bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2015–2019
Authors: Ostrom Quinn T , Price Mackenzie , Neff Corey , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.71 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=7.02 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.69). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.62 versus 21.60 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.09 versus 22.95 per 100,000). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.1% of all malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.20 per 100,000 population. An estimated 93,470 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2022 (26,670 malignant and 66,806 non-malignant). There were 84,264 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2015 and 2019. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.41 per 100,000 population and an average of 16,853 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, while for non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.
Immediate Switching to Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes in a U.S.-Based Sample: The Impact on Cannabis Use and Related Variables at 20 Weeks
Authors: Meier Ellen , Rubin Nathan , Dermody Sarah S , Tessier Katelyn M , Hecht Stephen S , Murphy Sharon , Jensen Joni , Donny Eric C , al’Absi Mustafa , Drobes David , Koopmeiners Joe , Denlinger-Apte Rachel , Tidey Jennifer W , Vandrey Ryan , Thorne Cole , Hatsukami Dorothy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe FDA proposed rule-making to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to minimally addictive levels. Research suggests decreasing nicotine levels (i.e. very low nicotine content cigarettes [VLNCs]) produced greater quit attempts, reduced smoking, and reduced exposure to harmful constituents among smokers. The impact of long-term VLNC use among people who co-use cigarettes and cannabis on non-tobacco-specific toxicant and carcinogen exposure has not been investigated.Aims and MethodsThis study presents secondary analyses of a controlled clinical trial examining switching to VLNC (versus a normal nicotine cigarettes control group [NNCs]) between people who co-use cigarettes and cannabis (n = 174) versus smoked cigarettes (n = 555). Linear mixed-effects models compared changes in smoking behavior, and tobacco-specific (i.e. total nicotine equivalents [TNE], 4-[methylnitrosamino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanone [NNK; total NNAL]) and non-tobacco-specific (i.e. carbon monoxide (CO), 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid [CEMA], phenanthrene tetraol [PheT]) toxicant and carcinogen exposure at week 20 (with random intercept for participants). Cannabis use was measured among co-use groups.ResultsCO was significantly lower only among the cigarette-only group assigned VLNCs (interaction: p = .015). Although both VLNC groups demonstrated decreased CEMA, greater decreases emerged among the cigarette-only group (interaction: p = .016). No significant interactions emerged for TNE, cigarettes per day (CPD), NNAL, and PheT (ps &gt; .05); both VLNC groups decreased in TNE, CPD, and NNAL. Only the cigarette-only group assigned VLNCs demonstrated decreased PheT (p &lt; .001). The VLNC co-use group showed increased cannabis use over time (p = .012; 0.5 more days per week by week 20).ConclusionsThose who co-use cannabis and cigarettes may still be at risk for greater exposure to non-tobacco-specific toxicants and carcinogens compared to those who only smoke cigarettes.ImplicationsThe present study is the longest longitudinal, prospective comparison study of smoking behavior and exposure to harmful constituents among those who co-use cigarettes and cannabis versus cigarette-only after immediately switching to very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNC). Those who co-use experienced similar reductions in CPD and tobacco-specific exposure, compared to those who only use cigarettes. However, co-use groups experienced smaller reductions in non-tobacco-specific toxicants and carcinogens compared to the cigarette-only group, potentially because of combustible cannabis use. Additionally, those who co-use and switched to VLNC may be susceptible to slight increases in cannabis use (approximately two more days per year).
Culinary Tourism
Authors: Long Lucy M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Culinary tourism, also known as food tourism and gastronomic tourism, is simultaneously a scholarly field of inquiry, a niche within the tourism industry, and a human impulse to “eat out of curiosity” and try new food experiences. Two key themes emerge in the current scholarship around food and travel: developing critical frameworks for a cohesive discipline and connecting both the practice and study of culinary tourism to sustainability in the broadest sense of the word to ensure that these projects benefit us all. This chapter offers an overview of these developments, contextualizing them within larger historical events and trends. It demonstrates that culinary tourism emerged out of paradigm shifts in how we think of food and of tourism, and that these shifts then have allowed for food to become the subject of touristic imaginations. It suggests that culinary tourism has also played a significant role in encouraging those shifts and that it now offers both a field of scholarship and an activity that is of growing interest and recognition. It also observes that the historical dimensions of culinary tourism have generally been overlooked but such attention offers a productive area of cross-disciplinary engagement.
