bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midazolam, methamphetamine, morphine and nicotine intake in high‐drinking‐in‐the‐dark mice
Authors: Savarese Antonia M. , Metten Pamela , Phillips Tamara J. , Jensen Bryan E. , Crabbe John C. , Ozburn Angela R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high‐drinking‐in‐the‐dark (HDID) lines of mice were selectively bred for achieving high blood alcohol levels in the drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) task and have served as a unique genetic risk model for binge‐like alcohol intake. However, little is known about their willingness to consume other addictive drugs. Here, we examined (a) whether the HDID‐1 and HDID‐2 lines of mice would voluntarily consume midazolam, methamphetamine, morphine and nicotine in a DID test and (b) whether the HDID lines differ from their founders, heterogeneous stock/Northport (HS/NPT), in consumption levels of these drugs at the concentrations tested. Separate groups of HDID‐1, HDID‐2 and HS/NPT mice were given 4 days of access to each drug, using the single‐bottle, limited‐access DID paradigm. Male and female mice of both HDID lines consumed all four offered drugs. We observed no genotype differences in 40 μg/ml methamphetamine intake, but significant differences in nicotine, midazolam and morphine intake. Both HDID lines drank significantly more (150 μg/ml) midazolam than their founders, providing strong support for a shared genetic contribution to binge ethanol and midazolam intake. HDID‐2 mice, but not HDID‐1 mice, consumed more morphine (700 μg/ml) and more nicotine across a range of concentrations than HS/NPT mice. These results demonstrate that the HDID mice can be utilized for tests of voluntary drug consumption other than ethanol and highlight potentially important differences between HDID lines in risk for elevated drug intake.
Skull of the Asian (Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus) and the golden (Paradoxurus Zeylonensis) palm civet: Geometric morphometric analysis using palate, tooth and frontal landmarks
Authors: Gürbüz İftar , Demiraslan Yasin , Rajapakse Channa , Weerakoon Devaka K. , Fernando Saminda , Spataru Mihaela‐Claudia , Gündemir Ozan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the differences in skull between Asian and golden palm civets by geometric morphometric method. The landmarks were marked on these photographs, and principal component, classical cluster and canonical variance analyses were performed. The method of geometric morphometry of the skull is a powerful tool used to differentiate the species. Fourteen and 20 homologous landmarks were marked using tpsutil and tpsdig2 programs on the frontal and palatinal directional photographs, respectively. As a result of the study, the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 33.586% on the frontal view, 41.602% on the palatinal view of the total shape differences, respectively. Distinctive differences on the frontal and palatinal view were observed in the caudal, rostrolateral and the last molars and the caudal palatine, respectively.
Effect of ambient temperature on average daily gain of pigs evaluated using public weather data and a plateau‐linear regression model
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Ohnishi Chika , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe performed a plateau‐linear regression model analysis of the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs on daily average temperature at the end of performance testing (T). Records for performance testing between 30 kg and 105 kg of 2268 purebred Duroc pigs raised at the National Livestock Breeding Center Miyazaki Station were used. Off‐farm ambient temperatures were measured at the nearest Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System station at Kobayashi, Miyazaki (Kobayashi station). A plateau‐linear regression equation was obtained in which ADG decreased by 12.6 g for every 1°C when T > 21.1°C. We calculated the expected age in day at the end of testing (D105) using the regression equation obtained and T observed at the Kobayashi station in 2020. The number of days that D105 was prolonged due to higher T was 125 days, corresponding to approximately one third of the year. These results could contribute to planning and management of stable pork production in response to heat in Japan.
Pharmacology, particle deposition and drug administration techniques of intranasal corticosteroids for treating allergic rhinitis
Authors: Rollema Corine , van Roon Eric N. , van Boven Job F. M. , Hagedoorn Paul , Klemmeier Titia , Kocks Janwillem H. , Metting Esther I. , Oude Elberink Hanneke N. G. , Peters Thomas T. A. , San Giorgi Michel R. M. , de Vries Tjalling W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the available literature regarding intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Various treatment options exist for AR including INCs, antihistamines and leucotriene antagonists. INCs are considered to be the most effective therapy for moderate‐to‐severe AR, as they are effective against nasal and ocular symptoms and improve quality of life. Their safety has been widely observed. INCs are effective and safe for short‐term use. Local adverse events are observed but generally well‐tolerated. The occurrence of (serious) systemic adverse events is unlikely but cannot be ruled out. There is a lack of long‐term safety data. INC may cause serious eye complications. The risk of INCs on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, on bone mineral density reduction or osteoporosis and on growth in children, should be considered during treatment. Pharmacological characteristics of INCs (e.g. the mode of action and pharmacokinetics) are well known and described. We sought to gain insight into whether specific properties affect the efficacy and safety of INCs, including nasal particle deposition, which the administration technique affects. However, advances are lacking regarding the improved understanding of the effect of particle deposition on efficacy and safety and the effect of the administration technique. This review emphasizes the gaps in knowledge regarding this subject. Advances in research and health care are necessary to improve care for patients with AR.
