bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Output Combustion of Ethyl Alcohol and Air
Authors: Shapiro A. H. , Rush D. , Reed W. A. , Jordan D. G. , Farnell G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Test results, obtained under sponsorship of the Bureau of Ordnance, are reported for the combustion at 475 psia of air with a mixture of 92.5 per cent ethyl alcohol and 7.5 per cent water by mass. The exit-gas temperature was varied between 1350 F and 2050 F and was controlled through the introduction of excess fuel. A combustor design which gave combustion intensities up to 11 × 106 Btu/hr ft3 atm was employed. The experimental relations between gas temperature, fuel-air ratio, isentropic enthalpy drop obtainable from the combustion gas, gas composition, and thermodynamic properties of the combustion gas are given in detail. Theoretical results based upon the assumption of chemical equilibrium at the temperature of adiabatic combustion are in moderately good agreement with the measured results. It is inferred from the data that a condition approximating “frozen” equilibrium sets in at about 2500 F. Two methods of evaluating isentropic enthalpy drop were used and compared, one based principally upon the measurement of thrust, and the other based principally upon gas analyses. Small variations in combustor size and design were investigated. A discussion of the principles underlying the thrust method is given in an Appendix.
Quick Starting of High-Pressure Steam-Turbine Units
Authors: Falkner J. C. , Williams R. S. , Hare R. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a new method of “quick starting” high-pressure steam-turbine units at locations where, because of their light night loads, in comparison with heavy day loads, some of the high-pressure units must be shut down and started up each night. The method described reduces the thermal start-up stresses in the turbines and boilers, reduces the “rolling-on” fuel losses, reduces the crew personnel required, and increases the available reserve factor, as compared to the conventional start-up methods.
Proposed Recommended Practices for the Preparation of New Turbine Lubricating Systems
Authors:   Technical Committee C, Section 1, A.S.T.M. Committee D-2
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Numerous discussions between the representatives of turbine builders, operators, oil suppliers, turbine-equipment suppliers, and consulting turbine engineers in attendance at meetings of Technical Committee C, Section 1, of the American Society for Testing Materials, have indicated the desirability of pooling the available experience with respect to the preparation of new turbine lubricating systems in order that the most desirable practices might be standardized. The pooled information contained herein should be considered a “guide to desirable practices.”
Results of Accelerated Tests and Long-Term Exposures on Glue Joints in Laminated Beams
Authors: Truax T. R. , Selbo M. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A rapid method developed at the U. S. Forest Products Laboratory for determining the durability of glue joints in laminated beams intended for exterior service is described. The test is based upon the principle that severe shrinking and swelling of laminated members produce stresses, which cause checking of wood, failure of glue joints, or both. Vacuum and pressure are employed in bringing about the desired conditions of shrinking and swelling. Results of the test are correlated with more extended laboratory exposures and with long-term soaking and weathering.
Hydraulic Problems in Connection With the Design of the Granby Pumping Plant
Authors: Moses E. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many unusual problems arose in the design of the Granby pumping plant which delivers water across the Continental Divide in Colorado. Owing to the 94-ft variation in suction head, the pumps are located far below ground level. A design for a subterranean plant with a cross section based upon the hydrostatic arch is analyzed. Because of limitation to voltage fluctuation when starting up, imposed by a comparatively small power supply, several methods of bringing the unit up to synchronous speed were studied. The final design comprises a discharge valve which is closed when starting, equipment for depressing the water below the runner when starting at reduced voltage or when using the unit as a synchronous condenser, a surge tank and a siphon at the upstream end of the discharge conduit. An air vent at top of the siphon is provided to stop reverse flow, and an automatic vacuum pump removes accumulation of air in the siphon.
I—Introductory Comments to a Series of Contributions on Gas Properties
