bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk reduction and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: biological mechanisms of lycopene
Authors: Rejali Laila , Ozumerzifon Stephanie , Nayeri Hashem , Asgary Sedigheh 
Published: November 2022

Background and aims: The conservational effects of dietary interventions as advantageous instruments in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have gotten more attention in recent years. Numerous nutritional epidemiological studies have highlighted the ability of diets to decrease costly care and treatments as well as adverse side effects from standard treatments. Lycopene is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid that is present in tomatoes, processed tomato products, and different fruits like watermelon, autumn olive, gac, pink grapefruit, pink guava, papaya, sea buckthorn, and wolfberry. As one of the most powerful antioxidants among dietary tetraterpenoids, lycopene can also assist in lowering the risk of early death and extending life in patients with heart disease. By reducing the destructive effects of free radicals along with total and “bad” LDL cholesterol levels while increasing “good” HDL cholesterol, lycopene holds the power to reduce the risk factors of heart disease. Several studies have investigated a reduction of oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol levels following lycopene consumption which supports these claims and suggests the conceivable function of lycopene in the blockage of oxidative stress-associated CVD. A negative correlation between serum lycopene concentration and mortality of people with metabolic syndrome was found. Over 10 years, researchers observed a 39% decreased chance of premature death in individuals with the metabolic disease who had the highest blood concentrations of lycopene. Lycopene’s protective impacts are especially beneficial in those with low blood antioxidant levels or high levels of oxidative stress. This includes older adults, smokers, and diabetic individuals or other vascular disorders. Lycopene intake has been thought to reduce the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus.Lycopene acts as an antihypertensive agent by impeding the angiotensin-converting enzyme and improving the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possible mechanisms of lycopene in the prevention of CVD. Keywords: Lycopene, Risk factors of heart disease, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Cardio-metabolic, Insulin resistance
Aging, Culture, and Memory for Categorically Processed Information
Authors: Yang Lixia , Chen Wengfeng , Ng Andy H. , Fu Xiaolan 
Published: November 2022

<p><strong>Objectives</strong>. Literature on cross-cultural differences in cognition suggests that categorization, as an information processing and organization strategy, was more often used by Westerners than by East Asians, particularly for older adults. This study examines East-West cultural differences in memory for categorically processed items and sources in young and older Canadians and native Chinese with a conceptual source memory task (Experiment 1) and a reality monitoring task (Experiment 2). </p>
<p><strong>Method</strong>. In Experiment 1, participants encoded photographic faces of their own ethnicity that were artificially categorized into GOOD or EVIL characters and then completed a source memory task in which they identified faces as old-GOOD, old-EVIL, or new. In Experiment 2, participants viewed a series of words, each followed either by a corresponding image (i.e., SEEN) or by a blank square within which they imagined an image for the word (i.e., IMAGINED). At test, they decided whether the test words were old-SEEN, old-IMAGINED, or new. </p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>. In general, Canadians outperformed Chinese in memory for categorically processed information, an effect more pronounced for older than for young adults. </p>
<p><strong>Discussion</strong>. Extensive exercise of culturally preferred categorization strategy differentially benefits Canadians and reduces their age group differences in memory for categorically processed information. </p>
East-West cultural differences in encoding objects in imagined social contexts
Authors: Yang Lixia , Li Juan , Wilkinson Andrea , Spaniol Julia , Hasher Lynn 
Published: November 2022

