bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Interest and Conformity for Eliminating Popularity Bias in Session-Based Recommendation
Authors: Liu Qidong , Tian Feng , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Session-Based Recommendation (SBR) is to predict next item, given an anonymous interaction sequence. Recently, many advanced SBR models show great recommending performance, but few studies note that they suffer from popularity bias seriously: the model tends to recommend popular items and fails to recommend long-tail items. The only few debias works relieve popularity bias indeed. However, they ignore individual's conformity towards popular items and thus decrease recommending performance on popular items. Besides, conformity is always entangled with individual's real interest, which hinders extracting one's comprehensive preference.
To tackle the problem, we propose a SBR framework with Disentangling InteRest And Conformity (DIRAC) for eliminating popularity bias in SBR. In this framework, two group of item encoders and session modeling modules are devised to extract interest and conformity respectively, and a fusion module is designed to combine these two types of preference. Also, a discrepancy loss is utilized to disentangle representation of interest and conformity. Besides, our devised framework can integrate with several SBR models seamlessly. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world datasets with three advanced SBR models. The results show that our framework outperforms other state-of-art debias methods consistently.
Electrical Impedance Tomography Imaging of Oxygen Therapy with High Flow Nasal Cannula in Patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Öner Özlem , Ergan Begüm , Duğral Esra , Kızıl Ayşe Sezin , Gürkok Mehmet Çağatay , Gökmen Ali Necati 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study is to visualize the effect of a high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) followed up in intensive care unit (ICU) with the use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Methods Two different flow rates oxygen therapy in supine and prone positions were applied to the patients with HFNC. Patients’ EIT-based parameters (global inhomogeneity index (GI index), Center of Ventilation (CoV), Regional Ventilation Delay index (RVD index), Region of Interest Ratio (ROI ratio)), respiratory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded from the database.ResultsTwenty patients were included in this retrospective observational study.When the flow rate gradually increased from baseline to 50 L/min and prone position; a significant and consistent descreasing trend of GI index: 0,55±0,02 (p < 0.0001), CoV: 42,98±0,93 (p <0.0001), RVD index: 3,38±1,13 (p = 0.006), ROI ratio:1,39±0,16 (p <0.0001), respiartory rate: 21,3±3,57 (p < 0.0001), mean arterial pressure: 81,5±10,95 (p=0.004) and inreasing PaO2/FiO2. ratio (partial arterial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen): 203,1±33,44 ((p < 0.0001) were observed. ConclusionIt was found that lung homogeneity in following C-ARDS patients in the prone position increases according to the evaluation of EIT parameters, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters.
Dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in multiple primary lung cancer by single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Guo Wei , Xia Hao , Huai Qilin , Xue Xuemin , Guo Lei , Tan Fengwei , Zhao Jun , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , He Jie , Zhou Bolun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The progression of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) involves complex changes in cell composition and metabolic function. Here, we performed scRNA sequencing of 167,397 cells from six patients with MPLC, combined with bulk whole-exome sequencing. We revealed that both naïve and memory T cells participate in the differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The terminal states of CD8+ T cells are exhausted T cells, which respond to stimuli and positively regulate cell death, and cytotoxic T cells, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of cytokine production. Multiple functional Tregs and naïve T cells contribute to the origin of CD4+ T cells. B cells, with two main functions, also play important roles in the immune response. We also uncovered the cellular metabolic activities that occur during tumor invasion. Positive regulation of blood vessel diameter has been observed in endothelial cells, while angiogenesis has not been found in early glandular neoplasia of the lung. The development of epithelial cells involves two functional states. In one state, cells respond to stress from the immune system, and in the other, some will undergo programmed cell death or enter the cell cycle due to the selective pressure that arises over the course of tumor development in synchronous MPLC. Our study showed the complete landscape of different dynamic cellular changes, which might reveal the key cellular mechanisms of MPLC and therefore provide new clues for the pathogenesis of tumors.
