bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven snail species hidden in one: Biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean
Authors: González‐Wevar Claudio A. , Segovia Nicolás I. , Rosenfeld Sebastián , Maturana Claudia S. , Jeldres Vanessa , Pinochet Ramona , Saucède Thomas , Morley Simon A. , Brickle Paul , Wilson Nerida G. , Spencer Hamish G. , Poulin Elie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current imparts significant structure to the Southern Ocean biota. The Antarctic Polar Front is a major barrier to dispersal, with separate species (or sometimes intraspecific clades) normally occurring either side of this feature. We examined the biogeographic structure of an apparent exception to this rule in a widespread genus of the Southern Ocean, the periwinkle snail, Laevilitorina.LocationSouthern Ocean.TaxonLittorinidae, Laevilitorininae, Laevilitorina.MethodsUsing 750 specimens from 16 Southern Ocean Laevilitorina populations across >8000 km, we analysed mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S sequences to uncover the evolutionary history of these marine near‐shore snails. We utilized multi‐locus phylogenetic reconstructions, species‐delimitation analyses, divergence‐time estimations and geometric morphometrics.ResultsMolecular data revealed that the widespread nominal species L. caliginosa comprises seven species‐level clades, all supported by morphological data, whereas the Antarctic nominal species L. antarctica, L. claviformis and L. umbilicata are conspecific. Six “caliginosa” clades are restricted to southern South America, but one lineage extends from Antarctica to distant sub‐Antarctic islands on both sides of the APF. Geometric morphometrics also identified significant differences among these clades, but uncoupled from genetic differentiation.Main conclusionsThe apparent trans‐APF distribution of the poorly dispersing Laevilitorina caliginosa is largely illusory: this taxon consists of at least seven discrete species, only one of which has a trans‐APF distribution. Similar to most Laevilitorina species, the remaining six “caliginosa” clades are narrow endemics. Biogeographical patterns in Laevilitorina reflect the role of vicariance associated with geological processes together with recent long‐distance dispersal events. Laevilitorina originated near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and diversified during the Miocene and the Pliocene. Laevilitorina is not a cryptic‐species complex: speciation was accompanied by hitherto unrecognized morphological differentiation. This study represents the most detailed molecular work on Southern‐Ocean littorinids and reveals unforeseen diversity across this globally important region.
Decrease of MtDNA copy number affects mitochondrial function and involves in the pathological consequences of ischaemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Zhaojing , Yang Dongzhi , Zhou Baixue , Luan Yingying , Yao Qihui , Liu Yang , Yang Shangdong , Jia Jing , Xu Yan , Bie Xiaoshuai , Wang Yuanli , Li Zhihao , Li Aifan , Zheng Hong , He Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mtDNA copy number can affect the function of mitochondria and play an important role in the development of diseases. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of mtDNA copy number variation and its effects in IS. The specific mechanism of mtDNA copy number variation is still unclear. In this study, mtDNA copy number of 101 IS patients and 101 normal controls were detected by qRT‐PCR, the effect of D‐loop variation on mtDNA copy number of IS patients was explored. Then, a TFAM gene KD‐OE PC12 cell model was constructed to explore the effect of mtDNA copy number variation on mitochondrial function. The results showed that the mtDNA copy number level of the IS group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of TFAM gene mRNA in the cells of the OGD/R treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, after TFAM gene knockdown and over‐expression plasmids were transfected into HEK 293T cells, mtDNA copy number and ATP production level of Sh‐TFAM transfection group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while mtDNA copy number and ATP production level of OE‐TFAM transfected group were significantly higher than that of blank control group and OE‐ctrl negative control group (p < 0.01). Our study demonstrated that mitochondrial D‐loop mutation and TFAM gene dysfunction can cause the decrease of mtDNA copy number, thus affecting the mitochondrial metabolism and function of nerve cells, participating in the pathological damage mechanism of IS.
