bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability of precipitation over the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas in the last 40 years
Authors: Lu Hou‐Liang , Li Fang‐Fang , Gong Tong‐Liang , Gao Yan‐Hong , Li Jian‐Feng , Wang Guang‐Qian , Qiu Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) plays a crucial role in regulating the climate and hydrology over Asia, and studies indicate that the QTP tends to be warm and humid as a whole. Although precipitation variability on the QTP has a great impact on floods, soil erosion, and droughts, it is poorly understood owing to sparse meteorological observations. This study has investigated the temporal variability of precipitation on the QTP and its surrounding areas on different time scales over the past 40 years using the standardized variability index (SVI) based on entropy as well as its changing trends. The results show that the variability of precipitation has different spatial patterns on different time scales. In general, the variability of both the precipitation days and amounts are low in the southeast and northwest corners of the plateau and high in the southwest and north. It was found that the number of light precipitation days in the high vegetation coverage area in the southeastern plateau decreased significantly, but increased greatly in the bare land and sparse vegetation coverage areas in the northern part of the plateau. Such changes are believed to be conducive for ecological restoration. Most importantly, in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, many light precipitation days have turned into moderate and heavy precipitation days, and a significant increase in annual precipitation has also been noted, which are likely to cause natural disasters considering the local topographical conditions, such as landslides and mudslides.Highlights
In QTP, SVIME in May is closer to summer mode, indicating monsoon beginning have advanced to May.
Extreme precipitation significantly influences precipitation variability.
Daily SVIAE decreases in grassland/barren/sparsely vegetated land, good for ecology.
Light rain days increased in bare land/sparse vegetation areas, benefiting vegetation restoration.
In southern Himalayas, light rain changed to moderate/heavy rain, leading to natural disasters.
Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness
Authors: Dresen Ellen , Pimiento Jose M. , Patel Jayshil J. , Heyland Daren K. , Rice Todd W. , Stoppe Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress represent physiological response mechanisms to different types of stimuli and injury during critical illness. Its proper regulation is fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to outcomes and recovery from critical illness. A proper maintenance of the delicate balance between inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response is crucial for resolution from critical illness with important implications for patient outcome. The extent of inflammation and oxidative stress under normal conditions is limited by the antioxidant defense system of the human body, whereas the antioxidant capacity is commonly significantly compromised, and serum levels of micronutrients and vitamins significantly depleted in patients who are critically ill. Hence, the provision of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory nutrients may help to reduce the extent of oxidative stress and therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients who are critically ill. As existing evidence of the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in patients who are critically ill is still unclear, actual findings about the most promising anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative candidates selenium, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D will be discussed in this narrative review. The existing evidence provided so far demonstrates that several factors need to be considered to determine the efficacy of an antioxidant supplementation strategy in patients who are critically ill and indicates the need for adequately designed multicenter prospective randomized control trials to evaluate the clinical significance of different types and doses of micronutrients and vitamins in selected groups of patients with different types of critical illness.
Food security and food access during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Impacts, adaptations, and looking ahead
Authors: Otten Jennifer J. , Averill Michelle M. , Spiker Marie L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to alter US household food consumption and food spending. Although terminology used to describe food insecurity has varied during the COVID‐19 pandemic, many reliable estimates illustrate a dramatic increase in food insecurity from approximately 10% of US households before the pandemic to 25%–30% of households during the pandemic, with an even higher prevalence reported by more vulnerable and socially disadvantaged populations. To address the increase in food and economic insecurity, food and nutrition assistance policies and programs made innovative and temporary changes, and enrollment in these programs generally increased. However, some changes to food, nutrition, and income assistance programs are now expiring or contracting even as food insecurity prevalence is again on the rise and elevated food and nutrition assistance needs are expected to persist based on historical patterns. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) practitioners can play an important role in identifying clients at elevated risk of food insecurity–related acute and chronic conditions and connecting high‐risk clients to resources. ASPEN practitioners can contribute to the evidence base linking food insecurity and nutrition outcomes. ASPEN practitioners can also advocate for addressing the root social and structural determinants of food insecurity and for the continuation of effective food and nutrition policy changes and innovations.
