bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence‐Defined Conjugated Oligomers by Temperature Cycling
Authors: Xu Hao , Ye Shuyang , Zhao Ruyan , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSequence‐defined synthetic oligomers and polymers provide unprecedented opportunities for polymer chemists to finely control properties such as chain folding, self‐assembly, and optoelectronic performance of materials. However, absolute control over both chain‐length and monomer sequence has been a long‐standing “grand challenge” for decades. Herein, we report a novel strategy to synthesize monodisperse sequence‐defined conjugated oligomers in a homogeneous manner by temperature cycling, thereby achieving single‐monomer precision in conjugated polyheterocycles. A series of sequence‐defined oligomers with up to twelve repeating units, four different monomers, and various sequences were successfully synthesized. Monomer sequence was also proved to affect optical properties. We believe this strategy not only exhibits general applicability to the synthesis of group 16 conjugated oligomers and polymers, but also has far‐reaching potential for other polymer systems.
Damping properties of acrylate polymers mediated by ionic coordination
Authors: Geng Xiaoning , Shi Gaopeng , Wu Guozhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, metallic ions are introduced to polyacrylates to break the mutual limitation between damping peak width and height. It is found that all the ion‐coordinated polymers exhibit two loss peaks. With the increase of concentration, coordination strength, and steric hindrance, the temperature gap between two damping peaks can be broadened significantly while the peak height is slightly decreased. We are surprised to find that the effective damping temperature region (peak height ≥0.3) for poly (butyl acrylate) ionomers with 100% neutralization and weak coordination strength can be more than 200 K. Moreover, the damping peak area also increases after the introduction of metallic ions. Our result provides a new strategy for developing novel damping materials with high performance.
An antisemitic transference and countertransference
Authors: White Robert S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe author presents a clinical psychoanalysis in which his Jewish patient fears that her non‐Jewish analyst hates her for being Jewish. Antisemitic expressions of hate toward the analyst have been well‐documented, but a fear of the analyst's hateful transference to the patient has not been previously examined in a published report. This transference led to an impasse in the treatment and prompted exploration of countertransference on the analyst's part; was he, unconsciously, expressing any religious hatred? The author examines a technical question of whether such a transference can be analyzed in the usual way as a displacement of infantile trauma? Or do the antisemitic aspects of the transference need to be examined and understood in their cultural and religious implications first and then analyzed as a real aspect in the external world before its infantile roots can be exposed? In this particular case, the author concludes that the latter approach is necessary and useful to facilitating clinical progress. The author suggests that this approach may be applicable to other analyses where there are racial, class, or religious differences and the patient develops fears about the analyst's attitude. The author offers this case as an example of the necessary integration of cultural and sociological issues into the classical model of intrapsychic conflict.
Development and validation of ELISA for screening of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) habitual users using urinary AZ122 biomarker
Authors: Jasim Rana Khudhair , Singh Darshan , Gam Lay‐Harn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia for its therapeutic properties. The major alkaloid of kratom, mitragynine, binds to opioid receptors to give opioid‐like effects that causes addiction. In our previous study, we have identified AZ122 as a unique biomarker in habitual or regular kratom users through analysis of their urinary protein profiles. We aimed to develop and validate a screening method by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of kratom habitual users. An ELISA approach was applied for the development of a screening method using urinary AZ122 as biomarker. Method validation was carried out using three quality control materials at different concentration of AZ122. The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS (Version 25). The ELISA was presented with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The repeatability and reproducibility were presented at CV <7%, while the accuracy ranged from 78 to 96% at various AZ112 concentrations. Upon testing on 176 male respondents (n = 88 regular kratom users and n = 88 healthy controls), the specificity and sensitivity of the assay were both 100%. The ELISA has been validated and can be potentially used as a reliable screening test for detection of kratom habitual users.
Evaluating public posting, goal setting, and rewards to increase physical activity in children
Authors: Miller Bryon G. , Livingston Cynthia P. , Zerger Heather M. , Valbuena Diego A. , Miltenberger Raymond G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated several components of a pedometer‐based intervention with children in an elementary‐school‐aged classroom, across 24‐h sessions. The intervention included combinations of self‐monitoring, goal setting, feedback, and reinforcement, and data were analyzed at both the classroom level (i.e., average daily step totals) and the individual level (i.e., daily step totals), across phases. The highest levels of physical activity were observed when components of self‐monitoring, public posting, goal setting, and feedback with reward were applied concurrently.
