bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalyst‐free Light‐driven Dehydrogenation of Alcohols into Carbonyl Compounds under Mild Conditions
Authors: Fan Qiangwen , Zhang Honglei , Ren Huijun , He Yanling , Gu Yuhang , Wu Guorong , Zhu Haibo , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we reported a photocatalyst‐free, facile and eco‐friendly method for conducting dehydrogenation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes or ketones with high selectivity under mild conditions. The methodology exhibited outstanding tolerance with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups and afforded series of aldehydes or ketones in considerable yields. Furthermore, the plausible mechanism was investigated by control experiments and DFT calculations. The advantages of readily accessible, atomic economy and green reaction conditions for the present method will endow it with prospective application in chemical synthesis.
Mechanisms of Enzymatic Transduction in Nanochannel Biosensors
Authors: Perez Sirkin Yamila A. , Vigil De Maio Manuel , Tagliazucchi Mario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe immobilization of enzymes in solid‐state nanochannels is a new avenue for the design of biosensors with outstanding selectivity and sensitivity. This work reports the first theoretical model of an enzymatic nanochannel biosensor. The model is applied to the system previously experimentally studied by Lin, et al. (Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 10546): a hourglass nanochannel modified by glucose oxidase for the detection of glucose. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations as a function of the applied potential, pH and glucose concentration. The sensing mechanism results from the combination of three processes: i) the establishment of a steady‐state proton concentration gradient due to a reaction‐diffusion mechanism, ii) the effect of that gradient on the charge of the adsorbed enzymes and native surface groups, and iii) the effect of the resulting surface charge on the ionic current. Strategies to improve the sensor performance based on this mechanism are identified and discussed.
Synthesis of n‐type [60]Fullerene Derivatives with Sterically Bulky tert‐Butyl Groups for Vacuum Deposition Processes
Authors: Shibuya Hiromasa , Suk Choi Yeong , Choi Taejin , Yun Sungyoung , Moon Juhee , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract[60]Fullerene derivatives with high thermal stability can be used for vacuum deposition under heating to fabricate thin films for organic electronic devices. Here, we investigated the thermal stability of [60]fullerene derivatives with various bulky substituents for thermal evaporation under vacuum by means of thermogravimetric analysis under reduced and normal pressure. We found sterically bulky groups such as tert‐butyl groups of [60]fullerene derivatives lowered the vacuum deposition temperature. Also, we performed isothermal thermogravimetric analysis to examine the long‐term thermal stability of the designed compounds under heating conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the UV‐Vis absorption patterns of the deposited films. Absorption in the blue wavelength range, which was attributed to intermolecular HOMO–LUMO transitions among the molecular orbitals of adjacent [60]fullerenes, was dramatically modified. These results were associated with the prevention of aggregation among neighboring [60]fullerene by the sterically bulky groups. This concept could contribute to expanding the use of evaporable [60]fullerene derivatives in organic thin‐film electronics research fields.
Non‐Uniform Distribution of Current in Plane of Large‐Area Lithium Electrodes
Authors: Yari Saeed , Van Bael Marlies. K. , Hardy An , Safari Mohammadhosein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work asserts that increasing the planar area of a lithium (Li) electrode is a challenge in view of ensuring a uniform plating and stripping and spatial uniformity for the state‐of‐health over the surface of lithium. A significant in‐plane heterogeneity is observed for the symmetric Li cells with the stack area in the range of 24 to 96 cm2. The cycling of the large‐area lithium electrodes is performed inside a dedicated home‐made electrochemical setup capable of incorporating electrodes of different sizes. The cycling data and post‐mortem analysis reveal a clear non‐uniformity in the distribution of current and aging for the lithium electrodes having a size larger than the coin‐cell and relevant to the commercial applications. It is shown that the inhomogeneous aging manifests mainly in the formation of dead Li film with a spatial variation in thickness and impedance over the surface of the Li electrode.
