bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin
Authors: Lekkala Sashank , Sacher Sara E , Taylor Erik A , Williams Rebecca M , Moseley Kendall F , Donnelly Eve 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of bone fracture compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In contrast, individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a lower or similar risk of fracture. Our objective was to understand how progressive glycemic derangement affects advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) content, composition, and mechanical properties of iliac bone from postmenopausal women with NGT (n = 35, age = 65 ± 7 years, HbA1c = 5.8% ± 0.3%), IGT (n = 26, age = 64 ± 5 years, HbA1c = 6.0% ± 0.4%), and T2DM on insulin (n = 25, age = 64 ± 6 years, HbA1c = 9.1% ± 2.2%). AGEs were assessed in all samples using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure pentosidine and in NGT/T2DM samples using multiphoton microscopy to spatially resolve the density of fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs). A subset of samples (n = 14 NGT, n = 14 T2DM) was analyzed with nanoindentation and Raman microscopy. Bone tissue from the T2DM group had greater concentrations of (i) pentosidine versus IGT (cortical +24%, p = 0.087; trabecular +35%, p = 0.007) and versus NGT (cortical +40%, p = 0.003; trabecular +35%, p = 0.004) and (ii) fAGE cross-link density versus NGT (cortical +71%, p &lt; 0.001; trabecular +44%, p &lt; 0.001). Bone pentosidine content in the IGT group was lower than in the T2DM group and did not differ from the NGT group, indicating that the greater AGE content observed in T2DM occurs with progressive diabetes. Individuals with T2DM on metformin had lower cortical bone pentosidine compared with individuals not on metformin (−35%, p = 0.017). Cortical bone from the T2DM group was stiffer (+9%, p = 0.021) and harder (+8%, p = 0.039) versus the NGT group. Bone tissue AGEs, which embrittle bone, increased with worsening glycemic control assessed by HbA1c (Pen: R2 = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001; fAGE density: R2 = 0.30, p &lt; 0.001). These relationships suggest a potential mechanism by which bone fragility may increase despite greater tissue stiffness and hardness in individuals with T2DM; our results suggest that it occurs in the transition from IGT to overt T2DM. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources
Authors: Burch Tucker R. , Stokdyk Joel P. , Firnstahl Aaron D. , Kieke Burney A. , Cook Rachel M. , Opelt Sarah A. , Spencer Susan K. , Durso Lisa M. , Borchardt Mark A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem that requires an integrated approach among human, agricultural, and environmental sectors. However, few studies address all three components simultaneously. We investigated the occurrence of five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron gene (intI1) in private wells drawing water from a vulnerable aquifer influenced by residential septic systems and land‐applied dairy manure. Samples (n = 138) were collected across four seasons from a randomized sample of private wells in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Measurements of ARGs and intI1 were related to microbial source tracking (MST) markers specific to human and bovine feces; they were also related to 54 risk factors for contamination representing land use, rainfall, hydrogeology, and well construction. ARGs and intI1 occurred in 5%–40% of samples depending on target. Detection frequencies for ARGs and intI1 were lowest in the absence of human and bovine MST markers (1%–30%), highest when co‐occurring with human and bovine markers together (11%–78%), and intermediate when co‐occurring with just one type of MST marker (4%–46%). Gene targets were associated with septic system density more often than agricultural land, potentially because of the variable presence of manure on the landscape. Determining ARG prevalence in a rural setting with mixed land use allowed an assessment of the relative contribution of human and bovine fecal sources. Because fecal sources co‐occurred with ARGs at similar rates, interventions intended to reduce ARG occurrence may be most effective if both sources are considered.
