bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Water Constituents Unique to Septic Tanks as a Wastewater Source in the Environment by Nontarget Analysis: South Florida's Deering Estate Rehydration Project Case Study
Authors: Troxell Kassidy , Ng Brian , Zamora-Ley Ingrid , Gardinali Piero 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study has generated a workflow based on nontarget analysis (NTA) with Compound Discoverer Ver 3.1 to characterize a set of source-discriminating compounds identified in water samples from locations in South Florida (USA), particularly those describing a freshwater environment (Everglades based), urban impacted areas (septic tank driven), and coastal (Biscayne Bay) endmembers in and around the Charles Deering Estate property in the Village of Palmetto Bay. Waters from an interconnected managed canal system were assessed to evaluate the influence of localized emissions. Septic tank effluents influence the water in many Southeast Florida environments due to their diminished onsite treatment capacity based on the limestone-dominated geology and canal systems providing a relatively unobstructed connection pathway. Through a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and statistical analyses, a set of tracers and indicators was determined (azelaic acid, decanophenone, galaxolidone, methyl violet, monoolein, metoprolol, and 1-stearoylglycerol). Tentatively identified compounds were generally assigned to various categories such as dyes, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. The NTA Compound Discoverer Ver 3.1 compound data (presented as principal component analysis and Kendrick mass defect plots) showed apparent differences between wastewater-influenced sites and non–wastewater-influenced sites along with the ranked “Top10” compounds found at each location. Waters from different locations were also compared using the presence of sucralose to further inform the NTA. The most septic-influenced site contained 3594 ± 94 ng/L of sucralose with concentrations declining steadily and reaching the lowest concentrations in Biscayne Bay of 122 ± 94 ng/L. The sucralose concentrations provided further evidence of septic influence on this system. Sucralose was determined to be a conservative tracer between the freshwater and coastal sources and complementary to other probable unique tracers of septic tank effluent identified by the NTA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1165–1178. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
Depiction of the data post-processing procedure for the Compound Discoverer 3.1 detected features providing a chemical space chemical fingerprint for the various water sources in the present study by their Kendrick Mass Defect plots. The plots include the parsed compound data (post Compound Discoverer filter), MzCloud™ best match compounds (≥60% match to MzCloud™), and Top10 compounds at each site sourced from a wastewater influenced groundwater well (purple), freshwater from a canal system (blue), groundwater well not influenced by wastewater (orange), and a saltwater bay endmember (brown).
A Black–Scholes user's guide to the Bachelier model
Authors: Choi Jaehyuk , Kwak Minsuk , Tee Chyng Wen , Wang Yumeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo cope with the negative oil futures price caused by the COVID–19 recession, global commodity futures exchanges temporarily switched the option model from Black–Scholes to Bachelier in 2020. This study reviews the literature on Bachelier's pioneering option pricing model and summarizes the practical results on volatility conversion, risk management, stochastic volatility, and barrier options pricing to facilitate the model transition. In particular, using the displaced Black–Scholes model as a model family with the Black–Scholes and Bachelier models as special cases, we not only connect the two models but also present a continuous spectrum of model choices.
Approximate pricing of American exchange options with jumps
Authors: Lian Guanghua , Elliott Robert J. , Kalev Petko , Yang Zhaojun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical method to price American exchange options based on jump‐diffusion processes. We first derive a closed‐form expression for the value of European exchange options, then decompose the value function of an American exchange option into a European counterpart, and an early exercise premium that is derived analytically. The early exercise boundary for an American exchange option approximately satisfies an algebraic equation that can be quickly numerically solved. Consequently, a formula is obtained for efficiently pricing American exchange options. The numerical results reveal that our pricing formula is robust and accurate.
