bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on energy management strategy of photovoltaic–battery energy storage system
Authors: Wang Zheng , Xiao Yanli , Wan Ye , Liu Ke , Wang Xiyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Photovoltaics have the advantages of being clean and renewable and have gained a wide range of applications. It is promising to use photovoltaic energy for the power supply of buildings, as the building sector accounts for a large portion of global energy consumption with a constantly increasing trend. However, photovoltaics are greatly affected by time and environment, and it is usually combined with batteries to form a photovoltaic–battery energy storage system to meet the load demand. This paper aims to analyze and compare energy management strategies of an on-grid solar photovoltaic–battery system for a real building project in a typical May and October region, but unlike other studies, the strategies used in this paper are very simple and easy to implement. It can also realize photovoltaic, battery and grid to meet the load power demand. Two strategies are used in this paper. Strategy 1 is to maximize the utilization of the energy generated by photovoltaics: while the energy generated by photovoltaics cannot meet the load demand, the battery will provide energy, and while the battery cannot meet the load demand, the grid will provide energy. The photovoltaic energy is given priority to the battery under the premise of meeting the load demand. Strategy 2 is to use the time-of-use electricity price, and the battery obtains cheap electricity at night to meet the load of the high electricity price the next day. The feasibility of the strategy used is demonstrated by actual data of buildings and photovoltaic–battery energy storage systems. This study can provide theoretical references for the energy management and system operation to facility managers and building occupants.
A21 OVEREXPRESSION OF ASCL2 ALTERS DIFFERENTIATION IN ESOPHAGEAL ORGANOIDS
Authors: Hamilton M , Jean D , Boudreau F , Giroux V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The first population of stem cells in the esophageal epithelium was recently identified with the marker Keratin 15 ( Krt15). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the expansion and the function of these stem cells. It was shown that the transcription factor ASCL2 is upregulated in Krt15+ cells compared to Krt15- cells. Interestingly, ASCL2 is a gene target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which acts as a regulator of proliferation and maintenance of the stemness state. The ultimate goal of my research project is to determine the role of ASCL2 in the maintenance of esophageal stem cells and to identify its binding partners.

Aims
Investigate the role of ASCL2 in esophageal epithelial biology.

Methods
Lentiviral infection approach was used to obtain mouse esophageal organoids overexpressing ASCL2. Organoid culture, immunostaining (such as IF and H&E), qPCR, WB and proliferation assay were used to characterize the effect of ASCL2 overexpression on morphology, differentiation, proliferation, self-renewal and gene expression.

Results
First, ASCL2 overexpression was confirmed by WB. Interestingly, the morphology of organoid overexpressing ASCL2 was severely altered: organoids were smaller and less differentiated. Defect in differentiation was investigated by qPCR and IF using relevant markers such as p63, Krt13, Wnt5a and NT5E. Indeed, we observed an increase in basal marker ( p63), a decrease in suprabasal markers ( Krt13, Wnt5a) and in a stem cell marker ( NT5E). We also investigated the role of ASCL2 in self-renewal and observed that organoid formation capacity was reduced in ASCL2-overexpressing organoids. Furthermore, proliferation was also reduced in WST-1 assays. We also observed lower expression of the gene Top2a, a recently identified marker of the proliferative basal cell population in the human esophagus. Finally, we observed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with quiescent stem cells (Clu, ZFP36L2 and Anxa1).

Conclusions
ASCL2 overexpression alters differentiation and proliferation in organoids. ASCL2 could play a role in orchestrating cell fate decision in the esophageal epithelium.

Funding Agencies
NSERC, Canada Research Chair
A50 IMPACT OF SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON PATHOGENICTY OF COMMENSAL BACTERIA IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: Bording-Jorgensen M , Gartke T , Armstrong H , Wine E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Dietary fibers are fermented by microbiota into many different compounds including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The gut microenvironment is essential not only for human health but also in maintaining a rich biodiversity of bacterial species. It is well known that the microbiome is altered in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), which likely changes the microenvironment and has other health effects on individuals with IBD. Pathobionts are organisms that can induce pathology under specific conditions, and several have already been associated with IBD, such as adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and Helicobacter hepaticus. Although these bacteria have been associated with IBD, it is still largely unknown what conditions make these bacteria become pathogenic.

