bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron imaging of PtI2− and its PtI− photodissociation product
Authors: Gibbard Jemma A. , Verlet Jan R. R. 
Published: April 2022

The photoelectron imaging of PtI2− is presented over photon energies ranging from hν = 3.2 to 4.5 eV. The electron affinity of PtI2 is found to be 3.4 ± 0.1 eV, and the photoelectron spectrum contains three distinct peaks corresponding to three low-lying neutral states. Using a simple d-block model and the measured photoelectron angular distributions, the three states are tentatively assigned. Photodissociation of PtI2− is also observed, leading to the formation of I− and of PtI−. The latter allows us to determine the electron affinity of PtI to be 2.35 ± 0.10 eV. The spectrum of PtI− is similarly structured with three peaks which, again, can be tentatively assigned using a similar model that agrees with the photoelectron angular distributions.
Transcriptome-wide subtyping of pediatric and adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an international study of 707 cases
Authors: Dai Yu-Ting , Zhang Fan , Fang Hai , Li Jian-Feng , Lu Gang , Jiang Lu , Chen Bing , Mao Dong-Dong , Liu Yuan-Fang , Wang Jin , Peng Li-Jun , Feng Chong , Chen Hai-Feng , Mu Jun-Xi , Zhang Qun-Ling , Wang Hao , Ariffin Hany , Moy Tan Ah , Wang Jing-Han , Lou Yin-Jun , Chen Su-Ning , Wang Qian , Liu Hong , Shan Zhe , Matsumura Itaru , Miyazaki Yasushi , Yasuda Takahiko , Dou Li-Ping , Yan Xiao-Jing , Yan Jin-Song , Yeoh Allen Eng-Juh , Wu De-Pei , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Hayakawa Fumihiko , Jin Jie , Wang Sheng-Yue , Sun Xiao-Jian , Mi Jian-Qing , Chen Zhu , Huang Jin-Yan , Chen Sai-Juan 
Published: April 2022

Significance
We provide transcriptomic insights into differences between pediatric and adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients through an international collaborative effort integrating RNA-sequencing data of 707 patients. Ten subtypes were identified, each characterized by distinct gene mutation profiles and dysregulated expression signatures of leukemogenic factors, and associated with T cell development stages. Adult T-ALL tends to have characteristics of early T cell precursor ALL, mostly corresponding to the mixed phenotype acute leukemia, whereas pediatric T-ALL shows a wide spectrum of aberrant molecular features, from early T cell precursor to mature T cell compartments. Our findings have important implications for disease mechanism of T-ALL that differs between pediatric and adult patients, facilitating further refined targeted therapy.
Numerical study of singlet delta oxygen (O2(a1Δg)) generation and transport in the He/O2 atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Jiao , Wang Dezhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the spatial-temporal evolution and the transport of the singlet delta oxygen (O2(a1Δg)) of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet using a 2D fluid modeling. The plasma jet is produced in pure helium or helium with small oxygen admixtures (no bigger than 2%), by applying a constant DC voltage of +5 kV on the annular electrode. It is found that, at the 0.7% O2 admixture, a higher O2(a1Δg) density is obtained inside the tube before the jet impacts the substrate. After the jet propagates along the substrate surface, the peak O2(a1Δg) density is transferred from the tube to the gap. Varying the O2 admixtures percentage in the working gas changes the O2(a1Δg) spatial distribution. The O2(a1Δg) with two thinner edges is dominantly produced in the helium–air mixing layer for pure helium. The addition of O2 in the working gas leads to O2(a1Δg) production in the tube. Meanwhile, the thickness of the O2(a1Δg) edges increases in the helium–air mixing layer. But the radius of the O2(a1Δg) density channel continuously reduces with the O2 admixture. The O2(a1Δg) density and its surface flux first increase within the 0.7% O2 admixture and then decreases with the further augment of the O2 admixture. The influence of the gas flow velocity on the production and transport of O2(a1Δg) is also studied. Increasing the gas flow velocity changes the spatial distribution of the O2(a1Δg) density from the solid structure to the annular structure in the gap. At the same time, lower volume average density and instantaneous flux are obtained at larger gas flow velocity.
