bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment Model Of Smart City Sustainable Development: Integrating Approach With Z-DEMATEL And Z-TOPSIS-AL
Authors: Shao Qi-Gan , Jiang Chang-Chang , Lo Huai-Wei , Liou James J. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the intensification of urbanization, the application of contemporary technology to make cities smarter is the key to their sustainable development (SD). This study aims to propose a comprehensive assessment framework for the SD of smart cities. First, an assessment system with 5 dimensions and 25 indicators is proposed in this paper. Second, a Z fuzzy-based multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is developed to clarify the internal influence of the indicators and to determine the SD performance of smart cities. The Z-DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) technique was used to determine the mutual influence relationship of the indicator and their influence weights. Moreover, this paper selected one well-known city in China as a case study and used the Z-TOPSIS-AL (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution based on aspiration level) approach for analysis. The results demonstrate that quality of life, per capita GDP, and GDP growth rate are the top three indicators, which means that decision-makers should pay more attention to these indicators when constructing and managing a smart city. This study provides a reference for follow-up related research, and the management findings provide a basis for managers to make decisions on the development of smart cities.
Pakistan's Tourism Industry: Full of potential, but still lagging behind
Authors: Khan Jawad , Ali Amna , Zada Muhammad , Saeed Imran , Zada Shagufta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pakistan's tourism sector has enormous potential. It has some of the world's highest mountains, lakes, and natural sceneries and is a popular destination for adventurers from inside and outside the country. Pakistan is a developing nation where tourism has recently been pushed to promote economic growth and improve the quality of life for its citizens. Pakistan is now seeing the fastest growth rates in tourist arrivals globally, and it is stated that tourism should be considered a vital part of Pakistan's growth strategy. However, even though Pakistan's tourism sector seems to be on the rise, the country's overall economic and social progress has not been as fruitful as it may be. However, Pakistan faces many challenges in tourism industry growth. Drawing on research in Pakistan, this paper explores the challenges faced by the tourism industry. The study reveals that infrastructure, security issues, and inflation rates affect the tourism industry.
Altered Small-World, Functional Brain Networks in Children with Strabismus and Amblyopia
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Gao Gui-ping , Shao Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study investigated changes in brain structural connectivity network and "small-world" topology in children with strabismus and amblyopia by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)and graph theory.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 18 children with strabismus and amblyopia (SA) and 18 matched healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. We use rs-fMRI and graph theory to preprocess the date, Difference in brain network parameters area under the integral curve between the two groups were evaluated with the 2 sample t-test. Network-based statistics method was used to evaluate changes in brain connection strength between strabismus and amblyopia children and control subjects.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, node clustering coefficient (Cp), characteristic path length (Lp), local network efficiency(EI), global network efficiency (Eg), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), normalized characteristic path length (λ), and small-world coefficient (σ) of strabismus and amblyopia group decreased significantly. The difference was statistically significant, and both groups exhibited small-world attributes (λ > 1, γ > 1, σ > 1). In addition ,the strength of brain connection among Inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyri, middle temporal gyrus and cerebellum in strabismus and amblyopia group were significantly lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The brain network in strabismus and amblyopia children has a small-world attribute, but shows reduced and abnormal connectivity compared to normal subjects. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of strabismus and amblyopia children .
Evaluation of the α-synuclein PET Radiotracer (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 in Pigs
Authors: Raval Nakul Ravi , Madsen Clara Aabye , Shalgunov Vladimir , Nasser Arafat , Battisti Umberto Maria , Beaman Emily Eufaula , Juhl Morten , Jørgensen Louise Møller , Herth Matthias Manfred , Hansen Hanne Demant , Plavén-Sigray Pontus , Knudsen Gitte Moos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:A positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to neuroimage α-synuclein aggregates would be a crucial addition for early diagnosis and treatment development in disorders such as Parkinson's disease, where elevated aggregate levels is a histopathological hallmark. The radiotracer (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 has recently shown promise for visualization of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (α-PFF) in rodents. We here test the radiotracer in a pig model where proteins are intracerebrally injected immediately before scanning. Four pigs were injected in one hemisphere with 150 µg α-PFF, and in the other hemisphere, either 75 µg α-PFF or human brain homogenate from either dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was injected. All pigs underwent one or two (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 PET scans, quantified with the non-invasive Logan graphical analysis using the occipital cortex as a reference region.Results:The α-PFF and AD homogenate injected brain regions had high uptake of (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 compared to the occipital cortex or cerebellum. BPND values in 150 µg α-PFF injected regions was 0.78, and in the AD homogenate injected regions was 0.73. By contrast, the DLB homogenate injected region did not differ in uptake and clearance compared to the reference regions. The time-activity curves and BPND values in the 150 µg and 75 µg injected region of α-PFFs show a dose-dependent effect, and the PET signal could be blocked by pretreatment with unlabeled MODAG-001. Conclusion:We find that both α-PFF and AD brain homogenates give rise to increased binding of (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 when injected into the pig brain. Despite its limited specificity for cerebral α-synuclein pathology, (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 shows promise as a lead tracer for future radiotracer development.
