bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Protection Impact Assessments in Practice
Authors: Friedewald Michael , Schiering Ina , Martin Nicholas , Hallinan Dara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of the project A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) Tool for Practical Use in Companies and Public Administration an operationalization for Data Protection Impact Assessments was developed based on the approach of Forum Privatheit. This operationalization was tested and refined during twelve tests with startups, small- and medium sized enterprises, corporations and public bodies. This paper presents the operationalization and summarizes the experience from the tests.
Entanglement entropy of a superflow
Authors: Khlebnikov Sergei , Sheoran Akhil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the theory of N free Dirac fermions with a uniformly winding mass, meiqx, in two spacetime dimensions. This theory (which describes for instance a superconducting current in an N-channel wire) has been proposed to have a higher-spin gravity with scalar matter as the large-N dual. To order m2, however, thermodynamic quantities in it can be computed using standard general relativity instead. Here, we consider the question if the same is true for the entanglement entropy (EE). By comparing results obtained on two sides of the duality, we find that general relativity indeed accounts correctly for the EE of an interval to order m2 (and all orders in q).
Surgical stabilization of serial rib fractures is advantageous in patients with relevant traumatic brain injury
Authors: Freitag Philipp , Bechmann Cornelius , Eden Lars , Meffert Rainer , Walles Thorsten 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical benefit of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) in polytrauma patients with serial rib fractures.

Methods
Retrospective single-center cohort analysis in trauma patients. Serial rib fracture was defined as three consecutive ribs confirmed by chest computer tomography (CT). Study cohort includes 243 patients that were treated conservatively and 34 patients that underwent SSRF. Demographic patient data, trauma mechanism, injury pattern, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and hospital course were analyzed. Two matched pair analyses stratified for ISS (32 pairs) and GCS (25 pairs) were performed.

