bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diet for anxiety disorders: Dietary regimen for relapse prevention?
Authors: Włodarczyk A. , Cubała W. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnxiety disorders are a mental disorder that is widespread all over the world and are associated with a high burden of the disease. While poor dietary habits are common in depression, they can lead to worsening of the illness or prolong the treatment, which also leads to a higher risk of developing chronic diseases.ObjectivesWith the array of the treatment modalities including monoaminergic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, psychotherapy, there is the unmet need for the effective treatment of anxiety disorders resulting in full remission and relapse prevention. Benzodiazepines can quickly resolve anxiety due to their positive allosteric GABA modulation mechanism of action. Although, they are not recommended for chronic use.Methods
Ketogenic diet(KD) may be hypothesized as the promising strategy impacting treatment strategies, in particularly facilitating full remission, recovery and preventing relapses. In this popular high-fat diet, where daily calories intake is consists in at least 70% from fat, up to 25 % from protein and as little sugar as possible is mainly known for its helpful role in drug resistant epilepsy treatment, glucose levels balance or fast way for weight-loss.ResultsCould be effective in anxiety disorders treatment due to its possible role in GABA:glutamate balance change in favor of GABA levels, which may enhance the anxiolytic effect in sustaining remission and preventing relapse.ConclusionsKD in some anxiety disorders may provide a rewarding outcome, but more research is needed. The evidence mentioned in this paper should encourage psychiatrists to recommend KD as advice somewhere between psychotherapy, pharmacology or as an add-on to those two.
Impulsivity in remitted bipolar disorder
Authors: Lajmi I. , Smaoui N. , Yaich K. , Feki R. , Omri S. , Bouali M. Maalej , Zouari L. , Thabet J. Ben , Charfi N. , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorders (BD) are associated with a high degree of impulsivity especially during manic and depressive episodes. However, there is little information on impulsivity during remission phase.ObjectivesOur objective was to assess impulsivity in patients with BD in remission compared to healthy controls (HC).Methods
This was a comparative, cross-sectional and analytical study, conducted in the outpatient psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia), from July to September 2019, among 30 patients with BD in remission compared to 34 HC. Data were collected on a pre-established questionnaire. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).Results
Mean ages of BD patients and HC were 44.17 and 40.1 years, respectively. The sex ratio was 1.7 in BD patients and 0.9 in HC groups. Age of onset of BD was 30 years. Impulsivity scores of the BD patients were higher than HC on total (66.27 vs 53.53) and three subscales measures; motor (21.83 vs 16.15), attentional (15.83 vs 13.53) and non planning impulsivity (28.93 vs 23.71). High degree of impulsivity was noted in 33.3% of BD patients. BD patients scored significantly higher than the HC on total, motor, and non planning impulsivity scores (p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p=0.000, respectively)Conclusions
Our study found that patients with BD had a high degree of impulsivity outside the critical period compared to healthy individuals. Would this impulsivity be a vulnerability marker to the risk of early onset of the disease or the risk of its relapse?
Feasibility of group cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in bipolar disorder
Authors: Swagemakers O. , Nugter A. , Engelsbel F. , Schulte P. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Euthymic patients with bipolar I and II disorder (BD) often have comorbid insomnia, which is associated with worse outcome. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is rarely offered to this population, though preliminary research indicates CBT-I to be safe and helpful to improve sleep and mood stability.ObjectivesThe present study investigates if CBT-I for euthymic BD patients is feasible and acceptable when offered in a group format.Methods14 euthymic bipolar disorder I or II participants participated in a 7-session group CBT-I with BD-specific modifications (CBT-I-BD), preceded by one individual session. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by recruitment, treatment drop-out and participants’ and therapists’ evaluations, while sleep quality, mood and sleep medication were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, 3 and 6 months later.Results
31 of 539 patients with bipolar disorder were referred, 14 were included and one dropped out of treatment. Group CBT-I-BD was acceptable as shown by high session attendance and good homework compliance. Participants highly appreciated the treatment, the group format and learning effect. Insomnia severity decreased significantly between baseline and post-treatment. Group CBT-I-BD did not cause mood episodes during treatment and although not requested, the total number of nights with sleep medication decreased.Conclusions
Group CBT-I-BD seems to be a feasible, acceptable and therefore viable treatment for euthymic patients with bipolar disorder suffering from persistent insomnia. The small sample size, resulting in small CBT-I-BD groups was a main limitation of the study.
