bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Grain Physical Traits to the Study of Variability in Maize
Authors: Almeida Rafael Nunes de , Castro André Soares de 
Published: December 2022

Aims: The identification of new traits that can be used as phenotypic markers as well as potential indirect selection tools is interesting for plant breeding. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential use of physical traits of grains to study phenotypic variability in maize.
Methodology: Ten maize varieties were evaluated, one commercial variety and nine local open-pollinated varieties. After harvesting, the following traits were evaluated: mass of 1000 grains, weight of ears, grain yield per hectare, estimated from plot production; real volume and apparent volume; real density and apparent density; sphericity and volumetric weight; obtained in samples of 50 grains of each of the studied varieties. A principal component analysis was performed on the data. First, those traits that showed a strong correlation with components capable of explaining a smaller portion of the total variation were excluded from the analysis. A new principal component analysis was performed with the remaining traits.
Results: The result revealed the possibility of excluding five of the ten analyzed variables: mass of 1000 grains, weight of ears, apparent volume, real density, and volumetric weight. Some possibilities of trait exclusion can be explained by correlation and method of estimate among them. The genotypes G2 and G3 showed great difference, mainly due the grain yield. The porosity and real volume contributed to the majority variation among genotypes.
Conclusion: Some physical grain traits showed potential for use in divergence studies. Apparent density can be used in indirect selection strategies for higher grain yield.
The Epitope Basis of Embryonic Stem Cell‐Induced Antitumor Immunity against Bladder Cancer
Authors: Jin Meiling , Hu Jingchu , Tong Lili , Zhang Bao‐Zhong , Huang Jian‐Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share many cellular and molecular features with cancer cells. Taking advantage of these similarities, stem cells are effective vaccines against cancers in animal models. However, the molecular basis is not well understood, which hinders the development of effective cancer vaccines. Here, prophylactic and therapeutic bladder cancer vaccines composed of allogeneic ESCs and CpG with or without granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor are tested. The ESC‐based cancer vaccines are able to induce specific antitumor immunity including stimulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and memory CD4+ T cells, reducing myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and preventing bladder cancer growth in mouse models. Furthermore, several genes that are overexpressed in both ESCs and tumors are identified. An epitope‐based vaccine designed with shared overexpressed proteins induces specific antitumor immunity and reduces bladder cancer growth. Functional epitopes underlying the action of stem cell‐based vaccines against bladder cancer are identified and it is confirmed that ESC‐based anticancer vaccines have great potential. A systematic approach is provided here to developing novel effective epitope‐based cancer vaccines in the future.
Direct Conversion of Liquid Organic Precursor into 3D Laser‐Induced Graphene Materials
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Zhao Weiwei , Wang Shuaipeng , Chen Qing , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmong the different states of matter, liquids have particular advantages in terms of easy handling and recycling, which has been manifested in various chemosynthetic reactions, but remains underexplored in graphene synthesis. This work reports the direct conversion of liquid organic precursor into versatile 3D graphene materials using rapid laser irradiation. The liquid precursor allows for easy fabrication of graphene with significant 3D architectures, including powders, patterned composite structures, and substrate‐free films. Taking advantage of the high compatibility of liquid precursor with a wide range of dopants, the 3D graphene can be further engineered together with various functional components, especially the high loading (≈15 wt.%) and well‐dispersed (an average diameter of less than 50 nm) high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles. Furthermore, combined with the 3D printing strategy, the rapid construction of graphene with complex and accurate 3D shapes is demonstrated via a selective in situ laser transforming (SLT) strategy. With the high structural integrity unachievable by traditional 3D printing methods, the obtained objects show an electrical conductivity of 4380 S m−1 and a compressive modulus of 31.8 MPa. The results reported in this work will open up a new way for the fabrication of functional carbon materials with customizable shapes and components.
