bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sustainable Swedish School Intervention with Extra Aerobic Exercise—Its Organization and Effects on Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement
Authors: Seger Izabela , Lundvall Suzanne , Eklund Annika , Jamshidpey Ali , Takats Johnny , Stålman Cecilia , Tidén Anna , Andersson Eva A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: A large majority of Swedish children do not reach the recommended daily activity level. Some, but not all, studies show that extra physical activity may have positive effects on children’s school performance, physical fitness and health. The present aim was to offer pupils from the 7th to the 8th grade extra aerobic exercise led by physical education teachers and to evaluate the effects on aerobic fitness, muscle strength, school grades and health. The hypothesis was that extra aerobic exercise would improve physical fitness, school grades and health. Methods: In the two-year project, 122 pupils aged 13–14 years from three schools constituted an aerobic group with 30 min extra exercise sessions (≥70% maximal heart rate) twice weekly. A control group of 26 pupils was included. All 148 pupils also had regular 60 min physical education lessons (2/week). A moderate to large significant effect size (via partial eta-squared) of the interaction effect for the aerobic group compared to the control group over time was generally seen for aerobic fitness, the muscle strength test with push-ups, school grades in Swedish, English and physical education, and in average school grade for four school subjects combined, thus also including mathematics. Results: Within the aerobic group, significant improvements were also shown for aerobic fitness, endurance and strength of abdominal and leg muscles, and the total physical test index during the two-year project. The control group showed no corresponding improvement in these parameters. Improvements in school grades were generally seen among both sexes in the aerobic group, whereas improvements in physical capacity were distinctly more pronounced among boys and seldom among girls. A similar pattern with significant improvement in several school grades was noted in all three intervention schools, although one of the schools had a distinctly larger proportion of children who immigrated to Sweden. The aerobic group showed significantly higher ratings (with a small to moderate effect size) on several questions about physical self-perception than the control group at the end of the 8th grade. Conclusion: This teacher-led school intervention generated a sustainable project with improvements in physical fitness and school grades. The project might act as an inspiration for other schools to increase physical activity to improve physical fitness and possibly school grades.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Short Birth Interval among Rural Women who Gave Birth in the Last Three Years at Dembecha District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Aklil Mastewal Belayneh , Temesgan Wubedle Zelalem , Anteneh Kiber Temesgen , Debele Tibeb Zena 
Published: June 2022

Background A woman can have fewer children when intervals between consecutive births are optimal. This has great importance for the well-being of women, pregnancy outcomes, and the long-term health of children under the age of five. We can save 2millon of the 11 million deaths of children under the age of five per year by avoiding short birth intervals. It is affected by the knowledge and attitude of women, particularly rural women, who had a high fertility rate. To our deep review, this is the first study done in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude towards short birth intervals and associated factors among rural women who gave birth in the last three years at Dembecha district, northwest Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 20 to October 20, 2019. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study participants and data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards short birth interval. The level of significant association was declared using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value of <0.05. Result From the total study participants, 66.4% (95% CI: 63.0–70.0) had good knowledge and 45.9% (95% CI: 42.3–49.8) had a positive attitude towards short birth intervals. In multivariable logistic regression: marital status, antenatal care follow-up, maternal occupation, and wealth status were significantly associated with knowledge. In addition, antenatal care follow-up and maternal occupation were significantly associated with attitude. Conclusion Majority of the participants had poor knowledge and a positive attitude towards short birth intervals. Hence, interventions should be done to optimize women's knowledge and attitude towards short birth intervals by enhancing antenatal care utilization.
Towards a New Paradigm: Employee Development through OD
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sankarasubramanyan 
Published: June 2022

Employee development is focused on training, education, coaching and on-the-job learning experiences for strengthening the competencies and improving the confidence of employees to deliver the needs of organisations. Organisation development (OD) is a planned process of organisation change based on the current situation and the desired future. Employee development has been significantly impacted by the VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) world created by the pandemic, remote working, and a significant reduction in training budgets. This is further amplified by the changing nature of employer–employee relationships. Hence, it is important to redefine the vision, strategy and approach to employee development and situate it in the reality of the current context. The author recommends that employee development should be seen through an OD perspective rather than as a standalone function. The focus should be on building a learning culture and envisioning employee development as a subset of the OD process.
Cancer rehabilitation and palliative care for socially vulnerable patients in Denmark: an exploration of practices and conceptualisations
Authors: Nissen Nina , Rossau Henriette Knold , Pilegaard Marc Sampedro , la Cour Karen 
Published: June 2022

