bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Severe gastrointestinal bleeding revealing metastatic multifocal gastrointestinal angiosarcoma
Authors: Chabbouh Khaoula , Zarg El Ayoun Radhouane , Khsiba Amel , Makni Cyrine , Zribi Slim , Nechi Salwa , Chelby Emna , Hamzaoui Lamine 
Published: June 2022

Background: Angiosarcoma is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma that can arise in any soft-tissue structure or viscera. Only individual case reports and small series of gastrointestinal angiosarcoma have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we report the first African case of small intestine epithelioid angiosarcoma. Case report: Here, we present the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with melena and anemia. Physical examination showed the presence of two subcutaneous masses on the right and left flanks. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, duodenoscopy and jejunoscopy revealed multiple purpuric and hemorrhagic nodules and masses, some of which were bleeding. Pathological study of the ampullary formation and of a subcutaneous nodule concluded to the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma. Blood transfusions and interventional endoscopy by argan plasma coagulation were required due to a continued drop in hemoglobin. A drop in hemoglobin persisted and the patient died within 10 days. Conclusions: Angiosarcoma has a very poor prognosis due to delayed prognosis and insufficient therapeutic management. Interventional endoscopy to control bleeding can be considered in localized forms. Chemotherapy may help to prolong survival in metastatic and disseminated angiosarcoma. Further studies should be conducted to improve the prognosis.
An evaluation of the three measurable cardinal objectives of the National Youth Service Corps programme: a survey dataset
Authors: Owan Valentine J. , Emanghe Emanuel E. , Akpan Samuel M. , Alawa David A. , Ebuara Victor O. , Abanyam Victor A. , Owan Mercy V. , Unimna Fidelis A. , Ajigo Ikutal 
Published: June 2022

Background: The National Youth Service Corps programme is, among other targets, aimed at promoting national inclusiveness and tolerance in a culturally heterogeneous society. Despite the importance of this programme, little has been done to evaluate its degree of success. Where evaluations are done, they are never made public. There is a need for the NYSC programme, just like all other public programmes, to be evaluated for transparency, accountability and decision-making. From an evaluation of the three measurable objectives of the NYSC programme, this dataset bridges this gap. Methods: This dataset was collected from Nigerian graduates that completed their national service between 2012 and 2021. The data was collected through an electronic survey posted to various online platforms hosting National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members of the various sets and batches. The data collection aimed to evaluate the three cardinal objectives of the programme. After three years of data collection (from 2019 to 2021), responses were obtained from 19,278 participants that met the eligibility criteria. The data is an Excel (.xlsx) document with 19,278 cases and 95 variables. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and simple percentages were used to summarise the data. However, charts are further used to illustrate the demographic attributes of the respondents. The dataset is broad and covers all the 36 states in Nigeria plus the Federal Capital Territory. Results: The data set has many reuse potentials because it contains information on camp activities (such as parades, military drills, redeployment, quality of food, and facilities, among others), primary assignments and community service engagements of corps members. Conclusions: The data can offer a complete evaluation of how the (NYSC) has attained three of its four cardinal objectives. A series of relationships can further be determined and tested using inferential statistics among the variables included in the dataset.
Why is health improvement policy so difficult to secure?
Authors: Cairney Paul , St.Denny Emily , Boswell John 
Published: June 2022