A Sunflower‐Inspired Sun‐Tracking System Directed by an Ionic Liquid Photodetector
Authors: Gao Naiwei , Wu Xun , Ma Yingchao , Li Xinlei , Jia Jichen , Wang Yapei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSunflower‐inspired sun‐tracking systems have been arousing intensive investigations owing to their benefits to improve the efficiency of solar energy collection. Photodetector based on photosensitive semiconductors is a mainstream choice in the sun‐tracking system, which directs solar collectors always facing the sun. However, photosensitive semiconductors to date have usually hidden the disadvantages of environmental pollution after disposal. As for these problems, this work develops a green ionic liquid‐based photodetector, which displays reliable electrical feedback in response to sunlight. This liquid sunlight detector can be readily recycled with less laborious and costly operations. It obeys a light sensing mechanism of photothermal conversion, so it does not involve the problems related to dark current and light saturation. As a practical demonstration, the ionic liquid‐based photodetector is assembled into a sun‐tracking system, which successfully pursues the moving sun in a real time. When such a sun‐tracking system is in tandem with optical fiber concentrator, sunlight can be efficiently collected and transported to desired position.
Antisolvent Choice Determines the Domain Distribution of Quasi‐2D Perovskite for Blue‐Emitting Perovskites‐Based Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Yantara Natalia , Kanwat Anil , Furuhashi Tomoki , Chua Huei Min , Sum Tze Chien , Mathews Nripan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntisolvent treatment is paramount in the fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite optoelectronic devices as it affords a high crystallization rate critical for the formation of pin holes‐free perovskite films. Although the antisolvent choice determines the domain distribution of quasi‐2D perovskite, and hence the emission wavelength (blue vs green), as well as its light emission efficiency, few studies have examined it in detail. Herein, the crystallization dynamics and resulting optoelectronic properties of PBA (phenyl‐butyl‐ammonium)‐based quasi‐2D perovskites (A′2Am‐1PbmX3m+1), which are commonly employed to create blue emissive films, are scrutinized for the first time through in situ photoluminescence measurements during film formation. The m domain distribution can be tailored by selecting antisolvents with various solubilities of PBA cation. Antisolvents with higher PBA solubility promote the formation of smaller bandgap films due to larger m domains and vice versa. This study effectively reveals a route to tailor quasi‐2D perovskite optoelectronic properties via antisolvent engineering. Fine‐tuning the optoelectronic properties can be done by blending two antisolvents with contrasting PBA cations solubility. By doing so, a blue emissive light emitting diode with emission wavelength ranging from 471 to 509 nm can be fabricated with an external quantum efficiency of 2.9% at 471 nm.
Semi‐crystalline/amorphous latex blends for coatings with improved mechanical performance
Authors: Perez Adrián , Kynaston Emily , Lindsay Christopher , Ballard Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiphase latex particles containing semi‐crystalline domains can be used to reinforce the mechanical properties of coatings made using emulsion polymers, but their synthesis can be challenging. In this work, we show that simple latex blends involving a semi‐crystalline phase can also lead to significantly improved mechanical performance. A series of amorphous and semi‐crystalline polymer latexes are synthesized and the mechanical properties of films cast from blends of the latexes are measured. By tailoring the particle size of the latexes, it is shown that blends can result in improved mechanical performance. This effect is related to the film microstructure, which is demonstrated through simulations of packed blends of latex particles that show the particle size and relative weight fraction govern the statistical probability of contact between amorphous and semi‐crystalline particles. By balancing the continuity of contact between semi‐crystalline latex particles, which leads to stiffer films, and the low Tg amorphous latex, which improves elongation at break, films can be obtained with simultaneously improved stiffness and toughness. The improvement in mechanical properties can also be seen in practical measures relevant to coatings, such as blocking resistance, where the latex blends showed substantial improvement compared to the amorphous latexes.
