bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐gain and wideband differentially fed circularly polarized planar aperture antenna
Authors: Sun Yurong , Meng Wenwen , Xu Juan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel circularly polarized (CP) planar aperture antenna that is completely self‐designed and manufactured with high gain and wideband is proposed in this paper. The antenna adopts a differential feed network so that the energy is evenly transmitted to the radiation patch. By surface current analysis, the closed loop with linearly polarized (LP) characteristics is changed into two arms of different lengths to generate CP radiation. The uniformity and symmetry of energy improve the wideband and high‐gain performance of the antenna. The fabricated antenna prototype has the characteristics of a wideband of 33.3% (28.1–39.3 GHz) and an average gain of 11.4 dBic, which could achieve 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 12.4% (35.2–39.6 GHz) and a stable left‐handed CP and radiation patterns throughout the operating bandwidth with a peak gain of 15.8 dBic.
Synthesis of uniform amplitude sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped‐beam patterns by sharing element rotations and positions
Authors: Liu Foxiang , Liu Yanhui , Li Chunquan , Zhang Qiqi , Feng Naixing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, a novel method of synthesizing sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped‐beam patterns is proposed by finding a set of common element rotations and positions along with individual excitation phases. Compared with most shaped multiple‐pattern synthesis methods using nonuniform amplitude excitations, the proposed method adopts the uniform amplitude excitation and exploits the element rotation as a supplementary degree of array freedom. Such a method enables each amplifier to work at its optimal level and avoids the usage of unequal power dividers for the array feeding network, thus reducing the cost, space, and weight of the radiation system. The shaped multiple‐pattern synthesis problem with multiple constraints including the peak sidelobe level, cross‐polarization level, minimum element spacing, and array length is formulated and optimized by particle swarm optimization. Two examples for synthesizing sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped‐beam patterns are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Synthesis results show that the proposed method can save antenna elements and avoid the usage of unequal power dividers for test cases. Moreover, the full‐wave simulations are also conducted in these two examples.
Fast analysis of wideband scattering problems using universal characteristic mode basis functions
Authors: Wang Zhonggen , Wang Pan , Sun Yufa , Nie Wenyan , Wu Juan , Lin Han 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ultra‐wideband characteristic basis function method (UCBFM) is known as an effective technique for analyzing the wideband scattering problems, where the ultra‐wideband characteristic basis functions (UCBFs) can be reused for any sampling frequency in the range of interest. However, these UCBFs need to be constructed via an external excitation source, and the number of UCBFs is generally large for the increasing size of target, which leads to an increased size of the reduced matrix. To mitigate these problems, a universal characteristic mode basis function method (UCMBFM) is proposed in this study. Unlike the existing UCBFM, the construction of universal characteristic mode basis functions (UCMBFs) proposed in this study are only dependent on the impedance matrix, which is essentially determined by the material and shape of objects. Therefore, these UCMBFs are independent of frequency and can be reused at lower frequency band. Moreover, in proposed scheme, the number of UCMBFs and the size of reduced matrix are both less, when compared to traditional UCBFM. Finally, the corresponding numerical results demonstrate that efficiency and accuracy can be achieved by the proposed method.
