bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otosclerosis under microCT: New insights into the disease and its anatomy
Authors: O'Toole Bom Braga Gabriela , Zboray Robert , Parrilli Annapaola , Bulatović Milica , Caversaccio Marco Domenico , Wagner Franca 
Published: August 2022

PurposeOtospongiotic plaques can be seen on conventional computed tomography (CT) as focal lesions around the cochlea. However, the resolution remains insufficient to enable evaluation of intracochlear damage. MicroCT technology provides resolution at the single micron level, offering an exceptional amplified view of the otosclerotic cochlea. In this study, a non-decalcified otosclerotic cochlea was analyzed and reconstructed in three dimensions for the first time, using microCT technology. The pre-clinical relevance of this study is the demonstration of extensive pro-inflammatory buildup inside the cochlea which cannot be seen with conventional cone-beam CT (CBCT) investigation.Materials and MethodsA radiological and a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical study of an otosclerotic cochlea using microCT technology is presented here for the first time. 3D-segmentation of the human cochlea was performed, providing an unprecedented view of the diseased area without the need for decalcification, sectioning, or staining.ResultsUsing microCT at single micron resolution and geometric reconstructions, it was possible to visualize the disease's effects. These included intensive tissue remodeling and highly vascularized areas with dilated capillaries around the spongiotic foci seen on the pericochlear bone. The cochlea's architecture as a morphological correlate of the otosclerosis was also seen. With a sagittal cut of the 3D mesh, it was possible to visualize intense ossification of the cochlear apex, as well as the internal auditory canal, the modiolus, the spiral ligament, and a large cochleolith over the osseous spiral lamina. In addition, the oval and round windows showed intense fibrotic tissue formation and spongiotic bone with increased vascularization. Given the recently described importance of the osseous spiral lamina in hearing mechanics and that, clinically, one of the signs of otosclerosis is the Carhart notch observed on the audiogram, a tonotopic map using the osseous spiral lamina as region of interest is presented. An additional quantitative study of the porosity and width of the osseous spiral lamina is reported.ConclusionIn this study, structural anatomical alterations of the otosclerotic cochlea were visualized in 3D for the first time. MicroCT suggested that even though the disease may not appear to be advanced in standard clinical CT scans, intense tissue remodeling is already ongoing inside the cochlea. That knowledge will have a great impact on further treatment of patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss.
Mobility and Policy Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: Cepaluni Gabriel , Dorsch Michael T. , Kovarek Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Objective: This paper quantitatively explores determinants of governments’ non-pharmaceutical policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus is on the extent to which geographic mobility affected the stringency of governmental policy responses.Methods: Using cross-country, daily frequency data on geographic mobility and COVID-19 policy stringency during 2020, we investigate some of the determinants of policy responses to COVID-19. In order to causally identify the effect of geographic mobility on policy stringency, we pursue an instrumental variable strategy that exploits climate data to identify arguably exogenous variation in geographic mobility.Results: We find that societies that are more geographically mobile have governmental policy responses that are less stringent. Examining disaggregated mobility data, we show that the negative relation between geographic mobility and policy stringency is the stronger for commercially-oriented movements than for geographic movements that relate to civil society.Conclusion: The results suggest that policy-makers are more willing to trade-off public health for economic concerns relative to other civil concerns.
Midterm Results of the Open and Minimally Invasive Transversus Abdominis Release Technique for the Treatment of Abdominal Wall Hernias in an Academic Center
Authors: Quezada Nicolás , Grimoldi Milenko , Jacubovsky Ioram , Besser Nicolás , Riveros Sergio , Achurra Pablo , Crovari Fernando 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Large hernia defects are a challenge for general and specialized hernia surgeons. The transversus abdominis release (TAR) technique has revolutionized the treatment of complex hernias since it allows the closure of large midline hernias, as well as hernias in different locations. This study aims to report the experience with the TAR technique and mid-term results in the first 101 patients.Methods: Non-concurrent cohort review of our prospectively collected electronic database. All patients submitted to a TAR (open or minimally invasive eTEP-TAR) from 2017 to 2020 were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, hernia characteristics, preoperative optimization, intraoperative variables, and clinical outcomes were gathered. The main outcomes of this study are hernia recurrences and surgical morbidity.Results: A total of 101 patients were identified. The median follow-up was 26 months. Mean age and body mass index was 63 years and 31.4 Kg/m2, respectively. Diabetes was present in 22% of patients and 43% had at least one previous hernia repair. Nineteen patients had significant loss of domain. Mean hernia size and area were 13 cm and 247 cm2, respectively. Ninety-six percent of cases were clean or clean-contaminated. The mean operative time was 164 min and all patients received a synthetic mesh. We diagnosed two hernia recurrences and the overall (medical and surgical) complication rate was 32%. The hernia-specific complication rate was 17%, with seven surgical site infections and seven surgical site occurrences requiring procedural interventions. Notably, weight loss was associated with a lower risk of SSOPI and reoperations.Conclusion: We show an encouraging 2% of recurrences in the mid-term follow-up in the setting of clinically complex hernia repair. However, we observed a high frequency of overall and hernia-specific complications pointing to the complexity of the type of surgery itself and the patients we operated on.
Tumor-Derived Exosomal RNA From Fine-Needle Aspiration Supernatant as a Novel Liquid Biopsy for Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Li Guorong , Liu Dongdong , Flandrin Pascale , Zhang Yang , Lambert Claude , Mallouk Nora , Cottier Michèle 
Published: August 2022

