bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual approach of the aesthetical fit between hair colours and skin tones in women of different ethnical origin backgrounds
Authors: Galliano Anthony , Guerin Myriam , Lambert Valerie , Favrot Ioanna , Seneca David , Lequeux Fabien , Flament Frédéric , Sleurs Anna , Foster Berkly , Phung Edmund , Lee Kyung Moon , Houghton Jeff 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the aesthetical accordance between a given skin tone and the 11 possible colours of head hairs, covered by a marketed hair colouration product.Material and methodsThe photographs of professional top models, representing several ancestries (non‐Hispanic European and Euro–American, East Asian, Hispanic Euro–American, and African–American ancestries), were used to virtually modify skin tones (from light, medium to dark) and hair colour by an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based algorithm. Hence, 117 modified photographs were then assessed by five local panels of about 60 women each (one in China, one in France and three in US). The same questionnaire was given to the panels, written in their own language, asking which and how both skin tones and hair colours fit preferentially (or not appreciated), asking in addition the reasons of their choices, using fixed wordings.ResultsAnswers from the five panels differed according to origin or cultural aspects, although some agreements were found among both non‐Hispanic European and Euro‐American groups. The Hispanic American panel in US globally much appreciated darker hair tones (HTs). Two panels (East Asian in China and African American in US) and part of non‐Hispanic European panel in France declared appreciating all HTs, almost irrespective with the skin tone (light, medium and dark). This surprising result is very likely caused by gradings (in %) that differ by too low values, making the establishment of a decisive or significant assessment. By nature highly subjective (culturally and/or fashion driven), the assessments should be more viewed as trends, an unavoidable limit of the present virtual approach. The latter offers nevertheless a full respect of ethical rules as such objective could hardly be conducted in vivo: applying 10 or 11 hair colourations on the same individual is an unthinkable option.ConclusionThe virtual approach developed in the present study that mixes two major facial coloured phenotypes seems at the crossroad of both genetic backgrounds and the secular desire of a modified appearance. Nonetheless, this methodology could afford, at the individual level in total confidentiality, a great help to subjects exposed to some facial skin disorders or afflictions.
Loss of intermediate filament IFB‐1 reduces mobility, density, and physiological function of mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons
Authors: Barmaver Syed Nooruzuha , Muthaiyan Shanmugam Muniesh , Chang Yen , Bayansan Odvogmed , Bhan Prerana , Wu Gong‐Her , Wagner Oliver I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondria and intermediate filament (IF) accumulations often occur during imbalanced axonal transport leading to various types of neurological diseases. It is still poorly understood whether a link between neuronal IFs and mitochondrial mobility exist. In Caenorhabditis elegans, among the 11 cytoplasmic IF family proteins, IFB‐1 is of particular interest as it is expressed in a subset of sensory neurons. Depletion of IFB‐1 leads to mild dye‐filling and significant chemotaxis defects as well as reduced life span. Sensory neuron development is affected and mitochondrial transport is slowed down leading to reduced densities of these organelles. Mitochondria tend to cluster in neurons of IFB‐1 mutants likely independent of the fission and fusion machinery. Oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential is measurably reduced in worms carrying mutations in the ifb‐1 gene. Membrane potential also seems to play a role in transport such as carbonyl cyanide p‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone treatment led to increased directional switching of mitochondria. Mitochondria co‐localize with IFB‐1 in worm neurons and appear in a complex with IFB‐1 in pull‐down assays. In summary, we propose a model in which neuronal IFs may serve as critical (transient) anchor points for mitochondria during their long‐range transport in neurons for steady and balanced transport.
Longitudinal association between visual disability and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China
Authors: He Ye , Song Weitao , Jiang Xin , Wang Chao , Zhou Yi , Lu Bing , Zhou Minwen 
Published: March 2022

