bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis prevalence in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease ‐ PPCC: A case–control study
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Burisch Johan , Pandis Nikolaos , Bruckmann Corinna , Klinge Björn , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this questionnaire‐based case–control study was to assess whether self‐reported oral health and periodontitis in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) differ from those in matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Materials and MethodsA survey including questions on general anamnestic information, IBD diagnosis, and oral health was distributed online. Self‐perceived overall health of teeth and gums, severe periodontitis, and tooth loss were defined as outcome parameters.ResultsAnalyses were based on answers from 1108 patients with IBD and 3429 controls. Patients with IBD reported significantly worse oral health and more periodontal problems compared to controls. Regression analyses corrected for relevant confounders showed significantly increased odds for fair or poor self‐perceived overall health of teeth and gums (odds ratio [OR] 2.147 and 2.736, respectively) and for severe periodontitis (OR 1.739 and 2.574, respectively) for patients with UC and CD compared to controls; patients with CD presented additionally 91% higher odds for having <20 remaining teeth.ConclusionPatients with UC and CD have significantly increased odds for worse self‐perceived oral health and severe periodontitis compared to controls, with the former being more severely affected and losing more teeth. It is strongly recommended that patients with IBD are kept under close surveillance to prevent periodontitis development and/or mitigate its progression.
Polygenic scores for schizophrenia and major depression are associated with psychosocial risk factors in children: evidence of gene–environment correlation
Authors: Machlitt‐Northen Sandra , Keers Robert , Munroe Patricia B. , Howard David M. , Trubetskoy Vassily , Pluess Michael 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWhilst genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been established, it is unclear whether exposure to environmental risk factors is genetically confounded by passive, evocative or active gene–environment correlation (rGE).Study ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate: (a) whether the genetic risk for SCZ/MDD in children is correlated with established environmental and psychosocial risk factors in two British community samples, the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), (b) whether these associations vary between both psychopathologies, and (c) whether findings differ across the two cohorts which were born 42 years apart.MethodsPolygenic risk scores (PRS) from existing large genome‐wide associations studies (GWAS) were applied to test the correlation between the child genetic risk for SCZ/MDD and known environmental risk factors. In addition, parental and child genetic data from MCS were used to distinguish between passive and evocative rGE.ResultsThe child polygenic risk for SCZ and MDD was correlated with single parenthood in MCS. Moreover, the lack of father's involvement in child care was associated with the genetic risk for SCZ in NCDS. However, we also found associations between several indicators of low socioeconomic status and heightened genetic risk for MDD in children in both cohorts. Further, the genetic risk for MDD was associated with parental lack of interest in the child's education in NCDS as well as more maternal smoking and less maternal alcohol consumption during childhood in MCS. According to sensitivity analyses in MCS (controlling for parental genotype), more than half of our significant correlations reflected passive rGE.ConclusionsFindings suggest that several established environmental and psychosocial risk factors for SCZ and MDD are at least partially associated with children's genetic risk for these psychiatric disorders.
First record of biofluorescence in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a commercially farmed cleaner fish
Authors: Juhasz‐Dora Thomas , Teague Jonathan , Doyle Thomas K. , Maguire Julie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study is the first known observation of biofluorescence in the lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Individual lumpfish were illuminated with blue excitation lighting for photography with both hyperspectral and filtered multispectral cameras. All photographed juvenile lumpfish (n = 11) exhibited green biofluorescence. Light emissions were characterised with two peaks observed at 545 and 613 nm, with the greatest intensity along the tubercles of the high crest and the three longitudinal ridges. Further research on the dynamics of biofluorescence through the lifecycle of this species is required.
Organic acids as an alternative method to control Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis and Listeria monocytogenes in pork jowl fat
Authors: Tomalok Carina de Castro Gabriel , Wlodarkievicz Maria Eduarda , Puton Bruna Maria Saorin , Colet Rosicler , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Clarice , Backes Geciane Toniazzo , Cansian Rogério Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing incidence of foodborne illnesses worldwide has become an economic and public health problem. In order to reduce the risks associated with food safety, the Normative Instruction n° 79, 2018, modified the inspection of jowl in pork slaughterhouses in Brazil and requires the submission to validated treatments such as heat or other methods approved. Therefore, the present study evaluated the behavior of Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) serotype Choleraesuis and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) inoculated in fresh pork jowl fat treated with different concentrations of organic acids (lactic, acetic, citric, ascorbic, and glycolic) during different times (1, 5, and 10 min) to meet the Normative Instruction. The lactic, acetic and glycolic acids had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.08; 0.08 and 0.11; 0.09 and 0.13%, respectively) for both bacteria evaluated. The susceptibility results showed that the increasing exposure time reduced the acid concentration used to inhibit the growth of both bacteria previously inoculated. A great efficiency was observed for lactic acid, with reductions of 1.25 Log10 CFU/g using concentrations of 1.06% on S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis and reduction of 1.23 Log10 CFU/g using 0.64% on L. monocytogenes, with 10 min exposure. Acetic and glycolic acids also presented satisfactory microbial reductions with similar results (1.0 and 0.98 Log10 CFU/g for S. enterica, and 0.85 and 0.87 Log10 CFU/g for L. monocytogenes, respectively). It was concluded that the organic acids (lactic, acetic, and glycolic) have potential for industrial use in microbiological control of pork jowl fat.
