bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Study the Correlation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test, Clinical COPD Questionnaire, and BODE Index in Patients of Stable COPD
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Goyal Amit , Pandhi Naveen 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment has emerged as one of the most important parts of COPD treatment. Therefore, a thorough assessment of symptoms is necessary rather than just a measure of dyspnea.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the disease severity and health status in stable patients of COPD using COPD assessment test (CAT), clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) scores, and BODE index and to correlate these indices.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 100 stable patients suffering from COPD attending outpatient department subjected to CAT, CCQ, and BODE index.

Results:
CAT and CCQ score correlated significantly (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and both with the BODE index (r = 0.68; CAT and r = 0.64; CCQ, P < 0.001). COPD severity status and BODE component and forced expiratory volume 1% (FEV1%)-predicted values correlated significantly with individual scores (r = −0.24, CAT; r = −0.41, CCQ; r = −0.72, BODE).

Conclusion:
An evident negative correlation of FEV1% predicted by CAT and CCQ among study subjects proved both questionnaires as sensitive, simple, and reliable tools not only for early recognition and assessing health status in COPD patients but also for planning appropriate treatment. The BODE index is more objective to assess the disease severity in COPD.
A Clinical and Bacteriological Study on Patients Presented with Acute Diarrhea Admitted in Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Cachar District, Assam
Authors: Roy Paramita , Sen Subhrendu Sekhar , Barman Pushpita 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Acute diarrheal infection is a leading cause of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and lost quality of life. It is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated 47.8 million cases occurring annually in the United States. According to NFHS-5, the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Assam is 5.5%.

Aims and Objective:
The aim of this work was to study the clinical and bacteriological spectrum in the recent outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Silchar Medical College and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with diarrhea admitted in the Medicine Department of Silchar Medical College and Hospital for the time period of January 2016 to March 2016.

Result:
In our study, a total of 327 patients were enrolled. The median age of patients was 36 years with the majority being female and belong to Hindu religion. All were presented with loose stool, followed by vomiting (85%). The most common pathogen isolated from stool was Escherichia coli (71.2%) followed by Klebsiella (16.2%). More than 50% of cases with E. coli infection are resistant to Piperacillin, Doxycycline, while in cases with Klebsiella infection, more than 50% are resistant to Doxycycline followed by Azithromycin.

Conclusion:
This study may provide valuable information about the clinical features and microbiology of patients with diarrheal diseases to the Medical practitioners which might help in diagnosis and management.
Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of General Population in India
Authors: Gara Himavathy Kodandarao , Vanamali Dharma Rao , Adhikarla Suryaveeramani Kartheek 
Published: April 2022

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to mental health. The perception of stress and its adaptation are determined by individual's risk perception and coping mechanisms.

Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the perceived stress and behavioral responses owing to COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The online survey recruited 621 respondents. The survey included (1) sociodemographic variables, (2) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10 item inventory, (3) four items on experience of stress, and (4) eight items on mental health-related lifestyle changes and societal support during the pandemic.

Results:
Out of 621, majority were females (54.1%) and belonged to the age group of 18–30 years (66.02%). Moderate perceived stress was observed in 67.1% of the respondents. The mean PSS scores were significantly higher among females, age group of 18–30 years, unmarried, educational qualification below undergraduation, and students. Higher perception of work and financial stress were present in 52.67% and 48.3%, respectively. Increased concern about family and vulnerability was confirmed by 89.05% and 54.59%, respectively. Increased work stress was negatively associated with attention toward mental health, emotional support, physical activity, and hobbies. Greater concern for family and vulnerability had showed positive association with attention toward mental health, emotional support, and protective behavior.

Conclusion:
In COVID-19 pandemic, females, younger age, and students had significantly higher stress perception. Work and financial stress were associated with maladaptive responses, whereas concern about family and feeling vulnerable were accompanied by positive adaptive responses. Thus, evaluating the cognitive and behavioral responses to stressors is imperative to quantify individual's stress perception during exposure to a stressful situation such as pandemic.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients Suffering from Chronic Respiratory Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital Using Gene Xpert as the Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Das Baishali , Raja Dina 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Chronic respiratory diseases constitute a grave problem throughout the world and particularly in the middle- and low-income countries. The burden of these diseases leads to poor quality of life and disability of affected individuals leading to premature deaths and a great economic loss to their families and society. Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest communicable diseases. Though culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the long period of time required for a positive result leads to the transmission of the disease in the community.