The SLC26A9 inhibitor S9‐A13 provides no evidence for a role of SLC26A9 in airway chloride secretion but suggests a contribution to regulation of ASL pH and gastric proton secretion
Authors: Jo Sungwoo , Centeio Raquel , Park Jinhong , Ousingsawat Jiraporn , Jeon Dong‐kyu , Talbi Khaoula , Schreiber Rainer , Ryu Kunhi , Kahlenberg Kristin , Somoza Veronika , Delpiano Livia , Gray Michael A. , Amaral Margarida D. , Railean Violeta , Beekman Jeffrey M. , Rodenburg Lisa W. , Namkung Wan , Kunzelmann Karl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe solute carrier 26 family member A9 (SLC26A9) is an epithelial anion transporter that is assumed to contribute to airway chloride secretion and surface hydration. Whether SLC26A9 or CFTR is responsible for airway Cl− transport under basal conditions is still unclear, due to the lack of a specific inhibitor for SLC26A9. In the present study, we report a novel potent and specific inhibitor for SLC26A9, identified by screening of a drug‐like molecule library and subsequent chemical modifications. The most potent compound S9‐A13 inhibited SLC26A9 with an IC50 of 90.9 ± 13.4 nM. S9‐A13 did not inhibit other members of the SLC26 family and had no effects on Cl− channels such as CFTR, TMEM16A, or VRAC. S9‐A13 inhibited SLC26A9 Cl− currents in cells that lack expression of CFTR. It also inhibited proton secretion by HGT‐1 human gastric cells. In contrast, S9‐A13 had minimal effects on ion transport in human airway epithelia and mouse trachea, despite clear expression of SLC26A9 in the apical membrane of ciliated cells. In both tissues, basal and stimulated Cl− secretion was due to CFTR, while acidification of airway surface liquid by S9‐A13 suggests a role of SLC26A9 for airway bicarbonate secretion.
Galangin inhibited ferroptosis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Ke , Xue Ran , Geng Yaping , Zhang Shenshen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron‐dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides in cells. In recent years, extensive attention has been dedicated to exploring safe and effective natural ferroptosis regulators which can provide novel treatment strategies for ferroptosis‐related diseases. This study identified galangin, a natural flavonoid, as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis, which could increase cell viability in RSL3‐inhibited HT1080 cells, decrease levels of lipid ROS and MDA, improve PTGS2 mRNA expression, and enhance the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Ferroptosis is widely present in ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. This study found that galangin significantly ameliorated the pathological damage of liver tissue in mice with IR, reduced levels of serum ALT, AST, and MDA, and increased the expression of GPX4. The results of RNA‐seq exhibited ferroptosis was significant and the PI3K/AKT pathway deserved to explore the inhibition effects of galangin on ferroptosis. Indeed, galangin treatment significantly rescued RSL3‐inhibited phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and CREB proteins, and the ferroptosis inhibitory effects of galangin were counteracted by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. These findings indicated that galangin may exert its anti‐ferroptosis effects via activating the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway and it will hopefully serve as a promising effective measure to attenuate IR injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Development of fluorescent peptide G protein‐coupled receptor activation biosensors for NanoBRET characterization of intracellular allosteric modulators
Authors: Farmer James P. , Mistry Shailesh N. , Laughton Charles A. , Holliday Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely therapeutically targeted, and recent advances in allosteric modulator development at these receptors offer further potential for exploitation. Intracellular allosteric modulators (IAM) represent a class of ligands that bind to the receptor–effector interface (e.g., G protein) and inhibit agonist responses noncompetitively. This potentially offers greater selectivity between receptor subtypes compared to classical orthosteric ligands. However, while examples of IAM ligands are well described, a more general methodology for assessing compound interactions at the IAM site is lacking. Here, fluorescent labeled peptides based on the Gα peptide C terminus are developed as novel binding and activation biosensors for the GPCR‐IAM site. In TR‐FRET binding studies, unlabeled peptides derived from the Gαs subunit were first characterized for their ability to positively modulate agonist affinity at the β2‐adrenoceptor. On this basis, a tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled tracer was synthesized based on the 19 amino acid Gαs peptide (TMR‐Gαs19cha18, where cha = cyclohexylalanine). Using NanoBRET technology to detect binding, TMR‐Gαs19cha18 was recruited to Gs coupled β2‐adrenoceptor and EP2 receptors in an agonist‐dependent manner, but not the Gi‐coupled CXCR2 receptor. Moreover, NanoBRET competition binding assays using TMR‐Gαs19cha18 enabled direct assessment of the affinity of unlabeled ligands for β2‐adrenoceptor IAM site. Thus, the NanoBRET platform using fluorescent‐labeled G protein peptide mimetics offers novel potential for medium‐throughput screens to identify IAMs, applicable across GPCRs coupled to a G protein class. Using the same platform, Gs peptide biosensors also represent useful tools to probe orthosteric agonist efficacy and the dynamics of receptor activation.
