bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and fatigue strength of A356 alloy castings refined on the surface by rapid crystallization
Authors: Orłowicz A. W. , Mróz M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of the microstructure on the fatigue strength of A356 alloy castings with a surface refined through rapid crystallization has been investigated. The refinement of the structure, in order to improve the fatigue strength of the alloy surface, was accomplished with an electric arc plasma. The surface fusions were made in helium atmosphere by changing the welding current intensity from 100 to 300 A and the arc advance speed from 200 to 600 mm/min. The rapid crystallization reduced the parameters 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 of the 𝜆 phase dendrites and 𝜆E of the eutectic, compared to the initial material. The parameter 𝜆E changed by a factor of nearly 3. The structural refinement was determined by the amount of heat input into the fusion area. The fatigue strength increased with decreasing values of the λ parameters of the structure.
Fatigue crack propagation in pseudoelastic TiNi smart microcomponents
Authors: Filip Peter , Paliwal Manish , Mazanec Karel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation in pseudoelastic TiNi thin strips are similar in air, physiological 0.9 NaCl, and aerated Hank’s solution, when tested at 40 °C and a loading frequency of 15 Hz. The threshold values △K
th, the Paris-Erdogan exponents, and the maximum applied △K at instability prior to failure were found to be similar for all three environments. In a good correlation with finite element analysis, B19’martensite forms at the crack tip during cycling with applied external loads significantly lower than the critical stress required for stress-induced phase transformation. Formation of martensite may be eliminated due to work hardening at the crack tip, which contrasts with former assumptions. Cracks typically propagate by bridging the crack tip with microvoids formed in front of the advancing crack at locations with maximum stress intensity. TiNi thin strips exhibited a lower fatigue crack growth resistance when compared to data previously published for bulky TiNi.
Thermodynamics of grain boundary adsorption in binary systems with limited solubility
Authors: Bokstein Boris S. , Rodin Alexey O. , Smirnov Andrey N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A thermodynamic analysis of grain boundary adsorption is presented. From the thermodynamic model developed it follows that in binary polycrystals with identical grain boundaries at some conditions three phases can coexist in equilibrium below the solidus temperature.
The model predicts that two solid solutions in the grain and in the grain boundaries coexist below some critical value,

X
2
*

$X_2^*$

, of solute concentration in the grain. At

X
2
*

$X_2^*$

, a compositional phase transition occurs in the GB which is accompanied by a gap in the adsorption isotherm, a change of the slope of the GB tension isotherm, and the formation of a new 2D grain boundary phase.
It is shown for three systems (Cu–Sb, Fe –P, and Sn–Bi) that the compositions of the GB phase and the phase in the grain are in close agreement with the predictions.
On the three-dimensional twin-limited microstructure
Authors: Gertsman Valéry Y. , Reed Bryan W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grain boundary networks consisting entirely of Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries (twin-limited microstructures) are analyzed. Analyses of thought examples and theoretical considerations show that there are fundamental differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional networks. The notion of the upper limit of the fraction of Σ3 boundaries is reassessed, and implications for the concept of grain boundary engineering are discussed.
Grain boundary mobility under a stored-energy driving force: a comparison to curvature-driven boundary migration
Authors: Taheri M. L. , Molodov D. , Gottstein G. , Rollett A. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grain boundary mobility has been measured in high-purity aluminum alloyed with 0.03 wt.% Zr using energy stored during plastic deformation as a driving force. In general, the dependence of mobility on grain boundary character was similar to that observed by previous authors with a maximum in mobility in the vicinity of the ∑7 type (38°<111>). The exact location of the mobility maximum varied, however, with temperature in a manner similar to that observed for curvature-driven mobility measurements. Although <111> tilt boundaries exhibit high mobilities in general, the single peak at the ∑7 position at low temperatures changes to a double peak at high temperatures with a local minimum at ∑7. The combination of mobility variation and the thermal activation analysis of the results points to a compensation temperature effect. All these results suggest that grain boundary mobility is a true material property.
