bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental results and technique evaluation based on correlation function for a backup protection of synchronous generator stator windings
Authors: Mahmoud Ragab Abd Allah , Elwakil Ehab Serry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnbalanced loads and faults cause power quality problems in power grids, which may lead to system elements failure, particularly to synchronous generators. Faults detection and identification of the disturbance severity level are essential in the grids. Important equipment are often protected with dual protection systems. A backup protection operates and trips appropriate circuit breaker(s) only if the main protection fails to detect the disturbance presence or miss opening the breakers. This paper proposes a backup protection scheme for detecting and evaluating the disruption severity of voltage and current signals for protecting the synchronous generators. This scheme is based on a numerical technique of correlation applied for the electrical signals to detect and assess the fault situation. Different fault types are experimentally conducted on a motor‐generator set to test the proposed algorithm effectiveness using Data Acquisition Card (DAC) and LABVIEW software. The scheme has proven to be successful for fault detection and assessment. The algorithm has shown high reliability at various faults and operating conditions. Moreover, the practical results reveal that the scheme is able to evaluate the severity degree of disturbances/unbalances, and it is effective and secure considering the acceptable overloading, harmonics and temporary faults in power grids.
Ammonia characterisation of dense cores in the Rosette Molecular Cloud
Authors: Bőgner R. , Csengeri T. , Montillaud J. , Wienen M. , Schneider N. , Wyrowski F. , Motte F. , Tóth L. V. 
Published: September 2022

Context. The Rosette molecular cloud complex is a well-known Galactic star-forming region with a morphology pointing towards triggered star formation. The distribution of its young stellar population and the gas properties point to the possibility that star formation is globally triggered in the region.
Aims. We focus on the characterisation of the most massive pre- and protostellar cores distributed throughout the molecular cloud in order to understand the star formation processes in the region.
Methods. We observed a sample of 33 dense cores, identified in Herschel continuum maps, with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. Using NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) measurements, we characterise the dense core population, computing rotational and gas kinetic temperatures and NH3 column density with multiple methods. We also estimated the gas pressure ratio and virial parameters to examine the stability of the cores. Using results from Berschel data, we examined possible correlations between gas and dust parameters.
Results. Ammonia emission is detected towards 31 out of the 33 selected targets. We estimate kinetic temperatures to be between 12 and 20 K, and column densities within the 1014−2 × 1015 cm−2 range in the selected targets. Our virial analysis suggests that most sources are likely to be gravitationally bound, while the line widths are dominated by non-thermal motions. Our results are compatible with large-scale dust temperature maps suggesting that the temperature decreases and column density increases with distance from NGC 2244 except for the densest protoclusters. We also identify a small spatial shift between the ammonia and dust peaks in the regions most exposed to irradiation from the nearby NGC 2244 stellar cluster. However, we find no trends in terms of core evolution with spatial location, in the prestellar to protostellar core abundance ratio, or the virial parameter.
Conclusions. Star formation is more likely based on the primordial structure of the cloud in spite of the impact of irradiation from the nearby cluster, NGC 2244. The physical parameters from the NH3 measurements suggest gas properties in between those of low- and high-mass star-forming regions, suggesting that the Rosette molecular cloud could host ongoing intermediate-mass star formation, and is unlikely to form high-mass stars.
Ernährung bei Krebs: geeignet zur Vorbeugung und
Therapie?