<p>It has been shown in literature that East Asians are more inclined to process context information than individuals in Western cultures. Using a context memory task that requires studying object images in social contexts (i.e., rating objects in an imagined social or experiential scenario), our recent study revealed an age-invariant advantage for Chinese young and older participants compared to their Canadian counterparts in memory for encoding contexts. To examine whether this cultural difference also occurred during encoding, this follow-up report analyzed encoding performance and its relationship to subsequent memory based on the same data from the same task of the same sample. The results revealed that at encoding, Chinese participants provided higher ratings of objects, took longer to rate, and reported more vivid imagery of encoding contexts relative to their Canadian counterparts. Furthermore, only Chinese participants rated objects with recognized context at retrieval higher and slower relative to those with misrecognized context. For Chinese participants, primarily older adults, slower ratings were only related to better context memory but not item memory. Importantly, Chinese participants’ context memory advantage disappeared after controlling for encoding differences. Taken together, these results suggest that Chinese participants’ memory advantage for social contexts may have its origin in the construction of elaborative and meaningful object-context associations at encoding. </p>
Inhibition Plasticity in Older Adults: Practice and Transfer Effects Using a Multiple Task Approach
Authors: Yang Lixia , Wilkinson Andrea J. 
Published: November 2022

<p>Objective. To examine plasticity of inhibition, as indexed by practice effects of inhibition tasks and the associated transfer effects, using a multiple task approach in healthy older adults. </p>
<p>Method. Forty-eight healthy older adults were evenly assigned to either a practice group or a no-contact control group. All participants completed pretest (2.5 hours) and posttest (2 hours) sessions, with a 2-week interval in between. During the 2-week interval, only the practice group completed six 30-minute practice sessions (three sessions per week for two consecutive weeks) of three lab-based inhibition tasks. Results. All three inhibition tasks demonstrated significant improvement across practice sessions, suggesting practice-induced plasticity. The benefit, however, only transferred to near-near tasks. The results are inconclusive with regard to the near-far and far-far transfer effects. </p>
<p>Discussion. This study further extends literature on practice effects of inhibition in older adults by using a multiple task approach. Together with previous work, the current study suggests that older adults are able to improve inhibition performance through practice and transfer the practice gains to tasks that overlap in both target cognitive ability and task structure (i.e., near-near tasks). </p>
Friend or foe? Decoding the facilitative and disruptive effects of emotion on working memory in younger and older adults
Authors: Truong Linda , Yang Lixia 
Published: November 2022

<p>A growing body of work on emotion-cognition interactions has revealed both facilitative and disruptive effects of emotion on working memory in younger adults. These differing effects may vary by the goal relevancy of emotion within a task. Additionally, it is possible that these emotional effects would be larger for older adults, considering findings of preserved emotional processing with age. To test these hypotheses, the current study examined the effects of emotional content and aging on working memory for target information in the presence of distraction. Thirty-six younger (ages 18–29) and 36 older adults (ages 65–87) completed a delayed-response working memory task. Participants viewed two target words intermixed with two distracter words, and then judged whether a subsequently presented probe word was one of the target words. The emotional content (valence and arousal) of targets and distracters was systematically manipulated. Results indicated that emotional targets facilitated working memory in both age groups. In contrast, emotional distracters disrupted performance. Negative distracters were particularly disruptive for older adults, but younger adults did not show an emotional interference effect. These findings help clarify discrepancies in the literature and contribute to the sparse research on emotional working memory in older adults. </p>
Working Memory in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Verbal and Image-Based Worry and Relation to Cognitive and Emotional Processes
Authors: Tallon Kathleen , Koerner Naomi , Yang Lixia 
Published: November 2022

<p>Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry and is associated with cognitive and emotional difficulties including threat interpretation bias (IB). Worry, especially in a verbal mode, has been shown to cause a temporary restriction in working memory (WM). This study examined the effects of verbal and image-based worry on WM, whether the effect of worry on WM accounts for IB in persons with GAD, and the degree to which WM correlates with cognitive and emotional processes associated with GAD. At baseline, participants (N = 32) with GAD completed questionnaires assessing worry, and related processes, and WM and IB tasks. Participants were then trained to worry in verbal or imagery form, per Leigh and Hirsch (2011), and completed WM and IB tasks a second time. At baseline, in the absence of induced worry, lower WM was related to greater emotion dysregulation, intolerance of uncertainty, negative problem orientation, and lower attentional control. Induced worry, regardless of the form, did not significantly affect WM or IB. </p>
Meropenem Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Causing Neonatal Sepsis in Special Care Neonatal Unit of Chattogram Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mamtaz Syeda Shahnoor Hasina , Chowdhury Abu Hena Md Saiful Karim 
Published: November 2022

