bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
À propos de deux idées de démocratie
Authors: Zani Gian Vito 
Published: January 2022

Dans cet article, nous voulons analyser les différentes interprétations du concept de démocratie par Miguel Abensour et Friedrich A. Hayek. Dans la première partie, nous examinerons la critique de la démocratie par Hayek et sa proposition de démarchie ; dans la deuxième, le concept alternatif de démocratie insurgeante proposé par Abensour. Enfin, nous montrerons les points communs et les divergences entre les perspectives des deux auteurs afin de mettre en évidence leurs forces et leurs faiblesses et la difficulté de les enfermer dans les schémas classiques de droite et de gauche.
CIVILIZAÇÃO E PROGRESSO NO OESTE PAULISTA
Authors: Arantes Correa Rubens 
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo realizar breve panorama histórico sobre o processo de ocupação e colonização da região Oeste de São Paulo por companhias de exploração de terras e madeiras combinado ao avanço da frente agrícola cafeeira e pela expansão da rede ferroviária em direção ao chamado “sertão do Bauru” e seu impacto causado aos habitantes originários da região, dentre os quais os Kaingang que ocupavam porções territoriais localizadas entre os rios Tietê e seus afluentes, Paraná e Paranapanema, avançando as fronteiras em direção ao Mato Grosso e ao Paraná. Trata-se de um trabalho de retomada temática a partir da releitura de bibliografia pertinente à temática combinada com a pesquisa em jornais de época.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound isolates among Chinese burn patients
Authors: Guo Lijuan , Xu Hui , Yue Zhigang 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To investigate the resistance profiles to antimicrobial agents of wound-isolated Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa among Chinese burn patients.

Methods:
Electronic databases and manual search were used to identify eligible studies published since 2010. The objectives were pooled resistance rates for eleven common antimicrobial agents, estimated by a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the studies into three four-year periods based on year of isolation.

Results:
A total of 35 studies were included. Gentamicin had the highest pooled resistance rate (56%, 95% CI 48%-64%), while meropenem had the lowest pooled resistance rate (29%, 95% CI 20%-40%). There was an increasing trend of resistance to common antimicrobial agents of wound-isolated P. aeruginosa over a span of twelve years (2009-2020). There remained the highest risk of gentamicin resistance over time in China. Subgroup analyses indicated significantly higher resistances to ceftazidime and levofloxacin from 2017 to 2020.

Conclusions:
Enhanced resistance to common antimicrobial agents in wound-isolated P. aeruginosa presents a challenge in burn wound management in mainland China. Effective stewardship programs should be established based on corresponding resistance profiles, thereby optimizing treatment options for hospitalized burn patients.
Gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues of rats
Authors: Marefati Narges , Beheshti Farimah , Etemadizadeh Poorya , Hosseini Mahmoud , Anaeigoudari Akbar 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To explore the effect of ethyl acetate gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation and oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues of rats.

Methods:
The rats were divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS+Boswellia serrata extracts (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). LPS (1 mg/kg) and the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, 30 min before LPS) were administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. The levels of liver enzymes, albumin, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiol groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured.

Results:
The levels of liver enzymes, creatinine, and BUN, IL-6, MDA in the LPS group were markedly increased (P<0.001) while albumin, total protein, and total thiol concentration, as well as SOD and CAT activities, were decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Boswellia serrata extracts diminished the levels of liver enzymes, creatinine, BUN, IL-6, and MDA (P<0.01 and P<0.001), and elevated the concentration of total protein and total thiol and SOD and CAT activities (P<0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusions:
The ethyl acetate gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata reduces LPS-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative damage, thus ameliorating hepatic and renal function.
Anti-tumor effects and cellular mechanisms of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract against Ehrlich solid tumor in mice
Authors: Albalawi Aishah E. , Althobaiti Norah A. , Alhasani Reem Hasaballah , Alnomasy Sultan F. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To assess the anti-tumor effects of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract (PAME) compared with cyclophosphamide against Ehrlich solid tumors in mice.

Methods:
Swiss albino mice (n=40) were divided into five groups: normal control mice, mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with normal saline, mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally once a day for 14 d, or 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PAME orally once a day for 14 d. Tumor growth inhibition, body weight, tumor markers, liver and kidney enzymes, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level (TNF-α), and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression were evaluated.

