bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Closure of Catchment Mass Balance: Insight on the Missing Link From a Vegetated Lysimeter
Authors: Asadollahi Mitra , Nehemy Magali F. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Rinaldo Andrea , Benettin Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlant transpiration plays a significant role in the terrestrial cycles, but the spatiotemporal origins of water used by plant remains highly uncertain. Therefore, the missing link to fully characterize the water mass balance, for any control volume including significant vegetated surfaces, is identifying and quantifying the key factors that control the age of water used by plants. Here, we bring together an age‐based (tran‐SAS) and a physically based (HYDRUS‐1D) model contrasting information gleaned from soil, drainage, and xylem samples at stand scale. In particular, we focus on the relative role of advection, dispersion, and root distribution on the age of water uptake and drainage. We suggest that the interplay of advective and dispersive forces, subsumed by the local Péclet number, drives the age composition of drainage even in the case of extreme uptake rates. The vegetation influence on the age of drainage is mainly exerted by diversifying the subsurface transport pathways resulting in large dispersivity and spatial heterogeneity of soil hydraulic parameters. We introduce a uniform‐equivalent root length for vegetation and show that its ratio to the effective size of the subsurface water storage controls the age selection of water uptakes. Our results are suggestive of a route forward toward a general toolbox to upscale mass balance closures for catchments embedding large and diverse plant assemblages.
Titan’s Prevailing Circulation Might Drive Highly Intermittent, Yet Significant Sediment Transport
Authors: Comola F. , Kok J. F. , Lora J. M. , Cohanim K. , Yu X. , He C. , McGuiggan P. , Hörst S. M. , Turney F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitan, the largest moon of Saturn, is characterized by gigantic linear dunes and an active dust cycle. Much like on Earth, these aeolian processes are caused by the wind‐driven saltation of surface grains. It is still unclear, however, how saltation on Titan can occur despite the typically weak surface winds and the potentially cohesive surface grains. Here, we explore the hypothesis that saltation on Titan may be sustained at lower wind speeds than previously thought, primarily through granular splash rather than aerodynamic lifting of surface grains. We propose a saltation mass flux parameterization for Titan and use it to quantify sediment transport with a general circulation model. The results suggest that Titan's prevailing circulation can generate highly intermittent yet significant saltation, with mass fluxes of the order of 104 kg m−1 year−1, and that Titan dunes may be formed primarily by fine grains, approximately 0.1 mm in size.
Isotopic Constraints on the Formation Mechanisms of Sulfate Aerosols in the Summer Arctic Marine Boundary Layer
Authors: He Pengzhen , Alexander Becky , Kang Hui , Jiang Bei , Yu Xiawei , Yue Fange , Xie Zhouqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSulfate is a major aerosol species offsetting the Arctic warming. Quantifying sulfate formation mechanisms is conducive to assess its climatic effects and sulfur budget. However, relevant observations are sparse over the Arctic Ocean. Here, we present observations of surface sulfate and its Δ17O (=δ17O–0.52δ18O) over the latitude of 63.3–87.7°N in the Arctic Ocean in July–September 2012 to estimate sulfate production mechanisms. Potential contamination from ship plume on the observed sulfate was corrected based on black carbon. The corrected non‐sea‐salt sulfate (nss‐SO42−cor) varied from 0.0 to 1.3 μg m−3 with the mean of 0.3 ± 0.3(1σ) μg m−3. Samples with high contributions (≥80%) from sea‐salt sulfate and anthropogenic sulfate from ship plume possess Δ17O(SO42−) at ∼0‰. Δ17O of nss‐SO42−cor ranged from 0.0 to 0.9‰ with the mean of 0.5 ± 0.3‰. The low Δ17O values directly suggest the contribution from O3 oxidation to sulfate production is minor in summer Arctic due to this mechanism resulting in Δ17O(SO42−) = 9.8‰. Further calculations constrained by Δ17O indicate sulfate production was dominated by H2O2 oxidation with the possible contribution of 37%–66%, higher than the estimated fraction of 29% from OH oxidation. The role of HOBr oxidation is related to its abundance, which can reach a maximum contribution of 24% at assumption of [HOBr] = 1 ppt in summer Arctic. Future model studies with the constraint of sulfate and Δ17O observations in this study will further improve our knowledge of global sulfur budget and sulfate formation mechanisms in the Arctic.
