bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Vulnerability to Mood Deterioration in an Exercise Cessation Paradigm
Authors: Evans Maggie , Rohan Kelly J. , Meyerhoff Jonah , Norton Richard J. , Sibold Jeremy S. 
Published: October 2022

Mood deterioration in response to exercise cessation is well documented, but moderators of this effect remain unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that physically active individuals with higher levels of cognitive vulnerability (i.e., tendencies toward negative thought content and processes in response to stress or negative mood states) are at greater risk for increased anxiety and depressive symptoms when undergoing exercise cessation. Community adults meeting recommended physical activity guidelines (N = 36) participated in a 4-week prospective, longitudinal study with 2 weeks each of maintained exercise and exercise cessation. Cognitive vulnerability measures included dysfunctional attitudes, brooding rumination, and cognitive reactivity (i.e., change in dysfunctional attitudes over a dysphoric mood induction). Anxiety and depression symptoms increased during exercise cessation. Brooding emerged as a risk factor for increases in tension scores on the Profile of Mood States–Brief during exercise cessation. Future studies should explore brooding as a mediator (i.e., potential mechanism) of exercise-induced mood deterioration.
Metabolomic markers of glucose regulation after a lifestyle intervention in prediabetes
Authors: Sevilla-Gonzalez Magdalena del Rocio , Manning Alisa K , Westerman Kenneth E , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos Alberto , Deik Amy , Clish Clary B 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionDisentangling the specific factors that regulate glycemia from prediabetes to normoglycemia could improve type 2 diabetes prevention strategies. Metabolomics provides substantial insights into the biological understanding of environmental factors such as diet. This study aimed to identify metabolomic markers of regression to normoglycemia in the context of a lifestyle intervention (LSI) in individuals with prediabetes.Research design and methodsWe conducted a single-arm intervention study with 24 weeks of follow-up. Eligible study participants had at least one prediabetes criteria according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines, and body mass index between 25 and 45 kg/m2. LSI refers to a hypocaloric diet and >150 min of physical activity per week. Regression to normoglycemia (RNGR) was defined as achieving hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <5.5% in the final visit. Baseline and postintervention plasma metabolomic profiles were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To select metabolites associated with RNGR, we conducted the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-penalized regressions.ResultsThe final sample was composed of 82 study participants. Changes in three metabolites were significantly associated with regression to normoglycemia; N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (OR=0.54; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.82), putrescine (OR=0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98), and 7-methylguanine (OR=1.06; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), independent of HbA1c and weight loss. In addition, metabolomic perturbations due to LSI displayed enrichment of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway (p=0.03) compatible with biomarkers of protein consumption, lower red meat and animal fats and higher seafood and vegetables.ConclusionsEvidence from this study suggests that specific metabolomic markers have an influence on glucose regulation in individuals with prediabetes after 24 weeks of LSI independently of other treatment effects such as weight loss.
Simplified dosing of oral azithromycin for children 1–11 months old in child survival programmes: age-based and height-based dosing protocols
Authors: Hu Huiyu , Arzika Ahmed Mamane , Sie Ali , Abdou Amza , Maliki Ramatou , Mankara Alio Karamba , Outtara Mamadou , Bountogo Mamadou , Boudo Valentin , Yago-Wienne Fanny , Bamba Issouf , Knirsch Charles , Emerson Paul , Hooper PJ , Lebas Elodie , Brogdon Jessica , Nyatigo Fanice , Oldenburg Catherine E , Lietman Thomas M , O'Brien Kieran S 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo facilitate mass distribution of azithromycin, trachoma control programmes use height instead of weight to determine dose for children 6 months to 15 years old. WHO has recommended azithromycin distribution to children 1–11 months old to reduce mortality in high mortality settings under carefully monitored conditions. Weight was used to determine dose in children 1–5 months old in studies of azithromycin distribution for child survival, but a simplified approach using age or height for all aged 1–11 months old could increase programme efficiency in real-world settings.MethodsThis secondary analysis used data from two cluster randomised trials of azithromycin distribution for child mortality in Niger and Burkina Faso. An exhaustive search algorithm was developed to determine the optimal dose for different age groups, using tolerance limits of 10–20 mg/kg for children 1–2 months old and 15–30 mg/kg for children 3–11 months old. Height-based dosing was evaluated against the existing trachoma dosing pole and with a similar exhaustive search.ResultsThe optimal two-tiered age-based approach suggested a dose of 80 mg (2 mL) for children 1–2 months old and 160 mg (4 mL) for children 3–11 months old. Under this schedule, 89%–93% of children would have received doses within tolerance limits in both study populations. Accuracy was 93%–94% with a three-tiered approach, which resulted in doses of 80 mg (2 mL), 120 mg (3 mL) and 160 mg (4 mL) for children 1–2, 3–4 and 5–11 months old, respectively. For children 1–5 months old, the existing height pole would result in 70% of doses within tolerance limits. The optimisation identified height-based dosing options with 95% accuracy, although this would require changes to the existing dosing pole as well as additional training to measure infants lying flat.ConclusionsOverall, an age-based approach with two age tiers resulted in high accuracy while considering both concerns about overdosing in this young population and simplicity of field operations.
Lipoprotein(a) levels in a global population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Nissen Steven E , Wolski Kathy , Cho Leslie , Nicholls Stephen J , Kastelein John , Leitersdorf Eran , Landmesser Ulf , Blaha Michael , Lincoff A Michael , Morishita Ryuichi , Tsimikas Sotirios , Liu Junhao , Manning Brian , Kozlovski Plamen , Lesogor Anastasia , Thuren Tom , Shibasaki Taro , Matei Florin , Silveira Fábio Serra , Meunch Andreas , Bada Aysha , Vijan Vinod , Bruun Niels Eske , Nordestgaard Borge G 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an important genetically determined risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASCVD). With the development of Lp(a)-lowering therapies, this study sought to characterise patterns of Lp(a) levels in a global ASCVD population and identify racial, ethnic, regional and gender differences.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or peripheral artery disease conducted at 949 sites in 48 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, South America, South Africa and Australia between April 2019 and July 2021. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a) levels were measured either as mass (mg/dL) or molar concentration (nmol/L).ResultsOf 48 135 enrolled patients, 13.9% had prior measurements of Lp(a). Mean age was 62.6 (SD 10.1) years and 25.9% were female. Median Lp(a) was 18.0 mg/dL (IQR 7.9–57.1) or 42.0 nmol/L (IQR 15.0–155.4). Median LDL-C was 77 mg/dL (IQR 58.4–101.0). Lp(a) in women was higher, 22.8 (IQR 9.0–73.0) mg/dL, than in men, 17.0 (IQR 7.1–52.2) mg/dL, p<0.001. Black patients had Lp(a) levels approximately threefold higher than white, Hispanic or Asian patients. Younger patients also had higher levels. 27.9% of patients had Lp(a) levels >50 mg/dL, 20.7% had levels >70 mg/dL, 12.9% were >90 mg/dL and 26.0% of patients exceeded 150 nmol/L.ConclusionsGlobally, Lp(a) is measured in a small minority of patients with ASCVD and is highest in black, younger and female patients. More than 25% of patients had levels exceeding the established threshold for increased cardiovascular risk, approximately 50 mg/dL or 125 nmol/L.Trial registration number
A Theranostic Approach for CAR-T Cell Therapy
Authors: Weber Wolfgang A. , Varasteh Zohreh , Fritschle Katja , Morath Volker 
Published: October 2022

