bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Women Workers in Surabaya, East Java,Indonesia, in Meeting Families’ Needs During the Covid-19 Pandemic: a Maqāṣid Sharīah Perspective
Authors: Musyafaah Nur Lailatul , Elda Kusafara  , Firda Maknun Hasanah  , Anas Bustomi  , Hammis Syafaq  
Published: June 2022

This research studied the role of women workers in Surabaya in meeting the family’s needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. As field research, it employed a qualitative approach. The data was collected through interviews with 12 women workers and observation at the respondents’ workplaces from November 2021 to April 2022. This research concluded that women workers have a significant role in meeting the family’s needs during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Their role comes in three categories: First, they work to help husbands in meeting primary needs because the husband’s salary cannot cover the whole bill. Second, they work to meet the family’s secondary needs because the husband’s salary is only sufficient for the family's primary needs. Third, they work to meet primary and secondary needs because no one provides so. In the perspective of maqāṣid shariah, their role are according to the principle of maintaining property (ḥifẓ al-māl). The first role is according to the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl in the category maṣlaḥah ḍarūriyyāt. The second role accords to the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl in maṣlaḥa ḥajiyyāt and the third role is according to the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl in maṣlaḥah ḍarūriyyāt and maṣlaḥah ḥajiyyāt.
PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM KUE LEMPER TERDAMPAK COVID-19 DENGAN MENGOPTIMALKAN PENDAPATAN MELALUI MEDIA DIGITAL DAN BRANDING UMKM KUE LEMPER DI KEBONSARI
Authors: Syahputri Siela Sudy , Awwaliyah Intan Nurul 
Published: June 2022

