bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandispositionalism and the metaphysics of powers
Authors: Kimpton-Nye Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome philosophers maintain that physical properties are irreducibly modal: that properties are powers. Powers are then employed to provide explanations of other phenomena of philosophical interest such as laws of nature and modality. There is, however, a dispute among powers theorists about how far the powers ontology extends: are all manner of properties at all levels of fundamentality powers or are powers only to be found among the fundamental properties? This paper argues that the answer to this question depends on the details of the metaphysics of powers. More specifically, this paper argues that if one understands powers as qualitative grounds of dispositions (call this qualitative dispositional essentialism), as opposed to properties whose essences are constituted by dispositions (as orthodox dispositional essentialists would have it), then all properties, be they fundamental or macro, are powers, i.e., pandispositionalism is true. The Conclusion: If qualitative dispositional essentialism is true, then pandispositionalism is true, is significant because there is increasing concern that orthodox dispositional essentialism is explanatorily deficient and perhaps even incoherent, meaning that qualitative dispositional essentialism is gaining increasing support in the literature on powers. All things considered, then, it is beginning to look more likely that pandispositionalism is true simpliciter.
A PBPK model to evaluate zebrafish eleutheroembryos’ actual exposure: bisphenol A and analogs’ (AF, F, and S) case studies
Authors: Billat Pierre-André , Brochot Céline , Brion François , Beaudouin Rémy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The zebrafish eleutheroembryo model is increasingly used to assess the toxicity and developmental adverse effects of xenobiotics. However, the actual exposure is seldom measured (poorly accessible), while a predictive model could estimate these concentrations. The predictions with a new eleutheroembryo physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model have been evaluated using datasets obtained from literature data for several bisphenols. The model simulated the toxicokinetics of bisphenols A (BPA), AF, F, and S through the eleutheroembryo tissues while considering the body and organ growth. We further improved the predictions by adding dynamic flows through the embryo and/or its chorion, impact of experimental temperature, metabolic clearance, and saturation of the absorption by Bayesian calibration. The model structure was determined using the BPA dataset and generalized to the other bisphenols. This model revealed the central role of the chorion in the compound uptake in the first 48 h post-fertilization. The predictions for the BPA substitutes estimated by our PBPK model were compared to available toxicokinetics data for zebrafish embryos, and 63% and 88% of them were within a twofold and fivefold error intervals of the corresponding experimental values, respectively. This model provides a tool to design new eleutheroembryo assays and evaluate the actual exposure.

Graphical abstract
Quantifying the 3D structure and function of porosity and pore space in natural sediment flocs
Authors: Lawrence T. J. , Carr S. J. , Wheatland J. A. T. , Manning A. J. , Spencer K. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeFlocculated cohesive suspended sediments (flocs) play an important role in all aquatic environments, facilitating the transport and deposition of sediment and associated contaminants with consequences for aquatic health, material fluxes, and morphological evolution. Accurate modelling of the transport and behaviour of these sediments is critical for a variety of activities including fisheries, aquaculture, shipping, and waste and pollution management and this requires accurate measurement of the physical properties of flocs including porosity.MethodsDespite the importance of understanding floc porosity, measurement approaches are indirect or inferential. Here, using μCT, a novel processing and analysis protocol, we directly quantify porosity in natural sediment flocs. For the first time, the complexity of floc pore spaces is observed in 3-dimensions, enabling the identification and quantification of important pore space and pore network characteristics, namely 3D pore diameter, volume, shape, tortuosity, and connectivity.ResultsWe report on the complexity of floc pore space and differentiate effective and isolated pore space enabling new understanding of the hydraulic functioning of floc porosity. We demonstrate that current methodological approaches are overestimating floc porosity by c. 30%.ConclusionThese new data have implications for our understanding of the controls on floc dynamics and the function of floc porosity and can improve the parameterisation of current cohesive sediment transport models.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing and Case Rates Among Women Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Keddem Shimrit , Maier Marissa , Gardella Carolyn , Borgerding Joleen , Lowy Elliott , Chartier Maggie , Haskell Sally , Hauser Ronald G. , Beste Lauren A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
United States (US) rates of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, especially gonorrhea and chlamydia, have increased over the past decade. Women Veterans may be at increased risk for STIs due to high rates of sexual trauma. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic tests and evidence-based guidelines for annual screening among sexually active women under age 25, screening rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia remain low in the US and among Veterans.

Objective
To examine patient characteristics and health system factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and case rates among women Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in 2019.

Design
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all women Veterans in VHA care between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019.

Participants
Women Veteran patients were identified as receiving VHA care if they had at least one inpatient admission or outpatient visit in 2019 or the preceding calendar year.