Effectiveness of antidepressants in bipolar depression
Authors: Potanin S. , Morozova M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPrescribing antidepressants in the treatment of bipolar depression remains highly controversial due to the inconsistency between routine clinical practice and the results of controlled trials.ObjectivesTo assess the validity of antidepressants use in bipolar depression from the point of view of evidence-based medicine.MethodsDatabase search (Scopus and MEDLINE) followed by analysis of studies concerning the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in the bipolar depression treatment.ResultsThe search found 23 studies. There was a high degree of inconsistency in the results, apparently related to the methodology. Only two studies compared the effectiveness of antidepressants in monotherapy with placebo. No differences were found in the study with 740 participants but in the study with 70 participants with type 2 bipolar disorder antidepressants were found to be more effective than placebo. Nevertheless, both studies had significant methodological issues. In 6 studies comparing the effectiveness of the combination of antidepressants with mood stabilizers against the combination of mood stabilizers with placebo, only the effectiveness of fluoxetine in combination with olanzapine was confirmed, other antidepressants were ineffective. At the same time, studies where antidepressants were compared with each other in combination with mood stabilizers revealed a significant clinical response to therapy. Risk of the treatment emergency adverse events were relatively low for SSRI.ConclusionsDespite the contradictory literature data, the use of antidepressants in bipolar depression is justified from the point of view of evidence-based medicine for certain groups of patients with taking into account risk factors.
Quality of life in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Smaoui N. , Lajmi I. , Guermazi A. , Bouali M. Maalej , Omri S. , Feki R. , Zouari L. , Charfi N. , Thabet J. Ben , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently experience residual symptoms, problems in psychosocial functioning, cognitive impairment, and poor quality of life (QOL).Objectives* To evaluate the QOL of euthymic patients with BD compared to healthy controls (HC). * To identify factors associated with its deterioration.MethodsThis is a comparative and analytical study, conducted over 3 months, involving 30 euthymic patients with BD, followed up in the outpatient psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). They were compared to 34 HC. General, clinical and therapeutic data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. QOL was assessed with the «36 item Short-Form Health Survey» (SF-36).ResultsThe mean ages of BD patients and HC were 44.17 years and 40.1 years, respectively. Compared with HC, patients with BD had decreased overall SF-36 scores (53.73 vs 73.78; p=0.000) and decreased physical and psychological subdomain scores (p=0.001; p=0.000). The study of the relationship between the dimensional average scores and different variables revealed correlations between; physical health problems and somatic disease (p=0.021) and unemployment (p=0.001), impaired general health and somatic disease (p=0.02) and psychotropic association (p=0.021), emotional health problems and psychiatric family history (p=0.023), pain and psychotropic association (p=0.031), and impaired global QOL and psychiatric family history (p=0.05).ConclusionsOur results confirm the impairment of the QOL of patients with BD even in euthymic periods. Many factors have been associated, including demographic and clinical variables. The improvement of QOL is to consider these factors in the management of these patients.
Clinical profile and outcome of bipolar disorder patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Bouali W. , Gniwa R. Omezzine , Soussia R. Ben , Mohamed A. Hadj , Zarrouk L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a serious and extremely recurrent illness frequently associated with cognitive and functional deterioration that poses many treatment challenges. However, over the years, with the evolution of more and more mood stabilizers and neuroleptics, there were controversies surrounding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).Objectives
The present study was an attempt at studying the clinical profile of BD patients who receive ECT and to study its effectiveness.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from all bipolar patients submitted to acute ECT treatment, between June 2015 and June 2016, at the Department of Psychiatry of the University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia.ResultsDuring the study period, among all the patients who received ECT, 47% were diagnosed to have bipolar disorder. ECT was administered most commonly for mania with psychotic symptoms, followed by severe depression with psychotic symptoms. Most of patients showed more than 65% response (based on reduction in the standardized rating scales) with ECT. Few patients (18.7%) reported some kind of side effects.ConclusionsECT resulted very effective for all BD acute depressive and manic episodes not responding to conventional pharmacologic management.
How does coping influence impulsivity in patients with remitted bipolar disorder?