Whole exome sequencing and transcript analysis discover a novel pathogenic splice site mutation in DCAF17 gene underlying Woodhouse‐Sakati syndrome.
Authors: Kumari Riyanka , Holla Vikram V. , Phulpagar Prashant , Sriram Neeharika , Hegde Aditya G. , Vengalil Seena , Kamble Nitish , Saini Jitender , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar , Muthusamy Babylakshmi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWoodhouse‐Sakati syndrome (WSS) is an extremely rare multisystemic disorder with neuroendocrine dysfunctions. It is characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual disability and progressive extrapyramidal syndrome along with radiological features of small pituitary gland, progressive frontoparietal white matter changes and abnormal accumulation of iron on globus pallidus. WSS is caused by mutations in DCAF17 gene that encodes for DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17. In this study, we report a 17‐year‐old boy with clinical and radiological features of WSS including mild global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, progressive extrapyramidal syndrome, alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and dysmorphic features. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel potentially pathogenic splice donor site variant (c.458+1G>T) on the intron 4 of DCAF17 gene. Transcript analysis revealed splicing ablation resulting in aberrant splicing of exons 3 and 5 and skipping of exon 4 (c.322_458del). This results in a frameshift and is predicted to cause premature termination of protein synthesis resulting in a protein product of length 120 amino acids (p.[Gly108Ilefs*14]). Our study identified a novel pathogenic variant causing WSS in a patient and expands the spectrum of clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with WSS.
Hepatic abnormalities in youth with Turner syndrome
Authors: Singh Isani , Noel Gillian , Barker Jennifer M. , Chatfield Kathryn C. , Furniss Anna , Khanna Amber D. , Nokoff Natalie J. , Patel Sonali , Pyle Laura , Nahata Leena , Cole Francis S. , Ikomi Chijioke , Bamba Vaneeta , Fechner Patricia Y. , Davis Shanlee M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver disease in children with Turner Syndrome (TS) is poorly understood relative to associated growth, cardiac and reproductive complications. This study sought to better characterize hepatic abnormalities in a large national cohort of youth with TS.MethodsUsing electronic health record data from PEDSnet institutions, 2145 females with TS were matched to 8580 females without TS on eight demographic variables. Outcomes included liver enzymes (AST and ALT) stratified as normal, 1–2 times above the upper limit of normal (ULN), 2–3 times ULN and >3 times ULN, as well as specific liver disease diagnoses.ResultsFifty‐eight percent of youth with TS had elevated liver enzymes. Patients with TS had higher odds of enzymes 1–2 times ULN (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–1.9), 2–3 times ULN (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7–3.3) and >3 times ULN (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.2). They also had higher odds of any liver diagnosis (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7–3.3), fatty liver disease (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2), hepatitis (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9–7.1), cirrhosis/fibrosis (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.3–25.0) and liver tumour/malignancy (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.4–17.0). In a multinomial model, age, BMI and presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes significantly increased the odds of elevated liver enzymes in girls with TS.ConclusionsYouth with TS have higher odds for elevated liver enzymes and clinically significant liver disease compared with matched controls. These results emphasize the need for clinical screening and additional research into the aetiology and treatment of liver disease in TS.Lay summaryTurner Syndrome, a chromosomal condition in which females are missing the second sex chromosome, is often associated with short stature, infertility and cardiac complications. Liver abnormalities are less well described in the literature. In this study, nearly 60% of youth with TS have elevated liver enzymes. Furthermore, patients with TS had a diagnosis of liver disease more often than patients without TS. Our results support the importance of early and consistent liver function screening and of additional research to define mechanisms that disrupt liver function in paediatric TS females.
