bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity and accumulation of moxifloxacin in quinolone-susceptible bacteria
Authors: Piddock Laura J. V. , Jin Yu Fang 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin, compared with that of ciprofloxacin, was determined for five strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including one NorA-overproducing strain, two quinolone-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, four quinolone-susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and one strain each of quinolone-susceptible Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella catarrhalis. In addition, the accumulation of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin by the NCTC type strain of S. pneumoniae,H. influenzae,S. aureus,E. coli and P. aeruginosa was determined by a fluorescence method. For all strains, moxifloxacin accumulated to a lower concentration than ciprofloxacin. The concentrations of moxifloxacin accumulated ranged from 12 to 44 ng/mg dry cells. The lowest concentration was accumulated by S. pneumoniae NCTC 7465 and the highest concentration by S. aureus NCTC 8532. Increased expression of norA in S. aureus had no effect on the accumulation of moxifloxacin. Despite differences in the concentration of moxifloxacin accumulated by the different species, there was little difference between the MICs of this agent for each strain (0.06–0.5 mg/L), suggesting that the concentration accumulated by wild-type bacteria has little effect on the MIC.
Optimal treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Nichols Ronald Lee 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) are the main cause of skin and skin structure infections (SSSI). Treatment presents a clinical challenge to the physician, particularly with the increase in multidrug-resistant strains and widespread cross-resistance to antibiotic treatment. Initial treatment of SSSI involves the use of fluoroquinolones or penicillinase-resistant penicillins. If infection is caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, therapy with glycopeptides is warranted. However, in the last few years several cases of infection caused by strains of S. aureuswith reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides have been reported. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is a new streptogramin that has shown efficacy in the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. Two major studies suggest that in the treatment of complicated SSSI, the clinical efficacy of quinupristin/dalfopristin is equivalent to that of vancomycin and/or oxacillin and vancomycin and/or cefazolin.
Development of an age‐adjusted model for blood neurofilament light chain
Authors: Harp Christopher , Thanei Gian‐Andrea , Jia Xiaoming , Kuhle Jens , Leppert David , Schaedelin Sabine , Benkert Pascal , von Büdingen H‐Christian , Hendricks Robert , Herman Ann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an age‐adjustment model for neurofilament light chain (NfL), an emerging injury marker in patients with a range of neurologic conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsSerum and plasma samples were collected from a healthy donor (HD) cohort of 118 individuals aged 24 to 66 years, 90 patients with relapsing MS (RMS) and 22 patients with progressive MS (PMS). Serum and plasma samples were assessed for NfL using the SIMOA assay (Quanterix NfL Advantage Kit™). A log‐linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between NfL and age and to calculate age‐adjusted NfL levels.ResultsHigher serum and plasma NfL levels were significantly associated with increasing HD age. Log‐transformation of blood NfL levels reduced heteroscedasticity and skewness. A log‐linear model enabled adjustment for age‐related increase in serum and plasma NfL levels (2.3% [95% CI, 1.6–2.9] and 2.6% [95% CI, 1.3–3.3] per year, respectively). Following age adjustment, NfL did not show significant association with HD sex or ethnicity. While unadjusted serum NfL levels were elevated in patients with PMS (mean age 56 years) compared with those with RMS (mean age 37 years), age‐adjusted NfL levels did not differ.InterpretationA log‐linear, age adjustment model was developed to enable comparison of NfL levels across populations with different ages. While additional data and evidence are needed for patient‐level adoption, this could be a valuable tool for interpreting NfL levels across a range of patient groups with neurologic conditions.
