bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Learning and Optimization for Multi-Product Pricing (and Ranking) Under a General Cascade Click Model
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Jasin Stefanus , Najafi Sajjad , Zhang Huanan 
Published: January 2022

We consider joint learning and optimization problems under a general Cascade Click model. Under this model, customers examine the products in a decreasing order of display, from the top to (potentially) the bottom of the list. At each step, customers can decide to either purchase the current product, forego the current product and continue examining the next product, or simply terminate the search without purchasing any product. We first consider the core pricing problem, where the display position (ranking) of each product is fixed and the only decision that the firm needs to make is pricing. We then consider an extension to the problem of joint ranking and pricing in the presence of filtering options, which the customers can use to filter out some undesirable products. For both problems, we develop Upper Confidence Bound (UCB)-based joint learning and optimization algorithms with theoretical performance guarantees. The key challenge here is in constructing a UCB algorithm that exploits the structure of the Cascade Click model while at the same time taking into account all of the historical click and purchase information. Our numerical results yield three key insights. First, naively applying a standard black box UCB algorithm without adapting it to the Cascade structure is very inefficient and results in a huge loss in total revenues during a finite horizon. Second, applying a learning algorithm by assuming a mis-specified model that ignores the Cascade behavior may result in a highly suboptimal solution. Third, jointly optimizing ranking and pricing can significantly improve performance. Thus, although in practice these decisions are sometimes made separately due to organizational structure, our results suggest that a significant benefit can be realized when the two decisions are more closely coordinated. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, big data analytics.
PVA/Tween 20 thin-film-based fiber optic humidity sensor with enhanced sensing performance
Authors: Zhao Ziming , Lai Min , Yang Yang , Li Jinze , Song Huatang , He Jixiang , Zhang Hengheng , Mao Yaya , Ma Yan , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2022

A fiber optic humidity sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Tween 20 film has been fabricated by modulating the intensity of light transmitted in optical fiber. PVA/Tween 20 film was used as the cladding and humidity-sensitive material of optical fiber. The logarithmic of output light intensity exhibited a linear increase with the increase of humidity (22%–82%RH). With the addition of Tween 20 in the formation of film, average sensitivity increased by 13-fold. Fast equilibrium on adsorption and desorption of water molecules were also achieved on the film. The response and recovery times were determined to be 11 s and 9 s, respectively. Moreover, the sensor possesses good repeatability. The sensing mechanism was probably based on the swelling of PVA after adsorbing water molecules, which affected scattering of evanescent waves in the cladding. The output light intensity varied with the decay of evanescent waves.
Coaching mit neuer transaktionsanalytischer Theorie
Authors: Mohr Günther 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungTransaktionsanalyse hat sich in ihren 70 Jahren Praxis und Theorieentwicklung zu einer sehr erprobten, integrativen, offenen Beratungstheorie entwickelt. Der Artikel zeigt wesentliche Aspekte transaktionsanalytischer Haltung und transaktionsanalytischer Vorgehensweise auf. Insbesondere ist die beziehungsorientierte Metatheorie dabei von großer Bedeutung. Auf die Strukturierung der Einzeltheorien der Transaktionsanalyse zu Menschenbild, Persönlichkeit, Beziehung und Kommunikation, Entwicklung und Veränderung, Wirklichkeit und Kontextbezug sowie Professionsmethoden zeigt ein durchaus komplexes Praxisbeispiel die Vielfalt des Interventionsspektrums auf.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for tuberculosis among people living with HIV in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Nilaramba , Bhattarai Ratna Bahadur , Basnet Rajendra , Joshi Lok Raj , Tinkari Bhim Singh , Thapa Anil , Joshi Basant 
Published: January 2022

Background
Worldwide tuberculosis (TB) takes more lives than any other infectious diseases. WHO estimates around 68,000 incident TB cases in Nepal. However, in 2018 only around 27,232 new TB cases were reported in the national system, resulting around 40,768 incident TB cases missing every year in Nepal. National Tuberculosis Control Center carried out this study in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) sites to estimate the prevalence of TB and identify the associated risk factors for TB among the people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIVs) in Nepal.