Background: Neonatal sepsis is recognized as an important public health problem with a high morbidity and mortality, mostly occurring in developing countries. Treatment of neonatal sepsis has become a challenge with the emergence of carbapenemase producing bacteria. The study was done to evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates against meropenem causing neonatal sepsis. Materials and methods: A total of 100 clinically suspected neonatal sepsis cases was enrolled in the study. Bacteriological profile and meropenem sensitivity pattern was done. Results: Among the 100 suspected neonatal sepsis cases, 28% were culture positive and 72% were culture negative. Klebsiella species was the predominant isolated bacteria. Searching meropenem sensitivity pattern, 42.31% bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive and 57.69% were resistant to meropenem. Klebsiella spp. showed 40.00% sensitive to meropenem, whereas Acinetobacter spp. 25.00%, E. coli 66.67%, Staph. aureus 50.00% & Pseudomonas spp. 50.00% sensitive. Conclusion: Meropenem is the drug of choice for serious infections but bacterial resistance against it is increasing day by day.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (1) : 43-46
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Pregnancy: A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Karim Razaul , Hossain Amir , Khanom Mehrunnissa , Islam Mohammad Kamrul 
Published: November 2022

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) results from increased red cell destruction due to red cell autoantibodies. Pregnancy associated AIHA is a very rare condition with unexplained entity, but can be dangerous for both fetus and mother. A case of multipara lady who developed haemolyticanamia during pregnancy, with a wide range of differential diagnosis. She was responded well to moderate dose of steroid with good feto-maternal outcome. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in pregnancy has rarely been reported in literature, which deserve its presentation.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (1) : 61-63
ANALISIS TINGKAT KOGNITIF SOAL PADA BUKU PENDAMPING MATEMATIKA MATERI SPLDV KELAS VIII BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI
Authors: Inayah Clara Fadhilah , Siagian Teddy Alfra , Irsal Nur Aliyyah 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran tingkat kognitif soal pada buku Pendamping Matematika SMP kelas VIII Terbitan Erlangga materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom Revisi. Taksnomi Bloom Revisi yang digunakan, yaitu dimensi proses kognitif yang meliputi: mengingat (C1), memahami (C2), mengaplikasikan (C3), menganalisis (C4), mengevaluasi (C5), dan mencipta (C6). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatitf. Sumber data penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah soal pilihan ganda dan soal esai materi SPLDV pada buku pendamping matematika kelas VIII. Soal-soal pilihan ganda dan esai yang dianalisis berjumlah 110 soal dengan tingkat kognitif mengenali (C1) sebanyak 2 soal (1,81%), mengaplikasikan (C3) sebanyak 99 soal ( 90%), menganalisis (C4) sebanyak 9 soal (8,18%) serta tidak adanya tingkat kognitif memahami (C2), mengevaluasi (C5) dan mencipta (C6). Soal pilihan ganda dan esai pada SLPDV ini mendominasi pada tingkat kognitif mengaplikasikan (C3). Sehingga, didapat bahwa sebaran tingkat kognitif soal pilihan ganda dan soal esai materi SPLDV belum proporsional.
Behavioral and transcriptomic changes in butenolide treated larvae of the cosmopolitan fouling bryozoan Bugulina (Bugula) neritina
Authors: Liang Jin-You , Cheng Yi-Fan , Huang Xiao-Lin , Xu Ying , Wong Yue Him , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2022

