bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the effects of heated TC1 extract in combination with Lactobacillus Casei extract and alpha-galactosyl ceramide on mouse model of cervical cancer caused by the papilloma virus
Authors: Hagigi Dorsa , Yazdani Shaghayegh , Farzanehpour Mahdieh , Gouvarchinghaleh Hadi Esmaeili 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is considered as the third prevalent cancer concerning the female genital tract. The prevalence of the disease is considerable in many developing countries. However, invasive cervical cancer is preventable, since it has a long pre-invasive period, a feasible screening program, and primary lesions as symptoms for starting the treatment. In this study, we are going to evaluate the effects of heated TC1 extract in combination with Lactobacillus Casei extract and alpha-galactosyl ceramide on mouse model of cervical cancer caused by the papilloma virus.Material and Methods: Cervical cancer in the mice model was prepared by TC1 cells subcutaneous injection into the left flank of C57BL/6 among 6-8 weeks female mice (n=80). After appearance of palpable tumor, the mice with cervical cancer were randomly devoted to 8 ten-member groups. The mice in some groups were treated with PBS, TC1 cell extract, Lactobacillus casei extract, alpha-galactosyl ceramide, and combination of the mentioned factors and then, they were evaluated concerning the splenocyte proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase production, nitric oxide, and the respiratory burst. Moreover, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TGF-β cytokines levels of splenocyte supernatant among the mice were measured. Result: The findings revealed that the combination therapy group (TC1 cell extract, Lactobacillus casei extract, alpha-galactosyl ceramide) significantly increases the splenocyte proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase production, nitric oxide, respiratory burst, and interferon-gamma (P<0.05); and significantly reduces production of IL-4 and TGF-β cytokines (P<0.05) in comparison to the control and untreated groups. Conclusion: The study showed that combination therapy of Lactobacillus Casei and alpha-galactosyl ceramide is an efficient treatment for cervical cancer in the mice model.
Survival of Veterans Treated with Enzalutamide and Abiraterone for Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer based on Comorbid Diseases
Authors: Schoen Martin , Carson Kenneth , Eisen Seth , Bennett Charles , Luo Suhong , Reimers Melissa , Knoche Eric , Whitmer Alison , Yan Yan , Drake Bettina , Sanfilippo Kristen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Comorbid diseases influence patient outcomes, yet little is known about how comorbidities interact with treatments for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). No head-to-head trials have compared the efficacy of abiraterone and enzalutamide - oral androgen-receptor targeted agents (ARTAs) for mCRPC. In patients with comorbid disease, outcomes with ARTAs may differ due to disparate mechanisms of action, adverse events, and drug interactions.
Methods
Retrospective observational study of US veterans starting treatment for mCRPC with abiraterone or enzalutamide between 9/2014 and 6/2017 to compare treatment duration and survival based on age and comorbid diseases. The association between treatment and overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and propensity-score matched modeling while adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on patient age, comorbidities, and subsequent treatments for mCRPC.
Results
Of 5822 veterans treated for mCRPC, 43.0% initially received enzalutamide and 57.0% abiraterone. Veterans initially treated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone were older (mean 75.8 vs. 75.0 years) with higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (4.4 vs. 4.1), and higher rates of cardiovascular disease or diabetes (74.2% vs. 70.6%). In the entire population, veterans initially treated with enzalutamide had longer median OS compared to those initially treated with abiraterone (24.2 vs. 22.1 months, p = 0.001). In veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes, median treatment duration with enzalutamide was longer (11.4 vs. 8.6 months, p < 0.001) with longer median OS compared to abiraterone (23.2 vs. 20.5 months, p < 0.001). In a propensity score matched cohort, enzalutamide was associated with decreased mortality compared to abiraterone (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96).
Conclusions
Veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes had longer treatment duration and OS with enzalutamide compared to abiraterone. Further study of ARTA selection could benefit men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer and likely hormone sensitive prostate cancer, especially among patients with comorbid diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: association between findings of CT and SF ratios in inpatients and critically ill patients
Authors: Öcal Serpil , Düzgün Selin Ardalı , Çelikten Burcu , Geldigitti İsmail Tuna , Karabulut Erdem , Başaran Nursel Çalık , Akpınar Meltem Gülsün , Uzun Ömrüm 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
We aim to evaluate the association between CT findings and SpO2/FiO2 (SF) in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Our secondary purpose was to assess the predictive value of the SF ratio to identify critically ill patients and mortality.
