bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective Depression Mediates PTSD to Suicide in a Sample of Treatment-Seeking First Responders
Authors: Whitworth James , Galusha Jeanine , Carbajal Jose , Ponder Warren N. , Schuman Donna L. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the associations of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), affective or somatic depression, and suicide among first responders (FRs).

Method
We used baseline data from FRs (N = 232) who sought services at a nonprofit mental health agency specializing in treating trauma exposed FRs. We conducted two PROCESS simple mediation models with PTSD as the predictor, affective depression and somatic depression as the mediators, and suicidality as the dependent variable.

Results
Affective depression significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD and suicidality, whereas somatic depression did not. The direct effect of PTSD on suicidality was not significant.

Limitations
These data are cross-sectional and should be followed up with longitudinal analyses across the course of treatment.

Conclusions
To reduce suicide risk, it is recommended that clinicians target affective depression instead of PTSD symptoms.
Postmenopausal Vaginal and Cervical Cancer Risk Related to In Utero Diethylstilbestrol Exposure
Authors: Wamakima Bridgette W. , McKinney Sara , Bookman Laura , Gompers Annika , Hacker Michele R. , Farid Huma 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero have an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower genital tract, requiring lifelong cervical and vaginal cancer screening. We examined the incidence of DES-related cancers in postmenopausal women 50 years and older.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients 50 years and older exposed to DES in utero who received care at our institution. Patients were identified using billing codes and/or searching through the electronic record for the word DES. With this 2-pronged approach, we reviewed a total of 503 charts with confirmed DES exposure to identify gynecologic cancer occurrence.

Results
Within the 503 selected charts, 28 cases of gynecologic cancer occurrence were identified. Ten patients had cervical cancer and one patient had vaginal cancer. Only 1 woman of 503 developed a DES-related cervical or vaginal malignancy after age 50 years. No patients were diagnosed with cervical or vaginal cancer after age 65 years.

Conclusions
Diethylstilbestrol-related malignancies are rare in those older than 50 years. Current cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend cessation of screening in an average risk, adequately screened patient at age 65 years, but patients exposed to DES have historically received lifelong screening. However, we found no cases of cervical or vaginal cancer related to DES after age 65 years, suggesting that screening recommendations could be changed for these patients to align with current screening guidelines.
Immunotherapy Provides Electrophysiological Recovery and Excellent Clinical Response in Sjogren’s Syndrome–Linked Quite Severe Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Sokmen Okan , Temucin Cagri Mesut , Ayhan Seker Cansu , Tan Ersin 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
The autonomic system is frequently affected in Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), but presentation with severe autonomic neuropathy is infrequent. Herein, we present a patient with primary SS-linked autonomic neuropathy, which is significantly clinic and electrophysiological responsive to immunotherapy.

Case Report:
A 29-year-old female patient was admitted to our neurology department with recurrent syncope, postural light-headedness, and weight loss. Neurological examination revealed tonic pupils. The baseline composite autonomic symptom score-31 was 51 (0 to 75), and baseline functional ability score was 10 (0 to 100%). In the follow-up, syncope episodes that frequently develop during the day required the patient to lie in the supine position in bed all day and were triggered even by coming to a slightly sitting position. Neurophysiologic testing showed evidence of cardiovagal and sudomotor impairment. The patient was diagnosed with SS after detailed investigations. A 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was given, and she continued IVIg once a month. After 6 months, she could walk long distances without support, and gastrointestinal complaints and syncopes had significantly decreased. After ~1.5 years, she had a composite autonomic symptom score-31 score of 11 and a functional ability score of 80%. Control heart rate variability analysis showed a significant improvement in the values of SD of the RR interval and root mean square of successive RR interval differences.

Conclusions:
In SS-linked severe autonomic neuropathy, immunotherapy can provide electrophysiological recovery in addition to excellent clinical response.
Clonal-pattern Seborrheic Keratosis
Authors: Goldsmith Joshua F. , Montaser Kouhsari Laleh , Tahan Steven R. 
Published: October 2022

