bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Liberty’ Apple1
Authors: Lamb R. C. , Aldwinckle H. S. , Way R. D. , Terry D. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Liberty,’ which was tested under the number NY55140-19 is a good quality red apple that can be grown without fungicidal sprays in New York State (3). It is highly resistant to Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., apple scab, and to Gymnosporangium juniperivirginianae (Schw.), cedar apple rust and resistant to Podosphaera leucotricha (E. & E) Salm, apple powdery mildew, and Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Bergey et al, fire blight.
‘Brison’, ‘Rosborough’, and ‘Womack’ Blackberries1
Authors: Bowen H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Brison’, Rosborough’, and ‘Womack’ were released to replace the ‘Brazos’, blackberry cultivar. The fruits of the new cultivars (Fig. 1) although similar to ‘Brazos’, have improved flavor, smaller seed and firmer fruit (Tables 1, 2, 3).
‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Sleeping Beauty’ Rose Mallow Hibiscus1
Authors: Winters H. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Sleeping Beauty’ are similar cultivars of hybrid, perennial rose mallow hibiscus developed by the Germplasm Resources Laboratory at the U. S. Plant Introduction Station, Glenn Dale, Maryland. Parentage of both hybrids includes Hibiscus coccineus (Medicus) Walter, H. militaris Cav. and H. moscheutos L. (3), all native to the eastern United States.
‘Burgundy’ Impatiens1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Pasutti D. W. , Beck A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Burgundy’ joins the previously released Iowa State F1 hybrid Impatiens (2) in its ability to withstand the rigors of the U.S. Midwest environment while making a colorful addition to the world of bedding plants. ‘Burgundy’ was derived from plant material obtained by the U.S. Plant Introduction Service from New Guinea and nearby islands in 1970(1).
‘Edelweiss’ and ‘Swenson Red’ Grapes1
Authors: Swenson E. , Pierquet P. , Stushnoff C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Edelweiss’ and ‘Swenson Red’ grapes were developed from crosses made over 30 years ago with the goal of improving table grape quality in cultivars suitable for northern locations. Both have been grown at the University of Minnesota, Horticultural Research Center since 1968.
The Germplasm Accession Information System at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC)1
Authors: Hubbell John N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), an interdisciplinary team developed an accession information system for 6 crops: Chinese cabbage, (Brassica campestris, L. Pekinensis group); soybean, (Glycine max L.); mungbean, (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek var. radiata); tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum, mill.); sweet potato, (Ipomoea batatas, (L.) Lam.); and potato, (Solanum tuberosum L.).
Phthalimides as Plant Growth Regulators1
Authors: Los Marinus , Kust Cyril A. , Lamb Glentworth , Diehl Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have synthesized (1, 2) a group of compounds that influence a variety of growth and development processes in many plant species. These compounds are phthalimides of general structure I (Fig. 1). Highest biological activity was found in compounds in which X was either chlorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl and R1 and R2 formed a cyclohexyl ring as in structure II. Most tests have been done with compound II (designated AC 94,377), although good activity has also been demonstrated for compound I in which R1 = CH3, R2 = CH2CH(CH3)2 and X = 3-C1 (AC 92,803) and the tetrahydrophthalimide compound III (AC 99,524).
Interior Quality of Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. ‘Honoriae’ as Influenced by Light and Fertilizer during Production1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Highest quality Dracaena angustifolia ‘Honoriae’, were produced under 26 klx at all fertilizer levels and 52 klx at 12 or 16 g Osmocote 18N-3P-10K/20 cm diameter pot for 4 months. After 7 months under an interior environment, plants that received 78 klx in the production area and held under 1 klx interior light dropped more than twice the number of leaves as the other plants. Several interactions of light and fertilizer levels are discussed.