SummaryFibroblast activation protein (FAP) is frequently expressed in the tumor stroma, whereas expression by normal organs is highly restricted. Despite these promising features, FAP-targeted therapies have shown limited success so far. FAP imaging offers new opportunities to select patients for FAP-targeted therapies and monitor tumor response.See related article by Lee et al., p. 5330
Parents behavior for delivering adolescent reproductive health education
Authors: Kusumaningrum Tanjung Anitasari Indah , Suci Diah Laras , Wulandari Dini 
Published: October 2022

<p>Adolescence is a period of searching for identity that requires information on reproductive health and sexuality so as not to fall into premarital sexual behavior. Parents play an important role in providing reproductive health information to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between partner support, perceived barriers, and self-confidence with parents behavior for giving adolescent reproductive health education. The research employed a cross sectional approach which was conducted online in June-August 2020 to 300 parents of teenagers aged 15-19 years. The sampling technique is double sampling using self-administered questionnaire that has been tested for validity. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi square and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression test. The results showed that parents' self-confidence was the most influential factor in reproductive health education for adolescents (OR=3.052, CI=1.534-6.071). Parents who have low self-confidence tend not to provide comprehensive reproductive health information to adolescents. Lack of skills to explain the topic of sexuality, lack of knowledge of the material that will be given, and the shame when conveying sexuality material is something that affects parents' self-confidence. Training is needed for parents on how to provide information on reproductive health to adolescents.</p>
Applying the health belief model in identifying individual understanding towards prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Afrasiabi Fateme , Behesht aeen Fateme , Kargar jahromi Marzieh 
Published: October 2022

