bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
195 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS ON PATIENTS ATTENDING A FALLS ASSESSMENT SERVICE
Authors: Pierpoint R , Keating J , McElwaine P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Covid-19 impacted older peoples’ confidence and mobility. Restrictions from March 2020 on our cohort of patients (&gt; 65 years) reduced movement and social interactions leading to deconditioning and brain health implications. In our falls assessment service the clinical nurse specialist conducts a multifactorial assessment. We aimed to see if a difference existed in assessments of similar cohorts of patients’ pre and post restrictions.

Methods
A retrospective review of assessment measures for patients attending the falls service between October – December 2019 and 2021. Measures compared included gender, age, Fear-of-Falling (FOF), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX), Vitamin D levels, grip strength and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results
Twenty-two patient charts were reviewed from 2019 and 2021. Both years had similar female and male patient data reviewed (14/22 female 2019, 15/22 female 2021). FOF was noted in 38% (8/21) of patients in 2019, versus 45% (10/22) in 2021. In 2021 the average age of our patient cohort had decreased by three years. The TUG average time increased by 2 seconds in 2021 (median time decreased by 2.5 seconds). The major osteoporotic average percentage decreased in 2021 by 1.1%, (median drop 9%), the hip fracture percentage decreased by 2.5% in 2021 (median drop 10.5%). The average vitamin D level decreased by 1mmol in 2021 (median decreased 54mmol), while BMI average increased by 2kg/m² (median increased by 6kg/m²). The average grip strength results in 2021 dropped by 11.5kg (median decreased by 10.5kg).

Conclusion
Potential trends are observed in this data. We intend to examine a larger timeline/number of patients to be able to validate these findings, particularly FOF.
286 PERCEPTIONS OF RESEARCH AMONGST OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Davey N , Connolly E , McFeely A , Bambrick P , Pope G , Mulcahy R , Cooke J , O'Regan N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Older adults are often excluded from healthcare research, particularly those with cognitive impairment. It is crucial that study participants have given informed consent and partake in research of their own free will. People with cognitive impairment are not always able to engage in the informed consent process. This can lead to under-representation of this cohort in studies. Understanding older people’s perceptions of research is important to better design policies and research studies that are inclusive of older adults. This pilot study aimed to gain a better understanding of older adults’ views about healthcare research and what they imagine their wishes would be if they were unable to consent themselves due to memory problems.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, participants were recruited from outpatient clinics. Consenting participants were surveyed over the phone to ascertain their perceptions of healthcare research.

Results
Twenty-five interviews were conducted. Median age was 76.24 years (range 68-85 years). Most respondents reached at least second level education (80%), and most volunteered knowing very little about healthcare research. All participants had a nominated next of kin. Of 23 participants who had not previously been involved in healthcare research, none had been asked to do so.
Most participants would be interested or very interested in participating in research if the study involved either survey questions (64%), chart review (88%), or additional investigations (68%), however only a minority were interested or very interested in partaking in research involving a trial drug (16%). Most participants (88%) would be happy or very happy for their next of kin to ‘consent’ on their behalf (if they themselves were unable to do so).

Conclusion
In this study, older adults had clear views about healthcare research and a keenness to participate. This group of older adults expressed trust in their next of kin to make decisions on their behalf regarding research participation. More research is required to explore this area further.
335 AN AUDIT OF ANTI-COAGULATION AND ANTI-PLATELET PRESCRIBING POST-INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Hanrahan C , Hyland N , Kitt K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Choosing if, and when antithrombotic therapy should be re-started after Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) is a decision commonly faced by clinicians working in stroke medicine. In spite of this, there is a dearth of international guidelines to support clinicians in decision making. Two recent Randomised-Controlled Trials (RCT), RESTART and SO-START, have indicated that anti-thrombotic therapy may have a better benefit:risk ratio than previously thought for patients post ICH. We conducted an audit of our practice in our tertiary hospital in 2020, a centre dealing with acute stroke.

Methods
Data was sourced from the local HIPE repository and included patients with acute, spontaneous ICH. Data was examined for variables which may influence decision to re-introduce anti-thrombotics such as indication for anti-thrombotic, type of anti-thrombotic, length of time to re-start anti-thrombotic post ICH, survival at discharge, and follow-up imaging. Our practice was compared to the intervention arms of the two previously mentioned RCT's.

