bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Cu(II) by MgAl–OH LDHs/birch leaves composites prepared by ball-milling hydrothermal method and mechanism insight
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Zhang Binghan , Han Dandan , Fang Shaokang , Wu Lishun , Hou Wanguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 as raw materials, MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified from birch leaves were prepared by the ball-milling–hydrothermal method, denoted as LDHs/BL, and used for the treatment of wastewater containing Cu(II). The morphology, crystal shape, and specific surface area of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET-specific surface area analyzer. The results showed that the prepared LDHs/BL composites had good crystal shape, large specific surface area, and suitable pore structure. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption conforms to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Under the same adsorption conditions, the adsorption capacity of the LDHs/BL complex was higher than that of LDH, the removal efficiency of the former was 92%, and that of the latter was 68%. The adsorption mechanism includes metal precipitation and isomorphic replacement. More importantly, this study provides a green method to prepare LDHs. LDHs/BL composites are expected to be used as a new kind of environmental adsorbent for wastewater treatment. This work provides a new idea for the utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.
Comparative evaluation of pilot-scale reactors based on pulsating floc blanket clarification and conventional clariflocculation technologies in simultaneous treatment of natural organic matter and turbidity
Authors: Srivastava Shashank , Saxena Kanika , Brighu Urmila , Gupta Akhilendra Bhushan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Simultaneous treatment of synthetic raw water containing natural organic matter (6 mg L−1) and clayey turbidity (0–20 NTU) was carried out with PACl on continuous upflow type pilot-scale models of pulsating floc blanket clarifier (PFBC) and conventional clariflocculator (CC) each designed for a capacity to treat about 8,000 liters per day, to understand mechanistic differences in their functioning. Fluidized bed of pre-flocculated particles prompted contact flocculation and enmeshment which lowered the residual turbidity for PFBC (0.07 ± 0.09 NTU) compared to CC (2.48 ± 1.71 NTU). Fine particles suspended in water clarified from PFBC and CC were hetero-disperse with Zavg as 2,341 nm and 5,693 nm respectively. On average, total residual aluminum was found to be 147 ± 33 ppb and 141 ± 51 ppb, while dissolved residual aluminum was found to be 31 ppb and 59 ppb for PFBC and CC respectively. Average total organic carbon reduction by PFBC and CC was 70.4% and 67.7% respectively. Size, structure and fractal dimensions of flocs were studied and average settling velocity of PFBC flocs was calculated to be 37% higher than CC flocs. Distinctness in characteristics of sludge formed in the two reactors has been highlighted by means of SEM micrographs and FT-IR spectra.
Small molecule carbon source promoting dairy wastewater treatment of Rhodospirillum rubrum by co-metabolism and the establishment of multivariate nonlinear equation
Authors: Wu Pan , Li Ning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum water treatment technology could recycle bio-resource. However, the inability to degrade macromolecular organics limited its wide application. This paper discussed the feasibility of small molecular carbon source promoting R. rubrum directly treating dairy machining wastewater (DMW) and accumulations for single cell protein and pigment, and establishment of a mathematical model. Six small molecules promoted the degradation of macromolecules (proteins) in DMW. They promoted protease secretion and non-growth matrix (protein) decomposition in DMW through co-metabolism. Among the molecules, 550 mg/L potassium sodium tartrate was the best, protease activity and protein removal rate were increased by 100% compared with control. Then chemical oxygen demand (COD) and protein removal rates reached 80%, the single cell protein, carotenoid and bacterial chlorophyll yields were increased 2 times. Meanwhile, carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) and food microbial ratio (F/M) were identified as the most important factors by principal component analysis. A multivariate nonlinear equation model between COD removal rate and C/N, F/M, time was established.
Developing High School Students’ Listening Skills in The Context of Multimodal English Communication by Means of a Moodle-Based Training Program
