bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of particle laden gravity currents using the light attenuation technique
Authors: Schneider Jean , Dossmann Yvan , Farges Olivier , Régnier Matthieu , de Richter Sébastien Kiesgen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An extensional use of the light attenuation technique is described to study the dynamics of particleladen flows. The method is validated against an analytical absorption/scattering model. It is then applied to particle laden gravity currents (PLGCs) and provides access to quantitative measurements of the particle mass fraction field. The influence of particle concentration on the turbulent dynamics of the flow and thefront velocity are evaluated and discussed. In all experiments heterogeneities in the particle distribution are measured, with the maximum particle concentration in the PLGC front and intermediate particle concentra-tion at the turbulent interface. The results highlight two regimes. In the dilute case, particles have no mea-surable impact on the turbulent structures observed inthe flow nor on the bulk velocity. Particle sedimentation occurs due to mixing between the carrier and surrounding fluids. In the dense case, turbulent structures strongly weaken and the bulk velocity of the PLGC quantitatively decreases as the effective flow viscosity grows.
Tuning the Properties of ZnxS1-x Nanoparticles by Controlling Reaction Conditions
Authors: Olumurewa Kayode 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, a modified synthesis method was deployed to obtain nanocrystalline zinc sulfide from zinc acetate. By utilizing the hydrothermal and sol gel method, the influence of: reaction time, solvent and temperature control were used to tune the properties of zinc sulfide. Our results showed that ZnS(B) (which was obtained by sol gel in water + hydrothermal) typified formation of increased sulfur vacancies while an increase in reaction time resulted in decreased sulfur vacancies. The introduction of chemical defects in ZnS(A) (which was obtained by sol gel in methanol + KOH) resulted in lower crystallite size. We observed that crystallinity improved with increased reaction time and utilization of water as solvent improved the crystallinity of the material as confirmed in ZnS(C) and ZnS(B). Furthermore, our result showed that reaction time influenced dislocation density of the material to a greater extent than type of solvent used. The crystallite size estimated by Scherer formula was in the range 1.35 nm – 18.64 nm while the band gap energy of the ZnS samples were calculated in the range 3.8 eV- 4.6 eV. Utilizing these novel syntheses methods can stimulate new directions in synthesizing ZnS crystals with options of choosing appropriate method for specific applications depending on properties to be traded off.
An online behavior change intervention to promote physical activity in adults with asma: study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oliveira Joice Mara , Marloh Manuela , Matias Thiago Sousa , Barbosa Graziele Besen , Freitas Patricia Duarte , Carvalho Celso Ricardo Fernandes , Furlanetto Karina Couto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBehavior change interventions have been the focus of recent studies, and the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of online interventions. However, no previous studies have investigated behavior change techniques to improve physical activity in adults with asthma through online intervention.MethodsThis double-blind clinical trial will investigate the effectiveness of an online behavior change intervention in increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with asthma, as well as in improving other clinical outcomes in short and medium terms. Patients with clinically stable moderate to severe asthma, who are physically inactive and do not have cardiovascular and/or osteoneuromuscular impairments will be randomized into control or intervention groups (23 in each). Both groups will carry out an online educational program (1 hour). Additionally, the intervention group will receive weekly individual online sessions for 12 weeks of motivation-based behavior change intervention to promote increase in physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior based on both self-determination theory and transtheoretical model. The intervention group will also receive an activity monitor with specific strategies related to it. Both groups will be reassessed immediately after the intervention and 6 months after that. The primary outcomes are physical activity and sedentary behavior, which will be objectively assessed by a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). Secondary outcomes are: Asthma Control Questionnaire, Incremental Step Test, Sit-To-Stand, Timed Up-and-Go, 4-Metre Gait Speed, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Actiwatch 2 