Authors: Keyes F. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The symposium of which this comment serves as an introduction is the result of a meeting in April, 1947, of the ASME Special Research Committee on Properties of Gases, at which it was decided to review the present available knowledge of the properties of twelve gases and to plan a program of investigations to amplify this knowledge to meet present-day application requirements. The twelve pure substances are helium, argon, mercury, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, and ethylene, to which the natural mixture air has been added because of its general importance.
Facilities for, and Work Under Way in Gas-Properties Research
Authors: Kleinschmidt R. V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Subcommittee on Research Planning of the Research Committee on Properties of Gases has made a survey of laboratories believed to be interested in research on gas properties, to determine (1) work completed, (2) work in progress, (3) facilities and experienced personnel available but not now utilized, and (4) other laboratories that might be interested in developing such equipment and personnel.
Some 1000 F Steam-Pipe Materials
Authors: Robinson Ernest L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents long-time creep and rupture test results on molybdenum-vanadium pipe material in comparison with low-chromium-molybdenum compositions. The molybdenum-vanadium composition shows superior long-time strength at high temperature. Furthermore, long-time soaking of molybdenum-vanadium piping material at high temperature has so far failed to show graphite formation.
The Structural Stability of Several Cast Low-Alloy Steels at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Malcolm V. T. , Low S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of temperature on several cast low-alloy steels has been investigated in the laboratories of The Chapman Valve Manufacturing Company. ASTM A217-46T Grade WC1, and modifications of this composition, were surveyed thoroughly. The following variables were investigated with respect to structural stability: (1) The effect of aluminum on a cast carbon-molybdenum steel; (2) the effect of furnace practice on a cast carbon-molybdenum vanadium steel; (3) the effect of chromium on a cast carbon-molybdenum steel; (4) the effect of vanadium on a cast carbon-molybdenum steel; (5) the effect of various combinations of chromium, vanadium, and titanium on a cast carbon-molybdenum steel; and (6) the effect of chromium, nickel, and high molybdenum on a cast carbon-molybdenum steel.
The physical properties of the alloys investigated are given in detail. Data are presented on the results of McQuaid-Ehn, tensile, Jominy hardenability, creep, and weldability tests. Photomicrographs are used to illustrate structural stability after various aging cycles. New work is presented to illustrate the effect of aging at elevated temperature on static bend bars and V-notch Charpy bars.
Problems Associated With Use of Diesel Fuels
Authors: Doyle W. L. H. , Landen E. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents results of recent investigations dealing with the nature of exhaust products resulting from combustion of Diesel fuels, particularly those products composing smoke. Development of some new inspections for improved control over certain properties of Diesel fuels is suggested. New standardized tests should be developed, one whereby the relative stability of a Diesel fuel can be determined, and another whereby the “Diesel-fuel combustibility” quality can be evaluated. New additive-type lubricating oils must be made available for use in the medium- and higher-speed Diesels to combat the deleterious effects of sulphur contents in the fuels for these engines.
Fluid Devolatilization of Coal for Power-Plant Practice
Authors: Singh Alamjit D. , Kane Leslie J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A brief review on the desirability of burning char in central power stations and the technical as well as economic factors which prevented the development of a satisfactory process in previous years for the production of char, are given. Application of the fluidization process to devolatilization of coking bituminous coal is described, and specific results are presented on Kincaid coal from seam No. 6, Christian County, central Illinois. Composition, yield, and physical characteristics of the important products obtained in fluid devolatilization of Kincaid coal are given to facilitate technical and, to a certain degree, economic evaluation of the process. Reference is made to other recent developments which are expected to play an important role in the successful application of this process in steam and power-generating stations.
