bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and regional differences in the incidence of hospital‐diagnosed endometriosis: a Danish population‐based study
Authors: Illum Louise Ruby Høj , Forman Axel , Melgaard Anna , Hansen Karina E. , Hansen Stefan N. , Nyegaard Mette , Hummelshoj Lone , Rytter Dorte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to diagnostic challenges, normalization of symptoms and an overall lack of awareness among both patients and physicians, endometriosis is an underdiagnosed disease. This can result in delayed treatment and potentially worsening of the disease. Despite initiatives, such as patients' support organizations and specialized endometriosis referral centers, differences in awareness, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle, combined with varying distances to specialized referral centers, could result in regional differences in the degree of underdiagnosing. This study aims to explore temporal and regional variations in the incidence of endometriosis based on the Danish hospital discharge register, and shed light on the degree of underdiagnosing of endometriosis in Denmark.Material and methodsThis registry‐based cohort study included all women aged 15–55 living in Denmark from 1990–2017. Participants were identified through the Danish Civil Registration system and endometriosis diagnoses received at a hospital were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry. Incidence rates of diagnosed endometriosis were calculated for each year of the study period and for each municipality in Denmark. A Cox regression analysis, stratified by calendar time and adjusted for ethnic origin, household composition, highest educational level and family socioeconomic status, was performed to estimate the association between residence and likelihood of receiving a hospital‐based diagnosis of endometriosis.ResultsThe nationwide incidence rate of hospital‐diagnosed endometriosis was 7.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.80–7.99) per 10 000 person‐years and the prevalence in 2017 was 1.63%. The results showed an overall increase in the incidence of diagnosed endometriosis of 46.8% (95% CI 32.9–62.2) during the study period and also displayed significant regional differences. After adjustments, women living in northern Jutland had the highest probability of receiving a hospital‐based diagnosis of endometriosis (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.18), whereas women living in northern Zealand had the lowest probability (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.60–0.67) compared with eastern Jutland. These regional differences have become more evident over time.ConclusionsOur results reveal significant regional differences in the incidence of hospital‐diagnosed endometriosis, suggesting that a significant number of women may be left behind without a diagnosis. Further studies are needed to assess the underlying reasons for the significant regional differences.
The influence of non‐conformal grid interfaces on the results of large eddy simulation of centrifugal blood pumps
Authors: Wu Peng , Huo Jia‐Dong , Zhang Zi‐Jian , Wang Chun‐Ju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputational fluid dynamics has been widely used to assist the design and evaluation of blood pumps. Discretization errors associated with computational grid may influence the credibility of numerical simulations. Non‐conformal grid interfaces commonly exist in rotary machines, including rotary blood pumps. Should grid size across the interface differ greatly, large errors may occur.MethodsThis study explored the effects of non‐conformal grid interface on the prediction of the flow field and hemolysis in blood pumps using large eddy simulation (LES). Two benchmarks, a nozzle model and a centrifugal blood pump were chosen as test cases.ResultsThis study found that non‐conformal grid interfaces with considerable change of grid sizes led to discontinuities of flow variables and brought errors to metrics such as pressure head (7%) and hemolysis (up to 14%).ConclusionsThe results on the full unstructured grid are more accurate with negligible changes of flow variables across the non‐conformal grid interface. A full unstructured grid should be employed for centrifugal blood pumps to minimize the influence of non‐conformal grid interfaces for LES simulations.
Artificial oxygen carriers in organ preservation: Dose dependency in a rat model of ex‐vivo normothermic kidney perfusion
Authors: Jägers Johannes , Kirsch Michael , Cantore Miriam , Karaman Ozan , Ferenz Katja Bettina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionOrgan preservation through ex‐vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP) with albumin‐derived perfluorocarbon‐based artificial oxygen carriers (A‐AOCs) consisting of albumin‐derived perfluorodecalin‐filled nanocapsules prior to transplantation would be a promising approach to avoid hypoxic tissue injury during organ storage.MethodsThe kidneys of 16 rats underwent EVNP for 2 h with plasma‐like solution (5% bovine serum albumin, Ringer‐Saline, inulin) with or without A‐AOCs in different volume fractions (0%, 2%, 4%, or 8%). Cell death was determined using TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in both perfusate and urine as well as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined. The hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF‐1α und ‐2α) were quantified in tissue homogenates.ResultsGFR was substantially decreased in the presence of 0%, 2%, and 8% A‐AOC but not of 4%. In accordance, hypoxia‐mediated cell death, as indicated by both AST activity and TUNEL‐positive cells, was significantly decreased in the 4% group compared to the control group. The stabilization of HIF‐1α and 2α decreased with 4% and 8% but not with 2% A‐AOCs.ConclusionThe dosage of 4% A‐AOCs in EVNP was most effective in maintaining the physiological renal function.