Background/aimsTo determine the associations between visual disability and cognitive decline in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.MethodsA total of 6748 subjects were enrolled into this longitudinal, population-based, nationally representative study from two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Lagged dependent variable regression was used to model the independent associations between self-reported visual disability and cognitive function including memory and mental status.ResultsThe mean age of the 6748 individuals was 56.33 years, and 3350 (49.6%) were women. The prevalence of visual disability was 3.8%, which increased with age (p<0.001). Both memory and mental status score worsened over time (all p<0.001). After controlling for covariates, lagged dependent variable regression models showed that visual disability at baseline was significantly associated with memory decline after 7 years (β=−0.252, p=0.046). After stratifying by age groups, this association was only significant in the 55–64 age group (β=−0.372, p=0.033). In addition, both memory and mental status in 2011 predicted memory decline over 7 years (p=0.024 and p=0.045, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that visual disability may be a risk factor of memory decline, but not mental status among middle-aged and elderly adults in China. Future studies are needed to further corroborate the association between visual disability and cognitive decline and to determine whether interventions to preserve good visual function can prevent cognitive decline.
Detection of copy number variants associated with late-onset conditions in ~16 200 pregnancies: parameters for disclosure and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Daum Hagit , Segel Reeval , Meiner Vardiella , Goldberg Yael , Zeligson Sharon , Weiss Omri , Stern Shira , Frumkin Ayala , Zenvirt Shamir , Ganz Gael , Shkedi-Rafid Shiri 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCopy number variants (CNVs) associated with late-onset medical conditions are rare but important secondary findings in chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) performed during pregnancy. Here, we critically review the cases at two tertiary centres to assess the criteria which guide the disclosure of such findings and develop a disclosure decision tool (DDT) aimed at facilitating disclosure decision. Parental decisions on receiving CNVs associated with risks for late-onset conditions were also recorded.MethodsPrenatal CMAs in Hadassah and Shaare Zedek Medical Centers from November 2013 to October 2021 were reviewed for CNVs associated with late-onset conditions. The DDT proposed uses a five-parameter scoring system, which considers the severity, median age of onset, penetrance, understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and actionability of the finding.ResultsOut of 16 238 prenatal CMAs, 16 (0.1%) harboured CNVs associated with late-onset conditions, 15 of which were disclosed. Outcome information was available on 13 of the 16 pregnancies, all of which continued to delivery.ConclusionsOur suggested DDT will help clinicians to quantitatively weigh the variables associated with CNVs of this type and arrive at a well thought out clinical decision regarding disclosure. Although the prevalence of late-onset conditions as a major finding in the prenatal setup is low, it is expected to rise with the increasing use of non-invasive CMA testing and whole exome and genome sequencing.
Standing Watch: Immune Activation and Failure in Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Lund Amanda W. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAn unbiased approach to map the sentinel lymph node landscape reveals progressive immune dysfunction associated with micrometastasis in patients with stage I–III cutaneous melanoma. Evidence of tumor-induced lymph node dysfunction may motivate new hypotheses for neoadjuvant therapy with potential to reinvigorate endogenous antitumor immunity.See related article by Yaddanapudi et al., p. 2069
Bedside to Bench and Back: Identifying a New Clinically Relevant Driver in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hasserjian Robert P. , Nardi Valentina 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Umeda and colleagues identify and comprehensively analyze a novel recurrent UBTF mutation (tandem duplications) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia cases with UBTF tandem duplications display distinctive biologic features, including association with FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations and high-risk disease, and appear to represent a new genetic subtype of acute myeloid leukemia.
See related article by Umeda et al., p. 194 (7).
Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Outcomes With Invasive Versus Conservative Management of Chronic Coronary Disease in ISCHEMIA
Authors: Mark Daniel B. , Spertus John A. , Bigelow Robert , Anderson Sophia , Daniels Melanie R. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Baloch Khaula N. , Cohen David J. , Held Claes , Goodman Shaun G. , Bangalore Sripal , Cyr Derek , Reynolds Harmony R. , Alexander Karen P. , Rosenberg Yves , Stone Gregg W. , Maron David J. , Hochman Judith S. ,   on behalf of the ISCHEMIA Research Group
Published: March 2022

Background:
ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) compared an initial invasive treatment strategy (INV) with an initial conservative strategy in 5179 participants with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia. The ISCHEMIA research program included a comprehensive quality-of-life (QOL) substudy.

Methods:
In 1819 participants (907 INV, 912 conservative strategy), we collected a battery of disease-specific and generic QOL instruments by structured interviews at baseline; at 3, 12, 24, and 36 months postrandomization; and at study closeout. Assessments included angina-related QOL (19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire), generic health status (EQ-5D), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), and, for North American patients, cardiac functional status (Duke Activity Status Index).

Results:
Median age was 67 years, 19.2% were female, and 15.9% were non-White. The estimated mean difference for the 19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire Summary score favored INV (1.4 points [95% CI, 0.2–2.5] over all follow-up). No differences were observed in patients with rare/absent baseline angina (SAQ Angina Frequency score >80). Among patients with more frequent angina at baseline (SAQ Angina Frequency score <80, 744 patients, 41%), those randomly assigned to INV had a mean 3.7-point higher 19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire Summary score than conservative strategy (95% CI, 1.6–5.8) with consistent effects across SAQ subscales: Physical Limitations 3.2 points (95% CI, 0.2–6.1), Angina Frequency 3.2 points (95% CI, 1.2–5.1), Quality of Life/Health Perceptions 5.3 points (95% CI, 2.8–7.8). For the Duke Activity Status Index, no difference was estimated overall by treatment, but in patients with baseline SAQ Angina Frequency scores <80, Duke Activity Status Index scores were higher for INV (3.2 points [95% CI, 0.6–5.7]), whereas patients with rare/absent baseline angina showed no treatment-related differences. Moderate to severe depression was infrequent at randomization (11.5%–12.8%) and was unaffected by treatment assignment.

