bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of disc winds and turbulence-driven accretion on planet populations
Authors: Alessi Matthew , Pudritz Ralph E 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent surveys show that protoplanetary discs have lower levels of turbulence than expected based on their observed accretion rates. A viable solution to this is that magnetized disc winds dominate angular momentum transport. This has several important implications for planet formation processes. We compute the physical and chemical evolution of discs and the formation and migration of planets under the combined effects of angular momentum transport by turbulent viscosity and disc winds. We take into account the critical role of planet traps to limit Type I migration in all of these models and compute thousands of planet evolution tracks for single planets drawn from a distribution of initial disc properties and turbulence strengths. We do not consider multiplanet models nor include N-body planet–planet interactions. Within this physical framework we find that populations with a constant value disc turbulence and winds strength produce mass–semimajor axis distributions in the M–a diagram with insufficient scatter to compare reasonably with observations. However, populations produced as a consequence of sampling discs with a distribution of the relative strengths of disc turbulence and winds fit much better. Such models give rise to a substantial super Earth population at orbital radii 0.03–2 au, as well as a clear separation between the produced hot Jupiter and warm Jupiter populations. Additionally, this model results in a good comparison with the exoplanetary mass–radius distribution in the M–R diagram after post-disc atmospheric photoevaporation is accounted for.
Housewives and Entrepreneurs: Local Coalitions of Power and the Political Construction of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Turkey
Authors: Aymé Prunelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars have interpreted the popularity of women’s entrepreneurship as a co-optation of feminism by neoliberalism at a global level. I argue that we need to pay more attention to local actors promoting women’s entrepreneurship. This article focuses on projects targeting lower-class women and relies on an ethnographic survey of a handicraft market in Gaziantep, Turkey. The promotion of women’s entrepreneurship fits both the Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) conservative agenda and the strategies of local businesses. I first show that although officially a civil society initiative, this project is tied to partisan, corporate, and municipal support. Second, I analyze the economic, social, and political effects of the market on saleswomen’s lives. As a site for political mobilization by the AKP, this project has implications for women’s ties with the municipality and the party. It is a telling case to analyze how women’s empowerment projects might be instrumental for a populist and authoritarian party’s agenda.
Oral administration of pentachlorophenol impairs antioxidant system, inhibits enzymes of brush border membrane, causes DNA damage and histological changes in rat intestine
Authors: Maheshwari Nikhil , Khan Aijaz Ahmed , Ali Asif , Mahmood Riaz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a broad spectrum biocide that has many domestic and industrial applications. PCP enters the environment due to its wide use, especially as a wood preservative. Human exposure to PCP is through contaminated water and adulterated food products. PCP is highly toxic and is classified as class 2B or probable human carcinogen. In this study, we explored the effect of PCP on rat intestine. Adult rats were orally given different doses of PCP (25–150-mg/kg body weight/day) in corn oil for 5 days, whereas controls were given similar amount of corn oil. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment. A marked increase in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl content, and hydrogen peroxide level was seen. The glutathione and sulfhydryl group content was decreased in all PCP treated groups. This strongly suggests the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestine. PCP administration suppressed carbohydrate metabolism, inhibited enzymes of brush border membrane (BBM), and antioxidant defense system. It also led to increase in DNA damage, which was evident from comet assay, DNA-protein cross-linking, and DNA fragmentation. Histological studies supported the biochemical results showing marked dose-dependent tissue damage in intestines from PCP treated animals. This study reports for the first time that oral administration of PCP induces ROS, impairs the antioxidant system, damages DNA, and alters the enzyme activities of BBM and metabolic pathways in rat intestine.
An IDDES study of the near-wake flow topology of a simplified heavy vehicle
Authors: Zhang Jie , Guo Zhanhao , Han Shuai , Krajnović Siniša , Sheridan John , Gao Guangjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The complex wake flow of a GTS (ground transportation system) model contributes to large percentage of the aerodynamic drag force. Therefore, predicting accurate wake flow will help carry out the drag reduction strategies. In this paper, the near-wake flow topology of the GTS was studied at Re = 2.7×104 to assess the capability of a hybrid RANS/LES (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation) approach, known as IDDES (improved delayed detached eddy simulation). The current study also aims to understand the effects of different computational parameters, e.g. the spatial resolution, time step, residual level, discretization scheme and turbulence model, on this asymmetrical wake flow configuration. A comparison of IDDES with previous water channel tests, well-resolved LES, partially averaged Navier–Stokes and URANS (unsteady RANS) was included to better understand the benefits of this hybrid RANS/LES approach. The results show that on the medium and fine grids, the IDDES produces an asymmetrical flow topology (known as flow state I) in the near-wake of the vertical midplane, as reported in previous studies. The recommended parameters for the time step (1×10–4 s) and residual level (1×10–4) provide sufficient accuracy of wake predictions to show good agreement with experiments. For the convective term of the momentum equation in IDDES, the bounded central difference discretization scheme is proposed to be adopted for discretization. Additionally, URANS cannot accurately capture this asymmetrical flow field. IDDES proves to be capable of predicting the wake flow field of this simplified heavy vehicle with high accuracy. All obtained conclusions can provide references for the aerodynamic drag reduction of the GTS.
The predictive value of macaque models of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention
Authors: García-Lerma J. Gerardo , McNicholl Janet M. , Heneine Walid 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
We review macaque models for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention and highlight their role in advancing currently approved and novel PrEP agents.