Many governments seek to improve the health of their populations, and some seek to reduce health inequalities. Yet, there remains a large gap between their policy statements, practices, and outcomes. It prompts perennial questions in public health research: why is this gap so large, why does it endure, and what can be done to close it? In that context, this essay uses political science and policy studies’ insights to explain the gap between rhetorical and substantive support for health improvement policies. On the one hand, the idea of ‘prevention’ has widespread appeal, particularly when governments think they can save money or reduce inequalities by preventing problems happening or worsening. While health protection inoculates populations against communicable diseases, health improvement strategies, including ‘Health in All Policies’ (HiAP), address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Further, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the unequal spread of ill health, showing that preventive health ideas should be at the core of government responses. On the other hand, there is: a large gap between rhetorical commitment and actual practices, a continuous HiAP implementation gap, and a tendency for COVID-19 health protection to overshadow health improvement. Explaining each problem clearly should help public health researchers support solutions that are tethered to political reality. To that end, we identify the factors that always undermine prevention policies and those specific to HiAP and COVID-19. We go beyond a tendency to relate politics primarily to leadership or treat low ‘political will’ as the main policymaking problem. Instead, we identify the systemic policymaking dynamics that apply to even the most sincere, energetic policymakers. Health improvement policy is typically undermined by a lack of: clarity about what prevention means in practice; congruity between the radical aims of prevention and established policymaking routines and practices; and, capacity to overcome obstacles to policy change.
Extreme Inflation and Time-Varying Expected Consumption Growth
Authors: Dergunov Ilya , Meinerding Christoph , Schlag Christian 
Published: June 2022

In a parsimonious regime switching model, we find strong evidence that expected consumption growth varies over time. Adding inflation as a second variable, we uncover two states in which expected consumption growth is low, one with high and one with negative expected inflation. Embedded in a general equilibrium asset pricing model with learning, these dynamics replicate the observed time variation in stock return volatilities and stock-bond return correlations. They also provide an alternative derivation for a measure of time-varying disaster risk suggested by Watcher [ Wachter J (2013 ) Can time-varying risk of rare disasters explain aggregate stock market volatility? J. Finance 68(3):987–1035]. implying that both the disaster and the long-run risk paradigm can be extended toward explaining movements in the stock-bond correlation. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge research and financial support from the Leibniz Center for Financial Research SAFE (formerly Research Center SAFE, funded by the State of Hessen initiative for research LOEWE). Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4451 .
Temporomandibular disorders. Part 3: pain and pharmacological therapy
Authors: Clarke Peter , Oluwajana Funmi , James Martin , Crawford Charles , Foster-Thomas Emma , Allan Rigel 
Published: June 2022

