bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struggling with Conceptual Framings to Understand Swedish Displacement Processes
Authors: Listerborn Carina , Baeten Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on displacement has a long trajectory in Western geography and urban studies. In a Swedish context theory formation around displacement re-emerged in the 2010s as a response to an increasingly heated housing market, increased gentrification and growing homelessness, and as a consequence of ‘renoviction’ processes. Learning from empirical research in Sweden, the Nordic experiences differ from the Anglo-American context, and set ground for a theoretical discussion on how to understand the specificities of displacement processes in (post-)welfare societies. In this chapter we investigate some Swedish manifestations of displacement that cannot easily be grasped by conceptual apparatuses often developed in an Anglo-American context. The process of displacement in a Swedish (and Nordic) context is often more indirect and slower but its eventual outcomes have the same damaging effects on its victims. The chapter provides both an historical and contemporary view of Swedish displacement processes and practices, and we argue that we cannot uncritically import a conceptual apparatus that grew out of other socio-spatial contexts and develop particular understandings of displacement based on Nordic empirical observations.
Translating Space: The Rise and Fall of Central Place Theory and Planning-Geography in Sweden
Authors: Wikman Pär , Mohall Marcus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the emergence and eventual decline of a distinctive kind of planning-oriented human geography in post-war Sweden and the closely related adaptation of Walter Christaller’s central place theory by geographers such as Torsten Hägerstrand and Sven Godlund. The rapidly expanding Swedish welfare state gave rise to a demand for skills and expertise of a kind many geographers were eager to provide, and Christaller’s abstract framework allowed them to position themselves as producers of socially useful knowledge. Eventually, however, several voices raised concerns about how the focus on planning and the dominance of reductive theories such as central place theory constrained the academic development of the discipline. The end of the expansive phase of the welfare state also decreased the demand for the expertise geographers had provided. In essence, the popularity of central place theory was tethered to a particular historical moment, and it only allowed for rather narrow analyses of socio-spatial relations. Nonetheless, the theory played a key role in the transformation of Swedish human geography into a modern social science, insofar as the comparatively novel understanding of space it provided contributed to the development of more complex and philosophical theories and approaches to geography.
Trends and Challenges in Nordic Gender Geography
Authors: Forsberg Gunnel , Stenbacka Susanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of Nordic gender geography is closely related to societal transformation. The way the gendered labour market is structured and re-structured is a recurrent theme for investigation. In this chapter, we discuss Nordic gender geography since its establishment in the 1980s, with the aim of scrutinising long-term and contemporary trends and challenges. We discern an engagement in issues based on socio-spatial conditions, where agency, identity and intersectional perspectives work together with materiality, institutions and structures. Nordic gender geography thereby contributes with a contextual gender theory, emphasising space as both a designer and an interpreter of gender relations. Regional and local gender relations become a player in the structure-agency relationship, and we argue that socio-spatial gender theorising can modify the idea of universal and all-embracing theoretical explanation of how gender is constructed. Nordic gender geography constitutes a prevailing and growing potential for a significant contribution to gender theory and to socio-spatial analysis of power.
Challenges Facing the Philosophy of Education in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Bagheri Noaparast Khosrow 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew trends in the philosophy of education in the twenty-first century have sprung from their background in the twentieth century. This essay introduces the twentieth-century philosophies within Dewey’s early pragmatism and other “ism” movements as well as the educational revolution of analytic philosophy. The twenty-first century has introduced reactions (i.e., new pragmatism, post-structuralism, post-modernism, and constructivism), and each of these trends is shown to have provided a new horizon in philosophical thought on education. However, the new trends are also expected to have their own weaknesses. For instance, Rorty is too quick to reject scientific objectivity, Derrida undermines the roles of agents in favor of taking deconstruction as an event, post-modernists are too quick to reject generality in modern thought, and constructivists ignore the power of reality. Thus, educational thought could learn: from new pragmatism to resist naïve scientism but it should be alert not to ignore the real power of scientific thought; from post-structuralism to put educational structures under scrutiny in terms of educational justice but it should take the role of agents more seriously into account in moderating the power of structures; from post-modernism to be alert to local requirements for education but give similar weight to generality too; and finally from constructivism to embrace creativity in the classroom without replacing the discovery dimension of truth with it altogether.
