bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of triangular Au/Ag nanoparticle arrays with sub-10 nm nanogap controlled by flexible substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wu Jing , Wang Su , Fang Jinghuai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large-area ordered nanoparticle arrays have shown great potential as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The preparation methods of metal nanogap with width greater than 10 nm are relatively mature. In contrast, nanomanufacturing methods for sub-10 nm still face challenges in realizing controllable and reproducible features. Herein, a series of triangular Au/Ag nanoparticle arrays (noted as Au/Ag NPAs) with sub-10 nm gap were prepared by utilizing stress-induced local cracking and high expansion coefficient of flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The triangular tip-connected Au/Ag NPAs were firstly prepared by depositing Au and Ag films on home-made polystyrene (PS) templates, then gaps with precise size (3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, 9 nm and 11 nm) were achieved by controlling the temperature of flexible PDMS, and finally transferred to the silicon wafers using as SERS substrates. The results showed that when the prepared triangular Au/Ag NPAs with 3 nm nanogap were used as reliable SERS substrates, the relative standard deviation of Raman intensity at 621 cm−1 mode of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with concentration of 10–6 M was 2.3%, indicating excellent uniformity. The approach showed good controllability and repeatability for SERS analysis, exhibiting good application prospect in surface trace detection.
Particle momentum variation under interaction with wavepackets of finite spatial width
Authors: Bournelis Theodoros , Kominis Yannis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The single and collective particle interaction with spatially localized wavepackets is analytically and numerically studied. The role of the finite spatial width of the wavepacket on the momentum and energy variation of particles passing through the wavepacket is investigated. The range of validity of analytical results, based on a perturbative approach, is investigated and clearly defined. Strongly nonlinear effects are shown to qualitatively differentiate the collective particle dynamics, for larger interaction strengths. These effects are manifested through the complex dependency of averaged momentum variations on the initial particle momentum, as shown by dissecting a particle distribution in terms of partitioning the ensemble of particles with respect to their initial momentum. The results provide understanding on the relation between single and collective particle dynamics and the emerging of complexity for weak and strong particle interactions with localized wavepackets.
Influence of activator type and slag volume fraction on properties of alkali-activated slag pastes
Authors: Hajzler J , Jr V Bilek , Kotrla J , Kucharczykova B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alkali-activated systems belong to the group of alternative inorganic binders in which the binder properties are dictated by both the aluminosilicate precursor and alkaline activator. In this work, blast furnace slag and three different alkaline activators, namely sodium hydroxide, sodium water glass, and sodium carbonate, were selected. An innovative mixture design based on the same concentration of alkali (Na+) of 4 mol/dm3 for all activators and different volume fractions of slag in pastes, ranging from 0.44 to 0.54, was investigated by the flow table test, compressive and flexural strength test, and by a shrinkage test under autogenous conditions. Great differences for various activators for all investigated parameters were obtained. The highest fluidity, regardless of volume fraction of the slag, was observed for the water glass, originating from a greatly decreased yield stress compared to the two other activators. The type of activator and the volume fraction of the slag also played a crucial role in the development of shrinkage and strength.
Development of a compact and cost-effective PET detector module for a small-animal PET system with FESA ASIC
Authors: Wang M. , Wang Y. , Zhang X. , Song Z. , Zhou X. , Hu Y. , Zhou Y. , Wu B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the high cost and large channel number in positron
emission tomography (PET) systems, the integration level and cost
performance must be considered in the construction of commercial PET
systems. In this paper, a highly integrated readout electronic
system was designed and implemented based on a self-developed FESA
(Front End for SiPM Arrays) readout ASIC; a compact cost-effective
detector module with four lined up detector heads was built, and its
performance was evaluated. Each detector head consisted of a
24× 24 LYSO crystal array (each crystal element had
dimensions of 0.99 × 0.99 × 15 mm3), one end
coupling to an 8 × 8 silicon photomultiplier array (SiPM array
with dimensions of 3.2 × 3.2 mm2 each), and the other
end covered with a 1 mm thick light guide layer. Since the
front-end FESA readout chip employed a row-column summing circuit to
reduce the readout channels from 64 to 16, we tried a new depth
encoding method based on a single-end readout with the
structure. The test results showed that the average coincidence time
resolution (CTR), energy resolution, and depth of interaction (DOI)
resolution of the detector are 413 ps, 15.7%, and 5.2 mm,
respectively, while the crystal array in the detector head with
9-to-1 coupling can be clearly separated in the flood
image. Compared with the detector head without the depth encoding
ability, the clearness of the flood image was slightly decreased,
but the energy resolution and time performance remained the same. We
also implemented a central control board that connected all detector
modules via fiber connections. The data from the detector modules
could be collected over the connections, and the system central
clock could be precisely distributed; therefore, the compactness of
the electronics system was further enhanced.