Fused π‐Extended Multiple‐Resonance Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for High‐Efficiency and Narrowband OLEDs with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Luo Xu‐Feng , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Ma Hui‐Li , Qu Zhong‐Ze , Wang Jie , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous achievement of multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with strong narrowband emission and efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process can further promote the advancement of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a new strategy is proposed to achieve two π‐extended MR‐TADF emitters (NBO and NBNP) peaking at 487 and 500 nm via fusing conjugated high‐triplet‐energy units (carbazole, dibenzofuran) into boron‐nitrogen (B/N) framework, aiming to increase charge transfer delocalization of the B/N skeleton and minimize singlet‐triplet energy gap (∆EST). This strategy endows the two emitters with full width at half maximum of 27 and 29 nm, and high photoluminescence efficiencies above 90% in doped films, respectively. Additionally, considerable rate constants of RISC are obtained due to the small ∆EST (0.12 and 0.09 eV) and large spin‐orbital coupling values. Consequently, the OLEDs based on NBO and NBNP show the maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of up to 26.1% and 28.0%, respectively, accompanied by low‐efficiency roll‐off. These results provide a feasible design strategy to construct efficient MR‐TADF materials for OLEDs with suppressed efficiency roll‐off.
Solution‐Processed CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots/Organic Semiconductor Planar Heterojunctions for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Zhang Xuliang , Chen Ping‐An , Guo Jing , He Mai , Chen Yanqin , Qiu Xincan , Liu Yu , Chen Huajie , Zeng Zebing , Wang Xiao , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli , Liao Lei , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Hu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlanar heterojunctions (PHJs) are fundamental building blocks for construction of semiconductor devices. However, fabricating PHJs with solution‐processable semiconductors such as organic semiconductors (OSCs) is a challenge. Herein, utilizing the orthogonal solubility and good wettability between CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and OSCs, fabrication of solution‐processed PQD/OSC PHJs are reported. The phototransistors based on bilayer PQD/PDVT‐10 PHJs show responsivity up to 1.64 × 104 A W−1, specific detectivity of 3.17 × 1012 Jones, and photosensitivity of 5.33 × 106 when illuminated by 450 nm light. Such high photodetection performance is attributed to efficient charge dissociation and transport, as well as the photogating effect in the PHJs. Furthermore, the tri‐layer PDVT‐10/PQD/Y6 PHJs are used to construct photodiodes working in self‐powered mode, which exhibit broad range photoresponse from ultraviolet to near‐infrared, with responsivity approaching 10−1 A W−1 and detectivity over 106 Jones. These results present a convenient and scalable production processes for solution‐processed PHJs and show their great potential for optoelectronic applications.
Impact of extreme temperatures on production of different rice types: A county‐level analysis for China
Authors: Deng Qinyu , Xie Wei , Wang Ke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe response of China's rice yield to climate change is crucial for ensuring food security for China and the globe. However, previous studies have focused on the impact of climate change on a specific rice type or rice as a whole. For the first time, this study combines a new set of the early, middle, and late rice production data and daily weather data at the county level to comprehensively estimate the heterogeneous yield response to extreme temperatures in China. Along with the projections of future temperature and precipitation, we also forecast the potential yield losses when exposed to higher future warming trends. The results show that holding current growing regions and calendars fixed, the yield of popular middle and late rice types will drop by 5.7% ± 1.5% and 11% ± 4.5% under the most extreme scenario compared to no climate change scenarios by the end of this century (2070–2090 average). These results imply that recent structural changes in favor of producing these popular types of rice may satisfy the demand for high‐quality rice but may also increase the risks of climate change to the food supply in China. Therefore, more efforts should be concentrated on incorporating this type of heterogeneity in climatic impacts into national and regional plans for the agricultural adaptation.