The miR-98-3p/JAG1/Notch1 axis mediates the multigenerational inheritance of osteopenia caused by maternal dexamethasone exposure in female rat offspring
Authors: Han Hui , Xiao Hao , Wu Zhixin , Liu Liang , Chen Ming , Gu Hanwen , Wang Hui , Chen Liaobin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone is widely used to treat potential premature delivery and related diseases. Our previous studies have shown that prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) can cause bone dysplasia and susceptibility to osteoporosis in female rat offspring. However, whether the effect of PDE on bone development can be extended to the third generation (F3 generation) and its multigenerational mechanism of inheritance have not been reported. In this study, we found that PDE delayed fetal bone development and reduced adult bone mass in female rat offspring of the F1 generation, and this effect of low bone mass caused by PDE even continued to the F2 and F3 generations. Furthermore, we found that PDE increases the expression of miR-98-3p but decreases JAG1/Notch1 signaling in the bone tissue of female fetal rats. Moreover, the expression changes of miR-98-3p/JAG1/Notch1 caused by PDE continued from the F1 to F3 adult offspring. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-98-3p in oocytes of the F1 and F2 generations were increased. We also confirmed that dexamethasone upregulates the expression of miR-98-3p in vitro and shows targeted inhibition of JAG1/Notch1 signaling, leading to poor osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, maternal dexamethasone exposure caused low bone mass in female rat offspring with a multigenerational inheritance effect, the mechanism of which is related to the inhibition of JAG1/Notch1 signaling caused by the continuous upregulation of miR-98-3p expression in bone tissues transmitted by F2 and F3 oocytes.
Evaluation of kidney dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Mahmoud Asmaa Abdel Sameea , Elsalam Heba Badawy Abd , El-Deeb Sara Mahmoud , Zanaty Fouad Mohamed , Aboelghar Hesham Mohamed , Elharoun Mohamed Shokry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The major increase in the survival rate among children with cancer is due to improvement in the diagnosis and treatment. Despite this increase, childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of developing late complications such as nephrotoxicity due to chemotherapy. So, we aimed to detect early subclinical kidney dysfunction among CCS.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was implemented on 52 survivors of childhood cancer recruited from Pediatric Oncology Unit, Menoufia University. Laboratory evaluations for each participant, including complete blood count, serum urea, creatinine, urinary protein, urinary calcium, uric acid, and serum cystatin C and urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (UrNGAL) by ELISA were obtained.

Results
Estimated GFR was decreased in 23.1% of cases, with elevated serum cystatin C, UrNGAL and UrNGAL/Cr. There was a significant increase of Uprotein/Cr, UCa/Cr, UACR (p = 0.02), UrNGAL and UrNGAL/Cr (P < 0.001) in patients with tubular dysfunction compared without tubular dysfunction. There was a significant difference between two groups regarding cisplatin (P = 0.03) and high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy (p = 0.04). The AUCs for detecting kidney tubular dysfunction by UrNGAL and UrNGAL/Cr were 0.807 and 0.747.

Conclusion
A significant tubular dysfunction among childhood cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy as cisplatin and high-dose methotrexate.

Impact

Detection of kidney dysfunction mainly tubular in childhood cancer survivors after finishing chemotherapy.

Urinary NGAL is a good predictor for detection of tubular dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors after finishing chemotherapy.
