bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the role of innovation and market structure on trade performance: is Schumpeter right?
Authors: Guei Kore 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe goal of the paper is to examine the dynamics between innovation, market structure and trade performance. Firstly, the author first investigates the effects of innovation on trade performance. Secondly, the author then examines how market structure affect trade by classifying industries based on their innovation intensity.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses a detailed level data set of eight OECD countries in a panel of 17 industries from the STAN and ANBERD Database. The author employs both a pooled regression and a two-stage quantile regression analysis. The author first investigates the effects of innovation at the aggregate level, and then the author assesses the effects at the disaggregated or firm level.FindingsThe author finds that at the aggregate level, innovation and market size have a positive and significant effect on competitivity in most of the specifications. However, innovation is negatively associated with trade performance in the case of bilateral trade between Spain and the Netherlands. Also, the sectoral analysis provides evidence that the innovation-trade nexus depends on technological classification. The author shows that: (1) the effect of innovation activity on trade performance economic performance is lower for the high technology and high concentration (HTHC) market compared to the low technology (LT) market; (2) the impact of innovation on economic performance is ambiguous for firms in the high technology and low concentration (HTLC) market.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the database provides a rich data set on industrial data, it fails to provide innovation output such as patent data which may underestimate the innovation activities of firms that do not have a separate R&D records. In the current context of subdue economic growth these research results have important policy implications. Firstly, the positive impact of innovation on trade performance strengthens its role for sustainable development. The negative coefficient on innovation is an indication that research intensity in some cases has not been able to create a new demand capable to boost economic performance.Practical implicationsThe market classification analysis provides new evidence that innovation in the LT market has the potential to enhance competition. Secondly, market size supports industries that are competing in the international market. Policy makers must therefore put in place incentives to encourage firms to grow in size if they want to remain globally competitive.Social implicationsSustainable development can be supported through investment in research and development in the low technology sector.Originality/valueThe study is the first as far as the author knows, to examine the impact of innovation on bilateral trade performance using industry level data from OECD countries. Secondly, the author complements the existing literature by examining how innovation activities (classified as high technological intensive or low technological intensive) affect trade performance.
Leader–member exchange, work–family enrichment and their effects on mental health: the moderating role of remote e-work
Authors: Islam Md Shamirul , Amin Muslim , Karatepe Osman M. , Herjanto Halimin 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of leader–member exchange (LMX) and work–family enrichment (WFE) on anxiety and depression, social functioning and loss of confidence as three dimensions of mental health. Furthermore, the paper aims to investigate telework and information and communication technology-based mobile work (TICTM) as a moderator of the effects of LMX and WFE on mental health.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 214 Bangladeshi employees in the public and private sectors via an online survey. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis were performed to gauge the abovementioned linkages.FindingsThe findings reveal that LMX fosters employees' social functioning while it mitigates their losing confidence. The findings further indicate that WFE enhances social functioning while alleviating anxiety and depression. However, TICTM did not act as a moderator of the effects of LMX and WFE on three dimensions of mental health.Originality/valueDespite a plethora of empirical studies on LMX and WFE, no empirical studies have examined the effect on employee mental health as well as TICTM as a moderator in these linkages in the extant service literature so far. This paper set out to fill in these voids.
Mitigating visual impacts of built structures: the contribution of mayors in the collaborative managing of a UNESCO cultural landscape
Authors: Aimar Fabrizio 
Published: July 2022

PurposeAnalyses of cultural landscapes need to combine natural and social-cultural components to promote discussions on landscape planning and heritage management. This qualitative research explores the integrated case study of ten municipalities in the “Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato”, Italy, a UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscape. The research aims to raise awareness of its aesthetic-perceptive features, the importance of effective identification of visual impacts and to promote mitigation strategies/actions for updating the current Management Plan.Design/methodology/approachTwo rounds of interviews and focus groups with mayors were performed in 2015 and 2020 to identify trends and drivers of change affecting the territories. Potential mitigation strategies and actions were voted on and selected in response to five critical themes that emerged from the survey, mainly related to real estate and its supplies.FindingsThe results suggest tools and policies in the fields of landscape architecture and landscape design that could benefit planning and management at different levels. They support the design of sustainable scenarios, improving mayors' understanding of the significance of cultural landscapes and promoting them as heritage managers. Furthermore, they intend to preserve the authenticity of the landscape by supporting its attributes for long-term conservation.Originality/valueThe research makes an original contribution on the visual implications of anthropogenic landscape transformations in ten municipalities constituting this serial property, six years after its UNESCO nomination (2014).
