bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevention of the Sixth Mass Extinction: Socio-Legal Responses to Mitigate the Anthropogenic Crises in Asia and Beyond
Authors: Fukurai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis Special Issue highlights the most recent socio-legal research related to the mitigation, if not the elimination, of the threat of anthropogenic disasters in Asia and beyond. The drafts of these papers were originally presented at the Presidential Session on “The Anthropocene and the Law in Asia” at the Fourth Asian Law and Society Association (ALSA) Conference held in the vibrant city of Osaka, Japan in December 2019. The timing of this particular session, the first of its kind to be held at an ALSA Conference, turned out to be somewhat prophetic, in that two anthropogenic catastrophes—the historic zoonotic pandemic and the cataclysmic wild bushfires—had just begun to strike in December in Wuhan, China and in New South Wales, Australia, respectively. The novel coronavirus pandemic would kill more than 1 million people in the following months, after infecting more than 40 million across the globe. The Australian wild bushfires killed and displaced more than 3 billion animals, becoming the worst wildfire ever recorded in the world. Since that last ALSA Conference in December 2019, multiple anthropogenic disasters have hit various regions in Asia and across the world. The papers in this Special Issue examine various impacts of anthropogenic disasters and propose innovative socio-legal strategies to mitigate them. Included are arguments for the proposal of new legal education curricula and innovative pedagogy on environmental law and the exploration of an international multidisciplinary teaching framework in reconsidering and reshaping human-centric legal education. Also proposed is the development of a robust Earth Jurisprudence based on the adoption of the Rights of Nature principles, while moving away from the Euro-American exploitive view of nature as commodified properties. Additionally proposed is the establishment of a land-based, topological jurisprudence that incorporates the nuanced narratives of indigenous voices in dealing with the threat of human-induced ecological and environmental disasters in the years ahead.
Fanon, Hegel, and the Problem of Reciprocity
Authors: Badenhorst Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article I put forward an interpretation of what is at stake in Frantz Fanon's claim that there is a reciprocity at the basis of G. W. F Hegel's master-servant dialectic. I do this by staging a critique of the ‘shared-humanity’ interpretation of Fanon's claim. Fanon's problem, as this interpretation understands it, is that the master-servant dialectic describes a situation in which two human beings knowingly confront one another as such. Such a situation—because human-to-human confrontation is assumed—does not adequately describe a racially divided situation because of racism's dehumanizing force. Fanon's problem would thus be that Hegel assumed shared humanity. I contest this reading by claiming that Fanon's issue is not reciprocal humanity but reciprocal struggle. To get to this point requires demonstrating that the shared-humanity reading is implausible on a variety of grounds. Thanks to the work of Philippe Van Haute it can already be said that in Hegel's text no shared humanity takes place. But Van Haute nevertheless claims that the shared-humanity problem is present in Kojève. Thus, it first needs to be shown that Kojève's text disallows such a reading. With this result in hand, I move to show the textually unsupportable nature of a subset of the shared-humanity reading—the ‘ontological reading’—whose strategy of reading Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks obscures the Sartrean-Beauvoirian commitments which would in fact allow a more accurate reading of Fanon's claims about reciprocity in Hegel to be made. I then seek to show—with reference to these commitments and a broadly Kojèvean emphasis on the centrality of struggle in human subject-formation—that Fanon's comments about reciprocity take aim at the question of mutual struggle in Hegel and Kojève. ‘The French Negro’, Fanon argues, did not get to experience the cost and value of freedom, unlike Hegel's servant.
Off the COVID-19 Epicentre: The Impact of Quarantine Controls on Employment, Education and Health in China's Rural Communities
Authors: Wang Huan , Dill Sarah-Eve , Zhou Huan , Ma Yue , Xue Hao , Loyalka Prashant , Sylvia Sean , Boswell Matthew , Lin Jason , Rozelle Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study documents the COVID-19 disease-control measures enacted in rural China and examines the economic and social impacts of these measures. We conducted two rounds of surveys with 726 randomly selected village informants across seven provinces. Strict disease-control measures have been universally enforced and appear to have been successful in limiting disease transmission in rural communities. The infection rate in our sample was 0.001 per cent, a rate that is near the national average outside of Hubei province. None of the villages reported any COVID-19-related deaths. For a full month during the quarantine, the rate of employment of rural workers was essentially zero. Even after the quarantine measures were lifted, nearly 70 per cent of the villagers still were unable to work owing to workplace closures. Although action has been taken to mitigate the potential negative effects, these disease-control measures might have accelerated the inequality between rural and urban households in China.