Ball-Bearing Slides
Authors: Jobst Conrad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From personal experience the author gives examples of progress made in reducing friction in sliding movements to a minimum, with the addition of preloading of the slide mechanism, so that higher operating speeds, greater precision of product, and longer life at lower cost are possible. Such preloading produces high stability in a slide because operating loads merely modify the total load, either increasing or decreasing it, in contrast with conventional slides in which the live load changes from no load to full load, and usually with no reversal of load permissible. Actually, from the standpoint of mechanics, preloaded slides constitute the introduction of couples into the system which are available to resist other couples such as those due to eccentric loads.
Intrinsic Heat Transfer Enhancement Mechanisms in Boiling With Nanoscale Surface Features
Authors: Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Boiling heat transfer results from a number of multiscale phenomena that are activated by the inception of a nucleating bubble that induces motion of the liquid and vapor phases. Heat is transferred by conduction and convection to the liquid from the heated surface, and subsequently by evaporation at different liquid–vapor interfaces. Nanoscale features on the surface lead to boiling heat transfer enhancement by influencing the surface morphology, nucleation characteristics, localized heat transfer processes, motion of the three-phase contact line, growth and departure of the bubble, and liquid flow over the heated surface. This paper discusses the intrinsic mechanisms associated with nanoscale features that are responsible for enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in pool boiling. High wettability surfaces provide CHF enhancement through improved bubble dynamics. Improved contact line motion and liquid circulation around a bubble are responsible for enhanced bubble growth rate. High wickability of nanostructures or nanoparticles on the heated surface is able to supply liquid to the evaporating thin film underneath a bubble. Other techniques lead to enhancing heat transfer to liquid through roughness and lateral conduction in high thermal conductivity particles such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. Enhancement in contact line region heat transfer has been effectively utilized at both nano-and microscales. However, for refrigerants, the enhancement with nanoscale features is only modest at best in improving the heat transfer. These mechanisms are discussed in detail and areas for future research are identified.
Two-Dimensional Planar Modeling of the Depth Control of a Subsea Shuttle Tanker
Authors: Ma Yucong , Xing Yihan , Sui Dan , Ong Muk Chen , Hemmingsen Tor Henning 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A novel subsea shuttle tanker (SST) concept was proposed as a cost-effective alternative to subsea pipelines and tanker ships for liquid CO2 transportation between a source facility and a subsea well. The SST will be deployed to transport CO2 to marginal subsea fields with an annual CO2 storage capacity of around 1 million tonnes. A baseline design was recently developed by the authors to support research work aimed at assessing large and ultra-efficient subsea cargo drone technology. One crucial aspect is the development of SST's operation envelope, i.e., the safe depth versus speed regions. The development of this envelope entails comprehensive and detailed studies of SST's dynamic load-effects under all expected operating scenarios which in the early concept development phase can be performed using suitable computational models. In this technical brief, the initial development of such a model is unveiled. This fully coupled 2D planar model considers the most relevant load-effects which are from hydrodynamics, hydrostatics, and control surface induced loads. The most important features of the model such as the derivation of hydrodynamic derivatives and model verification are also discussed. As an example, this model is then used to study the depth control problem which is a key aspect in the determination of the safety operational envelope. The results show that unsuitable control schemes that do not look ahead in the trajectory lead to undesirable results. In contrast, a feed-forward heading control method achieves a good and fast control response.
Emplacement dynamics of a crystal-rich, highly viscous trachytic flow of the Sancy stratovolcano, France
Authors: Prival Jean-Marie , Harris Andrew J.L. , Zanella Elena , Robustelli Test Claudio , Gurioli Lucia , Chevrel Oryaëlle , Biren Jonas 
Published: December 2022

