bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme profiling of microbes for biodegradation of polythene (LDPE) isolated from Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Shahi Mamta Patra , Shahi Sushil Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polythene waste management is a major environmental problem, and increasing a negative impact on human civilization due to dumping here and there. Since, a long time, scientists are trying to control the polythene pollution. There are many reports on microbes as polythene degrader but till no field application of these microbes is known. Thus, we need to investigate more potent polythene degrading microbes. Peroxidases (laccase, lignin peroxidase and MnP) are relatively nonspecific and have unique ability to degrade abroad array of environmental pollutants (Kuwahara et al., 1984, Ali et al., 2012). In this context, Laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzyme producing microbes were screened for their biodegrading ability against LDPE (polythene). In the present study 20 fungal isolates were tested against LDPE film , and found that only eight fungal isolates viz., RNB7, RSR4, RRB2, TWB1, RBM1, RCM1, JCP6 , KOC3, DRR2 as considerable LDPE degrader in weight reduction test (more than 1-2%). RCM1 isolate shows highest percentage of LDPE weight reduction (13.1%) was further study for bio film formation, pH change and FTIR analysis. No pre-treatment was done of polythene films except the alcohol treatment for sterilization purpose. As, photo-oxidation, UV rays and temperature are believed to be main physical parameter for accelerate deterioration of polythene in natural condition and if these parameters are artificially imposed on polythene it may increase the rate of degradation then there is a hope for lab to land experiments.
Microbiological quality of slaughterhouses and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolates
Authors: Nepal Roshan , Dhakal Prakash , Karki Sumeena , Sharma Sapana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The presence of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in meat and its product remains a significant concern for suppliers, consumers and public health officials worldwide. Frequent contamination of antibiotic resistant microorganism in meat and meat products poses an important public health issue. In view of this situation, the present study was conducted from August 31st to September 20th , 2010 to study the microbial quality of slaughterhouses and to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant member of Enterobacteriaceae. For this water and swab samples were taken from 30 slaughterhouses of Khusibun, Kathmandu. Water samples were processed to determine MPN of coliforms and swab samples were analyzed for the presence of members Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella species. The research showed that the water used in cleaning of slaughter houses was heavily contaminated with coliforms among which two were Enterobacter spp., eleven were Citrobacter spp. and five were E. coli. From the swab taken from the different areas of the slaughterhouses different members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated among which two were Salmonella typhi and three were E. coli.
From the study it was found the all Salmonella typhi were sensitive to Choramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid and resistant towards Amoxycillin. In case of E. coli isolates, 87.5% was sensitive towards Chloramphenicol and 12.5% was resistant towards it. In the case of Ciprofloxacin 62.5% was sensitive and 37.5% was resistant. In case of Ofloxacin 87.5% was sensitive and 12.5% was resistant. In case of Nalidixic acid 75% was sensitive and 25% was resistant and for Amoxycillin 62.5% was sensitive and 37.5% was resistant.
The increase of serum miR-124 contributes to intestinal barrier injury in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Liu Tingting , Zhu Xiaosong , Sun Zhiqing , Peng Shanxin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and plays a vital role in prognosis of AIS. Aberrant expression of miRNAs was a critical element not only in the pathogenesis of AIS, but also in intestinal barrier function. The present study aims to reveal the connection between the altered miR-124 and intestinal barrier dysfunction in AIS, and further elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism. In the present study, the serum miR-124 and the serum markers of intestinal barrier injury, d-Lactate and double amine oxidase (DAO), were detected to conduct correlation analysis in clinically. Then, medial cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice were constructed to verify the correlation. The results showed that the elevated miR-124 in serum had a positive correlation with the exacerbated intestine barrier injury not only in clinical, but also in MCAO mice. Moreover, antagomir-124, miR-124 inhibitor, was used in MCAO mice and could relieve the intestinal barrier injury induced by AIS. Finally, miRanda software analysis, luciferase reporter assay, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and western blotting were used to elucidate its mechanism. The findings revealed that miR-124 could reduce the expression of Claudin8 (CLDN8) and Occludin (OCLN) via directly targeting their 3’UTR, and antagomir-124 reversed the reduction of CLDN8 and OCLN in MCAO mice. In conclusion, the increased miR-124 in AIS could contribute to intestinal barrier injury via down-regulating the expression of CLDN8 and OCLN. Moreover, the blockade of miR-124 could alleviate intestinal barrier injury in AIS. MiR-124 may be a promising therapeutic target for prevention of post-stroke infection.
