bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Comparison of Soil Vapor Extraction and Subslab Depressurization for Vapor Intrusion Mitigation
Authors: Lutes Christopher , Stewart Lloyd , Truesdale Robert , De Loera Jose , Zimmerman John H. , Schumacher Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil vapor extraction (SVE) can be applied for remediation, and also as an alternative to sub‐slab depressurization (SSD) for vapor intrusion (VI) mitigation. This study compares capital, operation, and treatment costs of SVE and SSD systems using data collected during a multi‐year demonstration project conducted at eight buildings in an urban setting. The capital cost of the SVE system is substantially less than the estimated total capital cost of individual SSD systems. The SVE operating costs are higher, especially in the early operating years when it is being operated for mass removal and treatment. As a result, the cumulative SVE system cost rises above that of the SSD systems in the sixth year of operation. A significant portion of the operations and maintenance cost advantage of the SSD systems comes from the assumption that off‐gas treatment is not required. Alternative cases show SVE costs are likely to be lower in scenarios where numerous small buildings requiring independent SSD systems overlie the SVE zone of influence. Conversely, SSD systems are less costly for cases with few small buildings overlying the SVE zone of influence. An additional benefit of SVE is continued mass removal. In a situation where an existing SVE can be repurposed for VI protection from residual volatile organic carbon (VOC) mass, the SVE cumulative costs over 30 years can remain lower than the cost of installing and operating SSD systems in multiple buildings.
Arthropod populations in a sub‐arctic environment facing climate change over a half‐century: variability but no general trend
Authors: Andersson Göran , von Proschwitz Ted , Fägerström Christoffer , Green Martin , Smith Henrik G. , Lindström Åke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dramatic declines of some arthropod populations have recently received a lot of attention. Identified declines have mainly been attributed to changes in agriculture, climate, pathogen prevalence and light pollution, as well as cross‐regional effects of, e.g., drifting pesticides. However, the overall picture is complex and debated, and there is a need for systematically collected long‐term data, not least from areas relatively unaffected by humans.
We monitored the abundance of arthropods (mainly insects) in subalpine birch forest in Swedish Lapland over a period of 53 years (1968–2020), in an area comparatively unaffected by human activities. Arthropod abundance was assessed by yearly systematic counts on 24,000 birch shoots, in the second half of June. Animals were categorised into 17 different groups directly upon counting, dependent on taxonomy and life stage (imago, larva).
Overall, there was no significant change in arthropod numbers. Nor did estimates of the total biomass of arthropods (using group‐specific indices of the mass of individuals) show any significant trend.
Accordingly, there are no signs that the arthropod abundance or biomass on birch in this subarctic study site has gone through the same declines as have been reported from sites in other habitats. The reason may be that the impact of factors identified worldwide as drivers of arthropod declines so far are small or non‐existent because of the low human population density in this area.
Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of the LiNb0.6Ti0.5O3 M‐phase by doping with (Co1/3Nb2/3)4+
Authors: Wang Hang , Li Yumin M. , Zheng Liang , Bian Jianjiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStructural evolution and microwave dielectric properties of LiNb0.6(Ti1‐x[Co1/3Nb2/3]x)0.5O3 (.05≤x≤.2) ceramics have been studied in this paper. Although the doped compositions maintain the M‐phase solid solutions, compositional fluctuation due to nonuniform dispersion of minor dopants could be observed as x < .05, and trace amount of Li2TiO3‐based solid solution (Li2TiO3ss) secondary phase presents in the x > .05 compositions. The microwave dielectric properties could be remarkably improved by the doping of (Co1/2Nb1/2)4+ in comparison to the undoped counterpart. Optimized microwave dielectric properties with Q × f = ∼6500 GHz, εr = ∼74 and τf = +8.2 ppm/°C could be obtained at x = .10 after sintering at 1050°C/2 h. The sintering temperature could be further reduced to 900°C/2 h by adding .2 wt% B2O3 without affecting significantly its microwave dielectric properties: εr = 73, Q × f = 6000 GHz, τf = +8.5 ppm/°C. The LiNb0.6(Ti1‐x[Co1/3Nb2/3]x)0.5O3 ceramics obtained in this case exhibit large dielectric permittivity coupled with much improved Q × f values, near zero τf, and low sintering temperature simultaneously, which makes it a promising high‐k microwave dielectric material for low temperature cofired ceramic applications.
I‐sharing across the aisle: Can shared subjective experience bridge the political divide?