New School Designs and Sustainable Development
Authors: Amann Beatriz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe twenty-first-century context of global transformation has had a direct consequence on educational goals and methods. Contemporary education has introduced a natural focus attending to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This involves an evolution of teaching methods and dynamics. Does the future of education require the transformation of school space designs? Can space positively accompany new school education? How can space design become an agent of change at this point? The objectives guiding this chapter seek to answer these questions and identify potential design criteria for a space design that would be able to reinforce contemporary pedagogical models. The study uses an inductive methodology that works with the criticism of the process as a specific analysis tool that analyzes the interactions among the systems included in the space ecosystem. Thus, interactions between contemporary educational models and interior design can be identified. This chapter shows space as a reactive factor within the pedagogical model. As the main finding, specific space design criteria capable of accompanying contemporary educational models based on sustainable development are additionally identified for new school designs.
Twenty-First-Century Teacher Competencies and Trends in Teacher Training
Authors: Gümüş Arife 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the context of digitalization, globalization, and internationalization, the twenty-first century has changed societies as well as their institutions and concepts, significantly affecting powerful communication technologies and the speed and forms of access to information. Being employable, coping with global competition, and having the appropriate equipment and skills for the professions of the future have become more important than ever in an information-intensive economic structure. The question of how education will function in adapting to the new work order and managing and categorizing knowledge has been important. Considering the success teachers have in achieving the purpose of education, what the skills of both the learner and the teacher should be in order to adapt to the rapidly changing world has become more important. Changing learning environments and styles, new student profiles, and transformations in social life and the business world are critical issues for the role of the teacher. This study discusses the skills teachers should have and tendencies toward teacher training within the scope of twenty-first-century standards. We make the following recommendations: having holistic goals for teachers’ pre-service, in-service, and professional development; providing opportunities for national and international mobility; promoting better salaries and working conditions; providing continuous professional development opportunities for teachers just starting their profession; lightening the curriculum while preserving wages; participating in guidance programs; facilitating access to resources; providing opportunities to systematically associate theory and practice; supporting consultation with colleagues; and encouraging the selection of mentors only from qualified and experienced specialist teachers in both in pre-service and in-service teacher training.
Scientific Paradigm Shifts and Curriculum: Experiences in the Transition to Social Constructivist Education in Turkey and Singapore
Authors: Ulukütük Mehmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the relationship between changes in the scientific paradigm and curriculum after 2000 in Turkey and Singapore as case countries that experienced the transition to social constructivist education. This chapter explores the following questions: Can the traces of paradigm shifts be seen in the curricula? What was the education curriculum like in Turkey and Singapore before 2000? Have any changes occurred in the curricula in Turkey and Singapore after 2000? If any apparent changes have occurred in the curricula, how can they be explained through the relationship with the science-knowledge paradigm shift? After 2000, Singapore and Turkey were observed to have adopted the contextual and subjectivist paradigm, which changes based on idiosyncratic conditions, rather than the objectivist science-knowledge paradigm based on the positivist paradigm. Since 2000, Turkey has started to apply the constructivist paradigm in its education system after trying out various education approaches. Likewise, Singapore started to search for a new paradigm following its independence from England in 1959 and separation from Malesia in 1965. Even though the change in Turkey’s curriculum after the 2000s indicates positivism to be questioned, the realist ontology and objectivist approach to knowledge have apparently not been put behind. In the case of Singapore, the constructivism that had evolved over time emerged in the curriculum, not the relativist and anti-realist constructivism. Singapore’s success compared to Turkey’s is debatable; nevertheless, Singapore’s performance on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is noteworthy.
Current Trends in School Management: School Leadership in Education 4.0
Authors: Çetin Münevver , Karsantık İsmail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeeting the needs of industrial development and reflecting the emerging demands onto the field of education has led to the emergence of Education 4.0 and initiated pedagogical, cultural, and managerial transformation in education in this direction. As a result of this transformation, macroscale structures and policies have been replaced by a microscale, web-oriented, local government paradigm. This section discusses current trends in education management and school leadership which are examined in the light of new education and management paradigms. In this direction, the shift in the education management paradigm, the sources of change, the role of school leaders in organizational development, the expected characteristics of school leaders in Education 4.0, and the use of the Internet of Things in education management and monitoring systems are addressed. In Education 4.0, the concepts of innovation management, digital literacy, productivity, collective participation in management and decisions, education communities, and capacity development are prominent in school leadership. This section emphasizes that strategic leaders who are able to adapt to the paradigm shift contribute and direct the formation of school culture and values. In this direction, the importance of organizing trainings for developing leadership skills and raising leaders who will help to restructure schools and shape cultural trends are underlined in the chapter. Emphasis is placed on the importance of raising leaders with technological skills who can use multi-channel communication strategies in school management.