Aims
Determine the role of SCFA composition on the pathogenic potential of commensal bacteria isolated from non-IBD and IBD pediatric patients.

Methods
Anaerobic bacteria were isolated during colonoscopy from pediatric IBD and non-IBD patients and identified using 16S sequencing. PMA-activated human monocytes (THP-1) and colonic epithelial cells (Caco2) were grown in the presence of SCFA (acetate, butyrate, formate, propionate, and succinate). The ability of commensal bacteria ( Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium innocuum, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides merdae, Bifidobacterium infantis and E. coli HB101) and the pathobiont AIEC to invade cells was assessed using a gentamicin protection assay. Immune activation was quantified with IL-1b and IL-6 by ELISA, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFDHA.

Results
The SCFA propionate and formate significantly decreased invasion for HB101 and LF82 into macrophages but not epithelial cells. Bacteria isolated from an IBD environment had a higher invasion potential independent of the addition of SCFA, compared to bacteria from a non-IBD environment. However, butyrate was found to significantly increase invasion of non-IBD B. fragilis into Caco2 cells but not macrophages. Bacteria isolated from IBD patients tended to have a higher inflammatory response with both elevated IL-1b as well as ROS production.

Conclusions
Microenvironment changes, such as in SCFA concentrations, during a disease state can affect the host response to microbes including commensals. Commensal bacteria from IBD patients tend to be more proinflammatory, suggesting that they play a role in driving inflammation. SCFA are beneficial factors for gut health; however, what is still unknown is the interaction between microbes and the host after microenvironmental shifts that likely causes bacterial stress. Understanding the host-microbe interactions and the role diet can have on this dynamic relationship has the potential for discovering new therapeutic options for those suffering from IBD.

Funding Agencies
CIHRWeston Family Foundation
A57 ULCERATIVE COLITIS DISEASE ACTIVITY IS DOMINATED BY INNATE IMMUNITY AND FEATURES OF TISSUE REMODELING
Authors: Madill-Thomsen K , Venner J , Pon S , Kroeker K , Peerani F , Dieleman L A , Wong K , Baugmart D C , Halloran P , Halloran B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colonic epithelium, with potential roles for the inflammasome, complement activation, T cells, and the microbiome in pathogenesis. We applied an established method of microarray-based gene expression analysis to a set of 128 UC biopsies (from 113 patients), to elucidate the molecular changes associated with active UC.

Aims
Our aim was to describe the molecules most associated with UC disease activity (the endoscopic Mayo score) and to annotate these molecules into biological processes.

Methods
128 UC colonic biopsies were collected at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) and Cedars-Sinai Hospital (Los Angeles, California) during standard of care colonoscopy. Biopsies were processed using Affymetrix microarrays. Gene expression data from the population was visualized using volcano plots (showing fold change and association between genes and endoscopic Mayo score), and heatmaps (showing expression of the top 30 genes in a previously established cell panel). Overexpression of top genes was analyzed using Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways.

Results
The volcano plot (Figure 1A) showed strong associations between the endoscopic Mayo score and components of innate immunity, e.g. complement factor B (CFB), C1-inhibitor (also known as SERPING1), chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and inflammasome genes (ZBP1 and PIM2). Moderate associations with calprotectin (S100A8 and S100A9), other inflammasome components (CASP1 and NLRP3), and T cell transcripts (i.e. CTLA4, PDL1) were observed. Targets of biologic therapy (TNFA, ITGA4/B7, IL12B) were weakly associated with the endoscopic Mayo score.
Expression of the top genes in a cell panel (Figure 1B) showed primary expression in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and polymorphonucleocytes, with some expression in colon epithelial and endothelial cells. Minimal expression was found in CD4/CD8 T cells or NK cells.
Pathway analysis represented extracellular matrix remodeling, complement regulation, and TNFA signaling, but revealed no pathways associated with adaptive immunity (Table 1).