“I just assume they don't know that I'm the doctor”: Gender bias and professional identity development of women residents
Authors: Stavely Taylor , Salhi Bisan A. , Lall Michelle D. , Zeidan Amy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing entry of women into medicine, a traditionally male‐gendered institution, has revealed much about the gendered politics of medical practice. Women are required to negotiate conflicting gender‐normative roles and expectations as they develop their professional identities. Relatively little is known with regard to the study of gender identity and professional development in emergency medicine (EM), with even fewer studies specifically examining women EM residents.MethodsThis was a qualitative, semistructured interview study conducted at the Emory University Emergency Medicine Residency. Women residents in their first, second, and third years of training were recruited for participation through residency listservs. Interviews were completed using a virtual platform until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded by two study investigators. The study team met throughout the process to identify codes and themes from the interviews.ResultsA total of 11 interviews were completed. Participants self‐identified as Black (five), White (two), biracial (two). and South Asian (two) and represented all levels of training. Participants identified challenges to providing clinical care and conveying their competency related to their gender and role as physicians in training. Common challenges included role confusion and questioning of their decisions by both patients and colleagues. They identified other aspects of their identity as facilitators for care delivery, specifically race as a facilitator when caring for race‐concordant patients. Participants described strategies developed to navigate gender‐specific challenges including routinely providing justification for their clinical decisions. Participants also described a need for interventions at the departmental and institutional levels to improve allyship and bystander behaviors.ConclusionWomen residents actively negotiate tensions between their gender and role as physicians and develop multifaceted strategies to address challenges in care delivery. Because residency training is a challenging yet formative time in developing one's professional identity, it is important to consider interventions that support women residents and the unique challenges they face.
Maximizing spring wheat productivity in the eastern Canadian Prairies: I. Yield, yield components, and lodging risk
Authors: Mangin Amy , Brûlé‐Babel Anita , Flaten Don , Wiersma Jochum , Lawley Yvonne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields across the Canadian prairies are rising, however, a yield gap remains between average yield and yield potential, which can be explored further under Prairie conditions. The high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer required for current high‐yielding cultivars may increase lodging risk adding to this yield gap. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of intensive management through N fertilization and plant growth regulator (PGR) application, on grain yield, yield components, and their relationships, in addition to lodging risk. Field trials were conducted at two locations in 2018 and 2019 in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate three high‐yielding spring wheat cultivars, three N management strategies, and the application of a PGR. Kernels per spike had the strongest overall linear relationship with grain yield (r2 = .47), while the response of spikes per plant was highly related to yield response with alterations in N and PGR management practices (r2 = .98). Splitting N fertilizer applications showed potential to reduce lodging risk of spring wheat, while maintaining yield and increasing protein. The PGR applications reduced lodging and increased grain yield by 91 kg ha−1 mainly through increases in kernels per spike. To achieve consistent yield increases, management practices should maximize early season N availability to target increases in spikes per plant and kernels per spike, thus a PGR application may be required to balance increased lodging risk.
Study on the portal ramification pattern of the right anterior sector of the liver and a unique medial branch (PV8c) of the right anterior portal vein
Authors: Ishii Norihiro , Harimoto Norifumi , Kogure Kimitaka , Araki Kenichiro , Hagiwara Kei , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Igarashi Takamichi , Watanabe Akira , Kubo Norio , Shirabe Ken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe concept of Couinaud segmentation is widely used in clinical practice. However, there were no definite anatomical landmarks between segments V and VIII. Therefore, segmentation of the right anterior sector is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the portal segmentation of the right anterior sector using 3D image analysis, and to reveal the existence of the medial branch (PV8c), a unique, characteristic branch of the right anterior portal vein.MethodsThe ramification form and pattern of the tertiary portal branch of the right anterior portal vein were retrospectively analyzed, and the frequency of PV8c was evaluated in 261 patients between January 2016 and June 2020.ResultsThe ramification pattern of tertiary portal branches of the right anterior portal vein was classified into four types: craniocaudal, 28.0% of patients; ventrodorsal, 21.8%; trifurcation, 39.5%; and quadfurcation, 5.7%, and each type was further subdivided into six patterns by focusing especially on the caudal branches. The ramification pattern in the remaining 5.0% of the livers did not belong to the above‐mentioned four types. The PV8c branch was identified in 140 of 261 livers (53.6%); the mean proportion of the feeding area of PV8c in the whole liver volume was 3.4%.ConclusionSince the ramification pattern of tertiary portal branches of the right anterior portal vein does not necessarily show a single pattern, it is important to confirm the portal vein branching in each case during hepatectomy. This is the first study of the details of PV8c by 3D computed tomography.