(2E)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one Promotes Apoptosis By Regulating ERK/MAPK Pathway In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: meigui zhang , Li Jing , Xi Jiahui , Xi Lili , Ma Ruixia , Zhou Ruili , Zhang Baoxin , Li Yonghong , Bai Zhongtian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2E)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one (TMONC), a chalcone derivative, exhibits pro-apoptotic potential in tumor cells. However, its antitumor activity has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we report that TMONC significantly inhibited proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Interrupted apoptotic signals indicated that TMONC activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, TMONC induced the G2/M arrest. RNA sequencing analysis suggested the ERK/MAPK signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway. Furthermore, reverse docking analysis revealed that ERK1 and PARP-1 had the two highest score across all docked targets. TMONC significantly inhibited the expression of RAS, ERK, p-ERK, c-Myc and c-Fos in HCC cells. Therefore, TMONC is a multi-target compound, which shows anti-cancer activity by suppressing the ERK/MAPK pathway. This may provide a potential therapeutic strategy by inducing apoptosis to treat HCC.
Bacterial respiratory infections in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center in Lebanon
Authors: Shmoury Abdel Hadi , Sawma Tedy , Haddad Sara F. , Zahreddine Nada , Tannous Joseph , Zakhour Johnny , Fakhreddine Hisham Bou , Rizk Nesrine , Kanj Souha S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Despite multiple reports of increased incidence of bacterial respiratory tract infections following COVID-19 globally, the microbiology is not fully elucidated. In this study, we describe the incidence and microbiology of bacterial infections and the burden of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), non-ventilated hospital acquired pneumonia (NVHAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the microbiology of VAP and NVHAP in COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary-care center in Lebanon. Adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between March 2020 and September 2021 were included. Only pathogens isolated within 42 days of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests were included. Bacterial isolates identified in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) were divided into 3 groups based on the time of acquiring pneumonia after admission: hospital day 3-14, 15-28 and 29-42.
Results:
Out of 1674 patients admitted with COVID-19, 159 (9.5%) developed one or more respiratory infections. Overall, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (83.5%) and S. maltophilia was the most common pathogen (14.3%). S. aureus and Haemophilus spp. were implicated in most CAPs, while K. pneumonia, S. maltophilia and E. coli were the top culprits in HAP during hospital days 3-14, 15-28 and 29-42 respectively. Among 231 isolates obtained, 59 (25.5%) were MDROs, seen in higher proportion in HAP, especially among patients with prolonged hospital stay (> 4 weeks). Non-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) (OR = 3.521, p-value = 0.000), particularly S. maltophilia (OR = 3.236, p-value = 0.022), were significantly more implicated in VAP compared to NVHAP.
Conclusions:
COVID-19 patients hospitalized at AUBMC are at a slightly lower risk for bacterial respiratory infections compared to other studies. The pathogens varied according to the time since hospitalization. The burden of NFGNB and S. maltophilia is particularly high in COVID-19 VAP, indicating the need for further studies targeting these pathogens. A high rate of bacterial resistance was found which has important implications in guiding therapeutic decisions in COVID-19 patients who acquire bacterial infections.
