bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between prenatal provision of lipid‐based nutrient supplements and caesarean delivery: Findings from a randomised controlled trial in Malawi
Authors: Salenius Meeri , Pyykkö Juha , Ashorn Ulla , Dewey Kathryn G. , Gondwe Austrida , Harjunmaa Ulla , Maleta Kenneth , Nkhoma Minyanga , Vosti Stephen A. , Ashorn Per , Adubra Laura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn populations with a high prevalence of childhood and adolescent undernutrition, supplementation during pregnancy aiming at improving maternal nutritional status and preventing fetal growth restriction might theoretically lead to cephalopelvic disproportion and delivery complications. We investigated whether the prenatal provision of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) was associated with an increased risk of caesarean section (CS) or other delivery complications. Pregnant Malawian women were randomised to receive daily i) iron–folic acid (IFA) capsule (control), ii) multiple micronutrient (MMN) capsule of 18 micronutrients (second control), or iii) SQ‐LNS with similar micronutrients as MMN, plus four minerals and macronutrients contributing 118 kcal. We analysed the associations of SQ‐LNS, CS, and other delivery complications using log‐binomial regressions. Among 1391 women enrolled, 1255 had delivery information available. The incidence of CS and delivery complications was 6.3% and 8.2%, respectively. The incidence of CS was 4.0%, 6.0%, and 8.9% (p = 0.017) in the IFA, MMN, and LNS groups, respectively. Compared to the IFA group, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of CS was 2.2 (1.3–3.8) (p = 0.006) in the LNS group and 1.5 (0.8–2.7) (p = 0.200) in the MMN group. We found no significant differences for other delivery complications. Provision of SQ‐LNS to pregnant women may have increased the incidence of CS. The baseline rate was, however, lower than recommended. It is unclear if the higher CS incidence in the SQ‐LNS group resulted from increased obstetric needs or more active health seeking and a better supply of services. Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01239693.
The short‐term, genome‐wide effects of indirect selection deserve study: A response to Charlesworth and Jensen (2022)
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Feder Jeffrey L. , Nosil Patrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe recently published a paper quantifying the genome‐wide consequences of natural selection, including the effects of indirect selection due to the correlation of genetic regions (neutral or selected) with directly selected regions (Gompert et al., 2022). In their critique of our paper, Charlesworth and Jensen (2022) make two main points: (i) indirect selection is equivalent to hitchhiking and thus well documented (i.e., our results are not novel) and (ii) that we do not demonstrate the source of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs and the Mel‐Stripe locus in the Timema cristinae experiment we analyse. As we discuss in detail below, neither of these are substantial criticisms of our work.
Tissue Recognition Based on Electrical Impedance Classified by Support Vector Machine in Spinal Operation Area
Authors: Chen Bingrong , Shi Yongwang , Li Jiahao , Zhai Jiliang , Liu Liang , Liu Wenyong , Hu Lei , Zhao Yu 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveOne of the major difficulties in spinal surgery is the injury of important tissues caused by tissue misclassification, which is the source of surgical complications. Accurate recognization of the tissues is the key to increase safety and effect as well as to reduce the complications of spinal surgery. The study aimed at tissue recognition in the spinal operation area based on electrical impedance and the boundaries of electrical impedance between cortical bone, cancellous bone, spinal cord, muscle, and nucleus pulposus.MethodsTwo female white swines with body weight of 40 kg were used to expose cortical bone, cancellous bone, spinal cord, muscle, and nucleus pulposus under general anesthesia and aseptic conditions. The electrical impedance of these tissues at 12 frequencies (in the range of 10–100 kHz) was measured by electrochemical analyzer with a specially designed probe, at 22.0–25.0°C and 50%–60% humidity. Two types of tissue recognition models ‐ one combines principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) and the other combines combines SVM and ensemble learning ‐ were constructed, and the boundaries of electrical impedance of the five tissues at 12 frequencies of current were figured out. Linear correlation, two‐way ANOVA, and pairedT‐test were conducted to analyze the relationship between the electrical impedance of different tissues at different frequencies.ResultsThe results suggest that the differences of electrical impedance mainly came from tissue type (p < 0.0001), the electrical impedance of five kinds of tissue was statistically different from each other (p < 0.0001). The tissue recognition accuracy of the algorithm based on principal component analysis and support vector machine ranged from 83%–100%, and the overall accuracy was 95.83%. The classification accuracy of the algorithm based on support vector machine and ensemble learning was 100%, and the boundaries of electrical impedance of five tissues at various frequencies were calculated.ConclusionThe electrical impedance of cortical bone, cancellous bone, spinal cord, muscle, and nucleus pulposus had significant differences in 10–100 kHz frequency. The application of support vector machine realized the accurate tissue recognition in the spinal operation area based on electrical impedance, which is expected to be translated and applied to tissue recognition during spinal surgery.
