bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der potentiellen Energie ein Zuhause geben – Felder als didaktisches Hilfsmittel im Anfangsunterricht zum Energiekonzept
Authors: Fiedler Kristin , Kubsch Marcus , Neumann Knut , Nordine Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit eines neuen Unterrichtsansatzes zur Einführung des Energiekonzeptes mit Hilfe von Feldern. Die zentrale Bedeutung des Energiekonzeptes in Physik steht im Kontrast zu den Verständnisschwierigkeiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler, insbesondere mit der potentiellen Energie. Die Konzeptualisierung der potentiellen Energie als in Feldern gespeicherter Energie erlaubt eine physikalisch korrekte und gleichzeitig anschauliche Begründung der für Schülerinnen und Schüler verwirrenden Eigenschaften der potentiellen Energie. Wir haben deswegen einen Unterrichtsansatz entwickelt und getestet, der Felder in den Anfangsunterricht zur Energie integriert. Dazu haben wir den traditionellen formenbasierten Ansatz, Energie zu unterrichten, erweitert. In einer quasi-experimentellen Studie haben wir anschließend eine Schülergruppe (N = 43) nach dem traditionellen formenbasierten Ansatz unterrichtet und eine Gruppe (N = 47) nach dem erweiterten Ansatz, der potentielle Energieformen als in entsprechenden Feldern gespeicherte Energie konzeptualisiert. Neben den kognitiven Fähigkeiten als Kovariate wurden das Verständnis vom Energie- und Feldkonzept als abhängige Variablen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass die Schülerinnen und Schüler des erweiterten Ansatzes im Energietest schlechter abschneiden als die Schülerinnen und Schüler des traditionellen Ansatzes. Eine Untersuchung des Einflusses des Felderverständnisses auf den Effekt der Intervention ergibt jedoch, dass die nach dem erweiterten Ansatz unterrichteten Schülerinnen und Schüler wesentliche Aspekte des Feldkonzeptes verstehen und dass sich dieses Verständnis positiv auf ihr Verständnis von Energie auswirken könnte. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Feldkonzept ein Mittel zur Entwicklung eines besseren Energieverständnisses sein könnte, dessen Einfluss auf das zukünftige Lernen über Energie weiter untersucht werden sollte.
Feasibility and Effectiveness Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Climate Change Adaptation for Food Security and Nutrition
Authors: Tirado M. C. , Vivero-Pol J. L. , Bezner Kerr R. , Krishnamurthy K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review aims to identify the evidence for the assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of multi-sectoral climate adaptation for food security and malnutrition. This review and the assessments of the evidence inform the contents and confidence statements in section “multi-sectoral adaptation for malnutrition” and in the Executive Summary of the IPCC AR6 WGII Chapter 7: Health Wellbeing and Changing Community Structure.

Recent Findings
A review of adaptation for food security and nutrition FSN in West Africa concluded that food security and nutrition and climate adaptation are not independent goals, but often go under different sectors.

Summary
Most of the adaptation categories identified here are highly effective in reducing climate risks to food security and malnutrition, and the implementation is moderately or highly feasible. Categories include improved access to (1) sustainable, affordable, and healthy diets from climate-resilient, nutrition-sensitive agroecological food systems; (ii) health care (including child, maternal, and reproductive), nutrition services, water and sanitation; (iii) anticipatory actions, adoption of the IPC classification, EW-EA systems; and (iv) nutrition-sensitive adaptive social protection. Risk reduction, such as weather-related insurance, and risk management are moderately effective and feasible due to economic and institutional barriers. Women and girls’ empowerment, enhanced education, rights-based approaches, and peace building are highly relevant enablers for implementation of the adaptation options.