Correlation Between Rate of Leaf Initiation and Apex Diameter of Lilium longiflorum Cultivar ‘Ace’
Authors: Kohl Harry C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is common knowledge that for a given cultivar of Easter lily, small bulbs grown at the same location as large bulbs produce fewer flowers when forced into bloom. In a recent test at U. C. Davis, as an example, 30 gram bulbs produced 4.5 flowers per plant, while 80 gram bulbs of the same variety grown and forced exactly the same produced 8.9 flowers per plant. Bulbs of intermediate weight produced an intermediate weight produced an intermediate number of flowers. Somewhat less well known is that the number of leaves produced by the single apex of the lily plant per unit time is likewise directly proportional to bulb size. In the experimental Work reported in this paper, for instance, he increase in leaf count in 100 days was found to be directly and linearly proportional to the bulb size (Figure 1).
Propagation of Begonias from Leaf Disks
Authors: Lagerstedt Harry B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many different kinds of plants have the capacity to regenerate roots from the main veins of petioles or leaves, but relatively few can also differentiate a new growing point. Rhizomatous begonias are usually propagated from leaf cuttings because they give rise to both adventitious roots and shoots readilv. New plants arise from the leaf petiole or from cuts across main leaf veins which are kept in contact with a moist medium. A single begonia leaf usuallv yields at least one new plant from the petiole and three or four from the leaf veins.
Interaction of Nitrogen Fertility and Plant Populations on Transplanted Broccoli and Cauliflower Yields
Authors: Dufault Robert J. , Waters Luther 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As broccoli populations increased from 24,000 to 72,000 plants/ha at N rates of 112, 168, or 224 kg/ha, head weight decreased linearly. Increasing the N rate from 56 to 224 kg/ha at any population linearly increased broccoli head weight and marketable yields, and decreased cull yields. Broccoli yields were highest at 72,000 plants/ha and 224 kg N/ha. No marketable cauliflower curds were produced at 56 kg N/ha at any population evaluated. As populations increased from 24,000 to 72,000 plants/ha with N rates held constant at either 112 or 224 kg/ha, marketable curd weight decreased linearly and cull production increased linearly. Increasing the N rate from 112 to 224 kg/ha did not increase marketable curd weight or yields at any population. Increasing the N rate to 112 kg/ha or higher reduced cull production at 24,000 plants/ha, but not at populations of 36,000 or higher. Cauliflower yields were optimized at 24,000 plants/ha and 112 kg N/ha based on reduced cull production, satisfactory curd weights, and transplant economy.
Influence of Root-knot Nematode on Onion
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Lindsey D. L. , Delgado R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)] Chitwood ‘Race 3’, on ‘Utah Yellow Sweet Spanish’ onion were investigated in microplots containing a sandy loam. Inoculum levels of M. incognita ranged from 0 to 20,900 eggs and juveniles/500 cm3 soil. Onion growth and yield were suppressed severely in all nematode infested plots. Bulb weight/plant in the nematode infested plots was 24% of that in the root-knot nematode free plots. Symptoms of plants infected with M. incognita included numerous small galls on the roots, retarded growth, light foliage color, and leaf tip burn. The data indicated that M. incognita densities greater than 250 eggs and juveniles/500 cm3 soil can cause significant yield loss in onions in sandy loam.
Copper Deficiency of Manzanita Grown in a Bark-sand Mixture
Authors: Vlamis J. , Raabe Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The new growth of manzanita (Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S. Baker and other Arctostaphylos spp.) grown in a nursery in a mix of 2 fir bark : 1 sand (v/v) in plastic containers remained very small and showed some necrosis. Tissue analysis indicated a possible copper deficiency. The addition of 8 mg of copper as copper sulfate per 15 cm pot produced normal growth. The application of boron or calcium was not effective in controlling the problem.
Stair-step Container for Improved Root Growth
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E. , Williams Jerry D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A container was designed with 4 internal stair-step sections that prevent roots from growing in circles, and stimulates root branching. The additional root branching increased root growth away from the container following transplanting of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.), and improved the number of branches per plant on Gardenia jasminoides Ellis., Pyracantha x ‘Mojave’, Photinia x ‘Fraseri’ and Lagerstroemia indica L.
