bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Synthesis of Selenium-containing Peptides
Authors: Ahmed Kainat , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas , Faisal Amir , Zaib Saleem Rahman Shah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Selenium (Se), a semi-metallic element, has chemical properties similar to sulfur; however,
it has comparatively low electronegativity as well as a large atomic radius than sulfur. These features
bestow selenium-containing compounds with extraordinary reactivity, sensitivity, and potential
for several applications like chemical alteration, protein engineering, chemical (semi)synthesis, etc.
Organoselenium chemistry is emerging fastly, however, examples of effective incorporation of Se
into the peptides are relatively scarce. Providentially, there has been a drastic interest in synthesizing
and applying selenoproteins and selenium-containing peptides over the last few decades. In this
minireview, the synthetic methodologies of selenium-containing peptides and a brief description of
their chemistry and biological activities are summarized. These methodologies enable access to various
natural and unnatural selenium-containing peptides that have been used in a range of applications,
from modulating protein characteristics to structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for
applications in nutraceuticals and drug development. This review aims at the audience interested in
learning about the synthesis as well as will open new dimensions for their future research by aiding
in the design of biologically interesting selenium-containing peptides.
The Complex Roles of DNA Repair Pathways, Inhibitors, Hyperthermia,
and Contact Inhibition in Cell Cycle Halts
Authors: Lee Young Sup , Ahmed Muhammad Bilal , Alghamdi Abdullah A.A. , Islam Salman Ul , Ahsan Haseeb 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The cell cycle has the capacity to safeguard the cell’s DNA from damage. Thus, cell
cycle arrest can allow tumor cells to investigate their own DNA repair processes. Cancer cells
become extremely reliant on G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases due to mutated oncogenes and
deactivated tumor suppressors, producing replication stress and DNA damage during the S
phase and destroying checkpoints that facilitate progression through the S/G2/M phase. DNA
damage checkpoints activate DNA repair pathways to prevent cell proliferation, which occurs
when the genome is damaged. However, research on how cells recommence division after a
DNA lesion-induced arrest is insufficient which is merely the result of cancer cells’ susceptibility
to cell cycle arrest. For example, defects in the G1 arrest checkpoint may cause a cancer cell
to proliferate more aggressively, and attempts to fix these complications may cause the cell to
grow more slowly and eventually die. Defects in the G2-M arrest checkpoint may enable a
damaged cell to enter mitosis and suffer apoptosis, and attempts to boost the effectiveness of
chemotherapy may increase its cytotoxicity. Alternatively, attempts to promote G2-M arrest
have also been linked to increased apoptosis in the laboratory. Furthermore, variables, such as
hyperthermia, contact inhibition, nucleotide shortage, mitotic spindle damage, and resting phase
effects, and DNA replication inhibitors add together to halt the cell cycle. In this review, we
look at how nucleotide excision repair, MMR, and other variables, such as DNA replication inhibitors,
hyperthermia, and contact inhibition, contribute to the outlined processes and functional
capacities that cause cell cycle arrest.
Investigation of the Correlation between Geometrical Relationship and
the Anomeric effect on Conformational Reactivities and Analyze the
1, 4-elimination
Authors: Hasanzadeh Neda , Maknali Azin , Bahrami Amir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Ab initio molecular orbital hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G**) based methods and natural bond orbital (NBO) interpretation were used to investigate the 1, 4- eliminations and the correlations between the global hardness, global electronegativity, anomeric effect, thermodynamic parameters of 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1), 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (2) and 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- arsabicyclo [3.2.1]octane (3). The calculated global electronegativity (χ) differences between the axial- and equatorial-stereoisomers (Δ [χ (eq) - χ (ax)]) decreased from compound 1 to compound 3. This fact justifies that with the increase of the Lewis acid from the equatorial- stereoisomers of compound 1 to compound 3, the energy difference between the axial- and equatorial- stereoisomers decreases. NBO results showed that the anomeric effect is in benefit of the equatorial stereoisomers. The reactions shown in this work are illustrative of the power of anomeric effect and the geometrical relationship of the participating bonds. If the rC-Cl bond is axial, the 1, 4-elimination is avoided altogether. Whereas, if the rC-Cl bond is equatorial, the 1, 4-elimination is performed. These eliminations are rendered possible by the antiperiplanar relationship of the breaking central rC–C bond with the electron pair orbital on the heteroatom and the rC–X bond, X being a leaving group such as a halogen.
Use of Gold Nanoparticles in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Panda Biswajit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Nanoparticles have been proven to be efficient catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions, with added advantages such as the reuse of catalysts, increasing the scale of reactions employing continuous flow techniques, and simple separation of the reaction milieu, making them green, efficient, and lucrative choices. Over the last decade, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have appeared as promising and efficient catalysts in the field of sustainable organic synthesis.On the other hand, heterocycles are significant scaffolds in a variety of natural products and other biologically active molecules, as well as useful compounds for organic and material chemistry. Therefore, the progress of proficient techniques for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is always of major significance. This mini-review focuses on some of the most important AuNPs catalyzed heterocyclic compound synthesis processes. Wherever essential, the exclusivity of the approaches has been discussed by emphasizing substrate diversity, selectivity, product yields, and mechanistic features.
A New Way to the Synthesis of Tricyclic Compounds via Nitrone 1,3-
cycloaddition Dipolar Reaction
Authors: Azouz Mounir , Zga Nadia , Bouchouk Djamel 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
This work is dealing with the development of new methodologies in the field of 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition.

