bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of contact allergy to corticosteroids in a Danish patient population
Authors: Svendsen Sebastian Vigand , Bach Rasmus Overgaard , Mortz Charlotte G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis to corticosteroids can be a challenging diagnosis as corticosteroids are used in the treatment of dermatitis. The prevalence of contact allergy to corticosteroid varies between previous studies.ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of sensitization to budesonide, tixocortol‐21‐pivalate and hydrocortisone‐17‐butyrate in a Danish patient population from 2006‐2020, cross‐sensitization, risk factors and clinical relevance.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patch test data and MOAHLFA index was performed among 6823 patients consecutively patch tested with TRUE test as part of the baseline series.ResultsA positive patch test for corticosteroids was found in 185 patients (1.2% budesonide, 1.6% tixocortol‐21‐pivalate, 1.0% hydrocortisone‐17‐butyrate) without gender difference. For women, the prevalence of tixocortol‐21‐pivalate sensitization increased significantly from 1.3% in 2006–2008 to 2.9% in 2018–2020. Tixocortol‐21‐pivalate sensitization had more frequently clinical relevance in women (61.3%) compared to men (34.5%). Age above 40 years was positively associated to corticosteroid sensitization. Budesonide and hydrocortisone‐17‐butyrate accounted for 67.7% of co‐sensitizations.ConclusionsThe prevalence of corticosteroid sensitization was 2.7%. Age was the only risk factor for corticosteroid sensitization. The frequency of corticosteroid sensitization was stabile over time except for tixocortol‐21‐pivalate sensitization for women. About one third of sensitized patients had co‐sensitizations to other corticosteroid groups.
Five comparative cohorts to assess the risk of genital tract infections associated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors initiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Zongo Arsène , Minhas‐Sandhu Jasjeet K. , Eurich Dean T. , Shah Baiju R. , Alsabbagh Mhd. Wasem , Gamble John‐Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the association between SGLT‐2 inhibitors initiation and genital tract infections (GTIs) among patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA population‐based cohort study using administrative healthcare data from Alberta, Canada, and primary care data from the UK’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Among new metformin users, we identified new users of SGLT‐2 inhibitors and five active comparator cohorts (new users of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, sulfonylureas (SU), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA), thiazolidinediones (TZD) and insulin). The outcome of interest was a composite GTI outcome. In each cohort, we used high‐dimensional propensity score matching to adjust for confounding and conditional Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HR). We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to combine aggregate data across databases.ResultsThe risk of GTI was higher for SGLT‐2 inhibitors users compared with DPP4inhibitor users (pooled HR 2.68, 95% CI 2.19 3.28), SU users (3.29, 2.62–4.13), GLP1‐RA users (2.51, 1.90–3.31), TZD users (4.17, 2.46–7.08) and insulin users (1.86, 1.27–2.73).ConclusionIn five comparative cohorts, SGLT‐2 inhibitors initiation is associated with a higher risk of GTIs. These findings from real‐world data are consistent with placebo‐controlled randomized controlled trials.
Age‐related changes in self‐reported psychotic experiences in clinical help‐seeking population: From 15 to 45 years
Authors: Chen YingMei , Wang JunJie , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Tang XiaoChen , Hu YeGang , Zhou LinLin , Wang JiJun , Zhang TianHong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsPsychotic experiences differ with age. It is currently unknown whether there were specific patterns and associations between the presentation of psychotic experiences and age. This study aimed to explore age‐related differences (15–45 years) in self‐reported psychotic experiences in a large‐scale clinical population.MethodsA total of 2542 consecutive new patients aged 15–45 years were recruited on their first visit to the Shanghai Mental Health Center and screened with the PRIME Screen–Revised (PS‐R). According to the clinical diagnostic information of patients from their outpatient medical records compiled by their clinicians, four diagnostic categories were applied: 1) psychotic disorder; 2) mood disorder; 3) anxiety disorder and 4) others.ResultsThe PS‐R scores of self‐reported psychotic experiences declined with age, except for two age ranges: ≤18 years for overall sample (≤18 vs. 19–34 years: t = 5.531, df = 2202, p < .001) and 37–40 years for female sample (37–40 vs. >40 years: t = 1.985, df = 138, p = .049), which showed upward trends, contrary to those of others. There were no significant differences in self‐reported psychotic experiences between age groups in patients with psychotic disorders, while significant age differences were found in all nonpsychotic patients.ConclusionThese findings support the view that frequent PS‐R screening demonstrated that psychotic experiences decline with age in the clinical population. Early detection of psychosis should focus on not only adolescents but also women aged >36 years.