Dietary diversity indices v. dietary guideline-based indices and their associations with non-communicable diseases, overweight and energy intake: evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Jiajun , Leepromrath Sirimaporn , Zhou De 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate various diet quality indices and to estimate their associations with major non-communicable diseases (NCD) (i.e. diabetes mellitus (DM) and myocardial infarction (MI)) and risk for overweight (OW).Design:Four dietary diversity indices (namely, count index (Count), dietary diversity score index, berry index (BI) and entropy index (EI)) and three Chinese dietary guideline-based indices (namely, China healthy diet index, Chinese food pagoda score and diet quality divergence index) were employed to evaluate Chinese diet quality. DM, MI and OW were used as diet-related health indicators. Logit regressions were employed to unveil the associations between diet quality indices and NCD and risk for OW. The relationships between diet quality indices and daily energy intakes were checked with ordinary least squares linear regressions.Setting:Four recent waves (2004, 2006, 2009, 2011) of longitudinal individual data from China Health and Nutrition Survey.Participants:Chinese adults (aged 18–64 years) from twelve provinces were included in the analysis (n 30 350).Results:Count, BI, and EI were positively associated with higher OW risk and daily energy intakes. As dietary guideline-based indices got better, people were exposed to lower DM and OW risks and got lower daily energy intakes. Finally, dietary guideline-based indices properly revealed the expected relationships that high-quality diets would reduce NCD and risk for OW, while high diversity indices were usually correlated with over-nutrition and high risks.Conclusions:Increasing diversity of the diet does not necessarily improve the nutrition and health. Dietary guideline-based indices are more robust than dietary diversity indices; thus, they should be highly recommended when evaluating diet quality.
Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions
Authors: Caballero Amparo , Villar Sergio , Fernández Itziar , Sevillano Verónica , Gavilán Pablo , Carrera Pilar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macrosocial level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID–19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID–19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis.
Leader Extraversion as a Boundary Condition in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Vitality, and Job Improvement
Authors: Lajoie Denis , Rousseau Vincent , Boudrias Jean-Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the relationship between transformational leadership and job improvement behaviors by considering the moderating effect of leader extraversion and the mediating role of employee vitality. Multi-level path analysis on data from 101 leaders and 619 subordinates provided support to the moderating effect of leader extraversion, such that the relationship between transformational leadership and employee vitality is stronger when the level of leader extraversion is high. Moreover, a moderated mediation procedure showed that the indirect effect of transformational leadership on job improvement via employee vitality was conditional to the level of leader extraversion. We highlight the original contributions of these findings by discussing the moderating role of leader extraversion as an understudied theoretical alternative to its already well-explored role as an antecedent to leadership behaviors. On a practical level, our results indicate that organizations should consider not only what leaders do (transformational leadership behaviors) but also how these behaviors are contextualized by leaders’ typical approach (extraversion) to instill a maximum of positive emotion such as vitality in employees.
Cross‐Shore Distribution of the Wave‐Induced Circulation Over a Dissipative Beach Under Storm Wave Conditions
Authors: Pezerat Marc , Bertin Xavier , Martins Kévin , Lavaud Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explores the spatial distribution and the driving mechanisms of the wave‐induced cross‐shore flow within the shoreface and surf zone of a dissipative beach. Unpublished results from a field campaign carried out in early 2021 under storm wave conditions are presented and compared with the predictions from a state‐of‐the‐art phase‐averaged three‐dimensional circulation modeling system based on the vortex force formalism. Under storm wave conditions, the cross‐shore flow is dominated by a strong seaward‐directed current in the lower part of the water column. The largest current velocities of this return current are located in the surf zone, where the dissipation by depth‐induced breaking is most intense, but offshore‐directed velocities up to 0.25 m/s are observed as far as 4 km from the shoreline (≃12 m‐depth). Numerical experiments further highlight the key control exerted by non‐conservative wave forces and wave‐enhanced mixing on the cross‐shore flow across a transition zone, where depth‐induced breaking, whitecapping, and bottom friction all significantly contribute to the wave energy dissipation. Under storm conditions, this transition zone extended almost 6 km offshore and the cross‐shore Lagrangian circulation shows a strong seaward‐directed jet in the lower part of the water column, whose intensity progressively decreases offshore. In contrast, the surf zone edge appears clearly delimited under fair weather conditions and the seaward‐directed current is weakened by a near bottom shoreward‐directed current associated with wave bottom streaming in the shoaling region, such that the clockwise Lagrangian overturning circulation is constrained by an additional anti‐clockwise overturning cell at the surf zone edge.
