bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depigmentation of the vulvar area: Is it an alarming sign?
Authors: Diab Reem , Asadi Kani Zahra , Kaddah Ali , Pourani Mohammad Reza , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Moravvej Hamideh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 34‐year‐old female patient presented with recurrent bilateral hypopigmented macules on the labia majora. The lesions were treated with topical steroids, which led to mild improvement, but erosive plaques developed after discontinuing the treatment. Histopathological findings were compatible with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), which was treated with radical vulvectomy with no recurrence in the next months of follow‐up.
Fulminant myocarditis after the second dose of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Oka Akihiro , Sudo Yuya , Miyoshi Toru , Ozaki Masatomo , Kimura Yuta , Takagi Wataru , Ugawa Satoko , Okada Tomoaki , Nosaka Kazumasa , Doi Masayuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyocarditis is an adverse event associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccination. A 50‐year‐old man presented with dyspnea and resting chest pain after receiving the second dose of the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine and developed cardiogenic shock. Fulminant myocarditis was diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy and treated with intravenous corticosteroids.
Multiple nodules in the scrotal wall
Authors: Kouki Chaima , Amouri Mariem , Charfi Slim , Boudawara Tahya , Turki Hamida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a rare case of extensive ISC. It affects dark‐colored skin men aged from 20 to 40 years old, suggesting an ethnic susceptibility. Pathogenesis of scrotal calcinosis remains controversial.
Duplication cyst and diverticulum of the stomach: A case report of an unusual association
Authors: Ben Amar Mohamed , Masmoudi Abderrahmen , Zouari Amine , Hadrich Zied , Mzali Rafik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGastric duplication cysts are uncommon findings in adult patients. Accurate diagnosis of these cysts is difficult. Presenting symptoms are often non‐specific, and complications are rare. We report an uncommon case of a non‐communicating duplication cyst associated to a diverticula of the stomach in 38‐year‐old women.
Development of a Two‐Fluid Hydrodynamic Model for a Riser Reactor
Authors: Vorobev Anatoliy , Antonov Artem , Nazarova Galina , Ivashkina Elena , Ivanchina Emiliya , Chuzlov Vyacheslav , Kaliyev Toleubek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractANSYS Fluent is used to examine the mixing of catalyst zeolite particles with petroleum feedstock and water vapor in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser. A two‐fluid model is developed for tracking catalyst particles and gas mixture in a riser, modeling the granular and gaseous phases as two interpenetrating continua. The hydrodynamic flows are analyzed with the aim to single out the principal physical effects that determine the distribution of particles. The results are compared with a study that is based on a non‐isothermal reactive model. It is demonstrated that the simplistic purely hydrodynamic model generates similar flow fields. The developed model is valuable for improvements of modern FCC risers. The model is applied for understanding the hydrodynamics of an S‐200 KT‐1/1 industrial unit.
Theoretical Modeling of the Metal‐Organic Precursors of Anthracene‐Based Covalent Networks on Surfaces
Authors: Lisiecki Jakub , Szabelski Paweł 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurface‐assisted fabrication of molecular network architectures has been a promising route to low‐dimensional materials with unique physicochemical properties and functionalities. One versatile way in this field is the Ullmann coupling reaction of halogenated organic monomers on catalytically active metallic surfaces. In this work, using the coarse‐grained Monte Carlo simulations, we studied the on‐surface self‐assembly of metal‐organic precursors preceding the covalent Ullman‐type linkage of tetrahalogenated anthracene building blocks. To that end, a series of positional isomers was examined and classified with respect to their ability of creation of extended network structures. Our simulations focused on the identification of basic types of self‐assembly scenarios distinguishing enantiopure and racemic systems and producing periodic and aperiodic networks. The calculations carried out for selected tectons demonstrated wide possibilities of controlling porosity (e. g. pore size, shape, periodicity, chirality, heterogeneity) of the networks by suitable functionalization of the monomeric unit. The findings reported herein can be helpful in rational designing of 2D polymeric networks with predefined structures and properties.
Dual DNA staining enables isolation of multiple sub‐types of post‐replicative mouse male germ cells
Authors: Gill Mark E. , Kohler Hubertus , Peters Antoine H. F. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring spermatogenesis, mammalian male germ cells undergo multiple developmental processes, including meiosis and post‐meiotic differentiation (spermiogenesis). To understand the transitions between different cellular states it is essential to isolate pure populations of cells at different stages of development. Previous approaches enabled the isolation of cells from different stages of meiotic prophase I, but techniques to sub‐fractionate unfixed, post‐meiotic spermatids have been lacking. Here we report the development of a protocol enabling simultaneous isolation of cells at different stages of meiotic prophase and post‐meiotic differentiation from testes of adult mice. This approach builds on existing fluorescence activated cell sorting protocols designed to purify cells in different stages of meiotic prophase I. By utilizing the specific spectral properties that two different DNA dyes (Hoechst 33342 and SYTO 16) exhibit when bound to chromatin of different stage male germ cells, we obtain highly pure populations of cells in relatively large numbers. This FACS protocol will enable immunocytological and molecular characterization studies of fractionated meiotic and haploid germ cells from both wild type and genetically mutant animals.
