bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic matter prediction with benchtop and implement‐mounted optical reflectance sensing approaches
Authors: Conway Lance S. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Kitchen Newell R. , Anderson Stephen H. , Veum Kristen S. , Myers D. Brenton 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProximal sensing technologies can densely quantify soil organic matter (OM) variability using visible and near infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy. However, issues with global calibrations and varying water content can reduce accuracy. Therefore, research was conducted to determine OM prediction accuracy across soil volumetric water content (VWC) with (a) a planter‐mounted optical sensor and (b) multiple combinations of reflectance bands within the VNIR spectrum. Ninety soils collected across Missouri and Illinois were used in the study. Data were collected at three VWC with the Precision Planting SmartFirmer and a benchtop spectrometer. SmartFirmer OM was derived through an internal algorithm, while spectral pre‐processing and machine learning were used for OM prediction in all approaches that used reflectance from the benchtop spectrometer. Results found that SmartFirmer OM predictions were affected by soil VWC, with predicted OM decreasing with increasing VWC. Findings from three modeling approaches using the benchtop spectrometer showed that a continuous spectrum (i.e., 400–1,500 nm) improved performance (RMSE = 5.25 g kg–1) over the discrete waveband approach (RMSE = 9.23 g kg–1). Furthermore, including the entire VNIR region (400–2,500 nm) resulted in the best predictive capability (RMSE = 1.42 g kg–1). However, because a full‐spectrum approach increases cost, using reflectance from 400 to 1,500 nm along with spectral pre‐processing and machine learning may be an acceptable method for estimating OM. These findings contribute to the improvement of commercially available proximal sensors that may be used to monitor soil carbon (C) stocks, assess soil health, or for other precision agriculture applications.
Recent Progress on Bimetallic‐Based Spinels as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Olowoyo Joshua O. , Kriek Roelof J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting is a promising and viable technology to produce clean, sustainable, and storable hydrogen as an energy carrier. However, to meet the ever‐increasing global energy demand, it is imperative to develop high‐performance non‐precious metal‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as the OER is considered the bottleneck for electrocatalytic water splitting. Spinels, in particular, are considered promising OER electrocatalysts due to their unique properties, precise structures, and compositions. Herein, the recent progress on the application of bimetallic‐based spinels (AFe2O4, ACo2O4, and AMn2O4; where A = Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn) as electrocatalysts for the OER is presented. The fundamental concepts of the OER are highlighted after which the family of spinels, their general formula, and classifications are introduced. This is followed by an overview of the various classifications of bimetallic‐based spinels and their recent developments and applications as OER electrocatalysts, with special emphasis on enhancing strategies that have been formulated to improve the OER performance of these spinels. In conclusion, this review summarizes all studies mentioned therein and provides the challenges and future perspectives for bimetallic‐based spinel OER electrocatalysts.
Modeling Plurilithic Orientations to English with Pre‐Service Teachers: An Exploratory International Study
Authors: Hall Christopher J. , Gruber Alice , Qian Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA major challenge for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) professionals is how to address the learning needs of diverse learners for whom a monolithic, native‐normed version of English is no longer always useful or appropriate. Research in Global Englishes (GE) has noted many teachers' resistance to the adoption of a more “plurilithic” orientation. This study explores whether monolithic beliefs can be effectively challenged using practitioner role models. Video clips featuring early‐career English teachers from Germany and China modeling a plurilithic orientation were played to pre‐service teachers with the same L1 (“near peers”) or different L1s (“more distant peers”). Before viewing, participants responded to a questionnaire assessing their beliefs about English. Immediately following viewing, open‐ended reactions to the video content were collected. One month later, participants answered the questionnaire again to measure potential changes in belief. After a further 5 months, a small group of participants were interviewed to explore impacts in greater depth. Data indicate that viewing the role models was a positive experience for most participants and was associated with significant increases in plurilithic orientation for near peers, with evidence of enduring impact for some. We interpret these results as support for the use of near peer video modeling as part of efforts to promote ontological clarity about GE in teacher education.
