bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Timing of Mental Health Interventions for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Nanwa Natasha , Wong Vincent , Thompson Aaron M.S. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
To examine the impact of timing of mental health interventions in workers’ compensation claims for mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).

Methods
A 10-year matched retrospective cohort study of MTBI claims. Cases who started treatment within 3 months of the date of injury were hard matched to cases who started treatment more than 3 months after the date of injury. Outcomes were incremental cost difference and loss of earnings benefit duration 1 year after first intervention.

Results
Seventeen percent (17%) of patients received mental health interventions. The early mental health intervention group had lower mean costs (incremental difference$1580 [95% CI: $5718 to $2085]) and shorter durations of disability (off loss of earnings) (59.2% versus 46.6%, NS). Sensitivity and stratified analyses demonstrated the same trend.

Conclusions
Early mental health interventions for MTBI patients may lead to reduced health care costs and shorter durations of disability.
Impact of a Thought Process Coaching Offering on Habitual Patterns of Thinking and Behavior
Authors: Weaver Gracie Lee , Bibeau Daniel L. , Sherman Bruce W. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Individual's thought processes shape reactions to life circumstances, impacting motivation, well-being, and work performance. We examined the ability of a novel assessment and short-term coaching tool (Px-12) to favorably change thought processes.

Methods:
We used a convenience sample from 2013 to 2015 of 119 employees who completed the Px-12 before and after receiving personalized coaching to assess the effects of coaching on changes in thought process scores.

Results:
Significant favorable changes were observed in all 10 thought process scores. coaching produced significantly greater favorable changes than the thought processes for which coaching was not provided. There was no significant effect of time between coaching and follow-up assessment on attenuation of the observed improvements.

Conclusions:
While preliminary, these findings indicate that improving intrinsic thought processes may be a useful addition to health promotion and well-being offerings.
Distraction Lengthening of the Apert Thumb
Authors: Upton Joseph , McNamara Catherine T. , Ali Barkat , Nuzzi Laura C. , Taghinia Amir H. , Labow Brian I. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The thumbs of patients with Apert syndrome are characteristically short and radially deviated, contributing to functional hand impairment. The authors report a two-staged technique for distraction lengthening of the Apert thumb using a robust cohort of pediatric patients.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records of pediatric patients with Apert syndrome who underwent thumb distraction lengthening between 1999 and 2019. The technique was two-staged: (1) application of uniplanar distractor and phalangeal osteotomy, followed by (2) distractor removal, bone grafting, and fixation. Clinical records, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, and photographs were reviewed.

Results:
Twenty-two patients (41 thumbs) with Apert syndrome were identified and treated (mean age at initial distraction, 11.5 years). A mean distraction gap of 31.3 mm was achieved over a median time of 40.0 days. The mean healing index was 26.3 days per centimeter. The thumbnail complex was lengthened a median length of 3.0 mm. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years, with complications occurring in 36.4 percent (eight out of 22) of patients. A delayed bone union occurred in one patient, and rotational malunion occurred in one patient.

Conclusion:
Although long-term outcomes data are needed, thumb distraction lengthening following syndactyly release in patients with Apert syndrome is safe and should be considered to augment the overall appearance and functionality of the hand.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Treatment and Outcomes of Congenital Ovarian Cysts A Study by the Canadian Consortium for Research in Pediatric Surgery (CanCORPS)
Authors: Safa Nadia , Yanchar Natalie , Puligandla Pramod , Sewitch Maida , Baird Robert , Beaunoyer Mona , Campbell Niamh , Chadha Rati , Griffiths Christopher , Jones Sarah , Kaur Manvinder , Le-Nguyen Annie , Nasr Ahmed , Piché Nelson , Piper Hannah , Prasil Pascale , Romao Rodrigo L.P. , VanHouwelingen Lisa , Wales Paul , Guadagno Elena , Emil Sherif ,   for the Canadian Consortium for Research in Pediatric Surgery (CanCORPS)
Published: February 2022

Objective:
We conducted a multicenter study to assess treatments and outcomes in a national cohort of infants with congenital ovarian cysts.