Authors: Arends Jann 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie richtige Versorgung mit Nährstoffen und Energieträgern ist
lebensnotwendig; gleichzeitig beeinflusst sie aber auch das Risiko, an Krebs zu
erkranken. Der Einfluss der Kost- und Lebensmittelauswahl –
z. B. in Form von Fast-Food oder allgemein einer
„westlichen“ Ernährung – hat allerdings eine
begrenztere und geringere Wirkung als eine mit einem deutlichen Krebsrisiko
behaftete Überernährung. Da das
ernährungsabhängige Risiko wahrscheinlich durch die Entwicklung
eines metabolischen Syndroms vermittelt wird, spielt regelmäßige
anstrengende körperliche Bewegung eine wichtige schützende
Rolle.Bei einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung besteht durch eine Vielzahl von
Faktoren ein hohes Risiko für die Entstehung einer
Mangelernährung; tritt zusätzlich eine tumorassoziierte
systemische Inflammation als metabolische Abwehrreaktion des Körpers
auf, so verstärkt die resultierende Katabolie den Gewichts- und
Körperzellverlust und kompliziert die ernährungstherapeutische
Behandlung. Empfohlen werden für diese Situation eine ausreichende
Versorgung mit Energie und Nährstoffen, ein regelmäßiges
– aber verträgliches – Muskeltraining und
unterschiedliche Ansätze zur Dämpfung der metabolisch bedingten
Katabolie.
Update Mammakarzinom 2022 Teil 1 – Brustkrebs in frühen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Stickeler Elmar , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Fehm Tanja N. , Belleville Erik , Bader Simon , Seitz Katharina , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Schneeweiss Andreas , Harbeck Nadia , Würstlein Rachel , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Seliger Barbara , Massa Chiara , Kolberg Hans Christian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Erkenntnisse über die Behandlung von Mammakarzinompatientinnen mit frühen Krankheitsstadien haben im letzten Jahr deutlich zugenommen. Abemaciclib, Olaparib und Pembrolizumab sind neue Medikamente mit einer guten Wirksamkeit bei den entsprechenden Patientinnengruppen. Jedoch sind einige Fragestellungen nach wie vor unbeantwortet. Insbesondere welchen Patientinnen unnötige Therapien erspart werden können, ist bei prämenopausalen Patientinnen mit einem hormonrezeptorpositiven Mammakarzinom weiterhin unklar. Die Frage, inwieweit eine Chemotherapie einen direkten zytotoxischen Effekt auf den Tumor hat oder eher dadurch wirkt, dass die Ovarfunktion durch die Chemotherapie reduziert wird, könnte wegweisend sein. Dieser Patientinnengruppe kann möglicherweise eine Chemotherapie erspart bleiben. Neue, bislang experimentelle Biomarker-Analysemethoden, wie die räumliche Analyse der Genexpression (spatial transcriptomics), halten nach und nach Einzug in die großen randomisierten Phase-III-Studien, wie die NeoTRIPStudie. Dies führt wiederum zum besseren Verständnis der prädiktiven Faktoren neuer Therapien, zum Beispiel der Immuntherapie. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die wissenschaftlichen Neuerungen der aktuellen Kongresse wie dem San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2021, aber auch von kürzlich veröffentlichten Publikationen zusammen.
Avaliação da reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservador da nova classificação AO/OTA para fraturas distais do rádio comparada com a classificação de Fernandez
Authors: Carula Beatriz Canhoto , Giostri Giana Silveira , Bebber Fabiana , Batista Marianna Fergutz dos S. , Silva Flaviana Busignani da , Novak Eduardo Murilo 
Published: September 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservadores da nova classificação AO/OTA 2018 para fraturas distais do rádio e compará-la com o sistema classificatório de Fernandez.
Métodos Foi aplicado um questionário no software Qualtrics em 10 especialistas em cirurgia da mão que classificaram 50 radiografias de fraturas distais de rádio de acordo com as classificações de Fernandez e AO/OTA 2018 e, posteriormente, indicaram seu tratamento. Esse questionário foi aplicado em tempo T0 e repetido após 4 semanas (t1). Analisou-se a média de concordância entre as respostas e confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservadores utilizando os índices kappa.
Resultados A concordância média interobservador para a classificação de Fernandez foi de 76,4, e de 59,2% para a AO/OTA 2018. A concordância intraobservador foi de 77,3 e 56,6%, respectivamente. O índice de kappa inter- e intraobservador para a classificação de Fernandez foram de 0,57 e de 0,55, respectivamente, e a classificação AO/OTA 2018 obteve 0,34 e 0,31, respectivamente.
