bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of ca. 2.65 Ga tonalites and ca. 2.61 Ga amphibolites in the Jiefangyingzi area: Implications for the northern boundary of the North China craton
Authors: Cui Yuliang , Wang Genhou 
Published: November 2022

The Bayan Obo–Duolun–Chifeng–Kaiyuan (BDCK) Fault is considered the boundary between the North China Craton (NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, the site of this boundary from Duolun to Chifeng and Kaiyuan remains highly controversial. Here, we present an integrated study of petrology, whole‐rock geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions for tonalites and amphibolites in the Bainaimiao arc belt (BAB) to better constrain the northern NCC margin. The tonalites are similar to NCC tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites (TTGs), characterized by relatively high Na2O/K2O and Sr/Y ratios and fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns, with high light REE (LREE) but low heavy REE (HREE) concentrations. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating yields formation ages of 2599–2674 Ma, with a weighted average of 2649.6 ± 3.7 Ma. TheεHf(t) values (3.5–7.5), two‐stage model ages (2673–2793 Ma), whole‐rock positiveεNd(t) values (1.3–1.9), and two‐stage model ages (2841–2880 Ma) suggest that the Neoarchean tonalites likely originated from remelting of thickened Meso‐Neoarchean mafic crust. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb isotope data reveal that the amphibolites formed at ~2610 Ma. They have high‐Fe tholeiitic compositions and are close to normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB)‐like rocks, indicating that they were generated from partial melting of the depleted mantle. The existence of Neoarchean basement rocks, combined with seismic and isotope data, suggests that the Jiefangyingzi area is part of the Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO) in the NCC rather than part of the CAOB and that the northern boundary of the NCC in Chifeng is located north to the Jiefangyingzi area.
Are mothers under lunchbox pressure? An exploration of the experiences of Victorian mothers preparing lunchboxes for their children
Authors: Watson‐Mackie Kimberley , McKenzie Hayley , McKay Fiona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedA healthy diet is particularly important during childhood. Research suggests that more than 95% of Australian primary school aged children do not eat a diet consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines, putting them at risk of poor health. Interventions to improve the quality of children's lunchboxes may help address this issue. However, there is limited understanding of the factors impacting lunchbox preparation.MethodsThis study explored the experiences of 10 mothers of Victorian primary school students. Mothers took part in semi‐structured interviews exploring their views on lunchbox preparation and food choices. The study used a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology and data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach.ResultsAnalysis of the interviews yielded four main themes. (i) Mothers experienced a range of non‐nutritional barriers that impacted the food choices they made for their children. (ii) Children's preferences influenced parental food choices. (iii) Mothers experienced and/or perceived judgement about the food choices they make for their children. And (iv) Mothers identified a lack of support and information from schools about what was appropriate for school lunch.ConclusionFindings of this study indicate that mothers are concerned with balancing nutrition and child preferences within the broader context of guidelines, perceived or real judgement and income constraints.So What?The school environment may be an ideal setting to promote healthy eating but support for parents is needed. This is the first study in Victoria exploring mothers' perspectives on lunchbox preparation and provides initial information on which future research can build.