Subgroup mining for performance analysis of regression models
Authors: Pimentel João , Azevedo Paulo J. , Torgo Luís 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMachine learning algorithms have shown several advantages compared to humans, namely in terms of the scale of data that can be analysed, delivering high speed and precision. However, it is not always possible to understand how algorithms work. As a result of the complexity of some algorithms, users started to feel the need to ask for explanations, boosting the relevance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence. This field aims to explain and interpret models with the use of specific analytical methods that usually analyse how their predicted values and/or errors behave. While prediction analysis is widely studied, performance analysis has limitations for regression models. This paper proposes a rule‐based approach, Error Distribution Rules (EDRs), to uncover atypical error regions, while considering multivariate feature interactions without size restrictions. Extracting EDRs is a form of subgroup mining. EDRs are model agnostic and a drill‐down technique to evaluate regression models, which consider multivariate interactions between predictors. EDRs uncover regions of the input space with deviating performance providing an interpretable description of these regions. They can be regarded as a complementary tool to the standard reporting of the expected average predictive performance. Moreover, by providing interpretable descriptions of these specific regions, EDRs allow end users to understand the dangers of using regression tools for some specific cases that fall on these regions, thaṯ is, they improve the accountability of models. The performance of several models from different problems was studied, showing that our proposal allows the analysis of many situations and direct model comparison. In order to facilitate the examination of rules, two visualization tools based on boxplots and density plots were implemented. A network visualization tool is also provided to rapidly check interactions of every feature condition. An additional tool is provided by using a grid of boxplots, where comparison between quartiles of every distribution with a reference is performed. Based on this comparison, an extrapolation of counterfactual examples to regression was also implemented. A set of examples is described, including a setting where regression models performance is compared in detail using EDRs. Specifically, the error difference between two models in a dataset is studied by deriving rules highlighting regions of the input space where model performance difference is unexpected. The application of visual tools is illustrated using EDRs examples derived from public available datasets. Also, case studies illustrating the specialization of subgroups, identification of counter factual subgroups and detecting unanticipated complex models are presented. This paper extends the state of the art by providing a method to derive explanations for model performance instead of explanations for model predictions.
Experimental and computational investigation of fretting fatigue characterized by nominal contact pressure in dovetail structures
Authors: Guo Kaiwen , Li Jia , Cao Hang , Yuan Huang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present work is aimed at establishing an engineering design method for fretting fatigue based on experimental and computational investigation of dovetail structures made of nickel‐based superalloy. Severe stress gradients and surface wear damage make fretting fatigue difficult to be assessed based on conventional fatigue life models. With the help of detailed experimental investigations and finite element computations, a fretting fatigue life model based on the nominal pressure on the dovetail contact surfaces was related to the nonlocal multiaxial fatigue analysis. The derived fretting design method based on the nominal pressure shows a life prediction distribution within the double‐scatter band and agrees with experiments fairly well. The present model provides an efficient and easy‐to‐use design method for engineering applications.
Legal land transfer rights, labor migration and urban–rural income disparity: Evidence from the implementation of China's Rural Land Contracting Law in 2003
Authors: Xie Dongshui , Bai Caiquan , Yan Hong , Song Weixuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLegal land transfer rights are the core of farmers' land property rights. This paper examines the urban‐rural income distribution effect of legal land transfer rights, revealing the reasons and mechanisms for legal land transfer rights to reduce the urban‐rural income disparity. Theoretical analysis shows that granting farmers legal land transfer rights and enhancing the protection of land transfer rights can help promote rural labor migration, thereby reducing the urban‐rural income disparity. This study uses panel data of prefecture‐level and above cities in China from 1999 to 2008 to examine the implementation of China's Rural Land Contracting Law in 2003 as a quasi‐natural experiment to construct a difference‐in‐differences (DID) model for the empirical test. The findings reveal that legal land transfer rights can effectively promote rural labor migration and reduce the urban‐rural income disparity due to labor migration. This paper's analysis provides a perspective for understanding the integrated development of urban and rural areas in developing countries. It indicates that guaranteeing farmers' land transfer rights is important for reducing urban‐rural income disparity, leading to urban‐rural integrated development.