The role of tumor neogenesis pipelines in tumor progression and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Fu Zhanqi , Yuan Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPipeline formation between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key event leading to tumor progression. These pipelines include blood vessels, lymphatics, and membranous vessels (the former two can be collectively referred to as vasculature). Pipeline regeneration is a feature of all solid tumors; it delivers nutrients to tumors and promotes tumor invasion and metastasis such that cancer cells grow rapidly, escape unfavorable TME, spread to secondary sites, generate tumor drug resistance, and promote postoperative tumor recurrence. Novel tumor therapy strategies must exploit the molecular mechanisms underpinning these pipelines to facilitate more targeted drug therapies. In this review, pipeline generation, influencing factors, pipeline functions during tumor progression, and pipeline potential as drug targets are systematically summarized.
Prognostic importance of the preoperative New‐Naples prognostic score for patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Hao , Fang Tianyi , Yin Xin , Lou Shenghan , Han Bangling , Gao Jialiang , Wang Yufei , Wang Xibo , Zhang Daoxu , Wang Yimin , Zhang Yao , Xue Yingwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe wide applicability of the Naples prognostic score (NPS) is still worthy of further study in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to construct a New‐NPS based on the differences in immunity and nutrition in patients with upper and lower gastrointestinal tumors to help obtain an individualized prediction of prognosis.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from April 2014 to September 2016. The cutoff values of the preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), serum albumin (Alb), and total cholesterol (TC) were calculated by ROC curve analysis. ROC and t‐ROC were used to evaluate the accuracy of the prognostic markers. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test were used to analyze the overall survival probability. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on Cox risk regression were used to show the independent predictors. The nomogram was made by R studio. The predictive accuracy of nomogram was assessed using a calibration plot, concordance index (C‐index), and decision curve.ResultsA total of 737 patients were included in training cohort, 411 patients were included in validation cohort. ROC showed that the New‐NPS was more suitable for predicting the prognosis of GC patients. NPS = 2 indicated a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that CEA (P = 0.026), Borrmann type (P = 0.001), pTNM (P < 0.001), New‐NPS (P < 0.001), and nerve infiltration (P = 0.035) were independent risk factors for prognosis.ConclusionThe New‐NPS based on the cutoff values of NLR, LMR, Alb, and TC is not only suitable for predicting prognosis but can also be combined with clinicopathological characteristics to construct a nomogram model for GC patients.
Progress towards the Total Syntheses of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids γ‐Lycorane
Authors: Xiao Jie , Zhou Guang‐Hua , Zhou An‐Xi , Ji Cong‐Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstractγ‐Lycorane, a degradation product of the Aromaticaceae alkaloid lycorine, is one of the most attractive molecules in the Aromaticaceae family. It remains a popular target for synthesis due to its pentacyclic structure, which presents a vehicle for demonstrating the utility of new synthetic strategies. Various synthetic methods have been developed by synthetic chemists since the first synthesis of γ‐lycorane by Nasuo in 1966. Thus, this review presents an overview of the literature on the ways utilized within the synthesis of γ‐lycorane in racemic and enantiopure forms via electrophilic arylation, Pd‐catalyzed C−C coupling, Bischler–Napieralski cyclization, Pictet–Spengler cyclization, photocyclization, radical cyclization, chiral pool synthesis, chiral auxiliary‐mediated synthesis, and catalytic asymmetric synthesis, ranging from 1966 to 2022.
NK cell dysfunction is linked with disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients
Authors: Dizaji Asl Khadijeh , Mazloumi Zeinab , Majidi Ghazal , Kalarestaghi Hossein , Sabetkam Shahnaz , Rafat Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 first raised from Wuhan City, Hubei Province in November 2019. The respiratory disorder, cough, weakness, fever are the main clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Natural Killer (NK) cells as a first defense barrier of innate immune system have an essential role in early defense against pulmonary virus. They kill the infected cells by inducing apoptosis or the degranulation of perforin and granzymes. Collectively, NK cells function are coordinated by the transmitted signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. It is clear that the cytotoxic function of NK cells is disrupted in COVID‐19 patients due to the dysregulation of activating and inhibitory receptors. Therefore, better understanding of the activating and inhibitory receptors mechanism could facilitate the treatment strategy in clinic. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in COVID‐19 patients, the functional detail of NK cell and manipulation of their key checkpoints are gathered in current review.