Perovskite‐Type Hybrid Ferroelectric Semiconductors: A Potential Photosensitive Candidate Family for New Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Li Wenjing , Ma Yu , Xu Haojie , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFerroelectricity, characterized by the reversible switching of spontaneous polarization (Ps) under external electric field, exists in polar crystalline materials without a spatial‐inversion symmetry. On account of inherent Ps, ferroelectric materials show intriguing physical properties including piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, second‐order optical nonlinearity, and electro‐optic effect. Such functions of ferroelectric materials have been widely used for practical applications. Recently, hybrid perovskites are emerging as a promising ferroelectric family that enables the combination and/or coupling of ferroelectricity, photoexcitation, and semiconductor behaviors. Due to the polarization deterioration caused by leakage current of photoexcited carriers, however, it is still a challenge to accomplish practical applications of ferroelectric semiconductors in the photoelectric field. In this review, the recent progress of ferroelectric system of perovskite‐type hybrids with different dimensions is summarized. Primarily, a brief description of crystallographic symmetry breaking which is a fundamental criterion to creating ferroelectricity, is illuminated. The combination and/or coupling of photoelectric properties with ferroelectric Ps is then presented. Finally, the further development tendency and possible application outlooks of this ferroelectric material system are prospected.
Calibrated Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Time‐Domain Measurements of a 7 kWh Automotive Lithium‐Ion Battery Module with 396 Cylindrical Cells
Authors: Kasper Manuel , Moertelmaier Manuel , Ragulskis Mykolas , Al‐Zubaidi R‐Smith Nawfal , Angerer Johannes , Aufreiter Mathias , Romero Alberto , Krummacher Jakob , Xu Jianjun , Root David E. , Kienberger Ferry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 7 kWh automotive battery module with 396 interconnected cells was tested with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and time‐domain pulsing over 260 charge‐discharge cycles. An EIS calibration workflow was developed for low complex impedance values in a frequency range of 1 kHz to 50 mHz. Significant corrections on the resistance and the reactance were obtained from the calibration, particularly at frequencies above 100 Hz. Equivalent circuit parameters were extracted from the EIS spectra and the pulse response and investigated with respect to the cycle number and state‐of‐charge (SoC). Fit parameters were robustly extracted includingRsol,Rct, andLfrom EIS, andR0,τ1andτ2from time‐domain pulsing. The ohmic resistance decreased over the cycling number indicating an enhanced wetting of the electrodes. Charge transfer resistanceRctshowed a monotonic increase over the cycles related to cell ageing. From the charge and discharge pulses, the ohmic resistanceR0was determined from the instantaneous voltage step of the recovery pulse, while the two time constantsτ1andτ2correspond to the slower exponential recovery phase.R0from the time‐domain showed a similar trend asRsolplus a contribution ofRctfrom EIS. Overall, we show that calibrated EIS and time‐domain pulsing are efficient methods to gain insights into the electrochemical processes related to different SoCs and the cycling ageing of battery modules and packs.
Pyrolysis of Schiff‐Base Manganese Clusters: Effect of Ligand Modulation on the Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Li Jianing , Zhao Kai , Li Tian , Shi Yuxin , Li Yuebin , Peng Xu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLigand modulation on metal organic clusters endow them with different physical and chemical properties, while how ligand modulation further affects the electrochemical behavior of pyrolytic derivatives is still unclear. Herein, we constructed two trinuclear manganese clusters 1‐Mn3 [Mn3L12(Cl)2] [L1=N1,N3‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene) diethylenetriamine] and 2‐Mn3 [Mn3L22(C7H4O2)2] [L2=N1,N3‐bis(3‐salicylidene) diethylenetriamine] based on nitrogen‐rich Schiff‐base pentadentate ligands. The introduction of TG‐MS (thermogravimetry associated with mass spectroscopy) explores the difference and universality of the pyrolysis mechanism of two trinuclear manganese clusters, and divides the pyrolysis process into three Areas (Area I/II/III) according to temperature. Combined with other characterization techniques, the materials in these three areas were analyzed to explain the effect of ligand modification on the electrochemical properties of cluster pyrolysis derivatives. It is found that the Area III derivatives have the best capacitance performance, when the current density is 1 A g−1, the specific capacitance of 1‐900 is 1717 F g−1, and 2‐900 is 350 F g−1. By comparison of the phase evolution process and electrochemical performance of the two manganese clusters, it is proposed that the crumbling of the molecular structure and stacking mode of trinuclear manganese clusters during pyrolysis will affect the capacitive properties of the derivatives. This work provides a guidance for the differences of the properties of pyrolytic derivatives under ligand modulation.