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign epidermal tumor. Seborrheic keratosis with clonal pattern (CPSK) displays histologic features distinct from other subtypes of SK (non-CPSK). We sought to quantitatively assess the risk of recurrence and progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), either in situ or invasive, of incompletely excised CPSKs. We studied all 244 cases from 238 patients of “seborrheic keratosis, clonal pattern” diagnosed in our institution over a 10-year period (2008-2018). Demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up data were gleaned from electronic health records. Following glass slide review, CPSK lesions were divided into 2 groups: CPSK with cytologic atypia and CPSK without cytologic atypia. For comparison, 107 non-CPSKs were studied as controls. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years (median=4 y). All lesions were incompletely excised. Eighteen of 244 CPSKs (7.4%) recurred at or adjacent to the site of initial partial removal compared with 1.9% of non-CPSKs. Five of the 18 (28%) recurrent CPSKs recurred as CPSK, 11 (61%) as SCC in situ, and 3 (17%) as invasive SCC. The mean time to recurrence was 3.1 years. Two non-CPSKs recurred as non-CPSKs. Overall CPSKs were more likely to recur than non-CPSKs (P=0.04). CPSKs with atypia were more likely to recur than CPSKs without atypia (P=0.03). The upgrade rate to SCC at least in situ of all recurrent CPSK lesions with atypia was 78%. Our results suggest that pathologists should report the presence of clonal pattern when observed in seborrheic keratoses, indicate the presence of atypia, and provide lesional margin assessment.
Recovery and Resiliency in 29 Big Cities: Results From the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey
Authors: Juliano Chrissie , Schaffer Kay , Gambatese Melissa 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Big Cities Health Coalition member health departments (BCHC HDs) serve more than 61 million people across their jurisdictions, nearly 20% of the US population. As such, they have particular challenges and opportunities in how they do their work. This article focuses on BCHC HDs that participated in the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) and describes workplace perceptions, training needs, COVID-19 efforts, and well-being.

Objective:
To describe key characteristics of the governmental public health workforce among BCHC HDs, including demographics, perceptions, and needs.

Design:
Using a subsample of data from the 2021 PH WINS that included 29 BCHC HDs, descriptive statistics on many of the topics covered by the 2021 PH WINS were analyzed and compared with the 2017 PH WINS.

Setting:
Twenty-nine BCHC HDs in cities across the United States.

Participants:
In total, 7922 of 29 661 staff members (response rate of 27%) from participating BCHC HDs.

Results:
Most BCHC HD respondents self-identified as a woman (76%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75%-77%), and as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (69%, 95% CI: 68%-70%), similar to findings from the 2017 PH WINS (75%, 95% CI: 74%-76%; 67%, 95% CI: 66%-69%, respectively). Most respondents believe that their organization prioritizes diversity, equity, and inclusion (70%, 95% CI: 69%-72%). Thirty percent (95% CI: 29%-32%) intend to leave their organizations within 1 year, and 18% (95% CI: 17%-19%) plan to retire within 5 years. Staff connect their work with agency goals and priorities (86%, 95% CI: 85%-87%) and are determined to give their best effort every day (91%, 95% CI: 90%-91%).

Conclusion:
As the need for an all-encompassing focus on COVID-19 lessons, BCHC HDs should continue to focus on prioritizing staff retention, enhancing communication between senior staff and employees, and fostering an environment where innovation and creativity are rewarded.
Subchorionic Hematoma Volume Measured by Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis in the Prediction of First-Trimester Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Xu Chaoli , Wang Wenrong , Yang Bin , Zhu Minmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) size measured by virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) with the first-trimester pregnancy outcome. A total of 139 first-trimester pregnancies from 6 to 12 weeks of gestational age with SCH were included. The circumference, area, and volume of the SCH (Cs, As, and 3DVs) and gestational sac (Cg, Ag, and 3DVg) were automatically calculated by VOCAL. Interobserver agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. Odds ratios for the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of adverse pregnancy outcomes were estimated by univariate or multivariable logistic regression. There was high interobserver agreement in VOCAL measurements of the SCH and gestational sac (intraclass correlation coefficients, >0.900). By univariate regression analysis, women with adverse pregnancy outcomes were more likely to have vaginal bleeding, a larger As and 3DVs, and higher Cs/Cg, As/Ag, and 3DVs/3DVg ratios (all P < 0.05). In the multivariable regression analysis, a higher 3DVs/3DVg ratio of SCH (odds ratio, 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.015–1.053; P = 0.000) and vaginal heavy bleeding had a significant positive relationship with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio, 7.846; 95% CI, 1.104–55.737; P = 0.039) remained associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. With 11.87% as the cutoff, the receiver operating characteristic curve yielded a good predictive performance (area under the curve, 0.713) and high sensitivity (91.18%). The measurements of SCH by VOCAL provide high reliability for estimating the total hematoma burden in first-trimester pregnant patients. A greater volume proportion (3DVs/3DVg) of SCH worsens the pregnancy outcome, and a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome also associated with the severity of vaginal bleeding.
Short-Term Outcomes of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy-guided Resection and Anastomosis Control in Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Geyik Fatih Dogu , Dogruyol Talha , Kahraman Selime , Arslan Gulten , Saracoglu Kemal Tolga , Demirhan Recep 
Published: October 2022

Background:
In thoracic surgery practice, bronchial closure and anastomosis are relatively easy in technical terms; however, it is also the procedure that is most open to the development of complications with high morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous evaluation of bronchial closure under fiberoptic bronchoscopy guidance during lung resection on the development of complications.