Meta-omics-aided isolation of an elusive anaerobic arsenic-methylating soil bacterium
Authors: Viacava Karen , Qiao Jiangtao , Janowczyk Andrew , Poudel Suresh , Jacquemin Nicolas , Meibom Karin Lederballe , Shrestha Him K , Reid Matthew C , Hettich Robert L , Bernier-Latmani Rizlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil microbiomes harbour unparalleled functional and phylogenetic diversity. However, extracting isolates with a targeted function from complex microbiomes is not straightforward, particularly if the associated phenotype does not lend itself to high-throughput screening. Here, we tackle the methylation of arsenic (As) in anoxic soils. As methylation was proposed to be catalysed by sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, to date, there are no available anaerobic isolates capable of As methylation, whether sulfate-reducing or otherwise. The isolation of such a microorganism has been thwarted by the fact that the anaerobic bacteria harbouring a functional arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (ArsM) tested to date did not methylate As in pure culture. Additionally, fortuitous As methylation can result from the release of non-specific methyltransferases upon lysis. Thus, we combined metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics to identify the microorganisms actively methylating As in anoxic soil-derived microbial cultures. Based on the metagenome-assembled genomes of microorganisms expressing ArsM, we isolated Paraclostridium sp. strain EML, which was confirmed to actively methylate As anaerobically. This work is an example of the application of meta-omics to the isolation of elusive microorganisms.
Abnormal oligodendrocyte function in schizophrenia explains the long latent interval in some patients
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA puzzling feature of schizophrenia, is the long latency between the beginning of neuropathological changes and the clinical presentation that may be two decades later. Abnormalities in oligodendrocyte function may explain this latency, because mature oligodendrocytes produce myelination, and if myelination were abnormal from the outset, it would cause the synaptic dysfunction and abnormal neural tracts that are underpinning features of schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that latency is caused by events that occur in some patients as early as in-utero or infancy, because clones of abnormal, myelinating oligodendrocytes may arise at that time; their number doubles every ~2 years, so their geometric increase between birth and age twenty, when clinical presentation occurs, is about 1000-fold plus the effect of compounding. For those patients in particular, the long latency is because of a small but ongoing increase in volume of the resulting, abnormally myelinated neural tracts until, after a long latent interval, a critical mass is reached that allows the full clinical features of schizophrenia. During latency, there may be behavioral aberrancies because of abnormally myelinated neural tracts but they are insufficiently numerous for the clinical syndrome. The occurrence of behavioral symptoms during the long latent period, substantiates the hypothesis that abnormal oligodendrocytes explain the latency in some patients. Treatment with fingolimod or siponimod benefits both oligodendrocytes and neural tracts. Clinical trial would validate their potential benefit in appropriate patients with schizophrenia and, concurrently, would validate the hypothesis.
Dentistry as a professional career: the views of London's secondary school pupils (2011-2017)
Authors: Niven Victoria , Cabot Lyndon B. , Scambler Sasha , Gallagher Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAim To explore young people's perceptions of dentistry as a potential future career, including features which would attract or deter them from wanting to become dentists and the perceived influences on these views.Methods Purposive sampling of London schools was undertaken. Exploration of academically-able, science-minded young people's (aged 14-18 years) perceptions of dentistry as a potential career was achieved through a series of focus groups conducted at various types of school in the Greater London region (13 focus groups and 91 students). A topic guide, informed by the literature and previous research, explored the perceived motivating and demotivating factors and associated influences, identified by these pupils, on studying dentistry at university. Data were analysed using framework methodology.Results Multiple factors were identified by London secondary school pupils that would attract them to dentistry. Pull factors were: 1) science-based; 2) status and security - extrinsic rewards; 3) structure of service provision; 4) career opportunities; 5) social interactions; 6) personal skills and care - intrinsic rewards; and 7) being a vocational degree. Push factors away from the career included lack of diversity within the job and the 'negative image' of dentists, with medicine having greater social status and more varied career options. Individual and wider influences on pupils' perceptions included their personal experience with dentistry, social and community networks, the school environment, as well as system and societal level influencers.Conclusions These findings suggest that a wide range of influences determine teenagers' perceptions of a dental career. Pupils in London schools report similar features of dentistry as being attractive as dental students, as well as its importance as a vocational degree, and although dentistry appears to lack status and profile when compared with medicine, it may be more acceptable in relation to its lifestyle. Individual sociodemographic characteristics and wider environmental factors may influence the relative importance of these features.
