bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective programming optimization algorithm for large‐scale grid connection of new energy considering frequency stability
Authors: Jin Panlong , Gong Jianfeng , Ge Pengjiang , Guo Ning , Qu Gaoqiang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn order to solve the problem of power supply frequency instability after large‐scale grid connection of new energy, a multi‐objective programming optimization algorithm for large‐scale grid connection of new energy considering frequency stability is proposed. Before planning, the limit evaluation method for grid connection of new energy considering the frequency stability of the power system is used to judge the frequency change limit of the power system to be connected to the grid. Through the real‐time measurement method of power system frequency under the large‐scale grid connection of new energy, the real‐time change value of power system frequency under the large‐scale grid connection of new energy is calculated. Combined with the mastered frequency change limit and real‐time frequency change value of power system, an optimization decision‐making model for multi‐objective planning of large‐scale grid connection of new energy is constructed, and the improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the grid connection strategy that the frequency control quantity does not exceed the limit and the auxiliary cost of multi‐objective planning for grid connection is the minimum. It is verified that the frequency of IEEE‐30 standard node system is stable and within the limit after the algorithm is used, and the auxiliary cost of multi‐objective planning for grid connection is significantly reduced.
Shock-wave heating mechanism of the distant solar wind: Explanation of Voyager-2 data
Authors: Korolkov S. D. , Izmodenov V. V. 
Published: October 2022

Aims. One of the important discoveries made by Voyager-2 is the nonadiabatic radial profile of the solar wind proton temperature. This phenomenon has been studied for several decades. The dissipation of turbulence energy has been proposed as the main physical process responsible for the temperature profile. The turbulence is both convected with the solar wind and originated in the solar wind by the compressions and shears in the flows and by pick-up ions. The compression source of the solar wind heating in the outer heliosphere appears due to shock waves, which originated either in the solar corona or in the solar wind itself. The goal of this work is to demonstrate that the shock-wave heating itself is enough to explain the temperature profile obtained by Voyager-2.
Methods. The effect of shock-wave heating is demonstrated in the frame of a very simple spherically symmetric high-resolution (in both space and time) gas-dynamical data-driven solar wind model. This data-driven model employs the solar-wind parameters at 1 AU with minute resolution. The data are taken from the NASA OMNIWeb database. It is important to underline that (1) the model captures the shocks traveling and/or originating in the solar wind, and (2) other sources of heating are not taken into account in the model. We extended this simple model to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and two-component models and found very similar results.
Results. The results of the numerical modeling with the one-minute OMNI data as the boundary condition show very good agreement with the solar-wind temperature profiles obtained by Voyager-2. It is also noteworthy that the numerical results with daily averaged OMNI data show a very similar temperature profile, while the numerical runs with 27-day-averaged OMNI data demonstrate the adiabatic behavior of the temperature.
On-machine self-calibration of rotary encoders in the normal vector tracing method
Authors: Miyawaki Takashi , Watanabe Tsukasa , Endo Katsuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

We developed a nano-profiler to determine the shape from slope distribution data for highly accurate free-form surface shape measurement; for example, high-precision optical systems are required in the x-ray and semiconductor fields. An accuracy of ±0.2 µrad is required to achieve a shape measurement accuracy of 30 nm. The angle of the rotary stage is controlled by the rotary encoder, and the calibration curve of the rotary encoder is guaranteed by the national standard machine. However, the error associated with assembling the rotary encoder to the device is not included in the national standard machine's calibration data. Therefore, we propose a method that combines self-calibration with six encoder heads and calibration with a national standard machine. Using this method reduces the extent of calibration by the national standard machine and minimizes the influence of the assembly error. Furthermore, to verify whether the calibration in the proposed method is appropriate, a new encoder for evaluation was installed and evaluated. The results revealed that the influence of the assembly error was reduced to the minimum, and the difference in the calibration between the encoder for evaluation and the national standard machine was 0.027 µrad.
Development of a repetitive plasma source for simulation of mitigated edge localized mode transient heat load
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xu Tao , Shi Yuhao , Zhan Wei , Liu Chengying , Lu Zhijian , Yang Lanjun 
Published: October 2022

