bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densitometry, Image Analysis, and Interpretation of Aerial Color Infrared Photographs of Citrus
Authors: Blazquez C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spectral densitometry measurements of aerial color infrared (ACIR) photographs of citrus trees made from outer crown and tree center correlated well with visual grading of the photographs. Measurements made from 400 to 700 nm identified two intensity peaks at 480 to 490 nm (I1) and another between 610 to 620 nm (I2). Spectral ratios (SR) (I1/I2) <0.69 were associated with healthy trees visual grade 0 (VG 0, 0% stress), ratios >0.86 were associated with moderate and severely stressed trees (VG 1, 2, 3; 25%, 50%, and 75% stress, respectively), and ratios >1.28 were found only in dead trees (VG 4, 100% stress). A formula whereby the absolute difference between wavelengths of the two peaks (DSR) was divided by the SR improved the accuracy of analysis of the densitometric measurements, making the separation of stressed trees more distinct. Image analysis of color infrared transparencies of groves indicated positive correlations between: 1) transmitted light brightness and dark class 1, 2) dark classes 1 and 2, and 3) gray levels 2 and 3. These results suggest that densitometric measurements were equal or better than visual grading and could be used in an automated system to count and separate stressed from healthy trees.
CALEX/Peaches, an Expert System for the Diagnosis of Peach and Nectarine Disorders
Authors: Plant R. E. , Zalom F. G. , Young J. A. , Rice R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An expert decision support system for agricultural management called CALEX is currently being developed. The program runs on any IBM compatible personal computer with 256K or more of memory and either two floppy disk drives or a hard disk and one floppy disk drive.
A Forcing Unit for Belgian Endive
Authors: Sterrett S. B. , Savage C. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus L.) is an important salad vegetable in Europe (Ryder, 1979; Yamaguchi, 1983). The increasing per-capita consumption of Belgian endive in Europe and in urban areas of the United States, and its high market value (Corey and Whitney, 1987), indicates increasing potential marketing opportunities for this crop. Markets in the United States prefer firm, well-closed (tight), white chicons (blanched, edible head) that, on average, are 10 to 20 cm long and weigh 60 to 110 g (Hill, 1987; Ryder, 1979). Production of the chicons involves growing and harvesting the roots, storing the roots at –1 to 3C for vernalization, and then forcing them (Corey and Whitney, 1987), Blanched chicons are obtained by forcing vernalized roots in soil or hydroponically in the dark.
Microspray Applicator and Enclosure for Administering Chemicals to Plants
Authors: Bauer Edmund O. , Michler Charles H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In our research on producing herbicide-tolerant hybrid poplars through somaclonal variation in microculture (Michler and Bauer, 1987; Michler and Bauer, 1988; Michler and Haissig, 1988), we had to test herbicide-tolerant plants in the greenhouse by spraying small volumes of herbicide on them. To do this, we needed an accurate, small-volume spray applicator. It was necessary to apply volumes of 10-5 liters to single immature trees at concentrations equal to field dosages. Other available small-volume spray applicators did not allow for application of single-tree dosages (McWhorter et al., 1988). The maximum plant size for efficient application with minimal drift was 15 to 18 cm or less crown diameter, sprayed from a maximum distance of 76 cm.
Three Brachytic Dwarf Peach Cultivars: Valley Gem, Valley Red, and Valley Sun
Authors: Hansche Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
These are the first three cultivars to be released from a breeding program, initiated in 1976 at the Univ. of California, Davis (UCD), directed toward the elimination of ladder operations in the commercial production of shipping peaches and nectarines. The recessive dw allele of the Dw/dw gene is being employed to control tree size (4, 5). The recessive allele of this gene reduces internode length from the 1.8 + 0.31 cm found in standard trees to 0.77 ± 0.2 cm, thus compressing the canopy to about one-fifth that of standard cultivars. In addition to controlling tree size, this gene appears to facilitate precocious production and, at maturity, a near doubling of productivity over that of standard cultivars as they are normally grown in California; i.e., at a density of about 264 trees/ha (3). This high productivity appears to be due to these brachytic dwarfs generating about the same number of flowers, fruit, and leaves as standard trees, but on far less wood (3, 4). In our experience, the ripening of fruit on trees dwarfed by this gene is considerably more uniform than that borne on standard trees. We have not studied the basis of this phenomenon.
