bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital intraoral scanner devices: a validation study based on common evaluation criteria
Authors: Róth Ivett , Czigola Alexandra , Fehér Dóra , Vitai Viktória , Joós-Kovács Gellért Levente , Hermann Péter , Borbély Judit , Vecsei Bálint 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The evolution of intraoral scanners (IOSs) is rapid, and new IOSs appear on the market with different properties depending on the manufacturers. There is no uniform rating system based on a defined set of aspects that has reported in the literature that can be used to compare these devices. This validation study aimed to compare different IOSs based on objective and comprehensive parameters.

Methods
In this study, 12 different IOSs were examined. The IOSs that were tested in this study in order of their delivery included the 3Shape Trios 3 Pod®, Planmeca Emerald®, Straumann DWIO®, GC Aadva®, iTero Element 2®, CEREC Primescan®, Medit i500®, 3Shape Trios 4 Move®, Carestream CS3600®, 3Shape Trios 4 Pod®, Carestream CS3700®, and Planmeca Emerald S®. IOSs were evaluated in four different ways: (a)summary chart, (b)comparative assessment, (c)data based on in vitro measurements and (d)accuracy measurements. A scoring system was created to enable an objective rating of IOSs.

Results
The differences among IOSs were demonstrated in point scores (summary chart[max. 10 points] + weight of IOSs[max. 2.5 points] + circumference of IOSs[max. 2.5 points] + in vitro scanning time[max. 2.5 points] + pauses in data capture[max. 2.5 points] + accuracy[max. 10 points] = summary[max. 30 points]). Trios 4 Pod achieved the greatest cumulative score (23.37 points), furthermore it earned the highest points for summary chart and scanning speed. Regarding scanning continuity, the best-performing IOSs, which tied at identical point scores, were the Trios 3 and 4 Pod, Trios 4 Move, iTero Element 2, CS3600 and CS3700. The most accurate IOS was the CEREC Primescan, although it earned the lowest points of the comparative assessment (heaviest IOS). GC Aadva scored 5.73 points of a maximum of 30 points, which was the poorest result in this study.

Conclusion
The scoring system reflects the differences among IOS devices based on the evaluated objective parameters and can be used to help clinicians select the right IOS device. The new generations of IOSs have more special properties, and their accuracy is higher than the previous versions.
Trial registration The permission for this study was granted by University Ethics Committee of Semmelweis University (SE RKEB number:108/2019).
Analyzing the effect of interview time and day on emergency medicine residency interview scores
Authors: O’Connell Alanna , Greco Sean , Zhan Tingting , Brader Tracy , Crossman Megan , Naples Robin , Sielicki Anthony , Gallagher Megan Stobart , Tomaselli Peter , Papanagnou Dimitrios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
When it comes to scheduling interviews, medical students may wonder if they need a strategy to increase their likelihood of matching. Previous studies examined the temporal effects of the residency interview on overall match rate; however, there are additional factors that affect the match process, including board examination scores and letters of recommendation. Only few studies have examined the effect interview time of day has on match success. The current study examines the impact date and time of interview during the interview season have on candidates’ respective interview scores.

Methods
Interview data over a three-year period (i.e., three interview cycles) was examined at a PGY-1-3, ACGME-accredited EM residency program in Philadelphia. Date of interview and time of day of interview (i.e., morning versus afternoon) was examined. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine if there is a statistically-significant difference in overall interview scores based on date during the interview season and time of day.

Results
There is no statistically-significant effect of time of day or date on residency interview scores.

Conclusions
Our findings are congruent with other studies on the temporal effects of residency interviews on overall match rate. Findings should provide reassurance to students scheduling interviews, as time slots have not been found to have a significant relationship with overall interview score. Future studies should more holistically analyze the residency application process.
Exploring health service preparation for the COVID-19 crisis utilizing simulation-based activities in a Norwegian hospital: a qualitative case study
Authors: Stømer Une Elisabeth , Dieckmann Peter , Laudal Thomas , Skeie Kristi Bjørnes , Qvindesland Sigrun Anna , Ersdal Hege Langli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused stress in healthcare organizations worldwide. Hospitals and healthcare institutions had to reorganize their services to meet the demands of the crisis. In this case study, we focus on the role of simulation as part of the pandemic preparations in a large hospital in Norway. The aim of this study is to explore hospital leaders' and simulation facilitators' expectations of, and experiences of utilizing simulation-based activities in the preparations for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This is a qualitative case study utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with hospital leaders and simulation facilitators in one large hospital in Norway. The data were sorted under three predefined research topics and further analyzed by inductive, thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke within these pre-defined topics.

