bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing Roles of the Dorsolateral and Dorsomedial Striatum in the Acquisition of Skilled Action Sequencing in Rats
Authors: Turner Karly M. , Svegborn Anna , Langguth Mia , McKenzie Colin , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: January 2022

The shift in control from dorsomedial to dorsolateral striatum during skill and habit formation has been well established, but whether striatal subregions orchestrate this shift cooperatively or competitively remains unclear. Cortical inputs have also been implicated in the shift toward automaticity, but it is unknown whether they mirror their downstream striatal targets across this transition. We addressed these questions using a five step heterogeneous action sequencing task in male rats that is optimally performed by automated chains of actions. By optimizing automatic habitual responding, we discovered that loss of function in the dorsomedial striatum accelerated sequence acquisition. In contrast, loss of function in the dorsolateral striatum impeded acquisition of sequencing, demonstrating functional opposition within the striatum. Unexpectedly, the mPFC was not involved; however, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was critical. These results shift current theories about striatal control of behavior to a model of competitive opposition, where the dorsomedial striatum interferes with the development of dorsolateral-striatum dependent behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide the most direct evidence to date that the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum compete for control in the acquisition of habitual action sequences. The dorsolateral striatum was critical for sequencing behavior, but loss of dorsomedial striatum function enhanced acquisition. In addition, we found that the mPFC was not required for the formation of automated actions. Using a task that optimizes habitual responding, we demonstrate that the arbitration of dorsomedial and dorsolateral control is not modulated by medial prefrontal cortical activity. However, we find evidence for the role of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in action sequencing. These results have implications for our understanding of how habits and skills form.
Left Motor δ Oscillations Reflect Asynchrony Detection in Multisensory Speech Perception
Authors: Biau Emmanuel , Schultz Benjamin G. , Gunter Thomas C. , Kotz Sonja A. 
Published: January 2022

During multisensory speech perception, slow δ oscillations (∼1–3 Hz) in the listener's brain synchronize with the speech signal, likely engaging in speech signal decomposition. Notable fluctuations in the speech amplitude envelope, resounding speaker prosody, temporally align with articulatory and body gestures and both provide complementary sensations that temporally structure speech. Further, δ oscillations in the left motor cortex seem to align with speech and musical beats, suggesting their possible role in the temporal structuring of (quasi)-rhythmic stimulation. We extended the role of δ oscillations to audiovisual asynchrony detection as a test case of the temporal analysis of multisensory prosody fluctuations in speech. We recorded Electroencephalograph (EEG) responses in an audiovisual asynchrony detection task while participants watched videos of a speaker. We filtered the speech signal to remove verbal content and examined how visual and auditory prosodic features temporally (mis-)align. Results confirm (1) that participants accurately detected audiovisual asynchrony, and (2) increased δ power in the left motor cortex in response to audiovisual asynchrony. The difference of δ power between asynchronous and synchronous conditions predicted behavioral performance, and (3) decreased δ-β coupling in the left motor cortex when listeners could not accurately map visual and auditory prosodies. Finally, both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence was altered when a speaker's face was degraded by a visual mask. Together, these findings suggest that motor δ oscillations support asynchrony detection of multisensory prosodic fluctuation in speech.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpeech perception is facilitated by regular prosodic fluctuations that temporally structure the auditory signal. Auditory speech processing involves the left motor cortex and associated δ oscillations. However, visual prosody (i.e., a speaker's body movements) complements auditory prosody, and it is unclear how the brain temporally analyses different prosodic features in multisensory speech perception. We combined an audiovisual asynchrony detection task with electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to investigate how δ oscillations support the temporal analysis of multisensory speech. Results confirmed that asynchrony detection of visual and auditory prosodies leads to increased δ power in left motor cortex and correlates with performance. We conclude that δ oscillations are invoked in an effort to resolve denoted temporal asynchrony in multisensory speech perception.
Solid-phase equilibria in the GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system and thermodynamic properties of compounds of the GeTe·mBi2Te3 homologous series
Authors: Alakbarova T.M. , Orujlu E.N. , Babanly D.M. , Imamaliyeva S.Z. , Babanly M.B. 
Published: January 2022

The GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system was investigated by XRD and EMF measurements of the reversible concentration cell of the type
(-) GeTe (solid) │glycerol +KCl │ Ge-Bi-Тe (solid) (+)
in the 300-450K temperature range. It was shown that, in the indicated temperature range, elementary tellurium forms tie lines with all telluride phases of the system. Equations for the temperature dependencies of EMF in all phase regions have been obtained from the data of EMF measurements, from which the partial thermodynamic functions of GeTe in alloys have been calculated. The partial molar functions of germanium in alloys were determined by combining obtained data with the thermodynamic functions of GeTe. Standard Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation, as well as the standard entropy of the GeBi2Te4, GeBi4Te7, GeBi6Te10 compounds and solid solutions based on Bi2Te3 have been calculated using these data, solid-phase equilibrium diagram of the GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system, and corresponding thermodynamic functions of Bi2Te3.
Reconstruction of Tradition and Religious Imagination in Early Apocryphal Writing
Authors: Ališauskas Vytautas 
Published: January 2022

Studies of the Christian apocrypha have paid relatively little attention to the authors' self-awareness and intentions. The authors of the Apocrypha often impersonate characters of the apostolic generation or write about events that could not have been known to them. This leads to the suspicion that they are deliberately trying to manipulate the reader by directly deceiving him. In contemporary scholarship, apocryphal literature is often described as "forgery". We believe that in many cases this is not an accurate characterisation. The aim of the authors was not manipulation, creating a power relationship of authority with the reader, but the reconstruction of tradition by responding to a new Sitz im Leben. The article emphasises the secondary, derivative character of apocryphal literature. The authors of the Apocrypha were convinced of the veracity of their texts because they systematically relied on sources that were reliable from their point of view: the future canonical gospels, the oral contents, often with folkloric features, theological topoi taken over from the previous generation. This made it possible to attribute their work to the apostles or their companions, since the belief of the time was that the work of the disciples could rightly be attributed to the teacher. It is very likely that some of the works reflect the experience of altered states of consciousness.
The Islands of Malta and Gozo in Greek and Roman History and Literature
Authors: Vella Horatio Caesar Roger 
Published: January 2022