Results:
Treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors with PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg orally significantly decreased tumor volume, body weight, tumor markers, liver and kidney enzymes, oxidative stress markers and TNF-α level in comparison with mice with Ehrlich solid tumors receiving normal saline. whereas PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day significantly elevated the level of antioxidant enzymes (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract has potent antitumor activity in mice. Therefore, the extract might be considered as an alternative anticancer agent against tumors, however, additional studies especially in the clinical setting are required to confirm this finding.
Excess iodine supplementation aggravates the toxic effects induced by perchlorate on the male reproductive system in rats
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To investigate the toxicity of excess iodine and perchlorate co-exposure on male reproductive system in rats.

Methods:
Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 received no treatment and served as the control group. Group 2 received perchlorate alone (130 mg/kg body weight), and group 3 received perchlorate (130 mg/kg body weight) plus excess iodine (0.7 mg potassium iodine/100 g body weight) for 45 days. Urinary perchlorate and iodine excretion pattern, testicular iodine concentration, serum testosterone levels, epididymal sperm count, key enzymes of steroidogenic pathway, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including total antioxidant profiles in testis with electron microscopic ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa were evaluated.

Results:
Co-exposure of perchlorate and excess iodine reduced their excretion pattern, reflecting accumulation with reactive oxygen species generation. It was accompanied by higher lipid peroxidation level with imbalance in the pro-/antioxidant status, inhibiting the activities of Δ5 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17 β-HSD rate limiting enzyme activities, and causing reduced synthesis of testosterone, parallel to reduction in testicular and accessory sex organs weight, epididymal sperm-count with deformed ultrastructure of sperm. Perchlorate alone was not a reproductive toxicant; however, in combination with excess-iodine, acute effects were noticed, resulting in a severe deterioration of testicular and spermatozoal structure and function.

Conclusions:
This study provides a novel insight on the augmentation of the relatively moderate repro-toxic effects of perchlorate to a more severe form in presence of excess iodine on male reproductive physiology, which justifies further investigations.
Uptake of in-vitro fertilization among couples attending fertility clinic in a tertiary health institution
Authors: Omobude Mabel Olubunmi , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Okafor Fidelis Uchendu 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To identify factors that determine the uptake of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and to determine the predicting effect of the identified factors on the uptake of IVF among couples attending fertility clinic at a tertiary health institution in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods:
This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. A self-structured questionnaire tested was validated and administered to 250 couples who attended fertility clinic. Data were collected from March 2021 to June 2021 and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data were presented and interpreted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Chi-square, univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Among 250 couples, 154 (61.6%) were willing to adopt IVF. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that catholic religion [odds ratio (OR) 0.21, 95% confident interval (CI) 0.54-0.73], family income (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10-2.00) and age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) were the major factors that determined the uptake of IVF, with P-value of <0.001, 0.018 and 0.031, respectively.

Conclusions:
The uptake of IVF could be sustained or improved on, if the government should improve on the cost of living for families, and religious leaders need to be encouraged to pass on the information about IVF to their members to be well guided about the possibilities of IVF.
Recurrent ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery
Authors: Kantawee Kuntima , Somboonporn Woraluk 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To study the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent ovarian endometrioma after ovarian cystectomy.

Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed 303 patients who underwent cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma and had at least a 2-year follow-up at Srinagarind Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. The patients were divided into the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups according to the findings from postoperative transvaginal ultrasonography 6 months after undergoing surgery. Nineteen factors were collected for risk evaluation. The prevalence of recurrent ovarian endometrioma and its 95% confident interval (CI) were calculated. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between factors and recurrence.