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder, which leads to numerous complications. This disease can be prevented by training people and increasing their awareness via the health belief model. This descriptive study aimed to determine the diabetes prevention behaviors based on the health belief model among high-risk individuals. There were 220 randomly selected individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes completed a 65-item questionnaire based on the constructs of the health belief model. Data were analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The mean score of knowledge among respondents was 5.54<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>2.60, which indicated that 50.36% of the participants had gained the maximum score of knowledge. The results indicated that the constructs of the health belief model determined 19% of the variance in type 2 diabetes prevention behaviors. Perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and knowledge were the significant positive predictors of diabetes prevention behaviors. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between age, economic status, and education level and some constructs of the health belief model. The results indicated that the high-risk patients obtained moderate mean scores in type 2 diabetes prevention behaviors. These results could improve educational programs with regard to beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to promote type 2 diabetes prevention and self-care behaviors among at-risk populations.<p> </p>
Comparison of Three Scores of Collateral Status for Their Association With Clinical Outcome: The HERMES Collaboration
Authors: Gensicke Henrik , Al-Ajlan Fahad , Fladt Joachim , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Bracard Serge , Hill Michael D. , Muir Keith W. , Demchuk Andrew , San Román Luis , van der Lugt Aad , Liebeskind David S. , Brown Scott , White Philip M. , Guillemin Francis , Dávalos Antoni , Jovin Tudor G. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Goyal Mayank , Mitchell Peter J. , Menon Bijoy K. ,   for the HERMES Collaborators
Published: October 2022

Background:
Leptomeningeal collateral status on baseline computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is associated with clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke treatment. However, assessment of collateral status is not uniform. To compare 3 different CTA collateral scores (CS) and imaging techniques about their association with clinical outcome.

Methods:
Pooled analysis of patient-level data from the Highly Effective Reperfusion Using Multiple Endovascular Devices collaboration. Patients with large vessel occlusion from 7 randomized controlled trials that compared endovascular thrombectomy with standard medical care were included. Three different CS (Tan CS, regional CS [rCS], and regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS) and 2 imaging techniques (single-phase [sCTA] and multiphase/dynamic CTA) were evaluated. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months poststroke was the primary outcome. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of sCTA image acquisition time on collateral status assessment using an adjusted ordinal logistic regression model to obtain predicted values for the trichotomized rCS.

Results:

Among 1147 pooled patients, 948 (82.7%) had sCTA and 199 (17.3%) multiphase/dynamic CTA as baseline angiography. With all 3 collateral scales, better CSs were associated with better 3-month functional outcome. With sCTA images, the rCS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63) and regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS (AUC 0.62) better predicted functional outcome than the Tan CS (AUC 0.60, respectively;
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.02). With multiphase/dynamic CTA images, all collateral scales performed similarly in predicting functional outcome (rCS [AUC 0.61]; regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS [AUC 0.61] versus Tan CS [AUC 0.61], respectively;
P
=0.93 and
P
=0.91). Overall, no endovascular thrombectomy treatment effect modification by collateral status (rCS) was demonstrated (
P
=0.41). sCTA timing independently influenced CS assessment. On earlier timed sCTA, the predicted proportions of scans with poor collaterals was higher and vice versa.

Conclusions:
In this data set of highly selected patients with stroke, using a regional CS on sCTA likely allows for the most accurate prediction of functional outcome while on time-resolved CTA, the type of CS did not matter. Patients across all collateral grades benefit from endovascular thrombectomy. sCTA timing independently influenced CS assessment.
Disabled Students’ perception of the sensory aspects of the learning and social environments within one Higher Education Institution
Authors: Nolan Clodagh , Doyle Jessica K , Lewis Kieran , Treanor Declan 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The environment, both natural and man-made, can influence how we learn and socialise. For some, the environment can be a challenge to overcome. The purpose of this study was to establish a student’s perspective on the sensory aspects of the learning and social environments of a university. Methods: A survey design based upon Winnie Dunn’s Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile was developed specifically for this study; 150 disabled students responded to the survey, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and template analysis. Results: The final template analysis identified 3 main themes with 10 sub-themes, with each sub-theme relating to the research question as well as to the level of explanation: (a) Theme one: Barriers in the environment described noise, poor lighting, crowding and lack of visual cues that created difficulties for the respondents to this survey. The sub-themes were obstacles to learning in the library, obstacles to learning in lectures, obstacles to learning in exams and ventilation in learning spaces. (b) Theme two: Reactions to barriers, included how respondents react to sensory overload and uncertainty in the environment. The sub-themes encompassed problems when schedules change regularly, and reactions when overwhelmed in college. (c) Theme three: Improving the environment refers to suggestions that respondents made to improving the environment for all students to enable engagement and participation within college. The sub-themes compromised of developing a safe space for managing sensory needs, seeking natural elements across campus, seeking awareness, as well as adaptions and strategies for transitions. Conclusion: Respondents identified how individuals have varied responses to sensory stimuli thereby increasing our understanding. They pointed to a way forward for institutes of higher education to design spaces that are more inclusive by putting forward suggestions for greater use of green space, better furnishings and minimisation of distractions, thereby increasing the health and welfare for all.
Magnetosome yield characteristics modeling of acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology
Authors: He Shuangjun , Yang Jiani , Fan Xinxin , Lu Dong , Zhang Shuang , Yan Lei 
Published: October 2022

