bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of pressurized hot water extraction for the solubilization of valuable components from hospital kitchen wastes
Authors: Esteban-Lustres Rebeca , Torres Ma Dolores , Pazos Antonio , Enjamio Cristina , Piñeiro Beatriz , Domínguez Herminia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of food waste is the separation of valuable components. Due to the difficulty and heterogeneity of such wastes, the study of model systems allowing a regular and predictable production and composition was used. A mixture of pre- and post-consumption kitchen wastes from a hospital with an automated organic matter segregation and drying system (HKW) has been collected to obtain representative samples of the different diets prepared daily. The chemical characterization of streams revealed a variation in composition of the wastes depending on the menus. Those from dinner + breakfast (D + B) presented protein content in the range 42–54% of the dry weight and those form lunch + snack (L + S) in the range 19–33%, whereas the carbohydrate content was 52–65% in D + B and 47–53% in L + S waste streams. These values suggested the possibility of proposing a different valorization scheme for each type of stream. In this study, a green extraction process with pressurized hot water under microwave heating has been explored for the solubilization of the most abundant and valuable components, protein, and carbohydrates. The starch fractions recovered from the crude extract were proposed for the formulation of anti-freezing hydrogels suitable for 3D printing, and the possibilities of valorizing other fractions such as proteins as plant biostimulants are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Considerations of Racism and Data Equity Among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, And Pacific Islanders in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Gee Gilbert C. , Morey Brittany N. , Bacong Adrian M. , Doan Tran T. , Penaia Corina S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of considering social determinants of health, including factors such as structural racism. This review discusses some of the evidence that triangulates on this issue, including data from hate crime statistics, social media analysis, and survey-based research. It also examines the data needs for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities.

Recent Findings
The available data provides evidence that the pandemic has contributed to an increase in anti-Asian sentiment and discriminatory incidents. Many reports have surfaced showing a surge in anti-Chinese discrimination, which has “spilled over” into other Asian communities. Research is beginning to emerge to show that such discrimination may also impact health issues such as psychological distress. Given prior research, we would expect many more studies to emerge in the future. Also, the pandemic has illustrated the major gaps in data available to disentangle the health and social concerns facing Asian Americans and NHPI communities. Significant issues include the lack of systematic reporting of data for these communities both across states, and even among agencies within a state; erroneous aggregation of Asians with NHPIs; and censoring of data. These gaps and issues contribute to bias that obscures objective data and amplifies health inequalities.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the well-being of Asian American and NHPI communities. It is critical to provide disaggregated data, not only so that we can have accurate reporting, but also to ensure data and health equity.
Energy-saving service management technology of internet of things using edge computing and deep learning
Authors: Li Defeng , Lan Mingming , Hu Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose is to solve the problems of high transmission rate and low delay in the deployment of mobile edge computing network, ensure the security and effectiveness of the Internet of things (IoT), and save resources. Dynamic power management is adopted to control the working state transition of Edge Data Center (EDC) servers. A load prediction model based on long-short term memory (LSTM) is creatively proposed. The innovation of the model is to shut down the server in idle state or low utilization in EDC, consider user mobility and EDC location information, learn the global optimal dynamic timeout threshold strategy and N-policy through trial and error reinforcement learning method, reasonably control the working state switching of the server, and realize load prediction and analysis. The results show that the performance of AdaGrad optimization solver is the best when the feature dimension is 3, the number of LSTM network layers is 6, the time series length is 30–45, the batch size is 128, the training time is 788 s, the number of units is 250, and the number of times is 350. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed load prediction model and power management mechanism improve the prediction accuracy by 4.21%. Compared with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) load prediction, the dynamic power management method of LSTM load prediction can reduce energy consumption by 12.5% and realize the balance between EDC system performance and energy consumption. The system can effectively meet the requirements of multi-access edge computing (MEC) for low delay, high bandwidth and high reliability, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and waste, and reduce the cost of MEC service providers in actual operation. This exploration has important reference value for promoting the energy-saving development of Internet-related industries.
