bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in randomized controlled trials and non‐randomized controlled trials in Japan: A systematic review
Authors: Kadowaki Takashi , Shoji Ayako , Taguchi Yurie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to understand the characteristics of type 2 diabetes subjects enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs according to therapeutic regimens through systematic literature review.Materials and MethodsPubMed and the database of the Japanese Medical Abstract Society (ICHUSHI) were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2019 reporting the efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering drugs in Japanese individuals with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes, and therapeutic regimens, demographics and clinical characteristics at the baseline were extracted. We evaluated the treatment arms, not the placebo arms.ResultsThe literature searches identified 2,656 publications, 145 of which met all eligibility criteria and included 282 eligible arms. In the past 10 years, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor was the most frequently studied in both RCTs and non‐RCTs. Regarding the characteristics of enrolled subjects, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist have been studied more in relatively obese subjects, and insulin has been studied in higher proportion of subjects with disease duration ≥10 years. Most of the RCTs included subjects aged 55–64 years, whereas a higher proportion of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and insulin arms in the non‐RCTs included those aged ≥65 years. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor were evaluated in subjects with no abnormalities in blood pressure or lipid parameters; however, only a few reports of those parameters have been assessed with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist and insulin.ConclusionsAs RCTs and non‐RCTs differ in the baseline characteristics of type 2 diabetes subjects, it is necessary to integrate and evaluate both to understand the actual treatment status of type 2 diabetes.
Quality analysis of all‐purpose wheat flour pasteurized with radiofrequency‐assisted hot air heating
Authors: Chen Qianyi , Wu Tao , Morgan Mark T. , Chen Jiajia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) is a promising technology for preheating wheat flour for pasteurization but may influence its quality and functional properties. This study evaluated the quality and functionality change of bleached and unbleached, all‐purpose wheat flours after treating with RF and/or extended hot air heating at three processing temperatures (80, 85, and 90°C). The moisture content, color, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test, flour swelling power, and solvent retention capacity (SRC) tests were measured. The moisture content of both bleached and unbleached samples decreased after the RF treatment, and the extended hot air heating further increased the moisture loss. The ΔE values of color change were less than two for all processing conditions, indicating little color change. The SDS results showed that the sedimentation volumes decreased after the thermal treatments, indicating decreased relative gluten strength. The flour swelling power increased after the RF and the extended hot air heating. The SRC tests measured the flour retention in four different solvents of 5% lactic acid, 5% sodium carbonate, 50% sucrose, and water, and their values were within the reported ranges of a variety of flour samples. The gluten performance index calculated from the four SRC values decreased after RF and extended hot air heating. The results showed that most heating conditions significantly changed the overall quality of flour samples, statistically (p < 0.05). However, the absolute changes of the values were small and within ranges of the reported values. Thus, the RF‐assisted pasteurization may not influence the practical applications of the treated flour for different flour‐based products.Practical ApplicationRF is a promising technology for preheating flour for pasteurization. The study found that the RF‐treated all‐purpose flours showed significant quality and functional properties change, statistically, but the absolute changes of the properties were small and within ranges of the reported values. Thus, RF heating and extended hot air heating can be used to pasteurize wheat flours without influencing their practical application.
Overnight pulse rate variability and risk of major neurocognitive disorder in older patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sabil AbdelKebir , Blanchard Margaux , Annweiler Cédric , Bailly Sébastien , Goupil François , Pigeanne Thierry , Trzepizur Wojciech , Gervès‐Pinquié Chloé , Gagnadoux Frédéric ,   the Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort study group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence links obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to cognitive decline. Autonomic dysfunction assessed by heart rate variability is a promising early biomarker of cognitive impairment in populations without major neurocognitive disorder (MND). We aimed to determine whether nocturnal pulse rate variability (PRV) extracted from oximetry signal and OSA severity could predict MND onset among older OSA patients.MethodsThis study relied on data collected within the multicenter longitudinal Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort, linked to health administrative data to identify new‐onset MND. We included patients ≥60 years with newly diagnosed OSA, and no history of MND or atrial fibrillation. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to evaluate the association of MND with indices of PRV and OSA severity generated from sleep recordings.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 6.8 [4.7–9.4] years, 70 of 3283 patients (2.1%) had been diagnosed with MND. In multivariable Cox models, MND incidence was associated with age (p < 0.0001), depression (p = 0.013), and PRV assessed by the root mean square of the successive normal‐to‐normal (NN) beat interval differences (RMSSD; p = 0.008) and standard deviation of NN beat intervals (SDNN; p = 0.02). Patients with the highest quartile of RMSSD had a 2.3‐fold [95%CI 1.11–4.92] higher risk of being diagnosed with MND. Indices of OSA and nocturnal hypoxia severity were not associated with MND.ConclusionsWithin a large clinic‐based cohort of older patients with OSA, we found an association between oximetry‐based indices of PRV and the onset of MND. Nocturnal oximetry‐derived PRV indices could allow the early identification of OSA patients at higher risk of MND.