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen Der p 22: Cloning, expression, IgE‐binding in asthmatic children, and immunogenicity
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Lin , Yu Zhiwei , Gu Xiaohong , Pan Ruilin , Li Qingqing , Yuan Cunyin , Cai Fangfang , Zhu Yimin , Cui Yubao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDust mite extract contains multiple components that, while useful in clinical allergy diagnosis and treatment, can cause serious side effects. Defining components of dust mite extract is important their contributions to allergic disease. This study aimed to characterize a novel dust mite allergen, Der p 22.MethodsWe amplified the cDNA encoding Der p 22 from total RNA of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and inserted it into an expression construct for transformation to competent cells. Purified recombinant (r) Der p 22 was tested for IgE‐binding reactivity in sera obtained from children with allergic asthma by the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu, China). rDer p 22 also was used to challenge BALB/c mice to assess effects on T helper cells and cytokine levels and applied to cultured lung epithelial cells to evaluate apoptosis and cytokine secretion.ResultsrDer p 22 bound to IgE in 93.75% of sera from pediatric allergic asthma patients. Mice challenged with rDer p 22 had altered Th1/Th2 ratios in spleen and lymph, and lower levels of cytokines IFN‐γ but higher levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in alveolar lavage fluid compared with controls (p < .05). Cultured lung epithelial cells had greater apoptosis rates and exhibited higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, and GM‐CSF when treated with rDer p 22 compared with control treatment (p < .05).ConclusionsRecombinant Der p 22 exhibited high IgE‐binding rates in allergic children, indicating the activity of the recombinant protein and suggesting this novel allergen may be appropriate for inclusion in an allergy diagnostic workup. This finding is supported by in vitro and mouse in vivo studies showing rDer p 22 induced strong allergenic reactivity and apoptosis.
Therapeutic effects elicited by the probiotic Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus GG in children with atopic dermatitis. The results of the ProPAD trial
Authors: Carucci Laura , Nocerino Rita , Paparo Lorella , De Filippis Francesca , Coppola Serena , Giglio Veronica , Cozzolino Tommaso , Valentino Vincenzo , Sequino Giuseppina , Bedogni Giorgio , Russo Roberto , Ercolini Danilo , Berni Canani Roberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% of the pediatric population associated with alteration of skin and gut microbiome. Probiotics have been proposed for AD treatment. The ProPAD study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in children with AD.MethodsIn total, 100 AD patients aged 6–36 months were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial to receive placebo (Group A) or LGG (1 x 1010 CFU/daily) (Group B) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the efficacy of LGG supplementation on AD severity comparing the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index at baseline (T0) and at 12‐week (T12). A reduction of ≥8.7 points on the SCORAD index was considered as minimum clinically important difference (MCID). The secondary outcomes were the SCORAD index evaluation at 4‐week (T16) after the end of LGG treatment, number of days without rescue medications, changes in Infant Dermatitis Quality Of Life questionnaire (IDQOL), gut microbiome structure and function, and skin microbiome structure.ResultsThe rate of subjects achieving MCID at T12 and at T16 was higher in Group B (p < .05), and remained higher at T16 (p < .05)The number of days without rescue medications was higher in Group B. IDQOL improved at T12 in the Group B (p < .05). A beneficial modulation of gut and skin microbiome was observed only in Group B patients.ConclusionsThe probiotic LGG could be useful as adjunctive therapy in pediatric AD. The beneficial effects on disease severity and quality of life paralleled with a beneficial modulation of gut and skin microbiome.
