bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintalbrücke Gemünden: Bauwerksmonitoring und ‐identifikation aus einem Guss
Authors: Simon Patrick , Helmrich Marcel , Herrmann Ralf , Schneider Ronald , Baeßler Matthias , Lorelli Salvatore , Morgenthal Guido 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDie Infrastruktursysteme der Industriestaaten erfordern heute und in Zukunft ein effizientes Management bei alternder Bausubstanz, steigenden Lasten und gleichbleibend hohem Sicherheitsniveau. Digitale Technologien bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Bewältigung der aktuellen und künftigen Herausforderungen im Infrastrukturmanagement. Im BMBF‐geförderten Projekt Bewertung alternder Infrastrukturbauwerke mit digitalen Technologien (AISTEC) wird untersucht, wie unterschiedliche Technologien und deren Verknüpfung gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden können. Am Beispiel der Maintalbrücke Gemünden werden ein sensorbasiertes Bauwerksmonitoring, bildbasierte Inspektion mit durch Kameras ausgestatteten Drohnen (UAS) und die Verknüpfung digitaler Bauwerksmodelle umgesetzt. Die aufgenommenen Bilder dienen u. a. als Grundlage für spätere visuelle Anomaliedetektionen und eine 3D‐Rekonstruktion, welche wiederum für die Kalibrierung und Aktualisierung digitaler Tragwerksmodelle genutzt werden. Kontinuierlich erfasste Sensordaten werden ebenfalls zur Kalibrierung und Aktualisierung der Tragwerksmodelle herangezogen. Diese Modelle werden als Grundlage für Anomaliedetektionen und perspektivisch zur Umsetzung von Konzepten der prädiktiven Instandhaltung verwendet. Belastungsfahrten und historische Daten dienen in diesem Beitrag der Validierung von kalibrierten Tragwerksmodellen.
Survival for endometrial cancer as a second primary malignancy
Authors: Medina Heidy N. , Schlumbrecht Matthew P. , Penedo Frank J. , Pinheiro Paulo S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) often occurs subsequently to a primary cancer arising from a different site. However, little is known regarding the survival experience of EC as a second primary (ECSP) malignancy, specifically in relation to the original primary site and prior treatment.MethodsUsing Florida's cancer registry, all EC cases (first, second, or higher‐order) diagnosed from 2005–2016 were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox Regression were used in a cause‐specific survival analysis.ResultsA total of 2879 clinically independent ECSPs and 42,714 first primary ECs were analyzed. The most common first primary sites for ECSPs were breast cancer (BC) (n = 1422) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 359). Five‐year cause‐specific survival was 84.0% (95% CI: 83.6–84.3) for first primary ECs and 81.8% (95% CI: 80.0–83.4) for ECSPs. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, histology, and stage at diagnosis, ECSPs had a lower risk of EC mortality than first primary ECs (hazard ratios [HR] 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97). ECSPs with a first primary CRC had a higher risk of EC‐specific death (HR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.06) compared to ECSPs that followed BC in multivariable analysis. Finally, women who had chemotherapy for ECSP and preceding BC did not have a higher risk of death (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.49–1.31) compared to those who only received chemotherapy for first primary EC.ConclusionsECSPs present a complex clinical profile. ECSP survival is superior to that of first primary EC. However, ECSPs following CRC may constitute a population of interest for their worse prognosis. Chemotherapy for a previous BC does not seem to impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy for ECs.
A Mechanism for Nitrogenase Including Loss of a Sulfide
Authors: Wei Wen‐Jie , Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNitrogenase is the only enzyme in nature that can fix N2 from the air. The active cofactor of the leading form of this enzyme contains seven irons and one molybdenum connected by sulfide bridges. In several recent experimental studies, it has been suggested that the cofactor is very flexible, and might lose one of its sulfides during catalysis. In this study, the possible loss of a sulfide has been investigated by model calculations. In previous studies, we have shown that there should be four activation steps before catalysis starts, and this study is based on that finding. It was found here that, after the four reductions in the activation steps, a sulfide will become very loosely bound and can be released in a quite exergonic step with a low barrier. The binding of N2 has no part in that release. In our previous studies, we suggested that the central carbide should be protonated three times after the four activation steps. With the new finding, there will instead be a loss of a sulfide, as the barrier for the loss is much lower than the ones for protonating the carbide. Still, it is suggested here that the carbide will be protonated anyway, but only with one proton, in the E3 to E4 step. A very complicated transition state for H2 formation involving a large structural change was obtained. The combined step, with a loss of H2 and binding of N2, is calculated to be endergonic by +2.3 kcal mol−1; this is in excellent agreement with experiments in which an easily reversible step has been found.