Background: Despite a tax-funded, needs-based organisation of the Danish health system, social inequality in cancer rehabilitation and palliative care (PC) has been noted repeatedly. Little is known about how best to improve access and participation in cancer rehabilitation and PC for socio-economically disadvantaged and socially vulnerable patients. Aim: To gather, synthesise and describe practice-orientated development studies presented in Danish-language publications and examine the underpinning conceptualisations of social inequality and vulnerability; explore related views of stakeholders working in the field. Methods: The study comprised a narrative review of Danish-language literature on practice-orientated development studies which address social inequality and vulnerability in cancer rehabilitation and PC and an online stakeholder consultation workshop with Danish professionals and academics working in the field. Results: Two themes characterise the included publications ( n = 8): types of interventions; conceptualisations of social inequality and vulnerability; three themes were identified in the workshop data: focus and type of interventions; organisation of cancer care; and vulnerability of the healthcare system. The publications and the workshop participants ( n = 12) favoured approaches which provide additional individualised resources throughout the cancer trajectory for this patient group. The terms social inequality and social vulnerability are largely used interchangeably, and associated with low income and no or little education yet qualified with multiple descriptors, which reflect the diverse socio-economic situations professionals encounter in cancer patients and their psychosocial needs. Conclusion: Addressing social inequality and vulnerability in cancer rehabilitation and PC in Denmark entails practical and conceptual challenges. Of importance is individualised support and the integration of rehabilitation and PC into standardised care pathways. To conceive of social vulnerability as a layered, dynamic, relational and contextual concept reflects current practice in identifying the diversity of cancer patients who may benefit from additional support in accessing and participating in rehabilitation and PC.
Flexural performance of RC beams externally strengthened with a single-layer of basalt fiber reinforced polymer sheets
Authors: Kadhim Sara , Özakça Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) is an environment friendly strengthening material that can be used in several engineering applications. In this research, an experimental program was directed to investigate the BFRP strengthening adequacy of reinforced concrete beams. Eight simple-span beams were tested under the four-point bending test and were all made from the same concrete mixture. One layer of BFRP was applied on the soffit of B1, while this layer was wrapped partially along the sides of beams B2, B3, and B4 with vertical side extensions of 25, 75, and 105 mm, respectively, to evaluate the effect of vertical extension of the bottom BFRP layer on the flexural behavior of the strengthened beams. The beams B5 and B6 were strengthened with three BFRP U-strips along the flexural span without and with a bottom layer of BFRP sheet, respectively. On the other hand, the bottom and side surfaces of B7 were fully wrapped with a layer of BFRP, while B0 was kept without strengthening as a reference beam. The test results showed that strengthening with BFRP can noticeably improve the beam load capacity at cracking, yield, and ultimate stages. The ductility of strengthened beams was less than B0 by up to 33% for partial side strengthening and 45% for full side strengthening, while the toughness of all strengthened beams was higher than that of reference beam by 8–78%. The results also showed that increasing the vertical side extension of the bottom BFRP layer leads to significant load capacity increase.
Assessing needs for linguistic interpretation in hospital settings: A retrospective analysis of ad hoc interpreter requests
Authors: Bhambra Nishaant , Gold Morgan Spencer , Naumova Darya , Abdelhamid Kenzy , Lessard David , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: June 2022

