bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global soil profiles indicate depth-dependent soil carbon losses under a warmer climate
Authors: Wang Mingming , Guo Xiaowei , Zhang Shuai , Xiao Liujun , Mishra Umakant , Yang Yuanhe , Zhu Biao , Wang Guocheng , Mao Xiali , Qian Tian , Jiang Tong , Shi Zhou , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) changes under future climate warming are difficult to quantify in situ. Here we apply an innovative approach combining space-for-time substitution with meta-analysis to SOC measurements in 113,013 soil profiles across the globe to estimate the effect of future climate warming on steady-state SOC stocks. We find that SOC stock will reduce by 6.0 ± 1.6% (mean±95% confidence interval), 4.8 ± 2.3% and 1.3 ± 4.0% at 0–0.3, 0.3–1 and 1–2 m soil depths, respectively, under 1 °C air warming, with additional 4.2%, 2.2% and 1.4% losses per every additional 1 °C warming, respectively. The largest proportional SOC losses occur in boreal forests. Existing SOC level is the predominant determinant of the spatial variability of SOC changes with higher percentage losses in SOC-rich soils. Our work demonstrates that warming induces more proportional SOC losses in topsoil than in subsoil, particularly from high-latitudinal SOC-rich systems.
Predicting demographics from meibography using deep learning
Authors: Wang Jiayun , Graham Andrew D. , Yu Stella X. , Lin Meng C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study introduces a deep learning approach to predicting demographic features from meibography images. A total of 689 meibography images with corresponding subject demographic data were used to develop a deep learning model for predicting gland morphology and demographics from images. The model achieved on average 77%, 76%, and 86% accuracies for predicting Meibomian gland morphological features, subject age, and ethnicity, respectively. The model was further analyzed to identify the most highly weighted gland morphological features used by the algorithm to predict demographic characteristics. The two most important gland morphological features for predicting age were the percent area of gland atrophy and the percentage of ghost glands. The two most important morphological features for predicting ethnicity were gland density and the percentage of ghost glands. The approach offers an alternative to traditional associative modeling to identify relationships between Meibomian gland morphological features and subject demographic characteristics. This deep learning methodology can currently predict demographic features from de-identified meibography images with better than 75% accuracy, a number which is highly likely to improve in future models using larger training datasets, which has significant implications for patient privacy in biomedical imaging.
Effects of silica soil amendment against Exserohilum rostratum, the fungal pathogen of rice brown spot disease in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mahmad-Toher Ainu-Shahirah , Govender Nisha , Dorairaj Deivaseeno , Wong Mui-Yun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRice brown spot (BS) exerts devastating agronomic effects on grain quality and overall productivity. In Peninsular Malaysia, BS disease incidence is fairly prevalent and little is known about the diversity of BS pathogens in the local granaries. Fifteen isolates from BS symptomatic rice plants were identified at five different rice granaries across Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, two isolates were confirmed asBipolaris oryzaewhile the rest were identified asExserohilum rostratum. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BS incidence in rice granaries in Peninsular Malaysia is caused by a pair of closely related fungal pathogens,E. rostratumandB. oryzae,with the former being more predominant. Cultural characterization ofE. rostratumisolate KT831962 showed the best growth and sporulation activity on corn meal agar plates incubated in complete darkness. The effects of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and rice husk ash (RHA) soil amendment against MR219 and MR253 rice varieties were evaluated during rice-E. rostratuminteraction. Results showed that soil amelioration using CaSiO3and RHA singly and in combination with manganese (Mn) significantly reduced rice BS disease severity. The BS disease index was reduced significantly to less than 31.6% in the silicon-treated rice plants relative to the control plants at 41.2%. Likewise, the grain yield at the harvest stage showed significantly higher yield in the Si-treated rice plants in comparison to the control, non-Si treated rice plants. The findings highlight the potential of RHA agro-waste as Si fertilizer in a sustainable rice production system.
