bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast-Convergence Digital Signal Processing for Coherent PON using Digital SCM
Authors: Wang Haide , Zhou Ji , Xing Zhenping , Feng Qiguang , Zhang Kuo , Zheng Keshuang , Chen Xi , Gui Tao , Li Liangchuan , Zeng Jianrui , Yang Jinyang , Liu Weiping , Yu Changyuan , Li Zhaohui 
Published: September 2022

<p>It is foreseeable that the 100 Gb/s/λ and beyond passive optical network (PON) will be required in future optical access networks to meet the explosive growth of data traffic. The coherent optical systems could be a promising solution for the future beyond 100G PON. Coherent PON using digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) can provide flexible bandwidth allocation to a large number of access subscribers by dividing subcarriers of the DSCM signal into time slots for time-and-frequency division multiple access. When the optical network unit is allocated a new subcarrier, digital signal processing (DSP) should converge fast in the allocated time slot to ensure a low handoff latency for real-time bandwidth allocation. However, the traditional coherent DSP is hard to realize fast convergence due to blind and complex algorithms. In this paper, we design a specific training sequence (TS) structure and propose data-aided DSP to achieve fast convergence for coherent PON. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is experimentally verified in an 8 Gbaud/SC×8 SCs 400 Gb/s-net-rate coherent PON using DSCM with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. The experimental results show that fast convergence is jointly realized by the proposed TS structure and data-aided DSP using a 416-symbol TS with a 52 ns duration. The receiver sensitivity at the 20% soft-decision forward error correction limit is approximately −27 dBm and an optical power budget of about 35.5 dB is achieved with a booster amplifier.</p>
CMGAN: Conformer-Based Metric-GAN for Monaural Speech Enhancement
Authors: Abdulatif Sherif , Cao Ruizhe , Yang Bin 
Published: September 2022

<p>Convolution-augmented transformers (Conformers) are recently proposed in various speech-domain applications, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech separation, as they can capture both local and global dependencies. In this paper, we propose a conformer-based metric generative adversarial network (CMGAN) for speech enhancement (SE) in the time-frequency (TF) domain. The generator encodes the magnitude and complex spectrogram information using two-stage conformer blocks to model both time and frequency dependencies. The decoder then decouples the estimation into a magnitude mask decoder branch to filter out unwanted distortions and a complex refinement branch to further improve the magnitude estimation and implicitly enhance the phase information. Additionally, we include a metric discriminator to alleviate metric mismatch by optimizing the generator with respect to a corresponding evaluation score. Objective and subjective evaluations illustrate that CMGAN is able to show superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods in three speech enhancement tasks (denoising, dereverberation and super-resolution). For instance, quantitative denoising analysis on Voice Bank+DEMAND dataset indicates that CMGAN outperforms various previous models with a margin, i.e., PESQ of 3.41 and SSNR of 11.10 dB. </p>
Analysis and Classification of 1H-NMR Spectra by Multifractal Analysis
Authors: Kim Jongphil , Vimalajeewa Dixon , Vidakovic Brani 
Published: September 2022