Results
Of 56 included patients, 42 patients (75%) survived to discharge. Chi-squared analysis was used to assess for associations between variables. Of patients taking anti-platelets at time of ICH, only 25% were restarted on anti-platelet therapy at one year. Mean time to restarting anti-platelets post ICH was 20 weeks. For patients on oral anti-coagulation, 70% were restarted on oral anti-coagulation at one year. Mean time post ICH for restarting oral-anticoagulation was 14 weeks. No patients with amyloid angiopathy confirmed on MR Brain (n=5), were restarted on anti-thrombotic therapy, which was statistically significant. (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusion
Results of our audit revealed a smaller proportion of patients were re-started on anti-platelet therapy compared to anti-coagulant therapy, despite trial evidence suggesting both are reasonable options for patients post ICH. Confirmed amyloid angiopathy was associated with a reduced rate of re-starting anti-thrombotic therapy. Further research is needed to examine outcomes amongst those restarted on antithrombotic therapy and to develop practice guidelines in this area.
361 EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS (HCPS) WORKING IN ACUTE STROKE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Donohue N , Galvin R , Horgan F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the delivery of stroke care internationally. The INAS (Irish National Audit for Stroke) report 2020, found that there was no significant disruption to stroke services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the experiences of Health-Care Professionals (HCPs) who were working in stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the experiences of HCPs working in acute stroke care in an Irish hospital group during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling, 16 semi-structured interviews of healthcare professionals from six specialities (Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, Speech and Language Therapy and Medical Social Work) in two model three hospitals and one model four hospital were conducted. Interviews were virtual. Analysis was completed using the Braun and Clarke six-step method. This research was approved by the Royal College of Surgeons Research Ethics committee and permission was secured from the Stroke Clinical lead at each site to conduct interviews.

Results
Two main themes emerged: (i) Disruption of the end-to-end acute stroke pathway and (ii) Opportunities of the pandemic to develop a new model of care. Theme (i) suggests challenges were experienced in emergency care, access to Stroke Units (SU) beds and multidisciplinary teams (MDT). In theme (ii) participants described opportunities in telemedicine, the development of new rehabilitation and existing Early Supported Discharge (ESD) pathways.

Conclusion
This study highlights the lived experience of HCPs, the disruption to the stroke pathway and the opportunities as a result of the pandemic. It demonstrates the need for further exploration of, telemedicine, alternative rehabilitation pathways in stroke care and the need for a wider stroke education programme for HCPs working outside stroke. Finally, this study highlights the unwavering resilience and empathy of HCPs working in Stroke.
The Jurisdictional Vacuum: Transnational Corporate Human Rights Claims in Common Law Home States
Authors: Ahmad Hassan M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Private MNCs that operate in developing host states through overseas subsidiaries are regularly accused of human rights and environmental violations. Host state plaintiffs who then seek redress in home states where a corporate parent is domiciled face a number of doctrinal limitations. Focusing on the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, this Article outlines the current state of common law doctrines that consistently inhibit host state plaintiffs from advancing transnational home state claims. Cumulatively, the doctrines create a ‘jurisdictional vacuum,’ illustrating that domestic legal principles have not kept pace with commerce that spans across state borders. As international business has been able to structure itself to avoid the adjudicative reach of home state courts, harmed host state plaintiffs are unable to utilize domestic common laws to exact civil liability and obtain compensation.
Comprised mainly of transnational claims that originate in commercial activities in the extractive and manufacturing industries, the vacuum’s doctrinal limitations fall within two broad categories. In the first category, home state courts have parochially interpreted corporate legal personality. Adhering to the corporate veil, they have disaggregated otherwise integrated transnational business operations in accordance with the entity theory of liability. They have also disaggregated MNC liability from government and individual liability by, respectively, holding onto ‘statist’ notions of international law and restrictively construing corporate personhood. In the second category, home state courts have taken restrained approaches to transnational corporate claims that implicate foreign relations or trade and investment or, otherwise, impinge on a host state’s judicial system. They have routinely invoked deferential and prudential doctrines, namely forum non conveniens and act of state, and restrictively interpreted the presumption against extraterritoriality. And when they have eschewed restraint in boomerang litigation, the end result has equally thwarted the ability of host state plaintiffs to procure compensatory remedies.
Role of gut-microbiota in disease severity and clinical outcomes
Authors: Yadav Monika , Chauhan Nar Singh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A delicate balance of nutrients, antigens, metabolites and xenobiotics in body fluids, primarily managed by diet and host metabolism, governs human health. Human gut microbiota is a gatekeeper to nutrient bioavailability, pathogens exposure and xenobiotic metabolism. Human gut microbiota starts establishing during birth and evolves into a resilient structure by adolescence. It supplements the host's metabolic machinery and assists in many physiological processes to ensure health. Biotic and abiotic stressors could induce dysbiosis in gut microbiota composition leading to disease manifestations. Despite tremendous scientific advancements, a clear understanding of the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis during disease onset and clinical outcomes is still awaited. This would be important for developing an effective and sustainable therapeutic intervention. This review synthesizes the present scientific knowledge to present a comprehensive picture of the role of gut microbiota in the onset and severity of a disease.
The LCD-Composer webserver: high-specificity identification and functional analysis of low-complexity domains in proteins
Authors: Cascarina Sean M , Ross Eric D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Summary
Low-complexity domains (LCDs) in proteins are regions enriched in a small subset of amino acids. LCDs exist in all domains of life, often have unusual biophysical behavior, and function in both normal and pathological processes. We recently developed an algorithm to identify LCDs based predominantly on amino acid composition thresholds. Here, we have integrated this algorithm with a webserver and augmented it with additional analysis options. Specifically, users can (i) search for LCDs in whole proteomes by setting minimum composition thresholds for individual or grouped amino acids, (ii) submit a known LCD sequence to search for similar LCDs, (iii) search for and plot LCDs within a single protein, (iv) statistically test for enrichment of LCDs within a user-provided protein set and (v) specifically identify proteins with multiple types of LCDs.

