bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actual and Perceived Motor Competence, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Schoolchildren: Latent Profile and Transition Analyses
Authors: Kolunsarka Iiris , Gråstén Arto , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: November 2022

Engagement in physical activity plays a central role in the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight/obesity. However, some children may lack the skills and confidence to be physically active. This 3-year follow-up study aimed to form profiles based on cardiorespiratory fitness, actual motor competence, perceived motor competence, physical activity, and weight status, and to examine if these profiles remain stable from late childhood to early adolescence. All these variables were annually assessed in 1,162 Finnish schoolchildren (girls = 583 and boys = 564, Mage = 11.27 ± 0.32 years). Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles and latent transition analysis to examine the stability of latent statuses. Three profiles were identified: normal weight with high movement, normal weight with low movement, and overweight–obese with low movement. Profile memberships remained relatively stable over time, indicating that children with low actual and perceived motor competence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity in late childhood also tended to exhibit these characteristics in early adolescence.
Prostate MRI versus PSA screening for prostate cancer detection (the MVP Study): a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Nam Robert , Patel Chirag , Milot Laurent , Hird Amanda , Wallis Christopher , Macinnis Patrick , Singh Mala , Emmenegger Urban , Sherman Christopher , Haider Masoom A 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesOur objective was to compare prostate cancer detection rates between patients undergoing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) vs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer screening.DesignPhase III open-label randomised controlled trial.SettingSingle tertiary cancer centre in Toronto, Canada.ParticipantsMen 50 years of age and older with no history of PSA screening for ≥3 years, a negative digital rectal exam and no prior prostate biopsy.InterventionsPatients were recommended to undergo a prostate biopsy if their PSA was ≥2.6 ng/mL (PSA arm) or if they had a PIRADS score of 4 or 5 (MRI arm). Patients underwent an end-of-study PSA in the MRI arm.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdenocarcinoma on prostate biopsy. Prostate biopsy rates and the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer were also compared.ResultsA total of 525 patients were randomised, with 266 in the PSA arm and 248 in the MRI arm. Due to challenges with accrual and study execution during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was terminated early. In the PSA arm, 48 patients had an abnormal PSA and 28 (58%) agreed to undergo a prostate biopsy. In the MRI arm, 25 patients had a PIRADS score of 4 or 5 and 24 (96%) agreed to undergo a biopsy. The relative risk for MRI to recommend a prostate biopsy was 0.52 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.82, p=0.005), compared with PSA. The cancer detection rate for patients in the PSA arm was 29% (8 of 28) vs 63% (15 of 24, p=0.019) in the MRI arm, with a higher proportion of clinically significant cancer detected in the MRI arm (73% vs 50%). The relative risk for detecting cancer and clinically significant with MRI compared with PSA was 1.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 4.38, p=0.14) and 2.77 (95% CI 0.89 to 8.59, p=0.07), respectively.ConclusionsProstate MRI as a stand-alone screening test reduced the rate of prostate biopsy. The number of clinically significant cancers detected was higher in the MRI arm, but this did not reach statistical significance. Due to early termination, the study was underpowered. More patients were willing to follow recommendations for prostate biopsy based on MRI results.Trial registration numberNCT02799303.
Indicators of optimal diabetes care and burden of diabetes complications in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Chamba Nyasatu , Andia-Biraro Irene , Kilonzo Kajiru , Laizer Sweetness Naftal , Sekitoleko Isaac , Kyazze Andrew Peter , Ninsiima Sandra , Ssekamatte Phillip , Bongomin Felix , Mrema Lucy Elauteri , Olomi Willyhelmina , Mbunda Theodora D , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Sabi Issa , Sharples Katrina , Hill Philip , te Brake Lindsey , VandeMaat Josephine , vanCrevel Reinout , Critchley Julia Alison 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveContemporary data on the attainment of optimal diabetes treatment goals and the burden of diabetes complications in adult populations with type 2 diabetes in Africa are lacking. We aimed to document the current status of attainment of three key indicators of optimal diabetes care and the prevalence of five diabetes complications in adult African populations with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe systematically searched Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane library for published studies from January 2000 to December 2020. Included studies reported any information on the proportion of attainment of optimal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) goals and/or prevalence of five diabetes complications (diabetic peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, foot ulcers and peripheral arterial disease). Random effect model meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled proportion of attainment of the three treatment goals and the prevalence of five diabetes complications.ResultsIn total, 109 studies with a total of 63 890 participants (53.3% being females) were included in the meta-analysis. Most of the studies were conducted in Eastern African countries (n=44, 40.4%). The pooled proportion of attainment of an optimal HbA1c, BP and LDLC goal was 27% (95% CI 24 to 30, I2=94.7%), 38% (95% CI 30 to 46, I2=98.7%) and 42% (95% CI 32 to 52, I2=97.4%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral arterial disease and foot ulcers was 38% (95% CI 31 to 45, I2=98.2%), 32% (95% CI 28 to 36, I2=98%), 31% (95% CI 22 to 41, I2=99.3%), 19% (95% CI 12 to 25, I2=98.1%) and 11% (95% CI 9 to 14, I2=97.4%), respectively.ConclusionAttainment of optimal diabetes treatment goals, especially HbA1c, in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Africa remains a challenge. Diabetes complications, especially diabetic peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy, are highly prevalent in adult populations with type 2 diabetes in Africa.
Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety among the population in an urban area of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Zhang Juhua , Yao Huiqing , Jin Pengfei , Zhao Fei , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to explore the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety disorder among the population in an urban area of China.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsResidents aged 30–70 years who have lived for over 6 months in Shanghai from December 2018 to April 2019 were included in the study.Outcome measuresThe main study outcome was the prevalence of anxiety. The association of demographic information, medical expenses, living habits and sleep conditions with anxiety was also evaluated based on the collected data using structured questionnaires.ResultsAmong 5063 participants, 498 (9.84%, 95% CI: 9.02% to 10.66%) suffered from anxiety. The female sex, age 60–70 years old, lower educational level, partly self-expenses, higher family medical expenses in the past year, stroke history, hypertension history, dyslipidaemia history, diabetes history, drinking, sleeping on average <6 hours per day and waking up suffocating during sleep were associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, type of medical expenses, family medical expenses, hours of sleep and waking up suffocating were related to anxiety (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur findings showed an alarmingly high prevalence of anxiety in the population living in an urban area of China. Sleep time <6 hours and waking up suffocating had a significant association with anxiety. These findings suggest that future anxiety prevention programmes in urban areas should incorporate interventions targeted at these factors, such as improving residents’ sleep quality.
Sex differences in health-related quality of life trajectories following myocardial infarction: national longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Dondo Tatendashe Bernadette , Munyombwe Theresa , Hall Marlous , Hurdus Ben , Soloveva Anzhela , Oliver Gerard , Aktaa Suleman , West Robert M , Hall Alistair S , Gale Chris P 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate sex-based differences in baseline values and longitudinal trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a large cohort of myocardial infarction (MI) survivors after adjusting for other important factors.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingPopulation-based longitudinal study the Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events study linked with national cardiovascular registry. Data were collected from 77 hospitals in England between 1 November 2011 and 24 June 2015.Participants9551 patients with MI. Patients were eligible for the study if they were ≥18 years of age.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHRQoL was measured by EuroQol five-dimension, visual analogue scale (EQ-5D, EQ VAS) survey at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months after discharge. Multi-level linear and logistic regression models coupled with inverse probability weighted propensity scoring were used to evaluate sex differences in HRQoL following MI.ResultsOf the 9551 patients with MI and complete data on sex, 25.1% (2,397) were women. At baseline, women reported lower HRQoL (EQ VAS (mean (SD) 59.8 (20.4) vs 64.5 (20.9)) (median (IQR) 60.00 (50.00–75.00) vs 70.00 (50.00–80.00))) (EQ-5D (mean (SD) 0.66 (0.31) vs 0.74 (0.28)) (median (IQR) 0.73 (0.52–0.85) vs 0.81 (0.62–1.00))) and were more likely to report problems in each HRQoL domain compared with men. In the covariate balanced and adjusted multi-level model sex differences in HRQoL persisted during follow-up, with lower EQ VAS and EQ-5D scores in women compared with men (adjusted EQ VAS model sex coefficient: −4.41, 95% CI −5.16 to −3.66 and adjusted EQ-5D model sex coefficient: −0.07, 95% CI −0.08 to −0.06).ConclusionsWomen have lower HRQoL compared with men at baseline and during 12 months follow-up after MI. Tailored interventions for women following an MI could improve their quality of life.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04598048,NCT01808027,NCT01819103
Test reliability and comparability of paper and Chinese electronic version of the western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Zhao Ye , Liu Kaoqiang , Chai Yongli , Lin Fen , Zhan Hongsheng , Zheng Yuxin , Yuan Weian 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) is the most commonly used indicator of disease-specific outcome in knee osteoarthritis for its convenience and reliability. It has two formats the paper-based WOMAC (p-WOMAC) and the electronic WOMAC (e-WOMAC). In China, the p-WOMAC has been widely used though e-WOMAC is yet untested. This study aims to test whether e-WOMAC is consistent with the p-WOMAC before and after the intervention.Methods and analysisA total of 70 patients from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine will be randomly assigned in two groups, named, group A and group B. This study is divided into three stages. In the first stage, patients in group A will be evaluated first by p-WOMAC and then by e-WOMAC. Patients in group B will be evaluated by e-WOMAC and then by p-WOMAC. In the second stage of the study, drug interventions will be implemented. 200 mg celecoxib will be administered orally once a day starting from the second day of enrolment for a period of 21 days. In the third stage, postintervention evaluation will be conducted after administration. Patients in group A will be evaluated first by e-WOMAC and then by p-WOMAC. Patients in group B will be evaluated first by p-WOMAC and then by e-WOMAC. In order to avoid the possible bias because of patients’ potential memory, e-WOMAC and p-WOMAC will be taken for each patient at 15 min apart. The primary outcome of the study is the mean score difference in WOMAC, and the secondary outcomes are the score differences in WOMAC subscales: pain, stiffness and physical function.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Independent Review Board of SGH (approval number: 2020-814-21-01). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050914.