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise a variety of diagnoses with multifactorial aetiologies. The treatment of these conditions is often multimodal, reflecting the complex nature of their pathogenesis. Pharmacology has long been used for the control of inflammation and pain in various acute and chronic conditions. Although not the mainstay of treatment in TMD, pharmacology frequently plays a supportive role, and numerous drugs are available that act on several potential targets. This article, the third in a series of six, summarizes the pathogenesis of pain relevant to TMD, before reviewing the current medications available, their efficacy and their potential indications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the potential medications available can help clinicians select an appropriate drug to complement other treatment for TMD.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clam (Tridacna crocea) in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: KUSNADI AGUS , KURNIANTO DEDY , MADDUPPA HAWIS , ZAMANI NEVIATY P. , IBRAHIM PUTRI SAPIRA , HERNAWAN UDHI E. , UTAMI RISNITA TRI , TRIANDIZA TEDDY 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Kusnadi A, Kurnianto D, Madduppa H, Zamani NP, Ibrahim PS, HernawanU E, Utami RT, Triandiza T. 2022. Genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clam (Tridacna crocea) in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1273-1282. Giant clams (Tridacninae) are ecologically important species in the coral reef ecosystems. They provide valuable functionsto traditional fisheries in Kei Islands, Maluku. However, their population isunder great pressure due to anthropogenic threats, such as overfishing and habitat degradation. To provide important data for devising effective conservation management strategies for giant clams, we investigated genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clams Tridacna croceain Kei Islands based on partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence. Tissue samples were collected from six sites: Kur, Dullah Laut, Tanimbar Kei, Dar, Labetawi, and Difur. We sequenced 477 base pairs of COI gene and identified 42 haplotypes and 52 polymorphic sites. Analysis of genetic diversity showed Dullah Laut and Dar had the highest genetic diversity. Population structure and genetic distance analysis showed unstructured populations with high genetic closeness among sites. This finding was also confirmed by the mixture pattern of the haplotype network. Further analysis using Bayesian models on gene flow revealed high genetic exchange among sites and that Dullah Population predominantly served as a source site for the other sites. This indicated a high probability of successful larval dispersal among sites. Based on these findings, we predict that the boring giant clams likely form a single population in Kei Islands. Our study warrants conservation priority for Dullah population as the main source of gene flow.
Short Communication: Bacterial diversity of mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI , ROSALINA FEBRIANTI , SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , DEWI NURUL KUSUMA , YUNITA MELDA , SARHAN ABDUL RIDHA TAHA , RAHAYU YENI , KUSUMAWATI EKO 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Sukmawati S, Rosalina F, Sipriyadi, Dewi NK, Yunita M, Sarhan ART, Rahayu Y, Kusumawati E. 2022. Short Communication: Bacterial diversity of mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1427-1432. The mangrove ecosystem is a producer of detritus and a source of nutrients and organic matter. Some of the ecological functions of mangrove forests are coastline protector, preventing seawater intrusion, as a habitat for various living creatures, a microclimate regulator, a nursery ground, spawning ground, as well as a feeding ground for various aquatic biota. The mangrove forest ecosystem cannot be separated from the role of microbes in helping the process of soil biochemical cycles. In the biochemical cycle, microbes are able to maintain the availability of macronutrients in the soil. The objective of this study was to identify the diversity of bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu, Sorong City. The research method descriptively described the diversity of bacterial species found in the mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu, Sorong City, West Papua Province. The results indicated that the DNA fragments of the four isolates obtained from this study were around 1300 bp. Meanwhile, the bacterial species obtained were isolated SA3, identified as Bacillus safensis strain C251, isolate SA8 identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NO10, isolate SL8 was identified as Clostridium sp. JC336, and isolate SL1 was identified as Bacillus australimaris strain IIHR GAPB01.
Cr/C multilayer growth on a heavy metal layer for upgrading of high efficiency tender x-ray gratings
Authors: Zhuang Yeqi , Huang Qiushi , Tan Wen , Qi Runze , Zhou Hongjun , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: June 2022

To increase efficiency of single layer gratings used in the tender x-ray range, a high reflectance multilayer can be directly grown on single layer gratings. Multilayer growth quality was studied by depositing the Cr/C multilayer on a Pt single layer using flat substrates. Their structure quality and adhesion were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (GIXRR), x-ray scattering (XRS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and layer adhesion measurement. AFM results showed that the surface roughness was 0.218 nm for the multilayer without the Pt layer and 0.272 nm for the multilayer with the Pt layer. As GIXRR results showed, the average interface widths were 0.39 nm for the multilayer without the Pt layer and 0.42 nm for the multilayer with the Pt layer. XRS results indicated that the existence of a Pt layer enlarged slightly the roughness of the multilayer. Simulation results exhibited that these slight changes caused by the Pt layer had an insignificant effect on reflectivity. As XRD results displayed, the crystallization of the Pt layer had negligible effects on the crystallization of Cr in films. The layer adhesion measurement revealed that the critical loads to peel off the layer from the substrate were 84.64 mN for the multilayer without the Pt layer and 33.99 mN for the multilayer with the Pt layer. After 6 months, the latter layer structure is undamaged, demonstrating that the coating is not easily peeled off. This study proves the feasibility to upgrade a low efficiency single Pt layer grating to a highly efficient multilayer grating.
Edaravone efficacy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with reduced forced vital capacity: Post-hoc analysis of Study 19 (MCI186-19) [clinical trial NCT01492686]
Authors: Brooks Benjamin Rix , Heiman-Patterson Terry , Wiedau-Pazos Martina , Liu Shawn , Zhang Jeffrey , Apple Stephen 
Published: June 2022

Background
Edaravone slowed the rate of functional decline in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in phase 3 study MCI186-19 (Study 19). One of the Study 19 inclusion criteria was forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥80% of predicted (≥80%p). Therefore, the study provided no information on edaravone efficacy in subjects with FVC <80%p. In Study 19, 24-week, double-blind treatment was followed by open-label treatment where all subjects received edaravone. At 24 weeks, some subjects had FVC <80%p (FVC24 <80%p). This allowed for post-hoc assessment of the effects of edaravone in subgroups of subjects with FVC24 ≥80%p vs <80%p.