Digital light processing (DLP) in tissue engineering: from promise to reality, and perspectives
Authors: Gong Jiaxing , Qian Ying , Lu Kejie , Zhu Ziyu , Siow Lixuen , Zhang Chaoying , Zhou Siyi , Gu Tianyi , Yin Jun , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming , Yang Huayong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue engineering technology provides a revolutionary strategy to completely restore the structure and function of damaged tissues or organs. Digital light processing (DLP), as a kind of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, has great advantages in printing resolution and efficiency, with low requirements for bioinks. This review introduces DLP-based printing and its development, as well as the manufacturing processes and printable materials. We also focus on tissue engineering products such as bone, tooth, cartilage, nerve, blood vessel, and so on. This review expounds on the difficulties and shortcomings of DLP printing technology in tissue engineering today. Perspectives are given on the current outlook on DLP-based 3D printing tissue engineering.
Entropic quantifier of spin–boson nonclassicality
Authors: Zhang Yue , Jing Boxuan , He Qiongyi , Luo Shunlong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spin systems interacting with boson environments are ubiquitous in nature. To what extent quantum states in such systems depart from classicality is becoming an increasingly important issue. Here, we study nonclassicality in systems involving the interaction between a spin and a boson mode. We introduce a simple and effective method for quantifying spin–boson nonclassicality in terms of the entropy excess between the classical and the quantum Tsallis entropy. The method can be naturally extended to more general systems. Fundamental properties of the nonclassicality quantifier are revealed, which render it reasonable for spin–boson states. Basic features are illustrated by a variety of typical spin–boson states. As applications, we further investigate spin–boson nonclassicality in the Dicke model, which sheds light on the normal-superradiant phase transition and quantum metrology.
Contact Lagrangian systems subject to impulsive constraints
Authors: Colombo Leonardo , de León Manuel , López-Gordón Asier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We describe geometrically contact Lagrangian systems under impulsive forces and constraints, as well as instantaneous nonholonomic constraints which are not uniform along the configuration space. In both situations, the vector field describing the dynamics of a contact Lagrangian system is determined by defining projectors to evaluate the constraints by using a Riemannian metric. In particular, we introduce the Herglotz equations for contact Lagrangian systems subject to instantaneous nonholonomic constraints. Moreover, we provide a Carnot-type theorem for contact Lagrangian systems subject to impulsive forces and constraints, which characterizes the changes of energy due to contact-type dissipation and impulsive forces. We illustrate the applicability of the method with practical examples, in particular, a rolling cylinder on a springily plane and a rolling sphere on a non-uniform plane, both with dissipation.
Removal of cyanide from wastewater using iron electrodes
Authors: Abdulla Aliaa Kareem , Jawad Sabrean Farhan , Thyab Rafah Mohammed , Najm Zainab Mohsen , Abood Emad Salaam , Kareem Mohanad Mousa , Mubarak Hayfaa A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cyanide is a toxic compound that is found in industrial wastewater, and it causes death for humans. Therefore, cyanide removal is essential to protect humans and the environment. The electrocoagulation method (ECM) was adopted in this study to remove cyanide from artificial wastewater samples. The ECM was adopted in this study because it is a cost-effective method with minimum use of chemicals, making it eco-friendly. The experiments were done in batch flow using iron electrodes (anode-cathode). The results show an increase in the current density from 2 to 10 mA.cm-2 increased the removal of cyanide by 48.8%. Similarly, the increase of the treatment time from 10 to 90 minutes increased the removal of cyanide by 71% at a current of 10 mA/cm-2. The summary of the results of this study showed that ECM is a good alternative for cyanide removal from wastewater.