Bacterial magnetosomes had been proved to have great application potential in medicine and biotechnology. The objective of the present study was to obtain high yield of magnetosomes from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ( A. ferrooxidans) BYM in an airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology (RSM). The magnetosomes from A. ferrooxidans BYM were characterized using a transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum magnetosome yield of 0.4267 mg/L was achieved at ventilation capacity of 3.6 L/min and gluconic acid concentration of 10 mmol/L at 25oC. The correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.8676 of the obtained model suggested a good correlation between the actual and predicted magnetosome yield. The confirmation experiment confirmed that the actual magnetosome yield of 0.391 mg/L obtained were in agreement with the predicted value of 0.398 mg/L. These results suggested that RSM can be employed to find out the optimum conditions for magnetosome formation in airlift bioreactor.
Alignment prior to total knee arthroplasty in high tibial osteotomy patients has no effect on subsequent functional outcomes
Authors: Song Joshua , Koh Don Thong Siang , Liow Lincoln Ming Hand , Chia Shi-Lu , Lo Ngai Nung , Yeo Seng Jin , Chen Jerry Yongqiang 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The influence of prior high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) functional outcomes remains widely debated. Alignment of failed HTO can pose technical challenges with subsequent TKA. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of HTO alignment on the clinical outcomes of subsequent TKA. The secondary aim was to compare the time to TKA for each HTO alignment type. Methods Patients who underwent TKA post lateral closing-wedge HTO for symptomatic medial compartment osteoarthritis between 2001 and 2014 were prospectively followed up for 2 years. A total of 159 patients were assigned to three groups based on their pre-TKA femora tibia angles using long lower limb radiographs: varus alignment (VrA) ≤ 3o valgus, neutral alignment (NA) 3-9o valgus alignment, valgus alignment (VlA) ≥ 9o valgus. Functional outcomes were quantified using Knee Society Function Score and Knee Scores (KSFS and KSKS respectively), modified Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Short Form 36 Physical Component Score (SF-36 PCS), and SF-36 Mental Component Score (SF-36 MCS). Pre-operative and post-operative knee range of motion were also measured. Results Mean pre-TKA KSKS in VrA patients (35 ± 18) was significantly lower than both NA (51 ± 19) and VlA (40 ± 21) patients ( p < .05). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in functional outcome scores (KSFS, KSKS, OKS, SF-36 PCS and SF-36 MCS) or range of motion at 6 months and 2 years post-TKA. The mean duration from HTO to TKA was 12 ± 7 years with no significant differences between VrA, NA, and VlA HTO to TKA (13 ± 7 years, 13 ± 6 years and12 ± 8 years respectively, p > .05). Conclusion HTO alignment did not influence time to subsequent TKA. HTO alignment did not influence early outcomes as well as radiological outcomes of subsequent TKA. Level of evidence III
‘Whose life are They Going to Save? It’s Probably Not Going to be Mine!’ Living With a Life-Shortening Condition During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study of Embodied Precarity
Authors: Earle Sarah , Blackburn Maddie , Chambers Lizzie , Downing Julia , Flemming Kate , Hale Jamie , Marston Hannah R. , O’Dell Lindsay , Sinason Valerie , Watts Lucy , Whitney Sally 
Published: October 2022

This article explores the experiences of young adults with a life-shortening condition in the first wave of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the UK. It presents the findings from an inclusive qualitative research study using constructivist grounded theory which aimed to examine the unintended consequences of pandemic control measures (lockdown and ‘shielding’) on this population. Purposive and theoretical sampling methods were used to recruit young adults with a life-shortening condition, employing a range of recruitment methods such as social media, advertising in newsletters and snowballing. Twenty-six young adults (aged 22–40 years), with a wide range of life-shortening conditions participated in the study. Seventeen participants were female and nine male. The majority identified as White British/Other and the remainder as Black British (2), Mixed Race (2) or Latin American (1). Data were generated iteratively using in-depth guided interviews and analysed collectively by an inclusive research team using the constant comparative method. The article explores a theory of embodied precariousness of living with a life-shortening condition during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic in relation to three categories: the rationing of life-saving treatment, the deterioration of health and retraction of healthcare provision, and the disruption of typical care arrangements. The findings show that the pandemic control measures introduced to keep people safe have intensified the precarity of this group promoting inequalities in healthcare and health outcomes. The article identifies some implications for practice to support the future management of unexpected and unwanted change.