bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olie op het vuur: aanvullende eisen voor in-house counsel bij aanspraak op het verschoningsrecht
Authors: Eijpe D. 
Published: August 2022

Olie op het vuur: aanvullende eisen voor in-house counsel bij aanspraak op het verschoningsrecht.
Annotatie bij HR 24 mei 2022, ECLI:NL:HR:2022:760In februari 2016 heeft de recherche voor een onderzoek naar ambtelijke omkoping in Nigeria diverse documenten en digitale gegevensdragers in beslag genomen op het hoofdkantoor van Shell in Den Haag. Daartussen zijn ook documenten die zouden toebehoren aan buitenlandse in-house counsels, ook wel advocaten die in dienst zijn bij Shell. De vraag is of deze advocaten zich kunnen beroepen op hun professionele verschoningsrecht ten aanzien van deze documenten. De Hoge Raad geeft in deze uitspraak aanvullende eisen alvorens zij zich op hun professionele verschoningsrecht kunnen beroepen.
ALTERATIONS IN CENTRAL MACULAR THICKNESS AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PHACOEMULSIFICATION CATARACT SURGERY AND INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION
Authors: ALTUNKAYA Orhan , PEKEL Hamiyet , BİTİRGEN Gülfidan , ÖZKAĞNICI Ahmet 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Evaluation of central macular thickness changes with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation.
Methods: 44 eyes of 30 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included in this study. Central macular thickness measurements were performed preoperatively and postoperative 2nd week, 1st and 3rd months with optical coherence tomography. Central macular thickness values were measured at the central 1x1 mm area obtained from fovea centered 6x6 mm macular map in the OCT measurements. Preoperative values were compared with the values in the postoperative period.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.7 ± 8.7 years. The mean central macular thickness values were 268.5 µm preoperatively, 269.3 µm 2 weeks after surgery, 275.9 µm 1 month after surgery and 274.9 µm 3 months after surgery. There was no statistically significant change in the postoperative two weeks period compared with the preoperative measurements. (p = 0.536). Compared to the preoperative values, central macular thickness significantly increased 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. There was a statistically significant change in central macular thickness measurements at 1st month(p < 0.001) and 3rd months (p < 0.001) compared with the preoperative values.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that an increase in central macular thickness is not rare after uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Compared to the preoperative measurements we have demonstrated an increase in central macular thickness in the postoperative period.
Did teachers' digital literacy levels affect distance education during the covid-19 pandemic in Türkiye?
Authors: ÖNAL Özgür , BATMAZ Kıymet , YILDIRIM UZ Ayşe , USKUN Ersin , KİŞİOĞLU Ahmet Nesimi 
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study, it is aimed to examine the attitudes of teachers in Türkiye towards distance education applications, which have become a critical need during the pandemic process, and the effect of their digital literacy levels on this situation.
Materials and Methods: The research is a cross-sectional - analytical type of observational study. The research universe consists of teachers working at pre-school, primary, secondary, and high school education levels in Türkiye. The data were collected online via 'Google forms', with an online questionnaire with a total of 43 questions about distance education, including the Digital Literacy Scale.
Results: It was carried out with 748 teachers, 451 women and 297 men. According to the results of multivariate regression and path analysis, the increase in teachers' digital literacy levels and age increases the distance education attitude level. In addition, the distance education attitude levels of teachers working in high schools were found to be lower.
Conclusion: The trainings to be given to improve the digital literacy levels of teachers will increase their adaptation to distance education.
Evaluation of Practices to Prevent COVID-19 in Barbershops and Hairdressing Salons: A Descriptive Study
Authors: MEYDANLIOĞLU Ayşe , ARICAN Azime Özlem 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine the practices of barbers and hairdressers working in Antalya to prevent COVID-19.
Method: The sample of this descriptive study comprised 135 barbers and hairdressers aged 21-56 and working in Antalya. In the study, a questionnaire prepared by the researchers was administered online. Ethics committee approval, institutional permission, and participants’ informed consent for the study were obtained.
