bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tradução do artigo Eigenart und Wandlungen physikalischer Erkenntnis (1965) de Paul Feyerabend
Authors: Velloso Rafael 
Published: August 2022

Em 1965 o físico e filósofo austríaco publica um artigo entitulado Eigenart und Wandlungen physikalischer Erkenntnis (Peculiaridade e mudança no conhecimento físico), onde discute como critérios não epistêmicos, como a atitude daqueles que produzem conhecimento, influenciam no desenvolvimento de teorias físicas. O presente trabalho realiza uma tradução deste artigo de 1965, precedida de uma breve apresentação, onde é discutido como critérios como a atitude, a especulação filosófica e a pluralidade de ideias são questões importantes no pensamento de Feyerabend, nas quais ele vinha trabalhando desde seu primeira publicação profissional, em 1948.
Lifestyle habits in Saudi adolescents with diagnosed diabetes: An opportunity for health promotion
Authors: Nasrallah Mona , Tamim Hani , Mailhac Aurelie , AlBuhairan Fadia 
Published: August 2022

Aims
This study assessed lifestyle and health behavior habits among a representative sample of Saudi adolescents with self-reported diabetes and compared them to non-diabetic peers.

Methods
This was a nested case-control study, from the Jeeluna cohort, a nationwide, cross-sectional study of 12,575 Saudi boys and girls aged 10–19 years. Non-diabetic adolescents were matched to those with diabetes on a ratio of 4:1 based on age, gender and region. Retained information from the original study included: socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, tobacco/substance use, screen use, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory results.

Results
The prevalence of diabetes was 0.7% (n = 87). Overall, 65% of diabetic participants were males, and 22.4% aged ≤14 years. Overall, both groups had low rates of healthful habits in their diet and physical activity. Both groups had similar rates of tobacco use, and high digital screen time. Adolescents with diabetes had more consistent sleeping pattern, were more likely to be on a diet, thought they spent enough time with their physician and obtained medical information more often from their health clinic. They were also more likely to feel down and to chat more often.

Conclusion
Adolescents with diabetes remain far from guideline targets but seem predisposed to better lifestyle and have more access to health as compared to their non-diabetic peers.
Speech recognition can help evaluate shared decision making and predict medication adherence in primary care setting
Authors: Topaz Maxim , Zolnoori Maryam , Norful Allison A. , Perrier Alexis , Kostic Zoran , George Maureen 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Asthma is a common chronic illness affecting 19 million US adults. Inhaled corticosteroids are a safe and effective treatment for asthma, yet, medication adherence among patients remains poor. Shared decision-making, a patient activation strategy, can improve patient adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. This study aimed to explore whether audio-recorded patient-primary care provider encounters can be used to: 1. Evaluate the level of patient-perceived shared decision-making during the encounter, and 2. Predict levels of patient’s inhaled corticosteroid adherence.

Materials and methods
Shared decision-making and inhaled corticosteroid adherence were assessed using the SDM Questionnaire-9 and the Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma (MARS-A). Speech-to-text algorithms were used to automatically transcribe 80 audio-recorded encounters between primary care providers and asthmatic patients. Machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree) were applied to achieve the study’s predictive goals.

Results
The accuracy of automated speech-to-text transcription was relatively high (ROUGE F-score = .9). Machine learning algorithms achieved good predictive performance for shared decision-making (the highest F-score = .88 for the Naive Bayes) and inhaled corticosteroid adherence (the highest F-score = .87 for the Support Vector Machines).

Discussion
This was the first study that trained machine learning algorithms on a dataset of audio-recorded patient-primary care provider encounters to successfully evaluate the quality of SDM and predict patient inhaled corticosteroid adherence.