Thiourea Leaching: An Update on a Sustainable Approach for Gold Recovery from E-waste
Authors: Ray Daniel A. , Baniasadi Mahsa , Graves John E. , Greenwood Alan , Farnaud Sebastien 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electronic waste is a dominant global issue with over 50 million tons generated annually. Still, as an amalgamation of precious and rare raw materials, electronic waste is a considerable economic resource with the most valuable components located on the printed circuit boards. Gold is widely used in electronics in numerous applications, although principally for contact points and external connectors. The recovery of gold, due to its high value, is one of the main motivations for recycling e-waste. Although pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processing are still the preferred modes of recovery for gold, the use of high-energy consuming pyro-methods, and the use of gold cyanidation that uses harmful lixiviants are increasingly discouraged. Thiourea has received attention as an alternative lixiviant for gold leaching due to its fast reaction kinetics and less harmful nature. This review aims to provide an up-to-date evaluation of thiourea-gold leaching studies from electronic waste, with emphasis on the recent progression from the classic chemical method to a more sustainable hybrid bioleaching-based system, while its challenges are highlighted. The complementary methods applied for gold retrieval from the pregnant solution are also described with a focus on sustainable methods that have the potential to provide a closed-loop system, the key objective for material recovery in a circular economy.

Graphical Abstract
High transcriptome plasticity drives phosphate starvation responses in tomato
Authors: Satheesh Viswanathan , Zhang Jieqiong , Li Jinkai , You Qiuye , Zhao Panfeng , Wang Peng , Lei Mingguang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTomato is an important vegetable crop and fluctuating available soil phosphate (Pi) level elicits several morpho-physiological responses driven by underlying molecular responses. Therefore, understanding these molecular responses at the gene and isoform levels has become critical in the quest for developing crops with improved Pi use efficiency. A quantitative time-series RNA-seq analysis was performed to decipher the global transcriptomic changes that accompany Pi starvation in tomato. Apart from changes in the expression levels of genes, there were also alterations in the expression of alternatively-spliced transcripts. Physiological responses such as anthocyanin accumulation, reactive oxygen species generation and cell death are obvious 7 days after Pi deprivation accompanied with the maximum amount of transcriptional change in the genome making it an important stage for in-depth study while studying Pi stress responses (PSR). Our study demonstrates that transcriptomic changes under Pi deficiency are dynamic and complex in tomato. Overall, our study dwells on the dynamism of the transcriptome in eliciting a response to adapt to low Pi stress and lays it bare. Findings from this study will prove to be an invaluable resource for researchers using tomato as a model for understanding nutrient deficiency.
The political challenges of deep decarbonisation: towards a more integrated agenda
Authors: Jordan Andrew , Lorenzoni Irene , Tosun Jale , i Saus Joan Enguer , Geese Lucas , Kenny John , Saad Emiliano Levario , Moore Brendan , Schaub Simon G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdopting public policies to deliver the ambitious long-term goals of the Paris Agreement will require significant societal commitment. That commitment will eventually emerge from the interaction between policies, publics and politicians. This article has two main aims. First, it reviews the existing literatures on these three to identify salient research gaps. It finds that existing work has focused on one aspect rather than the dynamic interactions between them all. Second, it sets out a more integrated research agenda that explores the three-way interaction between publics, policies and politicians. It reveals that greater integration is required to understand better the conditions under which different political systems address societal commitment dilemmas. In the absence of greater research integration, there is a risk that policymakers cling to two prominent but partial policy prescriptions: that ‘democracy’ itself is the problem and should be suspended; and that more deliberative forms of democracy are required without explaining how they will co-exist with existing forms.
An Interactive Evolutionary Design Method for Mobile Product Customization and Validation of Its Application
Authors: Zeng Dong , Guan Ming , He Maoen , Tian Ziyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProduct customization is a means that effectively caters to personal needs, and as such, has increasingly caught the attention of both consumers and manufacturers. With technological advancements, the customization of products is now being made available through mobile applications. However, mobile apps need to be easy to use and operate, which presents some challenges for mobile app designers. In response, this study proposes an interactive evolutionary design method for mobile apps, based on an interactive genetic algorithm, to help consumers generate high-quality designs and enhance their retail experience by optimizing synthetic fitness and reducing the user’s fatigue from evaluation. Firstly, a human–computer interaction model for mobile interactive evolutionary design was launched to solve the screen space problem and simplify the evaluation process. Secondly, to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, this paper combines hesitation patterns to obtain accurate individual fitness. Thirdly, an ongoing prediction and replacement mechanism were presented to improve user experience. After addressing these items, the proposed method is applied to a customization system that involves traditional brocade patterns of the Zhuang ethnic group in southwestern China and validated using a conventional interactive evolutionary design system with an interactive genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method increases the designs’ efficiency, and can help consumers effectively customize their product purchases on mobile devices.