Milestones of progression in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2
Authors: Hamel Johanna I. , McDermott Michael P. , Hilbert James E. , Martens William B. , Luebbe Elizabeth , Tawil Rabi , Moxley Richard T. , Thornton Charles A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsDisease progression in myotonic dystrophy (DM) is marked by milestone events when functional thresholds are crossed. DM type 2 (DM2) is considered less severe than DM type 1 (DM1), but it is unknown whether this applies uniformly to all features. We compared the age‐dependent risk for milestone events in DM1 and DM2 and tested for associations with age of onset and sex.MethodsWe studied a large cohort of adult participants in a national registry of DM1 and DM2. Using annual surveys from participants, we ascertained milestone events for motor involvement (use of cane, walker, ankle brace, wheelchair, or ventilatory device), systemic involvement (diabetes, pacemaker, cancer), loss of employment due to DM, and death.ResultsMean follow‐up of registry participants (929 DM1 and 222 DM2 patients) was 7 years. Disability and motor milestones occurred at earlier ages in DM1 than in DM2. In contrast, the risk of diabetes was higher and tended to occur earlier in DM2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56;P ≤ .001). In DM1, the milestone events tended to occur earlier, and life expectancy was reduced, when symptoms began at younger ages. In DM1, men were at greater risk for disability (HR, 1.34;P ≤ .01), use of ankle braces (HR, 1.41;P = .02), and diabetes (HR, 2.2;P ≤ .0001), whereas women were at greater risk for needing walkers (HR, 0.68;P = .001) or malignancy (HR, 0.66;P ≤ .01).DiscussionMilestone events recorded through registries can be used to assess long‐term impact of DM in large cohorts. Except for diabetes, the age‐related risk of milestone events is greater in DM1 than in DM2.
Use of oral rehydration solution and intravenous fluid in home settings for adults with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Izzo Kristin , Feczko Samantha , Park Ji Seok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough both oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) and intravenous fluids (IVFs) were initially developed to treat severe dehydration from diarrhea due to cholera, they are the mainstays of treatment for patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Advances in medical care have provided an expansion of new concepts on existing ideas, including adaptations of ORSs, pharmaceutical introductions of new oral and enteral products, and supply chain limitations of intravenous products necessitating the development of novel clinical practices. The evaluation and understanding of a patient's hydration status, socioeconomic status, compliance to therapies, and, finally, the ability to obtain actual products all play an integral role in determining the best plan of care to manage fluid balance in the presence of SBS. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach, including a dietitian, medical provider, pharmacist, and others, is crucial to create a collaborative and comprehensive look at a complicated patient to individualize treatment options. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical and current use of ORSs and IVFs to maintain fluid balance and combat dehydration from SBS, describe the challenges patients and healthcare providers have been faced with, and provide recommendations for future research to overcome these barriers.
A mixed finite element formulation for elastoplasticity
Authors: Nagler Michaela , Pechstein Astrid , Humer Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present article, provides a novel mixed finite element formulation for elastoplasticity which is suitable for the discretization of thin‐walled structures using highly anisotropic volume elements. We present a thermodynamically consistent framework for the modeling of elastoplastic stress response, where dissipative effects are considered through a dissipation function instead of explicit flow rules. Along these lines, a mixed incremental principle, in which stresses are included as independent unknowns, is derived. We propose to employtangential‐displacement normal‐normal‐stress(TDNNS) elements for a Galerkin discretization of the underlying variational problem. These elements were originally developed for linear elasticity, where it could be shown that they do not suffer from shear locking if the element's aspect ratio deteriorates. Excellent computational performance and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated in several benchmark problems.
Electrospun extracellular matrix scaffold improves cardiac structure and function post‐myocardial infarction
Authors: Hayam Rotem , Ertracht Offir , Zahran Sharbel , Baruch Limor , Atar Shaul , Machluf Marcelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current unmet clinical need for post‐myocardial infarction (MI) treatments has driven the development of diverse scaffolds for regenerating the infarcted area, based on natural and synthetic polymers. Decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for cardiac regeneration, due to its unique bioactivity and microstructure that mimic the natural tissue. We have previously reported the development of an electrospun pcECM cardiac scaffold that was shown to preserve the mechanical, structural, and biological properties of cardiac ECM while allowing a controllable reproducible production. In the present work, however, we reveal the potential of this unique scaffold as a possible treatment post‐MI. Two types of electrospun pcECM scaffolds, varying in thickness, were applied to rat hearts, 4 weeks following MI induction, thus allowing cardiac deterioration and a scar tissue formation before treatment (chronic model). Our results show moderated remodeling, decreased scar, and reduced wall thinning accompanied by a partial functional recovery in the hearts of both treatment groups when compared to the control. When examining the different structural and functional parameters of the heart, however, the advantage of the thicker electrospun pcECM scaffold is revealed. Hence, significant improvement was obtained in important structural parameters such as wall thickness and functional parameters such as ejection fraction. Altogether, our results indicate the potential applicability of electrospun pcECM scaffolds for cardiac regeneration, establishing the basis for advanced preclinical research using large animal models.