Does environmental underperformance duration affect firms' green innovation? Evidence from China
Authors: Xue Shan , Zhang Lin , Chen Honghui , Yin Juelin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoes the length of a firm's environmental underperformance shape its green innovation? Drawing on the behavioral theory of the firm, we argue that the duration of a firm's environmental underperformance plays an important role in shaping its green innovation activities. Using the data from Chinese publicly listed firms spanning from 2010 to 2018, we find that the duration of environmental underperformance has a U‐shaped effect on a firm's green innovation, possibly due to competing short‐ and long‐term solutions to regain legitimacy. We also find that this relationship is moderated by environmental underperformance intensity and analyst recommendation pressure. Our study contributes to the literature on green innovation and the behavioral theory of the firm. We discuss the implications for policymakers and managers.
Inhibition of the Sec61 translocon overcomes cytokine‐induced glucocorticoid resistance in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Meyer Lauren K. , Delgado‐Martin Cristina , Sharp Phillip P. , Huang Benjamin J. , McMinn Dustin , Vincent Tiffaney L. , Ryan Theresa , Horton Terzah M. , Wood Brent L. , Teachey David T. , Taunton Jack , Kirk Christopher J. , Hermiston Michelle L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlucocorticoid (GC) resistance is a poor prognostic factor in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL). Interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) mediates GC resistance via GC‐induced upregulation of IL‐7 receptor (IL‐7R) expression, leading to increased pro‐survival signalling. IL‐7R reaches the cell surface via the secretory pathway, so we hypothesized that inhibiting the translocation of IL‐7R into the secretory pathway would overcome GC resistance. Sec61 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) channel that is required for insertion of polypeptides into the ER. Here, we demonstrate that KZR‐445, a novel inhibitor of Sec61, potently attenuates the dexamethasone (DEX)‐induced increase in cell surface IL‐7R and overcomes IL‐7‐induced DEX resistance.
Parents’ daily involvement in children’s math homework and activities during early elementary school
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Barger Michael M. , Oh Dajung (Diana) , Pomerantz Eva M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research examined parents’ involvement in children’s math homework and activities. During 2017 to 2019, American parents (N = 483; 80% mothers; 67% white) of young elementary school children (Mage = 7.47 years; 50% girls) reported on their math helping self‐efficacy; they also reported on their involvement in children’s math homework and activities daily for 12 days. At this time and a year later, children’s math motivation and achievement were assessed. Parents’ involvement in homework (vs. activities) was more affectively negative (d = .34), particularly among parents low in self‐efficacy (d = .23). The more affectively negative parents’ involvement, particularly in homework, the poorer children’s later math motivation and achievement (βs = −.09 to .20).
Prioritizing conservation in sub‐Saharan African lakes based on freshwater biodiversity and algal bloom metrics
Authors: Danaher Cody , Newbold Tim , Cardille Jeffrey , Chapman Abbie S. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs agricultural land use and climate change continue to pose increasing threats to biodiversity in sub‐Saharan Africa, efforts are being made to identify areas where trade‐offs between future agricultural development and terrestrial biodiversity conservation are expected to be greatest. However, little research so far has focused on freshwater biodiversity conservation in the context of agricultural development in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify lakes and lake areas where freshwater biodiversity is most likely to be affected by eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (i.e., when algae multiply to the extent that they have toxic effects on people and freshwater fauna), some of the most important emerging threats to freshwater ecosystems worldwide, especially with the onset of climate change. Using novel remote‐sensing techniques, we identified lakes that demonstrated high biodiversity and algal bloom levels. We calculated the richness of freshwater species and the normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) to prioritize lakes in Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, and bordering countries, of high priority for conservation. We identified 169 priority lakes and lake areas for conservation, based on high levels of biodiversity exposed to potentially harmful algal blooms. Zambia had the most lakes identified as conservation priorities (76% of its small lakes and five 100‐km2 areas in large lakes). Many of the conservation priority lakes and lake areas identified in this study were in transboundary watersheds; thus, collaborative water resource management and conservation at the watershed scale is needed. The use of remote‐sensing tools to prioritize freshwater systems for conservation according to algal‐bloom risk is vital in remote, undersampled world regions, especially given the increasing threat posed to freshwater biodiversity by rapidly expanding agriculture and climate change.
