bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public governance and executive perks under a weak corporate governance environment
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Zongyan , Qin Yu , Yuan Shuai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe reveal state‐led anti‐corruption campaigns in China can mitigate excess executive perk consumption facilitated by firms' weak internal control environment. Our findings suggest that public governance can substitute for firm‐level governance mechanisms. Since these campaigns enhance the central government's disciplinary power over local state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), the above effects are heightened among SOEs controlled by provincial/municipal governments rather than the central government. Irrespective of political connections, non‐SOEs are also affected, indicating policy effect spillover to China's private sectors. We explore several underlining mechanisms for these effects, including Communist Party Committee governance, chief executive officer/chairperson dismissal, industry competition, and firm productivity.
Initial Assessment on Hydraulic Conductivity of Rock Mass and its Size Effect Using Drilling Data
Authors: He Mingming , Li Panfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPredicting hydraulic conductivity and characterizing its size effect in jointed rock masses is fundamental to various geoscience and engineering disciplines. A new empirical method, using drilling data, is established to predict the hydraulic conductivity of a rock mass in the scanline direction. The effect of the scanline unit length on the distribution characteristics of hydraulic conductivity for boreholes in jointed rock masses is studied. In addition, the scanline length of boreholes was used to study the size effect of hydraulic conductivity of jointed rock masses, and a new model was proposed to determine the size effect of hydraulic conductivity. A mathematical method for representative volume element (RVE) determination was proposed based on the proposed size effect model of hydraulic conductivity. Some packer tests were conducted to validate the developed method for predicting hydraulic conductivity. The results show that (a) the predicted hydraulic conductivities are close to those determined from the packer tests; (b) the scanline unit lengths influence the distribution characteristics of hydraulic conductivity; (c) a large but fluctuating increase in hydraulic conductivity with increasing scanline length, and the fluctuation decreases with fewer fractures and joints; (d) the mathematical method for predicting RVE andKRVEis effective to make an initial evaluation on jointed rock masses with high fracture frequency.
Telling the difference and the telling differences between hospital in the home and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy
Authors: Montalto Michael , Ko Stephanie Q. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDoctors, authors, funders and hospital managers should take care to distinguish the important differences between hospital in the home (HIH) and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services. HIH is an inpatient service delivered at home usually by (or on behalf of) hospitals, which aims to substitute for a traditional inpatient stay. It does so by delivering a wide range of hospital treatments to patients at home, or residential aged care, using hospital medical and nursing staff, delivery technologies and venous access, pharmacy, radiology and pathology, and a structured system of on call and governance. OPAT is an outpatient service, usually run through infectious diseases physicians' offices or departments. Most care is delivered in infusion centres and requires patients to travel for their care. Generally, there is no after‐hours support. HIH has supplanted the role of OPAT due to improved governance and a wider clinical and severity scope. HIH is accessible from hospital emergency departments or directly from residential aged care facilities. Inpatient capacity has been expanded during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is evidence that both HIH and OPAT can successfully treat their selected patient groups. There are no head‐to‐head studies, but in observational comparisons there might be more adverse drug events in OPAT. OPAT places a greater onus of care, supervision and travel needs on the patient and family. Where HIH is not available, OPAT may remain an alternative for some patients. However, HIH seeks to redefine the delivery of inpatient care away from the location of care.
Utilisation of skin blood flow as a precursor for pressure injury development in persons with acute spinal cord injury: A proof of concept
Authors: Tzen Yi‐Ting , Champagne Patricia T. , Rao Varsha , Wang Jijia , Tan Wei‐Han , Klakeel Merrine , Jain Nitin B. , Wukich Dane K. , Koh Timothy J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk of developing a pressure injury. It is unclear why some people with SCI develop pressure injury while others with similar predisposing risk factors do not during acute hospitalisation. This may hinder healthcare utilisation to prevent pressure injuries. The purpose of the study was to examine the proof‐of‐concept objective bedside skin blood flow measurements before a pressure injury develops in spinal cord injured patients during acute hospitalisation. This was an observational study. All participants had acute traumatic SCI and were pressure injury‐free upon enrollment. Skin blood flow patterns were collected at both heels under two circumstances: localised pressure for reactive hyperemia, and localised heating for heat hyperemia. Our results showed that reactive and heat hyperemia were successfully induced in all eleven participants. Two participants developed pressure injury and nine did not have pressure injury at discharge. Heat hyperemia was smaller in participants with pressure injury. No difference was observed in reactive hyperemia between the groups. In conclusion, skin blood flow measurements could be obtained at bedside during acute hospitalisation of SCI for the purpose of research. Further examination of a larger group is warranted to determine clinical use of heat hyperemia pattern as predictor for pressure injury development.
