bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myristoylated alanine rich C kinase substrate/Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 regulates cortactin to promote neutrophil elastase-induced mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Zhong Youqing , He Mingxin , Perelman Juliy M. , Kolosov Victor P. , Li Qi , Zhou Xiangdong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mucus secretion is excessively increased in airway epithelial cells in pathological states. This process is related to the cytoskeleton and the increase in exocytosis sites, but the movement of secreted molecules and how secretion increases remain unclear. In this study, we examined the potential role of myristoylated alanine rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the cortical actin-binding protein cortactin in airway mucin secretion. Also we investigated the effect of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) in this process.
Methods
Human airway epithelial cells were treated with neutrophil elastase (NE) after treatment with siRNA to specifically knock down MARCKS, ACK1 and cortactin expression. The expression and localization of cortactin and MARCKS were observed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the phosphorylated forms of MARCKS, cortactin and ACK1 were detected. The interaction of cortactin and ACK1 was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation. MUC5AC protein expression was measured by ELISAs.
Results
Phosphorylated cortactin was highly expressed, mainly at the cell membrane, after NE stimulation, and phosphorylated MARCKS was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that ACK1 and cortactin interacted with each other. Knockdown of MARCKS suppressed phosphorylation of cortactin, while cortactin siRNA had no significant effect on MARCKS activation. Knockdown of MARCKS, cortactin and ACK1 by siRNA attenuated the phosphorylation of cortactin and reduced MUC5AC secretion.
Conclusion
These results suggest that both cortactin and MARCKS are involved in MUC5AC secretion by increasing F-actin polymerization and translocation and that MARCKs and ACK1 play an important role in the activation of cortactin.
Structure-Aromaticity-Spectroscopy Relationship in Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Karuppusamy Masiyappan , Panneer Shyam Vinod Kumar , G Abigail Jennifer , Varathan Elumalai , Kumar Ravva Mahesh , Subramanian Venkatesan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, an effort has been made to analyze the aromaticity of oligomers of benzene and thiophene, with and without linkers using Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) as a descriptor, and their relation with HOMO-LUMO gap, reorganization energy and excitation energy. Thus, calculations have been performed to develop structure-aromaticity-spectroscopy relationship. Although the inter-relationship between geometry and aromaticity has been extensively discussed in the literature, the present study provides pointers about relationship between aromaticity, conjugation, and spectroscopic properties. Benzene and thiophene-based oligomers have been chosen for the study comprising of vinyl and ethynyl linkers along with the α-linked benzene and thiophene oligomers as model systems. The results show that both HOMO-LUMO gaps and excitation energies exhibit linear relationship with inverse of the NICS values, indicating the possible existence of the structure-aromaticity-π-conjugation-spectroscopy relationship.
The unique global solvability of a nonhomogeneous incompressible asymmetric fluids in two and three dimensions
Authors: Xu Fuyi , Zhang Mingxue , Qiao Liening 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present paper studies the nonhomogeneous incompressible asymmetric fluids in two and three dimensions. The main aim is to obtain the unique global solvability of the system with only bounded nonnegative initial density. More precisely, we construct the global existence of the solution with large data in 2-D and the existence of local in time solution for arbitrary large data and global in time for some smallness conditions in 3-D. In addition, the uniqueness of the solution is proved under quite soft assumptions about its regularity through a Lagrangian approach. These conclusions can be viewed as a generalization of the one established by [ P. Braz e Silva, F. Cruz, M. Loayza and M. Rojas-Medar, J. Differential Equations, 269 (2020), pp. 1319–1348], which does not allow the presence of initial vacuum.
Characterization of sea buckthorn polysaccharides and the analysis of its regulatory effect on the gut microbiota imbalance induced by cefixime
Authors: Xie Xinyao , Song Yongcheng , Bi Xiufang , Liu Xiaocui , Xing Yage , Che Zhenming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sea buckthorn pomace is a by-product of sea buckthorn products that is not effectively utilized. This study obtained sea buckthorn polysaccharides (SPs) from the pomace via ultrasound extraction, analyzed its structure, and investigated its regulatory effect on the gut microbiota imbalance induced by cefixime. The results showed that SPs was acid polysaccharides with pyranose rings, composed mainly of galacturonic acid, galactose, and rhamnose. The SPs molecular weight (Mw) was 6.26 × 103 kDa, while further structural analysis revealed an irregular dendritic, fibrous surface morphology. Biochemical analysis showed that SPs increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut of mice treated with cefixime. Furthermore, SPs increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermanis. Correlation analysis suggested that various microbiota had a significant (p < 0.05) relationship with SCFAs. Consequently, the underlying mechanism of SPs in restoring cefixime-induced gut microbiota disorder may be due to the promotion of SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut and gut microbiota regulation, benefiting gut health. This study is highly significant for developing and utilizing sea buckthorn pomace.