Authors: Pinel Elizabeth C. , Fuchs Natalie A. , Benjamin Shania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe U.S. witnessed deep ideological rifts during the 2020 presidential election, with reverberations that continue to this day. Both the media reports and the research evidence reveal the passion with which people cling to their ideologies and the barriers to communication that people often erect between themselves and those who do not share their political viewpoints. Consider the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol in January 6, 2021, as an historical example of the vilification and disrespect that people express toward those with different viewpoints from their own. Here we test whether moments of shared subjective experience (i.e., I‐sharing) can facilitate liking for politically different others, as well as more productive dialogue across political lines. Drawing from previous work on the intergroup implications of I‐sharing, we predicted and found that I‐sharing increased liking for one’s interaction partner, irrespective of one’s own political preferences and irrespective whether one’s interaction partner shares those political preferences. In addition, I‐sharing (relative to not I‐sharing) promoted a greater sense among Biden supporters that they could have a productive dialogue with Trump supporters, although the parallel effect did not hold true for Trump supporters. The results point to the possibility that moments of I‐sharing can get people with differing political views to, as Biden put it so simply on November seventh, 2020, “listen to each other again.”
Acquisition of false certainty: Learners increase their confidence in the correctness of incorrect answers after online information search
Authors: von Hoyer Johannes F. , Kimmerle Joachim , Holtz Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundExplorative online information search activities are self‐regulated learning processes that require monitoring in the form of accurate metacognitive judgments about one's own knowledge. People have to judge what they know, but also understand what they do not know. Previous research has explored those two aspects in relation to each other mostly by employing measures of metacognitive calibration and points toward a potential detrimental effect of using the internet to answer knowledge test items.ObjectivesThis research aimed to disentangle those two aspects of knowledge and to describe a false certainty effect (FaCE), indicating an increase in confidence in the correctness of incorrect responses in a knowledge test after online information search. We also aimed to further explore the conditions under which this effect occurs.MethodsIn two studies participants’ knowledge and on‐item confidence ratings were measured before and after a short online information search activity. In Study 1, we analyzed data of two samples with and without knowledge gain. In Study 2, we manipulated the familiarity of knowledge test items and whether there was an information search activity.ResultsStudy 1 showed that false certainty occurred even when a search activity did not lead to any learning success. This FaCE, however, was stronger when there was actual knowledge gain. In Study 2, we found that the effect was caused by the information search activity itself and not by the pre‐post methodology of identical knowledge‐test items.ImplicationsOur results demonstrate the emergence of increased confidence in the correctness of incorrect responses in knowledge tests after online information search activities. Educators and researchers should be aware of this undesired false certainty effect of computer‐assisted learning on individuals’ knowledge monitoring.
Association between bleeding periodontal pockets and eczemas: Results of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Tursas Larissa , Ylipalosaari Merja , Sinikumpu Suvi‐Päivikki , Huilaja Laura , Tasanen Kaisa , Tiisanoja Antti , Tegelberg Paula , Ylöstalo Pekka , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the periodontal condition as measured by bleeding periodontal pockets is associated with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and eczema nummulare.Materials and MethodsThe study population (n = 1871) was obtained from the 46‐year follow‐up study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (NFBC1966). The periodontal condition was measured by the number of sites with bleeding periodontal pockets that were ≥4 mm deep. The whole skin of the participants was clinically examined, and diagnoses of skin diseases were made according to the International Classification of Diseases. Prevalence rate ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust error variance.ResultsIn this cohort, comprising 46‐year‐old participants of NFBC1966, the presence of 1–3 and ≥4 bleeding‐deepened periodontal pockets (≥4 mm deep) were associated with seborrheic dermatitis (PRR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8 and PRR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4–3.3, respectively) and with eczema nummulare (PRR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–3.1 and PRR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–3.3, respectively). For non‐smokers, the corresponding estimates were 1.7 for seborrheic dermatitis (95% CI: 1.1–2.6) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–3.1) and 1.4 for eczema nummulare (95% CI: 0.7–2.9) and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5–2.9), respectively. No association was found between bleeding‐deepened periodontal pockets and atopic dermatitis. Further adjustments for C‐reactive protein, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases did not essentially change the risk estimates among either the total population or the non‐smokers.ConclusionBleeding periodontal pockets appeared to be associated with the presence of seborrheic dermatitis and eczema nummulare.
Trends of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea: A longitudinal nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yun Jae‐Seung , Han Kyungdo , Ko Seung‐Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo estimate the trends in the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea, we investigated the total number of SH episodes among type 2 diabetes patients aged ≥30 years who visited the emergency department between 2002 and 2019, using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The prevalence of SH events increased from 2002 to 2012; however, it has decreased gradually since 2012. In 2019, the prevalence of SH was 0.6%, with an incidence rate of 4.43 per 1,000 person‐years. Approximately 23,000 SH events occur every year in Korea. Although the incidence is steadily decreasing, there are a considerable number of SH events in type 2 diabetes patients. The decline in the incidence of SH seems to most likely be due to the increased prescription rate of hypoglycemic agents without hypoglycemia risk, less‐strict treatment goals and the individualization of therapy.
