bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance and maintenance of small RNA‐mediated epigenetic effects
Authors: Quarato Piergiuseppe , Singh Meetali , Bourdon Loan , Cecere Germano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeritable traits are predominantly encoded within genomic DNA, but it is now appreciated that epigenetic information is also inherited through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNAs. Several examples of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of traits have been documented in plants and animals. These include even the inheritance of traits acquired through the soma during the life of an organism, implicating the transfer of epigenetic information via the germline to the next generation. Small RNAs appear to play a significant role in carrying epigenetic information across generations. This review focuses on how epigenetic information in the form of small RNAs is transmitted from the germline to the embryos through the gametes. We also consider how inherited epigenetic information is maintained across generations in a small RNA‐dependent and independent manner. Finally, we discuss how epigenetic traits acquired from the soma can be inherited through small RNAs.
Stochastic parcel tracking in an Euler–Lagrange compartment model for fast simulation of fermentation processes
Authors: Haringa Cees , Tang Wenjun , Noorman Henk J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe compartment model (CM) is a well‐known approach for computationally affordable, spatially resolved hydrodynamic modeling of unit operations. Recent implementations use flow profiles based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and several authors included microbial kinetics to simulate gradients in bioreactors. However, these studies relied on black‐box kinetics that do not account for intracellular changes and cell population dynamics in response to heterogeneous environments. In this paper, we report the implementation of a Lagrangian reaction model, where the microbial phase is tracked as a set of biomass‐parcels, each linked with an intracellular composition vector and a structured reaction model describing their intracellular response to extracellular variations. A stochastic parcel tracking approach is adopted, in contrast to the resolved trajectories used in CFD implementations. A penicillin production process is used as a case study. We show good performance of the model compared with full CFD simulations, both regarding the extracellular gradients and intracellular pool response, using the mixing time as a matching criterion and taking into account that the mixing time is sensitive to the number of compartments. The sensitivity of the model output towards some of the inputs is explored. The coarsest representative CM requires a few minutes to solve 80 h of flow time, compared with approximately 2 weeks for a full Euler–Lagrange CFD simulation of the same case. This alleviates one of the major bottlenecks for the application of such CFD simulations towards the analysis and optimization of industrial fermentation processes.
Neoadjuvant treatment of sintilimab plus hypofractionated radiotherapy for MSI‐H/dMMR rectal cancer: A prospective, multicenter, phase Ib study
Authors: Li Xiaofen , Fang Chao , Wang Xin , Yu Yongyang , Wang Ziqiang , Qiu Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery is the standard treatment strategy for local advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is limited, especially for patients with DNA mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) rectal cancer. Considering the amazing therapeutic effect of immune check point inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer, we conduct this multicenter, phase Ib study to investigate the safety and efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody, sintilimab combined with hypofractionated radiotherapy in MSI‐H/dMMR rectal cancer patients.MethodsPatients with MSI‐H/dMMR LARC will receive hypofractionated radiotherapy (5 Gy × 5) and three cycles of sintilimab 200 mg IV every 2 weeks. Radical surgery will be performed 6–8 weeks after radiotherapy. The primary endpoint is adverse reaction after neoadjuvant treatment and perioperative complications. Secondary endpoints include pathological response rate, complete resection rate, and quality of life.DiscussionThis is the first study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for MSI‐H/dMMR LARC. It is expected that this study will propose a brand new and effective treatment strategy for MSI‐H/dMMR LARC.