Conclusão A classificação AO/OTA 2018 mostrou uma reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservadores baixa quando comparada à classificação de Fernandez. Porém, ambas as classificações apresentam índices intra- e interobservadores baixos. Embora a classificação de Fernandez não tenha obtido resultados excelentes, ela permanece com melhor concordância para o uso rotineiro.
Avaliação dos fatores de risco relacionados ao tempo de internação e às complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do joelho
Authors: Oliveira Filipe Marques de , Costa Lauro Augusto Veloso , Bastos Angelo Mártyres Pedreira de Albuquerque , Paião Isabela Dias , Ferretti Mário , Lenza Mário 
Published: September 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco relacionados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às complicações pós-operatórias precoces (primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia) em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ).
Materiais e Métodos Este é um estudo transversal com coleta de dados de pacientes submetidos a ATJ em um hospital privado entre 2015 e 2019. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal, e comorbidades clínicas. Também coletamos dados intraoperatórios, como o grau na classificação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e a duração da cirurgia, além do tempo de internação, as complicações pós-operatórias, e a readmissão em 30 dias. Os possíveis fatores de risco associados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às taxas de complicações pós-operatórias foram investigados por meio de modelos estatísticos.
Resultados Os pacientes mais velhos, com graus mais elevados na classificação da ASA ou que sofreram complicações pós-operatórias, ficaram internados por mais tempo. Para cada aumento em um ano de idade, esperamos que o tempo de internação seja multiplicado por 1,008 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,004 a 1,012; p < 0,001). Em pacientes de grau III na classificação da ASA, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,297 (IC95%: 1,083 a 1,554; p = 0,005) em comparação com pacientes de grau I. Em pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,505 (IC95%: 1,332 a 1,700; p < 0,001) em comparação com pacientes sem complicações.
Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou que, em pacientes submetidos a ATJ primária, características pré-operatórias, como idade avançada e grau ≥ III na classificação da ASA, e o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias predizem o aumento do tempo de internação hospitalar de forma independente.
Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST) in the Pelvis Mimicking Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Authors: El-Helou Etienne , Chamma Linda , Mazraani Houssam Bashir , Sebaaly Delivrance , Chamma Omar Georges , Naccour Jessica , Haddad Marwan M. , Lichaa Dani , Alam Houssam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors accounting for less than 1% of total gastrointestinal tumors. They tend to be aggressive and have a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data or controversial data due to its scarcity. Therefore, we report a case of pelvic EGIST misdiagnosed as retroperitoneal sarcoma. We opted for surgical management followed by adjuvant oral chemotherapy with imatinib.
Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 protect the murine urinary tract from uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
challenge
Authors: Canas Jorge J. , Liang Dong , Saxena Vijay , Hooks Jenaya , Arregui Samuel W. , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Kish Danielle , Linn Sarah C. , Bdeir Khalil , Cines Douglas B. , Fairchild Robert L. , Spencer John D. , Schwaderer Andrew L. , Hains David S. 
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical to the protection of the urinary tract of humans and other animals from pathogenic microbial invasion. AMPs rapidly destroy pathogens by disrupting microbial membranes and/or augmenting or inhibiting the host immune system through a variety of signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that alpha-defensins 1-3 (
DEFA1A3
) are AMPs expressed in the epithelial cells of the human kidney collecting duct in response to uropathogens. We also demonstrated that DNA copy number variations in the
DEFA1A3
locus are associated with UTI and pyelonephritis risk. Because
DEFA1A3
is not expressed in mice, we utilized human
DEFA1A3
gene transgenic mice (

DEFA
4/4

) to further elucidate the biological relevance of this locus in the murine urinary tract. We demonstrate that the kidney transcriptional and translational expression pattern is similar in humans and the human gene transgenic mouse upon uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) stimulus in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate transgenic human

DEFA
4/4

gene mice are protected from UTI and pyelonephritis under various UPEC challenges. This study serves as the foundation to start the exploration of manipulating the
DEFA1A3
locus and alpha-defensins 1-3 expression as a potential therapeutic target for UTIs and other infectious diseases.