Prevalence of Duesenberry’s Relative Income Hypothesis in Nepalese Economy
Authors: Adhikari Rajendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Present paper examines the prevalence of Duesenberry’s relative income hypothesis in Nepalese economy during 1974/75-2019/20 through ARDL bound tests under DEF and Davis-SK specifications. The ARDL under DEF specification is found to be not valid. However, the ARDL bound test under Davis-SK specification is found valid. There exists cointegration among average propensity to consume demonstration effect and ratchet effect. The coefficient of demonstration effect is found to be negative and that of ratchet effect to be positive as reported by ARDL models. The error correction model also implies that short run shocks significantly affect long run relations among the variables. The departure from the long term growth path due to short run shocks is adjusted by 11.3% over the next year as indicated by error correction model. This study throws some lights in policy perspective. It is recommended that government of Nepal should impose heavy tax on the consumption of durables and luxuries to discourage consumption and encourage rate of saving, which is most inevitable in Nepalese economy to foster growth of employment and income.JEL Classification: C51, C52, E21, E22, E60
Neural Network Methods For Diagnosing Patient Conditions From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Data
Authors: Brown Donald Edward , Sharma Suchetha , Jablonski James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a reliable and reproducible approach to measuring fitness in patients and diagnosing their health problems. However, the data from CPET consist of multiple time series that require training to interpret. Part of this training teaches the use of flow charts or nested decision trees to interpret the CPET results. This paper investigates the use of two machine learning techniques using neural networks to predict patient health conditions with CPET data in contrast to flow charts. The data for this investigations comes from a small sample of patients with known health problems and who had CPET results. The small size of the sample data also allows us to investigate the use and performance of deep learning neural networks on health care problems with limited amounts of labeled training and testing data. Methods: This paper compares the current standard for interpreting and classifying CPET data, flowchart, to neural network techniques, autoencoders and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The study also investigated the performance of principal component analysis (PCA) with logistic regression to provide an additional baseline of comparison to the neural network techniques.Results: The patients in the sample had two primary diagnoses: heart failure and metabolic syndrome. All model-based testing was done with 5-fold cross-validation and metrics of precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy. As a baseline for comparison to our models, the highest performing flow chart method achieved an an accuracy of 77\%. Both PCA regression and CNN achieved an average accuracy of 90\% and outperformed the flow chart methods on all metrics. The autoencoder with logistic regression performed the best on each of the metrics and had an average accuracy of 94%.﻿Conclusions: This study suggests that machine learning and neural network techniques, in particular, can provide higher levels of accuracy with CPET data than traditional flowchart methods. Further, the CNN performed well with a small data set showing that these techniques can be designed to perform well on small data problems that are often found in health care and the life sciences. Further testing with larger data sets is needed to continue evaluating the use of machine learning to interpret CPET data.
Quality of Life, Levels of Anxiety and Depression Among Sudanese Patients With Surgical Stoma in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Authors: Musa Razaz Mahde Esmaeel , Salih Mugahid A , M.A.Shaaban Kamil , Abdelbagi Alnazeer Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study are to assess the quality of life, levels of anxiety, and depression among Sudanese ostomates with special emphasis on sociodemographic data and ostomy-related data.Methods: This is a facility-based cross-sectional study in Khartoum state between 2018 and 2019. 100 patients participated in the study with a response rate of 80 in seven hospitals throughout Khartoum state. Standardized fecal incontinence quality of life (FIQOL) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaires were used and data obtained were analyzed by multiple statistical tests to identify any group differences and associations to the sociodemographic data.Results: Quality of life total score was found to be below the average. Depression scale scores at the average, and religious score account for the worst. While there is a strong correlation between the QOL subscales, there was no significant association between quality of life score and the sociodemographic data. Regarding anxiety and depression levels 51.3% of the participants are normal for anxiety level while 25% and 23.8% were borderline and abnormal respectively. For depression level, the score was 45% normal, 26.3% borderline and 28.8% were abnormal. neither some significant association nor subgroup differences were found regarding sociodemographic and ostomy-related data.Conclusions: Respondents had a quality of life below the average and high levels of anxiety and depression. Religious and spiritual QOL is marginally influenced by the intestinal stoma, qualitative comments also lend insight to the spiritual aspect. this finding can assist in the provision of holistic care in our stoma patients.