Cord blood IgE predicts allergic sensitization, elevation of exhaled nitric oxide, and asthma in schoolchildren
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Ju , Tsai Hui‐Ju , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Gau Chun‐Chun , Ho Chia‐Hua , Huang Jing‐Long , Yao Tsung‐Chieh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew data are available in Asian children regarding the validity of cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) in predicting allergic sensitization and pulmonary function. The relationship between cord blood IgE and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) remains unknown. This study investigated the associations of cord blood IgE with allergic sensitization, FeNO, pulmonary function, and allergic diseases in Asian children.MethodsFive hundred and sixty‐six Asian children with valid cord blood IgE measurements at birth participated a 6‐year follow‐up visit including a questionnaire, serum total and allergen‐specific IgE, FeNO measurement, and spirometry. Regression‐based analyses with covariates adjustment were applied.ResultsCord blood IgE levels were significantly associated with FeNO levels (β = 0.131, p < .001) and serum total IgE levels (β = 0.325, p < .001). Cord blood IgE levels were positively associated with allergic sensitization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.22, p < .001), and sensitization to mites (p = .002), animals (p = .023), and foods (p = .048). Subjects with cord blood IgE ≥0.24 kU/L (the optimal cutoff) were significantly associated with an increased risk of allergic sensitization (AOR = 2.63, p < .001) and asthma (AOR = 2.35, p = .024) than those with cord blood IgE <0.24 kU/L. Subjects with cord blood IgE ≥0.24 kU/L had significantly higher FeNO levels than those with cord blood IgE <0.24 kU/L (p = .028). There were no significant associations between cord blood IgE levels and pulmonary function parameters.ConclusionCord blood IgE ≥0.24 kU/L predicts allergic sensitization, FeNO elevation, and asthma among Asian schoolchildren, suggesting cord blood IgE would be useful for identifying newborns at risk of subsequent allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation.
Sensitivity to movement‐evoked pain, central sensitivity symptoms, and pro‐nociceptive profiles in people with chronic shoulder pain: A parallel‐group cross‐sectional investigation
Authors: Othman Rani , Swain Nicola , Tumilty Steve , Jayakaran Prasath , Mani Ramakrishnan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether sensitivity to movement‐evoked pain (SMEP), central sensitivity symptom burden, and quantitative sensory testing (QST) outcomes differ between healthy controls and people with chronic shoulder pain.MethodsPeople with chronic shoulder pain (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 26) completed validated questionnaires measuring demographic, pain characteristics, psychological factors, social support, sleep quality, central sensitivity inventory (CSI), and physical activity levels. A blinded assessor administered QST measuring pressure pain threshold, temporal summation, conditioned pain modulation, and cold hyperalgesia. All participants performed repeated lifting of weighted canisters and reported severity of pain over successive lifts of the weighted canisters. Between‐group differences in the QST, SMEP and CSI scores were investigated. Demographic and psychosocial variables were adjusted in the analyses.ResultsDynamic mechanical allodynia, mechanical temporal summation, movement‐evoked pain scores, SMEP index, and CSI scores were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in the chronic shoulder pain group than in healthy controls. A significant proportion of people with chronic shoulder pain presented with pro‐nociceptive profiles and experienced higher pain severity, interference, and disability.ConclusionsPeople with chronic shoulder pain displayed symptoms and signs of central sensitization. Future research should investigate the predictive role of central sensitization on clinical outcomes in shoulder pain.