Cost drivers for benign hysterectomy within a health care system: Influence of patient, perioperative, and hospital factors
Authors: Kohn Jaden R. , Frost Anja S. , Tambovtseva Anastasia , Hunt Megan , Clark Katharine , Wilson Christina , Borahay Mostafa A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify patient, perioperative, and hospital factors that drive total hospital charges for benign hysterectomy.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective cohort study between July 2014 and February 2019 at five academic and community hospitals within an integrated healthcare system in the state of Maryland with a Global Budget Revenue methodology for hospital charges. Predictor variables included patient, perioperative and hospital characteristics. One‐way analysis of variance was used to compare charges among approaches. A multiple linear regression model was built to account for the interaction between covariates.ResultsA total of 2592 patients underwent hysterectomy via laparoscopic (61%), abdominal (16%), robotic (14%), or vaginal (9%) approaches. Before adjusting for covariates, laparoscopic and vaginal approaches had similar charges ($11 637 and $12 229, respectively), while robotic and open approaches had higher charges ($17 535 and $19 099, respectively). After adjusting, charges for open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches were higher than the vaginal approach ($692, $712, and $1279, respectively). Each operating room minute resulted in an increased cost of $46. Length of stay >23 h was associated with an increase of $865. Year, uterine size, body mass index, additional procedures, and transfusion influenced charges.ConclusionPerioperative and hospital characteristics significantly influence hospital charges for benign hysterectomy, more so than nonmodifiable patient characteristics. This provides opportunities to reduce healthcare expenditures, such as improving operating room efficiency and reducing length of stay.
Effects of a structural simulation curriculum for the repair of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries
Authors: Tang Pingping , Zhong Yifeng , Yin Jie , Song Yingna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the short‐term and skill‐retention effects of a structural simulation curriculum for the repair of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).MethodsThis prepost experimental study recruited 31 obstetrics and gynecology residents from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. OASIS repair skill evaluations (at all timepoints) comprised a task‐specific checklist (TSC), global rating scale (GRS), and pass/fail grade. A beef‐tongue model was adopted in the simulation curriculum. After baseline testing, residents completed a structured 1‐h workshop. Two weeks later, a second test was performed, followed by a one‐to‐one teaching workshop, with the proper completion of a checklist as the end‐point. Three months later, residents completed a third test.ResultsThe overall pass rate at baseline was 16.1%, with higher GRS scores (p = 0.035) in senior residents. Additionally, previewing the procedure before class and a history of OASIS repair observation were associated with higher TSC and GRS scores. Significant skill improvement was observed in the second and third tests, with pass rates of 96.8% and 93.5% respectively. Both TSC and GRS scores were improved compared with baseline (p < 0.001).ConclusionA structural simulation curriculum integrating deliberate practice under supervision improves OASIS repair competence and achieves satisfactory skill retention.
Effectiveness of snow harvesting and water productivity practices in combatting climate change‐induced drought in a Himalayan district of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Shankar , Chiang Jie‐Lun , Upadhyaya Sadananda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Jumla, a Himalayan district of Nepal, apples of low quality and productivity are a key challenge; this results from the severe shortage of soil moisture during the crucial phenological stages of apple growth. Recently, prolonged dry spells, reduced snowfall and increased temperature in mountain regions have resulted in shortened winters, early snowmelt and increased water stress for crops. To address these problems, in this on‐farm study, we evaluated the effectiveness of snow harvesting for irrigation during the crucial phenological stages of apple growth and mulching to increase water productivity. Quality, productivity and premature fruit drop of apple trees grown using snow harvesting and water productivity practices were compared with those of trees grown using a percolation pit and rainfed agriculture. Moreover, we performed a cost–benefit analysis to build investment confidence. Snow harvesting and water productivity practices improved fruit productivity and quality and prevented premature fruit drop. Using these methods, net income was increased by approximately 2.47 times of that generated through rainfed agriculture. Thus, snow harvesting and water productivity practices appear to be economically feasible, accessible and affordable methods that may help address climate change‐related challenges (drought and water stress) in mountain agriculture.
MODEL FOLLOWING AND POLE‐PLACEMENT SELF‐TUNERS
Authors: Clarke D. W. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThe implicit self‐tuner of Clarke and Gawthrop1 was interpreted as a model‐reference strategy by Gawthrop.2 More recently Wellstead et al.3 derived an explicit self‐tuning regulator which placed the closed‐loop poles at prescribed locations, ignoring the closed‐loop zeros. Äström and Wittenmark4 then proposed a pole‐placement servo which could, if desired, also deal with process zeros within some restricted stability region. This design was for the noise‐free case.This paper proposes a simple extension to these explicit methods, deriving a self‐tuner which encompasses both regulation and servo performance, and includes the treatment of load‐disturbances by feedforward action. The resulting algorithm is compared with that of Clarke and Gawthrop for the case of variable time‐delay. Problems associated with the resolution of the Diophantine equation involved in explicit pole‐placement strategies are explored.