Results
Eleven members of the hospital leadership and simulation facilitators were included in the study. We identified four themes explaining why COVID-19 related simulation-based activities were initiated, and perceived consequences of the activities; 1) a multifaceted method like simulation fitted a multifaceted crisis, 2) a well-established culture for simulation in the hospital was crucial for scaling up simulation-based activities during the crisis, 3) potential risks were outweighed by the advantages of utilizing simulation-based activities, and finally 4) hospital leaders and simulation facilitators retrospectively assessed the use of simulation-based activities as appropriate to prepare for a pandemic crisis.

Conclusions
The hospital leadership’s decision to utilize simulation-based activities in preparing for the COVID-19 crisis may be explained by many factors. First, it seems that many years of experience with systematic use of simulation-based activities within the hospital can explain the trust in simulation as a valuable tool that were easy to reach. Second, both hospital leaders and simulation facilitators saw simulation as a unique tool for the optimization of the COVID-19 response due to the wide applicability of the method. According to hospital leaders and simulation facilitators, simulation-based activities revealed critical gaps in training and competence levels, treatment protocols, patient logistics, and environmental shortcomings that were acted upon, suggesting that institutional learning took place.
Fuzzy identification of bioactive components for different efficacies of rhubarb by the back propagation neural network association analysis of UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE and integrated effects
Authors: Chen Jia-Qian , Chen Yan-Yan , Du Xia , Tao Hui-Juan , Pu Zong-Jin , Shi Xu-Qin , Yue Shi-Jun , Zhou Gui-Sheng , Shang Er-Xin , Tang Yu-Ping , Duan Jin-Ao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (rhubarb), as one of the typical representatives of multi-effect traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases due to its multicomponent nature. However, there are few systematic investigations for the corresponding effect of individual components in rhubarb. Hence, we aimed to develop a novel strategy to fuzzily identify bioactive components for different efficacies of rhubarb by the back propagation (BP) neural network association analysis of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for every data (UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE) and integrated effects.

Methods
Through applying the fuzzy chemical identification, most components of rhubarb were classified into different chemical groups. Meanwhile the integration effect values of different efficacies can be determined by animal experiment evaluation and multi-attribute comprehensive indexes. Then the BP neural network was employed for association analysis of components and different efficacies by correlating the component contents determined from UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE profiling and the integration effect values. Finally, the effect contribution of one type of components may be totaled to demonstrate the universal and individual characters for different efficacies of rhubarb.

Results
It suggested that combined anthraquinones, flavanols and their polymers may be the universal character to the multi-functional properties of rhubarb. Other components contributed to the individuality of rhubarb efficacies, including stilbene glycosides, anthranones and their dimers, free anthraquinones, chromones, gallic acid and gallotannins, butyrylbenzenes and their glycosides.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated that the bioactive components for different efficacies of rhubarb were not exactly the same and can be systematically differentiated by the network-oriented strategy. These efforts will advance our knowledge and understanding of the bioactive components in rhubarb and provide scientific evidence to support the expansion of its use in clinical applications and the further development of some products based on this medicinal herb.
Mobile Subthreshold Exercise Program (MSTEP) for concussion: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chrisman Sara P. D. , Bollinger Beth J. , Mendoza Jason A. , Palermo Tonya M. , Zhou Chuan , Brooks M. Alison , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Subthreshold exercise, defined as aerobic exercise below the level that causes symptoms, has been utilized as a treatment for youth with persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS), but there is currently little evidence to guide use. In addition, prior studies of exercise for PPCS have all required multiple in-person visits. We developed a virtual approach for delivering subthreshold exercise to youth with PPCS called the Mobile Subthreshold Exercise Program (MSTEP), and we have now been funded to conduct a large national randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test its efficacy for reducing concussive symptoms and improving health-related quality of life.

Methods
This investigation is an RCT comparing MSTEP to an active control. We will recruit 200 adolescents 11–18 years old with postconcussive symptoms persisting for at least 1 week but less than 1 year. Youth will be randomized to receive either 6 weeks of subthreshold exercise (MSTEP) or a stretching condition (control). Youth and parents will complete surveys of concussive symptoms at baseline, weekly during the intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. The primary outcomes will be trajectory of concussive symptoms and health-related quality of life over the 6 months of the study. Secondary outcomes will include depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. We will also assess potential mediators of treatment effects including moderate-vigorous physical activity and fear avoidance of concussive symptoms.