Results
The majority of patients was male (74%) and aged 55 ± 20 years. Serial rib fractures were associated with more than 6 broken ribs in average (6.3 ± 3.7). Other thoracic bone injury included sternum (18%), scapula (16%) and clavicula (13%). Visceral injury consisted of pneumothorax (51%), lung contusion (33%) and diaphragmatic rupture (2%). Average ISS was 22 ± 7.3. Overall hospital stay was 15.9 and ICU stay 7.4 days. In hospital, mortality was 13%. SSRF did not improve hospital course or postoperative complications in the complete study cohort. However, patients with a significantly reduced GCS (7.6 ± 5.3 vs 11.22 ± 4.8; p = 0.006) benefitted from SSRF. Matched pair analysis stratified for GCS showed shorter ICU stays (9 vs 15 days; p = 0.005) including shorter respirator time (143 vs 305 h; p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Patients with serial rib fractures and simultaneous moderate or severe traumatic brain injury benefit from surgical stabilization of rib fractures.
Qualität und Ethik in der Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Marckmann Georg , Schildmann Jan 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff „Qualität“ in der Gesundheitsversorgung wird häufig verwendet, aber unterschiedlich bestimmt. Einerseits beschreibt „Qualität“ die Beschaffenheit oder Eigenschaft von Dingen und ist in dieser Hinsicht deskriptiv. In den Bereichen Qualitätsmanagement und Qualitätssicherung steht aber die normative Dimension von „Qualität“ im Sinne der Bewertung von Strukturen, Prozessen oder Ergebnissen von Handlungen im Kontext der Gesundheitsversorgung im Mittelpunkt. Dabei bestehen verschiedene Anknüpfungspunkte zwischen ethischen Erwägungen im Gesundheitswesen und Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung. Zunächst sind die Erbringung und Sicherung von hoher Qualität ein ethischer Imperativ, geboten durch die Prinzipien Wohltun und Nichtschaden. Für eine hohe ethische Qualität der Versorgung sind darüber hinaus aber auch die ethischen Prinzipien Achtung der Patient:innenautonomie und Gerechtigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Nicht zuletzt sind die Bestimmung und Begründung dessen, was „gute“ oder „hohe“ Qualität in der Gesundheitsversorgung meint, aus ethischer Sicht zu reflektieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert diese ethischen Dimensionen des Qualitätsmanagements und der Qualitätssicherung. Dazu wird zunächst erläutert, welche ethischen Anforderungen als Qualitätsmerkmale in der Patient:innenversorgung zu berücksichtigen sind. Anschließend werden ethisch relevante Herausforderungen bei der Bestimmung der Qualität im Gesundheitswesen anhand von Kriterien der Ergebnisqualität identifiziert und die Vermittlung professioneller Kompetenzen in der medizinischen Ausbildung als möglicher Beitrag zu Qualität und Qualitätssicherung im Gesundheitswesen erörtert. Den Abschluss bilden Überlegungen zur Bestimmung und Sicherung der Qualität unter den Bedingungen begrenzter Gesundheitsressourcen.
Separating the direct effects of traits on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from those mediated by type 2 diabetes
Authors: Walker Venexia M. , Vujkovic Marijana , Carter Alice R. , Davies Neil M. , Udler Miriam S. , Levin Michael G. , Davey Smith George , Voight Benjamin F. , Gaunt Tom R. , Damrauer Scott M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims/hypothesisType 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic CVD share many risk factors. This study aimed to systematically assess a broad range of continuous traits to separate their direct effects on coronary and peripheral artery disease from those mediated by type 2 diabetes.MethodsOur main analysis was a two-step Mendelian randomisation for mediation to quantify the extent to which the associations observed between continuous traits and liability to atherosclerotic CVD were mediated by liability to type 2 diabetes. To support this analysis, we performed several univariate Mendelian randomisation analyses to examine the associations between our continuous traits, liability to type 2 diabetes and liability to atherosclerotic CVD.ResultsEight traits were eligible for the two-step Mendelian randomisation with liability to coronary artery disease as the outcome and we found similar direct and total effects in most cases. Exceptions included fasting insulin and hip circumference where the proportion mediated by liability to type 2 diabetes was estimated as 56% and 52%, respectively. Six traits were eligible for the analysis with liability to peripheral artery disease as the outcome. Again, we found limited evidence to support mediation by liability to type 2 diabetes for all traits apart from fasting insulin (proportion mediated: 70%).Conclusions/interpretationMost traits were found to affect liability to atherosclerotic CVD independently of their relationship with liability to type 2 diabetes. These traits are therefore important for understanding atherosclerotic CVD risk regardless of an individual’s liability to type 2 diabetes.Graphical abstract
Postpartum urinary retention: what are the sequelae? A long-term study and review of the literature
Authors: Mohr Stefan , Raio Luigi , Gobrecht-Keller Ursula , Imboden Sara , Mueller Michael D. , Kuhn Annette 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) may cause long-term urogenital tract morbidity. The incidence ranges from 0.18 to 14.6%, but the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate management is often underappreciated. The paucity of data on long-term outcome after PUR contributes to these drawbacks. The aim of this study was to assess long-term persistence of elevated PVR (post-void residual urine) volume after PUR. Pathophysiology, risk factors and management of PUR are reviewed.

Methods
In our tertiary referral urogynecology unit in the University Women’s Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, all patients who were referred for PUR were asked to participate in this study. PVR was measured sonographically every 2 days until day 15, then after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months and, if increased, the patients were instructed to perform clean intermittent self-catheterization. If retention persisted longer than the lactation period, multichannel urodynamics was performed.

Results
Sixty-two patients were included. The median PVR normalized at day 7. Long-term voiding disorders were found in 8.2%, 6.7%, and 4.9% after 1, 2, and 3 years respectively. Multichannel urodynamics confirmed in all patients with persisting retention an acontractile detrusor and de novo stress urinary incontinence in 4 cases. Quantile regression did not reveal any factor contributing to earlier recovery. Eighty-nine percent of the patients with PUR had operative vaginal deliveries, emphasizing the importance of this risk factor for PUR.

