bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Iraqi Teachers' Cognition of Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Selected Schools
Authors: Al-Ghizzy Mohanned Jassim Dakhil 
Published: July 2022

The present study is a psychological study of Iraqi English teachers' cognition in relation to teaching English as a foreign language. It focuses on teachers' knowledge, belief, knowing, and thinking in teaching English. Thus, this paper discusses what cognitions English teachers have and how these cognitions contribute to improving students' learning. The methodology used in this study is a questionnaire with 20 statements and four multiple choices. The researcher randomly investigated (20) Iraqi secondary schools in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate with a total number of (60) participants distributed in two phases (30) males and (30) females. As for the importance of the current study, it is significantly held to improve and know English teachers' capabilities and to stand on the main challenges that both teachers and students face in teaching and learning English as a foreign language.
Порядок визначення раціонального варіанта створення елементу функціональної системи зенітного ракетного озброєння на сучасній елементній базі
Authors: Опенько П. , Кобзєв В. , Васильєв В. , Миронюк М. 
Published: July 2022

У статті розглядається методичний підхід щодо обґрунтування раціонального варіанта модернізації зенітного ракетного озброєння (ЗРО) з урахуванням зміни властивостей елементів радіоелектронної апаратури і можливостей щодо створення елементівфункціональних систем(ФС) на сучасній елементній базі.
Обґрунтовано найбільш доцільний варіант створення конкретних елементів ФС на сучасній елементній базі, що є завершальним етапом у процесі визначення раціонального шляху модернізації ФС зразків ЗРО. Метою цього обґрунтування є визначення пріоритетності серед альтернативних варіантів та розробка рекомендацій щодо вибору одного з них.
Реалізація наведеного порядку визначення раціонального варіанта модернізації ЗРО з урахуванням зміни властивостей елементів радіоелектронної апаратури і можливостей щодо створення елементів ФС на сучасній елементній базі дозволить:
обґрунтувати та обрати показники та критерій ефективності, використання яких дозволить описати кожен з варіантів модернізації зі створенням елементу ФС на сучасній елементній базі, в тому числі матеріальні та часові витрати, та порівняти їх між собою;
створити запаси комплектів ЗІП, при цьому зменшити номенклатуру їх елементів за рахунок використання елементів ФС на сучасній елементній базі;
уточнити порядок та операційні карти проведення технічних обслуговувань, їх кількісно-якісні, вартісні та часові показники;
зменшити вартісні та часові показники відновлення працездатного стану при проведені ремонту пошкоджених зразків ЗРО.
Перспективами подальших досліджень є обґрунтування рекомендації щодо вибору та проведення найбільш доцільних варіантів модернізації елементів ФС даних зразків ЗРО з урахуванням зміни властивостей елементів радіоелектронної апаратури і можливостей щодо створення елементів ФС на сучасній елементній базі.
Досвід дій стихійного руху опору під час проведення антитерористичної операції на Сході України в початковий період її ведення
Authors: Попельський М. 
Published: July 2022

Враховуючи нестабільну і недоброзичливу зовнішньополітичну, економічну, соціальну, інформаційну обстановку навколо України виникає об’єктивна потреба подальшого удосконалення системи руху спротиву на територіях, тимчасово зайнятих агресором (противником).
Мета статті – висвітлення заходів, які проводилися проукраїнське налаштованим населенням в Донецькій та Луганській областях на початковому етапі відсічі збройної агресії з боку ЗС Російської Федерації та незаконних озброєних формувань, проведення аналізу їх дій для обгрунтування пропозицій стосовно організації та підготовки руху опору на території держави.
Аналіз дій руху опору під час проведення Антитерористичної операції на Сході України (Операції об’єднаних сил) Збройних Сил України показує, що на початку воєнного конфлікту у 2014 році формування та дії руху опору на окупованої території відбувалося стихійно, в основному за ініціативою проукраїнське налаштованого місцевого населення, без дійсного керування з боку штабу АТО.
Реалії сьогодення диктують загальну ефективну (та відносно дешеву) систему організації руху опору з числа патріотично налаштованих мешканців, які мають досвід бойових дій, а також розроблення та застосування нестандартних підходів, передових розвідувальних технологій і комплексних асиметричних відповідей агресору на випадок активізації його дій та розширення масштабу конфлікту.