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.DiscussionThe intervention is unprecedented and was carefully developed to joint most characteristics and techniques of both behavioral strategies (transtheoretical model and self-determination theory). Therefore, this intervention has potential to improve physical activity levels and asthma management, and reduce sedentary behavior. As a consequence, this novel intervention will improve global health in this population and support its use in clinical practice. The intervention will be carried out online with direct weekly contact with the therapist. Consequently, it has low implementation costs, might improve patient’s attendance and has the potential to be largely offered elsewhere.Trial registrationClinical Trials; NCT05241223; registered on January 22 2022; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05241223
Diagnostic performance of a high-spatial-resolution voxelwise analysis of neuromelanin-sensitive imaging in early-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Seong Minjung , Park Seongbeom , Sung Young H. , Kim Eung Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Quantitative assessments of neuromelanin (NM) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) to determine its abnormality have been conducted by measuring either the volume or contrast ratio (CR) of the SNpc. A recent study determined the regions in the SNpc that are significantly different between early-stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) patients and healthy controls (HCs) using a high spatial-resolution NM-MRI template, which enables a template-based voxelwise analysis to overcome the susceptibility of CR measurement to inter-rater discrepancy. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance, which has not reported, of the CRs between early-stage IPD patients and HCs using a NM-MRI template.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled early-stage IPD patients (n=50) and HCs (n=50) who underwent 0.8-mm isovoxel NM-MRI and dopamine-transporter PET as the standard of reference. A template-based voxelwise analysis revealed two regions in nigrosomes 1 and 2 (N1 and N2, respectively), with significant differences in each substantia nigra (SNpc) between IPD and HCs. The mean CR values of N1, N2, volume-weighted mean of N1 and N2 (N1+N2), and whole SNpc on each side were compared between IPD and HC using the independent t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. The diagnostic performance was compared in each region using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The mean CR values in the right N1 (0.149459 vs 0.194505), left N1 (0.133328 vs 0.169160), right N2 (0.230245 vs 0.278181), left N2 (0.235784 vs 0.314169), right N1+N2 (0.155322 vs 0.278143), left N1+N2 (0.140991 vs 0.276755), right whole SNpc (0.131397 vs 0.141422), and left whole SNpc (0.127099 vs 0.137873) significantly differed between IPD patients and HCs (all p < 0.001). The areas under the curve of the left N1+N2, right N1+N2, left N1, right N1, left N2, right N2, left whole SNpc, and right whole SNpc were 0.994 (sensitivity, 98.0%; specificity, 94.0%), 0.985, 0.804, 0.802, 0.777, 0.766, 0.632, and 0.606, respectively. Conclusion: Our NM-MRI template-based CR measurements revealed significant differences between early-stage IPD patients and HCs. The CR values of the left N1+N2 demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance.
The Effect of Financial Scarcity on Reinforcer Pathology: A Dyadic Developmental Examination
Authors: Crandall Amanda K. , Epstein Leonard H , Fillo Jennifer , Carfley Kevin , Fumerelle Eleanor , Temple Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated scarcity on the reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) and delay discounting (DD), which together create reinforcer pathology (RP), among parents and offspring. A stratified sample of 106 families (53 parent/child aged 7-10 dyads & 53 parent/adolescent aged 15-17 dyads), from high- and low-income households, visited our laboratory for three appointments. Each appointment included the experimental manipulation of financial gains and losses, and DD and RRV tasks. The results showed that regardless of food insecurity or condition, children had greater RP (β = 1.63, p < .001) than adolescents and parents. DD was largely unaffected by acute scarcity in any group, but families with food insecurity had greater DD (β = -0.09, p = .002) than food secure families. Food insecure parents with children responded to financial losses with an increase in RRVfood (β = -0.03, p = 0.011), while food secure parents and food insecure parents of adolescents did not significantly change their responding based on conditions. This study replicates findings that financial losses increase the RRVfood among adults with food insecurity and extends this literature by suggesting that this is strongest for parents of children.
