bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trigger for RNA interference to silence essential genes in southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, demonstrates no lethal effects on pine‐associated nontarget insects
Authors: Hollowell Hannah , Wallace Mary , Rieske Lynne K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Environmental conditions associated with climate change are exacerbating pine mortality caused by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis), prompting investigations into innovative management strategies.
Triggering the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway using species‐specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence genes and cause mortality is effective in SPB and is an emerging technology for pest management, but specificity and safety must be demonstrated.
We evaluated three pine‐associates (the scolytine six‐spined ips, Ips calligraphus, a foliage feeding pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, and the detritivorous eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes), for transcriptome sequence overlap with the SPB dsRNA and performed bioassays to evaluate lethal and sublethal effects after dsRNA ingestion.
Genetic analyses revealed little overlap between dsRNA sequences and target gene orthologs, with only two matches found in I. calligraphus, the most closely related phylogenetically.
No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in any of the nontarget organisms evaluated, and changes in gene expression occurred only in I. calligraphus, but with no discernible effects on adult survival.
Our findings build on previous nontarget evaluations for SPB‐specific dsRNA in model insects and demonstrate that the use of RNAi as a component of an IPM strategy would not directly compromise commonly occurring non‐congeneric pine associates.
The economic impacts of COVID‐19 lockdown on low‐income older people in Thailand
Authors: Satchanawakul Napaphat , Kanchanachitra Manasigan , Liangruenrom Nucharapon , Satchanawakul Nattanee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the economic impacts of the COVID‐19 lockdown in Thailand on low‐income older people concerning their employment, household income and food security. The study also aimed to identify which socioeconomic characteristics of low‐income older Thais are at higher risk of being negatively affected and whether they can access state economic relief during the pandemic response in Thailand.MethodsEconomic, health and social well‐being questionnaires were completed by low‐income older Thais (n = 808) holding a State Welfare Card during the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized in the data analysis. All analyses were performed using Stata 15.ResultsThis study found that 62% of participants experienced a negative impact on their household income, 35% had a negative impact on employment and 20% had a negative impact on food security. However, the impact level depended upon their vulnerability before the pandemic. The study also reveals that older Thais who experienced a negative impact on household income could access monetary relief schemes from the government during the pandemic.ConclusionsThis study reveals the layers of economic vulnerability among the population of low‐income older Thais negatively affected by the 2020 lockdown. Despite the accessible state monetary relief, differential skills with the use of digital technology could create inequitable access to aid measures among older Thais. The findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to track changes in the economic impacts arising from subsequent waves of COVID‐19 on low‐income older people.
Cytokines, NK cells and regulatory T cell functions in normal pregnancy and reproductive failures
Authors: Rao Vyshnavi A. , Kurian Noble K. , Rao Kamini A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewPregnancy brings about an intricate assortment of dynamic changes, which causes proper connection of genetically discordant maternal and foetal tissues. Uterine NK cells are immune cells populating the endometrium and play a major role in implantation and also regulate placentation. This review mainly aims explore the role of uterine NK cells in implantation and how it is affecting in adverse pregnancy outcomes.Recent findingsThough the functions of uterine NK (uNK) cells are not clearly understood, NK cell activity plays a vital role during immunomodulation which is the main step in implantation and sustaining the early pregnancy. Cytokines, cell surface receptors of NK cells and hormones such as progesterone modulate the NK cell activity in turn affect the implantation of the embryo. Altered NK cell activity (number and functionality) would be an important attributing factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, T regulatory cells and cytokines also modulate the immune responses in the decidua which in turn contributes to successful implantation of embryos.SummaryImmunological responses and interactions in the Foetus‐maternal interface is crucial in the successful implantation of allogenic foetus resulting in a healthy pregnancy. NK cells, Treg cells and cytokines play a major role in successful implantation which remains an enigma. Comprehending pregnancy‐induced immunological changes at the foetus‐maternal interface will allow newer therapeutic strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Increased HLA class II risk is associated with a more aggressive presentation of clinical type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kieleväinen Vilma , Turtinen Maaret , Luopajärvi Kristiina , Härkönen Taina , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael ,   Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the association of HLA class II risk with the demographic and clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes at diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a register‐based retrospective cohort study of 4993 Finnish children (2169 girls) – diagnosed with type 1 diabetes under the age of 15 years in 2003–2016. The participants were divided into six risk groups based on their HLA DR/DQ genotype. Demographic characteristics, family history of type 1 diabetes and metabolic markers at the time of diagnosis were compared between the groups.ResultsIn total, 4056/4993 children (81.2%) carried an HLA genotype associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (risk groups 3–5), whereas 937/4993 children (18.8%) carried a HLA genotype conferring no or decreased disease risk. Children with higher HLA risk were younger at diagnosis (p < 0.001) and had a shorter duration of classical symptoms before diagnosis (p = 0.016). Subjects in the high‐risk group were more likely to have a family member affected by type 1 diabetes when compared to those in the neutral risk group (11.5% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.05).ConclusionChildren with stronger HLA disease susceptibility are younger at their disease manifestation and have a shorter period of symptoms before diagnosis, suggesting that the HLA class II genes are associated with a more aggressive disease presentation.
