bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Points of Gram Spectrahedra of Binary Forms
Authors: Scheiderer Claus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Gram spectrahedron $$\mathrm {Gram}(f)$$

Gram
(
f
)

of a form f with real coefficients is a compact affine-linear section of the cone of psd symmetric matrices. It parametrizes the sum of squares decompositions of f, modulo orthogonal equivalence. For f a sufficiently general positive binary form of arbitrary degree, we show that $$\mathrm {Gram}(f)$$

Gram
(
f
)

has extreme points of all ranks in the Pataki range. We also calculate the dimension of the set of rank r extreme points, for any r. Moreover, we determine the pairs of rank two extreme points for which the connecting line segment is an edge of $$\mathrm {Gram}(f)$$

Gram
(
f
)

. The proof of the main result relies on a purely algebraic fact of independent interest: Whenever $$d,r\ge 1$$

d
,
r
≥
1

are integers with $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}r+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) \le 2d+1$$

r
+
1

2

≤
2
d
+
1

, there exists a length r sequence $$f_1,\dots ,f_r$$

f
1

,
⋯
,

f
r

of binary forms of degree d for which the $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}r+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) $$

r
+
1

2

pairwise products $$f_if_j$$

f
i

f
j

, $$i\le j$$

i
≤
j

, are linearly independent.
Telepractice and Dysphagia Management: The Era of COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Ward Elizabeth C. , Raatz Madeline , Marshall Jeanne , Wishart Laurelie R. , Burns Clare L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic drove rapid and widespread uptake of telepractice across all aspects of healthcare. The delivery of dysphagia care was no exception, with telepractice recognized as a service modality that could support social distancing/infection control, overcome service delivery challenges created by lockdowns/service closures, and address consumer concerns about attending in-person appointments. Now, almost two years since most services first rapidly deployed telepractice, it is time to reflect on the big picture, and consider how telepractice will continue as a service option that is sustained and integrated into mainstream dysphagia care. It is also timely to consider the research agenda needed to support this goal. To this end, in this paper we present 4 discussion topics, which raise key considerations for the current and future use of telepractice within adult and pediatric dysphagia services. These are (1) Dysphagia services must meet consumer and service needs; (2) Aspects of dysphagia services can be safely and reliably provided via telepractice; (3) Telepractice can be used in flexible ways to support the delivery of dysphagia services; and (4) Providing quality dysphagia services via telepractice requires planned implementation and evaluation. Then directions for future research are discussed. These considerations are presented to help shift perspectives away from viewing telepractice as simply a COVID-19 “interim-care solution”. Rather, we encourage clinicians, services, and researchers to embrace a future of “integrated care”, where traditional dysphagia services are combined with telepractice models, to enhance the quality of care provided to our clients.
Taste and smell function in long-term survivors after childhood medulloblastoma/CNS-PNET
Authors: Tanem Kristine Eidal , Stensvold Einar , Wilberg Petter , Skaare Anne B. , Singh Preet Bano , Brandal Petter , Herlofson Bente Brokstad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate taste and smell function in survivors, with a minimum of 2 years since treatment of childhood medulloblastoma (MB)/central nervous system supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 survivors treated ≤ 20 years of age. Taste strips with four concentrations of sweet, sour, salt, and bitter were used to assess taste function in all participants. Score from 0 to 16; ≥ 9 normogeusia, < 9 hypogeusia, and complete ageusia which equals no sensation. No sensation of a specific taste quality equals ageusia of that quality. Thirty-two participants conducted smell testing using three subtests of Sniffin’ sticks: threshold, discrimination, and identification. Together they yield a TDI-score from 1 to 48; functional anosmia ≤ 16.00, hyposmia > 16.00– < 30.75, normosmia ≥ 30.75– < 41.50, and ≥ 41.50 hyperosmia. Results were compared with normative data. Survivors rated their taste and smell function using a numerical rating scale (NRS) score 0–10.

Results
Forty survivors with a mean time since treatment of 20.5 years, 13 (32.5%) were diagnosed with hypogeusia, nine (22.5%) of these being ageusic to one or more taste qualities. Seventeen (53%) of 32 participants were diagnosed with hyposmia. The mean scores of the olfactory subtests, and TDI score were significantly lower than normative data (P < 0.0001). The mean NRS scores of smell and taste function were 7.9 ± 1.5 and 8 ± 1.3, respectively.