‘UC-T3 Somaclone’: Celery Germplasm Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii., race 2
Authors: Heath-Pagliuso S. , Pullman J. , Rappaport L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A major problem facing the celery grower is a lack of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, race 2 (FOA2) in many of the commonly grown celery cultivars. One approach to alleviate this deficiency is to use cell culture for inducing new genetic variation. ‘UC-T3 Somaclone’ is an inbred celery line obtained from a cell-suspension culture of the highly susceptible ‘Tall-Utah 5270R’, Apium graveolens L. In field trials, progeny of this selection consistently out-perform the parental line with respect to FOA2 resistance (Heath-Pagliuso et al., 1988).
The Challenge of Commercial Production Cost Accounting in Nursery Management—A Practical Exercise
Authors: McClelland M. T. , Smith M. A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Determining the cost of producing individual plants is one of the most essential, yet difficult, responsibilities of a nursery manager (Dinter, 1988; Taylor et al., 1986). An abundance of interacting and unpredictable variables exert enormous influence on the cost of production. Despite the complexity of the task, controlling production through accurate cost accounting is imperative to establish long-range business plans, evaluate and compare alternative production methods, and ultimately increase profits (Anderson and Raiborn, 1977; Davidson and Mecklenburg, 1981; Furuta, 1978; Pappas and Brigham, 1979).
Expert Systems: Advanced Artificial Intelligence Concepts for Integrated Crop Management
Authors: Sullivan G. H. , Ooms W. J. , Wilcox G. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current problems centering upon profitability in agriculture have generated increased pressure for production diversification and management efficiency (USDA, 1987). Expanding market opportunities and relatively high gross economic returns have made horticultural enterprises a primary focus of farm production diversification initiatives nationwide. However, the economic success of such diversification initiatives often has been jeopardized by failure of producers to comprehensively evaluate the integrated requirements for capital, equipment, labor, and management resources in the decisionmaking process (Sullivan et al., 1988b).
Cell Size of Seedling Containers Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon
Authors: Hall Melvin R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dry weight of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] transplants grown in flats containing 39.5-cm3 cells were three times greater than when grown in 18.8-cm3 cells. Early vine growth was more advanced from transplanted than from direct-seeded plants and from transplants grown in the larger cells. Also, late and total tonnage yields were higher with transplanted than direct-seeded vines and with 39.5 rather than 18.8 cm3 cells for ‘Charleston Gray’, but not ‘Crimson Sweet’ transplanted watermelons. Cell size did not influence number of fruits, but more fruits were produced with transplanted than direct-seeded vines of both cultivars.
Acidifying Agents, Uptake, and Physiological Activity of Gibberellin A3 in Citrus
Authors: Greenberg J. , Goldschmidt E. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acidification of treatment solutions from pH 7 to 4, with either citrate-phosphate (CP) buffer or with dimethylglutaric acid–NaOH (DMG) buffer, increased [14C]GA3 uptake by ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) peel. Acidification was effective also when wax was removed with organic solvents and under low and high relative humidity. The GA3-induced delay of coloration of ‘Minneola’ (Citrus paradisi × C. reticulata Blanco) tangelo and ‘Ortanique’ (C. sinensis × C. reticulata) was increased similarly by acidification with either buffer. Acidification with either buffer permitted the use of lower GA3 concentrations than those required to obtain the same physiological effect with neutral solutions. Acidification also delayed fruit senescence in field trials with ‘Clementine’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) tangerines sprayed with 5 ppm GA3 + 0.1% H3PO4. Uptake of [14C]GA3 progressively increased by reducing pH from 7 to 3. With [3H]GA4, acidification improved the uptake only in the range of pH 8 to 5. This difference seems to be related to the more lipophilic nature of GA4.