Perceptions of corporate communication on debated social issues
Authors: Parcha Joshua M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCorporations are increasingly engaging in corporate social advocacy (CSA) by communicating on social issues that are controversial and contemporary and not necessarily linked to the corporations' business activities. The purpose of this study is to understand the desirability of CSA: Should corporations be communicating on these debated social issues, and to what extent? Using the online sampling platform Qualtrics, participants (N = 699, located in the United States and 18–35 years old) responded to a survey asking them how they perceived corporate communication on debated social issues. Findings indicate that participants view corporate communication on debated social issues as something that corporations should be engaging in, that this communication is helpful in solving these debated social issues, and that corporations should be the leaders in changing how society thinks about these debated social issues. At the same time, individuals do not trust the moral compass of corporations. Findings also show that certain corporate sectors (e.g., Health Care) should communicate more than other sectors (e.g., Chemicals), certain corporate characteristics (e.g., Reputation) matter more than other corporate characteristics (e.g., Size), and certain topics (e.g., Race Relations) should be discussed more than other topics (e.g., Confederate Flag Use). The implications, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Cerebrospinal fluid soluble programmed death‐ligand 1 is a useful prognostic biomarker in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Chieh‐Lung , Yao Chi‐Yuan , Huang Po‐Hao , Yu Chih‐Wei , Fang Wei‐Quan , Chuang Wen‐Hui , Wu Shang‐Ju , Lin Yu‐Jen , Hung Yu‐Chin , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Yu Shan‐Chi , Chou Wen‐Chien , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe increased expression of programmed death‐ligands 1 and 2 (PD‐L1 and PD‐L2, respectively) on tumour cells contributes to immune evasion, suggesting that these proteins are attractive therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble PD‐L1 (sPD‐L1) and soluble PD‐L2 (sPD‐L2) as biomarkers for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We determined the CSF concentrations of sPD‐L1 and sPD‐L2 in 46 patients with PCNSL using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A control group comprised 153 patients with other brain tumours, inflammatory/infectious status, or neurodegenerative diseases. Only CSF sPD‐L1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PCNSL relative to the controls. CSF sPD‐L1 also exhibited superior overall discrimination performance compared to CSF sPD‐L2 in diagnosing PCNSL. Compared with patients with PCNSL with low CSF sPD‐L1 levels, more patients with high levels had high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, leptomeningeal involvement, and deep‐brain involvement. Furthermore, CSF sPD‐L1 could predict poor survival in PCNSL but CSF sPD‐L2 could not. Intriguingly, CSF sPD‐L1 levels were correlated with disease status and their dynamic changes post treatment could predict time to relapse. In conclusion, this study identified CSF sPD‐L1 as a promising prognostic biomarker, indicating a therapeutic potential of PD‐L1 blockade in PCNSL.