Application of CCME Index to Assess the Water Quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Obaidy Abdul Hameed M.J , Khalaf S M , Hassan Fikrat M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monitoring the river’s water quality is important to predict the environmental risk. The Tigris River is Baghdad’s main source for living organisms, drinking water, and agro-industrial purposes. Three selected sites were carried out using different water quality parameters from July 2017 to April 2018 in the Tigris River in Baghdad. Fourteen water quality parameters: water temperatures, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved substances TDS, and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). According to CCME WQI analysis, the water quality of Tigris River water was Fair for aquatic life and Poor for drinking water
Non-Diatomic Diversity and Community Structure in Hoor-Al- Azime Marshes, Iran
Authors: Dehghan Simin , Dezhman Mehdi , Albueajee Alaa I , Hassan Fikrat M , Douabul Ali A Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to delineate diversity and species composition of non-diatoms planktonic algae in Hoor- Al- Azime marshes, Iran. The samples were collected from four sites at monthly basis from April 2011 to March 2012. A total 88 taxa were identified, out of which (40 taxa, 45.45%) belonging to Cyanophyta followed by Chlorophyta (29 taxa, 32.96%), Euglenophyta (18 taxa, 20.45%) and (1 taxa, 1.14%) of Dinophyta recorded. Comparing species richness (65 taxa, 34.76%) at Shat- Ali (St4) was the highest and the lowest (34 taxa, 18.18%) was observed at Rafi (St2). Species occurrence was associated with temperature where in summer (66 taxa) and (25 taxa) encountered winter. The phytoplankton density ranged from 51.04 ×103 cells/Liter in summer to 2.17 ×103 cells/Liter in winter for Cyanophyta and from 20.58 ×103 cells/Liter in summer to 2.92 ×103 cells/Liter in winter for Chlorophyta. St4 is characterized by the highest density 36.33×103 cells/Liter (43.96 %), while St2 recorded the lowest phytoplankton density 7.33×103 cells/Liter (8.93%). Euglenophyta and Dinophyta did not record a noticeable density during study period. This study document updated knowledge of non-diatom plankton diversity and seasonal oscillation an important wetland ecosystem.
Investigation the ability of pure and Al-doped graphene nano materials to detect toxic gases using first principle study
Authors: Al-Aaraji Noor Al-Huda , Yaseen Mohammed Ali , Madlol Hussien A. , Abbood Hamid I. , Abduljalil Hayder M. , Al-Seady Mohammed A. , Ahmed Eman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the density function theory (DFT) method was used to compute structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties for pure and aluminum (Al) doped graphene materials, 6-13G basis set and hybrid function B3LYP were used in the present study. The structural properties show that pure and Al-doped graphene materials have a plane surface, also all bond lengths are in agreement with experimental results. Energy gap calculation shows that pure and Al-doped graphene materials have having semiconductor nature. When hydro cyanide gas molecule will have interacted on the surface of pure and Al-doped graphene materials, properties belonging to the systems under study will change. The result shows that interaction of HCN gas molecule with Al-doped graphene material the surface will rise up, but in the pure system, the surface remains plane. Adsorption calculation shows that HCN gas molecule can interact with the surface of a system under study. high chemical adsorption appears at a distance 1 Å between the gas molecule and pure and Al-doped graphene materials. Increasing adsorption distance interaction strength will be decreased until reached 0.002 eV. Positive adsorption energy refers to the repulsion force between the gas molecule and the surface. Fourier transformation infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been used to point-free radicals for interacted systems. It is pointed to carbon groups such as C-C, C-H, C-N and C-Al, also results show that all wave numbers results are in agreement with previous reports. Appear cyanide radical is a sign of chemical adsorption between gas molecules and the surface of pure and Al-doped graphene materials.
Monitoring the Water Quality of Tigris River by Applied Overall Index of Pollution
Authors: Jabar Shaimaa Satar , Hassan Fikrat M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe alteration in the hydrological regime in Iraq and the anthropogenic increasing effect on water quality of a lotic ecosystems needs to continuous monitoring. This work is done to assess the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City. Five sites were selected along the river and ten physicochemical parameters and Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) were applied to assess the water quality for the period between November 2020 and May 2021, the studied period were divided into dry and wet seasons. These parameters were water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC). Results showed that the values of parameter indicated slightly polluted in terms of values of DO, BOD and EC in both wet and dry seasons. The findings of the present study showed the OIP values in wet season less than recoded in dry season at all sites. The OIP values ranged between class 2 and class 3 (Acceptable – Slightly polluted ). While sites 2 and 3 were recorded OIP values less the 2 in wet season. However, the variation in OIP- WQI value in five different areas are attributed to impact of different pollutants.
