bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against SRAS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Ling , Li Yakun , Yang Zengmin , Zhang Aijing , Shen Ercui , Liu Yun , Wang Yang , Zheng Minghui , Chen Xiao , Wu Shuming , Zhang Haijiang , Liu Yongjiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 that belongs to betacoronaviruseis, and is an enveloped, single and positive-stranded RNA virus. In this study, we describe the production and characterization of four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with neutralization activities.
Methods
Thirteen mAbs that identified positive were characterized by neutralization assays, binding affinities identification, and ELISA to evaluate the immunocompetence. The genes of neutralizing antibodies were sequenced and analyzed.
Results
All mAbs recognized two different epitopes respectively, including RBD and hFc, and the binding affinities are also different. Four of nine mAbs that can recognize the epitopes of RBD are conformation neutralizing antibodies that have high binding affinity and neutralization ability. Based on the sequencing, the mAbs are unique antibodies with specificity.
Conclusions
We characterized thirteen monoclonal antibodies, four of which are neutralizing antibodies and identified unique antibodies with specificity. The results highlight the promise of antibody-based therapeutics and provide the structural basis of rational vaccine design.
Localization of SNARE proteins in the brain and corpus allatum of Bombyx mori
Authors: Sasao Mako , Uno Tomohide , Kitagawa Risa , Matsui Asuka , Toryu Fumika , Mizoguchi Akira , Kanamaru Kengo , Sakamoto Katsuhiko , Uno Yuichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) comprise the core machinery that mediates membrane fusion. SNAREs, syntaxin, synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP), and synaptobrevin form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is essential for membrane fusion. The cDNAs of SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A from Bombyx mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed into Escherichia coli, and purified. We then produced antibodies against the SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A of Bombyx mori of rabbits and rats, which were used for immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the expression of VAMP2 was restricted to neurons in the pars intercerebralis, dorsolateral protocerebrum, and central complex of the brain. SNAP-25 was restricted to neurons in the pars intercerebralis and the central complex of the brain. Syntaxin 1A was restricted to neurons in the pars intercerebralis and dorsolateral protocerebrum of the brain. SNAP-25 colocalizes with VAMP2 in the central complex and Syntaxin 1A colocalizes with bombyxin, which is an insect neuropeptide. These findings suggest that SNARE proteins play important roles in membrane trafficking in the insect brain.
Religiosity Was Associated With Lower Scores on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Medical Students During the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: MOTA RODRIGO ANTONIO ROSAL , LEÃO MARIA EDUARDA ARÊA , AYRIMORAES-SOARES ANA LUZIA COELHO LAPA , DE ARAÚJO IRES FERNANDA MARTINS , MACHADO LAÍS DE MORAES , NETO ANTONIO VITOR DA ROCHA , FALCÃO BRUNA TAVARES , NETO EDUARDO B. SOARES , ALMEIDA KELSON JAMES 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in medical students is 63% and depression symptoms exceed 30.6%. The medical degree and the way academics work their training are known to generate stress and affect the health and performance of students. The religious apparatus can be a helpful tool to reduce these symptoms. To associate anxiety, depression and religiosity among medical students during home isolation period in the pandemic by COVID-19. METHODS: Students were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire with sociodemographic data, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Duke religiosity scale. The Kruskal-Wallys test was used to analyze the groups in independent samples and the Spearmam test was used to correlate the variables. RESULTS: 255 subjects were selected, 67.1% (171) female and 32.9% (84) male. Regarding the HADS scale, 57.3% (146) exceeded cut-off points for anxiety and 32% (82) and for depression. A higher prevalence of depression was found, with high statistical significance, in students of the clinical cycle (I suggest starting the sentence by the significant findings) and a p>0.05 value demonstrated the absence of difference in anxiety indices between course cycles. When correlating anxiety, depression and religiosity, there was a significant and inversely proportional relationship between anxiety and intrinsic religiosity. We also observed, with statistical significance, an inversely proportional correlation between organizational religiosity and depression among participants. CONCLUSIONS: There was an inversely proportional association between anxiety and intrinsic religiosity, as well as, between depression and organizational religiosity among medical students during the period of home isolation in the pandemic by COVID-19. The stressful event triggered by the pandemic favored the analysis of the aforementioned association with religiosity, whose protocol for defining risk or protection in longitudinal studies becomes a challenge due to the unlikely repetition of the severity of the time when the present study was conducted.