A state-of-the-art review on rock seepage mechanism of water inrush disaster in coal mines
Authors: Ma Dan , Duan Hongyu , Zhang Jixiong , Bai Haibo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater inrush is one of the most dangerous disasters in coal mining. Due to the large-scale mining and complicated hydrogeological conditions, thousands of deaths and huge economic losses have been caused by water inrush disasters in China. There are two main factors determining the occurrence of water inrush: water source and water-conducting pathway. Research on the formation mechanism of the water-conducting pathway is the main direction to prevent and control the water inrush, and the seepage mechanism of rock mass during the formation of the water-conducting pathway is the key for the research on the water inrush mechanism. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of seepage mechanisms during water inrush from three aspects, i.e., mechanisms of stress-seepage coupling, flow regime transformation and rock erosion. Through numerical methods and experimental analysis, the evolution law of stress and seepage fields in the process of water inrush is fully studied; the fluid movement characteristics under different flow regimes are clearly summarized; the law of particle initiation and migration in the process of water inrush is explored, and the effect of rock erosion on hydraulic and mechanical properties of the rock media is also studied. Finally, some limitations of current research are analyzed, and the suggestions for future research on water inrush are proposed in this review.
The space of barcode bases for persistence modules
Authors: Jacquard Emile , Nanda Vidit , Tillmann Ulrike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe barcode of a persistence module serves as a complete combinatorial invariant of its isomorphism class. Barcodes are typically extracted by performing changes of basis on a persistence module until the constituent matrices have a special form. Here we describe a new algorithm for computing barcodes which also keeps track of, and outputs, such a change of basis. Our main result is an explicit characterisation of the group of transformations that sends one barcode basis to another. Armed with knowledge of the entire space of barcode bases, we are able to show that any map of persistence modules can be represented via a partial matching between bars provided that neither source nor target admits nested bars in its barcode.
We also generalise the algorithm and results described above to work for zizag modules.
Occurrence and outcomes of possible superadded infections in older adults with COVID-19—cohort study
Authors: Bilan Jimmy , Aggrey Ken , Quinn Terence J. , Lumsden Jane , Colquhoun Kirsty 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Current guidance discourages use of antibiotics in COVID-19. However, in older adults, superadded infection may be common and require treatment. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence and outcomes from possible superadded infections, occurring within 2 weeks of hospitalization, in older adults with COVID-19.

Methods
This was a single centre, observational cohort study. We collected data from patients admitted to older adult wards who had tested positive for the Sars-CoV-2 virus on viral PCR between 1st October and 1st December 2020. The primary outcome was inpatient death occurring within 90 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. The secondary outcome was length of stay in hospital. Associations were described using univariable and multivariable models, and time to event data.

Results
Of 266 patients with COVID-19, 43% (115) had evidence of superadded infections (91 with positive bacterial cultures and 36 instances of radiological lobar consolidation). Patients with superadded infections were more likely to die (45.2 versus 30.7%, p = 0.020) and had an increased length of stay (23 versus 18 days, p = 0.026).

Conclusions
Recommendations to avoid antibiotics in COVID-19 may not be applicable to an older adult population. Assessing for possible superadded infections is warranted in this group.
Global sector-specific Scope 1, 2, and 3 analyses for setting net-zero targets: agriculture, forestry, and processing harvested products
Authors: Teske Sven , Nagrath Kriti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this research was the development of global 1.5 °C net-zero pathways for specific industries as classified under the Global Industry Classification System (GICS). In this article, we described the analysis of the Agriculture & Food and Forestry & Wood Products categories to determine their industry-specific Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions on a global level. The accounting methodologies for Scope 3 emissions were developed for entity-level accounting and reporting. However, we suggested an alteration of the methodology for industry-wide Scope 3 analyses because of poor data availability and to avoid counting emissions twice. In this article, we described the calculation method and the key results for net-zero pathways for these two industry sectors. We showed that the decarbonization of the energy supply is possible for both sectors globally by 2050. We also described the land-use-related Scope 3 emissions for the agriculture and forestry sectors. The agricultural sector is unlikely to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, whereas the forest industry can become carbon negative.