Discussion
This multisite RCT of MSTEP will provide vital information regarding the efficacy of a virtually delivered subthreshold exercise program for youth with PPCS, and insight regarding potential mediators of treatment effects, including objectively measured physical activity and fear avoidance of concussive symptoms.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04688255. Registered on December 29, 2020.
A new reverse Hardy–Hilbert inequality with the power function as intermediate variables
Authors: Huang Xingshou , Yang Bicheng , Luo Ricai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, by virtue of the symmetry principle, applying the techniques of real analysis and Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, we construct proper weight coefficients and use them to establish a reverse Hardy–Hilbert inequality with the power function as intermediate variables. Then, we obtain the equivalent forms and some equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor related to several parameters. Finally, we illustrate how the obtained results can generate some particular reverse Hardy–Hilbert inequalities.
Drotaverine Hydrochloride Superporous Hydrogel Hybrid System: a Gastroretentive Approach for Sustained Drug Delivery and Enhanced Viscoelasticity
Authors: Farag Michael M. , Louis Mina M. , Badawy Alia A. , Nessem Demiana I. , Elmalak Nevine S. Abd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to prepare drotaverine hydrochloride superporous hydrogel hybrid systems (DSHH systems) to prolong its residence time in the stomach, provide extended release and reduce its frequency of administration. Drotaverine hydrochloride (DRH) is a spasmolytic drug that suffers from brief residence due to intestinal hypermotility during diarrheal episodes associated with gastrointestinal colics resulting in low bioavailability and repeated dosing. Eight DSHH systems were prepared using gas blowing technique. The prepared DSHH systems were evaluated regarding their morphology, incorporation efficiency, density, porosity, swelling ratio, viscoelastic property, erosion percentage and release kinetics. The FH8 formula containing equal proportion of chitosan (3%) /polyvinyl alcohol (3%) as strengthener and crosslinked with tripolyphosphate showed the highest incorporation efficiency (91.83 ± 1.33%), good swelling ratio (28.32 ± 3.15% after 24 h), optimum viscoelastic properties (60.19 ± 3.82 kPa) and sustained release profile (88.03 ± 2.15% after 24 h). A bioequivalence study was done to compare the bioavailability of the candidate formula versus Spasmocure®. Statistical analysis showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in bioavailability 2.7 folds with doubled Tmax (4 h) compared to the marketed product (2 h). These results declared that the superporous hydrogel hybrid systems could be a potential gastroretentive approach for the sustained delivery of drugs with short residence time with enhanced viscoelasticity.
Graphical abstract
Pre- and Post-operative Circulating Tumoral DNA in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ciampi Raffaele , Romei Cristina , Ramone Teresa , Matrone Antonio , Prete Alessandro , Gambale Carla , Materazzi Gabriele , De Napoli Luigi , Torregrossa Liborio , Basolo Fulvio , Castagna Maria Grazia , Brilli Lucia , Ferretti Elisabetta , Elisei Rossella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Measurement of driver mutations in circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) obtained by liquid biopsy has been shown to be a sensitive biomarker in several human tumors.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of pre- and post-operative ctDNA in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (sMTC).

Methods
We studied pre- and post-operative ctDNA in 26 and 23 sMTC patients, respectively. ctDNA results were correlated to serum calcitonin (Ct), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and other clinical/pathological features.

Results
Twenty-six of 29 (89.7%) sMTCs were mutated either for RET or RAS and 3/29 (10.3%) were negative. Four of 26 (15.4%) cases showed positive pre-operative ctDNA with a significantly higher presence of RET M918T mutation (P = 0.0468). Patients with positive pre-operative ctDNA showed a higher variation allele frequency value of the somatic driver mutation (P = 0.0434) and a higher frequency of persistent disease (P = 0.0221). Post-operative ctDNA was positive only in 3/23 (13%) sMTCs and no one was positive for pre-operative ctDNA. Higher values of both Ct (P = 0.0307) and CEA (P = 0.0013) were found in positive ctDNA cases. Finally, the 7 cases harboring either pre- or post-operative positive ctDNA had a persistent disease (P = 0.0005) showing a higher post-operative serum Ct when compared with cases with negative ctDNA (P = 0.0092).

Conclusions
Pre-operative ctDNA in medullary thyroid cancer is not useful for diagnostic purposes, but it can be useful for predicting the outcome of the disease. In our series, post-operative ctDNA showed a potential for monitoring the response to therapies, but further studies are required to confirm our results.
Vinnaga salvkaevu taastamine / Reconstructing a draw well
Authors: Oberschneider Laur 
Published: April 2022

The article gives an overview of Estonian dug wells and offers some suggestions that should be taken into account when one wishes to reconstruct a draw well. This is important when we want to protect our built heritage in its entirety.
Draw wells have been an integral part of our rural landscapes. They have played a central role in the development of settlement patterns of both farms and villages, given that the availability of pure drinking water is a prerequisite of settling anywhere. The existence of dense group villages on the harsh grounds of our islands and in northern and western Estonia has been associated with the practice of settling around a single central village well.
Reconstructing old dug wells has not previously been addressed from the heritage technological perspective in Estonian written sources. Today several standards and technologies are applied to drinking water systems, but these do not take into account sufficiently the original construction and nature of the draw wells.
The present article is based on my personal experience in reconstructing an old draw well in western Estonia which has granite lining, a crossbeam curb, and a drawbeam system for taking water from the well. I provide a step-by-step overview of the work process, and I also offer instructions in case someone else wants to embark upon a similar endeavour.
Keywords: dug wells, water supply, reconstruction, log construction, drawbeam system
Influence of consumption of high oleic sunflower oil on the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the liver of rats
Authors: Levitsky A. , Egorov B. , Lapinskaya A. , Selivanskaya I. , Velichko V. 
Published: April 2022