Evaluating a Signalized Intersection Performance Using Unmanned Aerial Data
Authors: Ashqer Mujahid I. , Ashqar Huthaifa I. , Elhenawy Mohammed , Almannaa Mohammed , Aljamal Mohammad A. , Rakha Hesham , Bikdash Marwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method to compute various measures of effectiveness (MOEs) at a signalized intersection using vehicle trajectory data collected by flying drones. MOEs are key parameters in determining the quality of service at signalized intersections. Specifically, this study investigates the use of drone raw data at a busy three-way signalized intersection in Athens, Greece, and builds on the open data initiative of the pNEUMA experiment. Using a microscopic approach and shockwave analysis on data extracted from real-time videos, we estimated the maximum queue length, whether, when, and where a spillback occurred, vehicle stops, vehicle travel time and delay, crash rates, fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and fundamental diagrams. Results of the various MOEs were found to be promising, which confirms that the use of traffic data collected by drones has many applications. We also demonstrate that estimating MOEs in real-time is achievable using drone data. Such models have the ability to track individual vehicle movements within street networks and thus allow the modeler to consider any traffic conditions, ranging from highly under-saturated to highly over-saturated conditions. These microscopic models have the advantage of capturing the impact of transient vehicle behavior on various MOEs.
Association Between Neighborhood Physical Characteristics and Mental Health Among Older Adults in Spain
Authors: Arias-Fernández Lucía , Carcedo-Argüelles Lucía , Martín-Payo Rubén , López-García Esther , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lana Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo assess the impact of neighborhood physical environment on mental health among a representative sample of Spanish non-institutionalized older adults. MethodsPopulation-based cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017, with 5,071 people ≥65 years. An indicator of the physical characteristics of the neighborhood was developed using nine items addressing the degree of disruption due to physical problems in the housing environment. Mental health status was assessed with the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical characteristics of the neighborhood and mental-health status were calculated using logistic regressions, with adjustment for main confounders, including sociodemographic, lifestyle and morbidity variables.ResultsIn total, 22.6% of people aged ≥65 years in Spain reported poor mental health. Poor mental health was associated with living in a neighborhood with some (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14-1.75) or many problems (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55-2.42). The most relevant individual components of neighborhood characteristics were industrial pollution (OR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.55-4.59), presence of troublesome animals (OR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.37-2.36) and scarcity of green areas (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10-2.03). The association between neighborhood physical characteristics and poor mental health was of a greater magnitude in larger localities and in people who engaged in moderate/high physical activity (p for interaction<0.05).ConclusionIn Spain, older people living in neighborhoods with problems affecting their physical environment presented worse mental health. Policies aiming to improve residential environments can have broad implications for achieving healthy aging.
WITHDRAWN: Design and operation of portable hydrogen production systems
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many attempts have been made to understand the underlying principles of design and operation for portable hydrogen production systems. However, the mechanisms for the effects of design factors on heat transfer characteristics are still not fully understood. This study relates to a thermochemical process for producing hydrogen by the catalytic endothermic reaction of methanol with steam in a thermally integrated microchannel reforming reactor. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to better understand the consumption, generation, and exchange of thermal energy between endothermic and exothermic processes in the reactor. The effects of wall heat conduction properties and channel dimensions on heat transfer characteristics and reactor performance are investigated. Coupling of steam reforming of methanol with methanol catalytic combustion in a thermally integrated microchannel reforming reactor is simulated for both co-current and counter-current operation, using identical parameters of the mathematical model. A direct comparison between the reactor behavior and performance under different flow arrangements is made. The results indicate that reactor performance and thermal behavior is strongly affected by overall and local balance between heat generated on the exothermic side and heat consumed on the endothermic one, which in turn is influenced by flow arrangement. The thermal conductivity of the channel walls is fundamentally important. Reaction heat flux profiles are considerably affected by channel dimensions. The peak reaction heat flux increases with the channel dimensions while maintaining the flow rates. Design recommendations are made to improve thermal performance for the reactor. The reactor is better balanced thermally for co-current operation. For counter-current arrangement, higher conversions and better utilization of the overall heat generated in the exothermic process are achieved at the expense of pronounced temperature extremes. This increases the chances of the reactor running away and of homogeneous combustion being initiated. Utilization of a non-uniform catalyst distribution can overcome the heat imbalance by inducing favorable reactant depletion along the reactor during counter-current flow.