Objective:
The study was conducted to study the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases.

Materials and Methods:
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of patients with chronic respiratory diseases undergoing bronchoscopy were collected under aseptic conditions after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Each sample was subjected to Ziehl Neelsen stain and Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) on Xpert MTB/RIF manufactured by Cepheid (Sunnyvale, CA).

Results:
Eighteen of 110 cases (16.36%) showed the presence of M. tuberculosis in the samples, of which rifampicin resistance was detected in 2 (11.11%) cases.

Conclusions:

M. tuberculosis remains a common underlying pathogen in the cases of chronic respiratory diseases.
Early intervention with anti-fibrotic pirfenidone is effective than corticosteroids in preventing pulmonary fibrosis in severe COVID pneumonia patients
Authors: Tanvir Masood , Wagay Imran , Nisar Sobia , Ahmed Rabia Nazir , Maqbool Muzaffar , Kareem Ozaifa , Muzaffer Umar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made nearly 120 million people sick with more than 2 million dead. Many survivors of severe COVID-19 are experiencing post-COVID complications beyond 4 weeks from the disease onset. The decrease in lung function and pulmonary fibrosis are the serious manifestations of COVID-19. The burden of even a relatively mild fibrotic change could have considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly and those with comorbidities.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of early intervention with anti-fibrotic pirfenidone and corticosteroids in preventing pulmonary fibrosis in severe COVID pneumonia patients.

Methods:
This randomised open-label pilot trial was conducted was conducted at Government Medical College, Srinagar for evaluating the role of anti-fibrotic drugs in preventing post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, 60 patients with severe COVID-19 infection were screened and randomised into two groups, one receiving anti-fibrotic drug– pirfenidone (n = 17) and other receiving corticosteroids (n = 19). The study participants were evaluated at the baseline and after 6 ± 1 week using 6-min walk test, spirometry and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Results:
The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age of the pirfenidone and steroid group was 64.16 ± 11.36 and 67.19 ± 13.32 (P = 0.929), respectively. There were no significant differences in clinically relevant baseline characteristics at the time of enrolment in the two treatment groups. The initial CT severity score was 14.84 ± 4.031 and 14.81 ± 4.722 (P = 0.400) in pirfenidone and corticosteroids groups. The mean (±SD) baseline forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in pirfenidone and corticosteroid was 73.32 ± 18.10 and 71.71 ± 17.92 (P = 0.670), while FEV1/forced vital capacity was 95.89 ± 23.40 and 90.00 ± 21.09 (P = 0.920), respectively, between the two groups. The final fibrosis score was 115.52 ± 12.32 and 138.22 ± 43.90 (P = 0.004) in the pirfenidone and corticosteroids groups, respectively. At the 6th week, the proportion of patients who had died was less in the pirfenidone group as compared in the corticosteroid group (02 patients [11.76%] in the pirfenidone group vs. 08 patients [42.10%] P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic agent, has a better outcome than corticosteroids in preventing post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis without serious adverse effects. Our study concludes that early initiation of pirfenidone therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially those at higher risk like the elderly and those with co-morbidities has a better treatment and survival outcome compared to corticosteroids.
Haematological parameters in COVID-19 disease
Authors: Thakkar Himali Parsotambhai , Dayal Anupama Ishwer , Prajapati Vipul Bachubhai , Suri Sushil 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization. Various haematological parameters alteration has been documented in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is a need for research to evaluate the pattern of the haematological parameters of COVID-19 patients.

Aims:
The main aim of this study was to determine demographic characteristics, to study various haematological parameters and their relation with the outcome of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were included in the study. A prospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, for the period of 15 days (01 August 2020–15 August 2020). Patients were categorised according to severity, oxygen (O2) requirement and their the outcome. Haematological parameters and clinical data were obtained. Median values of age and haematological parameters were compared between these groups.