A comprehensive prognostic tool for older adults: Predicting death, ADL disability, and walking disability simultaneously
Authors: Lee Alexandra K. , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Boscardin W. John , Smith Alexander K. , Lee Sei J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany clinical and financial decisions for older adults depend on the future risk of disability and mortality. Prognostic tools for long‐term disability risk in a general population are lacking. We aimed to create a comprehensive prognostic tool that predicts the risk of mortality, of activities of daily living (ADL) disability, and walking disability simultaneously using the same set of variables.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal analysis of the nationally‐representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We included community‐dwelling adults aged ≥70 years who completed a core interview in the 2000 wave of HRS, with follow‐up through 2018. We evaluated 40 predictors encompassing demographics, diseases, physical functioning, and instrumental ADLs. We applied novel methods to optimize three models simultaneously while prioritizing variables that take less time to ascertain during backward stepwise elimination. The death prediction model used Cox regression and both the models for walking disability and for ADL disability used Fine and Gray competing‐risk regression. We examined calibration plots and generated optimism‐corrected statistics of discrimination using bootstrapping. To simulate unavailable patient data, we also evaluated models excluding one or two variables from the final model.ResultsIn 6646 HRS participants, 2662 developed walking disability, 3570 developed ADL disability, and 5689 died during a median follow‐up of 9.5 years. The final prognostic tool had 16 variables. The optimism‐corrected integrated area under the curve (iAUC) was 0.799 for mortality, 0.685 for walking disability, and 0.703 for ADL disability. At each percentile of predicted mortality risk, there was a substantial spread in the predicted risks of walking disability and ADL disability. Discrimination and calibration remained good even when missing one or two predictors from the model. This model is now available on ePrognosis (https://eprognosis.ucsf.edu/alexlee.php)ConclusionsGiven the variability in disability risk for people with similar mortality risks, using individualized risks of disabilities may inform clinical and financial decisions for older adults.
Cutaneous reactions after COVID‐19 vaccination in Turkey: A multicenter study
Authors: Cebeci Kahraman Filiz , Savaş Erdoğan Sevil , Aktaş Nurhan Döner , Albayrak Hülya , Türkmen Dursun , Borlu Murat , Arıca Deniz Aksu , Demirbaş Abdullah , Akbayrak Atiye , Polat Ekinci Algün , Gökçek Gözde Emel , Çelik Hilal Ayvaz , Taşolar Mustafa Kaan , An İsa , Temiz Selami Aykut , Hazinedar Emel , Ayhan Erhan , Hızlı Pelin , Solak Eda Öksüm , Kılıç Arzu , Yılmaz Ertan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn this study covering all of Turkey, we aimed to define cutaneous and systemic adverse reactions in our patient population after COVID‐19 vaccination with the Sinovac/CoronaVac (inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2) and Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines.MethodsThis prospective, cross‐sectional study included individuals presenting to the dermatology or emergency outpatient clinics of a total of 19 centers after having been vaccinated with the COVID‐19 vaccines. Systemic, local injection site, and non‐local cutaneous reactions after vaccination were identified, and their rates were determined.ResultsOf the 2290 individuals vaccinated between April 15 and July 15, 2021, 2097 (91.6%) received the CoronaVac vaccine and 183 (8%) BioNTech. Systemic reactions were observed at a rate of 31.0% after the first CoronaVac dose, 31.1% after the second CoronaVac dose, 46.4% after the first BioNTech dose, and 46.2% after the second BioNTech dose. Local injection site reactions were detected at a rate of 35.6% after the first CoronaVac dose, 35.7% after the second CoronaVac dose, 86.9% after the first BioNTech dose, and 94.1% after the second BioNTech dose. A total of 133 non‐local cutaneous reactions were identified after the CoronaVac vaccine (2.9% after the first dose and 3.5% after the second dose), with the most common being urticaria/angioedema, pityriasis rosea, herpes zoster, and maculopapular rash. After BioNTech, 39 non‐local cutaneous reactions were observed to have developed (24.8% after the first dose and 5% after the second dose), and the most common were herpes zoster, delayed large local reaction, pityriasis rosea, and urticaria/angioedema in order of frequency. Existing autoimmune diseases were triggered in 2.1% of the patients vaccinated with CoronaVac and 8.2% of those vaccinated with BioNTech.ConclusionsThere are no comprehensive data on cutaneous adverse reactions specific to the CoronaVac vaccine. We determined the frequency of adverse reactions from the dermatologist's point of view after CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccination and identified a wide spectrum of non‐local cutaneous reactions. Our data show that CoronaVac is associated with less harmful reactions while BioNTech may result in more serious reactions, such as herpes zoster, anaphylaxis, and triggering of autoimmunity. However, most of these reactions were self‐limiting or required little therapeutic intervention.
Trial of labor after two cesarean sections: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Horgan Rebecca , Hossain Saif , Fulginiti Adriana , Patras Ariana , Massaro Robert , Abuhamad Alfred Z. , Kawakita Tetsuya , Graebe Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes among women with two previous cesarean deliveries who undergo trial of labor after two cesarean section (TOLA2C) versus elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD). Our primary outcome was neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Secondary outcomes included APGAR score <7 at 5 min, TOLA2C success rate, uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal blood transfusion, maternal bowel and bladder injury, immediate postpartum infection, and maternal mortality.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was undertaken at a community medical center from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria were women with a vertex singleton gestation at term and a history of two prior cesarean sections. Exclusion criteria included a previous successful TOLA2C, prior classical uterine incision or abdominal myomectomy, placenta previa or invasive placentation, multiple gestation, nonvertex presentation, history of uterine rupture or known fetal anomaly. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed using Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsA total of 793 patients fulfilled study criteria. There were no differences in neonatal intensive care unit admissions or 5‐min APGAR scores <7 between the two groups. Sixty‐eight percent of women who underwent TOLAC (N = 82) had a successful vaginal delivery. The uterine rupture rate was 1.16% (N = 1) in the TOLA2C group with no case of uterine rupture in the ERCD group. No difference in maternal morbidity was noted between the two groups. No maternal or neonatal mortalities occurred in either group.ConclusionsThere was no difference in maternal or neonatal morbidity among patients in our study population with two previous cesarean sections who opted for TOLA2C versus ERCD.