Experiences of ageing in place in Australia and New Zealand: A scoping review
Authors: Rose Katie , Kozlowski Desirée , Horstmanshof Louise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to inform a deeper understanding of the varied experiences of ageing in place for older adults in Australia and New Zealand. Ageing in place involves older adults remaining in their own home or community as they age rather than moving into residential care. Our focus was on how ageing in place relates to older adults' mental health, life satisfaction, wellbeing, and overall ability to adapt well to ageing. This paper followed PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Of the initial 210 papers identified, 20 met inclusion criteria and were retained. Four key themes related to experiences of ageing in place and the skills and strategies utilised to age in place were extracted from these studies. Themes encompassed older adults' individual characteristics and strategies, their connections to community, their home environment, and the appropriateness of support and services. We conclude that ageing in place should not be considered a “one size fits all” approach to ageing. Policymakers, researchers, and governments should acknowledge that older adults are a diverse group. Future ageing policy should strive to accommodate all older adults regardless of their circumstances or ageing preferences and researchers should include older adults from diverse populations and circumstances. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Working memory function in patients with major depression disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Chen Lijie , Wang Qi , Xu Tianchao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWorking memory (WM) deficits are recognized as serious cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This review aims to clarify the effects of impaired WM function in patients with MDD and explore non‐invasive and effective treatments that can be adopted in clinical practice. This review (1) synthesizes extant literature examining brain function and brain areas in terms of WM in individuals with depression, (2) utilizes the outcomes of the studies presented in this review to discuss the effects of impaired WM function on cognitive processing in individuals with depression, (3) integrates the treatments explored in current studies and (4) provides some suggestions for future research. We found that (1) central executive (CE) components affect the processing of WM, and this might be one of the factors influencing cognitive biases, as it is implicated in repetitive negative thinking and rumination; (2) the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the regions of the default mode network (DMN) play a vital role in CE functioning; and (3) psychotherapy, cognitive training, exercise and physical therapy can be used as complementary treatments for MDD.
Carry‐over effects of weather and decision‐making on nest success of a migratory shorebird
Authors: Clements Sarah J. , Loghry Jason P. , Ballard Bart M. , Weegman Mitch D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWeather conditions experienced by birds can influence their migration decision‐making and strategy both within and across seasons. Additionally, decision‐making during migration may influence subsequent fitness (reproductive success and/or survival). Examining the effects of fine‐scale weather variables on individuals throughout the year could help identify stages of the annual cycle when species may be most affected by weather. In this study, we captured 24 black‐bellied plovers (gray plovers; Pluvialis squatarola) on nonbreeding areas along the western Gulf of Mexico coast and tracked their locations once every 2 h through their breeding season in the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic. We quantified migration strategies and weather conditions experienced by each individual throughout the nonbreeding, northward migration, and breeding seasons. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model which connected regressions linking weather with migration metrics, and migration metrics and breeding season weather with reproductive success. We found strong negative relationships between two migration metrics (migration duration and number of stopovers) and reproductive success, but no substantial relationships between breeding season weather variables and reproductive success. We found negative relationships between nonbreeding season temperature, migration temperature, and migration NDVI and both migration duration and number of stopovers, in addition to positive relationships between the number of stopovers and storms during migration, migration duration, and nonbreeding season precipitation. These results suggest that reproductive success is influenced by weather throughout the annual cycle and migration strategy is a key mechanism through which these effects operate. Our findings suggest that environmental factors throughout the year influence shorebird fitness, and, because black‐bellied plovers are often associated with mixed‐species flocks, many species likely experience similar constraints.