Conclusion
Our study showed impaired taste and smell function in survivors of childhood MB/CNS-PNET using objective measurements. However, subjective ratings did not reflect objective findings.
Examining the effect of intellectual devices for healthiness using flower bee algorithm
Authors: Teekaraman Yuvaraja , Manoharan Hariprasath , Kuppusamy Ramya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn modern days, for the perseverance of monitoring the vigor of a specific individual, the Wireless Body Sensor Networks have been emerging as an auspicious platform. The foremost challenge such as energy, path loss, and transmission distance that is prevalent from early days has been addressed in this article. The focal notion specified in this exploration is to discover the sensor locations on a human body that is much suitable for interconnecting the information about the intact body thus satisfying all the objectives. The focal difference between the proposed technique and the existing methods is that the projected methodology enacts multiple objectives as an alternative of distinct impartial. Further, the problem of finding the locations of sensors has been executed on an online monitoring system using MATLAB platform where the consequences are found to be improved practically for about 65% when compared with existing literature.
Mycorrhizal structures in mycoheterotrophic Thismia spp. (Thismiaceae): functional and evolutionary interpretations
Authors: Feller Benjamin , Dančák Martin , Hroneš Michal , Sochor Michal , Suetsugu Kenji , Imhof Stephan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAchlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants often have an elaborate mycorrhizal colonization pattern, allowing a sustained benefit from external fungal root penetrations. The present study reveals the root anatomy and mycorrhizal pattern of eight mycoheterotrophic Thismia spp. (Thismiaceae), all of which show separate tissue compartments segregating different hyphal shapes of the mycorrhizal colonization, as there are intact straight, coiled and peculiarly knotted hyphae as well as degenerated clumps of hyphal material. Those tissue compartments in Thismia roots potentially comprise exo-, meso- and endoepidermae, and exo-, meso- and endocortices, although not all species develop all these root layers. Differences in details among species according to anatomy (number of root layers, cell sizes and shapes) and colonization pattern (hyphal shapes within cells) are striking and can be discussed as an evolutionary series towards increasing mycorrhizal complexity which roughly parallels the recently established phylogeny of Thismia. We suggest functional explanations for why the distinct elements of the associations can contribute to the mycorrhizal advantage for the plants and, thus, we emphasize the relevance of structural traits for mycorrhizae.
Blood-based biomarker in Parkinson’s disease: potential for future applications in clinical research and practice
Authors: Tönges Lars , Buhmann Carsten , Klebe Stephan , Klucken Jochen , Kwon Eun Hae , Müller Thomas , Pedrosa David J. , Schröter Nils , Riederer Peter , Lingor Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is both complex and heterogeneous, and its precise classification often requires an intensive work-up. The differential diagnosis, assessment of disease progression, evaluation of therapeutic responses, or identification of PD subtypes frequently remains uncertain from a clinical point of view. Various tissue- and fluid-based biomarkers are currently being investigated to improve the description of PD. From a clinician's perspective, signatures from blood that are relatively easy to obtain would have great potential for use in clinical practice if they fulfill the necessary requirements as PD biomarker. In this review article, we summarize the knowledge on blood-based PD biomarkers and present both a researcher’s and a clinician’s perspective on recent developments and potential future applications.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects serotonergic neurons against 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“Ecstasy”) induced cytoskeletal damage
Authors: Bavato F. , Stamatakos S. , Ohki C. M. Yde , Seifritz E. , Romualdi P. , Grünblatt E. , Quednow B. B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) use has been linked to persistent alterations of the brain serotonergic (5-HT) system in animal and human studies, but the molecular underpinnings are still unclear. Cytoskeletal structures such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) are promising markers of drug-induced brain toxicity and may be involved in MDMA neurotoxicity. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the growth and sprouting of 5-HT neurons and its differential response to MDMA administration was suggested to mediate dose- and region-dependent 5-HT damage by MDMA. However, the role of BDNF pre-treatment in preventing MDMA neurotoxicity and the potential effects of MDMA on NfL are still elusive. Therefore, a differentiated 5-HT neuronal cell line obtained from rat raphe nucleus (RN46A) was treated in vitro with either MDMA, BDNF, MDMA + BDNF, or vehicle. Cell viability (measured by MTT) and intracellular NfL levels (immunocytochemistry assay) were reduced by MDMA, but partially rescued by BDNF co-treatment. Our findings confirmed that BDNF levels can influence MDMA-induced 5-HT damage, and support BDNF to be a crucial target for neuroprotective interventions of the 5-HT system. We also provide evidence on the sensitivity of NfL to MDMA neurotoxicity, with potential implications for in-vivo monitoring of drug-induced neurotoxicity.
The fractional Makai–Hayman inequality
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Brasco Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove that the first eigenvalue of the fractional Dirichlet–Laplacian of orderson a simply connected set of the plane can be bounded from below in terms of its inradius only. This is valid for$$1/2<s<1$$1/2<s<1and we show that this condition is sharp, i.e., for$$0<s\le 1/2$$0<s≤1/2such a lower bound is not possible. The constant appearing in the estimate has the correct asymptotic behavior with respect tos, as it permits to recover a classical result by Makai and Hayman in the limit$$s\nearrow 1$$s↗1. The paper is as self-contained as possible.
