bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of banana flour and tempeh flour on sensory characteristics of prebiotic snack bar
Authors: Purnasari G , Sasmita I R A , Susindra Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Prebiotic snack bar is a food innovation in the form of a bar that contains a source of functional nutrients that can improve chronic small intestinal inflammation syndrome (pediatric environmental enteropathy) in stunting children, increase the absorption of nutrition, and then improve the nutritional status of stunting children. The aim of this research was to determine the sensory characteristics of snack bar with any level of banana flour and tempeh flour addition. Sensory analyses were carried out on flavor, color, taste, texture and overall of the snack bar. The results showed that the ratio of banana flour : tempeh flour (95% : 5%) was more acceptable in terms of flavor (3,89), color (3,60), taste (3,91), texture (3,77) and overall (4,00). The result also showed that the addition of tempeh flour and banana flour to the formulation snack bar had a significant effect (p ≤ 0,05) on the sensory quality of prebiotic snack bar
The teaching factory (TEFA) pilot project of transportation system engineering as an opportunity in the department of engineering at Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Irawan A , Pratama A W , Rachmanita R E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pilot project of Teaching Factory (TEFA) at the Department of Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jember as an effort to realize TEFA in the field of transportation system engineering, including mapping the potential and opportunities for the realization of Technical TEFA by considering several product groups plans, including the production of spare parts (Y1), services (Y2) and bio-fuel production (Y3). The problem is the need to identify with potential mapping whether TEFA pilots in the Engineering Department can be recommended to be realized. Potential mapping aims to provide an output of consideration in realizing TEFA in the Department of Engineering through several stages of the process, the first method is GADM (Grid Analysis Decision Making) as a model for providing recommendations in realizing TEFA by giving a score from the questionnaire to partners, the second method with the CIPP stage (Context, Input, Process, Product) as a consideration of the service process chain flow and products that will be produced from the three products. Potential mapping is carried out by means of questionnaires to partners spread across 4 sub-districts, Jember Regency with consideration of the radius of the mapping distance of 5 km from the Politeknik Negeri Jember. Respondent partners are used as the basis for considering feasibility in establishing TEFA in the Engineering Department. The questionnaire to productive partners in the automotive sector grouped into four sub-districts obtained a mapping of a total of 100 partners from Sumbersari, Patrang, Kaliwates, Ajung with a number of 35, 14, 17 and 34 partner respondents respectively who were considered as candidates for collaboration in pioneering TEFA in the Department of Engineering. The GADM results provide a questionnaire score for each sub-district average from product groups Y1, Y2 and Y3 with a score of 3.2, 2.9 and 3.4. The partner’s choice of the highest score is biofuel (Y3).
Thermo-environmental economic study on energy conversion system using thermoelectric generators (TEG SP1848) in cold storage condenser
Authors: Rachmanita R E , Prasetyo D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thermoelectric generator is an alternative energy that utilizes temperature differences into electrical energy. The use of a thermoelectric generator (TEG SP1848) by utilizing a heat source from the exhaust heat of a cold storage condenser requires thermodynamic, environmental thermal, and techno-economic analysis. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive and evaluative methods. Thermodynamic analysis of the amount of heat wasted at each position of the engine pipe obtained T1 pipe 38613.47 Watts, T2 pipe 3960.35 Watts, and T3 pipe 39651.80 Watts. The SP1848-based TEG energy conversion device absorbs 11.14 watts of heat energy placed in the T3 pipe and has an efficiency of 0.23%. Analysis of the environmental conditions of the cold storage engine room based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Percentage Discomfort (PPD) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values shows that the engine room environment is not comfortable for human activities and can disrupt the balance of human metabolism. Techno-economic feasibility evaluation based on Net Present Value (NPV) and Payback Period (PBP) produces a negative value, while Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) is 0.0012, indicating that the conversion tool is not feasible to run.
A SCADA/PMU hybrid measurement state estimation method considering load uncertainty
Authors: Huang Tianen , Sun Hao , Wu Zhenjie , Zong Xingchen , Li Yuxiao , Wang Yuantao , Tang Jian , Li Xiang , Mo Yajun , Li Chengda , Xu Shuangdie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a power system state estimation method combining the Monte Carlo method and the SCADA/PMU hybrid measurement state estimation algorithm. Quantify the impact of load uncertainty on the state estimation results to reduce the influence of power system measurement error. The results show that the method takes into account the uncertainty of load measurement and the influence of flexible load, and accurately estimate the operating state of the power system.