Objective
To address the question of the efficacy of edaravone in ALS patients with FVC <80%p.

Methods
Post-hoc analysis of Study 19 comparing edaravone efficacy at week 48 in subjects with FVC24 ≥80%p vs <80%p.

Results
With edaravone treatment, subjects in both the FVC24 ≥80%p and the FVC24 <80%p subgroups experienced a reduction in ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score loss vs placebo subjects through week 48. For the FVC24 ≥80%p subgroup, the changes in ALSFRS-R scores from baseline to week 48 were −7.63 for edaravone-edaravone vs −9.69 for placebo-edaravone, a difference of 2.05 (P = .034; 95% CI: 0.16, 3.94). For the FVC24 <80%p subgroup, the changes in ALSFRS-R scores from baseline to week 48 were −10.26 for edaravone-edaravone vs −15.20 for placebo-edaravone, a difference of 4.94 (P = .0038; 95% CI: 1.64, 8.25). Linear regression analysis indicated that, in the FVC24 <80%p subgroup, there was a notable change in the slope of the ALSFRS-R score-vs-time graph after the start of edaravone treatment.

Conclusion
ALS subjects in the Study 19 placebo arm had a slowing in disease progression, even when edaravone was added with an FVC of <80%p prior to starting edaravone. A randomized, placebo-controlled study is needed to validate these post-hoc findings.
Association between depression and quality of life in stroke patients: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV–VII (2008–2018)
Authors: Kang Sun Woo , Lee Sook-Hyun , Lee Ye-Seul , Kwon Seungwon , Bosch Peggy , Lee Yoon Jae , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: June 2022

Background
Stroke and depression are common diseases that affect quality of life (QoL). Although some recent studies have investigated the association between the two diseases, studies that examined the association between stroke, depression, and QoL are rare, with large-scale national-level studies lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between depression and QoL in stroke patients.

Methods
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV–VII conducted in 2008–2018 were used, and 45,741 adults who were aged >40 years and had no missing data for stroke and depression were included in the analysis. The participants were first grouped by prevalence of stroke, and further divided by prevalence of depression.

Results
The overall prevalence of stroke was 3.2%, and the incidence was 9% higher in men than in women. Multiple logistic regression was performed after adjusting for demographic factors, health-related factors, and disease-related factors. The results confirmed that the stroke group with depression had a lower overall health-related quality of life, measured using EQ-5D, score compared to the stroke group without depression (-0.15). Moreover, the concurrent stroke and depression treatment group had the highest OR of 7.28 (95% CI 3.28–16.2) for the anxiety/depression domain.

Conclusion
Depression was strongly associated with QoL in stroke patients. This association was more evident in stroke patients undergoing treatment for depression. Thus, clinical approaches that take QoL into consideration are needed for stroke patients with depression.
Prevalence and determinants of scabies among school-age children in Central Armachiho district, Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Misganaw Bisrat , Nigatu Solomon Gedlu , Gebrie Gebremedhin Necho , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign 
Published: June 2022

Background
Scabies is a major global public health issue that might affect people from all socioeconomic levels. Globally, scabies affects more than 200 million people at any time. It remains one of the commonest skin diseases seen in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of scabies among school-age children in Central Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 850 study populations. Data was checked for its completeness, coded, and entered by using EPI-INFO version 7 and exported to the SPSS version 20 for analysis. A Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinants of scabies. Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI were used as measurements for the associations. P-values <0.005 were considered significant.