A repetitive plasma source for simulation of mitigated edge localized mode transient heat load is developed. The repetitive plasma source consists of a repetitive pulsed power supply and a pulsed plasma accelerator. The pulsed plasma accelerator is composed of a coaxial cathode, an anode, and an insulator. The inner electrode is the cathode with a diameter of 5 mm, and the outer electrode is the anode with a diameter of 15 mm. An angular magnetic field is generated by the discharge current and acts with the radial current to generate Lorentz force, which drives the plasma ejecting to the outlet. The repetitive pulsed power supply can be divided into three parts, the primary charge circuit, the resonant charge circuit, and the discharge circuit. The time interval between resonant charge and discharge is 4 ms. The repetitive discharge components include ten modules running in parallel. There are four working modes for discharge components, depending on the number of simultaneously discharged modules. For Mode A, the maximum repetitive frequency is 50 Hz, and the transient heat load is 0.06 MJ/m2 when the discharge current is 10.5 kA. For Mode D, the maximum repetitive frequency is 5 Hz, and the transient heat load is 0.45 MJ/m2 when the discharge current is 66 kA. This is of great significance for the study of the interaction between plasma and plasma-facing materials in tokamak.
Design and numerical investigation of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and iron silicide (FeSi2) based double absorber solar cells to enhance power conversion efficiency
Authors: Rahman Md. Ferdous , Habib M. J. A. , Ali Md. Hasan , Rubel M. H. K. , Islam Md. Rounakul , Md. Ismail Abu Bakar , Hossain M. Khalid 
Published: October 2022