Method:
A new series of tricyclic derivatives (13a-d), were synthesized via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones (8a-c) and (9a-c), using intramolecular cyclisation at reflux of toluene and radical intramolecular cyclisation in the presence of tributyltin hydride and AIBN as an initiator in benzene which are two techniques to prepare cycloadducts (11a-d), followed by cleavage of the N-O bond was thus performed using SmI in THF.

Result:
The structures of these new tricyclic derivatives have been confirmed by Mass, 1H-NMR (1d, 2d), 13C-NMR and IR spectral data.

Conclusion:
In summary, we have investigated the possibility of synthesizing some new and straight forward access to an A-C-D tricyclic skeleton of morphinans from symmetrical arylcyclohexadienes, methodology that can give access to different classes of alkaloids.
Phytochemical Screening and Biological Potential of Agave angustifolia
Haw. Leaves Extract as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Deep Aakash , Chikara Priya , Bansal Nitin , Kumar Sanjiv , Bansal Sandeep , Sharma Arun Kumar , Singh Ishwar , Marwaha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Agave angustifolia Haw. is a commercial crop grown in the highlands of Oaxaca State (Southern Mexico), a semi-arid region that belongs to the Agavaceae family, and it contains a variety of bioactive compounds that are linked to various biological activities

Method:
The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Agave angustifolia extract (AAE). AAE contained phenolic compounds, saponins, and fatty acids, which are responsible for antioxidant and anticancer activity, according to the GCMS analysis

Result and Discussion:
AAE exhibited antioxidant activity based on Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays (IC50 value of 203.00 µg/ml) and anticancer activity (IC50 value of 82.70±1.458 μg/ml) compared with standard drug (Doxorubicin) which shows lower inhibitory rate than Extract against HeLa CCL-2 cancer cell line.

Conclusion:
In this study, the chemical constituents and biological properties of AAE were determined.
Diabetic Patients with COVID-19 Complications: Insights into Prevalence,
Prognosis, Combination Medications, and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Wal Pranay , Dwivedi Jyotsana , Wal Ankita , Kushwaha Shivangi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. For people with COVID-19 infection as well as for healthy individuals, blood glucose control is essential. Nowadays, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients.

Objectives:
We examined the data on the link between diabetes and COVID-19, the pathogenesis of diabetes, and treatment of COVID-19 infection in diabetic patients.

Methods:
Up until October 2, 2021, the key terms 'COVID-19,' 'SARSCoV2,' 'diabetes,' and 'antidiabetic therapy' were searched in the PubMed database and Google Scholar. The full texts of the articles were accessed.

Results:
Some diseases, for instance, diabetes, are continuously suggested as risk factor which result in the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no comprehensive studies aiming to explain the exact relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients. COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. Blood glucose control is critical not only for COVID-19-infected patients but also for those who do not have the condition. In today's world, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients.

Conclusion:
Thus, this study aims to summarize the evidence about diabetes and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of
the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features
Authors: Rajab Bodour S. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A systematic review was performed to deliver a critical view of clinical
and research practice on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Saudi Arabia. Scopus, PubMed,
and Google Scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting clinical and/or imaging
findings among HCM patients in Saudi Arabia. Of 559 records identified, 3 studies and 1 abstract
were included, involving 169 patients.

Methods:
The mean age ranged between 40and 56 years, up to 93.3% were males. A family history
of HCM was reported in one study (5%), and sudden cardiac death was investigated in two studies
(9% and 13%). Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom (60-68.7%) reported, followed by
chest pain (12.5%-73.3%).

Results:
Regarding complications, atrial fibrillation was reported among 0-25% of the patients, mitral
regurgitations among 13.3-50%, and ventricular tachycardia among 5-12.5%. Imaging parameters
were inadequately documented and suggested a high prevalence of left atrial enlargement, SVI
+ RV5 > 35 mm, blocks, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy.