Availability and implementation
The LCD-Composer server can be accessed at http://lcd-composer.bmb.colostate.edu. The corresponding command-line scripts can be accessed at https://github.com/RossLabCSU/LCD-Composer/tree/master/WebserverScripts.
HaploDMF: viral haplotype reconstruction from long reads via deep matrix factorization
Authors: Cai Dehan , Shang Jiayu , Sun Yanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivationLacking strict proofreading mechanisms, many RNA viruses can generate progeny with slightly changed genomes. Being able to characterize highly similar genomes (i.e. haplotypes) in one virus population helps study the viruses’ evolution and their interactions with the host/other microbes. High-throughput sequencing data has become the major source for characterizing viral populations. However, the inherent limitation on read length by next-generation sequencing makes complete haplotype reconstruction difficult.ResultsIn this work, we present a new tool named HaploDMF that can construct complete haplotypes using third-generation sequencing (TGS) data. HaploDMF utilizes a deep matrix factorization model with an adapted loss function to learn latent features from aligned reads automatically. The latent features are then used to cluster reads of the same haplotype. Unlike existing tools whose performance can be affected by the overlap size between reads, HaploDMF is able to achieve highly robust performance on data with different coverage, haplotype number and error rates. In particular, it can generate more complete haplotypes even when the sequencing coverage drops in the middle. We benchmark HaploDMF against the state-of-the-art tools on simulated and real sequencing TGS data on different viruses. The results show that HaploDMF competes favorably against all others.Availability and implementationThe source code and the documentation of HaploDMF are available at https://github.com/dhcai21/HaploDMF.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cerebrovascular insulin receptors are defective in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Leclerc Manon , Bourassa Philippe , Tremblay Cyntia , Caron Vicky , Sugère Camille , Emond Vincent , Bennett David A , Calon Frédéric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Central response to insulin is suspected to be defective in Alzheimer’s disease. As most insulin is secreted in the bloodstream by the pancreas, its capacity to regulate brain functions must, at least partly, be mediated through the cerebral vasculature. However, how insulin interacts with the blood–brain barrier and whether alterations of this interaction could contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology both remain poorly defined.
Here, we show that human and murine cerebral insulin receptors (INSRs), particularly the long isoform INSRα-B, are concentrated in microvessels rather than in the parenchyma. Vascular concentrations of INSRα-B were lower in the parietal cortex of subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, positively correlating with cognitive scores, leading to a shift towards a higher INSRα-A/B ratio, consistent with cerebrovascular insulin resistance in the Alzheimer’s disease brain. Vascular INSRα was inversely correlated with amyloid-β plaques and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, but positively correlated with insulin-degrading enzyme, neprilysin and P-glycoprotein. Using brain cerebral intracarotid perfusion, we found that the transport rate of insulin across the blood–brain barrier remained very low (&lt;0.03 µl/g·s) and was not inhibited by an insulin receptor antagonist. However, intracarotid perfusion of insulin induced the phosphorylation of INSRβ that was restricted to microvessels. Such an activation of vascular insulin receptor was blunted in 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology induces insulin resistance at the level of the blood–brain barrier.
Overall, the present data in post-mortem Alzheimer’s disease brains and an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease indicate that defects in the insulin receptor localized at the blood–brain barrier strongly contribute to brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer’s disease, in association with β-amyloid pathology.
