bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using wearables to promote physical activity in old age
Authors: Schmidt Laura I. , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Depenbusch Johanna , Gabrian Martina , Sieverding Monika , Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Wearables provide new opportunities to promote physical activity also among older adults but data on effectiveness and user friendliness are rare.

Objective
The effects of a comprehensive self-regulative intervention on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and number of steps were examined using commercially available activity trackers. Acceptance regarding the devices was analysed in various domains.

Methods
In this study 80 older adults (mean = 67.03 years, standard deviation = 3.97 years; 59% women) wore a Fitbit Charge HR for 21 days including a baseline, a postintervention and a follow-up week. The intervention comprised feedback, goal setting and planning and 50% of the participants were additionally randomized to a role model component. Social cognitive predictors based on the health action process approach (HAPA) and user experience were assessed via questionnaires.

Results
The MVPA increased by an average of 19 min per week and steps by 1317 per day. An additional benefit of the role model component could be observed for MVPA. In the follow-up, the intervention effect was still significant for the number of steps, while MVPA dropped back to baseline. Multilevel models including HAPA variables explained small but significant amounts of variance in MVPA (8% within-person, 26% between-person) and steps (11% within-person, 12% between-person). User experience was rated as very high.

Conclusion
Providing an intervention based on established behavior change techniques and self-monitoring via wearables seems to be effective for increasing physical activity among older adults. The HAPA variables seem to play a limited role to explain activity levels. Acceptance of wearables can be expected to be high.
Gunnera tinctoria invasions increase, not decrease, earthworm abundance and diversity
Authors: Mantoani Maurício Cruz , Alhakami Fawzah Talal , Fearon Hannah , Gioria Margherita , Schmidt Olaf , Osborne Bruce Arthur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvasive plants often modify soil biotic communities through changes in soil physicochemical characteristics or the amount and/or quality of litter inputs. We assessed the impacts ofGunnera tinctoriainvasions on soil and the earthworm community, on Achill Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland. We compared replicated (n = 5) areas invaded byG. tinctoriawith uninvaded semi-natural grasslands, as well as with areas subjected to mechanical removal or herbicide treatment. Modifications in physiochemical properties included lower soil temperatures and higher soil pH during the summer in invaded areas, yet little effect on C and N stocks, or soil moisture. Marked differences in litter were observed, however, with invaded areas havingc.20-fold higher (above-ground) litter input than uninvaded ones, as well as lower C:N ratio (17 vs. 29). This was associated with a significantly higher overall abundance and biomass of earthworms in invaded plots (375 individuals m–2, 115 g biomass m–2), compared to the uninvaded control (130 individuals m–2, 45 g biomass m–2), with removal treatments having intermediate values. Earthworm communities comprised 10 species, typical for Irish grasslands, dominated by the common endogeic speciesAllolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea caliginosaandAporrectodea rosea. Both earthworm species richness and Shannon diversity were significantly higher in invaded areas, but only in spring samples. Based on this new information, plant invaders may increase the abundance and diversity of earthworms, mainly due to much larger litter inputs, increased soil pH and possibly lower soil temperatures in the summer.
Mutation testing in the wild: findings from GitHub
Authors: Sánchez Ana B. , Delgado-Pérez Pedro , Medina-Bulo Inmaculada , Segura Sergio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMutation testing exploits artificial faults to measure the adequacy of test suites and guide their improvement. It has become an extremely popular testing technique as evidenced by the vast literature, numerous tools, and research events on the topic. Previous survey papers have successfully compiled the state of research, its evolution, problems, and challenges. However, the use of mutation testing in practice is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we report the results of a thorough study on the use of mutation testing in GitHub projects. Specifically, we first performed a search for mutation testing tools, 127 in total, and we automatically searched the GitHub repositories including evidence of their use. Then, we focused on the top ten most widely used tools, based on the previous results, and manually revised and classified over 3.5K GitHub active repositories importing them. Among other findings, we observed a recent upturn in interest and activity, with Infection (PHP), PIT (Java) and Humbug (PHP) being the most widely used mutation tools in recent years. The predominant use of mutation testing is development, followed by teaching and learning, and research projects, although with significant differences among mutation tools found in the literature—less adopted and largely used in teaching and research—and those found in GitHub only—more popular and more widely used in development. Our work provides a new and encouraging perspective on the state of practice of mutation testing.