A Generic Closed‐Loop Contaminant Treatment System Package for MODFLOW 6
Authors: White Jeremy T. , Ewing John E. , Ruskauff Greg , Rashid Helal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a contaminant treatment system (CTS) package for MODFLOW 6 that facilitates the simulation of pump‐and‐treat systems for groundwater remediation. Using the “nonintrusive” MODFLOW 6 application programming interface (API) capability, the CTS package can balance flows between extraction and injection wells within the outer flow solution loop and applies blended concentration/mass treatment efficiency within the outer transport solution loop. The former can be important when the requested extraction rate cannot be satisfied by the current simulated groundwater system conditions, while the latter can be important for simulating incomplete/imperfect treatment schemes. Furthermore, the CTS package allows users to temporally vary all aspects of a simulated CTS system, including the configuration and location of injection and extraction wells, and the CTS efficiency. This flexibility combined with the API‐based implementation provide a generic and general CTS package that can be applied across the wide range of MODFLOW 6 simulation options and that evolves in step with MODFLOW 6 code modifications and advancements without needing to update the CTS package itself.
Efficacy of 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash as an adjunct to toothbrushing compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A randomized control trial
Authors: Oo Mon Mon Tin , Oo Phyoe Htut , Saddki Norkhafizah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study determined the efficacy of alcohol‐free 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash as an adjunct to twice‐daily toothbrushing in comparison with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) mouthwash and a placebo in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. The side effects of the mouthwashes were also determined.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind, parallel, randomized control trial was conducted with 219 university students who were divided into three trial groups using block randomization: CPC, CHX and placebo groups. Clinical oral examinations to assess dental plaque accumulation (modified Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index), gingival health (Löe and Silness Gingival Index) and tooth staining (modified Lobene Stain Index) were performed at baseline and at 6 weeks.ResultsPlaque and gingivitis scores were not significantly different among participants at baseline. After 6 weeks, plaque and gingivitis scores between the CPC and placebo groups and between the CHX and placebo groups were found to be significantly different. However, there was no significant difference between the CPC and CHX groups. The staining scores of participants in the CPC group were lower than those in the CHX group, but the difference was not significant. Taste alteration and numbness were more common among participants in the CHX group than in the CPC group. No significant difference in the perception of a burning sensation was observed.ConclusionsThe 0.05% CPC mouthwash was as efficient as 0.12% CHX mouthwash in reducing dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation with fewer side effects, supporting its use as an adjunct to toothbrushing.
Regenerative endodontic therapy for external inflammatory lateral resorption following traumatic dental injuries: Evidence assessment of best practices
Authors: Lin Shaul , Moreinos Daniel , Wisblech Dekel , Rotstein Ilan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundExternal inflammatory lateral resorption (EILR) following dental trauma is a severe complication that can lead to significant root loss and tooth extraction.ObjectiveThe aim of this project was to review current evidence in the literature on regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) for EILR following traumatic injuries and assess the best treatment practices.MethodsPublications appearing in PubMed, from January 1, 2001 to January 9, 2022 were studied. Inclusion criteria were: (a) Publications in English; (b) Publications on RET and EILR; (c) Teeth subjected to dental trauma; and (d) Presence of intracanal bleeding and blood clots. Exclusion criteria were: (a) Conference proceedings; (b) Lectures; (c) Abstracts; and (d) Letters to editor; (e) Non‐English publications.Results355 publications were analysed. Nine met all inclusion criteria. In 10 (58.8%) teeth, triple antibiotic paste was used for an average of 26 days. Double antibiotic paste was used in 3 (17.6%) teeth for an average of 14 days. In 3 (17.6%) cases, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was used for 14 days and negative pressure irrigation was applied once on 1 (6%) tooth.DiscussionUsing RET to treat EILR has some advantages compared to long term CA(OH)2 dressing. RET requires shorter dressing time compared to CA(OH)2. This can significantly improve patient compliance. Additionally, in immature teeth, RET helps to arrest root resorption leading to continued root maturogenesis and revascularization. It is recommended that a meticulous follow‐up should be conducted when RET is performed to assure early detection of treatment failure.ConclusionsRET appears to be a good treatment modality producing biologic repair and improving prognosis in cases of EILR in post‐traumatic tooth/pulp injuries. The key limitation of this study is that all publications included were either case reports or case series that usually tend to report successful outcome.