Rectal foreign body in adult male: Unusual case report and literature review
Authors: Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Sharifpour Ali , Zakariaei Zakaria , Fakhar Mahdi , Soleymani Mostafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe majority of rectal foreign bodies inserted by adults are for self‐gratification. As a result, they will probably be smooth, rounded, tubular, or egg‐shaped to make insertion and extraction easier. Herein, we describe a 50‐year‐old man who inserts a water bottle into a region 10 mm from the anorectal junction.
Dysgerminoma in a 15 years old phenotypically female Swyer syndrome with 46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis: A case report
Authors: Ashraf Ganjooei Tahereh , Pirastehfar Zanbagh , Mosallanejad Asieh , Raoufi Masoomeh , Afshar Moghaddam Noushin , Hashemieh Mozhgan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSwyer syndrome is a 46, XY karyotype, with pure gonadal dysgenesis and primary amenorrhea. These females have primordial Mullerian structures and seek medical attention as they experience primary amenorrhea. Here, we report a 15‐year‐old girl, diagnosed as Swyer syndrome associated with left ovarian dysgerminoma.
Highly Selective Rhodium Catalyzed 1,4‐Hydrogenation of Conjugated Dienals
Authors: Saudan Christophe M. , Berrocosa Aurélien , Quintaine Julie , Spoehrle Stéphanie , Maggi Laurent , Mosimann Hervé , Saudan Lionel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe combination of a large bite‐angle diphosphine with a neutral rhodium complex in presence of a weak base has enabled the regio‐ and chemoselective hydrogenation of the α,β‐carbon‐carbon double bond of conjugated dienals in high selective fashion. This methodology offers a mild and neutral alternative to the commonly employed Claisen rearrangement in the synthesis of γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehydes. A large variety of substituted α,β,γ,δ‐bis‐unsaturated aldehydes has been selectively hydrogenated with the catalyst described herein showing the potential of this new methodology.
Growth and pigment production of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under shear stress
Authors: Mehdizadeh Allaf Malihe , Fadlallah Hadi , Jarrahi Mojtaba , Peerhossaini Hassan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis, have recently become attractive hosts for sustainable production of biofuels and bio‐fixation of CO2 due to their genetic tractability and relatively fast growth. Cultivation of cyanobacteria requires shear stress, which is generated by mixing and air bubbling. In the present work, the impact of shear stress caused by stirring and air bubbling on the growth and pigment production of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is investigated. For this purpose, agitated and airlift bubble column photobioreactors were used. The results showed that the growth and yield production were improved by mixing the culture system. However, there is a limit to this improvement: In the case of air bubbling, increasing shear stress (by rising air bubbling flow rate) to more than 185 mPa did not show any significant growth enhancement, while increasing the shear stress from 40 to 185 mPa improved the yield production up to 85%. At the optimal stirring rate, the yield production in the stirred photobioreactors increased by about 60% as compared to that of unstirred culture. The measurements of chlorophylla and carotenoid showed a strong correlation between biomass production and total pigment content. The highest level of cellular pigment (pigment per cell) was detected at the early stages of culture growth when cells were preparing for the rapid exponential growth phase.
Co‐delivery of Cisplatin and Chlorin e6 by Poly(phosphotyrosine) for Synergistic Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhou Haisen , Wang Yaoyi , Hou Yingqin , Zhang Zhengkui , Wang Qi , Tian Xiaodong , Lu Hua 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryNanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have emerged as promising carriers for combinational therapy by co‐delivery of multiple drugs and modalities. However, most co‐delivery systems require the use of complicated materials and formulations. Herein, we report the single use of a polymeric material, namely mPEG‐block‐poly(phosphotyrosine) (mPEG‐b‐PpY), as a multi‐functional carrier for the facile fabrication of NDDS Pt/Ce6@mPEG‐b‐PpY (PtCeNP) for the co‐delivery of cisplatin and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) via phosphato‐platinum coordination and π‐π stacking, respectively. PtCeNP improves the solubility, cellular uptake, and bioavailability of both parental drugs, and showed strong synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo through combined chemo‐photodynamic therapy. Our results indicate that PpY is a biocompatible, multifunctional, and promising carrier material suitable for a variety of drugs and may simplify the design for co‐delivery systems.