Methods
It was a cross-sectional institution-based study conducted between March and August 2018. Six ART sites with high caseloads of PLHIVs were selected. PLHIVs who were equal or above 18 years of age and were in ART program at the selected study sites were considered eligible for the study. Diagnosis of tuberculosis among PLHIVs who agreed to participate in the study was carried out as per the National Tuberculosis Management Guideline of National Tuberculosis Program of Nepal.

Results
Among 403 PLHIVs, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 40 (9.9%) individuals. Median age of the participants was 36 (30–43) years. Prevalence of TB was significantly higher among male PLHIVs than female PLHIVs (13.6% Vs 5.8%; P = 0.02) and Dalit ethnic group compared to Brahmin/Chettri (22.0%Vs5.9%, P = 0.01). The risk of developing TB was found significant among those with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 (OR = 4.85, P<0.001) and with the family history of TB (OR = 4.50, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Prevalence of TB among PLHIVs in Nepal was found 9.9%. Risk of developing TB was higher among PLHIVs who were male, Dalit, with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 and with family history of TB. Hence, targeted interventions are needed to prevent the risk of developing TB among PLHIVs. Similarly, integrated, and comprehensive TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment services are needed for the management of TB/HIV co-infection in Nepal.
Prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Muhdin , Oumer Rewda , Mohammed Fatuma , Walle Fantahun , Mosa Hassen , Ahmed Ritbano , Eanga Shamill 
Published: January 2022

Background
Induction of labor is one of the most used obstetric procedures in the world. It is performed in around 20% of all pregnancies. Failed induction of labor, on the other hand, has been associated with poorer mother and newborn health outcomes. Besides, there is a scarcity of data on the current burden and drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on medical records of mothers who delivered through induction of labor during September 1st, 2018 to August 30th, 2020. The samples were collected using a systematic sampling technique. The data was extracted using a checklist. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (version 24). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to decide the association of explanatory variables with the outcome variable. Odds ratio with their 95% CI were calculated to identify the presence and strength of an association. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Results
In this study, the prevalence of failed induction was observed to be 22.2%. The associated factors included rural residence (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 3.12–11.02), primiparity (AOR = 8.4, 95% CI: 2.72–22.36) and unfavourable bishop score (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 4.52–16.12).

Conclusions
In comparison to the rate reported in developed countries, the study area had a high rate of failed induction. Being rural residence, primiparity and unfavourable bishop score were the associated factors of failed induction. Therefore, to reduce of the rate of failed induction, health care practitioners should analyze cervical status (using Bishop Score) to decide the possibility of successful induction, with a focus on associated factors like parity.
The Influence of Teachers’ Expectation and Principal’s Supportive Supervision on Teachers’ Performance
Authors: Akbar Rofiq Faudy 
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to explain the teachers’ expectations and the principal’s supportive supervision on the teachers’ performance. It was also to reveal the mediation of supportive supervision variables between job expectation and teachers’ performance. The respondents included the private madrasa teachers in Kudus, Demak, and Jepara. The research produced several findings. First, madrasa teachers have an expectation regarding their job. The indicators included expectations for career opportunities (becoming a permanent employee/obtaining a permanent position, certification) and that madrasa will take some efforts to increase their well-being. Second, according to the teachers, the principal's supportive supervision included listening to the subordinates’ problems, motivating the subordinates, and providing positive feedback. Third, the measurement results indicated that expectation and supportive supervision influenced the teachers’ performance by 30%. Meanwhile, the rest 70% was by other variables outside the model used in the research. Fourth, the expectation has a significant effect on teacher performance through supervision support variables in the t-statistic 2.732 with a significance of 5%. The supportive supervision variable can mediate the relationship between expectation and teacher performance expectation significantly affected the teachers’ performance through supportive supervision with t-statistics score of 2,732 and 5% significance. Supportive supervision mediated the relation between expectation and teachers’ performance.
Cost Allocation and Cash Flow Issue in Shipbroking Companies: A Case Study of a Turkish Shipbroking Company
Authors: Danisman Murat , Akkartal Erkut 
Published: January 2022