Behavioral models of hydrothermal regulation in anurans: A field study in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Ortega‐Chinchilla Jesús Eduardo , Cabanzo‐Olarte Laura Camila , Vaz Renata , Lamadrid‐Feris Faride , Bevier Catherine Robb , Navas Carlos A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnurans rely on different microhabitats and microclimates for hydro‐thermoregulation, which is an important physiological property for locomotor performance, body temperature, water flux, and pathogen defense. We ask whether microhabitat scouting is related to physiological states, specifically if microhabitat choice benefits the production of behavioral fever (e.g., increasing body temperature by selecting warmer places) or sickness behavior (e.g., inactivity and anorexia). We investigated how thermoregulatory behaviors affect hydro‐thermoregulation in anurans, using agar models as a sampling unit, simulating four behaviors related to behavioral fever and sickness behavior. We compared the models' hydro‐thermal balance in two different environments (wet and transitional forests). We showed that the wet forest was warmer and more stable than transitional forest and the agar models in the wet forest were warmer. Still, the four behavioral simulations exhibited similar average temperatures during the five‐day study period in both forests. However, the apathetic behavior models had the lowest daily temperatures. The percentage hydration across models was higher in the wet forest, and daily variation in water loss for each behavioral simulation was higher in the transitional forest. Nevertheless, when limiting the analysis to the warmest times (1000–1600 h), apathetic behavior models lost less water than the others in both forests. We showed that different forests provide microclimatic variation for understory anurans, but different thermoregulatory behaviors may lead to similar body temperatures. Therefore, the Atlantic Forest offers different microclimates and thermoregulation options for anurans, as some species could develop behavioral fever while others demonstrate sickness behavior.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Generic Language for Social and Animal Kinds: An Examination of the Asymmetry Between Acceptance and Inferences
Authors: Cella Federico , Marchak Kristan A. , Bianchi Claudia , Gelman Susan A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenerics (e.g., “Ravens are black”) express generalizations about categories or their members. Previous research found that generics about animals are interpreted as broadly true of members of a kind, yet also accepted based on minimal evidence. This asymmetry is important for suggesting a mechanism by which unfounded generalizations may flourish; yet, little is known whether this finding extends to generics about groups of people (heretofore, “social generics”). Accordingly, in four preregistered studies (n = 665), we tested for an inferential asymmetry for generics regarding novel groups of animals versus people. Participants were randomly assigned to either an Implied Prevalence task (given a generic, asked to estimate the prevalence of a property) or a Truth‐Conditions task (given prevalence information, asked whether a generic was true or false). A generic asymmetry was found in both domains, at equivalent levels. The asymmetry also extended to properties varying in valence (dangerous and neutral). Finally, there were differences as a function of property valence in the Implied Prevalence task and a small but consistent interaction between domain and prevalence in the Truth‐Conditions task. We discuss the implications of these results for the semantics of generics, theoretical accounts of the asymmetry, and the relation between generics and stereotyping.
A Hands‐On Approach to Learning: Gesture Production During Encoding and its Effect on Narrative Recall
Authors: Bharadwaj Avni , Dargue Nicole , Sweller Naomi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch has shown that gesture production supports learning across a number of tasks. It is unclear, however, whether gesture production during encoding can support narrative recall, who gesture production benefits most, and whether certain types of gestures are more beneficial than others. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of gesture production during the encoding of a narrative on subsequent narrative recall, and whether individuals’ levels of verbal and nonverbal memory moderated this effect. Additionally, this study investigated whether producing certain types of gestures during encoding was more beneficial than others. Participants (N = 90, Mage = 20.43) read aloud a narrative while under instruction to produce gestures, under no specific instruction to produce gestures, or were required to keep their hands behind their back to prevent them from gesturing. Participants completed measures assessing verbal and nonverbal memory. While gesture production during encoding benefitted narrative recall (as measured through specific questions), verbal memory moderated the effect, such that gesture production was more beneficial for individuals with higher than lower verbal memory. Furthermore, producing representational gestures during encoding benefitted recall of points in the narrative at which those gestures were produced, while beat gestures had no effect. Findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the links between gesture and learning, as well as practical implications in instructional settings.
Leveraging the future of diagnosis and management of diabetes: From old indexes to new technologies
Authors: Meneses Maria João , Patarrão Rita Susana , Pinheiro Tomás , Coelho Inês , Carriço Nuno , Marques Ana Carolina , Romão Artur , Nabais João , Fortunato Elvira , Raposo João Filipe , Macedo Maria Paula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. However, glycemia and glycated hemoglobin have been the focus of diabetes diagnosis and management for the last decades. As diabetes management goes far beyond glucose control, it has become clear that assessment of other biochemical parameters gives a much wider view of the metabolic state of each individual, enabling a precision medicine approach.MethodsIn this review, we summarize and discuss indexes that have been used in epidemiological studies and in the clinical practice.ResultsIndexes of insulin secretion, sensitivity/resistance and metabolism have been developed and validated over the years to account also with insulin, C‐peptide, triglycerides or even anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, each one has their own objective and consequently, advantages and disadvantages for specific cases. Thus, we discuss how new technologies, namely new sensors but also new softwares/applications, can improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes, both for healthcare professionals but also for caretakers and, importantly, to promote the empowerment of people living with diabetes.ConclusionsIn long‐term, the solution for a better diabetes management would be a platform that allows to integrate all sorts of relevant information for the person with diabetes and for the healthcare practitioners, namely glucose, insulin and C‐peptide or, in case of need, other parameters/indexes at home, sometimes more than once a day. This solution would allow a better and simpler disease management, more adequate therapeutics thereby improving patients' quality of life and reducing associated costs.