Results:
Patients who needed oxygen support had higher median age, absolute neutrophil count and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) had higher age, leucocytosis with absolute lymphopoenia and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The parameters found to be associated with a poor outcome were higher median age with low haemoglobin, low mean corpuscular volume and absolute lymphopoenia.

Conclusions:
Males and older people are more prone to COVID-19 infection. Parameters such as high total leucocyte count, high absolute neutrophil count, low absolute lymphocyte count and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be considered cardinal laboratory findings with prognostic potential for the requirement of O2, ICU admission and poor outcome of COVID-19 disease.
X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography Characterization of Autologous Teeth Particle used in Postextraction Sites for Bone Regeneration. An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Calvo-Guirado José Luis , Carlos-Villafranca Felix de , Garcés-Villalá Miguel , García-Carrillo Nuria , Jindal Vidushi , Martínez-Martinez Francisco 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to develop a new computed method to characterize and measure the bone density measured in Hounsfield units (HU) of particulate tooth grafts, evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at 2 months of healing.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two dog teeth were crushed with a smart dentin grinder, later implanted in postextraction sites of 4 beagle dogs. Twenty-four cores were taken after 2 months and analyzed by micro-CT (Albira). The methodology used was based on a descriptive statistic of the bone density values measured in HU obtained from the creation of volumes of interest (VOIs) and predefined three-dimensional iso-contours from the images obtained after performing micro-CT of the biopsies of the crushing tooth.

Results:
The micro-CT allows established the characteristics of the biomaterials by studying the HU. The most predominant type of bone was type D3 density (400–800 HU). There was a light presence of bone-type density D2 and D1 in 2 of the regions studied.

Conclusions:
Micro-CT could be considered a technique of great value in the characterization of biomaterials based on the HU, after implantation in an in vivo model. The distribution of D1 and D2 particles were located around the bottom and middle part of the alveoli and the D3 and D4 bone particles were in the hole core. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is useful to determine the density of the tooth granulate (dentin grinder) and any other biomaterial.
A Study to Evaluate Cephalometric Hard Tissue Profile of Maharashtrian Population for Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Joshi Sanjay , Punamiya Sneha , Naik Charudatta , Mhatre Bhupendra , Garad Aarti , Chabalani Deepti 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
Variability exists in the ethnic groups that are separated by culture and geographic boundaries. The aim of this study was to evaluate hard tissue profile of well-balanced and clinically acceptable Maharashtrian population. Furthermore, compare the cephalometric values of Maharashtrian population with the established norms of Caucasians.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral cephalogram of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 20–30 years, were taken in the natural head position. Cephalometric analysis was performed on them and compared to the values of the Caucasians.

Results:
Statically significant differences were obtained in the between the Maharashtrian population and the Caucasians. Maharashtrian males have a straighter profile, reduced vertical height, and reduced mandibular divergence compared to Caucasian males. Maharashtrian females have a convex profile, reduced vertical height and reduced mandibular divergence.

Conclusion:
Since significant differences were found in the Maharashtrian population compared to the Caucasians. These values should be taken into consideration when assessing the Maharashtrian patient with facial deformity to obtain optimal results.
Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Oral Health of their Children in Nuh District of Haryana, India
Authors: Sharma Amita , Jain Megha , Vigarniya Monika 
Published: April 2022

Background:
During the early days a child's development and oral health habits are predisposed and shaped by parents. For the betterment of the oral health of their children, parents should have a positive attitude toward oral health. To evaluate parent's knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward oral health of their children a study was conducted.

Materials and Methods:
Parents of 340 children who visited the Department of Dentistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College Nuh, Haryana, were included in this cross-sectional study. A self-validated questionnaire containing two parts was delivered on a face-to-face interview basis. The first part involved demographic data of parents and the second part had 15 multiple-choice questions related to knowledge, attitude, and practices toward dental health of their children.