Comprehensive study of heavy metal pollution in surface water of Guntur region of Andra Pradesh
Authors: Mahdi Abdulwahhab Jasim , Ewadh Hind Mufeed , Satee Shamaa , Salman Jasim M. , Brahmaji Rao P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Water pollution is known of as the apperence of undesirable elements that are introduced into a natural water supply by human activity, changing its physical, chemical, or biological properties. The present study was conducted in the Guntur region of Andra Pradesh. The surface water samples were assembled from ten sample stations and analyzed for their heavy metal content by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The acquired values were also compared to permissible limits. Magnesium and lead were detected in the surface water collected from all 10 sample stations. However, June 2019 surface water collection showed significantly (p<0.001) amount of magnesium as compared to other seasons collections. Sample stations 2, 6, 7 and 8 showed maximum concentration (>0.2ppm) of lead during December 17, June 18, June 19 and June 18, respectively. Selenium was detected in the surface water collected during four intervals from all sample stations except sample station 7. Arsenic was detected in the surface water collected from sample stations 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9. However, maximum concentration of both the elements was detected in the surface water collected from sample station 3 as compared to remaining sample stations. The Bandarupalle sample station showed presence of copper, nickel, chromium, iron, manganese, cadmium, mercury and molybdenum. The Tadikonda sample station showed copper, nickel, chromium, zinc, iron, and mercury. Mangalagiri and Mutluru sample station showed copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, mercury and molybdenum in surface water which were found to be maximum polluted stations. The Chebrolu showed presence of all above elements except manganese. The Rompicherla and Guntur sample station surface water showed presence of all the above mentioned elements except copper and cadmium. Pedda Vadlapudi surface water detected nickel, chromium, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, and mercury. The Macherla showed presence of nickel, chromium, iron, cadmium, mercury and molybdenum. Acharya Nagarjuna University showed cobalt, nickel, chromium, iron, manganese, cadmium, and molybdenum in the surface water. Lead, arsenic, selenium, chromium and mercury were found to be above permissible limits in the surface water.
Some ecological impacts of eastern Euphrates drainage water on basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Subhi Imad Amer , Al-Adily Batool M. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iraq is one of counters that effected with climate change which meagre its effects is reduce water resource. Study the ability of using eastern Euphrates drainage water as a alternative water resource in the irrigation. Basil was used as an example to sensitive plants. it given a good growth under using drainage water by several biochemical adaptations including increased each of MDA, TAA, proline, GSH and ROS levels. The drainage water was not polluted with Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Pb which their concentrations were 0.001, 0.1837, 0.001, 0.1112 and, 0.0035 ppm respectively, and these concentrations are within Iraqi limits of irrigation, but with elevated concentrations of total hardness about 880 Mg/L. The current study explained that eastern Euphrates drainage water is not saline and can used in the irrigation of crops and it was not polluted with heavy metals.
Control of the light extraction from a photonic crystal nanocavity by coupling with a nanoparticle
Authors: Alabiad Abdullah F , Guichardaz Blandine E , Baida Fadi I 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a numerical study (using Finite Difference Times Domain (FDTD) method) of the coupling between two resonant structures with different quality factors of their resonances. The first is a Photonic Crystal Cavity (PCC) while the second is a dielectric Nano-Particle (NP). Both structures exhibit optical responses at the same wavelength, which allows a critical coupling between them. The objective of the study is to exploit this coupling to control the light extraction properties of the more resonant structure (the PCC). The challenge is then: first, to model such a near-field coupling through numerical method that can handle the entire structure (PCC+NA) and second, to get physical insight about the interaction allowing a good control of the light extraction. We numerically demonstrate that this coupling strongly depends on the spatial position of the NP relative to the PCC. We also show that the direction of the emission (into the substrate or superstrate) and its intensity can be adjusted by the NP position relative to the PCC. Quantitatively, the critical coupling corresponds to an NP-PCC distance of 120 nm leading to an increase by factor of 3 of the light radiated towards the far field. This is accompanied by a red shift of 0.53 nm of the cavity resonance. This study opens the way to the development of a new kind of sources with both ‘controllable’ wavelength resonance and radiation pattern.
Atomic-scale study of type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 surface
Authors: Casado Aguilar Pablo , Calleja Fabian , Kuo Chia-Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Ghosh Barun , Agarwal Amit , Politano Antonio , Vázquez de Parga Amadeo L , Miranda Rodolfo , Silva-Guillén Jose Angel , Garnica Manuela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dirac semimetals (DSM) host linear bulk bands and topologically protected surface states, giving rise to exotic and robust properties. Platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) belongs to this interesting group of topological materials. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with first-principles calculations to visualize and identify the native defects at the surface of a freshly cleaved PtTe2 crystal. Around these defects, short-wavelength electron density oscillations are observed. Fourier transform analysis of the energy-dependent quasiparticle interference patterns is in good agreement with our calculated joint density of states, demonstrating the singular properties of the surface of this type-II DSM. Our results evidence the power of STM in understanding the surface of topological materials.