bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allelic diversity of the <i>FaOMT</i> gene (mesifurane biosynthesis) in promising strawberry cultivars and selected forms developed at the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center
Authors: Lyzhin A. S. , Luk’yanchuk I. V. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Fruit aroma is an important consumer trait of strawberry varieties. Identification of genotypes carrying the genes of the aromatic complex in fruits is an important stage in the development of new cultivars with aromatic fruits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the allelic state of the FaOMT fruit aroma gene in strawberry cultivars and selected forms developed at the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center to identify promising genotypes for use in breeding for fruit aroma.Materials and methods. The research materials were strawberry cultivars and promising selected forms developed at the I.V. Michurin FSC using the methods of introgressive and intervarietal hybridization. Allelic state of the FaOMT gene was identified with the codominant marker FaOMT-SI/NO.Results and conclusion. The FaOMT fruit aroma gene is represented in the studied strawberry varieties and forms by three combinations of alleles: the homozygous state of the functional allele, the heterozygous combination of the alleles, and the homozygous state of the nonfunctional allele. Cvs. ‘Rubinovy kaskad’, ‘Privlekatelnaya’ and ‘Feyerverk’ are characterized by a heterozygous combination of alleles of the FaOMT gene. Cvs. ‘Lastochka’, ‘Pamyati Zubova’, ‘Flora’, ‘Yarkaya’ and ‘Urozhaynaya CGL’ are characterized by the homozygous state of the FaOMT+ allele. Selected strawberry forms 928-12, 26-5, 72-71 and 62-41 have the heterozygous genotype; hybrids 298-19-9-43 and 932-29 are characterized by the homozygous state of the FaOMT+ allele; selected forms 61-12 and 65-26 are characterized by the homozygous state of the nonfunctional FaOMT– allele. Strawberry forms promising for breeding, with the homozygous state of the functional FaOMT+ allele, were identified: cvs. ‘Lastochka’, ‘Pamyati Zubova’, ‘Flora’, ‘Yarkaya’ and ‘Urozhaynaya CGL’, and selected forms 298-19-9-43 and 932-29.
Breeding columnar apple-tree cultivars for supercompact growth habit
Authors: Korneeva S. A. , Sedov E. N. , Yanchuk T. V. 
Published: June 2022

This work was based on the combinatorial breeding technique using donors of the columnar growth type (Co gene), sources of winter hardiness and high consumer qualities, and scab immunity donors (Rvi6 gene). The selection in the columnar apple-tree hybrid progeny was accompanied by the assessment of growth vigor, compactness degree, and seedling cultivability in accordance with the guidelines.Due to the increasing popularity of apple trees with the columnar crown type, the volume of breeding work for columnar growth habit at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) over the past 9 years amounted to 133,582 flowers, or one third of the entire hybridization envisaged by the apple-tree breeding program. Meticulous selection of parent forms is carried out in order to incorporate a set of useful traits in the columnar growth habit genotype. Both cultivars and hybrid forms serve as sources and donors of the traits interesting for breeders. All the studied cultivars released by VNIISPK are dwarf: their height is within the range from 287 cm (cv. ‘Priokskoe’) to 198 cm (cv. ‘Orlovskaya Yesenia’), and they can be recommended for both commercial plantations and amateur gardens. The columnar form 34-34-98 is characterized by a unique degree of compactness (the ratio of the internode length to the shoot diameter) equal to 0.4 versus the average value of 1.6 for this indicator in the studied columnar cultivars. This form was involved in the release of 78 promising hybrid seedlings, the best of which (38.5%) were transferred to the garden for primary variety trials. A large yield of seedlings characterized by high compactness in the progeny of the columnar apple tree 34-34-98 makes it possible to recommend it for the development of new apple-tree genotypes for highly cost-effective orchards with high tree planting density.
