bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 predicts premature death in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Kraler Simon , Wenzl Florian A , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Obeid Slayman , Liberale Luca , von Eckardstein Arnold , Muller Olivier , Mach François , Räber Lorenz , Losdat Sylvain , Schmiady Martin O , Stellos Konstantinos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Camici Giovanni G , Srdic Annie , Paneni Francesco , Akhmedov Alexander , Lüscher Thomas F 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThe lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and its shedding product [soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1)] are implicated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) pathogenesis. Herein, we examined the relationship of sLOX-1 with both fatal events and plaque progression in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Methods and resultsPlasma sLOX-1 was assessed at baseline in ACS and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients prospectively recruited in the multicentre SPUM-ACS study, with sex- and age-matched healthy subjects serving as additional controls (n = 2924). Compared with both CCS and controls, ACS patients showed markedly elevated sLOX-1 levels (median, 2.00 and 2.00 vs. 35.08 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001) which were independently associated with increased mortality risk over 30-day [tertile (T)3: adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–10.61; P = 0.0055] and 1-year intervals (T3: adjusted HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.19–3.92; P = 0.0098). Results remained consistent after adjustment for GRACE 2.0 (T3: adjusted HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.04–3.74; P = 0.0391) and were primarily driven by the pronounced relationship of sLOX-1 with cardiovascular mortality at 30 days (T3: adjusted HR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.62–19.62; P = 0.0036) and at 1 year (T3: adjusted HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.19–5.34; P = 0.0148). In ACS patients undergoing serial intracoronary imaging and statin therapy, sLOX-1 dropped significantly in those with coronary plaque regression at 1 year (ΔsLOX-1: −4.64 ± 1.80; P = 0.0057), and showed a good discrimination for predicting plaque progression (area under the curve = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.86; P = 0.0031).ConclusionPlasma sLOX-1 levels are increased during ACS and predict fatal events beyond traditional and emerging risk factors. Persistently high sLOX-1 associates with coronary plaque progression in patients with established ASCVD.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT01000701.
Upscaling and downscaling Monte Carlo ensembles with generative models
Authors: Scheiter Matthias , Valentine Andrew , Sambridge Malcolm 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYMonte Carlo methods are widespread in geophysics and have proved to be powerful in non-linear inverse problems. However, they are associated with significant practical challenges, including long calculation times, large output ensembles of Earth models, and difficulties in the appraisal of the results. This paper addresses some of these challenges using generative models, a family of tools that have recently attracted much attention in the machine learning literature. Generative models can, in principle, learn a probability distribution from a set of given samples and also provide a means for rapid generation of new samples which follow that approximated distribution. These two features make them well suited for application to the outputs of Monte Carlo algorithms. In particular, training a generative model on the posterior distribution of a Bayesian inference problem provides two main possibilities. First, the number of parameters in the generative model is much smaller than the number of values stored in the ensemble, leading to large compression rates. Secondly, once trained, the generative model can be used to draw any number of samples, thereby eliminating the dependence on an often large and unwieldy ensemble. These advantages pave new pathways for the use of Monte Carlo ensembles, including improved storage and communication of the results, enhanced calculation of numerical integrals, and the potential for convergence assessment of the Monte Carlo procedure. Here, these concepts are initially demonstrated using a simple synthetic example that scales into higher dimensions. They are then applied to a large ensemble of shear wave velocity models of the core–mantle boundary, recently produced in a Monte Carlo study. These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of using generative models to approximate posterior ensembles, and indicate directions to address various challenges in Monte Carlo inversion.
Eicosatetraynoic Acid and Butyrate Regulate Human Intestinal Organoid Mitochondrial and Extracellular Matrix Pathways Implicated in Crohn’s Disease Strictures
Authors: Jurickova Ingrid , Bonkowski Erin , Angerman Elizabeth , Novak Elizabeth , Huron Alex , Akers, Grayce , Iwasawa Kentaro , Braun Tzipi , Hadar Rotem , Hooker Maria , Han Sarah , Cutler David J , Okou David T , Kugathasan Subra , Jegga Anil , Wells James , Takebe Takanori , Mollen Kevin P , Haberman Yael , Denson Lee A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Perturbagen analysis of Crohn’s disease (CD) ileal gene expression data identified small molecules including eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), which may exert an antifibrotic effect. We developed a patient-specific human intestinal organoid (HIO) model system to test small molecule regulation of mitochondrial and wound-healing functions implicated in stricturing behavior.

Methods
HIOs were made from CD induced pluripotent stem cells with and without a loss-of-function haplotype in the DUOX2 gene implicated in ileal homeostasis and characterized under basal conditions and following exposure to butyrate and ETYA using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent and polarized light microscopy. Mitochondrial activity was measured using high-resolution respirometry and tissue stiffness using atomic force microscopy.

