bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying urban, industrial, and background changes in NO2 during the COVID-19 lockdown period based on TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris A. , Griffin Debora , Krotkov Nickolay , Liu Fei , Eskes Henk 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The COVID-19 lockdown had a large impact on anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and particularly on nitrogen dioxide (NO2). While the overall NO2 decline over some large cities is
well-established, understanding the details remains a challenge since
multiple source categories contribute. In this study, a new method of
isolation of three components (background NO2, NO2 from urban
sources, and NO2 from industrial point sources) is applied to estimate the impact
of the COVID-19 lockdown on each of them. The approach is based on fitting
satellite data by a statistical model with empirical plume dispersion
functions driven by a meteorological reanalysis. Population density and
surface elevation data as well as coordinates of industrial sources were
used in the analysis. The tropospheric NO2 vertical column density
(VCD) values measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor over 261 urban areas for the period from 16 March to 15 June 2020 were compared with the average VCD values for the same period in 2018 and 2019. While the background NO2 component remained almost unchanged, the urban NO2 component
declined by −18 % to −28 % over most regions. India, South America, and
a part of Europe (particularly, Italy, France, and Spain) demonstrated a
−40 % to −50 % urban emission decline. In contrast, the decline over
urban areas in China, where the lockdown was over during the analysed
period, was, on average, only -4.4±8 %. Emissions from large
industrial sources in the analysed urban areas varied greatly from region to region from -4.8±6 % for China to -40±10 %
for India. Estimated changes in urban emissions are correlated with changes
in Google mobility data (the correlation coefficient is 0.62) confirming
that changes in traffic were one of the key elements in the decline in urban
NO2 emissions. No correlation was found between changes in background
NO2 and Google mobility data. On the global scale, the background and
urban components were remarkably stable in 2018, 2019, and 2021, with
averages of all analysed areas all being within ±2.5 % and
suggesting that there were no substantial drifts or shifts in TROPOMI data.
The 2020 data are clearly an outlier: in 2020, the mean background component for all analysed areas (without China) was -6.0%±1.2 % and the mean urban component was -26.7±2.6 % or 20σ below the baseline level from the other years.
Quality assessment of Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)-observed cloud properties using SKYNET surface observation data
Authors: Khatri Pradeep , Hayasaka Tadahiro , Irie Hitoshi , Letu Husi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Takamura Tamio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) satellite, launched on 23 December 2017,
observes various geophysical parameters with the aim of better understanding the global climate system. As part of that aim, SGLI has great
potential to unravel several uncertainties related to clouds by providing new cloud products along with several other atmospheric products related
to cloud climatology, including aerosol products from polarization channels. However, very little is known about the quality of the SGLI cloud
products. This study uses data about clouds and global irradiances observed from the Earth's surface using a sky radiometer and a pyranometer,
respectively, to understand the quality of the two most fundamental cloud properties – cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud-particle effective
radius (CER) – of both water and ice clouds. The SGLI-observed COD agrees well with values observed from the surface, although it agrees better for
water clouds than for ice clouds, while the SGLI-observed CER exhibits poorer agreement than does the COD, with SGLI values being generally
higher than the sky radiometer values. These comparisons between the SGLI and sky radiometer cloud properties are found to differ for different
cloud types of both the water and ice cloud phases and different solar and satellite viewing angles by agreeing better for relatively uniform and
flat cloud type and for relatively low solar zenith angle. Analyses of SGLI-observed reflectance functions and values calculated by assuming
plane-parallel cloud layers suggest that SGLI-retrieved cloud properties can have biases in the solar and satellite viewing angles, similar to other
satellite sensors including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Furthermore, it is found that the SGLI-observed cloud
properties reproduce global irradiances quite satisfactorily for both water and ice clouds by resembling several important features of the COD
comparison, such as better agreement for water clouds than for ice clouds and the tendency to underestimate (resp. overestimate) the COD in SGLI
observations for optically thick (resp. thin) clouds.