Background: We hypothesized that the fine needle aspiration (FNA) supernatant from tumor might contain tumor-derived exosomes. The objective of this pilot study was to test if tumor-derived exosomal RNA could be found in FNA supernatants for molecular diagnosis of cancer.Methods: 10 FNA samples from pancreatic tumor were included. After the routine recuperation of cellular material by centrifugation, the cell-free Cytolyt liquid was collected instead of being discarded. 10 ml Cytolyt was used to isolate the exosomes. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the presence of exosomes. The exosomal marker CD63 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The exosomal RNA was extracted. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the GAPDH and the tumor marker of glypican 1 gene expression.Results: TEM confirmed the presence of exosomes from FNA supernatants. Flow cytometry showed a strong positive expression of exosome marker CD63. The concentration of exosomal RNA ranged from 18.81 to 354.75 ng/μl with an average of 81.76 ng/μl. The average exosomal RNA quantity was 1390.01 ng (range from 319.77 to 6030.75 ng) with an average 260/280 ratio of 2.12. GAPDH was detectable in all samples. Exosomal glypican 1 was detected in all samples of pancreatic ductal adenorcarcinomas (3/3) and absent from benign cystic samples (3/3). Furthermore, exosomal glypican 1 was positive in one sample with a non-contributive cytology and in one sample in which no malignant cell was found.Conclusion: This is the first report that the supernatants from FNA biopsy may contain tumor-derived exosomal RNA. These tumor-derived exosomes from FNA may provide a new liquid biopsy for the molecular diagnosis of cancer.
Follow-Up of Offspring Born to Parents With a Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meinderts Jildau R. , Prins Jelmer R. , Berger Stefan P. , De Jong Margriet F. C. 
Published: August 2022

Pregnancy after solid organ transplantation (SOT) has potential risks for the offspring. Most existing research focused on short-term pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate available data concerning longer term outcomes (&gt;1 year) of these children. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, of PubMed and Embase was performed from the earliest date of inception through to 6th April 2022. Publications on all types of (combined) SOT were eligible for inclusion. In total, 53 articles were included. The majority assessed offspring after kidney (78% of offspring) or liver transplantation (17% of offspring). 33 studies included offspring aged &gt;4 years and five offspring aged &gt;18 years. One study was included on fathers with SOT. The majority of the 1,664 included children after maternal SOT had normal intellectual, psychomotor, and behavioral development. Although prematurity and low birth weight were commonly present, regular growth after 1 year of age was described. No studies reported opportunistic or chronic infections or abnormal response to vaccinations. In general, pregnancy after SOT appears to have reassuring longer term outcomes for the offspring. However, existing information is predominantly limited to studies with young children. Longer prospective studies with follow-up into adulthood of these children are warranted.
Field analyses of thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators with different electrode edge ratio using full three dimensional finite element method simulation
Authors: He Yiwen , Wong Yu-Po , Wu Ting , Bao Jingfu , Hashimoto Ken-ya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper is aimed at revealing origins of spurious resonances and Q deterioration of thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators (TSBARs) with the edge ratio W

x
/W

y
of rectangular electrodes by a field analyses. Here, W

x
and W

y
are distances between side edges giving the broadband and standard piston designs, respectively. The field distribution is calculated by applying traceback technique to the full three dimensional finite element method based on hierarchical cascading technique, its variation with the edge ratio is studied in detail, with assistance of the wavenumber domain analysis. The result indicates that the mode conversion and the leakage occur at the bump region causing Q reduction, and generated hybrid modes causing spurious resonances. The former is significant when W

x
/W

y
is large and the latter becomes obvious when W

x
/W

y
is small.
FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND STATE REGULATION OF TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC
Authors: Агаева Лилия Кябировна , Уденцова Наталья Сергеевна 
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования сферы туризма Российской Федерации в условиях пандемии. Выделены основные тенденции развития туризма. Представлены государственные меры поддержки сферы туризма в целях устранения негативного влияния пандемии.
The article discusses the peculiarities of the functioning of the tourism sector of the Russian Federation in the conditions of a pandemic. The main trends in the development of tourism are highlighted. The state measures to support the tourism sector in order to eliminate the negative impact of the pandemic are presented.
PROPOSALS FOR THE RESTORATION OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND RECLAMATION IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY
Authors: Кирейчева Людмила Владимировна , Яшин Валерий Михайлович , Ялалова Гульшат Халиловна 
Published: August 2022