A labor‐saving marking and sampling technique for mark‐release‐recapture research
Authors: Hagler James R. , Casey Miles T. , Hull Allya M. , Machtley Scott A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA marking and recapture sampling method was developed that shows promise for studying the dispersal behavior of small and delicate arthropods. Adult sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were externally marked with a liquid fluorophore that glows brightly under ultraviolet (UV) light. Then, a series of simulated recapture tests on fluorophore‐marked whiteflies using yellow sticky cards were conducted. The marked whiteflies captured on the sticky cards were detected by direct visual inspection of photographs taken of the cards under white light and UV light. Whitefly counts taken under white and UV light were almost identical, implying high marking efficacy and visual distinctiveness. These results suggest that this fluorophore marking and sampling method could eliminate the tedious task of removing specimens from sticky cards and examining them individually for the presence of a mark.
Teacher intention to transfer ICT training when integrating digital technologies in education: The teacher transfer of ICT training model (TeTra‐ICT)
Authors: Perifanou Maria A. , Tzafilkou Katerina , Economides Anastasios A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to propose a new structural model for how teachers transfer their ICT training (TeTra‐ICT), shedding light on the factors that tend to affect their intention to integrate digital technologies in educational practices as well as train their colleagues. The proposed model exploits training programme design characteristics and ICT‐related individual factors. A total of 117 new ICT instructors for primary and secondary education teachers in Greece were evaluated. The instructors participated in a national Teacher Training Programme on applying ICT in education. Results indicate significant effects of individual (ICT‐related self‐efficacy in teaching) and programme design characteristics (platform's ease of use, support, content, and resources) on the teachers' final motivation and intention to transfer their ICT knowledge and skills. The model also reveals significant correlations between individual and training characteristics, the teachers' post‐training self‐efficacy for transferring skills and their perception of the usefulness of the training programme. The examined constructs explain 86% of the variance in teacher intentions to transfer their ICT knowledge and skills, and 72% of their perception of the usefulness of the training programme. Interestingly, while there were no gender differences in individual ICT‐related characteristics, women expressed significantly higher values than men in their perception of the usefulness of training, self‐efficacy, motivation, and intention to transfer.
Recruitment of inhibitory neuronal pathways regulating dopaminergic activity for the control of cocaine seeking
Authors: Wilczkowski Michał , Karwowska Karolina , Kielbinski Michal , Zajda Katarzyna , Pradel Kamil , Drwięga Gniewosz , Rajfur Zenon , Blasiak Tomasz , Przewlocki Ryszard , Solecki Wojciech B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrug seeking is associated with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic (DA) activity. Previously, we have shown that brief optogenetic inhibition of VTA DA neurons with 1 s pulses delivered every 9 s attenuates cocaine seeking under extinction conditions in rats without producing overt signs of dysphoria or locomotor sedation. Whether recruitment of neuronal pathways inhibiting VTA neuronal activity would suppress drug seeking remains unknown. Here, we asked if optogenetic stimulation of the lateral habenula (LHb) efferents in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) as well as RMTg efferents in VTA would reduce drug seeking. To investigate this, we measured how recruitment of elements of this inhibitory pathway affects cocaine seeking in male rats under extinction conditions. The effectiveness of brief optogenetic manipulations was confirmed electrophysiologically at the level of electrical activity of VTA DA neurons. Real‐time conditioned place aversion (RT‐CPA) and open field tests were performed to control for potential dysphoric/sedating effects of brief optogenetic stimulation of LHb‐RMTg‐VTA circuitry. Optogenetic stimulation of either RMTg or LHb inhibited VTA DAergic neuron firing, whereas similar stimulation of RMTg efferents in VTA or LHb efferents in RMTg reduced cocaine seeking under extinction conditions. Moreover, stimulation of LHb‐RMTg efferents produced an effect that was maintained 24 h later, during cocaine seeking test without stimulation. This effect was specific, as brief optogenetic stimulation did not affect locomotor activity and was not aversive. Our results indicate that defined inhibitory pathways can be recruited to inhibit cocaine seeking, providing potential new targets for non‐pharmacological treatment of drug craving.
Meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient: Case report
Authors: Martinez‐Poles Javier , Saldaña‐Díaz Ana Isabel , Esteban Jaime , Lara‐Almunia Mónica , Vizarreta Figueroa Anthony Tito , Martín‐Gil Leticia , Cebrián‐Escudero José , Fernández‐Ferro José 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe first case of meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient is reported. Clinical and radiological characteristics are described, as well as the treatment and prognosis of the patient.