bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodal and osseous oligometastatic prostate cancer: a cohort including the introduction of PSMA-PET/CT-guided stereotactic and hypofractionated radiotherapy with elective nodal therapy
Authors: Gawish Ahmed , Walke Matthias , Röllich Burkard , Ochel Hans-Joachim , Brunner Thomas B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Oligometastatic prostate cancer is heavily investigated, and conventionally fractionated elective nodal treatment appears to increase biochemical relapse-free (bRFS) survival. The novelty of this report is to present elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) with simultaneous integrated boost with stereotactic (SBRT) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (HoFRT) for tolerance and for bRFS which we compared with SBRT of the involved field (IF) only.

Materials and methods
Patients between 2018 and 2021 with and oligometastatic prostate cancer treated with SBRT or hypofractionation were eligible. A radiobiologically calculated simultaneous integrated boost approach enabled to encompass elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) with high doses to PSMA-positive nodes. A second group had only involved field (IF) nodal SBRT.

Results
A total of 44 patients with 80 lesions of initially intermediate- (52%) or high-risk (48%) D’Amico omPC were treated with SBRT to all visible PSMA-PET/CT lesions and 100% of the treated lesions were locally controlled after a median follow-up was 18 months (range 3–42 months). Most lesions (56/80; 70%) were nodal and the remainder osseous. Median bPFS was 16 months and ADT-free bPFS 18 months. ENRT (31 patients) versus IF (13 patients) prevented regional relapse more successfully. At univariate analysis, both initial PSA and length of the interval between primary diagnosis and biochemical failure were significant for biochemical control. Treatment was well tolerated and only two patients had toxicity ≥ grade 3 (1 GU and 1 GI, each).

Discussion/conclusion
SBRT and hypofractionated radiotherapy at curative doses with ENRT was more effective to delay ADT than IF, controlled all treated lesions and was well tolerated.
Clinical, laboratory, pathological, and radiological characteristics and prognosis of patients with pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Xiao , Gu Yumei , Zhang Shu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumor (PSGT) included two main subtypes, pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) and pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC). The purpose of this study was to compare the similarities and differences between these two subtypes and to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of PSGT patients.

Methods
This study screened patients with a pathological diagnosis of PSGT in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2010 and 2021. The clinical, pathological, radiological, laboratory test, and other characteristics were collected, and t, nonparametric and chi-squared tests were used to compare the differences in clinical characteristics of the two subtypes. COX univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore prognostic-related risk factors.