Results: The mean age of participants was 35.8±7.65, and 73.3% of them were barbers, 26.7% were hairdressers, 83% were men, 74.1% were married, and 48.9% were secondary school graduates. It was determined that attention was paid to social distancing, ventilation of the environment, disinfection of frequently touched surfaces and materials, and disinfection/ sterilization of jointly used tools and equipment. It was determined that all of the employees in the businesses wore masks, and that most of them paid attention to hand hygiene and had access to personal protective equipment. On the other hand, it was revealed that the rate of measuring customers’ and employees’ body temperature in the businesses was low, some practices not recommended in the guidelines were continued, 5.2% of the businesses had employees who were in contact with an infected person, and 25.9% of enterprises had employees who had suffered from COVID-19.
Conclusion:	As a result of this study, it was determined that barbers and hairdressers in Antalya implemented the recommended measures to prevent COVID-19 to a large extent, but that there were relaxations in some practices.
Treatment of Ingrown Toenail with a Minimally Invasive Nail Fixator: Comparative Study with Winograd Technique
Authors: Ergün Tuğrul , Korkmaz Mehmet , Ergün Dilan , Turan Kaya , Muratoğlu Osman Görkem , Cabuk Haluk 
Published: August 2022

Background: Many surgical techniques have been reported for treatment of ingrown toenails. Occurrence of infection after matricectomy procedures could cause clinicians to prefer using external braces in the treatment of ingrown toenails. This study compares patients with ingrown toenails who underwent the nail fixation technique and the Winograd technique.
Methods: Patients who underwent ingrown toenail surgery were reviewed retrospectively. The patients’ demographic characteristics (ie, age, gender, body mass index morphology according to Heifetz classification, surgical technique, visual analogue scale values, time to return to daily activities [days], complications, and satisfaction levels) were all recorded.
Results: Seventy patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 33 underwent nail fixation and 37 underwent the Winograd technique. No significant statistical differences were found in terms of patients’ age, gender, body mass index, preoperative clinical features, long-term satisfaction, and ingrown toenail recurrence rates between the two groups, but time to return to daily activities and visual analogue scale values were statistically significantly lower in patients treated using nail fixation compared with the Winograd technique.
Conclusions: Nail fixation can be an effective surgical treatment option for ingrown toenail.
Academic Integrity for All: Building Better Professionals: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), June 25, 2022
Authors:   Chiropractic Educators Research Forum
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on June 25, 2022. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in education theory and practice. This conference specifically focused on research related to academic integrity and professionalism. During the June 2022 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in-depth look at how chiropractic programs work to address academic integrity.
Screening, lipA Gene Amplification and Molecular Identification of Lipolytic Fungi from Contaminated Soils
Authors: E. Akinduyite A. , O. Abu G. , K. Agwa O. 
Published: August 2022

Lipase is a glycerol ester hydrolase that hydrolyzes esters of triglycerides. This study aimed to isolate, screen and characterize lipolytic fungi with lipA gene from soil environments. Fungi [molds and yeasts] were isolated from contaminated soil samples randomly collected from Palm oil mills, Abattoirs and Automobile servicing workshops in Eleme and Obio Akpor local governments in Rivers State, Nigeria using standard microbiological techniques. Qualitative Lipase screening assay was carried out on the fungal isolates through gel diffusion assay using Tributryin, Tween 80 and Olive oil respectively. Isolates with maximum zones of clearance were selected and screened for Lipase gene for hydrolysis of triacylglyceride [lipA gene] through Lipase gene amplification and were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer characterization.