SELF‐TUNING CONTROL WITH LINEAR INPUT CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Mäkilä P. M. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSelf‐tuning control in the presence of linear input constraints is considered. Quadratic one‐step criteria are used in control law computation to obtain simple input‐constrained self‐tuning regulators. The resulting algorithms involve a positive‐definite quadratic programme for control signal computation. Explicit solution to the quadratic programme is given for SISO systems and for two‐input two‐output MIMO systems. Approximation of the solution to the quadratic programme with simple saturated control laws is demonstrated to result in good control performance in the simulated examples. A saturated minimum variance control law can perform well even for a non‐minimum phase system. Design of self‐tuning regulators for MIMO systems with singular B0‐matrix is furthermore briefly discussed.
Identification of the rare yeast Cutaneotrichosporon (Trichosporon) debeurmannianum from diabetic foot infection
Authors: Yoo In Young , Heo Woong , Kwon Joo An , Lee Miran , Park Yeon‐Joon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic foot infection is the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Although most of the diabetic foot infections has been known to be caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycotic diabetic foot infection caused by Candida species has also been reported recently. Here, we present the first case of diabetic foot infection caused by Cutaneotrichosporon debeurmannianum (previously known as Trichosporon debeurmannianum).MethodsA 68‐year‐old diabetic male patient was admitted for management of the necrosis of the big toe. Wound swab culture was performed three times, and each time after 5 days of incubation, beige‐colored, wrinkled, and rough colonies were observed on chocolate agar plate.ResultsThe isolate was identified as C. debeurmannianum with the matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry system (MicroIDSys, ASTA corp.). For confirmation, the sequencing for ITS1/ITS2 and D1/D2 ribosomal DNA was also performed, and the isolate was confirmed as C. debeurmannianum with 100% identity. The isolate exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azoles and high MICs for all echinocandins.ConclusionConsidering that usual incubation time for bacterial culture of open wound specimens is only 48 h, it is important to include the request for fungus culture to detect pathogen in diabetic foot lesion.
EVAnalyzer: High content imaging for rigorous characterisation of single extracellular vesicles using standard laboratory equipment and a new open‐source ImageJ/Fiji plugin
Authors: Schürz Melanie , Danmayr Joachim , Jaritsch Maria , Klinglmayr Eva , Benirschke Heloisa Melo , Matea Cristian‐Tudor , Zimmerebner Patrick , Rauter Jakob , Wolf Martin , Gomes Fausto Gueths , Kratochvil Zdenek , Heger Zbynek , Miller Andrew , Heuser Thomas , Stanojlovic Vesna , Kiefer Jana , Plank Tanja , Johnson Litty , Himly Martin , Blöchl Constantin , Huber Christian G. , Hintersteiner Martin , Meisner‐Kober Nicole 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV) research increasingly demands for quantitative characterisation at the single vesicle level to address heterogeneity and complexity of EV subpopulations. Emerging, commercialised technologies for single EV analysis based on, for example, imaging flow cytometry or imaging after capture on chips generally require dedicated instrumentation and proprietary software not readily accessible to every lab. This limits their implementation for routine EV characterisation in the rapidly growing EV field. We and others have shown that single vesicles can be detected as light diffraction limited fluorescent spots using standard confocal and widefield fluorescence microscopes. Advancing this simple strategy into a process for routine EV quantitation, we developed ‘EVAnalyzer’, an ImageJ/Fiji (Fiji is just ImageJ) plugin for automated, quantitative single vesicle analysis from imaging data. Using EVAnalyzer, we established a robust protocol for capture, (immuno‐)labelling and fluorescent imaging of EVs. To exemplify the application scope, the process was optimised and systematically tested for (i) quantification of EV subpopulations, (ii) validation of EV labelling reagents, (iii) in situ determination of antibody specificity, sensitivity and species cross‐reactivity for EV markers and (iv) optimisation of genetic EV engineering. Additionally, we show that the process can be applied to synthetic nanoparticles, allowing to determine siRNA encapsulation efficiencies of lipid‐based nanoparticles (LNPs) and protein loading of SiO2 nanoparticles. EVAnalyzer further provides a pipeline for automated quantification of cell uptake at the single cell–single vesicle level, thereby enabling high content EV cell uptake assays and plate‐based screens. Notably, the entire procedure from sample preparation to the final data output is entirely based on standard reagents, materials, laboratory equipment and open access software. In summary, we show that EVAnalyzer enables rigorous characterisation of EVs with generally accessible tools. Since we further provide the plugin as open‐source code, we expect EVAnalyzer to not only be a resource of immediate impact, but an open innovation platform for the EV and nanoparticle research communities.