Tuning the Acidity of Montmorillonite by H3PO4-Activation and Supporting WO3 for Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein
Authors: Yu Wei Hua , Zhu Bao , Tong Dong Shen , Deng Kai , Fu Chao Peng , Huang Tian Hao , Zhou Chun Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMontmorillonite (Mnt)-based solid acids have a wide range of applications in catalysis and adsorption of pollutants. For such solid acids, the acidic characteristic often plays a significant role in these applications. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of H3PO4-activation and supporting WO3 on the textural structure and surface acidic properties of Mnt. The Mnt-based solid acid materials were prepared by H3PO4 treatment and an impregnation method with a solution of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and were examined as catalysts in the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR UV-Vis) spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD), diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (DR FTIR) spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The phosphoric acid treatment of Mnt created Brönsted and Lewis acid sites and led to increases in specific surface areas, porosity, and acidity. WO3 species influenced total acidity, acid strength, the numbers of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, and catalytic performances. A high turnover frequency (TOF) value (31.2 h−1) based on a maximal 60.7% yield of acrolein was reached. The correlation of acrolein yield with acidic properties indicated that the cooperative role of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites was beneficial to the formation of acrolein and a little coke deposition (<3.3 wt.%). This work provides a new idea for the design of solid acid catalysts with cooperative Brönsted and Lewis acidity for the dehydration of glycerol.
Andrographolide Suppresses Expressions of Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Inhibition-Related Factors in LPS-Induced Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II via NF-κB Signal Pathway In Vitro
Authors: Yang Guixia , Li Xiang , Li Qing , Xiao Chuan , Qian Hong , Yang Huilin , Shen Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndrographolide (Andro) has been confirmed to ameliorate alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition via NF-κB pathway in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the specific target of Andro is unknown.PurposeOur aim is to explore the specific target of Andro through which the drug exerted its effects on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS.MethodsAECII was treated with different doses of Andro for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. Expressions of tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were detected. Concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), pro-collagen type III peptide (PIIIP), antithrombin III (ATIII) and activated protein C (APC) in cell supernatant were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NF-κB signaling pathways activation was simultaneously determined. AECII with p65 down-/over-expression were used as control.ResultsAndro effectively inhibited TF and PAI-1 and promoted TFPI expressions on AECII induced by LPS stimulation. Andro also significantly suppressed the productions of TAT and PIIIP but promoted ATIII and APC secretions from the LPS-treated cell. Furthermore, Andro application obviously inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation provoked by LPS, as shown by decreased level of phosphorylation (p‑)-IKKβ/IKKβ, p-p65/p65 and p65 DNA binding activity. The effects of Andro on those factors were obviously strengthened by down- but were weakened by up-regulation of p65 gene in AECII cell.ConclusionsOur data demonstrates that targeting AECII is the mechanism by which Andro ameliorates alveolar hypercoagulaiton and fibrinolytic inhibition via NF-κB pathway in ARDS. Andro is worth to be clinically further studied in ARDS treatment.
Screening for participants in the ISCHEMIA trial: Implications for clinical research
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima , Hochman Judith S. , Xu Yifan , Reynolds Harmony R. , Berger Jeffrey S. , Mavromichalis Stavroula , Newman Jonathan D. , Bangalore Sripal , Maron David J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) found that there was no statistical difference in cardiovascular events with an initial invasive strategy as compared with an initial conservative strategy of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with moderate to severe ischemia on noninvasive testing. In this study, we describe the reasons that potentially eligible patients who were screened for participation in the ISCHEMIA trial did not advance to enrollment, the step prior to randomization. Of those who preliminarily met clinical inclusion criteria on screening logs submitted during the enrollment period, over half did not participate due to physician or patient refusal, a potentially modifiable barrier. This analysis highlights the importance of physician equipoise when advising patients about participation in randomized controlled trials.