Results
A total of 62 patients with PSGT were included in our center over a 12-year period. There were 26 PMEC patients and 36 PACC patients. There were differences in the clinical, pathological, and radiological features of the two tumor subtypes. Univariate analysis showed that weight loss, chemotherapy, white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, total protein, and total bilirubin might be related to the prognosis in PSGT patients. Multivariate results showed that lymphocytes (p = 0.031), red blood cells (p = 0.047), total protein (p = 0.032), and total bilirubin (p = 0.010) were independent prognostic risk factors. Chemotherapy (HR 4.452; 95% CI 1.723–11.503; p = 0.002) might be associated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Conclusion
The two subtypes of PSGT had significantly different clinical, laboratory, pathological, and radiological features. However, there was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients with PMEC and PACC subtypes. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses showed that levels of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, total protein and total bilirubin in the peripheral blood of PSGT patients might be related to patient overall survival. Chemotherapy might also be associated with PFS.
Changes in the TMS-evoked potential N100 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a function of depression severity in adolescents
Authors: Biermann Lea , Wunram Heidrun Lioba , Pokorny Lena , Breitinger Eva , Großheinrich Nicola , Jarczok Tomasz Antoni , Bender Stephan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies using transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) revealed an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in depression. As adolescence is a developmental period with an increase in depression prevalence and profound neural changes, it is crucial to study the relationship between depression and cortical excitability in adolescence. We aimed to investigate the cortical excitability of the DLPFC in adolescents with depression and a dependency of the TMS-evoked potential N100 on the depression severity. 36 clinical patients (12–18 years of age; 21 females) with a major depressive episode were assessed twice in a longitudinal design: shortly after admission (T0) and after six weeks of intervention (T1). GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition in the left and right DLPFC, as assessed by the N100, was recorded with EEG. Significantly higher depression scores were reported at T0 compared to T1 (p < 0.001). N100 amplitudes were significantly increased (i.e., more negative) at T0 compared to T1 (p = 0.03). No significant hemispheric difference was found in the N100 component. The correlation between the difference in depression severity and the difference in N100 amplitudes (T0–T1) obtained during stimulation of the left DLPFC did not remain significant after correction for testing in both hemispheres. Higher N100 amplitudes during a state of greater depression severity are suggestive of an E/I imbalance in the DLPFC in adolescents with an acute depressive episode. The N100 reduction potentially reflects a normalization of DLPFC over inhibition in association with decreased depressive symptomatology, indicating severity dependency.
Likelihood of offshore freshened groundwater in New Zealand
Authors: Morgan Leanne K. , Mountjoy Joshu J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOffshore aquifer research is an emerging field that is becoming increasingly important as population growth and climate change put pressure on coastal water resources. One of the largest reserves, globally, of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) was recently identified off the South Island of New Zealand. This has highlighted the potential for OFG elsewhere in New Zealand. This study aims to: (1) screen for New Zealand coastal aquifers most likely to contain OFG and, (2) document evidence for OFG in New Zealand. An OFG-likelihood rating scheme was developed as part of the study. An application of the rating scheme used survey responses from regional councils responsible for groundwater management, in combination with national and regional-scale technical documents. The rating scheme was found to be a simple and transparent first-pass approach for highlighting areas where OFG is more or less likely at the national scale. Results are presented in a map showing the likelihood of OFG around the New Zealand coastline. Regions with aquifers where OFG likelihood is high include Greater Wellington, Canterbury, Tasman, Hawkes Bay and Marlborough. Aquifers in these regions are associated with major fluvial depositional systems, including glacial outwash gravels. Despite high dependence on groundwater in these regions and extensive groundwater extraction near the coast, there are no major reported incidences of seawater intrusion, suggesting offshore groundwater may be augmenting onshore extraction.
Higher-Order Evidence and the Dynamics of Self-Location: An Accuracy-Based Argument for Calibrationism
Authors: Topey Brett 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe thesis that agents should calibrate their beliefs in the face of higher-order evidence—i.e., should adjust their first-order beliefs in response to evidence suggesting that the reasoning underlying those beliefs is faulty—is sometimes thought to be in tension with Bayesian approaches to belief update: in order to obey Bayesian norms, it’s claimed, agents must remain steadfast in the face of higher-order evidence. But I argue that this claim is incorrect. In particular, I motivate a minimal constraint on a reasonable treatment of the evolution of self-locating beliefs over time and show that calibrationism is compatible with any generalized Bayesian approach that respects this constraint. I then use this result to argue that remaining steadfast isn’t the response to higher-order evidence that maximizes expected accuracy.
A Multivariate Approach to Investigate Metallurgical Technology: The Case of the Chinese Ritual Bronzes
Authors: Wood Jonathan R. , Liu Yaxiong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Research into ancient Chinese metallurgy has flourished over recent years with the accumulation of analytical data reflecting the needs of so many archaeological finds. However, the relationship between technology and society is unlikely to be revealed simply by analysing more artefacts. This is particularly evident in the debates over the sources of metals used to manufacture the Chinese ritual bronzes of the Shang (c. 1500-1046 BCE), Western Zhou (c. 1046–771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (c. 771–256 BCE) dynasties. This article recognises that approaches to analytical data often fail to provide robust platforms from which to investigate metallurgical technology within its wider social and cultural contexts. To address this issue, a recently developed multivariate approach is applied to over 300 Chinese ritual bronzes from legacy data sets and nearly 100 unearthed copper-based objects from Anyang and Hanzhong. Unlike previous investigations that have relied predominantly on interpreting lead isotope signatures, the compositional analyses presented here indicate that copper and lead used to manufacture the bronzes are derived from mining progressively deeper ores in the same deposits rather than seeking out new sources. It is proposed that interpretations of social, cultural and technological change predicated on the acquisition of metals from disparate regions during the Chinese Bronze Age may need to be revised.
The effects of floor plan representations on preferences for apartments
Authors: Baker Jacqueline , Oppewal Harmen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the real-estate industry, floor plans are commonly used to communicate spatial layouts of housing alternatives to house hunters. Using the method of stated preferences, this research investigates whether lay-individuals’ preferences for layout attributes differ when floor plans versus text descriptions are used to measure preferences for build-to-rent apartments. The study involved 417 student respondents evaluating four hypothetical apartments twice, with the apartments varying in two focal attributes, layout orientation, and dining space status. Findings from the experiment indicate that floor plan representations of apartments are rated higher overall than text representations; however they also suggest that the effects of the two focal attributes on apartment preferences are larger for text than floor plan formats. Further, effects of the attributes on apartment preference ratings are shown to depend on the participants’ user goal and on their level of attribute knowledge. The main contribution of this research is that it demonstrates how representation format influences housing preferences, and further, how lay-individuals’ judgements of layout attributes depend on the individual’s goals and their knowledge of the attributes. These findings are relevant for future stated preference studies and for real estate agents and property developers when considering what information to provide to prospective buyers and renters of sight-unseen residential property.
Method for calculating radon activity and radon rejection using a beta-gamma detector
Authors: Mayer Michael F. , Cooper Matthew W. , Ely James H. , Hayes James C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRadon interferes with concentration measurements used by atmospheric radioxenon systems. We demonstrate a method to quantify the amount of radon that is present in the detectors, the impact of radon activity on the minimum-detectable-concentrations, and how to determine the needed radon rejection levels. An example calculation shows a radon rejection level of 105 is sufficient to limit impact on the detector sensitivity. We anticipate this method will give analysist a better understanding of radon present in their measurements and allow system designers to tailor their systems’ radon rejection better for its location.