Impacts of Severe Tropical Cyclone Olwyn and the biogeomorphic response, Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia
Authors: Morris Thérèse E. , Morris Stephen N. , Fearns Peter R.C.S. , Chopra Aditya , Aspandair Mehrooz F. , Collins Lindsay B. , O'Leary Micheal J. , Visscher Pieter T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStorm disturbance and recovery of the peritidal benthic microbial ecosystem occurs as part of the natural climate regime in Shark Bay. However, tropical cyclone and winter storm frequency and intensity are known to be changing due to climate forcing. Presented here is an analysis of the biogeomorphic response of the benthic microbial ecosystem within the intertidal to upper subtidal zone and the beach face coquina deposits of Hamelin Pool, to the passage of Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone Olwyn (13 March 2015). Storm effects (initial response to 40 days post‐event) include: erosional sculpting of sediments, mats and structures; deposition and winnowing of sediments; accumulation of mucilaginous products into flocs, slurries and sludges; along with limited development of new coquina deposits in the beach face. Medium (15 months) term observations include: mat recovery and changes with transformation of mucilage deposits into new subtidal gelatinous mats, intertidal transitional mats and low‐elevation microbial structures. Observations suggest that this disturbance had both positive (the floc‐to‐mat biogeomorphic storm response) and negative feedbacks (enhanced bioturbation), which impact the development of stromatolite forming microbial mats and microbialite structures.
Freezing or death feigning? Beetles selected for long death feigning showed different tactics against different predators
Authors: Asakura Masaya , Matsumura Kentarou , Ishihara Ryo , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrey evolve antipredator strategies against multiple enemies in nature. We examined how a prey species adopts different predation avoidance tactics against pursuit or sit‐and‐wait predators. As prey, we used three strains of Tribolium beetles artificially selected for short (short strain) or long (long strain) duration of death feigning, and a stock culture (base population). Death feigning is known to be effective for evading a jumping spider in the case of the long strains, while the present study showed that the long‐strain beetles used freezing against a sit‐and‐wait type predator, Amphibolus venator, in this study. The short‐ strain beetles were more easily oriented toward predators. The time to predation was also shorter in the short strains compared to the long strains. The results showed that, as prey, the short strains displayed the same behavior, escaping, against both types of predators. Traditionally, death feigning has been thought to be the last resort in a series of antipredator avoidance behaviors. However, our results showed that freezing and death feigning were not parts of a series of behaviors, but independent strategies against different predators, at least for long‐strain beetles. We also examined the relationship between a predator's starvation level and its predatory behavior. In addition, the orientation behavior toward and predation rate on the prey were observed to determine how often the predatory insect attacked the beetles.
Landscape composition, climate variability, and their interaction drive waterfowl nest survival in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Bortolotti Lauren E. , Emery Robert B. , Armstrong Llwellyn M. , Howerter David W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor upland‐nesting ducks that rely on grassland and wetland habitats in landscapes characterized by human alteration and a strongly fluctuating climate, information on how landscape composition interacts with climate is needed to better understand the security of conservation investments and to inform adaptive management in a changing climate. We characterized spatial and temporal variation in a 10‐year study of nest survival of five species of upland‐nesting ducks at study areas across the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region. We assessed factors affecting nest survival across gradients of landscape composition, climate, and duck density. Habitat characteristics influenced nest survival at multiple scales spanning nest‐scale vegetation density to landscape‐scale perennial cover abundance, with the relative magnitude of spatial variation in nest survival greater than that of temporal variation in this study. An interaction between climate and landscape composition suggested that intact landscapes can moderate the effects of interannual variation in climate, reinforcing the importance of habitat conservation in a changing climate. Measured nest survival rates ranged from 4.7% to 40.5% and were high enough to sustain duck populations in only 31% of study areas, barring sustained climatic conditions suitable for elevating other breeding season vital rates, suggesting the need for continued investment in waterfowl conservation.