Summary Background Data:
Wide variability exists in the treatment of congenital ovarian cysts. The effects of various treatment strategies on outcomes, specifically ovarian preservation, are not known.

Methods:
Female infants diagnosed with congenital intra-abdominal cysts between 2013 and 2017 at 10 Canadian pediatric surgical centers were retrospectively evaluated. Sonographic characteristics, median time to cyst resolution, incidence of ovarian preservation, and predictors of surgery were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients with complex cysts and cysts ≥40 mm in diameter.

Results:
The study population included 189 neonates. Median gestational age at diagnosis and median maximal prenatal cyst diameter were 33 weeks and 40 mm, respectively. Cysts resolved spontaneously in 117 patients (62%), 14 (7%) prenatally, and the remainder at a median age of 124 days. Intervention occurred in 61 patients (32%), including prenatal aspiration (2, 3%), ovary sparing resection (14, 23%), or oophorectomy (45, 74%). Surgery occurred at a median age of 7.4weeks. Independent predictors of surgery included postnatal cyst diameter ≥40 mm [odds ratio (OR) 6.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–35.9] and sonographic complex cyst character (OR 63.6, 95% CI 10.9–1232). There was no significant difference in the odds of ovarian preservation (OR 3.06, 95% CI 0.86 –13.2) between patients who underwent early surgery (n = 22) and those initially observed for at least 3 months (n = 131).

Conclusions:
Most congenital ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and spontaneously resolve. Early surgical intervention does not increase ovarian preservation.
Validation of the IASLC Residual Tumor Classification in Patients With Stage III-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed By Surgery
Authors: Lee Junghee , Lee Jin , Hong Yun Soo , Lee Genehee , Kang Danbee , Yun Jeonghee , Jeon Yeong Jeong , Shin Sumin , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Yong Soo , Kim Jhingook , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog , Guallar Eliseo , Cho Juhee , Kim Hong Kwan 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to validate the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) residual tumor classification in patients with stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) followed by surgery.

Background:
As adequate nodal assessment is crucial for determining prognosis in patients with clinical N2 NSCLC undergoing nCCRT followed by surgery, the new classification may have better prognostic implications.

Methods:
Using a registry for thoracic cancer surgery at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, between 2003 and 2019, we analyzed 910 patients with stage III-N2 NSCLC who underwent nCCRT followed by surgery. We classified resections using IASLC criteria: complete (R0), uncertain (R[un]), and incomplete resection (R1/R2). Recurrence and mortality were compared using adjusted subdistribution hazard model and Cox-proportional hazards model, respectively.

Results:
Of the 96.3% (n = 876) patients who were R0 by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) criteria, 34.5% (n = 3O2) remained R0 by IASLC criteria and 37.6% (n = 329) and 28% (n = 245) migrated to R(un) and R1, respectively. Most of the migration from UICC-R0 to lASLC-R(un) and IASLC-R1/R2 occurred due to inadequate nodal assessment (85.5%) and extracapsular nodal extension (77.6%), respectively. Compared to R0, the adjusted hazard ratios in R(un) and R1/R2 were 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.52), 1.50 (1.17–1.52) (P fortrend = .001) for recurrence and 1.18 (0.93–1.51) and 1.51 (1.17–1.96) for death (P for trend = .002).

Conclusions:
The IASLC R classification has prognostic relevance in patients with stage III-N2 NSCLC undergoing nCCRT followed by surgery. The IASLC classification will improve the thoroughness of intraoperative nodal assessment and the completeness of resection.
Lessons learned and functional outcomes following multifaceted team training in a cognitive strategy-based approach to stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Rios Jorge , Linkewich Elizabeth , Allen Kay-Ann , Egan Mary , Dawson Deirdre R. , Godleski Matthew , Hunt Anne , Jutzi Katelyn , Quant Sylvia , McEwen Sara E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To estimate the impact of a multifaceted knowledge translation intervention on patient rehabilitation outcomes in an inpatient stroke setting.

Methods:
Interprofessional stroke rehabilitation teams were trained in Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance as part of the larger knowledge translation study. This study describes a two group (historical control vs. post knowledge translation intervention) nonrandomized study. Patient participants with stroke and cognitive impairment were recruited from five rehabilitation hospitals and completed an assessment battery upon admission to and discharge from rehabilitation and at three follow-up times. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA.