Існуючі наразі законодавчі документи з цих питань, не в повною мері відповідають загрозам, які на даний час існують навколо України, і потребують подальшого аналізу та удосконалення законодавства і цієї сфері.
Матеріали, які надані в статті, можуть бути використані для подальшого проведення аналізу виконання Закону України “Про основи національного спротиву” та проведення науково-дослідної роботи у цих напрямках.
SISTEM PELAPORAN AKTA BERBASIS CYBER NOTARY SEBAGAI SARANA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN NOTARIS
Authors: Andhira Johan Rahmanda , Cahyono Akhmad Budi 
Published: July 2022

Abstrak Cyber Notary seharusnya tidak hanya terbatas dalam pembuatan akta secara digital, tetapi juga kepada peran pengawasan, kontrol dan penyuluhan yang memberikan manfaat bagi Organisasi Notaris Indonesia. Pasal 4 angka 16 Kode Etik 2015 menyatakan bahwa Notaris wajib membuat akta dalam jumlah batas yang wajar sebagai perwujudan pelaksanaan Undang-Undang. Namun pelanggaran pasal ini masih sering ditemukan. Terdapat banyak faktor penyebab kerap terjadinya pelanggaran. Seharusnya pelanggaran ini dapat dihentikan dengan pengawasan, tetapi pengawasan terhadap hal tersebut belum dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Dengan bentuk yuridis normatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi pengawasan Majelis Pengawas atas keterbatasan jarak, waktu dan tenaga manusia dari tingkat wilayah hingga pusat. Sebagai sistem cyber notary yang komprehensif, sudah selayaknya ada sistem database akta berbasis aplikasi / website yang didukung peraturan perundang-undangan khusus dengan komitmen peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kepada para pengguna jasa Notaris. Kata kunci: Cyber Notary, Sistem Database Akta, Pengawasan Abstract Cyber Notary should have not been limited to digital acts, but also towards means of surveillance, control, and information which benefits to Indonesian Notary Organization. Article 4 clause 16 Ethical Code of 2015 stated that Notary obliged on making a certain allowable number of acts in comply to the Law. However, the surveillance in this matter hasn’t yet performed as it should be. There are a lot of factors that affects how this violation keeps happening. Every breach in regulations should have been managed by proper supervision. But given the current conditions, supervisions were inadequate. With normative juridical study, the purpose of this research is to provide The Overseer Assembly a solution regarding adversaries such as distance, time, and manpower from regional to national on performing their authority. Consequently, as a comprehensive cyber notary system, the need of deed database system should be supported by specific regulations and rules as a commitment in improving service quality to the Notary service users. Keywords: Cyber Notary, Deed Database System, Surveillance
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PIHAK YANG BERITIKAD BAIK DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2518 K/Pdt/2018)
Authors: Faustina Fidela , Hoesin Siti Hajati 
Published: July 2022

AbstrakPerjanjian jual beli tanah merupakan salah satu perjanjian yang sering ditemukan di masyarakat khususnya di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, jual beli tanah sering mengalami berbagai macam permasalahan yang mana salah satu penyebabnya adalah kesalahan yang terjadi pada saat pembuatan perjanjian itu sendiri. Dalam pembuatan perjanjian tersebut tidak jarang ditemui adanya itikad buruk dari salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian tersebut. Itikad buruk sering ditujukan untuk kepentingan pribadi salah satu pihak sehingga akan menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak lainnya yang beritikad baik. Hal tersebut tentunya akan menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut cara penentuan itikad baik dan buruk serta bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang beritikad baik dalam jual beli tanah. Kata kunci: Perjanjian, Jual beli tanah, Itikad, dan Perlindungan Hukum. AbstractLand sales and purchase agreement is one of many agreements that often can be found in our society especially in Indonesia. However, land sales and purchase often get various problems that one of the cause is mistake when that agreement was made. When that agreement was made, occasionally followed with bad faith from one of the partie. Bad faith often done for their own interest so that will cause lost for the other partie that had a good faith. That situation of course will cause injustice for parties who get lost. Therefore, there needs to further analysis about how to determine good faith and bad faith also how legal protection to partie that have a good faith in land sales and purchase. Keywords: Agreement, Land sales and purchase, Faith, and Legal Protection.
Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men
Authors: Zaidi Hani , Aksnes Tonje , Åkra Sissel , Eggesbø Heidi B. , Byrkjeland Rune , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Opstad Trine B. 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionAdipokines are highly active biopeptides involved in glucose metabolism, insulin regulation and the development and progression of obesity and its associated diseases. It includes, among others, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The sources of adipokines and their associations with glucometabolic variables are not completely understood.AimIn this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether gene expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of selected adipokines and their corresponding circulating levels associate with the amount of AT in superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT) and visceral AT (VAT), assessed by computed tomography (CT). Any association with glucometabolic variables were also explored.MethodsIn 103 healthy Caucasian men, aged 39.5 years, fasting venous blood and SAT samples from the gluteal region were collected. Ninety-four of the participants underwent CT assessment of the abdominal AT, which was divided into VAT, sSAT and dSAT. Circulating levels of adipokines were measured by ELISA and AT gene-expression by PCR. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose clamp, assessing glucose disposal rate (GDR).ResultsCirculating adiponectin and TNFα gene expression correlated inversely and positively to the amount of AT in all three compartments (r=-0.266 to -0.276, p&lt;0.05 for all) and (r=0.323 - 0.368, p&lt;0.05 for all), respectively, with strongest correlations to the amount in sSAT and dSAT. When dividing AT compartments into quartiles, a tendency was observed towards lower circulating adiponectin and higher TNFα gene expression levels, respectively, with increasing amount of sSAT and dSAT. Circulating adiponectin correlated inversely to insulin, C-peptide and waist circumference (r=-456 to -0.373, p&lt;0.001) and positively to GDR (r=0.356, p&lt;0.001). AT-expressed visfatin correlated inversely to insulin and C-peptide (r=-0.370 and r=-0.404, p&lt;0.001).ConclusionIncreased amount of AT is associated with lower levels of adiponectin and increased levels of TNFα AT expression.
Thyrotropic Axis and Disorders of Consciousness in Acquired Brain Injury: A Potential Intriguing Association?
Authors: Mele Chiara , De Tanti Antonio , Bagnato Sergio , Lucca Lucia Francesca , Saviola Donatella , Estraneo Anna , Moretta Pasquale , Marcuccio Laura , Lanzillo Bernardo , Aimaretti Gianluca , Nardone Antonio , Marzullo Paolo , Pingue Valeria 
Published: July 2022

PurposeA potential involvement of thyrotropic axis in influencing the state of consciousness could be hypothesized. We aimed at investigating thyroid function tests as predictors of disorders of consciousness (DoC) and relating recovery in a large cohort of patients with DoC secondary to acquired brain injury (ABI).MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter, cohort study included 151 patients with DoC following ABI, consecutively admitted for a 6-month neurorehabilitation program. Data on etiology of brain injury, evolution of DoC, disability and rehabilitation assessments, and death during rehabilitation were collected at baseline and on discharge. Thyroid function tests (serum TSH, fT4 and fT3 levels) were assessed on admission in all patients and at final discharge in 50 patients.ResultsLower baseline TSH levels and greater TSH increments (ΔTSH) after neurorehabilitation predicted a favorable change in DoC independent of age, sex, BMI, etiology of brain injury and initial DoC subtype (TSH: OR=0.712, CI 95% 0.533-0.951, p=0.01; ΔTSH: OR=2.878, CI 95% 1.147-7.223, p=0.02). On the other hand, neither fT4 nor fT3 or their variations appeared to play any role on DoC changes after 6-months inpatient neurorehabilitation. A lower magnitude of ΔfT4 acted as a strong predictor of improved functional disability level (β=0.655, p=0.002) and cognitive functions (β=-0.671, p=0.003), implying that smaller changes in fT4 were associated with higher outcomes.ConclusionsSerum TSH levels assessed in the subacute post-ABI phase and its variation during neurorehabilitation could represent a potential biomarker of DoC evolution, while variations in fT4 levels seem to be associated with rehabilitation and cognitive functions. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Assessing the Impact of a Hydropower Plant on Changes in the Properties of the Sediment of the Bystrzyca River in Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Paweł , Wiatkowski Mirosław , Gałka Bernard , Gruss Łukasz 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to assess the impact of a hydropower plant (HP) on the Bystrzyca River (left tributary of the Odra River, Poland) on selected parameters of the bottom sediment within this hydrotechnical structure. The following parameters were examined as part of the analyses: particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Field studies were carried out upstream and downstream of the HP and at reference points. In addition, the risk of heavy metals in aquatic organisms was assessed using an ecotoxicological method. Based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, it was found that the HP influenced all of the parameters tested, except pH. Comparing the points closest to and downstream of the HP, an increase in the average grain diameter of D50(on average by 750%), and a decrease in the concentrations of most heavy metals: Ni (271%), Zn (216%), Cu (163%), Cr (83.0%), and Cd (74.2%), was observed. The ecotoxicological classification of heavy metal concentrations in sediments indicates, in most cases, little or no impact on aquatic organisms; the values of Ni and Zn in some samples upstream of the HP are exceptions, where remediation using synthetic zeolites, metal accumulation plants, or by electrokinetic methods, is necessary. Fine-grained fractions dominate the clays and sandy clays upstream of the hydropower plants, while sands, sandy clay loams, or sandy clays are dominated downstream. Frequent occurrence of skeletal fractions (&gt;2.0 mm) was observed downstream, i.e., an average of 23.30% in each sample compared to 1.82% upstream of the HP, which is mainly due to greater anthropogenic pressure, especially tourism. The dominance of fine-grained fractions upstream of the HPs favors the accumulation of metals due to the high sorption capacity of these fractions. When comparing the analyzed groups of points, the average pH values are arranged in the following sequence: upstream HP (U) &gt; downstream HP (D) &gt; reference points (R), while EC has opposite values (i.e., U &lt; D &lt; R). This study may support sustainable sediment management and may allow for the development of recommendations related to the rational management of HPs.
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Combined With Ropivacaine in Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xia Ling-yi , Liang Wei-dong , Rao Ding-yu , Zhu Ping-ping , Huang Ke-nv , Deng Zi-hao , Zhong Mao-lin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to find the best dose of dexmedetomidine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.Methods120 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I and II parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups treated with intrathecal ropivacaine (12 mg) alone (Group R) or in combination with dexmedetomidine 5 μg (Group RD1), 7.5 μg (Group RD2) and 10 μg (Group RD3). Characteristics of spinal anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, adverse effects, stress reactions and neonatal outcomes were recorded in the four groups.ResultsPatients in Group RD1, RD2, and RD3 had significantly longer sustained sensory and motor block time than patients in Group R. All four groups had comparable onset times of sensory and motor block. The time for the level of sensory block to lower to S1 was longer in Group RD1 (411.07 ± 106.66 min), Group RD2 (397.03 ± 125.39 min) and Group RD3 (468.63 ± 116.43 min) than in Group R (273.60 ± 88.34 min) (p &lt; 0.001). The time to recover from motor block to a Bromage score of IV was longer in Group RD1 (353.60.07 ± 137.28 min), Group RD2 (350.57 ± 118.01 min) and Group RD3 (404.67 ± 112.83 min) than in Group R (232.70 ± 93.29) (p &lt; 0.01). The incidence of chills was significantly lower in the Group RD1, RD2, and RD3 than in the Group R (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, hypoxemia and pruritus in the four groups (p &gt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant visceral traction response or fentanyl use in the four groups (p &gt; 0.05). Phenylephrine dosing was significantly higher in Group RD2 and RD3 than in Group R (p &lt; 0.05), and there was no significant difference in phenylephrine dosing between Group RD1 and Group R (p &gt; 0.05). There were no statistical differences in postnatal Apgar scores (1 min, 5 min after birth) (p &gt; 0.05). The postoperative concentrations of β-endorphin (β-EP), cortisol (Cor) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the Group RD1, RD2, and RD3 were lower than that in Group R (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionIntrathecal 5μg of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine relieved intraoperative chills, did not increase intraoperative and postoperative adverse effects, did not increase the amount of intraoperative vasoconstrictor used, and reduced intraoperative stress reactions as well as prolonged the duration of maternal sensory and motor block, so this dose is appropriate for cesarean section.Clinical Trial Registration:[www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR2200056052].
