bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the Effects of Ad Tone on Voter Turnout and Candidate Choice in Presidential Elections
Authors: Gordon Brett R. , Lovett Mitchell J. , Luo Bowen , Reeder James C. 
Published: March 2022

We study the effects of positive and negative advertising in presidential elections. We develop a model to disentangle these effects on voter turnout and candidate choice. The central empirical challenges are highly correlated and endogenous advertising quantities that are measured with error. To address these challenges, we construct a large set of potential instruments, including interactions with incumbency that we demonstrate provide the critical identifying variation, and apply machine-learning causal inference methods. Using data from the 2000 and 2004 U.S. presidential elections, we find that positive and negative ads play fundamentally different roles. Negative ads are more effective at driving relative candidate shares, whereas positive ads stimulate turnout. These results indicate that a candidate geographically targeting tone trades off local relative share gains and local increases in turnout for localities with a strong base. Counterfactual simulations, where the candidates adjust the quantity of positive and negative advertising while budgets remain fixed, indicate that ad tone alone can impact the outcome of close elections. Our analysis also provides potential explanations as to why past studies have produced mixed findings on both ad-tone and turnout effects. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4347 .
‘We do not talk about it’: Engaging youth in Malawi to inform adaptation of a mental health literacy intervention
Authors: Jumbe Sandra , Nyali Joel , Simbeye Maryrose , Zakeyu Nelson , Motshewa Gase , Pulapa Subba Rao 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
There is limited knowledge on how to tackle mental health problems among youth in Africa. Literature describing community engagement (CE) approaches in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) health research is sparse. CE with youth from LMICS can help steer and shape culturally relevant interventions for stigmatised topics like mental health, resulting in better healthcare experiences. We share our experience of engaging youth in Malawi through advocacy organisations to inform cultural adaptation of a mental health literacy intervention.

Methods
Young people were recruited using social media from universities and community youth organisations in Malawi to participate in focus group discussions to help culturally adapt content of an existing mental health literacy intervention. Nine online focus groups with 44 individuals were conducted. Discussions involved views and experiences of mental health, including impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.

Results
Transcript analyses revealed a vicious cycle of poverty and mental health problems for youth in Malawi. Four key themes were identified, 1) poverty-related socioeconomic and health challenges, 2) no one talks about mental health, 3) lacking mental health support and 4) relationship issues. These themes fed into one another within this vicious cycle which perpetually and negatively impacted their lives. The coronavirus pandemic worsened socioeconomic issues, health challenges, mental health and substance use issues, and burden on Malawi’s already weak mental health system.

Conclusion
Findings suggest increasing untreated mental health burden among Malawi’s youth. It highlights great need to address mental health literacy using existing community structures like educational settings to minimise burden on a weak health system. Online focus groups are an effective way of acquiring views from various young people in Malawi on mental health. This CE approach has grown our stakeholder network, strengthening potential for future CE activities and broader research dissemination.
PARA UMA TEORIA GERAL DA HISTÓRIA DAS IDEIAS JURÍDICAS AMBIENTAIS A PARTIR DA RACIONALIDADE DE ENRIQUE LEFF
Authors: Ferreira Maia Fernando Joaquim , Chagas Gomes Cárita 
Published: March 2022

Contextualização do tema: a temática se insere na crítica à colonialidade do direito na América Latina, especificamente no direito ambiental. Esta colonialidade se assenta na incapacidade do mercado dialogar e internalizar o mundo dos direitos com os valores das comunidades campesinas, das populações tradicionais, indígenas, quilombolas e das massas urbanas, que formam o saber ambiental.Objetivos: a partir deste problema, o objetivo do trabalho é esboçar uma teoria geral da história das ideias jurídicas ambientais a partir da racionalidade de Enrique Leff. Metodologia: a linha metodológica assume uma direção multidisciplinar, com o aporte da história das ideias, de efetivação do pensamento fundamental de Enrique Leff na história das ideias jurídicas a partir de uma simbiose entre o conceito de formação econômico-social em Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, o conceito de racionalidade em Weber e o conceito de saber ambiental em Foucault.Resultados: a conclusão aponta que o objeto das ideias jurídicas ambientais pode ser apreendido, para pesquisa em história das ideias jurídicas, mediante a racionalidade ambiental. Além do mais, a racionalidade ambiental auxilia na detecção das contradições fundamentais e secundárias na relação jurídica ambiental e na diferenciação das várias etapas de desenvolvimento dessas contradições e dos seus fenômenos.
Lung Infection Affects Access to Treatment and Short-Term Outcome in Patients With Severe Alcohol-Related Hepatitis Treated With Corticosteroids
Authors: Ntandja Wandji Line Carolle , Ningarhari Massih , Lemaître Elise , Khaldi Marion , Saffers Pierre , Lollivier Julien , Lassailly Guillaume , Dharancy Sébastien , Mathurin Philippe , Louvet Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Severe alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is associated with an increased risk of infection, but the impact of pneumonia has not been specifically analyzed in a specific cohort.

