bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of LiErF4 and LiGdF4 Core‐Shell Nanocrystals and Tunable Upconversion Emission from Red to Green
Authors: Gan Lin , Wang Youfa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, LiErF4 and related LiGdF4 core‐shell nanocrystals were synthesized via thermal decomposition, and the upconversion luminescence under an excitation of 980 nm was investigated. The phase of LiErF4 was not changed by a low content of Gd3+ dopant, whereas orthorhombic GdF3 formed as an impurity when the amount of Gd3+ was increased. The upconversion luminescence intensity of LiErF4 was enhanced by a suitable Gd3+ content. Considering the enhanced upconversion emission of LiErF4 and synthesis of pure tetragonal phase LiGdF4, a core–shell structure of LiErF4@LiGdF4:Yb,Er was designed, characterized, and compared to LiYF4@LiGdF4:Yb,Er. LiErF4@LiGdF4:Yb,Er had a yellow upconversion emission output, which was attributed to the combination of the upconversions in the core and shell. Additionally, a series of relevant derivatives of LiErF4@LiGdF4:Yb,Er were prepared for further investigation of their luminescence performance, and red‐to‐green tunable upconversion luminescence was obtained for these core–shell nanocrystals.
Body mass index trajectories from childhood concerning emotional states in young adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Mahani Fatemeh , Mehrabi Fahimeh , Cheraghi Leila , Zareie‐Shabkhaneh Amirali , Azizi Fereidoun , Amiri Parisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify body mass index (BMI) trajectories from childhood and their relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in young adulthood. A total of 687 children aged 4–18 years were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Throughout 18 years of follow‐up, BMI was measured every 3 years for a maximum of 6 data points. Participants completed the depression, anxiety, and stress scale in their young adulthood (aged 22–36). The group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to identify BMI patterns. The logistic regression model was used to assess the association between BMI trajectories and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adulthood. Two BMI trajectories were identified from childhood to young adulthood: healthy weight (HW = 69.6%) and persistent increasing overweight/obesity (PIO = 30.4%). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with the HW group, men in the PIO group were more likely to experience higher stress levels (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.99–2.63; p = 0.05). No significant association was observed between the PIO trajectory and depression and anxiety among both sexes and stress symptoms in females. Our results highlight that developing overweight and obesity from childhood may be related to increased stress in males.
The Emerging Development of Multicolor Carbon Dots
Authors: Li Jiurong , Gong Xiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon‐based nanomaterials, multicolor carbon dots (MCDs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence (PL), high quantum yield, and unique electronic and physicochemical properties. The multicolor emission characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) obviously depend on the carbon source precursor, reaction conditions, and reaction environment, which directly or indirectly determines the multicolor emission characteristics of CDs. Therefore, this review is the first systematic classification and summary of multiple regulation methods of synthetic MCDs and reviews the recent research progress in the synthesis of MCDs from a variety of precursor materials such as aromatic molecules, small organic molecules, and natural biomass, focusing on how different regulation methods produce corresponding MCDs. This review also introduces the innovative applications of MCDs in the fields of biological imaging, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), sensing, and anti‐counterfeiting due to their excellent PL properties. It is hoped that by selecting appropriate adjustment methods, this review can inspire and guide the future research on the design of tailored MCDs, and provide corresponding help for the development of multifunctional MCDs.
Physicochemical Properties of High‐Entropy Oxides
Authors: Ma Yue , Chen Yichuan , Sun Mengtao , Zhang Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of industry has triggered an increasingly severe demand for new functional materials. In recent years, researches on high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) are more comprehensive and in‐depth, and their fascinating properties are gradually known to the public. The unique elemental synergistic effect and lattice distortion endow the high‐entropy family with various untapped potential, and wide application fields and outstanding performance of HEOs make them candidates for future materials. In this review, the concept, structure, and synthesis of HEOs are firstly highlighted. Secondly, a variety of excellent properties and applications in the fields of mechanics, electrics, thermotics, optics and magnetics are summarized. This work provides a comprehensive overview about HEOs, facilitating the development of modern functionalities of the high‐entropy family.
Pandemie- und Kontexteffekte – Aktuelle und strukturelle Einbettung der Daten im Länderbericht zum Deutschen Freiwilligensurvey 2019
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungGrundlage der vorliegenden Länderauswertung ist der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey (FWS) 2019. Nur kurze Zeit nach Abschluss der Feldphase des FWS erreichte die Coronapandemie Deutschland. Dieser Umstand hatte, bis der Krieg in der Ukraine ab Februar 2022 das politische Geschehen abermals tiefgreifend veränderte, erhebliche Auswirkungen auf alle wichtigen Politikfelder und Lebensbereiche.
Landesspezifische Ausprägungen unterschiedlicher Indikatoren und Erscheinungsformen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der folgenden Abbildung sind die prozentualen Anteile öffentlich gemeinschaftlich aktiver Personen, gemessen an der Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten ab 14 Jahren in Deutschland im Erhebungsjahr 2019, aufgeschlüsselt nach Bundesländern abgebildet.
Länderprofile
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm nachstehenden Teil des Länderberichts werden die insgesamt 15 an dem Bericht beteiligten Länder in der Form von Landesprofilen jeweils gesondert präsentiert. Die Landesprofile sind in jeweils 4 Abschnitte gegliedert, nämlich:

öffentlich gemeinschaftliche Aktivitäten,

freiwilliges Engagement,

Kontexteffekte auf Engagement,

abschließende Bemerkungen zu Stand und Perspektiven des landesspezifischen Engagements.
Morphologic, dynamic and high-resolution microscopy MRI in early-onset spondyloarthritis finger dactylitis
Authors: Scarano Enrico , Gilio Michele , Belmonte Gianfranco , Borraccia Francesco , Padula Angela , Guglielmi Giuseppe , D’Angelo Salvatore 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
Up to now, the pathophysiology of SpA dactylitis has not been entirely clarified. It is not clear which are the involved tissues and which is the primary lesion of the “sausage-like” digit. The aim of our study was to examine the finger structures in early-onset finger dactylitis using high-resolution microscopy MRI together with morphologic and dynamic MRI.

Subjects and methods
In a 6-month period, 13 SpA patients (7 females and 6 males), mean age 54.07 years (range 37–73 years) and mean disease duration 7.07 years (range 1–44 years) with early-onset finger dactylitis (less than 3 months) were recruited. Nine patients had PsA, 3 HLA-B27-positive uSpA and 1 HLA-B27-negative uSpA. One patient had 2 dactylitis fingers. Ten healthy volunteers matched for age and sex with no personal and family history of SpA were enrolled. All dactylitis fingers and randomly selected fingers of the normal control subjects were imaged by morphologic, dynamic and high-resolution microscopy MRI.

Results
We have found flexor tenosynovitis in all the 14 dactylitis fingers, joint synovitis in 5 and oedema in the finger soft tissue in 10. In 2 dactylitis fingers, there was oedema at the insertion of the joint capsule suggesting enthesitis. In 5 dactylitis fingers, there was only mild enhancement at the enthesis organ (collateral ligament, flexor and extensor tendons).