Reply to Sana et al.’s (2022) Commentary on Rest-from-Deliberate-Learning as a Mechanism for the Spacing Effect
Authors: Chen Ouhao , Paas Fred , Sweller John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSana and colleagues (2022) have raised a number of challenges regarding the operationalisation of constructs and selection of articles to Chen et al.’s (Educational Psychology Review 33:1499–1522, 2021) suggestion that resting from cognitive activity could possibly allow for working memory recovery and so explain some of the data on the spacing effect. In our response, we indicate that the goal of our proposed framework was to try to resolve some mixed results of the spacing and interleaving effects and offer an alternative explanation for those mixed results, rather than proposing a theory of everything. We acknowledge that there are other important factors, which does not however, provide grounds for rejecting our hypothesis. Additional empirical studies are needed to determine whether rest and its effect on working memory are important when analysing the spacing effect.
On the Effect of the Volumetric Deformation in Soft Dielectric Composites with High Phase Contrast
Authors: Bardella Lorenzo , Volpini Valentina , Gei Massimiliano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTowards the accurate modelling of soft dielectric composites, this investigation aims at demonstrating that the incompressibility constraint customarily adopted in the literature may lead to largely inaccurate predictions. This claim is grounded on the premise that, even though in these composites each phase may individually be assumed to be incompressible, the volumetric deformation of the softest phase can provide a significant contribution to the effective behaviour if the phase contrast is high enough. To reach our goal, we determine the actuation response of two-phase dielectric laminated composites (DLCs) where the softest phase admits volumetric deformation. Our results, discussed in the light of the limit case in which the softest phase consists of vacuum, on the one hand, challenge the hypotheses usually assumed in the modelling of soft dielectric composites and, on the other hand, are expected to provide useful information for the design of high-performance hierarchical DLCs.
The KUSF and the NCAA: a comparative study of national collegiate sport organizations' academic policies
Authors: Lee Youngjik , Pond Addison , Hums Mary , George Casey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this comparative study was to investigate and compare the academic policies of the Korean University Sport Federation (KUSF) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). A qualitative, multiple case study design was utilized for this study. Specifically, in-depth interviews were completed with current South Korean (N = 3) and US (N = 3) college women's tennis players to understand their experiences and perceptions linked to the KUSF's and NCAA’s academic policies. A total of three distinct themes emerged with US student-athletes: (a) academic advisor involvement, (b) academic regulations, and (c) study hall. One theme emerged with South Korean student-athletes: absence of academic support. The results of this study provide practical insights to administrators of South Korean intercollegiate athletics regarding their academic policies.
When philosophy (of science) meets formal methods: a citation analysis of early approaches between research fields
Authors: Bonino Guido , Maffezioli Paolo , Petrovich Eugenio , Tripodi Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article investigates what happens when philosophy (of science) meets and begins to establish connections with two formal research methods such as game theory and network science. We use citation analysis to identify, among the articles published in Synthese and Philosophy of Science between 1985 and 2021, those that cite the specialistic literature in game theory and network science. Then, we investigate the structure of the two corpora thus identified by bibliographic coupling and divide them into clusters of related papers by automatic community detection. Lastly, we construct by the same bibliometric techniques a reference map of philosophy, on which we overlay our corpora to map the diffusion of game theory and network science in the various sub-areas of recent philosophy. Three main results derive from this study. (i) Philosophers are interested not only in using and investigating game theory as a formal method belonging to applied mathematics and sharing many relevant features with social choice theory, but also in considering its applications in more empirically oriented disciplines such as social psychology, cognitive science, or biology. (ii) Philosophers focus on networks in two research contexts and in two different ways: in the debate on causality and scientific explanation, they consider the results of network science; in social epistemology, they employ network science as a formal tool. (iii) In the reference map, logic—whose use in philosophy dates back to a much earlier period—is distributed in a more uniform way than recently encountered disciplines such as game theory and network science. We conclude by discussing some methodological limitations of our bibliometric approach, especially with reference to the problem of field delineation.
Spacetime: function and approximation
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral approaches to quantum gravity (QG) signal the loss of spacetime at some level. According to spacetime functionalism, spacetime is functionally realised by a more fundamental structure. According to one version of spacetime functionalism, the spacetime role is specified by Ramsifying general relativity (GR). In some approaches to QG, however, there does not appear to be anything that exactly realises the functional role defined by a Ramsey sentence for GR. The spacetime role is approximately realised. It is open to the spacetime functionalist to adopt a ‘near enough is good enough’ attitude to functional realisation, and maintain that spacetime is functionally realised nonetheless. In this paper I present a challenge for such an ‘approximate’ spacetime functionalism. The challenge, in brief, is to provide an account of how ‘close’ is close enough for approximate realisation to occur. I canvass a range of options for spelling out a similarity relation of the relevant kind, and argue that none are successful. In light of the challenge, I recommend giving up on the functional realisation of spacetime. I argue, however, that even if spacetime as a whole is not functionally realised, some of the functions of spacetime may still be performed.