An Exploratory Study on the COVID-19 E-learning on Students Academic Performance: The Case of the University of Ghana Business School
Authors: Acheampong Joseph Ofori 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The unruly consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak have hamstrung higher education institutions. It also highlighted the importance of digital learning and its influence on students’ academic performance. This study aims to investigate the influence of students’ socio-demographics and their parents’ socioeconomic characteristics on their academic performance during the implementation of the COVID-19 lockdowns using a qualitative approach. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 purposively chosen informants were used. The results indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced students’ learning process and academic performance. It revealed that their sociodemographic characteristics and their parents’ socioeconomic status affected their academic achievements during the COVID-19 outbreak. Students have faced numerous challenges during the implementation of the COVID-19 lockdowns, which influenced their academic performance. Higher education institutions must purchase licenced e-learning tools and provide students and professors with digital skills training in order to enhance their teaching, learning, and academic performance.
MSW students' perspectives on learning and delivering a protocolized, low-intensity depression intervention: Implications for experiential learning
Authors: Galea Jerome T , Sanabria Gabriella , Greene Karah Y. , Thompson Melissa , Doering Tracy , Fuchs Doriangel , Grey Amanda , Saucedo Adilene , Rosler Melanie , Simmons Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a protocolized, low-intensity depression intervention designed to be delivered by lay individuals. Faculty at the University of South Florida School of Social Work recognized PM + as a potential depression intervention for master’s students to learn to complement their clinical coursework and simultaneously provide an experiential learning experience to support their clinical skills. Before this pilot, the feasibility and acceptability of integrating PM + into a Master of Social Work (MSW) setting were unknown. Upon analyzing the students’ feedback using inductive content analysis, it is evident that experiential learning using interventions is crucial to building the self-efficacy of MSW students. Students reported that PM + helped their personal mental health and client interactions, using the tools they learned even a year after the pilot. Future research should focus on integrating PM + into experiential learning experiences within social work and allied academic settings and professions.
Carbohydrate Status of Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Nemec S. , Guy G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbohydrates were analyzed in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal citrus rootstock seedlings in greenhouse studies. Inoculated seedlings grew taller or weighed more and their leaves contained greater amounts of total soluble sugar, sucrose, reducing sugars, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrate per gram of tissue than noninoculated controls, in a low P soil (9–12 ppm). Only the reducing sugars, fructose and glucose, increased slightly in roots of inoculated seedlings over those levels found in uninoculated control seedlings. Levels of reducing sugars were higher in leaves than in roots. Uninoculated seedlings grown in high P soil (210 ppm) were about the same height and their leaves contained levels of total soluble and reducing sugars similar to those in inoculated rootstocks grown in low P soil. It does not appear that these mycorrhizal fungi mobilize sugars as a sink for photosynthate in roots.
Seasonal Variation of Leaf Nutrient Composition in ‘Tifblue’ Rabbiteye Blueberry1
Authors: Spiers James M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) leaves were sampled at 2-week intervals during the growing seasons of 1979 and 1980. Each sample was analyzed for 5 macronutrients and 5 micronutrients. Prediction equations for the estimation of nutrient element content on a growing season basis were calculated. Leaf elemental content patterns correlated closely between years with the exception of Fe. Leaf elemental N, P, and Zn were highest in the early season, tended to decrease until harvest, and leveled off as the growing season progressed. The levels of leaf Ca and Mg remained relatively constant through the season with lowest percentages present during harvest. Leaf contents of K, Mn, and to a lesser extent B and Na, were high during April and early May, low during harvest, and high again in October. Regression analyses for most elements were more linear from late June to early August. Therefore, optimum time for the collection of leaf samples of rabbiteye blueberries for mineral analyses appears to be a 4-week interval coinciding with the last 2 weeks of the harvest season through a 2-week period immediately following harvest.
The Action of Lecithin and Calcium Dips in the Control of Bitter Pit in Apple Fruit1
Authors: Watkins Christopher B. , Harman Jane E. , Ferguson Ian B. , Reid Michael S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Addition of 1% lecithin (phosphatidyl choline) to 4% Ca dips increased internal CO2 levels and decreased O2 levels in fruit of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) stored at 3°C. This effect was greater than that found with lecithin alone. At 18°, respiration and ethylene production by the fruit were reduced slightly by Ca, but to a much greater extent by lecithin. A further reduction of the production of both gases was found with Ca and lecithin. The climacteric rise was also delayed by lecithin treatments. At 3°, ethylene production was both delayed and reduced by lecithin treatments, but no influence on CO2 production was detected. Although differences in Ca concentration of the fruit caused by the addition of lecithin to Ca could not be detected when bulked samples of fruit were analysed, use of 45Ca showed that both the initial rate of Ca uptake and the final Ca content of the fruit flesh after 6 weeks at 3° were increased by lecithin. The beneficial effects of lecithin plus Ca in bitter pit control probably result from rapid modification of gas exchange together with increased Ca uptake.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Seed Rates on Pepper Seed Germination in Aerated Water Columns1
Authors: Sosa-Coronel Jorge , Motes J. E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Seed germination of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in aerated water columns was accelerated and germination uniformity improved by using gibberellic acid (GA3) at 6 μg/mg seed with 50 to 75 mg seed/ml of solution. Higher GA3 rates in the aerated columns reduced germination percentage in some cultivars. Detrimental effects for GA3 up to 6 μg/mg seed were not observed and in some cultivars speed of emergence and seedling growth was stimulated. GA3 is economically feasible for use in germinating pepper seeds for sowing using the fluid drilling technique.
