bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Type of Wind Data on Regional Potential Wind Erosion Estimation
Authors: Zhang Li , Guo Zhongling , Li Jifeng , Chang Chunping , Wang Rende , Li Qing 
Published: March 2022

The Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China (APEC) is a transitional area suffering from severe wind erosion. The wind data used in wind erosion modeling generally have different temporal resolutions and spatial station distributions. Previous studies have suggested that the temporal wind speed resolution influences the prediction of wind erosion events at the field scale. To date, no studies have been conducted to assess the impact of the type of wind data on regional wind erosion estimation. In this study, the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) and the Integrated Wind Erosion Modeling System (IWEMS) were used to evaluate the regional potential wind erosion in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China (APEC) during 2000 and 2012 based on four wind data type scenarios, including basic weather stations with daily wind statistics, basic weather stations with four wind speed measurements per day, reference climatological stations with daily wind statistics, and reference climatological stations with four wind speed measurements per day. The principal results reveal that the potential wind erosion estimates evaluated using the two models are closely correlated with the measured wind erosion data reported in the published literature, but the predicted values are generally lower than the observed values for the different scenarios. The magnitudes of the mean potential wind erosion ranged from 15.73 to 27.33 t ha−1 a−1 by RWEQ and changed between 61.77 and 98.54 t ha−1 a−1 by IWEMS for different scenarios. The spatial distribution and temporal trends of the annual or seasonal potential wind erosion obtained using the two models were similar for the different scenarios. This study revealed that wind speed is the most sensitive input, and hourly wind speed generated by the different temporal interpolation can significantly affect regional wind erosion estimation. Some studies involving precise regional wind erosion estimation, such as the impacts of landscape changes (land use/cover) on wind erosion, ecosystem service evaluation of reducing soil erosion, soil carbon sequestration and emissions through wind erosion, and wind erosion induced surface soil nutrient loss (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus), may have been influenced by conducting regional wind erosion modeling based on different types of wind data. The users need to calibrate and validate the selected models for precise wind erosion prediction.
Oral Vaccination With Recombinant Pichia pastoris Expressing Iridovirus Major Capsid Protein Elicits Protective Immunity in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Yao Jia-Yun , Zhang Cheng-Sai , Yuan Xue-Mei , Huang Lei , Hu Da-Yan , Yu Zhe , Yin Wen-Lin , Lin Ling-Yun , Pan Xiao-Yi , Yang Gui-lian , Wang Chun-Feng , Shen Jin-Yu , Zhang Hai-Qi 
Published: March 2022

Largemouth bass iridovirus (LMBV) can cause high mortality and lead to heavy economic loss in the cultivation of largemouth bass, but there was no effective treatment. Here, the present study constructed a recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing LMBV major capsid protein (MCPD). The recombinant GS115-pW317-MCPD was then used to immunize largemouth bass via oral administration, and mucosal immune response mediated by immunoglobulins (Igs) was measured after oral immunization. Serum antibody levels were measured by ELISA, neutralizing antibody titers were determined by serum neutralization test (SNT), antigen presentation-related gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR, and the histopathological characteristics of immunized fish were assessed after challenging with 0.1 ml 107.19 TCID50/ml LMBV. The relative percentage survival (RPS) was also determined. Our results showed that the serum antibody titers of immunized fish were significantly higher than that of control groups (P &lt; 0.05). IgT and IgM expressions in gut were increased significantly after vaccination with GS115-pW317-MCPD; however, much stronger response in gut was observed as compared with gill. The expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD8, and T-cell receptor (TCR) were significantly elevated in GS115-pW317-MCPD group (P &lt; 0.05), while CD4 and MHC I transcription levels remained unchanged after oral immunization (P &gt; 0.05). The RPS of fish orally immunized with 1.0 × 108 CFU/g GS115-pW317-MCPD was reached up to 41.6% after challenge with 0.1 ml 109.46 TCID50/ml LMBV. Moreover, orally immunizing with GS115-pW317-MCPD can relieve the pathological damage caused by LMBV. Therefore, GS115-pW317-MCPD showed a promising potential against LMBV.