Do the relationships between age and the personality of psychotherapists differ from expected trajectories? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Demisch Anja Maja , Kuchinke Lars 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesLarge‐scale panel data suggest that older people tend to be less neurotic, extraverted and open‐minded, but more agreeable and conscientious. In this study, the relationships between age and the Big Five dimensions were examined for 324 German psychotherapists.MethodsA model uncertainty and robustness approach was applied to evaluate the stability of relationships between age and the Big Five measures across a multiverse of regression analyses when controlling for job experience, gender, psychotherapeutic orientation, and occupational demands.ResultsOlder psychotherapists were found to be more open and less neurotic, and conscientious. Relationships were found to be linear and were not moderated by occupational demands.ConclusionsThe observed relationships between age and psychotherapists' personality are discussed in consideration of social investment theories and a close connection between personal and professional development as a distinct feature of psychotherapeutic work. Those patterns parallel clients' preferences and likely contribute to therapy outcomes, which should be addressed in future studies in psychotherapy research.
Tetraphenylporphyrin Enters the Ring: First Example of a Complex between Highly Bulky Porphyrins and a Protein**
Authors: Shisaka Yuma , Sakakibara Erika , Suzuki Kazuto , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Onoda Hiroki , Ueda Garyo , Hatano Miu , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shoji Osami 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) is a symmetrically substituted synthetic porphyrin whose properties can be readily modified, providing it with significant advantages over naturally occurring porphyrins. Herein, we report the first example of a stable complex between a native biomolecule, the haemoprotein HasA, and TPP as well as its derivatives. The X‐ray crystal structures of nine different HasA‐TPP complexes were solved at high resolutions. HasA capturing TPP derivatives was also demonstrated to inhibit growth of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mutant variants of HasA binding FeTPP were shown to possess a different mode of coordination, permitting the cyclopropanation of styrene.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of N2 to NH3 Over Defective 1T′‐WX2 (X=S, Se, Te) Monolayers
Authors: Tursun Mamutjan , Wu Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDefects in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can serve as active sites in catalytic reactions. In this work, by means of first‐principles calculations, the catalytic activities of WX2 (X=S, Se, Te) monolayers in the 1T′ phase with both vacancy defects (missing chalcogen atoms, XVd) and antisite defects (replacing chalcogen atoms with W atoms, XAd) were evaluated for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Results showed that all these defective catalysts had great potential toward electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis by exhibiting low limiting potentials (UL). Over 1T′‐WTe2@TeVd, 1T′‐WS2@SAd, 1T′‐WSe2@SeAd, and 1T′‐WTe2@TeAd, the corresponding UL values were −0.49, −0.21, −0.19, and −0.15 V, much smaller than that of the benchmark catalyst, the Ru (0001) surface (UL=−0.98 V). Furthermore, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was inhibited. 1T′‐WX2 monolayers with the antisite defects showed better NRR activity than those with the vacancy defects because of the smaller steric hindrance at the former. Results suggest that the steric effect at the active surface sites should be utilized to develop better catalysts.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing technologies and applications: A brief overview
Authors: Jovic Dragomirka , Liang Xue , Zeng Hua , Lin Lin , Xu Fengping , Luo Yonglun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technology has become the state‐of‐the‐art approach for unravelling the heterogeneity and complexity of RNA transcripts within individual cells, as well as revealing the composition of different cell types and functions within highly organized tissues/organs/organisms. Since its first discovery in 2009, studies based on scRNA‐seq provide massive information across different fields making exciting new discoveries in better understanding the composition and interaction of cells within humans, model animals and plants. In this review, we provide a concise overview about the scRNA‐seq technology, experimental and computational procedures for transforming the biological and molecular processes into computational and statistical data. We also provide an explanation of the key technological steps in implementing the technology. We highlight a few examples on how scRNA‐seq can provide unique information for better understanding health and diseases. One important application of the scRNA‐seq technology is to build a better and high‐resolution catalogue of cells in all living organism, commonly known as atlas, which is key resource to better understand and provide a solution in treating diseases. While great promises have been demonstrated with the technology in all areas, we further highlight a few remaining challenges to be overcome and its great potentials in transforming current protocols in disease diagnosis and treatment.