Transparent metasurface for wideband backward scattering reduction with synthetic optimization algorithm
Authors: Sui Sai , Wang Jiafu , Pang Yongqiang , Zhang Jieqiu , Xu Zhuo , Qu Shaobo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An optical transparent metasurface for wideband backward scattering reduction with a synthetic optimization method is proposed, which makes full use of the simultaneity of electromagnetic absorption and interference suppression, so that backward scattering can be flexibly manipulated. To validate the design procedure, a metasurface with optical transparency is designed, fabricated and experimentally tested, which significantly enhances the efficiency in the frequency range of 6.2–20.8 GHz and exhibits about 79.5% averaged transmittance of optical transparency in the wavelength range of 380–780 nm. The proposed optical transparent wideband backward scattering reduction metasurface reveals an alternative opportunity for effective manipulation of microwaves.
Dynamic precision surveying of railway tunnels based on MLS with robust constraints of track control network
Authors: Dong Cuijun , Mao Qingzhou , Kou Donghua , Dai Yongbo , Xiong Yonggang , Zhu Xubo , Li Xialiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The inertial navigation system (INS)/odometer integrated dead reckoning (DR) is usually used for the positioning and orientation of mobile LiDAR system in the precision surveying of railway tunnels. However, due to the accumulation of pose errors and the creaky method of joint surveying of track control points, it is difficult to achieve the millimeter level absolute accuracy of point clouds relative to the track control network under dynamic conditions, especially when there are gross errors of some control points coordinates. This paper puts forward an algorithm to optimize accuracy of INS/odometer integrated DR with robust constraints of track control network. The errors of DR are divided into two types, which affect the relative accuracy and the absolute accuracy respectively; The concept of virtual mileage coordinate system is proposed, in this coordinate system, the influence of gyro bias error on position is modeled as a circular distribution and estimated indirectly by using the high-precision relative spatial relationship of control points; An absolute accuracy optimization method with constraints by sequence match between positions of surveying equipment and track control points is proposed, and the gross errors of control point coordinates are detected and processed based on reduced weight iteration method. The experimental results of North China high speed railway tunnel show that when the distance interval of control points of correction is 120 m, the root mean square (RMS) error of coordinates in X, Y and Z directions are 0.003, 0.003 and 0.005 m respectively. When the distance interval of control points of correction is 420 m, the RMS in X, Y and Z directions are 0.029, 0.030 and 0.010 m respectively. When there are gross errors of some control point coordinates and the distance interval of control points of correction is 120 m, the RMS of coordinates in X, Y and Z directions are 0.005, 0.006 and 0.006 m respectively, and the gross errors of 4 cm in one direction of the three-dimensional control point coordinates can be detected. The experimental results verified the high accuracy of the algorithm and its robustness to the gross errors of control point coordinates.
Bacteria cellulose framework-supported solid composite polymer electrolytes for ambient-temperature lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yuan Boheng , Cong Zhi , Cheng Zhi , Li Lei , Xia Linan , Yan Jieda , Shen Fei , Zhao Bin , Han Xiaogang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) films with high room temperature ionic conductivity are urgently needed for the practical application of high-safety solid-state batteries (SSBs). Here, a flexible polymer-polymer CPE thin film reinforced by a three-dimensional (3D) bacterial cellulose (BC) framework derived from natural BC hydrogel was prepared via the in situ photo-polymerization method. The BC film was utilized as the supporting matrix to ensure high flexibility and mechanical strength. The BC–CPE attained a high room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1. The Li∣BC–CPE∣Li symmetric cell manifested stable cycles of more than 1200 h. The LCO∣BC–CPE∣Li full cell attained an initial discharge specific capacity of 128.7 mAh g−1 with 82.6% discharge capacity retention after 150 cycles at 0.2 C under room temperature. The proposed polymer-polymer CPE configuration represents a promising route for manufacturing environmental SSBs, especially since cellulose biomaterials are abundant in nature.