PLIS: A metabolomic response monitor to a lifestyle intervention study in older adults
Authors: Bogaards Fatih A. , Gehrmann Thies , Beekman Marian , van den Akker Erik Ben , van de Rest Ondine , Hangelbroek Roland W. J. , Noordam Raymond , Mooijaart Simon P. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Slagboom P. Eline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe response to lifestyle intervention studies is often heterogeneous, especially in older adults. Subtle responses that may represent a health gain for individuals are not always detected by classical health variables, stressing the need for novel biomarkers that detect intermediate changes in metabolic, inflammatory, and immunity‐related health. Here, our aim was to develop and validate a molecular multivariate biomarker maximally sensitive to the individual effect of a lifestyle intervention; the Personalized Lifestyle Intervention Status (PLIS). We used 1H‐NMR fasting blood metabolite measurements from before and after the 13‐week combined physical and nutritional Growing Old TOgether (GOTO) lifestyle intervention study in combination with a fivefold cross‐validation and a bootstrapping method to train a separate PLIS score for men and women. The PLIS scores consisted of 14 and four metabolites for females and males, respectively. Performance of the PLIS score in tracking health gain was illustrated by association of the sex‐specific PLIS scores with several classical metabolic health markers, such as BMI, trunk fat%, fasting HDL cholesterol, and fasting insulin, the primary outcome of the GOTO study. We also showed that the baseline PLIS score indicated which participants respond positively to the intervention. Finally, we explored PLIS in an independent physical activity lifestyle intervention study, showing similar, albeit remarkably weaker, associations of PLIS with classical metabolic health markers. To conclude, we found that the sex‐specific PLIS score was able to track the individual short‐term metabolic health gain of the GOTO lifestyle intervention study. The methodology used to train the PLIS score potentially provides a useful instrument to track personal responses and predict the participant's health benefit in lifestyle interventions similar to the GOTO study.
Resolution of inflammation via RvD1/FPR2 signaling mitigates Nox2 activation and ferroptosis of macrophages in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Filiberto Amanda C. , Ladd Zachary , Leroy Victoria , Su Gang , Elder Craig T. , Pruitt Eric Y. , Hensley Sara E. , Lu Guanyi , Hartman Joseph B. , Zarrinpar Ali , Sharma Ashish K. , Upchurch Gilbert R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular remodeling. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is derived from ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and is involved in the resolution phase of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to decipher the protective role of RvD1 via formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptor signaling in attenuating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The elastase‐treatment model of AAA in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and human AAA tissue was used to confirm our hypotheses. Elastase‐treated FPR2−/− mice had a significant increase in aortic diameter, proinflammatory cytokine production, immune cell infiltration (macrophages and neutrophils), elastic fiber disruption, and decrease in smooth muscle cell α‐actin expression compared to elastase‐treated WT mice. RvD1 treatment attenuated AAA formation, aortic inflammation, and vascular remodeling in WT mice, but not in FPR2−/− mice. Importantly, human AAA tissue demonstrated significantly decreased FPR2 mRNA expression compared to non‐aneurysm human aortas. Mechanistically, RvD1/FPR2 signaling mitigated p47phox phosphorylation and prevented hallmarks of ferroptosis, such as lipid peroxidation and Nrf2 translocation, thereby attenuating HMGB1 secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrates RvD1‐mediated immunomodulation of FPR2 signaling on macrophages to mitigate ferroptosis and HMGB1 release, leading to resolution of aortic inflammation and remodeling during AAA pathogenesis.
Screening for Social Risk Factors in the ICU During the Pandemic
Authors: Ge Derek , Weber Alec M. , Vatson Jayanth , Andrews Tracy , Levytska Natalia , Shu Carol , Hussain Sabiha 
Published: October 2022

IMPORTANCE:
Due to limitations in data collected through electronic health records, the social risk factors (SRFs) that predate severe illness and restrict access to critical care services are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES:
This study explored the feasibility and utility of directly eliciting SRFs in the ICU by implementing a screening program.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
Five hundred sixty-six critically ill patients at the medical ICU of Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital from July 1, 2019, to September 31, 2021, were interviewed for SRFs using an adapted version of the American Academy of Family Physicians’ Social Needs Screening Tool.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
For each SRFs, we compared basic demographic factors, proxies of socioeconomic status, and severity score between those with and without the SRFs through chi-square tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Furthermore, we determined the prevalence of SRFs overall, before, and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS:
Of critically ill patients, 39.58% reported at least one SRF. Age, zip-code matched median household income, and insurance type differed depending on the SRFs. Notably, patients with SRFs were admitted with a lower average severity score, indicating reduced risk in mortality. Since March 2020, the prevalence of SRFs in the ICU overall fell from 54.47% to 35.44%. Conversely, the proportion of patients unable to afford healthcare increased statistically significantly from 7.32% to 18.06%.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Screening for SRFs in the ICU detected the presence of disproportionally low-risk patients whose access to critical care services became restricted throughout the pandemic.
Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Associated With Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Hui Hai-zhen , Guo Hong-xing , Wang Ying-jun , Shi Bing-jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The combination of paraneoplastic pemphigus and prostate cancer is extremely unusual and has not been reported yet. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is caused by tumor-induced autoantibodies, which cause damage to the skin and mucosa. The essential treatment is active tumor control. Our patient received a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and glucocorticoid therapy to improve his condition and relieve his skin lesions.
Two Cases of Insulin-Derived Amyloidosis With Acanthosis Nigricans-Like Changes
Authors: Godse Rama , Rauck Corinne , Woods Rachel , Steele Katherine T. , Elenitsas Rosalie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Insulin-derived amyloidosis (AIns) is a rare iatrogenic subtype of cutaneous amyloidosis occurring at frequent insulin injection sites. Here, we describe 2 cases of AIns accompanied by acanthosis nigricans (AN)-like changes, a rare finding which has been reported fewer than 5 times in the literature. We also report the first case of an AIns nodule being misdiagnosed as a keloid. Both of our patients presented with asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, pigmented plaques at frequent insulin injection sites, and histopathologic examination showed (1) nodular aggregates of amyloid demonstrating apple-green birefringence with Congo red staining and (2) AN-like features, such as epidermal papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, and hyperpigmentation. Accurate diagnosis of AIns is crucial, because repeated insulin injection into a nodule can impair glycemic control. However, misdiagnosis is common, as observed with our second patient, whose AIns nodule was misdiagnosed by an outside provider as a keloid, perhaps because of the presence of AN-like features. Our case report adds to the limited but growing body of literature on AIns and significantly increases the number of reported cases of AIns with AN-like features, an even rarer phenomenon.
Glaucoma in Patients With Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Saini Chhavi , Davies Emma C. , Chodosh James , Shen Lucy Q. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Endothelial keratoplasty (EK), including Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, is now the most performed corneal transplant procedure in the United States. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and glaucoma are common complications and can cause irreversible vision loss and corneal graft failure. This review will cover the incidence, risk factors, and management of glaucoma and IOP elevation after EK. Higher preoperative IOP, preoperative glaucoma, and certain indications for EK, such as bullous keratopathy, are associated with increased risk of glaucoma and glaucoma progression in patients undergoing EK. In addition, we summarize the studies assessing graft outcomes in EK patients with glaucoma or glaucoma surgery. Finally, we provide future directions to improve clinical care in EK patients with glaucoma.
Training of Non-expert Users Using Remotely Delivered, Point-of-Care Tele-Ultrasound
Authors: Grubic Nicholas , Belliveau Daniel J. , Herr Julia E. , Nihal Salwa , Wong Sheung Wing Sherwin , Lam Jeffrey , Gauthier Stephen , Montague Steven J. , Durbin Joshua , Mulvagh Sharon L. , Johri Amer M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many physicians, particularly those practicing in remote regions, lack training opportunities to develop point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) skills. This pretest-posttest study quantified the skill improvement of learners after participating in a virtual training program that used real-time, remotely delivered point-of-care tele-ultrasound (tele-POCUS) for teaching and learner feedback provision. Ten physicians practicing in an urban tertiary (Kingston, Ontario, Canada, n = 6) or remote care center (Moose Factory, Ontario, Canada, n = 4) completed a 3-week educational program that consisted of e-learning module review, independent image acquisition practice, and expert-guided tele-POCUS consultations. Pretraining and posttraining assessments were performed to evaluate skill enhancement in image acquisition, image quality, and image interpretation for cardiac and lung/pleura POCUS using a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 76 tele-POCUS consultations were performed during the study period. Significant improvements in image quality were noted following remotely delivered mentorship and guidance (all P < 0.01). In cardiac POCUS, pretraining and posttraining comparisons noted significant improvements in image acquisition (means, 2.69–4.33; P < 0.02), quality (means, 2.40–4.03; P < 0.01), and interpretation (means, 2.50–4.40; P < 0.02). In lung/pleura POCUS, significant improvements in image acquisition (means, 3.00–4.43; P < 0.01), quality (means, 3.23–4.37; P < 0.01), and interpretation (means, 3.00–4.40; P < 0.01) were demonstrated. Introductory ultrasound can be taught to novice users using a virtual, live-streamed training format with tele-POCUS while demonstrating significant enhancement in imaging skills.