bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Kantian Argument Against Environmental Destruction
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter makes creative use of Kantianism for Animals to argue against environmental destruction. Previous contributions on Kantian environmental ethics have focused on defending Kant’s own conception of indirect duties regarding nature, hoping to show that Kant’s view is not as exploitative as it sounds. By contrast, this chapter argues that Kant’s ethic is indeed exploitative, but not objectionably so, as long as animals are included in moral concern for their own sake. What results from Kantianism for Animals is basically an animal liberationist, sentientist view in environmental ethics. However, it is a unique version of sentientism that is well positioned to address some traditional objections, particularly thanks to the idea of duties to self.
Animal Ethics and the Philosophical Canon: A Proposal
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter concludes the book, discussing the main results and open questions for further research. It revisits the book’s basic agenda: to use Kantianismconstructively, toreviseit so that it includes animals in moral concern, and to beradicalabout it in the sense that duties to animals and human beings are set on equal philosophical footing. The chapter proposes that animal ethicists should take this approach to other figures from the history of philosophy, particularly if their views explicitly or implicitly exclude animals from moral concern.
Kantian Moral Concern, Love, and Respect
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the question what it means for anyone to ‘matter’ in Kant’s ethics. The chapter first offers a Kantian analysis of ‘moral status’ vocabulary. It then introduces some main themes of Kant’s interpersonal ethics: his system of distinctions between different duty-types we have towards others, others’ happiness as an obligatory end, the demand for practical love and respect, his list of specific duties we have towards others, and the practical purpose of Kant’s ethics in general. This clarifies what it means to include animals in moral concern in later chapters. It also introduces animal ethicists to unfamiliar aspects of Kant’s ethics.
The Case Against Kant’s ‘Indirect Duty’ Approach
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a critical overview of the debate about Kant’s ‘indirect duty’ approach to animal ethics. According to Kant’s view, we have no duties ‘towards’ animals, but only ‘regarding’ them. Specifically, we have a duty to cultivate our capacity for sympathy and gratitude in our interactions with animals. Philosophers have advanced two main lines of objection against this view: First, it contains a contradiction, secondly, it is too weak in its demands. The chapter reconstructs the debate and argues that Kantian defences against these objections have not been sufficient. It adds the novel argument that Kant’s view also fails to be helpful in the way Kantian philosophy is supposed to be, since it undermines trust in ordinary moral feelings rather than reinvigorating it.
Is the Formula of Humanity the Problem?
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the relation between non-human animals and Kant’s ‘Formula of Humanity’, which asks us to treat humanity as an end in itself, not as a mere means. The chapter discusses difficulties in reading the formula as a substantive principle about who deserves moral concern. The views of Wood and Korsgaard are discussed in this context. The chapter points out a different interpretation of the formula on which it expresses a feature of autonomous willing rather than a substantive moral principle. The boundary of moral concern is fixed by an entirely different part of Kant’s ethical system, namely his doctrine of obligatory ends. The chapter advocates devoting more attention to the question how animals can be included in this part of Kant’s thought.
Kantian Moral Patients Without Practical Reason?
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the extent to which Kant’s views on interpersonal ethics can be applied to animals, provided we recognise the existence of duties to animals. The first difficulty is that we cannot have any ‘duties of respect’ towards animals, since these duties rest on the idea of recognising the equality of moral agents. The second difficulty is that Kant’s central demand that we adopt the ends of others rests on the idea that others are instrumentally rational pursuers of their own happiness. Animals are neither, according to Kant. The chapter proposes amendments to the Kantian ethical framework to resolve these difficulties. It also details Kant’s views on instinct as a driver of animal behaviour, which puts them in contrast with rational agents.
Kantianism for Animals: The Framework in Five Claims
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarises Kantianism for Animals, a Kantian view which puts duties towards animals and human beings on equal philosophical footing. It highlights five claims which together make the view distinctive in animal ethics: (1) Duties derive their bindingness from autonomy; (2) Duties have primacy over moral rights and claims; (3) We have a duty to others to promote their happiness, and a duty to self to promote our own moral perfection; (4) We ought to reconcile practical love for animals with a maxim of non-exaltation; (5) Ends, maxims, and incentives matter for moral worth. The chapter discusses how these claims set Kantianism for Animals apart from prominent received views in animal ethics, including the views of Regan and Korsgaard.
Stellenwert der transpedikulären Biopsie bei Kypho- und Vertebroplastien von Wirbelkörperfrakturen
Authors: Osterhoff Georg , Rappert Denis , Scheyerer Max J. , Disch Alexander C. , Ullrich Bernhard W. , Spiegl Ulrich A. , Schnake Klaus J. ,   Arbeitsgruppe „Osteoporotische Frakturen“ und „Tumore“ der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Transpedikuläre Zementaugmentationen sind eine etablierte Therapieoption in der Behandlung pathologischer Kompressionsfrakturen der Wirbelsäule. Neben der Osteoporose sind auch immer wieder metastasierte Grundleiden oder seltener ein primärer Knochentumor Ursache für Wirbelkompressionsfrakturen ohne adäquates Trauma.