Upcycling of Municipal Glass and Aluminum Wastes for Synthesis of Hierarchical ZSM‐5
Authors: Huerta‐Muñoz Jorge G. , Guzmán‐Castillo María De Lourdes , Armendáriz‐Herrera Héctor , Valente Jaime S. , Aragón‐Piña Antonio , Cárdenas‐Galindo María‐Guadalupe , Handy Brent E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of MFI zeolite is explored through use of recycled aluminum (soda can tabs and aluminum foil) and silicon (crushed bottle glass) wastes, giving rise to highly crystalline ZSM‐5. The effects of impurities from the wastes on crystallinity, particle morphology, surface area, and porosity are studied (electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, N2 isotherms at 77 K), and highly crystalline microporousmesoporous MFI structure resulted. t‐plot and mesopore hysteresis trends showed that magnesium or chromium impurities in soda can tabs induce the formation of intracrystalline 2 nm sized supermicropores. Recycled aluminum transformed into pure aluminum hydroxide polymorphs (bayerite and gibbsite) for use with the synthesis gel. Glycerol is used as a green alternative to mineral base solutions to depolymerize powdered glass bottles to form the gel precursor to crystallization. The hydrothermal treatment of this gel with the aluminum foil dissolution, using tetra‐propylammonium bromide (TPABr) as directing agent, formed a hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite, in which ZSM‐5 zeolite nanocrystals are supported on an amorphous silico‐aluminate mesoporous material with a pore diameter centered at 4 nm. The upcycling of scrap Al and municipal glass to catalytic‐grade ZSM‐5 can potentially compete with existing processes and imparts positive social and environmental impacts.
Pd Reaction Intermediates in Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Characterized by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Xingshuo , Wei Zhenwei , Huang Kai‐Hung , Uehling Mycah , Wleklinski Michael , Krska Shane , Makarov Alexey A. , Nowak Timothy , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura (SM) coupling is widely utilized in the construction of carbon‐carbon bonds. In this study, nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI‐MS) is applied to simultaneously monitor precatalysts, catalytic intermediates, reagents, and products of the SM cross‐coupling reaction of 3‐Br‐5‐Ph‐pyridine and phenylboronic acid. A set of Pd cluster ions related to the monoligated Pd (0) active catalyst is detected, and its deconvoluted isotopic distribution reveals contributions from two neutral molecules. One is assigned to the generally accepted Pd(0) active catalyst, seen in MS as the protonated molecule, while the other is tentatively assigned to an oxidized catalyst which was found to increase as the reaction proceeds. Oxidative stress testing of a synthetic model catalyst 1,5‐cyclooctadiene Pd XPhos (COD−Pd‐XPhos) performed using FeCl3 supported this assignment. The formation and conversion of the oxidative addition intermediate during the catalytic cycle was monitored to provide information on the progress of the transmetalation step.
Phenotypic analysis of erythrocytes in sickle cell disease using imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Özpolat Tahsin , Chang Tim C. , Wu Xiaoping , St. John Alexander E. , Konkle Barbara A. , Chen Junmei , López José A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe morphology and other phenotypic characteristics of erythrocytes in sickle cell disease (SCD) have been analyzed for decades in patient evaluation. This involves a variety of techniques, including microscopic analysis of stained blood films, flow cytometry, and cell counting. Here, we analyzed SCD blood using imaging flow cytometry (IFC), a technology that combines flow cytometry and microscopy to enable simultaneous rapid‐throughput analysis of cellular morphology and cell‐surface markers. With IFC, we were able to automate quantification of poikilocytes from SCD blood. An important subpopulation of poikilocytes represented dense cells, although these could not be distinguished from other poikilocytes without first centrifuging the blood through density gradients. In addition, CD71‐positive RBCs from SCD patients had two subpopulations: one with high CD71 expression and a puckered morphology and another with lower CD71 expression and biconcave morphology and presumably representing a later stage of differentiation. Some RBCs with puckered morphologies that were strongly positive for DAPI and CD49d were in fact nucleated RBCs. IFC identified more phosphatidylserine‐expressing red cells in SCD than did conventional flow cytometry and these could also be divided into two subpopulations. One population had diffuse PS expression and appeared to be composed primarily of RBC ghosts; the other had lower overall PS expression present in intense, punctate dots overlying Howell‐Jolly bodies. This study demonstrates that IFC can rapidly reveal and quantify RBC features in SCD that require numerous tedious methods to identify conventionally. Thus, IFC is likely to be a useful technique for evaluating and monitoring SCD.