Conclusions
Our MRI study on early-onset dactylitis demonstrates that flexor tenosynovitis, joint synovitis and oedema of the digit soft tissue are the predominant alterations visible in the early phase of evolution of dactylitis and that, therefore, enthesitis may not be considered the primary lesion of dactylitis.
Sense of coherence or self-efficacy as predictors of health-related quality of life in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Ahmadi Mehrnaz , Beiranvand Samira , Poormansouri Saeed , Matbouei Mahsa , Rohani Camelia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to determine the level of HRQoL, sense of coherence (SOC), and self-efficacy (SE) in a sample of SCD patients, and to explore predictors of their physical and mental HRQoL. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 83 SCD patients of one university hospital. The data of the study was collected through Persian versions of the Short-Form Health Survey SF-36 (RAND 36-item), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES). The mean age of the patients was 26.34 ± 8.19 years old. Patients’ mean scores for the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), SOC, and SCSES were 40.57 ± 17.18 (range: 0–100), 50.44 ± 17.95 (range: 0–100), 52.40 ± 15.35 (range: 13–91), 26.40 ± 6.96 (range: 9–45), respectively. Regression models showed that the level of the patients’ SOC, was the main predictor of the MCS (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). However, the level of the patients’ SE was the main predictor of the PCS (β = 0.30, p = 0.004). Also, “blood transfusion history” in patients was a common predictor for both the PCS (β =  − 0.28, p = 0.008) and the MCS (β =  − 0.29, p = 0.003). These results can assist nurses and clinicians to plan clinical interventions for SCD patients by focusing on increasing the level of the SOC and SE and improving SCD patients’ HRQoL. Furthermore, measuring the level of the SOC and self-efficacy as screening tests are useful to find patients with a greater risk of impaired HRQoL.
What are the influencing factors on the outcome in lateral incisional hernia repair? A registry-based multivariable analysis
Authors: Schaaf S. , Willms A. , Adolf D. , Schwab R. , Riediger H. , Köckerling F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Incisional hernias following lateral abdominal wall incisions with an incidence of 1–4% are less common than following medial incisions at 14–19%. The proportion of lateral incisional hernias in the total collective of all incisional hernias is around 17%. Compared to midline defects, lateral incisional hernias are more difficult to repair because of the more complex anatomy and localization. A recent systematic review identified only 11 publications with a total of 345 patients reporting on lateral incisional hernia repair. Therefore, further studies are urgently needed.

Methods
Multivariable analysis of the data available for 6,306 patients with primary elective lateral incisional hernia repair was performed to assess the confirmatory pre-defined potential influence factors and their association with the perioperative and one-year follow-up outcomes.

Results

In primary elective lateral incisional hernia repair, open onlay, open IPOM and suture procedures were found to have an unfavorable effect on the recurrence rate. This was also true for larger defect sizes and higher BMI. A particularly unfavorable relationship was identified between larger defect sizes and perioperative complications. Laparoscopic-IPOM presented a higher risk of intraoperative, and open sublay of postoperative, complications. The chronic pain rates were especially unfavorably influenced by the postoperative complications, preoperative pain and female gender.

Conclusion
Open-onlay, open IPOM and suture procedures, larger defect sizes, female gender, higher BMI, preoperative pain and postoperative complications are associated with unfavorable outcomes following primary elective lateral incisional hernia repair.
Accelerated Diffusion-Weighted MR Image Reconstruction Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Aamir Fariha , Aslam Ibtisam , Arshad Madiha , Omer Hammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnder-sampling in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) decreases the scan time that helps to reduce off-resonance effects, geometric distortions, and susceptibility artifacts; however, it leads to under-sampling artifacts. In this paper, diffusion-weighted MR image (DWI-MR) reconstruction using deep learning (DWI U-Net) is proposed to recover artifact-free DW images from variable density highly under-sampled k-space data. Additionally, different optimizers, i.e., RMSProp, Adam, Adagrad, and Adadelta, have been investigated to choose the best optimizers for DWI U-Net. The reconstruction results are compared with the conventional Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction. The quality of the recovered images is assessed using mean artifact power (AP), mean root mean square error (RMSE), mean structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The proposed method provides up to 61.1%, 60.0%, 30.4%, and 28.7% improvements in the mean AP value of the reconstructed images in our experiments with different optimizers, i.e., RMSProp, Adam, Adagrad, and Adadelta, respectively, as compared to the conventional CS at an acceleration factor of 6 (i.e., AF = 6). The results of DWI U-Net with the RMSProp, Adam, Adagrad, and Adadelta optimizers show 13.6%, 10.0%, 8.7%, and 8.74% improvements, respectively, in terms of mean SSIM with respect to the conventional CS at AF = 6. Also, the proposed technique shows 51.4%, 29.5%, 24.04%, and 18.0% improvements in terms of mean RMSE using the RMSProp, Adam, Adagrad, and Adadelta optimizers, respectively, with reference to the conventional CS at AF = 6. The results confirm that DWI U-Net performs better than the conventional CS reconstruction. Also, when comparing the different optimizers in DWI U-Net, RMSProp provides better results than the other optimizers.
Phosphorus and water supply independently control productivity and soil enzyme activity responses to elevated CO2 in an understorey community from a Eucalyptus woodland
Authors: Piñeiro Juan , Ochoa-Hueso Raúl , Serrano-Grijalva Lilia , Power Sally A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims
While it is well-established that nitrogen (N) availability regulates elevated [CO2] (eCO2) effects on plant growth and soil carbon (C) storage in N-limited environments, there are fewer studies investigating the role of phosphorous (P) supply on such responses in P-limited environments. In this study, we explored whether P fertilization influences the response of plant growth, soil enzyme activity and C fluxes to eCO2, and determined how different levels of water availability regulate these processes.