A Citrus Embryo Assay to Screen Water-soluble Resins as Synthetic Seed Coats
Authors: Kitto S. L. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An assay using in vivo-produced embryos, with and without tegmen, of monoembryonic ‘Temple’ tangor [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x C. reticulata Blanco) and polyembryonic ‘Troyer’ citrange (C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) was developed to screen compounds as synthetic seed coats for in vitro-produced, asexual embryos. Of 8 compounds evaluated, Polyox WSR-N 750 proved to be the most suitable as a synthetic seed coat based on its film-forming ability, its ability to redissolve in water, and its nondeleterious effects on citrus embryos.
Lawns Enhance the Environment
Authors: Roberts Eliot C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our urban surroundings have become increasingly artificial because of concrete and asphalt in the construction of buildings and transportation systems, so we have begun to plan for the humanizing of these locations through a more creative use of plants. Some environmentalists see the proximity of plants to people as a psychological imperative. As early as 1968, a USD A Task Force published a “National Program of Research for Plants to Enhance Man's Environment”. The critical importance of nonfood and fiber agriculture in the United States has become well documented.
Cold Stress Influence on Premature Flowering of Broccoli
Authors: Miller C. H. , Konsler T. R. , Lamont W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Broccoli plants (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenk) were grown in an air-conditioned, 22°/18°C day/night temperature, greenhouse in the Southeastern Plant Environmental Laboratories in Raleigh, N.C. Seedlings 6 to 33 days from seeding were exposed to cold treatments of −3° to −5° or +1° to +2° for periods of 7 to 34 days, then returned to higher temperatures. Days from seeding to flowering were determined. Plants 13 or more days from seeding and exposed to 14 or more days of cold treatment were induced to flower earlier than untreated plants. The critical stem size for cold inductions was 5 to 8 mm diameter. Susceptible plants weighed 4 to 50 g at the beginning of the cold treatment phase. Plants outside that range were nonsusceptible.
Characterization of Lodging Differences in Paprika Pepper
Authors: Kahn Brian A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three lodging-resistant (LR) and 3 lodging-susceptible (LS) paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines were grown from transplants at Bixby, Okla., in 1983. Stem diameter at ground level and number of lodged plants were determined monthly from July through November. Stem diameter increased gradually through 14 Oct. and then leveled off. Number of lodged plants increased sharply between 14 July and 15 Aug., and increased slowly thereafter. On all but the 1st date (14 July), stem diameter was negatively correlated with number of lodged plants. On each date, LR lines averaged larger in stem diameter and lower in number of lodged plants than LS lines. Sample plants were harvested on 28 Oct. On the average, LR plants had larger stem diameters at soil level, greater root weights, and lower shoot:root ratios than LS plants but did not differ from LS plants in shoot weight, number of marketable red pods, and cellulose and lignin content in the lowermost 8 cm of central axis stem tissue. Results should aid in breeding for lodging resistance in paprika pepper.
Effects of Postharvest Treatments on Ripening and Quality of ‘Babygold 7’ Peaches
Authors: Dekazos Elias D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postharvest ripening treatments (ethephon, fungicides, and/or storage conditions) of green, ‘Babygold 7’ peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] accelerated ripening and color development, and produced fruit of high quality as measured by various quality parameters. Peaches thus treated contained a higher level of carotenoids than tree-ripened fruit, and were practically decay free. Lycopene accumulation was stimulated in tissue treated with CPTA. Peaches held at 41°C and 90% ± 1% RH for 24 hr before dipping in 250 ethephon for 1 min, and ripening at 27° and 90% ± 1% RH, produced one of the most efficient methods of fruit ripening. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA).