Kelurahan Kebonsari adalah salah satu kelurahan yang berada di Kecamatan Sumbersari, Kabupaten Jember. Kabupaten Jember sendiri terdiri dari 31 Kecamatan, 22 Kelurahan, dan 226 Desa. Kabupaten Jember merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki banyak pelaku usaha mikro kecil, dan menengah. Salah satu UMKM yang ada di Kebonsari adalah UMKM Kue Lemper milik Ibu Nining. Situasi pandemi seperti sekarang membuat banyak pelaku usaha mengalami kebangkrutan karena tidak mampu beradaptasi dengan kondisi yang baru. Dampak covid-19 ini juga dirasakan oleh Ibu Nining selaku pemilik UMKM kue lemper yang berada di Kebonsari. Permasalahan utama yang diahadapi adalah menurunnya penjualan karena pembatasan mobilitas dan kegiatan masyarakat. Selain itu, belum adanya brand dan kurangnya pengoptimalan teknologi juga menjadi masalah yang dihadapi oleh UMKM. Maka dari itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan UMKM yang terdampak covid 19. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mengoptimalkan pendapatan melalui pemanfaatan media digital dan pemberian branding. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berlangsung selama 30 hari mulai tanggal 11 Agustus 2021 sampai dengan 9 September 2021. Sasaran kegiatan pengabdian kali ini adalah salah satu UMKM Kue Lemper di Kebonsari. Hasil yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah mendongkrak pendapatan UMKM dengan memanfaatkan media digital dan juga branding.
Hadis Matla’ Hilal
Authors: Frifana Sherly Olyfiya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The aim of this study is to elaborate the methods used in determining matla 'according to the criteria of mass organizations in Indonesia as well as reviewing the opinions of imam madzab regarding the enactment of matla', both global and local. This study departs from several problems in Indonesia, namely the determination of the beginning of the month of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhulhijjah. Some of the mass organizations in Indonesia, especially NU, Muhammadiyah, and the Government have different determinations, especially in matla' (place) to see the new moon. The research method used is qualitative.The type of data used is secondary data with data collection techniques through books and journal texts. The results of this study indicate that matla 'is very influential in determining the visibility of the new moon at altitude (matla'), so that in this case the determination of the beginning of the month various mass organizations in Indonesia have many differences in determining the beginning of the month of Hijriyah, Shawwal, and Zulhijjah. Even the opinions of the Imam of the madzab differ, but Indonesia adheres to the Shafi'i madzab in determining matlak. It is recommended that in Indonesia each mass organization discusses its determination, both in terms of the beginning of the month and the matla '(place).
Abstrak:
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan matla’ menurut kriteria ormas-ormas di Indonesia serta mengkaji pendapat imam madzab mengenai berlakunya matla’, baik global maupun lokal. Penelitian ini berangkat dari beberapa permasalahan yang ada di Indonesia, yaitu adanya penetapan awal bulan Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Dzulhijjah. Beberapa dari ormasormas di Indonesia khususnya NU, Muhammadiyah, dan Pemerintah berbeda penentuan, terutama pada matla’ (tempat) untuk melihat hilal dan terbitnya hilal. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui buku dan teks jurnal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa matla’ sangat berpengaruh terhadap penetuan visibilitas hilal pada ketinggian tempat (matla’), sehingga dalam hal ini penentuan awal bulan berbagai ormas-ormas yang ada di Indonesia banyak perbedaan dalam menetapkan awal bulan Hijriyah, Syawal, dan Zulhijjah. Bahkan pendapat imam madzab berbeda-beda, tetapi Indonesia menganut madzab Syafi’I dalam penentuan matlak. Sebaiknya di Indonesia setiap ormas berdiskusi mengenai penentuannya, baik dari segi awal bulan maupun matla’ (tempat).
Sistem Penaggalan Baha’i Persfektif Astronomi
Authors: Ridhallah Alaik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The Baha'i calendar is a thought and modification made by a Baha'i religious figure namely Baha'ullah, or on Indonesian called “Sang Bab”. This almanac began in 1844 M. with the reason that year the Chapter proclaimed it. So this year is named year 1 of the Baha'i Era. There are 7 days, the beginning of the day is Saturday. The amaunt of month are 19, each had 19 days. One year is 361 days. The Calender have 19-year cycle is called Vahid, if it has gone through 19 Vahid cycles (361 years) called Kulli Shay-i. The beginning of the year falls between the 21st or 20th of March by adjusting whenever the Vernal Equinox (spring entry) is at the Aries point. The names of the months and days taken from attributes related God, the philosophy of the number 19 is taken from the number of letters in the Bismillahirrahmanirrahim sentence. The Baha'i Calendar is a calendar that will always spin and recycle with a total of 7 days in talks. There are 19 months, 19 days each. One year is 361 days. Having a 19-year cycle called Vahid, 19 times the Vahid cycle (361 years) is called Kulli Shay-i. The beginning of the year falls between the 21st or 20th March adjusting the Vernal Equinox at the Aries point. There are additional days (Ayyam-I Haa-i) 4 days in Basitoh and 5 days in Leap years, so that the beginning of the year falls on the same date. The Baha’i calendar system uses the celestial body, the Sun, as the object of use, then it includes the “Shamsiyah” calendar (Solar Calendar).
Abstrak:
Kalender Baha’i merupakan pemikiran dan modifikasi yang dilakukan tokoh agama Baha’i yaitu Baha’ullah (Sang Bab). Almanak ini diawali mulai tahun 1844 M dengan alasan pada tahun itu Sang Bab memproklamirkan dirinya. Maka tahun tersebut dinamakan tahun 1 dari Era Baha’i (EB). Berjumlah 7 hari, awal hari adalah Sabtu. Bulannya berjumlah 19, masing-masing terdapat 19 hari. Satu tahun Berjumlah 361 hari. Mempunyai siklus 19 tahunan disebut Vahid, jika sudah melalui 19 kali siklus Vahid (361 tahun) dinamakan Kulli Shay-i. Awal tahun jatuh antara tanggal 21 atau 20 Maret dengan menyesuaikan kapan terjadinya Vernal Equinox (masuknya musim semi) pada titik Aries. Nama-nama bulan dan harinya diambil dari atribut yang ada kaitannya dengan Tuhan, filosofi angka 19 itu diambil dari jumlah huruf yang ada dalam lafadz Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Kalender Baha’i merupakan kalender yang akan selalu berputar dan daur tetap dengan jumlah 7 hari dalam seminggu. Berjumlah 19 Bulan, masing-masing terdapat 19 hari. Satu tahun Berjumlah 361 hari. Mempunyai siklus 19 tahunan disebut Vahid, 19 kali siklus Vahid (361 tahun) dinamakan Kulli Shay-i. Awal tahun jatuh antara tanggal 21 atau 20 Maret menyesuaikan terjadinya Vernal Equinox pada titik Aries. Adanya hari-hari tambahan (Ayyam-I Haa-i) 4 hari pada tahun Basitoh dan 5 hari pada tahun Kabisat, agar awal tahun jatuh pada tanggal yang sama. Sistem penanggalan Baha’i menggunakan benda langit yaitu Matahari sebagai acuan penggunaan, maka termasuk penanggalan Syamsiyah (Solar Calender).
Penentuan Awal Waktu Salat (Awal Waktu Salat Asar, Magrib, dan Isya Berdasarkan Hadis Nabi)
Authors: Qomariyah Nur 
Published: June 2022

