bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compositional account of counterfactual conditional clauses in Old Japanese
Authors: Sano Kyoko 
Published: May 2022

The paper is concerned with tenselessness of the past tense morpheme in counterfactuals. The question is twofold. One is why is it the past tense that marks counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000, Ogihara 2000), which indicates anteriority. Another question is why the past tense is tenseless (or “fake tense”) in the counterfactuals. The previous theories (past tense as modal and past tense as exclusive operator) have not offered answers to these questions. In this paper, I argue that the conditional clauses originate in temporal adverbial clauses, and therefore it is only natural for the conditionals to be represented by temporal abstracts (Stump 1985). Second, I argue that the temporal abstracts are intensionalized in conditionals and causatives. This assumption not only provides a compositional analysis for the conditional, causal, and temporal adverbial clauses but also explains the reason why a proposition in the past tense can denote anteriority in the extensional context but counterfactuality (a temporal interval in the possible world) in the intensional context. I support my proposal by presenting data of counterfactuals from Old Japanese. The previous studies show the past tense morpheme is essential to counterfactual interpretation cross-linguistically (Karawani 2014) but I show that it is not a necessity, as counterfactual interpretation originates in the temporal abstract represented by the temporal adverbial clauses. I present four types of temporal clauses from which the counterfactual can be formed: at the time when, whenever (always when), in the circumstance/event that, and and then. All these temporal clauses can be intensionalized to be conditional or causal clauses under a modal operator.
Tuvan <em>-daa</em> in quantificational noun phrases: Existential or universal?
Authors: Kirby Ian L. 
Published: May 2022