Materials and Methods:
Patients aged over 18 years who underwent elective lung resection in our clinic between 2017 and 2021 were included in the study. Postoperative complications were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 61.4±10.4 years, and 267 patients were male (75.4%) and 87 (24.6%) were female. Thoracotomy was performed in 258 (72.9%) patients and lung resection with the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery technique in 96 (27.1%) patients. During the follow-up, complications were observed during the first 30 days in 78 (22.0%) of the patients and later in 9 (2.5%). Surgical mortality occurred in 11 patients (3.1%), and the rate of readmission to the intensive care unit was 5.6% (n=20).

Conclusion:
We consider that the control of the resection line with the active use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy during surgery is important for the prevention of the development of bronchial morbidity. Complications in the early period can be reduced by ensuring that the remaining bronchus is not narrowed, there are no residual stump structures that may disrupt the bronchial line, such as cartilage, and bronchial washing is frequently undertaken.
Interischial Spine Distance Is a Simple Index of the Narrow Pelvis That Can Predict Difficulty During Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection
Authors: Ichikawa Nobuki , Homma Shigenori , Yoshida Tadashi , Emoto Shin , Imaizumi Ken , Matsui Hiroki , Tani Michio , Miyaoka Yoichi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
A narrow pelvis makes laparoscopic rectal resection difficult. This study aimed to evaluate whether a simple measurement on computed tomography can predict procedural difficulty.

Methods:
A total of 62 patients with low rectal cancer underwent conventional laparoscopic low anterior resection. The interischial spine (IS) distance (ie, the distance between the ischial spines) was measured on an axial computed tomography slice. The operative time, blood loss, and time from the insertion of linear staplers to completion of clamping on the distal end of the rectum (clamp time) were compared between patients with narrow or wide pelvises.

Results:
Overall, 42 men and 20 women with low rectal cancer were assessed. The mean tumor size was 34.5 mm. Total or tumor-specific mesorectal excisions were performed in all cases; high ligation and resection of the inferior mesenteric arteries were carried out in 92% of patients. The mean operative time and blood loss were 206 minutes and 15 mL, respectively. Four patients (6.5%) experienced postoperative complications, including 2 anastomotic leaks (3.2%). The mean IS distance was 93.3 mm. In simple linear regression analysis, a shorter IS distance correlated with a longer operative time (R
2=0.08, P=0.030) and the clamp time (R
2=0.07, P=0.046). Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a narrow pelvis was defined as an IS distance <94.7 mm. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that an IS distance <94.7 mm (odds ratio: 3.51; P=0.04) was independently associated with a longer clamp time.

Conclusions:
The IS distance is a simple and useful measurement for predicting the difficulty of laparoscopic low anterior resection.
Compliance with education on evidence-based oral hygiene principles among dental students and staff: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Alizadeh Mahasti , Nastarin Parastou , Talebpour Amin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study aims to assess compliance with evidence-based criteria regarding oral hygiene principle education provided for children and adolescents in the Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry.

Introduction:
Oral health problems might lead to lowering the quality of life amongst children and adolescents; so, providing education regarding oral health principles is of great importance.

Methods:
Eight audit criteria were assessed using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tool. Barriers were identified and dental students and staff were instructed by the team members and asked to educate children and adolescents referred to orthodontic department about oral hygiene practices. Changes in audit criteria were collected by direct observation and interview and reported using descriptive statistics.

Results:
In the follow-up phase, the percentage of patients who were advised to brush their teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice a day, floss daily, and seek regular dental check-ups increased, as compared with the baseline audit (37, 43 and 33%, respectively). Professional fluoride application, fissure sealant and individualized intervention and/or prevention treatment plans increased by 30, 35 and 15%, respectively in the follow-up phase; while advice on diet and risks of alcohol, tobacco and smoking increased by 93%.

Conclusion:
The use of standard clinical audit tools in dentistry wards causes improvement in the compliance with providing oral hygiene principle instructions among dental students and staff. Standard tools can increase the effectiveness of corrective interventions by identifying weaknesses in the patient care process correctly.
Compliance with best practice recommendations for colonoscopy bowel preparation among hospitalized patients at a tertiary adult hospital
Authors: Ullah Hamid , Chima Charles C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Proper bowel preparation is essential to successful colonoscopies. The quality of bowel preparation is often poorer in the inpatient settings compared with outpatient settings. This can result in repeat procedures and increased hospital length of stay.

Objective:
The aim of this evidence implementation project was to assess and improve compliance with best practice recommendations for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy.

Methods:
The project was done in three phases for patients hospitalized at a tertiary adult hospital: the initial audit; clinical practice change that included providing patients with both oral and written education about bowel preparation; and a follow-up audit.