Authors: Danilin M. V. , Milovanova L. A. 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to describe the training program as a technological way to implement the methodology of skills’ formation and development of listening skills in the conditions of English-language multimodal communication at the level of secondary general education based on authentic audio-video materials and LMS Moodle distance learning technology. The relevance of the issue is underlined by the necessity of ensuring successful pupils’ interactions in the context of intercultural multimodal communication where verbal and non-verbal languages are used interdependently to produce meaning. From the point of view of methods of teaching it means a high school student must possess skills allowing to perceive (both aurally and visually) and understand social actions in English which are marked by the communicative indirectness resulted from the interdependency of verbal and non-verbal signals in producing multimodal meaning.Materials and methods. Theoretical justification of the development of the Moodle-based training program is established by the analysis of scientific works on the issue. The group of methods also included modeling, method of exercises, method of programmed learning, micro-learning method, HTML5 technology is used to develop interactive content in the form of a plugin H5P for distance learning technology LMS Moodle, the basic program for editing audio-video materials “Video Editor” (Windows 10).Results. The authors specified the term “audio-visual receptive activity” and described the results of the selection process of the educational content for teaching listening in the context of multimodal communication in English. The matrix of the training program is presented, a set of exercises is described, the use of which is designed to ensure the success of the formation of skills and the development of skills to ensure the effectiveness of perception and understanding in the context of multimodal communication, an example of the development of an interactive audio-visual exercise using basic and additional LMS Moodle plugins is given.Conclusion. The described training program acts as a technological core of a method of teaching listening in the context of multimodal communication in English and is aimed at ensuring a partial automatization of the developmental process of the specific receptive and interpretative skills that Russian high school students require to participate both actively and effectively in intercultural multimodal communication in English.
Therapeutic Approaches for Intravascular Microthrombi-induced Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Gopika K.M. , Sivajith S. , Sugunan Aadharsa , Sudheesh M.S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed our health care capacity in an unprecedented
way due to the sheer number of critically infected patients admitted to hospitals during the
last two years. Endothelial injury is seen as one of the central hallmarks of COVID-19 infection
that is the starting point in the generation of microthrombi and sepsis eventually leading to acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs) and multi-organ failure. The dramatic fall in lung function
during ARDs is attributed to the microthrombi-induced coagulopathy primed by a hyperactive
immune system. Due to the lack of effective antiviral agents, the line of treatment is limited to the
management of two key risk factors i.e., immune activation and coagulopathy. In the present review,
we describe the mechanistic role, therapeutic targets, and opportunities to control immune
activation and coagulopathy during the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDs.
Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent
Authors: Markandeywar Tanmay S. , Narang Raj Kumar , Singh Dilpreet , Rai Vineet Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is the world's fifth-most significant cause of related death and the second most
commonly diagnosed malignancy among women and men. Some of its types, like brain cancer, colon
cancer, and breast cancer, are threatened and considered fatal. These cancers are more prevalent in
developed and underdeveloped countries. Still, doxorubicin is considered a gold standard drug and the
only molecule used in multiple types of cancer. However, the toxicity and biopharmaceutical hindrances
like poor solubility, poor permeability, and high in vivo fate of drug cause low systematic circulation.
The creation of a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted medication delivery that can transport
and accumulate drugs at cancer sites should help to lessen the likelihood of side effects. These
nanocarriers improve the targetability of infected tissue and the therapeutic circulation of drugs. Hence,
the present review focused on the improved targetability of doxorubicin using different nanocarriers
and its possible outcomes in different types of cancer. Moreover, the prior art also discussed various
challenges and prospects of improved doxorubicin delivery and its therapeutic outcomes.
Knowledge and Use of Over-the-counter Drugs in Italy: An Exploratory
Survey-based Study in the General Population
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Ceci Franca , Mosca Alessio , Di Carlo Francesco , Burkauskas Julius , Pettorruso Mauro , Martinotti Giovanni , Guirguis Amira , Corkery John M. , Scherbaum Norbert , Schifano Fabrizio , Di Giannantonio Massimo 
Published: July 2022

