bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative relationship between the number of cross‐fostering piglets and subsequent productivity of sows on commercial swine farms
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Hayashi Yusei , Murano Seiya , Kohigashi Tomoya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between the number of cross‐fostering (CF) piglets and subsequent productivity of sows. Data were obtained from seven commercial farms including 41,086 farrowing records. Sows were divided into those that fostered out three or more piglets (CF ≥ 3–), fostered out one or two piglets (CF1–2–), did not do CF (NCF), fostered in one or two piglets (CF1–2+), and fostered in three or more piglets (CF ≥ 3+). CF ≥ 3– sows had the lowest number of piglets weaned and the highest preweaning mortality rate, whereas CF ≥ 3+ sows had the second‐lowest number of piglets weaned and the second‐highest preweaning mortality rate (p < .05). The number of piglets weaned and preweaning mortality rate did not differ among CF1–2–, NCF, and CF1–2+ sows. CF ≥ 3+ sows had the lowest farrowing rate (p < .05). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent parity was highest for CF ≥ 3– sows (p < .05), followed in order by CF1–2–, NCF, CF1–2+, and CF ≥ 3+ sows (p < .05). In summary, CF1–2– and CF1–2+ sows showed no decreases in productivity compared with NCF sows, whereas CF ≥ 3– and CF ≥ 3+ sows had reduced productivity.
Beyond “Enclaves”: Postcolonial Labor Mobility to and from Assam Tea Plantations
Authors: Wolf Anna‐Lena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLabor mobility to and from tea plantations in India has been treated as an exception. Plantations continue to be imagined as unaltered enclaves with an immobile, bonded, or fixed labor force as their key feature. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in India, this article investigates forms of labor mobility to and from Assam tea plantations. While tea labor is not spatially immobile, I argue that spatial mobility does not necessarily lead to upward social mobility. Based on this observation, I reconsider the plantation in the twenty‐first century in two ways: first, plantations are permeable and transforming spaces, due to ongoing labor mobility and evolving changes in the political economy of Assam tea production; second, certain forms of inequality and injustice attributed to plantation economies need to be located beyond the Plantationocene.
Climate denial in Canada and the United States
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Belland Stephanie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne type of climate change denial is the belief that climate change is naturally occurring instead of human caused; this form of denial is known as attribution skepticism or soft denial. While considerable research has addressed outright climate change denial, little research has focused specifically on soft denial and its complex and politicized relationship with science. We examine this form of denial using original survey data collected in 2017 in the United States (n = 1510) and in 2019 in Canada (n = 1545). Contrary to expectations about the United States being more divided by political ideology on the topic of climate change, we find that – after accounting for trust in political leaders – Canadians’ views are driven more by ideological position than those of Americans. In the United States, climate denial is related to trust in President Trump as a source of information about climate change. The study of soft denial is important as it undermines the rationale for climate change solutions.
An update on cutaneous granular cell tumours for dermatologists and dermatopathologists
Authors: Amphlett Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Granular cell tumours are rare soft tissue neoplasms, which occur at a wide variety of sites and commonly involve the skin. Distinction between benign and malignant granular cell tumours is important because benign tumours can be fully cured by complete excision, whereas malignant tumours commonly recur and cause fatal metastatic disease. Communication between the dermatologist and pathologist is also important, as pathology may provide false reassurance by evaluating a benign-appearing part of a clinically malignant tumour. The following review summarizes the current literature on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology, radiology, treatment and prognosis of cutaneous granular cell tumours, with a focus on improving diagnosis and management for dermatologists and dermatopathologists.
Conventional and expanded adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal functioning among low‐income Black mothers
Authors: Lee Kerry A. , Jones Harden Brenda , Jaramillo Mishaska , Norman Taylor A. , Jimenez Parra Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA paucity of research has examined the individual and cumulative effects of conventional and expanded adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on maternal functioning, especially among low‐income Black mothers. Using self‐report data from a subsample of Black mothers (N = 157) who participated in a larger study to evaluate the effectiveness of an urban public prekindergarten program in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, we examined the prevalence of ACEs and the individual and cumulative effects of conventional (i.e., family trauma and dysfunction) and expanded (i.e., community stressors) ACEs on depression and health among low‐income Black mothers. Findings indicated that Black mothers had more exposure to expanded than conventional ACEs. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that experience of physical neglect was significantly associated with depression and physical abuse with compromised health, and perceived experience of racism was a predictor of depression and compromised health. More conventional and expanded ACEs were associated with clinical levels of depression and compromised health. Findings highlight the need for more research related to the impact of ACEs, especially expanded ACEs, on mental and behavioural health outcomes. Additionally, our findings indicate the need for more trauma‐informed care to reduce and address the impact of individual and community‐level adversities on low‐income Black mothers.