Purpose – The ship-broking companies are one of the key players of maritime transport and they need adequate financial control both on cost and income sides to provide sustainable service. The personnel costs need to be allocated properly within the scope of work. As it is their only income, commission collecting time is also needed to be predicted accurately together with related personnel cost. This article aims to introduce a methodology to construct the most accurate model predicting the duration of the operation and the income to guide the financial department of ship-broking companies and the same model can serve the other key players of maritime transport in the same way. Moreover, it may encourage other researchers to work on a similar purpose from the other perspectives in different sectors.
Design / Methodology / Approach – In this research, 95 fixtures of a moderate Turkish ship-broking company are analysed. The data covers the fixtures concluded between January.2020 and December.2020. The model is constructed as per result of regression analyse and a simple validation is applied to check the reliability of the model.
Findings – The research predicted that the duration of operation is dependent on the independent variables of sea voyage duration and ports stay whereas the duration of income is dependent on the independent variable port stays only. Validation results also support the reliability of the models.
Result and Discussion – The research shows that for a shipbroking company duration of work and income can be predicted with a significant model. The model will provide a tool to the finance department to allocate the cost of employees involved during the operation in a more precise manner and also to organise the most accurate cash flow. But, it should be considered that the operation duration may exceed in some circumstances and the duration of collection of incomes can be varied as per company strategy. The model should be adjusted by each finance department within the working environment and strategy of the company.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of CVT rubber belt vibrations
Authors: Kot Adam , Łatas Waldemar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article contains the results of experimental tests of vibrations of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) belt transmission driven by a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The measurements were made with the use of a high-speed camera, which allowed to obtain results impossible to obtain with other measurement methods. The nonlinear integro-partial differential equation of vibrations of the moving belt is given. Based on a simplified linear equation, the observed effects on the amplitude–frequency characteristics obtained from the measurements are explained. An approximate formula is given that allows for determining the transmission belt velocities for which resonances occur.
Process optimization and CFD simulation in external loop airlift reactor and sectionalized external loop airlift for application of wastewater treatment
Authors: Teli Shivanand M. , Mathpati Channamallikarjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The industrial wastewater treatment is carried out in an external loop airlift reactor (EL-ALR) and sectionalized EL-ALR. The airflow rate is optimized in EL-ALR and sectionalized EL-ALR for better degradation of wastewater. The 74% degradation is obtained in sectionalized EL-ALR as compared to EL-ALR for continuous aeration up to 32 h. For higher superficial gas velocity (U

G
) percentage degradation is decreased due to shear stress on microorganisms. The extent of degradation is obtained 77 and 80% for the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and combination of H2O2 and Fenton reagent in an EL-ALR. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation validated with experimental results of gas hold-up and liquid circulation velocity compared in EL-ALR sectionalized EL-ALR over a broad range of superficial gas velocity 0.0024 ≤ U