Incidence and risk of hypertension with lenvatinib in treatment of solid tumors: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Hongxiao , Ding Xiaoyan , Zhang Yongchao , Li Wei , Chen Jinglong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis was performed to assess the relationship between Lenvatinib use for malignancy and hypertension (HTN). A total of 2483 patients met inclusion criteria. The relative risk (RR) for all‐grade and high‐grade (≧3) HTN were 2.61 (p ≦ .001) and 3.35 (p≦ .001), respectively, for Lenvatinib compared with other multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors or placebo. The cumulative incidence of all‐grade and high‐grade HTN was 70% and 34%, respectively. The studies with median treatment duration (TD) longer than 7.4 months demonstrated a higher incidence of high‐grade HTN than studies with shorter TD (34% vs 28%). The incidence of all levels of HTN increased with TD (68% vs 49%). Trials with median progression‐free survival (PFS) longer than nine months had a higher incidence of both all‐grade (37% vs 28%) and high‐grade (71% vs 48%) HTN. Lenvatinib, a drug commonly used in cancer treatment, is a risk factor for the development of HTN. A longer duration of Lenvatinib treatment was associated with higher frequency of HTN. Further investigation for Lenvatinib of the association between the occurrence of HTN and prognosis will be warranted.
Effect of starvation and refeeding on reactive oxygen species, autophagy and oxidative stress in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) muscle growth
Authors: Wu Ping , Chen Lin , Cheng Jia , Pan Yaxiong , Zhu Xin , Chu Wuying , Zhang Jianshe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn skeletal muscle, autophagy regulates the development and growth of muscle fibres and maintains the normal muscle metabolism. Under starvation and refeeding conditions, the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on skeletal muscle autophagy is still unclear, although the excessive accumulation of ROS has been shown to increase autophagy in cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of starvation and diet after starvation on the autophagy of adult Chinese perch muscle, and to determine the level of ROS in the muscle. We performed zero (Normal control), three and seven starvation treatments on adult Chinese perch, and returned to normal feeding for 3 days after starvation for 7 days. In the muscles of the adult Chinese perch muscle after 3 days of starvation, the autophagy marker protein LC3 and the number of autophagosomes remained basically the same as in the normal feeding situation. However, on starvation for 7 days, the mitochondrial autophagy was sensitive and the number of autophagosomes increased, but the antioxidant‐related molecules (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione and anti‐superoxide anion) decreased and the accumulation of ROS was obvious. In addition, the extended starvation time also increased the level of LC3 protein. However, by refeeding after starvation this nutritional stress resulted in a decrease in ROS levels and a partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. Our data show that in the adult Chinese perch muscle, starvation could reduce the antioxidant activity through the accumulation of ROS, and that the number of autophagosomes continues to increase. Refeeding after starvation could effectively compensate for the level of ROS, and restore the mRNA abundance of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce autophagy and improve feed efficiency. Further research should optimize starvation conditions to reduce autophagy in muscles and maintain normal muscle metabolism.
Risk‐Sharing and the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Authors: SCHNEIDER ANDRÉS 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTI propose a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous investors to explain the key properties of the U.S. real and nominal term structure of interest rates. I find that differences in investors' elasticities of intertemporal substitution are critical in accounting for the dynamics of nominal and real yields. The nominal term structure is driven primarily by real shocks so that it can be upward sloping regardless of the correlation between nominal and real shocks.
Effect of integrated nutrition‐sensitive and nutrition‐specific intervention package on maternal malnutrition among pregnant women in Rwanda
Authors: Habtu Michael , Agena Alemayehu Gebremariam , Umugwaneza Maryse , Mochama Monica , Munyanshongore Cyprien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal undernutrition remains a major public health concern in Rwanda despite significant gains and progress. An integration of nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive interventions was implemented in five districts of Rwanda to improve maternal and child nutrition. The package included nutrition education and counselling, promotion of agricultural productivity, promotion of financial literacy/economic resilience and provision of Water, Hygiene and Sanitation services. However, there is limited evidence about the effect of such interventions in reducing maternal undernutrition. A postintervention quasi‐experimental study was conducted among pregnant women to determine the effect of the integrated intervention on their nutritional status. It was carried out in two intervention districts, namely Kicukiro and Kayonza, and two control districts, namely Gasabo and Gisagara between November 2020 and June 2021. Five hundred and fifty‐two women were recruited for the intervention arm, while 545 were recruited for the control arm. Maternal undernutrition was defined as either having low mid‐upper arm circumference (<23 cm) during delivery or low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2) in the first trimester or both. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of the integrated interventions. The prevalence of maternal undernutrition was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (4.7% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001). After controlling the potential confounders, the risk of maternal undernutrition was 77.0% lower in the intervention group than in the control group [adjusted odds ratio= 0.23; 95% confidence interval = 0.15–0.36; p < 0.001]. Further studies are therefore recommended to establish causation and inform the potential scale‐up of these interventions nationally in Rwanda.