The development and psychometric properties of the grudge aspect measure
Authors: van Monsjou Elizabeth , Muise Amy , Fergus Karen , Struthers Charles Ward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGrudges are a common response to an interpersonal transgression that have received limited empirical attention. In the current research, we developed a self‐report measure of holding a grudge—the grudge aspect measure. The items were based on key findings from van Monsjou et al.'s (2021) thematic analysis: the six underlying components of holding a grudge identified in their analysis (need for validation, moral superiority, inability to let go, latency, sever ties, and expectations of the future); the cyclical process of holding a grudge which is characterized by persistent negative affect and intrusive thoughts that interfere with one's quality of life; and the definition of a grudge as sustained feelings of hurt and anger that dissipate over time but are easily reignited. Across three studies, we validated an 18‐item scale capturing three aspects of holding a grudge: disdain, feelings of dislike and intolerance for the transgressor; emotional persistence, sustained negative affect such as anger and hurt; and perceived longevity, perceptions of never being able to let go of the grudge. As expected, these aspects of holding a grudge were linked to less forgiveness and greater general unforgiveness, as well as revenge, avoidance, and rumination. Topics for future research are discussed.
Mental health and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Ball Jake , Darby Ivan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, and lifestyle affect the onset, progression, and recurrence of mental health disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri‐implant disease. Mental health disorders are associated with more severe periodontal disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They can result in behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are also risk factors for periodontal disease and, therefore, may have a contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating immune cell numbers and function, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. Stress markers such as cortisol and catecholamines may modulate periodontal bacterial growth and the expression of virulence factors. Stress and some mental health disorders are accompanied by a low‐grade chronic inflammation that may be involved in their relationship with periodontal disease and vice versa. Although the gut microbiome interacting with the central nervous system (gut‐brain axis) is thought to play a significant role in mental illness, less is understood about the role of the oral microbiome. The evidence for mental health disorders on implant outcomes is lacking, but may mainly be through behaviourial changes. Through lack of compliance withoral hygiene and maintenance visits, peri‐implant health can be affected. Increased smoking and risk of periodontal disease may also affect implant outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been linked with higher implant failure. They have an anabolic effect on bone, reducing turnover, which could account for the increased loss.
Medical student mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jupina Madison , Sidle Meg Wright , Rehmeyer Caudill Cathryn J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, medical students exhibited poorer mental health relative to the general population and other students. This research aimed to assess American medical student mental health during the pandemic's height, while also identifying stressors and vulnerable populations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 960 US allopathic and osteopathic medical students completed a mental health survey screening for depression, anxiety, burnout, suicidal ideation and increased substance use during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Potential relationships were explored between these mental health indicators and demographic and environmental factors, such as COVID‐19 exposure.FindingsOf the 960 medical students surveyed, 25.1% (n = 241) screened positive for depression, 40.4% (n = 388) screened positive for anxiety, 21.3% (n = 201) met criteria for at least one dimension of burnout, 19.0% (n = 182) started or increased substance use and 7.2% (n = 69) experienced thoughts of self‐harm or suicide. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) in measures of mental health were associated with those who had accessed mental health care, had a personal COVID‐19 diagnosis, knew someone who died of COVID‐19 or were female.ConclusionsAlthough rates of anxiety and substance use among medical students in our study were higher than previously reported, rates of burnout and thoughts of self‐harm or suicide were surprisingly lower. These results indicate that some aspects of remote learning imposed by the pandemic could be protective, warranting additional study for post‐pandemic medical education. Meanwhile, medical schools and clerkships should offer additional resources to students particularly vulnerable to stressors, including females and those with personal pandemic impacts.
