bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Adipokines and some Steroid Hormones in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yousif Araz M , Ismail Parween A , Ismail Chalak A 
Published: September 2022

The most common cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD), with ischemic heart disease being the most notable type. There is a propensity to raise the sensitivity of methods in contemporary laboratory for diagnosing of CVD, and assessing key as CVD bio-indicators. The urgent task is to seek for different indicators as a hopeful tool for early detection and monitoring of myocardial infarction in blood samples only. This study comprised 117 Volunteers, recorded with both genders in the age range of 32-64 years old. The volunteers were categorized into two groups: 67patients of myocardial infarction, other group embraced 50 healthy individuals. The samples of blood were collected and directed for biochemical analysis to evaluate estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] levels in each group. The following conclusion can be drawn from this study based on statistical assessment of bio-indicator parameters, significantly reduced of testosterone and HDL (P <0.001) levels in myocardial infarction, within non-significantly elevated P <0.061 of progesterone levels in myocardial infarction patients as compared with healthy individuals. The remaining biochemical tests indicated significantly elevated levels in patients with myocardial infarction such as estradiol (P <0.001), adiponectin (P <0.001), leptin (P <0.001), total cholesterol (P <0.001), triglycerides (P <0.001) and LDL (P <0.001) levels. Adipokines (adiponectin, leptin) and some steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone) show crucial roles in the improvement of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and may be utilized as bio-pointer for myocardial infarction exposure, medical conduct and severity. This acknowledgment offers early diagnosis of disease and progression.
Exploring the Relationship between Faculty Mentor Engagement and African American STEM Persistence
Authors: Harris Pheather R. , Nagle Barry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This quantitative study explores factors associated with the persistence rates of African American students aspiring to major in STEM subjects and who ultimately complete undergraduate STEM degrees. The primary data source for this study is the Cooperative Institutional Research Program’s 2009 The Freshman Survey (TFS) and the 2013 College Senior Survey (CSS). The sample included 379 African American students who indicated on TFS that they intended to declare STEM as their major. The findings reveal that African American undergraduates are significantly more likely to persist in STEM majors with increased levels of faculty mentor engagement. The findings demonstrate the need for institutions to implement curricula that encourage meaningful faculty engagement to contribute to the creation of more inclusive academic environments for African American students in STEM.
A comparison of NAFLD and MAFLD diagnostic criteria in contemporary urban healthy adults in China
Authors: Liu Qiling , Zhao Gang , Li Qian , Wu Weiyun , Zhang Yan , Bian Hua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
A recently proposed diagnostic criteria of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is more available for various clinical situations than nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but understanding about MAFLD prevalence and the characteristics of the examination results remain limited in the general adult urban population in China.
Methods
A total of 795 subjects were recruited from Wu Song Branch of Zhongshan Hospital who participated in general health assessment. Of these patients, 369 were diagnosed with fatty liver disease by abdominal B-ultrasonic examination. Information on other examination results was obtained through a questionnaire survey and analysis of blood samples.
Results
Among the 795 people investigated, no significant differences in the prevalence, weight, age, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, blood lipid profile, liver enzyme examination, percentage of overweight, diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia were foundbetween NAFLD and MAFLD patients. Patients with MAFLD had worse metabolic disorders than NAFLD+ MAFLD- patients. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) of NAFLD+ MAFLD- group were lower than NAFLD- MAFLD+ group.
Conclusions
Compared with the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, the MAFLD definition are highly consistent. These criteria can identify a group of people who have not been diagnosed with NAFLD due to excessive drinking or other chronic liver diseases. They have high risks of metabolic disorders and liver fibrosis.