Iran's Water Security: An Emerging Challenge
Authors: Czulda Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater and water management are no longer related to environmental studies. There is a very strong link between water and a state's security, as well as its survival and development. A decline in water availability may lead to a collapse or even the extinction of a whole civilization. Sometimes referred to as a “water‐bankrupt” state, Iran is a case that underlines the close relation between water and security, from the perspective of survival and opportunities for development. Without a doubt, the Islamic Republic of Iran is among those countries that are the most affected by climate change and low water levels. The main goal of this paper is to analyze challenges related to water in Iran, including the political, security, economic, and social dimensions.
How digital health documentation transforms professional practices in primary healthcare in Denmark: A WPR document analysis
Authors: Duval Jensen Julie , Ledderer Loni , Beedholm Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHistorically, recordkeeping has been an essential task for health professionals. Today, this mandatory task increasingly takes place as digital documentation. This study critically examines problem constructions in practical documents on digital documentation strategies in Danish municipal healthcare and how these problem constructions imply particular solutions. A document analysis based on the approach presented in Bacchi's “What's the problem represented to be?” was applied. Forty practical documents in the form of guidelines, strategies, and quality control documents were included. The analysis uncovered three problem representations: lack of coherence between health services in a complex healthcare system, lack of assessable data for management and political prioritization, and inefficiency in the healthcare system. The proposed solution is a digitalized and standardized practice that transforms recordkeeping in the municipalities. However, municipal healthcare is at risk of being fragmented due to digital documentation's focus on the organizational management of health with task‐oriented practices supplied by an anonymous health professional. We find that digital documentation functions as an organizational micromanagement approach that assigns the health professional a subject position as an employee acting according to the organization's framework rather than the profession's normative framework.
The lipoxygenase gene OsRCI‐1 is involved in the biosynthesis of herbivore‐induced JAs and regulates plant defense and growth in rice
Authors: Liao Zhihong , Wang Lu , Li Chengzhe , Cao Mengjiao , Wang Jiani , Yao Zhangliang , Zhou Senya , Zhou Guoxin , Zhang Dayu , Lou Yonggen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pathway mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), biosynthesized via 13‐lipoxygenases (LOX), plays a central role in both plant development and defense. In rice, there are at least fourteen 13‐LOXs. Yet, only two 13‐LOXs have been known to be involved in the biosynthesis of JA and plant defenses in rice. Here we cloned a chloroplast‐localized 13‐LOX gene from rice, OsRCI‐1, whose transcripts were upregulated following infestation by brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), one of the most important pests in rice. Overexpression of OsRCI‐1 (oeRCI lines) increased levels of BPH‐induced JA, jasmonate‐isoleucine, trypsin protease inhibitors and three volatile compounds, 2‐heptanone, 2‐heptanol and α‐thujene. BPHs showed a decreased colonization, fecundity and mass, and developed slowly on oeRCI plants compared with wild‐type (WT) plants. Moreover, BPH‐infested oeRCI plants were more attractive to the egg parasitoid of BPH, Anagrus nilaparvatae than equally treated WT plants. The decreased attractiveness to BPH and enhanced attractiveness to the parasitoid of oeRCI plants correlated with higher levels of BPH‐induced 2‐heptanone and 2‐heptanol, and 2‐heptanone, respectively. Compared with oeRCI plants, WT plants had higher plant height and 1000‐grain weight. These results indicate that OsRCI‐1 is involved in herbivore‐induced JA bursts and plays a role in plant defense and growth.
Left DLPFC activity is associated with plasma kynurenine levels and can predict treatment response to escitalopram in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kamishikiryo Toshiharu , Okada Go , Itai Eri , Masuda Yoshikazu , Yokoyama Satoshi , Takamura Masahiro , Fuchikami Manabu , Yoshino Atsuo , Mawatari Kazuaki , Numata Shusuke , Takahashi Akira , Ohmori Tetsuro , Okamoto Yasumasa 
Published: May 2022

AimTo establish treatment response biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of depression, it is important to use an integrated set of features. This study aimed to determine the relationship between regional brain activity at rest and blood metabolites related to treatment response to escitalopram to identify the characteristics of depression that respond to treatment.MethodsBlood metabolite levels and resting‐state brain activity were measured in patients with moderate to severe depression (n = 65) before and after 6–8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram, and these were compared between Responders and Nonresponders to treatment. We then examined the relationship between blood metabolites and brain activity related to treatment responsiveness in patients and healthy controls (n = 36).ResultsThirty‐two patients (49.2%) showed a clinical response (>50% reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score) and were classified as Responders, and the remaining 33 patients were classified as Nonresponders. The pretreatment fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) value of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and plasma kynurenine levels were lower in Responders, and the rate of increase of both after treatment was correlated with an improvement in symptoms. Moreover, the fALFF value of the left DLPFC was significantly correlated with plasma kynurenine levels in pretreatment patients with depression and healthy controls.ConclusionDecreased resting‐state regional activity of the left DLPFC and decreased plasma kynurenine levels may predict treatment response to escitalopram, suggesting that it may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder in response to escitalopram treatment.