Methods
We used soil collected from a temperate, P-limited Eucalyptus woodland containing the native soil seed bank to grow a potted replica of local understory communities. We exposed the emerging communities to eCO2 under two contrasting water levels and two levels of P fertilization. We assessed plant biomass allocation, the rhizosphere activity of extracellular enzymes related to C, N and P cycles, and pot-level CO2 fluxes.

Results
The positive effects of eCO2 on plant production and ecosystem C dynamics were strongly constrained by low levels of P availability. Enhanced water supply increased rhizosphere enzyme activity with minor impacts on plant biomass responses to eCO2. Our data also suggest that plant and microbial mechanisms that increase nutrient release from SOM may not be able to overcome this P limitation.

Conclusions
While current Earth System Models predict positive feedback responses of terrestrial ecosystems on C storage under eCO2, here we emphasize the importance of accounting for the widespread phenomenon of P-limitation in such responses.
Research on the Bearing Performance of Prefabricated New Type Subway Track Slab with Basalt Fiber
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhao Zexu , Wu Mengdi , Li Peigang , Li Junqi , Qian Xiaoyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrently, most ballastless tracks in Chinese subways are traditional cast-in-situ concrete structures, which require long construction progress. In contrast, prefabricated ballastless tracks can greatly reduce the construction period. However, there are few theoretical and experimental analyses on the prefabricated new type of subway slab track. Hence, to study the mechanical properties of the new type of subway track slab, static bending crack tests of one standard slab track and nine prefabricated full-scale track slabs with basalt fiber were carried out in this paper. The influence of the reinforcement arrangement method and the basalt fiber content on the performance of the track slabs was studied. Results showed that with the increase in the basalt fiber content in the range of 0.1–0.3%, the load–strain curve growth rate increased, the stiffness decreased, and the flexural resistance reduced. All the specimens exhibited a linear portion (elastic) and then a nonlinear portion (plastic) followed by flexural failure. During the elastic stage, the basalt fiber helped to improve the rigidity of the track slab. During the plastic stage, the influence of the basalt fiber content on the failure load varied with different reinforcement arrangements. With the reinforcement arrangement F2 and 0.1% basalt fiber content, the specimen had the smallest load–strain curve growth rate and the best overall flexural performance and crack resistance, and its strain was 23.35 με at an elastic limit of 95 kN. The results can provide a reference for the design of the prefabricated slab ballastless track.
Diverse Glycosides from Gardenia latifolia with Antiviral Activity and Chemosystematic Significance
Authors: Mohamed Shaymaa M. , Ross Samir A. , Ahmed Mai A. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral influenza pandemics have impacted our life, each with variable prevalence and severity. In a search for natural antivirals, further phytochemical investigation of Gardenia latifolia Aiton, Rubiaceae, was conducted. As a result, five structurally diverse glycosides were isolated, offering valuable chemotaxonomic data. Using the crystal violet technique, three isolates, canthoside C, (6R,7S,8S)-7α-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] lyoniresinol, and ecdysanrosin A, were evaluated for their anti-influenza A (H1N1) activities. Based on previously reported anti-inflammatory activity of the guaiane class, we investigated the inhibitory effect of (1R,7R,8S,10R)-7,8,11-trihydroxy-guai-4-ene-3-one 8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, a rare guaiane sesquiterpene glucoside, on inducible nitric oxide (NO) production by Griess assay. Regarding antiviral assay, canthoside C was the most active. It considerably inhibited H1N1 infectivity at an IC50 value of 10.93 µg/ml, showing a selectivity index (SI) of 12.88, compared with acyclovir as a standard. Besides, ecdysanrosin A displayed a moderate selective antiviral activity with an IC50 value of 28.03 µg/ml. Considering their low cytotoxicity on the host cells, canthoside C and ecdysanrosin A have additional merit as potential antiviral agents. Despite the claimed anti-inflammatory activity of guaianes, (1R,7R,8S,10R)-7,8,11-trihydroxy-guai-4-ene-3-one 8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside showed a limited anti-inflammatory activity.