Connecting and reconnecting to a community, with a sense of belonging – Exploring Aboriginal Elders’ perspectives of engaging in a physical activity program
Authors: Gidgup Margaret J. R. , Kickett Marion , Hill Keith D. , Francis‐Coad Jacqueline , Weselman Tammy , Coombes Julieann , Ivers Rebecca , Bowser Nicole , Palacios Vilma , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssue addressed:Culturally appropriate physical activity (PA) programs have values and principles that respect local community culture and knowledge. However, in Western Australia (WA) there were no opportunities for older Aboriginal peoples to engage in a culturally appropriate PA program. The study objective was to explore how engaging in a culturally appropriate PA program impacted on the lived experiences of Aboriginal Elders.MethodsA qualitative exploratory study was conducted using an Indigenous methodology. Participants were Aboriginal Elders in Noongar Country in WA . Two groups, engaged in the Ironbark program, which consisted of weekly exercise and a yarning circle. The program was developed in NSW specifically for older Aboriginal and Torres Strait peoples and adapted for use in WA. Semi‐structured interviews utilising a yarning approach were facilitated by a Noongar Wadjuk researcher. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsNineteen Elders were interviewed. The overarching theme was that participation led to connecting and reconnecting to community with a sense of belonging. Elders affirmed the program as being appropriate and comfortable. They described experiences that were grouped into three main themes of Positive mental and emotional changes, Physical improvements and Social benefits.ConclusionsAboriginal Elders valued the opportunity to engage in a culturally appropriate PA program. Benefits were appreciated as holistic in nature, with Elders seeing improvements in their mental, physical and emotional health.So what?Increasing access to culturally appropriate, decolonised PA programs is a fundamental health promotion approach for working with older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of arecoline benzoate aerosol in rats
Authors: Chu Ming , Fu Guofeng , Deng Jingjing , Wang Ruoxi , Fan Qiming , Chen Zuxin , Lu Jin , Liu Xin‐an 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArecoline is a pharmacologically active alkaloid isolated fromAreca catechu. There are no published data available regarding the inhalation toxicity of arecoline in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the inhalation toxicity of arecoline in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, arecoline benzoate (ABA) salt was prepared to stabilize arecoline in an aerosol. The MTT assay determined the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of ABA and arecoline in A549 cell proliferation to be 832 and 412 μg/ml, respectively. The toxicity of acute and subacute inhalation in Sprague–Dawley rats was evaluated using the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. For acute inhalation, the median lethal concentration value of ABA solvent was >5175 mg/m3. After the exposure and during the recovery period, no treatment‐related clinical signs were observed. In the 28‐Day inhalation toxicity test, daily nose‐only exposure to 2510 mg/m3aerosol of the ABA solvent contained 75 mg/m3ABA for male rats and 375 mg/m3ABA for female rats, which caused no observed adverse effects, except for the decreased body weight gain in male rats exposed to 375 mg/m3ABA. In this study, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the 28‐day repeated dose inhalation of ABA aerosol was calculated to be around 13 mg/kg/day for male rats and 68.8 mg/kg/day for female rats, respectively.
Prevention of medical device infections via multi‐action nitric oxide and chlorhexidine diacetate releasing medical grade silicone biointerfaces
Authors: Chug Manjyot Kaur , Massoumi Hamed , Wu Yi , Brisbois Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe presence of bacteria and biofilm on medical device surfaces has been linked to serious infections, increased health care costs, and failure of medical devices. Therefore, antimicrobial biointerfaces and medical devices that can thwart microbial attachment and biofilm formation are urgently needed. Both nitric oxide (NO) and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHXD) possess broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties. In the past, individual polymer release systems of CHXD and NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) incorporated polymer platforms have attracted considerable attention for biomedical/therapeutic applications. However, the combination of the two surfaces has not yet been explored. Herein, the synergy of NO and CHXD was evaluated to create an antimicrobial medical‐grade silicone rubber. The 10 wt% SNAP films were fabricated using solvent casting with a topcoat of CHXD (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to generate a dual‐active antibacterial interface. Chemiluminescence studies confirmed the NO release from SNAP‐CHXD films at physiologically relevant levels (0.5–4 × 10−10 mol min−1 cm−2) for at least 3 weeks and CHXD release for at least 7 days. Further characterization of the films via SEM‐EDS confirmed uniform distribution of SNAP and presence of CHXD within the polymer films without substantial morphological changes, as confirmed by contact angle hysteresis. Moreover, the dual‐active SNAP‐CHXD films were able to significantly reduce Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (>3‐log reduction) compared to controls with no explicit toxicity towards mouse fibroblast cells. The synergy between the two potent antimicrobial agents will help combat bacterial contamination on biointerfaces and enhance the longevity of medical devices.