Recent findings
The development of the repeat low dose simian HIV (SHIV) challenge models represented a significant advancement in preclinical PrEP modeling that has allowed the investigation of PrEP under conditions that better mimic HIV exposures in humans. These models incorporate relevant drug pharmacology to inform drug correlates of PrEP protection. Models of rectal, vaginal, and penile infection are now available and have been found to predict clinical efficacy of all the currently approved PrEP strategies including daily oral PrEP with the combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide, and a long-acting formulation of the integrase inhibitor cabotegravir. These models are being used to test new PrEP modalities including the nucleoside reverse transcriptase-translocation inhibitor islatravir and long-acting capsid inhibitors. The SHIV models have also been supplemented by sexually transmitted infection co-infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum or Trichomonas vaginalis to assess the impact of inflammation on PrEP efficacy.

Summary
Clinical efficacy validated current PrEP macaque models supporting their continued use to advance novel PrEP agents to improve global PrEP coverage.
Drug-induced optic neuropathy
Authors: Horwitz Anna , Horwitz Henrik 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Drug-induced optic neuropathy is an understudied subject, and most of the evidence is based on case-reports. Amiodarone, ciprofloxacin, disulfiram, and sildenafil have been associated with optic neuropathy and their use is relatively prevalent. We therefore set out to investigate the strength of this association. In this nationwide cohort, we identified all incident users of the four drugs studied during the period 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. We then investigated their incidence of optic neuropathy in the year prior to prescription and in the year following We found that the risk of being diagnosed with optic neuropathy was 2.27 [95% confidence interval (1.29–4.00)] higher times during amiodarone therapy than in the year prior to prescription, but for the three other drugs we found no certain association. This study revealed a weak association between optic neuropathy and amiodarone; however, we were unable to confirm any association with ciprofloxacin, sildenafil, and disulfiram.
Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Pediatric Osteoarticular Infection: When and to Whom?
Authors: Alcobendas Rueda Rosa M. , Núñez Esmeralda , Martín Laura , Hernández María Belén , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Udaondo Clara , Murias Sara , Remesal Agustin , Calvo Cristina ,   on behalf of the Rioped Group
Published: June 2022

Background:
Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) are typically treated initially with intravenous antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an exclusive oral treatment in selected children may be appropriate.

Methods:
The Spanish Network of Osteoarticular Infections is a nationwide multicenter registry comprising 37 hospitals in Spain. The registry prospectively includes clinical characteristics and outcome of children with OAI. One of the hospitals from RioPed offers oral treatment to children meeting certain criteria. Patients were classified into 2 groups. Group 1: management with initial intravenous antibiotic therapy. Group 2: patients exclusively treated with oral antibiotics. A comparison between the 2 groups was performed.

Results:
We compared 893 children who initially received intravenous antibiotics (group 1) with 64 children who received exclusively oral therapy (group 2). Patients from group 2 were younger (33.9 vs. 20.3 months; P = 0.001), had a lower percentage of Staphylococcus aureus (23.3% vs. 3.1%; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of Kingella kingae (12.1% vs. 28.1%; P = 0.001), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate/C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (1.4 interquartile range 0.6–3.6 vs. 3.3 interquartile range 1.7–5.7; P < 0.001) and showed lower rate of fever (63% vs. 48.8%; P = 0.024) than in group 1. Complications were not found in group 2.

