bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization and Tumor Microvascular Inhibition Activity of Total Polysaccharide from Trametes sanguinea Lloyd
Authors: Yan MengXia , Zhang MengTing , Zhu ZhiHui , Zhang JianFen , Cheng GuiLin , Lin NengMing , Zhao HuaJun , Yang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrametes sanguinea Lloyd total polysaccharide (TsLTP), was obtained by water extraction and ethanol precipitation from T. sanguinea. The structural characterization of TsLTP was elucidated mutually by TsL1 and TsL2, whose mass ratio is 1: 4. TsL1 is mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and fucose, and consist of T‐Linked‐Fucp, T‐Linked‐Manp, T‐Linked‐Galp, 1,4‐Linked‐Manp, 1,4‐Linked‐Glcp, 1,6‐Linked‐Manp, 1,6‐Linked‐Galp, 1,3,4‐Linked‐Glcp, 1,4,6‐Linked‐Glcp and 1,3,6‐Linked‐Glcp, with a molar ratio of 2.1: 1.7: 1.4: 1.0: 3.6: 2.0: 8.6: 1.3: 2.2: 1.2, while TsL2 mainly comprise of glucose and consist of T‐Linked‐Glcp, 1,3‐Linked‐Glcp, 1,4‐Linked‐Glcp and 1,4,6‐Linked‐Glcp, with a molar ratio of 1.0: 2.1: 7.6: 1.4. TsLTP exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (iHUVECs) and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis, whereas no inhibitory activity on human TNBC cell lines. Taken together, our study suggests that TsLTP possesses a significant inhibition of tumor microvascular activity both in vitro and in vivo. The study of TsLTP with novel monosaccharide composition and tumor microvascular inhibitory activity might be a beneficial attempt for application of polysaccharide from the genus Trametes in tumor therapy.
Gas flow Stimulated Hydrodynamics for Preparation and Application of Platinized Titanium Hollow Fibre Electrodes
Authors: Jong Ronald P. H. , Mul Guido 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, Pt was electrodeposited on the surface of Ti hollow fibres from PtCl62− solution at fixed potential and at variable gas flow rate. Partial Pt coverage of Ti was obtained at flow rates≤5 mL⋅min−1, while a more‐even geometrical distribution and linearly increasing Electrochemical Surface Area (ECSA) of Pt was obtained for flow rates of >5 and <20 mL⋅min−1. Above 20 mL⋅min−1, the morphology did not significantly change, and only a limited increase in ECSA of Pt (PtECSA) was observed. Second, the performance of the Pt functionalized Ti‐HFEs was evaluated at fixed potential in i) liquid phase oxidation of FeII to FeIII, and ii) the hydrogen (gas) evolution reaction (HER). Generally, for the oxidation of Fe(CN)64−, a linear increase in current from 3 to ≈9 mA was found as a function of increasing gas flow rate. For the HER, a gas evolving reaction, initially (in the range of 0–10 mL⋅min−1) a much larger enhancement in current (from ≈‐10 to −35 mA) was observed than consecutively at higher flow rates. The effect of gas flow rate on Pt deposition, and utilization of platinized Ti HFEs, is explained on the basis of increasing fractional participation of relatively small pores at high flow rates, and generally an increasing mass transfer coefficient (kM) associated with localized mixing of the electrolyte near the electrode/electrolyte interface. The kM is roughly in the same order of magnitude as obtained in experiments using rotating disc electrodes.