Transcriptomic reveals the ferroptosis features of host response in a mouse model of Zika virus infection
Authors: Yan Qian , Zheng Wenjiang , Jiang Yong , Zhou Peiwen , Lai Yanni , Liu Chengxin , Wu Peng , Zhuang Hongfa , Huang Huiting , Li Geng , Zhan Shaofeng , Lao Zizhao , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic flavivirus. The outbreak of ZIKV in 2016 created a global health emergency. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the host response features of in vivo replication in a mouse model of ZIKV infection, by performing a series of transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses of ZIKV and mock‐infected brain tissue. Tissue damage, inflammatory cells infiltration and high viral replication were observed in the brain tissue of ZIKV infected mice. RNA‐Seq of the brain indicated the activation of ferroptosis pathways. Enrichment analysis of ferroptosis regulators revealed their involvement in pathways such as mineral absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, peroxidase, and adipokinesine signalling pathway. We then identified 12 interacted hub ferroptosis regulators (CYBB, HMOX1, CP, SAT1, TF, SLC39A14, FTL, LPCAT3, FTH1, SLC3A2, TP53, and SLC40A1) that were related to the differential expression of CD8+ T cells, microglia and monocytes. CYBB, HMOX1, SALT, and SLAC40A1 were selected as potential biomarkers of ZIKV infection. Finally, we validated our results using RT‐qPCR and outside available datasets. For the first time, we proposed a possible mechanism of ferroptosis in brain tissue infected by ZIKV in mice and identified the four key ferroptosis regulators.
Extent, patterns, and drivers of hypoxia in the world's streams and rivers
Authors: Blaszczak Joanna R. , Koenig Lauren E. , Mejia Francine H. , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Dutton Christopher L. , Carter Alice M. , Grimm Nancy B. , Harvey Judson W. , Helton Ashley M. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHypoxia in coastal waters and lakes is widely recognized as a detrimental environmental issue, yet we lack a comparable understanding of hypoxia in rivers. We investigated controls on hypoxia using 118 million paired observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and water temperature in over 125,000 locations in rivers from 93 countries. We found hypoxia (DO < 2 mg L−1) in 12.6% of all river sites across 53 countries, but no consistent trend in prevalence since 1950. High‐frequency data reveal a 3‐h median duration of hypoxic events which are most likely to initiate at night. River attributes were better predictors of riverine hypoxia occurrence than watershed land cover, topography, and climate characteristics. Hypoxia was more likely to occur in warmer, smaller, and lower‐gradient rivers, particularly those draining urban or wetland land cover. Our findings suggest that riverine hypoxia and the resulting impacts on ecosystems may be more pervasive than previously assumed.
Field exposure study under sheltered and open exposure conditions at different test sites in Germany: First‐year corrosion rate and atmospheric corrosivity
Authors: Babutzka Martin , Lehmann Jens , Burkert Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe corrosivity of atmospheres in Europe has changed significantly in recent decades. For the Federal Republic of Germany, no current values for the corrosion rate based on 1‐year atmospheric exposure of standard specimens can be found in the scientific literature after 2000. This paper presents results from a field exposure study in the Berlin metropolitan area and Helgoland in 2016. Based on standard specimens, values for the corrosion rate and the corresponding atmospheric corrosivity category are determined for open exposure and indirect weathering in a ventilated enclosure as sheltering after 1 year of exposure. The results prove that determined corrosivity categories are material‐specific. Sheltered exposure is a typical atmospheric situation for many building components. It allows statements on the effect of the concentration of airborne substances on the corrosivity beyond the normative requirements.