The beyond the gap filling approach: Modeling facial and interproximal tissues and improving esthetics for anterior flapless immediate implant placement
Authors: Tosta Mauro , Fahl Newton , Chambrone Leandro , Duarte Wagner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveMaintenance of adequate interproximal tissue height between an implant and a natural tooth or between adjacent implants represents an esthetic challenge in implant dentistry. The aim of this case report is to describe a modified technique referred to as the beyond the gap filling (BGF) approach designed to improve the horizontal and vertical components of the facial aspect and particularly the height of interproximal bone peaks around immediately placed implants into fresh extraction sockets.Clinical ConsiderationsFour patients (five teeth) requiring anterior tooth extraction were treated with the BGF approach that included: (a) minimally traumatic tooth extraction; (b) immediate implant placement without flap elevation; (c) installation of a narrow profile healing abutment to protect the implant during grafting; (d) grafting with a construct with 90% bovine bone granules and 10% porcine collagen packed coronally to the facial and interproximal bone walls above the level of the bone crest; and (e) delivery of an immediate restoration.ConclusionsThe current report suggests that the level/height of the interproximal bone crests between an implant and a natural tooth or between two adjacent implants can be improved by the BGF approach and, consequently, papilla height can be maintained in cases with a high risk of papilla height collapse and, consequently, esthetic outcomes can be maximized.Clinical SignificanceThe BGF is a simple technique to be used by clinicians to prevent significant papilla collapse in anterior immediate implants and consequently achieve maximum esthetic outcomes in implant dentistry.
Impact of maturity on mechanical and textural properties and rheological properties modeling of wood apple fruit (Limonia acidissima)
Authors: Murakonda Sahithi , Dwivedi Madhuresh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWood apple (Limonia acidissima) is monsoonal fruit comprising of pulp with an exterior hard shell. The investigation of mechanical and textural properties according to maturity stages (unripe, semi‐ripe, and ripe) and rheological modeling of ripe fruits is beneficial for post‐harvest maturity grader and processing equipment development. The compression mechanical properties of whole fruit at maturity stages along the x‐axis, y‐axis, and z‐axis orientations recorded minimum rupture force (962.73 N) for ripe fruits followed by semi‐ripe and unripe along z‐axis and maximum force (2,256.2 N) for unripe fruits along y‐axis. The pulp puncture test at maturity stages for textural properties recorded reduced hardness value with maturity having 12.84, 4.30, and 3.88 N for unripe, semi‐ripe, and ripe fruits, respectively. The rheological properties for ripe fruits pulp validated cross and Carreau‐Yasuda best‐fit models (R2 = 0.9) for steady shear indicating non‐Newtonian, shear‐thinning behavior as viscosity (η) reduced from 1,508.45 Pa s while dynamic shear for frequency sweep test indicated elastic behavior as storage modulus G′ > loss modulus G″ and tan δ < 1 for power model (R2 = 0.9). The mechanical and textural properties of wood apple exhibited significant variance according to the maturity of the fruit.Practical ApplicationsWood apple, despite being underutilized in the global fruit trade, has vast application in nutraceuticals industries. The steady shear flow properties of wood apple pulp can be used in engineering design applications such as manufacturing, packaging, and storage; they can be utilized to determine flow parameters and predict the degree of structural breakdown with shear. Because of the numerous processing systems in use, it is essential to precisely forecast rheological behavior. Oscillatory experiments of wood apple pulp can be used to study pulp structure, the strength of pulp and dependency on the shear rate of pulp. The findings of this study will substantially assist food processing industries in producing wood apple pulp‐based products.
Vaginal misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin for success of termination in the second‐trimester intrauterine fetal demise: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Asadi Nasrin , Vafaei Homeira , Hessami Kamaran , Darabi Mohammad Hasan , Kasraeian Maryam , Faraji Azam , Alavi Azin , Abdi Nazanin , Gissuei Atena , Roozmeh Shohre , Bazrafshan Khadije , Gharibpour Fereshteh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the success rate of vaginal misoprostol versus intravenous (IV) oxytocin in termination of pregnancy in the second trimester intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).MethodsThis was an open‐label randomized controlled study for 106 women with second trimester IUFD. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: women given vaginal misoprostol (400 mcg every 6 h up to 48 h) versus those given IV oxytocin (starting with 50 units up to a maximum of 300 units). When the first‐line treatment (as mentioned above) failed, treatment methods were replaced with each other. When the second‐line treatment failed, the patients underwent dilation and evacuation.ResultsThe first‐line treatment yielded the successful rate of 88.7% versus 73.7% for misoprostol versus oxytocin, respectively (p = 0.047). Among those with first‐line treatment failure, the second‐line treatment yielded success rate of 85.7% versus 83.3% for misoprostol versus oxytocin (p = 0.891). The mean duration of induction to delivery in women with successful response to first‐line treatment was 28.72 and 20.55 h after initially receiving misoprostol versus oxytocin, respectively (p < 0.001). While during second‐line treatment, this mean interval was not significantly different among those with misoprostol versus oxytocin (p = 0.128). No severe adverse events were observed.ConclusionVaginal misoprostol was associated with higher termination rate than oxytocin without adverse events when used as the first‐line treatment. Both methods yielded the same success rate when used as the second‐line treatment.