Key Results
Among women under age 25, 21.3% were tested for gonorrhea or chlamydia in 2019. After adjusting for demographic and other health factors, correlates of testing in women under age 25 included Black race (aOR: 2.11, CI: 1.89, 2.36), rural residence (aOR: 0.84, CI: 0.74, 0.95), and cervical cancer screening (aOR: 5.05, CI: 4.59, 5.56). Women under age 25 had the highest infection rates, with an incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhea of 1,950 and 267 cases/100,000, respectively. Incidence of gonorrhea and chlamydia was higher for women with a history of military sexual trauma (MST) (chlamydia case rate: 265, gonorrhea case rate: 97/100,000) and those with mental health diagnoses (chlamydia case rate: 263, gonorrhea case rate: 72/100,000.)

Conclusions
Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing remains underutilized among women in VHA care, and infection rates are high among younger women. Patient-centered, system-level interventions are urgently needed to address low testing rates.
Impact of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Psychological Well-Being, Cortisol, and Inflammation in Women Veterans
Authors: Saban Karen L. , Collins Eileen G. , Mathews Herbert L. , Bryant Fred B. , Tell Dina , Gonzalez Beverly , Bhoopalam Sudha , Chroniak Christopher P. , Janusek Linda Witek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Women veterans experience higher levels of stress-related symptoms than their civilian counterparts. Psychological stress is associated with greater inflammation and may increase risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been found to improve psychological well-being in other populations but no randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted examining the impact of MBSR on well-being and inflammation in women veterans at risk for CVD.

Objective
Determine the effectiveness of MBSR in improving psychological well-being, cortisol, and inflammation associated with CVD in women veterans.

Design
The design is a RCT comparing MBSR to an active control condition (ACC) consisting of a health education program.

Participants
Women veterans (N=164) with risk factors for CVD from the Chicagoland area participated in the study.

Intervention
An 8-week MBSR program with weekly 2.5-h classes was compared to an ACC consisting of an 8-week health promotion education program with weekly 2.5-h classes.

Main Measures
The outcomes were psychological well-being [perceived stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] symptoms and stress-related markers, including diurnal salivary cortisol and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Data were collected at baseline, 4 weeks (mid-point of intervention), 8 weeks (completion of intervention), and 6 months after completion of MBSR or ACC.

Key Results
Compared to the ACC, women who participated in MBSR reported less perceived stress, loneliness, and symptoms of PTSD. Although there were no significant differences between groups or changes over time in IL-6 or IFN-γ, participants in the MBSR program demonstrated a more rapid decline in diurnal salivary cortisol as compared to those in the ACC.

Conclusions
MBSR was found to improve psychological well-being and decrease diurnal salivary cortisol in women veterans at risk for CVD. Health care providers may consider MBSR for women veterans as a means by which to improve their psychological well-being.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 and Pandemic-Related Stress on the Mental and Physical Health of Women Veterans
Authors: Iverson Katherine M. , Dardis Christina M. , Cowlishaw Sean , Webermann Aliya R. , Shayani Danielle R. , Dichter Melissa E. , Mitchell Karen S. , Mattocks Kristin M. , Gerber Megan R. , Portnoy Galina R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about women veterans’ intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic or the impacts of pandemic-related stress on their mental and physical health.ObjectivesTo identify IPV experiences among women veterans prior to and during the pandemic, pandemic-related stressors, and examine their respective contributions to mental and physical health.DesignNational sample of women veterans drawn from a larger web-based longitudinal study. Relationships between recent IPV and pandemic-related stressors were tested with linear regressions, controlling for pre-pandemic IPV and mental and physical health symptoms, demographic, and military-related covariates.ParticipantsOne hundred forty-two women veterans (Mage=58.8 years).Main MeasuresWe assessed IPV (CTS-2), PTSD (PCL-5), depression (CESD), anxiety (DASS-A), physical health (PHQ-15), and physical health–related quality of life (SF-12) prior to the pandemic (June 2016–December 2016/January 2017) and during the pandemic study period (March 2020–December 2020/January 2021). We assessed pandemic-related stressors (EPII) during the pandemic study period.Key ResultsOver a third (38.7%) of participants experienced IPV during the pandemic study period (psychological: 35.9%, physical: 9.9%, sexual: 4.2%). Overall rates, frequency, and severity of IPV experience did not significantly differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic study periods. Few participants tested positive for COVID-19 (4.2%); however, most participants reported experiencing pandemic-related stressors across life domains (e.g., social activities: 88%, physical health: 80.3%, emotional health: 68.3%). IPV during the pandemic and pandemic-related stressors were both associated with greater PTSD and depressive symptoms. Pandemic-related stressors were associated with worse anxiety and physical health symptoms. Neither IPV during the pandemic nor pandemic-related stressors were associated with physical health–related quality of life.ConclusionsIPV experiences during the pandemic were common among women veterans, as were pandemic-related stressors. Although IPV did not increase in the context of COVID-19, IPV experiences during the pandemic and pandemic-related stressors were linked with poorer mental and physical health.
Mental Health Beliefs, Access, and Engagement with Military Sexual Trauma–Related Mental Health Care
Authors: McLean Caitlin L. , Turchik Jessica A. , Kimerling Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Mental health beliefs, such as stigma or secondary victimization, have been identified as possible barriers to care; however, it is unclear whether such beliefs impact receiving care.