Improvement of the grapevine gene pool on the basis of agrobiological and physio-biochemical assessment of new genotypes under the unstable moderate continental climate conditions of Southern Russia
Authors: Petrov V. S. , Mishko A. E. , Tsiku D. M. , Marmorshtein A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Development of table grape cultivars is currently aimed not only at higher vineyard productivity and grape quality but also at enhancing the adaptive potential of plants under the dynamic change in the climate conditions of Southern Russia. Increasing the share of modern Russian cultivars of table grapes will update and improve the assortment. The aim of this study was to evaluate new Russian hybrid grapevine forms according to their agrobiological, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the central agroecological zone of Krasnodar Territory.Materials and methods. Agrobiological characters were assessed using modern methods. Among physio-biochemical characters, the content of photosynthetic pigments was measured as well as the level of stress parameters under drought, such as the total water content in leaves and the content of malondialdehyde. Artificial drought was simulated to identify the most stress-resistant hybrid forms.Results. The highest values of fruitfulness coefficients k1 and k2 in the period of research were recorded for the Akello and Agat Dubovsky hybrid forms. Timoti and Agat Dubovsky had the maximum average yield for two years among the hybrid forms. The Gamlet, Kishmish Dubovsky, Agat Dubovsky and Timoti genotypes significantly exceeded the reference cultivar in the bunch weight. The Akello and Agat Dubovsky hybrids were identified for their physio-biochemical parameters: the highest content of chlorophyll in their leaves, high adaptive potential expressed in a low development level of secondary oxidative processes under stress, and the highest content of carotenoids.Conclusion. The obtained results evidenced that the Agat Dubovsky hybrid form could be identified as the most promising among the studied genotypes for cultivation in Southern Russia.
The efficiency of some post-emergence herbicides for controlling problematic weeds of lawn areas
Authors: Gürbüz R. , Alptekin H. 
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of some herbicides on weed species and weed population in the landscape area of Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus in 2021. In the study, herbicides with active ingredients, 2,4-D amine, Bromoxynil + MCPA, 2,4-D tri-isopropyl amine salt + Picloram, dicamba + triasulfuron, 2,4-D EHE + florasulam, Halosulfuron-methyl and Fluazifop-p-butyl as well as Bromoxynil + MCPA + dicamba + triasulfuron and 2,4-D amine + Fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide mixtures were used. The percentage effects of the herbicides applied in the study on weed dry weights, weed species, and the percentage effects of herbicides on these weed species were determined according to the 3 counts made at certain intervals for the weed species with a density of 1 weeds/m2 and above in the census.As a result of the study, a total of 14 weed species belonging to 8 families were determined in the trial area. Of these detected weed species, Trifolium repens L (5.49 weed/m2), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (3.24 weed/m2), Trifolium pratense L. (1.23 weed/m2), Melilotus albus Medik. (1.07 weed/m2) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (1.03 weed/m2), the density of 5 of them was determined as 1 weeds/m2 and above. As a result of the study, the lowest weed dry weights (2.12 g/m2) and the highest percentage effect (94.50%) were obtained in the 2,4-D tri-isopropyl amine salt + Picloram plots. The percentage effects of the herbicides applied in the study on the weed species varied according to the weed species and the herbicides used.
Impacts of the olive fruit fly on the ‘Cyprus Local’ and ‘Gemlik’ olive cultivars
Authors: Helvaci M. , Kahramanoğlu İ. 
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate damage rate and impact of Bactrocera oleae on olive oil quality on the ‘Cyprus Local’ and ‘Gemlik’ cultivars in Northern Cyprus. This study included 11 olive groves which were located in two different districts. A total of 11 olive groves from two separate cities (Güzelyurt and Girne) were selected during the maturity time where cvs, ‘Cyprus Local’ and ‘Gemlik’ are grown intensively. Two hundred and fifty fruits (25 fruits/10 trees) were randomly selected from each orchard and the damaged fruits were counted. These data were compared with the environmental conditions to determine relationships among the damage rates and environmental conditions.The results showed that the damage rate of olive fruit fly had a moderate correlation with the temperature, while the temperatures above 20°C were found to provoke the highest damage rate on both cultivars. Moreover, the results showed that cv. ‘Cyprus Local’ is more sensitive to olive fruit fly damage, especially at higher temperatures. An important result of the current work is that an increase in the damage rate raises the acidity ratio of the fruits and reduces the fruit quality.