It Is as It Was: MDS‐UPDRS Part III Scores Cannot Be Combined with Other Parts to Give a Valid Sum
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Choi Dongrak , Guo Yuanyuan , Stebbins Glenn T. , Mestre Tiago A. , Luo Sheng 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundOriginal clinimetric analyses by the Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) developers did not confirm the validity of summing the scores of its parts. Recent studies used the summed score of Part III and other parts as efficacy outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish whether summing scores of MDS‐UPDRS parts can be recommended.MethodsUsing 7466 full MDS‐UPDRS scores, we applied two‐step factor analysis as in the original article to reassess the validity analysis with the threshold criterion set at comparative fit index ≥0.9.ResultsAll comparative fit indexes of any combination including Part III were lower than 0.90.ConclusionsSumming Part III MDS‐UPDRS scores with other parts is not clinimetrically sound. The MDS‐UPDRS is a validated four‐part scale with corresponding individual part scores and needs to be used within the limits originally presented. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Characterization of a novel non‐canonical splice site variant (c.886‐5T>A) in NBAS and description of the associated phenotype
Authors: Priglinger Claudia S. , Rudolph Günter , Schmid Irene , Mazzola Pascale , Haack Tobias B. , Reith Milda , Stingl Katarina , Weisschuh Nicole 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic pathogenic variants in the neuroblastoma‐amplified sequence (NBAS) gene manifest in a broad spectrum of disorders, including, but not limited to recurrent acute liver failure, skeletal dysmorphism, susceptibility to infections, and SOPH syndrome with its cardinal symptoms of short stature, optic atrophy, and Pelger–Huët anomaly. We aimed to present clinical and genetic characteristics of two sisters (20 and 15 years old) who were diagnosed with optic atrophy and cone dystrophy in childhood. Genome sequencing revealed two novel variants in NBAS in compound heterozygous state in both sisters, namely a 1‐bp deletion predicted to result in a premature termination codon (c.5104del; p.(Met1702*)), and a non‐canonical splice site variant of unclear significance (c.886‐5T>A; p.?).ResultsClinical examination and history revealed cone dystrophy, optic atrophy, and Pelger–Huët anomaly, but no short stature, recurrent acute liver failure, or susceptibility to infections. RNA analysis revealed that the c.886‐5T>A variant results in two aberrant transcripts that are predicted to lead to in frame amino acid changes in the β‐propeller region of the protein.ConclusionWe hypothesize that the phenotype of our subjects, which appears to be at the end of the spectrum of NBAS‐related disorders, could be explained by residual protein function mediated by the non‐canonical splice site variant c.886‐5T>A. Our study contributes to the existing knowledge on the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of NBAS‐related disorders.
Investigating the effect of oblique image acquisition on the accuracy of QSM and a robust tilt correction method
Authors: Kiersnowski Oliver C. , Karsa Anita , Wastling Stephen J. , Thornton John S. , Shmueli Karin 
Published: December 2022

PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is used increasingly for clinical research where oblique image acquisition is commonplace, but its effects on QSM accuracy are not well understood.Theory and MethodsThe QSM processing pipeline involves defining the unit magnetic dipole kernel, which requires knowledge of the direction of the main magnetic field with respect to the acquired image volume axes. The direction of is dependent on the axis and angle of rotation in oblique acquisition. Using both a numerical brain phantom and in vivo acquisitions in 5 healthy volunteers, we analyzed the effects of oblique acquisition on magnetic susceptibility maps. We compared three tilt‐correction schemes at each step in the QSM pipeline: phase unwrapping, background field removal and susceptibility calculation, using the RMS error and QSM‐tuned structural similarity index.ResultsRotation of wrapped phase images gave severe artifacts. Background field removal with projection onto dipole fields gave the most accurate susceptibilities when the field map was first rotated into alignment with . Laplacian boundary value and variable‐kernel sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data background field removal methods gave accurate results without tilt correction. For susceptibility calculation, thresholded k‐space division, iterative Tikhonov regularization, and weighted linear total variation regularization, all performed most accurately when local field maps were rotated into alignment with before susceptibility calculation.ConclusionFor accurate QSM, oblique acquisition must be taken into account. Rotation of images into alignment with should be carried out after phase unwrapping and before background‐field removal. We provide open‐source tilt‐correction code to incorporate easily into existing pipelines:
https://github.com/o‐snow/QSM_TiltCorrection.git.