Real‐world data on voxelotor to treat patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Muschick Kathryn , Fuqua Tranaka , Stoker‐Postier Carrianne , Anderson Alan R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this single‐center chart review was to quantify the hematologic response and validated reported outcomes with voxelotor treatment.MethodsReal‐world data were collected retrospectively in patients with sickle cell disease (12–70 years old) who were treated with standard‐of‐care procedures. Data were collected before and during voxelotor treatment.ResultsA total of 77 patients with a mean age of 30.4 years were included in the analysis; 30% of patients were children <21 years old. Most patients were female (62%), had a homozygous hemoglobin S (HbSS) genotype (86%), and were treated with concomitant hydroxyurea (HU; 82%). The mean baseline Hb level was 8.3 g/dl, reticulocyte percentage was 11.5%, and total bilirubin was 3.5 mg/dl. The mean duration of voxelotor treatment was 9.7 months (range: 1.9–17 months). Favorable responses to voxelotor treatment and signs of hematologic response after voxelotor treatment included increased Hb levels, decreased reticulocyte percentage, and decreased total bilirubin. In patients treated with concomitant HU, a more robust improvement was noted versus voxelotor alone, suggesting a complementary effect. Recorded adverse events were rare, mild, and self‐limited and resolved with dose modification.ConclusionsHematologic improvements were observed after voxelotor treatment, with a potential additive benefit with concomitant HU treatment.
Psychometric deficits in autoimmune encephalitis: A retrospective study from the Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium
Authors: Griffith Sarah , Wesselingh Robb , Broadley James , O'Shea Marie , Kyndt Chris , Meade Catherine , Long Brian , Seneviratne Udaya , Reidy Natalie , Bourke Robert , Buzzard Katherine , D'Souza Wendyl , Macdonell Richard , Brodtmann Amy , Butzkueven Helmut , O'Brien Terence J. , Alpitsis Rubina , Malpas Charles B. , Monif Mastura ,   Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeDespite the rapid increase in research examining outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients, there are few cohort studies examining cognitive outcomes in this population. The current study aimed to characterise psychometric outcomes in this population, and explore variables that may predict psychometric outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective observational study collected psychometric data from 59 patients across six secondary and tertiary referral centres in metropolitan hospitals in Victoria, Australia between January 2008 and July 2019. Frequency and pattern analysis were employed to define and characterize psychometric outcomes. Univariable logistic regression was performed to examine predictors of intact and pathological psychometric outcomes.ResultsDeficits in psychometric markers of executive dysfunction were the most common finding in this cohort, followed by deficits on tasks sensitive to memory. A total of 54.2% of patients were classified as having psychometric impairments across at least two cognitive domains. Twenty‐nine patterns were observed, suggesting outcomes in AE are complex. None of the demographic data, clinical features or auxiliary examination variables were predictors of psychometric outcome.ConclusionsCognitive outcomes in AE are complex. Further detailed and standardized cognitive testing, in combination with magnetic resonance imaging volumetrics and serum/cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, is required to provide rigorous assessments of disease outcomes.
COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy among people with chronic neurological disorders: A position paper
Authors: Rakusa Martin , Öztürk Serefnur , Moro Elena , Helbok Raimund , Bassetti Claudio L. , Beghi Ettore , Bereczki Daniel , Bodini Benedetta , Di Liberto Giovanni , Jenkins Thomas M. , Macerollo Antonella , Maia Luis F. , Martinelli‐Boneschi Filippo , Pisani Antonio , Priori Alberto , Sauerbier Anna , Soffietti Riccardo , Taba Pille , von Oertzen Tim J. , Zedde Marialuisa , Crean Michael , Burlica Anja , Cavallieri Francesco , Sellner Johann ,   the European Academy of Neurology NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeHealth risks associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are undisputed. Moreover, the capability of vaccination to prevent symptomatic, severe, and fatal COVID‐19 is recognized. There is also early evidence that vaccination can reduce the chance for long COVID‐19. Nonetheless, the willingness to get vaccinated and receive booster shots remains subpar among people with neurologic disorders. Vaccine scepticism not only jeopardizes collective efforts to end the COVID‐19 pandemic but puts individual lives at risk, as some chronic neurologic diseases are associated with a higher risk for an unfavorable COVID‐19 course.MethodsIn this position paper, the NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) summarizes the current knowledge on the prognosis of COVID‐19 among patients with neurologic disease, elucidates potential barriers to vaccination coverage, and formulates strategies to overcome vaccination hesitancy. A survey among the Task Force members on the phenomenon of vaccination hesitancy among people with neurologic disease supports the lines of argumentation.ResultsThe study revealed that people with multiple sclerosis and other nervous system autoimmune disorders are most skeptical of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. The prevailing concerns included the chance of worsening the pre‐existing neurological condition, vaccination‐related adverse events, and drug interaction.ConclusionsThe EAN NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force reinforces the key role of neurologists as advocates of COVID‐19 vaccination. Neurologists need to argue in the interest of their patients about the overwhelming individual and global benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination. Moreover, they need to keep on eye on this vulnerable patient group, its concerns, and the emergence of potential safety signals.
Phenotypical variability and atypical presentations in a French cohort of Andersen–Tawil syndrome
Authors: Villar‐Quiles Rocio Nur , Sternberg Damien , Tredez Grégoire , Beatriz Romero Norma , Evangelista Teresinha , Lafôret Pascal , Cintas Pascal , Sole Guilhem , Sacconi Sabrina , Bendahhou Said , Franques Jérôme , Cances Claude , Noury JB , Delmont Emilien , Blondy Patricia , Perrin Laurence , Hezode Marianne , Fournier Emmanuel , Fontaine Bertrand , Stojkovic Tanya , Vicart Savine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAndersen–Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a skeletal muscle channelopathy caused by KCNJ2 mutations, characterized by a clinical triad of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphism. The muscle phenotype, particularly the atypical forms with prominent permanent weakness or predominantly painful symptoms, remains incompletely characterized.MethodsA retrospective clinical, histological, electroneuromyography (ENMG) and genetic analysis of molecularly confirmed ATS patients, diagnosed and followed up at neuromuscular reference centers in France, was conducted.ResultsThirty‐five patients from 27 unrelated families carrying 17 different missense KCNJ2 mutations (four novel mutations) and a heterozygous KCNJ2 duplication are reported. The typical triad was observed in 42.9% of patients. Cardiac abnormalities were observed in 65.7%: 56.5% asymptomatic and 39.1% requiring antiarrhythmic drugs. 71.4% of patients exhibited dysmorphic features. Muscle symptoms were reported in 85.7%, amongst whom 13.3% had no cardiopathy and 33.3% no dysmorphic features. Periodic paralysis was present in 80% and was significantly more frequent in men. Common triggers were exercise, immobility and carbohydrate‐rich diet. Ictal serum potassium concentrations were low in 53.6%. Of the 35 patients, 45.7% had permanent weakness affecting proximal muscles, which was mild and stable or slowly progressive over several decades. Four patients presented with exercise‐induced pain and myalgia attacks. Diagnostic delay was 14.4 ± 9.5 years. ENMG long‐exercise test performed in 25 patients (71.4%) showed in all a decremental response up to 40%. Muscle biopsy performed in 12 patients revealed tubular aggregates in six patients (associated in two of them with vacuolar lesions), dystrophic features in one patient and non‐specific myopathic features in one patient; it was normal in four patients.DiscussionRecognition of atypical features (exercise‐induced pain or myalgia and permanent weakness) along with any of the elements of the triad should arouse suspicion. The ENMG long‐exercise test has a high diagnostic yield and should be performed. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance to improve disease prognosis.