METHODS:
All patients admitted for severe AH between 2002 and 2020 were prospectively included. Systematic screening for infection was performed at admission and renewed in the case of clinical suspicion.

RESULTS:
We included 614 patients (60.4% men, mean age 49.9 years, median model for end-stage liver disease [MELD] 25.2, bilirubin 18.1 mg/dL), 202 (32.9%) with infections at admission (73 lung infections). Encephalopathy (P = 0.006), MELD score (P = 0.0002), and tobacco exposure (past vs never smokers: P = 0.002 or active vs past smokers: P = 0.005) were associated with lung infection at admission on multivariate analysis. Factors independently associated with death before steroid initiation were encephalopathy (P = 0.003), MELD score (P = 0.05), and especially lung infection (P < 0.0001). Thus, patients with a lung infection had a lower probability of receiving steroids than those with other infections and noninfected patients: 54.8 vs 88.4 vs 98.1% (P < 0.0001). One hundred forty-six of the 558 patients who received corticosteroids developed infection, including 57 (39.04%) pneumonias. The risk of respiratory and nonrespiratory infection was higher in nonresponders to steroids (Lille score ≥0.45) than in responders: 13% vs 7.6%, P = 0.03 and 27.9% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001, respectively. The variables independently associated with 3-month mortality after steroid initiation were lung infection (P = 0.004), nonresponse to steroids (P < 0.0001), MELD score (P = 0.0003), ascites (P = 0.003), and encephalopathy (P = 0.018), whereas nonrespiratory infections were not (P = 0.91).

DISCUSSION:
Lung infection is frequent during severe AH and influences mortality at admission and after steroid initiation. These results emphasize the need for specific management of lung infection during the course of AH.
Extractive summarization of Malayalam documents using latent Dirichlet allocation: An experience
Authors: Kondath Manju , Suseelan David Peter , Idicula Sumam Mary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Automatic text summarization (ATS) extracts information from a source text and presents it to the user in a condensed form while preserving its primary content. Many text summarization approaches have been investigated in the literature for highly resourced languages. At the same time, ATS is a complicated and challenging task for under-resourced languages like Malayalam. The lack of a standard corpus and enough processing tools are challenges when it comes to language processing. In the absence of a standard corpus, we have developed a dataset consisting of Malayalam news articles. This article proposes an extractive topic modeling-based multi-document text summarization approach for Malayalam news documents. We first cluster the contents based on latent topics identified using the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling technique. Then by adopting vector space model, the topic vector and sentence vector of the given document are generated. According to the relevant status value, sentences are ranked between the document’s topic and sentence vectors. The summary obtained is optimized for non-redundancy. Evaluation results on Malayalam news articles show that the summary generated by the proposed method is closer to the human-generated summaries than the existing text summarization methods.
Integrating Pediatric Universal Behavioral Health Care at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Bair-Merritt Megan H. , Durham Michelle P. , Rosenberg Jessica , Tamene Mahader , Bonacci Cathleen , Daftary Genevieve , Tang Michael H. , Sengupta Nandini , Morris Anita , Feinberg Emily 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Research supports integrated pediatric behavioral health (BH), but evidence gaps remain in ensuring equitable care for children of all ages. In response, an interdisciplinary team codeveloped a stepped care model that expands BH services at 3 federally qualified health centers (FQHCs).

METHODS
FQHCs reported monthly electronic medical record data regarding detection of BH issues, receipt of services, and psychotropic medications. Study staff reviewed charts of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and after implementation.