Causal Relationships Between Osteoarthritis and Senile Central Nerve System Dysfunction: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cai Yuanqing , Zhang Guangyang , Liang Jialin , Jing Zhaopu , Zhang Rupeng , Lv Leifeng , Dang Xiaoqian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and senile central nervous system dysfunctions (CNSDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and ischemic stroke (IS) has gradually attracted attention. At present, the causal relationship between OA and CNSD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effects of CNSD and OA using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsGenome-wide association study summary data for CNSD and OA were obtained. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), and significant (P &lt; 5.0 × 10–8) and independent (r2 &lt; 0.1) SNPs were extracted for bidirectional MR analysis. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used to assess these causal relationships. The results are reported as odds ratios (ORs). Subsequently, heterogeneity was tested using the Cochran’s Q test, pleiotropy was tested using the MR-Egger intercept, and sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out sensitivity test.ResultsThe MR results of the causal relationship between PD and OA showed that there was a positive causal effect of OA on PD, which was estimated by IVW (OR = 1.194, 95%CI = 1.036, 1.378; P = 0.0144). Moreover, the MR analysis by IVW also showed that IS had a positive effect on OA (OR = 1.033, 95%CI = 1.002, 1.066; P = 0.0355). These results are reliable and stable, as confirmed by sensitivity tests.ConclusionThis study showed a positive causal effect of OA on PD, but there was a null effect of OA on AD and OA on IS.
The Association of Pre-existing Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection, Severity and Mortality: Results From the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Kim Ji Hee , Chang In Bok , Kim Yoo Hwan , Min Chan Yang , Yoo Dae Myoung , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesDespite the numerous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data regarding the impact of pre-existing diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on the susceptibility to and outcome of COVID-19 are limited. We aimed to determine whether patients with AD/PD had a higher likelihood of contracting COVID-19 and experiencing worse outcomes.MethodsData from patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 (n = 8,070) from January to June 2020 and control participants (n = 121,050) who were randomly selected to match the patients on the basis of age and sex were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Database. Pre-existing diagnoses of AD and PD were identified based on medical claim codes. The associations of pre-existing AD or PD with contracting COVID-19, developing severe COVID-19 and dying due to COVID-19 were examined using a logistic regression model. The participants’ age, sex, income, comorbidity score, and history of hypertension/diabetes were assessed as covariates.ResultsCOVID-19 cases were more likely to have a pre-existing AD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.79–2.50, P-value &lt; 0.001) than controls. COVID-19 cases were more likely to have a pre-existing PD diagnosis than controls, although this estimate did not quite reach statistical significance (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.00–2.00, P-value = 0.054). Pre-existing AD was related to severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.64–2.98; aOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.00–2.00). Pre-existing PD was not associated with mortality (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.75–3.16) but was associated with severe disease (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.56–5.35).ConclusionWe found that COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with a pre-existing diagnosis of AD but not with a pre-existing diagnosis of PD. Patients with pre-existing AD had higher odds of developing severe COVID-19 and dying. Pre-existing PD was only associated with a higher odds of developing severe COVID-19.
Lessons Learned From the Historical Trends on Thrombolysis Use for Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Meng Tong , Trickey Amber W. , Harris Alex H. S. , Matheson Loretta , Rosenthal Sarah , Traboulsi Abd Al-Rahman , Saver Jeffrey L. , Wagner Todd , Govindarajan Prasanthi 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe most recent time trends on intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) utilization for acute ischemic stroke was reported in 2011 using the Get with the Guidelines. Our objectives are to assess and validate the change in IVT utilization through 2014 in a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries and to examine the effect of patient, stroke center designation, and geography on IVT utilization.MethodsWe built a comprehensive national stroke registry by combining patient-level, stroke center status, and geographical characteristics, using multiple data sources. Using multiple national administrative databases from 2007 to 2014, we generated a mixed-effect logistic regression model to characterize the independent associations of patient, hospital, and geographical characteristics with IVT in 2014.ResultsUse of IVT increased consistently from 2.8% in 2007 to 7.7% in 2014, P &lt; 0.001. Between group differences persisted, with lower odds of use in patients who were ≥86 years (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.83), Black (aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61–0.87), or treated at a rural hospital (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77–1.00). Higher odds of use were observed in patients who arrived by ambulance (aOR 2.67, 95% CI 2.38–3.00), were treated at a hospital certified as a stroke center (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.68–2.29), or were treated at hospitals located in the most socioeconomically advantaged areas (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.54).ConclusionsBetween 2007 and 2014, the frequency of IVT for patients with acute ischemic stroke increased substantially, though differences persisted in the form of less frequent treatment associated with certain characteristics. These findings can inform ongoing efforts to optimize the delivery of IVT to all AIS patients nationwide.