Establishment of metabolite prediction model for the risk of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic population
Authors: Su Jing-Yang , Chen Yong-Jie , Zhang Rui , Zhang Ji-Kun , Fang Zhong-Ze 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between multiple plasma metabolites and the risk of diabetic retinopathy, and to develop a risk prediction model for diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods
This study conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study. According to medical records, 743 patients from tertiary hospital were retrieved, and were divided into diabetic retinopathy group (DR group) and non-diabetic retinopathy group (non-DR group). The levels of metabolites such as amino acids and acylcarnitine in plasma were measured by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Partial least squares regression was used to rank the importance of these metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves were made for the variables at the top of the importance list. Area under curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model.
Results
We retrieved 743 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, 94 of which had diabetic retinopathy. Compared to non-DR group, there were more diabetic nephropathy patients (P = 0.019) and stroke patients (P < 0.001) in DR group. A DR risk prediction model consisting of histidine, citrulline, phenylalanine, methionine, tyrosine, C3, C24 was obtained with an AUC of 0.770(95%CI: 0.701–0.839).
Conclusions
A DR risk prediction model consisting of 7 plasma metabolites is a simple and effective tool to detect the risk of DR in Chinese diabetic patients.
Transcatheter arterial embolization of the common hepatic artery for pseudoaneurysm after a laparoscopic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case report
Authors: Xu Lifeng , Yang Bo , Gu Guosheng , Li Yongxiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Common hepatic artery (CHA) pseudoaneurysm is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the possible cause is unclear. We report a case of intraperitoneal hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy who was discharged after embolization under DSA. We consider that this complication may be related to iatrogenic injury.
Not all rectal cancer patients could benefit from the surgery on the primary site
Authors: Zhou Jin , Yu Wenqian , Xia Jing , Li Shiyi , Xie Linshen , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposePieces of evidence showed the surgery on the primary site could improve the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, but the results were inconsistent. The present study investigates whether all patients could benefit from the surgery.MethodsThe rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohort were included. Multivariable Cox regression was utilized to investigate the effect of the primary site surgery on the prognosis in total patients and stratified by the age, M stage and the number of distant metastatic organs. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was also used to balance observed covariates and Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to exam the differences in the prognosis.ResultsA total of 76,941 rectal cancer patients were included and about 68.1% received surgery. The patients with surgery have a relatively lower proportion of advanced age, higher differentiated grade, T stage, N stage, M stage, and bone, brain, lung, and liver metastasis than patients without surgery. Multivariable Cox regression showed a protective effect of the surgery on the prognosis, even in patients with advanced age, distant metastasis, and multiple organ metastasis. However, no association was found in patients with four organ metastases. The PSM also confirmed the results mentioned above.ConclusionNot all rectal cancer patients could benefit from the surgery, especially the patients with four organ distant metastases. The results could help the clinicians to tailor targeted treatment regimens and provide a guideline for making surgical decisions.
Identification of a chromatin regulator signature in prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Weiran , Song Hongming , Xia Jing , Huan Yuqi , Wang Xiaowei , Kong Bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Chromatin regulators (CRs) are indispensable upstream regulatory factors of epigenetics and play an important role in cancer progression. Herein, we explored the relationship between CRs and breast cancer (BC) through bioinformatics to improve BC prognosis and treatment.
Methods: The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiles and clinical data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to build a prognostic model. Patients were divided into high and low-risk groups according to the risk score. Then, a nomogram was constructed based on the selected clinical features and risk score. The differences in immune cell infiltration and checkpoints were estimated for the high and low-risk groups.
Results: We established and validated a prognostic model of BC patients based on 4 CRs-related genes (MORF4L1, NCOA4, TTK and JMJD4). The high-risk group presented poor prognosis. The immune-correlation analysis also showed that the high-risk group might response to immunotherapy.
Conclusion: We successfully established a reliable 4 CRs-related prognostic model and provided novel insights for evaluating immune infiltration and guiding the treatment of BC patients.
Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Lutonja Emilian Joseph 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Production efficiency across sectors of the economy is now a main point of discussion due to the growing threat of food insecurity soon. This study focused on determining the level of technical efficiency (TE) and its corresponding common factors across all crops grown by Tanzanian smallholder farmers by employing a single-step stochastic frontier model with an assumption of a Cobb-Douglas production function. The motive of this study comes from production theory and production efficiency. The study employed the cross-sectional National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/2020 dataset while focusing on smallholder farmers operating in the long-rainy season. The results of production on frontier show that land size (Ha), seeds (Kg), and fertilizers (Kg) are the main requirement for smallholder farmers to produce their maximum output. Based on the efficiency equation, improved seeds, inorganic fertilizers, and access to extension services decrease farmers' technical inefficiency while household age and membership in a cooperative organization increase farmers' technical inefficiency. Further, the average level of technical efficiency among smallholder farmers in Tanzania is 56.7% which allows farmers to increase their output level up to 43.2% with the same level of inputs.