Altered resting‐state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in rats post noise exposure
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Min , Wang Jian , Salvi Richard , Liu Li‐Jie , Chen Yu‐Chen , Teng Gao‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to find where and how noise‐induced cochlear hearing loss affects the central nervous system during the early state and identify the neural substrate for aberrant patterns that mediating noise‐related anxiety−/depression‐ like behaviors.MethodsBroad band noise with 122 dB for 2 hours was conducted to induce hearing loss. We defined 0 day (N0D) and 10 days (N10D) post noise as the acute and sub‐acute period. Behavioral tests (Open field test and light/dark test) and resting‐state fMRI were computed to evaluate emotional conditions and aberrant neural activity. Functional connectivity analysis using the anterior cingulate cortex as a seed was computed to reveal the spatial distribution beyond auditory network during both periods.ResultsAnxiety−/depression‐like behaviors were found in rats with noise exposure. Between‐group analysis revealed that N0D rats displayed widespread reductions in functional connectivity, spanning primary somatosensory cortex, medial geniculate body, inferior colliculus, cingulate cortex, cerebellar lobule comparing with N10D rats and a similar pattern was also occurred in comparison with the control group.ConclusionTaken together, an “acoustic‐causing” network accounting for distress and gating of noise exposure related anxiety/depression was proposed.
The pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of eslicarbazepine acetate are comparable between Korean and White subjects
Authors: Hwang Sejung , Lee Soyoung , Kim Eunwoo , Hwang Inyoung , Cho Joo‐Youn , Chung Jae‐Yong , Jang In‐Jin , Oh Jaeseong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a prodrug antiseizure medication for the treatment of focal seizures. ESL shows a well‐established pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic relationship and has similar extrinsic epilepsy‐related factors across ethnicities. This study evaluated and compared ESL safety, tolerability, and PK characteristics between Korean and White subjects. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐dose escalation study was conducted in healthy Korean and White adults. Participants randomly received a single dose and multiple oral doses of ESL (400–1600 mg) or placebo once daily for 11 days at a ratio of 8:2. Serial blood samples were collected to determine the plasma concentration of ESL and its metabolites (eslicarbazepine, [R‐licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine). Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. A total of 29 Korean and 20 White subjects completed the study. The PK profiles of the metabolites of ESL were similar between Korean and White subjects. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of Korean to White subjects for the area under the concentration–time curve within a dosing interval of eslicarbazepine was 1.06 (0.97–1.17) and 0.96 (0.87–1.06) after multiple oral doses of 400 and 1600 mg ESL, respectively. Other PK parameters were also similar between the two ethnic groups. ESL was well‐tolerated in healthy Korean and White subjects, and its PK characteristics were similar between the two ethnic groups. The results of this study support to use the same dosage regimen of ESL in both White and Korean patients with seizures.
Converting a drug from off‐label to on‐label use: Government subsidies and patient welfare
Authors: Olsder Wendy , Martagan Tugce , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost rare diseases have no approved treatments available, and doctors often prescribe existing drugs for “off‐label” use in the sense that a drug is prescribed for a medical condition that is different from the original condition approved by regulatory authorities. To develop approved treatments for rare diseases quickly without starting from scratch, governments have introduced different subsidy programs to entice pharmaceutical companies to exert extra efforts to “convert” certain drugs from off‐label to “on‐label” use. However, the impact of this subsidized conversion strategy on patient welfare remains unclear because both efficacy and price can change once a drug is converted from off‐label to on‐label use. This paper represents an initial attempt to investigate the effectiveness of different types of government subsidies (e.g., offer subsidies to manufacturers, patients, or both) for improving patient welfare through the drug conversion strategy. We present a three‐stage Stackelberg game‐theoretic model that captures the interactions among the government, manufacturer, and patients, and determine whether it is optimal to subsidize the manufacturer, patients, or both. We identify requisite (market and subsidy) conditions for a manufacturer to convert a drug from off‐label to on‐label use. We also determine the optimal extra development effort to convert an off‐label drug, and the optimal unit selling price for the on‐label drug after conversion. Contrary to the generally held public opinions, our analysis reveals that subsidizing pharmaceutical manufacturers is more effective than subsidizing patients. This result implies that subsidies offered to manufacturers would incentivize higher conversion efforts, and subsequently increase the expected patient welfare. Furthermore, we show that this result continues to hold even when the patients are risk‐averse or on‐label market size is uncertain. Our numerical analysis on the drugs Aralen, Humira, Revlimid, and Zostex reveals that government subsidies are necessary for enticing conversion from off‐label to on‐label use.