A Pd2L4 Metallacage‐Cored	Supramolecular Amphiphile and Its Application in Dual‐Responsive Controllable Release†
Authors: Chai Yongping , Qin Peng , Li Xupeng , Wei Tai‐Bao , Lin Qi , Zhang You‐Ming , Yao Hong , Qu Wen‐Juan , Shi Bingbing 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryThe construction of multi‐responsive supramolecular systems for drug delivery is a challenging task. In this work, a Pd2L4 metallacage 1·([BF4]−)4 with four pyrene units was first designed and synthesized through coordination‐driven self‐assembly. After the introduction of γ‐CD, a supramolecular amphiphile 1–γ‐CD was successfully constructed based on the host–guest molecular recognition between γ‐CD and the pyrene unit of 1·([BF4]−)4, which further self‐assembled into dual‐responsive supramolecular vesicles in aqueous solution. DOX·HCl was used as a model molecule to study the drug encapsulation and release behavior of the supramolecular vesicles. By adjusting the pH of the solution to acidic condition or adding a certain amount of α‐amylase, the vesicle structure was destroyed to achieve rapid and effective release of the drug molecules. This study provides an example for the rational design of efficient dual‐responsive supramolecular nanocarriers, which have potential application value in the field of controlled drug delivery.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lebrikizumab in adolescent patients with uncontrolled asthma (ACOUSTICS)
Authors: Szefler Stanley J. , Roberts Graham , Rubin Adalberto S. , Zielen Stefan , Kuna Piotr , Alpan Oral , Anzures‐Cabrera Judith , Chen Qiang , Holweg Cécile T. J. , Kaminski Janusz , Putnam Wendy S. , Matthews John G. , Kamath Nikhil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody that modulates activity of interleukin‐13. The Phase 3 ACOUSTICS study assessed lebrikizumab efficacy and safety in adolescents with uncontrolled asthma despite standard‐of‐care treatment.MethodsAdolescents (aged 12–17 years) with uncontrolled asthma, prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s 40%–90% predicted, and stable background therapy were randomised 1:1:1 to receive lebrikizumab 125 or 37.5 mg or placebo subcutaneously once every 4 weeks. Primary efficacy endpoint was asthma exacerbation rate over 52 weeks.ResultsBetween August 2013 and July 2016, 579 patients were screened and 346 were randomised; 224 (65%) completed the study with 52 weeks of treatment. Lebrikizumab 125 mg (n = 116) reduced the exacerbation rate at 52 weeks versus placebo (n = 117; adjusted rate ratio [RR] 0.49 [95% CI 0.28–0.83]; 51% rate reduction). Lebrikizumab 37.5 mg (n = 113) was less effective at reducing exacerbations (RR 0.60 [95% CI 0.35–1.03]; 40% rate reduction). In patients with blood eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/μl, both lebrikizumab doses reduced exacerbations (125 mg: RR 0.44 [95% CI 0.21–0.89]; 37.5 mg: 0.42 [95% CI 0.19–0.93]). Treatment‐emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, and adverse events leading to study discontinuation occurred in 155 (68%), 7 (3%), and 5 (2%) of 229 patients who received lebrikizumab (both 125 and 37.5 mg doses) and in 72 (62%), 4 (3%), and 1 (1%) of 117 who received placebo, respectively. No deaths occurred.ConclusionLebrikizumab 125 mg reduced asthma exacerbation rates in adolescents with uncontrolled asthma. However, the study was prematurely terminated (sponsor's decision) potentially limiting interpretation of results.Clinical trial registrationNCT01875003 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).