Objective
To assess if mental health beliefs impact MST-related mental health care access and engagement.

Design
Veterans completed a survey following detection of MST. Survey data were linked to Veteran's Health Administration administrative data in order to examine associations with outpatient MST-related care in the year following MST detection.

Participants
A national sample of women and men Veterans (N = 1,185) with newly detected MST who reported a perceived need for MST-related mental health treatment.

Main Measures
Building on prior work that identified four latent classes of mental health beliefs (Hahn et al., J Trauma Stress 34:394–404, 2020; low barrier, stigma-related beliefs, negative perceptions of care, high barrier), we examined associations with outpatient mental health care indicated by a provider as related to MST. Care was examined in total, as well as the specific categories of medication management, individual psychotherapy, and group psychotherapy.

Key Results
Access to care following MST detection was high: most (71.6%) Veterans had an MST-related mental health visit within 30 days, and nearly all (83.6%) within 180 days, with the median number of days to receiving care being 2. Negative perceptions of care predicted a lower likelihood of treatment engagement (3+ encounters) with MST-related individual psychotherapy (OR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.43–0.96)), whereas the stigma-related beliefs and high barrier classes did not.

Conclusions
There appears to be excellent access to mental health care among Veterans with a perceived need for MST-related mental health treatment. However, treatment beliefs that represented negative perceptions of care may serve as barriers to engagement. Interventions targeting negative perceptions of care during early encounters could help promote subsequent engagement.
Gynecologist Supply Deserts Across the VA and in the Community
Authors: Friedman Sarah , Shaw Jonathan G. , Hamilton Alison B. , Vinekar Kavita , Washington Donna L. , Mattocks Kristin , Yano Elizabeth M. , Phibbs Ciaran S. , Johnson Amanda M. , Saechao Fay , Berg Eric , Frayne Susan M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Veterans Health Administration (VA) refers patients to community providers for specialty services not available on-site. However, community-level specialist shortages may impede access to care.

Objective
Compare gynecologist supply in veterans’ county of residence versus at their VA site.

Design
We identified women veteran VA patients from fiscal year (FY) 2017 administrative data and assessed availability of a VA gynecologist within 50 miles (hereafter called “local”) of veterans’ VA homesites (per national VA organizational survey data). For the same cohort, we then assessed community-level gynecologist availability; counties with < 2 gynecologists/10,000 women (per the Area Health Resource File) were “inadequate-supply” counties. We examined the proportion of women veterans with local VA gynecologist availability in counties with inadequate versus adequate gynecologist supply, stratified by individual and VA homesite characteristics. Chi-square tests assessed statistical differences.

Participants
All women veteran FY2017 VA primary care users nationally.

Main Measures
Availability of a VA gynecologist within 50 miles of a veteran’s VA homesite; county-level “inadequate-supply” of gynecologists.

Key Results
Among 407,482 women, 9% were in gynecologist supply deserts (i.e., lacking local VA gynecologist and living in an inadequate-supply county). The sub-populations with the highest proportions in gynecologist supply deserts were rural residents (24%), those who got their primary care at non-VAMC satellite clinics (13%), those who got their care at a site without a women’s clinic (13%), and those with American Indian or Alaska Native (12%), or white (12%) race. Among those in inadequate-supply counties, 59.9% had gynecologists at their local VA; however, 40.1% lacked a local VA gynecologist.