General Versus Vocational Education in High School: Cross‐Sectional Associations with Student's Health
Authors: Coledam Diogo Henrique Constantino , Frotta Beatriz Marinho , Ré Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present study was to analyze the association between course type and health among high school students.METHODSA cross‐sectional study with 675 Brazilian high school students. The independent variable was course type (general or vocational) and dependent variables were health characteristics. All information was obtained by a self‐report questionnaire and the following health characteristics were analyzed: mental health, physical activity, sedentary behavior, food consumption, daytime sleepiness, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, aggression, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated by Poisson regression.RESULTSVocational students presented a higher prevalence in 7 of the 20 mental health symptoms analyzed (PR = 1.21‐1.64), daytime sleepiness (PR = 1.39‐1.71), and musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders, low back, and knees (PR = 1.31‐1.41), and a lower likelihood of being physically active (PR = 0.59‐0.70). Conversely, vocational students showed lower sedentary behavior on TV and videogames during the week (PR = 0.35‐0.46), consumption of snacks, cookies, and crackers (PR = 0.56‐0.72), and experiences of aggression (PR = 0.13‐0.17), all P < .05.CONCLUSIONSHigh school can affect students' health distinctly, indicating that intervention programs and health monitoring should be specific to course type.
Detection of orthotospoviruses in medicinal plants in China
Authors: Wang Zhe , Song Xuhong , Anane Rex Frimpong , Chen Lu , Chen Zeli , Gao Like , Li Shangyun , Wen Guosong , Zhao Mingfu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe genus Orthotospovirus contains a variety of viruses that infect more than 1000 plant species of 82 families. Nine medicinal plant species were found to exhibit symptoms that are typical of plant viral infections. Foliar samples of diseased plants were taken, and double‐antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS‐ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses were used to detect the viruses in the diseased plants. The results revealed that Capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV) was present in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Valeriana jatamansi. Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus (INSV) was identified in Plantago asiatica, Scrophularia ningpoensis and Iris tectorum. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) was detected in Perilla frutescens, while Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus (TZSV) was found in Codonopsis spp., Marsdenia tenacissima and Dipsacus asper. Phylogenetic tree analysis also reflected the high consistency of sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CaCV in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Valeriana jatamansi and INSV in Plantago asiatica, Scrophularia ningpoensis and Iris tectorum. This is also the first report of TSWV infecting Perilla frutescens and TZSV infecting Codonopsis spp., Marsdenia tenacissima and Dipsacus asper.
Midwest rural‐urban disparities in use of patient online services for COVID‐19
Authors: Huang Ming , Wen Andrew , He Huan , Wang Liwei , Liu Sijia , Wang Yanshan , Zong Nansu , Yu Yue , Prigge Julie E. , Costello Brian A. , Shah Nilay D. , Ting Henry H. , Doubeni Chyke , Fan Jung‐Wei , Liu Hongfang , Patten Christi A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeRural populations are disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We characterized urban‐rural disparities in patient portal messaging utilization for COVID‐19, and, of those who used the portal during its early stage in the Midwest.MethodsWe collected over 1 million portal messages generated by midwestern Mayo Clinic patients from February to August 2020. We analyzed patient‐generated messages (PGMs) on COVID‐19 by urban‐rural locality and incorporated patients’ sociodemographic factors into the analysis.FindingsThe urban‐rural ratio of portal users, message senders, and COVID‐19 message senders was 1.18, 1.31, and 1.79, indicating greater use among urban patients. The urban‐rural ratio (1.69) of PGMs on COVID‐19 was higher than that (1.43) of general PGMs. The urban‐rural ratios of messaging were 1.72‐1.85 for COVID‐19‐related care and 1.43‐1.66 for other health care issues on COVID‐19. Compared with urban patients, rural patients sent fewer messages for COVID‐19 diagnosis and treatment but more messages for other reasons related to COVID‐19‐related health care (eg, isolation and anxiety). The frequent senders of COVID‐19‐related messages among rural patients were 40+ years old, women, married, and White.ConclusionsIn this Midwest health system, rural patients were less likely to use patient online services during a pandemic and their reasons for its use differ from urban patients. Results suggest opportunities for increasing equity in rural patient engagement in patient portals (in particular, minority populations) for COVID‐19. Public health intervention strategies could target reasons why rural patients might seek health care in a pandemic, such as social isolation and anxiety.