Result
Prevalence of scabies among the 850 participants studied was 10.82% (95% CI: 8.7–12.9). Contact history with confirmed scabies patient (AOR = 5.28,95% CI: 2.96–9.44), child not attending school (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI;1.45–6.54), rarely changing clothes (AOR = 2.43,95% CI: 1.27–4.62), sleeping on the floor (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI:1.95–8.67), bed sharing; (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI:2.86–6.15), rarely washing cloth: (AOR = 5.08,95% CI:2.75–9.36), living with internally displaced people; (AOR,95% CI: 3.47 (1.30–9.24) and using only water to wash hands; (AOR = 3.18,95% CI:1.74–5.80) had a statistically significant association with scabies infestation among school-age children.

Conclusion
The current study found nearly one out of ten school-age children had scabies. Not attended school, contact history with confirmed scabies patient, not washing cloth, infrequent changing clothes, bedding sharing, sleeping on the floor, living with internally displaced people, and only using water for handwashing practice were the independent predictors for the occurrence of scabies. Health education better to given to the parents or caregivers about the washing of clothing, changing clothes at least once per week, and avoid physical contact with known scabies cases.
Effect of sample management on quantitative HIV-1 viral load measurement at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gutema Gadissa , Hailu Habtyes , W/semeyat Belete , Yilma Amelework , Abdela Saro , Kidane Eleni , Adane Sisay , Yimer Mengistu , Tsegaye Aster 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study was meant to determine the effect of time to plasma separation, storage duration, freeze-thawing cycle and dilution proportion on the HIV-1 viral load level.

Methods
Experimental study design was employed by collecting 10mL whole blood samples into two EDTA tubes from 88 eligible HIV infected patients at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. The viral load test was done using Abbott m2000sp/rt analyzer. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare HIV RNA viral load mean difference between different time to plasma separation, storage, freeze-thawing cycles and dilution levels. Post-hoc analysis was employed to locate the place of significant differences. P value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance while viral RNA level of 0.5 log copies/ml was used to determine clinical significance.

Results
There was significant HIV-1 RNA viral load log mean difference between plasma separation time at 6 hours (hrs) and 24hrs (p<0.001). There was also significant HIV-1 RNA viral load log mean difference between plasma tested within 6hrs and those stored at 2–8°C for 15 days (p = 0.006), and between plasma stored at 2–8°C for 6 days versus 15 days (p<0.001). There was significant log mean difference between plasma that was exposed to fourth cycle of freeze-thawing after storage at -20°C when compared with plasma tested within 6hrs (p = 0.013).

Conclusion
Plasma separated at 24hrs, stored at 2–8°C for 15 days or freeze-thawed for four cycles had significant effect on HIV viral load level. However, the differences were not clinically significant at a cut-off viral load level of 0.5 log copies/ml. Avoiding delays to plasma separation beyond 24 hrs, storing at 2–8°C for 15 days and freeze-thawing for no more than 4 cycles is recommended to improve the result quality.
The influence of organizational compassion on Job Crafting: A motivational resource facilitator?
Authors: Araújo Maria Leonor , Marujo Helena Águeda , Lopes Miguel Pereira , Pereira Paulo Almeida 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the perception of compassion at work (consciousness, empathy, evaluation, response type) and compassionate “actions and organizational characteristics” on job crafting (increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands, decreasing hindering job demands). The study collected quantitative data from 231 professionals from different economic sectors. The results indicated that only the dimensions: “evaluation” and “response type” of the compassion process, as well as compassionate “organizational characteristics”, showed a positive influence in the “increasing structural job resources”, “increasing social job resources” and “increasing challenging job demands”. There was no negative relationship between the dimensions of the compassion process and compassionate “organizational characteristics and actions” in “decreasing hindering job demands”. The mechanisms by which compassion at work could have positive effects on the job crafting processes are presented.