Polymeric ionic liquid absorbents for n‐butanol recovery from aqueous solution
Authors: Biro Robert , Daugulis Andrew J. , Parent J. Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA wide‐ranging study of imidazolium‐based polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) as absorbents in two‐phase partitioning bioreactor applications is presented, with a particular focus on the removal of n‐butanol from dilute aqueous solutions. The study begins with a description of the synthesis and phase transition temperatures of poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐alkylimidazolium) bromides bearing alkyl groups of different lengths, architecture, and composition, as well as analogs bearing various inorganic and carboxylate anions. Knowledge of polymer structure is used to generate insight into the solute affinity of each PIL, as quantified by the measurements of n‐butanol partition coefficient (PCBuOH) and n‐butanol/water selectivity (αb/w). These equilibrium experiments are extended to create a complete P[(VC12−linIm)(Br)]/n‐BuOH/water ternary phase diagram that is used to propose a streamlined n‐butanol recovery process.
Lüders Bounds of Leggett–Garg Inequalities, PT$\mathcal {PT}$‐ Symmetric Evolution and Arrow‐of‐Time
Authors: Kumari Asmita , Pan A. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeggett–Garg inequalities (LGIs) test the incompatibility between the notion of macrorealism and quantum theory. For unitary dynamics, the optimal quantum violation of a Leggett–Garg inequality is constrained by the Lüders bound. However, the LGIs do not provide the necessary and sufficient condition of macrorealism. A suitably formulated set of no‐signaling in time conditions along with the arrow‐of‐time condition provides the same. In this paper, two formulations in the three‐time Leggett–Garg scenario, are studied namely, the standard LGIs and the recently formulated variant of LGIs when the system evolves under PT‐symmetric Hamiltonian. It is first demonstrated that the quantum violations of both forms of LGIs exceed their respective Lüders bounds and can even reach their algebraic maximum. It is further shown that for the case of standard Leggett–Garg inequality, the violation of Lüders bound can be obtained when both no‐signaling in time and arrow‐of‐time conditions are violated. Interestingly, for the case of a variant of LGIs, for suitable choices of relevant parameters, the quantum violation can even be obtained when only the arrow‐of‐time is violated. However, all no‐signaling in time conditions are satisfied. Such a feature is hitherto unexplored.
Tailoring a Nanochaperone to Regulate α‐Synuclein Assembly
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Ma Feihe , Pan Bin‐Bin , Zhang Yanli , Zhu Lin , Deng Fei , Xu Linlin , Zhao Yu , Yin Xu , Niu Haihong , Su Xun‐Cheng , Shi Linqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein misassembly leads to the formation of dysfunctional and toxic molecular species relating to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we tailored a nanochaperone (αS‐nChap) for α‐synuclein to regulate its assembly. The αS‐nChap is capable of i) specifically recognizing α‐synuclein; ii) dynamically capturing and stabilizing monomeric α‐synuclein and retarding oligomerization; iii) tightly capturing oligomeric α‐synuclein to prevent fibrillization; and iv) transporting α‐synuclein oligomers to the lysosomal degradation system. The regulation of α‐synuclein assembly by αS‐nChap was studied in vitro. Moreover, the role of αS‐nChap preventing α‐synuclein pathology in cells and protecting neurons from apoptosis was investigated. The strategy of tailoring a nanochaperone to regulate aberrant assembly of pathogenic proteins provides important insights into protein misfolding diseases. We foresee that αS‐nChap has therapeutic value for Parkinson's disease.