Improving accelerated MRI by deep learning with sparsified complex data
Authors: Jin Zhaoyang , Xiang Qing‐San 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo obtain high‐quality accelerated MR images with complex‐valued reconstruction from undersampled k‐space data.MethodsThe MRI scans from human subjects were retrospectively undersampled with a regular pattern using skipped phase encoding, leading to ghosts in zero‐filling reconstruction. A complex difference transform along the phase‐encoding direction was applied in image domain to yield sparsified complex‐valued edge maps. These sparse edge maps were used to train a complex‐valued U‐type convolutional neural network (SCU‐Net) for deghosting. A k‐space inverse filtering was performed on the predicted deghosted complex edge maps from SCU‐Net to obtain final complex images. The SCU‐Net was compared with other algorithms including zero‐filling, GRAPPA, RAKI, finite difference complex U‐type convolutional neural network (FDCU‐Net), and CU‐Net, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using such metrics as structural similarity index, peak SNR, and normalized mean square error.ResultsThe SCU‐Net was found to be effective in deghosting aliased edge maps even at high acceleration factors. High‐quality complex images were obtained by performing an inverse filtering on deghosted edge maps. The SCU‐Net compared favorably with other algorithms.ConclusionUsing sparsified complex data, SCU‐Net offers higher reconstruction quality for regularly undersampled k‐space data. The proposed method is especially useful for phase‐sensitive MRI applications.
Mothers' perspectives of physical and psychological issues associated with caring for Ghanaian children living with tuberculosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Tornu Eric , Dzansi Gladys , Wilson Donna M. , Richter Solina , Aziato Lydia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore and describe the mothers' perspectives on issues associated with caring for Ghanaian children aged 0–14 years living with tuberculosis.DesignExploratory descriptive qualitative design.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted face to face with 15 purposively sampled mothers from two health facilities in the Greater Accra area. Transcribed data were analysed using computer‐enhanced thematic analysis.ResultsFindings were grouped into (1) physical burden on the mothers and (2) psychological burden on mothers. The eight subthemes indicate that mothers of children living with tuberculosis experienced tiredness, sleeplessness, body pains, weight loss and sicknesses as they cared for their children. In addition to worrying, mothers experienced stigma and negative emotions such as sadness, guilt, fear and loneliness.ConclusionMothers of children diagnosed with tuberculosis in Ghana experience physical and psychological health problems related to their caregiving roles. Nurses and other healthcare providers should identify specific problems and offer broad‐based emotional and other support for these women.
Relationship between emotional elder abuse and developmental function of the family
Authors: Amirmohammadi Monireh , Nikpeyma Nasrin , Negarandeh Reza , Haghani Shima , Amrollah Majdabadi Zahra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the relationship between emotional elder abuse and the developmental function of the family.DesignCommunity‐based correlational cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsData were collected on 265 older adults from July to October 2019 in Tehran‐Iran. The samples were selected by simple random sampling and they completed self‐report tools: demographic information, emotional elder abuse developmental function in the family. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software v.16.ResultsMean score of the developmental function in the family was 67.38 (SD = 3.22, range = 0–129). There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of developmental function in the families and emotional elder abuse. Moreover, there was a relationship between the subscale of care and regulation, being attracted to human relationships, purposeful exchange, and creating representatives and ideas with emotional elder abuse.
Individualized care for older adults with diabetes and its relationship with communication, psychosocial self‐efficacy, resources and support for self‐management and socio‐demographics
Authors: Bartkeviciute Birute , Riklikiene Olga , Kregzdyte Rima , Lesauskaite Vita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between patient–provider communication, psychosocial patient self‐efficacy, resources and support for self‐management and socio‐demographics within individualized care of older adults with diabetes.DesignA quantitative study with a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsData were collected from September 2019 to January 2021 using: Individualized Care Scale, The Communication Assessment Tool, The Diabetes Empowerment Scale and The Resources and Support for Self‐Management Scale. Patients with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus that were 65 years old and over (N = 145) participated in the study.ResultsThe most positive aspects of patient–provider communication were respect and creating a comfortable environment for the patient. A significant relationship was observed between patients' perceptions and support of individualized care and diabetes‐related measures. Effective communication was the main factor associated with support for individualizing care, and together with education level, empowerment and access to resources, explained 23% of the variance.