Progeny Testing for Self Incompatibility in Inbred Lines of Petunia hybrida1
Authors: Flaschenriem D. R. , Ascher Peter D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Self progenies obtained from bud pollination or from self pollination following high temperature treatment of 7 self incompatible (SI) Petunia hybrida Vilm. plants representing the I1, I4, I6, and I7 generations were tested for SI in both summer and winter greenhouse environments. Five exhibited increased self seed set (pseudo-self compatibility, PSC) after winter pollinations, 1 was more PSC after summer pollinations, and 1 set no self seed in either pollination environment. Comparison of sibling progenies within a line at the I8 generation and differences in PSC between lines at the I7 and I8 generations indicate that inbreeding has not destroyed the possibility of recovering SI.
Injury to Sweet Corn by a Longidorus sp. in Connecticut1
Authors: Miller P. M. , Rich Saul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A species of Longidorus was found in a field of ‘Early Fortune’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.) near Glastonbury, Connecticut, with many specimens longer than L. breviannulatus Norton. In the greenhouse, both the Longidorus sp. and Pratylenchus penetrans stunted sweet corn. Cultivars varied in their response to these nematodes, and there was no additive stunting when the corn was grown in soil containing both genera of nematodes. The percent of stunting caused by Longidorus sp. was positively and significantly correlated with the final heights of the corn cultivars grown in the soil with no nematodes. Diazinon and carbofuran in the greenhouse and diazinon in the field protected sweet corn from Longidorus sp.
Influence of Acephate on Asparagus Flavor and its Effectiveness for Control of Redbacked Cutworms1
Authors: Cone W. W. , Drake S. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The insecticide O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate (acephate) economically controlled the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), on asparagus at 0.8 kg/ha. An off-flavor was imparted to the asparagus by the 2.2 kg/ha rate.
Fruit Firmness Measurements in Red Raspberry1
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Torre Louis C. , Pepin H. S. , Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit firmness for 55 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) clones was determined at 2 locations with a Hunter Series L. portable pressure gauge. The force required to close the opening in the fruit, termed compression, and the force required to release juice, termed exudation, were measured when force was applied at right angles to the long axis of the fruit. Compression values for the firmest clones, SHRI 6820/54, SHRI 6820/41, SHRI 705/32, ‘Glen Isla’ and SHRI 6820/35, were 2 to 4 times greater than for the clones with the softest fruit. For compression values, significant correlations were obtained over clones for years and for locations. Compression and exudation values were significantly correlated.
Texture Evaluation Of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Bourne Malcolm C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The perception of food acceptability may be divided into 3 major categories: (a) appearance (color, shape) is based on optical properties; (b) flavor (taste and odor) is the response of the receptors in the oral cavity to chemical stimuli; (c) touch, is the response of the tactile senses to physical stimuli that results from contact between some part of the body and the food. The sensation of touch is commonly called “texture” but has also been called “kinesthetics” (24) and “haptaesthesis” (30). Texture is an important quality attribute of horticultural products and should be given equal weight with appearance and flavor for most commodities.
Rapid Selection of Sweet Potato Lines Resistant to the Sweetpotato Weevil1, 2
Authors: Mullen Michael A. , Jones Alfred , Davis Robert , Pearman Gordon C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A laboratory method based on adult feeding punctures was developed to rapidly evaluate cultivars and breeding lines of sweet potatoes Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam for resistance to the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Promising resistant lines can be identified, and the amount of field testing required to develop resistant lines is reduced. Preliminary data indicate that varying levels of resistance exist in sweetpotato.
Zinc and Sulfur Content in Pecan Leaflets as Affected by Application of Sulfur and Zinc to Calcareous Soils1
Authors: Smith Morris W. , Storey J. B. , Westfall P. N. , Anderson W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five rates of ZnSO4 and 3 rates of S were applied in March 1966 in a single application to pecan trees (Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch) in a factorial experiment. A rate of ZnSO4 in excess of about 20 kg/tree would be required to reach June 1966 leaflet Zn concentration in excess of the minimum optimum range of 60 ppm. No 1966 treatment resulted in leaflet Zn concentration in excess of 60 ppm in June 1967 or 1968. Significant Zn and S interaction was detected in September 1966 and 1967 leaflet Zn concentrations. There was a direct relationship between application rates of ZnSO4 and S on leaflet Zn concentration in September 1966 and 1967.
