bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter jejuni and other emerging Campylobacteraceae in retail beef liver – an underestimated potential source?
Authors: Lopez-Cantillo M. , Opazo-Capurro A. , Lopez-Joven C. , Vidal-Veuthey B. , Collado L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bovine by-products, such as liver, could be an underestimated source of Campylobacter jejuni. Therefore, our aims were to evaluate the occurrence of C. jejuni and other Campylobacteraceae in retail beef liver and characterize their antibiotic resistance (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin) and potential genetic relationship by flagellin gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (flaA-RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing with clinical strains. Seventy-six out of 206 samples (36·9%) were positive for Campylobacter and related organisms. Arcobacter butzleri was the most frequently isolated species (21·8%), followed by C. jejuni (9·7%), C. fetus (7·8%) and C. coli (1%). The C. jejuni strains showed resistance to tetracycline (17·2%) or ciprofloxacin (6·9%), with only one strain resistant to both antibiotics. Meanwhile, 8·3% of ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in C. fetus. The other species showed no resistance. Most of the clonal complexes (CC) in which the C. jejuni genotypes were grouped (CC-21, 42, 48 and 52), coincided with genotypes of clinical strains previously reported in Chile. As such, this study provides evidence that beef liver could be an underestimated route for resistant C. jejuni to humans. Further studies should assess whether this food could play a role in the transmission of other emerging Campylobacteraceae such as those reported here.
Synergistic effects of a functional bacterial consortium on enhancing phenanthrene biodegradation and counteracting rare earth biotoxicity in liquid and slurry systems
Authors: Wang M. , Liu C. , Zhang J. , Xiao K. , Pan T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by micro-organisms in the environment is often inhibited by coexisting metal ions. The aim of this work is to study a bacterial consortium for enhancing phenanthrene biodegradation under the inhibition effect of the rare earth (RE) ions Ce3+ and Y3+. This bacterial consortium was composed of two bacteria, namely, the RE-adsorbing Bacillus subtilis MSP117 and the phenanthrene-degrading Moraxella osloensis CFP312. Ce3+ and Y3+ at the concentration of 1·15 mmol l−1 inhibited CFP312 from degrading phenanthrene but not glucose. Using glucose as a co-substrate could promote the proliferation of CFP312 but decreased phenanthrene degradation. Adsorption experiments and electron microscopy imaging showed that CFP312 had no RE ions adsorption capacity for RE ions and that RE elements could not be observed on its cell surfaces. MSP117 could adsorb 0·14 and 0·12 mmol g−1 wet cells of Ce3+ and Y3+ in aqueous solution, respectively, thus demonstrating considerable adsorption capacity. The MSP117 cell surface immobilized part of the free RE ions and reduced their bioaccessibility, thereby alleviating their biotoxic effect on phenanthrene degradation by CFP312. In liquid and slurry systems, glucose, which was used as the co-substrate of the bacterial consortium, must be kept at a low level to avoid the catabolism repression of phenanthrene degradation by CFP312.
Molecular mechanisms and clonal lineages of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent: a scoping review
Authors: Hassen B. , Hammami S. , Hassen A. , Abbassi M.S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Colistin (also known as polymyxin E), a polymyxin antibiotic discovered in the late 1940s, has recently reemerged as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant infections. However, in recent years, colistin-resistant pathogenic bacteria have been increasingly reported worldwide. Accordingly, the presented review was undertaken to identify, integrate and synthesize current information regarding the detection and transmission of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent, in addition to elucidating their molecular mechanisms of resistance. PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct were employed for study identification, screening and extraction. Overall, based on the developed literature review protocol and associated inclusion/exclusion criteria, 80 studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included comprising varying bacterial species and hosts. Numerous mechanisms of colistin resistance were reported, including chromosomal mutation(s) and transferable plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (encoded by mcr genes). Perhaps unexpectedly, mcr-variants have exhibited rapid emergence and spread across most African regions. The genetic variant mcr-1 is predominant in humans, animals and the natural environment, and is primarily carried by IncHI2- type plasmid. The highest number of studies reporting the dissemination of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were conducted in the North African region.