The impact of Drew Noden's work on our understanding of craniofacial musculoskeletal integration
Authors: Nödl Marie‐Therese , Tsai Stephanie L. , Galloway Jenna L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe classical anatomist Drew Noden spearheaded craniofacial research, laying the foundation for our modern molecular understanding of development, evolution, and disorders of the craniofacial skeleton. His work revealed the origin of cephalic musculature and the role of cranial neural crest (CNC) in early formation and patterning of the head musculoskeletal structures. Much of modern cranial tendon research advances a foundation of knowledge that Noden built using classical quail‐chick transplantation experiments. This elegant avian chimeric system involves grafting of donor quail cells into host chick embryos to identify the cell types they can form and their interactions with the surrounding tissues. In this review, we will give a brief background of vertebrate head formation and the impact of CNC on the patterning, development, and evolution of the head musculoskeletal attachments. Using the zebrafish as a model system, we will discuss examples of modifications of craniofacial structures in evolution with a special focus on the role of tendon and ligaments. Lastly, we will discuss pathologies in craniofacial tendons and the importance of understanding the molecular and cellular dynamics during craniofacial tendon development in human disease.
Implications of a specific storm event for understanding adjustment of urban dryland channels
Authors: Chin Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDryland stream channels adjusting to urbanization are difficult to study without some indication of the extent and frequency of specific hydrological events. Investigations of changing channels in Fountain Hills, Arizona, urbanized since 1970, can benefit from knowledge gained from a storm event of over 55 mm rainfall in January 2016, equivalent to ~25% of annual precipitation. Morphological flow capacity was reached with this rainfall event, which had a recurrence interval of 1.4 years for a 24‐h period and 3.6 years for a 3‐day duration. This storm is typical of events that occur in less than half the years of record, occurring between zero and three times each year in the 26 years of record available. Analysis of this event assists in the calibration of measured cross‐sections, providing a useful benchmark for space‐time substitution in dryland environments where flow is ephemeral. Correspondence of the recurrence interval of the storm to somewhat frequent ‘bankfull’ channel‐forming events, despite signs of flashiness, suggests a tight coupling between rainfall and runoff and a tempered response to urbanization effects in Fountain Hills—achievable through decades of proactive planning and adaptive wash management in a master‐planned community.
Oyster broth concentrate and its major component taurine alleviate acute alcohol‐induced liver damage
Authors: Siregar Adrian S. , Nyiramana Marie Merci , Kim Eun‐Jin , Shin Eui‐Jung , Woo Min Seok , Kim Jin‐Mok , Park Si‐Hyang , Hahm Jong Ryeal , Choi Yeung Joon , Kang Dawon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur previous study showed that oyster hydrolysate (OH) protected against the liver damage caused by a single instance of ethanol (EtOH) binge drinking. Oyster broth concentrate (OBC) was discovered in the process of searching for a different substance derived from oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with economic value. OBC is a by‐product of boiling oysters at 95°C for 3 min. In this study, we investigated the effects of OBC and its major component taurine on blood and liver tissues obtained from a single‐EtOH‐binge‐drinking mouse model. The preadministration of OBC enhanced EtOH metabolism by increasing the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and catalase. In addition, the preadministration of OBC reduced cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Ca2+ concentrations, apoptotic signals, and inflammatory mediators in liver tissues. The reduction of apoptotic and inflammatory signals by OBC resulted from the downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress molecules and NF‐κB activity. Taurine administration showed similar effects to OBC. These results show that OBC protected against acute EtOH‐induced liver damage through the action of taurine. Our findings suggest that OBC could be an economically valuable substance and a functional food with hepatoprotective effects.