Emerging non‐thermal technologies for enhanced quality and safety of fruit juices
Authors: Nonglait Donald Lyngdoh , Chukkan Salman M. , Arya S. S. , Bhat Mohmad Sayeed , Waghmare Roji 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe importance of healthy foods has widely grown with consumers' rising demand and is an excellent area of interest for the food industry to improve global health status and provide sustainable economic prosperity. Fruit juices are immunity‐boosting foods loaded with bio‐actives, offering functional and physiological benefits. While fruit juice processing is a crucial determiner of juice quality, the employed technologies should meet the global sustainable development goals. This fact has elevated the emergence of innovative minimal‐processing techniques. These technologies aim at retaining phytochemicals and nutrients while destroying pathogenic microorganisms and deactivating enzymatic activity, thereby extending the shelf‐life of fruit juices.
Analyses of operative time according to procedure phases during robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the iPhone application “My Intuitives”
Authors: Takagi Toshio , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Fukuda Hironori , Kobari Yuki , Iizuka Junpei 
Published: August 2022

PurposeWe investigated operative time according to procedure phases in robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and identify variables associated with longer operative time in each procedure phase.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center study included 108 patients who underwent RAPN conducted by an experienced surgeon. Operative time was divided into dissection, resection, tumor bed suture, and renorrhaphy and hemostasis phases, which were derived from the iPhone application “My Intuitives.” Multivariate analyses were performed to identify possible predictors such as sex, body mass index, tumor complexity, and surgical approach for longer operative time in each phase.ResultsThe median console time was 65 min, and median operative times in dissection, resection, tumor bed suture, and renorrhaphy and hemostasis phases were 41, 8, 9, and 8 min, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, longer console time was observed in high complexity tumors (vs. low, OR: 8.01, 95% CI: 1.94–33.0) and transperitoneal approach (vs. retroperitoneal approach, OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.94–33.0). High complexity tumors were significantly associated with longer operative time in all procedure phases, and the male sex was associated with a longer operative time in the dissection phase than the female sex (OR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.18–11.0).ConclusionThe identified significant predictive factors associated with longer operative time were the male sex and high complexity in the dissection phase, high complexity in the resection phase, in the tumor bed suture phase as well as in the renorrhaphy and hemostasis phase. These findings may help to predict the difficulty of performing RAPN in terms of operative time.
Science Communication, Cultural Cognition, and the Pull of Epistemic Paternalism
Authors: Davies Alex 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThere is a correlation between positions taken on some scientific questions and political leaning. One way to explain this correlation is the cultural cognition hypothesis (CCH): people's political leanings are causing them to process evidence to maintain fixed answers to the questions, rather than to seek the truth. Another way is the different background belief hypothesis (DBBH): people of different political leanings have different background beliefs which rationalize different positions on these scientific questions. In this article, I argue for two things. I argue that two attempts by proponents of the CCH to discredit the DBBH fail. And I argue that this matters, because while the CCH makes epistemic paternalistic interventions seem called for (as some philosophers have argued compellingly), the DBBH does not. The DBBH makes it much easier to stay closer to an ideal of deliberative democracy.
Modelling urban sewer flooding and quantitative microbial risk assessment: A critical review
Authors: Addison‐Atkinson William , Chen Albert S. , Memon Fayyaz A. , Chang Tsang‐Jung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModelling urban inundation and its associated health implications is numerous in its many applications. Flood modelling research contains a broad wealth of material, and microbial risk assessment has gained more popularity over the last decade. However, there is still a relative lack of understanding of how the microbial risk can be quantified from urban sewer flooding. This article intends to review the literature encompassing contemporary urban flood modelling approaches. Hydrodynamic and microbial models that can be applied for quantitative microbial risk assessment will be discussed. Consequently, urban sewer flooding will be the focus. This review found that the literature contains a variety of different hazards posed by urban flooding. Yet, far fewer examples encompass microbial risk from sewer system exceedance. To date, there is no evidence of a perfect model or technique, to carry out a quantitative microbial risk assessment from hydrodynamic simulations. The literature details many different methods. We intend to detail the advantages and limitations of each method. Along similar lines, hydraulic data constitutes a large part of the uncertainty which is inherent to this research field. Many studies in the literature detail data paucity and uncertainty in input data. As such, any advancement in this discipline will very likely aid future research.