Lateglacial and Early Holocene palaeoenvironmental change and human activity at Killerby Quarry, North Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Hudson Samuel M , Waddington Clive , Pears Ben , Ellis Natalie , Parker Luke , Hamilton Derek , Alsos Inger Greve , Hughes Paul , Brown Antony 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe hunter‐gatherers that entered the British peninsula after ice‐retreat were exploiting a dynamic, rapidly changing environment. Records of vegetation change and human occupation during the Lateglacial to Early Holocene in northern Britain are more commonly found at upland and cave sites. However, recent research highlights many areas of the Swale–Ure Washlands that preserve extensive environmental sequences in low‐lying ice‐wastage basins, channels and depressions. The Lateglacial–Early Holocene environment of Killerby Quarry, North Yorkshire, is investigated here using a multi‐proxy approach of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen, sedimentological (geochemistry and portable optically stimulated luminescence), and rare and well‐preserved archaeology (Lavvu structures and lithics). Results show that the wetland basins and kettleholes were small lakes or ponds in the Lateglacial surrounded by sedge‐fen and birch woodland. A gradual (centennial scale) succession to reed‐swamp and then marsh is seen by the Early Holocene. This environment formed the resource‐scape for hunter‐gatherer transitory settlement in both the Lateglacial (Late Upper Palaeolithic) and Holocene (Early Mesolithic), attracted by the rich communities of pond‐related flora and fauna as well as easy strategic landscape access by way of the River Swale, an arterial route through the landscape connecting the North Sea Basin with the Pennine uplands via the palaeolakes around Killerby.
Construction of transglutaminase covalently cross‐linked hydrogel and high internal phase emulsion gel from pea protein modified by high‐intensity ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yihui , Liu Qing , Yang Yueyue , Zhang Ruixin , Jiao Aiquan , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe poor gelling and emulsification properties of pea protein (PeaP) limit its application in gel‐based products. In this study, a strong hydrogel and a high internal phase emulsion (HPLE) gel of PeaP were constructed by covalent cross‐linking of transglutaminase (TGase) assisted by high‐intensity ultrasound.RESULTSUltrasound promoted the catalytic efficiency of TGase, with the gel‐point temperature dropping from 44 °C to 28 °C after 10 min of ultrasound. As the ultrasound time increased from 1 min to 10 min, the microstructure of the hydrogel also changed from an irregular macropore structure to a relatively homogeneous honeycomb structure. This was accompanied by an improvement in gel strength, water holding capacity, and ultimate stress. Ultrasound enhanced the binding of water to PeaP, but had little effect on the water‐locking ability of the network structure. Ultrasonication improved the self‐supporting ability of the HPIE gels. The oil droplets within the HPIE gels were closely aligned to form a hexagonal structure. The PeaP layer was further cross‐linked by TGase, strengthening the network structure. High internal phase emulsion gel displayed a higher gel strength, viscosity, and good self‐healing ability under 1 min ultrasound. Meanwhile, HPIE gel at 1 min of ultrasound could be printed with the highest clarity.CONCLUSIONThis work provided some insights into improving the functional properties of PeaP, which is helpful for the design and development of PeaP‐based gel products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
H‐Scan Ultrasound Monitoring of Breast Cancer Response to Chemotherapy and Validation With Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tai Haowei , Margolis Ryan , Li Junjie , Hoyt Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesH‐scan ultrasound (US) imaging is a novel tissue characterization technique to detect apoptosis‐induced changes in cancer cells after the initiation of effective drug treatment. The objective of the proposed research was to assess the sensitivity of 3‐dimensional (3D) H‐scan US technique for monitoring the response of breast cancer‐bearing animals to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and correlate results to diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) measurements of programmed cancer cell death.MethodsExperimental studies used female mice (N = 18) implanted with human breast cancer cells. Animals underwent H‐scan US and DW‐MRI imaging on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10. After imaging at day 0, breast tumor‐bearing nude mice were treated biweekly with an apoptosis‐inducing drug. Texture analysis of H‐scan US images explored spatial relationships between local US scattering. At day 10, H‐scan measurements were compared with DW‐MRI‐derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and histological findings.ResultsH‐scan US imaging of low and high dose cisplatin‐treated cancer‐bearing animals revealed changes in image intensity suggesting a progressive decrease in aggregate US scatterer size that was not observed in control animals. Longitudinal trends discovered in H‐scan US result matched with texture analysis and DW‐MRI (P < .01). Further, analysis of the H‐scan US image intensity and corresponding DW‐MRI‐derived ADC values revealed a strong linear correlation (R2 = .93, P < .001). These changes were due to cancer cell apoptotic activity and consider as early detectable biomarker during treatment.ConclusionsThe 3D H‐scan technique holds promise for assisting clinicians in monitoring the early response of breast cancer tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adding value to traditional diagnostic ultrasound examinations.
