bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vector analysis of moderate to high myopic astigmatism after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE): 12-month follow-up
Authors: Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Khodaparast Mehdi , Moravvej Zahra , Shahraki Kianoush , Ahmadi Hanie , Shahraki Kourosh , Jamali Alireza , Narooie-noori Foroozan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To evaluate the refractive outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery in moderate to high myopic astigmatism Study Design Prospective interventional case series Methods This study evaluated 111 eyes of 68 patients treated with femtosecond SMILE surgery for the correction of myopia and astigmatism. Inclusion criteria were myopia of − 0.5 D or more and astigmatism between − 1.0 D and −5.0 D. Refractive and visual measurements were obtained preoperatively, 1 and 12 month(s) postoperatively. Vector analysis was used to study the astigmatic outcomes at 12-month follow-up. Comparison of results in two groups of patients with astigmatism below and over 3.00 D was performed. Results The preoperative mean spherical equivalent was −5.48 ± 2.17 D (range − 1.75 to − 10.00 D) and the mean cylinder was −2.02 ± 1.09 D (range − 1.00 to − 5.00 D). The mean postoperative cylinder value was −0.60 ± 0.52 D at 12-month visit. The 12-month safety and efficacy indices were 0.98 ± 0.07 and 0.97 ± 0.12, respectively. The high astigmatism group showed significantly lower safety and efficacy indices. The postoperative residual astigmatism was 0.5 D or less in 73% of the eyes. Higher amount of residual astigmatism was observed in the high astigmatism group. The angle of error was ± 5 degrees in 49% and ± 15 degrees in 87% of the eyes. Conclusion SMILE surgery is effective and safe method for correcting myopic astigmatism. Vector analysis indicated a tendency for the under correction of astigmatism in subjects with high astigmatism.
Experimental study on carbonation behavior of seawater sea sand recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Zhang Kaijian , Xiao Jianzhuang , Hou Yiqing , Zhang Qingtian 
Published: February 2022

The carbonation behavior of seawater sea sand recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) was investigated in this study. Considering different added water, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates, the specimens were divided into 12 groups for the accelerated carbonation test by 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Among them, river sand, sea sand, and mixed sand (the proportion of sea sand and shell sand was 4:1) were used as fine aggregates. The results show that the carbonation depths of concretes with different mixtures all increase over time. When the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) is not less than 50%, sea sand is the most suitable fine aggregate to acquire best carbonation resistance, while river sand is the worst. On the contrary, when the replacement ratio of RCA is not more than 30%, river sand is the most suitable fine aggregate, while sea sand is the worst. It can also be speculated that the most appropriate replacement ratio of RCA is 50% when sea sand is applied as fine aggregates in SSRAC. At the same time, 30% replacement ratio of RCA is appropriate when mixed sand is applied as fine aggregates in SSRAC.
Long-term behavior of CFRP plates under sustained loads
Authors: Hu Lili , Li Weijie , Feng Peng 
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the long-term behavior of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates under sustained loads. Two typical loading conditions, CFRP plate loading controlled by displacement constraints and force constraints, are studied. The first section investigates the prestress loss of the CFRP plate when it is loaded via displacement constraints, which serves as a prestressed system applied for prestressed structures. Short- and long-term measurements show that the prestress loss of CFRP is caused by material creep, temperature change, and CFRP and anchorage slippage. When the CFRP prestress level is 5.0%–12.3%, the average prestress loss after 42 days is 5.1%. The second section investigates the permanent deformation of the CFRP plate with curved anchorages caused by creep under a certain sustained load (i.e., controlled by force constraints), which serves as a suspension bar or cable applied for determinate structures. The creep strain-to-time relationship, creep rate, and residual strength were obtained. The creep strain-to-time relationship strongly depends on the stress level applied; the creep coefficient is less than 10.94% and the residual strength is greater than 80% of the initial tensile strength after 1000 h. The findings show the effectiveness and reliability of these two typical cases of CFRP plates under long-term sustained loads.
Surgical Retrieval of a Transected Dual-Lumen Umbilical Venous Catheter Remnant that Was Misplaced in the Aorto-Iliac Artery of a Pre-Term Neonate
Authors: Lim Chung Sim , Davis Meryl , Forman Colin 
Published: February 2022