Conclusion
Machine learning approaches can help primary care providers identify patients at risk for poor medication adherence and evaluate the quality of care by measuring levels of shared decision-making. Further work should explore the replicability of our results in larger samples and additional health domains.
Effect of a standardized maternal meal on fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices: A single-blinded crossover study
Authors: Zahid Saba Muneer , Opheim Gun Lisbet , Henriksen Tore , Michelsen Trond Melbye , Haugen Guttorm 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMeasures of Doppler blood flow velocity profiles are an integral part of monitoring fetal well-being during pregnancy. These examinations are performed at different times of the day and at different maternal meal states. In uncomplicated pregnancies, we assessed the effect of a standardized maternal meal on middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler blood flow velocity pulsatility indices (PIs) and MCA peak systolic velocity (PSV).MethodsIn this prospective single-blinded crossover study 25 healthy women were examined at 36 weeks of pregnancy. The first examination was performed in the morning following overnight fast, and repeated after extended fast (state A), and after a standard breakfast meal (state B).ResultsIrrespective of maternal prandial status, the MCA-PI values were lower in the 2ndcompared to the 1stexamination (-0.187; p = 0.071, and -0.113; p = 0.099, state A and B, respectively). Compared to the values in the 1stexamination, the UA-PI values, were higher after extended fast (0.014; p = 0.436), and lower post-prandially (-0.036; p = 0.070). The difference (state B minus state A) between the meal states were not significant (0.074; p = 0.487 and -0.050; p = 0.058, for MCA-PI and UA-PI, respectively). Adjusting for the possible influence of fetal heart rate on MCA-PI and UA-PI, the differences between meal states remained non-significant (p = 0.179, p = 0.064, respectively). The MCA-PSV values increased after the meal (6.812; p = 0.035), whereas no increase was observed following extended fast (0.140; p = 0.951). The difference in MCA-PSV values between the two meal states was not significant (6.672; p = 0.055).ConclusionOur results demonstrate possible diurnal variations in MCA-PI and UA-PI, with and without adjustment for fetal heart rate, that seem to be unaffected by maternal meal intake in healthy pregnancies.
Cognitive impairment, frailty and rehabilitation outcome in older cardiorespiratory patients. DEC_FRAinRIAB: Study protocol
Authors: Vigorè Martina , Granata Nicolò , Braga Simona Sarzi , Piaggi Giancarlo , Audifreddi Silvia , Ferrari Marina , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Pierobon Antonia 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two clinical conditions often associated with functional worsening, cognitive dysfunctions, treatment non-adherence, psychological distress and poor quality of life (QoL). In addition, since patients suffering from these conditions are often older adults, the presence of frailty syndrome could worsen the clinical situation.Methods and designThis study protocol of a prospective multi-center clinical trial, will be conducted at two hospitals of the Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS group, from July 2020 until December 2022. CHF and COPD older patients (age ≥65) will undergo a multidisciplinary assessment at admission, discharge and at 6 months follow-up, from an inpatient rehabilitation program: disease-related clinical characteristics, functional variables, cognitive screening, treatment adherence, anxiety, depression, QoL and frailty. The estimated sample size will consist of 300 patientsDiscussionThe expected results are related to the possibility of an improvement in the areas of intervention after the rehabilitative program and the maintenance of these improvements over time. The assessment of clinical and functional status, cognitive impairment, treatment adherence, psychosocial characteristics, and frailty could provide more specific and useful information about the main features to be considered in the evaluation and treatment of older patients suffering from CHF and COPD undergoing a rehabilitative pathway.Trial registrationThe study has been registered on January 28, 2022 with the ClinicalTrials.govNCT05230927registration number (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05230927).
Glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose tests in the screening of outpatients for diabetes and abnormal glucose regulation in Uganda: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Kasujja Francis Xavier , Mayega Roy William , Daivadanam Meena , Kiracho Elizabeth Ekirapa , Kusolo Ronald , Nuwaha Fred 
Published: August 2022