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) Drug-Refractoriness Is Associated With P2X7 Receptors Overexpression in the Human Hippocampus and Temporal Neocortex and May Be Predicted by Low Circulating Levels of miR-22
Authors: Guerra Leal Bárbara , Barros-Barbosa Aurora , Ferreirinha Fátima , Chaves João , Rangel Rui , Santos Agostinho , Carvalho Cláudia , Martins-Ferreira Ricardo , Samões Raquel , Freitas Joel , Lopes João , Ramalheira João , Lobo Maria Graça , Martins da Silva António , Costa Paulo P. , Correia-de-Sá Paulo 
Published: July 2022

Objective: ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) actively participate in epilepsy and other neurological disorders. Neocortical nerve terminals of patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) express higher P2X7R amounts. Overexpression of P2X7R bolsters ATP signals during seizures resulting in glial cell activation, cytokines production, and GABAergic rundown with unrestrained glutamatergic excitation. In a mouse model of status epilepticus, increased expression of P2X7R has been associated with the down-modulation of the non-coding micro RNA, miR-22. MiR levels are stable in biological fluids and normally reflect remote tissue production making them ideal disease biomarkers. Here, we compared P2X7R and miR-22 expression in epileptic brains and in the serum of patients with MTLE-HS, respectively.Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of P2X7R in the hippocampus and anterior temporal lobe of 23 patients with MTLE-HS and 10 cadaveric controls. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis were performed to assess P2X7R protein amounts. MiR-22 expression was evaluated in cell-free sera of 40 MTLE-HS patients and 48 healthy controls.Results: Nerve terminals of the hippocampus and neocortical temporal lobe of MTLE-HS patients overexpress (p&lt; 0.05) an 85 kDa P2X7R protein whereas the normally occurring 67 kDa receptor protein dominates in the brain of the cadaveric controls. Contrariwise, miR-22 serum levels are diminished (p&lt; 0.001) in MTLE-HS patients compared to age-matched control blood donors, a situation that is more evident in patients requiring multiple (&gt;3) anti-epileptic drug (AED) regimens.Conclusion: Data show that there is an inverse relationship between miR-22 serum levels and P2X7R expression in the hippocampus and neocortex of MTLE-HS patients, which implies that measuring serum miR-22 may be a clinical surrogate of P2X7R brain expression in the MTLE-HS. Moreover, the high area under the ROC curve (0.777; 95% CI 0.629–0.925;p= 0.001) suggests that low miR-22 serum levels may be a sensitive predictor of poor response to AEDs among MTLE-HS patients. Results also anticipate that targeting the miR-22/P2X7R axis may be a good strategy to develop newer AEDs.
Caffeine Attenuates Electroacupuncture Effect on Pressure Pain Threshold and Tolerance in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Kun , Cui Xiang , Zhi Mujun , Zhang Meng , Zhao Ting , Gao Xinyan , Zhu Bing 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe effect of caffeine on acupuncture analgesia in humans is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether caffeine-containing beverage intake influences the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on static quantitative sensory testing (QST) and dynamic QST in healthy subjects.MethodsA total of 40 healthy subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive coffee containing moderate doses of caffeine (coffee group) or non-caffeinated juice (juice group) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the pressure pain threshold (PPT), pressure pain tolerance (PPTo), and heat pain threshold (HPT) as static QST parameters. Numerical rating scales (NRS) of heat stimulus and nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII reflex), as parameters of dynamic QST, were also examined. EA stimulation with tolerance intensity was performed at ST36 (Zusanli)-GB34 (Yanglingquan) points at weeks 0, 2, and 4. PPT, PPTo, and HPT were detected pre- and post- EA. The NRS scores were examined pre-, during, and post-EA, and 1 min after EA was completed. The RIII reflex was examined pre- and 1–5 min post-EA.ResultsAt week 0, both groups showed increased PPT and PPTo and decreased NRS scores of heat stimuli and RIII reflex after EA, but HPT was not affected. After 4 weeks, the effects of EA on PPT and PPTo were attenuated in the coffee group compared to the juice group, whereas the effect of EA on the NRS scores and RIII reflex were not influenced. There was no significant difference found at week 2 for these indications. EA also did not affect the HPT in both groups at week 4.ConclusionModerate caffeine intake reduced the effects of EA on PPT and PPTo in healthy subjects.