Conclusions:
An exclusively oral administration could be a safe option in selected patients with OAI. Low-risk criteria are proposed: good general condition, no underlying disease, 6 months to 3 years old, appropriate oral tolerance, C-reactive protein <80 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate/C-reactive protein ratio ≥0.67, no skin injury, no recent surgery, no cervical spondylodiscitis and no local complications at onset.
Bilateral endophthalmitis after cataract surgery causing scleral melt and intraocular lens exposure
Authors: Kim Daniel S. , Shortell Justin D. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Postsurgical endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication most commonly occurring after cataract surgery. As immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) becomes more used, it is important to recognize the risk for bilateral endophthalmitis leading to permanent vision loss. This report reviews a devastating complication of ISBCS.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
We report a 64-year-old man who underwent ISBCS, who presented with severe headache and eye pain late in the course of bilateral endophthalmitis. The right eye was disorganized with shrinkage in addition to superior scleral rupture/melt and prolapsed uveal tissue. The left eye showed superior complete scleral thinning with an exposed intraocular lens.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Computed tomography maxillofacial study confirmed bilateral endophthalmitis with deformation of the globes with abscess formation. A culture of the exposed purulent material revealed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Owing to the severity of the infection, a primary bilateral enucleation was performed, which was tolerated well without signs of systemic infection.

Conclusions:
Surgeons should proceed with caution, given the devastating complications that can come with ISBCS. Stricter criteria for patient selection may avoid complications when patient reliability or incomplete medical history is of concern.
Cochlear Implantation in Young Mandarin-Speaking Children: One Year After First Fitting
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Wang Suju , Yang Hua , Feng Guodong , Shang Yingying , Wang Bin , Tian Xu , Li Ying , Wei Xingmei , Shu Zhi , Chiusso Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Bilateral cochlear implantation has been shown to be beneficial in terms of sound localization and speech recognition in children with congenital deafness. However, little is known about the benefits of bilateral cochlear implantationin children who communicate in a tonal language such as Mandarin. This study aims to investigate the auditory perception and speech intelligibility of Mandarin-speaking children 1 year after first fitting.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-nine children aged between 11.5 and 17.9 months with severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were recruited; 10 were unilaterally implanted and 19 were bilaterally implanted. A test battery was used to monitor improvements during the first year of cochlear implant use.

Results
Bilaterally implanted children scored better in the spatial domain of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of hearing scale for Parents (SSQ-P) in comparison to unilaterally implanted children. Significant improvements were observed in auditory performance and speech intelligibility at 6 and 12 months after first fitting for both groups of children.

Discussion
Young children that speak a tonal language, such as Mandarin, can obtain significant improvements in hearing and speech abilities within the first year of cochlear implant use. Furthermore, bilateral implantation provides users with better spatial hearing in comparison to unilateral implantation.
Effect of AR42 in Primary Vestibular Schwannoma Cells and a Xenograft Model of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Misztal Carly , Bracho Olena , Bas Esperanza , Estivill Michael , Ivan Michael E. , Morcos Jacques , Bhatia Rita , Telischi Fred , Liu Xue-Zhong , Gultekin Sakir H. , Fernandez-Valle Cristina , Dinh Christine T. 
Published: June 2022

Hypothesis
AR42, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, reduces viability of primary vestibular schwannoma (VS) cells and delays tumor progression and hearing loss (HL) in a xenograft model of VS.

Background
The impact of HDAC expression on AR42 response in primary VS cells is unknown, as well as the effects of AR42 on VS-associated HL and imbalance.

Methods
Primary human VS cells (n = 7) were treated with AR42 (0–3.0 μM), and viability assays were conducted. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting for phosphorylated-HDAC2 (pHDAC2) were performed on tumor chunks. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in Fischer rats using mass spectrometry. Merlin-deficient Schwann cells were grafted onto cochleovestibular nerves of immunodeficient rats and treated with vehicle (n=7) or AR42 (25 mg/kg/day for 4weeks; n=12). Tumor bioluminescence imaging, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and rotarod tests were conducted to 6weeks. Final tumor weight and toxicities were measured.

Results
AR42 caused dose-dependent reductions in viability of VS cells. Tumors with higher pHDAC2:HDAC2 ratios had greater reductions in viability with AR42. On pharmacokinetic studies, AR42 reached peak levels in nerve ~24 hours after oral administration. Although AR42-treated rats demonstrated mean ABR threshold shifts ~10 to 20 dB lower than controls, this did not persist nor reach significance. When compared to controls, AR42 did not affect tumor bioluminescence, tumor weight, and rotarod measurements.

Conclusions
Response of primary VS cells to AR42 may be influenced by pHDAC2 expression in tumor. Although AR42 may delay HL in our xenograft model, it did not halt tumor growth or vestibular dysfunction. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the AR42 effectiveness in NF2-associated VS.
Efficacy of Balloon Tuboplasty for Baro-Challenge-Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and a Retrospective Cohort Study of 39 Patients
Authors: Oehlandt Heidi , Laakso Juha , Lindfors Oskari , Toivonen Joonas , Poe Dennis , Sinkkonen Saku T. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Baro-challenge-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) manifests due to inadequate Eustachian tube (ET) function during rapid ambient pressure changes, although ET function may be normal in normobaric situations. This systematic review and retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) for the treatment of baro-challenge-induced ETD.