Classification of antiseizure drugs in cultured neuronal networks using multielectrode arrays and unsupervised learning
Authors: Bryson Alexander , Mendis Dulini , Morrisroe Emma , Reid Christopher A. , Halgamuge Saman , Petrou Steven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAntiseizure drugs (ASDs) modulate synaptic and ion channel function to prevent abnormal hypersynchronous or excitatory activity arising in neuronal networks, but the relationship between ASDs with respect to their impact on network activity is poorly defined. In this study, we first investigated whether different ASD classes exert differential impact upon network activity, and we then sought to classify ASDs according to their impact on network activity.MethodsWe used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to record the network activity of cultured cortical neurons after applying ASDs from two classes: sodium channel blockers (SCBs) and γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor‐positive allosteric modulators (GABA PAMs). A two‐dimensional representation of changes in network features was then derived, and the ability of this low‐dimensional representation to classify ASDs with different molecular targets was assessed.ResultsA two‐dimensional representation of network features revealed a separation between the SCB and GABA PAM drug classes, and could classify several test compounds known to act through these molecular targets. Interestingly, several ASDs with novel targets, such as cannabidiol and retigabine, had closer similarity to the SCB class with respect to their impact upon network activity.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that the molecular target of two common classes of ASDs is reflected through characteristic changes in network activity of cultured neurons. Furthermore, a low‐dimensional representation of network features can be used to infer an ASDs molecular target. This approach may allow for drug screening to be performed based on features extracted from MEA recordings.
Physiological response of Miscanthus genotypes to salinity stress under elevated CO2
Authors: Liang Kehao , Peng Xiaoying , Liu Fulai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMiscanthus is a class of C4 perennial grasses, which can be cultivated on marginal land even with high salinity. However, the future environment may be altered by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and knowledge is limited about the interactive impacts of CO2 enrichment and salinity on this C4 bioenergy crop. In this study, three Miscanthus genotypes (M. sacchariflorus, M. × giganteus, and M. lutarioriparius) were grown under either ambient (400 ppm) [CO2] (a[CO2]) or elevated (800 ppm) [CO2] (e[CO2]) at five salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm NaCl denoted as S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively), and the impacts of e[CO2] on plant physiological responses to salt stress were investigated. Our results suggested that e[CO2] had no obvious effect on net photosynthetic rate (An), but significantly reduced the stomatal conductance (gs), thus improving water use efficiency regardless of salinity levels. In addition, e[CO2] could improve water potential of plants under both control and saline conditions, but the magnitude of increase was highly genotypic dependent. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was not altered by e[CO2], which, however, could alleviate the negative effect of salt on Fv/Fm. Furthermore, salt stress increased the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in xylem sap and leaves, while the effect of e[CO2] on ABA level was closely associated with genotypes. e[CO2] reduced Na+ concentration and had positive influences on maintaining Na+/K+ ratio, thus favoring ionic homeostasis, although such effect was genotype dependent. Collectively, our data suggested that e[CO2] could partially mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity, conferring higher salt tolerance of Miscanthus.