Inorganic CdTe and FeSi2-based solar cells have recently drawn a lot of attention because they offer superior thermal stability and good optoelectronic properties compared to conventional solar cells. In this work, a unique alternative technique is presented by using FeSi2 as a secondary absorber layer and In2S3 as the window layer for improving photovoltaic performance parameters. Simulating on SCAPS-1D, the proposed double-absorber (Cu/FTO/In2S3/CdTe/FeSi2/Ni) structure is thoroughly examined and analyzed. The window layer thickness, absorber layer thickness, acceptor density (NA), donor density (ND), defect density (Nt), series resistance (RS), and shunt resistance (Rsh) were simulated in detail for optimization of the above configuration to improve the PV performance. According to this study, 0.5 µm is the optimized thickness for both the CdTe and FeSi2 absorber layers in order to maximize the efficiency (η). Here, the value of the optimum window layer thickness is 50 nm. For using CdTe as a single absorber, η is achieved by 13.26%. However, for using CdTe and FeSi2 as a dual absorber, η is enhanced and the obtaining value is 27.35%. The other parameters are also improved and the resultant value for the fill factor is 83.68%, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.6566 V, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) is 49.78 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the proposed model performs well at 300 K operating temperature. The addition of the FeSi2 layer to the cell structure has resulted in a significant quantum efficiency enhancement because of the rise in solar spectrum absorption at longer wavelengths (λ). The findings of this work offer a promising approach for producing high-performance and reasonably priced CdTe-based solar cells.
Unmet expectations? The impact of the Coronavirus crisis on radical right populism in North-Western and Southern Europe
Authors: Crulli Mirko 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the state of health of the populist radical right in North-Western and Southern European democracies after the outbreak of the pandemic. The research question is whether the Coronavirus crisis represents an enemy or an ally of populist radical right (PRR) parties in these European regions. The thesis put forward is that a priori, based on the copious literature of political sociology and political science on populism, there are four interrelated compelling reasons to argue that PRR parties can benefit from the pandemic. However, I show how the polls and the national elections held during the pandemic suggest the opposite, namely that populist radical right forces have overall found in the Coronavirus crisis a little more an enemy than an ally. Finally, I suggest four remarks on why we are facing this unexpected outcome.
Sub-band response of PZT photodetector controlled by back-gate voltage
Authors: Chen Anqi , Lv You , Su Longxing , Zhu Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sub-band energy levels induced photo-conduction mechanisms play a significant role in the extension of the response spectra within a photodetector. Herein, we reported a PbZr0.32Ti0.68O3 (PZT) based photodetector for sub-band photoresponse excited by a 450 nm blue laser. Sub-band induced by the defects acts as the intermediate state for the intra-band transition excited by the blue laser, in which the photon energy is smaller than the bandgap of the PZT thin film. Within both gate-controlled and blue laser driven operations, the source to drain current (I
sd) can be precisely modulated. The photocurrent and response speeds of the device are also studied under air and vacuum conditions, which shows negligible fluctuations under different atmospheres and excludes the negative influence from the defect-related surface states. The proposed device configuration provides a simple and cost-effective visible light driven photodetector, which may give rise to an interesting route towards optoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric material.
CeO2-NiO-rGO as a nano-electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Askari Mohammad Bagher , Moghadam Mohammad Taghi Tourchi , Azizi Sadegh , Hashemi Seyed Rouhollah Samareh , Shojaeifar Mohsen , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study provides the methanol oxidation capability of two nanocatalysts, CeO2-NiO (CN) and CeO2-NiO-rGO (CNR), synthesized by a cost-effective hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of compositing CeO2-NiO with reduced graphene oxide was evaluated. These synergic effect makes a good electrochemical active surface area and suitable electrical conductivity for catalyst. In addition, rGO with good electrical conductivity revealed considerable improvement in the methanol oxidation reaction performance of the catalyst. The cyclic stability measurements of CeO2-NiO-rGO showed a high retention ability of 96% in 500 consecutive cyclic voltammetry cycles, while the stability of CeO2-NiO in the same number of cycles is about 93%. The complementary methanol oxidation process results indicated an oxidation current density up to 49.5 and 68.5 mA cm−2 for CN and CNR at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1, respectively. The proposed catalyst can be considered as an attractive, stable, and inexpensive candidate in the field of methanol oxidation to use in methanol fuel cells.
Polarization due to emergent polarity in elemental semiconductor thinfilms under bending
Authors: Tang J-K , Wang Y-X , Chang K , Zhang D-B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polarization via strain engineering provides a facial way to functionalize materials. We investigate the origin of electronic polarization in the bent elemental semiconductor thinfilms by combining analytical modeling with quantum mechanical simulation. A bond orbital model reveals a polarity of covalent bonds induced by strain gradient such that polarization along the strain gradient dimension can be induced, giving rise to the flexoelectric effect. At strain gradient