Solid state infiltration of porous steel with aluminium by the forcefill process
Authors: Estrin Y. , Rabkin E. , Hellmig R. J. , Kazakevich M. , Zi A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report first results on producing a metal – metal composite by forcing solid aluminium to fill a porous steel preform. This process is akin to forcefill used for filling of vias when producing metallic interconnects in microelectronics. Using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it was shown that for nominal pore size as small as 100 μm, the pores could be filled with aluminium throughout the entire preform used, thus demonstrating the viability of the process. An interesting aspect of this solid state ‘infiltration’ is that the tortuous random paths taken by the plastically flowing Al involve numerous kinks. Some of them may induce large localised shear deformation similar to that produced by equal channel angular pressing, which is used to fabricate bulk ultra-fine-grained materials. It is, therefore, conjectured that towards the exit end of the channels the infiltrating material may develop an ultra-fine grain structure and exhibit enhanced strength. It is suggested that the process described can be used to produce metal– metal (or ceramic – metal) composites with unusual mechanical properties. Thin fibres of the material that has percolated through the porous preform can be expected to have a sub-micron grain structure and to possess improved mechanical properties.
Comparison between conventional Vickers hardness and indentation hardness obtained with different instruments
Authors: Chudoba T. , Griepentrog M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An extensive comparison between the conventional Vickers hardness at 500 mN and indentation hardness measured with Vickers indenters at 500 mN is presented for up to 20 different materials and for three different instruments. Additionally, the indentation modulus is compared to Young’s modulus, which was measured with alternative methods or taken from the literature. It is shown that the agreement between the results from depth-sensing indentation and the reference values can be improved by additional corrections, for the calculation of the indentation area. With corrections the mean hardness difference to the Vickers hardness reference as average of all investigated materials can be reduced to about 10 % although disturbing pile-up or sink-in effects can still not be considered. For the modulus, the mean difference was only about 6 %.
A review on the reverse analysis for the extraction of mechanical properties using instrumented Vickers indentation
Authors: Pintaúde G. , Cuppari M. G. di V. , Schön C. G. , Sinatora A. , Souza R. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work presents a review on recent methodologies for the analysis of data obtained through instrumented indentation testing. Experimental tests, using a Vickers indenter, were carried out on low-carbon and bearing steels and indents were later analyzed in a laser interferometer. The results were used to verify the accuracy of methods proposed to predict the indentation morphology, pile-up or sink-in, and the accuracy of routines proposed to extract the mechanical properties of the indented materials. The occurrence of pile-up in all tested materials indicated that models may fail in predicting this behavior and, consequently, in determining the yield stress and strain-hardening exponent.
A corpus-based approach to mind style
Authors: McIntyre Dan , Archer Dawn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fowler's (Linguistics and the novel, Methuen, 1977) original definition of mind style emphasised consistency as a defining feature of the phenomenon, something that is (i) difficult to measure, and (ii) often missed in qualitative analyses. In this paper we investigate how a computational semantic analysis might be used to address this difficulty, with particular reference to McIntyre's (Journal of Literary Semantics 34: 21–40, 2005) analysis of the deviant mind style of the character of Miss Shepherd in Alan Bennett's play The Lady in the Van. To do this we analyse the speech of all the characters in The Lady in the Van using Wmatrix (Rayson, Matrix: A statistical method and software tool for linguistic analysis through corpus comparison, Lancaster University PhD thesis, 2003, Wmatrix: A web-based corpus processing environment, Lancaster University, 2008), to see whether it provides quantitative support for the interpretative conclusions reached by McIntyre. Wmatrix utilises the UCREL Semantic Annotation System (USAS) which has been designed to undertake the automatic semantic analysis of English. The initial tag-set of the USAS system was loosely based on McArthur's Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English (McArthur, Longman, 1981), but has since been considerably revised in the light of practical tagging problems met in the course of previous research, and now contains 232 category labels (such as
medicine and medical treatment, movement, obligation and necessity
, etc.). We use Wmatrix's facility for identifying key semantic domains in pursuit of our two main aims: (i) to determine whether Miss Shepherd's odd mind style is consistent, as Fowler's definition suggests it should be; and (ii) to determine the usefulness of computational semantic analysis for investigating mind style.
Justifying and Categorizing Tort Doctrines: What is the Optimal Level of Generality?