Influence of Night Lighting with Red, Far Red, and Incandescent Light on Rooting of Chrysanthemum Cuttings1
Authors: Heins R. D. , Healy W. E. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Night irradiation of stock plants and cuttings during the rooting period with red (R) or incandescent (INC) light resulted in statistical differences in rooting of cuttings of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cvs. Bright Golden Anne and Mrs. Roy) but differences were not large enough to be of commercial concern. Rooting was best when stock plants were irradiated with R light and cuttings were subsquently rooted under INC light and poorest when cuttings from INC irradiated stock plants were rooted under R light.
Cold Acclimation of Plant Parts in an Evergreen and a Deciduous Azalea1
Authors: Alexander Leslie A. , Havis John R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold hardiness of branch, lower stem and root parts of Rhododendron cvs. Mother’s Day (evergreen) and Homebush (deciduous) were determined after artificial acclimation. Lower stems of the evergreen azalea acclimated more slowly than the upper branches. In the deciduous azalea the lower stems acclimated more rapidly than the upper branches initially, but both parts were equal in hardiness after 53 days of acclimation. The lower stem of the deciduous acclimated more rapidly than that of the evergreen azalea.
Enhanced Zinc Uptake by Container-grown Shrubs with Applications of Nitrogen Zinc Nitrate Solution1
Authors: Emino E. R. , Storey J. B. , Smith M. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen zinc nitrate solution was applied to 18 species of container-grown woody ornamentals to determine if Zn levels could be increased and related to increased growth and plant quality. In 13 species there was an increase in Zn concentration as compared to untreated plants. Quality was improved in 3 species without a related increase in Zn content. Fe and Mn concentrations were unaffected in most species and no phytotoxicity was observed.
Altered Light Levels on Growth, Fruiting, and Leaf Characteristics of Natural Stands of Ilex opaca1
Authors: Stutz J. C. , Frey D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Canopy density over a native stand of Ilex opaca Ait. in Georgetown, Delaware was modified to provide 3 light intensity levels. Berry set was significantly greater in the cleared stand vs. the partial and full canopy plots. Leaf chlorophyll expressed on either an area or weight basis, was significantly less in the cleared stand than the other 2 treatments. Decreased light intensity significantly increased leaf area while decreasing leaf weight. Trees in the cleared stand had a significantly greater increase in trunk diameter and height, but not in width, than did lower light treatments.
Jojoba: A New Horticultural Crop for Arid Regions
Authors: Hogan LeMoyne , Lee Chi Won , Palzkill D. A. , Feldman W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) until recently was a relatively unknown Sonoran Desert shrub. Realization that the unique liquid wax in the seed could be substituted for the oil of the endangered sperm whale and that the plant could be grown with relatively small amounts of irrigation water has stimulated much interest among researchers in arid regions throughout the world. Major research programs on the domestication of jojoba are being conducted in the Department of Plant Sciences of the University of Arizona and the Department of Botany and Plant Sciences of the University of California-Riverside. Research programs are also underway at the Ben-Gurion University at BeerSheva, Israel, by state and federal agencies in Sonora and Baja California, Mexico, and in a number of other countries with arid and semi-arid regions. An International Committee on jojoba was formed in November, 1972 and 3 international conferences on jojoba have been held to date. The 4th international jojoba conference is scheduled for November 5-7, 1980, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
Origin and Historical Aspects of Cyclamen persicum Mill.1
Authors: Lyons R. E. , Widmer R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The genus Cyclamen is a member of the Primulaceae, yet speciation of individual members can be confusing. Cyclamen are very diverse, with several species widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean countries and others indigenous only to specific islands or mainland areas (2, 3). Their foliage is extremely variable. Within a single species leaves may range from orbicular to cordate with entire to dentate margins, and with or without gradations of silver-gray zonal patterns. Flowers may be scented or odorless and range in color from white to deep pink. They either precede or arise after the foliage and reach anthesis during autumn, winter or spring (3, 10). The species persicum is uniquely different in that its fruited peduncles haphazardly bend and twist instead of coiling back to the crown. The coiling may facilitate seed dispersal by ants, but C. persicum has lost the coiling characteristic even though it shares this dispersal vector (5).