Results:
Recurrent ovarian endometrioma occurred in 33% (95% CI 27.7%-38.3%) patients. The median duration of follow-up was 36 months. during the median follow-up period of 36 months. Preoperative history of parity, preoperative infertility history, endometriosis surgery, moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, intraoperative stage 4 according to revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification, presence of adenomyosis, and postoperative pain relief were associated factors based on univariate analysis. In contrast, infertility [odds ratio (OR) 2.22, 95% CI 1.14-4.33], moderate to severe dysmenorrhea (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.15), and postoperative pelvic pain relief (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.42) were independently associated factors based on multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:
In our setting, preoperative infertility history and moderate to severe dysmenorrhea were associated with a higher recurrent ovarian endometrioma risk. In contrast, postoperative pain relief was significantly associated with lower recurrence risk.
Blepharis persica increases testosterone biosynthesis by modulating StAR and 3β-HSD expression in rat testicular tissues
Authors: Gaikar Nilesh , Patel Nishit , Patel Samir , Patel Priyal , Chudasama Piyush , Raval Manan 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Blepharis (B.) persica on testosterone biosynthesis and also to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods:
Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=6 per group). Group I received 0.3% w/w gum acacia suspension p.o. and served as the normal control group. Group II was administered testosterone propionate in arachis oil i.m. as the positive control group. Group III to V received B. persica methanolic extract p.o. at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Group VI to VIII received B. persica ethyl acetate fraction p.o. at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The testis was used for biochemical estimation and histological studies. The effects of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica on testicular testosterone, mRNA expression corresponding to steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) along with 3β-HSD enzyme assay were evaluated in testicular tissues and sperm concentration. Ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica was subjected to column chromatography. In-vitro studies were performed using TM3 cell line at three dose levels (50, 100, 200 μg/mL), each for methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction and 2-benzoxazolinone for evaluation of their comparative effect on testosterone production.

Results:
Ethyl acetate fraction and methanolic extract of B. persica could elevate the testicular testosterone content compared to the normal control group. The treatment with methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica increased the expression of mRNA corresponding to StAR by 6.7 fold and 10.6 fold, respectively, whereas the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD increased by 5.7 fold and 7.3 fold, respectively. Moreover, fraction and extract treatment exhibited increased 3β-HSD activity in the testicular tissues and were found to elevate sperm concentration in seminal fluid. The spermatogenic potential was further ensured by histological observations. 2-benzoxazolinone was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction and identified using spectral studies. It showed the ability to increase the testosterone content in the TM3 Leydig cells.

Conclusions:
Methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica are able to increase the testicular testosterone in rats by elevating mRNA expression of StAR and 3β-HSD in testicular tissues, leading to increase the sperm concentration.
Autologous serum eye drops versus lacrimal gland injection of platelet-rich plasma for severe dry eye
Authors: Allam Ibrahim Y. 
Published: January 2022

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of autologous serum (AS) eye drops versus lacrimal gland injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of severe dry-eye disease (DED).

Setting and design
This is a prospective comparative interventional study that was carried out at Eye Tech Centre, Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods
The study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with severe DED. They were randomized into two groups: group A received lacrimal gland injection of PRP transcutaneously into the external one-third of the orbital rim at a depth of 4 mm to the superior area on days 0, 30, 60, and 90, while group B received AS eye drops five times daily for the duration of the study. Both groups received preservative-free artificial tears eye drops (hyaluronic acid) —three to five times daily for the study duration. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks after the first injection or the initiation of AS eye drops for the subjective changes in symptoms and in ocular surface parameters.

Results
The patients’ age ranged from 46 to 71 years (mean=56.0±8.2 years). Both groups showed a significant improvement of dry-eye symptoms (P<0.05) using the Ocular Surface Disease Index scoring with group B having more significant improvement of symptoms compared with group A patients after 3 months of follow-up (P<0.05). Schirmer's test I showed a statistically significant improvement in both groups over the follow-up period (P<0.05), with no statistically significant difference between the two groups after 3 months (P>0.05). The other ocular surface parameters, using the ocular surface analyzer, including the noninvasive tear breakup time, tear-meniscus height, and lipid-layer thickness, showed significant improvement in both groups (P<0.001), while the meibomian gland loss area showed no statistically significant change throughout the follow-up period, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups after 3 months (P>0.05).

Conclusions
Both AS and lacrimal gland injection of PRP proved the safety and efficacy in the treatment of severe DED and were comparable. More studies are needed to confirm these results.
Effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection at the time of phacoemulsification on the development of macular edema in diabetic patients with and without preoperative retinopathy
Authors: Elsadi Khaled Waleed , Dahab Ahmed Abdel Sattar , Eissa Iman Magdy , Fathy Adel , El Rakhawy Khaled 
Published: January 2022

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection at the time of phacoemulsification on the incidence of postoperative diabetic macular edema (DME) in diabetic patients without preexisting DME.