The link between corporate sustainability and willingness to invest: new evidence from the field of ethical investments
Authors: Lingnau Volker , Fuchs Florian , Beham Florian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, academia has addressed a wide range of research topics in the field of ethical decision-making. Besides a great amount of research on ethical consumption, also the domain of ethical investments increasingly moves in the focus of scholars. While in this area most research focuses on whether socially or environmentally sustainable businesses outperform traditional investments financially or investigates the character traits as well as other socio-demographic factors of ethical investors, the impact of sustainable corporate conduct on the investment intentions of private investors still requires further research. Hence, we conducted two studies to shed more light on this highly relevant topic. After discussing the current state of research, in our first empirical study, we explore whether besides the traditional triad of risk, return, and liquidity, also sustainability exerts a significant impact on the willingness to invest. As hypothesized, we find that sustainability shows a clear and decisive impact in addition to the traditional factors. In a consecutive study, we investigate deeper into the sustainability-willingness to invest link. Here, our results show that improved sustainability might not pay off in terms of investment attractiveness, however and conversely, it certainly harms to conduct business in a non-sustainable manner, which cannot even be compensated by an increased return.
The RTM harmonic correction revisited
Authors: Klees R. , Seitz K. , Slobbe D. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we derive improved expressions for the harmonic correction to gravity and, for the first time, expressions for the harmonic correction to potential and height anomaly. They need to be applied at stations buried inside the masses to transform internal values into harmonically downward continued values, which are then input to local quasi-geoid modelling using least-squares collocation or least-squares techniques in combination with the remove-compute-restore approach. Harmonic corrections to potential and height anomaly were assumed to be negligible so far resulting in yet unknown quasi-geoid model errors. The improved expressions for the harmonic correction to gravity, and the new expressions for the harmonic correction to potential and height anomaly are used to quantify the approximation errors of the commonly used harmonic correction to gravity and to quantify the magnitude of the harmonic correction to potential and height anomaly. This is done for two test areas with different topographic regimes. One comprises parts of Norway and the North Atlantic where the presence of deep, long, and narrow fjords suggest extreme values for the harmonic correction to potential and height anomaly and corresponding large errors of the commonly used approximation of the harmonic correction to gravity. The other one is located in the Auvergne test area with a moderate topography comprising both flat and hilly areas and therefore may be representative for many areas around the world. For both test areas, two RTM surfaces with different smoothness are computed simulating the use of a medium-resolution and an ultra-high-resolution reference gravity field, respectively. We show that the errors of the commonly used harmonic correction to gravity may be as large as the harmonic correction itself and attain peak values in areas of strong topographic variations of about 100 mGal. Moreover, we show that this correction may introduce long-wavelength biases in the computed quasi-geoid model. Furthermore, we show that the harmonic correction to height anomaly can attain values on the order of a decimetre at some points. Overall, however, the harmonic correction to height anomaly needs to be applied only in areas of strong topographic variations. In flat or hilly areas, it is mostly smaller than one centimetre. Finally, we show that the harmonic corrections increase with increasing smoothness of the RTM surface, which suggests to use a RTM surface with a spatial resolution comparable to the finest scales which can be resolved by the data rather than depending on the resolution of the global geopotential model used to reduce the data.
Rigid, strained, and flexible: a DFT study of a backbone-affected monohydride formation of salen and salan complexes
Authors: Purgel Mihály 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe monohydride formation of some palladium(II)-sulfosalen and sulfosalan catalysts was studied by DFT methods. The coordination of the hydrogen molecule to the metal center and the following heterolytic dissociation of the coordinated hydrogen could occur in a two-step or a concerted process resulting in a monohydride complex and having a protonated dissociated phenolate arm. The effect of the backbone frame of the ligands (the molecular unit between two nitrogen atoms) strongly determines the energetics and the type of the hydride formation. Rigid, strained, and flexible molecular structures were studied covering a wide range of planar and spherical types of backbones. Besides the previously studied Direct 1 and Direct 2 mechanisms, three other mechanisms of direct monohydride formation were found. Known and fictive structures were studied to predict kinetically and thermodynamically preferred pathways as well as complexes for this type of reaction.