This paper characterizes the main functions of the Tuvan particle -daa and proposes a semantic analysis, focusing on its role in Quantificational NPs (QNPs), specifically its role in forming Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) and universal quantifiers. It is argued that Tuvan -daa QNPs are underlyingly existentials, with these two main readings being derived from recursive exhaustification of the host's alternatives.
Study of the Mass-loss Rate from the Sun
Authors: Michalek Grzegorz , Gopalswamy Nat , Yashiro Seiji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the temporal evolution of the yearly total mass-loss rate (YTMLR) from the Sun through coronal mass ejections (CMEs) over solar cycles 23 and 24. The mass determination of CMEs can be subject to significant uncertainty. To minimize this problem, we have used extensive statistical analysis. For this purpose, we employed data included in the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) catalog. We estimated the contributions to mass loss from the Sun from different subsamples of CMEs (selected on the basis of their masses, angular widths, and position angles). The temporal variations of the YTMLR were compared to those of the sunspot number (SSN), X-ray flare flux, and the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index. We show that the CME mass included in the CDAW catalog reflects with high accuracy the actual mass-loss rate from the Sun through CMEs. Additionally, it is shown that the CME mass distribution in the log-lin representation reflects the Gaussian distribution very well. This means that the CMEs included in the CDAW catalog form one coherent population of ejections that have been correctly identified. Unlike the CME occurrence rate, it turns out that the YTMLR is a very good indicator of solar activity (e.g., SSN) and space weather (e.g., Dst index) consequences. These results are very important, since the YTMLR, unlike the mass loss through solar wind, significantly depends on solar cycles.
New Solar Flare Calcium Abundances with No Surprises: Results from the Solar Maximum Mission Bent Crystal Spectrometer
Authors: Sylwester J. , Sylwester B. , Phillips K. J. H. , Kępa A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The calcium abundance in flare plasmas is estimated using X-ray spectra from the Solar Maximum Mission Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) during the decays of 194 flares (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, GOES, classifications from B6.4 to X13) occurring between 1980 and 1989. Previous work by Sylwester et al. found that the abundance varied from flare to flare. That analysis is improved on here using updated instrument parameters and by including all calcium lines viewed by the BCS instead of only the resonance line, so greatly enhancing the photon count statistics. The abundance variations are confirmed with the average abundance, A(Ca) (expressed logarithmically with A(H) = 12), equal to 6.77 ± 0.20 for 194 flares (141 of which are new in this study). This range corresponds to factors of between 1.7 and 7.2 larger than the photospheric abundance, and so our results are in line with a “first ionization potential” (FIP) effect whereby low-FIP elements like Ca (FIP = 6.11 eV) have enhanced coronal abundances. The Ca flare abundance is uncorrelated with solar activity indices, but weak correlations are suggested with GOES flare class and duration (larger A(Ca) for smaller and shorter flares). The ponderomotive force theory of Laming explaining the FIP effect gives a range of parameters within which our estimates of A(Ca) agree with the theory. However, this then gives rise to disagreements with previous estimates of the flare silicon and sulfur abundances, although those of argon and iron are in good agreement. Small adjustments of the theory may thus be necessary.
The NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku View of A3395 at the Intercluster Filament Interface
Authors: Tümer Ayşegül , Wik Daniel R. , Gaspari Massimo , Akamatsu Hiroki , Westergaard Niels J. , Tombesi Francesco , Ercan E. Nihal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Galaxy clusters are the largest virialized objects in the universe. Their merger dynamics and their interactions with the cosmic filaments that connect them are important for our understanding of the formation of large-scale structure. In addition, cosmic filaments are thought to possess the missing baryons in the universe. Studying the interaction of galaxy clusters and filaments therefore has the potential to unveil the origin of the baryons and the physical processes that occur during merger stages of galaxy clusters. In this paper, we study the connection between A3395 and the intercluster filament with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku data. Since the NuSTAR observation is moderately contaminated by scattered light, we present a novel technique developed for disentangling this background from the emission from the intracluster medium. We find that the interface of the cluster and the intercluster filament connecting A3395 and A3391 does not show any signs of heated plasma, as was previously thought. This interface has low temperature, high density, and low entropy, thus we suggest that the gas is cooling, being enhanced by the turbulent or tidal “weather” driven during the early stage of the merger. Furthermore, our temperature results from the NuSTAR data are in agreement with those from XMM-Newton and from joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton analysis for a region with ∼25% scattered light contamination within 1σ. We show that the temperature constraint of the intracluster medium is valid even when the data are contaminated up to ∼25% for ∼5 keV cluster emission.
Statistical Study of the Optimal Local Sources for Cosmic Ray Nuclei and Electrons
Authors: Luo Qing , Qiao Bing-qiang , Liu Wei , Cui Shu-wang , Guo Yi-qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Local sources, such as the Geminga supernova remnant (SNR), may have played an important role in the anomaly of protons, electrons, and anisotropy in past works. In fact, there exist 12 SNRs around the solar system within 1 kpc. One question is whether other SNRs also possibly contribute to the spectra of nuclei and electrons, and explain the special structure of the anisotropy. In this work, under spatial-dependent propagation, we systematically study the contribution of all local SNRs, within 1 kpc around the solar system, to the spectra of nuclei and electrons, as well as the energy dependence of the anisotropy. As a result, only the Geminga, the Monogem, and the Vela SNRs have quantitative contributions to the nuclei and electron spectra, and the anisotropy. Here, the Geminga SNR is the sole optimal candidate and the Monogem SNR is controversial due to the tension of the anisotropy between the model calculation and the observations. The Vela SNR contributes to a new spectral structure beyond TeV energy, hinted by the HESS, the VERITAS, the DAMPE, and the CALET measurements. More interestingly, the electron anisotropy satisfies the Fermi-LAT limit below TeV energy, but rises greatly and reaches 10% at several TeV. This novel structure will shed new light on verifying our model. We hope that the new structure of the electron spectrum and anisotropy can be observed by the spaceborne DAMPE and HERD, and the ground-based HAWC and LHAASO experiments in the near future.
Potential Habitability as a Stellar Property: Effects of Model Uncertainties and Measurement Precision
Authors: Tuchow Noah W. , Wright Jason T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of a star’s evolutionary history combined with estimates of planet occurrence rates allows one to infer whether a star would be a good target in a search for biosignatures, and to quantify this intuition using long-term habitability metrics. In this study, we analyze the sensitivity of the biosignature yield metrics formulated by Tuchow & Wright to uncertainties in observable stellar properties and to model uncertainties. We characterize the uncertainties present in fitting models to stellar observations by generating a stellar model with known properties and adding synthetic uncertainties in the observable properties. We scale the uncertainty in individual observables and observe the effects on the precision of properties such as stellar mass, age, and our metrics. To determine model uncertainties, we compare four well-accepted stellar models using different model physics and see how they vary in terms of the values of our metrics. We determine the ability of future missions to rank target stars according to these metrics, given the current precision to which host star properties can be measured. We show that obtaining independent age constraints decreases both the model and systematic uncertainties in determining these metrics and is the most powerful way to improve assessments of the long-term habitability of planets around low-mass stars.
Assessing ecosystem condition at the national level in Hungary - indicators, approaches, challenges
Authors: Tanács Eszter , Bede-Fazekas Ákos , Csecserits Anikó , Kisné Fodor Lívia , Pásztor László , Somodi Imelda , Standovár Tibor , Zlinszky András , Zsembery Zita , Vári Ágnes 
Published: May 2022