Fossilization of Precambrian microfossils in the Volyn pegmatite, Ukraine
Authors: Franz Gerhard , Lyckberg Peter , Khomenko Vladimir , Chournousenko Vsevolod , Schulz Hans-Martin , Mahlstedt Nicolaj , Wirth Richard , Glodny Johannes , Gernert Ulrich , Nissen Jörg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We report on Precambrian microfossils from igneous rocks of the Volyn
pegmatite district, associated with the Paleoproterozoic Korosten pluton,
northwestern Ukraine. The fossils were recovered from meter-sized miarolitic
cavities and show a well-preserved 3D morphology, mostly filamentous but
with a large variety of types and also in irregular, flaky shapes
reminiscent of former biofilms, as well as rare spherical objects. Based on
literature data, pyrolysis experiments, and reflected light microscopy
results, the organic matter (OM) is characterized as (oxy-)kerite. Further
investigations with microscopic techniques, including scanning and
transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis show that
fossilization likely occurred during a hydrothermal, post-pegmatitic event
by silicification dominantly in the outermost 1–2 µm of the
microfossils. The hydrothermal fluid, derived from the pegmatitic
environment, was enriched in SiF4, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cl, and S. The OM
shows O enrichment in which N and S content is low, indicating simultaneous N
and S loss during anaerobic oxidation. Mineralization with Al silicates
starts at the rim of the microfossils, continuing in its outer parts into
identifiable encrustations and intergrowths of clay minerals, feldspar,
Ca sulfate, Ca phosphate, Fe sulfide, and fluorite. Breccias, formed during collapse of some the miarolitic cavities, contain
decaying OM, which released high concentrations of dissolved NH4+,
responsible for the late-stage formation of tobelite-rich
muscovite and buddingtonite. The age of the fossils can be restricted to the time between the
pegmatite formation, at ∼1.760 Ga, and the breccia formation
at ∼1.49 Ga. As the geological environment for the growth of the
microorganisms and fossilization, we assume a geyser system in which the
essential biological components C, N, S, and P for growth of the organisms
in the miarolitic cavities were derived from microorganisms at the surface.
Fossilization was induced by magmatic SiF4-rich fluids. The Volyn
occurrence is a distinct and uncommon example of Precambrian fossils, and the
results underline the importance of cavities in granitic rocks as a possible
habitat for microorganisms preserved in the deep biosphere.
Signal response of the Swiss plate geophone monitoring system impacted by bedload particles with different transport modes
Authors: Chen Zheng , He Siming , Nicollier Tobias , Ammann Lorenz , Badoux Alexandre , Rickenmann Dieter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Controlled experiments were performed to investigate the acoustic signal response of the Swiss plate geophone (SPG) system impacted by bedload particles varying in size, impact angle, and transport mode. The impacts of bedload particles moving by saltation, rolling, and sliding were determined by analyzing the experimental videos and corresponding vibration signals. The finite element method (FEM) was utilized to construct a numerical model of the SPG system and to simulate the signals triggered by a quartz sphere hitting the plate at impact angles ranging from 0∘ to 90∘. For a particle impact on the bed or on the geophone plates, the signature of the generated signal in terms of maximum amplitude, number of impulses, and centroid frequency was extracted from the raw monitoring data. So-called signal packets were determined by performing a Hilbert transform of the raw signal. The number of packets was calculated for each transport mode and for each particle size class, with sizes ranging from 28.1 to 171.5 mm. The results show how the number of signal impulses per particle mass, the amplitude of the signal envelope, and the centroid frequency change with increasing particle size, and they also demonstrate the effect of bedload transport mode on the signal response of the SPG system. We found that there is a general increase in the strength of the signal response or in the centroid frequency when the transport mode changes from sliding to rolling to saltation. The findings of this study help us to better understand the signal responses of the SPG system for different bedload transport modes, and may also contribute to an improvement of the procedure to determine bedload particle size from the SPG signal.
Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Sharkhai fault: a new source of seismic hazard for Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)
Authors: Al-Ashkar Abeer , Schlupp Antoine , Ferry Matthieu , Munkhuu Ulziibat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We present first constraints from tectonic geomorphology and
paleoseismology along the newly discovered Sharkhai fault near the capital
city of Mongolia. Detailed observations from high-resolution Pleiades
satellite images and field investigations allowed us to map the fault in
detail, describe its geometry and segmentation, characterize its kinematics,
and document its recent activity and seismic behavior (cumulative
displacements and paleoseismicity). The Sharkhai fault displays a surface
length of ∼ 40 km with a slightly arcuate geometry, and a
strike ranging from N42 to N72∘. It affects
numerous drainages that show left-lateral cumulative displacements reaching
94 m. Paleoseismic investigations document faulting and
depositional/erosional events for the last ∼ 3000 years and
reveal that the most recent event occurred between 775 and 1778 CE and
the penultimate earthquake occurred between 1605 and 835 BCE. The
resulting time interval of 2496 ± 887 years is the first constraint for
the Sharkhai fault for large earthquakes. On the basis of our mapping of the
surface rupture and the resulting segmentation analysis, we propose two
possible scenarios for large earthquakes with likely magnitudes of 6.7 ± 0.2 or 7.1 ± 0.7. Furthermore, we apply scaling laws to infer
coseismic slip values and derive preliminary estimates of long-term slip
rates. Finally, these data help build a comprehensive model of active faults
in that region and should be considered in the seismic hazard assessment for
the city of Ulaanbaatar.
Generating large-scale sea ice motion from Sentinel-1 and the RADARSAT Constellation Mission using the Environment and Climate Change Canada automated sea ice tracking system
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Brady Mike , Komarov Alexander S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. As Arctic sea ice extent continues to decline, remote sensing
observations are becoming even more vital for the monitoring and
understanding of sea ice. Recently, the sea ice community has entered a new
era of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites operating at C-band with
the launch of Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B (S1) in 2016 and the
RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) in 2019. These missions represent five
spaceborne SAR sensors that together routinely cover the pan-Arctic sea ice
domain. Here, we describe, apply, and validate the Environment and Climate
Change Canada automated sea ice tracking system (ECCC-ASITS) that routinely
generates large-scale sea ice motion (SIM) over the pan-Arctic domain using
SAR images from S1 and RCM. We applied the ECCC-ASITS to the incoming image
streams of S1 and RCM from March 2020 to October 2021 using a total of
135 471 SAR images and generated new SIM datasets (7 d 25 km and 3 d
6.25 km) by combining the image stream outputs of S1 and RCM (S1 + RCM).
Results indicate that S1 + RCM SIM provides more coverage in the Hudson Bay,
Davis Strait, Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, and directly over the North Pole
compared to SIM from S1 alone. Based on the resolvable S1 + RCM SIM grid
cells, the 7 d 25 km spatiotemporal scale is able to provide the most
complete picture of SIM across the pan-Arctic from SAR imagery alone, but
considerable spatiotemporal coverage is also available from 3 d 6.25 SIM
products. S1 + RCM SIM is resolved within the narrow channels and inlets of
the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, filling a major gap from coarser-resolution
sensors. Validating the ECCC-ASITS using S1 and RCM imagery against buoys
indicates a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.78 km for dry ice conditions
and 3.43 km for melt season conditions. Higher speeds are more apparent with
S1 + RCM SIM as comparison with the National Snow and Ice Data Center
(NSIDC) SIM product and the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility
(OSI SAF) SIM product indicated an RMSE of u=4.6 km d−1 and v=4.7 km d−1
for the NSIDC and u=3.9 km d−1 and v=3.9 km d−1 for OSI SAF. Overall,
our results demonstrate the robustness of the ECCC-ASITS for routinely
generating large-scale SIM entirely from SAR imagery across the pan-Arctic
domain.
APLIKASI BERBAGAI DOSIS BOKASHI DAN UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA
Authors: Baba Basri 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the vegetative growth of robusta coffee seedlings applied with bokashi and urea fertilizers. This research was conducted in Manggalung Village, Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from November 2020 to April 2021. This study was designed with a two-factor factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of bokashi fertilizer (b) 3 levels: 0g (b0), 100 g (b1), and 150 g (b2) and the second factor is the dose of Urea (u): 0 g u0), 10 g (u1), and 15 g (u2). All data obtained in the study were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of accuracy (0.1 and 0.5).