Background:
During the past decade, the misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines
has become a global public health concern, especially among young people. In this study, we aimed
to explore the OTC consumption and related misuse in Italy and identify the demographic characteristics
of people/individuals involved in this phenomenon, understanding eventual risk factors.

Methods:
The study consisted of an anonymous online survey distributed by direct contact and via
the Internet between June-November 2021 to the general population living in Italy. Descriptive statistics
were reported, and binary regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for lifetime
misuse of OTC. The University of Hertfordshire approved the study (aLMS/SF/UH/02951).

Results:
The final sample size was composed of 717 respondents. The sample was mainly represented
by female (69.3%) students (39.9%) in the 20-25 years age group (30.0%). Based on the survey
responses, study participants were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of
OTC abuse/misuse (127 versus 590), which were compared for possible predictors of OTC diversion.
Multivariate regression showed that OTC abuse/misuse was associated with the knowledge of
the effects of OTC [odds ratio/OR = 2.711, 95%Confidence Interval/CI 1.794-4.097, p <0.001]. On
the contrary, the educational level appeared to be a protective factor [OR = 0.695, 95%CI 0.58–0.94,
p = 0.016].

Conclusion:
Although, according to our data, the phenomenon of OTC abuse appeared to be limited,
increasing attention is needed because of possible underestimation and high-risk outcomes.
Preventive strategies, including simplified access to information, may play a key role in limiting
OTC misuse.
Promising Molecular Targets Related to Polyamine Biosynthesis in Drug
Discovery against Leishmaniasis
Authors: Bispo Marcelle L.F. , Santiago-Silva Kaio M. , Camargo Priscila G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease widely distributed worldwide, caused by
parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Despite representing a significant public health problem,
the therapeutic options are old, with several reported adverse effects, have high costs, with administration
mainly by parenteral route, which makes treatment difficult, increasing dropout and, consequently,
the emergence of resistant strains. Thus, the research and development of new antileishmanial
therapies become necessary. In this field, inhibiting essential targets that affect the parasite’s
growth, survival, and infectivity represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. With this in mind, this
review addresses the main structural, functional characteristics and recent reports of the discovery of
promising inhibitors of the enzymes Arginase (ARG) and trypanothione synthase (TryS), which are
involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines and trypanothione and Trypanothione Reductase (TR),
responsible for the reduction of trypanothione thiol.
In vitro Examination of Antioxidant and Anti-cholinesterase Effects of
Athamanta sicula L. Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts
Authors: Loucif Karima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Benchikh Fatima , Bensouici Chawki , Amira Smain 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD). There is a growing interest in natural anti-oxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors from
medicinal plants that may aid in the prevention of oxidative injury and treatment of AD. Considering
this, Athamanta sicula L. is found to be an important medicinal plant.

Aims:
The aim of the current study was to investigate the total phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase
properties of aqueous (AqE) and methanolic extracts (MethE) from Athamanta sicula L.
(A. sicula L.).

Methods:
The phenanthroline, ABTS free radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching methods were
utilized to assess the antioxidant capacity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) inhibitory methods were used to determine the anti-cholinesterase effect.

Results:
These extracts were found to be rich in phenolic contents. They were capable of scavenging
free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing agents. A. sicula L. had a remarkable cholinesterase
inhibitory effect.

Conclusion:
These results support that A. sicula L. could be a new source of anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase
natural drugs. Further studies on the isolation and characterization of active principles of
anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities are needed.
Application of Nano Drug Delivery System (NDDS) in Cancer Therapy: A
Perspective
Authors: Liu Junyu , Li Shuqin , Wang Jia , Li Nannan , Zhou Jingna , Chen Haixia 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Cancer is the biggest killer that threatens human health. Poor bioavailabil-ity and strong drug resistance of cancer drugs are common defects. In recent years, drug delivery therapy based on nanotechnology has become a focused research area, and nano drug delivery sys-tem has been widely studied in cancer treatment.

Objective:
Based on the articles and patents published on the application of nano drug delivery systems in cancer treatment in the past five years, this paper summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment in order to provide a reference for future anticancer research on nano drug delivery systems.

Methods:
This perspective summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their ad-vantages and limitations in cancer treatment in recent five years, and proposes the development direction of nano drug delivery systems in the future.

Results:
Based on the review of articles and patents, we found that the nano drug delivery system is mainly divided into encapsulated nano drug delivery system and covalently bound nano-prodrug delivery system. Its advantages in cancer treatment are mainly reflected in enhancing drug stability, improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity and better application in cancer diagnosis. However, nano drug delivery system is a new field of science, some of these drug delivery systems might have high toxicity and low bioavailability; the off-target phenomenon often occurs, and most stud-ies are just focused on the early stage, its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and patient toler-ance, and the toxicity of treatment remains to be further investigated.