Results
HIOs expressed core mitochondrial and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and enriched biologic functions implicated in CD ileal strictures; ECM gene expression was suppressed by both butyrate and ETYA, with butyrate also suppressing genes regulating epithelial proliferation. Consistent with this, butyrate, but not ETYA, exerted a profound effect on HIO epithelial mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production, and cellular abundance. Butyrate and ETYA suppressed HIO expression of alpha smooth muscle actin expressed by myofibroblasts, type I collagen, and collagen protein abundance. HIOs exhibited tissue stiffness comparable to normal human ileum; this was reduced by chronic ETYA exposure in HIOs carrying the DUOX2 loss-of-function haplotype.

Conclusions
ETYA regulates ECM genes implicated in strictures and suppresses collagen content and tissue stiffness in an HIO model. HIOs provide a platform to test personalized therapeutics, including small molecules prioritized by perturbagen analysis.
Comparing Effectiveness of a Generic Oral Nutritional Supplement With Specialized Formula in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Dawson R , Wands D I F , Logan M , Bremner G , Efklides S , Benn L , Henderson P , Grant H , Meredith J , Armstrong K , Wilson D C , Gerasimidis K , Alex G , Russell R K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the recommended induction treatment of mild to moderate active pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). This study compared outcomes of 2 proprietary polymeric formulas. Treatment effectiveness was examined along with practical aspects of formula delivery and differences in estimated treatment costs.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from patients with CD who received a generic oral nutritional supplement (Fortisip) across 2 centers (RCH, Melbourne and RHSC, Edinburgh). This was compared with a prospective cohort (RHC, Glasgow) that used a specialized formula (Modulen IBD). The data collected included patient demographics, remission rates, biochemical markers, administration method, and anthropometrics. The estimated treatment cost was performed by comparing price per kcal between each formula.

Results
One hundred seventy-one patients were included (106 Fortisip, 65 Modulen IBD, 70 female; median age 13.3 yrs). No difference was demonstrated in remission rate (Fortisip n = 67 of 106 [63%] vs Modulen IBD n = 41 of 64 [64%], P = .89), nonadherence rate (Fortisip n = 7 of 106 [7%] vs Modulen IBD 3 of 64 [5%], P = .57) or method of administration (NGT Fortisip use n = 16 of 106 [12%] vs Modulen IBD 14 of 65 [22%]; P = .31). There was no difference in reduction of biochemical disease markers between the groups (C-reactive protein , P = .13; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, P = .49; fecal calprotectin, P = .94). However, there was a cost-saving of around £500/patient/course if the generic oral nutritional supplement was used.

Conclusions
The generic oral nutritional supplement and specialized formulas both had similar clinical effectiveness in induction of remission in pediatric CD. However, there is considerable cost-saving when using a generic oral nutritional supplement.
A Dynamical Analogue of Sen’s Theorem
Authors: Adams Ophelia M S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the higher ramification structure of dynamical branch extensions and propose a connection between the natural dynamical filtration and the filtration arising from the higher ramification groups: each member of the former should, after a linear change of index, coincide with a member of the latter. This is an analogue of Sen’s theorem on ramification in $p$-adic Lie extensions. By explicitly calculating the Hasse–Herbrand functions of such branch extensions, we are able to show that this description is accurate for some families of polynomials, in particular post-critically bounded polynomials of $p$-power degree. We apply our results to give a partial answer to a question of Berger [8] and a partial answer to a question about wild ramification in arboreal extensions of number fields [1, 9].
On the Wall-Crossing Formula for Quadratic Differentials
Authors: Allegretti Dylan G L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We prove an analytic version of the Kontsevich–Soibelman wall-crossing formula describing how the number of finite-length trajectories of a quadratic differential jumps as the differential is varied. We characterize certain birational automorphisms of an algebraic torus appearing in this wall-crossing formula using Fock–Goncharov coordinates. As an application, we compute the Stokes automorphisms for the Voros symbols appearing in the exact WKB analysis of Schrödinger’s equation.
The Effect of Contraception on Genital Cytokines in Women Randomized to Copper Intrauterine Device, Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, or Levonorgestrel Implant
Authors: Tanko Ramla F , Bunjun Rubina , Dabee Smritee , Jaumdally Shameem Z , Onono Maricianah , Nair Gonasagrie , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Harryparsad Rushil , Happel Anna Ursula , Gamieldien Hoyam , Qumbelo Yamkela , Sinkala Musalula , Scoville Caitlin W , Heller Kate , Baeten Jared M , Bosinger Steven E , Burgener Adam , Heffron Renee , Jaspan Heather B , Passmore Jo Ann S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The ECHO trial randomized women to intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), levonorgestrel implant (LNG-implant), or copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD). In a substudy of the ECHO trial, we tested the hypothesis that contraceptives influence genital inflammation by comparing cervicovaginal cytokine changes following contraception initiation. In addition, we compared cytokine profiles in women who acquired HIV (cases) versus those remaining HIV negative (controls).