Palladium‐catalyzed CH acetoxylation of arenes using a pyrazolonaphthyridine ligand
Authors: Kim Jisu , Joo Jung Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, Pd‐catalyzed CH acetoxylation reactions of arenes are developed using a pyrazolonaphthyridine ligand. In the presence of iodomesitylene diacetate as the oxidant, the electron‐deficient ligand facilitates the CH activation of the electron‐rich positions while preventing the formation of Pd black via bidentate binding. Although both acetic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol are employed for directing group‐assisted acetoxylation reactions, the latter proved to be more efficient for the nondirected reaction of arenes with the nitrogen ligand.
Do breast cancer survivors with a recent history of clinical depression report worse experiences with care? A retrospective cohort study using SEER‐CAHPS data
Authors: Arevalo Mariana , Pickering Trevor A. , Vernon Sally W. , Fujimoto Kayo , Peskin Melissa F. , Farias Albert J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeWe examined whether breast cancer survivors' experiences with care differed by a recent history of clinical depression, and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.MethodsUsing the Epidemiology and End Results‐Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (SEER‐CAHPS) dataset, we analyzed records of breast cancer survivors who completed a survey at least 12 months after their cancer diagnosis. We assessed clinical depression 12 months prior to survey completion using Medicare claims. We used separate multivariable logistic regressions to examine the associations between depression and excellent (vs. less than excellent) ratings of experiences with care (i.e., doctor communication, getting needed care, getting care quickly, getting prescription drugs, specialist and overall care). We also assessed interactions of depression by race/ethnicity. All models were adjusted for demographics and cancer prognostic and treatment factors.ResultsOf the 2271 survivors, 7.6% were clinically depressed. After adjusting for covariates, survivors with clinical depression had lower odds of reporting excellent ratings of their ability to get needed care, care by their specialist, and overall care, compared to those without depression (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.84; AOR = 0.40, CI: 0.31–0.76; and AOR = 0.61, CI: 0.42–0.89, respectively). Among Hispanics, having depression was associated with higher odds of excellent ratings of one's ability to get needed care (AOR: 5.42, 95% CI: 1.02–28.81). No other statistically significant associations by race/ethnicity were found.ConclusionsBreast cancer survivors with depression report poorer patient experiences with care. Further research is needed to understand complexities of ratings of experiences with care among survivors of diverse backgrounds.ImplicationsSurvivors with a recent history of clinical depression may benefit from additional supportive care services.
Underwater image enhancement method based on entropy weight fusion
Authors: Du Xue , Sun Xiujuan , Wang Kunpeng , Yang Junlong , Wang Chuanjiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the absorption and scattering of underwater light, underwater images often have some phenomena such as colorcast, low contrast, and blurred details. Therefore, an underwater image enhancement method based on entropy weight fusion is proposed. First, white balance processing can effectively correct the blue (green) color appearance of the image. Then the white‐balanced images are converted from RGB space to LAB space, and L channel is processed with improved adaptive gamma correction, and then converted back to RGB space. CLAHE and bilateral filtering are performed in RGB space. The RGB space is converted to HSV space, the V channel is processed by single‐scale retinex algorithm combined with guided filtering, stretching the R channel with s‐cosine curve,and then converted back to RGB space. Finally, the three results are fused by entropy weight to obtain the final enhanced image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the contrast and clarity of underwater images, and effectively remove colorcast.
DNA‐Based Nanoprobes for Simultaneous Detection of Telomerase and Correlated Biomolecules
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Fan Zetan , Li Lele , Li Mengyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTelomerase (TE), a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, is enzymatically activated in most tumor cells and is responsible for promoting tumor progression and malignancy by enabling replicative immortality of cancer cells. TE has become an important hallmark for cancer diagnosis and a potential therapy target. Therefore, accurate in situ detection of TE activity, especially the simultaneous imaging of TE activity and its correlated biomolecules, is essential to medical diagnostics and therapeutics. DNA‐based nanoprobes, with their effective cell penetration capability and programmability, are the most advantageous for detection of intracellular TE activity. This concept article introduces the recent strategies for in situ sensing and imaging of TE activity, with a focus on simultaneous detection of TE and related biomolecules, and provides challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies for such correlated imaging.