Conclusions
Most veterans living in inadequate-supply counties had local VA gynecology care, reflecting VA’s critical role as a safety net provider. However, for those in gynecologist supply deserts, expanded transportation options, modified staffing models, or tele-gynecology hubs may offer solutions to extend VA gynecology capacity.
Brain gyrification in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Miola Alessandro , Cattarinussi Giulia , Loré Maria Lavinia , Ghiotto Niccolò , Collantoni Enrico , Sambataro Fabio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Genetic variations have been involved in the risk of this disorder, including those mediating brain function and neurodevelopment. Early neurodevelopment and neuroprogression processes could be reflected in brain gyrification patterns and help optimize the prediction and diagnosis of such disorders that is often delayed. Previous neuroimaging studies using this measure in patients with bipolar disorder revealed controversial results. This systematic review aimed to summarize available neuroimaging investigations on gyrification in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and/or other psychiatric groups. Fourteen studies including 733 patients with BD, 585 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 90 with schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and 1380 healthy subjects were identified. Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of gyrification emerged between patients with BD and HC. Interestingly, increased gyrification or no differences were also observed in patients with BD compared to those with the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Furthermore, relatives of patients with BD showed lower or no differences in gyrification compared to healthy subjects without a family history of affective illness. Differences in the design and in methodological approaches could have contributed to the heterogeneity of the findings. The current review supports an altered brain gyrification pattern that underlies the pathophysiology of BD spanning large anatomical and functional neural networks, associated with altered cognitive functioning, difficulties in processing and affective regulation, and clinical symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to test different bipolar phenotypes and pharmacological effects on gyrification.
The environmental justice implications of the Paris low emission zone: a health and economic impact assessment
Authors: Moreno Erika , Schwarz Lara , Host Sabine , Chanel Olivier , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Reducing the mortality burden associated with urban air pollution constitutes a public health priority, and evidence of unequal exposure and susceptibility across population subgroups is growing. Many European countries have implemented low emission zones (LEZs) in densely populated city centers. Although LEZs decrease air pollution exposure and health impacts, evidence is lacking on their impact across neighborhoods and socio-economic groups.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the most equitable approach to implementing the second phase of the LEZ in Paris, France. We also present a literature review of the studies evaluating the benefits associated with LEZs in Europe.

Methods
A health impact assessment (HIA) was conducted to quantify changes in air pollution exposure and expected health benefits by socioeconomic group and neighborhood related to four hypothetical scenarios for the second phase of the LEZ based on French Deprivation Index scores. The study focused on NO2 and PM2.5 as air pollutants and evaluated the impact of the LEZ on the inequitable burden of childhood asthma and all-cause premature adult mortality. We also conducted an economic evaluation associated with the LEZ benefits on prevented deaths and asthma cases.

Results
The scenario with the largest LEZ perimeter and the most stringent vehicle standards prevented the highest number of cases and produced the most equitable distribution of health benefits, especially childhood asthma. It is expected that 810 deaths and 3200 cases of asthma could be prevented from the LEZ extension in this scenario. These results were distributed heterogeneously across three socioeconomic (SES) groups, most noticeably with asthma cases as 230, 180, and 210 cases were avoided per 100,000 inhabitants in high, medium, and low SES groups, respectively. We found substantial economic benefits associated with LEZ, with estimates ranging from €0.76 billion to €2.36 billion for prevented deaths. The benefits associated with asthma reduction ranged from €2.3 million to €8.3 million.

Discussion
Conducting HIAs with a focus on equity will further inform policy makers of the impact of LEZ models on air pollution, health, and environmental justice. Developing these systematic methods and applying them to future LEZs and other air pollution policies will increase their effectiveness to reduce the burden of ambient air pollution on society and the environment.
Stakeholders’ Experiences of Research Integrity Support in Universities: A Qualitative Study in Three European Countries
Authors: Evans Natalie , Buljan Ivan , Valenti Emanuele , Bouter Lex , Marušić Ana , de Vries Raymond , Widdershoven Guy ,   the EnTIRE consortium
Published: August 2022

AbstractFostering research integrity (RI) increasingly focuses on normative guidance and supportive measures within institutions. To be successful, the implementation of support should be informed by stakeholders’ experiences of RI support. This study aims to explore experiences of RI support in Dutch, Spanish and Croatian universities. In total, 59 stakeholders (Netherlands n = 25, Spain n = 17, Croatia n = 17) participated in 16 focus groups in three European countries. Global themes on RI support experiences were identified by thematic analysis. Themes identified were: ‘RI governance and institutional implementation’, ‘RI roles and structures’, ‘RI education and supervision’, and ‘Infrastructure, technology and tools supporting daily practice’. Experiences of support differed between countries in relation to: the efforts to translate norms into practice; the extent to which RI oversight was a responsibility of RE structures, or separate RI structures; and the availability of support close to research practice, such as training, responsible supervision, and adequate tools and infrastructure. The study reinforces the importance of a whole institutional approach to RI, embedded within local jurisdictions, rules, and practices. A whole institutional approach puts the emphasis of responsibility on institutions rather than individual researchers. When such an approach is lacking, some stakeholders look for intervention by authorities, such as funders, outside of the university.