bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction and aerobic exercise on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ghorbanian Bahloul , Wong Alexei , Iranpour Asgar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExercise and dietary interventions have been described to positively affect metabolic syndrome (MetS) via molecular-induced changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction and aerobic exercise (AE) on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in middle-aged men with MetS. The study had a randomised, double-blinded, parallel-controlled design. Forty middle-aged men with MetS (age: 53·97 ± 2·85 years, BMI = 31·09 ± 1·04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four groups, AE (n 10), ketogenic diet (KD; n 10), AE combined with KD (AE + KD; n 10) or control (C; n 10). RBP4, FABP5, body composition (body mass, BMI and body fat), insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity and MetS factors were evaluated prior to and after the 12-week intervention. AE + KD significantly decreased the body fat percentage (P = 0·006), BMI (P = 0·001), Zmets (P = 0·017), RBP4 (P = 0·017) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0·001) as compared with control group and marginally significantly decreased the Zmets as compared with exercise group (P = 0·086). KD significantly decreased RBP4 levels as compared with control group (P = 0·041). Only the AE intervention (P = 0·045) significantly decreased FABP5 levels. Combining intervention of carbohydrate restriction with AE compared with carbohydrate restriction and AE alone improved RBP4, HOMA-IR as well as different body composition and MetS factors in middle-aged men with MetS.
Dignity encounters: the experiences of people with long-term illnesses and their close relatives within a primary healthcare setting
Authors: Nygren Zotterman Anna , Skär Lisa , Söderberg Siv 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim:
To describe the experiences of dignity encounters from the perspective of people with long-term illness and their close relatives within a primary healthcare setting.

Background:
The importance of dignity as a concept in nursing care is well known, and in every healthcare encounter, the patient’s dignity has to be protected.

Methods:
A purposive sample of 10 people (5 couples) participated in this qualitative descripted study. One person in each of the couples had a long-term illness. Conjoint interviews were conducted and analyzed with an inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results:
The analysis resulted in three themes: i) Being supported by an encouraging contact; ii) Being listen to and understood; and iii) Being met with respect. Couples described being encountered with dignity as having accessibility to care in terms of being welcomed with their needs and receiving help. Accessibility promoted beneficial contact with healthcare personnel, who empowered the couples with guidance and support. Couples described a dignity encounter when healthcare personnel confirmed them as valuable and important persons. A dignity encounter was promoted their sense of feeling satisfied with the care they received and promoted safe care. Treated with dignity had a positive impact on the couples’ health and well-being and enhanced their sense of a good impression of the healthcare personnel within the primary health care.

Conclusions:
Healthcare personnel must regard and consider people with long-term illnesses and their close relatives’ experiences of dignity encounters to gain an understanding that enables them to support their needs and to know that the care is directed toward them.
Patients’ spiritual concerns and needs and how to address them during advance care planning conversations: Healthcare chaplains’ perspectives
Authors: Kwak Jung , Bang So Hyeon , Rajagopal Shilpa , Dronamraju Neha , Handzo George , Hughes Brian P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAdvance care planning (ACP) conversations require the consideration of deeply held personal values and beliefs and the discussion of uncertainty, fears, and hopes related to current and future personal healthcare. However, empirical data are limited on how such spiritual concerns and needs are supported during ACP. This study explored board-certified healthcare chaplains’ perspectives of patients’ spiritual needs and support in ACP conversations.MethodsAn online survey of 563 board-certified chaplains was conducted from March to July 2020. The survey included 3 open-ended questions about patients’ hopes and fears and about how the chaplains addressed them during ACP conversations. Written qualitative responses provided by 244 of the chaplains were examined with content analysis.ResultsThe majority of the 244 chaplains were White (83.6%), female (59%), Protestant (63.1%), and designated to one or more special care units (89.8%). Major themes on patients’ hopes and fears expressed during ACP were (1) spiritual, religious, and existential questions; (2) suffering, peace, and comfort; (3) focus on the present; (4) hopes and fears for family; and (5) doubt and distrust. Major themes on how chaplains addressed them were (1) active listening to explore and normalize fears, worries, and doubts; (2) conversations to integrate faith, values, and preferences into ACP; and (3) education, empowerment, and advocacy.Significance of resultsACP conversations require deep listening and engagement to address patients’ spiritual needs and concerns – an essential dimension of engaging in whole-person care – and should be delivered with an interdisciplinary approach to fulfill the intended purpose of ACP.