Modified cued recall test in the French population with Down syndrome: A retrospective medical records analysis
Authors: Sacco S. , Falquero S. , Bouis C. , Akkaya M. , Gallard J. , Pichot A. , Radice G. , Bazin F. , Montestruc F. , Hiance‐Delahaye A. , Rebillat A.‐S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to genetic predisposition. Identification of patients with AD is difficult since intellectual disabilities (ID) may confound diagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the French version of the modified cued recall test (mCRT) to distinguish between subjects with and without AD in the adult DS population.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐centre, medical records study including data between March 2014 and July 2020. Adults aged ≥30 years with DS who had at least one mCRT record available were eligible. Age, sex and ID level were extracted, and subjects were attributed to three groups: patients with AD, patients with co‐occurring conditions that may impact cognitive function and subjects without AD. mCRT scores, adjusted by sex, age and ID level, were compared between groups. The optimal cut‐off value to distinguish between patients with and without AD was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The impact of age and ID level on mCRT scores was assessed.ResultsOverall, 194 patients with DS were included: 12 patients with AD, 94 patients with co‐occurring conditions and 88 healthy subjects. Total recall scores were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in patients with AD compared with healthy subjects. The optimal cut‐off value to discriminate between patients with AD and healthy subjects was 22, which compares well with the cut‐off value of 23 originally reported for the English version of the mCRT. Patients aged 30–44 years had higher mCRT total recall scores compared with patients aged ≥45 years (P = 0.0221). Similarly, patients with mild ID had higher mCRT scores compared with patients with severe ID (P < 0.0001).InterpretationThe mCRT is a sensitive tool that may help in the clinical diagnosis of AD in subjects with DS. Early recognition of AD is paramount to deliver appropriate interventions to this vulnerable population.
Perceived racial discrimination partially mediates racial‐ethnic disparities in dental utilization and oral health
Authors: Singhal Astha , Jackson John W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPerceived racial discrimination has been associated with poor health outcomes, yet its impact on oral health disparities is not understood. We examine the role of perceived racial discrimination in healthcare settings in explaining racial‐ethnic disparities in dental visits and tooth loss.MethodsWe used behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) data for 2014 from four diverse states (AZ, MN, MS and NM) that included “reactions to race” module. Using Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios, we employed inverse odds ratio(IOR)‐weighted estimation for mediation analyses to estimate the role of perceived discrimination, after equalizing other confounders and risk factors.ResultsWe found that among those with similar risk factors, those who experienced racial discrimination were 15% less likely to visit a dentist, and 12% more likely to have tooth loss than those who were treated same as other races. Both Hispanics and non‐Hispanic Blacks were 26% less likely to visit a dentist (for Hispanics, RR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.69–0.78; for non‐Hispanic Blacks, RR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.70–0.79), and non‐Hispanic Blacks were 36% more likely to have tooth loss relative to non‐Hispanic Whites with similar risk factors (RR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.28–1.45). Perceived discrimination appears to contribute to racial‐ethnic disparities in dental utilization among Hispanics, and disparities in tooth loss among non‐Hispanic Blacks, relative to non‐Hispanic Whites.ConclusionsPerceived racial discrimination partially explains the racial‐ethnic disparities in dental utilization and tooth loss among those who otherwise share the same risk factors for these outcomes. Addressing discrimination and systemic racism can reduce the racial‐ethnic disparities in oral health.
Anti‐racist approaches to increase access to general and oral health care during a pandemic in the Pacific Islander community
Authors: Oishi Matthew M. , Robley Rachelle , Inada Megan K. , Hiramoto Jason 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLimited data exists on Pacific Islander (PI) health, but a growing body of literature reports the existence of racial discrimination and inequities and mistrust of the healthcare system, leading to poor health outcomes. When COVID‐19 restricted health services, such inequities and mistrust due to historical trauma were magnified. This report describes one federally qualified health center's dental department's response utilizing culture‐based approaches, community relationships, and the social determinants of health (SDOH) to dispel the stigma of COVID and restrictions on in‐person care in order to lower barriers to accessing care. When the dental department transitioned to emergency‐only care, staff were redeployed to address significant inequities facing the PI community. Redeployment activities included building relationships with the most vulnerable patients, delivering healthy foods, supplies, oral hygiene kits to households, and canvasing neighborhood businesses with public health education. The mobile dental clinic, a trusted symbol in the community, also brought public health education to community testing events and food distributions. From March 2020 to July 2020, staff conducted over 800 outreach calls for health and food security, delivered over 2000 care packages and oral hygiene kits. Also, frequent community outreach by the mobile dental clinic led to a 10‐fold increase in COVID testing. Investing in relationship building can maintain access to health care and build trust in the health care system for PI communities. This approach may be relevant to others serving other communities experiencing racism.