Methods
A prospectively recorded electronic database for all hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was used. CT findings and SF ratio were evaluated on admission. In the clinical course, they were divided into 2 groups as inpatients and critically ill patients to compare.
Results
During the study period, 256 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 were admitted to the hospital. The final cohort consisted of 87 patients. There is a significant moderate to strong negative correlation between the SF ratio and not-, and poorly-inflated lung ratios in critically ill patients (r = -0.591, p = < .001 and r = -0.549, p = < .001). There is a significant moderate negative correlation between the SF ratio and FWHM (r = -0.417, p = .024) in critically ill patients. The optimal cut-off point of the SF ratio for admission to the ICU was determined as 445 (87.1% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, 84.4% PPV, and 92.7% NPV).
Conclusions
Lung involvement on chest CT in critically ill patients shows heterogeneity and FWHM could be used to estimate the lung heterogeneity. The SF ratio is significantly associated with CT findings and SF ratio on admission can be used alone to identify critically ill patients and mortality.
Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Gfr in Internet of Medical Things Environment Using Graph Neural Network Based Deep Q Learning (GNN-DQL)
Authors: Tatiparti B Prasad Reddy , Dharmar Vydeki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The identification of Chronic kidney (CK) disease in the medical field is still acts as a challenging scenario in the recent years. Precise recognition of CK disease possess a significant aspect in rendering effective treatment to the patients. Various forms of approaches have been developed for the exact classification of CK disease, but still there emerges certain forms of demerits including, improper selection of features, necessity of high storage space, requirement of effective learning model, less accurate, high complexities with respect to time and cost. The presence of these drawbacks adversely decreases the overall model performance. Hence to overcome these complexities, a graph neural network based deep Q learning (GNN-DQL) approach is proposed for the effective classification of five different stages like normal, mild, moderate, severe and end. Initially, the data are gathered from different people with the help of biomedical sensors through Internet of medical things (IoMT). The data are pre-processed through Handling Missing Values, Categorical Data Encoding, Data Transformation and Outlier Detection to eradicate the unwanted distortions. The Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) is calculated with respect to age and serum creatinine level. Then, GNN-DQL technique is adopted for enhancing the classification accuracy. The parameters are optimized through Adaptive Mayfly Optimization (AMO) method. The classification performance is analysed with respect to accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, confusion matrix and so on using PYTHON simulation tool. The classification accuracy of 99.93% is attained in the CK disease classification of five different stages regarding the collected data.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolates from Different Ecological Niches
Authors: LIU XUDONG , Hu Tongyuan , Lin Xiaoqian , Liang Hewei , Li Wenxi , Jin Xin , Xiao Liang , Fang Xiaodong , Zou Yuanqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been extensively applied in plentiful probiotic products and is mostly found in the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity of human and animal, and fermented foods. Although several studies have been performed to investigate the beneficial characteristics and genome function of L. acidophilus, comparative genomic analysis remains scarce. In this study, we collected 74 L. acidophilus genomes from our gut bacterial genome collection and the public database and conducted a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis. The analysis of average nucleotide identity (ANI), phylogenetic, gene distribution of COG and KEGG database, carbohydrates utilization, and secondary metabolites revealed the potential correlation of the genomic diversity and niches adaptation of L. acidophilus from different perspectives. In addition, the pan-genome of L. acidophilus was found to be open, with metabolism, information storage and processing genes mainly distributed in the core genome. Phage- and peptidase-associated genes were found in the genome of the specificity of animal-derived strains, which were related to adaptation of animal gut. SNP analysis showed the differences of the utilization of Vitamin B12 in cellular of L. acidophilus strains from animal gut and others. This work provides new insights for the genomic diversity analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus and uncovers the ecological adaptation of the specific strains.