Conceptual frameworks and key questions for assessing the contribution of marine protected areas to shark and ray conservation
Authors: Chin Andrew , Molloy Fergus John , Cameron Darren , Day Jon C. , Cramp Jessica , Gerhardt Karin Leeann , Heupel Michelle R. , Read Mark , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools in addressing the global decline of sharks and rays, and marine parks and shark sanctuaries of various configurations have been established to conserve shark populations. However, assessments of their efficacy are compromised by inconsistent terminology, lack of standardized approaches to assess how MPAs contribute to shark and ray conservation, and ambiguity about how to integrate movement data in assessment processes. We devised a conceptual framework to standardize key terms (e.g., protection, contribution, potential impact, risk, threat) and used the concept of portfolio risk to identify key attributes of sharks and rays (assets), the threats they face (portfolio risk), and the specific role of MPAs in risk mitigation (insurance). Movement data can be integrated into the process by informing risk exposure and mitigation through MPAs. The framework is operationalized by posing 8 key questions that prompt practitioners to consider the assessment scope, MPA type and purpose, range of existing and potential threats, species biology and ecology, and management and operational contexts. Ultimately, MPA contributions to shark and ray conservation differ according to a complex set of human and natural factors and interactions that should be carefully considered in MPA design, implementation, and evaluation.
The college admissions contribution to the labor market beauty premium
Authors: Ong David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the contribution of college admissions to the labor market beauty premium. We sampled 1800 social media profiles of students from universities ranked from 1 to 200 in China and the US. Chinese universities use standardized test scores for admissions. US universities use also extracurricular activities. Consistent with beauty‐blind admissions, alumni's beauty is uncorrelated with the rank of the school they attended in China. In the US, White men who attended high‐ranked schools are better looking, especially attendees of private schools. A one percentage point increase in beauty rank corresponds to a half‐point increase in the school rank.
Investigating classification performance of hybrid deep learning and machine learning architectures on activity recognition
Authors: Uzunhisarcıklı Esma , Kavuncuoğlu Erhan , Özdemir Ahmet Turan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) has become a popular field to recognize people's activities from signals obtained using various types of body placed sensors. The increase in the elderly population will increase cognitive and physical decline due to aging and may cause to serious injuries and deaths if immediate assistance is not provided. For this reason, temporal dynamics and important features should automatically be extracted in order to support the daily life of the elderly and to recognize their physical activities correctly and real time. In the study, the classification performances of deep models (CNNLSTM: CNN long short‐term memory network, ConvLSTM: convolutional LSTM, LSTM: long short‐term memory network) and four other machine learning algorithms (SMVs: support vector machines, k‐NN: k‐nearest neighbor classifier, DT: decision tree classifier, ERF: ensemble random forest) which are known to be successful in HAR were investigated. Features used features used in deep models are automatically generated however in machine learning models were generated by hand. The deep models are developed using with a huge set of activities containing 2520 tests. In the tests, each activity of the volunteers was recorded with three axis accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors placed in the waist region of body. As a result, ConvLSTM reached the highest accuracy with 99.86% in deep models, while SVMs achieved the highest accuracy in fall detection among machine learning algorithms with 98.47%. When the classification of 36 activities was examined, the highest accuracy was obtained with CNNLSTM and SVMs with 86.94% and 74.58%, respectively. Deep models proposed in this study are considered to be more applicable in real‐world HAR scenarios where sensors' data of indefinite length are obtained.
Sensitivity of liquid‐based cytology in the diagnosis of mucormycosis in COVID‐19 treated patients
Authors: Kumar Rabish , Singh Meeta , Sagar Tanu , Bharanidharan   , Khurana Nita , Kumar Vikas , Meher Ravi , Malhotra Vikas , Goel Ruchi , Saxena Sonal , Kumar Jyoti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is associated with a wide range of disease patterns, ranging from mild to life‐threatening pneumonia. COVID‐19 can be associated with a suppressed immune response and/or hyperinflammatory state due to a cytokine storm. Reduced immunity, combined with steroid usage to prevent a cytokine storm along with various pre‐existing comorbidities can prove to be fertile ground for various secondary bacterial and fungal infection, including mucormycosis. Diagnosis of Mucor is a challenging task given the high negativity rate of various detection methods. While histopathology is considered the gold standard, the acquisition of necessary tissue biopsy specimens requires invasive procedures and is time consuming.MethodIn this study five different methods of Mucor detection, namely conventional cytopathology, liquid‐based cytology (LBC, BD SurePath™), potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, culture, and histopathology were analysed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for all five methods.ResultsLBC had values for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 72.4%, 100%, 100%, and 38.4%, respectively, closely matching histopathology in sensitivity (75.9%). The sensitivity of culture, conventional cytopathology, and KOH were very low compared to histopathology and LBC.ConclusionThis study showed that LBC, can be a rapid and effective alternative to histopathology in Mucor diagnosis.