Shock degree and graphite geothermometry in ureilites NWA 6871 and NWA 3140
Authors: Christ Oliver , Barbaro Anna , Brenker Frank E. , Nimis Paolo , Novella Davide , Domeneghetti M. Chiara , Nestola Fabrizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon aggregates from two differently shocked ureilites were analyzed to gain insight into the shock transformation of graphite to diamond in ureilites, which happened when the ureilite parent body (UPB) was most likely destroyed by massive impact events. We present data for carbon aggregates from the highly shocked (U‐S6) Northwest Africa (NWA) 6871 and the medium shocked (U‐S3) NWA 3140. Both samples contain abundant carbon aggregates which were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy revealing the presence of close associations of (compressed) nanographite, micro‐ and nanodiamond, as well as Fe‐rich phases. Graphite and diamond in NWA 6871 show shock indicators that are absent in NWA 3140. Based on Raman geothermometry on graphite, we calculated mean temperatures of 1368 ± 120 °C and 1370 ± 120 °C for NWA 3140 and NWA 6871, respectively. For comparison, a geothermometer based on the partitioning of Cr between olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene was applied on NWA 3140, which yielded a temperature of only 1215 ± 16 °C. The graphite‐based temperatures are the highest reported for graphite in ureilites so far and exceed calculated magmatic temperatures for ureilites from silicate‐ and chromite‐based geothermometers. Graphite temperatures fall into the temperature field of catalytic diamond synthesis, which supports the hypothesis of direct transformation from graphite to diamond upon shock. Although the temperatures estimated seem to be independent of the shock degree, they can be ascribed to the shock event that destroyed the UPB.
Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopy‐Assisted Modified Triple Endobutton Plate Fixation in Rockwood Type III Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiang Hantao , Tong Jingling , Shen Liping , Jin Gang , Zhu Rangteng 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe common triple Endobutton plate (CTEP) fixation is a lengthy procedure that is associated with high failure rates. Therefore, we used arthroscopy to improve the Endobutton fixation method by shortening the duration of surgery and reducing operative complications. This study explored the safety and effectiveness of arthroscopy‐assisted modified triple Endobutton plate (MTEP) fixation in Rockwood type III managing acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center study involving 73 patients with Rockwood type III acute ACJ dislocation treated between January 2016 and January 2021. The 73 patients were classified into three groups, the acromioclavicular hook plate (ACHP) group (22 cases), CTEP group (24 cases) and MTEP group (27 cases), based on the type of surgical treatment they received. Clinical outcome data from the patient records, including the Constant–Murley score (CMS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES) and University of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale score (UCLA), were retrospectively reviewed. The scores were assessed before surgery and at the third and twelfth month after surgery. The clavicle‐coracoid (CC) distance on the affected side was estimated from imaging scans taken before surgery, on the second day after surgery, and within the third and twelfth month after surgery. The student's t‐test was used to compare normally distributed data for independent samples, while homogeneity of variance test was used to compare normally distributed data among multiple groups. Non‐normally distributed data were compared using Mann–Whitney rank‐sum tests.ResultsThere were no differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), dislocated side, trauma etiology, and duration of follow‐up among the three groups. There was also no significant difference in the duration of surgery between the ACHP and MTEP groups, although the duration in the two groups was shorter than in the CTEP group (P < 0.05). The duration of hospitalization for the MTEP group was significantly shorter than for the CTEP group which was in turn shorter than for the ACHP group (both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative CMS, ASES, and UCLA scores between the CTEP and MTEP groups but the score for the two groups differed significantly from those of the ACHP group (all Ps < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in CC distance among the three groups after surgery (P > 0.05).ConclusionArthroscopic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament using MTEP fixation to manage acute Rockwood type III ACJ dislocation is minimally invasive, and is associated with rapid functional recovery, few complications and satisfactory early clinical results.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion: A Hospital‐Based Study in Beijing, China
Authors: Yin Yaobin , Xu Ke , Zhang Nan , Yi Zhe , Liu Bo , Chen Shanlin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveStudies exploring the epidemiological characteristics of scaphoid fracture nonunion are important to understand the causes and lead to effective prevention strategy. However, such knowledge is limited especially in China. This study aims to reveal the clinical and epidemiological features of scaphoid fracture nonunion in Chinese patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective study, which was based on patients with scaphoid fracture nonunion treated in a Chinese national orthopedic referral center from 1 August 2009 to 1 August 2020. The basic demographic and clinical characteristics, including gender, age at diagnosis of scaphoid fracture nonunion, dominant hand, the location of fracture, the side, the causes of the injury, age of the injury, age of the treatment for scaphoid fracture nonunion, and the delay period, were retrieved from the medical records. The patients were divided into a non‐delay group and a delay group based on whether they had visited the doctor within 1 month after the injury. Scaphoid fracture was classified into the proximal, waist, and distal fractures according to the location. The t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between groups when the dependent variable is continuous, while a chi‐square test was used when the dependent variable is categorical.ResultsA total of 363 patients were included in this study. The mean age at the diagnosis of scaphoid fracture nonunion was 32 (ranging from 14 to 78). Waist fracture nonunion (76.5%) was most common. Among the 169 patients who sought medical care within 1 month after the injury (non‐delay group), more than half (90 cases) were misdiagnosed. 23 cases could not recall the injury, so the time of delay could not be determined. Among the 171 patients who did not seek medical care for acute injury (delay group), the average time was 52 months between the initial injury and the treatment. The proportion of waist nonunions was higher among patients in the delay group than that in the non‐delay group.ConclusionsNonunion of scaphoid fracture is caused mainly by delayed treatment and misdiagnosis in China, suggesting that timely treatment and improved diagnosis could lower the prevalence. The fracture location may be a factor contributing to the delaying of seeking medical care.