Conclusion:
The ejection fraction was reported by two studies with a mean±SD of 68±13% and
77.2±8.07%. The researchers stress the paucity, low quality, and disparity in time of original studies
about HCM in Saudi Arabia and recommend conducting national multicenter studies, with appropriate
design, notably using screening-based recruitment methods.
Antidiabetic Potential of Ruthenium(III) Hydroxamate Complexes:
Spectrophotometric Investigations
Authors: Kaushal Raj , Kaur Mandeep 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of four ruthenium(III) hydroxamate complexes [RuCl(H2O)(LI-III)2] (1-3) and [RuCl3(H2O)(HLIV)2] (4) were investigated on α-cell enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase).

METHOD:
In the instance of -amylase inhibition investigations, the antidiabetic studies of the complexes revealed that they are more active than even the Acarbose as standard, with complex 4 having an IC50 value of 52.31 g/ml. For α-glucosidase inhibition, complex 4 was observed to be the best inhibitor with a remarkable 0.35g/ml IC50 value, which may be attributed to the size and superior lipophilicity of this complex, enabling it to interact with the biological system more effectively than complexes 1-3.The complexes with the best IC50 values were studied further for enzyme kinetics. Molecular docking studies were performed as well to investigate the interactions between the synthesized complexes and target enzymes viz., α glucosidase and α-amylase.

RESULT:
The obtained in-vitro results have also been supported by the results of the in-silico docking studies. Furthermore, the antiradical activity of Ru(III) complexes was assessed for its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION:
All the complexes (except complex 3) exhibited remarkable antiradical activity.
Analysis of Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanostructured MoS2 in
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nayana K. , Sunitha A. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Recently, renewable and non-conventional energy production methods have been getting
widespread attention. Fast research progress in establishing green energy indicates the relevance of
carbon-free power production. Chemical energy stored in hydrogen molecules is considered green
energy to substitute conventional energy sources. It is possible to produce hydrogen without carbon
emission by water electrolysis. The action of appropriate catalysts can increase the rate of water electrolysis. Among various non-harmful and cost-effective catalysts, MoS2 nanostructures emerge as
electrocatalysts in water electrolysis. This paper reviews the electrocatalytic properties of nanostructures of MoS2 by analyzing different characterization techniques used in water electrolysis, such as
linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and
chronopotentiometry. This article explores the relationship between electrocatalytic characteristics and
the reaction mechanism. How the reaction kinetics of electrocatalyst varies with respect to the
structural changes of MoS2 nanostructures, pH of surrounding medium and longevity of catalyst are
analysed here. It is found that the 1T phase of MoS2 has faster catalytic activity than the 2H phase.
Similarly, among the various shapes and sizes of MoS2 nanostructures, quantum dot or monolayer
structures of MoS2 and doped version of MoS2 have better catalytic activity. Acidic electrolyte shows
better kinetics for releasing hydrogen than other pH conditions. Longevity, catalytic behaviour over a
wide pH range, cost-effective synthesis methods and non-toxicity of MoS2 catalysts suggest its future
scope as a better catalyst for commercial purposes. Electrocatalytic activity, stability, future scope and
challenges of various MoS2 nanostructures are reviewed here.
Embelin Enhances the Sensitivity of Renal Cancer Cells to Axitinib by Inhibiting HIF
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Zuowei , Fang Qiong , Li Zhiying , Xue Ye , Zong Xin , Ma Wenshuang , Xi Guangmin , Zhang Xiao Feng 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system with a high recurrence rate and easy metastasis. Current clinical drugs for renal cell carcinoma include immunotherapies and targeted drugs. Axitinib is a clinically targeted drug for treating renal cell carcinoma, which has shortcomings such as unstable efficacy and easy drug resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether embelin can enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib and explore its regulatory pathways.

Methods:
The enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was detected using MTT, crystal violet staining and annexin V-FITC staining in two renal cancer cell lines. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins under different conditions. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict the pathways through which embelin may act on renal cancer cells, and pharmacological methods were used to verify the results.

Results:
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib in the following aspects: enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation by axitinib, and the induction of cell apoptosis. HIF was a potential pathway for Embelin action. After IOX2 regulated the HIF-1α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened. Moreover, after PT2977 regulated the HIF-2α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened.

Conclusions:
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of A498 and 786-O renal cancer cells to axitinib by inhibiting the HIF pathway.
Anti-tumoral Effect of Thymelaea hirsuta L. Extracts in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: El Btaouri Hassan , Toumi Iheb , Yatouji Sonia , Borie Nicolas , Remy Simon , Renault Jean-Hugues , Chazee Lise , Hammami Mohamed , Martiny Laurent , Devarenne-Charpentier Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Conventional chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer has a low efficacity because of its high toxicity. Several studies identified natural compounds as potential antitumor agents by inducing cancer cell cycle arrest or apoptosis and by exhibiting a potential synergy in drug combination therapy. Natural compounds derived from plants represent an important source of pharmacologic agents toward several diseases. For example, the Tunisian Thymelaeaceae plants, are used in folk medicine for the treatment of different pathologies such as diabetes and hypertension.