1

/

R
=
0.01

nm−1, the net charge differences between the two sides are

5
×

10

−
4

e

,

2.5
×

10

−
3

e

and

7.2
×

10

−
3

e

for C, Si and Ge films respectively. On the other hand, due to the emergent bond polarity, the polarization can be effectively tuned by normal strain applied to the bent film, mimicking the piezoelectric effect. Simulations using the generalized Bloch theorem strongly support this revelation. Findings have important implications for delineating the formation of polarization and related phenomena in semiconductors.
TMSST-CK fault feature extraction method for flexible thin-wall bearing based on the Gini index principle
Authors: Yu Yanjiang , Zhao Xuezhi , Yu Chaofeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A flexible thin-wall bearing (FTB) is forced to deform with the elastic deformation of the flexspline in motion, resulting in a completely different fault characteristic frequency (FCF) from ordinary rolling bearings. However, current extraction methods treat FTBs as ordinary ones and they are analyzed based on the spectrum, without considering the time-varying nature of the FCF in an FTB. In an effort to address this concern, this paper proposes a Gini index-based time-reassigned multisynchrosqueezing transform, where the window size is determined by the period impulses feature in the noise-removed signal. In addition, a frequency point selection method that contains fault characteristics of the FTB is proposed by calculating the maximum correlated kurtosis in the time–frequency (TF) plane. Furthermore, the instantaneous frequency is extracted by calculating the time interval between two consecutive impulses. The extracted fault frequency agrees well with the experimental result and outperforms other TF analysis techniques in demonstrating its time-varying nature.
Dislocation nucleation mechanisms during nanoindentation of concentrated FeNiCr alloys: unveiling the effects of Cr through molecular simulations
Authors: Dominguez-Gutierrez F J , Ustrzycka A , Xu Q Q , Alvarez-Donado R , Papanikolaou S , Alava M J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fe-based alloys with high chromium and nickel concentrations are very attractive for efficient energy production in extreme operating conditions. We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nanoindentation on fcc FeNiCr multicomponent materials. Equiatomic FeNi, Fe55Ni19Cr26, and Fe74Ni8Cr18 are tested by using established interatomic potentials and similar conditions, for the elucidation of key dislocation nucleation mechanisms and interactions. Generally, we find that the presence of Cr in these alloys reduces the mobility of prismatic dislocation loops, and increases their area, regardless of crystallographic orientation. Dislocation nucleation and evolution is tracked during mechanical testing as a function of nanoindentation strain and Kocks–Mecking continuum modeling displays good agreement with MD findings. Furthermore, the analysis of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) is consistent with the Ma–Clarke’s model at depths lower than 1.5 nm. The presence of Cr leads to a decrease of the GND density with respect to Cr-less FeNi samples, thus we find that Cr is critically responsible of increasing these alloys’ hardness. Post-indentation impression maps indicate that Ni–Fe–Cr compositions display strain localization and hardening due to high Cr concentration.
Object kinetic Monte Carlo modelling of irradiation microstructures with elastic interactions
Authors: Jourdan T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Elastic interactions between point defects and sinks, such as dislocations and cavities, affect the diffusion of point defects and are responsible for some of the features observed in microstructures under irradiation. It is therefore necessary to include elastic interactions in kinetic simulations for a quantitative prediction of material properties. In this work a method is presented to accurately and efficiently evaluate the strain field in object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. It can handle any strain field which is biharmonic, such as the one generated by a dislocation segment or a cavity in isotropic elasticity. A speed-up of several orders of magnitude is obtained compared to the direct summation over strain sources, so that simulations over experimental time scales can be performed within reasonable computation times. The case of a thin foil containing a high density of loops under irradiation is investigated. Loop growth rates are found to depend on the loop radius, as shown experimentally, but more complex effects due to the surrounding microstructure are also highlighted.
Synthesis of graphene nanomesh with symmetrical fractal patterns via hydrogen-free chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Li Fang , Li You , Zhao Yibin , Liu Mingyan , Kan Erjun , Li Qiongyu , Wan Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Graphene nanomesh (GNM), an emerging graphene nanostructure with a tunable bandgap, has gained tremendous interests owing to its great potentials in the fields of high-performance field-effect transistors, electrochemical sensors, new generation of spintronics and energy converters. In previous works, GNM has been successfully obtained on copper foil surface by employing hydrogen as an etching agent. A more facile, and low-cost strategy for the preparation of GNM is required. Here, we demonstrated a direct and feasible means for synthesizing large-area GNM with symmetrical fractal patterns via a hydrogen-free chemical vapor deposition method. The influences of the growth time and the gas source flow on the morphology of GNM patterns were systematically investigated. Then, we exhibited the key reaction details and proposed a growth mechanism of the GNM synthesis during the hydrogen-free chemical vapor deposition process. This work provides a valuable guidance for quality control in GNM mass production.