Comparison of methods for selecting a promising walnut gene pool according to fruit quality
Authors: Biganova S. G. , Sukhorukikh Yu. I. , Pchikhachev E. K. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is considered a particularly valuable plant for humans. A number of methods have been developed to select the species’ gene pool that produces high-quality fruits. Breeders need to know which of them ensures identification of the best ancestors. The objective of this work was to compare the effectiveness of the most frequently used techniques for selecting a valuable gene pool according to taste, extractability, weight, kernel yield, and overall fruit score. They were presented in the Program and Methods for Walnut Breeding (method 1) and the Program and Methodology of Variety Studies for Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops (method 2).Materials and methods. Statistical data processing was performed using the licensed Stadia-8 software.Results. Comparing the results with the program requirements for new cultivars, all the ancestors selected according to method 1 had better taste and higher kernel weight, while according to method 2 12.5% of the forms showed lower values. The recommended kernel yield of 50% or more turned out to be lower than the threshold value in 14.29% (method 1) and 62.5% (method 2) of the selected ramets. Evaluation by to method 1 showed that the group of the “superior quality” breeding category had higher average values in taste (by 3.63%), weight (7.86%), extractability (4.25%), and kernel yield (9.9%). When selecting the first-rank forms by method 1, the values were higher in extractability (by 0.25%), weight (5.26%), taste (3.09%), kernel yield (7.55%), and overall score (7.61%). In the average values for the first-rank and second-rank forms, the excess was by 4.44, 21.91, 4.75, 9.67, and 9.86%, respectively.Conclusions. When selecting a promising walnut gene pool, method 1 provides for stricter selection and higher food quality indicators (taste, extractability, weight, kernel yield, and overall fruit score) compared to method 2.
Leaf spot resistance in sweet and sour cherries
Authors: Lenivtseva M. S. , Kuznetsova A. P. , Radchenko E. E. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Cherry leaf spot (caused by the fungus Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.) has been one of the most harmful diseases of stone fruits for many years. The increasing genetic homogeneity of plant forms used in breeding promotes the acceleration of the pathogen’s adaptive microevolution and the overcoming of previously effective resistance genes. The structure of C. hiemalis populations from Krasnodar Territory in terms of their virulence to a set of differentiators and the effectiveness of new leaf spot resistance donors were studied.Materials and methods. The polymorphism in three populations of the fungus was assessed by the frequencies of virulence phenotypes which were identified using six differentiators. The resistance of new distant hybrids to 50 monopustular isolates was assessed in laboratory experiments.Results and conclusions. Five phenotypes of the fungus, differing in virulence to six cherry genotypes, were identified. An increase was observed in the frequencies of virulence phenotypes capable of strongly affecting donors used in breeding for resistance. Five hybrids are proposed to expand the genetic diversity of sour and sweet cherry cultivars resistant to C. hiemalis: 3-61-4-139, 3-39-5-47, 3-107-6-28, AI 5 B-D-2-4-27, and 3-76. They are protected by the leaf spot resistance genes that have been transferred from Prunus serrulata Lindl. The alleles of the resistance genes in these plants are not identical to the resistance alleles in the genotypes Seyanets No. 1, Mutant 561, ‘Almaz’, Kusumkent 8, Vetrovoe 11 (P. kurilensis Miyabe), and BG-35 (P. sargentii Rehd.), all used in breeding. Seedling 3-20-5-23 (P. serrulata × Northstar) was not resistant to a number of C. hiemalis clones. It is assumed that this genotype and Vetrovoe 11 (P. kurilensis) are protected by identical alleles of resistance genes, which differ from the alleles present in the five new hybrid forms.