Differential impact of TGFβ/SMAD signaling activity elicited by Activin A and Nodal on endoderm differentiation of epiblast stem cells
Authors: Knowles Hilary , Santucci Nicole , Studdert Joshua , Goh Hwee Ngee , Kaufman‐Francis Keren , Salehin Nazmus , Tam Patrick P. L. , Osteil Pierre 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAllocation of cells to an endodermal fate in the gastrulating embryo is driven by Nodal signaling and consequent activation of TGFβ pathway. In vitro methodologies striving to recapitulate the process of endoderm differentiation, however, use TGFβ family member Activin in place of Nodal. This is despite Activin not known to have an in vivo role in endoderm differentiation. In this study, five epiblast stem cell lines were subjected to directed differentiation using both Activin A and Nodal to induce endodermal fate. A reporter line harboring endoderm markers FoxA2 and Sox17 was further analyzed for TGFβ pathway activation and WNT response. We demonstrated that Activin A‐treated cells remain more primitive streak‐like when compared to Nodal‐treated cells that have a molecular profile suggestive of more advanced differentiation. Activin A elicited a robust TGFβ/SMAD activity, enhanced WNT signaling activity and promoted the generation of DE precursors. Nodal treatment resulted in lower TGFβ/SMAD activity, and a weaker, sustained WNT response, and ultimately failed to upregulate endoderm markers. This is despite signaling response resembling more closely the activity seen in vivo. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the downstream activities of Activin A and Nodal signaling in directing in vitro endoderm differentiation of primed‐state epiblast stem cells.
Hall effects on MHD chemically reacting flow of second grade fluid past a vertical porous plate
Authors: Ahammad N. Ameer , Krishna M. Veera , Aljohani A. F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe scrutiny of the consequences of radiation‐absorption, chemical reaction impacts on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics heat and mass transportation laminar flow of a gelatinous, electrical conducting by the heat generation or absorption second grade fluid embedded past a half‐unlimited porous surface within a gyratory structure taking Hall effects into account have been discussed. The plate is assumed to as in the motion by the invariable velocity contained by the direction of fluid movement. A uniform magnetic field performed at perpendicular to the porous plate; this is engrossing the fluid with the suction velocity changing with definite instants of time. The corresponding dimensionless governing equations of current configuration are solved by making use of perturbation technique with reference to harmonic and nonharmonic idioms. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed and examined with references to various governing parameters in detail. The results are verified with the published work. The velocity components are increased with increasing permeability and Hall parameters. It is noticed that practical application of Hall effects is as, washing machine dial to select the type of washing moves very smoothly. This problem has also applications in biomedical and aerospace engineering.
PBMC CDC42 reveals the disease activity and treatment efficacy of TNF inhibitor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jin Du , Mou Xiaoyue , Ye Hengli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates the polarization of M2 macrophage and maintains the T cell homeostasis, to participate in multiple autoimmune diseases, while its clinical involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the correlation of CDC42 with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in AS patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) CDC42 expression was detected at baseline, week (W) 4, W8, and W12 after TNF inhibitor treatment in 91 AS patients and in 50 HCs after enrollment. Furthermore, serum TNF‐α, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) from AS patients were detected at baseline.ResultsBlood CDC42 was lower in AS patients compared with HCs (p < 0.001). Additionally, blood CDC42 was negatively linked with CRP (r = −0.349, p = 0.001), BASDAI score (r = −0.243, p = 0.020), and ASDASCRP score (r = −0.238, p = 0.023) in AS patients; however, blood CDC42 was not correlated with other clinical characteristics. Besides, CDC42 was negatively correlated with TNF‐α (r = −0.237, p = 0.024) and IL‐17A (r = −0.339, p = 0.001) but not with IFN‐γ (p = 0.083) or IL‐10 (p = 0.280). Moreover, blood CDC42 was elevated after TNF inhibitor treatment (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, blood CDC42 was not varied at baseline and W4 between response patients and non‐response patients, while it was higher at W8 (p = 0.019) and W12 (p = 0.002) in response patients than in non‐response patients after treatment.ConclusionBlood CDC42 deficiency links with elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, disease activity and unsatisfying response to TNF inhibitor in AS patients.
