bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Device Neoendothelialization With Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography After Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Kim Ah Young , Woo Wongi , Lim Beom Jin , Jung Jo Won , Young Choi Jae , Kim Young Jin 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Although the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect was established as the treatment of choice several decades ago, the process of device neoendothelialization (NE) in humans is not well understood. We aimed to measure the extent of device NE using cardiac computed tomography angiography and analyze its risk factors.

Methods:
Between January 2005 and February 2021, we retrospectively reviewed 164 devices of 112 patients on cardiac computed tomography angiography. We investigated device shape, contrast opacification within the device that differentiated device NE, and device-related thrombosis or vegetation. Risk factor analysis for major adverse cardiovascular events and incomplete NE according to the postprocedural period was performed.

Results:

Seventy patients (62.5%) were women, with a median (range) age at the time of device closure of 44.5 (0.6–79.2) years. The mean (±SD) defect size was 16.6 (±7.8) mm, and patients were followed for 35.9±33.9 months. After 6 months of device implantation, 35% of the devices (42/120) had incomplete NE. The intensity of intradevice opacification shifted from complete to partial or nonopacification over time (
P
<0.001), and a similar pattern was observed in the shunt flow (
P
<0.001). The bulkiness of devices also decreased in proportion to the postprocedural period (
P
<0.001). Risk analysis revealed device diameter (hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.04–1.27];
P
<0.001) as the only significant factor of incomplete NE and major adverse events.