Background and objectivesTo understand the utility of glycated haemoglobin (HBA1C) in screening for diabetes and Abnormal Glucose Regulation (AGR) in primary care, we compared its performance to that of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test.MethodsThis was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted in eastern Uganda. Patients eligible for inclusion were consecutive adults, 30–75 years, receiving care at the outpatient department of a general hospital in eastern Uganda. We determined the sensitivity, specificity and optimum cut-off points for HBA1Cand FPG tests using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a clinical reference standard.ResultsA total of 1659 participants underwent FPG testing of whom 310 were also HBA1Cand OGTT tested. A total of 113 tested positive for diabetes and 168 for AGR on the OGTT. At recommended cut-off points for diabetes, the HBA1Cand FPG tests had comparable sensitivity [69.8% (95% CI 46.3–86.1) versus 62.6% (95% CI 41.5–79.8), respectively] and specificity [98.6% (95% CI 95.4–99.6) versus 99.4% (95% CI 98.9–99.7), respectively]. Similarly, the sensitivity of HBA1Cand the FPG tests for Abnormal Glucose Regulation (AGR) at ADA cut-offs were comparable [58.9% (95% CI 46.7–70.2) vs 47.7% (95% CI 37.3–58.4), respectively]; however, the HBA1Ctest had lower specificity [70.7% (95% CI 65.1–75.8)] than the FPG test [93.5% (95% CI 88.6–96.4)]. At the optimum cut-offs points for diabetes [45.0 mmol/mol (6.3%) for HBA1Cand 6.4 mmol/L (115.2 mg/dl) for FPG], HBA1Cand FPG sensitivity [71.2% (95% CI 46.9–87.8) versus 72.7% (95% CI 49.5–87.8), respectively] and specificity [95.1% (95% CI91.8 97.2) versus 98.7% (95% CI 98.0 99.2), respectively] were comparable. Similarly, at the optimum cut-off points for AGR [42.0 mmol/mol (6.0%) for the HBA1Cand 5.5 mmol/l (99.0 mg/dl) for the FPG test], HBA1Cand FPG sensitivity [42.3% (95% CI 31.8–53.6) and 53.2 (95% CI 43.1–63.1), respectively] and specificity [89.1% (95% CI 84.1 92.7) and 92.7% (95% CI 91.0 94.1), respectively] were comparable.DiscussionHBA1Cis a viable alternative diabetes screening and confirmatory test to the FPG test; however, the utility of both tests in screening for prediabetes in this outpatient population is limited.
Active ageing profiles among older adults in Spain: A Multivariate analysis based on SHARE study
Authors: Rojo-Perez Fermina , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Vicente , Molina-Martinez Maria-Angeles , Fernandez-Mayoralas Gloria , Sanchez-Gonzalez Diego , Rojo-Abuin Jose-Manuel , Ayala Alba , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Calderon-Larrañaga Amaia , Ribeiro Oscar , Forjaz Maria-João 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundFollowing the active ageing model based on the Health, Lifelong Learning, Participation and Security pillars, this research has a twofold objective: i) to classify older adults according to active ageing profiles, taking into account the four pillars, and ii) to ascertain the relationship between the profiles and personal and contextual factors, as well as well-being and quality of life in old age.MethodsA study sample of 5,566 Spanish older adults who participated in wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was included. Data were analysed in different steps applying several statistical analyses (Principal Component, Cluster, Discriminant, Multiple Correspondence and bivariate analysis with Pearson chi-square and ANOVA).ResultsFive older adult profiles were obtained (I: with moderate activity; II: quasi-dependents; III: with active ageing-limiting conditions; IV: with diverse and balanced activity; V: with excellent active ageing conditions). The first three profiles were characterised by subjects with a high average age, low educational level, who were retired or housewives, and who perceived a moderate level of loneliness, satisfaction with the social network and quality of life, as well as having a larger family network, but living in small households or alone. In contrast, the latter two profiles showed better personal and contextual conditions, well-being and quality of life.Discussion and conclusionsThe multidimensional approach to active ageing followed in this article has revealed the presence of several older adult profiles, which are confined to groups with better or worse active ageing conditions. In this context, if ageing is a process that reflects the previous way of life, intervention priorities will have to consider actions that promote better conditions during the life cycle.