People's lived experience with an eating disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A joint virtual issue of research published in leading eating disorder journals
Authors: Weissman Ruth Striegel , Hay Phillipa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted people's daily life and contributed to adverse health and mental health outcomes. People with pre‐existing mental health conditions are particularly likely to experience symptom exacerbation. Complementing the adverse impacts of the pandemic are eating disorder specific risk factors for worsening of eating disorder symptoms and/or impeding treatment progress and recovery. For this joint Virtual Issue, we selected 15 articles that have been published in two leading journals in the field of eating disorders (International Journal of Eating Disorders and Journal of Eating Disorders) to highlight studies that offer information about individuals' lived experience with an eating disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In these studies, most participants reported worsening of eating disorder symptoms which they attributed to challenges arising from changes in daily routines including eating and exercise related habits, increased stress, and diminished social contacts. These research findings reported a mixed picture about patients' perceptions of the ease of the transition to virtual delivery of treatment and the quality of care they received during the pandemic. Qualitative studies suggested strategies for supporting people with eating disorders during pandemic conditions, with some of these holding promise for improving care for individuals who experience an eating disorder.
Dendritic cell functions in vivo: A user's guide to current and next‐ generation mutant mouse models
Authors: Dalod Marc , Scheu Stefanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDCs do not just excel in antigen presentation. They orchestrate information transfer from innate to adaptive immunity by sensing and integrating a variety of danger signals, and translating them to naïve T cells, to mount specifically tailored immune responses. This is accomplished by distinct DC types specialized in different functions and because each DC is functionally plastic, assuming different activation states depending on the input signals received. Mouse models hold the key to untangle this complexity and determine which DC types and activation states contribute to which functions. Here, we aim to provide comprehensive information for selecting the most appropriate mutant mouse strains to address specific research questions on DCs, considering three in vivo experimental approaches: (i) interrogating the roles of DC types through their depletion; (ii) determining the underlying mechanisms by specific genetic manipulations; (iii) deciphering the spatiotemporal dynamics of DC responses. We summarize the advantages, caveats, suggested use, and perspectives for a variety of mutant mouse strains, discussing in more detail the most widely used or accurate models. Finally, we discuss innovative strategies to improve targeting specificity and next‐generation mutant mouse models, and briefly address how humanized mouse models can accelerate translation into the clinic.
Effects of management practices on legume productivity in smallholder farming systems in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Muoni Tarirai , Jonsson Mattias , Duncan Alan J. , Watson Christine A. , Bergkvist Göran , Barnes Andrew P. , Öborn Ingrid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLegumes play a key role in food and nutrition security, providing livestock feed and contributing to soil fertility, in mixed smallholder farms in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The environmental conditions under which smallholder farming is practiced are highly heterogeneous with large differences in management practices among farms resulting in variable legume productivity. A meta‐analysis based on 128 publications was conducted to quantify the effects of intercropping, inoculation with rhizobia, minimum tillage and phosphorus application on legume grain and biomass yield and the amount of biological nitrogen fixation in a range of SSA contexts. To further explain the heterogeneity in the results, legume species, type of inoculant, P‐application rate, altitude, rainfall, soil characteristics and non‐legume companion crops were used as moderators. Intercropping as compared to sole cropping reduced legume biomass and grain yields to varying extents, although the total land equivalent ratio for the sum of the intercrops was higher than 1 (1.2–1.9) in all cases. Expressed as the relative land equivalent ratio (rLER) intercropping affected pigeonpea grain yield the least (rLER 0.9) and faba bean the most (rLER 0.3). The non‐legume companion crops explained some of the heterogeneity where maize and sorghum significantly reduced the legume yields. Inoculation and P application increased legume grain and biomass yield and moderators such as legume species, type of inoculant, soil organic carbon and soil pH further explained the different effects of the management practices on legume productivity. Minimum tillage had no effect on legume productivity, although less data were available than for the other practices. We conclude that intercropping with legumes improves overall productivity and that application of P fertilizer and inoculants increase legume grain and biomass yield. The effect varies with crop species, soil type and other environmental conditions, and this needs to be factored into tailored recommendations supporting decision making in smallholder farming.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of a heat pipe heat exchanger for energy recovery of exhaust air
Authors: Ali Sahar M. , Sarsam Wail S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeat pipes and two‐phase thermosyphon systems are passive heat transfer systems that employ a two‐phase cycle of a working fluid within a completely sealed system. Consequently, heat exchangers based on heat pipes have low thermal resistance and high effective thermal conductivity, which can reach up to the order of (105 W/(m K)). In energy recovery systems where the two streams should be unmixed, such as air‐conditioning systems of biological laboratories and operating rooms in hospitals, heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEs) are recommended. In this study, an experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the thermal performance of an air‐to‐air HPHE filled with two refrigerants as working fluids, R22 and R407c. The heat pipe heat exchanger used was composed of two rows of copper heat pipes in a staggered manner, with 11 pipes per row. Tests were conducted at different airflow rates of 0.14, 0.18, and 0.22 m3/h, evaporator inlet‐air temperatures of 40, 44, and 50°C, filling ratios of 45%, 70%, and 100%, and ratios of heat capacity rate of the evaporator to condenser sections (Ce/Cc) of 1 and 1.5. For HPHE's steady‐state operation, a mathematical model for heat‐transfer performance was set and solved using MATLAB. Results illustrated that the heat transfer rate was in direct proportion with the evaporator inlet‐air temperature and flow rate. The highest HPHE's effectiveness was obtained at a 100% filling ratio and (Ce/Cc) of 1.5. The predicted and experimental values of condenser outlet‐air temperature were in good agreement, with a maximum difference of 3%. HPHE's effectiveness was found to increase with the increase in evaporator inlet‐air temperature and number of transfer units (NTU) and with the decrease in airflow rate, up to 33% and 20% for refrigerants R22 and R407c, respectively. Refrigerant R22 was the superior of the two refrigerants investigated.