Impact of fiscal consolidation on economic growth: the Tunisian case
Authors: Mtibaa Ameni , Lahiani Amine , Gabsi Foued badr 
Published: July 2022

PurposeDeparting from the expansionary austerity literature, this study aims at examining how fiscal consolidation affects the economic growth in Tunisia using annual data over the period 1970–2018.Design/methodology/approachTo revisit the fiscal consolidation-economic growth nexus, the ambiguous empirical findings in previous literature make useful the adoption of alternative econometric techniques. The authors use an extended nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach developed by Shinet al. (2014) and the Diks and Panchenko's (2006) nonlinear Granger causality test. Furthermore, a traditional approach based on changes in cyclically-adjusted primary balance was applied to define the fiscal consolidation episodes in Tunisia.FindingsThe empirical evidence reveal that fiscal adjustment in Tunisia may hurt the economy, both in the short- and long-run, through its contractionary effect on economic growth. Another important finding concerns the unidirectional nonlinear Granger causality running from fiscal consolidation to economic growth.Practical implicationsFiscal adjustment in Tunisia is found to play a prominent role in reducing public debt; but at the same time, it may be costly and not beneficial to the economy. This view corroborates with the fact that fiscal consolidation is more likely to end successfully only under specific conditions. This calls for a deeper reflection upon new insights regarding the design of fiscal adjustment in Tunisia. To reach this end, it is suggested to combine the defensive consolidation strategy with offensive components such as investment, infrastructure, education and health.Originality/valueThe existing economic analysis on fiscal policy-growth nexus in Tunisia has often identified fiscal consolidation through the use of the actual fiscal balance. With the goal of more accurate estimation, this study bridges the gap by using the cyclically-adjusted primary balance (CAPB) as a much suitable indicator to investigate the non-Keynesian effect of fiscal consolidation in Tunisia. This indicator eliminates the influence of cyclical fluctuations and many other fixed expenditures such as the interest paid on the public debt.
Police internal affairs units: results from a national survey
Authors: Harris Christopher , Perry Sean 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to obtain information regarding the personnel, policies and practices of Internal Affairs (IA) units in large, municipal, US police departments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors administered an 85-question survey to 436 departments that employed 100 or more full-time sworn officers in 2019 to inquire about their IA units, and 198 (45.4%) responded.FindingsThe authors find considerable variation in terms of the organization and management of IA units, frame policy findings in terms of IA’s best practices specified by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services and find variation in adherence to these practices as well; some policies and practices are almost universally adopted, while others are much less frequently followed or even go against best practices.Originality/valueThere has only been a single study conducted of IA units and that is over three decades old. This study provides a much-needed expansion and update regarding the form and function of IA units in the US.
Disrupted citric acid metabolism inhibits hair growth
Authors: Shi Xiangguang , Chen Yahui , Yang Kai , Zhu Yifei , Ma Yanyun , Liu Qingmei , Wang Ji'an , Ni Chunya , Zhang Yue , Li Haiyang , Lin Jinran , Wang Jiucun , Wu Wenyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHair follicles (HFs) play an essential role in sustaining a persistent hair growth cycle. The activities of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and other cells inside the HFs dominate the process of hair growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate the role of citric acid (CA) metabolism in hair growth, we evaluated the effect of citrate synthase (CS)–CA axis on hair growth in vivo and in vitro. Mice hair growth was evaluated by morphology and histopathology analysis. The inflammation and apoptosis levels in mice, HFs, and DPCs were detected by immunohistofluorescence, qPCR, ELISA, western blot, and TUNEL assay. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis in DPCs were analyzed by real‐time cell analysis and flow cytometer. We found that subcutaneous injection of CA in mice caused significant hair growth suppression, skin lesion, inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and promotion of catagen entry, compared with the saline control, by activating p‐p65 and apoptosis signaling in an NLRP3‐dependent manner. In cultured human HFs, CA attenuated the hair shaft production and accelerated HF catagen entry by regulating the above‐mentioned pathways. Additionally, CA hampered the proliferation rate of DPCs via inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Considering that citrate synthase (CS) is responsible for CA production and is a rate‐limiting enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, we also investigated the role of CS in CA metabolism and hair growth. As expected, knockdown of CS reduced CA production and reversed CA‐induced hair growth inhibition, anagen shrink, inflammation, and apoptosis both in HFs and DPCs. Our experiments demonstrated that CS–CA axis serves as an important mediator and might be a potential therapeutic target in hair growth.