Length–weight relationships of five fish species from the Angqu River, China
Authors: Chen Sibao , Zhang Zhongwei , Cai Yupeng , Xie Hongzhong , Wang Fei , Wan Yanlei , Duan Guangfu , He Yunjiao , Gao Xiaoxiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLength–weight relationships are presented for five fish species collected in the Angqu River, the headwater of the Lancang River in China. The following species were examined: Schizothorax lantsangensis, Ptychobarbus kaznakovi, Schizopygopsis anteroventris, Triplophysa stolickai and Triplophysa stenura. Specimens were collected at five sampling sites along the Angqu River over a two‐year period between April 2017 and December 2019, using different fishing gear. The values of parameter a varied between 0.005 and 0.011 while those of parameter b ranged from 2.847 to 3.09. The coefficients of determination (r2) were higher than .95. Based on the records in FishBase, the results of the present study represent the first report of LWRs for these five species in the Angqu River, with new total lengths also reported for two species (T. stolickai and T. stenura). Due to the unique location of the Angqu River, the data from the present study are expected to be valuable not only for monitoring these fish species, but also for developing and assessing appropriate management measures.
Awareness of body mass index and its associated factors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Lim Kuang Kuay , Ismail Hasimah , Salleh Ruhaya , Kee Chee Cheong , Lim Kuang Hock , Cheong Yoon Ling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study explores the correlates of sociodemographic factors, smoking, and caloric knowledge to body mass index awareness with a focus on Malaysia. Logistic regressions were estimated to examine sociodemographic factors associated with body mass index awareness. More than half of respondents were unaware of their body mass index (54.8%). Age was negatively associated with body mass index awareness. Adults without formal education were less likely to know their body mass index than those with tertiary‐level education. Adults were less likely to be aware of their body mass index if they engaged in smoking. Adults with knowledge of the definition of calories were more aware of their body mass index than others. The findings emphasize the urgent need for a forthcoming sociodemographic factors‐specific policy directed toward improving body mass index awareness to lower the prevalence of obesity in Malaysia.
Disconnecting labour: The impact of intraplatform algorithmic changes on the labour process and workers' capacity to organise collectively
Authors: Mendonça Pedro , Kougiannou Nadia K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines how gig economy platform companies, via algorithmic management, shape working conditions and collective organisation of food delivery couriers. Using qualitative data from one case study operating in a city in the United Kingdom, the study captures real‐time intraplatform unilateral changes in algorithmic management to provide increased flexibility for couriers. Findings show algorithmic changes generating a reconfigured, fragmented and compliant workforce. As a result, couriers demonstrate different interests and motivations to work for the company, where disparities in the demands for improved working conditions hindered efforts for collective organising. This article argues that intraplatform algorithmic changes create affordances that companies can exploit to concentrate power over labour even when conceding some control over the labour process.
Sublinear regret for learning POMDPs
Authors: Xiong Yi , Chen Ningyuan , Gao Xuefeng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2022

We study the model‐based undiscounted reinforcement learning for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). The oracle we consider is the optimal policy of the POMDP with a known environment in terms of the average reward over an infinite horizon. We propose a learning algorithm for this problem, building on spectral method‐of‐moments estimations for hidden Markov models, the belief error control in POMDPs and upper confidence bound methods for online learning. We establish a regret bound of [Formula: see text] for the proposed learning algorithm where T is the learning horizon. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first algorithm achieving sublinear regret with respect to our oracle for learning general POMDPs.
Passive exercise increases cerebral blood flow velocity and supports a postexercise executive function benefit
Authors: Shirzad Mustafa , Tari Benjamin , Dalton Connor , Van Riesen James , Marsala Michael J. , Heath Matthew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExecutive function entails high‐level cognitive control supporting activities of daily living. Literature has shown that a single‐bout of exercise involving volitional muscle activation (i.e., active exercise) improves executive function and that an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to this benefit. It is, however, unknown whether non‐volitional exercise (i.e., passive exercise) wherein an individual's limbs are moved via an external force elicits a similar executive function benefit. This is a salient question given that proprioceptive and feedforward drive from passive exercise increases CBF independent of the metabolic demands of active exercise. Here, in a procedural validation participants (n = 2) used a cycle ergometer to complete separate 20‐min active and passive (via mechanically driven flywheel) exercise conditions and a non‐exercise control condition. Electromyography showed that passive exercise did not increase agonist muscle activation or increase ventilation or gas exchange variables (i.e., V̇O2 and V̇CO2). In a main experiment participants (n = 28) completed the same exercise and control conditions and transcranial Doppler ultrasound showed that active and passive exercise (but not the control condition) increased CBF through the middle cerebral artery (ps <.001); albeit the magnitude was less during passive exercise. Notably, antisaccade reaction times prior to and immediately after each condition showed that active (p < .001) and passive (p = .034) exercise improved an oculomotor‐based measure of executive function, whereas no benefit was observed in the control condition (p = .85). Accordingly, results evince that passive exercise ‘boosts’ an oculomotor‐based measure of executive function and supports convergent evidence that increased CBF mediates this benefit.