Methods
Women (n = 251) from South Africa and Kenya were included. Twenty-seven cervicovaginal cytokines were measured by Luminex at baseline, and 1 and 6 months after contraceptive iTanko et alnitiation. In addition, cytokines were measured preseroconversion in HIV cases (n = 25) and controls (n = 100).

Results
At 6 months after contraceptive initiation, women using Cu-IUD had increased concentrations of 25/27 cytokines compared to their respective baseline concentrations. In contrast, women initiating DMPA-IM and LNG-implant did not experience changes in cervicovaginal cytokines. Preseroconversion concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, previously associated with HIV risk, correlated with increased HIV risk in a logistic regression analysis, although not significantly after correcting for multiple comparisons. Adjusting for contraceptive arm did not alter these results.

Conclusions
Although Cu-IUD use broadly increased cervicovaginal cytokine concentrations at 6 months postinsertion, these inflammatory changes were found not to be a significant driver of HIV risk.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02550067.
61 Sheep Grazier's Workshops Improve Producer Understanding of Important Production Practices
Authors: Rogers Johnny R , Poore Matt H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three workshops were held to increase producer awareness of new production practices and opportunities for sheep production. These events were coordinated by Amazing Grazing with the assistance of county livestock agents. All workshops included classroom and breakout sessions featuring hands-on activities. In September 2016, the first sheep-focused workshop was held at the E. Carroll Joyner Beef Education Unit in Raleigh. Topics included opportunities for sheep production, ram selection, marketing, using temporary electric fence, grazing management to improve soil health, grazing sheep in solar farms and health management. The 2017 event was held in May at the Western NC Regional Livestock Center near Canton. Producers learned about opportunities for sheep production, improved grazing management, sheep marketing and fencing options. The Piedmont Research Station near Salisbury served as the location for the 2018 workshop. The agenda featured hoof health management and pre-breeding nutrition management, improving forage systems, breeding stock selection, pasture improvement cost-share programs and hoof trimming. Total registration was 132 with 83 evaluations completed. Participants were 60% male and 40% female with 57% being over age 50. Total pasture hectares grazed by participants was 886 with 97 ha as hay. Livestock inventories totaled 2,183 sheep, 733 goats, 720 beef cattle and 99 horses. A few participants had no livestock but were gathering information for future ventures. Post-workshop evaluation indicated 100% of attendees increased understanding of each major agenda topic. On a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = not satisfied to 4 = very satisfied), participants indicated they were very satisfied with the instructors’ knowledge (3.80±0.45), workshop environment/format (3.68±0.58), and overall quality (3.78±0.44). Ninety-seven percent of the attendees indicated that this workshop met their expectations, and one hundred percent would recommend it to others. Producer responses indicate a growing interest in sheep/goat production and a need for practical education programs.
4 Conversion to an Online Delivery Method for the Tennessee Master Horse Program
Authors: Main Sawyer , Melvin Kelly , Self Ashley , Rostad Delaney R , Ivey Jennie L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Functional Extension programming for equine owners and business operators brings unique challenges when compared to other commodity producers. The initial Tennessee Master Horse Program (TMHP) curriculum and delivery method was modeled from other successful Extension programs using a county-based, in-person training model; however, implementation of county-level offerings of the TMHP for 4 years only yielded 218 participants. Thus, our objective was to pilot a new online program format for the TMHP and to assess participant feedback to dictate future programming efforts. Data were analyzed using STATA SE 16.1 and all results are reported as mean ± SD. The THMP was hosted by the state Equine Extension Program within the Google Classroom platform and contained 12 synchronous webinars with successive recordings, 3 scenarios for participant response, 10 question submission assignments, and 14 opportunities to explore outside resources pertaining to topic areas. Topics covered included responsible horse ownership, pasture management, nutrition, forages, waste management, health and diseases, economics, and equine training programs. Total participants (n = 201) from 12 states were reached, with 162 ± 29 (min=110, max=201) live attendees each week and 35 ± 4.1 (min=15, max=61) views per recorded YouTube video. During live sessions, 56 ± 18 (min=21, max=75) questions were asked and answered, and an additional 82 ± 35 (min=43, max=140) questions per week were submitted in the Google Classroom. In the final TMHP evaluation survey, 99% (n = 95) of respondents indicated they would recommend this training to others, which may be due to highly satisfactory ratings for speakers (4.54 ± 0.15 on a 1 to 5 scale, min=1, max=5) from participants. These results indicate a high acceptance rate among participants and that an online delivery method could be an effective approach for conducting and expanding the scope of future TMHP offerings.
113 Cannabidiol Supplementation and Physiological Response in Transported Horses