Improving the Heat Unit System in Predicting Maturity Date of Snap Beans1
Authors: Kish Alex J. , Ogle W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Clemson University in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978 to study the accuracy of the heat unit system in predicting maturity date of snap beans. The growing-degree day method was found to be unreliable. Indications were that other environmental factors, in addition to temperature, affected the maturity of this crop. The available soil moisture for each of 10 plantings grown under natural rainfall varied greatly. Because of the unreliability of the heat unit method, it was decided to integrate the available soil moisture parameter into the degree day method. The formula that gave the smallest coefficient of variation was one using the daily heat unit multiplied by a ratio of the available soil moisture to a constant soil moisture value. Predicting the maturity of snap beans was improved by integrating available soil moisture into the heat unit system.
Effect of Row Spacings on Processing Carrot Root Yields1
Authors: Mack H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total root yields as well as roots <25 and 25-38 mm diameter, were increased in carrot (Daucus carota cv Red Cored Chantenay), as row spacings were decreased from 60 to 15 cm in 2 field experiments. Different within-row seeding rates did not have a significant impact on total yields, but affected yields of various size grades.
Glycoalkaloids of Hollow Heart and Blackheart Potato Tubers1,2
Authors: Jadhav S. J. , Wu M. T. , Salunkhe D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with the nonparasitic disorders of hollow heart and blackheart contained significantly more glycoalkaloids in the cortical region than normal tubers in 3 cultivars. The glycoalkaloid content of tuber tissue was related to the severity of the disorders.
No Flavor Changes Detectible in Triforine-treated Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Byther Ralph S. , Bristow Peter R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Triangular comparison sensory evaluation tests indicated that there were no detectable changes in the flavor of ‘Concord’ highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) following spray treatments with 2 formulations of the fungicide triforine. Time of harvest (early vs. late) following the fungicide applications had no influence on the judges’ decisions. This data is part of the information required by the Environmental Protection Agency to effect registration of this fungicide, which is a successful control measure against mummy berry disease.
Use of Sewage-Refuse Compost in the Production of Ornamental Plants
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The disposal of solid wastes from domestic and industrial sources and sludges from sewage treatment plants is an ever-increasing problem. More than 20 years ago our society’s prodigious waste production prompted Vance Packard (65) to characterize our society as a society of “waste makers” going from “riches to rags.” Estimates of the per capita production of waste vary, but it has been noted that the average person is generating more waste each year (97). During the last decade, environmental concerns and energy needs have raised serious questions about our methods of waste disposal. Bohn and Cauthorn (13) have observed that our handling of waste has been unimaginative and expensive.
Outcrossing in Southernpea1
Authors: Williams C. Bruce , Chambliss Oyette L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The average frequency of observable outcrossing among 6 genotypes of southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in a population of 9,987 plants was 0.59% and varied from 1.42% in AU 70.4 to 0% in Ala. 963.8G1-4. Outcrossing as high as 4.26% was recorded in a single plot of ‘Giant Blackeye’.
Xenia and Metaxenia in Pistachio1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Iwakiri Ben T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pollen from 5 different sources did not alter fruit size or time of maturity of ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Degree of shell (endocarp) dehiscence was modified with some pollen sources but was found to be related directly to kernel development rather than to type of pollen. Thus, there were no manifestations of metaxenia. Xenia, as exhibited by reduced kernel length and dry weight, did occur, however, following the use of P. atlantica and hybrid pollen.