Validity of a digital sepsis screening system combining the Manchester Triage System and a SIRS-based system for the detection of sepsis at triage in the emergency department
Authors: Dewitte Ken , Scheurwegs Elyne , Ierssel Sabrina Van , Jansens Hilde , Dams Karolien , Roelant Ella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and importanceDetection of sepsis in the emergency department (ED) should be done preferably during triage of the patients. The Manchester triage system (MTS) can be used to screen for sepsis. Objective To investigate the accuracy and validity of the MTS for detection of sepsis during triage in the ED and a combination of the MTS with a SIRS based digital sepsis screening system.DesignSingle center retrospective studySettings and participantsPatients presenting to an ED of a tertiary-care centre who received formal triage were included. (n=29766 patients). Outcome measures and analysisCalculated performance measures included sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and AUC for detection of sepsis. Main resultsA total of 189 (0.7%) subjects met the Sepsis-3 criteria, with 45 cases meeting the criteria for septic shock. The MTS had a low sensitivity of 47.6% (95% CI 40.3 to 55.0) for allocating sepsis patients to the correct triage category. However, specificity was high at 99.4% (95% CI 99.3 to 99.5). Combining the MTS and the SIRS-based screening tool showed an improved sensitivity of 64.0% (95% CI 56.7 to 70.9) and a specificity of 96.8% (95% CI 96.4 to 96.8).
Endothelial cell-derived exosomes promote nerve regeneration by boosting and maintaining repair-related phenotypes in Schwann cells
Authors: Huang Jinsheng , Zhang Geyi , Li Senrui , Chen Tailong , Wang Wengang , Chen Fei , Fang Mengyuan , Zhou Nan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Schwann cells respond to nerve injury by transforming into a cell phenotype that promotes repair. These repair Schwann cells provide the essential signals and spatial cues to encourage axonal regeneration and induce target reinnervation. Endothelial cells (ECs), another crucial component of nerve tissue, contribute to the formation of regenerative microenvironment. Therefore, the way to control these peculiar cells, amplify their supportive functions and prevent their deterioration could be remarkable for the treatment of injured peripheral nerves. As the vital information mediators in the nervous system, exosomes have been proposed to take a significant role in regulating regeneration.Results:In the present study, we collected exosomes from media of ECs. We demonstrated that exosomes derived from ECs possessed the favorable neuronal affinity both in vitro and in vivo. Further research indicated that EC-exosomes could boost and maintain repair-related phenotypes of Schwann cells, thereby enhancing axonal regeneration, myelination of regenerated axons and neurologically functional recovery of the injured nerve. We found some highly enriched miRNAs in EC-exosomes, including let-7f-5p, miR199-5p and miR-3074-5p by the sequencing of miRNAs. In addition, miRNA sequencing in EXO-treated Schwann cells and control Schwann cells indicated that EC-exosomes significantly up-regulated the expression of miR199-5p. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that EC-exosomes drove the conversion of Schwann cell phenotypes in a PI3K/AKT/PTEN-dependent manner.Conclusion:In conclusion, our research indicates that the internalization of EC-exosomes in Schwann cells can promote nerve regeneration by boosting and maintaining the repair-related phenotypes of Schwann cells. And the mechanism may be relevant to the regulation of miRNAs and activation of PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway.
Screening eaves of houses reduces indoor Anopheles density in rural, western Kenya
Authors: Abong'o Bernard , Gimnig John E. , Omoke Diana , Ochomo Eric , Walker Edward D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: Despite the scale-up of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, the bulk of malaria transmission in western Kenya still occurs indoors, late at night. House improvement is a potential long-term solution to further reduce malaria transmission in the region.Methods:We evaluated the impact of eave screening on mosquito densities in two rural villages in western Kenya. One hundred and twenty pairs of structurally similar, neighboring houses were used in the study. In each pair, one house was randomly selected to receive eave screening at the beginning of the study while the other remained unscreened until the end of the sampling period. Mosquito sampling was performed monthly by motorized aspiration method for four months. The collected mosquitoes were analyzed for species identification.Results: Compared to unscreened houses, significantly fewer femaleAn. funestus(RR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.29-0.55),An. gambiaeComplex (RR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.34-0.62) andCulexspecies (RR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.45-0.61) were collected in screened houses. No significant differences in the densities of the mosquitoes were detected in outdoor collections. Significantly fewerAn. funestuswere collected indoors from houses with painted walls (RR=0.05, 95%: 0.01-0.38) while cooking in the house was associated with significantly lower numbers ofAn. gambiaeComplex indoors (RR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79). Nearly all house owners (99.6%) wanted their houses permanently screened, including 97.7% that indicated a willingness to use their own resources. However, 99.2% required training on house screening. The cost of screening a sigle house was estimated at 6,162.38 (US$61.62).Conclusion: Simple house modification by eave screening has potential to reduce the indoor occurrence of bothAnophelesandCulexmosquito species. Community acceptance was very high although education and mobilization may be needed for community uptake of house modification for vector control. Intersectoral collaboration and favorable government policies on housing are important missing links towards the adoption of house improvements for malaria control.