Cutaneous lesions in a solid organ transplant recipient: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Ferguson Jessica , Cervera Carlos , Kaffenberger Benjamin , Salgado Moises , Clemente Wanessa Trindade 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 66‐year‐old female with a history of renal transplant in 1999 with new onset fevers and diffuse skin ulcerations. In this article, we present the diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, and treatment decisions for the case.
Comparison of ophthalmic loteprednol etabonate and prednisolone acetate effects on adrenocortical response to ACTH in dogs
Authors: Kline Kyle E. , Walton Stuart A. , Specht Andrew J. , Santoro Domenico , Watson Travis J. , Eide Megan L. , Opgenorth Taylor A. , Plummer Caryn E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study served to compare the degree of adrenocortical suppression following a 2‐week administration of loteprednol etabonate (LE) and prednisolone acetate (PA) ophthalmic drops.ProceduresIn this prospective double‐masked triple‐crossover study, 21 clinically healthy dogs were randomized to receive loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.5%, prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension 1%, or artificial tears (AT). Each group (LE, PA, and AT) received one drop in each eye every 12 h for 2 weeks, followed by a 3‐week washout period between treatment blocks. ACTH stimulation tests were performed before and after each treatment block. Serum cortisol samples were drawn before and 60 min after administration of 1 μg/kg cosyntropin IV. Repeated‐measurement ANOVA followed by a Tukey's multiple comparisons test (or a Friedman test followed by a Dunn's multiple comparisons test) were used to compare pre‐ and post‐treatment cortisol values between each group. A p‐value of ≤.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 18 dogs completed the study. Prestimulation cortisol values were lower in the PA group compared to the LE (p = .0106), but not AT (p = .0589) groups, and post‐stimulation cortisol values were lower in the PA group than either LE (p = .0005) or AT (p = .0002) groups. There was no significant difference detected in pre‐ or post‐stimulation cortisol values after the treatment periods between LE and AT.ConclusionsBased on the reduced suppression of cortisol values, LE caused significantly less hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression than PA. A topical steroid with minimal adrenocortical suppression, such as LE, may be favorable in patients where systemic glucocorticoid effects should be avoided.
Activation of the myosin motors in fast‐twitch muscle of the mouse is controlled by mechano‐sensing in the myosin filaments
Authors: Hill Cameron , Brunello Elisabetta , Fusi Luca , Ovejero Jesús Garcia , Irving Malcolm 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMyosin motors in resting muscle are inactivated by folding against the backbone of the myosin filament in an ordered helical array and must be released from that conformation to engage in force generation. Time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction from single fibres of amphibian muscle showed that myosin filament activation could be inhibited by imposing unloaded shortening at the start of stimulation, suggesting that filaments were activated by mechanical stress. Here we improved the signal‐to‐noise ratio of that approach using whole extensor digitorum longus muscles of the mouse contracting tetanically at 28°C. Changes in X‐ray signals associated with myosin filament activation, including the decrease in the first‐order myosin layer line associated with the helical motor array, increase in the spacing of a myosin‐based reflection associated with packing of myosin tails in the filament backbone, and increase in the ratio of the 1,1 and 1,0 equatorial reflections associated with movement of motors away from the backbone, were delayed by imposing 10‐ms unloaded shortening at the start of stimulation. These results show that myosin filaments are predominantly activated by filament stress, as in amphibian muscle. However, a small component of filament activation at zero load was detected, implying an independent mechanism of partial filament activation. X‐ray interference measurements indicated a switch‐like change in myosin motor conformation at the start of force development, accompanied by transient disordering of motors in the regions of the myosin filament near its midpoint, suggesting that filament zonal dynamics also play a role in its activation.
imageKey points
Activation of myosin filaments in extensor digitorum longus muscles of the mouse is delayed by imposing rapid shortening from the start of stimulation.
Stress is the major mechanism of myosin filament activation in these muscles, but there is a small component of filament activation during electrical stimulation at zero stress.
Myosin motors switch rapidly from the folded inhibited conformation to the actin‐attached force‐generating conformation early in force development.