bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic Symptoms Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Chronic Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Cui Dan , Wang Yeming , Huang Lixue , Gu Xiaoying , Huang Zhisheng , Mu Shengrui , Wang Chen , Cao Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Detailed characteristics of rheumatic symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were still unknown. We aim to investigate the proportions, characteristics, and risk factors of this condition.

Methods
In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, discharged patients with COVID-19 were interviewed face-to-face at 12 months after symptom onset. Rheumatic symptoms following COVID-19 included newly occurring joint pain and/or joint swelling. The risk factors of developing rheumatic symptoms were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
In total, 1296 of 2469 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 160 (12.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.6%–14.3%]) suffered from rheumatic symptoms following COVID-19 at 12-month follow-up. The most frequently involved joints were the knee joints (38%), followed by hand (25%) and shoulder (19%). Rheumatic symptoms were independent of the severity of illness and corticosteroid treatment during the acute phase, while elderly age (odds ratio [OR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.06–1.40]) and female sex (OR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12–2.23]) were identified as the risk factors for this condition.

Conclusions
Our investigation showed a considerable proportion of rheumatic symptoms following COVID-19 in discharged patients, which highlights the need for continuing attention. Notably, rheumatic symptoms following COVID-19 were independent of the severity of illness and corticosteroid treatment during the acute phase.
No apparent trade-off between the quality of nest-grown feathers and time spent in the nest in an aerial insectivore, the Tree Swallow
Authors: Taff Conor C , Johnson Brianna A , Anker Allison T , Rodriguez Alyssa M , Houtz Jennifer L , Uehling Jennifer J , Vitousek Maren N 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLife history theory provides a framework for understanding how trade-offs generate negative trait associations. Among nestling birds, time spent in the nest, risk of predation, and lifespan covary, but some associations are only found within species while others are only observed between species. A recent comparative study suggests that allocation trade-offs may be alleviated by disinvestment in ephemeral traits, such as nest-grown feathers, that are quickly replaced. However, direct resource allocation trade-offs cannot be inferred from interspecific trait associations without complementary intraspecific studies. Here, we asked whether there is evidence for a within-species allocation trade-off between feather quality and time spent in the nest in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Consistent with the idea that ephemeral traits are deprioritized, nest-grown feathers had lower barb density than adult feathers. However, despite substantial variation in fledging age among nestlings, there was no evidence for a negative association between time in the nest and feather quality. Furthermore, accounting for differences in resource availability by considering provisioning rate and a nest predation treatment did not reveal a trade-off that was masked by variation in resources. Our results are most consistent with the idea that the interspecific association between development and feather quality arises from adaptive specialization, rather than from a direct allocation trade-off.
Acupuncture Therapy as an Evidence-Based Nonpharmacologic Strategy for Comprehensive Acute Pain Care: The Academic Consortium Pain Task Force White Paper Update
Authors: Nielsen Arya , Dusek Jeffery A , Taylor-Swanson Lisa , Tick Heather 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA crisis in pain management persists, as does the epidemic of opioid overdose deaths, addiction, and diversion. Pain medicine is meeting these challenges by returning to its origins: the Bonica model of multidisciplinary pain care. The 2018 Academic Consortium White Paper detailed the historical context and magnitude of the pain crisis and the evidence base for nonpharmacologic strategies. More than 50% of chronic opioid use begins in the acute pain care setting. Acupuncture may be able to reduce this risk.ObjectiveThis article updates the evidence base for acupuncture therapy for acute pain with a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on postsurgical/perioperative pain with opioid sparing and acute nonsurgical/trauma pain, including acute pain in the emergency department.MethodsTo update reviews cited in the 2018 White Paper, electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for “acupuncture” and “acupuncture therapy” and “acute pain,” “surgery,” “peri-operative,” “trauma,” “emergency department,” “urgent care,” “review(s) ,” “systematic review,” “meta-analysis,” with additional manual review of titles, links, and reference lists.ResultsThere are 22 systematic reviews, 17 with meta-analyses of acupuncture in acute pain settings, and a review for acute pain in the intensive care unit. There are additional studies of acupuncture in acute pain settings.ConclusionThe majority of reviews found acupuncture therapy to be an efficacious strategy for acute pain, with potential to avoid or reduce opioid reliance. Future multicenter trials are needed to clarify the dosage and generalizability of acupuncture for acute pain in the emergency department. With an extremely low risk profile, acupuncture therapy is an important strategy in comprehensive acute pain care.
Development of circadian rest-activity rhythms during the first year of life in a racially diverse cohort
Authors: Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M , Bai Jiawei , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E , Wolfson Amy R , Spira Adam P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To describe the development of circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs) during infancy in a racially diverse cohort.