Transobturator suture application for Paravaginal Repair. a new technique
Authors: Abdalhady Hamdy Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed , Gomaa Ihab Adel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis: Vaginal approach for paravaginal repair is technically a difficult operation so its use is limited. A new surgical technique is described in this study to apply sutures to the White line using Transobturator tape needle during Paravaginal repair in a safe and effective way. Method: this is a clinical trial 39 cases with paravaginal defect cystocele were enrolled in the study. Seven cases dropped from follow up and were excluded from the study leaving us with 32 cases. Operative time, blood loss, pop-Q were used to determine outcome of the procedure. Results: mean age for the study group was 34.28 years, parity was 2.53, 31.25% of the patients had associated midline defect. Mean blood loss was 89.12 ml. Mean Operative time for vaginal paravaginal repair was 20.65 minutes. As for POP-Q System points Aa, Ba, C significantly decreased in value after surgery Conclusion: Transobturator suture application for Paravaginal Repair offers a new approach for applying sutures to the white line easily and safely. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02735772. Registration date : 03/31/2016.
Percutaneous Sclerotherapy with OK-432 for Lymphocele after Pelvic or Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy: Preliminary Results
Authors: Kashiwagi Eiji , Ono Yusuke , Yano Hiroki , Kosai Shinya , Nagai Keisuke , Tanaka Kaisyu , Higashihara Daiki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Lymphoceles result from disruption of lymphatic vessels after pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Percutaneous catheter drainage with sclerotherapy can be performed for the treatment of lymphoceles. OK-432 has been used to treat for benign cysts, such as lymphangioma and ranula. Therefore, we aimed to report the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy using OK-432 for postoperative lymphoceles. This study retrospectively analyzed 16 patients who underwent sclerotherapy using OK-432 for postoperative pelvic and para-aortic lymphoceles between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2020. All the patients underwent percutaneous drainage before sclerotherapy. The indications for sclerotherapy were persistent drainage tube output of greater than 50 mL per day and recurrent lymphoceles after percutaneous drainage. If less than 20 mL per day was drained after sclerotherapy, the tube was removed. When the drainage tube output did not decrease to less than 20 mL per day after the first sclerotherapy, the second OK-432 injection was performed 1 week later. Technical success was defined as the completion of drainage and sclerotherapy procedures. Clinical success was defined as the resolution of the patient’s symptoms resulting from lymphoceles without surgical intervention. This study also evaluated the complications of sclerotherapy and their progress after sclerotherapy.Results: The mean initial lymphocele size and drainage duration after sclerotherapy were 616 mL and 7.1 days, respectively. The technical success rate and clinical success rate were 100% and 93%, respectively. Three patients were treated by two-session sclerotherapy. Minor complications were observed in eight patients, who presented with fever. A major complication was observed in one patient, who presented with a small bowel fistula. No recurrence of lymphoceles was observed during the mean follow-up period of 17 months. Conclusion: Sclerotherapy with OK-432 is an effective therapeutic method for postoperative lymphoceles.