Ethylene Production and Wound Healing in Sweet Potato Roots
Authors: St. Amand P. C. , Randle W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cured storage roots of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Centennial] were wounded and recured for 12 days with or without 2,5-norbornadiene, AOA, or CoCl2 treatments. Ethylene production, wound lignification, and wound periderm formation were measured 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after wounding. Ethylene production preceded wound lignification and wound periderm formation by 24 to 48 hr, respectively. Blocking ethylene action with 2,5-norbornadiene increased ethylene production, blocked wound periderm formation for up to 12 days, and strongly suppressed and delayed lignification. Blocking ethylene synthesis with AOA or CoCl2 decreased ethylene production to 10% of the control. Lignification and wound periderm formation were also suppressed and initiation delayed. These results suggest that ethylene is involved in lignification and periderm formation in wounded sweet potato roots. Chemical names used: bicyclo[2.2.l]hepta-2,5-diene (2,5-norbornadiene); (aminooxy) acetic acid (AOA).
Cut Flower Vaselife is Little-affected by Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Authors: Peary James S. , Prince Timothy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A survey of seven known lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors showed that 0.1 mm DHN in a vase solution extended ‘Royalty’ rose vaselife by 2.5 days. Phenidone (PHE) did not enhance rose vaselife. Subsequent experiments showed no effect or a decrease in vaselife from both PHE and DHN application on roses, gladioli, and carnations. Sugar source and pH of the solution did not influence the effectiveness of the inhibitors on carnations. Carnations previously held without water for 24 hr showed only a minor increase in vaselife (2.6 days) from application of a vase solution containing 0.1 mm PHE. The commercial usefulness of LOX inhibitors in floral preservatives is therefore questionable. Chemical names used: 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone (phenidone); 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene (DHN).
Cold Acclimation of Asparagus Seedlings Subjected to Low Temperatures or Water Stress
Authors: Burrows Rhoda L. , Waters Luther , Markhart Albert H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three- to 4-month-old seedlings of an improved selection of Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Mary Washington were artificially hardened and crowns subjected to controlled freezing tests. Two low-temperature acclimation regimes were used. The first was 3C for 0, 1, or 2 weeks before freezing at 0, −5, or − 10C; the second, 3C for 0, 1.5, or 3 weeks, followed by freezing at 0, −2.5, −4.5, −6.5, or −8.5C. Regrowth tests showed that hardiness increased with 2 and 3 weeks of acclimation, with tolerance to −5 and −6.5C, respectively. Water-stressed seedlings (relative water content at 57%) withstood exposure to −5C, but not to −6.5C; rehydrated crowns and well-watered controls were hardy to −3.5C.
Improved Micropropagation of Begonia × hiemalis by Maintaining Donor Plants in Long-day Conditions
Authors: Simmonds J. A. , Nelson S. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of donor plant photoperiod on subsequent in vitro adventitious bud production of Begonia × hiemalis (Fotsch) cv. Schwabenland Pink was monitored by sampling petiole explants from plants maintained in either short- (8 hr, SD) or long-day (16 hr, LD) photoperiods. Adventitious bud production on SD and LD explants was similar for the first 28 days of treatment. A subsequent loss of regenerative capacity occurred in SD explants and was associated with the changing physiological status of the donor plant. Maintaining donor plants in LD increased bud production and extended the time during which the donor plants could be used effectively in commercial micropropagation programs.
Use of a Portable Pumping and Filtering Unit for On-farm Plastic Mulch–Drip Irrigation Demonstrations
Authors: Lamont W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the primary missions of the Agricultural Extension Service in each state is to reach agricultural producers with new technology. One of the best educational resources available to accomplish this mission is the on-farm demonstration program. Demonstrations provide a vital link between the researchers and the agricultural producers. The use of the portable pumping and filtering unit in an extension on-farm demonstration provides growers with the opportunity to observe plastic-mulch–drip-irrigation technology and also allows extension specialists to provide valuable training to county extension personnel.