Targeting myeloid derived suppressor cells reverts immune suppression and sensitizes BRAF-mutant papillary thyroid cancer to MAPK inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Peitao , Guan Haixia , Yuan Shukai , Cheng Huili , Zheng Jian , Zhang Zhenlei , Liu Yifan , Yu Yang , Meng Zhaowei , Zheng Xiangqian , Zhao Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMAPK signaling inhibitor (MAPKi) therapies show limited efficacy for advanced thyroid cancers despite constitutive activation of the signaling correlates with disease recurrence and persistence. Understanding how BRAF pathway stimulates tumorigenesis could lead to new therapeutic targets. Here, through genetic and pathological approaches, we demonstrate that BRAFV600E promotes thyroid cancer development by increasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) penetrance. This BRAFV600E-induced immune suppression involves re-activation of the developmental factor TBX3, which in turn up-regulates CXCR2 ligands in a TLR2-NFκB dependent manner, leading to MDSCs recruitment into the tumor microenvironment. CXCR2 inhibition or MDSCs repression improves MAPKi therapy effect. Clinically, high TBX3 expression correlates with BRAFV600E mutation and increased CXCR2 ligands, along with abundant MDSCs infiltration. Thus, our study uncovers a BRAFV600E-TBX3-CXCLs-MDSCs axis that guides patient stratification and could be targeted to improve the efficacy of MAPKi therapy in advanced thyroid cancer patients.
Ultrasound-controllable engineered bacteria for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Abedi Mohamad H. , Yao Michael S. , Mittelstein David R. , Bar-Zion Avinoam , Swift Margaret B. , Lee-Gosselin Audrey , Barturen-Larrea Pierina , Buss Marjorie T. , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid advances in synthetic biology are driving the development of genetically engineered microbes as therapeutic agents for a multitude of human diseases, including cancer. The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors, in particular, creates a favorable niche for systemically administered bacteria to engraft and release therapeutic payloads. However, such payloads can be harmful if released outside the tumor in healthy tissues where the bacteria also engraft in smaller numbers. To address this limitation, we engineer therapeutic bacteria to be controlled by focused ultrasound, a form of energy that can be applied noninvasively to specific anatomical sites such as solid tumors. This control is provided by a temperature-actuated genetic state switch that produces lasting therapeutic output in response to briefly applied focused ultrasound hyperthermia. Using a combination of rational design and high-throughput screening we optimize the switching circuits of engineered cells and connect their activity to the release of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In a clinically relevant cancer model, ultrasound-activated therapeutic microbes successfully turn on in situ and induce a marked suppression of tumor growth. This technology provides a critical tool for the spatiotemporal targeting of potent bacterial therapeutics in a variety of biological and clinical scenarios.
Aegilops sharonensis genome-assisted identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr62
Authors: Yu Guotai , Matny Oadi , Champouret Nicolas , Steuernagel Burkhard , Moscou Matthew J. , Hernández-Pinzón Inmaculada , Green Phon , Hayta Sadiye , Smedley Mark , Harwood Wendy , Kangara Ngonidzashe , Yue Yajuan , Gardener Catherine , Banfield Mark J. , Olivera Pablo D. , Welchin Cole , Simmons Jamie , Millet Eitan , Minz-Dub Anna , Ronen Moshe , Avni Raz , Sharon Amir , Patpour Mehran , Justesen Annemarie F. , Jayakodi Murukarthick , Himmelbach Axel , Stein Nils , Wu Shuangye , Poland Jesse , Ens Jennifer , Pozniak Curtis , Karafiátová Miroslava , Molnár István , Doležel Jaroslav , Ward Eric R. , Reuber T. Lynne , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Mascher Martin , Steffenson Brian J. , Wulff Brande B. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe wild relatives and progenitors of wheat have been widely used as sources of disease resistance (R) genes. Molecular identification and characterization of these R genes facilitates their manipulation and tracking in breeding programmes. Here, we develop a reference-quality genome assembly of the wild diploid wheat relative Aegilops sharonensis and use positional mapping, mutagenesis, RNA-Seq and transgenesis to identify the stem rust resistance gene Sr62, which has also been transferred to common wheat. This gene encodes a tandem kinase, homologues of which exist across multiple taxa in the plant kingdom. Stable Sr62 transgenic wheat lines show high levels of resistance against diverse isolates of the stem rust pathogen, highlighting the utility of Sr62 for deployment as part of a polygenic stack to maximize the durability of stem rust resistance.
Acquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice
Authors: Luo Wenhan , Yun Di , Hu Yi , Tian Miaomiao , Yang Jiajun , Xu Yifan , Tang Yong , Zhan Yang , Xie Hong , Guan Ji-Song 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe hippocampus interacts with the neocortical network for memory retrieval and consolidation. Here, we found the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony (20–40 Hz) in a hippocampal-dependent manner. The long-range gamma synchrony, which was coupled to the theta (7–10 Hz) rhythm and enhanced upon learning and recall, was mediated by inter-cortical projections from layer 5 neurons of the LEC to layer 2 neurons of the sensory and association cortices. Artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice for originally hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mechanistically, we found that activities of cortical c-Fos labeled neurons, which showed egocentric map properties, were modulated by LEC-mediated gamma synchrony during memory recall, implicating a role of cortical synchrony to generate an integrative memory representation from disperse features. Our findings reveal the hippocampal mediated organization of cortical memories and suggest brain-machine interface approaches to improve cognitive function.
UBR4/POE facilitates secretory trafficking to maintain circadian clock synchrony
Authors: Hegazi Sara , Cheng Arthur H. , Krupp Joshua J. , Tasaki Takafumi , Liu Jiashu , Szulc Daniel A. , Ling Harrod H. , Rios Garcia Julian , Seecharran Shavanie , Basiri Tayebeh , Amiri Mehdi , Anwar Zobia , Ahmad Safa , Nayal Kamar , Sonenberg Nahum , Liu Bao-Hua , Cheng Hai-Ling Margaret , Levine Joel D. , Cheng Hai-Ying Mary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUbiquitin ligases control the degradation of core clock proteins to govern the speed and resetting properties of the circadian pacemaker. However, few studies have addressed their potential to regulate other cellular events within clock neurons beyond clock protein turnover. Here, we report that the ubiquitin ligase, UBR4/POE, strengthens the central pacemaker by facilitating neuropeptide trafficking in clock neurons and promoting network synchrony. Ubr4-deficient mice are resistant to jetlag, whereas poe knockdown flies are prone to arrhythmicity, behaviors reflective of the reduced axonal trafficking of circadian neuropeptides. At the cellular level, Ubr4 ablation impairs the export of secreted proteins from the Golgi apparatus by reducing the expression of Coronin 7, which is required for budding of Golgi-derived transport vesicles. In summary, UBR4/POE fulfills a conserved and unexpected role in the vesicular trafficking of neuropeptides, a function that has important implications for circadian clock synchrony and circuit-level signal processing.
Atomic-precision Pt6 nanoclusters for enhanced hydrogen electro-oxidation
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Zhao Lianming , Li Xuejin , Liu Yong , Wang Yesheng , Yao Qiaofeng , Xie Jianping , Xue Qingzhong , Yan Zifeng , Yuan Xun , Xing Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe discord between the insufficient abundance and the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Pt urgently requires its atomic-level engineering for minimal Pt dosage yet maximized electrocatalytic performance. Here we report the design of ultrasmall triphenylphosphine-stabilized Pt6 nanoclusters for electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline solution. Benefiting from the self-optimized ligand effect and atomic-precision structure, the nanocluster electrocatalyst demonstrates a high mass activity, a high stability, and outperforms both Pt single atoms and Pt nanoparticle analogues, uncovering an unexpected size optimization principle for designing Pt electrocatalysts. Moreover, the nanocluster electrocatalyst delivers a high CO-tolerant ability that conventional Pt/C catalyst lacks. Theoretical calculations confirm that the enhanced electrocatalytic performance is attributable to the bifold effects of the triphenylphosphine ligand, which can not only tune the formation of atomically precise platinum nanoclusters, but also shift the d-band center of Pt atoms for favorable adsorption kinetics of *H, *OH, and CO.