Marine phytoplankton resilience may moderate oligotrophic ecosystem responses and biogeochemical feedbacks to climate change
Authors: Martiny Adam C. , Hagstrom George I. , DeVries Tim , Letscher Robert T. , Britten Gregory L. , Garcia Catherine A. , Galbraith Eric , Karl David , Levin Simon A. , Lomas Michael W. , Moreno Allison R. , Talmy David , Wang Weilei , Matsumoto Katsumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAre the oceans turning into deserts? Rising temperature, increasing surface stratification, and decreasing vertical inputs of nutrients are expected to cause an expansion of warm, nutrient deplete ecosystems. Such an expansion is predicted to negatively affect a trio of key ocean biogeochemical features: phytoplankton biomass, primary productivity, and carbon export. However, phytoplankton communities are complex adaptive systems with immense diversity that could render them at least partially resilient to global changes. This can be illustrated by the biology of the Prochlorococcus “collective.” Adaptations to counter stress, use of alternative nutrient sources, and frugal resource allocation can allow Prochlorococcus to buffer climate‐driven changes in nutrient availability. In contrast, cell physiology is more sensitive to temperature changes. Here, we argue that biogeochemical models need to consider the adaptive potential of diverse phytoplankton communities. However, a full understanding of phytoplankton resilience to future ocean changes is hampered by a lack of global biogeographic observations to test theories. We propose that the resilience may in fact be greater in oligotrophic waters than currently considered with implications for future predictions of phytoplankton biomass, primary productivity, and carbon export.
Assessing Restoration of Ecosystem Functioning in Brazilian Subtropical and Tropical Streams
Authors: Cunha Davi Gasparini Fernandes , Saltarelli Wesley Aparecido , Bega João Miguel Merces , Finkler Nícolas Reinaldo , de Souza Ferreira Murilo , Furley Tatiana Heid , von Schiller Daniel , Dodds Walter K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRivers and streams provide many ecosystem services, including provision of food, water purification, and nutrient abatement. Ecosystem functioning, the set of processes that regulate the fluxes of energy and matter, is the backbone of ecosystem services. A myriad of human impacts affects the functioning of running waters. To reduce these impacts, strategies for conservation and recovery of riparian vegetation, as well as direct interventions for stream restoration, have been carried out. However, these actions have been more limited in sub/tropical than in temperate regions. Based on case studies from southeastern Brazil and comparisons with their temperate counterparts, we illustrate and discuss how restoration of riparian canopy cover and stream reconfiguration through the addition of wood can influence two key ecosystem processes: nutrient retention and metabolism. Our findings indicate that the distinctive environmental features of the sub/tropical climate strongly shape the effect of stream restoration on ecosystem functioning. However, as in the temperate climate, effects are rarely monitored for a long time after the restoration, indicating the need for their longer‐term assessment. Understanding how restoration evolves over time to impact the functioning of sub/tropical streams is fundamental for the management and conservation of these strategic water bodies and the relevant ecosystem services they provide.
Ich druck mir die Welt, wie sie mir gefällt
Authors: von Randow Clara Adele , Thiele Günther 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahrzehnten sind 3‐D‐Drucker nicht nur preiswerter geworden, sondern werden auch verstärkt genutzt: in der Analytik, der Lehre und im Chemielabor. So lassen sich etwa Magnetrührstäbe mit aktiven Materialien erstellen, Gläser oder Elektroden für die Batterieforschung.
Galvanostatically Deposited PtNi Thin‐Films as Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Medrano‐Banda Alejandra , Crespo‐Yapur Alfonso , Velasco‐Soto Miguel Ángel , Videa Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of hybrid platinum materials is fundamental to enable alkaline water electrolysis for cost‐effective H2 generation. In this work, we have used a galvanostatic method to co‐deposit PtNi films onto polycrystalline gold. The surface concentrations of Ni (ΓNi) and Pt (ΓPt) were calculated from electrochemical measurements; the ΓPt/ΓNi ratio and electrocatalytic activity of these materials towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M KOH show a strong dependence on the current density pulse applied during the electrodeposition. Analysis of the Tafel parameters hints that, on these deposits, HER proceeds through a Volmer‐Heyrovsky mechanism. The galvanostatically deposited PtNi layers present a high current output per Pt gram, 3199 A gPt−1, which is significantly larger compared to other PtNi‐based materials obtained by more extended and more complex synthesis methods.