Estimation of Seed Traces in Grape Berries by Inhibition of Luciferase Activity
Authors: Perl M. , Lavi U. , Spiegel Roy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In examining the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesizing system in seeds, an inhibitory effect of seeds on luciferase activity was detected (4). This study describes possible use of the luciferin-luciferase system for a better definition of the amount of seed traces in grape berries. With growing consumer preference for seedless table grapes and raisins, breeding of stenospermocarpic grape cultivars is of great interest. Stenospermocarpic grapes yield considerably larger seedless berries than parthenocarpic ones, but also often possess seedcoats that develop into hard, stony tissue (2). An objective definition of the amount of seed rudiments would be of considerable value in breeding for seedlessness and in assessing environmental or plant growth regulator effects.
Priming sh2 Sweet Corn Seed for Improved Emergence
Authors: Gerber John M. , Caplan Larry A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mutant endosperm gene in corn (Zea mays L.), shrunken-2 (sh2), is associated with poor seedling emergence in cold soils (Churchill and Andrew, 1984). Although poor emergence has been attributed to a variety of factors, it is known that cold injury during imbibition is usually more severe in seeds that have a low moisture content at planting (Simon and Wiebe, 1975). Seeds of crops that have been partially hydrated at a warm temperature (primed) before low-temperature treatment have shown improved emergence. A high initial moisture content partially protects corn seed from the detrimental effects of cold imbibition (Cal and Obendorf, 1972). No published information is available on the response of sh2 genotypes to pretreatment by seed priming.
In-transit Neem Insecticide Treatment of Rooted Chrysanthemum Cuttings Controls Leafminer
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Oetting Ronald D. , Smith Durward A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Environmental concerns and disadvantages of synthetic insecticides have stimulated interest in natural chemicals derived from plants for insect control. Extracts from seeds of the neem tree (Azidirachta indica A. Juss) have attracted attention as an insecticide not only because of its broad spectrum action, but also because it has demonstrated uncommon safety to man and warm-blooded animals and the environment (Henkes, 1986). Furthermore, neem extract has been reported to act systemically to effectively control serpentine leafminer (Liromyza trifolii Burgess), a serious pest on ornamentals and vegetables due mainly to pesticide resistance (Larew et al., 1984; Lindquist et al., 1986; Stein and Parrella, 1985; Webb et al., 1983). Larew et al. (1984) demonstrated that neem soil drenches provided systemic control of L. trifolii for up to 3 weeks. Lindquist et al. (1986) investigated the use of neem insecticide (Margosan-O) as a preshipping crop treatment by soaking bare root cuttings in neem solutions. Their 2- to 4-hr soaks (3.0% Margosan-O) effectively controlled leafminers for 4 weeks. The objective of this study was to determine if a simple in-transit application method could provide control of serpentine leafminers on chrysanthemum.
Bird Damage to Apples in the Mid-Hudson Valley of New York
Authors: Tobin M. E. , Dolbeer R. A. , Woronecki P. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted during 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the nature, extent, and severity of bird depredations on ripening apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York. During the first year of the study, information was solicited through cooperative extension fruit agents, in fruit-grower newsletters, and at fruit-grower meetings. In addition, growers were questioned and bird damage was looked for during the course of other projects in orchards. Whenever damage was found, the owner or manager was interviewed, the planting was inspected, and the overall percentage of crop damaged (<1%, 1% to 10%, >10%) was recorded.
‘Simone’ Grape
Authors: Reynolds A. G. , Denby L. G. , Bouthillier M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A consistent desire for a uniquely flavored seedless table grape has prompted the release of ‘Simone’. Unlike its sister seedling ‘Sovereign Coronation’ (Denby, 1977), ‘Simone’ possesses a very mild labruscana flavor character. It is a blue, seedless, midseason table grape that matures at Summerland in late September.