Emplacement dynamics of highly viscous, silicic lava flows remain poorly constrained due to a lack of consideration of crystal-rich cases. Emplacement models mostly apply to glassy or microlitic, vesiculated rhyolitic flows. However, crystalline, vesicle-free silicic lava can flow differently. We studied the Grande Cascade unit, which is a vesicle-free, phenocryst-rich, trachytic flow in the Monts Dore massif, France. Field work was carried out to define internal structures, and oriented samples were collected for chemical, petrological, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analyses, allowing us to estimate emplacement temperature and viscosity.
These data allow us to define a new silicic lava flow subtype that is low in temperature (800−900 °C), high in silica content (up to 66.8 wt%), high in viscosity (109−1011 Pa s), rich in phenocrysts (∼35%), and lacks vesicles. Brittle deformation of the lava occurs upon extrusion, generating a cataclasite basal layer and thin (3-m-thick) shear zone that accommodates all of the stress, allowing most of the flow’s volume to slide over its base as a 40-m-thick plug in which there is no deformation. Blocks are rare, of a single size (10 ± 1 cm), and result from localized break-up of the basal shear zone.
Emplacement dynamics are different from those of glassy, pumiceous lava flows. They are closer to glacier dynamics, where most of the volume slides over a thin basal shear zone and till is generated there by abrasion and milling of the underlying layer. For the Grande Cascade lava flow, abrasion means that the flow lacks its classical blocky crust and instead the flow base is marked by a layer rich in fine-grained material. The structures and emplacement dynamics of this crystal-rich flow are consistent with ideal, gravity-driven shear flow. We thus argue for a global reassessment of silicic-rich lava emplacement based on crystal content and using a multidisciplinary approach focused on well-exposed examples in the rock record.
Monitoring the Radiation State of the Near-Earth Space on the Arktika-M No. 1 Satellite
Authors: Osedlo V. I. , Kalegaev V. V. , Rubinshtein I. A. , Tulupov V. I. , Shemukhin A. A. , Pavlov N. N. , Abanin O. I. , Zolotarev I. A. , Barinova V. O. , Bogomolov V. V. , Vlasova N. A. , Myagkova I. N. , Ginzburg E. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract—
The first results of monitoring the radiation state of the near-Earth space on the Arktika-M no. 1 spacecraft in a high-apogee Molniya orbit are considered. The characteristics of the devices of the heliogeophysical instrumentation complex GGAK-HE are presented. The results of the comparative analysis of experimental and model distributions of energetic particle fluxes of the Earth’s radiation belts in the orbit of the Arktika-M no. 1, as well as of some features of the dynamics of the outer electron radiation belt in 2021 and 2022 and the solar proton event of October 28, 2021, based on the experimental data from Arktika-M no. 1, Meteor-M no. 2, and Elektro-L no. 2 spacecraft are presented.
Detecting intimate partner violence circumstance for suicide: development and validation of a tool using natural language processing and supervised machine learning in the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Kafka Julie M , Fliss Mike D , Trangenstein Pamela J , McNaughton Reyes Luz , Pence Brian W , Moracco Kathryn E 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) victims and perpetrators often report suicidal ideation, yet there is no comprehensive national dataset that allows for an assessment of the connection between IPV and suicide. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) captures IPV circumstances for homicide-suicides (<2% of suicides), but not single suicides (suicide unconnected to other violent deaths; >98% of suicides).ObjectiveTo facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the co-occurrence of IPV and suicide, we developed and validated a tool that detects mentions of IPV circumstances (yes/no) for single suicides in NVDRS death narratives.MethodsWe used 10 000 hand-labelled single suicide cases from NVDRS (2010–2018) to train (n=8500) and validate (n=1500) a classification model using supervised machine learning. We used natural language processing to extract relevant information from the death narratives within a concept normalisation framework. We tested numerous models and present performance metrics for the best approach.ResultsOur final model had robust sensitivity (0.70), specificity (0.98), precision (0.72) and kappa values (0.69). False positives mostly described other family violence. False negatives used vague and heterogeneous language to describe IPV, and often included abusive suicide threats.ImplicationsIt is possible to detect IPV circumstances among singles suicides in NVDRS, although vague language in death narratives limited our tool’s sensitivity. More attention to the role of IPV in suicide is merited both during the initial death investigation processes and subsequent NVDRS reporting. This tool can support future research to inform targeted prevention.