Conclusion:
This perspective systematically summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment based on the published articles and patents obtained in the last five years. Future research on nano drug delivery system should consider the potential risks, and stable and efficient nano drug delivery systems should be designed to treat can-cer by changing or functionalizing the nanomaterial.
Investigating Iranians’ Attitude, Practice, and Perceived Self-Efficacy towards COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors
Authors: Joveini Hamid , Zare Zahra , Hashemian Masoumeh , Mehri Ali , Shahrabadi Reza , Mahdavifar Neda , Aval Hamideh Ebrahimi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
During the past two years, a new health crisis that affected the world was the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, most health challenges and problems are mainly due to behavioral factors, so identifying these factors can play an important role in promoting public health. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate Iranians’ attitude, practice, and perceived self-efficacy towards COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Method:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted online among 387 Iranian cyberspace users selected by convenience sampling method and invited through social media messaging apps (Telegram, WhatsApp). The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire divided into 4 parts (demographic information, items related to attitude, practice, and perceived self-efficacy). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the collected data.

Results:
The results of the Pearson’s test showed that there was a direct and significant correlation between the participants’ attitude with practice (r = 0.23, p <0.001) and perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.21, p <0.001) regarding coronavirus preventive behaviors. There was also a direct and significant relationship between self-efficacy and practice (r = 0.46, p <0.001). The results of univariate regression test also showed that occupation (p=0.002, β=-0.16), marital status (p = 0.003, β=-0.15), attitude (p <0.001, β=0.23), and self-efficacy (p <0.001, β = 0.45) are predictive and influential variables of the participants’ practice towards coronavirus preventive behaviors.

Conclusion:
Various factors affect people's practice in relation to preventive behaviors. Paying attention to people's attitudes and self-efficacy can be considered in policies related to improving people's performance as well as planning future interventions to promote coronavirus preventive behaviors.
Classroom applicability of blooms mastery learning as perceived by teachers
Authors: Hassan Olusola 
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the applicability of mastery learning in public senior school as perceived by teachers. The study used descriptive survey research type. Two hundred and thirty teachers were sampled from public senior secondary schools in Kosofe local government area of Lagos. Teachers’ perception on the applicability of Mastery Learning (TPABML) was designed by the researcher to measure teachers perception, the instrument was validated with reliability index of 0.74. Data collected was analysed using mean score, percentages and independent t-test of significance. Findings showed on the whole, teachers’ perception does not favour the use of blooms mastery in public senior secondary. Result also showed significant difference between teachers with post-graduate qualification and teachers with Bachelor degree, but no significant difference was found based on teachers’ experience. The result also finds no significant difference on the basis of gender. The study recommends that Government should re-orientate teachers to change their views and make efforts to apply mastery learning as it has recorded positive results.
Exploring South Australian trends in Pre-schoolers’ Development and School Readiness from Preschool Directors’ Perspectives
Authors: Pivato Alessia , Boshoff Kobie , Seekamp Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Background: South Australian preschool educators report anecdotally they perceive changes in children’s development over the past decade, and consequently, changes in children’s school readiness, also evidenced by Australian Education Development Census (AEDC, 2018) data. This honours study describes the profile of South Australian children’s development and school readiness, based on the perceptions of preschool directors. The study explores the understandings of school readiness and its relationship with developmental delay.
Methods: An online questionnaire was developed, guided by literature in the child development field, and was reviewed, piloted and validated by experts. In total, 405 directors from the South Australian Department for Education-funded preschools, were invited to take part. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and content analysis.
Results: Out of 103 returned questionnaires (25.4% response rate), the majority were preschool directors with over 15 years’ experience as director and/or working with children in any field. The majority (80%) of participants agreed there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with, or observed to have developmental delay, over the past decade. Directors commonly defined school readiness as a developmental status of the child, with others extending this concept to add the primary school’s readiness to receive the child. The majority (82%) acknowledged children with signs of developmental delay are at risk of not being “school ready”. Factors affecting children’s development have been identified.
Conclusions: From this study, it is evident that over the past decade, experienced preschool directors have indicated South Australian children’s development to decline. These delays are impacting on their readiness to transition into the formal school system. Practical implications include the need for urgent support for these children to ensure they are ready to transition to school and to engage optimally in their learning.