Silencing of COL3A1 represses proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape of triple negative breast cancer cells via down‐regulating PD‐L1 expression
Authors: Yang Fan , Lin Ling , Li Xiaohua , Wen Ronglan , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study is designed to illuminate the specific role and underlying mechanism of collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to examine mRNA expression of COL3A1. Western blot analysis was employed to determine protein levels of COL3A1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), Bcl‐2, and cleaved caspase‐3. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized for assessing protein expression of Ki67 and COL3A1 in tissues. The proliferous capacity of cells was assessed through CCK‐8 assay and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis and the percentage of CD8+ T cells were measured using flow cytometry. Migration and invasion of TNBC cells were examined via transwell assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured via a LDH assay kit. For establishing a xenograft tumor model, MDA‐MB‐231 cells were injected into the flank of mice through subcutaneous injection. COL3A1 expression was raised in TNBC tissues and cells, and it was inversely associated with overall survival data of TNBC patients. COL3A1 downregulation repressed proliferation, invasion, migration, and immune escape of TNBC cells along with tumor growth of xenograft mice. In TNBC cells and tumor tissues of mice, protein expression of PD‐L1 was reduced by COL3A1 knockdown. COL3A1 knockdown‐mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape were reversed by PD‐L1 upregulation in vitro. Silencing of COL3A1 exerted an antitumor role in TNBC, implying its potential as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Biocatalysis: A smart and green tool for the preparation of chiral drugs
Authors: Rossino Giacomo , Robescu Marina Simona , Licastro Ester , Tedesco Claudia , Martello Ilaria , Maffei Luciana , Vincenti Gregory , Bavaro Teodora , Collina Simona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, biocatalysis has achieved growing interest thanks to its potential to enable high efficiency, high yield, and eco‐friendly processes aimed at the production of pharmacologically relevant compounds. Particularly, biocatalysis proved an effective and potent tool in the preparation of chiral molecules, and the recent innovations of biotechnologies and nanotechnologies open up a new era of further developments in this field. Different strategies are now available for the synthesis of chiral drugs and their intermediates. Enzymes are green tools that offer several advantages, associated both to catalysis and environmentally friendly reactants. Specifically, the use of enzymes isolated from biological sources or of whole‐cell represents a valuable approach to obtain pharmaceutical products. The sustainability, the higher efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness of biocatalytic reactions result in improved performance and properties that can be translated from academia to industry. In this review, we focus on biocatalytic approaches for synthesizing chiral drugs or their intermediates. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of biocatalysis systems, we discuss different examples of innovative biocatalytic approaches and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Niyama: Node scheduling for cloud workloads with resource isolation
Authors: Thiyyakat Meghana , Kalambur Subramaniam , Sitaram Dinkar 
Published: August 2022

SummaryCloud providers place tasks from multiple applications on the same resource pool to improve the resource utilization of the infrastructure. The consequent resource contention has an undesirable effect on latency‐sensitive tasks. In this article, we present Niyama—a resource isolation approach that uses a modified version of deadline scheduling to protect latency‐sensitive tasks from CPU bandwidth contention. Conventionally, deadline scheduling has been used to schedule real‐time tasks with well‐defined deadlines. Therefore, it cannot be used directly when the deadlines are unspecified. In Niyama, we estimate deadlines in intervals and secure bandwidth required for the interval, thereby ensuring optimal job response times. We compare our approach with cgroups: Linux's default resource isolation mechanism used in containers today. Our experiments show that Niyama reduces the average delay in tasks by 3–20 when compared to cgroups. Since Linux's deadline scheduling policy is work‐conserving in nature, there is a small drop in the server‐level CPU utilization when Niyama is used naively. We demonstrate how the use of core reservation and oversubscription in the inter‐node scheduler can be used to offset this drop; our experiments show a 1.3–2.24 decrease in delay in job response time over cgroups while achieving high CPU utilization.