Identification of biomarkers, pathways and potential therapeutic targets for EGFR-TKI resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Leilei , Gao Shanshan , Zhao Xianya , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been proven to provide survival benefits for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but drug resistance represents a major therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to map the hub genes and potential pathways that might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. Methods: We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EGFR-TKI-sensitive and EGFR-TKI-resistant patient derived xenotransplantation (PDX) samples based on microarray data in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were applied for functional and pathway analysis of DEGs. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and determine gene interactions. Survival analysis was performed via the GEPIA database. The relationship between the EGFR-TKI resistance key gene ITGAM and the corresponding potential therapeutic candidates was retrieved from DGIdb. Results: A total of 1302 DEGs were identified (P <.05, fold change >2) when comparing the EGFR-TKI resistant and sensitive groups based on the GSE64472 and GSE130160 datasets. GO functional analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in plasma membrane, integrin binding, cytokine activity, growth factor activity, platelet-derived growth factor binding immune response and cell adhesion. Pathway analyses also indicated that these DEGs are mainly involved in signaling by the chemokine-cytokine receptor interaction, melanogenesis and basal cell carcinoma. The PPI network highlighted 10 potential hub genes, including six upregulated genes, ITGAM, CCL5, CD4, IDO1, HAVCR2 and CCR7, and four downregulated genes, IL6, IL10, CXCL9 and TLR9. Only ITGAM was linked to poor DSF in NSCLC patients. A total of 10 drugs were predicted to be potential therapeutics for NSCLA with EGFR-TKI resistance. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that we have determined the hub genes related to EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC through bioinformatics technologies. Among them, ITGAM may play a role in the mechanism of resistance to EGFR-TKIs and helps to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of EGFR-TKI resistance and provide novel insights into therapeutics.
The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist-physician Communication on Reducing Drug-related Problems: a RCT in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zheng Feiyang , Wang Dan , Zhang Xinping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The incidence of drug-related problems (DRP) has caused serious health hazards and economic burdens among poly-medicine patients. Effective communication between clinical pharmacists and physicians (CPP) has a significant impact on reducing DRPs, but evidence is poor.Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted to explore the communication mode between CPPs based on the interprofessional approach of the shared decision making model and Relational Coordination theory. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to explore the effects of communication intervention on reducing DRPs. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of communication.Results: The mode of communication is driven by clinical pharmacists between CPPs and selectively based on different DRP types. Normally, the communication contents only cover two (33.8%) types of DRP contents or fewer (35.1%). The communication time averaged 5.8 minutes. The communication way is predominantly face-to-face (91.3%), but telephone or other online means (such as WeChat) may be preferred for urgent task or long physical distance. Among the 367 participants, 44 patients had DRPs. RCT results indicated a significant difference in DRP incidence between the control group and the intervention group after the communication intervention (P = 0.02), and the incidence of DRP in the intervention group was significantly reduced (15.6% vs 0.07%). Regression analysis showed that communication time had negative impact on DRP incidence (OR = 13.22, p<0.001).Conclusion: Face-to face communication is mainly current practiced mode between CPPs, but they communicate few contents when dealing with DRPs. Communication mode based on the interprofessional approach of the shared decision making between CPPs in medication decision-making could significantly reduce the incidence of DRP and the length of communication time is a significant factor. The longer the communication time, the fewer DRPs occur.Trial registration: This trial was approved by the ethics committee of the surveyed Hospital (kj2020-087-03) and registered in the China clinical trial registry (https:// www.chictr.org.cn, number chictr20000035321).
Proximology in a Cancer Care Setting in Burkina Faso: A Study of Cancer Patient Caregivers
Authors: Bambara Augustin Tozoula , Ouédraogo Nina-Astrid , Nébié Arlette J. K. , Sombié Roger 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the role of caregivers of cancer patients at Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, using a proximological approach. We carried out a cross-sectional, observational study of 72 patient/caregiver dyads that included patients followed for at least one month as outpatients for confirmed cancer and their primary caregiver from May-October 2021. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment questionnaire (CRA). Mean scores of the CRA dimensions were compared according to selected patient/caregiver characteristics. In 53% of dyads, the relationship was parent/child. Administrative formalities and emotional support were the main tasks undertaken by the primary caregivers. Strength of the parental bond, living in the same home, and knowledge of the seriousness of the patient’s illness had a significant impact on CRA scores. In our setting, we need to reflect on measures to lighten the burden of the cancer patient’s caregiver.