Training professional caregivers to screen for report of cognitive changes in persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Walaszek Art , Albrecht Tammi , LeCaire Tamara , Sayavedra Noelia , Schroeder Molly , Krainer Jody , Prichett Gregory , Wilcenski Mickell , Endicott Sarah , Russmann Sydney , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Mahoney Jane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionBy age 60, 60% of adults with Down syndrome (DS) have dementia. Detecting dementia in persons with intellectual disability (ID) can be challenging because their underlying cognitive impairment can confound presentation of dementia symptoms and because adults with ID may have difficulty reporting symptoms. The National Task Group Early Detection Screen for Dementia (NTG‐EDSD) was developed to aid detection of report of cognitive impairment in adults with ID. We implemented an educational curriculum using the NTG‐EDSD and evaluated the impact of the intervention on professional caregivers’ self‐assessed capacity to identify persons with ID and dementia.MethodsWe held five in‐person training sessions for professional caregivers of persons with ID, partnering with various managed care organizations and social services agencies. We assessed knowledge and attitudes at baseline; immediately after training; and 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after training.ResultsA total of 154 direct care workers, case managers, health‐care providers, and other social services staff attended the trainings. Satisfaction with the NTG‐EDSD training was high; 94% of attendees agreed or strongly agreed that they could use the NTG‐EDSD with their clients. After training, attendees reported a marked increase in confidence in their ability to track various health circumstances and detect functional decline in their clients, although some gains were not sustained over time. As a result of the training, one managed care organization made the NTG‐EDSD a standard part of its assessment of adults with DS starting at age 40.DiscussionSocial services and health‐care professionals can learn to document signs of cognitive decline in adults with ID using the NTG‐EDSD. Attendees were highly satisfied with the training, experienced an increase in confidence in their care of persons with ID, and found the NTG‐ EDSD feasible to use. Because not all gains were sustained over time, booster trainings may be necessary.
The canonical ensemble reloaded: the complex-stability of Euclidean quantum gravity for black holes in a box
Authors: Marolf Donald , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We revisit the stability of black hole saddles for the Euclidean path integral describing the canonical partition function Z(β) for gravity inside a spherical reflecting cavity. The boundary condition at the cavity wall couples the transverse-traceless (TT) and pure-trace modes that are traditionally used to describe fluctuations about Euclidean Schwarzschild black holes in infinite-volume asymptotically flat and asymototically AdS spacetimes. This coupling obstructs the familiar Gibbons-Hawking-Perry treatment of the conformal factor problem, as Wick rotation of the pure-trace modes would require that the TT modes be rotated as well. The coupling also leads to complex eigenvalues for the Lichnerowicz operator. We nevertheless find that the Lichnerowicz operator can be diagonalized in the space of coupled modes. This observation allows the eigenmodes to define a natural generalization of the pure-trace Wick-rotation recipe used in infinite volume, with the result that a mode with eigenvalue λ is stable when Re λ > 0. In any cavity, and with any cosmological constant Λ ≤ 0, we show this recipe to reproduce the expectation from black hole thermodynamics that large Euclidean black holes define stable saddles while the saddles defined by small Euclidean black holes are unstable.
iCAST: Ein praktisches Modell für die Integration nonverbaler Signale in die Psychotherapie
Authors: Ramseyer Fabian T. 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Nonverbales Verhalten wird therapieschulenübergreifend als wichtiger Faktor der Therapiebeziehung betrachtet. Trotz einer Vielzahl von Befunden aus einer fruchtbaren Forschungsphase der 1960er- bis 1980er-Jahre sind die zurzeit verfügbaren Kenntnisse in diesem Bereich relativ bescheiden, und konkrete Anleitungen zu deren Verwendung in der Psychotherapie bleiben selten.