The availability of robust and reliable spatial information on ecosystem condition is of increasing importance in informing conservation policy. Recent policy requirements have sparked a renewed interest in conceptual questions related to ecosystem condition and practical aspects like indicator selection, resulting in the emergence of conceptual frameworks, such as the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) and its Ecosystem Condition Typology (ECT). However, while such frameworks are essential to ensure that condition assessments are comprehensive and comparable, large-scale practical implementation often poses challenges that need to be tackled within stringent time and cost frames.
We present methods and experiences of the national-level mapping and assessment of ecosystem condition in Hungary. The assessments covered the whole country, including all major ecosystem types present. The methodology constitutes four approaches of quantifying and mapping condition, based on different interpretations of naturalness and hemeroby, complemented by two more using properties that ‘overarch’ ecosystem types, such as soil and landscape attributes. In order to highlight their strengths and drawbacks, as well as to help reconcile aspects of conceptual relevance with practical limitations, we retrospectively evaluated the six mapping approaches (and the resulting indicators) against the indicator selection criteria suggested in the SEEA-EA. The results show that the various approaches have different strengths and weaknesses and, thus, their joint application has a higher potential to address the specific challenges related to large-scale ecosystem condition mapping.
Festive Spaces and Patriotic Sociabilities in the Letters of Rachel Charlotte Biggs and Helen Maria Williams
Authors: Page-Jones Kimberley , Léonard-Roques Véronique 
Published: May 2022

Cet article traite des écrits épistolaires de Helen Maria Williams et de Rachel Charlotte Biggs, deux voyageuses anglaises qui se sont rendues en France au cours de la Révolution française et sous la Terreur. L’analyse porte, à travers les représentations de l’espace des fêtes civiques, sur deux approches antithétiques des idéaux révolutionnaires : la première est constituée par les Letters Written from France (1790) et les Letters Containing a Sketch of the Politics of France (1795) de Williams, poétesse républicaine, et la seconde par A Residence in France (1796) de Biggs, pamphlétaire loyaliste. Comme Mona Ozouf et Lynn Hunt l’ont montré, lors des festivités révolutionnaires, le choix et l’aménagement des lieux et leur relation à la nature furent soigneusement pensés afin de susciter chez les participants des sentiments de fraternité et d’unité, comme pour donner forme à une nouvelle sociabilité, inclusive et organique. Influencées par certains modèles esthétiques comme par des théories physiologiques, les deux autrices se montrent aussi attentives aux festivités en elles-mêmes qu’aux effets que ces scènes de sociabilité provoquent sur les participants ou sur leurs lecteurs. D’ordre littéraire et sociologique, leurs témoignages sur le cadre matériel et l’esthétique des fêtes civiques constituent une analyse précieuse des liens sociaux noués lors des spectacles conçus sous la Révolution.
Developing and Pilot Testing E-Learning Training for Pediatric Nursing Burn Care
Authors: Farthing Julie , Le May Sylvie , Gauvin-Lepage Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