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Formation from Christmas Palm Callus
Authors: Srinivasan C. , Litz R. E. , Barker J. , Norstog Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Excised zygotic embryos of Christmas palm [Veitchia merrilli (Bacc.) H.E. Moore] developed large haustoria and germinated normally in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus 0.25% activated charcoal, 5-50 µm 2,4-D and 5 µm BA. Embryogenic callus was induced from mature zygotic embryos when they were cultured on charcoal-free MS medium supplemented with 170 mg/liter KH2PO4, 200-400 mg/liter glutamine, and 5-25 µm 2,4-D. Somatic embryos developed and matured in a hormone-free, glutamine-containing medium. Plantlets developed from somatic embryos on MS basal medium or MS plus 5 µm NAA, 5 µm 2iP, and 2.5 µm GA3. Embryogenic calli have been maintained on MS medium for more than 6 months. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(phenylmethyl)-1Hpurin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP).
Wisconsin 2843, a Multiple Disease Resistant Cucumber Population
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Staub J. E. , Palmer Mary , Crubaugh Linda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wisconsin 2843 (WI 2843), a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm release from the USDA and the Univ. of Wisconsin was announced to United States cucumber breeders in March of 1983. It was developed to provide a source population having multiple disease resistance, variable fruit characteristics, and processing qualities from which superior inbred parents might be extracted.
Effect of Various Soilless Root Media and Insecticides on Fungus Gnats
Authors: Lindquist Richard K. , Faber William R. , Casey Mildred L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fungus gnat (Bradysia coprophila Lintner) adult emergence was sampled from 20 soilless root media and media combinations. More adults emerged from Paygro 5-2-2, a composted hardwood bark amended medium than from other media. Fewest adults emerged from Ball Growing Mix I, a composted pine bark amended medium. Pesticides evaluated in one or more experiments were aldicarb 10 G, bendiocarb 5 G, Oxamyl 10 G, diazinon 4 EC, methoprene 5 EC, and bendiocarb 76 WP. Where pesticide effects could be determined, all materials reduced number of emerging adults compared with untreated media, but oxamyl 10 G and aldicarb 10 gave the best control. There was evidence in one experiment that diazinon, methoprene, and bendiocarb 5 G gave less control in Paygro 5-2-2 than in other media.
A Thornless Trifoliate Orange from Self-pollination
Authors: Kawase Kenji , Hirai Masashi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A thornless variant of the trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] was found as a chance seedling. All other characters were indistinguishable from those of normal trifoliate. Genotypes of the variant at loci controlling GOT isozymes were PP,SS, whereas those of the normal trifoliate orange have been reported to be MP,SM. The variant is concluded to arise from spontaneous inbreeding of normal thorny trifoliate orange. The variant showed poor growth.
Effects of Initial Set and Carbaryl Treatment on Final Fruit Set on ‘Greensleeves’ Apple
Authors: Looney Norman E. , Knight John N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit set on mature spurs and on 1-year-old wood (lateral bloom) was followed as a step in the development of a chemical thinning protocol for ‘Greensleeves’ apple trees. Initial set (fruit firmly attached 15 days after full bloom) was a reasonable predictor of final set on spurs but not on lateral clusters. High initial set values on lateral clusters reduced final set. Likewise, initial and final set values on either spur or lateral clusters were inversely related following a 1000 ppm carbaryl treatment, although lateral clusters were more readily thinned than spur clusters by carbaryl. Without the carbaryl treatment, final set per cluster was comparable on spur and lateral clusters, and final set on lateral clusters was improved by defruiting alternate clusters on these 1-year-old branch sections 15 days after full bloom.
Influence of Temperature on in Vitro Root Initiation and Development of Apple Rootstock M26
Authors: Lê CL 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There have been numerous reports on the use of aseptic methods for in vitro rooting of the apple seedlings (8), scion cultivars (7, 9, 13, 14), and rootstocks (1, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16). From these studies, researchers have pointed out that in vitro apple rooting is affected by different factors (2, 3, 5, 9, 13, 14). The effect of temperature on in vitro rooting in apple also has been investigated, but results have been contradictory (3, 8). The lack of information on the effect of temperature on in vitro rooting of apple in adult and juvenile growth phases prompted this investigation. This paper reports the quantitative response of apple rootstock M26 in adult and juvenile growth phases to different temperatures applied during the root initiation phase.