Description of the genetic collection of strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.) cultivars according to the components of their fruit antioxidant complex
Authors: Zhbanova E. V. , Luk’yanchuk I. V. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Quality indicators, medicinal and prophylactic properties of strawberry fruits are largely determined by their chemical composition. In order to improve the breeding work, it is necessary to look for the sources of high-level accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in fruits.Materials and methods. Fruits of 101 accessions from the genetic collection of introduced foreign and domestic cultivars, elite and selected forms held by the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were used as the target research material. All of them were grown on the experimental plantations from 1994 through 2020. Their chemical composition (ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents) was analyzed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technologies according to the standard methods.Results and conclusions. The ranges of variability in the accumulation of primary components of the antioxidant complex in strawberry fruits in the environments of the Central Black Earth Region (Michurinsk) were measured: 30.1–102.3 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid and 3.6–124.5 mg/100 g for anthocyanins. The cultivars were ranked according to the analyzed chemical components. A majority of them were classified into the group with average vitamin C content (50.1–90.0 mg/100 g). The largest part (85.6%) of the studied cultivars accumulated anthocyanins within the range of 30.0–70.0 mg/100 g. Valuable genotypes with high levels of ascorbic acid (above 90.1 mg/100 g) were identified: cvs. ‘Kokinskaya zarya’, ‘Lirovidnaya’, ‘Sudarushka’ and ‘Zephyr’. As for anthocyanins (above 90.1 mg/100 g), cvs. ‘Alena’, ‘Istochnik’, ‘Pamyati Zubova’, ‘Privlecatelnaya’, ‘Rubinovy kulon’, ‘Torpeda’ and ‘Feyerverk’, plus the elite seedling 56-5 (“Rubinovy kaskad”), showed the best results. The identified genotypes are of interest both for consumers, as they yield highly vitaminized fresh fruits, and for breeders as source material for the development of cultivars with improved chemical composition.
Sea buckthorn cultivars promising for mechanized harvesting by cutting fruit-bearing branches
Authors: Zubarev Yu A. , Gunin A. V. , Panteleeva E. I. , Vorobyeva A. V. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the main berry crop in the horticultural production of Altai Territory and occupies the largest growing area among berries in Russia. Meanwhile, further expansion of commercial plantations is limited by known bottlenecks in harvesting. In this context, new technological solutions in harvest mechanization are considered one of the primary tasks. A promising way is the cutting of fruit-bearing branches. At the same time, the development of cultivars suitable for such harvesting technique is very important.Materials and methods. Thirteen cultivars and selected forms of sea buckthorn developed at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies were taken as research material. To evaluate the productivity of top branches, three of them with a length of 70–100 cm were cut from the plants of each accession. Fruit detachment force was assessed using a Dina-2 device. Dispersion analysis was applied for statistical interpretation.Results. Productivity of top branches as well as agronomic and biological characteristics of sea buckthorn fruits were studied. Accessions 87-93-1, 111-05-3 and 378-06-1 were identified for high productivity of their top branches and for predomination of the generative part over the vegetative one. The highest number of berries per bud (5.4–5.9 pieces) was observed in accessions 87-93-4, 32-01-1, 378-06-1 and 111-05-3. Cv. ‘Afina’ demonstrated for its high level of vegetative and generative productivity. Selected forms 111-05-3, 32-01-1 and 4-93-11 with low fruit detachment force (136.8–155.1 g) are promising for shaking without prior freezing.Conclusion. Selected forms 111-05-3, 378-06-1 and 32-01-1 were recognized as most promising for harvesting by branch cutting.
Improvement of the technique applied to preserve species and varieties of <i>Fragaria</i> L. in the field genebank at Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR
Authors: Podorozhniy V. N. , Piyanina N. A. 