A hybrid hydrogel encapsulating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhances diabetic wound healing
Authors: Xu Hongjie , Wang Jingjing , Wu Di , Qin Dajiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic wound is a severe complication of diabetes. Stem cell is considered as a promising therapy for diabetic skin wounds. Hydrogel can supply niche for cells adhesion and survival to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapy, but the development of hydrogel with suitable properties remains a great challenge. Thus, our study was conducted to combine an optimized hydrogel with stem cell to improve complex diabetic wound treatment.MethodsThis study constructed a hydrogel with low toxicity and adjustable mechanical properties from gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), and encapsulated human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) to repair full-thickness diabetic wound.ResultsWe explored the relationship between mechanical stiffness and cell proliferation and differentiation potency, and found 10% GelMA hydrogel with an optimal stiffness improved hUMSCs adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potency maintenance in vitro. Assistant with optimized hydrogel encapsulating hUMSCs, diabetic wound healing process was greatly accelerated, including accelerated wound closure, inhibited secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, promoted vascular regeneration and collagen deposition after treatment of hUMSCs.ConclusionsThe optimized hydrogel encapsulating hUMSCs improved diabetic wound healing, and has a broad implication for the treatment of diabetic complication.
Post-seismic aggradation history of the West Coast, South Island, Aotearoa/New Zealand; dendrogeomorphological evidence and disaster recovery implications
Authors: Blagen J. R. , Davies T. R. H. , Wells A. , Norton D. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the active tectonic setting of Aotearoa/New Zealand, large earthquakes are a relatively frequent occurrence and pose particular threats to infrastructure and society in Westland, on the west coast of South Island. In order to better define the medium- and long-term (annual to decadal) implications of these threats, existing dendrochronological data were supplemented by several hundred tree-ring analyses from 14 hitherto unstudied living tree stands in five catchments; these were combined to compile a regional picture of the location, extent, and timing of major prehistoric reforestation episodes on the floodplains of the area. These episodes correspond well with known dates of large earthquakes in the area (ca. 1400, ca. 1620, 1717 and 1826 AD), and their extents are thus interpreted to reflect the sediment deliveries resulting from coseismic landsliding into mountain valleys, and their reworking by rivers to generate widespread avulsion, aggradation, floodplain inundation and forest death. This regional aggradation picture can underpin anticipation of, and planning for, the medium- to long-term societal impacts of future major West Coast earthquakes. The source location of the next major earthquake in the region is unknown, so any of the Westland floodplains could be affected by extensive, up to metre-scale river aggradation, together with avulsion and flooding, in its aftermath, and these could continue for decades. Re-establishment and maintenance of a functioning economy under these conditions will be challenging because roads, settlements and agriculture are mostly located on the floodplains. The differences in floodplain vegetation between prehistoric and future episodes will affect the rapidity and distribution of aggradation; response and recovery planning will need to consider this, together with the impacts of climate changes on river flows.
A Systematic Review on Mediation Studies of Self-Compassion and Physical Health Outcomes in Non-Clinical Adult Populations
Authors: Cha Jane E. , Boggiss Anna L. , Serlachius Anna S. , Cavadino Alana , Kirby James N. , Consedine Nathan S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Growing research indicates that self-compassion is associated with key physical health outcomes in non-clinical adult populations. This systematic review was designed to characterize the mediators linking self-compassion to physical health outcomes, evaluate study quality and theoretical evidence, compare findings to the mental health literature, and provide directions for future research.

