-494-3p/SOX1 axis
Authors: Luo Cong , Li Jun-Jun , Wen Feng , Cao Yi-Xiong , Luo Ze-Yu , Long Xing-Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of leukemia with high malignant behaviors, which seriously threatens the health of people. It has been reported that circFBXW7 is downregulated in lymphoblastic leukemia. Nevertheless, the exact role of circFBXW7 in T-ALL remains elusive. MTT assay was used to assess the cell viability. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, mRNA expressions were assessed by RT-qPCR, and a western blot was applied to investigate the protein levels. Meanwhile, the correlation among circFBXW7, miR-494-3p, and SOX1 was explored by RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, a xenograft mice model was conducted to verify the function of circFBXW7 in T-ALL in vivo. CircFBXW7 was significantly downregulated in T-ALL, of which overexpression inhibited the cell viability and induced the apoptosis of Jurkat cells. Moreover, miR-494-3p was identified to be a functional downstream effector to be involved in circFBXW7-mediated T-ALL cell proliferation. Besides, SOX1 was a direct target of miR-494-3p, and the impact of miR-494-3p mimics on T-ALL cell growth was inhibited in the presence of SOX1 overexpression. Furthermore, overexpression of circFBXW7 dramatically inhibited T-ALL tumor growth. In summary, circFBXW7 attenuated the tumorigenesis of T-ALL through the mediation of the miR-494-3p/SOX1 axis, which might be novel targets for T-ALL treatment.
Decoding the pathogenesis of Diamond–Blackfan anemia using single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Wang Bingrui , Wang Chenchen , Wan Yang , Gao Jie , Ma Yige , Zhang Yingnan , Tong Jingyuan , Zhang Yingchi , Liu Jinhua , Chang Lixian , Xu Changlu , Shen Biao , Chen Yumei , Jiang Erlie , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Lim Kim-Chew , Engel James Douglas , Zhou Jiaxi , Cheng Tao , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhu Ping , Shi Lihong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRibosomal protein dysfunction causes diverse human diseases, including Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA). Despite the universal need for ribosomes in all cell types, the mechanisms underlying ribosomopathies, which are characterized by tissue-specific defects, are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of single purified erythroid progenitors isolated from the bone marrow of DBA patients. These patients were categorized into untreated, glucocorticoid (GC)-responsive and GC-non-responsive groups. We found that erythroid progenitors from untreated DBA patients entered S-phase of the cell cycle under considerable duress, resulting in replication stress and the activation of P53 signaling. In contrast, cell cycle progression was inhibited through induction of the type 1 interferon pathway in treated, GC-responsive patients, but not in GC-non-responsive patients. Notably, a low dose of interferon alpha treatment stimulated the production of erythrocytes derived from DBA patients. By linking the innately shorter cell cycle of erythroid progenitors to DBA pathogenesis, we demonstrated that interferon-mediated cell cycle control underlies the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids. Our study suggests that interferon administration may constitute a new alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DBA. The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2000038510.
Magnetic Bloch oscillations and domain wall dynamics in a near-Ising ferromagnetic chain
Authors: Hansen Ursula B. , Syljuåsen Olav F. , Jensen Jens , Schäffer Turi K. , Andersen Christopher R. , Boehm Martin , Rodriguez-Rivera Jose A. , Christensen Niels B. , Lefmann Kim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen charged particles in periodic lattices are subjected to a constant electric field, they respond by oscillating. Here we demonstrate that the magnetic analogue of these Bloch oscillations are realised in a ferromagnetic easy axis chain. In this case, the “particles” undergoing oscillatory motion in the presence of a magnetic field are domain walls. Inelastic neutron scattering reveals three distinct components of the low energy spin-dynamics including a signature Bloch oscillation mode. Using parameter-free theoretical calculations, we are able to account for all features in the excitation spectrum, thus providing detailed insights into the complex dynamics in spin-anisotropic chains.