Despite rare, retrieving detached umbilical venous catheter (UVC) remnants from central vessels in neonates is challenging due to their small body habitus and vessels with high risk of vascular injury and thrombosis and often associated comorbidities. We report a challenging surgical retrieval of a UVC remnant from the aorto-iliac artery of a pre-term neonate. An attempted UVC insertion into a pre-term neonate was complicated by misplacement and detachment of a 4 cm remnant into the infra-renal abdominal aorta and left iliac artery. As the child’s legs were not critically ischemic, open surgical retrieval of the UVC remnant was performed once she stabilized and grew sufficiently. The case report concluded that the surgical intervention and timing of the retrieval of a UVC remnant should be individually tailored to each case and it is vital that decision making is undertaken within a multidisciplinary team.
Total, gender- and age-specific incidence rates of upper extremity nerve injuries in Finland
Authors: Wiman Kirsi , Hulkkonen Sina , Miettunen Jouko , Auvinen Juha , Karppinen Jaro , Ryhänen Jorma 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of nerve injuries of the upper extremity in the whole population of Finland (1998–2016). Data based on diagnosis codes were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care, including cases of median, radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary and digital nerves. Age- and gender-specific incidence rates, both crude and standardized (for the European normal population in 2011), were calculated. Our study included 13,440 patients with upper extremity nerve injury. The mean standardized annual incidence rate of any upper extremity nerve injury was 18.18 among men and 8.15 among women per 100,000 person-years over the study period. The incidence peaked among men at working age. Nerve injuries occurred most commonly in the fingers and thumb, with 5532 cases and mean standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of 7.84 among men and 2.95 among women. The annual incidence did not change significantly over the study period. Level of evidence: III
Comparing ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter to head computed tomography scan to predict intracranial pressure elevation
Authors: Sitanaya Shierly Novitawati , Kamayanti Fadhila , Nugroho Hari Adityo , Prabowo Bobi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Intracranial hypertension is an emergency condition that needs to be recognized as soon as possible. Lumbar puncture, the gold standard diagnostic procedure for intracranial hypertension, is contraindicated in some conditions while brain imaging procedures may be too difficult to be performed on critically ill patients. To solve this problem, this study aims to assess an alternative method to detect intracranial hypertension by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter using ocular ultrasound and optic nerve sheath diameter difference in each etiology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department of Dr Iskak Tulungagung General Hospital. Sixty-nine patients who visited the emergency room for the first onset of intracranial pathology were included for optic nerve sheath diameter measurement by ultrasound. Subjects were divided into elevated and non-elevated intracranial pressure groups based on head computed tomography scan findings. The optic nerve sheath diameter results were compared and analyzed. Result: There were 29 subjects in the elevated intracranial pressure group and 40 subjects in the non-elevated intracranial pressure group. The mean of optic nerve sheath diameter in the elevated and non-elevated intracranial pressure groups was 0.63 ± 0.06 and 0.57 ± 0.06 cm, respectively ( p = 0.000). Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, 0.58 cm was the most optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter can be used to predict elevated intracranial pressure in suspected patients who are contraindicated to invasive intracranial pressure measurement or critically ill. There were significant differences between elevated and non-elevated intracranial pressure groups in stroke and trauma subjects.
Establishing the Socio-Economic Impact of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Is Fundamental to Improving Outcomes [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 8]
Authors: Davies Benjamin M. , Phillips Richard , Clarke David , Furlan Julio C. , Demetriades Andreas K. , Milligan Jamie , Witiw Christopher D. , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Kurpad Shekar N. , Guest James D. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Kwon Brian K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Fehlings Michael G. , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Kotter Mark R. N. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design: Literature Review (Narrative). Objective: To contextualize AO Spine RECODE-DCM research priority number 5: What is the socio-economic impact of DCM? (The financial impact of living with DCM to the individual, their supporters, and society as a whole). Methods: In this review, we introduce the methodology of health-economic investigation, including potential techniques and approaches. We summarize the current health-economic evidence within DCM, so far focused on surgical treatment. We also cover the first national estimate, in partnership with Myelopathy.org from the United Kingdom, of the cost of DCM to society. We then demonstrate the significance of this question to advancing care and outcomes in the field. Results: DCM is a common and often disabling condition, with a significant lack of recognition. While evidence demonstrates the cost-effectives of surgery, even among higher income countries, health inequalities exist. Further the prevalent residual disability in myelopathy, despite treatment affects both the individual and society as a whole. A report from the United Kingdom provides the first cost-estimate to their society; an annual cost of ∼£681.6 million per year, but this is likely a significant underestimate. Conclusion: A clear quantification of the impact of DCM is needed to raise the profile of a common and disabling condition. Current evidence suggests this is likely to be globally substantial.
Developing Peri-Operative Rehabilitation in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 6]: An Unexplored Opportunity?
Authors: Boerger Timothy F. , Hyngstrom Allison S. , Furlan Julio C. , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Curt Armin , Kwon Brian K. , Kurpad Shekar N. , Fehlings Michael G. , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Guest James D. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Davies Benjamin M. , Kotter Mark R. N. , Koljonen Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design Narrative review. Objective Degenerative cervical myelopathy is one of the most frequent impairments of the spinal cord encountered internationally in adults. Currently, surgical decompression is the recommended treatment for people with DCM (PwCM) presenting with moderate to severe symptoms or neurological deficits. However, despite surgical intervention, not all patients make a complete recovery due to the irreversible tissue damage within the spinal cord. The objective of this review is to describe the state and gaps in the current literature on rehabilitation for PwCM and possible innovative rehabilitation strategies. Methods Literature search. Results In other neurological disorders such as stroke and acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), timely and strategic rehabilitation has been shown to be indispensable for maximizing functional outcomes, and it is imperative that appropriate perioperative rehabilitative interventions accompany surgical approaches in order to enable the best outcomes. In this review, the current state of knowledge regarding rehabilitation for PwCM is described. Additionally, various therapies that have shown to improve outcomes in comparable neurological conditions such as stroke and SCI which may be translated to DCM will be reviewed. Conclusions We conclude that locomotor training and arm/hand therapy may benefit PwCM. Further, we conclude that body weight support, robotic assistance, and virtual/augmented reality therapies may be beneficial therapeutic analogs to locomotor and hand therapies.
Improving Awareness Could Transform Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 1]
Authors: Davies Benjamin M. , Mowforth Oliver , Wood Helen , Karimi Zahabiya , Sadler Iwan , Tetreault Lindsay , Milligan Jamie , Wilson Jamie R. F. , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Furlan Julio C. , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Ito Manabu , Zipser Carl Moritz , Boerger Timothy F , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Murphy Rory K. J. , Hutton Mike , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Koljonen Paul A. , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Kurpad Shekar N , Guest James D. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Kwon Brian K. , Kotter Mark R. N. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design Literature Review (Narrative) Objective To introduce the number one research priority for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM): Raising Awareness. Methods Raising awareness has been recognized by AO Spine RECODE-DCM as the number one research priority. This article reviews the evidence that awareness is low, the potential drivers, and why this must be addressed. Case studies of success from other diseases are also reviewed, drawing potential parallels and opportunities for DCM. Results DCM may affect as many as 1 in 50 adults, yet few will receive a diagnosis and those that do will wait many years for it. This leads to poorer outcomes from surgery and greater disability. DCM is rarely featured in healthcare professional training programs and has received relatively little research funding (<2% of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Multiple Sclerosis over the last 25 years). The transformation of stroke and acute coronary syndrome services, from a position of best supportive care with occasional surgery over 50 years ago, to avoidable disability today, represents transferable examples of success and potential opportunities for DCM. Central to this is raising awareness. Conclusion Despite the devastating burden on the patient, recognition across research, clinical practice, and healthcare policy are limited. DCM represents a significant unmet need that must become an international public health priority.
James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM]: An Overview of the Methodology Used to Process and Short-List Research Uncertainties
Authors: Tetreault Lindsay , Mowforth Oliver , Khan Danyal Z. , Gronlund Toto , Garwood Philip , Hazenbiller Olesja , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Kurpad Shekar N. , Guest James D. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Kwon Brian K. , Fehlings Michael G. , Davies Benjamin M. , Kotter Mark R. N. ,   On behalf of the AO Spine RECODE-DCM Steering Committee and AO Spine RECODE-DCM Consortium
Published: February 2022