Methods
We searched Embase, Medline, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, AMED, and Web of Science for relevant articles (including the inclusion of formal statistical mediation tests) from 2003 to February 2022. Study quality was assessed with Downs and Black Checklist for Measuring Quality and Mediation Quality Checklist tools.

Results
We screened 6439 articles for title and abstracts, assessed 101 full texts for eligibility, and included 20 relevant articles. A range of mediators were categorized as testing psychological or behavioral factors. Perceived stress (n = 5), emotion regulation (n = 5), negative affect (n = 3), and coping strategies (n = 3) were the most frequently assessed mediators. In general, self-compassion had a significant indirect effect on physical health via negative affect and perceived stress (in the absence of overlapping affective mediators). Findings for emotion regulation and coping strategies were mixed.

Conclusions
The mediational evidence linking self-compassion to physical health via psychological and behavioral factors remains underdeveloped and focused on the measures of affect and emotion regulation. Future studies need to broaden the scope of mediators to include other self-regulatory factors indicated by theory (e.g., motivational and physiological indices) and implement designs other than cross-sectional/correlational.

Protocol Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021241915.
Development of Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tools for Longitudinal Tracking of Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Using Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession
Authors: Park Sung-Jin , Chan Wan Ying , Ng Michael , Chung Yiu Cho , Chong Tze Tec , Bhakoo Kishore , Chan Joyce M. S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Identification of patients with high-risk asymptomatic carotid plaques remains a challenging but essential step in stroke prevention. Current selection criteria for intervention in carotid disease are still determined by symptomatology and degree of luminal stenosis. This strategy has been less effective in identifying the high-risk asymptomatic individual patients. Inflammation is the key factor that drives plaque instability causing clinical sequelae. Currently, there is no imaging tool in routine clinical practice to assess the inflammatory status within atherosclerotic plaques. Herein we describe the development of a novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategy to interrogate plaque inflammation, and hence its vulnerability in vivo, using dual-targeted iron particle-based probes and fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence, adding further prognostic information to luminal stenosis alone. A periarterial cuff was used to generate high-risk plaques at specific timepoints and location of the carotid artery in an apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse model. Using this platform, we demonstrated that in vivo dual-targeted iron particles with enhanced FISP can (i) target and characterise high-risk vulnerable plaques and (ii) quantitatively report and track the inflammatory activity within carotid plaques longitudinally. This molecular imaging tool may permit (i) accurate monitoring of the risk of carotid plaques and (ii) timely identification of high-risk asymptomatic patients for prophylactic carotid intervention, achieving early stroke prevention.
Emergent Collaboration in Social Purpose Games
Authors: Gilles Robert P. , Mallozzi Lina , Messalli Roberta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study a class of non-cooperative aggregative games—referred to as social purpose games—in which the payoffs depend separately on a player’s own strategy (individual benefits) and on a function of the strategy profile which is common to all players (social benefits) weighted by an individual benefit parameter. This structure allows for an asymmetric assessment of a common social benefit across players. We show that these games have a weighted potential, and we investigate its properties. We investigate the payoff structure and the uniqueness of Nash equilibria and social optima. Furthermore, following the literature on partial cooperation, we investigate the leadership of a single coalition of cooperators, while the rest of players act as non-cooperative followers. In particular, we show that social purpose games admit the emergence of a stable coalition of cooperators for the subclass of strict social purpose games. As a particular application, we study a standard formulation of the tragedy of the commons. We show that there emerges a single stable coalition of cooperators that curbs the over-exploitation of the common resource.
The impact of varying dextran oxidation levels on the inhibitory activity of a bacteriocin loaded injectable hydrogel
Authors: Flynn James , Culebras Mario , Collins Maurice N. , Hudson Sarah P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

In the design of injectable antimicrobial dextran-alginate hydrogels, the impact of dextran oxidation and its subsequent changes in molecular weight and the incorporation of glycol chitosan on (i) gel mechanical strength and (ii) the inhibitory profile of an encapsulated bacteriocin, nisin A, are explored. As the degree of oxidation increases, the weight average molecular mass of the dextran decreases, resulting in a reduction in elastic modulus of the gels made. Upon encapsulation of the bacteriocin nisin into the gels, varying the dextran mass/oxidation level allowed the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus to be controlled. Gels made with a higher molecular weight (less oxidised) dextran show a higher initial degree of inhibition while those made with a lower molecular weight (more oxidised) dextran exhibit a more sustained inhibition. Incorporating glycol chitosan into gels composed of dextran with higher masses significantly increased their storage modulus and the gels’ initial degree of inhibition.

Graphical abstract
Studying the Relation of the Residual Stresses in the Ballast Layer to the Elastic Wave Propagation
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Gerber Ulf , Liu Jianxing , Fischer Szabolcs 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring track construction or ballast bed maintenance, ballast layer compaction quality plays an essential role in the following track irregularity accumulation, its lifecycle, and maintenance costs. The ballast compaction process is characterized by its compaction and the accumulation of the stressed state. The elastic wave propagation methods are an effective way for the identification of the ballast bed compaction properties. The paper presents the theoretical and experimental studies of the ballast consolidation under the vibration loading of the sleeper. The practical laboratory study is given by the 1:2.5 scaled physical model of one sleeper and the corresponding ballast layer box. The measurements of ballast pressure and deformations under the vibration loading in the ballast layer and the photogrammetric recording of the ballast flow are carried out. The measurements demonstrate the accumulation of the residual stresses under the ballast layer. Furthermore, the measurements of elastic wave time of flight (ToF) using the shakers under the sleeper and acceleration sensors under the ballast show the substantial increase of the ToF velocities after the tamping process. Moreover, the distribution of the velocities along the sleeper is spatially inhomogeneous. The numeric simulation using the discrete element method (DEM) of the tamping and the testing processes proves the inhomogeneous wave propagation effect. The modeling shows that the main reason for the wave propagation inhomogeneity is the accumulated residual stress distribution and the minor one – the compaction density. Additionally, a method for identifying wave velocity spatial distribution is developed by wave tracing the inhomogeneous medium. The procedures allow ballast identification in the zones outside the shakers.
Measurement of heat flow through vacuum insulating glass part 2: measurement area separated from glass sheets with buffer plates
Authors: Kocer Cenk , Aronen Antti , Collins Richard , Asano Osamu , Ogiso Yumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis is the second of two papers concerning errors in the measurement of the thermal insulating properties of Vacuum Insulating Glass (VIG) due to non-uniformities in the heat flow due to the support pillars. Part 1 deals with the situation where the measurement area is in direct thermal contact with the glass sheets. This paper discusses how the non-uniformities and associated measurement errors can be reduced using thermally insulating buffer plates on each side of the specimen. A single parameter is developed that characterises the maximum error for measurement areas of all sizes. Values of this parameter are given for all practically relevant designs of the VIG and properties of the buffer plates. Methods are developed for selecting measurement conditions that lead to acceptable tradeoffs between reducing the errors associated with non-uniformities in the heat flow and errors due to heat flow through the edges of the specimen.
Food environments and gut microbiome health: availability of healthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco in a rural Oklahoma tribal community
Authors: Jervis Lori L. , Bray Laura A. , Cox Derrell W. , TallBull Gloria , Lowery Bryce C. , Spicer Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Prior research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiomes may contribute to elevated health risks among American Indians. Diet plays a key role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, yet suboptimal food environments within American Indian communities make obtaining nutritious food difficult.