“Those Who Cannot See the Whole Are Offended by the Apparent Deformity of a Part”: Disability in Augustine's City of God
Authors: Massmann Alexander 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn De ciuitate Dei (ciu.), Augustine famously calls people with disabilities created on purpose by an absolutely competent God (16.8). On the whole, however, Augustine's views on disabilities in ciu. are often misunderstood. The statement about the creation of people with disabilities is part of a discussion of the theodicy question that implies that the goodness of people with disabilities is not open to experience and must be accepted on faith. This negative background assumption results from Augustine's view that dignity emerges from the embodied beauty, rationality, and utility of the ensouled body (22). Augustine gives several examples of how disabilities reduce dignity along with these dimensions, as “deformity defeats beauty” (19.4). In eternal salvation, however, disabilities will be removed (22). Martyrs will perhaps retain scars in heaven, but these particular scars will be of such a kind that there is “not deformitas in them, but dignitas” (22.19). If in the resurrection for eternal life God removes congenital disabilities that God created so competently, what is their purpose in the first place? Augustine regards disabilities as temporal embodied warnings of eternal corporeal punishment (21.8). As a concluding perspective, the alternative view of disabilities by the Apostle Paul will be considered.
Length–weight relationships of seven small indigenous fish species from the Tapti River in peninsular India
Authors: Bhakta Dibakar , Meetei Wakambam Anand , Kamble Suhas Prakash , Chanu Thangjam Nirupada , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLength–weight relationships of seven small indigenous fishes collected from the middle and lower stretch of the Tapti River in India were determined. The specimens were caught with drag nets (0 mm mesh size), gill nets (10–20 mm knot‐to‐knot mesh length) and scoop nets (0 mm) from the Maharashtra, and Gujarat state stretches of the Tapti River from November 2018 to December 2019. Digital calliper and digital balances were used to measure the total length (TL) and body weight (BW) of all fish specimens respectively. The growth coefficient b varied from 2.758 (Parambassis ranga) to 3.298 (Osteobrama cotio), and the LWRs were highly significant (p < .005). The present study established LWRs for the first time for seven fish species in the respective riverine habitat, including providing a new maximum length record for Corica soborna. The results of the present study will be useful for sustainable management and conservation of respective species in the river and its associated waterbodies.
Nova Colinas, Maranhão State: A newly confirmed, complex impact structure in Brazil
Authors: Reimold Wolf Uwe , Ferrière Ludovic , Crósta Álvaro Penteado , Vasconcelos Marcos Alberto Rodrigues , Gottwald Manfred , da Silva Borges Mauricio , de Almeida Teodoro Isnard Ribeiro , Pereira Fernando Lessa , Goés Ana Maria , Hauser Natalia , Jessell Mark , Baratoux David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Nova Colinas structure is an approximately 7 km wide, nearly circular feature centered at 07°09′33″S/46°06′30″W in Nova Colinas municipality in southwestern Maranhão State, Brazil. The area has been investigated for 40 yr and it has been suggested repeatedly that the structure could be of impact origin—without proof having been furnished. Magnetic anomaly maps depict the structure clearly with a strong, positive magnetic anomaly over the apparent rim zone. The central area is characterized by significant positive K and Th radiometric anomalies. Fieldwork showed that the structure has annular features along the outside and some prominent, structurally dissected hills in the interior. Thirty‐three arenite samples were collected for petrographic analysis, mostly from within the structure. Microdeformation, in the form of cataclasis; concussion fractures related to compaction, and presence of planar fractures, feather features, and planar deformation features in quartz are reported. Three samples with a multitude of quartz grains with these microdeformations were analyzed by universal stage to determine the crystallographic orientations of planar fractures and planar deformation features. The results provide robust evidence that these microdeformation features represent shock metamorphism, with low (approximately 5–10 GPa) to moderate (10–16 and 10–20 GPa) shock levels. Thus, the Nova Colinas structure is now confirmed as a bona fide meteorite impact structure. The structure is moderately eroded, as shown by the absence of stronger shock deformation. The still limited available structural geological field evidence, paired with remote sensing and geophysical data, indicates that the innermost part of the structure may have a sizable remnant of a central uplift. The Nova Colinas impact age is only poorly constrained from stratigraphic inference to an upper limit of about 200–250 Ma.