Multimodal covid network: Multimodal bespoke convolutional neural network architectures for COVID‐19 detection from chest X‐ray's and computerized tomography scans
Authors: Padmapriya Thiyagarajan , Kalaiselvi Thiruvenkatam , Priyadharshini Venugopal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAI‐based tools were developed in the existing works, which focused on one type of image data; either CXR's or computerized tomography (CT) scans for COVID‐19 prediction. There is a need for an AI‐based tool that predicts COVID‐19 detection from chest images such as Chest X‐ray (CXR) and CT scans given as inputs. This research gap is considered the core objective of the proposed work. In the proposed work, multimodal CNN architectures were developed based on the parameters and hyperparameters of neural networks. Nine experiments evaluate optimizers, learning rates, and the number of epochs. Based on the experimental results, suitable parameters are fixed for multimodal architecture development for COVID‐19 detection. We have constructed a bespoke convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture named multimodal covid network (MMCOVID‐NET) by varying the number of layers from two to seven, which can predict covid or normal images from both CXR's and CT scans. In the proposed work, we have experimented by constructing 24 models for COVID‐19 prediction. Among them, four models named MMCOVID‐NET‐I, MMCOVID‐NET‐II, MMCOVID‐NET‐III, and MMCOVID‐NET‐IV performed well by producing an accuracy of 100%. We obtained these results from a small dataset. So we repeated these experiments in a larger dataset. We inferred that MMCOVID‐NET‐III outperformed all the state‐of‐the‐art methods by producing an accuracy of 99.75%. The experiments carried out in this work conclude that the parameters and hyperparameters play a vital role in increasing or decreasing the model's performance.
Consultation and professional development within the prolonged exposure initiative
Authors: Pincus Liza E. , Brumfield Roz , Brown Lily A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have identified that ongoing consultation and organizational support are key factors in sustaining evidence‐based implementation initiatives in community mental health. Clinician‐level factors likely influence implementation but are not well delineated. This study assessed clinician‐reported professional development incentives for participating in consultation in prolonged exposure (PE) therapy to guide future evidence‐based practice (EBP) initiatives. Providers in the PE initiative (N = 22) completed a survey asking about their motivations to participate, the impact of consultation on the implementation of PE and their professional development goals, and the impact of organizational‐level support on their goals and on organizational‐level clinician turnover. Of the respondents,   10 had decided to pursue additional training to become PE consultants at their agencies. Providers (response rate = 22/35) reported joining the PE Initiative to learn an evidence‐based practice in general (not PE specifically) and increase their skill in treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Providers largely found ongoing consultation helpful and reported that consultation provided the feedback and support necessary to achieve their professional goals. Providers who decided to pursue PE consultant training reported that expanding upon supervision and clinical skills were strong motivators. Providers largely attributed clinician turnover within the PE Initiative to organizational‐level factors. Ongoing consultation facilitated providers’ professional development goals. The survey identified several areas for further exploration, including how consultation can reduce clinician turnover, and how taking on additional responsibility within implementation initiatives can facilitate provider engagement in the EBP.
Adenosine diphosphate ribose cyclase: An important regulator of human pathological and physiological processes
Authors: Zeng Feng , Zhu Ling , Liao Qianjin , Li Xin , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdenosine diphosphate ribose cyclase (ADPRC) exists widely in eukaryotes and lower metazoans cells. It can degrade nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) into cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and nicotinamide, and subsequently hydrolyses cADPR to ADP ribose (ADPR). In this paper, we have summarized the relative subcellular localization of ADPRC and enzymes with ADPRC activity in organisms, related enzyme family members of ADPRC are also described. In addition, we discussed the main biological functions of ADPRC, the regulation of Ca2+ signal, the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion, oxytocin secretion, and the effects of renal and pulmonary vasomotor tension. Finally, we expounded the relationship between ADPRC and human health and disease occurrence. It provides a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of ADPRC as a pharmacological tool for related diseases, and has important significance in clinical diagnosis and disease intervention.