Structural characterizations on the degradation of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and its enlightenment to improved stability
Authors: Zha Yanfang , Wang Yun , Sheng Yuhang , Wu Shuyi , Zhang Jinlei , Ma Kewei , Yang Lun , Liu Cihui , Di Yunsong , Gan Zhixing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite the demonstrated high-efficiency of solar cells and light-emitting devices based on two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, intrinsic stability of the 2D perovskites is yet far from satisfactory. In this work, we find the 2D (BA)2PbI4 perovskite crystals rapidly degrade in the ambient conditions and the photoluminescence (PL) nearly completely quenches in 6 d. Moreover, the PL shoulder band due to defects and absorption band of PbI2 gradually rise during degradation, suggesting the precipitation of PbI2. Besides, rod structures are observed in the degraded crystals, which are attributed to the formation of one-dimensional (1D) (BA)3PbI5 perovskites. And the degradation can be largely retarded by decreasing the humidity during storage. Therefore, a chemical reaction for the degradation of (BA)2PbI4 is proposed, revealing the interactions between water molecules and undercoordinated defects are very critical for understanding the degradation. Enlightened by these findings, dimethyl itaconate (DI) treatment is developed to passivate the defects and block the intrusion of moisture to improve the stability of the (BA)2PbI4. After storage in the ambient environment for 16 d, the DI treated (BA)2PbI4 only shows a slight surface degradation without formation of any nanorod-like structures, and the PL intensity retains about 70%. Therefore, our systematic study provides a comprehensive understanding on the degradation dynamics of 2D perovskites, which will promote future development of intrinsically stable 2D perovskites.
Current density at failure of twinned silver nanowires
Authors: Waliullah Mohammad , Bernal Rodrigo A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Silver nanowires have a wide range of potential applications in stretchable and transparent electronics due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. For a successful application in electronic devices, evaluating the electrical reliability of these nanowires is required. We have studied experimentally the behavior of current density at failure for penta-twinned silver nanowires with diameters between 53 and 173 nm, for 93 samples. The current densities at failure are widely scattered, have an average of 9.7 × 107 A cm−2, and a standard deviation of 2.96 × 107 A cm−2. Heat-transfer modeling is employed to explain the results, and Weibull statistics are used to quantify failure probabilities, thus offering guidelines for future designs based on these nanowires. The scatter observed in the measurements is attributed to surface-roughness variations among samples, which lead to local hot spots of high current density. These results quantify the Joule heating electrical reliability of silver nanowires and highlight the importance of heat transfer in increasing it.
Application of an accelerometer in adjusting parameters and detecting characteristics in the pacemaker rate response
Authors: Qiu Hanying , Huang Shizhe , Su Linjie , Chen Haojia , Chen Yaowen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. To study the application of an accelerometer in adjusting the parameters, setting the sensor indicated rate (SIR) and detecting characteristics in the pacemaker (PM) rate response. Approach. Three-axis (GT9X Link-type) accelerometers were positioned on the waist and chest in 33 participants implanted with rate responsive PMs while wearing an ambulatory ECG recorder (Holter). During the walking test, by collecting vertical axis (Axis-1) activity intensity counts, Axis-1’ metabolic equivalent of energy (METaxis-1) and its expected heart rate (HRmet-axis1) were calculated by the relevant equations, and on the basis of the HRmet-axis1 as the target heart rate, the SIR was set by programming the rate response slope parameter. During the following daily walking activity, the physical activity parameters and Holter ECG was recorded continuously. After the end of the whole test the analysis on these data recorded was performed retrospectively. Main results. After completing the SIR setting, in 24 participants with complete ventricular pacing the comparison between HRmet-axis1 (92.5 ± 7.8 BPM) and the HRvp-Holter (94.0 ± 10.5 BPM) showed no statistical difference (ΔHR: 1.25 ± 6.69 BPM, P: 0.568) during the last one walking test, and there was also no significant difference (ΔHR: 2.8 ± 7.1 BPM, P: 0.398) between the HRmet-axis1 (90.7 ± 7.1 BPM) and HRvp-Holter (93.4 ± 10.3 BPM) during daily walking activity. In addition, in the data of 108 time intervals selected during the daily walking activities in the abovementioned 24 participants, METaxis-1 and HRvp-Holter correlation analysis showed good correlation and the regression equation was HR = 12.4 × MET

±

43.1 (

P
<
0.0001

). Significance. An accelerometer can play an important role in adjusting parameters, setting the SIR and detecting characteristics in the PM rate response.