A bonding evolution theory study of the reaction between methylidyne radical, CH(X2Π), and cyclopentadiene, C5H6
Authors: Andrés Juan , Safont Vicent S. , Oliva Mónica , Caster Kacee L. , Goulay Fabien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present work, bonding evolution theory (BET) is applied to gain insight about the complex reaction between methylidyne radical, CH (X2Π) and cyclopentadiene, C5H6. The novelty of this work is that all reaction pathways take place in the doublet electronic state and an unpaired electron is always present. Therefore, taking the aforementioned reaction as explicative example, we have shown how to apply the BET tool to these kinds of open‐shell systems, by splitting the wavefunctions into the corresponding alpha and beta parts. As an added value, we have included a point‐by‐point description of the algorithm we use to make it available for the readers. Hence, a complete analysis of bond breaking/forming and charge redistribution along the multi‐channels connecting reactants to products via the transition states and intermediates is presented. We show how the BET brings about the representation of the electronic flow in complex molecular rearrangements like the one herein studied, yielding a transparent rationalization based on the electron density redistribution. The present study allows us to conclude that along the different processes giving rise to the benzene product, the breaking of a CC sigma bond initiates the electronic rearrangement in two cases, but not in the third one. The last step in these processes can be described as an initial weakening of the CH bond with a quasi‐hydride formation and a final retro‐transfer of electrons from the quasi‐hydride to the CH bond. On the other hand, in the way to the fulvene product, the breaking of the CC sigma bond takes place after previous electronic redistribution. Neither the last step of the fulvene formation process nor the interesting H transfer described in the second one, can be explained without the wavefunction splitting technique herein detailed and exemplified.
Structural and Electrochemical Investigations on Nanocrystalline High Entropy Spinel Oxides for Battery‐Like Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Sreenivasulu N. , Kumar U. Naveen , Madhav Kancherla M. V. V. , Thomas Tiju , Bhattacharya S. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh entropy oxides (HEOs) are a novel class of materials with a stable single‐phase structure that is often entropy stabilized and possess many interesting functional properties. In this work, we report a nanocrystalline spinel‐based high entropy oxide (SP‐HEO) ‐ (Al0.2Co0.2Cr0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)3O4 and present an assessment of its electrochemical performance. A reverse co‐precipitation (RCP) method was used for synthesis, followed by a suitable heat‐treatment/calcination step that was adjusted to form a single‐phase nanocrystalline powder. Structural characterisation revealed that the single‐phase system was stable upto 850 °C. Nitrogen adsorption studies showed a large specific surface area of 90 m2 g−1 in the case of the SP‐HEO calcined at 550 °C. The SP‐HEO powders were investigated as electrodes for battery‐like supercapacitor behaviour in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte ‐ KOH. The SP‐HEO powder calcined at 550 °C exhibited the highest specific capacity of 318 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The high electrochemical performance of the mesoporous SP‐HEO makes it a promising electrode material for energy storage devices.
The Sensitive Optical pH Sensor Based on the Complex of Nanosheet and Carbon Dots
Authors: Liang Kaixiang , Kong Jian , Xing Xia , Wang Xinrui , Shi Wenying , Lu Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe requirement to non‐invasively quantify H+ is gradually increasing. In this regards, optical pH sensors based on fluorescent materials have advantages. However, the stability and sensitivity of currently used chromophores still need to be further improved to meet the continuous increase in actual demand for pH measurement. Here, we proposed to employ Montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets as matrix and carbon dots (CD) as chromophores to fabricate a new complex. The as‐prepared MMT‐CD have the following advantages: 1) the aggregation of CD is effectively reduced, leading to the effectively improved fluorescence performance; 2) MMT‐CD has good light stability and storage stability; 3) as‐prepared the fluorescence pH sensor shows good response to pH, high sensitivity, and wide linear range. Therefore, MMT‐CD materials have great potential in the rapid and sensitive sensing of pH value.