Conclusions:
Incomplete NE of atrial septal defect devices was identified on cardiac computed tomography angiography in significant numbers after 6 months of the procedure. The device diameter was related to incomplete NE and major adverse events. Further prospective and multicenter studies are warranted to validate this new assessment of device NE.
Factors contributing to the range expansion and population increase of a native generalist species
Authors: Tate Eleanor G. , Pitt Amber L. , Little Myles D. , Tavano Joseph J. , Nickerson Max A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ecological communities are becoming more typified by generalist species in conjunction with anthropogenic activities. Using a long-term dataset (1968-2019), we documented the expansion of a native generalist species, the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), into a river community, and studied the subsequent population changes that occurred in conjunction with short- and long-term changes within the ecosystem. Trachemys scripta elegans was able to expand into a new geographic area following a harvesting-induced population decline of a native competitor, the northern map turtle (Graptemys geographica). The population of T. s. elegans remained small for approximately 2.5 decades, then significantly increased in conjunction with habitat degradation in the form of increased silt/sediment deposits and nuisance aquatic vegetation growth. Our results demonstrate how a generalist species can expand and establish a population in an area impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors. This research reveals how ecological communities become characterized by more generalist species following anthropogenically-induced competitive release caused by harvesting of native competitors, habitat degradation, and extreme flooding associated with land cover and climate change.
Depolarising Nationalism
Authors: Rückheim Philipp 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study looks at a cultural component of Scottish nationalism and presents a novel understanding of state-church relations concerning nationalism in the twenty-first century. It offers an in-depth analysis of decisions and strategies employed by religious actors in dealing with the Scottish independence referendum of 2014. In contrast to the nationalist polarisation fuelled by exclusionary claims of national religion in contemporary democracies such as India, Poland or the USA, religion in Scotland depolarised nationalism. Most churches were willing to risk the existing state-church hierarchy of a national church for the religious autonomy inherent in ecumenism. The study discusses religious pluralism and equality as mechanisms through which religion depolarises nationalism and enables democracy.
Not All Mice Are Created Equal: Interval Timing Accuracy and Scalar Timing in 129, Swiss-Webster, and C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Buhusi Catalin V. , Meyer Abby E. , Oprisan Sorinel A. , Buhusi Mona 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many species, including humans, show both accurate timing − appropriate time estimation in the seconds to minutes range − and scalar timing − time estimation error varies linearly with estimated duration. Behavioral paradigms aimed at investigating interval timing are expected to evaluate these dissociable characteristics of timing. However, when evaluating interval timing in models of neuropsychiatric disease, researchers are confronted with a lack of adequate studies about the parent (background) strains, since accuracy and scalar timing have only been demonstrated for the C57BL/6 strain of mice (Buhusi, Aziz, Winslow, Carter, Swearingen, & Buhusi (2009) Behav. Neurosci., 123, 1102–1113). We used a peak-interval (PI) procedure with three intervals − a protocol in which other species, including humans, demonstrate accurate, scalar timing − to evaluate timing accuracy and scalar timing in three strains of mice frequently used in genetic and behavioral studies: 129, Swiss-Webster (SW), and C57BL/6. C57BL/6 mice showed accurate, scalar timing, while 129 and SW mice showed departures from accuracy and/or scalar timing. Results suggest that the genetic background/strain of the mouse is a critical variable for studies investigating interval timing in genetically engineered mice. Our study validates the PI procedure with multiple intervals as a proper technique, and the C57BL/6 strain as the most suitable genetic background to date for behavioral investigations of interval timing in genetically engineered mice modeling human disorders. In contrast, studies using mice in 129, SW, or mixed-background strains should be interpreted with caution, and thorough investigations of accuracy and scalar timing should be conducted before a less studied strain of mouse is considered for use in timing studies.
The Role of a Mechanical Coupling in (Spontaneous) Interpersonal Synchronization: a Human Version of Huygens’ Clock Experiments
Authors: Crombé Kristel , Denys Marlies , Maes Pieter-Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Interpersonal musical interaction typically relies on the mutual exchange of auditory and visual information. Inspired by the finding of Christiaan Huygens that two pendulum clocks spontaneously synchronize when hanging from a common, movable wooden beam, we explored the possible use of mechanical coupling as an alternative coupling modality between people to strengthen (spontaneous and instructed) joint (musical) synchronization. From a coupled oscillator viewpoint, we hypothesized that dyads standing on a common movable platform would cause bidirectional passive body motion (and corresponding proprioceptive, vestibular and somatosensory sensations), leading to enhanced interpersonal coordination and mutual entrainment. To test this hypothesis, we asked dyads to perform a musical synchronization–continuation task, while standing on a movable platform. Their rhythmic movements were compared under different conditions: mechanically coupled/decoupled platforms, and spontaneous/instructed synchronization. Additionally, we investigated the effects of performing an additional collaborative conversation task, and of initial tempo and phase differences in the instructed rhythms. The analysis was based on cross wavelet and synchrosqueezed transforms. The overall conclusion was that a mechanical coupling was effective in support of interpersonal synchronization, specifically when dyads were explicitly instructed to synchronize using the movable platform (instructed synchronization). On the other hand, results showed that mechanical coupling led only minimally to spontaneous interpersonal synchronization. The collaborative task and the initial phase and tempo have no strong effect. Although more research is required, possible applications can be found in the domains of music education, dance and music performance, sports, and well-being.
Road Safety – A Global Emergency
Authors: Fox Sarah Jane 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The reality is that transport and mobility matters to us all, it literally sustains our lives being an enabler of our economic and social life. ‘We’ take it for granted and perhaps none more so than the motorcar. Yet road transport also comes at a price – it takes lives.
From a United Nations perspective, it is identified that road crashes risk jeopardizing the whole sustainable development agenda.
This research commences by reflecting on the history and strategic direction being advocated at an international level. It considers the global divide, before attention and emphasis is turned to the EU’s approach to saving lives on the road. This is also compared with the US. The method applied is from a legal/policy measures approach – which puts the driver at the heart of intervention strategies. Focus in particular is accorded to the success of the EU driver/education law and policy.
Comparisons are also drawn within, between the pandemic of Covid-19 and this global epidemic (in terms of lives lost). It concludes by declaring road deaths as a global emergency, one that needs to be approached in the same way and with the same vigour and haste, in order to stop numbers rising.
Evaluation of bio-psycho-social and socio-cultural problems of Syrian elderly living in Turkey
Authors: Apak Emrah , Artan Taner , Ozucelik Dogac Niyazi 
Published: July 2022