Cavity ringdown studies of the E–H transition in an inductively coupled oxygen plasma: comparison of spectroscopic measurements and modelling
Authors: Rogers Samuel D A , Bond Amelia , Rhodes Benjamin J , Peverall Robert , Hancock Gus , Ritchie Grant A D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The absolute number density of ground state oxygen atoms, O(3P), present in a 100 mTorr oxygen plasma has been determined as a function of operating power using cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS). The dissociation fraction increases by an order of magnitude from ∼0.8% at 50 W to 8% at 250 W and reflects a similar increase in the electron density over this power range. Emission spectra show that the E–H switchover is accompanied by increased rotational heating of O2 and this behaviour is also observed in the translational temperatures determined by fitting the Doppler limited O(3P) CRDS data. The measurements are contextualised via a volume averaged kinetic model that uses the measured absolute densities of O(3P) and O2(a
1Δg, v = 0) as a function of power as its benchmarks. Despite the inherent spatial inhomogeneity of the plasma, the volume averaged model, which uses a minimal set of reactions, is able to both reproduce previous measurements on the absolute density of O− and to infer physically reasonable values for both the electron temperature and number density as the E–H switch over is traversed. Time-resolved emission measurements return a value of 0.2 for the wall loss coefficient for O2(b
1Σg
+); as a consequence, the number density of O2(b
1Σg
+) is (at least) one order of magnitude less than O2(a
1Δg).
Effects of the ground-electrode temperature on the plasma physicochemical processes and biological inactivation functions involved in surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Xu Han , Zhu Fan , Liu Yan , Quan Lei , Li Bo , Zhang Hao , Shao Mingxu , Xie Kai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) device coupled with power electronics technology was designed for precise control of the ground-electrode temperature to investigate the dynamic behavior of the physicochemical processes and biological inactivation functions involved in SDBD plasma. It was found that an increase of the electrode temperature from 30 to 210 °C reduced the breakdown voltage and increased the current pulse amplitude because the reduced electric field strength and average electron density of the SDBD plasma were consistently enhanced. The change in the plasma-chemistry mode (O3-dominant to NO
x
-dominant) was more sensitive to the ground-electrode temperature than that of the power density and gas temperature. O3 in the gas and liquid phases could not be detected at electrode temperatures above 90 °C, and the NO
x
mode almost immediately occurred after the plasma was turned on for ground-electrode temperatures of ⩾180 °C. The increase in the electrode temperature increased the acidity of the plasma-activated water and, more importantly, short-lived reactive species OH and NO were detected at electrode temperatures ⩾120 °C in the case of aqueous solutions treated directly with SDBD plasma. The biological inactivation function of the SDBD plasma, i.e. for bacterial suspensions and tumor cell cultures, was improved by about three orders of magnitude and 40% at the optimal electrode temperatures of 180 °C and 120 °C, respectively. This is an important breakthrough for development of SDBD-based biomedical devices for specific purposes on a commercial level by regulating the plasma chemistry through the ground-electrode temperature, overcoming the limitations of chamber heating and compressed air supply.
High performance piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting by electrical resonant frequency tuning
Authors: Gibus David , Morel Adrien , Gasnier Pierre , Ameye Adrien , Badel Adrien 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Extending the frequency bandwidth (BW) of vibration energy harvesters (VEH) that power wireless sensor nodes is of scientific and industrial interest. In this aim, electrical methods to tune the resonant frequency of piezoelectric harvesters with strong electromechanical coupling coefficients have been developed. In this work, we provide guidelines for designing such strongly coupled VEH and present a broadband harvester with high normalized power density (NPD). Through an analytical model, we explain how the coupling coefficient

k
2

and the quality factor

Q
m

of a cantilever can be jointly maximized, thereby maximizing the figure of merit

k
e
2

Q
m

. The proposed cantilever prototype made of PZN-5.5PT and aluminum offers one of the best coupling coefficients among the state-of-the-art (k
2= 49.8%) and a high quality factor (Qm
= 140). Associated to an appropriate tunable electrical interface (short-circuit synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) in our case), the prototype exhibits a NPD of 12.0 mW g−2 cm−3 and a frequency BW of 36.0% (56.5 Hz around 157 Hz) at 0.34 m s−2 with a tunable electrical interface: the short-circuit SECE. This represents the highest product NPW × BW from state of the art.