Heavy Metals in Alcoholic Beverages Consumed in Awka, South-East Nigeria: Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessments
Authors: OKAFOR VINCENT , Omokpariola Daniel Omeodisemi , Okabekwa Chiamaka Valerine , Umezinwa Emmanuel Chukwuanu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Consumption of alcoholic beverages has been a long-standing tradition that dates back to the use of fruit-based cereals and vegetable substrates. Selected international, national, and local-based alcoholic beverages (herbal gin, imported red wine, Heineken, imported dry gin, local dry gin, palm wine, Guinness stout, and whisky) were purchased from popular drinking joints in Awka metropolis, Anambra state, Nigeria, where questionnaires were administered to respondents in order to get the actual consumption rate. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) were analyzed. Background references from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Organization of Grapes and Wines (IOGW) were used to assess contamination and pollution potential. After determining the average daily intake (ADI) for non-carcinogenesis and carcinogenesis, the hazard index and overall cancer risk were calculated using reference dosage and cancer slope factor. Heavy metal analysis showed that Cu and Zn were found to be the most prevalent in all alcoholic beverages. There are no known health risks as a result of the contamination and pollution potential. Heineken and palm wine were both above 1 on the hazard index, indicating that there were potential health issues. However, cancer risk analysis revealed that all beverages were above the US EPA's recommended range of 1.00E06–1.00E04, implying that cancer-related illness is likely in a population of 1 in 1000 to 10,000 people. As a result, alcoholic beverage manufacturers should strive for continuous improvement in order to avoid public health issues.
Overweight Ecuadorian undergraduate medical students show higher levels of daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Quito, Ecuador.
Authors: Fors Martha , González Paloma , Ascuntar Nathalia , Viada Carmen , Falcón Kirsten , Fernandez-Moreira Esteban 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Some studies have demonstrated the association between overweight or obesity and sleep, specifically with poor sleep quality. The objective of this paper is to examine the association between sleep quality, excessive somnolence with body mass index (BMI) in medical students.Method: This cross-sectional study included 219 subjects. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and somnolence with Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).Results: The overall mean BMI was 23.08 kg/m2. We found that 17.4% of the students were overweight or obese. The mean value for ESS was 10.21±3.98 points, showing that 42.0% of all the students has diurnal sleepiness. The mean score for PSQI was of 8.04±2.78 and we observed that 86.3% of the students had poor quality of sleep. PSQI index was higher in overweight and obese students. The mean self-reported nightly sleep duration was 6.3 hours and 37.5% of the students has a sleep efficiency under 85%. Poor sleep quality and BMI were significantly and positive correlated. Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is a common condition in medical students among overweight and obese subjects.
Lumbar multifidus muscle morphology is associated with low back-related pain duration, disability, and leg pain: a cross-sectional study in secondary care.
Authors: Cooley Jeffrey , Kjaer Per , Jensen Tue , Jacques Angela , Theroux Jean , Hebert Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background: Systematic reviews and studies exploring associations between morphologic change of paraspinal muscles and low back pain or related outcomes such as disability, radiculopathy, and physical workload, have reported conflicting results. This study explores the associations between lumbar multifidus muscle quality and clinical outcomes related to low back pain.Methods: Cross-sectional study of spinal clinic outpatients presenting with a primary complaint of low back and/or leg symptoms. Univariable and multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between MRI-based multifidus muscle cross-sectional area at L4 and L5 and clinical outcomes for low back and leg pain, disability, restricted motion, and strenuous nature of work. Results were reported with β-coefficients, odds ratios (OR), or incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, based on a 10% difference in muscle quality for each clinical variable. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.Results: 875 patients [487 females; mean (SD) age: 43.6 (10.2) years] were included. In the multivariable analyses, muscle quality was significantly associated with disability (0-23 scale) [β: -0.74, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.34], leg pain intensity (0-10 scale) [β: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.46, -0.03], and current pain duration of more than 12 months [OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55]. No associations were found for low back pain intensity, morning stiffness, painful active range of motion, or work nature.Conclusions: Patients with higher lumbar multifidus muscle quality reported lower levels of low back pain-related disability and leg pain intensity, indicating that muscle quality may play a role in the etiology of lumbar spine disorders. However, the clinical importance of these associations is uncertain. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the effect of lumbar multifidus muscle quality on lumbar-related pain and disability.