Background
Nurses caring for pediatric patients who have burns need to be properly trained to provide optimal care. The aims of this pilot study were to (1) develop a pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training for novice nurses; (2) assess the feasibility and acceptability of this educational intervention; and (3) evaluate the preliminary effects of this intervention on novice nurses' knowledge of pediatric nursing burn care.

Method
A quasi-experimental, one-group, pre-test–posttest design was used.

Results

Feasibility was achieved because all of the participants completed the study. A significant difference was observed in the mean knowledge level of the novice nurses from before training to after training (87.7% ± 8.7% vs. 58.6% ± 14.5%;
p
< .001). The novice nurses' had a mean satisfaction of 95.5% after the intervention.

Conclusion

This new, evidence-based pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training appeared to be feasible. The novice nurses found it to be satisfactory, and it improved their knowledge regarding pediatric burn care.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(5):232–240.]
Existence of stationary vortex sheets for the 2D incompressible Euler equation
Authors: Cao Daomin , Qin Guolin , Zou Changjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe construct a new type of planar Euler flows with localized vorticity. Let
$\kappa _i\not =0$
,
$i=1,\ldots , m$
, be m arbitrarily fixed constants. For any given nondegenerate critical point
$\mathbf {x}_0=(x_{0,1},\ldots ,x_{0,m})$
of the Kirchhoff–Routh function defined on
$\Omega ^m$
corresponding to
$(\kappa _1,\ldots , \kappa _m)$
, we construct a family of stationary planar flows with vortex sheets that have large vorticity amplitude and concentrate on curves perturbed from small circles centered near
$x_{0,i}$
,
$i=1,\ldots ,m$
. The proof is accomplished via the implicit function theorem with suitable choice of function spaces.
A Caverna do Dragão: perpetuação e recrudescimento da prisão no sistema penitenciário federal
Authors: Santos Gabriel Cesar dos 
Published: May 2022

A banalização do conflito de competência da Lei 11.671/2008 e a jurisprudência formada por meio dos julgamentos desses incidentes contribuíram para a permanência indefinida de alguns presos em penitenciária federal de segurança supermáxima. O sofrimento decorrente dessa submissão acirra a crise no ambiente prisional, tornando-o mais propício a reações criminosas e recrudesce, assim, um novo ciclo de violações com consequências impensáveis. Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir essa configuração do sistema e suas contradições, tendo em vista as violações de direitos a que dão margem. Para isso, lança mão de elementos disponíveis em documentos oficiais e também alguns registros de experiência de campo, além de bibliografia disponível sobre o tema. O desenho animado Caverna do Dragão (Marvel Productions, TSR e Toei Animation, 1983-1985) aqui é utilizado como alegoria para ilustrar a fracassada jornada dessas pessoas em sair do regime federal que deveria ser provisório e excepcional. A lógica aparentemente paradoxal do sistema se afina com uma tendência crescente ao punitivismo, revelando-se como uma máxima expressão do direito penal do inimigo no Estado brasileiro.
geointeligencia como generador de ventaja competitiva en el sector comercio del área metropolitana de monterrey.
Authors: Figueroa Garza Federico Guadalupe , Araiza Vazquez María de Jesús 
Published: May 2022