Memory propagation in barrier discharge at water interface: suspected Markov states and spatiotemporal memory effects
Authors: Kuthanová Lucia , Hoder Tomáš 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Barrier discharges are known for strong memory effects which shape their stochastic properties. We study memory propagation in a surface barrier discharge operated at the water interface in atmospheric pressure air using electrical measurements and synchronized intensified CCD imaging. Comprehensive electrical data sets of seemingly chaotic behaviour are evaluated from thousands of subsequent periods recorded with high temporal resolution and large dynamic range. We confirm known memory effects and identify new ones both in between the half-periods as well as between subsequent pulses within one half-period. We find two memoryless states for the first discharges in the positive polarity which are defined by the presence/absence of photoemission-induced collective behaviour. Given the determined probability for entering one of these two suspected Markov states, the system bifurcates and follows one of the two subsequent non-Markovian pathways. The identification of the collective behaviour in these pathways enables us to recognize the spatially resolved property of the system and to determine its probability of occurrence, both solely from the zero-dimensional electrical characterisation.
Magnetized fluid electron model within a two-dimensional hybrid simulation code for electrodeless plasma thrusters
Authors: Zhou J , Domínguez-Vázquez A , Fajardo P , Ahedo E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An axisymmetric fluid model for weakly-collisional, magnetized electrons is introduced and coupled to a particle-in-cell model for heavy species to simulate electrodeless plasma thrusters. The numerical treatment of the model is based on a semi-implicit time scheme, and specific algorithms for solving on a magnetic field aligned mesh. Simulation results of the plasma transport are obtained for a virtual electrodeless thruster. The particle and energy fluxes of electrons are discussed. A first phenomenological model is included for the anomalous cross-field electron transport, and a second one for the anomalous parallel-field electron cooling in the plume. The balances of the plasma properties reveal that wall losses are the crucial reason for the poor thrust efficiency of these thrusters. The magnetic thrust inside the source could be negative and largely depending on the location of the magnetic throat, which is found uncoupled from the location of the plasma beam sonic surface. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the results against the simulated plume extension shows that finite plumes imply an incomplete electron expansion, which leads to underestimating the performances.
Topologically customized and surface-mounted meta-devices for Lamb wave manipulation
Authors: Liu Ze , Shan Sheng-Bo , Dong Hao-Wen , Cheng Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lamb waves inside thin-walled structures have received extensive attention due to their great promise in applications such as structural health monitoring. Applications point at the common need for effective conditioning and manipulation of the wave propagation in terms of both frequency content and mode components. In this work, the concept of metamaterials is exploited to construct functional meta-devices (MDs). The MDs are designed to deliver prescribed functionalities after they are surface-mounted onto a structure conveying Lamb waves. To this end, a unified inverse-design scheme based on topology optimization is proposed and applied to achieve multifold functions such as frequency filtering, single-mode transmission and wave filtering at the subwavelength scale. Configuration features of the optimized MDs are extracted to reveal the mechanism governing the generation of broad Bragg scattering bandgaps. Analyses on negative effective mass density and the polarized mode explain the directional locally resonant bandgaps which exhibit strong anisotropic density. A representative MD with a finite number of unit cells is examined through finite element simulations. Temporal signals and their transmission spectra confirm the expected band features. An experiment is carried out to confirm the prescribed wave manipulation functions of the designed MD in terms of achieving selective frequency and wave mode transmission. This work provides a universal approach for topologically customizing MDs for the precise and tactic control of Lamb wave propagation.