Paleomagnetic Evidence for a Paleoproterozoic Rotational Assembly of the North Australian Craton in the Leadup to Supercontinent Formation
Authors: Kirscher U. , Mitchell R. N. , Liu Y. , Pisarevsky S. A. , Giddings J. , Li Z.‐X. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe kinematics of the Paleoproterozoic assembly of Earth's first supercontinent, Nuna, are still debated. We present new paleomagnetic results from two Paleoproterozoic rock formations in the North Australia Craton (NAC) that exemplify cratonic assembly processes in the leadup to Nuna formation. Our new paleomagnetic data for the 1,825 Ma Plum Tree Creek Volcanics of the proto‐NAC and the layered mafic‐ultramafic 1,855 Ma Toby intrusion of the Kimberley Craton suggest their amalgamation just prior to ca. 1.8 Ga through a scissor‐like ocean closure to form the NAC, in accord with geological records. Comparing these new results with extant poles from Australia and other major cratons suggests similarly minor relative plate motions between ca. 1.9 and 1.65 Ga during craton and supercontinent formation. A global reconstruction suggests that these events could be related to a major slab‐suction event leading to Nuna formation.
Modulation of Bubble‐Mediated CO2 Gas Transfer Due To Wave‐Current Interactions
Authors: Shin Youngmi , Deike Luc , Romero Leonel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWave breaking modulates air‐sea fluxes of energy, momentum, heat, and gases. Building on recent advances in the modeling of CO2 gas exchange and wave breaking, we investigate the variability of bubble‐mediated gas transfer coefficients due to wave‐current interactions. Submesoscale current gradients strongly modulate wave breaking, which can enhance the bubble‐mediated gas transfer coefficient along temperature fronts and cold filaments. The enhancement of the gas transfer coefficient is over relatively small areas averaging out over larger regions. However, the correlation between positively anomalous gas transfer coefficients and regions with strong downwelling could potentially enhance CO2 exchange over regions with increased submesoscale activity. An empirical scaling based on the mean wave period, root‐mean‐square current gradients, and friction velocity can explain the root‐mean‐square differences of gas transfer coefficients computed from solutions with and without current forcing.
Moulin Density Controls the Timing of Peak Pressurization Within the Greenland Ice Sheet's Subglacial Drainage System
Authors: Mejia J. Z. , Gulley J. D. , Trunz C. , Covington M. D. , Bartholomaus T. C. , Breithaupt C. , Xie S. , Dixon T. H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLinks between hydrology and sliding of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are poorly understood. Here, we monitored meltwater's propagation through the glacial hydrologic system for catchments at different elevations by quantifying the lag cascade as daily meltwater pulses traveled through the supraglacial, englacial, and subglacial drainage systems. We found that meltwater's residence time within supraglacial catchments—depending upon area, snow cover, and degree of channelization—controls the timing of peak moulin head, resulting in the 2 hr later peak observed at higher elevations. Unlike at lower elevations where peak moulin head and peak sliding coincided, at higher elevations peak sliding lagged peak moulin head by ∼2.8 hr. This delay was likely caused by the area's lower moulin density, which required diurnal pressure oscillations to migrate further into the distributed drainage system to elicit the observed velocity response. These observations highlight the supraglacial drainage system's control on coupling GrIS subglacial hydrology and sliding.