Circuit formation in the adult brain
Authors: Seng Charlotte , Luo Wenshu , Földy Csaba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeurons in the mammalian central nervous system display an enormous capacity for circuit formation during development but not later in life. In principle, new circuits could be also formed in adult brain, but the absence of the developmental milieu and the presence of growth inhibition and hundreds of working circuits are generally viewed as unsupportive for such a process. Here, we bring together evidence from different areas of neuroscience—such as neurological disorders, adult‐brain neurogenesis, innate behaviours, cell grafting, and in vivo cell reprogramming—which demonstrates robust circuit formation in adult brain. In some cases, adult‐brain rewiring is ongoing and required for certain types of behaviour and memory, while other cases show significant promise for brain repair in disease models. Together, these examples highlight that the adult brain has higher capacity for structural plasticity than previously recognized. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind this retained plasticity has the potential to advance basic knowledge regarding the molecular organization of synaptic circuits and could herald a new era of neural circuit engineering for therapeutic repair.
Hybridization may aid evolutionary rescue of an endangered East African passerine
Authors: Vedder Daniel , Lens Luc , Martin Claudia A. , Pellikka Petri , Adhikari Hari , Heiskanen Janne , Engler Jan O. , Sarmento Cabral Juliano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntrogressive hybridization is a process that enables gene flow across species barriers through the backcrossing of hybrids into a parent population. This may make genetic material, potentially including relevant environmental adaptations, rapidly available in a gene pool. Consequently, it has been postulated to be an important mechanism for enabling evolutionary rescue, that is the recovery of threatened populations through rapid evolutionary adaptation to novel environments. However, predicting the likelihood of such evolutionary rescue for individual species remains challenging. Here, we use the example of Zosterops silvanus, an endangered East African highland bird species suffering from severe habitat loss and fragmentation, to investigate whether hybridization with its congener Zosterops flavilateralis might enable evolutionary rescue of its Taita Hills population. To do so, we employ an empirically parameterized individual‐based model to simulate the species' behaviour, physiology and genetics. We test the population's response to different assumptions of mating behaviour and multiple scenarios of habitat change. We show that as long as hybridization does take place, evolutionary rescue of Z. silvanus is likely. Intermediate hybridization rates enable the greatest long‐term population growth, due to trade‐offs between adaptive and maladaptive introgressed alleles. Habitat change did not have a strong effect on population growth rates, as Z. silvanus is a strong disperser and landscape configuration is therefore not the limiting factor for hybridization. Our results show that targeted gene flow may be a promising avenue to help accelerate the adaptation of endangered species to novel environments, and demonstrate how to combine empirical research and mechanistic modelling to deliver species‐specific predictions for conservation planning.
Parsing the impact of E‐government on bureaucratic corruption
Authors: Kalesnikaite Vaiva , Neshkova Milena I. , Ganapati Sukumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrior research has examined the effect of e‐government on corruption but has only considered perceived political corruption that differs from the actual corruption that citizens experience in their routine encounters with street‐level bureaucrats. This study focuses on petty corruption and delineates the underlying mechanism through which e‐government aids in curbing it. We argue that online service delivery reduces corruptibility on both sides—bureaucrats and citizens—by limiting the frequency of their interactions. To test this theoretical expectation, we vary the conditions under which petty corruption occurs. Using data from Latin America and the Caribbean, a region riddled with corruption, we demonstrate that e‐government significantly reduces bureaucratic corruption, but only for services where direct contact between citizens and street‐level bureaucrats can be avoided.