Conclusions
In most cases PUR resolves early, but voiding difficulties persist more often than previously thought, and for these patients the consequences are devastating. Obstetric awareness, early active management, and developing management strategies in the postpartum period might preclude lower urinary tract morbidity.
A New Perspective on Wasserstein Distances for Kinetic Problems
Authors: Iacobelli Mikaela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a new class of Wasserstein-type distances specifically designed to tackle questions concerning stability and convergence to equilibria for kinetic equations. Thanks to these new distances, we improve some classical estimates by Loeper (J Math Pures Appl (9) 86(1):68–79, 2006) and Dobrushin (Funktsional Anal i Prilozhen 13:48–58, 1979) on Vlasov-type equations, and we present an application to quasi-neutral limits.
A Fourier restriction theorem for a perturbed hyperbolic paraboloid: polynomial partitioning
Authors: Buschenhenke Stefan , Müller Detlef , Vargas Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider a surface with negative curvature in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3,$$

R

3

,

which is a cubic perturbation of the saddle. For this surface, we prove a new restriction theorem, analogous to the theorem for paraboloids proved by L. Guth in 2016. This specific perturbation has turned out to be of fundamental importance also to the understanding of more general classes of one-variate perturbations, and we hope that the present paper will further help to pave the way for the study of general perturbations of the saddle by means of the polynomial partitioning method.
Microstructural meal pattern analysis reveals a paradoxical acute increase in food intake after nicotine despite its long-term anorexigenic effects
Authors: Shankar Kokila , Ambroggi Frederic , George Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Nicotine consumption in both human and animal studies has been strongly associated with changes in feeding-related behaviors and metabolism. The current dogma is that nicotine is an anorexic agent that decreases food intake and increases metabolism, leading to decreased body weight gain. However, there are conflicting reports about the acute effects of nicotine on hunger in humans. No study has reported nicotine-induced decreases in food intake within minutes of consumption, suggesting that our understanding of the pharmacological effects of nicotine on appetite and feeding may be incorrect.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to elucidate effects of acute nicotine intake on feeding and drinking behavior.

Methods
Adult male Wistar rats were trained to intravenously self-administer nicotine. Microstructural and macrostructural behavioral analyses were employed to look at changes in food and water intake at different timescales.

Results
At the macrostructural level (hours to days), nicotine decreased body weight gain, decreased feeding, and was associated with increases in feeding and body weight gain during abstinence. At the microstructural level (seconds to minutes), nicotine increased feeding and drinking behavior during the first 5 min after nicotine self-administration. This effect was also observed in animals that passively received nicotine, but the effect was not observed in animals that self-administered saline or passively received saline.

Conclusions
These results challenge the notion that the initial pharmacological effect of nicotine is anorexigenic and paradoxically suggest that an acute increase in food intake minutes after exposure to nicotine may contribute to the long-term anorexigenic effects of nicotine.
Non-invasive imaging of tau-targeted probe uptake by whole brain multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Vagenknecht Patrick , Luzgin Artur , Ono Maiko , Ji Bin , Higuchi Makoto , Noain Daniela , Maschio Cinzia A. , Sobek Jens , Chen Zhenyue , Konietzko Uwe , Gerez Juan A. , Riek Roland , Razansky Daniel , Klohs Jan , Nitsch Roger M. , Dean-Ben Xose Luis , Ni Ruiqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Abnormal tau accumulation within the brain plays an important role in tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. High-resolution imaging of tau deposits at the whole-brain scale in animal disease models is highly desired.

Methods
We approached this challenge by non-invasively imaging the brains of P301L mice of 4-repeat tau with concurrent volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) at ~ 115 μm spatial resolution using the tau-targeted pyridinyl-butadienyl-benzothiazole derivative PBB5 (i.v.). In vitro probe characterization, concurrent vMSOT and epi-fluorescence imaging of in vivo PBB5 targeting (i.v.) was performed in P301L and wild-type mice, followed by ex vivo validation using AT-8 antibody for phosphorylated tau.