Overprotective parenting experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adolescence and adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruysters Niki Yuen Fen , Pilkington Pamela D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYoung's schema model identifies overprotection as a type of childhood experience associated with early maladaptive schemas. This review evaluated the evidence base examining overprotective parenting as a predictor of schema endorsement in adolescence and adulthood. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021258990). PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched on 5 June 2021 for eligible studies reporting original data on unadjusted association(s) between overprotective parenting and schema endorsement in samples with a mean age of 12 years or older. Studies were excluded if they were not in English or peer reviewed or participants were exposed to an intervention. Meta‐analyses using Meta‐Essentials software examined the relationship between maternal and paternal overprotective parenting with Young's 18 schemas. An adapted version of the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess methodological quality. A total of 16 articles were included. Based on 36 meta‐analyses (Pooled N = 1,496 to 3,218), several schemas demonstrated positive small correlations with maternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.19 [Entitlement] to r = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.43 [Enmeshment]) and paternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.20 [Abandonment] to r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.10, .36 [Enmeshment]). Considerable heterogeneity was detected, but subgroup analyses were not significant. Overall, recollections of overprotective parenting experiences were primarily associated with schemas relating to disconnection and rejection, and impaired autonomy and performance. However, the literature has thus far relied on retrospective measures of parenting, and longitudinal research is needed to establish causality.
Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities
Authors: Fenn‐Moltu Gyda , Ollier Sébastien , Caton Barney , Liebhold Andrew M. , Nahrung Helen , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Turner Rebecca M. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Bertelsmeier Cleo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land, and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, USA, and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. In total, 8939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage, and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.
Diet composition of an escaped captive‐born southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) in a nonnative habitat in Asia
Authors: Sun Nick Ching‐Min , Lin Chung‐Chi , Liang Chun‐Chieh , Li Hou‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies on the role of natural predatory instincts in captive‐born mammalian myrmecophagy are rare. Consequently, researchers rely extensively on case reports to learn more about the contexts in which predatory behavior occurs among such animals. In this study, we recorded an uncommon case of a captive‐born southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) that accidentally escaped from a zoo into a nonnative habitat in Asia. The southern tamandua was found alive 3 months later. Two fresh fecal samples were obtained, and the diet composition was examined. Three termite species (one family, three genera), and 14 ant species (four subfamilies, nine genera) were identified in the fecal samples. The studied southern tamandua preyed on terrestrial and arboreal ants and termites, as the wild populations of its species do. Ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae and termites of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae were the most abundant prey items in the samples, which is consistent with related reports on the wild populations. Soldier ants constituted <1% of the prey items in the fecal samples, suggesting that the southern tamandua likely avoided preying on ants of the soldier caste. Fungus‐growing termites Odontotermes (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae), which are not native to neotropical regions, were also ingested by the southern tamandua. This study provides information on how a captive‐born mammalian myrmecophagy applies its natural feeding instincts in nonnative natural settings.
The main driver of soil organic carbon differs greatly between topsoil and subsoil in a grazing steppe
Authors: Wu Yantao , Guo Zhiwei , Li Zhiyong , Liang Maowei , Tang Yongkang , Zhang Jinghui , Miao Bailing , Wang Lixin , Liang Cuizhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is regulated by a complex interplay of factors such as climate and potential anthropogenic activities. Livestocks play a key role in regulating the C cycle in grasslands. However, the interrelationship between SOC and these drivers remains unclear at different soil layers, and their potential relationships network have rarely been quantitatively assessed. Here, we completed a six‐year manipulation experiment of grazing exclusion (no grazing: NG) and increasing grazing intensity (light grazing: LG, medium grazing: MG, heavy grazing: HG). We tested light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 12 plots along grazing intensity in three soil layers (topsoil: 0–10 cm, mid‐soil: 10–30 cm, subsoil: 30–50 cm) to assess the drivers of SOC. Grazing significantly reduced SOC of the soil profile, but with significant depth and time dependencies. (1) SOC and SOC stability of the topsoil is primarily regulated by grazing duration (years). Specifically, grazing duration and grazing intensity increased the SOC lability of topsoil due to an increase in LFOC. (2) Grazing intensity was the major factor affecting the mid‐soil SOC dynamics, among which MG had significantly lower SOC than did NG. (3) Subsoil organic carbon dynamics were mainly regulated by climatic factors. The increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) may have promoted the turnover of LFOC to HFOC in the subsoil.Synthesis and applications.When evaluating the impacts of grazing on soil organic fraction, we need to consider the differences in sampling depth and the duration of grazing years. Our results highlight that the key factors influencing SOC dynamics differ among soil layers. Climatic and grazing factors have different roles in determining SOC in each soil layer.