Ameliorative effect of Vitis vinifera (Linn.) seed extract on lead acetate induced oxidative damage on testis and sperm quality in Wistar rats
Authors: Yallamati Mahesh Babu , Sampath Senthil Kumar , Mary Vasanthi , Khan Muhammad Zafar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLead is considered one of the most prevalent environmental and biologically hazardous toxicants among metallic elements. It severely affects human health and especially the male reproductive system by causing reproductive organ dysfunction leading to infertility. Natural dietary antioxidants are studied for their ability to ameliorate the cells' miscellaneous damage. The current study was designed to explore the effect of Vitis vinifera (Linn.) (grape) seed extract (GSE) on lead acetate (LA)‐induced oxidative damage on testis and sperm quality in rats. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were allocated into four equal groups. Group I received distilled water; Group II received LA 50 mg/kg body weight (Bw); Group III received LA 50 mg/kg + GSE 200 mg/kg Bw; and Group IV received LA 50 mg/kg + GSE 400 mg/kg Bw (orally once a day for 28 days). After 28 days, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in the testicular tissue. The cauda of the epididymis was used to study the characteristics of the sperm, such as sperm count, motility, viability, tail‐coiled sperm, and morphology. The hematoxylin and eosin staining method was used to study histomorphology. Results revealed that LA induction significantly increased MDA concentration and decreased the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH. It also reduced the weight of the testis and testosterone hormone levels, declined the quality of sperm, and increased morphologically abnormal sperm. Moreover, LA severely altered the histomorphology of the testis, such as atrophy of the seminiferous tubule, degeneration of germinal epithelium, and increased interstitial space, compared with the control group. In Groups III and IV, coadministration of LA with GSE reduced the MDA concentration, preserved the antioxidant enzyme system and testosterone hormonal levels, restored the sperm characteristics, reduced the abnormal sperm, and improved histomorphological alterations in the testis compared with the LA‐induced group. In conclusion, GSE has a potent natural antioxidant that provides promising protection against LA‐induced testicular oxidative damage on testis and sperm quality in rats.