Characterization of a small-molecule inhibitor targeting NEMO/IKKβ to suppress colorectal cancer growth
Authors: Yu Zhenlong , Gao Jian , Zhang Xiaolei , Peng Yulin , Wei Wenlong , Xu Jianrong , Li Zhenwei , Wang Chao , Zhou Meirong , Tian Xiangge , Feng Lei , Huo Xiaokui , Liu Min , Ye Mingliang , Guo De-an , Ma Xiaochi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNEMO/IKKβ complex is a central regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway, its dissociation has been considered to be an attractive therapeutic target. Herein, using a combined strategy of molecular pharmacological phenotyping, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, Shikonin (SHK) is identified as a potential inhibitor of the IKKβ/NEMO complex. It destabilizes IKKβ/NEMO complex with IC50 of 174 nM, thereby significantly impairing the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also elucidated the potential target sites of SHK in the NEMO/IKKβ complex. Our study provides some new insights for the development of potent small-molecule PPI inhibitors.
secDrug: a pipeline to discover novel drug combinations to kill drug-resistant multiple myeloma cells using a greedy set cover algorithm and single-cell multi-omics
Authors: Kumar Harish , Mazumder Suman , Chakravarti Sayak , Sharma Neeraj , Mukherjee Ujjal Kumar , Kumar Shaji , Baughn Linda B , Van Ness Brian G , Mitra Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma, the second-most common hematopoietic malignancy in the United States, still remains an incurable disease with dose-limiting toxicities and resistance to primary drugs like proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs).We have created a computational pipeline that uses pharmacogenomics data-driven optimization-regularization/greedy algorithm to predict novel drugs (“secDrugs”) against drug-resistant myeloma. Next, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) as a screening tool to predict top combination candidates based on the enrichment of target genes. For in vitro validation of secDrugs, we used a panel of human myeloma cell lines representing drug-sensitive, innate/refractory, and acquired/relapsed PI- and IMiD resistance. Next, we performed single-cell proteomics (CyTOF or Cytometry time of flight) in patient-derived bone marrow cells (ex vivo), genome-wide transcriptome analysis (bulk RNA sequencing), and functional assays like CRISPR-based gene editing to explore molecular pathways underlying secDrug efficacy and drug synergy. Finally, we developed a universally applicable R-software package for predicting novel secondary therapies in chemotherapy-resistant cancers that outputs a list of the top drug combination candidates with rank and confidence scores.Thus, using 17AAG (HSP90 inhibitor) + FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor) as proof of principle secDrugs, we established a novel pipeline to introduce several new therapeutic options for the management of PI and IMiD-resistant myeloma.
Targeting ferroptosis suppresses osteocyte glucolipotoxicity and alleviates diabetic osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Yiqi , Lin Yixuan , Wang Minqi , Yuan Kai , Wang Qishan , Mu Pei , Du Jingke , Yu Zhifeng , Yang Shengbing , Huang Kai , Wang Yugang , Li Hanjun , Tang Tingting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is the leading complication continuously threatening the bone health of patients with diabetes. A key pathogenic factor in DOP is loss of osteocyte viability. However, the mechanism of osteocyte death remains unclear. Here, we identified ferroptosis, which is iron-dependent programmed cell death, as a critical mechanism of osteocyte death in murine models of DOP. The diabetic microenvironment significantly enhanced osteocyte ferroptosis in vitro, as shown by the substantial lipid peroxidation, iron overload, and aberrant activation of the ferroptosis pathway. RNA sequencing showed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was notably upregulated in ferroptotic osteocytes. Further findings revealed that HO-1 was essential for osteocyte ferroptosis in DOP and that its promoter activity was controlled by the interaction between the upstream NRF2 and c-JUN transcription factors. Targeting ferroptosis or HO-1 efficiently rescued osteocyte death in DOP by disrupting the vicious cycle between lipid peroxidation and HO-1 activation, eventually ameliorating trabecular deterioration. Our study provides insight into DOP pathogenesis, and our results provide a mechanism-based strategy for clinical DOP treatment.
PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Jin Yunyun , Zhang Shiwei , Ding Yi , Huo Konglin , Yang Junjie , Zhao Lei , Nian Baoning , Zhong Tao P. , Lu Weiqiang , Zhang Hankun , Cao Xu , Shah Karan Mehul , Wang Ning , Liu Mingyao , Luo Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) product, is highly secreted by the osteoblast lineage in the subchondral bone tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. However, NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors, have severe side effects during OA treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets of PGE2 signaling in OA progression is urgently needed. Osteoclasts play a critical role in subchondral bone homeostasis and OA-related pain. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 regulates osteoclast function and subsequently subchondral bone homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that PGE2 acts via EP4 receptors on osteoclasts during the progression of OA and OA-related pain. Our data show that while PGE2 mediates migration and osteoclastogenesis via its EP2 and EP4 receptors, tissue-specific knockout of only the EP4 receptor in osteoclasts (EP4LysM) reduced disease progression and osteophyte formation in a murine model of OA. Furthermore, OA-related pain was alleviated in theEP4LysMmice, with reduced Netrin-1 secretion and CGRP-positive sensory innervation of the subchondral bone. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was also lower in theEP4LysMmice, which resulted in reduced type H blood vessel formation in subchondral bone. Importantly, we identified a novel potent EP4 antagonist, HL-43, which showed in vitro and in vivo effects consistent with those observed in theEP4LysMmice. Finally, we showed that the Gαs/PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway is downstream of EP4 activation via PGE2 in osteoclasts. Together, our data demonstrate that PGE2/EP4 signaling in osteoclasts mediates angiogenesis and sensory neuron innervation in subchondral bone, promoting OA progression and pain, and that inhibition of EP4 with HL-43 has therapeutic potential in OA.
Atomic structure of a seed-sized gold nanoprism
Authors: Song Yongbo , Li Yingwei , Zhou Meng , Li Hao , Xu Tingting , Zhou Chuanjun , Ke Feng , Huo Dayujia , Wan Yan , Jie Jialong , Xu Wen Wu , Zhu Manzhou , Jin Rongchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe growth of nanoparticles along one or two directions leads to anisotropic nanoparticles, but the nucleation (i.e., the formation of small seeds of specific shape) has long been elusive. Here, we show the total structure of a seed-sized Au56 nanoprism, in which the side Au{100} facets are surrounded by bridging thiolates, whereas the top/bottom {111} facets are capped by phosphine ligands at the corners and Br− at the center. The bromide has been proved to be the key to effectively stabilize the Au{111} to fulfill a complete face-centered-cubic core. In femtosecond electron dynamics analysis, the non-evolution of transient absorption spectra of Au56 is similar to that of larger-sized gold nanoclusters (n > 100), which is ascribed to the completeness of the prismatic Au56 core and an effective electron relaxation pathway created by the stronger Au-Au bonds inside. This work provides some insights for the understanding of plasmonic nanoprism formation.
Synthesis of a magnetic π-extended carbon nanosolenoid with Riemann surfaces
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Zhu Yihan , Zhuang Guilin , Wu Yayu , Wang Shengda , Huang Pingsen , Sheng Guan , Chen Muqing , Yang Shangfeng , Greber Thomas , Du Pingwu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRiemann surfaces are deformed versions of the complex plane in mathematics. Locally they look like patches of the complex plane, but globally, the topology may deviate from a plane. Nanostructured graphitic carbon materials resembling a Riemann surface with helicoid topology are predicted to have interesting electronic and photonic properties. However, fabrication of such processable and large π-extended nanographene systems has remained a major challenge. Here, we report a bottom-up synthesis of a metal-free carbon nanosolenoid (CNS) material with a low optical bandgap of 1.97 eV. The synthesis procedure is rapid and possible on the gram scale. The helical molecular structure of CNS can be observed by direct low-dose high-resolution imaging, using integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show paramagnetism with a high spin density for CNS. Such a π-conjugated CNS allows for the detailed study of its physical properties and may form the base of the development of electronic and spintronic devices containing CNS species.