Results:
The results revealed the majority of the parents (50%) were not aware of the importance of primary dentition. The first dental visit was planned after the history of pain or swelling in the child's mouth by most of the respondents. Regular and supervised brushing was ignored by 79.9% of the caretakers.

Conclusion:
In the present study, it was concluded that there is a little level of awareness regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices among parents toward the oral health of children. It is thus suggested to educate the parents on the significance of oral health and periodic dental check-ups.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM RUỘT THỪA CẤP ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA XANH PÔN TỪ QUÍ 1 NĂM 2021
Authors: Văn Thêm Lê 
Published: April 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân viêm ruột thừa cấp điều trị tại khoa Ngoại Tiêu hóa bệnh viện Đa khoa Xanh Pôn quí I năm 2021 Phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang Kết quả nghiên cứu: Đa số bệnh nhân là nam (56%), độ tuổi 15-64 (58%), nghề nghiệp là học sinh, sinh viên (38%). Hầu hết bệnh nhân vào viện với lý do đau bụng(88%), còn lại là sốt (8%) và nôn, buồn nôn (4%). Bệnh nhân đau bụng ở vùng hố chậu phải (46%), quanh rốn (26%), thượng vị (26%) sau đó khu trú chủ yếu tại vùng hố chậu phải (94%). Đa số bệnh nhân đau bụng âm ỉ, liên tục (80%) kèm rối loạn tiêu hóa (nôn, buồn nôn 60%). Đa số bệnh nhân có sốt (74%). Đa số bệnh nhân có phản ứng thành bụng (88%) và có điểm đau Mc Burney (84%). Kết luận: Đa số bệnh nhân vào viện với lý do đau bụng, vị trí đau ở hố chậu phải, có sốt, có phản ứng thành bụng và điểm đau Mc Burney.
NGHIÊN CỨU MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA TỈ LỆ BỆNH LÝ VÕNG MẠC MẮT VỚI MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 TẠI TỈNH THÁI BÌNH
Authors: Đình Tùng Đỗ , Viết Thịnh Nguyễn 
Published: April 2022

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu mối liên quan giữa tỉ lệ biến chứng võng mạc mắt đái tháo đường (VMĐTĐ) với một số yếu tố nguy cơ về tuổi, giới, nhân chủng và thời gian mắc bệnh để giúp quản lý, can thiệp sớm biến chứng. Phương pháp và kết quả: Chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu 145 người đái tháo đường, tuổi trung bình 60,88±8,11. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VMĐTĐ ở nữ là (48,1%) cao hơn so nam giới (39,6%) p>0,05. Không cho thấy mối liên quan giữa tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VMĐTĐ với khu vực cư trú (nông thôn và thành thị) cũng như tình trạng học vấn của bệnh nhân. Có sự liên quan giữa tỉ lệ mắc bệnh VMĐTĐ với tuổi, bệnh nhân ≥ 60 tuổi nguy cơ mắc gấp 4,48 lần (95% Cl: 2,09-9.61, p<0,01). Tỷ lệ bệnh VMĐTĐ tăng lên theo thời gian mắc bệnh; trong 5 năm đầu tỷ lệ mắc bệnh là 14,3%, 5-10 năm tiếp theo là 54,1%, trên 10 năm là 64,9%, sự khác biệt với p<0,05. Trong đó nguy cơ tổn thương võng mạc ở nhóm bệnh nhân mắc bệnh từ 5-10 năm gấp 4,14 lần và nhóm trên 10 năm gấp 9,97 lần so với bệnh nhân trong nhóm có thời gian mắc bệnh dưới 5 năm. Kết luận: Thời gian mắc bệnh càng dài nguy cơ mắc bệnh VMĐTĐ càng cao. Chưa thấy có mối liên quan giữa giới tính, khu vực cư trú, trình độ học vấn với tình trạng mắc bệnh VMĐTĐ.
andangan Hukum Islam Tentang Upaya Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah Bagi Wanita Kari
Authors: Karmuji  
Published: April 2022