Low‐fluence treatment with a novel fractionated 2,910‐nm fiber laser improves photodamage
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Sanzo James F. , Wang Jennifer Y. , Cotsarelis Samuel M. , DiLeonardo Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFacial rejuvenation by lasers that target water has been a mainstay of esthetic laser treatments for decades. Modern lasers more commonly treat a fraction of the skin surface using ablative, semi‐ablative, or nonablative pulses.MethodsTwenty subjects with visible evidence of chronic photoaging on the face were enrolled in this study. All subjects received two full‐face, single‐pass treatments spaced 2 months apart with the superficial mode of a 2910 nm fiber laser with an estimated penetration depth of 10 μm, 25% coverage, delivered in a 15 mm × 15 mm square microbeam pattern. A blinded comparison of pretreatment and 3‐month post‐treatment images was performed. Evaluation of biopsy samples for laser‐tissue effects was performed on three separate subjects and biopsies were harvested 1‐day post‐treatment, 1‐week post‐treatment, and 2‐weeks post‐treatment.ResultsBlinded evaluation of digital images revealed an average improvement score of 25.1 ± 14.5 (mean ± SEM) or 25.1%, using an 11‐point scale evaluating overall improvement in photoaging (p < 0.001). Post‐treatment effects were limited to mild‐to‐moderate erythema and edema, and the pain was rated a 1.9 out of a maximum of 10. Histology demonstrated superficial changes in the stratum corneum and epidermis with dermal inflammation present at 1‐day post‐treatment and 1‐week post‐treatment, with a return to baseline at 2 weeks.ConclusionsThe 2910 nm fiber laser is safe and effective for improving mild photodamage, with minimal discomfort and downtime. Dermal inflammation results from very superficial epidermal injury and may contribute to clinical improvement.
The transcription factors Junb and Fosl2 cooperate to regulate Cdh3 expression in 15P‐1 Sertoli cells
Authors: Nguyen Ha T. , Martin Luc J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Sertoli cells of the testis, cadherins (Cdh) are important cell‐to‐cell interaction proteins and contribute to the formation of the blood‐testis barrier being essential for germ cells' protection. P‐cadherin or Cdh3 is only expressed in Sertoli cells from embryonic to prepubertal development. Interestingly, the expression profile of Cdh3 correlates with that of activating protein‐1 (AP‐1) transcription factors during Sertoli cells development. To assess their potential implications in the regulation of Cdh3, different AP‐1 transcription factors were overexpressed in 15P‐1 Sertoli cells. We found that the overexpressions of Junb and Fosl2 activated Cdh3 promoter. ChIP‐qPCR assay and luciferase reporter assay with 5′ promoter deletions and site‐directed mutagenesis confirmed the recruitment of Junb and Fosl2 to an AP‐1 regulatory element at ‐47 bp in the proximal region of Cdh3 promoter in 15P‐1 cells. These findings were further supported by histone modification markers and chromatin accessibility surrounding Cdh3 promoter in mouse testis. Moreover, the knockdowns of Junb and/or Fosl2 by siRNA decreased Cdh3 protein levels. Taken together, these data suggest that in 15P‐1 Sertoli cells, the AP‐1 family members Junb and Fosl2 are responsible for the regulation of Cdh3 expression, which requires the recruitment of both factors to the proximal region of the Cdh3 promoter.
Making the UN Ocean Decade work? The potential for, and challenges of, transdisciplinary research and real‐world laboratories for building towards ocean solutions
Authors: Franke Andrea , Peters Kimberley , Hinkel Jochen , Hornidge Anna‐Katharina , Schlüter Achim , Zielinski Oliver , Wiltshire Karen H. , Jacob Ute , Krause Gesche , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Due to the strong interconnectedness between the ocean and our societies worldwide, improved ocean governance is essential for sustainable development in the context of the UN Ocean Decade. However, a multitude of different perspectives—ecological, societal, political, economic—and relations between these have to be understood and taken into consideration to foster transformative pathways towards marine sustainability.

A core challenge that we are facing is that the ‘right’ response to complex societal issues cannot be known beforehand as abilities to predict complex systems are limited. Consequently, societal transformation is necessarily a journey towards the unknown and therefore requires experimental approaches that must enable the involvement of everyone with stakes in the future of our marine environment and its resources.

A promising transdisciplinary research method that fulfils both criteria—being participatory and experimental—are real‐world laboratories. Here, we discuss how real‐world labs can serve as an operational framework in the context of the Ocean Decade by facilitating and guiding successful knowledge exchange at the interface of science and society. The core element of real‐world labs is transdisciplinary experimentation to jointly develop potential strategies leading to targeted real‐world interventions, essential for achieving the proposed ‘Decade Outcomes’.

The authors specifically illustrate how deploying the concept of real‐world labs can be advantageous when having to deal with multiple, overlapping challenges in the context of ocean governance and the blue economy.