Slipping through the cracks: Just how underrepresented are minorities within the dental specialties?
Authors: Poole Tera , Jura Matthew , Taylor George , Gates Paul , Mertz Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of diversity in the dental workforce. Efforts to enhance underrepresented minority (URM) recruitment and retention within dental school exist, but little effort has been made to track URM providers through education and practice. This study assesses the status of workforce diversity in the dental specialties and the predictors of URM dentist specialization.MethodsThe primary data used were a 2012 national sample survey of Hispanic/Latino (H/L), Black, or American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) dentists in the US, supplemented by publicly available workforce data. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to describe the demographic composition of URM clinical general and specialist dentists and analyze changes in proportions of URMs specializing among age cohorts, differences in specific type of specialization, and racial concordance between specialists and their patients.ResultsThe pathway continues to winnow with fewer URM dentists in specialty practice. Among all URM clinical dentists being first in his/her family to obtain a college degree, having a strong desire to work in his/her own cultural community or joining a loan repayment program due to debt load independently predicted lower odds of specialization. Alternatively, being initially foreign trained as a dentist and valuing professional training were independently predictive of higher odds of specialization.ConclusionThe lack of diversity within the dental specialties is a critical flaw in our education and care delivery systems demanding clear actions toward improving the pathway into residency programs for URM students.
The combined impact of direct and indirect ties on innovation: The moderating role of similarity in alliance subtypes
Authors: Yang Zhangbo , Shu Chengli , Gao Shanxing , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFirms increasingly use networks of alliances to pursue innovation. The current innovation literature has offered insights into how direct ties (between a focal firm and its partners, forming direct alliances) and indirect ties (between a focal firm's partner and its partners' partners but not including the focal firm, forming indirect alliances) function as independent antecedents to corporate innovation. It is, however, unclear how direct ties and indirect ties work in combination to impact innovation in a focal firm. Moreover, because different subtypes of financial or marketing alliances may operate with distinct governance structures and offer heterogeneous or incoherent resources for exchange, similarity in financial or marketing alliance subtypes, defined as the degree of overlap in financial or marketing alliance subtypes between direct and indirect ties, may significantly influence the extent to which corporate innovation can benefit from these ties. This study aims to examine the combined impact of direct and indirect ties on a focal firm's innovation by considering the moderating role of similarity in financial or marketing alliance subtypes. The results obtained by analyzing a longitudinal dataset extracted from US firms operating in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries support our hypotheses. Direct ties and indirect ties in combination have a negative effect on innovation as measured by patents and this effect is less negative when similarity in financial alliance subtypes is greater but more negative when similarity in marketing alliance subtypes is greater. We extend the innovation and alliance network literatures by offering novel evidence that direct and indirect ties in combination may diminish a focal firm's innovation and that such a negative combined effect depends on similarity in financial or marketing alliance subtypes.
Overcoming the negative role of nostalgia in consumer reactions to automated products
Authors: Kremer Patrick , Feurer Sven , Kim Ju‐Young , Hoeffler Steve 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomated products that take over tasks that consumers used to carry out themselves are becoming increasingly sophisticated, but consumers continue to resist such innovations. Drawing on the status quo bias as a theoretical framework, this article investigates the role of nostalgia in consumer reactions to product automation in a series of six experiments with almost 1500 participants. The first four experiments converge on a consistent finding: a high (versus low) degree of automation reduces consumers' nostalgic feelings about past consumption episodes, which in turn decrease nostalgia‐prone consumers' product evaluations. Against this backdrop, we conduct two additional experiments to determine how firms' communication tactics can overcome the negative role of nostalgia proneness in consumer reactions to automated products. We conclude that managers involved in the marketing of automated products should assess the level of nostalgia in their target groups, and align both their intended positioning for the automated product and the decision to automate critical tasks within the product design that may evoke nostalgic feelings in consumers. Furthermore, when consumers are nostalgia‐prone, managers should craft their launch communication tactics such that the focus is diverted from the automated task itself.