Results:
Seventeen historical controls and eight postintervention participants were recruited. The effect for time was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the majority of outcomes, but there were no significant group × time effects. Small effect sizes for the group × time interaction were noted on several indicators.

Conclusion:
Few studies report on patient outcomes following a knowledge translation intervention. Small effect sizes were detected on several patient outcomes, despite study limitations. Lessons learned for future patient-level studies within knowledge translation interventions include the importance of monitoring therapist adherence to implementation protocols and ensuring research designs consider the impact on patient recruitment and retention.
Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting
Authors: Fofana Mariam O. , Nery Nivison , Aguilar Ticona Juan P. , Belitardo Emilia M.M.A. , Victoriano Renato , Anjos Rôsangela O. , Portilho Moyra M. , de Santana Mayara C. , dos Santos Laiara L. , de Oliveira Daiana , Cruz Jaqueline S. , Muencker M. Cate , Khouri Ricardo , Wunder Elsio A. , Hitchings Matthew D.T. , Johnson Olatunji , Reis Mitermayer G. , Ribeiro Guilherme S. , Cummings Derek A.T. , Costa Federico , Ko Albert I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities.Methods and findingsWe performed a serosurvey of an established cohort of 2,035 urban slum residents from the city of Salvador, Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021, following the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the country. We identified high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (46.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 44.3-48.6%), particularly among female residents (48.7% [95% CI 45.9-51.6%] vs. 43.2% [95% CI 39.8-46.6%] among male residents), and among children (56.5% [95% CI 52.3-60.5%] vs. 42.4% [95% CI 39.9-45.0%] among adults). In multivariable models that accounted for household-level clustering, the odds ratio for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children was 1.96 (95% CI 1.42-2.72) compared to adults aged 30-44 years. Adults residing in households with children were more likely to be seropositive; this effect was particularly prominent among individuals with age 30-44 and 60 years or more. Women living below the poverty threshold (daily per capita household income <$1.25) and those who were unemployed were more likely to be seropositive.ConclusionsDuring a single wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, cumulative incidence as assessed by serology approached 50% in a Brazilian urban slum population. In contrast to observations from industrialized countries, SARS-CoV-2 incidence was highest among children, as well as women living in extreme poverty. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that provide safe environments for children and mitigate the structural risks posed by crowding and poverty for the most vulnerable residents of urban slum communities.
Combined oropharyngeal/nares and nasopharyngeal swab sampling remain effective for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Patriquin Glenn , LeBlanc Jason J. , Gillis Holly A. , McCracken Gregory R. , Pettipas Janice J. , Hatchette Todd F. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe world has experienced several waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) throughout the COVID-19 pandemic since the first cases in December 2019. The Omicron VoC has increased transmission, compared to its predecessors, and can present with sore throat and other cold-like symptoms. Given the predominance of throat symptoms, and previous work demonstrating better sensitivity using antigen-based rapid detection tests when a throat swab is included in the standard nasal sampling, this quality improvement project sought to ensure ongoing suitability of both combined oropharyngeal/nares (OPN) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab sampling used throughout the pandemic. Consenting participants meeting Public Health testing criteria (mostly symptomatic or a close contact of a known case) were enrolled, and paired NP and OPN swabs collections were subjected to nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Comparing paired specimens from 392 participants sensitivity of NP swabs was 89.1% (95% CI, 78.8-94.9), and that of OPN was 98.4% (95% CI: 90.9->99.9) (p-value 0.052). This project demonstrated that both NP and combined OPN swabs detected the Omicron variant with similar sensitivity by NAAT, supporting the continued use of either swab collection for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection.