The arborescent bryozoanBugulina neritinais a cosmopolitan fouling species in sub-tropical to sub-temperate waters. The butenolide compound 5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one (hereafter named butenolide) reportedly inhibits larval settlement ofB. neritina, but its effect on the larval behavioral and transcriptomic responses remained unclear. We report that 10 μg mL-1or higher concentration of butenolide and/or prolonged treatment (10 h or longer) resulted in significant increase in larval mortality and prominent spiral larval swimming behavior. The transcriptomic analyses not only revealed up-regulation of typical stress-related protein genes in response to 10 mg mL-1butenolide treatment, but also indicated up-regulation ofmucin, synaptic genes and nitric oxide signaling genes. In addition, the expression of developmental genes and lipid biosynthesis genes were also affected. Overall, our larval behavior and transcriptome analyses reflected the impact of butenolide on the metabolism, neuronal and molecular signaling inB. neritinalarvae.
Sex-disaggregated population analysis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Sabat Robert , Tsaousi Athanasia , Ghoreschi Kamran , Wolk Kerstin , Schneider-Burrus Sylke 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which affects both sexes.ObjectivesIdentification of sex-specific risk factors, comorbidity, clinical manifestations, and treatments in HS patients.MethodsA non-interventional, cross-sectional, mono-centric study with 500 HS patients. All patients were examined by dermatologists. Prospectively collected demographic, anamnestic, clinical data, and blood parameters were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age at HS onset and in disease duration between female and male patients. Furthermore, no differences regarding the family history for HS were found between sexes. Regarding further risk factors for HS, central obesity was more frequent in women while extensive cigarette smoking and acne vulgaris were more commonly found among male patients. Regarding comorbidity, lower HDL-levels were significantly more frequent in men. Female patients were found to suffer significantly more often from back pain, especially in the neck/shoulder region and lower back. Analyzing the clinical manifestation of HS, the groin was more frequently involved in women and the axillae in men. Women showed a higher number of skin sites with inflammatory nodules, whereas fistulas were observed more frequently in men. Nevertheless, there was no difference in HS treatment applied to female vs. male patients.LimitationsData were obtained from a mono-centric study.ConclusionSignificant differences in HS risk factors, comorbidity, and clinical manifestation exist between female and male patients. Thus, sex-specific differences should be taken into account in the prevention as well as medical and surgical treatment of HS patients.
Validation of a five-level triage system in pediatric trauma and the effectiveness of triage nurse modification: A multi-center cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Tien-Tien , Cheng Chi-Tung , Hsu Chih-Po , Chaou Chung-Hsien , Ng Chip-Jin , Jeng Mei-Jy , Chang Yu-Che 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionTriage is one of the most important tasks for nurses in a modern emergency department (ED) and it plays a critical role in pediatric trauma. An appropriate triage system can improve patient outcomes and decrease resource wasting. However, triage systems for pediatric trauma have not been validated worldwide. To ensure clinical reliability, nurses are allowed to override the acuity level at the end of the routine triage process. This study aimed to validate the Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS) for pediatric trauma and evaluate the effectiveness of triage nurse modification.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzing triage data of all pediatric trauma patients who visited six EDs across Taiwan from 2015 to 2019. Each patient was triaged by a well-trained nurse and assigned an acuity level. Triage nurses can modify their acuity based on their professional judgment. The primary outcome was the predictive performance of TTAS for pediatric trauma, including hospitalization, ED length of stay, emergency surgery, and costs. The secondary outcome was the accuracy of nurse modification and the contributing factors. Multivariate regression was used for data analysis. The Akaike information criterion and C-statistics were utilized to measure the prediction performance of TTAS.ResultsIn total, 45,364 pediatric patients were included in this study. Overall mortality, hospitalization, and emergency surgery rates were 0.17, 5.4, and 0.76%, respectively. In almost all cases (97.48%), the triage nurses agreed upon the original scale. All major outcomes showed a significant positive correlation with the upgrade of acuity levels in TTAS in pediatric trauma patients. After nurse modification, the Akaike information criterion decreased and C-statistics increased, indicating better prediction performance. The factors contributing to this modification were being under 6 years of age, heart rate, respiratory rate, and primary location of injuries.ConclusionThe TTAS is a reliable triage tool for pediatric trauma patients. Modification by well-experienced triage nurses can enhance its prediction performance. Younger age, heart rate, respiratory rate, and primary location of injuries contributed to modifications of the triage nurse. Further external validation is required to determine its role in pediatric trauma worldwide.
Acinetobacter baumannii complex-caused bloodstream infection in ICU during a 12-year period: Predicting fulminant sepsis by interpretable machine learning
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Xiaojun , Zheng Xia 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcinetobacter baumannii complex-caused bloodstream infection (ABCBSI) is a potentially fatal infection in intensive care units (ICUs). This study proposed an interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict ABCBSI fulminant fatality.MethodsA retrospective study of ICU patients with ABCBSI was performed in China from 2009 to 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups: those that suffered from fulminant sepsis and died within 48 h, and those that survived for more than 48 h. The clinical score systems and ML models with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) were used to develop the prediction models. The ML model was internally validated with five-fold cross-validation, and its performance was assessed using seven typical evaluation indices. The top 20 features ranked by the SHAP scores were also calculated.ResultsAmong 188 ICU patients with ABCBSI, 53 were assigned to the non-survival group and 135 to the survival group. The XGBoost model exhibited the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), which outperformed other models (logistic regression, AUC = 0.914; support vector machine, AUC = 0.895; random forest, AUC = 0.972; and naive Bayesian, AUC = 0.908) and clinical scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), AUC = 0.855; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), AUC = 0.837). It also had a sensitivity of 0.868, a specificity of 0.970, an accuracy of 0.941, a positive predictive value of 0.920, a negative predictive value of 0.949, and an F1 score of 0.893. As well as identifying the top 12 different important predictors that contribute to early mortality, it also assessed their quantitative contribution and noteworthy thresholds.ConclusionBased on the XGBoost model, early mortality in ABCBSI is estimated to be more reliable than other models and clinical scores. The 12 most important features with corresponding thresholds were identified and more importantly, the SHAP method can be used to interpret this predictive model and support individual patient treatment strategies.
Therapeutic effect and safety of individualized chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy based on BRCA1 mRNA expression level in unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Du Juan , Zhu Linxi , Sha Huizi , Zou Zhengyun , Shen Jie , Kong Weiwei , Zhao Lianjun , Gu Qing , Yu Lixia , Qiu Yudong , Liu Baorui 
Published: November 2022

AimWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of individualized chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy based on BRCA1 mRNA expression in unresectable pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe expression of BRCA1 mRNA in tumor tissues of 25 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected in this retrospective study. Patients in the medium and high expression groups were treated with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy: albumin paclitaxel 125mg/m2, gemcitabine 1g/m2, day 1. Patients in the low expression group were treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: oxaliplatin 85mg/m2, gemcitabine 1g/m2, day 1. Sequential GM-CSF and IL-2 immunotherapy were applied. Patient condition, treatment efficacy and safety were assessed every 4 cycles.ResultsA total of 25 patients were enrolled in the study. All of them were observed for toxic side effects and 24 of them were evaluated for efficacy. The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 11.9 months and 6.3 months. The disease control rate was 91.7%, of which 37.5% (9/24) patients achieved partial remission (PR), 54.2% (13/24) patients achieved stable disease (SD) and 8.3% (2/24) patients were assessed as progressive disease(PD). Of the 15 patients with medium or high expression in BRCA1 mRNA, 7 achieved PR and 8 achieved SD. Of the 9 patients with low BRCA1 mRNA expression, 2 achieved PR, 5 achieved SD and 2 had PD. The proportion of eosinophils in the blood of some patients with good therapeutic effects was significantly higher than that before treatment. Hematological and non-hematological toxicity during the treatment were mostly grade 1~2. The two most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were fever and thrombocytopenia.ConclusionOur results suggest that individualized selection of chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy according to BRCA1 mRNA expression level in unresectable pancreatic cancer could control the disease and have controllable adverse reactions.