JEL Classification: C2, C21, Q12, Q13
Mapping under-five child malaria risk that accounts for environmental and climatic factors to aid malaria preventive and control efforts in Ghana: Bayesian geospatial and interactive web- based mapping methods
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Under-five child malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, especially among sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana. In Ghana, malaria is responsible for about 20000 deaths in children annually of which 25% are those aged <5 years. To provide opportunities for efficient malaria surveillance and targeted control efforts amidst limited public health resources, we produced high resolution interactive web-based spatial maps that characterized geographical differences in malaria risk and identified high burden communities.
Methods: This modelling and web-based mapping studyutilised data from the 2019 Malaria Indicators Survey (MIS) of the Demographic and Health Survey Program. A novel and advanced Bayesian geospatial modelling and mapping approaches were utilized to examine predictors and geographical differences in under-five malaria. The model was validated via a cross-validation approach. We produced an interactive web-based visualization map of the malaria risk by mapping the predicted malaria prevalence at both sampled and unsampled locations.
Results: In 2019, 718 (25%) of 2867 under-five children surveyed had malaria. Substantial geographical differences in under-five malaria risk were observed. ITN coverage (log-odds 4.5643, 95% credible interval = 2.4086 - 6.8874), travel time (log-odds 0.0057, 95% credible interval = 0.0017 - 0.0099) and aridity (log-odds = 0.0600, credible interval = 0.0079 - 0.1167) were predictive of under-five malaria in the spatial model. The overall predicted national malaria prevalence was 16.3% (standard error (SE) 8.9%) with a range of 0.7 % to 51.4% in the spatial model with covariates and prevalence of 28.0% (SE 13.9%) with a range of 2.4 to 67.2% in the spatial model without covariates. Residing in parts of Central and Bono East regions was associated with the highest risk of under-five malaria after adjusting for the selected covariates.
Conclusion: The high-resolution interactive web-based predictive maps can be used as an effective tool in the identification of communities that require urgent and targeted interventions by program managers and implementers. This is key as part of an overall strategy in reducing the under-five malaria burden and its associated morbidity and mortality in a country with limited public health resources where universal intervention is practically impossible.
Optimization of chemical fertilizer use was modified by smallholders’ livelihood differentiation through mediating effects of agricultural socialized services
Authors: Huang Qianni , Li Yajuan , Jiao Xiaoqiang , An Zhichao , Ma Ji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As the mainstay of global food security feeding more with less is one of the major challenges faced by smallholder-dominated food production. This challenge has become increasingly more daunting due to the development of smallholders’ livelihood differentiation induced by urbanization. Usually, smallholders take insure approach to food production on chemical fertilizer use, considering the time of part-time jobs. With the continuous improvement of agricultural socialized services, it remains to be verified, whether the impact of smallholders’ livelihood differentiation on optimal chemical fertilizer application will be mitigated. Therefore, we conducted a study in seven provinces of China with 1112 smallholders. Through the mediation model, we found that: (1) the amount of chemical fertilizer use by smallholders was generally higher than the economically optimal level. (2) Smallholders with differentiated livelihoods can significantly reduce chemical fertilizer application and contribute to maintaining the optimal economic chemical fertilizer application level through the mediating effect of agricultural socialized services demand, which is approximately 13.03%. (3) With farmer livelihood differentiation, the increase in smallholders’ demand for socialized services includes not only an increase in the probability of service selection but also an increase in the demand for service intensity and organization degree of the service providers.