Host‐specific soil microbes contribute to habitat restriction of closely related oaks (Quercusspp.)
Authors: Wu Yingtong , Brown Alicia , Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHabitat divergence among close relatives is a common phenomenon. Studying the mechanisms behind habitat divergence is fundamental to understanding niche partitioning, species diversification, and other evolutionary processes. Recent studies found that soil microbes regulate the abundance and diversity of plant species. However, it remains unclear whether soil microbes can affect the habitat distributions of plants and drive habitat divergence. To fill in this knowledge gap, we investigated whether soil microbes might restrict habitat distributions of closely related oaks (Quercusspp.) in eastern North America. We performed a soil inoculum experiment using two pairs of sister species (i.e., the most closely related species) that show habitat divergence:Quercus alba(local species) vs.Q. michauxii(foreign), andQ. shumardii(local) vs.Q. acerifolia(foreign). To test whether host‐specific soil microbes are responsible for habitat restriction, we investigated the impact of local sister live soil (containing soil microbes associated with local sister species) on the survival and growth of local and foreign species. Second, to test whether habitat‐specific soil microbes are responsible for habitat restriction, we examined the effect of local habitat live soil (containing soil microbes within local sister's habitats, but not directly associated with local sister species) on the seedlings of local and foreign species. We found that local sister live soil decreased the survival and biomass of foreign species' seedlings while increasing those of local species, suggesting that host‐specific soil microbes could potentially mediate habitat exclusion. In contrast, local habitat live soil did not differentially affect the survival or biomass of the local vs. foreign species. Our study indicates that soil microbes associated with one sister species can suppress the recruitment of the other host species, contributing to the habitat partitioning of close relatives. Considering the complex interactions with soil microbes is essential for understanding the habitat distributions of closely related plants.
Physicochemical and control releasing properties of date pit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) phenolic compounds microencapsulated through fluidized‐bed method
Authors: Afshari Kasra , Javanmard Dakheli Majid , Ramezan Yousef , Bassiri Alireza , Ahmadi Chenarbon Hossein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of different ethanol/water solvents on phenolic compound extraction and microencapsulated extract of date pit powder. The highest and the lowest amounts of total phenolic compounds were 742.37 and 236.07 mg GAE/g dm, respectively, observed in water–ethanol composite solvent (25% W: 75% E) and water solvent (100% W). In this regard, the highest and lowest values of IC50 were 6.83 and 0.90 μg/ml, measured in water solvent (100% W) and water–ethanol solvent (25% W: 75% E), respectively. In the second phase, using maltodextrin (10%, 20%, and 30% W/V) as the first layer, date pit extract was microencapsulated. Alhagi maurorum gum (10%, 20%, and 30% W/V) as the second layer and medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT oil) (15% W/W) as the third layer were used by a fluidized‐bed drying technique. By increasing temperature, the microencapsulated extract powder solubility was increased as well. In contrast, the moisture content, bulk density, tapped density, and compressibility index decreased. By increasing temperature, the maltodextrin and A. maurorum gum concentration, the coating efficiency, and the loading capacity of the samples increased initially and decreased eventually. Moisture content, powder solubility, bulk density, and compressibility index increased, with increasing maltodextrin concentration, however, tapped density decreased. The optimal physicochemical properties of the phenolic compounds’ microcapsules were determined at 45°C and at a concentration of 20% of each of the maltodextrin and A. maurorum gum. According to scanning electron images, the powder particles were spherical and had a relatively smooth surface. Notably, the release rate of phenolic compounds reached its maximum (64%) after 24 h.