A total of 96 fungal isolates were obtained, lipolytic screening showed 57 lipolytic strains in which 21 lipolytic fungal strains were screened from contaminated soil from palm oil mills, 17 lipolytic strains from abattoirs and 19 lipolytic strains from automobile workshops respectively. Seven isolates with maximum zones of clearance showed lipA gene in their genomic DNA and were identified as Candida orthopsilosis PMS3 [Accession No: OL546803], Fusarium proliferatum PMS4 [Accession No: OL546804], Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMS8 [Accession No: OL546805], Penicillium paxilli ABS8 [Accession No: OL546799], Pichia kudriavzevii ENS1 [Accession No: OL546800] Aspergillus niger ENS3 [Accession No: OL546801] and Trichoderma viride ENS5 [Accession No: OL546802].
This study showed that soil fungi are potential producers of biotechnologically important lipase with diverse industrial applications.
Comparison of Several Periodic Operations of a Continuous Fermentation Process
Authors: Ruan Lier , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA continuous fermentation process is modeled numerically with five periodic input functions of substrate feed rate. The results show that, for the same average feed concentration of substrate, some of the periodic input functions can improve the performance of the process, giving increased productivities. The reduced ramp‐wave function has been found to give the highest productivity.
Momentum eigenfunctions in the complex momentum plane. VI. A local potential function
Authors: Lassettre Edwin N. 
Published: July 2002

The square root of the charge density for an atom, or molecule with fixed nuclei, in its lowest electronic state (assumed to be nondegenerate and a singlet) satisfies a Schrödinger type equation with a local potential function. In momentum space the Schrödinger equation becomes: (i) 1/2 (P2+P20)χ +∫v(Q−P)χ(Q)(dQ)=0 with (ii) v(q)=[1/(2π)2]∫eiq⋅r V(dr) and q=Q−P,P0=(−2E)1/2 and χ is the momentum eigenfunction. The potential function V depends on the many-electron eigenfunction and thus provides no means for numerical calculation. However, less direct methods are available for characterizing a function by investigating its singular points. This is not readily applicable to the potential function V but is well suited to the study of the amplitude function v(q). The location and nature of singular points in the complex q plane have been obtained. The positions of the singular points are related by simple formulas to the ionization potentials of the neutral molecule and the positive ion and, except by accident, are branch points. Convergent series expansions in suitable variables are developed and the potential function is recovered by inverting the Fourier integral (ii). V for an atom is expressed as the sum of a Coulomb term, a series of Yukawa potentials e−αir/r,
and a series of functions L/r with L=∑∞m=0(m+1)(−αir/2)m /Γ2(m/2+1). The singular points of v(q) occur in pairs, ±iαi, on the imaginary axis. The constants αi are related to ionization potentials which can be determined by experiment. Singular points have also been located for the one-electron model proposed by Slater. A similar expansion for an atom gives a Coulomb term, a sum of Yukawa potentials, and a series of functions L(αir)/r. The numerical study of Garvey and Green used one Coulomb and three Yukawa potentials and obtained good agreement in energy calculations. The present research suggests that their potential function be supplemented by the function L(αir)/r.
Spectra and structure of organophosphorus compounds. XXIV. Microwave, infrared, and Raman spectra, conformational stability, and vibrational assignment for chloromethylphosphonic difluoride
Authors: van der Veken B. J. , Coppens P. , Johnson R. D. , Durig J. R. 