Results
PBB5 showed specific binding to recombinant K18 tau fibrils by fluorescence assay, to post-mortem Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue homogenate by competitive binding against [11C]PBB3 and to tau deposits (AT-8 positive) in post-mortem corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy brains. Dose-dependent optoacoustic and fluorescence signal intensities were observed in the mouse brains following i.v. administration of different concentrations of PBB5. In vivo vMSOT brain imaging of P301L mice showed higher retention of PBB5 in the tau-laden cortex and hippocampus compared to wild-type mice, as confirmed by ex vivo vMSOT, epi-fluorescence, multiphoton microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining.

Conclusions
We demonstrated non-invasive whole-brain imaging of tau in P301L mice with vMSOT system using PBB5 at a previously unachieved ~ 115 μm spatial resolution. This platform provides a new tool to study tau spreading and clearance in a tauopathy mouse model, foreseeable in monitoring tau targeting putative therapeutics.
Predictors for second-stage posterior direct decompression after lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a review of five hundred fifty-seven patients in the past five years
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Tian-zhen , Zhang Ning , Chen Qi-xin , Li Fang-cai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the predictors for second-stage posterior direct decompression (PDD) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) procedure.

Methods
We studied patients who underwent LLIF for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in the last five years, from July 2016 to June 2021. All surgical levels were grouped according to Schizas’ central canal stenosis (CCS) classification, Pathria’s facet joint degeneration (FJD) classification, Bartynski’s lateral recess stenosis (LRS) classification, and Lee’s foraminal stenosis (FS) classification. Second-stage PDD rates of each subgroup and their annual change were analyzed. Evaluation of risk factors associated with PDD was investigated.

Results
A total of 901 segments from 557 patients were included. The overall PDD rate was 29.97%. An overall PDD rate of 75.21% for grade D CCS, 29.74% for grade C CCS, 41.67% for grade 3 FJD, 37.61% for grade 3 LRS, and 40.70% for grade 3 FS was shown. While there was a continuous decline in annual PDD rate in the past four years, the annual PDD rate for grade D remained at very high levels. Logistic regression analysis had shown grade D CCS as the utmost risk factor for PDD (OR = 17.77). And grade 3 LRS (OR = 4.63), grade 3 FS (OR = 2.42), grade C CCS (OR = 2.41), and grade 3 FJD (OR = 2.04) were also moderately correlated with PDD, which meant they only moderately increased the risk of PDD.

Conclusion
Extreme severe lumbar CCS (grade D) is the greatest determinant to perform the second-stage PDD procedure after LLIF.
Mechanistic Insights into Immune Suppression and Evasion in Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Amabebe Emmanuel , Anumba Dilly O. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe immunological response to bacterial vaginosis (BV) remains poorly understood and recurrent BV is still a major public health burden especially in the pregnant population. This article reviews the potential mechanisms by which BV-associated bacteria suppress and circumvent the host and microbial defence responses, and propagate their survival/dominance without overt inflammation. We discuss the composition of cervicovaginal mucosal barrier and the mechanism by which BV circumvents host defence: the degradation of the mucosal barrier and immunoglobulin A (IgA); the BV-associated organism Gardnerella vaginalis haemolysin (vaginolysin); diminished IgA response against vaginolysin; mucosal sialic acid degradation, foraging and depletion; inhibition of IL-8-induced neutrophilic infiltration; and metabolite-induced incapacitation of neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis. We also highlight the tolerance/resistance to both host and antimicrobial molecules mounted by BV-associated biofilms. A plausible role of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECS) was also suggested. Sialidase, which is often produced by G. vaginalis, is central to the immunosuppression, relapse and recurrence observed in BV, although it is supported by other hydrolytic enzymes, vaginolysin and immunomodulatory metabolites.
Dietary B group vitamin intake and the bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Boot Iris W. A. , Wesselius Anke , Yu Evan Y. W. , Brinkman Maree , van den Brandt Piet , Grant Eric J. , White Emily , Weiderpass Elisabete , Ferrari Pietro , Schulze Matthias B. , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Jose-Sanchez Maria , Gylling Bjorn , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Diet may play an essential role in the aetiology of bladder cancer (BC). The B group complex vitamins involve diverse biological functions that could be influential in cancer prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between various components of the B group vitamin complex and BC risk.