Discovering design principles of collagen molecular stability using a genetic algorithm, deep learning, and experimental validation
Authors: Khare Eesha , Yu Chi-Hua , Gonzalez Obeso Constancio , Milazzo Mario , Kaplan David L. , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: September 2022

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in humans, providing crucial mechanical properties, including high strength and toughness, in tissues. Collagen-based biomaterials are, therefore, used for tissue repair and regeneration. Utilizing collagen effectively during materials processing ex vivo and subsequent function in vivo requires stability over wide temperature ranges to avoid denaturation and loss of structure, measured as melting temperature (Tm). Although significant research has been conducted on understanding how collagen primary amino acid sequences correspond to Tmvalues, a robust framework to facilitate the design of collagen sequences with specific Tmremains a challenge. Here, we develop a general model using a genetic algorithm within a deep learning framework to design collagen sequences with specific Tmvalues. We report 1,000 de novo collagen sequences, and we show that we can efficiently use this model to generate collagen sequences and verify their Tmvalues using both experimental and computational methods. We find that the model accurately predicts Tmvalues within a few degrees centigrade. Further, using this model, we conduct a high-throughput study to identify the most frequently occurring collagen triplets that can be directly incorporated into collagen. We further discovered that the number of hydrogen bonds within collagen calculated with molecular dynamics (MD) is directly correlated to the experimental measurement of triple-helical quality. Ultimately, we see this work as a critical step to helping researchers develop collagen sequences with specific Tmvalues for intended materials manufacturing methods and biomedical applications, realizing a mechanistic materials by design paradigm.
Phonological features of Caijia that are notable from a diachronic perspective
Authors: Lee Man Hei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study sets out several phonological features in Caijia that are notable from a diachronic point of view. The Caijia language is an endangered language spoken in northwestern Guìzhōu, China. It was first formally documented in the early 1980s and is generally viewed as a Sinitic language. Some aspects of Caijia phonology are noteworthy from the perspective of historical phonology. There exist features which cannot be accounted for in terms of Middle Chinese (MC), such as the retention of the contrast between Old Chinese (OC) T-type and L-type onsets in words with d- or dr- in Middle Chinese. Moreover, Caijia also demonstrates features which are observed or preserved in Middle Chinese, but absent in mainstream modern Sinitic varieties, including the retention of bilabial stops in words with initials Fēi/Fū/Fèng. This study will also explore the implications certain phonological features have for the classification of Caijia in the Sinitic clade and examine the relationship between Caijia and Bai.
Carbon erosion/deposition on the divertor of W7-X during the operational period OP 1.2b
Authors: Mayer M. , Balden M. , Brezinsek S. , Burwitz V.V. , Cupak C. , Dhard C.P. , Elgeti S. , Corominas M. Guitart , Hiret P. , Kandler M. , Naujoks D. , Schmidt-Dencker J.-H. , Ruset C. , Saramela T.B. , Silva T.F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon net erosion and deposition at the test divertor unit (TDU) of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) were measured for the discharge period OP 1.2b in the year 2018 using 18 specially prepared target elements in all 10 TDUs. These had lengths between 30 and 60 cm and were coated with marker layers for erosion/deposition investigations of 5–10 μm carbon on top of about 300 nm molybdenum. The marker layer thicknesses were measured by elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS) before and after plasma exposure using 2.5 MeV protons; the surface morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam cross-sectioning (FIB), the surface roughness was determined using a two-dimensional optical profiler. Plasma-exposed surfaces were considerably smoother than unexposed surfaces with decreased mean roughness and a shift of the inclination angle distribution towards lower values. The erosion on the 10 TDUs was unequal within a factor of about two. During the discharge period in total 20.4 ± 5.7 g carbon was eroded from the 10 TDUs. Adjacent to the strike line some deposition of carbon was observed. Compared to the discharge period OP 1.2a in the year 2017, the net carbon erosion rate dropped by a factor of 5–6 due to regular boronizations, which reduced the oxygen (and subsequently also the carbon) content in the plasma by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The significance of erosion/deposition processes for long-pulse discharges is discussed.