Conclusions:
In the ISCHEMIA comprehensive QOL substudy, patients with more frequent baseline angina reported greater improvements in the symptom, physical functioning, and psychological well-being dimensions of QOL when treated with an invasive strategy, whereas patients who had rare/absent angina at baseline reported no consistent treatment-related QOL differences.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
Lactate Clearance as a Surrogate for Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the DOREMI Trial
Authors: Marbach Jeffrey A. , Di Santo Pietro , Kapur Navin K. , Thayer Katherine L. , Simard Trevor , Jung Richard G. , Parlow Simon , Abdel‐Razek Omar , Fernando Shannon M. , Labinaz Marino , Froeschl Michael , Mathew Rebecca , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Background
Recent studies have shown improved outcomes in cardiogenic shock through protocols directed toward early identification and initiation of mechanical circulatory support. However, objective therapeutic targets—based on clinical and/or laboratory data—to guide real‐time clinical decision making are lacking. Lactate clearance has been suggested as a potential treatment target because of its independent association with mortality.

Methods and Results

In a post hoc analysis of the DOREMI (Dobutamine Compared to Milrinone in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock) trial—a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial comparing milrinone to dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock—we used prospectively collected lactate data to evaluate lactate clearance as a surrogate marker for in‐hospital mortality. In total, 82 (57.7%) patients survived to hospital discharge (survivors). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, complete lactate clearance, percentage lactate clearance, and percentage lactate clearance per hour were independently associated with survival beginning as early as 8 hours after enrollment. Complete lactate clearance was the strongest predictor of survival at all time points, with odds ratios ranging between 2.46 (95% CI, 1.09–5.55;
P
=0.03) at 8 hours to 5.44 (95% CI, 2.14–13.8;
P
<0.01) at 24 hours.

Conclusions
Complete lactate clearance is a strong and independent predictor of in‐hospital survival in patients with cardiogenic shock. Together with previously published data, these results further support the validity of lactate clearance as an appropriate surrogate for mortality and as a potential therapeutic target in future cardiogenic shock trials.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03207165.
Trimetazidine Alleviates Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction and Improves 96‐Hour Survival in a Ventricular Fibrillation Rat Model
Authors: Li Jingru , Qi Yuantong , Wang Jianjie , Dai Chenxi , Chen Bihua , Li Yongqin 
Published: March 2022

Background
Myocardial dysfunction is a critical cause of post‐cardiac arrest hemodynamic instability and circulatory failure that may lead to early mortality after resuscitation. Trimetazidine is a metabolic agent that has been demonstrated to provide protective effects in myocardial ischemia. However, whether trimetazidine protects against postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction is unknown.

Methods and Results
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated after 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals were randomized to 4 groups immediately after resuscitation (n=15/group): (1) normothermia control (NTC); (2) targeted temperature management; (3) trimetazidine‐normothermia; (4) trimetazidine‐targeted temperature management. TMZ was administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in rats with trimetazidine. The body temperature was maintained at 34.0°C for 2 hours and then rewarmed to 37.5°C in rats with targeted temperature management. Postresuscitation hemodynamics, 96‐hours survival, and pathological analysis were assessed. Heart tissues and blood samples of additional rats (n=6/group) undergoing the same experimental procedure were collected to measure myocardial injury, inflammation and oxidative stress‐related biomarkers with ELISA‐based quantification assays. Compared with normothermia control, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and cardiac troponin‐I were significantly reduced, whereas the left ventricular ejection fraction and 96‐hours survival rates were significantly improved in the 3 experimental groups. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress‐related biomarkers together with collagen volume fraction were significantly decreased in rats undergoing postresuscitation interventions.

Conclusions
Trimetazidine significantly alleviates postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and improves survival by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in a ventricular fibrillation rat model. A single dose of trimetazidine administrated immediately after resuscitation can effectively improve cardiac function, whether used alone or combined with targeted temperature management.
Legal Models and Methods of Western Colonisation of the South Pacific
Authors: Heathcote Sarah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the legal models and methods used by the Western powers to colonise the South Pacific. It first focuses on the informal empire in the last third of the nineteenth century and up to World War I. This is the period in which control is gained by the Western powers but responsibility averted since in most cases sovereignty over the territories concerned is not yet acquired. The legal models established for gaining control – culminating notably in the creation of colonial protectorates and only later annexation – were to some extent the same as those established elsewhere in the globe. But the legal methods used by the British (for whom the Empire had become an ‘intolerable nuisance’) and to a lesser extent the United States (ideologically averse to colonisation) in order to establish initial control, stand out because of the way that each projected their municipal laws; in the case of the British with the humanitarian purpose of ending human trafficking. The second focus of this article is on the more innovative regimes used to colonise the Pacific island territories in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, more specifically those involving joint governance. The condominium emerges as a model of choice to manage disputes between the powers and its use was principally to address their geo-strategic concerns both in the region and globally. Entrenching earlier trends, a tradition of joint governance would later continue into the twentieth century with remarkable similarities to what preceded it.
This article serves as a reminder of the subtle and complex ways in which the law can be instrumentalised to give effect to colonisation. It is timely given the increasing concern today over foreign interference in the South Pacific.
Photographs as Instruments of Public Diplomacy: China’s Visual Storytelling during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hellmann Olli , Oppermann Kai 
Published: March 2022