Cost-effectiveness of England’s national ‘Safe At Home’ scheme for reducing hospital admissions for unintentional injury in children aged under 5
Authors: Jones Matthew , Hill Trevor , Coupland Carol , Kendrick Denise , Akbari Ashley , Rodgers Sarah , Watson Michael Craig , Tyrrell Edward , Merrill Sheila , Martin Ashley , Orton Elizabeth 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundInjuries in children aged under 5 years most commonly occur in the home and disproportionately affect those living in the most disadvantaged communities. The ‘Safe at Home’ (SAH) national home safety equipment scheme, which ran in England between 2009 and 2011, has been shown to reduce injury-related hospital admissions, but there is little evidence of cost-effectiveness.Materials and methodsCost-effectiveness analysis from a health and local government perspective. Measures were the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per hospital admission averted (ICER) and cost-offset ratio (COR), comparing SAH expenditure to savings in admission expenditure. The study period was split into three periods: T1 (years 0–2, implementation); T2 (years 3–4) and T3 (years 5–6). Analyses were conducted for T2 versus T1 and T3 versus T1.ResultsTotal cost of SAH was £9 518 066. 202 223 hospital admissions in the children occurred during T1-3, costing £3 320 000. Comparing T3 to T1 SAH reduced admission expenditure by £924 per month per local authority and monthly admission rates by 0.5 per local authority per month compared with control areas. ICER per admission averted was £4209 for T3 versus T1, with a COR of £0.29, suggesting that 29p was returned in savings on admission expenditure for every pound spent on SAH.ConclusionSAH was effective at reducing hospital admissions due to injury and did result in some cost recovery when taking into admissions only. Further analysis of its cost-effectiveness, including emergency healthcare, primary care attendances and wider societal costs, is likely to improve the return on investment further.
Strangeness thermodynamic instabilities in hot and dense nuclear matter
Authors: Lavagno A. , Pigato D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe explore the presence of thermodynamic instabilities and, consequently, the realization of a pure hadronic phase transition in the hot and finite baryon density nuclear matter. The analysis is performed by means of an effective relativistic mean-field model with the inclusion of hyperons, $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-isobars, and the lightest pseudoscalar and vector meson degrees of freedom. The Gibbs conditions on the global conservation of baryon number and zero net strangeness in symmetric nuclear matter are required. Similarly to the liquid–gas phase transition, we show that a phase transition, characterized by mechanical instabilities (due to fluctuations on the baryon number) and chemical-diffusive instabilities (due to fluctuations on the strangeness number), can take place for a finite range of $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-meson coupling constants, compatible with different experimental constraints. The hadronic phase transition, which presents similar features to the quark-hadron phase transition, is characterized by different strangeness content during the mixed phase and, consequently, by a sensible variation of the strange anti-particle to particle ratios.
Quark stars with 2.6 $$M_\odot $$ in a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling theory of gravity
Authors: Carvalho G. A. , Lobato R. V. , Deb D. , Moraes P. H. R. S. , Malheiro M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work analyses the hydrostatic equilibrium configurations of strange stars in a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling (GMC) theory of gravity. Those stars are made of strange quark matter, whose distribution is governed by the MIT equation of state. The non-minimal GMC theory is described by the following gravitational action: $$f(R,L)=R/2+L+\sigma RL$$

f
(
R
,
L
)
=
R
/
2
+
L
+
σ
R
L

, where R represents the curvature scalar, L is the matter Lagrangian density, and $$\sigma $$
σ
is the coupling parameter. When considering this theory, the strange stars become larger and more massive. In particular, when $$\sigma =50$$

σ
=
50

km$$^2$$

2

, the theory can achieve the 2.6 $$M_\odot $$

M
⊙

, which is suitable for describing the pulsars PSR J2215+5135 and PSR J1614-2230, and the mass of the secondary object in the GW190814 event. The 2.6 $$M_\odot $$

M
⊙

is a value hardly achievable in General Relativity, even considering fast rotation effects, and is also compatible with the mass of PSR J0952-0607 ($$M = 2.35 \pm 0.17 ~M_\odot $$

M
=
2.35
±
0.17

M
⊙

), the heaviest and fastest pulsar in the disk of the Milky Way, recently measured, supporting the possible existence of strange quark matter in its composition. The non-minimal GMC theory can also give feasible results to describe the macroscopical features of strange star candidates.