Este artículo examina los efectos de la geointeligencia y la capacidad de absorción (CA) en el desempeño de la empresa. El marco teórico se basa en vista basada en conocimiento (VBC). Además, se realizó un análisis de 128 empresas del sector comercio con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados muestran que la capacidad de utilizar la geointeligencia impulsa el rendimiento de la empresa y respalda el proceso de CA en la empresa.
Abstract
This article examines how geointelligence affects the absorption capacity (AC) of a company’s performance. The theoretical framework is supported by the Knowledge Based Approach (KBA). In addition, 128 companies from the commercial or service sector were analyzed using structural equation models (SEM). Results show that the capacity for using geointelligence impulses a company's performance and supports AC processes.
METODOLOGÃA DEL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS APLICADA EN LA ENSEÃ‘ANZA DE LAS MATEMÃTICAS
Authors: Vera Velazquez Raquel 
Published: May 2022

El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) es una de las metodologÃ­as educativas que han tenido buena aceptaciÃ³n en instituciones educativas universitarias. Es un proceso activo de aprendizaje que funciona mediante la soluciÃ³n de problemas relacionados con la interacciÃ³n de los estudiantes y su entorno profesional. La esencia del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas consiste en identificar, describir, analizar y resolver tales problemas, lo cual se logra con ayuda del docente, desempeÃ±ando asÃ­ otro papel tanto el proceso de enseÃ±anza-aprendizaje como los estudiantes. Una forma en la que se ha incorporado recientemente esta metodologÃ­a en el salÃ³n de clases de las carreras de ingenierÃ­a ha sido mediante trabajos teÃ³ricos que los estudiantes discuten. Por ejemplo, discuten los resultados de un artÃ­culo cientÃ­fico reciente en particular, del cual deben analizar los planteamientos presentados y que estÃ¡n relacionados con los problemas analizados y resueltos en las clases de matemÃ¡tica. Los objetivos principales son implementar el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en las clases del Ã¡rea de matemÃ¡ticas como parte de las metodologÃ­as que los docentes tienen a su alcance e involucrar a los estudiantes en investigaciones de ciencia e ingenierÃ­as vinculadas a la Agropecuaria; la meta principal es que los estudiantes presenten sus resultados tanto en publicaciones de artÃ­culos, foros estudiantiles , en congresos nacionales y proyectos integradores de saber, como producto de la aplicaciÃ³n del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en el proceso de enseÃ±aza-aprendizaje.
Assessment of Lipid Profile among Sudanese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohamed Rania Ali Abdalla , Noor Bakri Yousif Mohammed , Ahmed Shamseldein Mohmed , Dafalla Abuagla M. , Mohammed Yousif abdelhameed , Modawe GadAllah Osman 
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health issue that is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found a link between uncontrolled diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with dyslipidaemia predicting glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), which could be a major contributor to type 2 diabetes complications and etiology.
Objectives: The objective of present study was estimate lipid profiles among control and uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.
Subjects and Methods: Analytical case control based study, One hundred twenty participate were included in study, 70 patients with DM as case group refer to Abuagala Center and difference follow up diabetic center and 50 non diabetic subjects taken as control group males and females their age between 20 to 80 years. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood HbA1c, and serum lipid parameters were measured by CobseC311 from Roche instrument. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22, which expressed as (mean±SD) with p.value.
Result:Among120 participant the levels of fasting blood glucose,blood HbA1c,and Triglyceridewereincreased significantly in T2DM (161.7±72.5mg/dl), (8.88±3.9 %), (121±61.9 mg/dl)when compare with control group(91.28±13.9), (5.7±0.50), (80±11.7) with P.value (0.000),while total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, and Low Density Lipoprotein were not significant different in T2DM when compared with control group. There was weak positive correlation between HbA1c with FBG, CHOL, LDL, and HDL (r = 0.207, P =0.089, r = 0.186, P =0.124, r = 0.167, P =0.168, r = 0.308, P =0.01) respectively, while TG hadweak negative correlation (r =- 0.146, P =0.228).
Conclusion: The results indicated to considerable increase in the lipid profile levels in type two diabetic patients when compared with healthy controls group which may lead to increase in coronary risk factors.