bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus
Authors: Yang Wanling , Liu Mengshi , Chen Baizhong , Ning Jinrong , Wang Kanghui , Cai Yi , Yang Depo , Zheng Guodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCitri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and differences in phytochemicals about the three herbs, a series of analytic approaches were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in them. The results indicated a total of 48 volatile compounds were determined representing 99.92% of the total relative content of CER extracts, including 24 alkenes, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 2 phenols, while volatile compounds were not extracted from CREA and CFR. CER was abundant in volatile components that mainly existed in the oil gland. And a total of 32, 35, and 28 nonvolatile compounds were identified from CER, CREA, and CFR extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids and phenolic, and hesperidin in CFR was the highest, followed by CREA and CER. Conversely, CER was a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the total polymethoxyflavone content (TPMFC), the content of nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5‐HPMF) in CREA and CFR were extremely low. Besides, CER and CREA had a higher concentration of synephrine than CFR. The phytochemicals of CER, CREA, and CFR were significantly different, which might provide chemical evidence for the comparative pharmacological activities’ research and rational application of them.
Evaluating PM2.5‐Related health costs in China—Evidence from 140 Chinese cities
Authors: Lu Zhi‐Nan , Zhao Mingyuan , Guo Yunxia , Hao Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, China's economy has grown rapidly, and the health condition of Chinese residents has significantly improved. However, this rapid economic and social development has also brought a series of environmental problems, such as serious haze pollution, of which the main contents are PM2.5 particles. The objective of this study is to quantitatively estimate the PM2.5‐related health costs in China.MethodsBased on city‐level data from 140 major Chinese cities as well as the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta city clusters in 2010, the value of a statistical life method based on willingness to pay was employed. Moreover, global and local Moran's I values were calculated to examine the spatial distribution of the health cost of haze pollution in China.ResultsIn areas with heavy haze pollution or a high level of economic development, residents' health costs will also be higher. In addition, there is a spatial aggregation phenomenon in the spatial distribution of health costs in China, which is mainly in the form of “high‐high” aggregation, with high‐value cities converging with other high‐value cities.ConclusionsThe health cost of haze pollution in China is very considerable, and there are regional differences.
Impacts of slip and mass transpiration on Newtonian liquid flow over a porous stretching sheet
Authors: Nagaraju Koratagere Revanna , Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shettar , Siddalinga Prasad Muddenahalli , Souayeh Basma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on analytic solutions for Newtonian fluid flow with slip and mass transpiration on a porous stretching sheet using the differential transform method and Pade approximants of an exceptionally nonlinear differential equation. The impacts of different parameters including mass transpiration (suction/injection), Navier's slip, and Darcy number parameters on the velocity of the liquid and tangential stress are discussed. A comprehensive comparison of our results with the previous one in the literature is made, and the results showed good agreement. An investigation is conducted of a combination of magnetic liquids that are conceivably pertinent for wound medicines, skin repair, and astute coatings for natural gadgets. It is found that there is a decrease in the velocity profiles and the boundary layer thickness for the case of suction.
The nested embryonic dorsal domains of BMP‐target genes are not scaled to size during the evolution of Drosophila species
Authors: Chahda Juan Sebastian , Ambrosi Priscilla , Mizutani Claudia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEgg size is a fast‐evolving trait among Drosophilids expected to change the spatial distribution of morphogens that pattern the embryonic axes. Here we asked whether the patterning of the dorsal region of the embryo by the Decapentaplegic/Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐4 (DPP/BMP‐4) gradient is scaled among Drosophila species with different egg sizes. This region specifies the extra‐embryonic tissue amnioserosa and the ectoderm. We find that the entire dorsal region scales with embryo size, but the gene expression patterns regulated by DPP are not proportional, suggesting that the DPP gradient is differentially scaled during evolution. To further test whether the DPP gradient can scale or not in Drosophila melanogaster, we created embryos with expanded dorsal regions that mimic changes in scale seen in other species and measured the resulting domains of DPP‐target genes. We find that the proportions of these domains are not maintained, suggesting that the DPP gradient is unable to scale in the embryo. These and previous findings suggest that the embryonic dorso‐ventral patterning lack scaling in the ventral and dorsal sides but is robust in the lateral region where the neuroectoderm is specified and two opposing gradients, Dorsal/NFkappa‐B and DPP, intersect. We propose that the lack of scaling of the DPP gradient may contribute to changes in the size of the amnioserosa and the numbers of ectodermal cells with specific cortical tensions, which are expected to generate distinct mechanical forces for gastrulating embryos of different sizes.