MRI Assessment of the Relationship Between Cortical Morphological Features and Hemiparetic Motor‐Related Outcomes in Chronic Subcortical Stroke Patients
Authors: Hong Wenjun , Zhang Xin , Liu Zaixing , Li Ming , Yu Zhixuan , Zhao Guanchun , Wang Yuxin , Sun Cuiyun , Yang Bo , Xu Rong , Zhao Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIt is unclear which cortical regions are specific to or commonly associated with the impairments of the upper/lower limbs and the activities of daily life (ADL) in stroke patients.PurposeTo investigate the relationships between MRI‐assessed surface‐based morphometry (SBM) features and motor function as well as ADL in participants with chronic stroke.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty‐five participants with subcortical stroke more than 3 months from the first‐onset (age: 56.44 ± 9.56 years; 32 male).Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted images, 3.0 T, three‐dimensional fast field‐echo sequence.AssessmentFreeSurfer (6.0) was used to parcellate each hemisphere into 34 regions based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas and to extract the surface area, volume, thickness, and curvature. The motor function and ADL were assessed by the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment for the Upper/Lower Extremity (FMA‐UE/FMA‐LE) and the Chinese version of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI‐C), respectively.Statistical TestsA linear mixed‐effect model was applied to evaluate the relationship between the morphological features and the FMA‐UE, FMA‐LE, and MBI‐C. A false discovery rate corrected P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCorrelations between the size of stroke lesion and MRI measurements did not pass the FDR correction (adjusted P > 0.05). SBM features in motor‐related and high‐order cognitive cortical regions showed significant correlations with FMA‐UE and FMA‐LE, respectively. Moreover, the thickness in the prefrontal cortex significantly positively correlated, while the surface area in the right supramarginal gyrus significantly negatively correlated, with both FMA‐UE, FMA‐LE, and MBI‐C. The thickness in the left frontal lobe significantly positively correlated with both FMA‐UE and MBI‐C.Data ConclusionThis study's findings suggest that different hemiparetic motor‐related outcomes in participants with subcortical stroke which suffered a corticospinal tract‐related injury show specific, but also share common, associations with several cortical regions.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Immune landscape of viral cancers: Insights from single‐cell sequencing
Authors: Lei Tianyu , Li Xiaohui , Wang Fuhao , Huang Qingyu , Liu Tianxing , Liu Chao , Hu Qinyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractViral infections trigger a wide range of immune responses thought to drive tumorigenesis and malignant progression. Dissecting virus‐induced changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is therefore crucial to identify key leukocyte populations that may represent novel targets for cancer therapy. Single‐cell sequencing approaches have now been widely applied to the analysis of various tumors, thus enabling multiomics characterization of the highly heterogeneous TIME that bulk‐sequencing cannot fully elucidate. In this review, we summarized key recent findings from sequencing studies of the immune infiltrate and antitumor response in virus‐associated cancers at single cell resolution. Additionally, we also reviewed recent developments in immunotherapy for virus‐associated cancers. We anticipate that the strategic use of single‐cell sequencing will advance our understanding of the TIME of viral cancers, leading to the development of more potent novel treatments.
HPV‐related cervical diseases: Alteration of vaginal microbiotas and promising potential for diagnosis
Authors: Xu Xiaoxian , Rao Huiting , Fan Xiaoji , Pang Xiangwei , Wang Yichen , Zhao Lingqin , Xing Jie , Lv Xiaojuan , Wang Tingzhang , Tao Jin , Zhang Xiaojing , Qian Jianhua , Lou Hanmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVaginal microbiota is closely associated with women's health, however, the correlation between HPV‐related cervical disease (HRCD) and vaginal microbiota is still obscure. In this study, patients with HRCD (n = 98) and healthy controls (n = 58) in Hangzhou were recruited, and their vaginal microbiota were collected and analyzed. The composition of the vaginal microbial community was explored, and a disease classification model was developed by random forest algorithm. The results suggested that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly higher in HRCDs than that in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Firmicutes is the dominant phylum in vaginal microbiota, and Lactobacillus was identified as the most altered genus between two groups (p < 0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested the difference in vaginal microbial community functions between two groups. Furthermore, we identified 10 biomarkers as the optimal marker sets for the random forest model and found a higher probability of disease values in HRCD group in discovery cohort (p < 0.0001), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reaching 89.7% (95% confidence interval: 78.3%–100%). We further validated the model in both validation and independent diagnosis cohorts, confirming its accuracy in the prediction of HRCD. In conclusion, this study revealed the community composition of vaginal microbiota in HRCDs and successfully constructed a diagnostic model for HRCD.