Germination of Foliage Plant Seeds in Response to Sowing Media, Depths of Sowing, pH Levels, and Medium Temperatures1
Authors: Perry L. P. , Boodley J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of 5 soilless media and 2 sowing depths, 4 pH levels and 3 medium temperatures on tropical foliage plant seed germination were analyzed using germination rate and final percentage germination. Cordyline australis had highest germination percentages in highly organic media, Philodendron selloum germinated well in all media at a depth of twice the seed diameter, Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ and Brassaia actinophylla germinated equally well in all media and at depths of 2 and 4 times the seed diameter. Most deeper sown seeds took longer to emerge. Best germination occurred in Brassaia actinophylla, C. australis and Philodendron lundii without bottom heat (27°C), and in Nephthytis ‘Emerald Gem’ with bottom heat (30°-33°). Species germinated well between pH 3.7 and pH 6.2 except for Musa balbisiana at pH 3.7.
Effect of Depulping and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Alyxia olivaeformis1
Authors: Tanabe M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed germination rate and percentage of maile (Alyxia olivaeformis Gaud.) were improved by removal of the fleshy seed coat and preconditioning with growth regulators. Preplant soaking for 48 or 72 hours with 100 ppm kinetin, 2000 ppm potassium nitrate (KNO3), 500 ppm or 1000 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) were the most effective treatments.
Influence of Light and Fertilizer Levels on Production and Acclimatization of Pittosporum spp.1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. and Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. cv. Variegata were grown under various light and nutritional levels and then placed in an interior environment under 2 light levels. As production light levels decreased, plant height and width and leaf size increased for both cultivars. Fertilizer had no effect on plant height or leaf size and slightly increased width of green pittosporum. A decrease in production light intensity greatly improved plant color and grade while increased fertilizer slightly improved leaf color of both cultivars and plant grade of variegated pittosporum. Treatment effects were essentially the same after 6 months indoors.
Deicing Salt Spray Injury in Norway Maple as Influenced by Temperature and Humidity Treatments1
Authors: Barrick William E. , Davidson Harold 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of temperature and humidity conditions on the expression of deicing salt spray injury was investigated using terminal buds and stem sections of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L. cv. Emerald Queen). Loss of viability was associated with sodium chloride treatments and appeared in both high (8.3°C) and low (0°) temperatures. Tissue moisture (%) was significantly lower in low moisture (phosphorous pentoxide) atmospheres and in sodium chloride treatments. Penetration of both Na+ and Cl- ions as evidenced by electron micro-probe analysis occurred throughout stem tissues. Deicing salt spray injury in Norway maple appears to be related to penetration of phytotoxic ions and not directly associated with moisture loss through osmotic stress.
‘EariiGrande’ Peach1
Authors: Bowen H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘EarliGrande’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was released in 1979 for mild winter areas such as the Rio Grande valley of Texas. It is the earliest maturing peach in Texas with commercial potential. ‘EarliGrande’ has been the best adapted cultivar to the meadow orchard system in Israel (A. Erez, Personal communication).
Crop Production and Agricultural Research in Cuba1
Authors: Davis David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From June 6 to July 21, 1979, I visited Cuba as a member of a team of 4 agricultural science faculty from the University of Minnesota. Our general goal was to assist in determining the advisability of further development of a preliminary agricultural and veterinary faculty and student exchange program between Cuba and the University of Minnesota. The more specific objectives were to observe and interpret the current status of agricultural production and research, with special attention to organizational structure, educational programs, and research priorities and progress in relation to national production goals. Included were one faculty member each from plant pathology, animal science, veterinary medicine, and horticultural science.3 Our visit represented the first on-site analysis of training, research and production in Cuba by U.S. agricultural scientists since the culmination of the revolution in 1959.
Methods of Increasing Seed Germination of Winged Bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.1, 3
Authors: Csizinszky Alexander A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of winged bean, accessions TPt-1 and ‘Chimbu’, treated in dilute H2SO4 (8:1 by volume in H2O) for 5 minutes at 62°C followed by a 5 minute rinse under running tap water gave 96-100% germination with no apparent injury to the emerging seedlings.