Prognosis of pancreatic head cancer with different patterns of lymph node metastasis
Authors: Min Seung Ki , You Yunghun , Choi Dong Wook , Han In Woong , Shin Sang Hyun , Yoon Sokyung , Jung Ji Hye , Yoon So Jeong , Heo Jin Seok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe nodal stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is revised in the AJCC 8th edition. Studies on the prognosis of PDAC according to lymph node metastasis (LNM) are still ongoing. We attempted to find the patterns of nodal involvement and to reveal its clinical significance to overall survival (OS).MethodsWe analyzed 585 patients who received pancreatic head cancer surgery diagnosed as PDAC from January 2007 to December 2016. Patients were classified into three groups: Group 1 (G1, patients without LNM), Group 2 (G2, those with LNM only in the peripancreatic area), and Group 3 (G3 those with LNM in the other area and/or peripancreatic LNM). Risk factors were analyzed by Cox‐regression test and overall survival was compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsLNM in peripancreatic area was the most common (88.7%). In the multivariate analysis, T stage, nuclear differentiation, adjuvant treatment, and the G2 and G3 were independent risk factors for OS (G2 over G1, HR 1.384, 95% CI 1.046–1.802; P = .036 and G3 over G1, HR 2.383, 95% CI 1.378–4.103; P = .001). G3 showed worse OS than G2 (P = .006). In the N1 status, LNM to the pericholedochal (PC) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) areas resulted in worse OS than the G2 (P = .011 and P = .019).ConclusionsWe found that LNM beyond the peripancreatic area significantly affects OS in pancreatic head cancer patients. Depending on the station of the LNM, different risk‐stratification and treatment strategies will need to be considered.
Generation and characterization of humanized synergistic neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Guo Jiazheng , Zhang Jun , Du Peng , Lu Jiansheng , Chen Lei , Huang Ying , Yu Yunzhou , Xie Qing , Wang Rong , Yang Zhixin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe emerging coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which has become a severe threat to global public health and local economies. In this study, several single‐chain antibody fragments that bind to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein were identified and used to construct human‐mouse chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies. These antibodies exhibited strong binding to RBD and neutralization activity towards a SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus. Moreover, these antibodies recognize different RBD epitopes and exhibit synergistic neutralizing activity. These provide candidate to combination use or bispecific antibody to potential clinical therapy for COVID‐19.
Artificial cell swarm optimization and vapor liquid equilibrium for energy management system in smart grid
Authors: Ganesan P. , Xavier S. Arockia Edwin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid approach for energy management system in smart grid. The smart grid system contains photovoltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine, battery. The proposed hybrid approach is the combination of artificial cell swarm optimization (ACSO) and vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE); therefore, it is termed as ACSO‐VLE. The aim of the proposed approach is minimization of fuel cost, operation and maintenance cost, hourly power variation in the grid connected micro grid system. The necessary load demand of grid connected micro grid system is continually monitored by ACSO. The VLE is enhanced the perfect consolidation of micro grid with respect to predicted load demand. During the micro grid operation, the first approach is focused the scheduling of various renewable energy sources to lessen the cost of electricity. The aim of the second method is to balance the power flow and diminish the impacts of predicting errors depending on rule summarized from the scheduled power reference. The proposed model is carried out in MATLAB; its efficiency is examined to with and without grid of micro grid system. The effectiveness of ACSO‐VLE technique is analyzed through the comparison analysis using the existing techniques. The proficiency is analyzed utilizing cost analysis including power generation of photovoltaic, micro and wind turbine, battery. The Root mean square error (RMSE), MAPE and Mean bias error (MBE) under 50 counts of trails of the proposed technique are 9.3, 4.2 and 2.7, l. Likewise, the RMSE, MAPE and MBE under 100 counts of trails are 13.5, 3.9 and 5.7. The mean, median, standard deviation attains 0.9681, 0.9062, and 0.1099.
Does the subepithelial connective tissue graft in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap remain as the gold standard therapy for the treatment of single gingival recession defects? A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Mascarenhas Paulo , Mendes José João , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to assess the efficacy of a bilaminar root coverage technique consisting of the combination of an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and a coronally advanced flap (CAF) compared with the five most indicated alternative approaches for the treatment of single gingival recession defects (GRD).MethodsThe protocol of this PRISMA 2020‐compliant systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020221362). Three electronic databases were searched up to September 30, 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials that involved the treatment of single GRD without interproximal tissue loss via root coverage procedures. A frequentist NMA was conducted for complete root coverage (CRC), mean root coverage (MRC), and keratinized tissue width (KTW) changes.ResultsA total of 38 studies reporting on 830 patients and 1,265 GRD were included. SCTG + CAF was ranked as the most efficient treatment approach for MRC, CRC, and KTW gain at 6 and 12 months after surgery, except for MRC at the 12‐month follow‐up where enamel matrix derivative plus CAF exhibited superior results.ConclusionsSCTG + CAF can be considered the gold standard for the treatment of single GRD.
