bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors on Civil Engineering Projects
Authors: Idris Muhammad Hafizuddin , Adnan Hamimah , Azrin Baharuddin Har Einur , Mohd Zaki Zulkhairy Affandy , Wan Ismail Wan Norizan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of the construction organization can be seen if the organization manages the encountered construction risks efficiently. The opportunity to increase efficiency and profitability in the construction industry is demonstrated by good risk management. The construction industry is well known for its risks and uncertainty, which can possibly have negative outcomes for the construction projects. This paper aims to identify the common risk factors in risk mitigation for civil engineering projects in Malaysia. Quantitative methodology which involved survey questionnaires were sent out to 250 respondents including Grade G7 contractors registered under the Construction Industry Board Malaysia, engineers, project managers, architects, quantity surveyors and others, with 47% responded. It appeared that construction delay, late payment by client, unavailability of funds, poor communication among construction parties and coordination of works among construction were the common risk factors in risk mitigation and have significant impacts on their projects. With extensive risk assessment procedures conducted and a rigorous process with regular meetings among all members of the team, it will keep track those changes and update the mitigation plan.
Barriers in Implementing Life Cycle Costing in Malaysia’s Green Construction Projects
Authors: Maisham Mysarah , Adnan Hamimah , Adillah Ismail Noor Akmal , Asyikin Mahat Noor Aisyah , Mohd Yussof Farrah Norizzah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Life cycle costing (LCC) is a tool used worldwide to assess the expected economic performance of a building throughout its life cycle. The application of LCC within the construction industry is still lacking, especially in the development of green construction projects despite the many benefits it has been linked to. This paper aims to identify the main barriers in implementing LCC in green construction projects. The research adopted a quantitative method by conducting questionnaires survey distributed through traditional mail and e-mail as well as online platforms to 700 respondents from various backgrounds, namely architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, and other professionals. A total of one hundred and eighty-seven (187) completed and usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed by using frequency descriptive analysis and by mean value using IBM SPSS Statistic 26. The findings indicate that barriers relevant to project clients and the government were the main barriers to LCC implementation in green construction projects. It gives an understanding that both clients and the government play significant roles in promoting the use of LCC. The findings are beneficial to industry practitioners of green developments as a reference to enhance the LCC process and to devise more effective strategies to promote acceptance of LCC in Malaysia’s green construction projects.
Teaching Legal Research and Studies for Built Environment Students in Malaysian Universities
Authors: Hassan Ahmad Arzlee , Mohd Zaki Zulkhairy Affandy , Mohammad Kamil Abdul Izz , Nasir Nasyairi Mat , Ejau Ruth Lua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLegal studies and law related subject are unattractive to technical, engineering and design-based students. The research aims to explore the best way to approach legal studies for built environment students by examining the perceptions towards legal subjects, studying the method used in universities and finally, obtaining the best approach to tackle the least popular subject. Questionnaires were distributed to built environment students from Malaysian universities. The data collected were then processed using SPSS Software to better analyse the outcome. It is discovered that the students acknowledged the importance of legal subjects in preparing them for the industry. However, due to the unfamiliar nature and style of studies from what these students are accustomed to, deterred the students from taking great interest in the subjects. Improvement in the content of the syllabus and teaching approach are important in effort to make it less ‘black letter’ and less traditional, into something more animated and built-environment-friendly.
A Methodology to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Designers’ Cognitive Process when Using Multi-user Virtual Reality
Authors: binti Azizo Adlin Shaflina , binti Ali Kherun Nita , Iahad Noorminshah Binti A. , Binti Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Mat Dzahir Mohd Azwarie Bin , Abdul Rahiman Nafisah Binti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper proposed the mixed-mode methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of the cognitive process when using Multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) in the design review sessions. The research explains that the design review is an essential part of the planning process. It evaluates the client’s requirements against the designers’ design before the construction starts. Quality communication among the designers and clients plays a central role in enhancing the output of the design review session, apart from the quality in visualisation during the presentation. A multi-user VR system with a head-mounted display allows users to fully immerse into the virtual environment (VE) during the design review process and subsequently achieve quality discussion and decision-making. This paper describes the process of data collection in quantitative and qualitative methods, where questionnaires will be distributed to determine the state-of-the-art of the designers’ cognitive processes when they are involved in the design review session. Parallelly, an experiment on the use of multi-user VR during a design review session will be conducted. Users (Designers) will be interviewed before and after the experiment. Finally, multi-user VR’s effectiveness will be identified by comparing the findings from both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Which Factors Contribute to the Homeownership Decision? A Preliminary Study of Malaysia’s Young Adult
Authors: Aziz Fatin , Wan Rodi Wan Norhishamuddin , Arif Masri Abdul Munir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Young adults refer to those between 25 and 40 years of age who had established themselves in the society. The increasing house price and interest rates has put homeownership among young adults are at risk. Most of young adults in Malaysia are opted to renting rather than owning the house. This research aims to assess the challenges faced by young adults in owning a house in Klang Valley. Klang Valley is chosen as study area because it is the center for development and economic of Malaysia, thus has been the focus of government policy and developer activities pertaining to housing. The survey was conducted with 385 respondents who stays and work in Klang Valley, by using simple random sampling. The data were collected and analyzed to have a better understanding on the challenges facing by young adults in owning a house in Klang Valley area. The study discovers that the most significant main factor influencing homeownership decision was location factors (M= 3.79), followed by Behavioral Factors (M=3.46) and lastly, Financial & Economic Factors (M=3.22).