Background. To determine the effect of consumption of high-oleic sunflower oil on the content and biosynthesis of energy and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in rat liver lipids.
Methods. Rats received a semi-synthetic fat-free diet in which 5 % or 15 % starch was replaced with high oleic sunflower oil. One group of rats received a diet with 5 % regular (high linoleic) sunflower oil. The duration of feeding was 30 days. Liver lipids were divided into three fractions: neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids, in which the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The "activity" of fatty acid synthase, palmitic acid elongase, and stearyl-CoA desaturase (SCD18) was determined by the ratio of fatty acid content.
Results. It was found that the largest amount (60-80 %) of fatty acids in liver lipids are energy (C16:0 + C16:1 + C18:0 + C18:1). PUFA account for 10-30% of all fatty acids, and they are also found in the liver lipids of rats fed a free-fat diet (FFD). Fatty diets reduce the "activity" of synthase, but increase the "activity" of elongase and desaturase. A diet with high linoleic sunflower oil reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA in lipids, while a diet with high oleic sunflower oil increases it dose-dependently. Fatty diets containing high oleic sunflower oil dose-dependently reduce the "activity" of palmitic acid desaturase (SCD16). Consumption of high linoleic sunflower oil sharply increases the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFA in liver lipids, while diets with high oleic oil reduce it dose-dependently.
High circular polarization recognition quantum well infrared photodetector based on a chiral metamaterial microcavity
Authors: Liu Chang , Zuo Xuan , Xu Shaohui , Wang Lianwei , Xiong Dayuan 
Published: April 2022

Circular polarization detection has important applications in the field of infrared detection. In this paper, a chiral metamaterial microcavity is designed to enhance the recognition of circularly polarized light (CPL) by a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). By sandwiching the quantum well material and GaAs electrodes between a metallic chiral metamaterial and a gold substrate to form a microcavity structure, CPL discrimination can be achieved, and inter-subband absorption in the quantum well active region can also be improved. The electric field distribution is calculated and analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain method. Under the incidence of left circularly polarized light, the metallic chiral metamaterial on the surface excites the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) effect, which enhances the electric field (

E
Z

) perpendicular to the growth direction of the quantum well, and the coupling efficiency can reach 950% at 14.9 µm wavelength. The SPP resonance wavelength matches the inherent response wavelength of the quantum well, so the inter-subband absorption of the quantum well is increased to about 0.9. At right circularly polarized light incidence, the coupling efficiency is only 105%, and the inter-subband absorption is only about 0.1 because the SPP effect is not effectively excited. Since chiral metamaterials can enhance the circular dichroism of quantum wells, when our designed structure is combined with QWIP, the circular polarization extinction ratio of QWIP can be increased to nine, which is much higher than 2.5 for a typical circular polarization detector. In addition, the inter-subband absorption will also be greatly improved under the incidence of CPL in a specific rotation direction. By optimizing the structural parameters, the resonance wavelength can be matched with the QWIP of different detection bands, which provides a new idea for the improvement of the performance of a quantum well infrared circular polarization photodetector in the long wave range.
Ptychographic intensity interferometry imaging under low dynamic ranges
Authors: Qiu Bingni , Yuan Yuan , Chen Hui , Chen Yibing , Sun Xuyang , Xu Wanting , He Yuchen , Zheng Huaibin , Xu Zhuo 
Published: April 2022

Typically, high gray-scale imaging requires a high dynamic range camera. High dynamic range is even more crucial to conventional lensless imaging methods such as coherent diffraction imaging, since the dynamic range highly determines the resolution of recovered images. We here propose that ptychographic intensity interferometry imaging (PIII) can detect a complicated-structure object under 1-bit dynamic range (each pixel outputs zero or one only), and reconstruct a high resolution gray-scale image. PIII ptychographically illuminates an object with random speckle light, generating a speckle-like intensity pattern on a detection plane. The second-order correlation of the speckle pattens reveals the power spectrum of the object. Although the depth information of the speckle patterns will be lost because of low dynamic range detections, a small number of multiple detections with different illuminating fields can effectively recover a high dynamic range power spectrum, resulting in a high resolution gray-scale image. A theoretical analysis and comprehensive simulations for the “cameraman” photo are given in this work, which shows that the image under 1-bit dynamic range deteriorates no more than 0.4 dB (peak-signal-to-noise ratio) in comparison to the 16-bit dynamic range one. This method reduces the cost and complexity of implementing a lensless imaging.