Published: July 2002

The microwave spectrum of chloromethylphosphonic difluoride, ClCH2P(O)F2, has been investigated in the region from 26.5 to 39 GHz. The a-type R branch transitions have been assigned for both the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopic species for the trans conformer on the basis of the rigid rotor model. For the ground vibrational state the rotational constants for the 35Cl isotope were found to be A = 4392.4±2.3, B=1543.36±0.01, and C=1512.30±0.01 MHz and for the 37Cl isotope: A=4395.3±2.7, B=1502.04±0.01, and C=1472.54±0.01 MHz. With reasonably assumed structural parameters for the C–H and P=0 distances as well as the HCH angle, a diagnostic least-squares adjustment was utilized to obtain the other six structural parameters. The dipole moment components were determined from the Stark effect to be ‖μa‖ =2.28±0.05, ‖μb‖ =0.75±0.02, and ‖μt‖ =2.40±0.02 D. The infrared (3500–40 cm−1) and Raman (3500–20 cm−1) spectra of the gas and solid have been recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the liquid has been recorded and qualitative polarization values have been obtained. Both
the trans and gauche conformers have been identified in the vibrational spectrum of the fluid phases. From a temperature study of the Raman spectrum of the liquid phase the enthalpy differencebetween the trans and gauche conformers was determined to be 370±50 cm−1 (1.06 kcal/mol) with the trans conformer being thermodynamically preferred. Band contour simulation of the infrared gas phase bands also shows that the trans conformer is more stable in this phase. Upon crystallization only the trans conformer remains in the solid state. The asymmetric torsion for the trans conformer was observed as a series of closely spaced Q branches beginning at 82.5 cm−1 and falling to lower frequency and the corresponding transitions for the gauche conformer begin at 72.9 cm−1. These transitions have been used to obtain the potential constants for the asymmetric rotation. All of the normal modes have been assigned based on band contours, depolarization values, and group frequencies. A normal coordinate calculation has been carried out by utilizing a modified valence force field to calculate the frequencies and the potential energy distribution. All of these results are compared to similar quantities in some corresponding molecules.
Surface-suppressed electron resonance spectroscopies
Authors: Barkley P. Glenn , Hornak Joseph P. , Freed Jack H. 
Published: July 2002

Surface-suppressed electron resonance spectroscopies (SSERS) refers to the phenomenon in which stable paramagnetic radicals adsorbed on clean (noble) metal surfaces have their ESR signal suppressed. This phenomenon is studied in some detail by ultra-high-vacuum ESR (UHV-ESR) and cyclotron resonance from microwave-induced secondary electron emissions (CREMSEE) in combination with conventional thermal desorption. The UHV-ESR is performed in situ on the inner surface of the microwave cavity after leaking in stable nitroxides as previously described by Nilges and Freed. In the SSERS phenomenon, the first layers of nitroxide deposited on the metal surface do not give rise to an observable ESR signal, even though a significant decrease in the CREMSEE microwave power threshold, Pt, is observed. It is consistently found (for several nitroxides and noble metals) that an ESR signal is observed only when Pt has dropped to of the order of 20 (±10)% of its initial value. The ESR signal then increases monotonically with increased dosage. Also, a correlation between these measured reductions in Pt, and the estimated surface coverages required for initial observation of the ESR signal, is suggested by our results. It may be that SSERS is (partly) due to the first layer of nitroxide interacting strongly by exchange forces to the surface conduction band of the metal, so that the ESR signal is too broadened to be observed. Subsequent nitroxide layers may also be affected through their interaction with previous layers by weaker exchange forces. This is consistent with experiments in which a related but diamagnetic species is
utilized to form the initial adsorbed layers, and it is found to act as an ‘‘insulator’’ for the subsequent nitroxide layers. (On the other hand, surfaces pretreated with O2 or O2/H2O mixtures had very little effect on SSERS observed with Ag surfaces, although it had some effect, in the sense of a weak insulator, with Cu surfaces.) The change in ESR signal upon warming was correlated with the observed pressure changes. In some cases there are unusual nonmonotonic variations of the ESR signal strength, inconsistent with observed desorption of nitroxide, that are also believed to be due to SSERS. The possible role of temperature-dependent surface wetting effects is briefly considered.
Mechanism of phase transitions affecting intramolecular electron transfer in trinuclear mixed-valence transition-metal compounds
Authors: Kambara Takeshi , Hendrickson David N. , Sorai Michio , Oh Seung M. 