Objective
This project characterizes the retail food environment within a rural tribal community, focused on the availability of foods that enhance the health and diversity of the gut microbiome, as well as products that reduce microbiome health (alcohol and tobacco).

Design
Audits were conducted of all retail stores that sell food within nine communities within the Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Jurisdictional Area in western Oklahoma.

Main measures
Freedman Grocery Store Survey.

Key results
Alcohol and tobacco were generally far more available in stores than foods that support a healthy gut microbiome, including fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grain bread. Out of the four store types identified in the study area, only supermarkets and small grocers offered a wide variety of healthy foods needed to support microbiota diversity. Supermarkets sold the greatest variety of healthy foods but could only be found in the larger communities. Convenience stores and dollar stores made up 75% of outlets in the study area and offered few options for maintaining microbiome health. Convenience stores provided the only food source in one-third of the communities. With the exception of small grocers, alcohol and tobacco products were widely stocked across all store types.

Conclusions
The retail food environment in the Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Jurisdictional Area offered limited opportunities for maintaining a healthy and diverse microbiome, particularly within smaller rural communities. Additional research is needed to explore the relationship between food environment, dietary intake, and microbiome composition. Interventions are called for to increase the availability of “microbe-friendly” foods (e.g., fresh produce, plant protein, fermented and high fiber foods) in stores.
Tungsten–humic substances complexation
Authors: Xu Zelin , Liu Xin , Peng Jincheng , Qu Chenchen , Chen Yifan , Zhang Ming , Liang Ding , Lei Ming , Tie Boqing , Du Huihui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTungsten (W) is an emerging contaminant whose environmental behaviors remain rather sketchy, narrow, and fragmentary. The mobility and fate of W in the aquatic environments may be influenced by naturally dissolved organic matter (DOM), nevertheless, no studies have addressed how W is bound to DOM. In this study, complexation behaviors and mechanisms of W(VI) with representative DOM, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), were examined by batch adsorption, spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) under environmentally-relevant conditions. A higher W(VI) binding was observed at a lower pH. Compared to HA, FA showed a higher W(VI) complexing capability owing to the presence of more carboxylic groups. As shown in ITC, the carboxylic–W interaction was an endothermic process and driven by entropy, whereas the phenolic–W association was exothermic and driven by both entropy and enthalpy. The redox-active moieties within HA/FA molecules could reduce W(VI) to lower valence states species, predominantly W(V). The presence of Ca2+ not only promoted W–HA/FA complexation but also hindered W(VI) reduction. All in all, the role of dissolved organic matter in the complexation of W(VI) in the aquatic environments merits close attention.
Graphical Abstract
The Australian Management of Protected Underwater Cultural Heritage Artifacts in Public and Private Custody
Authors: Viduka Andrew , Luckman Grant 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article briefly outlines underwater cultural heritage artifact management in Australia from an unregulated collecting environment in the 1940s–1960s to the increasingly regulated environment of the present. In 1993, in conjunction with new legislation, an amnesty was declared in order to inventory artifacts collected from now-protected historic shipwrecks that were in private hands. The amnesty period concluded with approximately 20,000 artifacts notified at a time when information was being stored in a range of formats and to different standards. Today, the Australian Government manages the possession, custody, and control of approximately 500,000 underwater cultural heritage artifacts, most of which are in collecting institutions, with one-tenth in public custody. This article highlights the contemporary legislative, policy, and administrative framework for the management of underwater cultural heritage artifacts in Australia, particularly those that remain in the possession of private individuals and are subject to trade.