<p>The objective of this research focuses on whether the variation in the amount of sulfur amino acids (SAA) intake affects the metabolic process. Traditional approaches, which evaluate specific biomarkers after a series of preprocessing procedures, have been criticized as not being fully informative as well as inappropriate for the translation of methodology. Rather than focusing on particular biomarkers, our proposed methodology involving multifractal analysis measures inhomogeneity of regularity of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) spectrum by wavelet-based multifractal spectrum. With two different statistical models (Day model (<em>Model I</em>) and Hour model (<em>Model-II</em>)), three different geometric features of the multifractal spectrum of each <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectrum (spectral mode, left slope, and broadness) are employed to evaluate the effect of SAA and discriminate <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra associated with different treatments. The investigated effects of SAA include group effect (high and low dose of SAA), depletion/repletion effect, and time over data effect. </p>
<p>The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra analysis outcomes show that the group effect is significant for all features of both models. The hourly variation in time and depletion/repletion effects do not show noticeable differences for the three features in <em>Model-I</em>. However, these two effects are significant only for the spectral mode feature in <em>Model-II</em>. The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of the SAA low groups exhibit highly regular patterns with more variability than that of the SAA high group for both models. Moreover, the discriminatory analysis conducted using the support vector machine and the principal components analysis shows that <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of the SAA high and low group can be easily discriminatory for both models, while the spectra of depletion and repletion within these groups are discriminatory for <em>Model-I</em> and <em>Model-II</em>. Therefore, the study outcomes imply that the amount of SAA is important and that the SAA intake affects mostly the hourly variation of the metabolic process and the difference between depletion and repletion each day. In conclusion, multifractal analysis of <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra can provide novel tools to investigate metabolic processes. </p>
Pengaruh current ratio, debt equity ratio dan return on equity terhadap harga saham perbankan di bursa efek indonesia Periode 2016-2020
Authors: Sayed Adriyan , Sjarlis Sylvia , Mas'ud Masdar 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh current ratio,debt to equity ratio dan return on equity terhadap harga saham pada perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2016-2020. Penelitian ini dibuat karena masih terdapat perbedaan hasil penelitian antara penelitian satu dengan penelitian lainnya, dan agar dapat di pergunakan untuk mengetahui hal-hal apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi fluktuasi harga saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan alat analisis statistik regresi linear berganda untuk menguji hipotesisnya. Variabel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah current ratio, debt to equity ratio dan return on equity terhadap harga saham. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio (X1) dan Return On Equity (X3) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan Debt Equity Ratio (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. terhadap harga saham. Namun Secara Simultan Current Ratio (X1), Debt Equity Ratio (X2), dan Return On Equity (X3) berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap harga saham Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016-2020.
This study aims to determine the effect of the current ratio, debt to equity ratio and return on equity on stock prices in banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020. This research was made because there are still differences in the results of research between one study and another, and so that it can be used to find out what things can affect stock price fluctuations. This study uses quantitative methods and uses multiple linear regression statistical analysis tools to test the hypothesis. The variables used in this study are the current ratio, debt to equity ratio and return on equity to stock prices. The type of data used in this research is secondary data. The results of this study indicate that the Current Ratio (X1) and Return On Equity (X3) partially have no significant effect on stock prices. While the Debt Equity Ratio (X2) has a positive and significant effect. to stock prices. However, Simultaneously Current Ratio (X1), Debt Equity Ratio (X2), and Return On Equity (X3) have a Positive and Significant effect on banking stock prices on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020.
Efek Lokasi, Promosi dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Rizal Faizal 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji Pengaruh Lokasi, Promosi Dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan konsumen Alfamart Dg. Tata di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survei mengambil sampel dari satu populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data yang pokok (Singarimbun, 2012). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen yang datang ke Alfamart Dg. Tata di Makassar rata-rata populasi atau konsumen yang datang untuk berbelanja menurut pihak manajemen dalam sehari sebanyak 500 orang. Mengingat jumlah populasi yang cukup banyak yakni 500 orang, maka penulis menggunakan rumus Slovin untuk menentukan jumlah sampel. Maka sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 83 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya dengan menggunakan teknik sampel aksidental (accidental sampling). Alat analisis yang digunakan ini adalah regresi linier berganda. hasil uji simultan (f) menemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel lokasi, promosi dan harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsemen Alfamart Dg.Tata Kota Makassar. Sementara Hasil uji (t) parsial menemukan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan pada variabel lokasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsemen Alfamart Dg.Tata Kota Makassar; variabel promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap terhadap Kepuasan Konsemen Alfamart Dg.Tata Kota Makassar, serta variabel harga terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap terhadap Kepuasan Konsemen Alfamart Dg.Tata Kota Makassar.
This study aims to examine the effect of location, promotion and price on consumer satisfaction of Alfamart Dg. Management in Makassar City. This study uses research taking samples from one population and using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool (Singarimbun, 2012). The population in this study were all consumers who came to Alfamart Dg. Tata in Makassar the average population or consumers who come to shop according to the management in a day as many as 500 people. Considering that the population is quite large, namely 500 people, the author uses the Slovin formula to determine the number of samples. So the sample in this study were 83 people. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. Simultaneous test results (f) found that there was a positive and significant effect between location, promotion and price variables and a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction the Alfamart Dg. Tata Makassar City. While the results of the partial (t) test found that there was a positive and significant effect on the location variable, which had a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction the Alfamart Dg. Tata Makassar City ; the variable promotion has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction the Alfamart Consensus Dg. Tata Kota Makassar, and the price variable has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction Alfamart Dg. Tata Makassar City
Investigation of Physicochemical Properties Properties and Specific Heat Capacity of Tio2 Doped- Polydimethylsiloxane Composites
Authors: EMRE Fatma Bilge 
Published: September 2022