What should nurses do on post-stroke depression? A global systematic assessment of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Jiang Li , Cheng Linqing , Li Xingyu , Yan Jie 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesPost-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common mental disorder in post-stroke patients. Yet, the recommendations related to nursing in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have not been systematically sorted out. This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of current CPGs related to PSD and develop an algorithm using nursing process as a framework for nurses.DesignA systematic assessment of CPGs.InterventionsA systematic search for relevant CPGs published between 2017 and 2022 was conducted. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ instrument was used to assess methodological quality. Recommendations related to nursing practice from high-quality CPGs were summarised and developed into an algorithm to provide reference for the standardised construction of nursing practice scheme.Results497 records were initially identified from database searches and other sources. Finally, 12 CPGs were included, of which 6 were rated as high quality. A total of 35 recommendations from the 6 highest-scoring CPGs were summarised and used to develop an algorithm.ConclusionsThis study indicated deficiencies and variability in current available CPGs. Based on six high-quality CPGs, we developed an algorithm to facilitate nurses’ adherence to CPGs and contribute to evidence-based nursing. In the future, more nursing specialists should participate in the formulation of the CPGs to provide nursing insights.
BeatPain Utah: study protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial examining telehealth strategies to provide non-pharmacologic pain care for persons with chronic low back pain receiving care in federally qualified health centers
Authors: Fritz Julie M , Del Fiol Guilherme , Gibson Bryan , Wetter David W , Solis Victor , Bennett Emily , Thackeray Anne , Goode Adam , Lundberg Kelly , Romero Adrianna , Ford Isaac , Stevens Leticia , Siaperas Tracey , Morales Jennyfer , Yack Melissa , Greene Tom 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAlthough evidence-based guidelines recommend non-pharmacologic treatments as first-line care for chronic low back pain (LBP), uptake has been limited, particularly in rural, low-income and ethnically diverse communities. The BeatPain study will evaluate the implementation and compare the effectiveness of two strategies to provide non-pharmacologic treatment for chronic LBP. The study will use telehealth to overcome access barriers for persons receiving care in federally qualified health centres (FQHCs) in the state of Utah.Methods and analysisBeatPain Utah is a pragmatic randomised clinical trial with a hybrid type I design investigating different strategies to provide non-pharmacologic care for adults with chronic LBP seen in Utah FQHCs. The intervention strategies include a brief pain consult (BPC) and telehealth physical therapy (PT) component provided using either an adaptive or sequenced delivery strategy across two 12-week treatment phases. Interventions are provided via telehealth by centrally located physical therapists. The sequenced delivery strategy provides the BPC, followed by telehealth PT in the first 12 weeks for all patients. The adaptive strategy uses a stepped care approach and provides the BPC in the first 12 weeks and telehealth PT to patients who are non-responders to the BPC component. We will recruit 500 English-speaking or Spanish-speaking participants who will be individually randomised with 1:1 allocation. The primary outcome is the Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity measure of pain impact with secondary outcomes including the additional pain assessment domains specified by the National Institutes (NIH) of Health Helping to End Addiction Long Initiative and implementation measures. Analyses of primary and secondary measures of effectiveness will be performed under longitudinal mixed effect models across assessments at baseline, and at 12, 26 and 52 weeks follow-ups.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the study was obtained from the University of Utah Institutional Review Board. On completion, study data will be made available in compliance with NIH data sharing policies.Trial registration numberNCT04923334.