Methods
Dietary data were pooled from four cohort studies. Food item intake was converted to daily intakes of B group vitamins and pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using Cox-regression models. Dose–response relationships were examined using a nonparametric test for trend.

Results
In total, 2915 BC cases and 530,012 non-cases were included in the analyses. The present study showed an increased BC risk for moderate intake of vitamin B1 (HRB1: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20). In men, moderate intake of the vitamins B1, B2, energy-related vitamins and high intake of vitamin B1 were associated with an increased BC risk (HR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.02–1.26), 1.14 (1.02–1.26), 1.13 (1.02–1.26; 1.13 (1.02–1.26), respectively). In women, high intake of all vitamins and vitamin combinations, except for the entire complex, showed an inverse association (HR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.67–0.97), 0.83 (0.70–1.00); 0.77 (0.63–0.93), 0.73 (0.61–0.88), 0.82 (0.68–0.99), 0.79 (0.66–0.95), 0.80 (0.66–0.96), 0.74 (0.62–0.89), 0.76 (0.63–0.92), respectively). Dose–response analyses showed an increased BC risk for higher intake of vitamin B1 and B12.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of future research on the food sources of B group vitamins in the context of the overall and sex-stratified diet.
DEIDS: a novel intrusion detection system for industrial control systems
Authors: Gu Haoran , Lai Yingxu , Wang Yipeng , Liu Jing , Sun Motong , Mao Beifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to the development of industrial production, the hidden danger in industrial control systems (ICSs) has considerably increased, causing challenges in traditional safety defense methods. The combination of machine-learning or deep-learning algorithms and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) has become the mainstream method for solving this problem. However, these methods depend on a massive amount of high-quality attack traffic data, which cannot be obtained easily owing to the independence and unique characteristics of ICSs. In this study, we apply the reconstructed convolutional neural network and a data expansion algorithm named CenterBorderline_SMOTE (CB_SMOTE) to an IDS and propose data expansion intrusion detection system (DEIDS). The DEIDS is an end-to-end detection model that learns representative attack features from raw traffic and classifies them in a unified framework. Moreover, we adopt the classification activation map structure, which can deeply mine the potential characteristics of traffic and enhance the effectiveness of attack features. While enhancing the data quality, we introduce the designed CB_SMOTE algorithm into DEIDS to expand the data and solve the problem of insufficient attack data in the system. Our comprehensive experiments on different open datasets indicate that DEIDS achieves an excellent performance (97$$\%$$
%
detection accuracy) and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results also show that our method has high efficiency and high accuracy in processing ICSs datasets.
Development of hybrid monoliths incorporating metal–organic frameworks for stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of estrogen endocrine disruptors in water and human urine samples
Authors: Zatrochová S. , Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H. , Catalá-Icardo M. , Simó-Alfonso E. F. , Lhotská I. , Šatínský D. , Herrero-Martínez J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel coating based on hybrid monolith with metal–organic framework (MOF) onto conventional Teflon-coated magnetic stir bars was developed. For this purpose, the external surface of the Teflon stir bar was firstly vinylized in order to immobilize a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)–based polymer onto the magnet. Then, an amino-modified MOF of type MIL-101 (NH2-MIL-101(Al)) was covalently attached to the GMA-based monolith. After the synthesis process, several parameters affecting extraction of target estrogens by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) including pH, ionic strength, extraction time, stirring rate, desorption solvent, and desorption time were also investigated. The resulting hybrid monolith was evaluated as SBSE sorbent for extraction of three estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol) and synthetic 17β-ethinylestradiol from water and human urine samples followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection (excitation and emission wavelengths, 280 and 310 nm, respectively). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the analytical figures of the method were established, achieving satisfactory limits of detection in the range of 0.015–0.58 µg L−1, recovery results ranging from 70 to 95% with RSD less than 6%, and precision values (intra- and inter-extraction units) below 6%.
Graphical abstract