Ziel
Erstellung eines aktuellen Meinungsbildes unter Wirbelsäulenchirurgen in Deutschland, der Schweiz und Österreich zum Stellenwert der transpedikulären Biopsie während Kypho- und Vertebroplastien von Wirbelkörperfrakturen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein webbasierter UmfrageOnline®-Fragebogen mit 11 Fragen erstellt und an die E‑Mail-Verteiler der Deutschen Wirbelsäulengesellschaft (DWG), der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie (spine.at) und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für spinale Chirurgie (SGS) sowie an den E‑Mail-Verteiler der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) versendet.

Ergebnisse
Von insgesamt kontaktierten 2675 Wirbelsäulenchirurgen beantworteten 250 (9,3 %) die Umfrage. Rund ein Drittel (29,8 %) der Befragten führt regelhaft bei jeder Kypho- oder Vertebroplastie eine transpedikuläre Biopsie durch. Genannte Gründe für eine Biopsie waren ein bildmorphologischer (79,7 %) oder anamnestischer Verdacht auf eine Tumorerkrankung (66,0 %) oder das Vorliegen einer solchen (71,4 %). Als Gründe gegen eine routinemäßige Biopsie wurden die damit verbundenen Kosten und die limitierte Aussagekraft der gewonnenen Biopsate genannt.

Diskussion
Fast ein Drittel der befragten Wirbelsäulenchirurgen führt regelhaft bei jeder Kypho- oder Vertebroplastie eine transpedikuläre Biopsie durch. Fast alle Befragten führen Biopsien zumindest dann durch, wenn eine Tumorerkrankung bekannt ist bzw. aufgrund von Risikofaktoren vermutet wird. Zukünftige Studien müssen die Kosteneffizienz der transpedikulären Biopsie weiter abklären.

Graphic abstract
Responsible attention: the effect of divided attention on metacognition and responsible remembering
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. , Castel Alan D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe are frequently exposed to situations where we need to remember important information when our attentional resources are divided; however, it was previously unclear how divided attention impacts responsible remembering: selective memory for important information to avoid consequences for forgetting. In the present study, we examined participants’ memory for valuable information, metacognitive accuracy, and goal-directed cognitive control mechanisms when under full and divided attention. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with words paired with point values counting towards their score if recalled but were required to “bet” on whether they would remember it. Results revealed that selective memory for high-value information was impaired under divided attention. In Experiment 2, we presented participants with unassociated word pairs and solicited metacognitive predictions of recall (i.e., JOLs). Results revealed that the relative accuracy of participants’ metacognitive judgments was enhanced when studying under divided attention. Experiment 3 examined cognitive control mechanisms to selectively remember goal-relevant information at the expense of information that could potentially be offloaded (i.e.,responsible forgetting). Results revealed that participants’ ability to strategically prioritize goal-relevant information at the expense of information that could be offloaded was preserved under divided attention. Collectively,responsible attentionencompasses how attentional resources impact one’s ability to engage in responsible remembering and we demonstrate that responsible remembering can be impaired, enhanced, and preserved in certain contexts.
Regularity of gradient vector fields giving rise to finite Caccioppoli partitions
Authors: Moser Roger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a finite set$$A \subseteq \mathbb {R}^n$$A⊆Rn, consider a function$$u \in \mathrm {BV}_\mathrm {loc}^2(\mathbb {R}^n)$$u∈BVloc2(Rn)such that$$\nabla u \in A$$∇u∈Aalmost everywhere. IfAis convex independent, then it follows thatuis piecewise affine away from a closed, countably$${\mathcal {H}}^{n - 1}$$Hn-1-rectifiable set. IfAis affinely independent, thenuis piecewise affine away from a closed$${\mathcal {H}}^{n - 1}$$Hn-1-null set.
Antiretroviral Therapy Use, Viral Detectability and Fear of Onward Transmission Among People Living with HIV in Australia: Changes Between 1997 and 2018
Authors: Norman Thomas , Bourne Adam , Lyons Anthony , Rule John , Power Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and fears towards the onward transmission of HIV have changed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Australia between 1997 and 2018. Participants were recruited as part of the HIV Futures study, a large cross-sectional survey of PLHIV in Australia, in 1997, 2003, 2012 and 2018 (total n = 3889). ART use, viral load detectability, and fear of onward HIV transmission were compared between years. Predictors of onward transmission fear were assessed among the 2018 subsample. While ART use within our sample decreased between 1997 and 2003, it subsequently increased to 97% in 2018. Self-reported viral load undetectability steadily increased over time, up to 88% in 2018. Notably, fewer PLHIV reported being fearful of transmitting HIV in 2018 compared to all other years. Being unfamiliar with the undetectable = untransmissible health movement, and having a detectable or uncertain viral load at last test, were significant predictors of being fearful of onward HIV transmission. Beyond the immediate medical considerations of HIV treatment, these results suggest that the undetectable = untransmissible movement may play a critical role in attenuating burdens experienced by PLHIV in Australia and that such messaging, in tandem with early and consistent ART use, should remain a salient feature of heath messaging among this population.