Perfil de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes brasileiros: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Health-Related Fitness Profile in Brazilian Adolescents: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Sobral Hildeberto Dutra , Correia Júnior Jânio Luiz , Duda Maria Beatriz Farias , Gonçalves Marina Pereira , Cardoso Mirian Domingos , Dias Ricardo De Freitas 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura, conhecer e compreender o perfil de aptidão física relacionada a saúde em adolescentes, destacando aspectos predominantes que impulsionam quadros negativos na saúde. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed; Scielo; Lilacs e Medline. Foram incluídos artigos de ensaios clínicos randomizados, nos idiomas inglês e português, publicados no período de 2017 a 2021, com limite de idade (10 anos – 19 anos). Resultados: Observou-se uma falta de consenso nos protocolos utilizados para avaliação da aptidão física dos adolescentes; fatores que contribuem negativamente para aptidão física do adolescente Brasileiro, sendo hábitos alimentares inadequados, falta de atividade física, tempo de tela (tempo gasto em frente à TV, computador, celular). Conclusão: A aptidão física é importante para o cotidiano, e diante dos resultados apresentados pelos artigos selecionados, observa-se que não influencia somente o físico do adolescente, mas seu rendimento cognitivo. Abstract: The aim of this article was to review the literature, to know and understand the health-related fitness profile in adolescents, highlighting predominant aspects that drive negative health pictures. Searches were performed in PubMed electronic databases; Scielo; Lilacs and Medline. Articles from randomized clinical trials, in English and Portuguese, published from 2017 to 2021, with age limit (10 years – 19 years) were included. There was a lack of consensus in the protocols used to assess the physical fitness of adolescents; factors that contribute negatively to the physical fitness of Brazilian adolescents, such as inadequate eating habits, lack of physical activity, screen time (time spent in front of TV, computer, cell phone). Physical fitness is important for everyday life, and in view of the results presented by the selected articles, it is observed that it does not only influence the physique of adolescents, but their cognitive performance.Keywords: Adolescent; Physical aptitude; Health.
Dynamic Analysis On Export, FDI and Growth in Indonesia: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model
Authors: Kurniawan Mahrus Lutfi Adi , A'yun Indanazulfa Qurrota 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to test the export-led-growth (ELG) hypothesis in Indonesia after the implementation of trade liberalization and analyze the relevance of policies that can be taken by the government. The data used in this study is time series data from 1970- 2020. The analysis method of this research uses the Autoregressive Distributed LagÂ (ARDL) model by applying three models. Model 1 shows that in the short term the ELG hypothesis is proven valid but in the long term the ELG hypothesis is invalid in Indonesia. This is reinforced in model 2 in both of short and long term that real GDP is insignificant to real exports. In the long term, model 2 shows that real exports have a positive effect on FDI and vice versa in model 3 that real GDP has no effect on FDI. The implementation of the results illustrates to policy makers that strong economic growth can attract export capabilities in Indonesia, but policies that are based on economic growth have vulnerabilities to global dynamics that can affect export activities and the investment climate in Indonesia, so export market diversification policies need to be implemented to be able to reach a wider market. From the investment side, it is necessary to carry out structural reforms (such as policies, financial systems, and infrastructure development) so that there is certainty forÂ foreign investors to invest in Indonesia.
Role of protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) in the glomerular filtration barrier integrity
Authors: Medipally Ajay , Xiao Min , Biederman Laura , Satoskar Anjali A. , Ivanov Iouri , Rovin Brad , Parikh Samir , Kerlin Bryce A. , Brodsky Sergey V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtease‐activated receptors (PAR) play an important role in the regulation of cellular function by the coagulation system, and they are activated by thrombin. PAR‐1 is expressed in both endothelial cells and podocytes in the kidney. The role of PAR1 in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier is not clear. Anticoagulant‐related nephropathy (ARN) is a kidney disease with glomerular hematuria and red blood cell tubular casts. We validated 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) in rats as a model of ARN and had demonstrated that direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) induces ARN. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PAR‐1 in the ARN pathogenesis. 5/6NE rats were treated with dabigatran (150 mg/kg/day), PAR‐1 inhibitor SCH79797 (1 and 3 mg/kg/day) and PAR‐1 agonist TFLLR‐NH2 (0.25 and 0.50 µmol/kg/day) for 7 days. Serum creatinine and hematuria were assessed daily. Kidney morphology was evaluated at the end of the study. In 5/6NE rats treated with either dabigatran or combination with a PAR‐1 modulator, there was an elevation in serum creatinine, glomerular hematuria, red blood casts in the tubules, and acute tubular epithelial cell injury. Interestingly, both PAR‐1 modulators in a dose‐depended manner had similar effects on the serum creatinine levels and hematuria as those of dabigatran. Dabigatran‐induced increase in the systolic blood pressure was not affected by PAR‐1 modulators. In conclusion, the normal function of PAR‐1 is crucial to maintain the glomerular filtration barrier integrity. Either activation or blockage of PAR‐1 leads to glomerular hematuria and subsequent acute tubular epithelial cell injury.