This study departs from the issue of differences of opinion in determining the beginning of the time of the traditional prayer, sunset and evening among Muslim scholars. Some scholars say that the beginning of the Prayer time is when the shadow of the object is the same as the object itself. Some other scholars claim that the beginning of the time of Asar Prayer is when the shadow of the object is longer than the object. Whereas in determining the beginning of the evening prayer times there is no difference except in determining the end of the prayer times. Determining the beginning of the evening prayer time there is no difference but in determining the end of the prayer. Factually, in Indonesia there is now widespread dissent and correction of the beginning of the evening prayer in terms of the position of the sun below the horizon (whether 18 ° or 11.1 °). It should be noted that the initial determinations of the time of the prayer would not have been effective when confronted with the problem of high latitudes of Muslims (circumpolar region ), such as the North and South Poles. Considering that prayer is a vital worship for Muslims, a study is needed from original sources, namely the Koran and al-Hadith to mediate differences of opinion which are then implicated in society. The belief that there is a wisdom hidden from the differences in the initial determination of this prayer will lead us to a way out that will be proven slowly by the Koran and al-Hadith.

Penelitian ini berangkat dari persoalan mengenai perbedaan pendapat dalam menentukan awal waktu salat asar, magrib, dan isya dikalangan para ulama muslim. Sebagian ulama mengatakan bahwa awal waktu salat asar adalah ketika bayang-bayang benda sama dengan benda itu sendiri. Sedangkan ulama yang lain mengklaim bahwa awal waktu salat asar yaitu ketika bayang-bayang benda lebih panjang dari benda tersebut. Dalam menentukan awal waktu salat magrib tidak ada perbedaan kecuali penentuan akhir waktu salatnya. Begitu pula dalam menentukan awal waktu salat isya tidak ada perbedaan kecuali pada penentuan akhir salatnya. Faktanya, di Indonesia kini marak perbedaan pendapat dan pengkoreksian terhadap awal waktu salat isya ditinjau dari posisi matahari dibawah ufuk (apakah 18° atau 11,1°). Perlu diketahui bahwa penentuan-penentuan awal waktu salat tersebut kiranya tidak akan berjalan efektif ketika dihadapkan dalan persoalan lintang tempat umat Islam yang tinggi (daerah sikumpolar) seperti di Kutub Utara dan Kutub Selatan. Mengingat salat adalah ibadah yang vital bagi umat Islam, maka diperlukanlah sebuah penelitian dari sumber asli, yaitu al-Qur?n dan al-Had?s untuk menengahi perbedaan pendapat tersebut yang kemudian diimplikasikan dalam masyarakat. Keyakinan adanya sebuah hikmah yang tersembunyi dari perbedaan-perbedaan penentuan awal waktu salat ini akan menunutun kita kepada jalan keluar yang akan dibuktikan secara perlahan-lahan oleh al-Qur?n dan al-Had?s.
Pandangan Tokoh Agama Terhadap Tingkat Akurasi Arah Kiblat Masjid-Masjid Se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat Menggunakan Istiwaaini
Authors: Shalihah Khalifatus 
Published: June 2022

Qibla direction is a very important thing for Muslims, especially when they are going to pray. Facing the Qibla is a legitimate requirement in prayer. Thus the researchers carried out this study which aimed to determine the accuracy of the Qibla direction of the mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency and to find out how the religious figure responses to the level of Qibla direction of mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency Using Istiwaaini. This research is a type of field research with qualitative methods. There are 9 mosques that were became the object of this research. Overall the mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency are have an inaccurate Qibla direction. The deviation of the inaccurate qibla direction varies between 1° - 21°.