Beyond blight: Phytophthora root rot under climate change limits populations of reintroduced American chestnut
Authors: Gustafson Eric J. , Miranda Brian R. , Dreaden Tyler J. , Pinchot Cornelia C. , Jacobs Douglass F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmerican chestnut (Castanea dentata) was functionally extirpated from eastern US forests by chestnut blight, caused by a fungus from Asia. As efforts to produce blight‐resistant American chestnut germplasm advance, approaches to reintroduce chestnut throughout its former range are being developed. However, chestnut is also quite susceptible to a root disease in the southern half of its former range, and the pathogen that causes the disease (Phytophthora cinnamomi) is expected to move northward as climate warms. Genetic resistance to root rot appears to vary among individual chestnut trees, and the prevalence of resistance is highly uncertain. Because restoration of a self‐sustaining chestnut population is ultimately a landscape‐scale problem, we used a process‐based forest landscape model (LANDIS‐II) to conduct experiments to quantify the effects of root rot on the effectiveness of chestnut population restoration efforts in the center of the former range of chestnut under various climate scenarios. We developed a new LANDIS‐II extension to simulate root rot‐induced tree mortality as a function of temperature and soil moisture. We conducted a factorial simulation experiment with climate and resistance to root rot as factors and found that root rot greatly reduced chestnut biomass on the landscape, even when resistance to root rot infection was at the highest levels currently observed in published studies. Warming climate enhanced the virulence of the pathogen and resulted in a greater reduction in chestnut biomass. Results indicate that root rot has the potential to seriously hamper chestnut restoration efforts if resistance of chestnut is not enhanced through breeding and biotechnology, suggesting restoration efforts will be more successful if targeted to latitudes, elevations, and site conditions where root rot is not expected to be present well into the future, including areas north of the historical chestnut range (Canada). These results demonstrate the vital importance of incorporating root rot resistance into the larger blight resistance breeding program.
North American Breeding Bird Survey underestimates regional bird richness compared to Breeding Bird Atlases
Authors: Ankori‐Karlinsky Roi , Kalyuzhny Michael , Barnes Katherine F. , Wilson Andrew M. , Flather Curtis , Renfrew Rosalind , Walsh Joan , Guk Edna , Kadmon Ronen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStandardized data on large‐scale and long‐term patterns of species richness are critical for understanding the consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment. The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is one of the largest and most widely used sources of such data, but so far, little is known about the degree to which BBS data provide accurate estimates of regional richness. Here, we test this question by comparing estimates of regional richness based on BBS data with spatially and temporally matched estimates based on state Breeding Bird Atlases (BBA). We expected that estimates based on BBA data would provide a more complete (and therefore, more accurate) representation of regional richness due to their larger number of observation units and higher sampling effort within the observation units. Our results were only partially consistent with these predictions: while estimates of regional richness based on BBA data were higher than those based on BBS data, estimates of local richness (number of species per observation unit) were higher in BBS data. The latter result is attributed to higher land‐cover heterogeneity in BBS units and higher effectiveness of bird detection (more species are detected per unit time). Interestingly, estimates of regional richness based on BBA blocks were higher than those based on BBS data even when differences in the number of observation units were controlled for. Our analysis indicates that this difference was due to higher compositional turnover between BBA units, probably due to larger differences in habitat conditions between BBA units and a higher likelihood of observing geographically restricted species. Our overall results indicate that estimates of regional richness based on BBS data suffer from incomplete detection of a large number of rare species, and that corrections of these estimates based on standard extrapolation techniques are not sufficient to remove this bias. Future applications of BBS data in ecology and conservation, and in particular, applications in which the representation of rare species is important (e.g., those focusing on biodiversity conservation), should be aware of this bias, and should integrate BBA data whenever possible.
Divergent predator activity muddies the dynamic landscape of fear
Authors: French Justin T. , Silvy Nova J. , Campbell Tyler A. , Tomeček John M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe landscape of fear (LOF) hypothesis is a unifying idea explaining the effects of predators on the space use of their prey. However, empirical evidence for this hypothesis is mixed. Recent work suggests that the LOF is dynamic, depending on the daily activity of predators, which allows prey to utilize risky places during predator down times. While this notion clarifies some discrepancies between predictions and observations, support for a dynamic LOF remains mixed. The underlying assumption of a dynamic LOF is strong predictability in predator activity cycles. Work in multi‐predator systems demonstrates the effect of differential behavior between predator species on the predictions of prey space use. However, none have considered the effect of intraspecific variation in predator behavior. Most, if not all, dynamic LOF studies base inference on the species‐level average activity pattern, implicitly assuming similarity within the predator population. We examined the dynamics and intraspecific variation in activity cycles within a population of coyotes (Canis latrans). We found seasonality in the predictability of coyote behavior, as well as divergent nocturnal and crepuscular activity patterns between individuals during summer. Activity dynamics were not related to range size, sex, body mass, or habitat complexity, but did vary by year. These results suggest that the predictability of activity patterns is seasonally dynamic, and failure to account for intraspecific variation in activity may cloud inference in LOF studies. We argue that future studies should not neglect the potential complexity of predator behavior with simplistic assumptions. By considering intraspecific variation in activity patterns, we may gain a clear picture of LOF dynamics.