Methods
We studied 414 infants from the Nurture birth cohort (51.2% female, 65.2% Black) who wore actigraphs on their left ankles for 4 days and nights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We quantified CRARs using cosinor and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis, and investigated change in CRARs over time, comparing 6, 9, and 12 months to CRARs at 3 months. We adjusted for baseline and time-varying covariates and used function-on-scalar regression (FOSR) to identify the specific times of day at which activity changes occurred.

Results
Across the first year, daily mean and peak activity levels and day-to-day activity level regularity increased, and activity level fragmentation and nighttime activity decreased. Only at 9 months, compared to at 3 months, did timing of peak activity levels and the most active periods shift later, while timing of least active periods shifted earlier. FOSR analyses showed that mean activity levels decreased during nighttime hours and increased during daytime hours, with the most pronounced changes at 9 months.

Conclusions
Among racially diverse infants, CRARs became more robust, stable, and less fragmented over time. Findings suggest the greatest change from 3-month CRARs occurs at 9 months, which may be a key period of CRAR development. This and future research will contribute to our understanding of normative infant CRAR development in diverse populations and enable us to identify infants who may benefit from intervention.
Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Bacillus siamensis YJ15 and Their Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Chunwei , Duan Tiankun , Shi Luxin , Zhang Xiqian , Fan Weixin , Wang Meiqin , Wang Jianming , Ren Lu , Zhao Xiaojun , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

To develop an effective and environmentally safe strategy to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, Bacillus siamensis strain YJ15 isolated from blueberry was used to test the biocontrol potential. It is interesting to find that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from strain YJ15 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea as well as 11 other plant-pathogenic fungi, with a percentage of mycelial growth inhibition from 74.96 to 92.81%. Additionally, VOCs from strain YJ15 could reduce significantly the disease incidence and lesion diameter with the increasing of fermentation time, indicating great biocontrol potential for controlling blueberry postharvest gray mold. Furthermore, the VOCs were collected by using headspace solid-phase microextraction fiber, and the composition of VOCs was further revealed by using gas chromatography coupled with quadruple mass spectrometry. In total, 24 kinds of VOCs, including 5 alkanes, 2 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 5 alcohols, 1 alkene, 5 acids and esters, 2 aromatic compounds, and 1 sulfur compound, were emitted at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after inoculation. Among these VOCs, eight antifungal VOCs could inhibit mycelial growth of B. cinerea. It is important to highlight that, although 1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the most abundant compounds, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1,3-xylene have proved to be more toxic to B. cinerea than 3-methyl-1-butanol, propanethioic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-heptanone, and 1-butanol, which provide new, promising biofumigants for the control of postharvest gray mold caused by B. cinerea.
Effective Use of Extended Dwell Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Neonatal Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Marchetti Jessica M. , Blaine Tricia , Shelly Colleen E. , Cherkerzian Sara , Hanley Nina , Murphy Lindsey , Gregory Katherine E. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Implementing innovative approaches to vascular access can be challenging in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU).

Purpose:
The purpose of this project was to describe the implementation of extended dwell peripheral intravenous (EPIV) catheters, a vascular access device not widely used in the NICU. The implementation involved (1) designing clinical criteria for EPIV catheter use, (2) education of vascular access NICU nurses, and (3) comparing clinical outcomes between vascular access devices (ie, PIV and EPIV catheters).

Methods:
We developed evidence-based clinical criteria guiding the use of vascular access devices. We then developed an educational plan for NICU nurses focused on vascular access. Finally, we collected and compared demographic characteristics and clinical data on catheter type and placement attempts, dwell time, and clinical complications associated with each catheter.

Results:
EPIV catheters were implemented according to evidence-based criteria by a vascular access NICU nursing team. Fifteen percent of PIV catheter placements required 3 or more attempts compared with just 1% of EPIV catheter placement attempts. EPIV catheters had a longer median dwell time (3.5 vs 1 day) and fewer complications than PIV catheters (P < .001).