Background: Older persons are among the vulnerable groups most affected by war and migration due to physical weakness, illness, social environment, and cultural adaptation difficulties. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the economic, biopsychosocial, and socio-cultural problems of the older Syrians living in Turkey. Methods: Convergent mixed design was used within the scope of the research. For the qualitative phase of the research, 19 older persons migrants were interviewed. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data in the interviews. For the quantitative phase of the research, 432 participants were reached. In order to collect data, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and Socio-cultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) were used together with the demographic information form. Results: The mean age of the participants was 66.2 ± 7.10 (Min: 60; Max: 91), the majority (87%) between the ages of 60 to 74 and 53.2% were male. The mean SCAS-R score of the older Syrians was 2.48 ± 0.88 (Min: 1; Max: 5) and the mean GDS-15 was 2.63 ± 3.84 (Min: 0; Max: 15). About 22.7% of older Syrian participants had mild or severe depressive symptoms. Experienced traumatic events, changing economic situation, and family relationships affected both physical and mental health of the older persons. The socio-cultural adaptation of the older persons was affected by language, temporary protection, and exposure to exclusion. The Older Syrians, who lacked information on social services, were experiencing problems with nutrition, clothing, bill payment, and rent due to economic problems. However, they mostly did not want to return to Syria because their living order in Syria was deteriorating and they were afraid. Conclusion: Syrian elderly immigrants living in Turkey have biopsychosocial, economic, and cultural problems. National and international support programs and policies should be developed for elderly Syrian refugees who are expected to live in Turkey unless a safe living environment is provided.
Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement Variation Between Rural and Urban Otolaryngologists
Authors: Patel Rahul A. , Torabi Sina J. , Kayastha Darpan , Kuan Edward C. , Manes R. Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare billing practices, reimbursement rates, and patient populations of otolaryngology (ORL) physicians practicing in rural and urban settings.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.SettingMedicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Data.MethodsMedicare‐allowed payments, number of services, and number of patients were gathered along with patient population comorbidity statistics, including average hierarchical condition category risk scores.ResultsIn 2019, 92% of the overall total 8959 ORL physicians practiced in an urban setting. These 8243 urban ORL physicians, on average, billed for 51 (interquartile range [IQR], 31‐67) unique Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes, cared for 393 (IQR, 172‐535) Medicare patients, performed 1761 (IQR, 502‐2070) services, and collected $139,957 (IQR, $55,527‐$178,479) per provider. In contrast, the 704 rural ORL physicians, on average, billed for a greater number of unique HCPCS codes (59; IQR, 37‐77; P < .001), treated more Medicare patients (445; IQR, 242‐614; P < .001), and performed more services (2330; IQR, 694‐2748; P < .001) but collected about the same per provider ($141,035; IQR, $56,555‐$172,864; P = .426). Older age was associated with rural practice (P = .027). Among both urban and rural ORL physicians, the variety and complexity of procedures and patient comorbidity profiles were comparable.ConclusionMost ORL physicians practice in large urban settings, a finding potentially related to financial sustainability and career opportunity. With an already small workforce, the aging rural ORL physician population is an identifiable weak point in the otolaryngology specialty that must be addressed with geo‐specific recruitment campaigns, rural work incentivization, and the development of career advancement opportunities in rural areas.
Case Report: Possible Serotonin Syndrome in a Patient Taking Kratom and Multiple Serotonergic Agents
Authors: Eudaley Sarah T. , Brooks Shelby P. , Hamilton Leslie A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Kratom, an unregulated herbal supplement, has emerged as self-treatment for anxiety/depression. Kratom exhibits inhibition at multiple cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in metabolism of prescription medications, including serotonergic agents. We report a case of possible serotonin syndrome induced by kratom use in combination with prescription psychotropic medications. Case A 63-year-old male presented with diaphoresis, flushing, aphasia, confusion, dysarthria, right facial droop, and oral temperature of 39.6oC (103.2oF), lactate 2.7 mmol/L, and creatine phosphokinase of 1507 IU/L. Initial differential diagnoses included acute ischemic stroke and bacterial meningitis. Despite partial treatment with alteplase and broad-spectrum antibiotics, symptoms persisted, and subsequent physical exam noted hyperreflexia, clonus, tremors, and temperature of 41.1oC (106oF). Home medications included a chronic regimen for anxiety/depression with bupropion, buspirone, desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone, in addition to kratom. Clinical suspicion for serotonin syndrome led to initiation of cyproheptadine, lorazepam, and cooling blankets. Aphasia, facial droop, and confusion improved after administration of cyproheptadine. Bupropion was restarted during hospitalization; remaining medications restarted at the discretion of the primary care provider. Discussion Risk of serotonin syndrome with multiple serotonergic agents is well-known. Kratom is metabolized by cytochrome P40 isozymes 3A4, 2C9, and 2D6, and exhibits inhibition at those enzymes, in addition to 1A2. Pharmacokinetic interactions of kratom with prescription serotonergic agents metabolized through these isozymes has the potential to increase systemic exposure of serotonin, potentially leading to serotonin syndrome. Conclusion Because substances contained in kratom can inhibit metabolism of prescription serotonergic medications, clinicians must be aware of potential development of serotonin syndrome.
Rural Entrepreneurship through Khadi and Village Industries
Authors: Supekar Shobha , Dhage S. K. 
Published: July 2022

In India, about 70% population lives in villages. Village industries play a very crucial role in the country’s economic development as well as rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is not only important for generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but it also contributes to the development of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship is one of the solutions to eradicate poverty, stop migration, minimise economic disparity, solve unemployment problem and develop rural and backward areas. Khadi and village industries play an important role in promoting rural entrepreneurship. The present article is based on secondary data. It explains the concept of rural entrepreneurship and role of khadi and village industries in promoting rural entrepreneurship.
Comprehensive analysis of MET mutations in NSCLC patients in a real-world setting
Authors: Ai Xinghao , Yu Yongfeng , Zhao Jun , Sheng Wang , Bai Jing , Fan Zaiwen , Liu Xuemei , Ji Wenxiang , Chen Rongrong , Lu Shun 
Published: July 2022