Fictional Characters and Characterisations
Authors: Connolly Niall 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRealists about fictional characters posit a certain theoretical role and a candidate to fill this role. I will delineate the role realists take fictional characters like Emma Woodhouse to fill, and I will argue that it is better filled by what I will call ‘characterisations’. In explaining what I mean by ‘characterisations’, I will show that the existence of these entities is comparatively uncontroversial. Realists should acknowledge their existence, but doing so, I will argue, obviates the need to acknowledge the existence of Emma and other fictional individuals.
Defining compassion: A Delphi study of compassion therapists’ experiences when introducing patients to the term ‘compassion’
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Minou Lina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesCompassion‐focused therapy (CFT) is shown to be an effective psychological intervention; however, patients can experience resistance to CFT due to preconceptions regarding the term ‘compassion’. This study aims to obtain guidance from therapists in how to overcome these resistancesDesignThis is the first study using the Delphi methodology to ask CFT therapists about how their patients understanding of the term compassion might act as a barrier to engaging with an otherwise beneficial therapy.MethodsTwo rounds of interview questions were posed to 15 expert CFT therapists.ResultsThe results provide verification that there is resistance to CFT due to preconceptions around ‘compassion’, specifically its association with ‘pity’, ‘weakness’ and low‐rank social positions. Further, this appears to be pronounced in patients who value competitiveness.ConclusionsThe results have practical implications such as the need for therapists to acknowledge the potential for resistance and the need for experiential strategies and illustrative examples of compassion to facilitate successful engagement with CFT.
Integrated multi‐omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm‐miR164b‐MdORE1 in strigolactone‐mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple
Authors: Fan Xingqiang , Li Hui , Guo Yushuang , Sun Haochen , Wang Shiyao , Qi Qi , Jiang Xiangning , Wang Yi , Xu Xuefeng , Qiu Changpeng , Li Wei , Han Zhenhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractApple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and largely relies on cutting propagation. Adventitious root formation is crucial for the success of cutting propagation. Strigolactones have been reported to function in rooting of woody plants. In this study, we determined that strigolactones have inhibitory effects on adventitious root formation in apple. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 051 differentially expressed genes over the course of adventitious root initiation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant development. Further analysis indicated that strigolactones might inhibit adventitious root formation through repressing two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as dual‐luciferase sensor assays, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs, including mdm‐miR397–MdLAC3 and mdm‐miR164a/b–MdORE1. Overexpression of mdm‐miR164b and silencing MdORE1 exhibited enhanced adventitious root formation in tobacco and apple, respectively. Finally, we verified the role of mdm‐miR164b–MdORE1 in strigolactone‐mediated repression of rooting ability. Overall, the identified comprehensive regulatory network in apple not only provides insight into strigolactone‐mediated adventitious root formation in other woody plants, but also points to a potential strategy for genetic improvement of rooting capacity in woody plants.
Identifying institutional configurations for policy outcomes: A comparison of ecosystem services delivery
Authors: Bazzan Giulia , Candel Jeroen , Daugbjerg Carsten , Pecurul Mireia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper employs the Institutional Analysis and Development framework across six ecosystem delivery measures in the European Union to develop a configurational explanation of (un)successful outcomes. By undertaking comparative institutional analysis, we systematically examine the effect of variation across rule types and generate insights on how different institutional configurations result in varying degrees of successful implementation of ecosystem delivery measures. We apply explanatory typology methods to identify the institutional features that best explain variation in implementation success across a number of cases. We argue that institutional rules shape outcomes in conjunction rather than in isolation. The findings show that differences in implementation success across cases can be explained by the interplay of differences in knowledge exchange, flexibility in implementation, and participation in the policy design process.
Seismonomics: Listening to the Heartbeat of the Economy
Authors: Tiozzo Pezzoli Luca , Tosetti Elisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeismometers continuously record a wide range of ground vibrations that are not necessarily related to earthquake activity, but are rather caused by human activity such as industrial processes and traffic. We isolate the human-made imprints from a huge data set made of nearly 20 years of continuously recorded seismic data in Beijing, China, and construct a new daily indicator, the Vibration Index, to forecast regional industrial production. We find that our indicator closely tracks business cycle fluctuations particularly during economic crises. Our results provide policymakers with a new tool to monitor the economy at a highly granular level.