Prevalence and associated factors of paternal stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the early postnatal period
Authors: Philpott Lloyd Frank , Leahy-Warren Patricia , FitzGerald Serena , Savage Eileen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe changes experienced during the transition to first-time or subsequent fatherhood are mainly positive; however, fathers can also experience adverse mental health outcomes such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of paternal stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the early postnatal period.MethodsA quantitative, descriptive correlational design was used. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire comprising of the Perceived Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.ResultsA total of 336 fathers were included in the study. The prevalence rates were 41.1% (n = 138) for moderate/high stress symptoms, 20.8% (n = 70) for state anxiety symptoms, 25.9% (n = 87) for trait anxiety symptoms, and 13.4% (n = 45) for depression symptoms. In the multivariable analysis, several factors were associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms including being a subsequent father (p = 0.009), not living in a house (p = 0.009), having a history of adverse mental health (p = 0.008), and having a partner with a history of anxiety (p = 0.040).ConclusionThe findings suggest that fathers are at risk of adverse mental health in the early postnatal period which is a pivotal time for fathers in terms of bonding with their infant and redefining their relationship with their partner.
A computational study on the optical shaping of gas targets via blast wave collisions for magnetic vortex acceleration
Authors: Tazes I. , Passalidis S. , Kaselouris E. , Fitilis I. , Bakarezos M. , Papadogiannis N. A. , Tatarakis M. , Dimitriou V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research work emphasizes the capability of delivering optically shaped targets through the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with high-density gas-jet profiles, and explores proton acceleration in the near-critical density regime via magnetic vortex acceleration (MVA). Multiple blast waves (BWs) are generated by laser pulses that compress the gas-jet into near-critical steep gradient slabs of a few micrometres thickness. Geometrical alternatives for delivering the laser pulses into the gas target are explored to efficiently control the characteristics of the density profile. The shock front collisions of the generated BWs are computationally studied by 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The efficiency of the proposed target shaping method for MVA is demonstrated for TW-class lasers by a particle-in-cell simulation.
Dynamic capabilities: New ideas, microfoundations, and criticism
Authors: Arndt Felix , Galvin Peter , Jansen Rob J. G. , Lucas Gerardus J. M. , Su Peiran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this special issue, we have collected 13 articles that offer new vantage points for research on dynamic capabilities. We offer a selection of thought-provoking papers that advance current thinking on dynamic capabilities and provide directions for new inquiries using the dynamic capability framework. The microfoundations of dynamic capabilities have increasingly received interest. This special issue offers a range of conceptual methodological approaches to deepen our understanding of the issues surrounding the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities.
SOME PRODUCTS OF SUBGROUPS AND VANISHING CONJUGACY CLASS SIZES
Authors: BALLESTER-BOLINCHES ADOLFO , ESTEBAN-ROMERO RAMÓN , MADANHA SESUAI Y. , PEDRAZA-AGUILERA MARÍA C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this note, we investigate some products of subgroups and vanishing conjugacy class sizes of finite groups. We prove some supersolubility criteria for groups with restrictions on the vanishing conjugacy class sizes of their subgroups.