Conclusions
UC disease activity, as assessed by the endoscopic Mayo score, was strongly associated with tissue remodeling and molecules of innate immunity that were largely found in myeloid cells, colon epithelium, and endothelium. Cognate T cells were not dominant features of UC disease activity. These data suggest that the driver of ongoing UC activity is independent of the cognate T cell response.

Funding Agencies
None
A58 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 37/67 KDA LAMININ RECEPTOR IN COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS
Authors: Cloutier G , Khalfaoui T , Beaulieu J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The interaction between cells and extracellular matrix components like laminin or elastin is a crucial step in cancer development and the metastasis process. The 67 kDa Laminin Receptor (67LR) was one of the first cell surface receptors for laminin to be discovered in the 1980s. The 67LR has been reported to be the cytoplasmic 37 kDa small ribosomal subunit protein RPSA (40S ribosomal protein SA) combined with another yet to be identified component to become the 67 kDa membrane receptor. The mechanism by which the ribosomal protein becomes the 67LR membrane receptor is still unclear, but it is presumed that the process involves post-translational modifications combined with homo or hetero-dimerization with non-associated ribosomal proteins. Interestingly, the 67LR confers aggressiveness and a poor prognosis to a wide variety of cancers.

Aims
The aim of this study was to confirm the overexpression of 67LR at the membrane of colorectal cancer cells (CRC) and to identify its homo or hetero-dimerization partners.

Methods
To detect the expression of 67LR in colorectal cancer we performed indirect immunofluorescence on tissues from normal and diseased colons. To confirm the presence of 67LR at the membrane of CRC cells we used a cellular fractionation protocol combined with ultracentrifugation and detergent treatment to separate ribosome-containing fractions from the membranes to isolate membrane associated 67LR-related components. Mass spectrometry analysis to study the molecular identity of 67LR was performed on immunoreactive bands corresponding to RPSA and 67LR from different subcellular fractions.

Results
Immunolocalization of 67LR revealed an overexpression in colorectal cancer tissues. Following analysis by western blotting a 67 kDa immunoreactive protein was found in the supernatant of the 210,000 x g centrifugation while a 37 kDa protein was detected in the pellet solubilized with detergent, suggesting that the 37 kDa form is associated with the membrane. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis of the 67 kDa immunoreactive band present in the soluble fraction did not identify any RPSA-related peptides but found a 67 kDa elastin binding receptor (67EBP) related peptide, an elastin receptor that can also bind laminin. The identity of the 67EBP was then confirmed using a shRNA knockdown approach.

Conclusions
These results suggest a possible confusion between the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and 67 kDa elastin receptor (67EBP) and the possibility that the 37 kDa protein acts as a cell membrane laminin receptor.

Funding Agencies
CIHR
A59 A RARE PRESENTATION OF COLLAGENOUS GASTRODUODENITIS WITH 10 YEAR FOLLOW UP
Authors: Akhtar N H , Akhtar D , Tam L , Nimmo M , Donnellan F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Collagenous gastritis(CG) is a rare form of gastritis defined histologically by the presence of &gt;10um of subepithelial surface collagen deposition. CG can further be categorized in childhood onset CG and adult onset CG. The prevalence of childhood CG is 2.1/100,000 in children aged younger than 18. Adult onset CG remains a rare entity. Here, we describe a rare presentation of collagenous gastroduodenitis in an adult patient and the interval progression over a 10 year period.

Aims
To increase awareness of a rare condition with limited data on available treatment modalities and clinical outcomes in adults.