Malta, Gozo and Comino, the Thrinacia of Homer and the Melitē, Phoebe and Lampas of Scylax, form an archipelago in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea inhabited by both Phoenicians and Greeks before the coming of the Romans to those islands. Many geographers mention them, but other authors refer to their importance as places of production of textiles and other natural goods like oil and honey. Of particular importance was the site of the temple of Juno and Hercules known to Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans as well as to Numidians. Malta and Gozo were also praised for their good harbors and stone. The Grand Harbour itself served as an important Byzantine base with its tower and inner harbour, both places bearing Greek names. Malta was converted to Christianity in AD 60 following St Paul’s shipwreck there, where he spent three winter months. The aim of this article is to scrutinize the information about Malta and Gozo in numerous Greek, Roman and Christian sources.
Separation of ampicillin on polar-endcapped phase: Development of the HPLC method to achieve its correct dosage in cardiac surgery
Authors: Kubickova Vendula , Racova Zuzana , Strojil Jan , Santavy Petr , Urbanek Karel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe accurate, simple, and selective reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been established and validated for the determination of an antibiotic ampicillin (AMP) in human blood plasma. The SPE extraction was used for the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was accomplished by a mobile phase containing 15 mM monopotassium phosphate solution of pH 3.3 and methanol (75:25, v/v) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.4 mL min−1 at 30 °C. The separation was evaluated on a column with a new polar-endcapped C18 stationary phase Arion® Polar C18 or well-known phase Luna® Omega Polar C18. Excellent linearity (R2 0.9998) was shown over range 10–300 mg L−1 with mean percentage recovery 90%. Peak shapes were symmetrical in both columns, Arion® Polar C18 and Luna® Omega Polar C18, with asymmetry factor of 1.0 and 1.4, tailing factor of 1.0 and 1.2, and retention factor of 4.6 and 5.6, respectively. The Arion® Polar C18 was almost 1.4-fold more effective than Luna® Omega Polar C18 phase. The LOQ for ampicillin was achieved 10 mg L−1 for Luna® Omega Polar C18 and 5 mg L−1 for Arion® Polar C18 using 20 µL of a solution containing 0.24 mg mL−1 of cephalexin as an internal standard.A number of articles dealing with the determination of ampicillin is limited, therefore, this study showed the HPLC method suitable for the determination of AMP in human blood plasma from patient who underwent elective cardiac surgical revascularization. In addition, the determination of AMP was also performed for the first time using an Arion® Polar C18 column, which effectively separated AMP from other compounds present in human blood plasma. This new polar-endcapped phase can help in separation of polar antibiotics or other polar compounds, which are unsuccessfully separated on conventional C18 column, and thus can help during method development.
ABORDAGENS METODOLÓGICAS DA PESQUISA EM BRANDING NO CAMPO DO TURISMO: análise das produções científicas (teses e dissertações) no Brasil
Authors: De Castro Seabra Anderson Leonardo , Fernandes Ferreira Lissa Valeria 
Published: January 2022

Este estudo analisa a produção científica das pesquisas em Branding no campo do turismo, a partir de teses e dissertações publicadas no Brasil, para identificar as suas principais características quanto a metodologia. Do exame de 39 trabalhos no banco de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) foi possível conhecer e enquadrar as abordagens metodológicas adotadas pelos pesquisadores nesse específico campo. Entre os principais resultados: foi identificado a hegemonia da postura epistêmica empírico-analítica na fundamentação dos estudos; o uso de métodos essencialmente positivistas; a primazia de abordagens qualitativas, e, de caráter exploratório; e a adoção indiscriminada da estratégia do estudo de caso (único) combinado a outros delineamentos. Conclui-se que as pesquisas em Branding no turismo têm seguido uma agenda de pesquisa positivista, essencialmente empírica, e, pouco reflexiva. Espera-se que estimule a discussão sobre novas e distintas possibilidades metodológicas para esse campo específico de pesquisa, bem como a extensão para outros estudos que ampliem a compreensão sobre seus modos de investigação.
CORPO FUNCIONAL DOS BANCOS BRASILEIROS: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS CONTRATAÇÕES
Authors: Besen Maria Suelen , Demarche Minatti Ferreira Denize , Rodrigues Machado de Araujo Alessandra 
Published: January 2022

O estudo analisa por meio dos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade, a participação de estagiários, menores aprendizes, portadores de necessidades especiais e mulheres na composição do corpo funcional do setor bancário brasileiro no período de 2013 a 2017. Utilizou-se do modelo metodológico de Nascimento, Ferreira e Ferreira (2014), para avaliar osRelatórios de Sustentabilidade dos seis maiores bancos pela listagem das instituições detentoras dos maiores patrimônios líquidos segundo o Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN). A coleta dos dados foi bibliográfica e documental por meio dos relatórios do período selecionado, acessíveis nos websites das instituições. Os resultados corroboram Nascimento, Ferreira e Ferreira (2014), onde prevalece o não cumprimento da legislação. Tal fato ocorre em todas os bancos, relativo aosmenores aprendizes e portadores de necessidades especiais; já quanto ao número de estagiários, as instituições cumprem com a Lei. Em relação às mulheres, o número ainda é inferior ao de homens, apesar de significativo.
Covid tongue: A new indicator of COVID-19 infection-A case report
Authors: Najmuddin Mohammed , Almishy Halima , Alhazmi Zainab , Jundus Asayil , Gharawi Mafaz , Safeena  
Published: January 2022