Antibiotic Treatment foLlowing surgical drAinage of perianal abScess (ATLAS): protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial
Authors: van Oostendorp Justin Y , Dekker Lisette , van Dieren Susan , Bemelman Willem A , Han-Geurts Ingrid J M 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPerianal fistula is a burdening disease with an annual incidence of 6–12/100 000 in Western countries. More than 90% of crypto-glandular fistulas originate from perianal abscess. Despite adequate drainage, up to 83% recur or result in an anal fistula, the majority developing within 12 months. There is some evidence that gut-derived bacteria play a role in the development of perianal fistula. Up till now, it is not common practice to routinely administer prophylactic antibiotics to prevent anal fistula development. There is a need for a study to establish whether adding antibiotic treatment to surgical drainage of perianal abscess results in a reduction in perianal fistulas.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial investigates whether addition of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) to surgical drainage of a perianal abscess is beneficial compared with surgical drainage alone. The primary outcome is the development of a perianal fistula within 1 year. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, treatment costs, need for repeated drainage, patient-reported outcomes and other clinical outcomes. Participants are recruited in one academic and seven peripheral Dutch clinics. To demonstrate a reduction of perianal fistula from 30% to 15% when treated with adjuvant antibiotics with a two-sided alpha of 0.05, a power of 80% and taking a 10% loss to follow-up percentage into account, the total sample size will be 298 participants. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (nr. 2021_010). Written consent is obtained from each participant prior to randomisation into the study. The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and spread to coloproctological associations.Trial registration numbers2020-004449-35;NCT05385887.
Choroid plexus enlargement in paediatric multiple sclerosis: clinical relevance and effect of sex
Authors: Margoni Monica , Gueye Mor , Meani Alessandro , Pagani Elisabetta , Moiola Lucia , Preziosa Paolo , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundChoroid plexus (CP) enlargement has been suggested as a reliable marker of neuroinflammation in adult multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated CP volume in patients with paediatric MS compared with matched healthy controls (HC), possible sex-related effect, and the associations with clinical and structural MRI variables.MethodsBrain 3.0 T dual-echo and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted sequences were selected retrospectively from 69 patients with paediatric MS and 23 age-matched and sex-matched HC. CP volume was manually obtained from 3D T1-weighted scans by two expert raters.ResultsCP segmentation was highly reproducible (intraobserver agreement: rater I=0.963, rater II=0.958; interobserver agreement=0.968). Compared with HC, patients with paediatric MS showed higher normalised CP volume (p<0.001). Both female and male patients with paediatric MS showed higher normalised CP volume compared with sex-matched HC (women: p<0.001 and men: p=0.021), with a significant disease×sex interaction (p=0.040). In patients with MS, a higher normalised CP volume was significantly associated with higher brain lesional volume (β=0.252, p=0.017), larger lateral ventricle volume (β=0.470, false discovery rate (FDR)-p<0.001), lower normalised brain volume (β=−0.413, FDR-p=0.002) and lower normalised thalamic volume (β=0.291, FDR-p=0.046). No associations with disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, normalised cortical and white matter volumes were found (FDR-p≥0.172). A significant effect of the disease in the negative association between normalised volumes of CP and thalami was observed (FDR-p=0.046).ConclusionsCP enlargement occurs in paediatric MS, suggesting its early involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease. The higher CP volume, which is found especially in female patients, supports the hypothesis of sex-related differences occurring already in paediatric MS.
Analgesic benefits of single-shot versus continuous adductor canal block for total knee arthroplasty: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Brull Richard , Zhou Steven , Schroell Robert , McCartney Colin , Sawyer Tamara , Abdallah Faraj 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAdductor canal block (ACB) can provide important analgesic benefits following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), however, the extent to which these benefits can be enhanced or prolonged by a continuous catheter-based infusion compared with a single-shot injection of local anesthetic is unclear.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42021292738) review sought to compare the analgesic effectiveness of single shot to continuous ACB following TKA.Evidence reviewWe sought randomized trials from the US National Library of Medicine database (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to November 1, 2021, that compared single-shot to continuous ACB in adult patients undergoing TKA. The primary outcomes were (1) area under the curve (AUC) pain severity at rest and (2) cumulative opioid (oral morphine equivalent) consumption during the first 48 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain severity scores up to 48 hours, cumulative opioid consumption at 24 hours, functional recovery, opioid-related side effects, and block-related complications. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Statistical pooling was conducted using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects. No funding was obtained for this review.FindingsEleven trials (1185 patients) were included. No differences were observed in rest pain severity (AUC) or cumulative opioid consumption up to 48 hours postoperatively. In addition, no differences were observed in individual postoperative rest pain scores in the recovery room and at 12 and 24 hours, or in cumulative opioid consumption at 24 hours, functional recovery, and opioid-related side effects. Finally, fewer block-related complications were observed with single-shot ACB, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.24 (0.14 to 0.41) (p=0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that continuous catheter-based ACB does not enhance or prolong the analgesic benefits when compared with single-shot ACB for TKA over the first 48 hours postoperatively. Overall, the results of our meta-analysis do not support the routine use of continuous ACB for postoperative analgesia after TKA.