The effect of Anzer honey onX‐rayinduced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes: An in vitro study
Authors: Bagatir Gulcin , Kaya Murat , Suer Ilknur , Cefle Kıvanc , Palanduz Ayse , Palanduz Sukru , Becerir Hatice Bilge , Koçyiğit Mine , Ozturk Sukru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnzer honey is well known in Turkey and used for its medicinal properties, especially for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, ulcers and cancer. In this study, we investigated whether Anzer honey, which is shown to have antioxidant, anti‐tumoral, and anti‐inflammatory properties, has a protective effect against X‐ray induced genotoxic damage by cytogenetic methods. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from 20 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups and cultivated by conventional methods. Study group lymphocytes were treated with 10% diluted honey while those in the control group were not. Both groups were exposed to a high dose (2 Gy) X‐ray at the 48th hour of culture. Conventional cytogenetic staining and Giemsa banding methods were applied to evaluate chromosomal breakage and ring formation. Micronucleus frequencies were determined by the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Paired samplettest was used to compare groups. Anzer honey, which was analyzed melissopalynologically, was used. Micronucleus frequency was significantly decreased in the study group (CI = 348.75 ± 31, median 326, min. 98, max. 704) compared to the control group (CI = 489.10 ± 27, median 500, min. 216, max. 645) (p = .001). Chromosomal breakage was also significantly decreased in the study group (CI = 118.70 ± 16, median 109, min. 12, max. 316) compared to the control group (CI = 233.60 ± 25, median 225, min. 65, max. 492) (p < .0001). This is the first study indicating that genotoxic damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers induced by X‐radiation may be prevented or alleviated by adding Anzer honey in vitro. These results encourage further research about the protective effects of honey.Research HighlightsAnzer honey has a genoprotective effect against radiation‐induced genotoxicity, probably by preventing oxidation damage.
Is this time different? Social capability and catch‐up growth in Ethiopia, 1950–2020
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores whether Ethiopia's rapid economic growth is transformative enough for the country to eventually catch up with high‐income countries. It does so by exploring the change and continuity of four elements of social capability from 1950 to 2020: structural transformation, economic inclusion and the state's autonomy and accountability. It finds that Ethiopia's social capability modestly strengthened until the mid‐1970s, then weakened until the early 2000s, and has since strengthened again. However, the level of inclusion has been persistently low. In conclusion, although there are grounds for optimism, limited economic inclusion is a key concern for future catch‐up growth.
Genomic heterogeneity contributed to different prognosis between adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic
Authors: Chen Yanxin , Zheng Yongzhi , Hong Yunda , Wen Jingjing , Li Jiazheng , Huang Yan , Chen Yi , Zheng Xiaoyun , Yang Ting , Xu Yangqi , Zheng Jing , Hu Jianda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults is inferior to that in children. Hence, ALL remains challenging to cure in the adult population. Aberrant genetic alterations have been observed in ALL, although the patterns of differential gene alterations in adult and pediatric ALL have not been comprehensively determined on a genome-wide scale. We investigated the biologic differences in genomic profiles between adults (n = 64) and children (n = 54) with ALL and relationship between genomic heterogeneity and prognosis. The 2 populations showed similar common mutation types but an increased prevalence of genetic alterations in adult ALL. The median numbers of gene mutations were 17 (range: 1–53) and 4.5 (range: 1–19) per sample in adult and pediatric ALL, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). An increased number of gene mutations and age were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.5853, p &lt; 0.001). We identified 122 and 53 driver genes in adult and pediatric ALL samples, respectively. IKZF1, IDH1, and TTN mutations were significantly enriched in adult patients with ALL. KRAS, ARID1A, and CREBBP mutations were significantly enriched in pediatric patients with ALL (p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of relapse was 40.0% and 9.6% in adult and pediatric patients with ALL, respectively (p = 0.003). The overall survival and relapse-free survival of adult patients with ALL were poorer than those of pediatric patients with ALL (p = 0.002 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). This genomic landscape enhances the understanding of the biologic differences in ALL between the 2 populations and provides insight for developing therapeutic approaches.
Contrast‐Enhanced Fluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery in Neuroimaging: A Narrative Review on Clinical Applications and Technical Advances
Authors: Ahn Sung Jun , Taoka Toshiaki , Moon Won‐Jin , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: February 2022

While contrast‐enhanced fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) has long been regarded as an adjunct sequence to evaluate leptomeningeal disease in addition to contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging, it is gradually being used for more diverse pathologies beyond leptomeningeal disease. Contrast‐enhanced FLAIR is known to be highly sensitive to low concentrations of gadolinium within the fluid. Accordingly, recent research has suggested the potential utility of contrast‐enhanced FLAIR in various kinds of disease, such as Meniere's disease, seizure, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain metastasis, in addition to being used for visualizing glymphatic dysfunction. However, its potential applications have been reported sporadically in an unorganized manner. Furthermore, the exact mechanism for its superior sensitivity to low concentrations of gadolinium has not been fully understood. Rapidly developing magnetic resonance technology and unoptimized parameters for FLAIR may challenge its accurate application in clinical practice. This review provides the fundamental mechanism of contrast‐enhanced FLAIR, systematically describes its current and potential clinical application, and elaborates on technical considerations for its optimization.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage5