Prognosis-related molecular subtypes and immune features associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ye Jiazhou , Lin Yan , Gao Xing , Lu Lu , Huang Xi , Huang Shilin , Bai Tao , Wu Guobin , Li Yongqiang , Luo Xiaoling , Liang Rong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBioinformatics tools were used to identify prognosis-related molecular subtypes and biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Differential expression analysis of four datasets (TCGA, GSE76427, GSE25097, and GSE14520) identified 3,330 genes differentially expressed in the same direction in all four datasets; those genes were involved in the cell cycle, FOXO signaling pathway, as well as complement and coagulation cascades. Based on non-negative matrix decomposition, two molecular subtypes of HCC with different prognosis were identified, with subtype C2 showing better overall survival than subtype C1. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 217 of the overlapping DEGs were closely associated with HCC prognosis. The subset of those genes showing an area under the curve > 0.80 was used to construct random survival forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models, which identified seven feature genes (SORBS2, DHRS1, SLC16A2, RCL1, IGFALS, GNA14, and FANCI) that may be involved in HCC occurrence and prognosis. Based on the feature genes, risk score and recurrence models were constructed, while a univariate Cox model identified FANCI as a key gene involved mainly in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and mismatch repair. Further analysis showed that FANCI had two mutation sites and that its gene may undergo methylation. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis showed that Th2 and T helper cells are significantly upregulated in HCC patients compared to controls. Our results identify FANCI as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Uncertainties of cell number estimation in cyanobacterial colonies and the potential use of sphere packing
Authors: T-Krasznai Enikő , Lerf Verona , Tóth István , Kisantal Tibor , Várbíró Gábor , Vasas Gábor , B-Béres Viktória , Görgényi Judit , Lukács Áron , Kókai Zsuzsanna , Borics Gábor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria are notorious bloom formers causing various water quality concerns, such as toxin production, extreme diurnal variation of oxygen, or pH, etc., therefore, their monitoring is essential to protect the ecological status of aquatic systems. Cyanobacterial cell counts and biovolumes are currently being used in water management and water quality alert systems. In this study, we investigated the accuracy of colonial biovolume and cell count estimation approaches used in the everyday practice. Using real like 3-dimensional images of cyanobacterial colonies, we demonstrated that their shape cannot be approximated by ellipsoids. We also showed that despite the significant relationship between overall colony volume and cell biovolumes because of the considerable scatter of cell count data the regressions give biased estimates for cyanobacterial cell counts. We proposed a novel approach to estimate cell counts in colonies that was based on the random close sphere packing method. This method provided good results only in those cases when overall colony volumes could be accurately measured. The visual investigation of colonies done by skilled experts has given precise but lower estimates for cell counts. Estimation results of several experts were surprisingly good which suggest that this capability can be improved, and estimation bias can be reduced to the level acceptable for water quality estimations.HighlightsCyanobacterial colony – cell biovolume relationships provide biased estimates for cellbiovolumes.Sphere packing approach provides good cellcount estimates if colony volumes are accurately measured.Considering cyanobacterial colonies as ellipsoids gives inaccurate volume estimates.Skilled experts slightly underestimate the cellcounts but dispersion of their estimates is low.
Omicron Spike protein has a positive electrostatic surface that promotes ACE2 recognition and antibody escape
Authors: Gan Hin Hark , Zinno John , Piano Fabio , Gunsalus Kristin C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh transmissibility is a hallmark of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the molecular determinants of Omicron’s transmissibility will impact development of intervention strategies. Here we map the electrostatic potential surface of the Spike protein to show that major SARS-CoV-2 variants have accumulated positive charges in solvent-exposed regions of the Spike protein, especially its ACE2-binding interface. Significantly, the Omicron Spike-ACE2 complex has complementary electrostatic surfaces. In contrast, interfaces between Omicron and neutralizing antibodies tend to have similar positively charged surfaces. Structural modeling demonstrates that the electrostatic property of Omicron’s Spike receptor binding domain (S RBD) plays a role in enhancing ACE2 recognition and destabilizing Spike-antibody complexes. Collectively, our structural analysis implies that Omicron S RBD interaction interfaces have been optimized to simultaneously promote access to human ACE2 receptors and evade antibodies. These findings suggest that electrostatic interactions are a major contributing factor for increased Omicron transmissibility relative to other variants.