Glucocorticoid receptor activation reduces food intake independent of hyperglycemia in zebrafish
Authors: Nipu Niepukolie , Antomagesh Femilarani , Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic cortisol exposure suppresses food intake in fish, but the central mechanism(s) involved in appetite regulation are unclear. Stress and the associated increase in cortisol levels increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia. As hyperglycemia causes a reduction in food intake, we tested the hypothesis that cortisol-induced hyperglycemia suppresses feeding in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We first established that stress-independent hyperglycemia suppressed food intake, and this corresponded with a reduction in the phosphorylation of the nutrient sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the brain. Chronic cortisol exposure also led to hyperglycemia and reduced food intake, but the mechanisms were distinct. In cortisol-exposed fish, there were no changes in brain glucose uptake or AMPK phosphorylation. Also, the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was reduced along with an increase in redd1, suggesting an enhanced capacity for proteolysis. Loss of the glucocorticoid receptor did not rescue cortisol-mediated feeding suppression but did increase glucose uptake and abolished the changes seen in mTOR phosphorylation and redd1 transcript abundance. Taken together, our results indicate that GR activation enhances brain proteolysis, and the associated amino acids levels, and not hyperglycemia, maybe a key mediator of the feeding suppression in response to chronic cortisol stimulation in zebrafish.
State-controlled epidemic in a game against a novel pathogen
Authors: Garay József , Kun Ádám , Varga Zoltán , Gámez Manuel , Castaño-Fernández Ana Belén , Móri Tamás F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pandemic reminded us that the pathogen evolution still has a serious effect on human societies. States, however, can prepare themselves for the emergence of a novel pathogen with unknown characteristics by analysing potential scenarios. Game theory offers such an appropriate tool. In our game-theoretical framework, the state is playing against a pathogen by introducing non-pharmaceutical interventions to fulfil its socio-political goals, such as guaranteeing hospital care to all needed patients, keeping the country functioning, while the applied social restrictions should be as soft as possible. With the inclusion of activity and economic sector dependent transmission rate, optimal control of lockdowns and health care capacity management is calculated. We identify the presence and length of a pre-symptomatic infectious stage of the disease to have the greatest effect on the probability to cause a pandemic. Here we show that contrary to intuition, the state should not strive for the great expansion of its health care capacities even if its goal is to provide care for all requiring it and minimize the cost of lockdowns.
Happiness inequality has a Kuznets-style relation with economic growth in China
Authors: Zhang Pan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHappiness studies generally investigate average levels of happiness rather than happiness inequality between regions, and studies of social inequality usually measure it based on the distribution of life opportunities (e.g., income) rather than life results (e.g., happiness). Inspired by the Kuznets curve, which illustrates the inverted U-shaped correlation between income inequality and economic growth, this study investigates whether there is a subjective wellbeing Kuznets curve. It uses data from ten waves of the Chinese General Social Survey to construct a panel data set and runs panel data models to investigate the hypothesized curvilinear relationship between happiness inequality and economic growth. The results show that happiness inequality, measured as the standard deviations of respondents’ self-reported happiness, first increases and then decreases as per-capita GDP increases in Chinese provinces. These findings strongly support the subjective wellbeing Kuznets curve hypothesis and suggest that strategies for reducing happiness inequality must consider stages of economic development.