The Role of Anthropogenic Forcing in Western United States Hydroclimate Extremes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gillies Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite lower‐than‐average total precipitation in the western states of the U.S., the 2021 “precipitation roller coaster” defined as large precipitation swings has pointed to a strong hydroclimatic intensity (HYINT). Here we examine the 2021 HYINT using an index—a product of the average precipitation intensity (INT) and dry spell length (DSL). HYINT exhibited an extremely high value in the western U.S. in 2021. INT and DSL contribute differently to the 2021 HYINT, with large spatial variability. Overall, the 2021 extreme HYINT in central California and Utah is tied more to large INT, than to DSL. Meanwhile, the historical trends in INT and DSL may have contributed to the extreme 2021 HYINT event. The fraction of attributable risk framework reveals that the 2021 extreme HYINT is more likely to occur with anthropogenic forcing (e.g., 7.3 times more likely for HYINT exceeding 1.3) than natural forcing alone.
What Determines the Shape of a Pine‐Island‐Like Ice Shelf?
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihiro , Hirata Toshiki , Goldberg Daniel , Greene Chad A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIce shelf shape directly controls ocean heat intrusions, melting near the grounding line, and buttressing. Little is known about what determines ice‐shelf shape because ice‐ocean coupled simulations typically aim at projecting Antarctica's contribution to sea‐level rise and they do not resolve small‐scale ice‐ocean interactive processes. We conduct ice‐ocean coupled simulations for an idealized high‐resolution, Pine‐Island‐like model configuration. We show that ocean melting and ice stretching caused by acceleration thin the ice shelf from the grounding line toward the ice shelf front, consistent with previous studies. In the across‐flow direction, ocean melting and ice advection cancel each other out and flatten the ice shelf. More than one‐third of the ice thinning from grounding line to ice front can be attributed to ocean melting at depths shallower than 500 m. Our results emphasize the importance of interactive processes between the entire ice shelf and the ocean for determining the ice shelf shape.
Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: 1. Evaluation of Various Resistances and Sensitivity Studies Using a Single‐Point Model
Authors: Alapaty Kiran , Cheng Bin , Bash Jesse , Munger J. William , Walker John T. , Arunachalam Saravanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDifferent functions are used to account for turbulence strength in the atmospheric boundary layer for different stability regimes. These functions are one of the sources for differences among different atmospheric models' predictions and associated biases. Also, turbulence strength is underrepresented in some of the resistance formulations. To address these issues with dry deposition, firstly we take advantage of three‐dimensional (3‐D) turbulence information in estimating resistances by proposing and validating a 3‐D turbulence velocity scale that is relevant for different stability regimes of boundary layer. Secondly, we hypothesize and validate that friction velocity measured by 3‐D sonic anemometer can be effectively replaced by the new turbulence velocity scale multiplied by the von Karman constant. Finally, we (a) present a set of resistance formulations for ozone (O3) based on the 3‐D turbulence velocity scale; (b) intercompare estimations of such resistances with those obtained using existing formulations; and, (c) evaluate simulated O3 fluxes using a single‐point dry deposition model against long‐term observations of O3 fluxes at the Harvard Forest (MA) site. Results indicate that the new resistance formulations work very well in simulating surface latent heat and O3 fluxes when compared to respective existing formulations and measurements at a decadal time scale. Findings from this research may help to improve the capability of dry deposition schemes for better estimation of dry deposition fluxes and create opportunities for the development of a community dry deposition model for use in regional/global air quality models.
Th2 cells inhibit growth of colon and pancreas cancers by promoting anti-tumorigenic responses from macrophages and eosinophils
Authors: Jacenik Damian , Karagiannidis Ioannis , Beswick Ellen J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancers is challenging; however, several lines of evidence suggest that adoptive transfer of stimulated or modified immune cells support not only protective role of immune cells in tumor microenvironment, but actively participate in the elimination of cancer cells.

Methods
In vivo studies employing cancer cell-derived allograft murine models of gastrointestinal cancers were performed. The effects of T helper (Th) 2 cells on gastrointestinal cancers growth and tumor microenvironment composition using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, interleukin (IL)-5 treatment, and immunofluorescence, multiplex and real-time PCR were explored.