Authors: Messedi N. , Mhiri E. , Charfeddine F. , Bouattour O. , Aribi L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionImpulsivity is an important component of the phenomenology of bipolar disorder. Recent studies show that bipolar patients use various strategies to deal with life stressors and with the discomfort related to their disease.ObjectivesTo study impulsivity and coping strategies in bipolar patients in remission phase and the factors associated with them.Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 30 patients followed for bipolar disorder, in remission, at the psychiatric outpatient clinic at CHU Hédi Chaker in Sfax. We used a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet, the Ways Of Coping Checklist to assess coping and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale to assess impulsivity.ResultsThe average age was 43.77 years, the sex ratio was 0.5. Smoking was found in 30%. Bipolar I disorder was diagnosed in 93% of patients. The mean age of onset was 27.8 years, and the mean duration of illness was 15 years. *Impulsivity was found in 20% of cases and was correlated with the duration of the disease (p = 0.016) and smoking (p = 0.009). *Coping focused on the problem present in 70% of patients, correlated with the duration of the disease (p = 0.032) and coping (p=0.02). *Emotion-centered coping revealed in 20% of patients, correlated with gender (p = 0.037) and cognitive impulsivity (p=0.032). *Coping focused on seeking social support was present in 10% of patients.ConclusionsImpulsivity is quite frequent in remitted bipolar patients, who mainly used problem-focused coping and a cognitive management of the stressful event. Thus the hypothesis was that impulsivity is core trait of bipolar disorder.
Neurocognitive functions in children and adolescents with different enthusiasm for video games
Authors: Soldatova G. , Vishneva A. , Koshevaya A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionVideo games are becoming increasingly popular among children (Lenhart et al., 2015). There is a lack of research that studies the impact of online games on children’s neurocognitive functions.ObjectivesThe aim is to study neurocognitive functions in children and adolescents playing and not playing online games.MethodsThe sample comprises 100 children aged 5-10 years and 100 adolescents aged 11-16 years. The following neuropsychological indexes (Akhutina, 2016) are studied: programming and control, serial organization of movements, auditory and visual memory, left and right hemispheric functions, and neurodynamic component of mental activity. Wexler’s Awareness and Comprehension Tests were used to study verbal functions. The game activity are measured by social-psychological questionnaire.ResultsChildren who play online games have a serial organization of movements (smooth switching from one component of the program to another) (F=14,46, p<0,01) and a neurodynamic component (F=13,07, p<0,01), which are worse developed than children who do not play online games. Adolescents playing online games have better analytical (left hemispheric) functions (F=13,37, p<0,01), mathematical abilities (F=3,47, p=0,063), and Awareness subtest (F=3,47, p=0,065) scores than nonplaying adolescents.ConclusionsChildren playing online games have lower results on neurocognitive functions directly related to motor development. Teenagers playing online games had higher scores in mathematical ability, analytical functions and awareness. The results indicate the need to develop an optimal time for digital gaming activities depending on the age of the child. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.Conflict of interestThe reported study was funded by RFBR, project 19-29-14181.
Attention deficit and hiperactivity disorder: Age, sex and social environment as evaluable factors in children and teenagers
Authors: Rus S.S. Sánchez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAttention Deficit and Hiperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder, affecting executive functions and defined by hyperactivity, attention deficit and/or impulsivity symptoms. This neurodevelopmental disorder affect up to 7% of children. It is observed as a chronic pathology appearing on childhood with other comorbid diseases. Often, remarkable symptoms use to change with the age, however a real improvement is also related with other -external- factors, as social environment.Objectives-To highlight variability of ADHD symptoms and complexity of available treatments in childhood. -To analize influence of personal and familiar factors, which affect to evolution of ADHD and the response to treatment.Methods
Comparative-study. Retrospective selection of 8 patients with treatment for ADHD and currently stable. A 12-months ADHD confirmed diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit and follow-up after diagnosis. They are compared by aged-pairs (females and males) at the different development school-stages (preschool 3-6 years, primary school 7-12 years and adolescence 13-16 years). *Pairs of study: male-5 years/female-6 years; male-7 years/female-8 years; female-10 years/male-11 years; female-13 years/male-15 yearsResults-Evolution of ADHD highlights the influence of age-factor about remarkable symptoms mainly (from hiperactivity to inattentiveness). -Comorbid disorders seems related with sex-factor (impulsivity-eating disorders on females and irritability-mood disorders on males). -Children social environment, specially family support, is an important external factor for all these patients (low self-steem or somatization disorders).Conclusions
1. ADHD as a chronic disorder whose evolution depends on the age, sex and social factors 2. Genetic component or familiar support are also considered as influencers factors 3.Multidisciplinary approach to objectives: motivation, organization and maturity 4. Treatment is consider according to side effects and comorbidity