The effect of Urtica dioica extract on oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, and brain histopathology in multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Namazi Fatemeh , Bordbar Elnaz , Bakhshaei Farnoosh , Nazifi Saeed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) results from the destruction of myelin and focal inflammation. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica on oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, and brain histopathology in multiple sclerosis model. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups of 10. Groups included positive control, negative control, and treatment groups with U. dioica extract at a dose of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 21 days (three times a week). The MS model was developed by a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone for 6 weeks. A section of brains was evaluated with Luxol Fast Blue staining and the other part evaluated with heat shock protein (HSP) kits 60 and 70, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In sections of corpus callosum, the highest amount of myelin was observed in the negative controls, while the use of cuprizone in the positive controls caused the destruction and reduction of myelin. The use of U. dioica extract in therapeutic groups except at a dose of 50 mg/kg could reduce myelin degradation to some extent and lead to remyelination. However, myelin levels in treatment groups were not significantly different from any of the negative and positive controls. Although HSP60 decreased in the treatment groups, there was no significant difference between the positive and negative controls. Treatment with this extract significantly reduced the amount of HSP70 compared with the positive controls. The decreased TAC and increased MDA in positive controls indicated oxidative stress, respectively. Furthermore, the extract led to an increase and decrease of TAC and MDA in the treatment groups, respectively. However, only the MDA level was significantly different from that of the positive controls. Therefore, the antioxidant effects of U. dioica extract could decrease cuprizone‐induced oxidative stress and be effective in improving demyelination.
Rats with high aerobic capacity display enhanced transcriptional adaptability and upregulation of bile acid metabolism in response to an acute high‐fat diet
Authors: Stierwalt Harrison D. , Morris E. Matthew , Maurer Adrianna , Apte Udayan , Phillips Kathryn , Li Tiangang , Meers Grace M. E. , Koch Lauren G. , Britton Steven L. , Graf Greg , Rector R. Scott , Mercer Kelly , Shankar Kartik , Thyfault John P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRats selectively bred for the high intrinsic aerobic capacity runner (HCR) or low aerobic capacity runner (LCR) show pronounced differences in susceptibility for high‐fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet‐induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, replicating the protective effect of high aerobic capacity in humans. We have previously shown multiple systemic differences in energy and substrate metabolism that impacts steatosis between HCR and LCR rats. This study aimed to investigate hepatic‐specific mechanisms of action via changes in gene transcription. Livers of HCR rats had a greater number of genes that significantly changed in response to 3‐day HFHS compared with LCR rats (171 vs. 75 genes: >1.5‐fold, p < 0.05). HCR and LCR rats displayed numerous baseline differences in gene expression while on a low‐fat control diet (CON). A 3‐day HFHS diet resulted in greater expression of genes involved in the conversion of excess acetyl‐CoA to cholesterol and bile acid (BA) synthesis compared with the CON diet in HCR, but not LCR rats. These results were associated with higher fecal BA loss and lower serum BA concentrations in HCR rats. Exercise studies in rats and mice also revealed higher hepatic expression of cholesterol and BA synthesis genes. Overall, these results suggest that high aerobic capacity and exercise are associated with upregulated BA synthesis paired with greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and BA, an effect that may play a role in protection against hepatic steatosis in rodents.