Published: June 2022

A collection of Fragaria L. species and varieties established at Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR has been preserved for a long time and regularly updated. An algorithm for the work with its accessions was proposed and tested in practice in the field genebank of the Station. It is presented as a scheme that includes the following collections: quarantine/identification, in vitro, pomological/botanical, in-depth research, and genetic. The accessions are sources and donors of traits important for breeding and represent the most valuable material for targeted crossings in programs developing and releasing strawberry cultivars, primarily garden ones.The effectiveness of their utilization can be seen in the adaptable high-yielding cultivars developed at Krymsk Station in recent years: ‘Zenkora’ (Zenga-Zengana × Cardinal) was patented, and ‘Pelageya’ [Elizaveta II (clone Coroleva Elizaveta) × Irma] included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. All parents involved in the development of these cultivars were sources of useful agronomic traits identified in the genetic collection: ‘Zenga-Zengana’ (productivity and adaptability), ‘Cardinal’ (large fruit size and fruit density), ‘Elizaveta II’ (everbearing habit and drought resistance), and ‘Irma’ (productivity).Physical conditions of plant cultivation and planting rates per area unit have been optimized at all stages of maintenance of strawberry accessions to support their good growth and development. Such technique ensures complete safety of healthy accessions representing pure cultivars and wild species with a possibility of using the genotypes preserved in the genetic collection in breeding practice.
BERFIKIR KREATIF DAN MENERAPKAN MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: H Yuris Huswatun 
Published: June 2022

Strategi pemasaran bank syariah menjadi menarik untuk disimak karena penerapan kesyariatan Islam dalam produk yang ditonjolkan kepada para nasabah. Oleh karena itu, semua bank syariah sudah tentu menjaring nasabah yang beragama Islam. Mereka akan menjadi sasaran untuk menggunakan berbagai produk perbankan dengan prinsip syariah. Pihak bank syariah tentu saja harus menjamin kemurnian dan ketaatan dalam menjalankan prinsip syariah di bidang perbankan. Dengan begitu, para nasabah terutama yang benar-benar ingin menabung dan menyimpan dananya yang terbebas dari bunga bank yang diharamkan, dapat terwujudkan semua itu. Sementara itu, bank syariah juga tidak menutup bagi para nasabah dari agama dan kepercayaan lain. Silakan untuk bergabung dan memanfaatkan berbagai produk perbankan dengan prinsip syariah. Nasabah non Islam pasti juga sudah mengetahui secara umum tentang prinsip syariah yang diterapkan. Dengan begitu, mereka akan mengetahui untung ruginya jika menyimpan dananya di bank syariah.
Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Mirsel Robert 
Published: June 2022

Freedom of religion and belief has long been accepted globally as human rights. This right is formally enshrined in international human rights instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Indonesia has also adopted these international human rights instruments in its policies and implementation in the applicable laws as seen in the inclusion of this right in the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 39 of 1999 and Law no. 12 of 2005. However, in practice, this right is often violated by the state and civil society either by action (commission) or by omission. This study also shows religious intolerance, radicalism, and fundamentalism are the manifestations of real challenges in promoting unity in diversity in the country. Therefore, this study recommends the Indonesian government to: review some its policies that are contrary to international and national human rights instruments; cancel lower legal products that are contrary to the 1945 Constitution and other laws; take legal action to suppress and prevent radical and intolerant groups from carrying out violence, discrimination and persecution against certain religious minorities; restore the rights of groups or individuals that have been violated in relation to the freedom to practice or adhere to their respective religions; and improve religious tolerance and moderation education in formal and non-formal educational institutions.<br /><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> kebebasan beragama; hak asasi manusia; instrumen HAM; intoleransi; toleransi; kekerasan; moderasi beragama.
Hidup Selibat demi Kerajaan Allah dalam Perspektif Teologi Tubuh Yohanes Paulus II
Authors: Dwiatmaja Alb Irawan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract: This paper proposes a new way of understanding celibacy. The world offers that the most important thing is an active and free life, that is, one cannot be a complete and warm human being in a relationship<br />without a genital sexual experience. The world underestimates celibacy and wants to prove that the choice of celibate life will result in compensation secretly, illegally, and will lead to destructive and manipulative relationships. The thoughts of John Paul II are relevant in an effort to offer a paradigm of sexual liberation, to develop, and to maintain for the creation of sexuality values and the call to life for the sake of the Kingdom of God. John Paul II’s thoughts on celibacy for the sake of the Kingdom of God in the perspective of theology of the body become material for reflection and input for people who live celibate to live in harmony with all the complexities of their bodies. <br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Celibacy, John Paul II, Kingdom of God, theology of the body, Rome Catholic.