Handful cases of anonymous viral pneumonia were registered in China in December 2019. The pathogen, a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), was isolated from infected patient’s lower respiratory tract samples, and was referred to as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).So far, insufficient importance has been given to the prevalence of fungal infections in patients infected with COVID-19 who may experience lymphocytopaenia, hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU), broad-spectrum antibiotic and corticosteroid usage, intubation, cytokine storms, and possessing chronic illness which make them seriously immunocompromised.Here, we present a case associated with oral lesions manifested by this virus.
A comparative study of social inequalities in education as an effect of Covid-19 pandemic: A case of schools in Saudi Arabia and Kenya
Authors: Siambi James 
Published: January 2022

The Coronavirus epidemic is a major source of concern for global education systems and their ability to provide equity in education. Hundreds of countries closed schools during the Covid-19 in its first year to contain the mass spread of the virus. Over one billion students were denied an education as a result of Covid-19 school closures. This study compares the social inequalities experienced in schools in Kenya and Saudi Arabia following the outbreak of Covid-19. An extensive questionnaire on data collection methods was completed by educators, learners, and parents from public schools in these two countries. The statistics were calculated using the SPSS program while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Covid-19 had a significant impact on the time used for learning, the content learned, and the quality of learning that was experienced in the sampled countries. The findings show that during the Coronary Syndrome outbreak, many learners and educators relied on technology to access continuing education. Unfortunately, inadequate infrastructures such as lack of network availability, structure, and proper policies hampered virtual education and expanded the social inequality between learners of the two sampled countries. The findings of this study highlight the devastating impact Covid-19 had on the education sector: schools, educators, learners, and parents. In brief, the success of continuity in education depended on the government policymaking and implementation that geared towards equity in the provision of education.
Reticence to Speak English: Lived Experiences of the Teacher Education Students
Authors: Joy S. Jungco Shelly , Karyl P. Maligang Audrey , Malubay Lennie , Jane V. Esimos Mary 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived-experiences of the Teacher Education students of the Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines in terms of being reticent to speak English. Specifically, the study explored the following research questions: what are the lived- experiences of students in terms of being reticent to speak English? and what insights and meaning to Teacher Education students’ reticence to speak English may be revealed by their lived experiences? This study used the qualitative research design, particularly the phenomenological research approach. Themes and eidetic insights were established to describe the lived experiences of the students and the recommendations were also made by the researcher. The themes presented in this study were: (1) Low proficiency in the target language. (2) Silence as an innate characteristic. (3) Unwillingness to communicate due to shyness and fears. (4) A need for a formation of a speaking habit. (5) Reluctant to speak due to difficulty in pronunciation. (6) A need for focus and memory exercise. (7) A need for wait-time to speak their minds. (8) Perceived reticence in the classroom: a need for proper conditioning. It can be noted that students’ reticence to speak English were due to the following reasons: low level of English proficiency, shyness, fears, pronunciation difficulty, poor speaking habit, poor memory, innate characteristic, and poor focus. However, there exists an eidetic insight that the students’ reticence can be reduced by means of teacher’s strategies and use of classroom activities to develop their oral fluency and participation.
Impact of Game-Based and Think-Pair-Share Pedagogies on Teacher Trainees’ Performance in Science
Authors: Parker Joseph 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of game-based and think-pair-share pedagogies on teacher trainees’ performance in science. This study adopted an action research design. The study was carried out in Enchi College of Education in the Western North Region of Ghana. Stratified, simple random and systematic sampling techniques were used to select 80 respondents (40 males and 40 females) for the study. The instruments used for the data collection were test. The findings of the study revealed that, the mean value of post-test and pre-test results level 100 respondents exposed to game-based pedagogy differ significantly. The findings of the study again revealed that, the mean value of post-test and pre-test results level 100 respondents exposed to think-pair-share pedagogy differ significantly. This implies that, the game-based pedagogy and think-pair-share pedagogy had impact on teacher trainees’ performance in science. It was therefore recommended that creative approaches such as game-based pedagogy and think-pair-share pedagogy should be adopted by science tutors in Enchi College of Education for effective teaching and learning of science.
Influence of Professional Commitment and Organizational Climate on the Work Engagement of Employees in the Department of Education
Authors: Sanchez Ofelia 
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this study was to determine whether work engagement mediates the relationship between professional commitment and organizational climate. The study employed a quantitative, non-experimental design using a correlational technique. The respondents were the public school non-teaching personnel of the Davao de Oro Division. Mean, Pearson-r, and Regression Analysis were used to determine the study's findings. Moreover, adapted survey questionnaires were used for professional commitment, organizational climate, and work engagement. Results revealed that the level of professional commitment is very high, the level of organizational climate is very high, and the level of work engagement among non-teaching personnel is very high. Further, there were significant relationships between professional commitment and work engagement and between organizational climate and work engagement. In its singular capacity, among professional commitment and organizational climate, organizational climate best influences the work engagement having the highest beta coefficient. However, professional commitment can also influence the working competence but with the support of other variables.
THE EFFECT OF MEDIA CD INTERACTIVE ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF ENGLISH OF EARLY CHILDHOOD AND CHILDREN’S ATTENTION AT THE CLASS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS IN THE MUTIARA HARAPAN OF ISLAMIC PONDOK AREN TANGERANG
Authors: Ariesta Eliza 
Published: January 2022