The Effects of Ionotropic GABA Receptor Blockage on Brain in Sepsis-induced Rats
Authors: Ates Gulten , Ozkok Elif , Gundogan Gul Ipek , Tamer Sule 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Encephalopathy develops following sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ failure due to the irregular response of a host to infection. It has high mortality and morbidity rates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inflammation on brain tissue, and the effects of the Gamma-Aminobutyric acid- A (GABAA) receptor antagonist bicuculline in rats with sepsis. Sepsis was experimentally generated in rats using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were divided into four groups as control, LPS (10 mg/kg i.p.), bicuculline (1.5 mg/kg bicuculline methiodide s.c.), and LPS + bicuculline. Electrophysiologic recordings and body temperature measurements were completed at the 24th hour after injection, and blood samples were taken from the heart for measurements of biochemical parameters. TNF-α, IL-10, and GABA levels were measured using ELISA, and MDA levels were measured using the Bouge method from tissue. Tissue imaging was performed with S100-ß, NEUN, and synaptophysin antibody using immunofluorescence staining. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used in statistical analysis. Inflammatory parameters significantly increased in brain tissue in the LPS group compared with the other groups. The immunofluorescence staining results in brain tissue were as follows: S-100ß involvement increased, and NeuN and synaptophysin involvement decreased in the LPS group. In electrophysiologic recordings, activity consistent with acute non-focal seizures was observed in the LPS group; however, resting status in others. We suggest that the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide may be a prophylactic agent in sepsis, which caused the impaired neurotransmitter balance, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid peroxidation, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of A-strain isolates of Maize streak virus from western Ethiopia
Authors: Ketsela Daniel , Oyeniran Kehinde Adewole , Bekele Berhanu , Fontenele Rafaela S , Kraberger Simona , Varsani Arvind 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The A-strain of Maize streak virus (MSV) causes maize streak disease (MSD) which is a major biotic threat to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have described different MSV strains of economic importance from southern and eastern African countries, and how eastern African regions are hubs for MSV diversification. Despite these efforts, and lack of extensive sampling, there is limited knowledge about the MSV-A diversity in Ethiopia. Here, field sampling of maize plants and wild grasses with visible MSD symptoms were carried out in western Ethiopian regions of Gambela, Oromia, and Benishangul-Gumuz, during the maize growing season of 2019. The complete genomes of MSV isolates (n = 60) were cloned and Sanger sequenced. We use a model based phylogenetic approach to analyse 725 full MSV genome sequences available in the GenBank together with newly recovered genomes from Ethiopia to determine their subtypes and recombinant lineages. Of the 127 fields accessed, MSD prevalence was highest at 96% in Gambela region, and lowest in Oromia at 66%. Highest mean symptom severity of 4/5, (where 5 is the highest and 1 the lowest) was observed for both Gambela and Benishangul-Gumuz. Our results show that these newly determined MSV isolates belong in the recombinant lineage V of the A1 subtype with the widest dissemination, and economic significance in the sub-Saharan Africa and the adjacent Indian Ocean islands.
The constitutive immune response of Long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) does not vary with sex, age, reproductive activity, and migratory habits
Authors: Rivera-Ruiz David A. , Flores-Martínez Jose Juan , Rosales Carlos , M. L. Gerardo Herrera 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In contrast to birds, the relationship between migration and immune response has been scarcely studied in bats. We examined how the expression of the humoral portion of the constitutive immune response varied in a bat with partial and differential migration: the Lesser longed-nosed bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Phyllostomidae). The Lesser longed-nosed bat is a nectarivorous species in which pregnant females migrate ~ 1,500 km along the Pacific Coast to northern Mexico and southern USA in spring-summer where they have their young, while males and some females remain throughout the year in west-central Mexico. We measured bacterial killing ability (BKA) in plasma of males and females throughout the year and along its geographic distribution in the Pacific coast. We also examined if BKA varied with sex, age category and reproductive activity. We found that BKA values did not vary significantly with reproductive activity, migratory behavior, sex and age. However, big interindividual variation indicates that other intrinsic factors not examined in our study might play a role in bactericidal activity. Our findings and those of previous bat studies indicate that, in contrast to other migratory vertebrates, migratory bats do not regulate the humoral portion of the constitutive immunity during migration.
Microbial eco-evolutionary responses amplify global soil carbon loss with climate warming
Authors: Abs Elsa , Saleska Scott , Ferriere Regis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil microbes respond to warming climates through variation in traits linked to the decomposition of soil organic matter, which impacts global soil carbon emissions. Microbial trait variation is shaped by eco-evolutionary processes; yet soil carbon models largely ignore such processes and their implications for global responses to warming. Here, we apply eco-evolutionary theory to a microbe-enzyme model to optimize a key microbial trait controlling decomposition and re-calculate soil carbon projections. Eco-evolutionary optimization leads microbes subject to warming to allocate more resources to enzyme production, which leads to faster decomposition and larger soil carbon loss, especially in cold regions. As a consequence, microbial optimization significantly amplifies global soil carbon loss by 2100 relative to current models, most strongly at high latitudes. This analysis demonstrates the potential importance of microbial eco-evolutionary dynamics in carbon-cycle feedbacks to climate change.