The analysis of cross‐correlation between Istanbul Stock Exchange and major stock markets and indices: An empirical analysis using Random Matrix Theory
Authors: Taştan Birhan , Imamoglu Hatice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study attempts to investigate the cross‐correlation between stocks listed under the XU100 index of Borsa Istanbul with several ratios and indices of the stock markets worldwide by using the Random Matrix Theory approach through a correlation matrix. In addition, Eigenvector Analysis, Network Analysis, Dimension Reduction will be carried out to investigate cross‐correlation between markets. It was found that XU100, which is an index that includes 100 stocks highest in volume, has a distinguishing behavior compared to other indices and rates in terms of eigenvalue and related eigenvector structures. Furthermore, mean‐value portfolio analysis showed that the empirical correlation matrix underestimates the portfolio risks than the correlation matrix obtained by filtering the noise. Coronavirus pandemic also affected Borsa Istanbul by breaking periodic behavior of volatility and correlation cycle.
Identification of the types of disease for tomato plants using a modified gray wolf optimization optimized MobileNetV2 convolutional neural network architecture driven computer vision framework
Authors: Mukherjee Gunjan , Chatterjee Arpitam , Tudu Bipan 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYTomato is a widely consumed fruit across the world due to its high nutritional values. Leaf diseases in tomato are very common which incurs huge damages but early detection of leaf diseases can help in avoiding that. The existing practices for detecting different diseases by the human experts are costly, time consuming and subjective in nature. Computer vision plays important role toward early detection of tomato leaf detection. However, implementation of computationally less expensive model and improvement of detection performance is still open. This article reports a computer vision based system to classify seven different categories of diseases, namely, bacterial spot, early blight, late blight, leaf mold, septoria leaf spot, spider mites, and target spots using optimized MobileNetV2 architecture. A modified gray wolf optimization approach has been adopted for optimization of MobileNetV2 hyperparameters for improved performance. The model has been validated using standard internal and external validation methods and found to provide the classification accuracy in the tune of 98%. The results reflect the promising potential of the presented framework for early detection of tomato leaf diseases which can help to avoid substantial agricultural loss.
Topology based energy efficient routing using integration of fuzzy based markov chain cluster‐optimized novel ant bee colony approach in FANET
Authors: Abbas Ali Farithkhan , Erode Dhanapal Kanmani Ruby 
Published: July 2022

SummaryFlying adhoc network (FANET) is a rapidly flourishing technology in recent years which has an excellent scope of growth in the to the improvised mobility and the frequency changing topology FANETs are considered as a challenging technology to design an optimal network model. This problem is fixed with the topology based routing technique. Hence a novel hybrid clustering algorithm where fuzzy based Markov chain cluster (FMC2) is integrated with the optimized novel ant bee colony (ONABC) optimization algorithm (IoFMC2‐ONABC). This algorithm demonstrates an improvised efficiency with the novel ant bee colony algorithm. The proposed model simulation is done in an NS‐2 simulator and results are compared against the existing conventional approaches like adhoc on‐demand distance vector, efficient intelligent packet broadcasting protocol, energy‐efficient routing in flying ad hoc networks, and energy‐efficient gray wolf. This method aims at achieving improvised connectivity, optimizing the power consumption thereby increasing the residual energy augmenting the performance efficiency of the network through selection of the proper cluster center during each transmission. Thus the energy consumption of the node was optimized to 7.6 J with the highest packet delivery ratio of about 85.15 ensuring minimal packet losses during huge data transmission.
Investigation of the influence of single‐particle oscillations on the transport properties of dense plasma
Authors: Kodanova Sandugash K. , Issanova Moldir K. , Omiraliyeva Gaukhar K. , Ramazanov Tlekkabul S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransport properties of the ionic component of dense plasmas are investigated on the basis of effective potentials taking into account the presence of an external alternating electrical (laser) field. The latter generates single‐particle oscillations of electrons and significantly changes the screening of the test charge in plasma. Therefore, transport coefficients become non‐monotonic function of the oscillation frequency. The results for the diffusion and viscosity coefficients are presented. These transport coefficients are computed using the generalized Coulomb logarithm within the Chapman‐Enskog model for the fluid description. It was revealed that the oscillation of the electrons in the alternating external field with the frequency (with ωp being plasma frequency) results in the significant reduction of the ionic diffusion and viscosity coefficients. In contrast, at , the ionic diffusion and viscosity coefficients are larger compared to the case without the external field impact.