Effects of the distance and test angle on the precision of infrared temperature measurement
Authors: Liu Hui , Shen Hao , Ci Wenbin , Qi Zhao , Zhou Chao , Yao Jinxia , Shen Qinghe , Liu Chuanbin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The target distance and test angle are the main factors that affect the accuracy of infrared temperature measurement. To study the infrared temperature measurement precision of different heat source intensities at different distances and test angles, a temperature measurement test with built-in heat source within the rod of the insulator was designed. By setting four different heat source temperatures on the heating film, the temperature data were collected by infrared camera at the distances of 3, 6, 9, 12 m and 15 m and three test angles of 0 °, 90° and 180°, respectively, and the variation law of the measurement results was analysed. The main conclusions are as follows. As the distance increases, the measured values basically show a downward trend. When the distance reaches 12 m, the temperature fluctuates significantly. When the angle between the observation direction and the heat source is 0 °, the measurement value is the highest, followed by the 90° direction, and the lowest is the 180° direction, which indicates that the test angle has an obvious influence on the measurement results. With the increase of heat source temperature, the infrared temperature measurement value increases gradually and tends to be saturated. When an infrared device is adopted to measure the temperature of the insulators in service, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of the distance and angle on the value in engineering practice.
Research on access rules and flexibility evaluation index system of ancillary service market in China
Authors: Gong Wei , Jiang Wei , Zhou Huipo , Le Ying , Guo Chao , Xu Kangxuan , Sun Xiaocong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In high renewable energy penetrated power systems, the flexibility of power system resources is indispensable. With the implementation of domestic ancillary service markets, the revenue of ancillary services provided by generating units is gradually changing from the planned mode to the market mode. Moreover, the access threshold for generating units to participate in the ancillary service market has changed. At the same time, the flexibility of generating units has a great impact on the revenue of the ancillary service market. Therefore, this paper summarizes the flexibility requirements of typical pilot areas in China for generating units to participate in ancillary service markets. Then, the corresponding flexibility evaluation indexes of different ancillary services are sorted out and the flexibility evaluation model is developed to evaluate the flexibility ability of power generation enterprises scientifically. The flexibility evaluation system proposed in this paper can effectively evaluate the flexibility capability of generating units and conduct its flexibility enhancement.
Design and development of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant
Authors: Wang Renze , Liang Boning , Yang Yapeng , Feng Zongyang , Jia Linsheng , Wang Ning , Liu Yining 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Emergency action level (EAL) development is an important tool of emergency decision-making support; EAL is an important basis for emergency response of reprocessing plants. The method recommended by DOE to determine EAL is emergency planning hazards assessment (EPHA). Based on the EPHA methodology, development method of EAL for a reprocessing plant was proposed and then the method was applied and the results were analyzed and utilized. Based on the EAL matrix of a reprocessing plant, an EAL code was designed, programmed and tested. Design of the code mainly includes data grouping, flowchart drawing, frame layer design and presentation layer design. Specifically, data was grouped into 25 groups based on the actual acquisition of data and requirements of judgments for EALs, and flowcharts includes the main flowchart, the automatic judgment flowchart and the manual judgment flowchart. The core judgment module of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant was coded by FORTRAN language, and the user interface was developed by Java language. EALs could be determined by relevant characteristic data. Tests are divided into internal tests of the functional module and third-party independent tests. The present results show that the code is exact and reliable, and then the code could be an important auxiliary tool for emergency preparedness and response.
Utilization of tidal current and wave energy help the implement of the carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality strategy in China
Authors: Zhang Duo , Ma Changlei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The resources of ocean energy including the wave energy, the tidal range energy, the tidal current energy, the Ocean Thermal Energy, the salinity gradient energy and the offshore wind energy are abundant in China. The paper introduces the tidal current and wave energy for their relative high technology readiness level. The technical potential just in the coastal area is more than 70 GW with additional potential in remote sea areas. The utilization of marine renewable energy resources provides a potential and essential road to reach the reduction of the carbon emission. According to the national strategy, such as the Renewable Energy Law implemented from 2006 and revised in 2010, the special fund program for ocean energy was established from 2010 and has advanced the progress of ocean energy technology research, development and demonstration since then. The ocean energy technologies achieved rapid development under the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Finance and so on. The accumulated installed capacity of ocean energy is leading internationally, but the industry is still in a low level. The carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality strategy put forward in China requires the transition to green electricity, which also provides crucial opportunity for the development of marine renewable energy resources. The paper introduces the status of tidal current and wave energy technology and industry in China. Then, the problems and opportunities are analysed. The potential of utilization of tidal current and wave energy is estimated to support carbon emission reduction. Finally, the vision and main tasks are given.