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-8e38edf6-7fff-0462-352f-ad50747386c2"><span>This study aims to determine the effect the use of Media CD Interactive on the improvement of English vocabulary of early childhood and children's attention in the classroom in English lesson at Mutiara Harapan Islamic Kindergarten, Pondok Aren Tangerang. This research is a quantitative study using experimental research methods through classroom observation and written tests. The subjects of this study were group ‘A’ students as the experimental class by comparing the learning methods before the experiment implemented, which was the method of using Flashcard media to improve children's English vocabulary and puppet shows to increase children's attention in class.</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-d3ad5412-7fff-4ef8-4e8c-a6bccace737e"><span>The type of statistics used in this study is to test the hypothesis of the Mean value of each dependent variable through the t-test. Through data processing that has been done, the experimental improvement of English vocabulary of children Interactive CD learning media has a better effect than the use of Flashcard and on the experiment of increasing children's attention in the class using media CD Interactive also has a better effect than the use of puppet show. This is evidenced by the Mean value of the use of media CD Interactive is greater than the use of previous learning media.</span></span></p><p><span><span><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak</strong>: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media CD Interaktif terhadap peningkatan kosakata bahasa inggris anak usia dini dan perhatian anak di kelas pada pelajaran bahasa inggris di TK Mutiara Harapan Islamic, Pondok Aren Tangerang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen melalui observasi kelas, tes tertulis. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswa kelompok A sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan membandingkan metode pembelajaran sebelum dilakukan eksperimen yaitu metode penggunaan media <em>Flashcard</em> untuk meningkatkan kosakata bahasa inggris anak dan <em>puppet show</em> untuk meningkatkan perhatian anak di kelas. Jenis statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menguji hipotesa nilai Mean dari masing variabel terikat melalui Uji t. Melalui olah data yang telah dilakukan, pada eksperimen peningkatan kosakata bahasa inggris anak media pembelajaran CD Interaktif berpengaruh lebih baik daripada penggunaan media pembelajaran <em>Flashcard</em> dan pada eksperimen peningkatan perhatian anak di kelas media CD Interaktif juga berpengaruh lebih baik daripada penggunaan media <em>puppet show</em>. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai Mean dari penggunaan media CD Interaktif lebih besar daripada penggunaan media pembelajaran sebelumnya.</span></span></p>