G
≤ 0.016 m/s. The comparison of CFD and experimental values of gas hold-up and liquid circulation velocity are in good agreement.
Abwanderung, Widerspruch und Camouflage. Reaktionen auf demokratischen Leistungsabfall
Authors: Frey Bruno S. 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Albert O. Hirschmans Unterscheidung von „Abwanderung und Widerspruch“ als Antwort auf den Leistungsabfall von Staaten hat grosse Aufmerksamkeit gefunden. Es gibt jedoch eine dritte Antwort, nämlich Camouflage, Stillhalten als Tarnung, bis sich die Bedingungen verbessern. Diese Strategie wird häufig praktiziert, weil ihr Nutzen oft in einem günstigen Verhältnis zu den entstehenden Kosten steht. Die Kosten sind im Fall des Ausstiegs oder des Widerspruches oft hoch. Deshalb tarnt sich eine große Mehrheit der Bürgerinnen und Bürger, wenn sie mit den Ansichten und der Politik eines Regimes nicht einverstanden ist. Sie wartet, bis das unterdrückerische Regime zerbröckelt ist, um im richtigen Moment umso stärker aktiv werden zu können. Camouflage findet auch in privaten Unternehmungen, öffentlichen Einrichtungen und in der Wissenschaft statt. Nutzen und Kosten der drei Reaktionen – Abwanderung, Widerspruch und Camouflage – unterscheiden sich stark voneinander.
Corpus linguistic and experimental studies on the meaning-preserving hypothesis in Indonesian voice alternations
Authors: Rajeg I Made , Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya , Arka I Wayan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One essential feature of voice alternation is that active and passive clauses centred around a given verb express the same meaning: the “meaning-preserving” hypothesis. One effect of the alternation is the different linking of grammatical relations and semantic roles, which affects the identity of the subject. This paper investigates the meaning-preserving hypothesis in voice alternation in Indonesian from a quantitative usage-based perspective by combining corpus-based data with sentence-production experiment data. It analysed Indonesian caused forward/backward motion verbs and the distribution of their (non-)metaphoric senses in active and passive. The findings demonstrate the frequency effects and sense-sensitivity of voice alternation, such that a given voice type of a verb is strongly associated with certain senses. This finding provides initial support for a previous study on voice alternation in an Austronesian language, predicting that the verb’s semantic properties may condition the statistical bias of the verb towards a particular voice. Some convergence between experimental and corpus findings indicates that participants demonstrate some representation of the strong association between a given voice form of the verb and the sense predominantly expressed in that form, highlighting the notion of item-specific representations of linguistic knowledge as found in construction grammar.
The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(2,4-dinitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethane ─ acetone (1/1), C11H12N8O9
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Bingheng , Yuan Jun , Cao Duanlin , Wang Jianlong , Chen Lizhen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C11H12N8O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.2565(11) Å, b = 16.629(2) Å, c = 11.2944(13) Å, β = 108.945(4)°, V = 1644.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0528, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1427, T = 170.0 K.
Battle of Kircholm (Salaspils) in 1605. The current state of research
Authors: Balcerek Mariusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background: The article aims to present the state of research on the Battle of Kircholm (Salaspils), which took place in Livonia (now Latvia) on September 27, 1605., between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. 74% of Swedes were killed, and the winners lost only 3% of their forces. It was an absolute massacre carried out by an army consisting in two-thirds of cavalry against an enemy with an advantage in infantry and artillery, which in theory is more modern.

Methodology: The author has analyzed the known and unknown historiography of sources, including archaeological, epistolary, historiographic, iconographic, narrative, and normative materials. He compared the results with previous literature on the subject.

Principal Findings/Results: The analysis conducted showed a brilliant tactic by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s army, consisting of combining cavalry with infantry. This, along with many errors in command of the Swedish army, led to the downfall of the Scandinavians.