Methods
Case Report

Results
A 35 year old female with no past medical history presented with worsening fatigue and increased shortness of breath with no overt gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms. There was no previous history of radiation exposure or family history of autoimmune disease. Laboratory investigations revealed iron deficiency anemia with a hemoglobin of 69 and a ferritin of 11. TTG serology and anti-parietal antibody was also negative. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of collagenous gastritis localized to the gastric body with the presence of acute and chronic inflammatory changes. The patient was started on proton pump inhibitor therapy. In the interval period, the patient denies any new onset of gastrointestinal symptoms other than occasional heartburn. She remains iron deficient and requires regular iron infusions. Follow up endoscopy 10 years later now demonstrates diffuse mucosal abnormalities with a nodular contour involving the entire stomach and extending into the duodenal bulb. Biopsies showed features compatible with collagenous gastroduodenitis with active inflammation and pyloric metaplasia(Figure 1). There was atrophy of the stomach mucosa with no parietal cells identified and no endocrine hyperplasia. Immunostaining for Helicobacter pylori was negative. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was also performed revealing endoscopically normal colonic mucosa to the descending colon.

Conclusions
CG is a rare disease entity with unclear pathogenesis. Multiple case reports describe some association with autoimmune disease such as celiac disease. To date, no standard treatment has been identified for the management of CG. CG presents endoscopically with nodular changes, mucosal atrophy and collagen deposition. Over time, adult onset CG can progress to involve the entire stomach. Clinically, adult onset CG usually presents with a diarrhea predominant phenotype with associated collagenous colitis. Treatment modalities that have been trialed include PPI, corticosteroids, sucralfate, azathioprine,5-aminosalicylates, iron supplementation and hypoallergenic diets. Here we describe a rare presentation of collagenous gastroduodenitis and subsequent 10 year follow up in order to better understand this disease entity.

Funding Agencies
None
A72 GASTROPARESIS: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ETIOLOGIES & RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
Authors: Letellier A , Rolland S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Gastroparesis is a gastrointestinal motor disorder characterized by a delay in gastric emptying without evidence of mechanical obstruction. Data pertaining to the demographic and clinical characteristics of gastroparesis in the Canadian population is sparse.

Aims
To review the authors’ experience with gastroparesis.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study conducted at the Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, a tertiary care center affiliated with the University of Montréal. We collected clinical data from all patients who had a diagnosis of gastroparesis confirmed by gastric emptying scintigraphy from January 2017 to December 2019. The authors reviewed medical records for details on gastroparesis etiologies, response to pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment.

Results
80 patients met the inclusion criteria. 66,8% of them were females. Average age was 62,4 ± 15,7 years. The most frequently identified etiologies of gastroparesis were idiopathic (36.3%), type 1 and 2 diabetes (40%) and medication-induced (23.8%). 82.8% of idiopathic cases were women. 56.6% of patients achieved complete resolution of symptoms with only one pharmacological agent. Response to pharmacologic treatment were mixed, with domperidone and prucalopride having the highest rates of complete resolution of symptoms. Simultaneous use of 2 pharmacologic agents was attempted in 14 patients, half of which achieved resolution of symptoms. All of these patients had at least partial amelioration of their symptoms with the addition of another pharmacologic treatment. Few patients were referred to a dietician, but 66,7% clinically improved with nutritional counselling. Non-pharmacologic approach alone (nutrition consultation, counselling from the physician, withdrawal of causal medication) leads to at least partial amelioration of symptoms in 77,8% of patients.

Conclusions
Diabetic gastroparesis represents the most frequent cause of gastroparesis in our study, with a significant female preponderance. Improvement in symptoms was associated with the use non-pharmacological interventions, as well as simultaneous use of two pharmacological agents.

