bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast cells
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Motafeghi Farzaneh Sadat , Lotfizadeh Anahita , Ghorbani Mohammad , Kohsar Azam Haddadi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26).
Methods: in this experiment, the toxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin Red Staining assay. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P<0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P<0.001). in terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two calcium silicate-based sealers. AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P<0.0001). among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: the examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by endoseal MTA was higher.
The Integrity of Source Code Commenting : Benchmark Dataset and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Islam Maksuda , Hossen Mohammad Safayat , Haque Ahsanul , Haque Md. Nazmul , Lota Lutfun Nahar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Code comments are a vital software feature for program cognition &software maintainability. For a long time, researchers have been tryingto find ways to ensure the consistency of code-comment. While doingthat, two of the raised problems have been dataset scarcity and languagedependency. To address both problems in this paper, we worked on adataset creation made using C# projects; there are no annotated datasetsyet on C#. 9,310 code-comment pairs of different C# projects wereextracted from a data pool. 4,922 code-comment pairs were annotatedafter removing NULL, constructor, and variable. Both method-commentand class-comment were considered in this study. We employed twoevaluation metrics for the dataset, one is Krippendorff’s Alpha whichshowed 95.67% similarity among the rating of 3 annotators for all thepairs & other is Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) to validateour human-curated dataset. A modified model from a previous study isalso proposed, which obtained 96.2% using the performance metric AUC-ROC after fitting the model to our annotated 4,922 code-comment pairs.
Characterization of drying bioaerosols with four size distribution measurement instruments in the context of airborne transmission
Authors: Lefebvre Xavier , Succar Antonella , Bédard Emilie , Prévost Michèle , Robert Etienne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Measuring aerosol size distributions with precision is important to understand the transmission of infectious diseases causing pneumonia-like illnesses, including Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19. Accurate size measurement can help guide the identification of risk mitigation strategies, a challenging task as the size of pathogen carrying particles can change due to evaporation. Using oil and water-based particles, we compare four measurement instruments that provide aerosol size distributions relying on different measurement principles; phase doppler anemometry, light scattering, electrical mobility and aerodynamic impaction. The size distributions obtained from the different measurement instruments are consistent for oil-based particles but differ significantly for particles experiencing evaporation. Experiments were conducted to quantify the differences in measurement caused by evaporation as well as the measurement losses. The size range covered by the four instruments is from 0.025 to 10 µm. Finally, an approach based on the complete drying of a salt solution is presented to obtain the size distribution at the source of the aerosol generation. Understanding of the infectious dose and the pathogen concentration at the source, the most dangerous size ranges of the aerosols can thus be determined, and actions can be taken to reduce the propagation of these particles.
Characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen Isotopes and Water Vapor Sources of Different Waters in the Ili Kashi River Basin
Authors: Abudouwaili Zilalai , Yang Yuhui , Feng Xiancheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope characteristics of different water bodies, from the perspectives of elevation, season, and interannual variation, using water samples of atmospheric precipitation, river water, groundwater, and ice–snow meltwater obtained in the Ili Kashi River Basin from July 2018 to June 2021. The water vapor source of atmospheric precipitation in the Ili Kashi River Basin was tracked and analyzed using meteorological data and the HYSPLIT model. The results derived were as follows. (1) Hydrogen– oxygen isotope changes in the Ili-Kashi River Basin were broadly characterized by continuous enrichment from low to high elevations in summer to a maximum value, followed by gradual depletion, whereas the changes of δ 18 O and δD were reversed in autumn. (2) The river water values of δD and δ 18 O fluctuated between −107.15‰ and −68.13‰ and between −18.53‰ and −9.66‰, respectively, during the study period. (3) The variation of δ 18 O and δD in precipitation was consistent, showing characteristics of summer enrichment and winter dilution. and the precipitation line equation is δD = 7.30δ 18 O + 9.29. (4) In autumn and winter, groundwater δD and δ 18 O values fluctuated between −99.87‰ and −84.95‰ and between −15.5‰ and −10.38‰, respectively; during spring and summer, the δD and δ 18 O values varied from −99.27‰ to −87.07‰ and from −15.15‰ to −12.0‰, respectively. The hydrogen–oxygen stable isotope value of ice–snow meltwater in autumn was higher than that in summer. (5) Analysis using the HYSPLIT tracking model of precipitation in the study area revealed that marine water vapor can be driven directly to the study area from the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea under the influence of the westerly circulation and the Arctic air mass. Among those sources, the Atlantic and Arctic oceans were found dominant, accounting for 33% and 32% of the total transported marine water vapor, respectively.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Steel Circular Hollow Section Bridge Piers with Corroded Ends