RESULTS
Across 47 437 well-child visits, &gt;80% included a complete BH screen, significantly higher than the state’s long-term average (67.5%; P &lt; .001). Primary care providers identified &gt;30% of children as having BH issues. Of these, 11.2% of children &lt;5 years, 53.8% of 5–12 years, and 74.6% &gt;12 years were referred for care. Children seen by BH staff on the day of referral (ie, “warm hand-off”) were more likely to complete an additional BH visit than children seen later (hazard ratio = 1.37; P &lt; .0001). There was no change in the proportion of children prescribed psychotropic medications, but polypharmacy declined (from 9.5% to 5.7%; P &lt; .001). After implementation, diagnostic rates for ADHD more than doubled compared with baseline, follow-up with a clinician within 30 days of diagnosis increased (62.9% before vs 78.3% after; P = .03) and prescriptions for psychotropic medication decreased (61.4% before vs 43.9% after; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS
Adding to a growing literature, results demonstrate that integrated BH care can improve services for children of all ages in FQHCs that predominantly serve marginalized populations.
Slip-Correlated High-Frequency Scaling Factor for Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling of Ground Motion
Authors: Dang Pengfei , Cui Jie , Liu Qifang , Xia Songlin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTo eliminate the effect of the subfault dimension on the synthetic ground motion of the stochastic finite-fault technique, Motazedian and Atkinson developed the dynamic corner frequency. Furthermore, they derived a high-frequency scaling factor based on the velocity spectrum to compensate for the underestimation of the ground-motion source spectrum amplitude in the high-frequency range caused by the dynamic corner frequency. However, this high-frequency scaling factor was developed on the assumption that the slip amount, seismic moment, and the high-frequency received energy of each subfault on the rupture surface were the same. Considering the nonuniformity of the slip of each subfault and the large amount of received energy released on the asperity body, the received energy of the entire fault was distributed to each subfault according to the ratio of the slip of the subfault to the total slip. This could ensure not only that the high-frequency received energy radiated by the subfault with a large slip was greater but also that the total received energy was conserved. Finally, an example was used to discuss the effect of the improvement on the synthetic ground motion. The results showed that the proposed improved approach can further eliminate the dependence of the synthetic results on the dimension of the subfault.
Edukasi Dengan Media Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi Prakonsepsi, Sikap dan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Wanita Pranikah
Authors: Putri Pratiwi Hariyani , Ainani Farah Nilna Nur , Yuliani Kartika , Sunaryo Merry , Puspitasari Putri 
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (KEK) in Jombang District has a percentage of 15.17 percent in women who are not pregnant and 12.63 percent in women of childbearing age who are pregnant (Kemenkes RI, 2018). The high prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (KEK) in women of childbearing age in Jombang District, which exceeds the average in East Java, indicates that there are problems that need special attention. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education with booklet media on preconception nutrition knowledge, attitudes and macronutrient intake of premarital women. This type of research is a quasi-experimental. The design used pre-post test control group design. The results of the study indicate that there is an effect of education with booklet media on nutritional knowledge of premarital women (p sama dengan 0,008), there is an effect of education with booklet media on the attitude of premarital women (p sama dengan 0,001), there is an effect of education with booklet media on energy intake (p sama dengan 0,020), protein (p sama dengan 0,025), lemak (p sama dengan 0,005), karbohidrat (p sama dengan 0,034). Education using booklet media affects preconception nutrition knowledge, attitudes and macronutrient intake. This happens because the booklet media is easy to understand, can be taken anywhere and can be read at any time so that this media is very effective.
Anti-Tumor Effect of Marshallagia marshalli Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562
Authors: Raisnia Reyhane , Mohebalian Hadi , Shahrokhi Sabzevar Atousa , Borji Hassan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Today, the inhibitory effect of helminths on tumor cell growth has been proven. We investigated the anti-tumor activity of Marshallagia marshalli somatic against K562 cells.
Methods: Different concentrations of M. marshalli somatic antigen were incorporated in the culture medium of K652 cells, and the proliferation and apoptosis were measured after 24, 48, and 72 h, using MTT and Annexin V/PI staining assay.
Results: Treatment of cells with 1-2 mg/ml antigen for 24-72 h could suppress cell proliferation and increase apoptosis. While treating cells with 0.1 mg/ml antigen for 72 h could inhibit cell growth. There was no meaningful effect on treated cells in comparison with the control group (P< 0.05) after incubating cells for 24- 48 h with 0.1 mg/ml antigen.
Conclusion: M. marshalli somatic antigen had an anti-cancer property, and its role in cancer treatment could be considered as an effective therapeutic method.
The First Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Scar Fifty Years After Leishmanization
Authors: Tumolskaya Nelli Ignatievna , Sergiev Vladimir Petrovich , Zelya Olga Petrovna , Zavoikin Valerij Dmitrievich 
Published: March 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a self-curing skin infection distributed in tropics and subtropics. Up to one million cases of CL appeared in endemic areas a year. Leishmanization (artificially controlled infections) was widely used to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the past. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common epithelial neoplasm of the skin. Cases of BCC developing in a leishmanial scar have been documented. We present the first case of confirmed basal cell carcinoma arising in 2020 in an 81-old physician working in Moscow (Russian Federation) in a leishmanial scar. It was 50 years after the primary lesion due to a successful leishmanization, widely used to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the past.
Establishment and Enforcement of Operational Rules at an Unsanctioned Safe Drug Consumption Site in the United States, 2014–2020
Authors: Davidson Peter J. , Wenger Lynn D. , Lambdin Barrot H. , Kral Alex H. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To examine how operational rules are established and enforced at an unsanctioned safe consumption site (SCS) operating in the United States. Methods. We conducted 44 qualitative interviews with people who use drugs, staff members, and volunteers at an unsanctioned SCS and analyzed them using an inductive thematic approach. Results. Rule-making processes were largely driven by concerns raised by service users rather than driven by external pressures, and iterated rapidly in response to changing needs. The unsanctioned nature of the site produced an environment where bottom-up rule-making was critical to generating a shared sense of ownership of the site and where enforcement was necessarily fluid. Conclusions. Removing external restrictions on operational rules for SCSs results in a flexible set of rules that are highly responsive to the social and public health needs of people who use drugs. Legislation and regulations of SCSs should aim to place as few hard limits on operating conditions as possible to maximize involvement of and responsiveness to people who use drugs. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S166–S172. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306714 )
An Ethnographic Assessment of COVID-19‒Related Changes to the Risk Environment for People Who Use Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Friedman Joseph , Calderón-Villarreal Alhelí , Adame Rebeca Cazares , Abramovitz Daniela , Rafful Claudia , Rangel Gudelia , Vera Alicia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Bourgois Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To characterize the effects of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk environment of people who use drugs (PWUD) in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. We used intensive participant-observation ethnography among street-based PWUD and key informants, such as frontline physicians and harm reductionists. Results. PWUD described an unprecedented cessation of police violence and extortion during the initial pandemic-related lockdown, though this quickly reversed and police violence worsened. Government-provided housing and medical treatment with methadone were temporarily provided to PWUD in a dedicated clinic, yet only for PWUD with COVID-19 symptoms. Concurrently, non‒COVID-19‒related hospital care became virtually inaccessible, and many PWUD died of untreated, chronic illnesses, such as hepatitis C, and soft-tissue infections. Border closures, decreases in social interaction, and reduced drug and sex tourism resulted in worsening food, income, and housing insecurity for many PWUD. By contrast, potent illicit drugs remained easily accessible in open-air drug markets. Conclusions. The pandemic exacerbated health risks for PWUD but also offered profound glimpses of beneficial structural changes. Efforts are needed in Tijuana and elsewhere to institutionalize positive pandemic-related shifts and ameliorate novel harms for PWUD. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S199–S202. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306796 )
Benefits and limitations of life story work for adults with alcohol related brain damage: A systematic search and literature review
Authors: Mushens Daniel John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction

ARBD is caused by chronic alcohol misuse and a deficiency of the thiamine vitamin which causes a broad range of impairments, but people with ARBD have up to a 75% of achieving some recovery. Life story work as a psychosocial therapeutic intervention is commonly used for various service user groups although it appears to be seldom considered within an ARBD context.

Aim

The aim of this research was to explore and identify benefits and limitations of life story work for people with ARBD.

Method

Using the PRISMA statement principles, systematic searches of two academic databases were conducted resulting in 10 papers to be reviewed.

Results

Two main themes were identified. (1) The current research on life story work for people with dementia, cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. (2) Variations of life story work and its benefits and challenges.

Discussion

Evidence suggests engaging in psychosocial activities can increase wellbeing and quality of life. However, although researchers consistently advocate for a holistic approach to ARBD recovery, the promotion of life story work appears to be overlooked.

Implications for practice

Life story work can increase wellbeing, engagement and rapport between the person with ARBD and the facilitator as well as aiding family involvement.
Three Perspectives: The Approach of Neoadjuvant Treatment of Rectum Cancer According to Medical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, and Surgeons
Authors: Beypinar Ismail , Tercan Mustafa , Tugrul Fuzuli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Two treatment options are considered for radiotherapy: short-course radiotherapy and immediate surgery or chemoradiation with 5-Fluorouracil based chemotherapy with delayed surgery. We try to evaluate the real-life treatment approaches of medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists for neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancers. MethodThe online survey form was established via Google Forms. The survey was taken voluntarily by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, and general surgeons.Results One hundred eighty-three of the participants were medical oncologists while 36 were radiotherapists and 36 were surgeons. Most of the study population preferred long-course radiation therapy and chemotherapy (85%). Two-thirds of the participants preferred chemotherapy before operation. The most frequent chemotherapy cycles for the pre-operative setting were ‘three’ or ‘four-or-more’. (27,8% and 25,1% respectively) Medical oncologists had a significantly higher tendency of offering chemotherapy between radiation therapy and surgery compared with the other groups. The optimal time of surgery was different between groups. There was no difference among groups between surgery and the ‘watch & wait’ strategy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens were different between groups significantly.ConclusionWe found the new pre-operative chemotherapy regimen with short-course radiotherapy was slowly adopted in current practice. Also, medical oncologists tend pre-operative chemotherapy compared with other groups.