Arah kiblat merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi umat Islam, khususnya ketika hendak melakukan ibadah shalat. Menghadap kiblat merupakan syarat sah dalam shalat. Dengan demikian peneliti melaksanakan penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi arah kiblat masjid-masjid se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon atau pandangan tokoh agama terhadap tingkat akurasi arah kiblat masjid-masjid se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat Menggunakan Istiwaaini. Penelitian ini berjenis field research dengan metode kualitatif. Secara keseluruhan, 9 masjid di Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang menjadi objek penelitian ini mengalami kemelencengan arah kiblat. Kemelencengan arah kiblat tersebut bervariasi antara 1°- 21°.
Teleskop Ioptron Cube II dalam Penentuan Arah Kiblat
Authors: Izzuddin Ahmad , Rahman Muhammad Habibur , Riza Muhammad Himmatur 
Published: June 2022

Perkembangan metode-metode pengukuran arah kiblat di Indonesia sangat pesat, dari pengukruan menggunakan alat bantu tradisonal seperti Rubu’ Mujayyab sampai menggunakan alat bantu modern seperti Theodolite. Saat ini theodolite merupakan alat bantu yang dianggap paling akurat dalam pengukuran arah kiblat. Namun banyak yang tidak menyadari bahwa Teleskop juga dapat digunakan untuk alat bantu pegukuran arah kiblat yang tingkat akurasinya tidak kalah dengan theodolite, karena dalam ilmu falak Telskop hanya difungsikan untuk kegiatan rukyatul hilal dan pengamatan gerhana. Penelitan ini dilakukan untuk mengenalkan kepada halayak umum terkait fungsi teleskop dalam menentukan arah kiblat sekaligus menambah khazanah keilmuan dalam ilmu falak. Dari praktik pengukuran yang telah dilakukan, ternyata teleskop terbulti layak dan akurat untuk menentukan arah kiblat.
Dose reduction potential in dual-energy subtraction chest radiography based on the relationship between spatial-resolution property and segmentation accuracy of the tumor area
Authors: Onodera Shu , Lee Yongbum , Kawabata Tomoyoshi 
Published: June 2022

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">We investigated the relationship between the spatial-resolution property of soft tissue images and the lesion detection ability using U-net. We aimed to explore the possibility of dose reduction during energy subtraction chest radiography. The correlation between the spatial-resolution property of each dose image and the segmentation accuracy of the tumor area in the four regions where the tumor was placed was evaluated using linear regression analysis. The spatial-resolution property was determined by task-based evaluation, and the task-based modulation transfer function (TTF) was computed as its index. TTFs of the reference dose image and the 75 % dose image showed almost the same frequency characteristics regardless of the location of the tumor, and the Dice coefficient also high. When the tumor was located in the right supraclavicular region and under 50 % dose, the frequency characteristics were significantly reduced, and the Dice coefficient was also low. Our results showed a close relationship between the spatial-resolution property and the segmentation accuracy of tumor area using deep learning in dual-energy subtraction chest radiography. In conclusion, a dose reduction of approximately 25 % compared to the conventional method can be achieved. The limitations are the shape of the simulated mass and the use of chest phantom.</span></p>
Surgical Anatomy of the Radial Nerve at the Dorsal Region of the Humerus
Authors: Welle Kristian , Prangenberg Christian , Hackenberg Roslind K. , Gathen Martin , Dehghani Faramarz , Kabir Koroush 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Surgery for humeral shaft fractures is associated with a high risk of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (RNP). Plausible causes are difficult anatomical conditions and variants.

Methods:
We performed a cadaveric study with 23 specimens (13 female and 10 male Caucasian donors) to assess the course and anatomy of the radial nerve (RN) with its branches alongside the humeral shaft. The accuracy of identification of the RN in the surgical field was analyzed by measuring the location, course, diameter, and form of each nerve and vessel of interest.

Results:
The RN is not a single structure running alongside the humeral shaft; at least 4 parallel structures crossed the dorsal humerus in all subjects. The RN was accompanied by 2 vessels and at least 1 other nerve, which we named the musculocutaneous branch (MCB). With an oval profile and an average diameter of 3.1 mm (range, 2.6 to 3.8 mm), the MCB was thinner but, in some cases, close to the average diameter of 4.7 mm (range, 4.0 to 5.2 mm) of the RN, which had a round profile. Both accompanying vessels had similar diameters: 3.5 mm (range, 2.6 to 4.2 mm) for the radial collateral artery and 4.0 mm (range, 2.9 to 4.4 mm) for the medial collateral artery. In 20 (87%) of the cases, the RN ran proximal to and in 3 (13%) of the cases, distal to the MCB. Furthermore, a distal safe zone of at least 110 mm (range, 110 to 160 mm) was found, measured from the radial (lateral) epicondyle proximally.