Low skeletal muscle radiodensity and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Padilha Daniela M. H. , Mendes Maria C. S. , Lascala Fabiana , Silveira Marina N. , Pozzuto Lara , Santos Larissa A. O. , Guerra Lívia D. , Moreira Rafaella C. L. , Branbilla Sandra R. , Junior Ademar D. C. , Duarte Mateus B. O. , Moretti Maria L. , Carvalheira José B. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInflammatory states and body composition changes are associated with a poor prognosis in many diseases, but their role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not fully understood. To assess the impact of low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and a composite score based on both variables, on complications, use of ventilatory support, and survival in patients with COVID-19. Medical records of patients hospitalized between May 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, with a laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 who underwent computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively reviewed. CT-derived body composition measurements assessed at the first lumbar vertebra level, and laboratory tests performed at diagnosis, were used to calculate SMD and NLR. Prognostic values were estimated via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and the Kaplan–Meier curve. The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (CAAE 36276620.2.0000.5404). A total of 200 patients were included. Among the patients assessed, median age was 59 years, 58% were men and 45% required ICU care. A total of 45 (22.5%) patients died. Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that a low SMD (OR 2.94; 95% CI 1.13–7.66, P = 0.027), high NLR (OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.24–12.69, P = 0.021) and both low SMD and high NLR (OR 25.58; 95% CI 2.37–276.71, P = 0.008) combined, were associated with an increased risk of death. Patients who had both low SMD and high NLR required more mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001) and were hospitalized for a longer period (P < 0.001). Low SMD, high NLR and the composite score can predict poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19, and can be used as a tool for early identification of patients at risk. Systemic inflammation and low muscle radiodensity are useful predictors of poor prognosis, and the assessment of these factors in clinical practice should be considered.
Bottom up approach of metal assisted electrochemical exfoliation of boron towards borophene
Authors: Sielicki Krzysztof , Maślana Klaudia , Chen Xuecheng , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochemical exfoliation of nonconductive boron to few-layered borophene is reported. This unique effect is achieved via the incorporation of bulk boron into metal mesh inducing electrical conductivity and opening a venue for borophene fabrication via this feasible strategy. The experiments were conducted in various electrolytes providing a powerful tool to fabricate borophene flakes with a thickness of ~ 3–6 nm with different phases. The mechanism of electrochemical exfoliation of boron is also revealed and discussed. Therefore, the proposed methodology can serve as a new tool for bulk scale fabrication of few-layered borophene and speed up the development of borophene-related research and its potential application.
Kosteneffektivität von Case und Care Management bei
älteren Populationen in Deutschland: Eine systematische
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Brinkmann Carolin , Radic Marija , Kasprick Lysann 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz tendenziell länger anhaltender Gesundheit nimmt
die Komplexität der Gesundheitsprobleme älterer Menschen zu, was
den Bedarf nach interprofessioneller Versorgung in allen Settings
erhöht. Eine fehlende Koordination unter den Leistungserbringenden
riskiert eine fragmentierte Versorgung, die zu Wiederholungen oder
Lücken in Dienstleistungen, widersprüchlichen
Behandlungsempfehlungen, Medikationsfehlern und höheren Kosten
führen kann. Dementsprechend sind neue, integrierte Versorgungsmodelle
gefragt, die sich am Bedarf und Nutzen der PatientInnen orientieren. Das Case
und Care Management (CCM) wird in Deutschland in vielfältigen Settings
zur Verbesserung der Versorgung erprobt. Ziel der Arbeit: Die vorliegende Studie
untersucht, zu welchen Ergebnissen gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen
von CCM-Interventionen in Deutschland bei Populationen über 60 Jahren im
Vergleich zur Regelversorgung kommen.
Material und Methoden Grundlage der Studie ist eine systematische
Literaturrecherche, die über Pubmed und Livivo durchgeführt und
um eine umfassende Handrecherche ergänzt wird. Eingeschlossene
Primärstudien wurden mithilfe des CHEERS-Leitfadens bewertet und
narrativ synthetisiert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt fünf Kosteneffektivitätsstudien
wurden eingeschlossen, überwiegend basierend auf randomisierten,
kontrollierten Studien. Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der
Kosteneffektivität sind gemischt. Signifikante Unterschiede werden bei
Wirksamkeits- und Kostenendpunkten vereinzelt erreicht.