Study on the performance of a vortex mist eliminator for improving the separation efficiency of fine particles
Authors: Liang Huizhen , Song Hao , Jiang Xiukun , Li Chengzhen , Ma Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the process of natural gas purification, common baffle demister has the problem of low separation efficiency and incomplete separation of fine droplets with the particle size in the range of 5–25 μm. This situation not only affects the quality of natural gas, but also causes corrosion and damage to gas equipment, and even seriously affects normal production. In order to solve these problems, we have carried out an innovative design for its structure. Based on the single‐stage baffle, vortex blades are added at the first straight plate section from the inlet and the second straight plate section in the middle to enhance the turbulent vortex degree and complexity of the flow field in this area and improve the probability of collision of small particles with the wall, thus achieving the purpose of improving the demisting efficiency. In this paper, performance of the new mist eliminator is analyzed and evaluated by means of experimental study and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. The results show that when the flow rate is 3.5–5.5 m/s, total separation efficiency of the new mist eliminator for fine particles with a particle size of 5–25 μm is about 51.72%–86.13%, which is about 38.57%–55.76% higher than ordinary baffled mist eliminator. The separation efficiency of particles with a diameter of 5 μm is about 31.79%, increased about 26.15%. The separation efficiency of particles with a diameter of 10 μm is about 52.09%, increased about 37.21%. In addition, when the flow rate is 3.5–5.5 m/s, the pressure drop is increased by about 41.68–135.97 Pa. It could be concluded that the new type of mist eliminator could effectively improve the demisting efficiency of fine droplets.
Primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adult patient with aphasia: A rare case report
Authors: Ghaemi Kazem , Rajabi‐Moghaddam Mahdieh , Abbaszadeh Hamid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are extremely rare malignancies that commonly affect children and adolescents. Only 10 cases over the age of 33 have been reported. pPNETs have an aggressive behavior and a high tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Here, we present a case of supratentorial pPNET that affected the left frontoparietal lobe of a 36‐year‐old female patient. The patient complained of aphasia during the last 2 months. Aphasia is reported for the first time as a result of a pPNET. In T1‐weighted MRI, a large mass with mixed isointense to hypointense signals was observed. The tumor was completely removed. Histopathologic examination was indicative of a small round cell tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for CD99. Presence of EWSR1 gene rearrangement confirmed the diagnosis. The patient's aphasia was gradually resolved post‐surgery. Six months follow‐up showed no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.
Surgical resection for small bowel obstruction due to right ovarian metastasis after ileocecal resection for cecal cancer: A case report
Authors: Otsuka Naohiko , Shirayama Kimiyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough oophorectomy for ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer is encouraged to improve the prognosis, that is also performed to relieve the symptom such as abdominal distention. We report a surgical case of intestinal obstruction due to ovarian metastasis after ileocecal resection for cecal cancer diagnosed at 77 years old.
Recurrent severe neutropenia following doxycycline use in a young healthy woman
Authors: Foti Michael , Shrimanker Tushaar V. , Hasan Umar N. , Hussein Khalil I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 29‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for fever, pharyngitis, and severe neutropenia after recent use of doxycycline and other antimicrobials. Three years later, she again presented with severe neutropenia after recent doxycycline use. Diagnostic workups were unyielding. This is only the second published case of severe neutropenia associated with doxycycline use.
Adopting a Residual‐Energy‐Based Approach to Calculate the Solubility Parameters of n‐Alkanes
Authors: Khorsand Movaghar Mohammad Reza , Humand Mohammad , Peiro Ahmady Langeroudy Kiana , Khajehvandi Ebrahim , Behnoud Parisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo different paths were followed to calculate the solubility parameters (SP) of 133 alkanes. The first approach calculates SP from the points of view of internal pressure and residual energy, whereby Soave‐Redlich‐Kwong and Peng‐Robinson equations of state (EOSs) are employed with and without the volume‐shift correction. In the second approach, the cohesive energy concept is used and the saturation pressure and saturated liquid molar volume are separately computed by different models and coupled to one another. The results indicated that Approach 1 predicts SP with an error of 2.24 %, which is in the same order as that of Approach 2 but slightly better. The performance of Approach 1 was assessed by estimating the SP values of 33 substances from various families and comparing the results to an EOS‐based study.