Effects of Container Size, Transplant Age, and Plant Spacing on Chinese Cabbage1
Authors: Kratky B. A. , Wang J. K. , Kubojiri K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Head weights of ‘Nagaoka 55’ Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinenis (Lour.) Olsson) were 76–79% greater at a plant spacing of 43 cm than at 28 cm. Percentage salable and grade 1 heads both increased with increasing distance between plants. Seedlings were raised in cylindrical containers of 2.5, 3.75, 5 and 7.5 cm diameter × 6.4 cm depth for 3,4,5 and 6 weeks in a seedling house. Transplant age affected maturity time minimally and did not affect yield. Seedling fresh weight was greater in 7.5 cm containers than in the smaller containers at all transplant ages. Plants started in 7.5 cm containers matured 7.5 days earlier, produced 10% heavier heads and yielded 25–31% more than plants started in 2.5 cm containers. Plants from the larger containers probably performed better as a result of the more favorable physical properties or fertilization regime of the container media. The highest yields in these trials exceeded 3 MT/ha · day.
Soil Physical Factors Affecting Peanut Pod Development1
Authors: Underwood C. V. , Taylor H. M. , Hoveland C. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEffects of crust strength and soil water potential on peg penetration and pod development in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were evaluated. When fully constrained, pegs developed as much as 13 bars pressure, but under simulated field conditions the pegs exerted only 3 or 4% of that pressure. In a field experiment the percentage of pegs that penetrated the upper 1.5 em of pegging zone soil and the weight of pods that developed in the pegging zone decreased as penetrometer resistance increased. The rate at which individual pods increased in size was not reduced until soil water potential was reduced to below —15 bars
Differences Among Genotypes of Corn in the Kinetics of P Uptake1
Authors: Nielsen N. E. , Barber S. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany plant species utilize fertilizer or soil P inefficiently. Hence, development of corn genotypes (Zea mays L) that are more efficient in absorbing P from soil would be valuable. A survey of 12 inbreds grown in water culture indicated a 1.8 to 3.3‐fold variation in root weight, root length per unit of plant weight, root length per unit of root weight, and maximal net P influx. Some aspects of the role of genetics were elucidated by comparing the P absorption parameters of five inbreds with those of four single‐cross hybrids made from these inbreds. Five single crosses were grown at low and high P levels in the field on a Raub silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll) to test the significance of the measured root parameters on P uptake. Plants were harvested 22, 38 and 51 days after planting. Phosphorus uptake was also simulated by a model using soil and plant root parameters related to P uptake. The correlation between predicted and observed P uptake was r2 = 0.90 for the 22 to 38‐day time interval and r2 = 0.98 for the 22 to 51‐day time interval. Hence, observed differences among corn single crosses in their plant root parameters were reflected in their P uptake when grown in the field.
Selective Control of Sunflower in Soybeans1
Authors: Irons Steve M. , Burnside Orvin C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a difficult weed to control in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A variety of herbicide treatments and application techniques were investigated. Greenhouse and field research was conducted during 1978 through 1980 to investigate the efficacy of using bentazon [3‐isopropyl‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxide] and bromoxynil(3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile) postemergence to selectively control sunflower in soybeans. Using these herbicides in combination at lower than recommended rates reduced sunflower control costs from bentazon alone and soybean injury caused by bromoxynil. Field experiments conducted on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll) over a 3‐year period with metribuzin [4‐amino‐6‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(methylthio)‐as‐triazin‐5(4H‐one] applied preplant incorporated or preemergence revealed more effective sunflower control from preplant incorporated treatments. The roller applicator, a selective herbicide applicator designed to eliminate tall‐growing weed escapes, was used in field experiments for 3 years with glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine], dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐o‐anisic acid), and 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Use of the roller applicator was found to be inadequate as a primary method of sunflower control in soybeans, although it was effective against weed escapes since treatments containing glyphosate did control sunflower.