Heterosis for Vegetative Growth in Indeterminate Lima Beans
Authors: Schoneweis Susan , Erickson H. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vegetative yield of F1 hybrid lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) involving tropical × temperate climate accessions exceeded the high parent by > 100% in some cases. This hybrid vigor might be exploited in warm climates where the species is perennial by resorting to asexual propagation of rooted cuttings. Vigorous root systems of cuttings developed within 10 days at temperatures as high as 33C.
Polyploids of Camellia through Culture of Somatic Embryos
Authors: Kato Michiyo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Somatic embryos of camellia (Camellia japonica L.) were differentiated from single cells of hypocotyl explants placed on Murashige and Skoog medium containing GA3. When these somatic embryos were treated with 0.1% colchicine for 1 week, secondary polyploid embryos formed on the hypocotyl of primary embryos. On MS + GA3 medium, polyploid embryos proliferated in a similar manner during subsequent subcultures. These polyploid embryos developed into plantlets that exhibited autopolyploid morphological characteristics.
Hand-held Powered Turfgrass Mower for Small Containers
Authors: Schmidt Richard E. , Shepherd Frederick M. , Goatley James M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A hand-held electric-powered disk grinder, with a rotation frequency of 12,500 rpm, was modified as a rotary turf mower designed for rapid clipping collection with minimal disturbance of the root zone of turfgrass grown in small containers. The mower housing and discharge tube were constructed from PVC pipe. Beveled edges of a tempered steel blade generated sufficient air flow inside the mower housing when the blade was rotated rapidly to transport clippings through the discharge tube into a catcher. The friction-held catcher, constructed from PVC pipe that could be rapidly attached and removed from the exhaust tube, was capped with a fine mesh aluminum wire screen that permitted air flow exhaust. Mowing surface guides of heavy gauge wire were used to obtain uniform mowing heights. Mowing small containers with the hand-held power mower reduced operational time 62%, when compared to hand-operated clippers.
OPS: A Computer Program for Estimating Optimum Plot Size for Field Research
Authors: Durner Edward F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The number of replicates (sample size) and the size of replicates (plot size) are important considerations in the design of plant science experiments. Sample size has recently been addressed by several authors (Snedecor and Cochran, 1980; Trout and Marini, 1984). Plot size is also important since smaller plots allow greater replication in a given area, but larger plots often have lower variances and are thus more statistically desirable.
Anthesis and Abscission of Blue Jade Vine Flowers Treated with Ethephon and AOA
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Johnston Edward , Nagao Mike 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The blue jade vine (BJV) (Strongylodon macrobotrys Gray.) is a popular ornamental in the tropics because of its spectacular floral display. In Hawaii, the BJV is a perennial and flowers sequentially from October to January. The flowers usually abscise 1 to 2 days after anthesis. We evaluated effects of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, on BJV flower abscission.
Response of Anthurium and Weeds to Four Preemergence Herbicides
Authors: DeFrank Joseph , Easton-Smith Virginia A. , Higaki Tadashi , Imamura Joanne S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Andre) production in Hawaii is an important industry with a total sales value in 1986 of $10 million (Davis, 1986). Previous reports identify several herbicides that can be safely used in anthurium production (Higaki, 1974; Kasasian, 1961). Currently, diuron is the only standard herbicide used in commercial anthurium production in Hawaii and is used in preemergence and early postemergence spray applications (recommended rates 0.3 to 0.6 kg·ha−1). The objective of this research was to evaluate commercially available herbicides that could expand the weed control spectrum beyond diuron without reducing flower quality and yield.
UGA 1-MS Male-sterile Eggplant Germplasm
Authors: Phatak Sharad C. , Jaworski Casimir A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nuclear male-sterile mutants may occur regularly in self-pollinated crops (Frankel and Galum, 1977). Male sterility has been reported in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) (Chauhan, 1984; Jasmin, 1954; Nuttall, 1963). Heterosis in eggplant was discussed by Sambandum (1962). Most intercultivar crosses of eggplant express hybrid vigor and improved characteristics of economic importance, particularly yield (Sambandum, 1962). UGA 1-MS is released as a germplasm source for male sterility, a trait that should facilitate the development of commercial hybrids (Driscoll, 1985).