Conclusions/Significances: The success at Kircholm saved the Polish-Lithuanian rule over the Daugava River. Unfortunately, it cemented Polish-Lithuanian nobility in the mistaken belief about the power of the army of the Republic, that without money and reforms, they began to lose advantage over opponents.
Weighted Empirical and Euclidean Likelihood Covariate Adjustment
Authors: Luta George , Giurcanu Mihai , Amris Kirstine , Koch Gary G , Sen Pranab K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Covariate adjustment is often used in statistical analysis of randomized experiments to increase efficiency of estimators of treatment effects. In this paper, we study covariate adjustment based on the empirical and Euclidean likelihoods, and propose weighted versions that arise as natural alternatives. The weighted methods incorporate the auxiliary information that the covariates have equal means among the treatment groups due to randomization. We show that the empirical and the Euclidean likelihoods and their weighted versions are first order equivalent to Koch’s nonparametric covariance adjustment. Allowing the weights to be negative, the resulting pseudo Euclidean likelihood is equivalent to Koch’s method, and its weighted version can be viewed as a weighted version of Koch’s method. In a simulation study, we assess the finite sample properties of the proposed methods. The analysis of a clinical trial data set illustrates an application of these methods to a practical situation.
Hydrological and Strength Characteristics of Pervious Concrete Mixes Containing RAP Aggregates and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Authors: Sahdeo Surya Kant , Ransinchung R. N. G. D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pervious concrete (PC) is a new type of concrete that is gaining popularity because of its low-impact development capabilities and ability to reduce stormwater runoff. The current study focuses on the potential use of waste from the sugarcane industry and on flexible pavement, specifically sugarcane bagasse ash (SBGA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), to create PC mixes. Furthermore, an unconventional method was used to extract the benefits of RAP without compromising the structural integrity of PC: designing the mixture based on hydrological properties rather than mechanical parameters and then improving structural integrity through the use of SBGA without compromising the hydrological capacity of the designed PC mixture. Six PC mix combinations were developed by substituting recycled asphalt pavement for natural coarse aggregate in varying proportions of 0, 50, and 100 %. Following that, three RAP-incorporated PC mixes were created using 5, 10, and 15 % SBGA as a partial replacement for cement. It was discovered that using SBGA as a partial replacement for cement reduces mechanical properties while increasing functional properties such as permeability. Surprisingly, no significant differences were observed in the percentage voids of PC mixes containing RAP aggregates. The addition of 10 % SBGA significantly improves the mechanical properties of 100 % coarse RAP (cRAP)-inclusive PC mixes. When the total cost of 1 m3 concrete was calculated, the addition of cRAP aggregates and SBGA in pervious concrete pavements mixes resulted in a 44 % reduction. Furthermore, the current study suggests replacing 10 % of ordinary Portland cement with SBGA in cRAP inclusive PC mixes, as this increases the strength of cRAP–PC mixes while also providing environmental and economic benefits.
A puha (soft) és a kemény (hard) készségek munkaerőpiaci szükségessége
Authors: Horváth-Csikós Gabriella , Juhász Tímea 
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. Jelen tanulmány célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a
jelenlegi munkaerőpiacon a puha (soft) vagy a kemény (hard) készségek jelennek
meg erősebb elvárásként a munkavállalók szerint. A kutatás eredménye rámutatott
arra, hogy egyes puha készségek (például a rugalmasság, kommunikáció,
csapatmunka) erősebb elvárásként vannak jelen a munkaerőpiacon, mint az olyan
kemény készégek, mint például a szakmai ismeret. Az eredmények azt is mutatják,
hogy a puha és a kemény készségekkel szembeni elvárások kevésbé függnek össze,
vagyis a munkavállalók szerint a munkáltatók nem rendszerszintű, egymással
szorosan kapcsolatban álló készségekként értékelik ezeket. Eredményeink arra is
rámutatnak, hogy a puha és kemény készségek önbevalláson alapuló szintje erősen
összefügg a válaszadó nemével, életkorával és iskolai végzettségével.
Summary. The aim of the present study is to examine whether soft or
hard skills are seen as the strongest requirement in the current labour market.
The results of the research showed that some soft skills (e.g. flexibility,
communication, teamwork) are almost more strongly expected than hard skills
(e.g. professional knowledge). These results basically indicate that
expectations of soft and hard skills are less interrelated and that employees
perceive employers as valuing these skills as non-systemic, closely related
skills. Our results also show that self-reported levels of soft and hard skills
are strongly correlated with gender, age and educational attainment of the
respondent.