Nitrogen‐doped tin oxide electron transport layer for stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 23%
Authors: Mo Yanping , Wang Chao , Zheng Xuntian , Zhou Peng , Li Jing , Yu Xinxin , Yang Kaizhong , Deng Xinyu , Park Hyesung , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTin oxide has made a major breakthrough in high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as an efficient electron transport layer by the low‐temperature chemical bath deposition method. However, tin oxide often contains pernicious defects, resulting in unsatisfactory performance. Herein, we develop high‐quality tin oxide films via a nitrogen‐doping strategy for high‐efficiency and stable planar PSCs. The aligned energy level at the interface of doped SnO2/perovskite, more excellent charge extraction and reduced nonradiative recombination contribute to the enhanced efficiency and stability. Correspondingly, the power conversion efficiency of the devices based on N‐SnO2 film increases to 23.41% from 20.55% of the devices based on the pristine SnO2. The N‐SnO2 devices show an outstanding stability retaining 97.8% of the initial efficiency after steady‐state output at a maximum power point for 600 s under standard AM1.5G continuous illumination without encapsulation, while less than 50% efficiency remains for the devices based on pristine SnO2. This simple scalable strategy has shown great promise toward highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Post natal expression of Prx1 labels appendicular restricted progenitor cell populations of multiple tissues
Authors: Bragdon Beth C. , Bennie Andrew , Molinelli Amanda , Liu Yu , Gerstenfeld Louis C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrently, there is no consensus whether there is a single or multiple postnatal stem cell population(s) that contribute to skeletal homeostasis and postnatal bone formation. A known population of cells that express Prx1 contributes to postnatal bone formation. Prx1 expression also connotes calvaria and appendicular tissues during embryonic development. A transgenic tamoxifen inducible Prx1 reporter mouse was used for lineage tracking, to characterize the postnatal contribution of Prx1 expressing cells in skeletal homeostasis and bone formation. Under homeostatic conditions Prx1 labeling gave rise to a transient yet rapid turnover cell population at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces, along muscle fibers, and within the medial layers of vessels both within the muscle and marrow compartments of the appendicular skeleton. Fracture and ectopic bone formation of both fore and hind limbs showed recruitment and expansion of Prx1‐derived cells in newly formed bone tissues. Prx1 labeled cells were limited or absent at axial skeletal sites during both homeostasis and after induction of bone formation. Last, Prx1‐derived cells differentiated into multiple cell lineages including vascular smooth muscle, adipose, cartilage, and bone cells. These results show that Prx1 expression retained its embryonic tissue specification and connotes a stem/progenitor cell populations of mesenchymal tissue progenitors.
Relationship Between Anifrolumab Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy in Patients With Moderate to Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Chia Yen Lin , Tummala Raj , Mai Tu H. , Rouse Tomas , Streicher Katie , White Wendy I. , Morand Eric F. , Furie Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic/efficacy relationships of anifrolumab, a type I interferon receptor antibody, in patients with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Data were pooled from the randomized, 52‐week, placebo‐controlled TULIP‐1 and TULIP‐2 trials of intravenous anifrolumab (150 mg/300 mg, every 4 weeks for 48 weeks). Pharmacodynamic neutralization was measured with a 21‐gene type I interferon gene signature (21‐IFNGS) in patients with high IFNGS. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship was analyzed graphically and modeled with a nonlinear mixed‐effects model. British Isles Lupus Assessment Group–based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) response rates were compared across 21‐IFNGS neutralization quartiles. Overall, 819 patients received ≥1 dose of anifrolumab or placebo, of whom 676 were IFNGS high. Over 52 weeks, higher average anifrolumab serum concentrations were associated with increased median 21‐IFNGS neutralization, which was rapid and sustained with anifrolumab 300 mg (>80%, weeks 12‐52), lower and delayed with anifrolumab 150 mg (>50%, week 52), and minimal with placebo. The proportion of patients with week 24 anifrolumab trough concentration exceeding the IC80 (3.88 μg/mL) was greater with anifrolumab 300 mg vs anifrolumab 150 mg (≈83% vs ≈27%), owing to the higher estimated median trough concentration (15.6 vs 0.2 μg/mL). BICLA response rates increased with 21‐IFNGS neutralization; more patients had a BICLA response in the highest vs lowest neutralization quartiles at week 52 (58.1% vs 37.6%). In conclusion, anifrolumab 300 mg every 4 weeks rapidly, substantially, and sustainably neutralized the 21‐IFNGS and was associated with clinical efficacy, supporting this dosing regimen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Diagnostic usefulness of cone‐beam computed tomography versus multi‐detector computed tomography for sinonasal structure evaluation