Objective:
The Thymelaea hirsuta L. extracts were evaluated for their anti-tumoral activities and their adjuvant potential that could be used in conventional colorectal cancer therapy.

Methods:
Fractionation of total methanolic extract from the plant leaves provided 4 fractions using vacuum liquid chromatography. The cytotoxic activities of these fractions were tested toward colorectal cancer cells.

Results:
Ethyl acetate fraction (E2 fraction) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating caspase-3. E2 fraction inhibited cell invasion by reducing integrin 5 expression and FAK phosphorylation. Moreover, E2 fraction potentialized colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU treatment.

Conclusion:
The selected plant Thymelaea hirsuta is the source of natural compounds that inhibited cell growth and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells. The most interesting result was their potential synergy in 5-FU combination treatment. Further analysis will identify the active compounds and confirm their role in chemotherapeutic treatment by sensitizing colorectal cancer cell to anti-cancer drug.
Biological Importance, Therapeutic Benefits, and Analytical Aspects of
Active Flavonoidal Compounds ‘Corylin’ from Psoralea corylifolia in the
Field of Medicine
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are the best examples of secondary metabolite
found in different natural sources, including ‘fruits, grains, vegetables, broccoli, tea, berries, wine,
strawberries, apples, grapes, lettuce, and citrus fruit. Natural products are a rich source of flavonoidal
compounds present in our diet source.

Objective:
Flavonoidal class chemicals can be subcategorized into chalcones, isoflavone, flavonols,
catechin, flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanidin with respect to their basic chemical structures. Psoralea
corylifolia L. belongs to the family Fabaceae and is an herbal medicine used in traditional Chinese
Medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, bacterial infections, and cancerous disorders.

Methods:
In the present work, scientific data have been collected from different databases and analyzed
in order to find the therapeutic potential of corylin in medicine. Different scientific databases
such as Google, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, etc., have been searched to collect the needed scientific
information on corylin. Scientific information on corylin has been collected in the present work in
order to know the pharmacological activities and medicinal uses of corylin in the scientific fields.
However, analytical techniques data of corylin have also been collected and analyzed for standardization
of Psoralea corylifolia and other medicinal plants.

Results:
Scientific data analysis of research works revealed the medicinal importance of Psoralea corylifolia
and its important phytoconstituents corylin in medicine. Scientific data analysis revealed that
corylin is a flavonoidal class phytochemical found in the nuts of Psoralea corylifolia L. Biological
importance of corylin in bone differentiation, bone growth, and osteoporosis has been proven in this
scientific research work. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antitumor activity of corylin has
been also described in this medical literature. The biological importance of corylin in hyperlipidemia,
insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neurodisorders have also been presented
in this work.

Conclusion:
Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance and therapeutic potential of
corylin in the field of medicine.
Lithium Cholesterol Sulfate: A Novel and Potential Drug for Treating Alzheimer’s Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hu Weiqiang , Zhao Menghua , Lian Junrong , Li Dandan , Wen Jinhua , Tan Jun 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objective:Recent studies have shown that lithium treatment can reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the present lithium salts clinically available have serious short-term and long-term side effects, requiring frequent monitoring of blood chemistry and plasma lithium levels to avoid toxicity. Consequently, there is a demand for a safer and more effective lithium formulation to treat these diseases.Methods:Hence, we firstly synthesized lithium cholesterol sulfate (LiCS) and compared its pharmacological effects with that of lithium chloride (LiCl) and sodium cholesterol sulfate (NaCS) on markers of neurodegenerative disease in cell cultures.Results:LiCS was more potent than LiCl in increasing inhibitory GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation (pGSK3β) in both CHO and SH-SY5Y cells. These agents dose-dependently increased pGSK3β, starting at 10 μM for LiCS and 60 μM for LiCl and maximally by approximately 100% at 60 μM for LiCS and 1.25 mM for LiCl, without altering total GSK3β levels. In HEK293/tau cells, LiCS reduced tau (Thr231) phosphorylation (ptau) starting at 10 μM and maximally by 63% at 40 μM without altering total tau levels, but ptau levels were not altered by LiCl at any dose between 60 μM and 1.25 mM. In BV2 cells, LiCS and LiCl decreased LPS-induced TNFα levels, starting at 20 μM for LiCS and 5 mM for LiCl, and maximally by approximately 30% at 80 μM for LiCS and 20 mM for LiCl. NaCS at any dose between 5 and 90 μM did not alter pGSK3β, ptau or LPS-induced TNFα.Conclusion:LiCS may become a new drug with good pharmacological potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD and ASD, by allowing lithium to more readily access intracellular pathological processes.