Published: July 2002

Intramolecular electron delocalization in discrete mixed-valence transition metal complexes in the condensed phase depends not only on the electronic structure of a single complex but also sensitively on the details of the packing arrangement [D. N. Hendrickson, S. M. Oh, T.-Y. Dong, T. Kambara, M. J. Cohn, and M. F. Moore, Comments Inorg. Chem. 4, 329 (1985)]. The problem of how the cooperative properties of mixed-valence complexes in the solid state depend on the electron localization and/or delocalization in a single complex is studied theoretically. A phenomenological intermolecular interaction which depends on the sense and the magnitude of molecular distortion arising from the electron localization is introduced. A theoretical model is developed based on molecular field theory in order to show what types of phase transitions relating to the electron delocalization are possible in the trinuclear mixed-valence compounds and how the electronic structure of constituent molecules determines the type of phase transition. There are three types of phase transitions: (1) Order–disorder transition with respect to the alignment of the sense of molecular distortion associated with the electron localization; (2) static localization–delocalization transition, where the molecular distortion disappears above the transition temperature and electrons are coherently delocalized on three transition metal ions; (3) dynamical localization–delocalization transition in which the delocalization comes from fast electron transfer between three transition-metal ions and the molecular structure is changed from a static distortion to a dynamical distortion. The theoretical model is used to explain the observed temperature dependencies of heat capacity and Mössbauer spectra for the trinuclear mixed-valence complex
[Fe3O(O2CCH3)6(py)3](py), where (py) is pyridine [S. M. Oh. T. Kambara, D. N. Hendrickson, M. Sorai, K. Kaji, S. E. Woehler, and R. J. Wittebort, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 5540 (1985); M. Sorai, K. Kaji, D. N. Hendrickson, and S. M. Oh, ibid. 108, 702 (1986)]. The first-order phase transition at ∼112 K is assigned as an order–disorder transition and the higher-order transition at ∼190 K is assigned as a dynamical localization–delocalization transition.
Isomerization and unimolecular dissociation channels of the oxalic acid monomer
Authors: Bock Charles W. , Redington Richard L. 
Published: July 2002

The results of molecular orbital calculations performed for the oxalic acid monomer using the 6-31G, 6-31G*(5d), 6-31G**(5d), and MP2/6-31G*(5d) levels are reported. At the latter three levels of approximation the geometry with intramolecular hydrogen bonds is calculated to have the lowest energy, and the energies calculated for planar rotational conformers fall within about 2 kcal/mol of one another. The barrier hindering internal rotation of the carboxyl groups about the C–C bond for the nonhydrogen bonded conformer is calculated to be less than 1 kcal/mol, and secondary potential energy wells for gauche, rather than for the expected cis, carbonyl orientation are found about 300 cal/mol above the trans conformer at the 6-31G level. Vibrational frequencies calculated at the 6-31G level for the H-bonded conformer average about 9% higher than the observed values. On including electron correlation at the MP2 level the barrier calculated for the concerted, symmetrical, transfer of two protons between equivalent potential energy minima is 31.9 kcal/mol. This value is probably an upper bound. When electron correlation is ignored, calculations for the transfer of a single proton lead to a potential energy well that stabilizes an (HO)2CCO2 configuration with C2v symmetry at an energy 26–28 kcal/mol above that of the H-bonded ground state conformer. When electron-correlation is included at the MP2 level there is a saddle point in the PES instead. This is the transition state for proton exchange by successive transfers, and a search for its position at the MP2 level was not made. However, energy values of 25.7 and 36.6 kcal/mol are calculated using MP2/6-31G*(5d) at optimized 6-31G critical point geometries, and these values are taken as temporary estimates for the MP2 level transition state energies for two-step proton exchange and for decarboxylation, respectively. It remains to be determined whether the stepwise proton exchange channel will be present for higher level calculations. The results of these MO calculations are consistent with the experimental observations of Lapidus, Barton, and Yankwich
yielding first order kinetics, a low activation energy (31.5 kcal/mol), and complex kinetic isotope effects for the thermal decarboxylation of the oxalic acid monomer. Because of its importance in this reaction, calculations of the 1,2 H atom shift of dihydroxycarbene are also reported.