The China facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) registry: rationale for and description of a nationwide, observational cohort study
Authors: Qiu Liangliang , Chen Long , Zheng Fuze , Zheng Ying , Lin Xin , He Qifang , Lin Lin , Wang Lili , Ye Zhixian , Lin Minting , Lin Yi , Fu Ying , Wang Zhi-qiang , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) is a rare, hereditary, and progressive muscular dystrophy characterized by weakness and wasting of the facial (facio-) and shoulder-upper arm (scapulo-humeral-) muscles. The clinical severity varies from nonpenetrant/asymptomatic to disability with independent ambulation loss or even wheelchair dependence. Expansion of our knowledge of the genetic model D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat contraction leading to inappropriate expression of DUX4 has led to advances in developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Thus, clinical trial readiness is now required, particularly patient registry. However, there is no FSHD registry in China, let alone any database of the epidemiology, natural history, and clinical management of FSHD. This nationwide, longitudinal, non-interventional, rare-disease patient registry (The China FSHD1 Registry, CF1R ) was established to address the paucity of data in FSHD1 and to help inform future clinical practice and optimization clinical management.
Results: This explorative study aims to recruit all patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of FSHD1 in China. Practice data, including demographic factors, disease progression history, family history, and clinical and genetic features are collected; the protocol does not mandate any interventions. Patients will be continuously assessed for 10 years at 5-year intervals. Several data analyses and peer-reviewed publications are expected to be generated throughout this period.
Conclusions: The data collected within this rare-disease patient registry (CF1R) will be utilized to synthesize real-world data on epidemiological information, disease progression, and clinical and (epi)genetic information, which are vital for adequate symptom management and clinical trial-readiness of FSHD1 in China.
Ethics and dissemination
The study was granted ethics committee approval by the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (MRCTA, ECFAH of FMU [2020]026) in 2020. Findings will be disseminated via presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Dissemination will target different audiences, including national stakeholders, researchers from different disciplines and the general public.
Trial registration number
NCT04369209
Adaptation strategies of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, China
Authors: Erkin Flora , Dai Yue , Abdureyim Anwar , Huang Wan-Yuan , Tayir Mawlida 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) is an excellent species of shrub that is used for windbreaks and to fix sand in desert of northwest China. The successful settlement of T. ramosissima seedlings and their growth into mature individuals require their adaptation to various adverse conditions, which is the key to naturally regenerating the Tamarix population.
Methods
We measured the morphological characteristics of the T. ramosissima seedlings, such as rooting depth, root: shoot ratio, taproot diameter, specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), and specific leaf area (SLA), physiological characteristics, such as stable isotope ratios of xylem water, soil water, and leaves, as well as the leaf water content (LWC).
Results
The distribution of primary and lateral roots of T. ramosissima seedlings with larger BSD was more apparent than that of the small ones. As the BSD increased, the taproot depth and diameter of the T. ramosissima seedlings increased, and the root: shoot ratio, SRL, SRA, and SLA decreased. For the T. ramosissima seedlings shallow soil water was an important component of the water source. The mean LWC of T. ramosissima seedlings with different BSDs was 68.80%. The leaf carbon stable ratios (δ13C) trend was not obvious.
Conclusion
These results showed that with better soil water conditions in their habitat, the T. ramosissima seedlings were less likely to develop deeper root systems downward, allocated more biomass to the aboveground, and their growth rate diminished as the BSD increased.
The effects of PPARγ agonists on long-term potentiation and apoptosis in the hippocampus area of juvenile hypothyroid rats
Authors: Hosseini Mahmoud , Seyedi Fatemeh , Hedayati Mahdiyeh , Ali-Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Askarpour Hedyeh , Mansouri Somaieh , Baghcheghi Yousef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) or pioglitazone (POG) on the synaptic plasticity, neuronal apoptosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites in the hippocampus of juvenile hypothyroid rats. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) propylthiouracil (PTU), (3) PTU–POG and (4) PTU–RZG. A 0.05% dose of PTU was administered in drinking water for 42 consecutive days. The POG (20 mg/ kg) and the RSG (4 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on a daily basis. To evaluate synaptic plasticity, we conducted long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Cornuammonist 1 (CA1) area of the hippocampus by high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway. Then, the hippocampal tissues were collected to determine BDNF and NO levels. In addition, 5 animals from each group also were treated and the brains of animals were collected for apoptosis studies. PTU administration decreased slope, slope 10–90%, and amplitude of fEPSP compared to the control group. Injection of RSG or POG increased the slope, slope 10–90%, and amplitude of fEPSP in the PTU-POG or PTU-RSG groups in comparison to the PTU group. TUNEL positive neurons and NO metabolites in the hippocampus of the PTU group were higher than that of the control. PTU administration attenuated BDNF content, and RSG or POG increased BDNF content in PTU–POG or PTU–RSG groups. Treatment of the rats by POG or RSG decreased apoptotic neurons and NO metabolites in the hippocampus of PTU–POG or PTU–RSG groups compared to the PTU group. The results of this study revealed that POG or RSG normalized LTP impairment, neuronal apoptosis, and improved BDNF content in the hippocampal tissue of juvenile hypothyroid rats.