Umbilical Venous Volume Flow in Late‐Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Hamidi Odessa P. , Driver Camille , Steller Jon G. , Peek Emma E. , Monasta Lorenzo , Stampalija Tamara , Gumina Diane L. , DeVore Greggory R. , Hobbins John C. , Galan Henry L. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesUmbilical vein flow (UVF) is reduced in fetal growth restriction (FGR). We compared absolute and size‐adjusted UVF (estimated fetal weight [EFW] and abdominal circumference [AC]) and rates of abnormal UVF parameters (<10th percentile) among FGR fetuses meeting Delphi criteria (FGR‐D) against small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls.MethodsAbsolute UVF, UVF/EFW, and UVF/AC were compared between 73 FGR pregnancies (35 FGR‐D, 38 SGA) and 108 AGA controls. Rates of abnormal UVF were compared to abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI). Independent samples t‐tests, Mann–Whitney U, odds ratio (OR), chi‐squared, and Fisher's exact tests were used as appropriate.ResultsMean absolute UVF was significantly decreased in FGR‐D compared to AGA (P = .0147), but not between SGA and AGA fetuses. The incidence of both abnormal absolute UVF and UVF/AC values (<10th centile) was higher among late‐onset FGR fetuses versus AGA fetuses (UVF: OR 2.7, confidence interval [CI] 1.37–5.4; UVF/AC: OR 2.73, CI 1.37–5.4). UVF was more frequently abnormal than UAPI and in only two fetuses were both Doppler values abnormal.ConclusionAbsolute UVF is altered in late‐onset FGR, and most pronounced among FGR‐D. UVF may provide additional insight into fetal compromise in those affected by growth restriction.
Radioprotective effect of X‐ray abdominal FLASH irradiation: Adaptation to oxidative damage and inflammatory response may be benefiting factors
Authors: Zhu Hongyu , Xie Dehuan , Yang Yiwei , Huang Shaomin , Gao Xingwang , Peng Yinglin , Wang Bin , Wang Jianxin , Xiao Dexin , Wu Dai , Li Changzhi , Li Chenghua , Qian Chao‐Nan , Deng Xiaowu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrahigh dose‐rate irradiation (FLASH‐IR) was reported to be efficient in tumor control while reducing normal tissue radiotoxicity. However, the mechanism of such phenomenon is still unclear. Besides, the FLASH experiments using high energy X‐ray, the most common modality in clinical radiotherapy, are rarely reported. This study aims to investigate the radiobiological response using 6 MV X‐ray FLASH‐IR or conventional dose‐rate IR (CONV‐IR).MethodsThe superconducting linac of Chengdu THz Free Electron Laser (CTFEL) facility was used for FLASH‐IR, a diamond radiation detector and a CeBr3 scintillation detector were used to monitor the time structure and dose rate of FLASH pulses. BALB/c nude mice received whole abdominal 6 MV X‐ray FLASH‐IR or CONV‐IR, the prescribed dose was 15 Gy or 10 Gy and the delivered absolute dose was monitored with EBT3 films. The mice were either euthanized 24 h post‐IR to evaluate acute tissue responses or followed up for 6 weeks to observe late‐stage responses and survival probability. Complete blood count, histological analyses, and measurement of cytokine expression and redox status were performed.ResultsThe mean dose rate of >150 Gy/s and instantaneous dose rate of >5.5 × 105 Gy/s was reached in FLASH‐IR at the center of mice body. After 6 weeks’ follow‐up of mice that received 15 Gy IR, the FLASH group showed faster body weight recovery and higher survival probability than the CONV group. Histological analysis showed that FLASH‐IR induced less acute intestinal damage than CONV‐IR. Complete blood count and cytokine concentration measurement found that the inflammatory blood cell counts and pro‐inflammatory cytokine concentrations were elevated at the acute stage after both FLASH‐IR and CONV‐IR. However, FLASH irradiated mice had significantly fewer inflammatory blood cells and diminished pro‐inflammatory cytokine at the late stage. Moreover, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal intensities but significantly reduced lipid peroxidation were found in the FLASH group than in the CONV group in the acute stage.ConclusionsThe radioprotective effect of 6 MV X‐ray FLASH‐IR was observed. The differences in inflammatory responses and redox status between the two groups may be the factors responsible for reduced radiotoxicities following FLASH‐IR. Further studies are required to thoroughly evaluate the impact of ROS on FLASH effect.
Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT‐weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors
Authors: Zhou Jinyuan , Zaiss Moritz , Knutsson Linda , Sun Phillip Zhe , Ahn Sung Soo , Aime Silvio , Bachert Peter , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Cai Kejia , Chappell Michael A. , Chen Min , Gochberg Daniel F. , Goerke Steffen , Heo Hye‐Young , Jiang Shanshan , Jin Tao , Kim Seong‐Gi , Laterra John , Paech Daniel , Pagel Mark D. , Park Ji Eun , Reddy Ravinder , Sakata Akihiko , Sartoretti‐Schefer Sabine , Sherry A. Dean , Smith Seth A. , Stanisz Greg J. , Sundgren Pia C. , Togao Osamu , Vandsburger Moriel , Wen Zhibo , Wu Yin , Zhang Yi , Zhu Wenzhen , Zu Zhongliang , van Zijl Peter C. M. 
Published: April 2022

Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed‐on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi‐center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
Accelerated MRI at 9.4 T with electronically modulated time‐varying receive sensitivities
Authors: Glang Felix , Nikulin Anton V. , Bause Jonas , Heule Rahel , Steffen Theodor , Avdievich Nikolai , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo investigate how electronically modulated time‐varying receive sensitivities can improve parallel imaging reconstruction at ultra‐high field.MethodsReceive sensitivity modulation was achieved by introducing PIN diodes in the receive loops, which allow rapid switching of capacitances in both arms of each loop coil and by that alter B1− profiles, resulting in two distinct receive sensitivity configurations. A prototype 8‐channel reconfigurable receive coil for human head imaging at 9.4T was built, and MR measurements were performed in both phantom and human subject. A modified SENSE reconstruction for time‐varying sensitivities was formulated, and g‐factor calculations were performed to investigate how modulation of receive sensitivity profiles during image encoding can improve parallel imaging reconstruction. The optimized modulation pattern was realized experimentally, and reconstructions with the time‐varying sensitivities were compared with conventional static SENSE reconstructions.ResultsThe g‐factor calculations showed that fast modulation of receive sensitivities in the order of the ADC dwell time during k‐space acquisition can improve parallel imaging performance, as this effectively makes spatial information of both configurations simultaneously available for image encoding. This was confirmed by in vivo measurements, for which lower reconstruction errors (SSIM = 0.81 for acceleration R = 4) and g‐factors (max g = 2.4; R = 4) were observed for the case of rapidly switched sensitivities compared to conventional reconstruction with static sensitivities (SSIM = 0.74 and max g = 3.2; R = 4). As the method relies on the short RF wavelength at ultra‐high field, it does not yield significant benefits at 3T and below.ConclusionsTime‐varying receive sensitivities can be achieved by inserting PIN diodes in the receive loop coils, which allow modulation of B1− patterns. This offers an additional degree of freedom for image encoding, with the potential for improved parallel imaging performance at ultra‐high field.
Recent progress on flutter‐based wind energy harvesting
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Zhou Shengxi , Yang Zhichun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind energy harvesting technology can convert wind energy into electric energy to supply power for microelectronic devices. It has great potential in many specific applications and environments, such as remote areas, sea surfaces, mountains, and so on. Over the past few years, flutter‐based wind energy harvesting, which generates electric energy based on the limit cycle oscillation created by structural aeroelastic instability, has received increasing attention, and as a consequence, different energy harvesting structures, theories, and methods have been proposed. In this paper, three types of flutter‐based energy harvesters (FEHs) including airfoil‐based, flat plate‐based, and flexible body‐based FEHs are reviewed, and related concepts and theoretical models are introduced. The recent progress in FEH performance enhancement methods is classified into structural improvement and optimization, the introduction of nonlinearity, and hybrid structures and mechanisms. Finally, the main FEH challenges are summarized, and future research directions are discussed.
The impacts of marketization on international aid: Transforming relationships among USAID vendors
Authors: Brunt Carol , Casey John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article outlines changing US government strategies in response to growing marketization of international aid and development. As private sector US government vendors, the active, purposive role of for‐profit firms in aid distribution is difficult to appreciate from only an exploration of funding awards. The literature identifies multiple influences on vendor relationships between NGOs and for‐profit firms including new government policies and donor priorities as well as the arrival of new stakeholders. Our review of US official development assistance funding distribution juxtaposes funding awards to NGOs and for‐profit firms between 2011 and 2020, uncovering new patterns that alter our previous understanding of government aid as a public good. The article concludes that marketization of international aid and development reflected in US policy not only alters the composition of stakeholder engagement but has fundamentally transformed aid delivery models, introducing opportunities for flexibility and potential interchangeability among vendors.