Comparative epidemiology of ivermectin and vaccines against Delta variant based on real-world data and hypothesized mechanisms of ivermectin immunological action
Authors: Tanioka Hisaya , Tanioka Sayaka , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In areas of Africa where ivermectin is widely used as prophylaxis against neglected tropical diseases, COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are markedly lower. Thus, prophylactic administration of ivermectin is expected to be as effective as vaccine administration. This study will evaluate the effect of ivermectin on Delta variant by retrospective comparative epidemiology with vaccines and estimate its mechanism of action.
Methods
We used the 4-month observation period during which Delta variant was prevalent. Vaccine-using countries were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of an inactivated vaccine approval. The number of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries in the ivermectin-using countries and countries with full vaccination coverage of 50% or higher were corrected using adjustment factors calculated from population factors, medical care, and test systems. The median test performed statistical comparisons by adjusted values between the ivermectin group and each vaccine group. Vaccine efficacy rates against ivermectin were calculated based on odds ratios. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient examined the interaction between ivermectin and each vaccine.
Results
Ivermectin was statistically less effective than the non-inactivated vaccines but was not statistically significantly different from the inactivated vaccine-approved group for all items. Vaccine efficacy against ivermectin was 35% for the non-inactivated vaccines and 13% for the inactivated vaccine-approved group. The interaction between ivermectin and the non-inactivated vaccines may reduce morbidity, while the inactivated vaccines may increase morbidity and mortality.
Discussion
Ivermectin may have both chemical actions and immune response mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. Ivermectin is less effective than the non-inactivated vaccine but is more effective than the inactivated one. When used in combination with a non-activated vaccine, it may further reduce morbidity. The vaccine effect of ivermectin may last approximately 5 months. The vaccine-like effects of ivermectin may activate the retinoic acid-induced gene-I pathway, leading to antibody production and autophagy.
Investigation of meteorological drought characteristics of the Great Man-Made River Region: a case study of drought in Libya
Authors: ELHAJ Mustafa Ibrahim Mohamed , KESKIN Tulay EKEMEN , JAMALI Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Drought is a hidden natural hazard that involves complex climatic systems and has significant environmental and social consequences. Due to the current state of catastrophic climatic occurrences, there has been an increase of interest in monitoring of droughts in recent years. In this study, meteorological drought analysis for five monitoring stations in the Great Man-Made River region located in Libya was conducted. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) methods were used to determine meteorological droughts utilizing monthly total precipitation data, mean monthly temperatures data, and total monthly precipitation. The drought analysis of the Great Man-Made River region using DrinC software for 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months SPI values were researched. According to the SPI-12-month index values, the driest period was determined by 86% in the Tripoli Airport and Nalut station, and the least dry period was determined in the Sirt station by 39%. It was found that the year 2000–2001 was one of the driest years in all stations, and the other years with high drought rates were 1981–1982, 1984–1985, and 1992–1993.
GLP-2 ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Li Dongyue , Gao Yanhong , Cui Lanrong , Li Yang , Ling Hao , Tan Xin , Xu Hongyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrence and remission of colonic and rectal mucosal inflammation, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a newly discovered enteral nutrition factor, but its efficacy and potential mechanism of action on UC have not been fully elucidated.
Aims
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GLP-2 on Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced UC in mice and its potential mechanism.
Methods
40 C57BL/6J female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (CON) ,DSS group (DSS) ,DSS + Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli group (ETEC) ,DSS + ETEC + sitagliptin group (GLP-2). The effect of GLP-2 on UC was evaluated by calculating the disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI), and histopathological score. The expressions of GLP-2, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA ) and immunohistochemistry. 16SrRNA was used to detect the changes in gut microbiota in mouse colonic tissue.
Results
Compared with the control group, the GLP-2 of mice in the DSS group and ETEC group decreased significantly, and NF-κB, IL-6, and STAT3 were significantly increased(P < 0.0001). Compared with the DSS group, the CMDI score and histopathological score of the GLP-2 group were significantly decreased, GLP-2 expression was significantly increased, and NF-κB, IL-6, and STAT3 were significantly decreased. The results of 16SrRNA detection showed that compared with the DSS group, the dominant bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Prevotellaceae were increased and the diversity of gut microbiota was increased in the GLP-2 group.
Conclusions
GLP-2 reduced the degree of inflammation in UC mice, which may be achieved by inhibiting the inflammatory pathways of NF-κB and Janus Kinase (JAK) /STAT3, increasing the dominant bacteria and improving the diversity of gut microbiota.