Graphical Abstract
Preclinical investigations using [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA toward its clinical translation for radioligand therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Tschan Viviane J. , Borgna Francesca , Busslinger Sarah D. , Stirn Martina , Rodriguez Josep M. Monné , Bernhardt Peter , Schibli Roger , Müller Cristina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract[177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA was previously characterized with moderate albumin-binding properties enabling high tumor accumulation but reasonably low retention in the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA in preclinical in vivo experiments and compare its therapeutic efficacy and potential undesired side effects with those of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and the previously developed [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56. BALB/c nude mice without tumors were investigated on Day 10 and 28 after injection of 10 MBq radioligand. It was revealed that most plasma parameters were in the same range for all groups of mice and histopathological examinations of healthy tissue did not show any alternations in treated mice as compared to untreated controls. Based on these results, a therapy study over twelve weeks was conducted with PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice for comparison of the radioligands’s therapeutic efficacy up to an activity of 10 MBq (1 nmol) per mouse. In agreement with the increased mean absorbed tumor dose, [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA (~ 6.6 Gy/MBq) was more effective to inhibit tumor growth than [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (~ 4.5 Gy/MBq) and only moderately less potent than [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 (~ 8.1 Gy/MBq). As a result, the survival of mice treated with 2 MBq of an albumin-binding radioligand was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that of mice injected with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 or untreated controls. The majority of mice treated with 5 MBq or 10 MBq [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA or [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 were still alive at study end. Hemograms of immunocompetent mice injected with 30 MBq [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA or 30 MBq [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 showed values in the same range as untreated controls. This was, however, not the case for mice treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 which revealed a drop in lymphocytes and hemoglobin at Day 10 and Day 28 after injection. The data of this study demonstrated a significant therapeutic advantage of [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA over [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and a more favorable safety profile as compared to that of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56. Based on these results, [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA may has the potential for a clinical translation.
The effect of long calcar screws on the primary stability of 3-part, varus impacted proximal humeral fractures compared to short calcar screws: a real fracture simulation study
Authors: Ott Nadine , Hackl Michael , Prescher Andreas , Scaal Martin , Lanzerath Fabian , Müller Lars Peter , Wegmann Kilian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Complex proximal humeral fracture ranks among the most common fracture types, especially in elderly patients. In locked plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures, the calcar is deciding for screws providing further medial column support. To date, the biomechanical effect of the length of these calcar screws is not well known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of long calcar screws on fresh frozen prefractured cadaveric specimens.

Methods
In the present biomechanical study, 8 pairs of cadaveric proximal humeri were fractured identically using a custom-made fracture simulator. ORIF was performed using a locking plate (PHILOS; Fa. Synthes). The specimens were tested in a biomechanical setup under increased axial load without any calcar screws installed, with short calcar screws and long calcar screws installed. Strain gages (4-wire-120 Ohm, Fa. Vishay) mounted on the locking plate were used to evaluate the fixation strain and to give an estimate for primary stability..

Results
The measured strain of the locking plate without calcar screws (804,64 µm/m) at maximum load (200 N) was significantly higher than with short (619,07 µm/m; p = 0.02) or long calcar screws (527,31 µm/m; p = 0.007). Additionally, strain with short calcar screws was noticeably higher in comparison to long calcar screws (619,07 µm/m vs. 527,31 µm/m; p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Use of calcar screws improves the stability of realistically impacted 3-part varus humeral fractures. Long calcar screws that are positioned as close as possible to the joint provide further primary stability compared to short calcar screws.

Level of evidence
Basic science study.
Therapy of pyogenic liver abscess with a primarily unknown cause
Authors: Meister Phil , Irmer Hannes , Paul Andreas , Hoyer Dieter P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a collection of pus in the liver, often without a known direct cause. There is discord on the best diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. We aimed to examine these questions in our patient cohort.

Methods
A total of 66 out of 309 patients with PLA at our tertiary referral center between 2012 and 2020 had a primarily unknown cause. We analyzed PLA configuration, comorbidities, and whether an underlying cause could be found later. Therapy was sorted by antibiotics alone, percutaneous drainage, and primary surgery. Success was assessed by a change of initial therapy, in-hospital mortality, and mean hospital stay.

Results
Overall mortality was 18%; in 55%, a causative condition could be found. CRP, GGT, size, and multiple localization go along with higher mortality. Antibiotics alone had a failure rate of 82%. Percutaneous drainage was successful in 70% of cases. Surgery was mainly reserved for failed previous non-surgical treatment and had in-hospital mortality of 12%.

Conclusions
PLA goes along with high mortality. In the majority of all patients, a causative condition can be identified by detailed diagnostics. Percutaneous drainage together with antibiotics is the therapy of choice and is successful in 70% of cases. If drainage is insufficient or impossible, surgery is an effective alternative.