The GOAL‐Hēm journey: Shared decision making and patient‐centred outcomes
Authors: Roberts Jonathan C. , Richardson Sharon , Miles Moses E. , Stanley Justin , Chapman Chere A. T. , Denne Michael , Caicedo Jorge , Rockwood Kenneth , Recht Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionGOAL‐Hēm is a novel, haemophilia‐specific, patient‐centred outcome measure (PCOM) based on goal attainment scaling, allowing people with haemophilia (PwH) to set and monitor the attainment of individualized goals for treatment.AimTo provide a thorough overview of the creation, validation, and development of GOAL‐Hēm.MethodsClinician workshops were held to develop a haemophilia‐specific goal menu. Qualitative data from semistructured interviews with PwH and their caregivers guided further revisions to the goal menu (i.e., goal domains and descriptors). A feasibility study was performed including a 12‐week, prospective, noninterventional evaluation involving clinicians and PwH at four US haemophilia treatment centres. Finally, the Patient Voice Study gathered feedback from PwH and their caregivers via an online survey, interviews, and a focus group.ResultsThe feasibility study validated GOAL‐Hēm with successful outcomes in construct/content validity and responsiveness, including a large effect in patient‐ and clinician‐rated goal attainments. The Patient Voice Study led to significant refinement of GOAL‐Hēm goals and descriptors, resulting in a more straightforward and relatable menu for PwH and their caregivers. Overall, GOAL‐Hēm captured qualitative data in areas important to PwH and employed quantitative methods to evaluate meaningful changes in those areas. The individualized tool was well equipped to handle the complex and chronic nature of haemophilia and was endorsed by PwH, their caregivers, and clinicians.ConclusionThe GOAL‐Hēm development journey may serve as a roadmap for other PCOMs in a variety of settings, including clinical studies, haemophilia treatment centres for care planning, and as a tool to gather real‐world evidence.
The path of depression among frontline nurses duringCOVID‐19 pandemic: A fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Liang Leilei , Yuan Tongshuang , Guo Xinmeng , Meng Cuicui , Lv Jianping , Fei Junsong , Mei Songli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the combination of different conditional variables that led to depressive symptoms among frontline nurses who were fought against COVID‐19 during the outbreak in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. The study was conducted in August 2020, which included 331 frontline clinical nurses who supported Wuhan's fight against COVID‐19. The age range was 21–57 years and included 315 female nurses and 16 male nurses. This study used the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis research method to explore the path of depression among frontline nurses. This study generated nine different configurations for the path of depression among frontline nurses, and had a detailed demonstration for each configuration. Each configuration distinguishes the different effects of influencing factors. For example, in the first configuration, gender, sleep disorder and PTSD exist as core conditions, while social support exists as a core condition lack. This study was presented results which was different what linear regression model reports. It takes into consideration the combined effect of each conditional variable on the development of depression. Nurse managers should pay attention to the combination of multiple influencing factors, instead of focus on single factors.
Improving the estimation of soil water evaporation based on days after wetting
Authors: da Silva Alves Élvis , Neiva Rodrigues Lineu , Valadares Ferreira Fernanda Laurinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil evaporation constitutes a major pathway of water loss in agriculture. Understanding its dynamics in the face of drying and soil cover is fundamental to improve both simulation models and the sustainability of production systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate soil evaporation as a function of drying and percentage of soil cover. Three experiments were carried out in three different periods. In each of the periods, in parallel and in an adjacent area, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of weighing micro‐lysimeter (ML) height on the estimation of direct soil evaporation. The experiments were installed with a completely randomized design. For the experiments that measured evaporation as a function of cover, the treatments consisted of six different percentages of cover of the internal area of the ML (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), with four replicates, using artificial plants to cover the soil. The experiments that estimated evaporation as a function of ML height were conducted with eight repetitions and three different ML heights (100, 200 and 300 mm). It was observed that the accumulated evaporation up to 25 days after wetting was 52% and 53% lower in micro‐lysimeters with 100 mm height, compared to those with 200 and 300 mm height, respectively, for all experiments. The new model developed to calculate soil evaporation as a function of the days after wetting and percentage of soil cover showed excellent performance (NSE > 0.95).
Melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via RANKL/OPG suppression mediated by Rev‐Erbα in osteoblasts
Authors: Tian Yihao , Ming Jian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetic osteoporosis is secondary osteoporosis and a serious complication of diabetes with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The specific mechanism of diabetic osteoporosis is unclear, and prevention and treatment options are limited. Recently, melatonin has been found to prevent and treat diabetic osteoporosis. Herein, we investigated the mechanism whereby melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and identified a new target for osteoporosis treatment. We established an in vitro osteoblast–osteoclast co‐culture system as a diabetic osteoporosis model. Osteoclastogenesis was determined using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and cathepsin K expression. Real‐time PCR was used to ascertain expression of microRNA mir‐882, targeting Rev‐Erbα. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of Rev‐Erbα, receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), and ELISA was utilized to analyse the secreted form of RANKL. High glucose promoted osteoclastogenesis and elevated the RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblasts, while melatonin reversed these effects. High glucose inhibited Rev‐Erbα expression, while melatonin promoted its expression. Conversely, high glucose promoted mir‐882 expression, while melatonin inhibited it. We infer that melatonin inhibits RANKL expression in osteoblasts via the mir‐882/Rev‐Erbα axis, thus inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Our findings provide insights into diabetic osteoporosis and identify a new therapeutic target for osteoporosis.