Context‐specific roles of diphthamide deficiency in hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Authors: Tu Wei‐Ling , Chih Yu‐Chan , Shih Ya‐Tung , Yu Yi‐Ru , You Li‐Ru , Chen Chun‐Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiphthamide biosynthesis protein 1 (DPH1) is biochemically involved in the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post‐translational modification of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2). Earlier studies showed that DPH1, also known as ovarian cancer‐associated gene 1 (OVCA1), is involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, the role of DPH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. To investigate the impact of DPH1 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we performed data mining from The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA‐LIHC) dataset. We found that reduced DPH1 levels were associated with advanced stages and poor survival of patients with HCC. Also, we generated hepatocyte‐specific Dph1‐deficient mice and showed that diphthamide‐deficient EEF2 resulted in a reduced translation elongation rate in the hepatocytes and led to mild liver damage with fatty accumulation. After N‐diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced acute liver injury, p53‐mediated pericentral hepatocyte death was increased, and compensatory proliferation was reduced in Dph1‐deficient mice. Consistent with these effects, Dph1 deficiency decreased the incidence of DEN‐induced pericentral‐derived HCC and revealed a protective effect against p53 loss. In contrast, Dph1 deficiency combined with Trp53‐ or Trp53/Pten‐deficient hepatocytes led to increased tumor loads associated with KRT19 (K19)‐positive periportal‐like cell expansion in mice. Further gene set enrichment analysis also revealed that HCC patients with lower levels of DPH1 and TP53 expression had enriched gene‐sets related to the cell cycle and K19‐upregulated HCC. Additionally, liver tumor organoids obtained from 6‐month‐old Pten/Trp53/Dph1‐triple‐mutant mice had a higher frequency of organoid re‐initiation cells and higher proliferative index compared with those of the Pten/Trp53‐double‐mutant. Pten/Trp53/Dph1‐triple‐mutant liver tumor organoids showed expression of genes associated with stem/progenitor phenotypes, including Krt19 and Prominin‐1 (Cd133) progenitor markers, combined with low hepatocyte‐expressed fibrinogen genes. These findings indicate that diphthamide deficiency differentially regulates hepatocellular carcinogenesis, which inhibits pericentral hepatocyte‐derived tumors and promotes periportal progenitor‐associated liver tumors. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chemical characterisation by UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS and antibacterial potential of Coffea arabica L. leaves: A coffee by‐product
Authors: Mesquita Júnior Gilmar Alves de , da Costa Ygor Ferreira Garcia , Mello Valéria de , Costa Fabiano Freire , Rodarte Mirian Pereira , Costa Juliana de Carvalho da , Alves Maria Silvana , Vilela Fernanda Maria Pinto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoffea arabica L. leaves are considered a by‐product of the coffee industry however they are sources of several bioactive compounds.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial activity of the lyophilised ethanol extract of arabica coffee leaves (EE‐CaL).Material And MethodsThe chemical characterisation of EE‐CaL was performed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS). The in vitro antibacterial effect of EE‐CaL was evaluated using the broth microdilution method and the adapted drop plate agar method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), respectively.ResultsThe chemical analysis of EE‐CaL revealed the presence of compounds from the alkaloid class, such as trigonelline and caffeine, in addition to the phenolic compounds such as quinic acid, 5‐caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid‐O‐hexoside, mangiferin, (epi)catechin, (epi)catechin monoglucoside and procyanidin trimer. Regarding the antibacterial potential, EE‐CaL was active against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, being more effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC = 2500 μg/mL and bactericidal effect).ConclusionThe results of this research suggest that coffee leaves, a by‐product, possess compounds with antibacterial properties. Thus, further studies with coffee leaf extracts must be carried out to relate the compounds present in the extract with the antibacterial activity and find the mechanisms of action of this extract against bacteria.