Представлены материалы исследований функционирования орошаемого земледелия в Ставропольском крае. На основе данных официальной статистики рассмотрена динамика урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур за период с 2000 по 2021 годы, показана ее высокая вариативность несмотря на благоприятные природные условия. Средняя урожайность значительно ниже природного потенциала, что указывает на необходимость развития орошения и реализации агрохимических мероприятий. Даны предложения по совершенствованию инвестиционной и технологической политики в области мелиорации.
The materials of studies of the functioning of irrigated agriculture in the Stavropol Territory are presented. Based on official statistics, the dynamics of crop yields for the period from 2000 to 2021 is considered, its high variability is shown despite favorable natural conditions. The average yield is significantly below the natural potential, which indicates the need for the development of irrigation and the implementation of agrochemical measures. Proposals are given to improve the investment and technological policy in the field of land reclamation.
Observations of Instability-driven Nanojets in Coronal Loops
Authors: Sukarmadji A. Ramada C. , Antolin Patrick , McLaughlin James A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The recent discovery of nanojets by Antolin et al. represents magnetic reconnection in a braided field, thus clearly identifying reconnection-driven nanoflares. Due to their small scale (500 km in width, 1500 km in length) and short timescales (<15 s), it is unclear how pervasive nanojets are in the solar corona. In this paper, we present Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Solar Dynamics Observatory observations of nanojets found in multiple coronal structures, namely, in a coronal loop powered by a blowout jet, and in two other coronal loops with coronal rain. In agreement with previous findings, we observe that nanojets are accompanied by small nanoflare-like intensity bursts in the (E)UV, have velocities of 150–250 km s−1 and occur transversely to the field line of origin, which is sometimes observed to split. However, we find a variety of nanojet directions in the plane transverse to the loop axis. These nanojets are found to have kinetic and thermal energies within the nanoflare range, and often occur in clusters. In the blowout jet case study, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) is directly identified as the reconnection driver. For the other two loops, we find that both, KHI and Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) are likely to be the drivers. However, we find that KHI and RTI are each more likely in one of the other two cases. These observations of nanojets in a variety of structures and environments support nanojets being a general result of reconnection that are driven here by dynamic instabilities.
Space-weather-driven Variations in Lyα Absorption Signatures of Exoplanet Atmospheric Escape: MHD Simulations and the Case of AU Mic b
Authors: Cohen Ofer , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Drake Jeremy J. , Harbach Laura M. , Garraffo Cecilia , Fraschetti Federico 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We simulate the space environment around AU Microscopii b and the interaction between the magnetized stellar wind and a planetary atmospheric outflow for ambient stellar wind conditions and coronal mass ejection (CME) conditions. We also calculate synthetic Lyα absorption due to neutral hydrogen in the ambient and the escaping planetary atmosphere affected by this interaction. We find that the Lyα absorption is highly variable owing to the highly varying stellar wind conditions. A strong Doppler blueshift component is observed in the Lyα profile, in contradiction to the actual escape velocity observed in the simulations themselves. This result suggests that the strong Doppler blueshift is likely attributed to the stellar wind, not the escaping neutral atmosphere, either through its advection of neutral planetary gas or through the creation of a fast neutral flow via charge exchange between the stellar wind ions and the planetary neutrals. Indeed, our CME simulations indicate a strong stripping of magnetospheric material from the planet, including some of the neutral escaping atmosphere. Our simulations show that the pressure around close-in exoplanets is not much lower, and may be even higher, than the pressure at the top of the planetary atmosphere. Thus, the neutral atmosphere is hydrodynamically escaping with a very small velocity (<15 km s−1). Moreover, our simulations show that an MHD treatment is essential in order to properly capture the coupled magnetized stellar wind and the escaping atmosphere, despite the atmosphere being neutral. This coupling should be considered when interpreting Lyα observations in the context of exoplanets’ atmospheric escape.
Reconnection Outflow Reversal Associated with Ion-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Earth's Midtail: ARTEMIS Observations and Reconstruction Results