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wen Jianian , Han Qiang , Wang Zhanfei , Sun Jubo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Steel circular hollow section (CHS) bridge piers have been widely used in the engineering practices. However, end corrosion is one of the most common damages to steel bridge piers, leading to degradation of seismic performance and changing of failure modes. This paper investigates the seismic performance of the corroded steel CHS bridge piers and proposes a method to predict its lateral ultimate strength under the transverse cyclic loads. Firstly, the multi-scale finite element (FE) models of the CHS steel bridge pier are developed considering both the local buckling and the end corrosion, which are calibrated against the previous test results. Subsequently, the effects of the characteristic parameters (i.e., the corrosion conditions and the column parameters) on the failure modes and the horizontal ultimate strengths of the corroded steel CHS bridge piers are investigated, and then the sensitivity of the parameters is quantified using the Sobol method. Finally, a method is presented for estimating the ultimate strength of the end corroded steel CHS bridge piers under the horizontal cyclic loads. Results show that the end corroded bridge piers exhibit more significant stress concentration when comparing with the uncorroded bridge piers. The buckling half-wavelength is influenced by corrosion parameters, and the buckling position changes. The ultimate strengths of end corroded bridge piers are reduced, which is more sensitive to the corrosion rate. The proposed theoretical method to predict the ultimate strengths of corroded steel CHS bridge piers is accurate enough with errors less than 10%.
Mannosylated-Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Imaging to Monitor Tumor-Associated Macrophages under Anti- PD1 Treatment
Authors: Gu Gyo Jeong , Chung Hyewon , Park Ji Yong , Yoo Ran ji , Im Hyung Jun , Choi Hongyoon , Lee Yun-Sang , Seok Seung Hyeok 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) block tumor growth by reinvigorating the immune system; however, determining their efficacy only by the changes in tumor size may prove inaccurate. As the immune cells including macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with the response to anti-PD1 therapy, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) imaging using nanoparticles can noninvasively provide the immune enrichment status of TME. Herein, the mannosylated-serum albumin (MSA) nanoparticle was labeled with radioactive isotope 68Ga to target the mannose receptors on macrophages for noninvasive monitoring of the TME according to anti-PD1 therapy.
Results
B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1, and the response to anti-PD1 was determined by the tumor volume. According to the flow cytometry, the responders to anti-PD1 showed an increased proportion of TAMs, as well as lymphocytes, and the most enriched immune cell population in the TME was also TAMs. For noninvasive imaging of TAMs as a surrogate of immune cell augmentation in the TME via anti-PD1, we acquired [68Ga]Ga-MSA positron emission tomography. According to the imaging study, an increased number of TAMs in responders at the early phase of anti-PD1 treatment was observed in both B16F10 and MC38 tumor-bearing mice models.
Conclusion
As representative immune cells in the TME, non-invasive imaging of TAMs using MSA nanoparticles can reflect the immune cell enrichment status in the TME closely associated with the response to anti-PD1. As non-invasive imaging using MSA nanoparticles, this approach shows a potential to monitor and evaluate anti-tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Relative abundance and distribution of black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza guereza) and recommendations for its conservation in the northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Zewdu , Bekele Afework 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Primates in the tropics are highly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation as they depend on the forest for survival. Thus, reliable population and distribution data are crucial to identifying priority sites for conservation and designing effective management plans in the deforested region. To date, the population size and distribution of black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza guereza) are unknown along the Ethiopian Highlands. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relative abundance of black-and-white colobus monkeys and their current distribution pattern in the Awi Zone of the northwestern Ethiopia. We conducted population survey of black-and-white colobus monkeys using line transects between Oct 2020 and Sep 2021 in 27 forest patches of the region. We surveyed 27 forest patches and found black-and-white colobus monkeys in all patches. Overall, we recorded 328 group sightings of black-and-white colobus monkeys in these forest patches ranging between 1859 and 2557 m asl. We counted a total mean of 2897 individuals ranging from 5–16 individuals per group (mean = 8.8, SD = 2.5) within the sampling transects. Overall, the sighting encounter frequency of this monkey was 5.5 groups/km, while the relative mean population abundance was 48.2 individuals/km. Our study offers the first baseline information for future absolute abundance and population density estimates of black-and-white colobus monkeys and the forest patches they inhabit. Thus, this region should be considered as key habitat for future black-and-white colobus monkeys and other conservation initiatives. Establishment protected areas (national parks), improved law enforcement, population trend monitoring, and engagement with adjacent local communities are imperative to secure the long-term survival and conservation of black-and-white colobus monkeys and their habitats in the region. In addition, conservation measures like educational awareness programs, modern beekeeping, and alternative biofuel use should be initiated to stop further deforestation.