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes of initial combination therapy with glucose‐lowering agents versus a stepwise approach in newly diagnosed or treatment‐naïve type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seidu Samuel , Almaqhawi Abdullah , Abdool Mohammad , Kunutsor Setor K. , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the initial combination therapy versus a stepwise approach in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsStudies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and through search of bibliographies to January 2022. Study‐specific risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.ResultsEight articles including four unique RCTs (n = 5527 participants) and one observational cohort study (n = 200) that compared initial combination therapy versus stepwise therapy were included. The RR for myocardial infarction comparing initial combination therapy versus stepwise therapy was 1.21 (95% CI 0.74‐2.00). Initial combination therapy reduced levels of fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin: mean differences −0.97 mmol/L (95% CI −1.41, −0.53) and −24.92 mmol/mol (95% CI −25.67, −24.27), respectively. Initial combination therapy versus stepwise therapy reduced lipid levels, blood pressure and intima media thickness, with no differences in body composition variables, neuropathy, retinopathy or adverse events. Single‐study results showed that initial combination therapy reduced creatinine levels and urine albumin excretion rate. The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low.ConclusionsExcept for improving cardiometabolic and glycaemic variables, a limited number of studies characterized by small sample sizes show that initial combination therapy for newly diagnosed T2D may be similar in efficacy and safety to stepwise therapy with respect to cardio‐renal outcomes. There is a lack of sufficient evidence to recommend initial combination therapy with glucose‐lowering agents in newly diagnosed T2D with the aim of preventing cardio‐renal outcomes. Definitive RCTs are warranted.
A new approach of non‐invasive hemodynamic assessment by echocardiography in the intensive care unit: The right intercostal transhepatic window
Authors: Cheong Issac , Bermeo Milton , Merlo Pablo M. , Tamagnone Francisco M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEchocardiography has gained great acceptance in the management of critically ill patients, allowing non‐invasive hemodynamic assessment, through conventional cardiac windows such as the parasternal, apical and subxiphoid views. However, it is not always possible to get good quality images because of the interposition of the lung or the presence of surgical drainages at the thoracic region. Based on these issues, we described a case in which echocardiographic assessment was possible through a novel approach: the right intercostal transhepatic window (RITW), through which we diagnosed significant aortic regurgitation in a patient with pulmonary edema.
The effect of the Mahathir regime on the Malaysian economy
Authors: Adisa Abidemi , Farmer Michael , Pavlik Jamie Bologna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDr. Mahathir bin Mohamad is often credited with Malaysia's dramatic economic success post‐1980. It is well known that the Mahathir regime installed centralized power in the Office of the Prime Minister (PM) and greatly extended state capacity through a far‐reaching clientelist system. Prima Facie, the Malaysian experience appears to validate power centralization and state capacity as complementary to economic development. Though these changes did make Malaysia more susceptible to corruption, dramatically exhibited in 2015 with the 1MDB 5 billion dollar scandal, it has been argued that the clientelist political structure installed in Malaysia generally manages corruption at tolerable levels in order to provide the state the capacity needed to implement controls for economic development that began in the 1980s. While Malaysia experienced impressive economic growth during the Mahathir administration, our test using the Synthetic Control Method finds that GDP per capita fell well below what would have been expected under the governing structures in place in the 1970s, before Mahathir took office—a loss of approximately $4000 per capita below its potential. This study provides evidence of powerful negative economic consequences attributable to greater power centralization and enhanced state capacity inaugurated under Mahathir.
Embedded autonomy, political institutions, and access orders
Authors: Lyu Weicheng , Singh Nirvikar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe construct a model of “embedded autonomy,” the idea that the closeness of bureaucrats and business people may lead to growth‐promoting policies by the government, though at the risk of leading to crony capitalism. We analyze how the level of monitoring to control corruption and the weight given to the future affect the nature of the possible outcomes. We explore possible tradeoffs between growth and inclusiveness and discuss how our model relates to more general concepts of inclusiveness of institutions, as framed by Acemoglu and Robinson, or the nature of “access orders,” as introduced by North, Wallis, and Weingast.