Research on power distribution of battery clusters of electrochemical energy storage system in the frequency regulation process
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Songhan , Si Ruicai , Wang Zhongyan , Liu Xiwen , Yao Zhuohong , Zhou Chi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, a large number of electrochemical energy storage projects have gradually emerged and capability of battery is also becoming central issue for research. The battery control strategy directly affects the response to AGC (Automatic Generation Control). If the control is improper, it is easy to cause the remaining power of each battery cluster unbalanced and influence the battery life. This article mainly focuses on the research on the distribution of power commands from the battery management system, and proposes a power distribution method. The method was put into practice in an energy storage project which got good results.
Evaluation research on the regional green development——take Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as an example
Authors: Gan Hui , Cai Ya’nan , Huang Xia , Du Desheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Green Economy Development is an inevitable way for cities to develop with high quality. Based on the theoretical connotation of green development and the actual development of Liuzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this paper constructed a regional green development level evaluation index system from three aspects: economic development, sustainability and green development capabilities. Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method was applied to measure and analyze the level of green development of Liuzhou City. From 2011 to 2018, the total level of green development of Liuzhou showed a fluctuated upward trend. Among them, the total level from 2011 to 2012 showed an upward trend, and it fell back from 2012 to 2013, then the total level increased greatly from 2013 to 2017 and decreased slightly from 2017 to 2018, and the peak of 0.572 appeared in 2017. The following suggestions were put forward based on the analysis. First, Liuzhou should promote the high-quality development of the tertiary industry, accelerate the transformation of the industrial structure, and set the appropriate fixed asset investment target. Second, Liuzhou should promote energy conservation and emission reduction, increase environmental protection, and focus on the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter and the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste. Finally, Liuzhou should increase funding for scientific and technological research and pay attention to talent introduction and training.
Analysis on the influencing factors of residents dispose of discarded masks base on Probit regression model
Authors: Yang Lijun , Fang Weicheng , Zheng Shuosi , Huang Xinqi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective Understanding the influencing factors of discarded masks disposed by residents in Dongguan City during the period of COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide basis for avoiding the environmental pollution caused by discarded masks in the future. Methods Using random sampling way to make an Internet questionnaire survey among 1042 permanent residents in Dongguan city and using Probit regression model to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of disposing the discarded masks. Results The installation of disposal bins, residents’ environmental concern level and education level positively influenced the residents’ disposal behavior, while the residents’ age and total household size negatively influenced the residents’ willingness to dispose. These influencing factors are basically consistent with those derived from other scholars’ studies on residents’ willingness to dispose of household waste, it shows that residents do not treat the disposal of discarded masks differently from other household waste and ignore the potential environmental hazards of discarded masks. Conclusion In order to motivate residents to properly dispose of discarded masks, it is necessary to clarify and standardize the requirements for discarded mask disposal and increase publicity to enhance the public’s awareness of environmental concerns and hygiene. To avoid environmental problems such as microplastics brought by discarded masks, disposable masks should be replaced by reusable elastic respirators; the use of polypropylene in masks should be reduced; new mask materials should be developed.
Impact of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system: an integrated evaluation model
Authors: Yi Jiexin , Zhao Zhe , Peng Yun , Liang Tao , Li Jia , Chen Huimin , Liu Chenye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper estimates the impact of the carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. Carbon tax is regarded as the widely used mechanism for carbon policy. However, few studies analyzed the impacts of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. This research addresses the gap by studying how the carbon tax affect the oil and gas industry and the risk of the carbon tax. In this paper, an integrated model considering the impact of the carbon tax in the oil and gas fiscal system and using the Monte-Carlo method to analyze the risk of the carbon tax is put forward. With the purpose of comparing the Royalty and Profit Sharing Contract, the distributions of the revenue are discussed. When the carbon price increases to US$100/ton, the contractor profit will drop to zero under Royalty fiscal system. When the carbon price increases to US$80/ton, the contractor profit will become negative under PSC. The result indicates that high carbon tax results in negative cash flow.