Seiring dengan laju pesatnya feminisme yang mengusung perjuangan kesetaraan jender. Semakin banyak pula di jumpai kaum perempuan yang turut andil dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga. Di sisi lain tidak sedikit wanita yang bekerja. Fenomena ini tidak mendapat penolakan dari suami mereka, dengan arti kebanyakan suami mengizinkan istrinya bekerja. Bahkan, tidak jarang dijumpai para istri menjadi sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan padahal itu tugas laki-laki. Sedangkan hakikat dari perkawinan itu sendiri adalah saling memenuhi dan saling melengkapi sebagaimana yang diatur dalam agama Islam. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan tentang pandangan fiqih kontemporer, konsep keluarga sakinah dan upaya wanita karir dalam membentuk keluarga sakinah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian (1) Islam membolehkan wanita aktif bekerja selama pekerjaan tersebut dilakukan dalam suasana yang dibenarkan syari’ah (2) Konsep keluarga sakinah wanita karir di Desa Kranji menerapkan 3 unsur fondasi kelurga harmonis yakni: Sakinah, ketenangan yang didapatkan saat menjalankan tugasnya di rumah dan di tempat kerja, Mawaddah, kelapangan hati dalam menerima segala kekurangan tanpa berfikir untuk berpisah, dan Rohmah, kesabaran akan permasalahan yang hadir dengan menjadikan komunikasi dengan pasangan sebagai jalan penyelesaian. (3) upaya yang dilakukan wanita karir di desa kranji yakni menjalankan peran taat kepada Allah Swt, menjalankan peran taat kepada suami, menjalankan tugas sebagai seorang ibu dengan mengasuh dan merawat anak hingga beranjak dewasa serta tetap memperhatikan pendidikan anak karena ibu merupakan madrasah awal bagi anak.
Triages : des comptes-rendus aux articles
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: April 2022

Ce numéro comprend des rapports de lecture et quelques articles qui ont pour trait commun de donner un portrait toujours renouvelé, une perspective plus complète ou plus vivantes, un raccourci qui embrasse parfois plusieurs siècles et qui demandent des triages toujours plus raffinés ou plus ordonnés de ce qui nous intéresse à ce jour. Parfois nous voyons mieux de plus haut ou de plus loin, ce qu’il nous revient d’adapter ou de traduire pour nous soutenir dans nos quêtes futures. Par exemple, de même que Voltaire a jugé utile de traduire, puis d’adapter Shakespeare il espérait importer certains éléments de la culture anglaise à la société française (il a retravaillé presque sa vie durant ses Lettres anglaises). Ce type de triage de l’élément anglais œuvre à la modernité conçue comme progrès, comme augmentation et perpétuation du bonheur terrestre.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Providers
Authors: Huang Derrick , Ganti Latha , Graham Emily Weeks , Shah Dipal , Aleksandrovskiy Ilya , Al-Bassam Morthatha , Fraunfelter Frank , Falgiani Mike , Leon Leoh , Lopez-Ortiz Carlos 
Published: April 2022

Objective Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers can compromise public confidence in vaccination during the ongoing COVID-19 global epidemic and increase susceptibility to life-threatening disease. We sought to investigate predictors of openness to vaccination among healthcare workers who choose not to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in order to explore potential solutions. Methods Physicians, physician assistants, and nurses who chose not to be vaccinated were surveyed to decipher reasons for vaccine refusal and personal loss due to the virus along with demographic variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated whether provider role, parenthood, and death of family or friends were associated with strong versus relative vaccine refusal. Results The predominant reasons for vaccine hesitancy in this cohort of health care workers who had access to, but chose not to be vaccinated (n=500) were a concern for vaccine side effects (69.6%) and the belief that the vaccines are inadequately studied (61.6%). Being a physician, a parent, and having no experience of death in the family or friends had 2.64 times (95% CI: 1.65-4.23, p < 0.001), 1.72 times (95% CI: 1.05-2.81, p = 0.032), and 1.70 times (95% CI: 1.06-2.72, p = 0.028) the odds of strong vaccine refusal, respectively. Older age (35 and up) respondents were 1.83 times (95% CI: 1.24-2.68, p = 0.002) more likely to be open to vaccination.