Epidemics on evolving networks with varying degrees
Authors: Sanhedrai Hillel , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Epidemics on complex networks is a widely investigated topic in the last few years, mainly due to the last pandemic events. Usually, real contact networks are dynamic, hence much effort has been invested in studying epidemics on evolving networks. Here we propose and study a model for evolving networks based on varying degrees, where at each time step a node might get, with probability r, a new degree and new neighbors according to a given degree distribution, instead of its former neighbors. We find analytically, using the generating functions framework, the epidemic threshold and the probability for a macroscopic spread of disease depending on the rewiring rate r. Our analytical results are supported by numerical simulations. We find that the impact of the rewiring rate r has qualitative different trends for networks having different degree distributions. That is, in some structures, such as random regular networks the dynamics enhances the epidemic spreading while in others such as scale free (SF) the dynamics reduces the spreading. In addition, we unveil that the extreme vulnerability of static SF networks, expressed by zero epidemic threshold, vanishes for only fully evolving network, r = 1, while for any partial dynamics, i.e. r < 1, this zero threshold exists. Finally, we find the epidemic threshold also for a general distribution of the recovery time.
Theoretical investigation of structural, topological, mechanical and thermal behavior of SrPtS and BaPtS Heusler alloys
Authors: Shakil Muhammad , Rehman Abdul , Khan Muhammad Isa , Gillani S S A , Zafar Muhammad , Gadhi Muhammad Asghar , Rafique Muhammad , Alrowaili Z A , Mahmoud Zakaria M M , Al-Buriahi M S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Topological Insulators (TIs) have become new potential materials because of their super surface conduction and bulk insulation. Their technological importance motivated us to explore the topological nature of SrPtS and BaPtS Heusler alloys using full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method as implemented in Wien2k. Structural stability is checked using three different Wyckoff positions and further investigations were carried out to find the dynamic stability with phonon dispersion curves. The electronic band structure of both materials show metallic nature when generalized gradient approximation with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA + PBE) exchange and correlation functional is used but there appears a band gap when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) was implemented. The band inversion strength has also been tested by applying the external pressure. Further, both alloys have been found mechanically stable and ductile in nature by determining the elastic parameters. Thermal and electrical conductances were also determined and discussed. The findings show that these materials being topological insulators are suitable for technological applications.
Alpha particle spectrometry based on the mean grey level and visibility of track etch-pit in CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector
Authors: Al-Sayed A , El Ghazaly M , Ghanim E H , Mohamed Amal , El-Naggar Hala I , Dawood Mahmoud S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The CR-39 detector is used in this work to present an exceptional technique for alpha-particle spectrometry. This new approach is based on determining the mean grey level and visibility of the alpha particle track etch-pit. The latter is used to discriminate alpha particles of different energies that produce the same track diameter at the same etching time. CR-39 detectors had been irradiated by alpha particles with energies 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 MeV thereafter are chemically etched in 6.25 M NaOH at 70 °C. At various etching periods, the diameter, the mean grey level, and the visibility of the alpha particle track etch-pit were measured. The findings reveal that for a given alpha particle, the mean grey level rises with the increase of the etching time. Conversely, both the visibility and contrast of alpha particle tracks are deteriorating. The alpha particle track etch-pit of equal diameters results from an alpha particle of different energies having different mean grey levels and visibility. In addition, it is confirmed that the mean grey level and visibility of the alpha particle etch-pit are shown to be correlated with the alpha particle energy at a particular etching time. Finally, the proposed approach is intended to overcome the non-monotonical relationship of diameter to the energy of alpha particle track etch-pit. So, our findings have the potential to broaden the application of CR-39 as an alpha particle spectrometer.