Schlussfolgerung Die gemischte, geringe Studienlage und die zahlreichen
laufenden Innovationsfondsprojekte zu diesem Thema ergeben aktuell noch kein
klares Bild, ob CCM-Interventionen gesundheitsökonomische Vorteile
gegenüber der Regelversorgung aufweisen. Weitere Erforschung ist
indiziert. Innovationsfondsprojekte zum Themenfeld lassen zukünftig neue
Evidenz erwarten.
Recent Progress on the [3+2] Cycloaddition Route for the Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocentres
Authors: Deepthi Ani , Mohan Maneesh , Balachandran Meenakshy C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConstruction of all-carbon quaternary centres is an important task in organic synthesis. In spite of the challenges associated with Csp3–Csp3 bond construction in a sterically constrained environment, significant advances have been made in this area. Among the latter, both catalytic and noncatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition approaches have gained wide attention recently. This short review summarizes the [3+2] cycloaddition reactions reported during the period 2016–2022 for the synthesis of molecules possessing one or more all-carbon quaternary stereocentres.
Synthesis of (±)-5-epi-Vetiverianine A via an Oxidative Cyclization Approach
Authors: Sugita Kazuyuki , Nagata Eiji , Sakate Hisaaki , Okada Takaharu , Adachi Shinya , Kamo Shogo , Matsuzawa Akinobu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we report the synthesis of (±)-5-epi-vetiverianine A. The key reactions, including a rhodium-catalyzed coupling reaction and an oxidative phenolic cyclization, allow for efficient and stereoselective access to (±)-5-epi-vetiverianine A in 11 steps, and in 20% overall yield. The stereochemistry is confirmed by NOE studies.
Uric Acid Induces a Proatherothrombotic Phenotype in Human Endothelial Cells by Imbalancing the Tissue Factor/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Pathway
Authors: Cimmino Giovanni , Conte Stefano , Marra Laura , Morello Andrea , Morello Mariarosaria , De Rosa Gennaro , Pepe Martino , Sugraliyev Akhmetzhan , Golino Paolo , Cirillo Plinio 
Published: September 2022

Background Several evidence show that elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are associated with the increased risk of developing atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED is involved in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis since dysfunctional cells lose their physiological, antithrombotic properties. We have investigated whether UA might promote ED by modulating the tissue factor (TF)/TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) balance by finally changing the antithrombotic characteristics of endothelial cells.
Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with increasing doses of UA (up to 9 mg/dL). TF gene and protein expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Surface expression and procoagulant activity were assessed by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) analysis and coagulation assay. The mRNA and protein levels of TFPI were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. The roles of inflammasome and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as possible mechanism(s) of action of the UA on TF/TFPI balance were also investigated.
Results UA significantly increased TF gene and protein levels, surface expression, and procoagulant activity. In parallel, TFPI levels were significantly reduced. The NF-κB pathways appeared to be involved in modulating these phenomena. Additionally, inflammasome might also play a role.
Conclusion The present in vitro study shows that one of the mechanisms by which high levels of UA contribute to ED might be the imbalance between TF/TFPI levels in endothelial cells, shifting them to a nonphysiological, prothrombotic phenotype. These UA effects might hypothetically explain, at least in part, the relationship observed between elevated plasma levels of UA and cardiovascular events.
Comparison of Charlson Comorbidity Index and Modified 5-Factor Frailty Index as Clinical Risk Stratification Tools in Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Free-Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Huffman Samuel S. , Bovill John D. , Deldar Romina , Gupta Nisha , Truong Brian N. , Haffner Zoë K. , Sayyed Adaah A. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction is associated with a high rate of limb salvage in patients with chronic lower extremity (LE) wounds. Studies have shown perioperative risk stratification tools (e.g., 5-factor modified frailty index [mFI-5] and Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]) to be useful in predicting adverse outcomes; however, no studies have compared them in patients undergoing LE reconstruction. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of mFI-5 and CCI in predicting postoperative morbidity in elderly patients receiving LE FTT reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective review of patients aged 60 years or older who underwent LE FTT reconstruction from 2011 to 2022 was performed. Comorbidity burden was measured by two validated risk-stratification tools: mFI-5 and CCI. Primary outcomes included prolonged postoperative length of stay (LOS), defined as greater than 75th percentile of the cohort, postoperative complications, and eventual amputation.