High-resolution entry and exit surface dosimetry in a 1.5 T MR-linac
Authors: Patterson Elizabeth , Stokes Peter , Cutajar Dean , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Baines John , Metcalfe Peter , Powers Marcus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The magnetic field of a transverse MR-linac alters electron trajectories as the photon beam transits through materials, causing lower doses at flat entry surfaces and increased doses at flat beam-exiting surfaces. This study investigated the response of a MOSFET detector, known as the MOSkin™, for high-resolution surface and near-surface percentage depth dose measurements on an Elekta Unity. Simulations with Geant4 and the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS), and EBT-3 film measurements, were also performed for comparison. Measured MOSkin™ entry surface doses, relative to dmax, were (9.9 ± 0.2) %, (10.1 ± 0.3) %, (11.3 ± 0.6) %, (12.9 ± 1.0) %, and (13.4 ± 1.0) % for 1 × 1 cm2, 3 × 3 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 22 × 22 cm2 fields, respectively. Similarly at the beam exit MOSkin™ doses were (37.2 ± 4.9) %, (50.0 ± 2.9) %, (54.9 ± 2.0) %, (63.9 ± 1.6) %, and (62.4 ± 3.0) %. For the investigated fields, the maximum absolute dose differences for Geant4, TPS, and film at the beam entry, relative to MOSkin™ surface doses, were 1.0%, 16.4%, and 24.3%, respectively and at the beam exit, 5.0%, 3.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. The largest increase in exit dose, due to the electron return effect, was 18.0% for the 22 × 22 cm2 field size, using Geant4 calculations. The results presented in the study validate the suitability of the MOSkin™ detector for transverse MR-linac surface dosimetry.
Root ACC and rhizosphere ACC deaminase producing bacteria affects apple root architecture under soil compaction stress
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Xun Mi , Shi Junyuan , Chen Bing , Cheng Yujin , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship among root architecture, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) in roots and ethylene-modulating bacteria in rhizosphere and root endosphere under soil compaction stress, so as to provide theoretical reference for soil treatment.
Methods One-year-old potted apple (Malus domestica Borkh 'Red Fuji') trees as experiment materials, whose rootstocks were Malus hupehensis and Malus robusta respectively. After maintaining soil compaction stress for one year, we detected root architecture, root activity, root ethylene production, ACC content and the activity of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) in roots. Furthermore, we quantified the abundance of ethylene-modulating bacteria including the bacteria of ACC deaminase and ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) in rhizosphere and root endosphere, and analyzed their relationship with ethylene biosynthesis and root characteristics.
Results Soil compaction stress significantly changed root architecture, decreased root activity, enhanced ethylene production, increased ACC content and ACS activity in roots, regardless of whether the rootstock was M. hupehensis or M. robusta. The abundance of ethylene-modulating bacteria varied with rootstocks under compaction stress. Soil compaction stress decreased the abundance of ACC deaminase producing bacteria in M. robusta and increased that of efe in M. hupehensis both in rhizosphere and root endosphere. The changes of root characteristics were significantly correlated with ethylene production and ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria.
Conclusion The increase of ACC content in roots and the decrease of abundance of ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria jointly lead to the increase of ethylene release from roots, which lead to the change of root architecture under soil compaction stress.
Chemical Annotation Score – A novel distance metric with application in de novo design
Authors: Canault Baptiste , Pogány Peter , Pickett Stephen D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The molecule generation process in de novo design can produce many hundreds of thousands of compounds from an input pool of one or more known compounds. Property filtering and other fast scoring methods can reduce this set in accordance with project goals. However, there may still be many tens of thousands of compounds to select from. The question we pose here is how to identify the most relevant compounds from a set for further analysis and selection. We define relevant as the compounds most suitable for exploring the SAR. Whilst similarity methods can be used to identify the most similar compounds to the input set we show that they are not well suited to this more general task. We introduce the Chemical Annotation Score as a novel method for calculating chemical distance. We show the superiority to fingerprint based similarity methods for identifying the most relevant set of compounds from a large pool for further exploration given an input query or queries.
Determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Case-Control study
Authors: Guye Ararso Hordofa , Nigussie Tadesse , Tesema Mengistu , Shambi Dame Banti , Diriba Berhanu Senbeta , Dureso Negasa Shuma , Debela Sisay Motuma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccination is one of the most cost– effective global public health interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality. Defaulter to full vaccination can put the children at greater risk of acquiring vaccine preventable disease outbreaks and the reason for not full vaccination is not well-explored and there are limited evidence about defaulters of full vaccination in Ethiopia.
Objectives
To identify determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
Methods
A Community-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among children aged 12–23 months from March 20 to April 30, 2022 with a total sample size of 444 (148 cases and 296 controls). Cases were children aged 12–23 months who had missed at least one dose of the routine vaccination and controls were children who had received all the recommended routine vaccination. Consecutive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select representative cases and controls respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of defaulter to full vaccination and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at p value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance of association.
Result
Of the assessed determinants of defaulter to full vaccination; inadequate knowledge of mothers/caretakers (AOR = 4.32, 95% CI:2.78–6.70), educational status of father unable to read and write (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI:1.29–10.39), time to reach health facility ≥ 30 minutes (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI:1.51–3.97), not told about the type of vaccine received (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI;1.27–4.45), no parents discussion on vaccination (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI:1.24–3.79), home delivery (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.39–4.25) and not participated in pregnant mother conference (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.35–4.49) were the identified determinants of defaulter to full vaccination.
Conclusion
Mothers knowledge, father’s education, place of delivery, time to reach health facility, health workers told type of vaccine received, participation in pregnant mother conference and parents discussion on vaccination were the determinants of defaulter to full vaccination status. Thus, the district health office should work on defaulters of vaccination by strengthening immunization service delivery and improving maternal knowledge on vaccination through pregnant mother conference participation.
A multi-brain mechanism for observational threat learning
Authors: Pan Yafeng , Vinding Mikkel , Zhang Lei , Lundqvist Daniel , Olsson Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Survival and adaptation in environments require swift and efficacious learning about what is dangerous. Across species, much of such threat learning is acquired socially, for example, through the observation of others’ (“demonstrators’”) defensive behaviors. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for the integration of information flowing between demonstrators and observers remain largely unknown. We addressed this dearth of knowledge by sequentially performing magnetoencephalography (MEG) imaging in demonstrator-observer dyads: a set of stimuli were first shown to a demonstrator whose defensive responses were filmed and later presented to an observer, with neuronal activity recorded from both individuals. Observers exhibited successful learning, as revealed by physiological responses and computational modeling. Sensor- and source-level results consistently demonstrated brain-to-brain coupling (BtBC) within demonstrator-observer dyads. Strikingly, BtBC in the fronto-limbic circuit (including insula, ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) predicted ensuing learning outcomes (i.e., conditioned responses). A machine learning algorithm revealed that the predictive power of BtBC on learning was magnified when a threat was imminent to the demonstrator. BtBC depended on how observers perceived their social status relative to the demonstrator, and was likely to be driven by shared attention and emotion, as bolstered by dyadic pupillary coupling. Taken together, our study describes a multi-brain mechanism for social threat learning, involving BtBC, which reflects social relationships and predicts adaptive learned behaviors.
Ultrasensitive Magneto electric Sensor based on Galfenol/ AlN structure
Authors: Haghparast M. , Tehranchi M. M. , Hamidi S. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors based on magnetoelectric (ME) structures have many applications in bio-magnetic sensors and magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanners. Enhance the sensitivity, limit of detection and main frequency of these sensors need simulation process by accurate methods such as finite element method (FEM). To get good sensitivity and efficient benefit, we use a cantilever-type composite structures including galfenol alloy as a magnetostrictive layer and AlN as a piezoelectric layer. Galfenol is an alloy of iron and gallium and its \({\text{Fe}}_{\text{0.83}}{\text{Ga}}_{\text{0.17}}\) structure has a high magnetostriction coefficient and can be used as a thin film. According to the cantilever structure, the maximum bending of the structure is 20 \(\text{μm}\). The simulated sensor has a limit of detections of 1 \(\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{pT}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$}\right.\) and can measure an AC magnetic field of 1 pT. This sensor has the best performance in the bias DC magnetic field of 2.3 mT and resonance frequency of 2521.8 Hz and has a magnetoelectric coefficient of 4865 (\(\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{V}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{cm.Oe}$}\right.\)).