Evaluation of Biological Effects and Transcriptome Changes Induced by LED‐Based Narrow‐Band UVB Phototherapy
Authors: Liu Xinfeng , Chen Huaiyuan , Li Zeyang , Duan Liqiang , Yang Xibin , Jiang Ping , Xu Linyu , Gong Yan , Han Kun 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTUltraviolet (UV), particularly UVB, is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides and pruritus. Recently, there has been a trend of replacing broad‐band UVB (BB‐UVB) units with narrow‐band UVB (NB‐UVB), as studies have demonstrated that NB‐UVB is more efficacious in the treatment of psoriasis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biological effects and transcriptome changes induced by light‐emitting diode‐based NB‐UVB (NB‐UVB LED) phototherapy. Cell viability and the cell migration ability were significantly decreased posttreatment, as well as apoptosis and ROS levels were remarkably increased. NB‐UVB‐induced S phase arrest was observed 12 h postirradiation. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that NB‐UVB LED irradiation induced dose‐depended changes in multiple key signaling pathways, such as PI3K and cytoskeletal‐related pathways. The depolymerization of cytoskeleton induced by NB‐UVB was observed 24 h posttreatment. In addition, the expression levels of cytoskeleton‐related proteins FN1, ITGB4, ITGA1, RAC2 and DOCK1 decreased significantly 12 h after irradiation. Our results indicated that NB‐UVB LED may serve as a novel option for the development of NB‐UVB phototherapy devices.
The electoral importance and evolution of climate‐related energy policy: evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Lüth Maximilian , Schaffer Lena Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we provide descriptive evidence on the importance and evolution of climate‐related energy policy in Swiss elections over the past 15 years. We combined data collected by us on the issue of energy transition (as the primary policy tool to prevent climate change) in party manifestos with the results of recent Swiss election studies on voter preferences. Our findings indicate that energy and environmental issues have become increasingly polarizing for both parties and voters. This development was mainly driven by the populist right SVP. Simultaneously, the salience of the issue has risen across the electorate and for parties on the right of the political divide. However, issue owning green parties are particularly devoting less attention to energy and environmental issues, narrowing the space in which parties compete along this dimension and disregarding the strong upward trend of these issues among their core voters.
Utility of pre‐operative haemoglobin concentration to guide peri‐operative blood tests for hip and knee arthroplasty: A decision curve analysis
Authors: Dhiman Paula , Gibbs Victoria N. , Collins Gary S. , Van Calster Ben , Bakhishli Gardash , Grammatopoulos George , Price Andrew J. , Taylor Adrian , Murphy Mike F. , Kendrick Ben J. L. , Palmer Antony J. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssess the prognostic value of pre‐operative haemoglobin concentration (Hb) for identifying patients who develop severe post‐operative anaemia or require blood transfusion following primary total hip or knee, or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA, UKA).BackgroundPre‐operative group and save (G&S), and post‐operative Hb measurement may be unnecessary for many patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty provided individuals at greatest risk of severe post‐operative anaemia can be identified.Methods and MaterialsPatients undergoing THA, TKA, or UKA between 2011 and 2018 were included. Outcomes were post‐operative Hb below 70 and 80 g/L, and peri‐operative blood transfusion. Logistic regression assessed the association between pre‐operative Hb and each outcome. Decision curve analysis compared strategies for selecting patients for G&S and post‐operative Hb measurement.Results10 015 THA, TKA and UKA procedures were performed in 8582 patients. The incidence of blood transfusion (4.5%) decreased during the study. Using procedure specific Hb thresholds to select patients for pre‐operative G&S and post‐operative Hb testing had a greater net benefit than selecting all patients, no patients, or patients with pre‐operative anaemia.ConclusionsPre‐operative G&S and post‐operative Hb measurement may not be indicated for UKA or TKA when adopting restrictive transfusion thresholds, provided clinicians accept a 0.1% risk of patients developing severe undiagnosed post‐operative anaemia (Hb < 70 g/L). The decision to perform these blood tests for THA patients should be based on local institutional data and selection of acceptable risk thresholds.