Early-onset trend in European summer caused by Greenland topographic effect
Authors: Son Jun-Hyeok , Kim Nam-Hoon , Kim Go-Un , Chu Jung-Eun , Park Jae-Heung , Kwon Jae-il , Heo Ki-Young 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global heating, which is considered irreversible at least for the near future, causes various climate crises directly affecting human life. Accordingly, European countries have been afflicted by frequent heatwaves in summer. Convolutional neural network deep learning models have revealed the lengthening of the European summer over the past 42 years. Here we show that the early onset of summer is responsible for this climatic trend. In late May, an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly strengthens over the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the adjoining Atlantic Ocean, causing significant temperature increases across Western Europe, Iceland, and around the Barents Sea. The intensification of the mid-latitude westerly wind impinging on Greenland seems to be responsible for strengthening the anomalous circulation change via topographically forced stationary Rossby wave responses. As the westerly wind intensification is ensued by further global heating, summer will begin earlier, and thus more frequent European heatwaves are expected to occur.
Flexible conductivity-temperature-depth-strain (CTDS) sensor based on a CNT/PDMS bottom electrode for underwater sensing
Authors: He Qipei , Zhang Wenqiang , Sheng Tianyu , Gong Zheng , Dong Zihao , Zhang Deyuan , Jiang Yonggang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Marine hydrological information has a significant impact on human development and the utilization of the oceans, which can be monitored with underwater sensors. In the past, ocean research has relied on the use of bulky underwater recorders and sensory telemetry networks. In this study, an integrated flexible sensor is developed for underwater conductivity, temperature, depth, and strain detection. Platinum resistance sensors were used for temperature and strain measurements, conductivity sensors with interdigitated electrodes were used for salinity measurements, and capacitive pressure sensors for depth measurements. Two kinds of flexible capacitive pressure sensors were fabricated with a carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS) bottom electrode and copper/polyimide (Cu/PI) bottom electrode. The sensor with the CNT/PDMS bottom electrode outperformed the sensor with the Cu/PI bottom electrode over a wide pressure range (<5 MPa) and showed stable capacitance up to 1000 cycles. COMSOL simulations also support our experimental results with high sensitivity of the sensor with a CNT/PDMS bottom electrode. The integrated flexible sensor is durable and lightweight, making it ideal for use as a stationary monitoring sensor or for attachment to a variety of marine animals.
Is the problem or the solution riskier? Predictors of carbon tax policy support
Authors: Hasanaj Valon , Stadelmann-Steffen Isabelle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change is posing significant threats to human societies and developmental prospects. Governments continue to design and propose comprehensive climate policies aimed at tackling the climate crisis but often fail to successfully implement them. One reason is that securing public support for such policy instruments has proven to be challenging. While public opinion research has often documented a positive correlation between beliefs in climate change and policy support, it has also become clear that the presence of such beliefs is in many situations not enough for policy support. This is the starting point of our study in which we delve deeper into the link between climate change beliefs and policy support by specifically integrating risk perceptions related to climate change but also related to policy solutions. Empirically, we leverage survey data from the United States and Switzerland and employ the random forest technique to further explore the mechanisms that link climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy support. We use the case of carbon taxation, which is considered a particularly effective instrument by ecological economists but seems to be particularly unpopular politically. The results of this study suggest that beliefs and risk perceptions are very important predictors of support for carbon tax policies. Furthermore, they unveil the strongest predictors and specific patterns that generate the highest support in the United States and Switzerland.