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A rare reconnection outflow reversal in the Earth's midtail observed by the two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) probes, is presented. During the event, two ion-scale magnetic flux ropes were separately observed by THC in the earthward and tailward reconnection outflows that were adjacent and accompanied, respectively, by the positive and negative normal magnetic field components to the current sheet. The two flux ropes were separated by ∼2.75 minutes and at the center of the flux ropes, the magnetic field strength was enhanced with a large core field. Comparison results of the convection and measured electric fields reveal that the ions and the magnetic fields were decoupled in the regions surrounding the two flux ropes. The two-dimensional magnetic field maps from the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction show that the diameters of the two flux ropes were similar, being ∼7.1 and ∼7.9 ion inertial lengths, but the aspect ratios of the width to the length were different, being ∼0.35 and ∼0.47. Moreover, one of the reconstructed field maps suggests that multiple x-lines may exist in the midtail reconnection and that the traveling compression region of the flux rope was seen at THB. The angle between the axial orientations of the two flux ropes was large, being ∼55°, and their axes were tilted away from the direction of the reconnection guide field, in agreement with the earlier studies of the magnetotail flux ropes.
Square Root Compression and Noise Effects in Digitally Transformed Images
Authors: DeForest Craig E. , Lowder Chris , Seaton Daniel B. , West Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on a particular example of noise and data representation interacting to introduce systematic error into scientific measurements. Many instruments collect integer digitized values and apply nonlinear coding, in particular square root coding, to compress the data for transfer or downlink; this can introduce surprising systematic errors when they are decoded for analysis. Square root coding and subsequent decoding typically introduces a variable ±1 count value-dependent systematic bias in the data after reconstitution. This is significant when large numbers of measurements (e.g., image pixels) are averaged together. Using direct modeling of the probability distribution of particular coded values in the presence of instrument noise, one may apply Bayes’ theorem to construct a decoding table that reduces this error source to a very small fraction of a digitizer step; in our example, systematic error from square root coding is reduced by a factor of 20 from 0.23 to 0.012 count rms. The method is suitable both for new experiments such as the upcoming PUNCH mission, and also for post facto application to existing data sets—even if the instrument noise properties are only loosely known. Further, the method does not depend on the specifics of the coding formula, and may be applied to other forms of nonlinear coding or representation of data values.
A Model RRNet for Spectral Information Exploitation and LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectrum Parameter Estimation
Authors: Xiong Shengchun , Li Xiangru , Liao Caixiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a residual recurrent neural network (RRNet) for synthetically extracting spectral information and estimating stellar atmospheric parameters together with 15 chemical element abundances for medium-resolution spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). The RRNet consists of two fundamental modules: a residual module and a recurrent module. The residual module extracts spectral features based on the longitudinally driving power from parameters, while the recurrent module recovers spectral information and restrains the negative influences from noises based on Cross-band Belief Enhancement. RRNet is trained by the spectra from common stars between LAMOST DR7 and the APOGEE-Payne catalog. The 17 stellar parameters and their uncertainties for 2.37 million medium-resolution spectra from LAMOST DR7 are predicted. For spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 10, the precision of estimations (T
eff and log g) are 88 K and 0.13 dex, respectively, elements C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ni are 0.05–0.08 dex, and N, O, S, K, Ti, Cr, and Mn are 0.09–0.14 dex, while that of Cu is 0.19 dex. Compared with StarNet and SPCANet, RRNet shows higher accuracy and robustness. In comparison to Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Galactic Archaeology with HERMES surveys, RRNet manifests good consistency within a reasonable range of bias. Finally, this work releases a catalog of 2.37 million medium-resolution spectra from the LAMOST DR7, the source code, the trained model, and the experimental data, respectively, for astronomical science exploration and data-processing algorithm research reference.
Wavelengths and Energy Levels of Singly Ionized Nickel (Ni ii) Measured Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Clear Christian P. , Pickering Juliet C. , Nave Gillian , Uylings Peter , Raassen Ton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-resolution spectra of singly ionized nickel (Ni ii) have been recorded using Fourier transform spectroscopy in the region 143–5555 nm (1800–70,000 cm−1) with continuous, nickel–helium hollow cathode discharge sources. An extensive analysis of identified Ni ii lines resulted in the confirmation and revision of 283 previously reported energy levels, from the ground state up to the 3d
8(
M

L)6s subconfigurations. Typical energy-level uncertainties are a few thousandths of a cm−1, representing at least an order-of-magnitude reduction in uncertainty with respect to previous measurements. Twenty-five new energy levels have now been established and are reported here for the first time. Eigenvector compositions of the energy levels have been calculated using the orthogonal operator method. In total, 159 even and 149 odd energy levels and 1424 classified line wavelengths of Ni ii are reported and will enable more accurate and reliable analyses of Ni ii in astrophysical spectra.