A prospective, multicenter, clinical study of duodenoscope contamination after reprocessing
Authors: Okamoto Naoaki , Sczaniecka Anna , Hirano Misa , Benedict Melinda , Baba Shigeyoshi , Horino Yoko , Takenouchi Masato , Morizane Yuichi , Yana Ikuo , Segan Ross , Pineau Lionel , Alfa Michelle J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:Several clinical procedures utilize duodenoscopes, which are processed for reuse after the procedures are completed. However, infection outbreaks due to improper duodenoscope processing occur frequently. To address this, we aimed to assess the contamination rates of duodenoscopes after reprocessing in nonoutbreak settings.Design and setting:Prospective study in 16 clinical sites in the United States.Methods:We sampled and cultured reprocessed duodenoscopes following the FDA/CDC/ASM guideline; “Duodenoscope Surveillance Sampling and Culturing – Reducing the Risks of Infection.” High-concern (HC) organisms were those highly associated with disease, including gram-negative rods, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Enterococcus spp, and yeasts. We evaluated duodenoscopes with ≥1 CFU of organisms after reprocessing. The reprocessing environments were also sampled and cultured.Results:We assessed 859 newer-model (NM) duodenoscopes (TJF-Q180V) and 850 older-model (OM) duodenoscopes (TJF-160F/VF); of these, 35 NM samples (4.1%) and 56 OM samples (6.6%) were contaminated with HC organisms. We detected and classified the HC organisms as gastrointestinal (45.4%), human origin (16.7%), environmental (24.1%), waterborne (13.0%), and unidentified (0.9%).Conclusions:We detected an overall HC contamination rate of 5.3% in nonoutbreak settings. Although the relationship between endoscopic contamination and the occurrence of infections remains unclear, attempts should continue to be made to further reduce contamination rates. Additional improvements to the manufacturer’s instructions for use, human factors during the reprocessing procedure, ongoing training programs, cleanliness of reprocessing environments, and the design of the distal end of the duodenoscope should be considered.
Taking Distributions Seriously: On the Interpretation of the Estimates of Interactive Nonlinear Models
Authors: Zhirnov Andrei , Moral Mert , Sedashov Evgeny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, political science literature has experienced significant growth in the popularity of nonlinear models with multiplicative interaction terms. When one or more constitutive variables are not binary, most studies report the marginal effect of the variable of interest at its sample mean while allowing the other constitutive variable/s to vary along its range and holding all other covariates constant at their means, modes, or medians. In this article, we argue that this conventional approach is not always the most suitable since the marginal effect of a variable at its sample mean might not be sufficiently representative of its prevalent effect at a specific value of the conditioning variable and might produce excessively model-dependent predictions. We propose two procedures to help researchers gain a better understanding of how the typical effect of the variable of interest varies as a function of the conditioning variable: (1) computing and plotting the marginal effects at all in-sample combinations of the values of the constitutive variables and (2) computing and plotting what we call the “Distribution-Weighted Average Marginal Effect” over the values of the conditioning variable.
Alterations in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus – a specific neural correlate of gender incongruence?
Authors: van Heesewijk Jason , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P. C. , Veltman Dick J. , Bakker Julie , Burke Sarah M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of adolescents seek help for gender-identity questions. Consequently, requests for medical treatments, such as puberty suppression, are growing. However, studies investigating the neurobiological substrate of gender incongruence (when birth-assigned sex and gender identity do not align) are scarce, and knowledge about the effects of puberty suppression on the developing brain of transgender youth is limited.MethodsHere we cross-sectionally investigated sex and gender differences in regional fractional anisotropy (FA) as measured by diffusion MR imaging, and the impact of puberty on alterations in the white-matter organization of 35 treatment-naive prepubertal children and 41 adolescents with gender incongruence, receiving puberty suppression. The transgender groups were compared with 79 age-matched, treatment-naive cisgender (when sex and gender align) peers.ResultsWe found that transgender adolescents had lower FA in the bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), forceps major and corpus callosum than cisgender peers. In addition, average FA values of the right IFOF correlated negatively with adolescents' cumulative dosage of puberty suppressants received. Of note, prepubertal children also showed significant FA group differences in, again, the right IFOF and left cortico-spinal tract, but with the reverse pattern (transgender > cisgender) than was seen in adolescents.ConclusionsImportantly, our results of lower FA (indexing less longitudinal organization, fiber coherence, and myelination) in the IFOF of gender-incongruent adolescents replicate prior findings in transgender adults, suggesting a salient neural correlate of gender incongruence. Findings highlight the complexity with which (pubertal) sex hormones impact white-matter development and add important insight into the neurobiological substrate associated with gender incongruence.