Analysis of related factors of primary and recurrent fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhu Xiaonan , Chen Lin , Zeng Yuexi , Fu Qiang , Liu Yanbin , Peng Yongde , Wang Yufan , You Li , pan ling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the factors associated with primary and recurrent fractures in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2478 postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients who attended the Shanghai General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016, including 1239 patients with no fractures and 1239 patients with a history of fracture (1008 in the primary fracture group and 231 in the re-fracture group). All patients' basic clinical data, serum biochemical and bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and other indicators were recorded uniformly. SPSS.26 was used for statistical analysis.Results: 1. Compared with the non-fractured group, the fractured group had higher age, lower height, and lower bone mineral density (all P<0.01). The re-fractured group had lower bone mineral density than the primary fracture group at each key site (all P<0.01). 2. Analysis of the combined disease subgroups showed that: 1) the serum BGP level was lower in the subgroup with diabetes in the primary fracture group than in the subgroup without diabetes (P<0.05). 2) The recurrent fracture group with diabetes had lower serum CTX and BGP levels than the subgroup without diabetes (P<0.05); the subgroup with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases had lower bone mineral density than the subgroup without cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (P<0.05); 3) In the subgroup with diabetes, the subgroup with recurrent fracture had lower serum CTX levels than the subgroup with primary fracture (P<0.05); in the subgroup with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the subgroup with recurrent fracture had lower bone mineral density than the subgroup with primary fracture. 3. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, overweight, low lumbar spine and total hip BMD, and combined chronic liver and kidney diseases were independent risk factors for primary fractures; advanced age, overweight, low lumbar spine and total hip BMD were independent risk factors for recurrent fractures. ﻿Conclusion: Postmenopausal osteoporotic patients with advanced age, overweight, low bone mineral density, and comorbid chronic liver and kidney diseases are at greater risk of fractures and require early intervention to reduce fractures occurrence. Moreover, those who are elderly, overweight, and have low bone density should also be aware of the risk of re-fractures.
A new causative heat supply for exertional heat stroke on runners in cold air
Authors: Tagami Kazumi , Yuan Shenghua , Ota-Kotner Adriana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The dysregulation in heat balance, the main cause of exertional heat stroke, occurs not only in midsummer but also in the cold season. Possible causes of this are a reduction in convection and evaporation due to tailwinds and an acceleration of radiant heat inflow. Although the amount of radiant heat that reaches the surface can be estimated, the actual amount of heat flows into the body cannot be specified yet. This paper made an experimental attempt for this.
METHODS
A device is made up of a temperature controllable heat sink and heat flow detector, which keeps the surface temperature constant and has a heat exchange coefficient comparable to that of the human body surface. The output of this device (total heat exchange) was divided into radiant heat exchange and other heat exchange using a standard radiant heat calibrator, Leslie Cube.
RESULTS
A phenomenon, in which a wet surface while the surface temperature was low absorbed larger heat than that of the dry surface, was found. And authors named this "hidden heat inflow". As a result of multiple regression analyses, both radiant heat exchange and other heat exchanges are closely related to the surface temperature, and the maximum difference in total heat exchange during the experiment reached 200 kcal/m2/h. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may also occur on the surface of human skin.
DISCUSSION
One of the causes of this “hidden heat inflow” is considered to be the decrease in evaporative cooling due to the decrease in surface temperature. However, this alone cannot explain all of the phenomena, so water vapor aggregation may also be involved. A "hidden heat inflow" as a sufficient heat source for exertional heat stroke or collapse during a marathon race on a cold day was evidenced experimentally.
Contribution value: A indicator for measuring the contribution of ncRNAs to transcriptome
Authors: Gu Xinyi , Wang Shen , Jin Bo , Qi Zhidan , Deng Jin , Huang Chen , Yin Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The log2 fold change (FC) and P value are often the main basis for screening ncRNA after high-throughput sequencing. Considering the strong regulatory function of ncRNAs on genes, we tried to propose a new indicator Contribution value (C value) to quantify the regulatory effect of ncRNAs on the transcriptome, in order to better screen ncRNAs with great potential. In this study, we analyzed multiple data sets from mice and humans. All differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used as parent sets for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. C values were calculated based on the target genes of ncRNAs and the pathways they participate in. The ncRNAs screened by C value regulated more DEGs, and these DEGs were more concentrated in the core region of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In addition, disease-critical ncRNAs are easier to be screened by C value. Collectively, we found that the C value provides a measure of another dimension compared with the log2FC and P value. These hidden interactions between ncRNAs and their target genes may provide more comprehensive analysis.
Characterizing mobility patterns of forest goersin southern Lao PDR using GPS loggers.
Authors: Rerolle Francois , Dantzer Emily , Phimmakong Toula , Lover Andrew , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Marshall John , Sturrock Hugh , Bennett Adam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), forest-going populations are considered high-risk populations for malaria and are increasingly targeted by national control programs’ elimination efforts. A better understanding of forest-going populations’ mobility patterns and risk associated with specific types of forest-going trips is necessary for countries in the GMS to achieve their objective of eliminating malaria by 2030.