Failure of Therapeutic Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Janes Francesco , Gigli Gian Luigi , Kuris Fedra , Morassi Mauro , Costa Paolo , Nesi Lorenzo , Giacomello Roberta , Mazzacane Federico , Leuci Eleonora , Cavallini Anna , Valente Mariarosaria 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a possible complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Although peculiar clinical features and underlying specific mechanisms of thrombogenesis have been suggested so far, there is no consensus on the appropriate vascular preventive drug regimen in patients with COVID-19.Aim and MethodsFrom a larger clinical series of consecutive acute ischemic strokes related to COVID-19 admitted to three cerebrovascular units in Northern Italy, herein, we describe the clinical features of a subgroup of patients in whom stroke occurred despite therapeutic anticoagulation.ResultsA total of seventeen/80 AIS related to COVID-19 (21.2%) occurred in anticoagulated patients. Although no blood level was available for Direct Oral AntiCoagulant, the drug dosage was appropriate according to guidelines. Their National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission was 12.0 (SD = 7.4) and 58.8% of them had evidence of large vessel occlusion. The case fatality rate was as high as 64.7%.Discussion and ConclusionsThe occurrence of an anticoagulation failure seems to be increased in the setting of COVID-19 infection, with worse clinical outcomes if compared to non-COVID-19 related ischemic strokes. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of such evidence, suggesting that some arterial thrombotic complications might be either resistant to or independent of the anticoagulation effect.
Early Health Economic Modeling of Novel Therapeutics in Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Landry Evie C. , Scholte Mirre , Su Matthew P. , Horstink Yvette , Mandavia Rishi , Rovers Maroeska M. , Schilder Anne G. M. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundHealth systems face challenges to accelerate access to innovations that add value and avoid those unlikely to do so. This is very timely to the field of age-related sensorineural hearing loss (ARHL), where a significant unmet market need has been identified and sizeable investments made to promote the development of novel hearing therapeutics (NT). This study aims to apply health economic modeling to inform the development of cost-effective NT.MethodsWe developed a decision-analytic model to assess the potential costs and effects of using regenerative NT in patients ≥50 with ARHL. This was compared to the current standard of care including hearing aids and cochlear implants. Input data was collected from systematic literature searches and expert opinion. A UK NHS healthcare perspective was adopted. Three different but related analyses were performed using probabilistic modeling: (1) headroom analysis, (2) scenario analyses, and (3) threshold analyses.ResultsThe headroom analysis shows an incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB) of £20,017[£11,299–£28,737] compared to the standard of care due to quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gains and cost savings. Higher therapeutic efficacy and access for patients with all degrees of hearing loss yields higher iNMBs. Threshold analyses shows that the ceiling price of the therapeutic increases with more severe degrees of hearing loss.ConclusionNT for ARHL are potentially cost-effective under current willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds with considerable room for improvement in the current standard of care pathway. Our model can be used to help decision makers decide which therapeutics represent value for money and are worth commissioning, thereby paving the way for urgently needed NT.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow Are Not Associated With Plasma Levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 or HSP27
Authors: Bergsten Elin , Rydberg Mattias , Dahlin Lars B. , Zimmerman Malin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNerve compression disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar entrapment at the elbow (UNE), may be associated with apoptosis and neuroprotective mechanisms in the peripheral nerve that may be detected by biomarkers in the blood. The relationships between CTS and UNE and two biomarkers of apoptosis, i.e., caspase-3 and caspase-8, and the neuroprotective factor Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) in plasma were examined in a population-based cohort.MethodThe biomarkers caspase-3, caspase-8 and HSP27 were measured in plasma at inclusion of 4,284 study participants aged 46–68 years in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDCS). End-point retrieval was made from national registers concerning CTS and UNE. Independent t-test was used to examine the association between caspase-3, caspase-8 and HSP27 plasma levels and incidence of CTS and UNE. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate if plasma levels of caspase-3, caspase-8 and HSP27 affected time to diagnosis of CTS or UNE.ResultsDuring the mean follow-up time of 22 years, 189/4,284 (4%) participants were diagnosed with CTS and 42/4,284 (1%) were diagnosed with UNE. No associations were found between incident CTS or UNE and the biomarkers caspase-3, caspase-8 and HSP27 in plasma.ConclusionThe apoptotic biomarkers caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the neuroprotective factor HSP27 in plasma, factors conceivably related to a nerve injury, are not associated with the nerve compression disorders CTS and UNE in a general population.