RABL2 Regulates Ciliation via Controlling IFT-B1 Basal Body Recruitment and ARL3-mediated BBSome Ciliary Retrieval
Authors: Zhang Rui-Kai , Liu Yan-Xia , Sun Wei-Yue , Bao Dong-Xue , Jia Rui-Qin , Zhang Chan , Fan Zhen-Chuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHighly conserved intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains and certain small GTPases coordinate to direct ciliation and to maintain the ciliary dynamics of signaling molecules via the IFT cargo adaptor BBSome. Unlike murine Rab-like 2 (RABL2) GTPase that enters cilia to drive outward transition zone (TZ) passage of the BBSome, human orthologue fails to enter cilia but resides at the ciliary base, indispensable for ciliation. However, mechanisms underlying how RABL2 regulates ciliation and BBSome barrier passage remain elusive. Here, we show thatChlamydomonasRABL2 regulates basal body targeting of the IFT-B1 subcomplex component of IFT trains as a RABL2-specific effector, mediating ciliation via controlling IFT-B1 basal body amount available for assembling anterograde IFT trains. RABL2GTPbinds IFT-B1 to perform IFT; sheds from retrograde IFT trains at the proximal ciliary region right above the TZ; and converts to RABL2GDPrapidly. Next, RABL2GDPactivates the ciliary membrane anchored Arf-like 3 (ARL3) GTPase (ARL3GDP) as a ARL3-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Upon detaching from the ciliary membrane, the active ARL3GTPrecruits its BBSome effector, autonomous of retrograde IFT train association, to move cross the TZ for ciliary retrieval. This ensures proper BBSome ciliary turnover for maintaining phototactic response ofChlamydomonascells. For finishing RABL2 ciliary cycle, RABL2GDPpasses the TZ for ciliary retrieval by loading onto the ARL3GTP/BBSome as a BBSome cargo. Our data thus propose that RABL2 mediates ciliation and BBSome ciliary retrieval simultaneously but via distinct molecular pathways.Significance statementIntraflagellar transport (IFT) and its cargo adaptor BBSome are indispensable for ciliation and ciliary singling. Rab-like 2 (RABL2) GTPase mediates ciliation and outward transition zone (TZ) passage of BBSomes with mechanisms yet to be determined. Here, we report that RABL2 decides ciliation by controlling the basal body amount of its effector IFT-B1 available for the assembly of anterograde IFT trains. RABL2GTPcycles through cilia as an IFT-B1 cargo; sheds from IFT at the ciliary base; and undergoes nucleotide exchange for activating ARL3 as an ARL3-specfic guanine nucleotide exchange factor. ARLGTPrecruits IFT-shed BBSomes to pass the TZ for ciliary retrieval. RABL2GDPexists cilia via ARL3GTP/BBSome as a BBSome cargo. Therefore, RABL2 functions both outside and inside cilia for initiating IFT and BBSome ciliary retrieval, respectively.
A screen of drug-like molecules identifies chemically diverse electron transport chain inhibitors in apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Hayward Jenni A. , Makota F. Victor , Cihalova Daniela , Rajendran Esther , Zwahlen Soraya M. , Shuttleworth Laura , Wiedemann Ursula , Spry Christina , Saliba Kevin J. , Maier Alexander G. , van Dooren Giel G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the advent of resistance to existing treatments, new drugs are needed to combat apicomplexan parasites such as the causative agents of malaria (Plasmodium species) and toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii). To identify new inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in these parasites, we developed a Seahorse XFe96 flux analyzer approach to screen compounds from the Medicines for Malaria Venture ‘Pathogen Box’ for ETC inhibition. We identified six chemically diverse, on-target inhibitors of the ETC of T. gondii, five of which also target the ETC of Plasmodium falciparum. Two of the identified compounds (MMV024937 and MMV688853) represent novel ETC inhibitor chemotypes. We pinpoint the molecular targets of these inhibitors, demonstrating that all target ETC Complex III, with MMV688853 additionally targeting a kinase with a key role in parasite invasion of host cells. Most of the compounds remain effective inhibitors of parasites that are resistant to the clinically used Complex III inhibitor atovaquone. In sum, we have developed a versatile screening approach to identify and characterize new inhibitors of the ETC in apicomplexan parasites.