Psilocybin Combines Rapid Synaptogenic And Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro
Authors: Smedfors Gabriella , Glotfelty Elliot , Kalani Negar , Hjelle Christian Papatziamos , Horntvedt Otilia , Wellfelt Katrin , Brodin Alvin , von Kieseritzky Fredrik , Olson Lars , Karlsson Tobias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic substance approaching clinical use. The drug has long-lasting effects after single or multiple administrations and enhances structural plasticity in the brain. Little is known if the plasticity inducing effects of psilocybin could be timed to other treatments and promote a larger effect. We investigated the effect of psilocybin on cultured mouse hippocampal neurons, examining the plasticity promoting effects from 5 min to 72 h post-treatment. We found robust effects on pre- and postsynaptic (Piccolo and Homer1) protein expression 1-3 h following treatment. Presynaptic Synapsin-1 expression mirrored these findings, with peak expression 72 h post-treatment. Our studies suggest psilocybin opens a window of plasticity that rapidly normalizes. As psilocybin has been shown to have an effect treating diseases (e.g. depression and cluster headache) linked with inflammation, we used an immortalized microglia cell line (IMG) to demonstrate its anti-inflammatory effects against a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (we show reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion). Altogether, our studies show discrete and acute cell type specific effects of psilocybin that provides insight into its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic value.
Can We Predict Turnover Intention in Nursing Students? An Exploration of the Relationship Between Resilience, Burnout and Their Relationship with Future Turnover Intention
Authors: shaabna Zareefa , Sarhan Adnan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Globally nursing is deemed a demanding profession. Recently, attention has been placed on the psychological well-being of employed nurses. Since nursing students are the future of the nursing workforce, it is essential to advance our understanding of the role of resilience in decreasing burnout and future turnover intention in nursing students.
Aim
The study aimed to assess the levels of resilience and burnout, examine the relationship between the two measures, and to determine the relationship between the two measures with future turnover intention and participants' demographics.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted using an online survey on 409 undergraduate nursing students from three large nursing institutions in West Bank-Palestine. The study used The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), The Burnout Scale, and a demographic data sheet.
Results
Moderate levels of resilience and burnout were found among the participants. The analysis revealed a negative correlation between resilience and burnout (r = -0.35). In addition, the study findings showed that almost half of the students (46.9%) were not satisfied with their major when they joined the nursing program, and half of the students (50.1%) intended to leave nursing profession in the future. In this study, higher resilience was associated with male gender, wanting to study nursing, playing exercise/sports, working, living on campus, receiving support from friends and family, intention to stay in the nursing profession, and studying for a week or more of the exam. Whereas not receiving support from family & friends, not exercising, smoking, intend to leave nursing profession, higher academic level, lower GPAs, studying an hour or less daily, and studying in a day or less of the exam were all associated with higher burnout.
Conclusion
Resilience in nursing students might play an important role in decreasing global nursing shortage by enhancing academic success and decreasing future intention to leave and burnout.
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and inactivated vaccines in healthy adolescents
Authors: Lau Yu-Lung , Duque Jaime Rosa , Wang Xiwei , Leung Daniel , Cheng Samuel , Cohen Carolyn , Mu Xiaofeng , Hachim Asmaa , Zhang Yanmei , Chan Sau-Man , Chaothai Sara , Kwan Kelvin , Chan Karl , Li John , Luk Leo , Tsang Leo , Wong Wilfred , Cheang Cheuk-Hei , Hung Timothy , Lam Jennifer , Chua Gilbert , Tso Winnie , Ip Patrick , Kavian Niloufar , Leung Wing , Valkenburg Sophie , Peiris Malik , TU WENWEI , Mori Masashi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, efficacy data for BNT162b2 but not CoronaVac are available in adolescents. Phase II/III studies focused on neutralizing antibody responses in adolescents, neglecting binding antibody and cellular responses that are also important against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we conducted a registered clinical study (NCT04800133) to establish immunobridging with various antibody and cellular immunity markers and to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these 2 vaccines in healthy adolescents. One-dose BNT162b2 outcomes were also assessed since it had been recommended in some localities due to the risk of myocarditis. Antibodies and T cell immune responses were non-inferior or similar in adolescents receiving 2 doses of BNT162b2 (BB, N=116) and CoronaVac (CC, N=123) versus adults after 2 doses of the same vaccine (BB, N=147; CC, N=141) but not in adolescents after 1 dose of BNT162b2 (B, N=116). CC induced SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and N C-terminal domain seroconversion in more adolescents than adults. Adverse reactions were mostly mild for both vaccines and more frequent for BNT162b2. We confirmed higher S, neutralizing, avidity and Fc receptor-binding antibody responses in adolescents receiving BB than CC. This is the first study to show similar induction of strong S-specific T cells by the 2 vaccines, in addition to N- and M-specific T cells induced by CoronaVac but not BNT162b2 in adolescents. The implications of the differential ability to induce S- and non-S-specific antibody and T cell responses on the durability of protection and protection against virus variants by BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, the 2 most used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the world, should be further investigated. Our results support the use of both vaccines in adolescents.