Study Design Overview of the methods used for a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP). Objectives The objectives of this article are to (i) provide a brief overview of the JLA—facilitated PSP process; (ii) outline how research uncertainties were initially processed in the AO Spine RECODE-DCM PSP; and (iii) delineate the methods for interim prioritization and the priority setting workshop. Methods A steering group was created to define the scope for the PSP, organize its activities, and establish protocols for decision-making. A survey was created asking what questions on the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of DCM should be answered by future research. Results from the survey were sorted into summary questions. Several databases were searched to identify literature that already answered these summary questions. The final list of summary questions was distributed by survey for interim prioritization. Participants were asked to select the top ten most important summary questions. The questions that were ranked the highest were discussed at an in-person consensus workshop. Results The initial survey yielded a total of 3404 potential research questions. Of the in-scope submissions, 988 were related to diagnosis, 1324 to treatment, and 615 to long-term management of DCM. A total of 76 summary questions were developed to reflect the original submissions. Following a second survey, a list of the top 26 interim priorities was generated and discussed at the in-person priority setting workshop. Conclusions PSPs enable research priorities to be identified that consider the perspectives and interests of all relevant stakeholders.
Let’s Measure the Liver Better: A Pilot Study Assessing Inter-Rater Reliability When Measuring the Liver Volume Using Sonography
Authors: Hellmann Rivka , Struk Iryna , Haddash Dalal , Jalloh Fatmata , Pan Emily 
Published: February 2022