On the use of Wasserstein distance in the distributional analysis of human decision making under uncertainty
Authors: Candelieri Antonio , Ponti Andrea , Giordani Ilaria , Archetti Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe key contribution of this paper is a theoretical framework to analyse humans’ decision-making strategies under uncertainty, and more specifically how human subjects manage the trade-off between information gathering (exploration) and reward seeking (exploitation) in particular active learning in a black-box optimization task. Humans’ decisions making according to these two objectives can be modelled in terms of Pareto rationality. If a decision set contains a Pareto efficient (dominant) strategy, a rational decision maker should always select the dominant strategy over its dominated alternatives. A distance from the Pareto frontier determines whether a choice is (Pareto) rational. The key element in the proposed analytical framework is the representation of behavioural patterns of human learners as a discrete probability distribution, specifically a histogram considered as a non-parametric estimate of discrete probability density function on the real line. Thus, the similarity between users can be captured by a distance between their associated histograms. This maps the problem of the characterization of humans’ behaviour into a space, whose elements are probability distributions, structured by a distance between histograms, namely the optimal transport-based Wasserstein distance. The distributional analysis gives new insights into human behaviour in search tasks and their deviations from Pareto rationality. Since the uncertainty is one of the two objectives defining the Pareto frontier, the analysis has been performed for three different uncertainty quantification measures to identify which better explains the Pareto compliant behavioural patterns. Beside the analysis of individual patterns Wasserstein has also enabled a global analysis computing the WST barycenters and performing k-means Wasserstein clustering.
Wild type cardiac amyloidosis: is it time to order a nuclear technetium pyrophosphate SPECT imaging study?
Authors: Shen Christine P. , Vanichsarn Christopher T. , Pandey Amitabh C. , Billick Kristen , Rubenson David S. , Mohan Rajeev C. , Heywood James Thomas , Srivastava Ajay V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a debilitating systemic disease often associated with symptomatic cardiac involvement. Diagnosis has dramatically changed with the advent of Technetium-99 m pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). With the ability to diagnose ATTR amyloidosis noninvasively and offer newer therapies, it is increasingly important to identify which patients should be referred for this testing. Relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain on echocardiogram can be potentially used to screen such patients. We sought to describe electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram (TTE) findings, including relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain, in ATTR amyloidosis patients diagnosed non-invasively with 99mTc-PYP imaging. This was a single-center, retrospective study with 64 patients who underwent 99mTc-PYP imaging between June 2016 and February 2019. Relative apical longitudinal strain was calculated from left ventricular longitudinal strain (LV LS) values. No ECG parameters were meaningfully associated with of 99 m Tc-PYP positive patients. LV mass index (p = 0.001), IVSd (p < 0.001), and LVPWd (< 0.001) demonstrated a highly significant difference between positive and negative 99mTc-PYP groups. 99mTc-PYP positive patients had a higher relative apical sparing of LV LS (p < 0.001), and notably, no 99mTc-PYP negative patient had a ratio > 1.0. The finding of relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain can reliably guide clinicians in triaging which patients to consider ordering 99mTc-PYP imaging for the noninvasive diagnosis of wild type cardiac amyloidosis. A patient with clinically suggestive features and an LV LS relative apical sparing ratio > 0.8 can be considered for 99mTc-PYP imaging to evaluate for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis.
At the intersection of mind and climate change: integrating inner dimensions of climate change into policymaking and practice
Authors: Wamsler Christine , Bristow Jamie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDominant policy approaches have failed to generate action at anywhere near the rate, scale or depth needed to avert climate change and environmental disaster. In particular, they fail to address the need for a fundamental cultural transformation, which involves a collective shift in mindsets (values, beliefs, worldviews and associated inner human capacities). Whilst scholars and practitioners are increasingly calling for more integrative approaches, knowledge on how the link between our mind and the climate crisis can be best addressed in policy responses is still scarce. Our study addresses this gap. Based on a survey and in-depth interviews with high-level policymakers worldwide, we explore how they perceive the intersection of mind and climate change, how it is reflected in current policymaking and how it could be better considered to support transformation. Our findings show, on the one hand, that the mind is perceived as a victim of increasing climate impacts. On the other hand, it is considered a key driver of the crisis, and a barrier to action, to the detriment of both personal and planetary wellbeing. The resultant vicious cycle of mind and climate change is, however, not reflected in mainstream policymaking, which fails to generate more sustainable pathways. At the same time, there are important lessons from other fields (e.g. education, health, the workplace, policy mainstreaming) that provide insights into how to integrate aspects of mind into climate policies. Our results show that systematic integration into policymaking is a key for improving both climate resilience and climate responsiveness across individual, collective, organisational and system levels and indicate the inner human potential and capacities that support related change. We conclude with some policy recommendations and further research that is needed to move from a vicious to a virtuous cycle of mind and climate change that supports personal and planetary wellbeing.