Psychotic-like experiences in community-dwelling young people in hong kong: Preliminary finding from the hong kong youth epidemiological study of mental health (HKYES)
Authors: Wong C.S. , Chan C.C. , Chan S.K. , Hui C.L. , Lee E.H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are often referred to as psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions, in the absence of a psychotic disorder. PLEs as part of the continuum of psychosis suggested that healthy population can endorse PLEs without having significant distress or impairment which would warrant them a clinical diagnosis. While PLEs are usually associated with psychotic disorders, previous research has also shown the link between PLEs and many other mood symptoms.ObjectivesThe present study aims to identify PLEs in community youths and explore the underlying risk and protective factors.MethodsThis is an ongoing study in which young people aged 15-24 were recruited from community through a random stratified sampling method. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, functioning, and other psychosocial factors were assessed in a face-to-face structured interview. In particular, PLEs were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC). Six domains of lifetime PLEs were measured, including auditory and visual hallucination, thought insertion/ withdrawal, delusion of control and reference, and persecutory delusions.Results
To date, 746 participants were recruited and of these, 3.2% of them has endorsed lifetime PLEs. Results showed that significantly higher depressive, anxiety and stress scores were found in those who has PLEs (p<0.001), and additionally, these scores significantly predicted the presence of PLEs in regression models (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur preliminary findings highlighted the inter-related phenomena between PLEs and mood symptoms. Further investigation is needed to examine the likelihood of PLEs in predicting psychosis over time.
The enduring effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACES) on mood dysregulation in children: A literature review
Authors: Arain F. , Chavannes N. , Corona C.C. , Tohid A. , Arain H. , Jennings M. , Sanchez-Lacay A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBehavioral dysregulation is a common presentation of children in the Emergency-Room (ER)1. A 10-year-old African-American boy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder with poor treatment adherence, two previous psychiatric hospitalizations and multiple ER visits, presented with dysregulation and aggressive behavior. He had inconsistent parenting and poor attachment with present involvement of child protective services. We did a systematic review to interpret associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of behavioral dysregulation in later life.ObjectivesTo see associations between ACEs and the development of behavioral dysregulation in later life.Methods
We searched PsycINFO, APA PsycNet, PubMed, and Medline. Among 35 articles, five were included: 1) a meta-analysis of health consequences and ACEs1; 2) a data analysis of 64,329 youth from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice that focused on suicide attempts and ACEs2; 3) a systematic review of 42 articles related to ACEs 3; 4) data from 22,575 youth for childhood abuse, trauma and neglect 4 and 5) a multimodal logistic regression study on 64,000 juvenile offenders focused on ACE scores and latent trajectory.5ResultsThere is increased risk of substance use, mental and physical health problems, and violence associated with ACEs1, 2. The relationship between childhood difficulties and suicide is interceded by adolescent’s maladaptive behaviors3. By age 35, ACEs increase the risk of becoming a serious juvenile offender4. Increased exposure to ACEs differentiates early-onset and sustained criminality from other forms of criminality5.ConclusionsACEs can affect the development of a child in multiple ways including suicidal behavior, aggression, impulsivity, criminality, academic difficulties and substance abuse
Smartphone internet addiction among hong kong young adults: The role of gender and depression
Authors: Chan D.L. , Wong C.S. , Hui C.L. , Chan S.K. , Lee E.H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGrowing evidence studying pathological online behaviour has shown an increasing rate of internet addictions in younger populations across the globe.ObjectivesThe current study aims to investigate the prevalence of smartphone internet addiction of youths in Hong Kong, and its associations with gender and depression.Methods
A total of 1,164 participants’ preliminary data were extracted from the Hong Kong Youth Epidemiological Study of Mental Health, a territory-wide, household-based study of mental health in youths aged between 15-24. Internet usage behaviors, socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of the participants were assessed. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale was modified to measure smartphone internet addiction (SIA). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine (i) SIA across gender and (ii) depressive symptoms between high and no to low SIA groups. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between SIA and depression.Results
The prevalence of smartphone internet addiction was 27.8% using the cut-off scores of 67/68. Women had higher SIA scores than men (U=144239.50, p=0.001). Participants with high SIA were associated with a higher severity in depression than those with no-to-low SIA (U=89187.00, p<0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between depression and SIA after adjusting for confounding factors (B=0.099, t=9.138, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest a gender difference on online behaviour using smartphones. Further investigations are needed on whether SIA may exacerbate severity of common mental disorders.