Conclusions:
The RN does not cross the dorsal humerus alone, as often stated in anatomical textbooks, but runs parallel to vessels and at least 1 nerve branch with a similar appearance. Thus, for reliable preservation of the RN, we recommend identification and protection of all crossing structures in posterior humeral surgeries 110 mm proximal to the radial epicondyle.
Retained Scalpel Blade in the Knee Joint 15 years After Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Fuchs Lee , Shweiki Fadi , Hovav Tavor 
Published: June 2022

Case:
A 48-year-old man presented with persistent right knee pain 15 years after an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Right knee radiography was remarkable for a retained scalpel blade in the knee joint. The retained scalpel blade was completely removed from the affected knee arthroscopically; however, the patient’s knee pain did not improve with 6 weeks of physically therapy.

Conclusions:
Arthroscopy surgeons should be cognizant of the risk for retained implants and emphasize the importance of a postprocedure surgical equipment count, and the merits of an x-ray if surgical count discrepancies are detected, or the patient has persistent joint pain despite rehabilitation.
Sorting Out Where the Sand Flows During Fracturing
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: June 2022

The message from a single chart’s data from the first full-scale hydraulic fracturing surface test is simple: Far less proppant flows out of the first clusters passed in a stage than the last ones.
The likely explanation drawn from a surface test created by GEODynamics is that the momentum of those relatively large sand grains prevents them from making that turn early on, leaving a lot of sand for later stages where the slowing flow will make the turn easier.
“The flow is going 45 miles an hour; sand particles have to turn in three-eighths of an inch,” said Jack Kolle, senior technical advisor at a sister company, Oil States Energy Services. He made the comment during a presentation about modeling fracturing test data to create an engineering model of proppant flows during at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition (SPE 209178).
When he first heard about the test results, Kolle thought he could create a model by using basic fluid mechanics concepts. After he started working on a model, though, he realized that proppant flow was more complex than expected. “It quickly became apparent we could not explain it without CFD modeling,” he said.
He was referring to computational flow dynamics (CFD) which requires massive amounts of computing power to model complex flows such as the flow of air around an aircraft wing. In the past it has been used in studies that concluded that the fast-moving flow of water and sand during fracturing resulted in uneven distribution of water and sand.
The model he created based on data from GEODynamic’s unique surface testing setup and subsurface fracturing analysis evolved into the company’s fracturing-flow advisor program, StageCoach.
Based on a quick look at four charts in a paper about the testing, it appears that larger-grained proppant is far more likely to slip past early clusters than smaller grains, which tend to be distributed evenly among clusters. And fracturing designs that more evenly distribute the slurry among the clusters can further flatten the distribution (SPE 209141).
The results favor some established trends. The industry has embraced 100 mesh proppant for fracturing and limited-entry designs which, to varying degrees, ensure more-even distribution.
What constitutes limited entry has evolved. A 2019 paper on the first two rounds of testing preceded current stage designs using clusters with only one perforation per cluster, often at the top of the hole.
The test work supported the rule of thumb that shooting perforations at the bottom of the casing is a bad idea. The thinking has been that a perf gun lying on the bottom of the casing and shooting at point-blank range will create a larger hole than shots made from a distance. When fracturing begins, bottom holes will take in far more of the fluid and proppant, causing rapid wear which is magnified by the force of gravity.
Feasibility of Middle East-to-India Pipeline Examined in Study
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202396, “Middle East to India Pipeline,” by Ian Nash and Matthew Rawlings, SPE, Peritus International. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The complete paper addresses the conceptualization and planning of a Middle East-to-India deepwater pipeline (MEIDP), which is planned to reach a record water depth of 3450 m and cross two continental slopes, an earthquake subduction zone [the Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ)], and outfall debris of the Indus River Fan in 2500-m-deep water. The authors examine the techniques, analysis, and technology development available at the time of writing to make such challenging routes increasingly feasible.

Introduction
India relies on regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) with terminals at major port locations. The Middle East has ready supplies of gas; however, significant challenges exist for a long-distance, ultradeepwater pipeline. South Asia Gas Enterprise (SAGE) has been developing the MEIDP as a transnational gas infrastructure project to deliver 1.1 billion scf/D from Oman to the Gujarat coast of India by a deepwater route across the Arabian Sea (Fig. 1). The pipeline will be laid as a common carrier pipeline wherein SAGE would be the gas transporter and pay a tariff for pipeline use. Gas buyers and gas sellers will negotiate long-term gas-supply contracts in a tripartite framework agreement.
The current work builds on the extensive study of a potential deepwater route of the Oman-to-India pipeline performed in the early 1990s. Economic and political drivers for the project, including project economics, are detailed in the complete paper.