Identification of vital modules and genes associated with heart failure based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis
Authors: Bian Weikang , Wang Zhicheng , Li Xiaobo , Jiang Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Hongsong , Liu Zhizhong , Zhang Dai‐Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a chronic heart disease with a high incidence and mortality. Due to the regulatory complexity of gene coexpression networks, the underlying hub genes regulation in HF remain incompletely appreciated. We aimed to explore potential key modules and genes for HF using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA).Methods and resultsThe expression profiles by high throughput sequencing of heart tissues samples from HF and non‐HF samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HF and non‐HF samples were firstly identified. Then, a coexpression network was constructed to identify key modules and potential hub genes. The biological functions of potential hub genes were analysed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING online tool. A total of 135 DEGs (133 up‐regulated and 2 down‐regulated DEGs) between HF and non‐HF samples were identified in the GSE135055 and GSE123976 datasets. Moreover, a total of 38 modules were screened based on WGCNA in the GSE135055 dataset, and six potential hub genes (UCK2, ASB1, CCNI, CUX1, IRX6, and STX16) were screened from the key module by setting the gene significance over 0.2 and the module membership over 0.8. Furthermore, 78 potential hub genes were obtained by taking the intersection of the 135 DEGs and all genes in the key module, and enrichment analysis revealed that they were mainly involved in the MAPK and PI3K‐AKT signalling pathways. Finally, in a PPI network constructed with the 78 potential hub genes, CUX1 and ASB1 were identified as hub genes in HF because they were also identified as potential hub genes in the WGCNA.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to employ WGCNA to identify the key module and hub genes for HF. Our study identified a module and two genes that might play important roles in HF, which may provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HF and improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying HF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed N3‐Directed C−H Halogenation of N9‐Arylpurines and Azapurines
Authors: Hu Junbin , Wang Chenxing , Yu Mingwu , Zhang Shaojuan , Chen Ning , Du Hongguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed direct ortho‐halogenation of N9‐arylpurines was developed by using N‐halogenated succinimide (NBS/NCS/NIS) as the halogenation reagents. The current procedure offers a late‐stage strategy to generate N9‐(ortho‐haloaryl)purines in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol was applicable to the substrates with both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient substituents and only monohalogenated products were formed. Moreover, the purinyl N3‐atom was verified as the directing group to facilitate Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H activation.
Black Swan in Phase Transfer Catalysis: Influence of Mixing Mode on the Stereoselectivity of Glycosylation
Authors: Myachin Ilya V. , Mamirgova Zarina Z. , Stepanova Elena V. , Zinin Alexander I. , Chizhov Alexander O. , Kononov Leonid O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhase transfer catalysis (PTC) is widely used for the preparation of anomerically pure aryl glycosides by glycosylation of phenols with glycosyl halides. Here, we attempted to synthesize 4‐(3‐chloropropoxy)phenyl (CPP) sialoside – a useful Janus glycoside for neoglycoconjugate synthesis. A batch glycosylation reaction under typical PTC conditions (N‐acetylsialyl chloride, 4‐(3‐chloropropoxy)phenol, Bu4NHSO4, AcOEt, 10 % aq Na2CO3) resulted in formation of CPP sialoside as a single anomer, albeit in low yield. Conversely, the PTC glycosylation in flow using Comet X‐01 micromixer doubled the yield of CPP sialoside, which was obtained as a mixture of anomers suggesting the change in the reaction mechanism apparently induced by the change in mixing mode. An increase in flow rate led to further loss of stereoselectivity while the use of T‐shaped mixer increased stereoselectivity. Similar results were obtained for N,N‐diacetylsialyl chloride and two other para‐alkoxy‐substituted phenols suggesting generality of the discovered phenomenon.
Glycerol electro‐reforming in alkaline electrolysis cells for the simultaneous production of value‐added chemicals and pure hydrogen – Mini‐review
Authors: Tuleushova Nazym , Holade Yaovi , Cornu David , Tingry Sophie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlycerol is a cheap, non‐toxic, and renewable by‐product of the rapid expansion of biodiesel and soap producers around the world. Glycerol electroforming is a method of oxidizing glycerol into valuable chemicals of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, polymer, and food industries. One of the technologies that have been studied over the past decades is to couple glycerol oxidation with the production of pure hydrogen in an electrolysis cell (so‐called electrolyzer), which has shown the advantage of consuming a much lower theoretical amount of electricity than conventional water electrolysis. The efficiency of this device is influenced by the nature, structure, and composition of the electrode material. This mini‐review concerns the understanding of glycerol electro‐oxidation, a brief state of the art of nanomaterials currently used to prepare electrode materials, and some results concerning the performance of electrolyzers in alkaline conditions that combine the efficient production of value‐added chemicals and hydrogen.