Changes in the Syphilis Rapid Plasma Reagin Titer Between Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Pandey Katrina , Fairley Christopher K , Chen Marcus Y , Williamson Deborah A , Bradshaw Catriona S , Ong Jason J , Aung Ei T , Chow Eric P F 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer on the day of initial presentation with that on the day of syphilis treatment to inform clinical practice as to whether a repeated RPR test should be recommended.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective study between 1 March 2011 and 31 December 2020 at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia among individuals who underwent syphilis serology on the day of initial presentation and the day of treatment, if the latter were within 14 days after initial presentation. We calculated the percentage of individuals with a ≥4-fold change in RPR titer, stratified by the time between initial presentation and treatment and by syphilis stage.ResultsAmong the 766 included syphilis cases, the median duration between initial presentation and treatment was 6 days (interquartile range, 5–7 days). Of these cases, 14.8% (n = 113) had a ≥4-fold increase or decrease during this interval. The number of cases with a ≥4-fold increase or decrease in RPR titer increased with increasing time between initial presentation and treatment, from 5.7% (n = 6) 1–3 days after initial presentation to 26.2% (n = 27) at 10–14 days (Ptrend &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in the number of cases with a ≥4-fold increase or decrease in RPR titer between syphilis stages (P = .66).ConclusionsOur data support the recommendation of repeating the RPR titer if the day of initial presentation and the day of treatment are different, even when treatment is within a few days after initial presentation.
Disjunctive Total Domination In Harary Graphs
Authors: Çiftçi Canan , Aytaç Vecḋ 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Let $ G $ be a graph. A set $ S $ of vertices in $ G $ is a disjunctive total dominating set of $ G $ if every vertex is adjacent to a vertex of $ S $ or has at least two vertices in $ S $ at distance two from it. The disjunctive total domination number, $ \gamma _t^d(G) $, is the minimum cardinality of such a set. In this paper, we determine disjunctive total domination number of Harary graph $ H_{k,n} $ for all $ k $ and $ n $.
Understanding subjective inequality in China
Authors: Song Xi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRising income inequality is a critical global problem that has rapidly accelerated over the past two decades. Yet most people in China are misinformed about inequality because of the government’s control over media via propaganda and censorship. This paper examines how rising inequality is perceived, publicized, and interpreted in contemporary China, where reporting on inequality is actively framed and consumed in the interests of political stability. Combining automated text analysis of millions of news articles and social media data and metric methods for survey questions on individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and opinions, I test the formation of public misperception of inequality through two interlocking processes. First, during the production of news, Chinese media suppresses and selectively covers some topics related to inequality. Specifically, media outlets under tighter government control tend to cover more news on Chinese political, rural–urban, and historical inequality, and they focus less on educational and economic inequality and western politics. Second, Chinese media also affects individuals’ perceptions about inequality during the consumption of news. Users of state-owned media tend to underestimate the level of inequality compared with users of marketized or social media. These findings call attention to the political roots of the gap between real and perceived inequality.
Iron deficiency and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , von Haehling Stephan , Butler Javed , Cleland John G F , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. Up to 60% of patients with coronary artery disease, and an even higher proportion of those with heart failure (HF) or pulmonary hypertension have ID; the evidence for cerebrovascular disease, aortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation is less robust. The prevalence of ID increases with the severity of cardiac and renal dysfunction and is probably more common amongst women. Insufficient dietary iron, reduced iron absorption due to increases in hepcidin secondary to the low-grade inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and congestion or reduced gastric acidity, and increased blood loss due to anti-thrombotic therapy or gastro-intestinal or renal disease may all cause ID. For older people in the general population and patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), both anaemia and ID are associated with a poor prognosis; each may confer independent risk. There is growing evidence that ID is an important therapeutic target for patients with HFrEF, even if they do not have anaemia. Whether this is also true for other HF phenotypes or patients with cardiovascular disease in general is currently unknown. Randomized trials showed that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose improved symptoms, health-related quality of life and exercise capacity and reduced hospitalizations for worsening HF in patients with HFrEF and mildly reduced ejection fraction (&lt;50%). Since ID is easy to treat and is effective for patients with HFrEF, such patients should be investigated for possible ID. This recommendation may extend to other populations in the light of evidence from future trials.