Altogether, we offer a first major contribution to synthesizing knowledge on the potentials of marine real‐world labs, considering how they act as a way of exploring options for sustainable ocean futures. Indeed, in the marine context, real‐world labs are still under‐explored but are a tangible way for addressing the societal challenges of working towards sustainability transformations over the coming UN Ocean Decade and beyond.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Haemodiafiltration as a treatment option in refractory life‐threatening diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Agha Adnan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Fulminant diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with a pH of <6.9 can be refractory to DKA management protocols and there is no consensus/evidence to suggest intravenous bicarbonate use. Here we attempt to describe a case of fulminant DKA without renal failure where haemofiltration was done for severe metabolic acidosis with excellent results.Case history: A 23‐year‐old female presented to the emergency department via ambulance after out‐of‐hospital arrest and returned to spontaneous circulation after resuscitation. She was found to be in severe DKA with pH of 6.752, HCO3 of 1.3mmol/L, lactate 3.1mmol/L and creatinine 133μmol/L; and despite maximal DKA treatment with maximum insulin infusion titration, at 15 units per hour and 5 litres of IV fluid, remained in severe metabolic acidosis with pH 6.772. After discussion with critical care and endocrine colleagues regarding options of using intravenous bicarbonate therapy versus haemofiltration, she was put on haemofiltration which resolved the metabolic acidosis completely within 12 hours.Discussion: Our patient with severe refractory DKA responded to haemofiltration with resolution of severe metabolic acidosis; we feel that haemofiltration in these situations may be considered as an option to correct persistent metabolic acidosis in refractory fulminant DKA. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Effect of degree of neutralization of sodium‐based ionomers on hot‐tack properties
Authors: Sehata Tatsuya , Yoshiura Takuto , Koda Tomonori , Yano Hiroko , Isokawa Motoaki , Nishioka Akihiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hot‐tack properties of ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymers neutralized with sodium (Na) cations to produce ionomers were investigated. Specimens with neutralization degrees of 20%, 54%, and 70% were examined. After testing at low sealing temperatures (<130°C), the highest hot‐tack strength was obtained from a specimen with a neutralization degree of 20%. In contrast, at high sealing temperatures (>140°C), the hot‐tack strength increased with an increasing degree of neutralization. Observations of the surfaces of samples tested at low sealing temperatures after hot‐tack tests showed that specimens having a neutralization degree of 20% exhibited cohesive breakdown while the 54% and 70% specimens underwent interfacial delamination. The effect of sealing temperature on hot‐tack strength was determined by assessing the rheological properties of molten ionomers. The results suggested that, when testing at low sealing temperatures, a low melt viscosity provided high hot‐tack strength by allowing flow diffusivity of the resin at the sealed interface. At high sealing temperatures, uniaxial elongational viscosity related to strain hardening contributed to the high hot‐tack strength of these Na‐based ionomers. The present study highlights the important effect of ionic aggregates on hot‐tack properties.
Does caudal analgesia improve pain control for pediatric burn surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Yao Phil Y. , Shaw Susanna J. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Soria Claire S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPediatric burns affect approximately 15–20 patients per 100 000 hospital admissions, but unfortunately there is a lack of evidence to guide optimal strategies for acute pain control. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether caudal analgesia with single injection of local anesthetics reduced pain medication consumption in pediatric patients who required surgical intervention for burn injuries. Retrospective data from patients <7 years old who had burn surgery in the operating rooms at a single regional burn center from 2013 to 2021 was obtained and analyzed. A 1:1 propensity‐score matching method using nearest neighbor matching without replacement was utilized to create matched cohorts. Primary outcome was opioid consumption, which is presented as opioid equivalents divided by patient weight in kilograms, at 24 h after surgery. Comparing propensity‐score matched groups, there were no statistically significant differences in adjusted morphine equivalents received by the caudal group (0.122 [0.0646;0.186]) and the no caudal group (0.0783 [0.0384;0.153]) at 24 h after surgery (p = 0.06). This is the first study to the best of our knowledge of the association of caudal analgesia in pediatric burn patients with postoperative pain control. The data showed an increase in pain medication consumption postoperative at 24 h and intraoperative for patients who received single injection caudal blocks, but when adjusted using propensity‐score matching, the difference was no longer statistically significant.
The Use of Capping Agents in the Stabilization and Functionalization of Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pedroso‐Santana Seidy , Fleitas‐Salazar Noralvis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of nanoparticles (NPs) and their application in different areas of research, including biomedicine, is attracting the attention of researchers worldwide. Numerous investigations published during the last 20 years cover the fabrication of new materials in the nanoscale, and several uses have been proposed. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have generated a high level of interest, based on improved optical, electrical and magnetic properties, ease of manufacturing, small sizes, and easy functionalization. However, when it comes to Biomedicine, particle aggregation, possible toxicity, and the need for effective cell internalization, still demand active investigation. The main strategy to overcome these drawbacks is possibly the use of capping agents to increase the stability of the particles in dispersion, their biocompatibility and functionalization. In this review, important concepts and characteristics of MNPs, are collected and described. The importance of surface coating for biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles as well as the most used capping agents and metallic nanomaterials, are also discussed. Finally, the text includes examples and essential characteristics for the biomedical use of MNPs, including the consideration of important challenges. Aspects such as relevant biological activity, increased biocompatibility and functionalization potential are among the most desirable attributes of a capping agent.