Implications for Practice and Research:
Implementation of an evidence-based approach to vascular access by a team of NICU nurses may improve clinical outcomes. EPIV catheters may be an appropriate alternative device to PIV catheters due to fewer placement attempts, longer dwell times, and overall fewer complications during use. Future vascular access research in the NICU may include a greater focus on innovative placement strategies, optimal maintenance and infection control, and prevention of complications.
Short-Segment Pedicle Fixation of Traumatic Low Lumbar Fractures (L3–L5)
Authors: Moawad Christina M. , Arzi Harel , Naik Anant , Bashir Rashid , Arnold Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design:
Prospective review.

Objective:
The aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of short-segment pedicle fixation of low lumbar fractures (L3–L5).

Background:
Low lumbar fractures are relatively uncommon, and limited data exists regarding the management of these injuries. No previous studies have specifically examined the surgical management of L3–L5 fractures exclusively with pedicle fixation.

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed prospectively collected data of 36 patients who underwent short-segment pedicle fixation for low lumbar fractures at our institution between 1993 and 2018.

Results:
There was no worsening of neurological status following surgery, and three patients regained motor or sphincter function. Thirty-one (86.1%) patients went on to successful fusion. Three (8%) patients required reoperation. Four (11%) patients had surgical complications.

Conclusions:
This large series provides information regarding the safety and efficacy of surgical management of low lumbar fractures with pedicle fixation. Following surgery, there was no neurological worsening and some patients regained neurological function. Low complication rates, low reoperation rates, and low pain levels at final follow-up provide evidence that the surgical management of low lumbar fractures utilizing short-segment pedicle fixation is safe and efficacious.
Two polymorphic gene loci associated with treprostinil dose in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Thomeas-McEwing Vasiliki , Psotka Mitchell A. , Gamazon Eric R. , Friedman Paula , Konkashbaev Anuar , Kubo Michiaki , Nakamura Yusuke , Ratain Mark J. , Benza Raymond L. , Cox Nancy J. , Gomberg-Maitland Mardi I. , Maitland Michael L. 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Prostacyclin infusion for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an effective therapy with varied dosing requirements and clinical response. The major aim of this study was to determine new biologically-based predictors of prostacyclin treatment response heterogeneity.

Methods
Ninety-eight patients with hemodynamically defined PAH at two academic medical centers volunteered for registry studies. A stable dose of treprostinil was the quantitative phenotype for the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Candidate genes with the largest effect sizes and strongest statistical associations were further characterized with in silico and in-vitro assays to confirm mechanistic hypotheses. The clinical significance of these candidate predictors was assessed for mechanistically consistent physiologic effects in an independent cohort of patients.

Results
GWAS identified three loci for association with P < 10-6. All three loci had clinically significant effect sizes. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at two of the loci: rs11078738 in phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase and rs10023113 in CAMK2D encoded sequence changes with clear predicted consequences. Production of the primary mediator of prostacyclin-induced vasodilation, cyclic AMP, was reduced in human cell lines by the missense variant rs11078738 (p.L621P). Located in the promoter of CAMK2D, the allele of rs10023113 associated with a higher treprostinil dose has higher ventricular transcription of CAMK2δ. At initial diagnostic catheterization in a separate cohort of patients, the same allele of rs10023113 was associated with elevated right mean atrial and ventricular diastolic pressures.

Conclusions
The quantitative phenotype of stable treprostinil dose identified two gene loci associated with pharmacodynamic response and right ventricular function in PAH worth further investigation.
An Audit to Evaluate Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Alrahahleh Dua'a , Xu Sophia , Zhu Zhaowen , Toufaili Hassan , Luig Melissa , Kim Hannah Yejin , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely used for optimization of vancomycin therapy, because of exposure-related efficacy and toxicity, in addition to significant variability in pharmacokinetics, which leads to unpredictable drug exposure.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate target attainment and TDM of vancomycin in neonates.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective study and collected data from medical records of all neonates who received vancomycin therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2019 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the proportion of vancomycin courses that reached target trough concentrations of 10–20 mg/L based on appropriate TDM samples collection. Secondary outcomes included proportion of courses with appropriate dose and dose frequency, and proportion of patients who achieved target concentrations after the first dose adjustment.

Results:
In total, 69 patients were included, with 129 vancomycin courses. The median initial vancomycin trough concentration was 12 (range: 4–36) mg/L. The target trough concentration was achieved in 75% of courses after the initial dose with appropriate TDM, and 84% of courses after TDM-guided dose adjustments. Patients were dosed appropriately in 121/129 courses and TDM was performed correctly according to protocol in 51/93 courses. A dose adjustment was performed in 18/29 courses, to increase target attainment.