Background: In Canada, healthcare professionals often rely on ad hoc interpreters, who are untrained volunteers recruited via intercom hospital announcements to interpret for patients with language barriers. This study analyzed the frequency of ad hoc interpreter requests via intercom announcements to estimate hospital interpretation needs. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis from intercom requests for medical interpretation collected from five hospitals of the McGill University Health Center. Requests included date, time, language requested, hospital location, and extension for who placed the request. Results: A total of 1265 intercom requests were placed for 48 languages, with the top five languages being Mandarin (17.8%), Punjabi (10.1%), Inuktitut (9.8%), Arabic (7.3%), and Cantonese (6.4%). Almost 69.8% of requests were made during working hours, 13.2% on workday evenings, and 14.8% on weekends. Requests came from urgent care (42.3%), outpatient (29.5%), and inpatient (23.3%) settings. Conclusion: This is the first published study that measures interpretation needs via intercom requests. We propose that our method can be replicated to inform implementation of professional medical interpretation services. We conclude that linguistic interpretation needs are significant in the Montreal area, and likely in Canada in general and pose a barrier to effective medical care.
Reduced-dose WBRT as consolidation treatment for patients with primary CNS lymphoma: an LOC network study
Authors: Lesueur Paul , Damaj Gandhi , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Roland Virginie , Schmitt Anna , Chinot Olivier , Fabbro Michel , Agapé Philippe , Moluçon-Chabrot Cécile , Chebrek Safia , Alentorn Agusti , Feuvret Loic , Delgadillo Daniel , Stefan Dinu , Choquet Sylvain , Nichelli Lucia , Mokhtari Karima , Mathon Bertrand , Dureau Sylvain , Soussain Carole , Houillier Caroline 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The optimal consolidation strategy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains controversial. Preventing radio-induced neurotoxicity of consolidation treatment through reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy (rdWBRT) at a dose of 23.4 Gy is an interesting alternative to conventional WBRT in patients aged &lt;60 years. From the LOC Network (Network for Oculo-cerebral Lymphomas) database, we retrospectively selected patients with PCNSL aged &lt;60 years who showed complete (CR) or unconfirmed CR after high-dose methotrexate–based chemotherapy and had received consolidation rdWBRT as the first-line treatment. If available, prospective neuropsychological follow-ups were reported. Twenty-nine patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 met the study selection criteria. Nine (31%) patients experienced relapse during the follow-up, with a median time from radiotherapy to recurrence of 8.7 months (interquartile range, 4-11.5). Five of those patients received salvage treatment and consolidation with intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Progression-free survival rates were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79%-100%), 72% (95% CI, 56%-88%), and 69% (95% CI, 52%-85%) at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Overall survival rates were 100%, 89% (95% CI, 79%-100%), and 86% (95% CI, 74%-99%) at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively, and were consistent with those observed for standard-dose WBRT (sdWBRT). No prognostic factor was identified. The results of the 36-month neuropsychological follow-up for a subset of patients appeared reassuring, with most patients exhibiting maintenance of or improvements in their baseline conditions. Our results, combined with phase 2 study results, support the use of rdWBRT instead of sdWBRT as a consolidation treatment in &lt;60-year-old patients showing CR after induction treatment.
Development and validation of an interstitial lung disease exposure questionnaire for sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jackson Peter , Padalkar Roma , Katagira Winceslaus , Mortimer Kevin , Rykiel Natalie A. , Robertson Nicole M. , Pollard Suzanne L. , Alupo Patricia , Checkley William , Kirenga Bruce , Siddharthan Trishul 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAmerican Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines recommend context-specific exposure assessments to diagnose interstitial lung disease (ILD). In sub-Saharan Africa, ILD diagnoses are rare, and locally validated ILD exposure questionnaires are not used.MethodsA physician-administered ILD exposure questionnaire was developed using a four-step mixed-methods modified Delphi approach. First, ILD questionnaires from high-income countries and data from Pneumotox were reviewed, compiled and face-validated. Second, a local pilot group of ILD experts ranked item relevance using a Likert scale and suggested additions. Third, the questionnaire format and pilot rankings were addressed in a focus group discussion that was analysed using grounded theory. Finally, following focus group discussion modifications, the resulting items (with three duplicate item groups for evaluation of internal consistency) were ranked for importance by members of the Pan-African Thoracic Society (PATS).ResultsFace validation resulted in 82 items in four categories: “Smoking and Drugs”, “Environmental Exposures”, “Occupations” and “Medications”. Pilot group (n=10) ranking revealed 27 outliers and 30 novel suggestions. Focus group (n=12) discussion resulted in 10 item deletions, 14 additions and 22 re-wordings; themes included desire for extensive questionnaires and stigma sensitivity. Final validation involved 58 PATS members (mean±sdage 46±10.6  years, 76% male, from 17 countries) ranking 84 items derived from previous steps and three duplicate question groups. The questionnaire was internally consistent (Cronbach's α >0.80) and ultimately included 73 items.ConclusionThis mixed-methods study included experts from 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and successfully developed a 73-item ILD exposure questionnaire for sub-Saharan Africa. African pulmonary experts valued region-specific additions and ranked several items from existing ILD questionnaires as unimportant.
Bronchodilator responsiveness and dysanapsis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Nelin Leif D. , Kielt Matthew J. , Jebbia Maria , Jadcherla Sudarshan , Shepherd Edward G. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following preterm birth is increasing. Bronchodilators are often used to treat patients with BPD with little evidence to guide therapy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are infant pulmonary function test (iPFT) parameters that can predict subsequent bronchodilator response in infants with BPD.MethodsSubjects in this study were part of a patient group in which we reported three BPD phenotypes (obstructive, restrictive and mixed) based on iPFT data. From that group, a cohort of 93 patients with iPFT data including bronchodilator response was eligible for this study.ResultsBronchodilator responsiveness was found in 59 people (63%) in the cohort. There were no differences in demographics between the responders and non-responders. There was no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) between the two groups. Responders had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV0.5) and FEV0.5/FVC (p<0.005) and greater indices of hyperinflation than did non-responders (p<0.005). Logistic regression modelling found that pre-bronchodilator FEV0.5and functional residual capacity/total lung capacity were significantly associated with bronchodilator response. The magnitude of response to bronchodilators was negatively correlated (R= −0.49, R2= 0.24, p<0.001) with the FEV0.5. The median dysanapsis ratio in responders (0.08, 95% CI 0.05–0.19) was significantly (p=0.005) smaller than in non-responders (0.18, 95% CI 0.06–0.38).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that there are pulmonary function test parameters associated with bronchodilator response. Responders had evidence of greater dysanaptic lung growth than non-responders.
Identification of risk factors for delirium, cognitive decline, and dementia after cardiac surgery (FINDERI—find delirium risk factors): a study protocol of a prospective observational study
Authors: Sadlonova Monika , Vogelgsang Jonathan , Lange Claudia , Günther Irina , Wiesent Adriana , Eberhard Charlotte , Ehrentraut Julia , Kirsch Mareike , Hansen Niels , Esselmann Hermann , Timäus Charles , Asendorf Thomas , Breitling Benedict , Chebbok Mohammed , Heinemann Stephanie , Celano Christopher , Kutschka Ingo , Wiltfang Jens , Baraki Hassina , von Arnim Christine A. F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium is a common complication of cardiac surgery associated with higher morbidity, longer hospital stay, risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality. Geriatric patients, patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and intensive care patients are at a high risk of developing postoperative delirium. Gold standard assessments or biomarkers to predict risk factors for delirium, cognitive decline, and dementia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery are not yet available.