In this study, a series TiO2-doped–polydimethylsiloxane composite (PDMS-TiO2) were synthesized at constant amount of PDMS and different amount of TiO2 particles. For this purpose, TiO2 structures were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Morphology and chemical structure of the obtained TiO2 particles were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. Prepared particles were directly dispersed in PDMS wax with melted. The obtained composite structures were examined structurally by SEM, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopy techniques. The intense peaks at 13° and 16.5° visible in the XRD spectrum confirm the desired composite structure. For the pure PDMS structure, 0,523 and 1,740 KeV was observed for O2 and Si in the EDX spectrum. Peaks at 0.452 (Ka) and 4.510 KeV (Kβ) were observed for the composite structures. Then, the thermal properties of the composite structures obtained were investigated by DSC analysis. The study of the specific heat capacity of obtained products is attained by using a DSC. Depending on the amount of doped TiO2 particles, the specific heat capacity value increased significantly in PDMS-TiO2 composite structures. Specific heat capacity study' of TiO2- polydimethylsiloxane composites is original and opened a new area about PDMS.
Survival of Terrestrial N2–O2 Atmospheres in Violent XUV Environments through Efficient Atomic Line Radiative Cooling
Authors: Nakayama Akifumi , Ikoma Masahiro , Terada Naoki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atmospheres play a crucial role in planetary habitability. Around M dwarfs and young Sun-like stars, planets receiving the same insolation as the present-day Earth are exposed to intense stellar X-rays and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. This study explores the fundamental question of whether the atmosphere of present-day Earth could survive in such harsh XUV environments. Previous theoretical studies suggest that stellar XUV irradiation is sufficiently intense to remove such atmospheres completely on short timescales. In this study, we develop a new upper-atmospheric model and re-examine the thermal and hydrodynamic responses of the thermospheric structure of an Earth-like N2–O2 atmosphere, on an Earth-mass planet, to an increase in the XUV irradiation. Our model includes the effects of radiative cooling via electronic transitions of atoms and ions, known as atomic line cooling, in addition to the processes accounted for by previous models. We demonstrate that atomic line cooling dominates over the hydrodynamic effect at XUV irradiation levels greater than several times the present level of the Earth. Consequentially, the atmosphere’s structure is kept almost hydrostatic, and its escape remains sluggish even at XUV irradiation levels up to a thousand times that of the Earth at present. Our estimates for the Jeans escape rates of N2–O2 atmospheres suggest that these 1 bar atmospheres survive in early active phases of Sun-like stars. Even around active late M dwarfs, N2–O2 atmospheres could escape significant thermal loss on timescales of gigayears. These results give new insights into the habitability of terrestrial exoplanets and the Earth’s climate history.
Contribution of Spicules to Solar Coronal Emission
Authors: Sow Mondal Shanwlee , Klimchuk James A. , Sarkar Aveek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations have generated renewed interest in spicules’ role in explaining the hot corona. Some studies suggest that some spicules, often classified as type II, may provide significant mass and energy to the corona. Here we use numerical simulations to investigate whether such spicules can produce the observed coronal emission without any additional coronal heating agent. Model spicules consisting of a cold body and hot tip are injected into the base of a warm (0.5 MK) equilibrium loop with different tip temperatures and injection velocities. Both piston- and pressure-driven shocks are produced. We find that the hot tip cools rapidly and disappears from coronal emission lines such as Fe xii 195 and Fe xiv 274. Prolonged hot emission is produced by preexisting loop material heated by the shock and by thermal conduction from the shock. However, the shapes and Doppler shifts of synthetic line profiles show significant discrepancies with observations. Furthermore, spatially and temporally averaged intensities are extremely low, suggesting that if the observed intensities from the quiet Sun and active regions were solely due to type II spicules, one to several orders of magnitude more spicules would be required than have been reported in the literature. This conclusion applies strictly to the ejected spicular material. We make no claims about emissions connected with waves or coronal currents that may be generated during the ejection process and heat the surrounding area.
MHD Simulations of Dense Core Collision
Authors: Kinoshita Shinichi W. , Nakamura Fumitaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effect of magnetic fields on the collision process between dense molecular cores. We performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of collisions between two self-gravitating cores using the Enzo adaptive mesh refinement code. The core was modeled as a stable isothermal Bonnor–Ebert (BE) sphere immersed in uniform magnetic fields. Collisions were characterized by the offset parameter b, Mach number of the initial core



, magnetic field strength B
0, and angle θ between the initial magnetic field and collision axis. For head-on (b = 0) collisions, one protostar was formed in the compressed layer. The higher the magnetic field strength, the lower the accretion rate. For models with b = 0 and θ = 90°, the accretion rate was more dependent on the initial magnetic field strength compared with b = 0 and θ = 0° models. For off-center (b = 1) collisions, the higher specific angular momentum increased; therefore, the gas motion was complicated. In models with b = 1 and