Patients and methods
The study included 40 diabetic patients with no preexisting DME who underwent phacoemulsification. They were divided into two groups: group A (controls) included 20 eyes in which phacoemulsification was performed without Bevacizumab injection and group B (Bevacizumab): included 20 eyes in which 1.25 mg Bevacizumab was injected at the conclusion of surgery. Macular optical coherence tomography and visual acuity were assessed at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively.

Results
The incidence of DME in the noninjected patients was 5, 20, and 30% at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months, respectively, compared with 0, 5, and 5% in the Bevacizumab injected patients. This difference in incidence was only statistically significant at 6 months (P=0.15 at 2 months and 0.04 at 6 months). On comparing the baseline central macular thickness in the control and Bevacizumab groups (229.4±26.8 and 230.8±26.7 μm, respectively) to the 6-month follow-up values (278.3±52.3 and 254.7±26.2 μm, respectively), a higher statistically significant difference was found in the control group (P=0.0001) versus the injected group (P=0.002) denoting more progression of DME in the control group.

Conclusion
Prophylactic intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab at the time of phacoemulsification is potentially effective in the midterm prevention of DME in cases with and without preoperative diabetic retinopathy.
Prognostic factors for over-correction and under-correction in basic intermittent exotropia surgery
Authors: Abdelaziz Sahar T.A. , Sabry Ahmed M. , Ibrahiem Mohamed F.K. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors for over-correction and under-correction following surgery for basic intermittent exotropia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective nonrandomized study that included 86 patients with basic intermittent exotropia who were candidates for surgery. Patients were subjected to full ophthalmic and orthoptic examination and A scan measurement. The surgical plan was binocular surgery, with a goal of five prism diopters of over-correction. With at least 12 months of follow-up, postoperative correction within 10 prism diopters was considered orthophoric.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 7.83±4.67 years, and 51% of the patients were females. The range of preoperative angle of deviation was 30–80 prism diopters (mean=50.12±12.99). Myopia ranged from −0.5 to −5.0 diopters (D), and hypermetropia ranged from +0.5 to +4.0 D. The axial length ranged from 18.37 to 25.49 mm (mean=22.42±0.95 mm). The success rate was 74.4% after 1 year of follow-up, whereas 11.6 and 14% were over-corrected and under-corrected, respectively. In the under-correction group, a preoperative large angle of deviation was the only statistically significant factor (P=0.02). In the over-correction group, the statistically significant factors were female sex (P=0.0001), myopia (P=0.001), longer axial length (P=0.04), large preoperative angle of deviation (P=0.005), and surgery involving greater than or equal to two muscles (P=0.003).

Conclusion
Large preoperative angle of deviation was the only risk factor for under-correction, whereas in over-correction, the risk factors were female sex, myopic refraction, longer ocular axial length, large preoperative angle of deviation, and surgery involving more than two muscles.
Assessment of the role of intranasal silicone-tube fixation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Alahmadawy Yomna A. , Abdelfattah Rana A. , Elessawy Kareem B. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intranasal lacrimal tube fixation compared with no fixation on postoperative lacrimal tube stability.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, comparative, interventional study that included 160 eyes of 133 children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Cases were randomly categorized into two groups: group A that included 80 eyes for whom intranasal fixation of lacrimal tube was performed and group B that included 80 eyes for whom lacrimal intubation without tube fixation was performed.

Results
Tube extrusion occurred in three (3.8%) eyes of group A compared with 14 (17.5%) eyes of group B after the first month of follow-up, a statistically significant difference (P=0.005). At the end of the sixth postoperative month, the tube was still present in 71 (88.75%) eyes in group A compared with 58 (72.5%) eyes in group B with a statistically significant difference (P=0.009). Loose tube occurred in five (6.25%) eyes of group A compared with 16 (20%) eyes of group B with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.018). Tubes were well tolerated in 68 (85%) eyes of group A and in 54 (67.5%) eyes of group B, a statistically significant difference (P=0.009). A positive correlation was detected between the looseness of the tube and tube tolerance (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Intranasal lacrimal tube fixation resulted in lowering of the rate of tube extrusion, especially in the first postoperative month.