Balanced fertilization increases wheat yield response on different soils and agroecological zones in Ethiopia
Authors: Dargie Sofonyas , Girma Tsegaye , Chibsa Tilahun , Kassa Sofia , Boke Shiferaw , Abera Abate , Haileselassie Bereket , Addisie Samuel , Amsalu Sosina , Haileselassie Mehretab , Soboka Shure , Abera Wuletawu , Weldesemayat Sileshi G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe response of wheat to the application of different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) under balanced fertilization on different soil types and agroecologies has not been well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) determine soil-specific responses of wheat to N, P, K, and S under balanced fertilization; (2) quantify agroecology-specific N, P, K, and S response of wheat under balanced fertilization; and (3) determine nutrient use efficiency of wheat on different soil types under balanced fertilization. Trials were conducted on farmers’ fields across 24 locations covering 4 soil types and 5 agroecological zones (AEZs) from 2013 to 2017. The mean grain yields of wheat significantly varied with applied N and P fertilizer rates with soil types and AEZs. With balanced application of other nutrients, the optimum N rates for wheat were 138 kg N ha−1on Cambisols and Luvisols, 92 kg N ha−1on Vertisols, and 176 kg N ha−1on Nitisols, while the optimum P rate was 20 kg P ha−1on Cambisols and Vertisols. The nutrient dose–response curve did not reveal consistent pattern for K and S applications on all soil types. The agronomic efficiency of wheat decreased with increasing rates N and P on all soil types. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (15.8 kg grain kg−1applied N) was recorded with application of 92 kg N ha−1on Vertisols, while the highest agronomic efficiency of P (49 kg grain kg−1applied P) was achieved with application of 10 kg P ha−1on Cambisols. We conclude that applications of 92–138 kg N ha−1, 20 kg P ha−1, 18 kg K ha−1, and 10 kg S ha−1under balanced application of zinc and boron could be recommended depending on soil type for wheat production in the study areas.
Efficiency and usability of an elementary hand-held suction assembly in paediatric tracheostomised patients
Authors: Sagar P , Kumar R , Chandran A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveCommercially available suction devices are expensive, large and heavy, and need electricity, and thus restrict the outdoor activity of tracheostomised children and their carers. This study evaluated the efficacy and usability of a simple suction assembly using a syringe and feeding tube in paediatric tracheostomised patients.MethodsFollowing the domiciliary usage of this suction assembly instead of their existing suction device for a minimum of 15 days, carers responded to a set of questionnaires containing a subjective scoring system.ResultsNinety-three per cent of the carers considered this assembly as average, good or very good in cleaning the tracheostomy tube. Eighty per cent of the carers considered that this assembly would be suitable when their existing suction machines are unavailable, indicating high usability, and 66.67 per cent of the carers would be confident using this assembly in outdoor settings.ConclusionLarger studies with objective evaluation methods can validate the high efficacy of this simple, inexpensive and easy-to-use, hand-held suction apparatus as reported by the carers of 15 paediatric tracheostomised patients in this study.
Impact of collaborative actions of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis subpopulations on the infection profile
Authors: de Albuquerque-Melo Barbara Cristina , Cysne-Finkelstein Léa , Gonçalves-Oliveira Luiz Filipe , Cascabulho Cynthia Machado , Henriques-Pons Andrea , Pereira Mirian Cláudia de Souza , Alves Carlos Roberto , Dias-Lopes Geovane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the role of the population structure of Leishmania spp. on the adaptive capacity of the parasite. Herein, we investigate the contribution of subpopulations of the L. (V.) braziliensis Thor strain (Thor03, Thor10 and Thor22) in the profile of murine macrophages infection. Infection assays were performed with binary combinations of these subpopulations at stationary phases. The initial interaction time showed major effects on the combination assays, as demonstrated by the significant increase in the infection rate at 5 h. Based on the endocytic index (EI), Thor10 (EI = 563.6) and Thor03 (EI = 497) showed a higher infection load compared to Thor22 (EI = 227.3). However, the EI decreased in Thor03 after 48 h (EI = 447) and 72 h (EI = 388.3) of infection, and showed changes in the infection level in all Thor10/Thor22 combinations. Assays with CellTrace CFSE-labelled Thor22 promastigotes indicated an increase (~1.5 fold) in infection by this subpopulation in the presence of Thor10 when compared to the infection profile of Thor03/Thor22 combinations in the same proportions. In addition, the potential of these subpopulations, alone or in binary combinations, to modulate the expression of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in vitro was investigated. Lower NO and tumour necrosis factor-α production levels were observed for all Thor10/Thor22 combinations at 24 h compared to these subpopulations alone. In contrast, Thor03/Thor22 combination assays increased IL-10 production at this time. Collectively, these results provide in vitro evidence on the potential of L. (V.) braziliensis population structure to play a relevant role in a host infection by this parasite.