Funding Agencies
None
A75 AUTOMATED FOLLOW-UP USING A PATIENT-GUIDED COMPLICATION TRACKING SYSTEM (PACTS): AN UPDATE ON PROGRESS
Authors: Calman T’ien L , Galorport C , Telford J J , Enns R A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In recent years, there has been an increase in automated interventions in medicine. The COVID-19 outbreak has further fueled this rise. In response to the pandemic, Healthcare systems have developed a multitude of technological strategies for case identification and contact tracing. It is in this evolving digital landscape, that a PAtient-guided Complication Tracking System (PACTS) was launched.
PACTS allows clinics to track complications using the Short Message Service (SMS). This program also offers opportunities to augment medical services and support patients having complications.
Before PACTS can be widely implemented in clinics, research needs to be conducted to investigate its potential as a complication tracking software.

Aims
To assess the outcomes of an automated follow-up program implemented at St. Paul’s Hospital in Vancouver, BC.

Methods
A prospective study was designed to contact outpatients one-week post-procedure using PACTS.
This program was delivered in two phases. Stage 1 ran from November 2019-March 2020. During this pilot stage, patients having a colonoscopy or gastroscopy were asked to participate in the study. Stage 2 ran from August 2020-August 2021. For this phase, patients having a colonoscopy, gastroscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy were automatically enrolled in the study. An independent t-test was completed to assess response rate differences between stages.
SMS responses were recorded and patients having unplanned events were contacted by phone to categorize complications. Adverse events (AE) were defined as side-effects requiring telehealth follow-up or emergency room visitation. Severe adverse events (SAE) were classified as complications requiring admission to hospital (&gt;24 hrs).

Results
SMS prompts were sent to 6975 patients and the overall mean response rate was 89%. The mean response rates from Stages 1 and 2 were 92% and 88% respectively. The independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in response rates between phases, two-sample t(174) = 4.56, p = 9.58 x 10–6.
498 (8%) of SMS respondents reported having unplanned events. Of these patients, 372 (75%) were reached by phone and 257 (69%) were confirmed to have had a side effect. 65 of these complications were AEs and of these, 3 cases were SAEs. The most common AEs were abdominal pain (37%), bleeding (35%), nausea and vomiting (14%).

Conclusions
The high response rates achieved during this study provide further evidence for the use of automated follow-up systems in medicine. This study also demonstrates the potential of PACTS as a complication tracking software.
Future research should devise strategies to optimize the collection of complication data using an SMS-based service.

Funding Agencies
None, NRC
A78 “CHALLENGING PERSPECTIVES:” UNDERSTANDING CLINICIANS VIEWS ON MANAGING ALCOHOL USE DISORDER AND CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Johnson E , Ghosh S M , Daniels V J , Wild T C , Tandon P , Hyde A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the leading etiologies for liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Few individuals with AUD receive guideline-based care in the form of screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment, or prescription of anti-relapse pharmacotherapies. We interviewed clinicians across Alberta to assess the current experience and perceived barriers to managing AUD in people who have cirrhosis.

Aims
The aim of this project is to summarize these findings to inform the development of an educational intervention.

Methods
We used a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the experiences of clinicians who provide care for patients with cirrhosis and AUD in Alberta. We conducted semi-structured interviews directed by an interview guide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used an inductive thematic analysis approach whereby transcripts were coded, with codes grouped into larger categories, then themes.

Results
Sixteen clinicians participated in this study. Many participants acknowledged that they do not use a standardized approach to screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment. Through thematic analysis we identified three themes surrounding barriers to managing AUD in patients with cirrhosis: (i) Practicing within knowledge constraints, (ii) Navigating limited resources and system challenges, and (iii) Acknowledging the complexity of patients who have cirrhosis and AUD.

Conclusions
This research presents the perspectives of clinicians who manage people who have AUD and cirrhosis. Our results indicate that significant barriers exist that affect how clinicians manage AUD in the context of cirrhosis, including limited knowledge and resources, systemic challenges, and patient complexity. The information gathered in this investigation will be used to develop an accredited educational intervention that will delve deeper into these issues in order to have the greatest impact on clinicians who routinely interface with this patient population.

Funding Agencies
Alberta Innovates Health Solutions