CRISPR/Cas Tool Designs for Multiplex Genome Editing and Its Applications in Developing Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistant Crop Plants
Authors: Singh Jagmohan , Sharma Dimple , Brar Gagandeep Singh , Sandhu Karansher Singh , Wani Shabir Hussain , Kashyap Ruchika , Kour Amardeep , Singh Satnam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants are prone to several biotic and abiotic stresses, reducing crop yields. The crop yield reductions due to these stresses need addressing to maintain an adequate balance between the increasing world population and food production to avoid food scarcities in the future. It is impossible to increase the area under food crops proportionately to meet the rising food demand. In such an adverse scenario overcoming the biotic and abiotic stresses through biotechnological interventions may serve as a boon to help meet the globe's food requirements. Under the current genomic era, the wide availability of genomic resources and genome editing technologies such as Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), and Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) has widened the scope of overcoming these stresses for several food crops. These techniques have made gene editing more manageable and accessible with changes at the embryo level by adding or deleting DNA sequences of the target gene(s) from the genome. The CRISPR construct consists of a single guide RNA having complementarity with the nucleotide fragments of the target gene sequence, accompanied by a protospacer adjacent motif. The target sequence in the organism's genome is then cleaved by the Cas9 endonuclease for obtaining a desired trait of interest. The current review describes the components, mechanisms, and types of CRISPR/Cas techniques and how this technology has helped to functionally characterize genes associated with various biotic and abiotic stresses in a target organism. This review also summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas technology targeting these stress in crops through knocking down/out of associated genes.
A Conserved Transcriptional Fingerprint Of Multi-Neurotransmitter Neurons Necessary For Social Behavior
Authors: Ncube Denver , Tallafuss Alexandra , Serafin Jen , Bruckner Joseph , Farnsworth Dylan , Miller Adam , Eisen Judith , Washbourne Philip 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: An essential determinant of a neuron’s functionality is its neurotransmitter phenotype. We previously identified a defined subpopulation of cholinergic forebrain neurons required for social orienting behavior in zebrafish. Results: We transcriptionally profiled these neurons and discovered that they are capable of synthesizing both acetylcholine and GABA. We also established a constellation of transcription factors and neurotransmitter markers that can be used as a “transcriptomic fingerprint” to recognize a homologous neuronal population in another vertebrate. Conclusion: Our results suggest that this transcriptomic fingerprint and the cholinergic-GABAergic neuronal subtype that it defines are evolutionarily conserved.
Reduced efficacies of diclazuril and toltrazuril against Eimeria ovinoidalis and Eimeria crandallis in two French sheep-meat farms
Authors: Bordes Léa , LeChenadec Agathe , Souchon Corentin , Berger Adeline , Claessens Alice , Bouix Geniève , Jouffroy Sophie , Grisez Christelle , Jacquiet Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Lamb coccidiosis, caused by intestinal parasites of the Eimeria genus, has pronounced health and economic impacts throughout the world. Eimeria ovinoidalis and Eimeria crandallis are the most pathogenic species in sheep. Control of these parasites requires the use of anticoccidial drugs such as sulfonamides, diclazuril, and toltrazuril. In this study, resistance to anticoccidial drugs was suspected in two farms as clinical signs (diarrhea) persisted after treatment. Method: On each farm, 4.5-month-old rams were divided into three groups so that they were either (i) left untreated (Control group), (ii) treated with diclazuril (1 mg/kg body weight), or (iii) treated with toltrazuril (20 mg/kg body weight). Animals were treated at day 0 (D0) and fecal samples were collected at D0 and eight days later (D8) to evaluate the reduction in intensity of Eimeria oocyst excretion. Oocyst morphology and morphometry were used to identify Eimeria species at both sampling dates. Results: Reduction of oocyst shedding was incomplete in both farms (92.44% and 93.58%) after diclazuril treatment. More specifically, the efficacy was reduced in both farms for E. ovinoidalis/Eimeria marsica (92.59% and 91.87%) and E. crandallis/Eimeria weybridgensis (75.34% and 80.10%). The general efficacy of toltrazuril was high in both farms (97.6% and 97.96%). However, a slightly reduced efficacy was noted in farm 1 for E. crandallis/E. weybridgensis (93.26%) while this efficacy was high in farm 2 (98.88%). Conclusions: We suggest a simple protocol to investigate the efficacy of anticoccidial treatments in sheep and to rapidly identify potentially resistant species. In these two farms, treating animals with diclazuril will select pathogenic species, and toltrazuril could favor resistant E. crandallis/E. weybridgensis in one of them.