Prevalence, correlates, and mental health burden associated with homelessness in U.S. military veterans
Authors: Nichter Brandon , Tsai Jack , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHomelessness is a major public health problem among U.S. military veterans. However, contemporary, population-based data on the prevalence, correlates, and mental health burden of homelessness among veterans are lacking.MethodsData were analyzed from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of veterans (n = 4069). Analyses examined the prevalence and correlates of homelessness, as well as the independent associations between homelessness and current probable psychiatric conditions, suicidality, and functioning.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of homelessness was 10.2% (95% confidence interval 9.3–11.2). More than 8-of-10 veterans reported experiencing their first episode of homelessness following military service, with a mean of 10.6 years post-discharge until onset (s.d. = 12.6). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), cumulative trauma burden, current household income, younger age, and drug use disorder emerged as the strongest correlates of homelessness (49% of total explained variance). Veterans with a history of homelessness had elevated odds of lifetime suicide attempt, attempting suicide two or more times, and past-year suicide ideation [odd ratios (ORs) 1.3–3.1]. They also had higher rates of current probable posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive, generalized anxiety, and drug use disorders (ORs 1.7–2.4); and scored lower on measures of mental, physical, cognitive, psychosocial functioning (d = 0.11–0.15).ConclusionsOne in ten U.S. veterans has experienced homelessness, and these veterans represent a subpopulation at substantially heightened risk for poor mental health and suicide. ACEs were the strongest factor associated with homelessness, thus underscoring the importance of targeting early childhood adversities and their mental health consequences in prevention efforts for homelessness in this population.
The (white) ears of Ofsted: A raciolinguistic perspective on the listening practices of the schools inspectorate
Authors: Cushing Ian , Snell Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngland has had a schools inspectorate since 1839, first in the form of Her Majesty's Inspectorate (HMI), and since 1992, in the form of the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). The inspectorate, a workforce made up of a majority of white inspectors, conduct regular inspections of all state schools in England, producing reports which comment on various aspects of educational provision, including teachers’ and students’ spoken language. In this article we deploy a raciolinguistic genealogy to examine the listening practices of the inspectorate, drawing on historical inspection reports generated from archival work, inspectorate language policy, and a large corpus of contemporary reports. We show how raciolinguistic ideologies are deeply embedded into the sociopolitical culture of the inspectorate, and how these ideologies translate into systems of sonic surveillance in which the nonstandardised language practices of students and teachers are heard as impoverished, deficient, and unsuitable for school. (Raciolinguistics, schools, language policing, standardised English, Ofsted, England, social class, ideology)
A fish tale about “fieldwork,” or toward multilingual interviewing in applied linguistics
Authors: Thomas Jamie A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFocused as we are on uncovering how language works, many linguists are less cognizant of how the communicative strategies we employ in our knowledge-gathering activities impact the language users, identities, and communities we connect with and learn from. This autoethnographic essay, offered as a critical, introspective and analytical account by a U.S.-based, African American woman researcher, unfolds across three scenes of embedded ethnographic research in Micronesia and Tanzania—ocean-facing nations separated by a distance of more than 12,000 kilometers. Each scene's storytelling and dialogue—among users of Pohnpeian and Nukuoro in Micronesia, and users of Korean and Swahili in Tanzania—depicts how competing ideas about the value of marginalized languages surface within the talk of the research interview through allusions to socioracial power and linguistic capital. The essay concludes with a discussion of how a shift toward multilingual, multi-person interviewing can expand and deepen the insights of language-focused research.
The role of perceived threats on mental health, social, and neurocognitive youth outcomes: A multicontextual, person-centered approach
Authors: Conley May I. , Hernandez Jasmine , Salvati Joeann M. , Gee Dylan G. , Baskin-Sommers Arielle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerceived threat in youth’s environments can elevate risk for mental health, social, and neurocognitive difficulties throughout the lifespan. However, few studies examine variability in youth’s perceptions of threat across multiple contexts or evaluate outcomes across multiple domains, ultimately limiting our understanding of specific risks associated with perceived threats in different contexts. This study examined associations between perceived threat in youth’s neighborhood, school, and family contexts at ages 9–10 and mental health, social, and neurocognitive outcomes at ages 11–12 within a large US cohort (N = 5525) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles: Low Threat in all contexts, Elevated Family Threat, Elevated Neighborhood Threat, and Elevated Threat in all contexts. Mixed-effect models and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that youth in Elevated Threat profile had poorer mental health and social outcomes 2 years later. Youth in the Elevated Family Threat profile uniquely showed increased disruptive behavior symptoms, whereas youth in the Elevated Neighborhood Threat profile predominantly displayed increased sleep problems and worse neurocognitive outcomes 2 years later. Together, findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of threat across multiple contexts to achieve a more nuanced developmental picture.