Authors: Han Miran , Kim Hyun Jun , Choi Jin Wook , Park Do‐Yang , Han Jang Gyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a promising imaging modality for sinonasal evaluation, with advantages of relatively low radiation dose, low cost, and quick outpatient imaging. Our study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and image quality of CBCT with those of multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) with different slice thickness.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 60 consecutive patients who had undergone both CBCT and MDCT. MDCT images was reconstructed with 1 and 3 mm slice thickness. The quantitative image quality parameters (image noise, signal‐to‐noise ratio [SNR], and contrast‐to noise ratio [CNR] were calculated and compared between the two imaging modalities. Two observers (ENT surgeon and neuroradiologist) evaluated the presence of seven sinonasal anatomic variations in each patient and interobserver agreements were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of CBCT (0.3 mm) and MDCT (3 mm) was assessed and compared with that of high resolution MDCT (1 mm), which is considered as the gold standard.ResultsThe image noise was significantly higher and SNR and CNR values were lower in the CBCT (0.3 mm) group than in the MDCT groups (1 and 3 mm). The diagnostic performance of CBCT (0.3 mm) was similar to that of MDCT (1 mm) and superior to that of MDCT (3 mm). The highest interobserver agreement was for high resolution MDCT (1 mm), followed by CBCT (0.3 mm), and MDCT (3 mm).ConclusionConsidering its low radiation dose, low cost, and ease of clinical access, CBCT may be a useful imaging modality for as first line sinonasal evaluation and repeated follow up.Study design: Retrospective study in a tertiary referral university center.Level of evidence: NA.
Adaptation and Recovery of a Styrene‐Acrylic Acid Copolymer Surface to Water
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Encheva Mirela , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Backus Ellen H. G. , Berger Rüdiger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrops sliding down an adaptive surface lead to changes of the dynamic contact angles. Two adaptation processes play a role: 1) the adaptation of the surface upon bringing it into contact to the drop (wetting) and 2) the adaptation of the surface after the drop passed (dewetting). In order to study both processes, the authors investigate samples made from random styrene (PS)/acrylic acid (PAA) copolymers, which are exposed to water. Sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy and tilted‐plate measurements indicate that during wetting, the PS segments displace from the interface, while PAA segments are enriched. This structural adaptation of the PS/PAA random copolymer to water remains after dewetting. Annealing the adapted polymer induces reorientation of the PS segments to the surface.
Legionella pneumophila temporally regulates the activity of ADP/ATP translocases by reversible ADP‐ribosylation
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Li Pengwei , Guan Hongxin , Huang Dan , Song Lei , Ouyang Songying , Luo Zhao‐Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mitochondrion is an important signaling hub that governs diverse cellular functions, including metabolism, energy production, and immunity. Among the hundreds of effectors translocated into host cells by the Dot/Icm system of Legionella pneumophila, several are targeted to mitochondria but the function of most of them remains elusive. Our recent study found that the effector Ceg3 inhibits the activity of ADP/ATP translocases (ANTs) by ADP‐ribosylation (ADPR). Here, we show that the effect of Ceg3 is antagonized by Larg1, an effector encoded by lpg0081, a gene that is situated next to ceg3. Larg1 functions to reverse Ceg3‐mediated ADPR of ANTs by cleaving the N‐glycosidic bond between the ADPR moiety and the modified arginine residues in ANTs, leading to restoration of their activity in ADP/ATP exchange. Structural analysis of Larg1 and its complex with ADPR reveals that this ADPR glycohydrolase harbors a unique macrodomain that catalyzes the removal of ADPR modification on ANTs. Our results also demonstrate that together with Ceg3, Larg1 imposes temporal regulation of the activity of ANTs by reversible ADPR during L. pneumophila infection.