Fragestellung
Anhand eines praktischen Modells zum theorieunabhängigen Umgang mit nonverbalen Signalen sollen eine gewinnbringende Thematisierung und Integration dieses Kommunikationskanals angeregt und vorgeschlagen werden.

Material und Methoden
Das iCAST-Modell bietet mit seinen 5 Bereichen einen möglichen Rahmen, der den konkreten Umgang mit nonverbalen Signalen in psychotherapeutischen Interaktionen nahelegt. Eine exemplarische Analyse des Bewegungsverhaltens von Therapeut:innen illustriert die heutigen technischen Möglichkeiten und bietet Einblick in das Potenzial dieser Beobachtungsposition.

Ergebnisse
Nonverbale Signale erweitern die therapeutischen Freiheitsgrade in diversen Bereichen: Neben den unzähligen Möglichkeiten, Elemente anzusprechen und in Sitzungen zu bearbeiten, zu erfahren und zu üben, kann nonverbales Verhalten auch auf der Ebene eines Fallverständnisses wichtige Informationen liefern.

Diskussion
Der Blick auf die Dyade unterstreicht den dynamischen, gemeinsamen Prozess zwischen Patient:in und Therapeut:in und lädt Therapierende ein, eigene Empfindungen und Verhaltensweisen vor dem Hintergrund gegenseitiger Beeinflussung („attunement“) zu reflektieren und in die Therapie zu integrieren.
Wavelength dependence of laser-induced excitation dynamics in silicon
Authors: Venkat Prachi , Otobe Tomohito 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffect of laser wavelength on the carrier-phonon dynamics and damage threshold of silicon is studied numerically. Laser excitation dynamics in silicon is studied using Three-Temperature Model (3TM). We consider the evolution of electron, hole, and lattice temperatures separately and including band-gap re-normalization effect on optical properties of silicon. Finite Difference Time Domain method is used to model the laser field. Damage threshold calculated using the 3TM is in reasonable agreement with the experiments. Our results indicate that the competition of inter-band excitation, plasma heating, and electron–phonon relaxation process defines the damage threshold for various wavelengths and pulse durations.
The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice: an analysis of the treatment patterns, survival and toxicity rates by sex
Authors: Wahli Murielle N. , Hayoz Stefanie , Hoch Dennis , Ryser Christoph O. , Hoffmann Michèle , Scherz Amina , Schwacha-Eipper Birgit , Häfliger Simon , Wampfler Julian , Berger Martin D. , Novak Urban , Özdemir Berna C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim is to describe the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in clinical practice by providing the patient and tumor characteristics as well as survival and toxicity rates by sex.

Methods
We used electronic health records to identify patients treated at the Cancer Center of the University Hospital Bern, Switzerland between January 1, 2017 and June 16, 2021.

Results
We identified 5109 patients, 689 of whom (13.5%) received at least one dose of ICI. The fraction of patients who were prescribed ICI increased from 8.6% in 2017 to 22.9% in 2021. ICI represented 13.2% of the anticancer treatments in 2017 and increased to 28.2% in 2021. The majority of patients were male (68.7%), who were older than the female patients (median age 67 vs. 61 years). Over time, adjuvant and first line treatments increased for both sexes. Lung cancer and melanoma were the most common cancer types in males and females. The incidence of irAEs was higher among females (38.4% vs. 28.1%) and lead more often to treatment discontination in females than in males (21.1% vs. 16.8%). Independent of sex, the occurrence of irAEs was associated with greater median overall survival (OS, not reached vs. 1.1 years). Female patients had a longer median OS than males (1.9 vs. 1.5 years).

Conclusions
ICI play an increasingly important role in oncology. irAEs are more frequent in female patients and are associated with a longer OS. More research is needed to understand the association between patient sex and toxicity and survival.