Summary
This article explores the effectiveness of photographs as instruments of public diplomacy through an analysis of China’s visual storytelling during the Covid-19 outbreak. Beijing considered the pandemic an existential threat to its image and responded with a communications offensive that was designed to highlight the regime’s success in containing the Coronavirus — both at home and abroad — and to safeguard the wider ‘China story’ of a ‘peace-loving and responsible global leader’. By combining scholarship on public diplomacy and strategic narratives with the ‘visual turn’ literature in international relations, this article focuses on the non-verbal dimension of China’s storytelling and explores the impact of photographs — distributed by the regime’s news agency, Xinhua — on international public opinion. Through a survey experiment among 1,000 US adults, we demonstrate that such photographs had a positive effect on China’s international image, but that this effect was moderated by levels of political knowledge among the target audience.
Some Additional Notes on the Ancient Side Flute
Authors: Cinalli Angela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Literary, archaeological, and iconographic testimonies attest to the side flute as an instrument that, from the 4th century BC to the 3rd century AD, played its part in the Greco-Roman musical landscape. Building on the conclusions of recent studies, this contribution aims to add to the discourse some further elements regarding both the panorama that the sources allow us to draw and the structural and acoustic features of the ancient side flute. A detailed analysis of the sources sheds light on more than a name, more than one typology, more than a performative context, for an instrument whose life extended far from the bucolic cliché. Plus, the side-blown reedless headjoint is a distinctive feature of the ancient side flute, documenting an experimental journey through acoustic effectiveness that sees eye to eye with the solutions adopted by modern craftsmanship to enhance sonority and focus.
Interannual Variability of the Warm Arctic–Cold North American Pattern
Authors: Yu Bin , Lin Hai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study examines the evolution of the interannual warm Arctic–cold continents (WACC) pattern over the North American sector, which refers to the warm Arctic–cold North American pattern (WACNA), and explores its driving mechanism. WACNA features a pair of opposite surface air temperature anomalies centered over the Chukchi–Bering Seas and the North American Great Plains. A negative phase of the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern tends to lead a positive phase of the WACNA pattern by about 25 days. Negative Asian–Bering–North American (ABNA)- and Pacific–North American (PNA)-like atmospheric circulation patterns also appear upstream and precede a positive WACNA by about 25 days, gradually develop, reach their peaks when both circulation patterns lead the WACNA by 5 days, and weaken afterward. The negative ABNA-like pattern can be driven by the Siberian snow decline that is related to a negative WACE pattern and its featured Eurasian warming, whereas the negative PNA-like pattern is influenced by negative SST anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean that resemble the tropical ENSO variability. The surface signatures of both patterns highlight a horseshoe-shaped high pressure anomaly straddling over the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, and northwestern Canada. The anomalous warm advection from the North Pacific and cold advection from the Arctic that follow the circulation anomalies, as well as sea ice declines over the Chukchi–Bering Seas and growth over Hudson Bay, lead to the formation of the positive WACNA pattern. Processes with circulation anomalies of opposite signs will likewise lead to the negative WACNA pattern.
A High-Resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimate over Alaska through Kriging-Based Merging of Rain Gauges and Short-Range Regional Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Hoover Brett T. , Otkin Jason A. , Petrescu Eugene M. , Niebuhr Emily 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A method is presented to generate quantitative precipitation estimates over Alaska using kriging to merge sparse, unevenly distributed rain gauge observations with quantitative precipitation forecasts from a three-member ensemble of high-resolution numerical weather prediction models. The estimated error variance of the analysis is computed by starting with the estimated error variance from kriging and then refining the variance in k-fold cross validation by an empirically derived inflation factor. The method combines dynamical model forecast information with observational data to deliver a best linear unbiased estimate of precipitation, along with an analysis uncertainty estimate, that provides a much-needed precipitation analysis in a region where sparse in situ observations, poor coverage by remote sensing platforms, and complex terrain introduce large uncertainties that need to be quantified. For 6-hourly accumulation estimates produced four times daily from 1 August 2019 to 31 July 2020, three analysis configurations are tested to measure the value added by including model forecast data and how those data are best utilized in the analysis. Several directions for further improvement and validation of the analysis product are provided.