Concept and design of a hall-effect thruster with integrated thrust vector control
Authors: Stark Willy , Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHall-effect thrusters (HETs) are among the most commonly used propulsion systems for attitude and orbit control of satellites. As an arrangement in a cluster or individually, equipped with a mechanical suspension, thrust in all three spatial directions can be generated, but requires additional mechanisms and components. Therefore, the Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden) is currently working on a concept for developing a Hall-effect thruster with integrated thrust vector control, which would allow steering in all three spatial directions with just a single thruster. This new concept is intended to work solely by influencing the ion beam and should not have any additional mechanical components. The HET will come with a segmented anode to set different electrical potentials at the anode and cause an inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field within the discharge channel, which results in an inhomogeneous force vector distribution at the exit plane. It is assumed that this will generate turning moments around the center of gravity. Deliberately causing those turning moments can therefore be used for steering with just one thruster. This work presents the concept of the propulsion system, gives an outlook on the advantages of its technology and shows capabilities for space applications.
Adapting Telecommunications Regulation to Competition: A Selection of Key Issues for Reform in the Philippines
Authors: UY Krystal Lyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite gains from liberalisation and deregulation in the 1990s, the Philippines telecommunications industry continues to be hampered by poor quality of service, high prices, with high barriers to entry and lack of meaningful alternatives for citizens. This article argues that liberalisation of the telecommunications industry is insufficient in facilitating economic growth and improving consumer welfare. Competition is a necessary precondition for this to occur, and to this end, an environment that will allow competition to flourish is indispensable. Hence, telecommunications regulation must be infused with competition law principles to ensure a robust, competitive sector that improves consumer welfare.
On the sociopolitical configurations of digital identity principles
Authors: Whitley Edgar A. , Schoemaker Emrys 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDigital identity systems are not devised for their own sake, rather they are developed by institutions as part of their pursuit of specific goals—such as economic, social, and developmental outcomes through enabling individual rights and facilitating access to basic services and entitlements. A growing number of organizations and institutions are advancing specific principles, frameworks, and “imaginaries” of what “good” digital identity looks like—yet it is often not clear how much influence they have or what their underlying worldview is to those designing, developing, and deploying these systems. This paper introduces sociopolitical configurations as a means of studying these underlying worldviews. Sociopolitical configurations combine elements from technological frames, expectations, and imaginations as well as developmental discourses to provide a basis for critically examining three key documents in this space.