Results A total of 115 patients were identified. Median CCI and mFI-5 were 5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4–6) and 2 (IQR: 1–3), respectively. Average postoperative LOS was 16.4 days. Twenty-nine patients (25.2%) experienced a postoperative complication, and eight patients (7%) required LE amputation at a mean follow-up of 19.8 months. Overall, flap success was 96.5% (n = 111), and limb salvage rate was 93% (n = 108). Increased CCI was found to be independently predictive of only eventual amputation (odds ratio: 1.59; p = 0.039), while mFI-5 was not predictive of prolonged postoperative LOS, flap complications, or eventual amputation.
Conclusion This is the first study to compare the utility of mFI-5 and CCI in predicting adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing LE FTT reconstruction. Our results demonstrate CCI to be a superior predictor of secondary amputation in this patient population and mFI-5 to have limited utility. Further investigation in a prospective multicenter cohort is warranted.
Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Alazami Syndrome: Two Unrelated Spanish Families
Authors: Soengas-Gonda Emma , Pérez de la Fuente Rubén , Arteche-López Ana , Gómez-Cano María de los Ángeles , Quesada-Espinosa Juan Francisco , Palma Milla Carmen , Lezana Rosales José Miguel , Mayo de Andrés Sonia , Sánchez-Calvín María Teresa , Gómez-Rodríguez María José , Sierra Tomillo Olalla , Juarez Rufian Alexandra , Ramos Gomez Patricia , Herrero-Forte Clara , Fenollar-Cortés Maria , Cotarelo-Pérez Carmen , García Ron Adrián , Pérez Rodríguez Olga , Oancea-Ionescu Raluca , Moreno-García Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlazami syndrome is a rare disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in the LARP7 gene. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by short stature, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features. However, the phenotype is not yet well-defined because less than 50 cases have been described to date. Here, we report three new patients from two unrelated Spanish families who, in addition to the defined features of Alazami syndrome, also exhibit unique features that broaden the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. Moreover, we describe the novel frameshift variant c.690_699delins27 in the LARP7 gene, in which loss of function is a known mechanism of Alazami syndrome.
Prevalence and Predictors of Functional Evacuation Disorder in Patients with Chronic Constipation
Authors: Behera Manas Kumar , Mishra Debakanta , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Singh Ayaskanta , Pati Girish Kumar , Agarwal Shobhit , Narayan Jimmy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Functional evacuation disorder (FED) is the second most common cause of functional constipation (FC) after constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. However, the data on FED is relatively scanty in our region. Hence, the present study was performed to evaluate the demographics of FED and to find out the predictors of FED in patients with chronic constipation.
Methods A total of 134 patients with chronic constipation diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria who were referred for high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. All FC patients who underwent HRAM were asked to fill a questionnaire and underwent anorectal manometry and were submitted to the balloon expulsion test (BET).
Results The mean age of patients was 43.09 ± 9.32 years old, with a total of 76 (54%) males. The most common symptom was straining during defecation (87%) followed by incomplete evacuation (86%). The prevalence of FED, diagnosed by HRAM and by the BET was 39%. Patients with FED had a significantly higher percentage of straining and sensation of anorectal blockade compared with those without FED (96 versus 82%; p < 0.01; 81 versus 44%; p < 0.001, respectively). On the multivariate regression analysis, straining > 30 minutes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.63; p = 0.03), maximum squeeze pressure (OR = 1.05; p < 0.001), and balloon volume at maximal sensation (OR = 1.06; p < 0.001) were found to be significant independent predictors of FED.
Conclusion Prolonged straining and sensation of anorectal blockade were significant indicators of FED in patients with chronic constipation.