The results showed that with a dosage of 150 g / plant boca gave much better results and showed a very significant difference in plant height growth and number of leaves after the least significant difference (0.1%). Meanwhile, with the same dose of boca, namely 150 g (b2), it gave a good response to the increase in stem diameter. Therefore, the use of Boca fertilizer at a dose of 150 g gives good results on the vegetative growth of Robusta coffee seedlings.
PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK CAIR URIN KAMBING DENGAN PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao. L)
Authors: Isnaini Junyah Leli 
Published: March 2022

Survei Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kakao terhadap pengunaan pupuk cair urin kambing dengan penggunaan NPK majemuk bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan pengunaan pupuk cair urin kambing dengan pupuk padat NPK majemuk yang digunakan petani dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi tanaman kakaonya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode Purposive sampling, yaitu memilih secara sengaja petani yang menggunakan pupuk urin kambing dan NPK majemuk. Cara pengambilan sampel yaitu melakukan wawancara pada petani yang menggunakan pupuk urin dan pupuk NPK majemuk. Jumlah Petani sampel ada 6 orang (3 orang menggunakan pupuk urin kambing, 3 orang yang menggunakan pupuk NPK majemuk). Selain teknik wawancara, dilakukan survei lokasi untuk melihat secara langsung pertanaman kakao yang menggunakan ke dua pupuk tersebut dengan melihat berat biji per buah kakao dan bobot buah kakao. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan petani yang menggunakan pupuk cair urin kambing produksi buah kakao lebih meningkat dengan jumlah biji dalam buah lebih banyak, bobot biji lebih berat, dibandingkan dengan petani yang menggunakan Pupuk NPK majemuk.
Ayudantías universitarias: influencia académica percibida en el desempeño en el examen de residencias médicas municipales
Authors: Barrera Tomás , Cabana Nicolás , Bourguet Martín Emilio , Lacava Roberto , Baiocco Abril Karina , Angriman Federico , Astorquizaga Lucía , Cruz Cintia Valeria , Politi María Teresa 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria por parte de estudiantes de Medicina ofrecería múltiples beneficios. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de que mejore el desempeño en los exámenes estandarizados en el posgrado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la diferencia de los puntajes en el examen de residencias médicas municipales entre ayudantes y no ayudantes, y evaluar la autopercepción del efecto de ser ayudante sobre el desempeño en dicho examen y sobre las habilidades académicas.
Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un muestreo por conveniencia de médicos participantes del examen de residencias médicas municipales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) de 2018, a partir del listado oficial. Se excluyeron aquellos a quienes fue imposible contactar, que se negaran a participar o cuya identidad discrepara con la de la persona seleccionada para incluir en el estudio.
Resultados: de los 3579 médicos que concursaron en el examen de residencias médicas básicas municipales de CABA 2018, se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 300 sujetos, de los cuales se contactó a 87. De ellos, 20 sujetos cumplían con criterios de exclusión; por lo tanto fueron 67 sujetos los que finalmente participaron del estudio. La proporción de respuestas con respecto a los sujetos que pudieron ser contactados mediante redes sociales fue 77%. El puntaje de examen entre los ayudantes fue de 32,3 ± 5,7 puntos mientras que entre los no ayudantes fue 29,5 ± 6,1 puntos. Entre los ayudantes, el 68% informó percibir que el hecho de haber realizado una ayudantía en el pregrado tuvo un efecto de levemente a muy positivo sobre su desempeño en el examen, un 76% refirió la profundización de conocimientos específicos, el 73% informó una mejoría en sus habilidades comunicacionales y el 59% una mayor capacidad para jerarquizar contenidos.
Conclusión: el desarrollo de una actividad docente en el pregrado sería percibida por quienes la desarrollan como una actividad promotora de habilidades comunicacionales y de jerarquización de contenidos y, ulteriormente, como una influencia positiva en el desempeño académico en el examen de residencias médicas municipales. Estas conclusiones deben confirmarse con estudios futuros.
Pensar la enseñanza en escenarios híbridos, desafíos del año 2022
Authors: Delorenzi Erica , Berk Michelle 
Published: March 2022

Luego de dos años de pandemia y de virtualización de emergencia, el retorno a los espacios físicos de la enseñanza trae nuevos desafíos: clases presenciales, virtuales sincrónicas, asincrónicas y sus combinaciones. ¿Cómo aprovechar el potencial de cada modalidad y lo aprendido en estos años para diseñar propuestas híbridas valiosas?