=
1

, the number of protostars and gas motion highly depended on B
0 and θ. For models with b = 1 and


=
3

, no significant shock-compressed layer was formed and star formation was not triggered.
Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds. III. Nonequilibrium Photoionization
Authors: Danehkar A. , Oey M. S. , Gray W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Observations of some starburst-driven galactic superwinds suggest that strong radiative cooling could play a key role in the nature of feedback and the formation of stars and molecular gas in star-forming galaxies. These catastrophically cooling superwinds are not adequately described by adiabatic fluid models, but they can be reproduced by incorporating nonequilibrium radiative cooling functions into the fluid model. In this work, we have employed the atomic and cooling module maihem implemented in the framework of the flash hydrodynamics code to simulate the formation of radiatively cooling superwinds as well as their corresponding nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) states for various outflow parameters, gas metallicities, and ambient densities. We employ the photoionization program cloudy to predict radiation- and density-bounded photoionization for these radiatively cooling superwinds, and we predict UV and optical line emission. Our nonequilibrium photoionization models built with the NEI states demonstrate the enhancement of C iv, especially in metal-rich, catastrophically cooling outflows, and O vi in metal-poor ones.
A Physiological Study to Evaluate Liver Function in Male and Female Patients Infected with COVID-19 Virus in Najaf City
Authors: Abbas Hanan Diekan , Kadhim Sajjad Jubair 
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 infection usually causes respiratory distress syndrome. Liver impairment has been reported, there is no clear mechanism for liver damage. Liver damage may be due to other factors, such as a viral infection or inflammations in the liver. Lack of information among the residents of the city of Najaf about the differences between males and females infected with the “Corona Virus” disease (“Covid-19”). In this study, we focus on the effects of (“COVID-19”) on liver physiology in 60 (“COVID-19”) patients (20-70 years old). Examinations, taking into account demographic information as well as clinical findings, show that the patient has liver abnormalities. The result indicated increasing of liver enzymes ALT,AST,ALP and TBiL levels on patients with covid-19 Corona Virus.Males patients had a higher risk of liver enzymes level elevation than females. ("TBiL") concentrations were highly increased when compared with control. In critical patients, severe liver cells abnormalities result from ("COVID-19"), which requires follow-up and immediate therapeutic intervention. Because of its strong relationship with the severity of the injury in ("COVID-19"), ALT,AST,ALP, and TBiL it is expected to be of great importance in the future prediction and diagnosis of infection.
Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation Effect on Reactive Oxygen Species and Placental Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Pre-eclampsia Model
Authors: Amir Arni , Darwin Eryati 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia (PE) has been associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E have beneficial function to maintain cell membrane, prevent oxidative stress, and inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of omega-3 and vitamin E supplement to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and placental Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on PE rats model.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 and vitamin E supplementation on ROS and placental VEGF.

METHODS: This research has been carried out at animal house and Biomedical Laboratory of the Medical Faculty Andalas University. The design of this research was experimental study with post-test only control group design. Thirty pregnant rats were divided into five groups. Group K-without treatment, group K+ was given L-NAME, group P1 was given L-NAME + omega-3, group P2 was given L-NAME + vitamin E, and group P3 was given L-NAME + omega-3 + vitamin E. The L-NAME dose was 50 mg/kg/day. At the 19th day of gestation, the pregnancy was terminated and the blood serum was used for examination of ROS and placental tissue was collected for examination of VEGF using ELISA kit. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc test Bonferoni.

RESULTS: The analysis results found that there were significant differences between omega-3 and vitamin E supplements on ROS levels and placental VEGF levels. Administration of omega-3 only or combination with vitamin E can effectively improve endothelial function by increasing the level of VEGF.

CONCLUSION: Omega-3 (DHA 120 mg, EPA 180 mg) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol 300 iu) supplement decreased ROS and increased placental VEGF on pre-eclampsia rats model.
New records of Trachelipus vespertilio (Budde-Lund, 1896) (Isopoda, Oniscidea) with a description of the male
Authors: Vittori Miloš 
Published: September 2022

The existing descriptions of the woodlouseTrachelipus vespertilioare based on a single female collected in Croatia in the nineteenth century. No further information on the occurrence of this species has been reported in published literature and the morphology of the male, which may offer additional reliable diagnostic characters, has remained unknown.On the basis of new material collected in Slovenia, a description of the male morphology ofT. vespertiliois provided along with a species diagnosis. The rediscovery of this woodlouse after more than a century extends its distribution range to Slovenia.