Mitigating the Structural Governing Challenges for Waqf Land Development in Malaysia Through Special Property Development Entity (SPDE)
Authors: Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Shazrin , Hanif Noor Rosly , Mahamood Siti Mashitoh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe progression of waqf land development in Malaysia is moderate, considering that it is not on the mainstream agenda of the country. Although waqf exists as a religious instrument, it has become an excellent support system for socio-economic development and has contributed to overall public wellness. Anyhow, the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRCs) who become the sole trustee for waqf in the respective states in Malaysia were facing some structural challenges and searching for effective solutions. With the help from literature, this paper has grouped these structural challenges into three, namely as the legislations, administrations, and obligations. Thus, has opened the opportunity for the Special Property Development Entity (SPDE) to offer some solutions to partially resolve the threats of these structural challenges towards waqf land development. The study had interviewed fourteen SIRCs to explore the challenges and solicit the suitability and acceptance of SPDE in the SIRCs. Overall, the SIRCs did not implement the SPDE except for Selangor. However, the SPDE has its potential and can solve some of the structural challenges if the SIRCs implemented this idea. This paper is using the Structure and Agency Model as the basis to understand and resolve the issues at hand.
Potential Use of Transparent Wood in Spatial Folded Structures
Authors: Karľa V , Bajzecerová V , Kanócz J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transparent wood is a relatively new material, the manufacturing starts with removing the lignin from wood veneer and infiltrating the delignified wood by a polymer thereafter. Transparent wood usually proves better mechanical properties than original wood and polymer. The article presents the potential use of transparent wood in bearing structures. The transparent wood could be used as I-beams structures, box beams, trusses, or folded structures. A spatial folded structure was numerically analyzed. Various types of transparent wood or transparent plywood were used. A comparison with commonly used materials, such as glass and other wood-based materials were made. The comparison shows that transparent wood has great potential in the use as a structural material. The plywood made from transparent wood veneer with the alternating direction of wood fibers acts as a laminate and allows a biaxial load transfer, which can be successfully used in a thin plate of the spatial folded structure while maintaining relatively good transparency.
New test equipment for testing the watertightness of facade structures in-situ
Authors: Bielek B , Szabo D , Klem J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the current trend of construction of high-rise buildings in urban agglomerations, ensuring watertightness of their facade structures exposed to the effects of high-intensity wind-driven rain is coming to the fore. Laboratory experimental testing of water impermeability of elements of building envelope structures and their joints is performed in the process of preparation of the facade implementation in accordance with STN EN 1027: 2002 in rain chamber equipment. Due to the fact that the quality and functional properties of the finished facade are significantly influenced by the assembly technology and work discipline in its implementation, successful testing of the facade and its components in the rain chamber may not guarantee the watertightness of the finished facade. For this reason, the investor has the opportunity to check the finished facade in terms of its hydrodynamic safety and reliability by a functional test of its watertightness according to the standard regulation STN EN 13051 Curtain walling - Watertightness - Site test. The article describes in detail the new technological device for the implementation of the in-situ watertightness test of the facade, the measurement methodology, including its functional verification on the facade of the high-rise administrative building Nivy Tower in Bratislava.