Why the extended mind is nothing special but is central
Authors: Ongaro Giulio , Hardman Doug , Deschenaux Ivan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe extended mind thesis states that the mind is not brain-bound but extends into the physical world. The philosophical debate around the thesis has mostly focused on extension towards epistemic artefacts, treating the phenomenon as a special capacity of the human organism to recruit external physical resources to solve individual tasks. This paper argues that if the mind extends to artefacts in the pursuit of individual tasks, it extends to other humans in the pursuit of collective tasks. Mind extension to other humans corresponds essentially to the ‘we-mode’ of cognition, the unique power of human minds to be jointly directed at goals, intentions, states of affairs, or values (which, importantly, differs from having a ‘group mind’). Because the capacity for collective intentionality holds evolutionary and developmental primacy over human-epistemic artefacts relations, the extended mind should not be seen as a special phenomenon, but as a central aspect of the human condition. The original extended mind thesis carried important implications for how the cognitive sciences should proceed. In a version of the thesis that accommodates collective intentionality, these implications would go far deeper than originally assumed.
Relevance of document types in the scores’ calculation of a specific field-normalized indicator: Are the scores strongly dependent on or nearly independent of the document type handling?
Authors: Haunschild Robin , Bornmann Lutz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough it is bibliometric standard to employ field normalization, the detailed procedure of field normalization is not standardized regarding the handling of the document types. All publications without filtering the document type can be used or only selected document types. Furthermore, the field-normalization procedure can be carried out with regard to the document type of publications or without. We studied if the field-normalized scores strongly depend on the choice of different document type handlings. In doing so, we used the publications from the Web of Science between 2000 and 2017 and compared different field-normalized scores. We compared the results on the individual publication level, the country level, and the institutional level. We found rather high correlations between the different scores but the concordance values provide a more differentiated conclusion: Rather different scores are produced on the individual publication level. As our results on the aggregated levels are not supported by our results on the level of individual publications, any comparison of normalized scores that result from different procedures should only be performed with caution.
Largest contribution to LIS by external disciplines as measured by the characteristics of research articles
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Chang Yu-Wei , Järvelin Kalervo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper analyses Library and Information Science (LIS) articles published in leading international LIS journals based on their authors’ disciplinary backgrounds. The study combines content analysis of articles with authors’ affiliation analysis. The main research question is: Are authors’ disciplinary backgrounds associated with choice of research topics and methods in LIS articles? The study employs a quantitative content analysis of articles published in 30 + scholarly LIS journals in 2015, focusing on research topics and methods. The articles are also assigned to three disciplinary categories based on authors’ affiliations: External (no authors from LIS institutions), Internal (all authors from LIS institutions), and Mixed (some authors from LIS institutions, some from outside). The association of articles’ disciplinary categories with article research topics and methods is analysed quantitatively. Most research contributions to LIS come from external articles (57%). However, LIS scholars have a clear majority in research on L&I services and institutions (68%), while external scholars dominate the contributions in Information retrieval (73%) and Scientific communication (Scientometrics, 69%). Internal articles tend to have an intermediary’s (29%) or end-user’s (22%) viewpoint on information dissemination while the external ones have developer’s viewpoint (27%) or no dissemination viewpoint (49%). Among research strategies, survey (29%) and concept analysis (23%) dominate internal articles, survey (28%) and citation analysis (19%) dominate mixed articles, and survey (20%) and citation analysis (19%) dominate external articles. The application profiles of research strategies varied somewhat between disciplinary categories and main topics. Consequently, the development of LIS in the areas of Information retrieval, Information seeking, and Scientific communication seems highly dependent on the contribution of other disciplines. As a small discipline, LIS may have difficulties in responding to the challenges of other disciplines interested in research questions in these three areas.
The G4i Analogue of a G3i Sequent Calculus
Authors: Iemhoff Rosalie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a method to obtain terminating analytic calculi for a large class of intuitionistic modal logics. For a given logic with a cut-free calculus that is an extension of the method produces a terminating analytic calculus that is an extension of and equivalent to . was introduced by Roy Dyckhoff in 1992 as a terminating analogue of the calculus for intuitionistic propositional logic. Thus this paper can be viewed as an extension of Dyckhoff’s work to intuitionistic modal logic.