Data Sources
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Helsinki University Hospital cohort.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in November 2020 and resulted in 174 articles. Eight articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was available altogether from 74 adult baro-challenge-induced ETD patients. In addition, we retrospectively evaluated 39 BET operations at Helsinki University Hospital from 2011 to 2020. Data from these 39 patients were collected from medical charts, and a questionnaire was sent to the patients. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate subjective symptom improvement, changes in ETD Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) scores, and Valsalva maneuver performance.

Results
In the systematic review, the outcome parameters varied between studies. Improvement was reported in subjective symptoms, Valsalva maneuver, ETDQ-7, tubomanometry, and pressure chamber test. Response rate for the Helsinki University Hospital cohort study was 72% (28/39). Mean follow-up time from the BET to the questionnaire was 4 years 8 months (SD 26months). Of those patients 93% (26/28) found the operation beneficial. Meta-analysis including up to 113 patients showed improvement in Valsalva maneuver, ETDQ-7, and improvement in subjective symptoms. Overall improvement in symptoms was noted in 81% of the patients.

Conclusion
BET seems to be effective in the majority of patients with baro-challenge-induced ETD.
Analysis of Bone Mineral Density and Bithermal Caloric Test Results in Unilateral Idiopathic Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Patients
Authors: Jiang Xiuwen , Ding Haibing , Shen Bin , Wu Ziying , Luo Baozhen 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequently diagnosed type of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Studies have reported a possible association between BPPV and osteoporosis; however, there is still a lack of evidence. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) and bithermal caloric test results in patients with unilateral posterior canal idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (pc-iBPPV).

Methods
BMD was measured in 65pc-iBPPV menopausal female patients and 65 healthy controls using dual-energy xray absorptiometry and then compared the T-score of BMD between the two groups. The bithermal caloric test was also performed with video nystagmography and the relationship between canal paresis, directional preponderance, T-score, and recurrence were analyzed.

Results
Lower T-scores were observed in pc-iBPPV patients compared with the normal subjects. Among 65 pc-iBPPV patients, free recurrence was observed in 38 (58.5%), single recurrence was noted in 14 (21.5%), and multiple recurrences were seen in 13 (20%) patients. The proportion of positive T-score and CP value increased with the pc-BPPV recurrence frequency. Statistically, a significant difference was found only in T-score, indicating that recurrence was raised with a decrement of T-score. The proportion of positive CP values tended to increase as BMD decreased.

Conclusion
The decrement of BMD might be one of the pathogeneses in patients with unilateral pc-iBPPV and associated with multiple recurrences. Moreover, positive CP value cannot be regarded as a predictive factor for recurrence; however, there is a clear association between CP and BMD.
Gastrointestinal effects of diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M.M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Food ingestion is an exacerbator of gastrointestinal symptoms, regardless of origin. Sufferers mistakenly assume that they have suffered an allergic reaction to a given food. Although classical IgE-mediated allergic reactions are rarely culpable, evidence for a role for intolerance to certain carbohydrates in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and related conditions increases. This review assesses the status of a commonly implicated group of poorly absorbed carbohydrates (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols – FODMAPs) in gastrointestinal pathophysiology.

Recent findings
Although evidence of efficacy for low FODMAP diets in IBS accumulates, the magnitude of this effect has declined in recent studies. Comparisons to other dietary approaches have revealed conflicting results; some suggest superiority, others find parity. Concerns had been raised regarding long-term nutritional, psychological and microbiological impacts of FODMAP restriction; providing that the diet is administered in the recommended manner, these do not appear to be clinically important. The mechanisms whereby FODMAPs cause gastrointestinal symptoms continue to be explored.

Summary
FODMAPS induce gastrointestinal symptoms in susceptible individuals and their restriction provides clinical benefits. The magnitude of these benefits, the superiority of FODMAP restriction over other dietary approaches and the mechanisms of its effects continue to be defined.
Integrating new and emerging therapies into inflammatory bowel disease clinical practice
Authors: Sekhri Shaina , Yarur Andres J. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to highlight new and emerging therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and provide insight on how these therapies can be integrated into clinical practice.

Recent findings
The article covers clinical and real-world data for Janus kinase inhibitors, anti-interleukin antibodies, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, and anti-integrin therapies. It also explores the potential role of antifibrotic agents, microbiota-based innovations, and for personalized medicine in IBD.

Summary
The treatment of IBD has evolved significantly in the last two decades, with a host of new treatment options available and arising for patients. With these advancements, positioning these drugs in a treatment algorithm to create a more personalized approach to improve efficacy and prognosis is critical.