Methods
The FINDERI trial (FINd DElirium RIsk factors) is a prospective, single-center, observational study. In total, 500 patients aged ≥ 50 years undergoing cardiac surgery at the Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery of the University of Göttingen Medical Center will be recruited. Our primary aim is to validate a delirium risk assessment in context of cardiac surgery. Our secondary aims are to identify specific preoperative and perioperative factors associated with delirium, cognitive decline, and accelerated dementia after cardiac surgery, and to identify blood-based biomarkers that predict the incidence of postoperative delirium, cognitive decline, or dementia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Discussion
This prospective, observational study might help to identify patients at high risk for delirium prior to cardiac surgery, and to identify important biological mechanisms by which cardiac surgery is associated with delirium. The predictive value of a delirium screening questionnaire in cardiac surgery might be revealed. Finally, the identification of specific blood biomarkers might help to predict delirium, cognitive decline, and dementia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Trial registration: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the IRB of the University of Göttingen Medical Center. The investigators registered this study in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; https://www.drks.de) (DRKS00025095) on April 19th, 2021.
Accuracy of echocardiography and ultrasound protocol to identify shock etiology in emergency department
Authors: Ramadan Asmaa , Abdallah Tamer , Abdelsalam Hassan , Mokhtar Ahmed , Razek Assem Abdel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of shock aimed at prevention of prolonged hypoperfusion has shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with undifferentiated shock. However, there is often a challenge in emergency department (ED) – where diagnosis is mainly based on clinical signs and standard monitoring parameters. Early use of point of care ultrasound could reduce the diagnostic time and improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of echocardiography - ultrasound protocol to identify the cause of shock in ED.

Method
The study was conducted on 150 shocked patients admitted to emergency department of Alexandria Main University Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020. The study was conducted to reach initial impression about shock etiology which was then compared to final diagnosis to determine accuracy, agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results
One hundred forty patients were included in the study (10 patients were excluded). The protocol was 100% accurate for diagnosing cases with obstructive and mixed obstructive distributive shock. It showed excellent rule- out characteristics for cardiogenic shock (sensitivity and NPV = 100%). There was almost perfect agreement between provisional and final shock type for mixed distributive cardiogenic shock (kappa 0.915). Echo- US protocol had lowest agreement and PPV for patients with hypovolemic shock Kappa 0.48 and 35% respectively.

Conclusion
The Echo- US protocol showed a high accuracy in identifying shock etiology in ED and is likely a promising diagnostic tool in emergency care.