Conclusions:
This study showed that there is a need for an increase in dose to improve target attainment. There is also a need to explore more effective TDM strategies to increase the proportion of neonatal patients attaining vancomycin target trough concentrations.
Heart Rate Response to Exercise and Recovery
Authors: Tabachnikov Vsevolod , Saliba Walid , Aker Amir , Zafrir Barak 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Heart rate response during exercise testing (ET) provides valuable prognostic information. Limited data are available regarding the prognostic interplay of heart rate (HR) measured at rest, exercise and recovery phases of ET, and its ability to predict risk beyond exercise capacity.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of treadmill ETs was performed by the Bruce protocol in patients aged 35-75 yr without known cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 13 887; 47% women). Heart rate recovery at 2 min (HRR2; defined abnormal <42 beats) and chronotropic index (CI; defined abnormal <80%, determined as age-predicted HR reserve) were analyzed in association with the risk of developing myocardial infarction, stroke, or death (major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]) during median follow-up of 6.5 yr.

Results:
The HRR2 <42 beats and CI <80% were each associated with increased risk of MACE: adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval 1.47: 1.27-1.72 and 1.66: 1.42-1.93, P < .001, respectively, evident also when analyzed as continuous variables. Strength of association of HRR2 and CI with outcome was attenuated but remained significant with further adjustment for exercise duration and metabolic equivalents. Having both HRR2 and CI abnormal compared with only one measure abnormal was associated with hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval of 1.66: 1.38-2.00 and 1.48: 1.22-1.79 for MACE, before and after adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The degree of CRF (low vs mid/high) did not modify the prognostic effect of HRR2 and CI (P-for-interaction nonsignificant).

Conclusions:
Both HRR2 and CI provide independent prognostic information beyond CRF in patients without CVD referred for ET. The predictive ability is more pronounced when both abnormal HR measures coexist.
Early Cardiac Rehabilitation to Reduce Heart Failure Readmissions
Authors: Gerow Renee , Altice Nancy , Wu Yingxing , Muthukattil Ronex , Carter Kimberly F. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This research was conducted to determine whether early participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces readmissions following heart failure (HF) hospitalization.

Methods:
A retrospective quasiexperimental comparison group design was used. Electronic medical records were abstracted for HF patients discharged between March 2013 and December 2017. The treatment group was defined as patients with HF who attended ≥1 CR session within 6 wk following discharge. The comparison group was defined as patients with HF without additional HF hospitalizations during the previous year, discharged to home/self-care, and did not attend CR within 6 wk. Readmission rates at 30 d and 6 wk were compared between groups using χ2 analysis and logistic regression.

Results:
Out of 8613 patients with HF, 205 (2.4%) attended ≥1 CR within 6 wk post-discharge. The treatment group had lower, but not statistically significant, readmission rates than the comparison group for 30-d readmissions for HF (P = .13), and 6-wk readmission rates for HF (P = .05). The treatment group had lower all-cause readmissions at 30 d (P < .01) and 6 wk (P < .01) than the comparison group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that early CR attendance was associated with reduced 30-d all-cause readmissions (adjusted OR = 0.4: 95% CI, 0.2-0.7) and 6-wk all-cause readmissions (adjusted OR = 0.5: 95% CI, 0.3-0.8).

Conclusions:
This study contributes to the existing evidence for allowing early unrestricted CR participation with the aim of improving the health of patients with HF and reducing rehospitalization rates.
Oxalic acid in ginger specifically denatures the acrid raphides in the unprocessed dried tuber of Pinellia ternata
Authors: Fueki Tsukasa , Nose Itsuki , Liu Yan , Tanaka Koichiro , Namiki Takao , Makino Toshiaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Pinellia Tuber, the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata, is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese medicines. The unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx mucosa. Recent studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides, that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins, are the main causative substances of the irritation. Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century, however, the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved yet.

Methods:
We developed the raphides denaturation assay (RDA) to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause irritation. By their lipophilic characters, the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether (PE) layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water, and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the absorbance. By this assay, we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the raphides. We also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured raphides.

Results:
The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia Tuber. Oxalic acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-, time-, and concentration-dependent manners, and its activity was affected by pH. The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in human.

Conclusions:
We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinellia Tuber.