Methods
Between March and November 2018, as part of a focal test and treat intervention (FTAT), we recruited 2,904 forest-goers in southern Lao PDR. A subset of forest-goers carried an “i-Got-U” GPS logger for roughly two months, configured to collect GPS coordinates every 15 to 30 minutes. The utilization distribution (UD) surface around each GPS trajectory was used to extract trips to the forest and forest-fringes. Trips with shared mobility characteristics in terms of duration, timing and forest penetration were identified by a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Then, clusters of trips with increased exposure to dominant malaria vectors in the region were further classified as high-risk. Finally, we used gradient boosting trees to assess which of the forest-goers’ socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics best predicted their likelihood to engage in such high-risk trips.
Results
A total of 122 forest-goers accepted carrying a GPS logger resulting in the collection of 803 trips to the forest or forest-fringes. Six clusters of trips emerged, helping to classify 385 (48%) trips with increased exposure to malaria vectors based on high forest penetration and whether the trip happened overnight. Age, outdoor sleeping structures and number of children were the best predictors of forest-goers’ probability of engaging in high-risk trips. The probability of engaging in high-risk trips was high (~ 33%) in all strata of the forest-going population.
Conclusion
This study characterized the heterogeneity within the mobility patterns of forest-goers and attempted to further segment their role in malaria transmission in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). National control programs across the region can leverage these results to tailor their interventions and messaging to high-risk populations and accelerate malaria elimination.
The Therapeutic Potential of Urolithin A for Cancer Treatment and
Prevention
Authors: Rogovskii Vladimir S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Urolithin A is the metabolite of natural polyphenol ellagic acid and ellagitannins
generated by gut microbiota. Urolithin A is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract than its parent
substances. Thus, the variable effects of ellagitannin-reach food (like pomegranate fruit, walnuts,
tea, and others) on people's health might be linked with the differences in individual microbiota content.
Urolithin A possesses various anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, as shown by in vivo and in
vitro studies.

Objective:
In the current review, we consider anti-inflammatory and direct anti-cancer urolithin A effects
as well as their molecular mechanisms, which might be the basement of clinical trials, estimating
urolithin A anti-cancer effects.

Conclusion:
Urolithin A attenuated the pro-inflammatory factors production (IL-6, IL-1β, NOS2 and
others) in vitro studies. Oral urolithin A treatment caused prominent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory
action in various in vivo studies, including colitis rat model, carrageenan-induced paw edema mice
model, models of pancreatic cancer, and models of obesity. The main molecular mechanisms of these
effects might be the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors, which antagonism may lead to decreasing
of chronic inflammation. Other primary targets of urolithin A might be the processes of protein
phosphorylation (for instance, it decreases the phosphorylation of protein kinase B) and p53 stabilization.
Anti-inflammatory effects of urolithin A can be reached in physiologically relevant concentrations.
This might be of vital importance for preventing immune suppression associated with chronic inflammation
in cancer. Considering the favorable urolithin A safety profile, it is a promising compound for
cancer treatment and prevention.
Diagnosis and Management of Monogenic Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Jones Olivia , Chakera Ali J , Edensor Samantha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Monogenic diabetes occurs in up to 3% of people with diabetes. Mutations in over 40
different genes are responsible. The most common genes affected are HNF1A, HNF4A, GCK, and
HNF1B. Additionally, other types of diabetes with a genetic aetiology include neonatal diabetes
and diabetes plus syndrome. Each of these genetic subtypes has a different phenotype and requires
distinctive treatments. Due to the overlap of monogenic diabetes with type 1 and 2 diabetes and
even gestational diabetes, they can often be misdiagnosed. During pregnancy, individual subtypes
require treatment that is different from standard diabetes care, so recognition and prompt diagnosis
of monogenic diabetes are important to avoid inadequate treatment.
We describe the management of monogenic diabetes for the most significant subtypes, focussing
on the impact on and management in pregnancy.
A genetic diagnosis of diabetes can alter long-term treatment in those with diabetes. In pregnancy
and the postnatal period, this can involve specific management changes determined by the gene affected
and whether there is a fetal inheritance of the gene. Where inheritance of the genotype influences
the outcomes, cell-free fetal testing will hopefully soon become a diagnostic tool for early
recognition of fetal mutations.

Conclusion:
A genetic diagnosis of diabetes can alter long-term treatment in those with diabetes. In pregnancy and the postnatal period, this can involve specific management changes determined by the gene affected and whether there is fetal inheritance of the gene. Where inheritance of the genotype influences the outcomes, cell-free fetal testing will hopefully soon become a diagnostic tool for early recognition of fetal mutations.