M2 macrophage‐conditioned medium inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration in a tumor necrosis factor‐α‐rich environment
Authors: Li Xiao‐Chuan , Luo Shao‐Jian , Fan Wu , Zhou Tian‐Li , Huang Chun‐Ming , Wang Mao‐Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInflammation is the primary pathological phenomenon associated with disc degeneration; the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) plays a crucial role in this pathology. The anti‐inflammatory and regenerative effects of M2 macrophages on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression remain unknown. Here, M2 conditioned medium (M2CM) was harvested and purified from human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP‐1) cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, respectively; it was used for culturing human NPCs and a mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) organ culture model. NPCs and IVD organ models were divided into three groups: group 1 treated with 10% fetal bovine serum (control); group 2 treated with 10 ng/ml TNF‐α; and group 3 treated with 10 ng/ml TNF‐α and M2CM (coculture group). After 2–14 days, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, apoptosis, and NPC senescence were assessed. Cell proliferation was reduced in TNF‐α‐treated NPCs and inhibited in the M2CM co‐culture treatment. Moreover, TNF‐α treatment enhanced apoptosis, senescence, and expression of inflammatory factor‐related genes, including interleukin‐6, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐4, and ADAMTS‐5, whereas M2CM coculture significantly reversed these effects. In addition, co‐culture with M2CM promoted aggrecan and collagen II synthesis, but reduced collagen Iα1 levels in TNF‐α treatment groups. Using our established three‐dimensional murine IVD organ culture model, we show that M2CM suppressed the inhibitory effect of TNF‐α‐rich environment. Therefore, co‐culture with M2CM promotes cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis and inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and NPC senescence. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of M2CM for IDD.
Fetal Abdominal Cystic Masses
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Wang Xiaoguang , Zeng Kaihui , Wang Bing , Zhao Dan , Yang Zeyu , Chen Lizhu 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting intra‐abdominal masses derived from different systems.MethodsFetuses diagnosed with abdominal cystic masses during prenatal ultrasound were included in this study. The basic biological parameters of the fetus were measured in addition to the location of the cystic mass, the shape and size of the mass, the thickness of the cystic wall, dynamic changes, blood supply of the mass, and relationship with the surrounding organs. Whether the fetus also had other malformations was also recorded. Clinical data were followed up to 6 months after birth.ResultsBetween January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2021, 247 fetuses were included, most of which contained renal/adrenal cystic masses (n = 93, 37.7%), followed by hepatobiliary system (n = 48, 19.4%), gastrointestinal tract (n = 45, 18.2%), reproductive system (n = 29, 11.7%), and ureter and bladder (n = 27, 10.9%) masses, respectively. The minority were masses in other systems (n = 5, 2.0%). The overall prenatal diagnostic accuracy was 90.7%. There were significant differences in each system (χ2 = 13.0, P < .05). The most accurate type of cyst was diagnosed from renal and adrenal (96.8%) cases, followed by ureter and bladder (92.6%) cases, gastrointestinal tract (91.1%), hepatobiliary system (85.4%), and reproductive system (82.8%). Other systems (60.0%) were the least accurate type.ConclusionsA wide variety of cystic masses can be accurately detected in the fetal abdomen, and most of these lesions can be accurately diagnosed during pregnancy.
Impact of biochar and manure application on in situ carbon dioxide flux, microbial activity, and carbon budget in degraded cropland soil of southern India
Authors: Seki Mayuko , Sugihara Soh , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Jegadeesan Muniandi , Kannan Pandian , Bertrand Isabelle , Tanaka Haruo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiochar application is attracting attention to be an effective soil organic carbon (SOC) management to prevent land degradation, though quantitative information of its effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and associated microbial responses is still scarce, especially in degraded tropical agroecosystems. We conducted a 27‐month field experiment with periodically measuring environmental factors, CO2 efflux rate, microbial biomass C (MBC), and SOC stock, and evaluated the impact of land management (control (C), biochar (B; 8.2 Mg C ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM) (M; 1.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), and a mixture of both (BM) on CO2 flux, microbial responses (MBC and qCO2 as microbial activity) and C budget, in tropical alkaline cropland of southern India. Based on the relationship between the CO2 efflux rate and environmental factors, cumulative CO2 flux was estimated at 2.4, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.7 Mg C ha−1 in the C, B, M, and BM treatments, respectively. Biochar application increased soil moisture though did not affect CO2 flux, causing a positive C budget (6.7 Mg C ha−1), because of the limited response of microbes to increased soil moisture due to the small amount of SOC. Biochar and FYM combined application did not increase CO2 flux compared with FYM alone, contributing to the largest SOC increment (8.9 Mg C ha−1) with a positive C budget (9.1 Mg C ha−1), due to little difference of microbial responses between the two treatments. Hence, biochar application combined with FYM could be an effective SOC management in the degraded cropland of southern India.