Results
Here, we show that Th2 cells play an essential role in the inhibition of colon and pancreas cancers progression. In murine models of gastrointestinal tumors using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, we identify that Th2 cells are responsible for generation of apoptotic factors and affect macrophage as well as eosinophil recruitment into tumors where they produce cytotoxic factors. Moreover, we found that Th2 cells lead to IL-5 hypersecretion, which links the anti-tumorigenic function of Th2 cells and eosinophils. Importantly, we noted that recombinant IL-5 administration is also related with inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth. Finally, using an in vitro approach, we documented that both Th2 cells and eosinophils are directly responsible for gastrointestinal cancer cell killing.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the significance of Th2 cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth, and pointed toward tumor microenvironment reprogramming as a Th2 cell-mediated anti-tumorigenic mechanism of action.
Altered developmental programs and oriented cell divisions lead to bulky bones during salamander limb regeneration
Authors: Kaucka Marketa , Joven Araus Alberto , Tesarova Marketa , Currie Joshua D. , Boström Johan , Kavkova Michaela , Petersen Julian , Yao Zeyu , Bouchnita Anass , Hellander Andreas , Zikmund Tomas , Elewa Ahmed , Newton Phillip T. , Fei Ji-Feng , Chagin Andrei S. , Fried Kaj , Tanaka Elly M. , Kaiser Jozef , Simon András , Adameyko Igor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are major differences in duration and scale at which limb development and regeneration proceed, raising the question to what extent regeneration is a recapitulation of development. We address this by analyzing skeletal elements using a combination of micro-CT imaging, molecular profiling and clonal cell tracing. We find that, in contrast to development, regenerative skeletal growth is accomplished based entirely on cartilage expansion prior to ossification, not limiting the transversal cartilage expansion and resulting in bulkier skeletal parts. The oriented extension of salamander cartilage and bone appear similar to the development of basicranial synchondroses in mammals, as we found no evidence for cartilage stem cell niches or growth plate-like structures during neither development nor regeneration. Both regenerative and developmental ossification in salamanders start from the cortical bone and proceeds inwards, showing the diversity of schemes for the synchrony of cortical and endochondral ossification among vertebrates.
Discrepancies between observations and climate models of large-scale wind-driven Greenland melt influence sea-level rise projections
Authors: Topál Dániel , Ding Qinghua , Ballinger Thomas J. , Hanna Edward , Fettweis Xavier , Li Zhe , Pieczka Ildikó 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile climate models project that Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt will continue to accelerate with climate change, models exhibit limitations in capturing observed connections between GrIS melt and changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation. Here we impose observed Arctic winds in a fully-coupled climate model with fixed anthropogenic forcing to quantify the influence of the rotational component of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability over the Arctic on the temperature field and the surface mass/energy balances through adiabatic processes. We show that recent changes involving mid-to-upper-tropospheric anticyclonic wind anomalies – linked with tropical forcing – explain half of the observed Greenland surface warming and ice loss acceleration since 1990, suggesting a pathway for large-scale winds to potentially enhance sea-level rise by ~0.2 mm/year per decade. We further reveal fingerprints of this observed teleconnection in paleo-reanalyses spanning the past 400 years, which heightens concern about model limitations to capture wind-driven adiabatic processes associated with GrIS melt.
Number selective sensorimotor neurons in the crow translate perceived numerosity into number of actions
Authors: Kirschhock Maximilian E. , Nieder Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTranslating a perceived number into a matching number of self-generated actions is a hallmark of numerical reasoning in humans and animals alike. To explore this sensorimotor transformation, we trained crows to judge numerical values in displays and to flexibly plan and perform a matching number of pecks. We report number selective sensorimotor neurons in the crow telencephalon that signaled the impending number of self-generated actions. Neuronal population activity during the sensorimotor transformation period predicted whether the crows mistakenly planned fewer or more pecks than instructed. During sensorimotor transformation, both a static neuronal code characterized by persistently number-selective neurons and a dynamic code originating from neurons carrying rapidly changing numerical information emerged. The findings indicate there are distinct functions of abstract neuronal codes supporting the sensorimotor number system.