Background: Aberrant mesenchymal–epithelial transition/hepatocyte growth factor (MET/HGF) regulation presented in a wide variety of human cancers. MET exon 14 skipping, copy number gain (CNG), and kinase domain mutations/arrangements were associated with increased MET activity, and considered to be oncogenic drivers of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 564 patients with MET alterations. MET alterations were classified into structural mutations or small mutations. MET CNG, exon 14 skipping, gain of function (GOF) mutations, and kinase domain rearrangement were defined as actionable mutations. Results: Six hundred thirty-two MET mutations were identified including 199 CNG, 117 exon 14 skipping, 12 GOF mutations, and 2 actionable fusions. Higher percentage of MET structural alterations (CNG + fusion) were detected in advanced NSCLC patients. Moreover, MET CNG was enriched while exon 14 skipping was rare in epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI)-treated advanced NSCLC patients. Ten of the 12 MET GOF mutations were also in EGFR-TKI-treated patients. Fifteen (68.1%) of the 22 patients treated with crizotinib or savolitinib had a partial response. Interestingly, one patient had a great response to savolitinib with a novel MET exon 14 skipping mutation identified after failure of immune-checkpoint inhibitor. Conclusions: Half of the MET alterations were actionable mutations. MET CNG, exon 14 skipping and GOF mutations had different distribution in different clinical scenario but all defined a molecular subgroup of NSCLCs for which MET inhibition was active.
Predicting osteoarthritis in adults using statistical data mining and machine learning
Authors: Bertoncelli Carlo M. , Altamura Paola , Bagui Sikha , Bagui Subhash , Vieira Edgar Ramos , Costantini Stefania , Monticone Marco , Solla Federico , Bertoncelli Domenico 
Published: July 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been considered a disease of older adults (⩾65 years old), but it may appear in younger adults. However, the risk factors for OA in younger adults need to be further evaluated. Objectives: To develop a prediction model for identifying risk factors of OA in subjects aged 20–50 years and compare the performance of different machine learning models. Methods: We included data from 52,512 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; of those, we analyzed only subjects aged 20–50 years ( n = 19,133), with or without OA. The supervised machine learning model ‘Deep PredictMed’ based on logistic regression, deep neural network (DNN), and support vector machine was used for identifying demographic and personal characteristics that are associated with OA. Finally, we compared the performance of the different models. Results: Being a female ( p < 0.001), older age ( p < 0.001), a smoker ( p < 0.001), higher body mass index ( p < 0.001), high blood pressure ( p < 0.001), race/ethnicity (lowest risk among Mexican Americans, p = 0.01), and physical and mental limitations ( p < 0.001) were associated with having OA. Best predictive performance yielded a 75% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: Sex (female), age (older), smoking (yes), body mass index (higher), blood pressure (high), race/ethnicity, and physical and mental limitations are risk factors for having OA in adults aged 20–50 years. The best predictive performance was achieved using DNN algorithms.
Single-shot spinal diamorphine for laparoscopic nephrectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Vicary-Watts R , Hall K , Passmore-Szilagyi O , Zelhof B 
Published: July 2022

Single-shot spinal diamorphine is becoming common practice in urological surgery to aid post-operative pain; however, its safety and efficacy require investigation. This study is a retrospective analysis of 113 laparoscopic or robotic-assisted nephrectomies over 4 years under one consultant urologist. Data were collected on demographic, pre-operative scores, anaesthesia, surgical information, post-operative outcomes and opioid consumption. Two main groups were established: no spinal diamorphine (NSD) and spinal diamorphine (SD). Four subgroups were then created, separating those who received patient-controlled anaesthesia (PCA) or not: Group 1 [general anaesthetic (GA)]; Group 2 [GA and PCA]; Group 3 [GA and spinal diamorphine] and Group 4 [GA, spinal diamorphine and PCA]. Ninety-eight eligible patients were identified. At 6 hours, pain scores were significantly higher for all non-spinal groups ( p < 0.05); at 9 h, pain scores were significantly higher in NSD patients compared to SD ( p = 0.026); at 12 h, pain scores were significantly higher for NSD patients compared to SD ( p = 0.024), and Group 1 compared to Group 3 ( p = 0.023). Total opioid consumption in the first 24 h post-surgery was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 3 ( p = 0.024). There was no higher incidence of urinary retention, or any neurological complications reported within the SD patients. The study found a reduction in post-operative pain scores with the use of spinal diamorphine prior to laparoscopic and robotic-assisted nephrectomies. The findings may also suggest that pre-operative spinal diamorphine use can reduce the total volume of opioids administered via other routes in the first 24 h post-operatively. It recommends its routine administration but encourages prospective investigation.