La investigación clínica en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Grande Ratti María Florencia , Burgos Mariana A. 
Published: March 2022

Contamos nuestra experiencia educativa a distancia sobre investigación clínica durante la pandemia con residentes de Clínica Médica y estudiantes del programa ESIN (EStudiantes en INvestigación) y aprovechamos para repasar los criterios de autoría ICMJ (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors).
Problemas de epigrafía y teonimia local en el noroeste español: El dossier de Coso
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Manuel , González Rodríguez Mª Cruz 
Published: March 2022

Ofrecemos el repertorio depurado de las referencias epigráficas del teónimo Coso y sus variantes documentadas en las inscripciones religiosas de época altoimperial halladas en el conventus Lucensis y en el territorio español de los conventus Asturum y Bracaraugustanus. A partir del examen directo de los epígrafes llevamos a cabo un análisis epigráfico de cada inscripción y proponemos excluir cinco supuestas menciones de este teónimo hasta la fecha consideradas como seguras.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Dengan Lamikro Bagi Umkm Milenial
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Faisal Akbar Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Program kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan dengan lamikro ini adalah kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang ditujukan bagi pemilik UMKM Milenial. Lamikro merupakan sebuah aplikasi penyusunan laporan keuangan berbasis web dan android yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Koperasi dan UMKM Republik Indonesia.
Metode kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah dengan melakukan presentasi. Sasaran peserta kegiatan ini adalah pemilik UMKM milenial yakni pemilik UMKM generasi muda yang dicirikan dengan adanya kedekatan dengan teknologi. Kegiatan ini diikuti 17 pemilik UMKM generasi muda di Bangka Belitung. Mengingat masa pandemi, kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui platform meeting online dengan durasi kurang lebih 90 menit.
Kegiatan ini dievaluasi dengan memberikan lembar feedback kepada peserta diakhir acara melalui google form. Hasil menunjukkan 80% peserta memahami materi yang disampaikan, meskipun tingkat kepuasan peserta terhadap kegiatan ini baru mencapai 70%. Kegiatan ini harus langsung diimplementasikan dibandingkan dengan memberikan pelatihan. Pengguna memahami penggunaan namun belum tentu dapat mengimplementasikannya ke dalam kegiatan pembukuan
Keterlibatan Mahasiswa dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Terhadap Covid-19 di Desa Somagede, Banyumas
Authors: Oktaviani Uci Reza , Dharin Abu 
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 merupakan wabah penyakit yang berasal dari virus corona yang sekarang menjadi pusat perhatian seluruh negara di dunia karena proses penularan yang sangat cepat. Banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam memutus rantai persebaran Covid-19 seperti vaksin dan mengajak masyarakat untuk menaati protokol kesehatan 5M antara lain, memakai masker, mencuci tangan, menjaga jarak, menghindari kerumunan, dan mengurangi mobilitas. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Desa Somagede, Banyumas. Kasus positif di desa tersebut terbilang rendah, hanya saja kesadaran masyarakat untuk menaati protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi ini cukup rendah. Banyak masyarakat desa tersebut tidak memakai masker saat hendak pergi dari rumah. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya gerakan massif dari semua elemen masyarakat, salah satunya adalah mahasiswa yang berperan sebagai agent of change untuk berperan aktif membantu masyarakat di tengah pandemi. Adapun kegiatan yang di usung dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu melakukan sosialisasi protokol kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Terdapat beberapa program dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini antara lain, mengedukasi tentang cara mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar kepada anak-anak di daerah setempat, pembagian masker, bubur, dan pemasangan poster terkait protokol kesehatan di tiap rumah. Untuk metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan, yaitu mengidentifikasi potensi dengan menganalisis permasalahan yang ada di masyarkat, penyusunan program, observasi lapangan, dan sosialisai kegiatan. Dari adanya kegiatan sosialisasi ini membuat pengetahuan masyarakat akan pentingnya menjalankan protokol kesehatan bertambah.