Results:
The baseline audit showed that the hospital was already fully compliant with two out of four best practice criteria. For two criteria with poor compliance rates at baseline, we improved compliance for criterion 1 (giving patients both oral and written education about bowel preparation) from 8 to 40%, while compliance rate for criterion 4 [using 2 l polyethylene glycol – (PEG) or adding ascorbic acid to 4 l PEG] remained at 0% at the end of the intervention.

Conclusion:
The JBI evidence implementation program provided a structured approach to analyze colonoscopy bowel preparation practices and develop strategies to align policies with the best practice recommendation of providing written education about bowel preparation. However, there is need for more conclusive evidence to identify the most ideal inpatient bowel preparation formulation.
Engaging in word recognition elicits highly specific modulations in visual cortex
Authors: White Alex L. , Kay Kendrick , Tang Kenny , Yeatman Jason D. 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYA person’s cognitive state determines how their brain responds to visual stimuli. The most common such effect is a response enhancement when stimuli are task-relevant and attended rather than ignored. In this fMRI study, we report a surprising twist on such attention effects in the visual word form area (VWFA), a region that plays a key role in reading. We presented participants with strings of letters and visually similar shapes which were either relevant for a specific task (lexical decision or gap localization) or ignored (during a fixation dot color task). In the VWFA, the enhancement of responses to attended stimuli occurred only for letter strings, whereas the shapes evokedsmallerresponses when attended than when ignored. The enhancement of VWFA activity was accompanied by strengthened functional connectivity with higher-level language regions. These task-dependent modulations of response magnitude and functional connectivity were specific to the VWFA and absent in the rest of visual cortex. We suggest that language regions send targeted excitatory feedback into the VWFA only when the observer is trying to read. This feedback enables the discrimination of familiar and nonsense words, and is distinct from generic effects of visual attention.
Coupled functional physiological phenotyping and simulation model to estimate dynamic water use efficiency and infer transpiration sensitivity traits
Authors: Sun Ting , Cheng Rui , Sun Yudong , Jiang Rujia , Wang Zhuoyi , Fang Pingping , Wu Xinyang , Ning Kang , Xu Pei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs agricultural drought becomes more frequent worldwide, it is essential to improve crop productivity whilst reducing the water consumption to achieve a sustainable production. Plant transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE) collectively determine the yield performance, yet it is challenging to balance the two in breeding programs due to still insufficient mechanistic understanding of the traits. Here we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of calculating dynamic and momentary WUE by coupling WUE model and the state-of-the-art functional physiological phenotyping (FPP). We also present the method of quantifying genotype-specific traits reflecting sensitivity of transpiration to radiation (STr-Rad) and vapor pressure deficit (STr-VPD), under evolving developmental stage and water availability. Using these methods, we revealed the genotypic difference of STr-Radand STr-VPDin three watermelon accessions, the dramatic change in each of them across the drought treatment phases, and the quantitative impacts of them on dynamic WUE patterns. Based on our results and computational simulations, a general principle for transpiration ideotype design is proposed, which highlights the benefits of lowering STr-VPDto increase WUE and increasing STr-Radto offset the decline of Tr. FPP-enabled phenomic selection will help screen for elite crops lines with desired transpiration sensitivities.
Structural surfaceomics reveals an AML-specific conformation of Integrin-β2 as a CAR-T therapy target
Authors: Mandal Kamal , Wicaksono Gianina , Yu Clinton , Adams Jarrett J. , Hoopmann Michael R. , Temple William C. , Escobar Bonell Patiño , Gorelik Maryna , Ihling Christian H. , Nix Matthew A. , Naik Akul , Ramos Emilio , Kasap Corynn , Steri Veronica , Serrano Juan Antonio Camara , Salangsang Fernando , Phojanakong Paul , McMillan Melanie , Gavallos Victor , Leavitt Andrew D. , Sinz Andrea , Huang Benjamin J. , Stieglitz Elliot , Smith Catherine C. , Moritz Robert L. , Sidhu Sachdeva S. , Huang Lan , Wiita Arun P. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTSafely expanding indications for cellular therapies has been challenging given a lack of highly cancer-specific surface markers. Here, we explore the hypothesis that tumor cells express cancer-specific surface protein conformations, invisible to standard target discovery pipelines evaluating gene or protein expression, that can be identified and immunotherapeutically targeted. We term this strategy, integrating cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) with glycoprotein surface capture, “structural surfaceomics”. As a proof of principle, we apply this technology to acute myeloid leukemia, a hematologic malignancy with dismal outcomes and no known optimal immunotherapy target. We identify the activated conformation of integrin-β2 as a structurally-defined, widely-expressed, AML-specific target. We develop and characterize recombinant antibodies to this protein conformation, and show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells eliminate AML cells and patient-derived xenografts without notable toxicity versus normal hematopoietic cells. Our findings validate an AML conformation-specific target antigen while demonstrating a toolkit for applying these strategies more broadly.