Authors: Simons Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the issue of generality and tort law from two directions. First, when common law judges offer justifications of tort doctrine, what is the appropriate level of generality or specificity of those justifying principles and policies? Second, when judges identify and refine tort doctrines, what is the appropriate level of generality or specificity of the doctrines themselves? With respect to the first issue, Stephen A. Smith has argued that judges ordinarily do, and should, invoke only “intermediate” justifications for their decisions (such as dignity, fairness, or reasonableness), rather than “foundational” ones (such as utilitarianism or corrective justice). Smith’s argument has some purchase: intermediate principles indeed do and should play a prominent role in common law decision-making. However, foundational principles can legitimately play a more significant role than Smith suggests, especially if they are pluralistic. And intermediate principles are sometimes too vacuous to operate as genuine justifications. With respect to the second issue, Stephen D. Sugarman and Caitlin Boucher have proposed that numerous torts that might be characterized as “dignitary” torts should be merged into a single “unifying” tort, the tort of wrongfully harming another’s dignity in a highly offensive way. The authors plausibly argue that courts have not paid sufficient attention to gaps and arbitrary distinctions between these torts. However, their more radical claim that one uber-tort should replace all “dignitary” torts is not persuasive. Torts as distinct as battery, false imprisonment, intrusion into a private place, and malicious prosecution reflect distinct wrongs and should not be supplanted by a single tort prohibiting wrongful and highly offensive conduct. The analysis offered in this essay is informed by many examples from the Restatement Third, Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons, for which I have served as co-Reporter or Reporter.
Green synthesis of nanoparticles for varied applications: Green renewable resources and energy-efficient synthetic routes
Authors: Madani Mohamed , Hosny Shimaa , Alshangiti Dalal Mohamed , Nady Norhan , Alkhursani Sheikha A. , Alkhaldi Huda , Al-Gahtany Samera Ali , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Gaber Ghalia A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study presents an outline of the 12 principles of green relevance in nanomaterial synthesis. The goal of using green renewable resources is to protect the environment from negative effects, which can be achieved via several main directions, including the choice of innocuous solvents, such as supercritical (SC) fluids or water, and/or additives (i.e. stabilizers, capping, and reducing agents) such as polysaccharides, using alternative reaction circumstances, and the development of energy-efficient synthetic methods. This review shows how different green renewable resources routes are reducing the impact of chemical processes on the environment and how their benefit can be achieved in nanotechnology applications such as green energy.
Efficacious nanomedicine track toward combating COVID-19
Authors: Mohammed Sameh A. , Shaaban Esraa Ibrahim A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has become one of the catastrophic health emergencies that could threaten public health worldwide through several hospitalizations and thousands of deaths, leading to boosting global concern intensive precautionary measurements. The clinical and research trials are ongoing for developing several diagnostic tools, antiviral therapeutics, and vaccines versus COVID-19 infectiousness. This review argues the recent nanomedical progress and efficient nanomedicine applications and highlights relevant challenges and considerations of nano-based materials for combating COVID-19 infectiousness and severity. Eventually, we also provide futuristic avenues and perspectives paving the way to explore outstanding solutions for SARS-CoV-2 control and eradication.
Mechanical performance of a CFRP composite reinforced via gelatin-CNTs: A study on fiber interfacial enhancement and matrix enhancement
Authors: Zeng Lijian , Tao Wenwu , Zhao Junjie , Li Yichao , Li Renfu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of a bio-surfactant gelatin-modified carbon nanotubes (g-CNTs) on the fiber interfacial property and matrix performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite. Transverse fiber bundle test (TFBT) and in situ three-point bending test were conducted to analyze the fiber/matrix interfacial normal strength (IFNS) and bulk mechanical performance of the CNTs–CFRP composite. The results showed that g-CNTs have superb affinity and uniformity wrapping on the surface of carbon fiber via 2 min electrophoretic deposition (EPD) under a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and a voltage strength of 10 V/cm, resulting in an increase of 40.3% of IFNS and 22.1%/25.3% of flexural strength/modulus of CFRP composites. Meanwhile, g-CNTs can also evenly distribute in the resin matrix with an improvement of 12.6% of IFNS and 20.3%/11.4% of flexural strength/modulus of CFRP composites under 0.1 wt% loading. This study provides a mechanism basis for the subsequent introduction of g-CNTs for the development of advanced CNT-reinforced CFRP composite.