Authors: Turner Paxton L , Guay Kim A , Jones Trinette , Cohen Lori , Elwonger Faith , Van Geem Renata , Smith William B , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With traveling between competition use, breeding purposes, relocation to new owners; horses are the most transported animals of domesticated species. Transportation can lead to higher stress levels therefore impairing the immunological response. With an increase in stress, horses can experience illness, dehydration, abnormal feeding behavior, injuries, or negative stereotypic behaviors. Cannabidiol (CBD) supplementation has suggested the possibility in the reduction of anxiety and lessening impairment to immunity. The objective of this study was to determine if oral supplementation of CBD oil mediated physiological response to transportation. Six geldings were used in a switchback experimental design. Horses were housed in 11’x14’ stalls containing cameras to monitor feed and water intake and behavior. A control dose of olive oil (n = 4) or CBD oil (0.6 mg/kg BW; n = 3) was administered for five days. On day 7, horses were transported for three hours in groups of three. Variables measured included plasma cortisol, blood lactate, rectal temperature, and thermography imaging. Measurements were taken prior to transport, immediately following transport, and 24h post transportation. Horses underwent a 3-week washout period before returning to stalls. Control and treatment doses were switched between horses before repeating the experiment. Data were analyzed in R Studio© for analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. There were no differences shown upon analysis in cortisol levels (P = 0.646), blood lactate levels (P = 0.560) or rectal body temperatures (P = 0.347). While oral supplementation of CBD oil may reduce stressors, further studies are needed to determine if CBD affects physiological response to transportation.
71 Infusing Animal Science Curricula with Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Garrison M E Betsy , Daniel Annie , Wiersma-Mosley Jacquelyn , Williams Cathy , Crosswhite Mellissa , Caldwell Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increasingly, universities across the United States are expecting their undergraduate programs to meet, not only, discipline-specific, knowledge content learning outcomes, but also, soft skills and general education objectives, as well. It is not unusual today that outcomes about diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) are found in either or both program-level and general education learning objectives, including capstone courses. Cultural intelligence is an effective approach to accomplish DEI goals. The purpose of the presentation is two-fold: (1) to discuss the empirical evidence about increasing cultural intelligence in academic programs outside of animal science and (2) the transference of that work into animal science. Curricula to foster cultural intelligence among students includes focusing on deep cultural awareness (implicit biases, privileges and prejudices), diversity education (guest speakers, textbooks, documentaries), and high-impact educational experiences. One of the best strategies is ensuring that all courses are taught by culturally intelligent educators. Increasing a single aspect of cultural intelligence, particularly cultural awareness, improves the environment for students from underrepresented populations which leads to better retention and graduation rates. Five teaching modules with multiple lessons within each, were developed, based on a five-level, progressive model of cultural intelligence, beginning with cultural awareness and ending with cultural proficiency, to infuse into animal science curricula. The first module comprises a basic understanding of cultural concepts and recognizing cultural implications of behavior. The second module comprises elements of culture and their impact on human behavior, including animal care. The third module comprises an integration of cultural knowledge. The fourth module involves social and economic contexts. The fifth module involves negotiating across culture and an intrinsic desire for inclusivity. The presentation will be interactive: the lessons will be demonstrated; assessments developed shared; and the faculty and graduate teaching assistant training sessions experienced. Today’s employment-ready graduates must be culturally intelligent to be able to think critically and solve complex problems in an increasingly diverse and global workplace.
Church as NGO? Leveraging Religious Networks to Promote Health Rights for Urban-Displaced Refugees—Lessons from Tanzania
Authors: Tippens Julie A , Tewodros Amleset , Miamidian Helen M , Kohel Kara , Otieno Alex 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human rights practice is of particular importance to addressing health disparities among forcibly displaced groups. Older refugees in low- and middle-income countries may be socially and structurally vulnerable to poor health related to human rights abuses, xenophobia, and inadequate resources compounded with ageism and isolation. In this policy and practice note, we use findings from a phenomenological study with 23 older Congolese refugees in urban Tanzania to explore the role of religious institutions to improve the health and wellbeing of older urban-displaced adults. Older refugees described how religious networks fostered spiritual support and guidance, enhanced social support and friendship, and provided opportunities to receive material and informational support. We consider how these narratives of support embedded within religious networks can reconfigure the role(s) of third sector/civil society (that is nongovernmental organizations [NGOs], nonprofit agencies) in urban humanitarian settings. We address possible strengths and challenges of including faith communities and actors in humanitarianism, outlining how such collaborative efforts could adhere to human rights tenets. Finally, we note how qualitative inquiry such as phenomenology is aligned with human rights in seeking to uphold human dignity and that these data, therefore, have special relevance in informing human rights praxis.