Physiological responses of the xero‐halophyte Salsola drummondii to seasonal alterations of environmental conditions in a salt desert
Authors: Rasheed Aysha , Koyro Hans‐Werner , Hameed Abdul , Gul Bilquees 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal climate changes of rising temperature are threatening food security by causing desertification in many arid and semi‐arid regions. Morpho‐physiological adaptations in xero‐halophytes under extreme conditions such as high temperature, drought, and salinity could provide information for producing more resilient cash crops. This study examined seasonal variations in growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, water, and ion relations of the xero‐halophyte Salsola drummondii in its natural habitat. The resistance of Sa. drummondii to seasonal alterations was related to plant interactions with soil and atmosphere. Leaf succulence, organic weight, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, compatible solutes, and antioxidant enzyme activities correlated well with precipitation, soil moisture, and electrical conductivity. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased during the monsoon period with low vapor pressure deficit and moderate temperature. Sa. drummondii responded to reduced water availability by decreasing leaf succulence, xylem pressure, and osmotic potentials like a typical C4 plant displaying water and energy‐saving seasonal adjustment. C4 mode of photosynthesis, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and accumulation of compatible solutes could be involved in protection against photo‐oxidative stress. This study highlights the importance of physiological and biochemical adaptations of Sa. drummondii to seasonal alterations in a salt desert and could serve as a model for future crop development in arid‐saline habitats.
An Assessment of the Resilience of Local Government in England: Was it Well‐Equipped to Overcome the Covid‐19 Pandemic?
Authors: Arrieta Tania 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores the resilience of local government in England and its ability to cope during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The resilience of local government is explored in three areas: its ability to cope financially; contain and manage risks; and promote civic engagement and collaborations with other sectors. By drawing on the evolutionary perspective of resilience, the article explores whether local government in England was well‐equipped to overcome a crisis of such scale. In particular, it does so by exploring the institutional context of local government and how it shaped the resilience of local government and influenced its ability to develop the type of resources needed to cope with the Covid‐19 crisis. The analysis shows a mixed and complex picture. While there is evidence that points to the ability of local government to contain the risks of the pandemic, protect their communities and engage in innovative practices, there is also evidence that points to the fragility and vulnerabilities of local government. The article concludes that local government was not well‐equipped to overcome the pandemic crisis, thus affecting its ability to provide a better response to, and management of it.
Canceling the admission priority of private schools enlarges housing price gap in public school districts: Evidence from Shanghai's new admission policy
Authors: Zhu Pengyu , Zhang Yi , Wang Juan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 2018, Shanghai implemented an admission policy that canceled the admission priority of private schools to promote education equity. Since this policy is a unique measure for adjusting private and public school competition and discouraging private school choice priority, little is known about the policy effects. In this research, to examine the impact of the new admission policy on the capitalization of public education quality, we apply boundary fixed effect and Difference in Differences (DID) analysis to housing transaction records before and after the policy. The admission policy on average led to an additional 2% housing price premium for every standard deviation increase in public school quality. However, this average increase in premium was mainly driven by elite (top 5%) school districts, where an additional 8.6% housing price premium was generated by the policy. Housing prices in nonelite school districts, on the other hand, demonstrated no significant changes. These results indicate that the policy enlarges the housing price gap among school districts with different education quality. Thus, rather than promoting education equity, this policy may overall worsen the housing affordability in good public‐school districts and make access to quality education more exclusive.