Nanotubular Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized from a Natural Halloysite Template for Application as a High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Fan Peng , Wang Shuonan , Liu Hao , Liao Libing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is a promising material for developing high‐performance supercapacitors, and adopting some specific templates to design one‐dimensional nanostructured PANI electrode is considered to be a key strategy to enable high performance supercapacitors. Here, the nano‐tubular PANI(HNTs) were successfully achieved by using the natural tubular halloysite as hard template with low cost, and the PANI(HNTs) were further compounded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to prepare a binder‐free, self‐supporting PANI(HNTs)‐rGO composite electrode. The characterization tests of Infrared, Raman and XRD diffraction proved that PANI (HNTs) and PANI (HNTs)‐rGO composite material were successfully synthesized. SEM and TEM verified the nanotubular structure of PANI(HNTs) and the three‐dimensional network structure of PANI(HNTs)‐rGO. Owing to the rGO’ positive effect on the PANI(HNTs) electrode, the composite electrode exhibited excellent specific capacity performance of 762 F g−1, 660 F g−1, 595 F g−1, 545 F g−1 and 493 F g−1 at current densities of 1 A g−1, 2 A g−1, 5 A g−1, 10 A g−1, and 20 A g−1, respectively. This work prove that natural clay minerals have good application prospects in the design of nanostructured electrodes of conductive polymers (CPs) or other electrode materials for energy storage devices.
Vanadium metal‐organic framework‐derived multifunctional fibers for asymmetric supercapacitor, piezoresistive sensor, and electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Pu Jie , Gao Yong , Cao Qinghe , Fu Gangwen , Chen Xing , Pan Zhenghui , Guan Cao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFiber‐shaped integrated devices are highly desirable for wearable and portable smart electronics, owing to their merits of lightweight, high flexibility, and wearability. However, how to effectively employ multifunctional fibers in one integrated device that can simultaneously achieve energy storage and utilization is a major challenge. Herein, a set of multifunctional fibers all derived from vanadium metal‐organic framework nanowires grown on carbon nanotube fiber (V‐MOF NWs@CNT fiber) is demonstrated, which can be used for various energy storage and utilization applications. First, a fiber‐shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) is fabricated based on the CoNi‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets@vanadium oxide NWs@CNT fiber (CoNi‐LDH NSs@V2O5 NWs@CNT fiber) as the positive electrode and vanadium nitride (VN) NWs@CNT fiber as the negative electrode. Benefiting from the outstanding compatibility of the functional materials, the FASC with a maximum working voltage of 1.7 V delivers a high‐stack volumetric energy density of 11.27 mW·h/cm3. Then, a fiber‐shaped integrated device is assembled by twisting a fiber‐shaped piezoresistive sensor (FPS; VN NWs@CNT fiber also served as the highly sensitive material) and a FASC together, where the high‐performance FASC can provide a stable and continuous output power for the FPS. Finally, the S‐VOx NWs@CNT fiber (sulfur‐doped vanadium oxide) electrode shows promising electrocatalytic performance for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is further constructed into a self‐driven water‐splitting unit with the integration of the FASCs. The present work demonstrates that the V‐MOF NWs@CNT‐derived fibers have great potential for constructing wearable multifunctional integrated devices.
Probing gut‐brain links in Alzheimer's disease with rifaximin
Authors: Suhocki Paul V. , Ronald James S. , Diehl Anna Mae E. , Murdoch David M. , Doraiswamy P. Murali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGut‐microbiome‐inflammation interactions have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. We hypothesized that treatment with rifaximin, a minimally absorbed gut‐specific antibiotic, may modify the neurodegenerative process by changing gut flora and reducing neurotoxic microbial drivers of inflammation. In a pilot, open‐label trial, we treated 10 subjects with mild to moderate probable AD dementia (Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) = 17 ± 3) with rifaximin for 3 months. Treatment was associated with a significant reduction in serum neurofilament‐light levels (P < .004) and a significant increase in fecal phylum Firmicutes microbiota. Serum phosphorylated tau (pTau)181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were reduced (effect sizes of −0.41 and −0.48, respectively) but did not reach statistical significance. In addition, there was a nonsignificant downward trend in serum cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐13 levels. Cognition was unchanged. Increases in stool Erysipelatoclostridium were correlated significantly with reductions in serum pTau181 and serum GFAP. Insights from this pilot trial are being used to design a larger placebo‐controlled clinical trial to determine if specific microbial flora/products underlie neurodegeneration, and whether rifaximin is clinically efficacious as a therapeutic.