Why formal objections to the error theory are sound
Authors: Tiefensee Christine , Wheeler Gregory 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent debate about the error theory has taken a ‘formal turn’. On the one hand, there are those who argue that the error theory should be rejected because of its difficulties in providing a convincing formal account of the logic and semantics of moral claims. On the other hand, there are those who claim that such formal objections fail, maintaining that arguments against the error theory must be of a substantive rather than a formal kind. In this paper, we argue that formal objections to the error theory cannot be eschewed but must be met head-on.
Revealing the contribution of somatic gene mutations to shaping tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Xu Liwen , Zhu Shiwei , Lan Yujia , Yan Min , Jiang Zedong , Zhu Jiali , Liao Gaoming , Ping Yanyan , Xu Jinyuan , Pang Bo , Zhang Yunpeng , Xiao Yun , Li Xia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interaction between tumor cells and immune cells determined highly heterogeneous microenvironments across patients, leading to substantial variation in clinical benefits from immunotherapy. Somatic gene mutations were found not only to elicit adaptive immunity but also to influence the composition of tumor immune microenvironment and various processes of antitumor immunity. However, due to an incomplete view of associations between gene mutations and immunophenotypes, how tumor cells shape the immune microenvironment and further determine the clinical benefit of immunotherapy is still unclear. To address this, we proposed a computational approach, inference of mutation effect on immunophenotype by integrated gene set enrichment analysis (MEIGSEA), for tracing back the genomic factor responsible for differences in immunophenotypes. MEIGSEA was demonstrated to accurately identify the previous confirmed immune-associated gene mutations, and systematic evaluation in simulation data further supported its performance. We used MEIGSEA to investigate the influence of driver gene mutations on the infiltration of 22 immune cell types across 19 cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The top associated gene mutations with infiltration of CD8 T cells, such as CASP8, KRAS and EGFR, also showed extensive impact on other immune components; meanwhile, immune effector cells shared critical gene mutations that collaboratively contribute to shaping distinct tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we highlighted the predictive capacity of gene mutations that are positively associated with CD8 T cells for the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Taken together, we present a computational framework to help illustrate the potential of somatic gene mutations in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment.
Research-based Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment: Do Child Protection Workers Use them in their Case Investigations?
Authors: Erens Brenda , de Ruiter Corine , Otgaar Henry , Humblet Joke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Risk assessment is an essential aspect of child abuse investigations in order to estimate the risk of future abuse and to develop a risk management and intervention plan. According to the risk–need–responsivity model, intervention and risk monitoring needs to target dynamic risk factors to prevent future child maltreatment. In the current study, we examined whether child protection workers in the Netherlands focus on evidence-based risk factors for child maltreatment. We investigated 192 case files retrospectively for risk factors included in the Child Abuse Risk Evaluation-NL, a structured risk assessment instrument. We expected to find limited information concerning parental risk factors and risk factors related to parent–child interaction, but more information on family and child factors. These hypotheses were confirmed. Because parental and parent–child interaction factors are the most important and proximal risk factors for child abuse, our findings point to a large gap between science and child protection practice. We recommend the use of a structured risk assessment instrument and a risk-focused approach to intervention planning.
Significance of seed morphology and anatomy in the systematics of Musaceae
Authors: Hareesh Vadakkoot Sankaran , Sabu Mamiyil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the seed morphology and anatomy of 32 wild Indian Musaceae by using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is the first comprehensive investigation into the seed micro-morphological and anatomical aspects of two genera of the family. Seed characters including shape, size, surface sculpturing (LM and SEM), seed coat thickness, layer characters and chalazal chamber column were considered. Seed characters play a significant role in the delimitation of taxa as they are more stable than vegetative (anatomical) and pollen features. Four types of seeds (oblate, ovoid, sub-globose and ellipsoid) were observed in the family, oblate seeds being the most common. LM revealed that most of the seeds have verrucate surface sculpturing, but some are smooth-verrucate or smooth. Seed size also plays an important role in the identification of the taxa to some extent. Number of layers and seed coat thickness are directly proportional to seed size. However, the thickness of endotesta, tegmen and inner endosperm layers (aleurone layers) differ in small and large seeds. The present study revealed eight types of outer sculpturing and three inner sculpturing patterns with diverse nature of anticlinal and periclinal cell walls. Based on the seed characters, a phenetic analysis was also carried out.