Re-engineering contested concepts. A reflective-equilibrium approach
Authors: Brun Georg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial scientists, political scientists and philosophers debate key concepts such asdemocracy, powerandautonomy. Contested concepts like these pose questions: Are terms such as “democracy” hopelessly ambiguous? How can two theorists defend alternative accounts of democracy without talking past each other? How can we understand debates in which theorists disagree about what democracy is? This paper first discusses the popular strategy to answer these questions by appealing to Rawls’s distinction between concepts and conceptions. According to this approach, defenders of rival conceptions of, e.g. justice can disagree without talking past each other because they share the concept of justice. It is argued that this idea is attractive but limited in application and that it fails to do justice to the dynamic and normative aspects of concept formation. Reflective equilibrium is then suggested as an alternative approach. It replaces the static contrast between a conceptual ‘core’ and competing conceptions by a dynamic perspective of concept formation as a partly normative undertaking: pre-theoretic language use and commitments can provide a shared starting point for developing alternative accounts which yield different concepts of, e.g. justice. This perspective provides a new understanding of how it is possible that different theorists defend rival accounts of, e.g. justice, without talking past each other.
Nominalist dispositional essentialism
Authors: Vogt Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDispositional Essentialism, as commonly conceived, consists in the claims that at least some of the fundamental properties essentially confer certain causal-nomological roles on their bearers, and that these properties give rise to the natural modalities. As such, the view is generally taken to be committed to a realist conception of properties as either universals or tropes, and to be thus incompatible with nominalism as understood in the strict sense. Pace this common assumption of the ontological import of Dispositional Essentialism, the aim of this paper is to explore a nominalist version of the view, Austere Nominalist Dispositional Essentialism. The core features of the proposed account are that it eschews all kinds of properties (be they universals, tropes, or sets of particulars), takes certain predicative truths as fundamental, and employs the so-called generic notion of essence. As I will argue, the account is significantly closer to the core idea behind Dispositional Essentialism than the only nominalist account in the vicinity of Dispositional Essentialism that has been offered so far—Ann Whittle’s (2009) Causal Nominalism—and is immune to crucial problems that affect this view.
Knot much like tonk
Authors: De Michael , Omori Hitoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConnectives such as Tonk have posed a significant challenge to the inferentialist. It has been recently argued (Button 2016; Button and Walsh 2018) that the classical semanticist faces an analogous problem due to the definability of “nasty connectives” under non-standard interpretations of the classical propositional vocabulary. In this paper, we defend the classical semanticist from this alleged problem.
Constant light exposure and/or pinealectomy increases susceptibility to trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity and liver cancer in male mice
Authors: Abdraboh Mohamed E. , El-Missiry Mohamed A. , Othman Azza I. , Taha Ahmed Nageeb , Elhamed Dalia S. Abd , Amer Maggie E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExposure to light at night, pineal gland impairment, and the environmental pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE) have serious implications for health and contribute to illness, including liver cancer. The adverse effect of the association of continuous exposure to light with decreased melatonin levels and TCE-induced toxicity is not disclosed in target organs. This work explored the role of light and pineal impairment in increasing susceptibility to liver toxicity and cancer upon exposure to TCE. Male albino mice were divided into groups as follows: control group (12-h light/12-h dark cycle), constant light (24-h light), pinealectomized (Pnx) mice, sham surgically treated group, TCE-treated groups subjected to two doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) at two different light regimens, and combination of Pnx and TCE-treated mice kept at a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. Melatonin levels were significantly decreased in both Pnx mice and TCE-treated animals at both light regimens. Aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, activities, and serum bilirubin levels were significantly elevated, whereas albumin levels were markedly decreased in Pnx mice, TCE-treated mice, and the combination group. Histopathological investigations reflected changes in liver function parameters indicating liver injury and induction of cancer. These effects were accompanied by significant increase of the liver cancer biomarker alpha-fetoprotein and the expression of the metastatic markers CD44, TGFβ-1, and VEGF, along with increased oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in both Pnx and TCE-treated mice and the combination group at both light regimens. Taken together, our findings indicated that low melatonin levels, exposure to constant light, and the combination of both factors increases susceptibility to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of TCE on the liver.