The role of multiple Pleistocene refugia in promoting diversification in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Smith Megan L. , Wallace Jessica , Tank David C. , Sullivan Jack , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPleistocene glacial cycles drastically changed the distributions of taxa endemic to temperate rainforests in the Pacific Northwest, with many experiencing reduced habitat suitability during glacial periods. In this study, we investigate whether glacial cycles promoted intraspecific divergence and whether subsequent range changes led to secondary contact and gene flow. For seven invertebrate species endemic to the PNW, we estimated species distribution models (SDMs) and projected them onto current and historical climate conditions to assess how habitat suitability changed during glacial cycles. Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from these species, we assessed population genetic structure and used a machine‐learning approach to compare models with and without gene flow between populations upon secondary contact after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Finally, we estimated divergence times and rates of gene flow between populations. SDMs suggest that there was less suitable habitat in the North Cascades and Northern Rocky Mountains during glacial compared to interglacial periods, resulting in reduced habitat suitability and increased habitat fragmentation during the LGM. Our genomic data identify population structure in all taxa, and support gene flow upon secondary contact in five of the seven taxa. Parameter estimates suggest that population divergences date to the later Pleistocene for most populations. Our results support a role of refugial dynamics in driving intraspecific divergence in the Cascades Range. In these invertebrates, population structure often does not correspond to current biogeographic or environmental barriers. Rather, population structure may reflect refugial lineages that have since expanded their ranges, often leading to secondary contact between once isolated lineages.
Combining GWAS and population genomic analyses to characterize coevolution in a legume‐rhizobia symbiosis
Authors: Epstein Brendan , Burghardt Liana T. , Heath Katy D. , Grillo Michael A. , Kostanecki Adam , Hämälä Tuomas , Young Nevin D. , Tiffin Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mutualism between legumes and rhizobia is clearly the product of past coevolution. However, the nature of ongoing evolution between these partners is less clear. To characterize the nature of recent coevolution between legumes and rhizobia, we used population genomic analysis to characterize selection on functionally annotated symbiosis genes as well as on symbiosis gene candidates identified through a two‐species association analysis. For the association analysis, we inoculated each of 202 accessions of the legume host Medicago truncatula with a community of 88 Sinorhizobia (Ensifer) meliloti strains. Multistrain inoculation, which better reflects the ecological reality of rhizobial selection in nature than single‐strain inoculation, allows strains to compete for nodulation opportunities and host resources and for hosts to preferentially form nodules and provide resources to some strains. We found extensive host by symbiont, that is, genotype‐by‐genotype, effects on rhizobial fitness and some annotated rhizobial genes bear signatures of recent positive selection. However, neither genes responsible for this variation nor annotated host symbiosis genes are enriched for signatures of either positive or balancing selection. This result suggests that stabilizing selection dominates selection acting on symbiotic traits and that variation in these traits is under mutation‐selection balance. Consistent with the lack of positive selection acting on host genes, we found that among‐host variation in growth was similar whether plants were grown with rhizobia or N‐fertilizer, suggesting that the symbiosis may not be a major driver of variation in plant growth in multistrain contexts.
Oral leukoplakia diagnosis and treatment in Europe and Australia: Oral Medicine Practitioners' attitudes and practice
Authors: Pentenero Monica , Sutera Samuele , Lodi Giovanni , Bagan Jose V. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) including oral leukoplakia (OL) is not currently structured according to agreed guidelines. The current report presents survey data gathered from Oral Medicine Practitioners (OMPs) in Europe and Australia and is aimed to investigate attitudes and practice in the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of OL. In the presence of a clinical provisional diagnosis of OL, respondents reported always undertaking biopsy in 83% of cases, with most OMPs also relying on diagnostic adjuncts. The potential for malignant transformation is almost invariably assessed through epithelial dysplasia status, with other biomarkers described in the literature used less often. Active treatment of OL was considered mandatory by 20% of OMPs, while others reserve treatment for selected cases only. OMPs are mostly driven to active treatment by lesion‐related features which are frequently jointly considered including lesion site, clinical appearance and dysplasia status. Inconsistent assessment was observed regarding mild dysplasia, lesion size, presence of unavoidable trauma, exposure to tobacco and patient age. Frequently observed geographical variations were seldom statistically significant. In agreement with previous surveys, a lack of consensus around the management of OL was observed, supporting claims from learned academies and societies for treatment guidelines aiming to reduce inter‐practitioner variability.