Photoactive Catalysts for Treatment of Air Pollutants: A Review through Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Nema Akanksha , Kaul Daya , Mukherjee Kalisadhan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysts are becoming attractive to researchers in exploring their application for treatment of air pollutants. Exposure to Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-VIS) light on photocatalysts often makes them active in decomposing various toxic materials into less or environment-friendly products. Thus, the identification, as well as simple synthesis and processing of photocatalysts, could ultimately lead to the technologies for the cost-effective mitigation of environmental hazards. A bibliometric analysis has been carried out here to understand and assess the current trend in photocatalyst research. The data retrieved from the Scopus database on the topic for 2000–2020 were analysed to investigate the research activities of the past to foresight the future. Various facets of bibliometry were investigated to produce this holistic review. The contribution of various countries, institutions and authors were investigated. Numerous facets of photocatalyst such as types of photocatalysts, their modification through metal and nometal doping, their pollutants treatment potency, types of reactors for photocatalysis, factors influencing treatment performance and models used for designing reactors were examined. Substantial growth in the publication has been identified in the last two decades. The research trends, problem statements, adopted strategies, and materials explored on the photocatalysis for air pollution treatment over the recent years across the world could be insightful to the researchers and eventually will be beneficial to formulate new research strategies.
The effect of Stab incision glaucoma filtering surgery on Intraocular pressure in primary angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Murad Mohammad Moataz Mohammad , Ghalwash Ahmed , Abouelkhir Sameh Mohamed  Mohamed Mohamed , Hassan Omar , Mohamed Jihan Abdallah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: The current study aims to evaluate the stab incision trabeculectomy technique on the intraocular pressure in primary angle closure glaucoma patients.
Subjects and methods: this study included 24 cases with an indication for glaucoma surgery with the stab incision technique; superior subconjunctival injection of 0.1 ml of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) a stab incision was done through the conjunctiva; a scleral tunnel was created just 2.5 mm posterior to the limbus toward the cornea by a 2.8 mm keratome, A Kelly's punch was introduced through the tunnel into the A.C. the posterior lip of the corneal section was punched backwards till the limbus, additional punches were done to settle the tunnel then the iris was grasped and excised by curved Vannas scissors performing a peripheral iridotomy. IOP was measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer preoperatively and in the follow-up on the first day, the seventh day, the first month, the third month and the sixth month.
Results: The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 28 mmHg (SD 5.1). Mean Postoperative IOP on the first day, third day, first week, first month, third month, and the sixth month was (9.5 mmHg (SD 5.1), 10.9 mmHg (SD 3.1),13.2 mmHg (SD 3.7), 15.5 mmHg (SD 5.5),15 mmHg (SD 4) and 14.3 mmHg (SD 2.4) respectively). In postoperative titrations among the studied cases, 8 (33.3%) cases required needling, which was statistically significant. (P value 0.025 %). 11 (45.8 %) cases required massage, which was statistically significant. (P value 0.000 %). 4 (16.7 %) cases required surgery, which was statistically significant. (P value 0.004 %). 6 (25 %) cases required anti-glaucoma drops, which was statistically significant. (P value 0.021 %). Hyphemia occurred in 1 case (4.2 %) of cases.
Conclusion: Stab incision technique was a safe and quick alternative to conventional trabeculectomy. IOP control with fewer complications was observed during the first six months of follow‑up; mean Intraocular pressure was ~14 mmHg.
More than just headlines: A global statistical analysis of murdered women environmental defenders
Authors: Tran Dalena , Hanacek Ksenija 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study contributes empirical data tracking gender in extractive violence cases from the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). The study also fills a gap in coverage on environmental assassinations not considering other factors of violence leading up to murders. Through log-linear and binominal regressions, this study analyzes gendered distributions of displacement, repression, criminalization, violent targeting, and murders worldwide. We found that 1) violence against women defenders is concentrated among mining, agribusiness, and industrial conflicts in the geographical South; 2) repression, criminalization, and violent targeting typically appeared together, whereas displacement and murder appeared as extreme outcomes when conflict violence worsened; 3) women defenders experience high rates of violence regardless of their countries’ levels of rule of law and gender equality. Reflecting global patterns of impunity, nearly all of the women defenders’ murders are still unresolved in courts, and their conflicts are still under negotiation.