Prevention of droplet dispersal with ‘e‐mask’: A new daily use endoscopic mask during bronchoscopy
Authors: Ito Takayasu , Okachi Shotaro , Sato Kazuhide , Yasui Hirotoshi , Fukatsu Noriaki , Ando Masahiko , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Saka Hideo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveBronchoscopy is an airborne particle‐generating procedure. However, few methods for safe bronchoscopy have been developed. To reduce airborne particles during bronchoscopy, we created an ‘e‐mask’, which is a simple, disposable mask for patients. Our objective was to evaluate the e‐mask's protective ability against airborne particles and to assess respiratory adverse events and complications.MethodsPatients with stage 2–4 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded. We performed visualization and quantifying experiments on airborne particles with and without the e‐mask. We prospectively evaluated whether wearing the e‐mask during bronchoscopy was associated with the incidence of patients requiring >5 L/min oxygen to maintain >90% oxygen saturation, and patients with >45 mm Hg end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) elevation, in addition to complications, compared to historical controls.ResultsIn the visualization experiment, more than ten thousand times of airborne particles were generated without the e‐mask than with the e‐mask. The volume of airborne particles was significantly reduced with the e‐mask, compared to that without the e‐mask (p = 0.011). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that wearing the e‐mask had no significant effect on the incidence of patients requiring >5 L/min oxygen to maintain >90% oxygen saturation, (p = 0.959); however, wearing the e‐mask was a significant factor in >45 mm Hg EtCO2 elevation (p = 0.026). No significant differences in complications were observed between the e‐mask and control groups (5.8% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.395).ConclusionWearing the e‐mask during bronchoscopy significantly reduced the generation of airborne particles during bronchoscopy without increasing complications.
Body image experience of women with breast cancer: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Rodrigues Elaine Campos Guijarro , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , de Oliveira‐Cardoso Érika Arantes , dos Santos Manoel Antônio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody image is a multidimensional concept that involves the mental image of the human body and the feeling of being oneself throughout existence. Treatment for breast cancer causes several bodily changes that affect women's body image.AimsThis meta‐synthesis aims to synthesise and interpret primary qualitative studies on the experience of body image in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer.MethodsA qualitative meta‐synthesis was conducted employing systematic searches in six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and LILACS). Data analysis was performed according to thematic synthesis.ResultsForty studies were included. Five descriptive themes were identified: (1) actively saying goodbye to body image; (2) the rupture of body image; (3) the sacrifice of body image in exchange for life; (4) body image as a vehicle for social expression; and (5) resignation of the alterated body image. These themes were understood through one analytical theme: Half‐woman: body image of the woman with breast cancer.ConclusionThe experience of body image in the context of breast cancer is a dynamic phenomenon, which involves dismissal, rupture, and resignation and occurs mediated by interpersonal contact.
Support during the postnatal period: Evaluating new mothers' and midwives' experiences of a new, coordinated postnatal care model in a midwifery clinic in Sweden
Authors: Eikemo Ragnhild , Vikström Anna , Nyman Viola , Jonas Wibke , Barimani Mia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveContinuity of care as provided by midwives promoting the health and well‐being of new mothers during the postnatal period is critical; thus, access to midwifery services needs to be facilitated. The aim of this study was to describe new mothers’ and midwives' experiences and perceptions of a new coordinated postnatal care intervention in a midwifery clinic.DesignNew mothers responded to open‐ended questions in a survey, and midwives were interviewed individually about the intervention. A deductive content analysis research related to continuity of care concepts was used.Setting and participantsThe study was carried out at a midwifery clinic in a larger city in Sweden, for an eight‐month period in 2019 and 2020. Two hundred and sixteen answers from new mothers and nine interviews with midwives were analysed.InterventionAll registered pregnant women at the midwifery clinic received enhanced postnatal support based on a new coordinated postnatal care model. The focus was on continuity of care, from pregnancy to the postnatal period and included planning for the first weeks after childbirth at the end of pregnancy, early postnatal contact and several visits to the midwifery clinic.FindingsNew mothers describing the coordinated postnatal care model highlighted continuity and accessibility as empowering factors that made them feel assured and confident. Midwives emphasised the pregnancy to postnatal continuity as crucial to providing care based on individual needs.Key conclusions/Implications for practiceUsing a structured and coordinated care model as a midwife that includes planning for the postnatal period together with the pregnant woman at the end of pregnancy may be a good and relatively easy way to create continuity and thus ensure satisfaction and confidence in expectant and new mothers.