Seabed mining and blue growth: exploring the potential of marine mineral deposits as a sustainable source of rare earth elements (MaREEs) (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Sakellariadou Fani , Gonzalez Francisco J. , Hein James R. , Rincón-Tomás Blanca , Arvanitidis Nikolaos , Kuhn Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The expected growth of the global economy and the projected rise in world population call for a greatly increased supply of materials critical for implementing clean technologies, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and other rare metals. Because the demand for critical metals is increasing and land-based mineral deposits are being depleted, seafloor resources are seen as the next frontier for mineral exploration and extraction. Marine mineral deposits with a great resource potential for transition, rare, and critical metals include mainly deep-sea mineral deposits, such as polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, phosphorites, and rare earth element-rich muds. Major areas with economic interest for seabed mineral exploration and mining are the following: nodules in the Penrhyn Basin-Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Clarion–Clipperton nodule Zone, Peru Basin nodules, and the Central Indian Ocean Basin; seafloor massive sulfide deposits in the exclusive economic zones of Papua New Guinea, Japan, and New Zealand as well as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the three Indian Ocean spreading ridges; cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific Prime Crust Zone and the Canary Islands Seamounts and the Rio Grande Rise in the Atlantic Ocean; and the rare earth element-rich deep-sea muds around Minamitorishima Island in the equatorial North Pacific. In addition, zones for marine phosphorites exploration are located in Chatham Rise, offshore Baja California, and on the shelf off Namibia. Moreover, shallow-water resources, like placer deposits, represent another marine source for many critical minerals, metals, and gems. The main concerns of deep-sea mining are related to its environmental impacts. Ecological impacts of rare earth element mining on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly evaluated. Furthermore, marine mining may cause conflicts with various stakeholders such as fisheries, communications cable owners, offshore wind farms, and tourism. The global ocean is an immense source of food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and ecosystem services and suffers seriously by multiple stressors from anthropogenic sources. The development of a blue economy strategy needs a better knowledge of the environmental impacts. By protecting vulnerable areas, applying new technologies for deep-sea mineral exploration and mining, marine spatial planning, and a regulatory framework for minerals extraction, we may achieve sustainable management and use of our oceans.
Abundant accurate analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the positive Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Zhao Dexu , Attia Raghda A. M. , Tian Jian , Salama Samir A. , Lu Dianchen , Khater Mostafa M. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research article examines the correctness of two new analytical methods for solving the internal solitary waves of shallow seas. To get the computational solutions to the positive (2 + 1)-dimensional Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili model, the extended simplest equation and modified Kudryashov methods are used. Numerous new traveling wave solutions in various forms are developed in order to assess the starting conditions required for the variational iteration technique, one of the most accurate semi-analytical methods. The semi-analytical solutions are used to demonstrate the precision of the solutions obtained and the analytical methods employed. The dynamical behavior of internal solitary waves in shallow waters is shown using many three-dimensional drawings. The performance of the used schemes demonstrates their efficacy and power, as well as their capacity to handle a large number of nonlinear evolution equations.
Potential applicability of Schiff bases and their metal complexes during COVID-19 pandemic – a review
Authors: Aggarwal Nidhi , Maji Suman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid growth and revolution in the area of emerging therapeutics has been able to save the life of millions of patients globally. Besides these developments, the microbes are consistently struggling for their own survival and hence becoming quite more sturdy and incurable to existing drugs. Covid-19 virus and Black Fungus are recent examples of failure of medical preparations and strength of these viruses beyond the imagination of medical practitioners. Henceforth the study has made an extensive survey of exiting literature on heterocyclic schiff bases and their transition metal complexes to look for their potential applicability as antimicrobial agents. The inherent physiognomies of the essential properties of these transition metal complexes including thermodynamic, kinetic and chelating are comparatively modifiable as per requirements. The study has found that the biological applications of these transition metal complexes are well suited to be used as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Languaging dynamics of classroom interactivity: a distributed view of the pedagogic recontextualization in L2 tertiary settings
Authors: Shi Dan , Thibault Paul J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current study investigates classroom interactivity in L2 tertiary literature classrooms in Hong Kong and Taiwan when ESL/EFL students engage with and interpret literary texts in classroom talk as a pedagogic process of text recontextualization. It proposes a more ecological-based approach to language and languaging dynamics that is complementary to current social semiotic approaches to multimodality. It also aims to open up a more embodied analysis of the meaning-making process in tertiary literature classrooms. The multimodal investigation of real-time classroom interactivity based on a multi-scalar approach showcases an embodied coordination of vocalization and gesticulation as integral aspects of the dynamic whole-body sense-making activity that arises in the pedagogic process of text recontextualization. The dynamics vary from students’ solo speech in individual presentation to teacher–student interactions in group discussion and to student–student interactions in role-play. The distributed language view of first-order languaging dynamics demonstrates the embodied and distributed dimensions of the real-time classroom interactivity that couples pedagogic subjects to the affordances of their pedagogic environment. It also provides insights into the impact of pedagogic activities on the multi-scalar dynamics of the meaning-making process with reference to embodied speech–gesture coordination. The paper demonstrates the value of applying an ecologically embodied perspective to multimodal studies in classroom research and stimulates a re-thinking of some of the important aspects of classroom interactivity that have received little attention thus far.