Multiplexed and reproducible high content screening of live and fixed cells using Dye Drop
Authors: Mills Caitlin E. , Subramanian Kartik , Hafner Marc , Niepel Mario , Gerosa Luca , Chung Mirra , Victor Chiara , Gaudio Benjamin , Yapp Clarence , Nirmal Ajit J. , Clark Nicholas , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh-throughput measurement of cells perturbed using libraries of small molecules, gene knockouts, or different microenvironmental factors is a key step in functional genomics and pre-clinical drug discovery. However, it remains difficult to perform accurate single-cell assays in 384-well plates, limiting many studies to well-average measurements (e.g., CellTiter-Glo®). Here we describe a public domain Dye Drop method that uses sequential density displacement and microscopy to perform multi-step assays on living cells. We use Dye Drop cell viability and DNA replication assays followed by immunofluorescence imaging to collect single-cell dose-response data for 67 investigational and clinical-grade small molecules in 58 breast cancer cell lines. By separating the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of drugs computationally, we uncover unexpected relationships between the two. Dye Drop is rapid, reproducible, customizable, and compatible with manual or automated laboratory equipment. Dye Drop improves the tradeoff between data content and cost, enabling the collection of information-rich perturbagen-response datasets.
An extracellular receptor tyrosine kinase motif orchestrating intracellular STAT activation
Authors: Vaparanta Katri , Jokilammi Anne , Tamirat Mahlet , Merilahti Johannes A. M. , Salokas Kari , Varjosalo Markku , Ivaska Johanna , Johnson Mark S. , Elenius Klaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ErbB4 receptor isoforms JM-a and JM-b differ within their extracellular juxtamembrane (eJM) domains. Here, ErbB4 isoforms are used as a model to address the effect of structural variation in the eJM domain of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) on downstream signaling. A specific JM-a-like sequence motif is discovered, and its presence or absence (in JM-b-like RTKs) in the eJM domains of several RTKs is demonstrated to dictate selective STAT activation. STAT5a activation by RTKs including the JM-a like motif is shown to involve interaction with oligosaccharides of N-glycosylated cell surface proteins such as β1 integrin, whereas STAT5b activation by JM-b is dependent on TYK2. ErbB4 JM-a- and JM-b-like RTKs are shown to associate with specific signaling complexes at different cell surface compartments using analyses of RTK interactomes and super-resolution imaging. These findings provide evidence for a conserved mechanism linking a ubiquitous extracellular motif in RTKs with selective intracellular STAT signaling.
Gating intermediates reveal inhibitory role of the voltage sensor in a cyclic nucleotide-modulated ion channel
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Schmidpeter Philipp A. M. , Berka Vladimir , Durham Ryan J. , Fan Chen , Jayaraman Vasanthi , Nimigean Crina M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how ion channels gate is important for elucidating their physiological roles and targeting them in pathophysiological states. Here, we used SthK, a cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel from Spirochaeta thermophila, to define a ligand-gating trajectory that includes multiple on-pathway intermediates. cAMP is a poor partial agonist for SthK and depolarization increases SthK activity. Tuning the energy landscape by gain-of-function mutations in the voltage sensor domain (VSD) allowed us to capture multiple intermediates along the ligand-activation pathway, highlighting the allosteric linkage between VSD, cyclic nucleotide-binding (CNBD) and pore domains. Small, lateral displacements of the VSD S4 segment were necessary to open the intracellular gate, pointing to an inhibitory VSD at rest. We propose that in wild-type SthK, depolarization leads to such VSD displacements resulting in release of inhibition. In summary, we report conformational transitions along the activation pathway that reveal allosteric couplings between key sites integrating to open the intracellular gate.