Evaluation of mercury content in combustible tobacco products by employing cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy and considering the moisture content: a comprehensive study
Authors: Hać Paweł , Padariya Chintankumar , Cieślik Bartłomiej Michał , Konieczka Piotr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlants are mainly made up of water, which constitutes between 80 and 90% of their weight. Moisture factor comes across as one of the most important in tobacco products. Rapid determination of moisture content in tobacco products comes at necessity in any tobacco management plants (before and after production). Therefore, the concern has been raised in this study to evaluate the moisture content in four kinds of combustible tobacco products using the gravimetric method. In addition, a total mercury content using cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy has been evaluated in all chosen combustible tobacco products in this study. Determining moisture content in four types of tobacco products does not show significant differences within a product group. Moisture content ranged from 7.9% in bidis to 25% in pipe tobaccos. Mercury content in tobacco ranged from 13 µg/kg to 32 µg/kg while in cigarette wrapper paper and filter from the limit of detection (LOD) < 1.3 µg/kg to 8.2 µg/kg. As evidenced, cigarette wrapper paper and filters alone are unlikely to be a significant source of consumer exposure to mercury. However, the proposed sample preparation method provides good results for the preparation of specific material, such as tobacco products.
Graphical abstract
Downscaling population and urban land use for socio-economic scenarios in the UK
Authors: Merkle Magnus , Alexander Peter , Brown Calum , Seo Bumsuk , Harrison Paula A. , Harmáčková Zuzana V. , Pedde Simona , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Projecting the distribution of population is critical in supporting analysis of the impacts and risks associated with climate change. In this paper, we apply a computational algorithm parameterised for the UK Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (UK-SSP) narratives to create 1-km gridded urban land use and population projections for the UK to the end of the twenty-first century. Using a unimodal neighbourhood function, we model heterogeneity in urban sprawl patterns. The urban land use maps are used as weights to create downscaled population projections. We undertake a model uncertainty analysis using 500 simulations with varying parameter settings per UK-SSP. Results illustrate how sprawl can emerge from scenario conditions even when population numbers decline, and irrespective of socio-economic wellbeing. To avoid negative environmental externalities associated with uncontrolled sprawl, such as in UK-SSP5 and UK-SSP3, planning policies will be vital. Uncertainties about future population development in the UK are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. This has an effect on the competition for land and influences confidence in projections of broader land system change.
Study smart – impact of a learning strategy training on students’ study behavior and academic performance
Authors: Biwer Felicitas , de Bruin Anique , Persky Adam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research shows the importance to teach students the self-regulated use of effective learning strategies at university. However, the effects of such training programs on students’ metacognitive knowledge, use of learning strategies, and academic performance in the longer term are unknown. In the present study, all first-year pharmacology students from one university attended a learning strategy training program, i.e., the ‘Study Smart program’, in their first weeks. The 20% (n = 25) lowest scoring students on the first midterm received further support regarding their learning strategies. Results showed that all students gained accurate metacognitive knowledge about (in)effective learning strategies in the short- and long-term and reported to use less highlighting, less rereading, but more interleaving, elaboration, and distributed practice after the training program. Academic performance was compared to the prior cohort, which had not received the Study Smart program. While in the previous cohort, students in the top, middle, and bottom rank of midterm 1 stayed in these ranks and still differed significantly in the final exam, students in the Study Smart cohort that received the training program improved throughout the year and differences between ranks were significantly reduced. A learning strategy training program including a remediation track for lower performing students can thus support students to study more effectively and enhance equal chances for all students at university.