Virtual Cloth Try-On Using Augmented Reality - Marker Based Approach
Authors: Joglekar Prajakta , Gohokar Vinaya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Virtual cloth Try-on is one of the biggest inventions took place in fashion industry which contributes to enhance user experience by allowing them to try out garments virtually without wearing it. Researchers are working on several technologies right from Image processing to Augmented reality (AR) to develop and deploy a stable, sustainable platform to enable virtual cloth try-on experience. In proposed system Augmented reality technique is used to create the same experience. With the help of OpenCV and Python programming, Marker based AR is designed for four types of 2D image garment datasets such as Dress, Top, Jeans and Skirt.
Comparative polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with renal insufficiency and in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis
Authors: SUROVOY Yury A. , BURKIN Maksim A. , GALVIDIS Inna A. , SOBOLEV Mikhail A. , RENDE Onur Can , TSARENKO Sergei V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess polymyxin B pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction and in patients, who require continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). The study enrolled 37 patients with sepsis, among whom 13 patients with glomerular filtration rate below 80 ml/min and 11 patients on CVVHD. For every patient 6–8 blood samples were collected during 12-hour dosage interval. Polymyxin B serum concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In sepsis patients with preserved renal function mean area under the curve over 24 hours (AUC0 − 24h) value reached 67.8 ± 9.8 mg*h/L, while in patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 80 ml/min mean AUC0 − 24h was 87 ± 5.8 mg*h/L. PMB PK in patients with renal insufficiency was characterized by significantly lower clearance (CL) compared to normal renal function group (2.1 ± 0.1 L/h vs 3.9 ± 0.4 L/h respectively). In patients on CVVHD mean AUC0 − 24h was 110.4 ± 10.3 mg*h/L, while CL reached 2 ± 0.23 L/h. Median recovery rate from dialysate constituted 22%. Simulation of different dosage regimens indicate fixed maintenance dose of 100 mg q12h is optimal for patients on CVVHD and no dosage increase is required. This study demonstrates decreased clearance of PMB in patients with renal insufficiency, which puts them at risk of toxicity. Therefore, patients with extremes of renal function might benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring. For patients with anuria, who require CVVHD, we suggest a fixed dose of 100 mg q12h.
Sleep disturbance as a transdiagnostic marker of psychiatric risk in children with neurodevelopmental risk genetic conditions
Authors: Chawner Samuel , Evans Alexandra , Williams Nigel , Owen Sir Michael , Hall Jeremy , Bree Marianne van den 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Children with rare neurodevelopmental genetic conditions (ND-GCs) are at high risk for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Sleep symptomatology may represent a transdiagnostic risk indicator within this patient group. Here we present data from 629 children with ND-GCs, recruited via the United Kingdom’s National Health Service medical genetic clinics. Sibling controls (183) were also invited to take part. Detailed assessments were conducted to characterise the sleep phenotype of children with ND-GCs in comparison to controls. Latent class analysis was conducted to derive subgroups of children with a ND-GC based on sleep symptomatology. Assessment of cognition and psychopathology allowed investigation of whether sleep phenotypic subgroup was associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes. We found that children with a ND-GC, when compared to control siblings, were at elevated risk of insomnia (ND-GC = 41% vs Controls = 17%, p < 0.001) and of experiencing at least one sleep symptom (ND-GC = 66% vs Controls = 39%, p < 0.001). Insomnia was reported to have an average onset of 2.8 years in children with a ND-GC, and impacted across multiple contexts. Children in subgroups linked to high sleep symptomatology were also at high risk of psychiatric outcomes (OR ranging from 2.0 to 21.5 depending on psychiatric condition). Our findings demonstrate that children at high genetic vulnerability for neuropsychiatric outcomes exhibit high rates of insomnia and sleep symptomatology. Sleep disruption has wide-ranging impacts on psychosocial function, and indexes those children at greater neuropsychiatric risk. Insomnia was found to on average onset in early childhood, highlighting the potential for early intervention strategies for psychiatric risk informed by sleep profile.