A cluster analysis to explore the burden of primary caregivers of children with cancer in Oman
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Al‐Dhawyani Amal Mohammed , Al Hinai Karima , Al‐Azri Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeFew studies have sought to evaluate the risk burden of primary caregivers, particularly in Oman. This study aimed to explore whether different risk patterns of caregiver burden exist among the primary caregivers of Omani children with leukemia.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between May and November 2020. A total of 101 primary caregivers of children with leukemia were recruited from a public hospital in Oman. The Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) was used to assess caregiver burden.ResultsA two‐step cluster analysis indicated that the cohort was not homogeneous (silhouette value: 1.41). Caregivers in Cluster 1 (n = 42; 41.6%) were relatively older, less educated, and had a higher caregiving burden (mean CBI score: 37.7 ± 19.9). In contrast, caregivers in Cluster 2 (n = 59; 58.4%) were younger, more highly educated, and had a moderate caregiving burden (mean CBI score: 26.3 ± 13.6). As such, Clusters 1 and 2 were characterized as the “high‐risk” and “moderate‐risk” burden groups, respectively.Practice ImplicationsThis study highlights the need for a policy draft to target and reduce the caregiver burden in Oman, Nursing professionals should seek to develop and implement customized care depending on the caregiver risk burden, including additional financial, psychological, and physical support. They should seek to stratify caregivers by risk burden as some groups may require additional support. However, in light of recent precautionary measures due to the current pandemic situation, such services will have to be provided online or via telephone instead of in person for the foreseeable future.
Pulmonary impairment independently determines mortality in critically ill patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Schulz Martin S. , Mengers Jan , Gu Wenyi , Drolz Andreas , Ferstl Philip G. , Amoros Alex , Uschner Frank E. , Ackermann Nora , Guttenberg Georg , Queck Alexander , Brol Maximilian J. , Graf Christiana , Stoffers Philipp , de la Vera Anna‐Lena Laguna , Cremonese Carla , Erasmus Hans‐Peter , Welker Martin W. , Grünewaldt Achim , Arroyo Vincente , Bojunga Jörg , Fernandez Javier , Zeuzem Stefan , Kluwe Johannes , Peiffer Kai‐Hendrik , Welsch Christoph , Fuhrmann Valentin , Rohde Gernot , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsIn ACLF patients, an adequate risk stratification is essential, especially for liver transplant allocation, since ACLF is associated with high short‐term mortality. The CLIF‐C ACLF score is the best prognostic model to predict outcome in ACLF patients. While lung failure is generally regarded as signum malum in ICU care, this study aims to evaluate and quantify the role of pulmonary impairment on outcome in ACLF patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 498 patients with liver cirrhosis and admission to IMC/ICU were included. ACLF was defined according to EASL‐CLIF criteria. Pulmonary impairment was classified into three groups: unimpaired ventilation, need for mechanical ventilation and defined pulmonary failure. These factors were analysed in different cohorts, including a propensity score‐matched ACLF cohort.ResultsMechanical ventilation and pulmonary failure were identified as independent risk factors for increased short‐term mortality. In matched ACLF patients, the presence of pulmonary failure showed the highest 28‐day mortality (83.7%), whereas mortality rates in ACLF with mechanical ventilation (67.3%) and ACLF without pulmonary impairment (38.8%) were considerably lower (p < .001). Especially in patients with pulmonary impairment, the CLIF‐C ACLF score showed poor predictive accuracy. Adjusting the CLIF‐C ACLF score for the grade of pulmonary impairment improved the prediction significantly.ConclusionsThis study highlights that not only pulmonary failure but also mechanical ventilation is associated with worse prognosis in ACLF patients. The grade of pulmonary impairment should be considered in the risk assessment in ACLF patients. The new score may be useful in the selection of patients for liver transplantation.
High levels of inbreeding with spatial and host‐associated structure in lice of an endangered freshwater seal
Authors: Virrueta Herrera Stephany , Johnson Kevin P. , Sweet Andrew D. , Ylinen Eeva , Kunnasranta Mervi , Nyman Tommi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHost‐specialist parasites of endangered large vertebrates are in many cases more endangered than their hosts. In particular, low host population densities and reduced among‐host transmission rates are expected to lead to inbreeding within parasite infrapopulations living on single host individuals. Furthermore, spatial population structures of directly‐transmitted parasites should be concordant with those of their hosts. Using population genomic approaches, we investigated inbreeding and population structure in a host‐specialist seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infesting the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis), which is endemic to Lake Saimaa in Finland, and is one of the most endangered pinnipeds in the world. We conducted genome resequencing of pairs of lice collected from 18 individual Saimaa ringed seals throughout the Lake Saimaa complex. Our analyses showed high genetic similarity and inbreeding between lice inhabiting the same individual seal host, indicating low among‐host transmission rates. Across the lake, genetic differentiation among individual lice was correlated with their geographic distance, and assignment analyses revealed a marked break in the genetic variation of the lice in the middle of the lake, indicating substantial population structure. These findings indicate that movements of Saimaa ringed seals across the main breeding areas of the fragmented Lake Saimaa complex may in fact be more restricted than suggested by previous population‐genetic analyses of the seals themselves.