Comparison between flood damages evaluation methods and selection of the appropriate method for application in Slovakia
Authors: Hlinková M , Bujanský P , Abd-Elhamid H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flood damages come immediately with flood events. There is a wide range of models and methods that can be used for its evaluation, which bring satisfactory but not exact results. The rate of flood damages estimation can differ significantly from the real damages measured after the real flood. The current paper presents three methodologies for assessing flood damages including INSYDE model, AGRIDE-c model and RASOR platform. These methodologies are compared and their suitability for application to available data is analysed. The available data includes the number of damaged elements due to flood as well as the extent of the flooded area. Results of comparison shows that the INSYDE model and RASOR platform could be possibly modified and applied to the available data, but there are significant changes and further analysis needed. The analysis of selected methods shows the data that are needed must be first obtained from other source, then modified, and then could be applied. But we do not have the same data, so the further studies need significant changes.
Climate change adaptation in pavement design
Authors: Hodakova D , Zuzulova A , Capayova S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since 2011, the change in climatic characteristics has emerged as one of the three most common environmental risks today. Global warming forecasts warn that by 2100, our planet could warm by an average of 3.5 to 7.5 °C. In Europe, over the last 140 years, the average annual air temperature has risen by about 1.5 °C. In Slovakia, it was an increase of 1.7 - 1.8 °C on average. The consequences of these changes in road construction are immediate and intense and require adequate adaptation measures.
Long-term measurements of climatic conditions in Slovakia were the basis for assessing changes in average daily air temperatures in individual seasons. With the design of road pavements and calculations of pavement structure models, we have also tested road construction materials - especially asphalt mixtures. The results were used to correct the values of input data, design criteria, as well as in measures to reduce the impact of changes in climatic conditions.
The paper focuses on the characterization of the climatic conditions in Slovakia and the changes reflected in the design of the road constructions; also provides some insights into the solution of partial problems in the field of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement.
Plastic zones in the pin connection of the laminated lattice girder
Authors: Tomko M , Demjan I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with a static reanalysis of the existing ice-rink bearing steel structure which proves all the bearing members of the object after additional loading by new roof coat. In addition to experimental measurements carried out to diagnose the bearing roof steel structure and its elements needed for static assess the structure’s current state, pressure coefficients in individual parts of the structure were defined by means of ANSYS software and consequently used in static analysis of wind effects. According to the static analysis results, the repair of initial state was designed and realized, with designing of details needed to be modified. By means of ANSYS software, the detail of pin joint support of laminated lattice-girders was 3D-modeled with volume elements. The deformation-stress analysis of the mentioned detail was also performed by considering of elastic-plastic material with linear hardening.
The potential of lightweight panel systems in building industry
Authors: Kozlovská M , Mokrenko D , Struková Z , Špak M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current construction technologies are often characterized as ineffective, with long construction times, heavy structural weight, increased financial and labour cost, and environmentally unsustainable. Innovative construction methods, including modern lightweight panel systems, are characterized by low weight (this affects not only transport characteristics but also the production, such as easier handling of the panels), faster construction time, the guaranteed quality due to industrial production in a factory, economic efficiency and many other benefits. The presented study examined the potential of efficiency and performance of four variants of lightweight construction panels in the context of the required essential properties of prefabricated construction elements, as well as in comparison with the variant of "heavy" prefabricated concrete panel system.
Early-age strains and stresses in bi-axially restrained expansive concrete elements
Authors: Tur V V , Sannikava V H 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPractical application of expansive concretes in reinforced concrete structures needs the rational design model for assessment the early-age stress-strain parameters of self-stressing concrete elements under any restraint conditions during the expansion stage. Various strategies are used to calculate the restrained expansion strains and self-stresses but, in most cases, disregarding the elastic-plastic behaviour of expansive concrete at early ages. It’s noticeable that in case of bi-axial restraint conditions both the elastic-plastic parameters of expansive concrete and the influence of restraint in orthogonal directions should be taken into consideration. To achieve a reliable solution a design model for estimation the restrained expansion strains and self-stresses in self-stressed structural elements under bi-axial restraint conditions (2D MSDM) at expansion stage has been developed. The proposed design model is based on the MSDM for the case of uniaxial restraint arrangement. The validation of 2D MSDM was confirmed by the experimental results of expansive concrete elements under 2D confinement carried out by authors as well as obtained by other researchers.
Analysis of alternative designs for the reconstruction of an administrative building – case study
Authors: Sedlakova A , Merjava V , Vilcekova S , Gmitter M , Burak D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An old office building located on the Garbiarska street, historic part of Kosice city, east of Slovakia was selected because it represents a brownfield and necessarily requires reconstruction. This study is aimed at the analysis of two design alternative solutions to underline the architecture of the reconstruction in terms of sustainability criteria taking into account the significance of the history of the city and its surroundings. Performed SWOT analysis considered strengths and weaknesses of restoration, opportunities and threats, shows that the most suitable is considering a restoration strategy in terms of preserving cultural heritage, at the same time restoring the building in the concept of green architecture. It is more than necessary to prioritize this renovation strategy over an economically viable renovation while maintaining the inappropriate height of the office building. This early analysis confirms the significance of the revitalization of territories in connection to the improvement of quality of life, the enhancement of the historical value of the locality and the creation of new economic opportunities.