Improved tribological performance of epoxy composites containing core–shell PE wax@SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Gengrui , Li Jiajun , Wang Honggang , Chen Shengsheng , Li Zhenyu , Lv Bo , Liu Wenguang , Gao Gui , Ren Junfang , Yang Dongya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe poor tribological performance of epoxy limits its application in the field of lubrication and wear protection, but there is still great potential for improvement. In this paper, polyethylene wax contained by silica core–shell particles was prepared and incorporated into the epoxy resin. The effects of particle content, normal load, and reciprocating linear velocity on the friction and wear properties of epoxy‐based composites were investigated. Due to the lubricating and anti‐wear effect of core–shell particles, the 10 wt.% amount can reduce at most the friction coefficient and wear rate of epoxy by 57% and 94%, respectively. The inflatable and burst core–shell particles, transfer film, and corrosion were observed on the worn surface. A mechanism referring to fracture, the release of lubricating core, and transfer film formed by a mixture of core and shell materials were deduced to explain the enhancement effect of core–shell particles in the epoxy matrix. That also suggests that the polyethylene wax@silica core–shell particles will be a potential lubricating and wear‐resistant additive of epoxy.
Attenuation of short‐circuit effect along screen‐printed silver gridlines during the contact firing process of crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Sung‐Hu , Cho Sung‐Bin , Park Sang‐Hee , Huh Joo‐Youl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “short‐circuit effect” in the fire‐through Ag metallization of crystalline Si (c‐Si) solar cells refers to the poor contact formation caused by an electrical short between the Ag gridline and underlying Si emitter during contact firing. This study employs two different Ag pastes containing PbO‐ and TeO2‐based glass frits to investigate the dependence of the short‐circuit effect on the length and pattern of the Ag finger lines. The results show that regardless of the employed glass frits, the short‐circuit effect is mitigated even near the short spot and gradually attenuated along the finger line away from the spot as the Ag finger line extends radially longer than the critical length (>35 mm). We demonstrate that this attenuation is independent of the finger line width and predominantly attributed to the ohmic drop of the electrode potential along the Si substrate. The results also show that, regardless of the glass frits, the contact quality is strongly correlated with the density of the Ag crystallites that are formed on the Si emitter surface. The 6‐in full‐cell tests indicate that the isolation of the short spots by segmenting the Ag finger lines does not necessarily result in the mitigation of the short‐circuit effect. We suggest that the reduction of Ag+ on the Si emitter surface should be the key process that must be controlled to achieve high‐quality contacts during contact firing, providing further insights into the electrochemical characteristics of contact firing reactions for the future development of Ag pastes.
Nonadherence to appropriate tidal volume and PEEP in children with pARDS at a single center
Authors: McCrory Michael C. , Woodruff Alan G. , Saha Amit K. , Evans Joni K. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Bass Andora L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow tidal volume and adequate positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) are evidence‐based approaches for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS), however, data are limited regarding their use since pARDS guidelines were revised in 2015.ObjectiveTo identify prevalence of, and factors associated with, nonadherence to appropriate tidal volume and PEEP in children with pARDS.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of children 1 month to <18 years with pARDS who received invasive mechanical ventilation from 2016 to 2018 in a single pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).ResultsAt 24 h after meeting pARDS criteria, 48/86 (56%) patients received tidal volume ≤8 ml/kg of ideal body weight and 45/86 (52%) received appropriate PEEP, with 22/86 (26%) receiving both. Among patients ≥2 years of age, a lower proportion of patients with overweight/obesity (9/25, 36%) had appropriate tidal volume versus those in the normal or underweight category (16/22, 73%, p = 0.02). When FIO2 was ≥50%, PEEP was appropriate in 19/60 (32%) cases versus 26/26 (100%) with FIO2 < 50% (p < 0.0001). pARDS was documented in the progress note in 7/86 (8%) patients at 24 h. Severity of pARDS, documentation in the progress note, and other clinical factors were not significantly associated with use of appropriate tidal volume and PEEP, however pARDS was documented more commonly in patients with severe pARDS.ConclusionsIn a single PICU in the United States, children with pARDS did not receive appropriate tidal volume for ideal body weight nor PEEP. Targets for improving tidal volume and PEEP adherence may include overweight patients and those receiving FIO2 ≥ 50%, respectively.