Update rules and semantic universals
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Sbardolini Giorgio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe discuss a well-known puzzle about the lexicalization of logical operators in natural language, in particular connectives and quantifiers. Of the many logically possible operators, only few appear in the lexicon of natural languages: the connectives in English, for example, are conjunction and, disjunction or, and negated disjunction nor; the lexical quantifiers are all, some and no. The logically possible (negated conjunction) and (negated universal) are not expressed by lexical entries in English, nor in any natural language. Moreover, the lexicalized operators are all upward or downward monotone, an observation known as the Monotonicity Universal. We propose a logical explanation of lexical gaps and of the Monotonicity Universal, based on the dynamic behaviour of connectives and quantifiers. We define update potentials for logical operators as procedures to modify the context, under the assumption that an update by $$ \phi $$
ϕ
depends on the logical form of $$ \phi $$
ϕ
and on the speech act performed: assertion or rejection. We conjecture that the adequacy of update potentials determines the limits of lexicalizability for logical operators in natural language. Finally, we show that on this framework the Monotonicity Universal follows from the logical properties of the updates that correspond to each operator.
Major Differences in Minors’ Contracts: A Comparative Analysis into the Validity of Contracts with Minors in the Sport and Entertainment Industry
Authors: Star Shaun , Dhankar Divyangana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Australia and the UK, contracts with minors in sports and entertainment are not uncommon. Generally, such contracts are voidable at the option of the minor. However, when contracts fall within the category of beneficial service, as is the case with most professional sports or entertainment contracts, they will be enforceable against the minor. Indian courts do not prescribe to this view holding contracts with minors, void ab initio and unenforceable against contractual parties, with few exceptions. The policy rationale is embedded in protecting minors from their own rash decisions and preventing unscrupulous parties from taking advantage of a minor’s nascent mental capacity. By analysing divergent approaches on the validity of minors’ contracts in three common law jurisdictions—Australia, India and the UK—the authors highlight inadequacies in legal pronouncements by Indian courts. In India, the legal non-existence and unenforceability of service contracts with minors renders it futile for them or their representatives from negotiating favourable contractual terms beyond welfare measures provided by law as these are unlikely to be upheld. This paper argues that India’s narrow approach fails to acknowledge practical realities of minors’ participation in the increasingly commercialised sports and entertainment industry. In light of more practical approaches in other common law jurisdictions, the authors set out policy recommendations and suggest reforms to the legal position on minors’ capacity to contract in India.
An algorithm to factorize quantum walks into shift and coin operations
Authors: Cedzich C. , Geib T. , Werner R. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe provide an algorithm that factorizes one-dimensional quantum walks on an arbitrary but fixed cell structure into a protocol of two basic operations: a fixed conditional shift that transports particles between cells and suitable coin operators that act locally in each cell. This allows to tailor quantum walk protocols to any experimental set-up by rephrasing it on the cell structure determined by the experimental limitations. We give the example of a walk defined on a qutrit chain compiled to run on a qubit chain.
Is it the size, the movement, or both? Investigating effects of screen size and text movement on processing, understanding, and motivation when students read informational text
Authors: Haverkamp Ymkje E. , Bråten Ivar , Latini Natalia , Salmerón Ladislao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study focused on the potential effects of screen size (smartphone vs. tablet) and text movement (scrolling vs. paging) on integrated understanding of text information, strategic backtracking, and intrinsic reading motivation when Norwegian university students read an informational text on either a smartphone or a tablet by either scrolling or paging. We expected that paging would lead to better integrated understanding of the text and more strategic backtracking than scrolling. Also, we explored whether scrolling would lower the intrinsic motivation for performing the reading task, and whether there were interactional effects of screen size with text movement on integrated understanding, strategic backtracking, and intrinsic motivation. Results indicated that students tended to obtain better integrated understanding when paging than when scrolling, and that those who paged through the text displayed more strategic backtracking than those who scrolled. Further, scrolling on a tablet led to a more positive reading experience than paging on a tablet or scrolling on a smartphone. In addressing two basic aspects of the reading context and the reading activity when students read digital text for understanding, this study provides new insights into the complex digital reading puzzle that may have both theoretical and practical implications.
Determinants of health insurance enrollment and health expenditure in Ghana: an empirical analysis
Authors: Adjei-Mantey Kwame , Horioka Charles Yuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the determinants of health insurance enrollment and health expenditure in Ghana using micro data from wave 7 of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) with emphasis on the role of risk preferences and the availability of health facilities in one’s own community. It is possible to analyze the determinants of health insurance enrollment in Ghana because its public health insurance system (the National Health Insurance Scheme or NHIS) is, in theory, mandatory, but is, in actual practice, voluntary, with only about 40% of the population enrolled in the scheme. Our empirical findings show that risk preferences have a significant impact on health insurance enrollment, with risk averse individuals being significantly more likely than other households to enroll in health insurance. Moreover, our findings also show that very poor households are significantly more likely to enroll in health insurance than other households, perhaps because they are exempt from paying premiums for health insurance. Finally, our findings also show that the availability of health facilities in one’s own community significantly decreases expenditures on health care.
Counting to infinity, successive addition, and the length of the past
Authors: Zarepour Mohammad Saleh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Successive Addition Argument (SAA) is one of the arguments proposed by the defenders of the Kalām Cosmological Argument to support the claim that the universe has a beginning. The main premise of SAA states that a collection formed by successive addition cannot be an actual infinite. This premise is challenged by an argument originally proposed by Fred Dretske. According to Dretske’s Argument (DA), the scenario of a counter who starts counting numbers and never stops can provide a counterexample to the main premise of SAA. I argue that neither DA nor its past-oriented counterpart—which discusses the scenario of a counter who has always been counting negative integers from the infinite past—can play a decisive role in our evaluation of the strength of the arguments that are intended to establish the finitude of the past based on the impossibility of an actually infinite number of successive additions.
Expert Signs and Legal Burdens
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExpert signs and expert evidence generate a justification problem in legal factfinding: factfinders cannot form a justified belief about the relevant matter, nor justify the acceptance of an expert testimony, insofar as they do not understand it. The different profiles of factfinders in different legal systems (with jury trial or not) do not make a substantial difference for the point addressed, namely the epistemic or doxastic impasse generated by the inability to understand expert signs, for this occurs everywhere. However, legal systems have a way out of the impasse: burdens of proof. Burden rules govern the outcome of a case. If a burden is not discharged, decision must be against the burdened party. After discussing various aspects of the “Daubert trilogy” and performing a semiotic analysis of one case in particular (Kumho), the paper explores the impact that legal burdens have on expert evidence issues.
A Nanomechanical Testing Framework Yielding Front&Rear-Sided, High-Resolution, Microstructure-Correlated SEM-DIC Strain Fields
Authors: Vermeij T. , Verstijnen J.A.C. , Ramirez y Cantador T.J.J. , Blaysat B. , Neggers J. , Hoefnagels J.P.M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The continuous development of new multiphase alloys with improved mechanical properties requires quantitative microstructure-resolved observation of the nanoscale deformation mechanisms at, e.g., multiphase interfaces. This calls for a combinatory approach beyond advanced testing methods such as microscale strain mapping on bulk material and micrometer sized deformation tests of single grains.