Influence of the longitudinal steel ration in RC beams and steel reinforcement ration in RC slabs on the seismic energy dissipation mechanisms for a MR RC frame structure
Authors: Sococol I , Petrescu T C , Mihai P , Babor D T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The MR RC frame structures present a special engineering interest regarding the practical mode of ductile seismic response, through plastic hinges formation in specially designed RC beams end areas and inferior zones of the RC columns from the ground floor. Thus, it was proposed to verify the capacity design concept for this structural system type through seismic response observation of the optimal MR RC frame model. Until this objective is achieved, it was proposed to perform a complex analytical study, which has as finality the current research paper. Thus, in the previous analytical studies the influence of the concrete strength class, the influence of the longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio in RC columns and influence of the RC beams cross sections on the local and global seismic response for a group of RC frame models were analysed. In these conditions, the present paper contains the results obtained in previous research papers and concludes the current analytical study through the observation of the effectiveness of the inferior longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio in the RC beams on the cracking mode, in potentially plastic areas. Finally, it was specified that the K_7 RC frame model represents the optimal structural system for the experimental test.
Mechanical fracture parameters of hemp fibre reinforced cement-based composites with recycled aggregate
Authors: Simonova H , Kucharczykova B , Poletanovic B , Merta I , Kersner Z 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the effect of replacement of aggregate by recycled one on fracture response of selected composites. These are hemp fibre reinforced cement-based composites. Four different mixtures were prepared: in reference one, the only natural aggregate was used whereas in the other three mixtures, the natural aggregate was replaced by recycled one in the amount of 10, 25 and 50 %, respectively. All mixtures contained hemp fibres with a length of 10 mm in the dosage of 1 % by volume. In order to determine the selected mechanical fracture characteristics of the investigated composites, three-point bending fracture tests were carried out on prismatic specimens with nominal dimensions 40 × 40 × 160 mm3 provided with an initial notch. During the whole course of the testing, the loading process was governed by a constant displacement increment of 0.02 mm/min. The vertical displacement (midspan deflection) was measured using the inductive sensor mounted on a special measurement frame placed on the specimens. The fracture tests were terminated when the midspan deflection reached 0.5 mm. The mechanical fracture parameters were obtained through a direct evaluation of the fracture test data via the effective crack model and the work-of-fracture method. The paper shows that composites with a higher dosage of recycled aggregate (25 and 50 wt%) achieve similar values of mechanical fracture properties, so this replacement can be recommended.
An Investigation on Combined Section by Steels with Different Strengths for Bridge Girder
Authors: Hirohata M , Jármai K 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA basic investigation was carried out in this study to propose a new structure for steel bridge girders by using a combined section composed of steels with different strengths. SM400 as an ordinal strength level steel was selected as the base material for the I-section girder model. It was assumed that the lower flange of the I-section was replaced with an inverted T-shaped member by welding. This member was provided by the different steel with SM400A. The dimension of the inverted T-shaped member was selected to decrease the cross-sectional area to the original section. Furthermore, the moment of inertia and the yielding moment were aimed to increase from those of the original section. With satisfying these conditions, the possibility of cost-saving by using high-strength steel such as SBHS500 was examined. A series of investigations showed the optimum dimensions simultaneously satisfying these mechanical and economic conditions despite being limited.
Renovation of dormitory campus using the principles of sustainable development
Authors: Luzay E , Shafieva D , Zeleňáková M , Petkanič Š 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study presents the new look on the dormitory's territory, which is located in Jedlikova 5, Kosice, Slovakia. Landscaping design has a significant impact on people, and touches both aesthetic and physical needs, environmental integrity of the area and has an impact on nature habitants. Good landscaping helps to provide a conducive living environment for students by creating needful places for recreation, physical education and studying, as well as producing the natural and healthy ambience to the surrounding by using green roofs, creating a pond for collection of rainwater and planting a lot of greenery. The study framework covers aspects, which are related to the ecological state of the territory, existing environmental problems, natural features and needs of the residents of the dormitory. The aim of the study is to create such a sustainable space, where both students and nature will be in harmony.