Comparing the effects of horse grazing alone or with cattle on horse parasitism and vegetation use in a mesophile pasture
Authors: Fleurance Géraldine , Sallé Guillaume , Lansade Léa , Wimel Laurence , Dumont Bertrand 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMixing different herbivore species is assumed to increase vegetation use because of the complementarity of their feeding choices and to reduce animal parasite burden through the dilution effect. Here, we compare the effects of mixed horse‐cattle grazing and monospecific horse grazing (1.4 LU/ha) on animal foraging behaviour, sward characteristics and horse parasitism in a mesophile grassland of central France. In both treatments, animals were stocked alternately on two subplots with rotation lengths between 15 and 21 days according to season. The horses quickly acclimated to the cattle, and very few agonistic interactions were observed between them. All the horses selected short (≤4 cm) and intermediate (5–8 cm) high‐quality regrowths and avoided reproductive and dead herbage areas contaminated by their faeces as a consequence of their latrine behaviour. Cattle, which are more constrained by plant height, selected intermediate and tall vegetative swards. However, the alternate stocking of animals also provided them with high‐quality regrowth on the shortest patches. Consequently, the cattle used these short patches proportionally to their availability while avoiding reproductive and dead herbage areas. We assume this limited their consumption of infective cyathostome larvae, which are concentrated close to horse dung. Moreover, co‐grazing horses and cattle did not reduce sward structural heterogeneity and thus did not enhance overall herbage quality. We conclude that rather than considering mixed grazing as a turn‐key solution, its management needs to be adapted to support the complementarity of horse and cattle dietary choices and thus provide the expected benefits of multi‐species grazing.
Working with style: Black women, black hair, and professionalism
Authors: Donahoo Saran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFocusing on Black women, this study considers hair as an element of professionalism. As with other elements of Black life, White culture and beauty norms influence the professional expectations placed on Black hair. Within this context, this study features responses from 22 Black women related to hairstyling when job searching, the influence that hair has on their work experiences, attempts by others to control their hair, and their efforts to wear the hairstyles of their choice in the workplace. Responses indicate that hair is an ever‐present issue for Black women as they look for and perform their assigned duties at work. Fear of negative professional outcomes and constant microagressions lead Black women to consider and even adopt hairstyles that emulate White beauty norms and professional expectations.
Pain, depression and anxiety in people with haemophilia from three Nordic countries: Cross‐sectional survey data from the MIND study
Authors: Steen Carlsson Katarina , Winding Bent , Astermark Jan , Baghaei Fariba , Brodin Elisabeth , Funding Eva , Holmström Margareta , Österholm Klaus , Bergenstråle Sofia , Andersson Emelie , Lethagen Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilia (PwH) may experience symptoms of haemophilia‐related pain, depression or anxiety, which can negatively impact health‐related quality of life.AimTo obtain the perspective of PwH and treaters from Sweden, Finland and Denmark on the management of haemophilia‐related pain, depression and anxiety using cross‐sectional survey data from the MIND study (NCT03276130).MethodsPwH or their caregivers completed a survey about experiences of pain, depression and anxiety related to haemophilia, and the standard EQ‑5D‐5L instrument. Five investigators at haemophilia treatment centres (HTC) were sent a complementary survey containing questions about the management of pain and depression/anxiety.ResultsThere were 343 PwH (mild: 103; moderate: 53; severe: 180; seven lacking severity information) and 71 caregiver responses. Experience of pain in the last 6 months was reported by 50% of PwH respondents and 46% of caregiver respondents. Anxiety/depression was reported by 28% of PwH respondents. Reporting of pain and anxiety/depression was associated with disease severity. Whilst 62% of PwH who had experienced pain at any time point (n = 242) felt this was adequately addressed and treated at their HTC, only 24% of those who had experienced depression/anxiety (n = 127) felt this was adequately addressed. Disease severity was negatively associated with EQ‐5D‐5L utility value (p < .001). In the HTC survey, 4/5 and 2/5 agreed that pain and depression/anxiety, respectively, are adequately addressed.ConclusionsPain and depression/anxiety occur more frequently with increasing haemophilia severity, with negative impacts on health‐related quality of life. PwH with depression/anxiety or unaddressed pain could benefit from improved management strategies.