Beyond the state of the art of reverse vaccinology: predicting vaccine efficacy with the Universal Immune System Simulator for influenza
Authors: Russo Giulia , Crispino Elena , Maleki Avisa , Salvatore Valentina Di , Pappalardo Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When it was first introduced in 2000, reverse vaccinology was defined as an in silico approach that begins with the pathogen's genomic sequence and concludes with a list of potential protein and/or peptide candidates that need to be experimentally confirmed for vaccine production. During the subsequent years, reverse vaccinology has dramatically changed: now it consists of a large number of bioinformatics tools and processes namely subtractive proteomics, computational vaccinology, immunoinformatics, and in silico related procedures. However, the state of the art of reverse vaccinology still misses the ability to predict the efficacy of the proposed vaccine formulation. Here, we describe how to fill the gap introducing an advanced immune system simulator able to test the efficacy of a vaccine formulation against the disease for which it has been designed. As a working example, we present a fully application of this advanced reverse vaccinology approach to design and predict the efficacy of a potential vaccine formulation against influenza H5N1. Climate change and melting glaciers are critical issues due to reactivating frozen viruses and emerging new pandemics. H5N1 is one of the potential strains present in frozen lakes that can raise a pandemic. Investigating structural antigen protein is the most profitable therapeutic pipeline to generate an effective vaccine against H5N1. In particular, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine based on predicted epitopes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins that potentially trigger B-cells, CD4, and CD8 T-cell immune responses. Antigenicity and toxicity of all predicted CTL, Helper T-lymphocytes, and B-cells epitopes were evaluated, and both antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes were selected. In the perspective of advanced reverse vaccinology, the Universal Immune System Simulator, an in silico trial computational framework, was applied to estimate vaccine efficacy using a cohort of 100 digital patients.
CMTM6 and PD-L1 are independent prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Becker Anne-Sophie , Zonnur Sarah , Zimpfer Annette , Krause Mareike , Schneider Björn , Strueder Daniel Fabian , Burmeister Ann-Sophie , Erbersdobler Andreas , Junghanss Christian , Maletzki Claudia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The predictive potential of immunological markers are not fully understood in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We retrospectively analyzed 129 treatment-naive HNSCCs for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) expression, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We evaluated mutual relationships among these markers, HPV-status, and overall survival (OS). PD-L1 and CMTM6 expression (combined positive score ≥ 1 and ≥ 5) was detected in ~ 75% of HNSCCs. The HPV-status had a minor impact on expression of either marker. Nearly all PD-L1-positive cases showed simultaneous CMTM6 expression in comparable staining patterns. Tumors with PD-L1 (p < 0.0001) and/or CMTM6 (p < 0.05) expression showed the best OS. A high density of TILs (p < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), and a CD68/CD163 ratio > 1 had prognostic relevance. PD-L1 and CMTM6 correlated with density of TILs and CD8+ cells (Spearman r = range from 0.22 to 0.34), but not with HPV-status. Our results identify CMTM6 as an important interaction partner in the crosstalk between TILs, CD8+ T cells, and PD-L1, mediating anticancer efficacies. CMTM6 evaluation may be helpful for prognostic prediction and additionally serve as a reliable biomarker for selecting HNSCC patients eligible for ICIs treatment.
Unusual cause of fever in ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab
Authors: Shi Haitao , Sha Sumei , Wu Jie , Zhang Ming , Qin Bin , Yang Longbao , Liu Xin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at high risk for opportunistic infections, and fungal infections are relatively uncommon among various infections.
Case
This case is the first reported ulcerative colitis accompanied with cryptococcus neoformans infection after infliximab treatment. In the course of the disease, the patients had a variety of opportunistic infections, including viruses, fungi and bacteria.
Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of paying continued attention to opportunistic infections for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
An easy-to-build transcutaneous electrical stimulator for spinal cord stimulation therapy
Authors: Alam Monzurul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation, a non-invasive, reversible spinal cord neuromodulation method holds tremendous promise and hope for the people with paralysis resultant of spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurological conditions. Yet, there are not many options of such stimulation device compared to other successful electrical stimulators such as neuromuscular electrical stimulator (NMES) and functional electrical stimulator (FES), especially for most people around the world. In this report, a simple design and step-by-step prototyping of a transcutaneous electrical stimulator (TES) is presented to facilitate anyone with the modest technological knowledge to develop their own stimulator for the spinal cord stimulation treatment. It is, however, warned to handle the stimulator with highest caution and care as it can generate high voltage which can have adverse health effects, if not handled carefully. The entire design and source-code are shared online on GitHub repository: https://github.com/OpenXstim/OpenVstim
Origin of coda waves: earthquake source resonance
Authors: Liu Yinbin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coda in local earthquake exhibits resonance-like wave behaviour where the coda emerges as long-duration small-amplitude vibration with selective frequency, slow temporal decay, and uniform spatial energy distribution around the earthquake source. Coda is thought to be the incoherent waves scattered from random small-scale heterogeneity in the earth’s lithosphere. Here I show that the coda in local earthquake is primarily attributed to the natural resonance in strong small-scale heterogeneity around the earthquake’s hypocenter through seismic wave field modeling for 1D heterogeneity. The natural resonance is evolved from the low frequency resonance (LFR) and is an emergent phenomenon that occurs in steady state regime. Effects of heterogeneity on the natural resonance are similar to those of LFR.