Mixed convection of ferrofluids in a square enclosure with obstacles: Effect of iso‐perimetric shapes
Authors: Hussain Shafqat , Mahmood Rashid , Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMixed convection of ferrofluid in square configurations having various iso‐perimetric shaped obstacles has been investigated for fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The iso‐perimetric shapes are allowed to vary in size and tested at three different vertical positions subject to adiabatic and isothermal conditions. Simulations have been carried out for various choices of controlling parameters using the higher order mixed finite element method. In particular, the higher order and stable finite element pair of cubic and quadratic () approximations on the hybrid grid is utilized to achieve the discretization of the governing non‐dimensional equations of mass, momentum and energy. The adaptive Newtons method is chosen to solve the discrete system of nonlinear equations. The present solver has been tested against a well‐known open source finite element analysis tool (FEAT2) and published results in the literature. The impact of governing parameters is investigated in the ranges as nanoparticles volume fraction ), the Richardson number , the perimeter of the obstacle , and positions of the obstacles . It is concluded that an increase in the perimeter of the inner obstacles causes a weakness in the fluid flow while a good thermal enclosure is obtained. Moreover, the isothermal obstacles enhance the average Nusselt number more than the adiabatic obstacles in all cases.
Highly sensitive acetone sensor based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Hulimane Shivaswamy Rashmi , Kanive bagilu Ananthapadmanabha Vishnumurthy , Kusanur Raviraj 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA copolymer of pyrrole and o‐aminophenol was synthesized by single step oxidative polymerization technique. Two different nanocomposites of copolymer with α‐Fe2O3 and Co‐α‐Fe2O3 were prepared and acetone sensing property of both composites were studied at room temperature with different gas concentrations. The calculated sensitivity of the Co‐α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was 0.68 and α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was 0.44. The sensitivity of prepared composites was higher than the pure polymer. The LOD of the α‐Fe2O3 composite was found to be 0.13 ppm and Co‐α‐Fe2O3 composite was 0.37 ppm. Both the prepared composites have showed excellent selectivity with good repeatability for the acetone gas. The 20% Co‐Fe2O3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited faster response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.4 s towards the target gas and 15% α‐Fe2O3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited the response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.8 s for the acetone gas. The polymer and the nanocomposites have shown excellent repeatability for 7 cycles. The faster response of the sensor can be attributed to the increased number of oxygen vacancies on the sensor as well as the free OH groups present in the polymer back bone.
Machine learning‐based model for predicting the material properties of nanostructured aerogels
Authors: Tafreshi Omid Aghababaei , Saadatnia Zia , Ghaffari‐Mosanenzadeh Shahriar , Okhovatian Sogand , Park Chul B. , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractData‐driven modeling in material science rose to prominence in the last decade, and various supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques have been employed for material development and deriving insights for decision‐making purposes. In this context, machine learning can have prominent importance in the field of nanostructured aerogels for accelerated materials design and material properties prediction. Current attempts rely only on experimental approach, which have inherent shortcomings, including inefficiency due to the prolonged synthesis process, and necessity of analyzing microstructure and properties. In order to address the challenges associated with the traditional experimental approach, in this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to predict the material properties of nanostructured aerogels. Polyimide (PI) organic aerogels are selected for this purpose. Through understanding the contributing material and processing factors in PI aerogel synthesis, a dataset is prepared. Data preprocessing is performed, and through hyperparameter tuning, ANN is constructed and trained for a given dataset. Various material properties are predicted, including compressive modulus, density, and porosity. Results show that ANN is trained with high accuracy, which demonstrates the versatility and accuracy of model in materials properties prediction. This study can therefore pave the way for establishing a platform for data‐driven materials innovation.