Recognition of big mammal species in airborne thermal imaging based on YOLO V5 algorithm
Authors: XIE Yonghua , JIANG Jueze , BAO Heng , ZHAI Penghui , ZHAO Yue , ZHOU Xiaoyu , JIANG Guangshun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, artificial intelligence, and the relevant hardware can be used for monitoring wild animals. However, existing methods have several limitations. Therefore, this study explored the monitoring and protection of Amur tigers and their main prey species using images from UAVs by optimizing the algorithm models with respect to accuracy, model size, recognition speed, and elimination of environmental interference. Thermal imaging data were collected from 2000 pictures with a thermal imaging lens on a DJI M300RTK UAV at the Hanma National Nature Reserve in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia, Wangqing National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, and Siberian Tiger Park in Heilongjiang Province. The YOLO V5s algorithm was applied to recognize the animals in the pictures. The accuracy rate was 94.1%, and the size of the model weight (total weight of each model layer trained with the training set) was 14.8 MB. The authors improved the structures and parameters of the YOLO V5s algorithm. As a result, the recognition accuracy rate became 96%, and the model weight was 9.3 MB. The accuracy rate increased by 1.9%, the model weight decreased by 37.2% from 14.8 MB to 9.3 MB, and the recognition time of a single picture was shortened by 34.4% from 0.032 to 0.021 s. This not only increases the recognition accuracy but also effectively lowers the hardware requirements that the algorithm relies on, which provides a lightweight fast recognition method for UAV‐based edge computing and online investigation of wild animals.
Seasonal change of circulating leptin associated with testicular activities of the wild ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus)
Authors: YU Wenyang , FAN Sijie , WANG Xi , ZHU Jueyu , YUAN Zhengrong , HAN Yingying , ZHANG Haolin , WENG Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the variations in the circulating leptin concentrations of the wild ground squirrels in relation to seasonal changes in testicular activities. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining showed all types of elongated spermatids and spermatogenic cells existed in the testis in April, while the primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia were most advanced stages of germ cells in June. In addition, the primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatogonia were most advanced stages of germ cells in September. The highest circulating leptin concentration was consistent with the maximum body weight results from accumulation of adipose tissue in September. The mRNA expression level of leptin receptor (Ob‐R) and STAT3 was lowest in June, raised in September, and remained increased in April. Ob‐R and STAT3 were stronger staining in the Leydig cells in July. Moreover, the concentrations of testosterone (T) showed the maximum values in April, the minimum values in June, and significant increases in September. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the levels of T increased with the mRNA levels of Ob‐R, STAT3, StAR, and testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3β‐HSD, P450c17, and P450scc). Moreover, RNA‐seq analyses of testis during the different periods showed that a total of 4209 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs); further analysis revealed that DEGs related with the Jak/STAT pathways and reproduction were altered. Taken together, the results suggested that the leptin regulated testicular function through the Jak/STAT pathways and testicular steroidogenic factor expressions.
Comparison of six anthropometric measures in discriminating diabetes: A cross‐sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Liu Xiao‐cong , Liu Ying‐shan , Guan Hai‐xia , Feng Ying‐qing , Kuang Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI), are insufficient for evaluating the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of new anthropometric measures and a combination of anthropometric measures for identifying diabetes.MethodsA total of 46 979 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program were included in this study. Anthropometric measures, including weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (CI), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI), were calculated. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between the anthropometric indices and diabetes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the discrimination of different anthropometric measures.ResultsAll anthropometric measures were positively and independently associated with the risk of diabetes. After adjusting for covariates, the per SD increment in WC, WtHR, and CI increased the risk of diabetes by 81%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. In the ROC analysis, CI showed superior discriminative ability for diabetes (area under the curve 0.714), and its optimum cutoff value was 1.31. Results of the combined use of BMI and other anthropometric measures showed that among participants with BMI <30 kg/m2, an elevated level of another metric increased the risk of having diabetes (P < .001). Similarly, at low levels of weight, CI, and ABSI, an elevated BMI increased diabetes risk (P < .001).ConclusionsWtHR and CI had the best ability to identify diabetes when applied to the US noninstitutionalized population. Anthropometric measures containing WC information could improve the discrimination ability.