Broad band flux-density monitoring of radio sources with the Onsala twin telescopes
Authors: Varenius Eskil , Maio Francesco , Le Bail Karine , Haas Rüdiger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Onsala twin telescopes (OTT) are two 13 m telescopes located at the Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden. With dual linear polarized broad-band (3-14 GHz) receivers, they are part of the next generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Global Observing System (VGOS) for geodesy and astrometry. In addition to purely geodetic data products, VGOS will regularly produce full-polarisation images of hundreds of radio sources. These rich monitoring data will be valuable for both astronomy and geodesy. In this pilot study we aimed at monitoring ten bright radio sources to search for flares or similar activity, and at testing the instrument calibration on long (months) and short (hours) time scales. Using the OTT as a standalone instrument, we observed and analysed 91 short (<30 min) sessions spanning seven months. We monitored seven potentially variable radio sources (0059+581, 0552+398, 1144+402, 1156+295, 1617+229, 3C418, OJ287) and three reference calibrators (3C147, 3C286, 3C295). We used the Common Astronomy Software Applications (CASA) package to fringe-fit, bandpass-correct and scale the data to obtain flux densities in the four standard VGOS bands: 3.0-3.5 GHz (band 1), 5.2-5.7 GHz (band 2), 6.3-6.8 GHz (band 3), and 10.2-10.7 GHz (band 4). We obtained simultaneous multi-frequency light curves for ten radio sources. A bright multi-frequency flare is observed in the radio source 0059+581. OJ287 and 1156+295 show significant long-term variability in their light curves. After correcting for instrumental biases, we determine the empirical flux density uncertainty as$$\sim$$∼5 %.
Enhancing the Uptake of Earth Observation Products and Services in Africa Through a Multi-level Transdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Ifejika Speranza Chinwe , Akinyemi Felicia Olufunmilayo , Baratoux David , Benveniste Jérôme , Ceperley Natalie , Driouech Fatima , Helmschrot Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Africa stands to gain from Earth Observation (EO) science, products and applications. However, its use and application remain below potential on the continent. This article examines how EO can better serve the needs of African users. First, we argue that a successful uptake of EO services is conditional on understanding the African context and matching EO development and deployment to it. Using reference cases, we find that actors outside Africa drive most EO initiatives, whereas country-level expenditures on EO remain low. Recent developments, such as the African space policy and strategy, and initiatives in partnerships with Africa-based organisations to develop a community of practice on EO hold the potential to fill the identified gaps. The analysis indicates that most EO users are either government organisations or researchers, with very few cases involving other types of users. It is generally assumed that users at the local levels are educated and digitally literate, or that the transmission of EO-based knowledge is achieved by government officers and researchers. Although still very few, potentials are emerging for the private sector to deploy EO products and services such as crop or index-based insurance directly to farmers. These private initiatives have prospects for further developing indigenous EO capacity as envisioned in the African space policy and strategy. We then formulate recommendations for a transdisciplinary approach that integrates user contexts, attributes and needs to enhance the uptake of EO products and services in Africa. We conclude by proposing actions to close some of the identified gaps and seize emerging opportunities.
Can Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and Mindfulness be Integrated Effectively within High Performance Settings?
Authors: Young Paul , Chow Vivien , Haslam Cheryl , Wood Andrew , Barker Jamie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur critical commentary explores the overlaps and divergences between Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and contemporary mindfulness practice and considers whether the approaches could be integrated and applied effectively within two high performance settings in particular: sport and business. It highlights how REBT and mindfulness share similar philosophical positions on the causes of emotional disturbance, on the importance of acceptance, and on cultivating self-awareness to respond healthily and adaptively to adverse events. It also acknowledges diverenges relating to REBT and mindfulness’ respective positions on judgement of thoughts, an emphasis on the present moment, and meditative practice. We observe that by cultivating metacognitive awareness—a capacity to impartially observe thinking—mindfulness may help individuals in high performance settings to see more clearly how their beliefs influence their emotional, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes. Mindfulness could thus potentially aid an individual’s transition from intellectual insight to emotional rational insight within an REBT framework. Moreover, appropriately integrated mindfulness practice alongside REBT-based work may help individuals within high performance settings, and beyond, to cultivate a mindset that is grounded in the present, less distracted and more task focused, potentially enhancing performance outcomes.