Altered Neural Network Connectivity Predicts Depression in de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xu Jianxia , Chen Yubing , Wang Hui , Li Yuqian , Li Lanting , Ren Jingru , Sun Yu , Liu Weiguo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDepression, one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), was proposed to be related to neural network dysfunction in advanced PD patients. However, the underlying mechanisms in the early stage remain unclear. The study was aimed to explore the alterations of large-scale neural networks in de novo PD patients with depression.MethodsWe performed independent component analysis (ICA) on the data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 21 de novo PD patients with depression (dPD), 34 de novo PD patients without depression (ndPD), and 43 healthy controls (HCs) to extract functional networks. Intranetwork and internetwork connectivity was calculated for comparison between groups, correlation analysis, and predicting the occurrence of depression in PD.ResultsWe observed an ordered decrease of connectivity among groups within the ventral attention network (VAN) (dPD &lt; ndPD &lt; HCs), mainly located in the left middle temporal cortex. Besides, dPD patients exhibited hypoconnectivity between the auditory network (AUD) and default mode network (DMN) or VAN compared to ndPD patients or healthy controls. Correlation analysis revealed that depression severity was negatively correlated with connectivity value within VAN and positively correlated with the connectivity value of AUD-VAN in dPD patients, respectively. Further analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for dPD prediction was 0.863 when combining the intranetwork connectivity in VAN and internetwork connectivity in AUD-DMN and AUD-VAN.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that early dPD may be associated with abnormality of attention bias and especially auditory attention processing. Altered neural network connectivity is expected to be a potential neuroimaging biomarker to predict depression in PD.
The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Affects the Survival of Multiple Myeloma Independently
Authors: Zhang Bei , Bian Bingyang , Zhang Yanjiao , Zhang Li , Zhang Rongkui , Wang Jiping 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDiffusion-weighted whole-body MRI (DW-MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate bone diseases of multiple myeloma (MM), but there is lack of quantitative indicator for DW-MRI to reflect the prognosis of MM. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in DW-MRI has potential correlations between some indexes of MM, but the influence of ADC on MM survival needs to be further verified.MethodsA total of 381 newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled in the study to analyze the effect of ADC values in DW-MRI on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to perform univariate survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. In addition to the ADC value, genetic and serological indexes were also included.ResultsThe survivals were observed in univariate ADC stratification with median PFS of 52.0, 45.0, 34.0, and 26.0 months (the unit of ADC value was 10−3 mm2/s; the ADC ranges were ADC &lt; 0.4886, 0.4886 ≤ ADC &lt; 0.6545, 0.6545 ≤ ADC &lt; 0.7750, and ADC ≥ 0.7750; 95% CI, 43.759–62.241, 46.336–53.664, 39.753–46.247, and 27.812–32.188). The OS were 81.0, 61.0, 47.0, and 36.0 months (p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI, 71.356–82.644, 67.630–70.370, 57.031–60.969, and 36.107–43.893). In Cox proportional hazards model, the ADC value was considered to be an independent risk factor affecting PFS and OS of MM (both p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports that ADC in DW-MRI may independently stratify MM patients and better predict their prognosis. The combined use of DW-MRI and other parameters allows more accurate evaluation of MM survival.Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=49012, ChiCTR2000029587.
Initial PCV Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy Is Associated With a Prolonged Response But Late Neurotoxicity in 20 Diffuse Low-Grade Glioma Patients
Authors: Blonski Marie , Obara Tiphaine , Brzenczek Cyril , Pouget Celso , Dillier Céline , Meyer Mylène , Lavigne Laura , Forthoffer Natacha , Broussois Aurélie , Gauchotte Guillaume , Baron Marie-Hélène , Rech Fabien , Mézières Sophie , Gaudeau Yann , Verger Antoine , Vogin Guillaume , Anxionnat René , Moureaux Jean-Marie , Taillandier Luc 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundStudy RTOG 9802 in high-risk diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) showed the potential synergistic effect on survival of the procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV) radiotherapy (RT) combination. Limited data on long-term neurocognitive impact and quality of life (QoL) have yet been reported.Patients and MethodsWe described a monocentric series of patients treated at first line by the combination of PCV immediately followed by RT between January 01, 1982 and January 01, 2017. Radiological data were collected and included volume, velocity of diametric expansion (VDE), and MRI aspects. Long-term neurocognitive and QoL were analyzed.ResultsTwenty patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The median response rate was 65.1% (range, 9.6%–99%) at the time of maximal VDE decrease corresponding to a median volume reduction of 79.7 cm3 (range, 3.1 to 174.2 cm3), which occurred after a median period of 7.2 years (range, 0.3–21.9) after the end of RT. An ongoing negative VDE was measured in 13/16 patients after the end of RT, with a median duration of 6.7 years (range, 9 months–21.9 years). The median follow-up since radiological diagnosis was 17.5 years (range, 4.8 to 29.5). Estimated median survival was 17.4 years (95% CI: 12; NR). After a long-term follow-up, substantial neurotoxicity was noticed with dementia in six progression-free patients (30%), leading to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt procedures in three, and premature death in five. Thirteen patients (65%) were unable to work with disability status. Successive longitudinal neurocognitive assessments for living patients showed verbal episodic memory deterioration.ConclusionsPCV-RT combination seems to have not only an oncological synergy but also a long-term neurotoxic synergy to consider before initial therapeutic decision.