Objective: When measuring the liver sonographically, liver volume measurement (LVM) is not routinely performed, though considered the gold standard on CT. The objective of this study is to encourage the sonography community to obtain an LVM instead of a single linear measurement on ultrasound, so as not to subject patients to the potentially harmful radiation exposure of a CT scan when assessing liver size. This study compared the consistency and accuracy between expert and novice sonographers in obtaining an LVM on sonography. Materials and Methods: Both groups obtained linear and LVM on 30 participants and calculated LVM using the formula Liver Volume (cc) = 343.71 + (0.84 × ABC). Results: Both groups took longer to obtain LVM than linear, P < .0001. Novices and experts obtained an LVM in a similar amount of time. More consistency was observed among experts when scanning participants in the lower BMI ranges. Novice sonographers’ LVMs were consistent with experts’ only in the lowest BMI range of this study. Conclusion: Groups acquired LVM in similar amounts of time, showing LVM is easy to teach and learn, and has good inter-rater reliability. Difference for both groups to obtain LVM over linear was only 38 seconds. Consequently, it is prudent to incorporate LVM into abdominal ultrasound protocols.
Evaluating the cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotube through weighted gene co-expression network analysis: a nanotoxicogenomics study
Authors: Salih Shameran Jamal , Ghobadi Mohadeseh Zarei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is one of the most momentous carbonaceous nanoparticles which is widely used for various applications such as electronics, vehicles, and therapeutics. However, their possible toxicity and adverse effects convert them into a major health threat for humans and animals.

Results
In this study, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the co-expressed gene groups and dysregulated pathways due to the MWCNT exposure. For this purpose, three weighted gene co-expression networks for the microarray gene expression profiles of the mouse after 1, 6, and 12-month post-exposure to MWCNT were constructed. The module-trait analysis specified the significant modules related to different doses (1, 10, 40, and 80 µg) of MWCNT. Afterward, common genes between co-regulated and differentially expressed genes were determined. The further pathway analysis highlighted the enrichment of genes including Actb, Ube2b, Psme3, Ezh2, Alas2, S100a10, Ypel5, Rhoa, Rac1, Ube2l6, Prdx2, Ctsb, Bnip3l, Gp6, Myh9, Ube2k, Mbnl1, Kbtbd8, Riok3, Itgb1, Rap1a, and Atp5h in immune-, inflammation-, and protein metabolism-related pathways.

Conclusions
This study discloses the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects of various doses of MWCNT which also affect the metabolism system. The identified genes can serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic candidates. However, further studies should be performed to validate them in human cells.
miR-486-5p expression is regulated by DNA methylation in osteosarcoma
Authors: Namløs Heidi M. , Skårn Magne , Ahmed Deeqa , Grad Iwona , Andresen Kim , Kresse Stine H. , Munthe Else , Serra Massimo , Scotlandi Katia , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Myklebost Ola , Lind Guro E. , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone occurring in children and young adolescents and is characterised by complex genetic and epigenetic changes. The miRNA miR-486-5p has been shown to be downregulated in osteosarcoma and in cancer in general.

Results
To investigate if the mir-486 locus is epigenetically regulated, we integrated DNA methylation and miR-486-5p expression data using cohorts of osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples. A CpG island in the promoter of the ANK1 host gene of mir-486 was shown to be highly methylated in osteosarcoma cell lines as determined by methylation-specific PCR and direct bisulfite sequencing. High methylation levels were seen for osteosarcoma patient samples, xenografts and cell lines based on quantitative methylation-specific PCR. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines caused induction of miR-486-5p and ANK1, indicating common epigenetic regulation in osteosarcoma cell lines. When overexpressed, miR-486-5p affected cell morphology.

Conclusions
miR-486-5p represents a highly cancer relevant, epigenetically regulated miRNA in osteosarcoma, and this knowledge contributes to the understanding of osteosarcoma biology.