Combined assessment of Epstein–Barr virus viral capsid antigen and Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen‐1 serology for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder risk stratification in adult solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Heldman Madeleine R. , Edlefsen Kerstin L. , Pepper Gregory , Kapnadak Siddhartha G. , Rakita Robert M. , Fisher Cynthia E. , Limaye Ajit P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) seronegative solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Assays for EBV serostatus assess antibody to both EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) and Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA‐1), but PTLD risk among SOT recipients with discordant VCA and EBNA‐1 results is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single‐center cohort study to determine the risk of PTLD among adult (≥ 18 years) SOTRs with discordant pre‐transplant VCA and EBNA‐1 IgG compared to that of SOTRs with concordantly negative or concordantly positive serology using univariable and multivariable Cox‐proportional hazards models.ResultsOf 4106 SOTRs, the number (%) who were concordantly positive, concordantly negative, and discordant was 3787 (92.2%), 149 (3.6%), and 170 (4.2%), respectively. The adjusted hazard of PTLD was significantly higher among discordant SOTRs compared to concordantly positive SOTRs (aHR 2.6, 95% CI 1.04–6.6, p =.04) and lower compared to concordantly negative SOTRs (aHR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.76, p <.001). The adjusted hazard of EBV+ PTLD among those with discordant serology was also significantly higher compared to the concordantly positive cohort (aHR 3.53, 95% CI 1.04–12.0, p =.04) and significantly lower compared to the concordantly negative cohort (aHR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.82, p =.02).ConclusionsRisk of PTLD among SOTRs with discordant VCA and EBNA‐1 may be intermediate between those with concordantly positive and negative serology. If confirmed in future studies, revision of national EBV serology reporting to include both VCA and EBNA results may be needed to optimize PTLD risk stratification.
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Redundant Manipulator Kinematics and Dynamics on Differentiable Manifolds
Authors: Haug Edward J. , Peidro Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A recently published treatment of nonredundant manipulator kinematics and dynamics on differentiable manifolds is extended to kinematically redundant manipulators. Analysis at the configuration level shows that forward kinematics and dynamics of redundant manipulators are identical to that for nonredundant manipulators. The manifold-based inverse kinematics formulation that is presented for redundant manipulators, in contrast, yields parameterizations of set-valued inverse kinematic mappings at the configuration level, where sharper results are obtained than those presented in the literature using velocity formulations. Explicit expressions are derived for set-valued inverse kinematic mappings for both serial and nonserial (called compound) kinematically redundant manipulators, as functions of vectors of arbitrary parameters. Parameterizations are presented for both manipulator regular configuration manifolds and self-motion manifolds, the latter comprised of sets of inputs that map into the same output. It is shown that kinematically redundant configuration manifolds and self-motion differentiable manifolds are distinctly different and play complementary roles in redundant manipulator kinematics. Computational methods are presented for evaluation of set-valued inverse kinematic mappings, without problem-dependent ad hoc analytical manipulations. Redundant serial and compound manipulator examples are presented to illustrate computation of set-valued inverse kinematic mappings and the use of self-motion manifold mappings in obstacle avoidance applications. Differentiation of configuration level inverse mappings yields inverse velocity and acceleration mappings as functions of time-dependent arbitrary parameters that play a central role in manipulator dynamics and control.
Influence of the cattle body weight estimation for drug dosing on the pharmacokinetic and efficacy of ivermectin against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Victoria Miró María , Sarli Macarena , Rossner María Victoria , Gómez Viviana , Toffaletti José , Lifschitz Adrián , Nava Santiago 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate how the method of body weight estimation of a herd (average vs individual) for drug dosing may affect the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin 3.15% against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The trial was performed in two populations of R. (B.) microplus with different levels of susceptibility to ivermectin: San Martín (SM) (incipient resistance) and Colonia Benítez (CB) (susceptible). Twenty-one (SM) and forty-two (CB) 12-month-old Braford heifers, naturally infested with R. (B.) microplus, were individually weighed and divided into three groups (G). G1 and G2 were treated with a dose of ivermectin 3.15% (IVOMEC GOLD®) at a dose rate of 630 μg/kg of body weight (1 mL/50 kg). G1 received a uniform dose of ivermectin calculated according to the average of the individual body weights. G2 received a dose of ivermectin calculated according to the exact body weight of each animal. G3 were the control group. Ivermectin concentrations were measured from blood samples from day 1 to day 21 post-treatment. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by counting female ticks. In both populations the differences in the doses of ivermectin administered did not affect the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Nevertheless, it is necessary to avoid the sub-dosage of cattle to reduce the selection pressure for resistance on the tick populations.