Linear and second‐order nonlinear optical properties of B,N‐embedded double hetero[7]helicenes
Authors: Gong Lijing , Ma Cheng , Lin Wanfeng , Guo Huan , Zhao Hongliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the linear and second‐order nonlinear optical properties of the reported B,N‐embedded double hetero[7]helicene and four new designed helicenes are systematically investigated with the aid of density functional theory. This research demonstrates that the introduction of NH2 unit, combination of NH2 and NO2 units or π bridge reduces the energy gap, changes the HOMO distribution and red‐shifts low‐energy absorption wavelength. And the insertion of combination of NH2 and NO2 units or π bridge also remarkably increases the first hyperpolarizability. Considering the smaller electronic reorganization energy and the larger static first hyperpolarizability, the studied helicenes may be potential outstanding candidates for electronic transport materials and strong second‐order nonlinear optical materials.
State bounding and controller design for genetic regulatory networks with multiple delays and bounded disturbances
Authors: Xue Yu , Su Meng , Yang Xiaona , Zhang Xian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the problems of state bounding and state‐feedback controller design for genetic regulatory networks with multiple delays and bounded disturbances. Multiple time‐varying discrete delays and multiple constant distributed delays are involved. A delay‐dependent sufficient condition containing several simple inequalities is first given to guarantee that the state trajectories remain inside or converge exponentially into a Cartesian product of two polytopes. Furthermore, equivalent sufficient conditions directly represented by the system parameters are derived. Based on the state bounding results, one can obtain reachable set estimation and global exponential stability criteria. By designing state‐feedback controllers, the state trajectories of the close‐loop system are limited in a given Cartesian product of two polytopes. It is worthy to stress that the proposed method does not need to construct any Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and it can be easily realized. The effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated by a numerical example.
Phosphate binding to allophane and ferrihydrite with implications for volcanic ash soils
Authors: Uchida Shoko , Hashimoto Yohey , Takamoto Akira , Noguchi Keiichi , Klysubun Wantana , Wang Shan‐Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of allophane and ferrihydrite in volcanic ash soils contributes to the high P sorption capacity of the soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of phosphate between allophane and ferrihydrite in the systems of their mixtures as a function of sorbed phosphate and aqueous citrate concentrations. The results were compared with those from phosphate in volcanic ash soils rich in allophane and ferrihydrite. Phosphate adsorption isotherm for allophane–ferrihydrite mixtures was described as a linear combination of Freundlich isotherm models for each single compound system. Phosphate sorption across single‐ and binary‐compound systems decreased with increasing aqueous citrate concentrations. Phosphorus K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) showed that phosphate had a higher affinity for allophane than ferrihydrite, particularly at low to intermediate sorbed phosphate concentrations. Such a preferential distribution of phosphate for allophane were attenuated at 10 mM aqueous citrate with increasing sorbed phosphate concentrations. Changes in the full width at half‐maximum height of the white‐line peak in the P K‐edge XANES spectra provided evidence for Al‐phosphate precipitation in the systems of allophane and allophane‐ferrihydrite mixtures, but not in the ferrihydrite systems. The XANES results from volcanic ash soils demonstrated that 61–92% phosphate was associated with Al, thus confirming a high affinity of phosphate for Al over Fe in the soils.