Objective
We propose a nanomechanical testing framework that has been carefully designed to integrate several state-of-the-art testing and characterization methods.

Methods
(i) Well-defined nano-tensile testing of carefully selected and isolated multiphase specimens, (ii) front&rear-sided SEM-EBSD microstructural characterization combined with front&rear-sided in-situ SEM-DIC testing at very high resolution enabled by a recently developed InSn nano-DIC speckle pattern, (iii) optimized DIC strain mapping aided by application of SEM scanning artefact correction and DIC deconvolution for improved spatial resolution, (iv) a novel microstructure-to-strain alignment framework to deliver front&rear-sided, nanoscale, microstructure-resolved strain fields, and (v) direct comparison of microstructure, strain and SEM-BSE damage maps in the deformed configuration.

Results
Demonstration on a micrometer-sized dual-phase steel specimen, containing an incompatible ferrite-martensite interface, shows how the nanoscale deformation mechanisms can be unraveled. Discrete lath-boundary-aligned martensite strain localizations transit over the interface into diffuse ferrite plasticity, revealed by the nanoscale front&rear-sided microstructure-to-strain alignment and optimization of DIC correlations.

Conclusions
The proposed testing and alignment framework yields front&rear-sided aligned microstructure and strain fields providing 3D interpretation of the deformations and opening new opportunities for unprecedented validation of advanced multiphase simulations.