bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of modern irrigation technologies in the presence of water theft and corruption: evidence from public irrigated areas in Medjez-el-Bab
Authors: Mattoussi Wided , Mattoussi Foued 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water theft carried out by manipulating water meters constrains the implementation of water-saving technologies, which themselves affect the incentives for theft. Using a theoretical model of centralized management, we show that theft is more likely when water prices and monitoring costs are high and punishment levels are weak. Adoption of water-saving technologies is more likely when monitoring costs are low and water prices are high, though only within the range of low to medium prices. The basic analysis is extended to allow for collusion between cheating farmers and the monitor. In the model, we show that collusion is more likely when punishments are weak. We test the model predictions, using data from Tunisia for the years 2012–18, relying on instruments that proxy for unobservable monitoring costs. We use the inverse probability weighting (IPW) method to correct for the potential bias arising from non-random sample selection. Although the econometric evidence supports the majority of the theoretical findings, various economic, socioeconomic, physical, and geographical factors can counteract or supplement these effects.
Power relations in the co-creation of water policy in Bolivia: beyond the tyranny of participation
Authors: Helga Gruberg , Joost Dessein , Jean Paul Benavides , Marijke D'Haese 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Integrated water management is complex and requires the participation of diverse actors to identify and implement transformative solutions. However, power relations can obstruct the more inclusive and equitable experiences of participatory approaches, hence limiting the empowerment of vulnerable groups. It is thus important to study how power relations are influenced by people's interests, socio-political structures, and knowledge in the process of (co)creation of water policies. We use a case study in a rural municipality of Bolivia to address this issue. Qualitative data were collected between 2017 and 2020 and analysed using the elements of the Power Cube of Gaventa as the analytical framework. Results confirm that different factors influence power relations in the making of a water policy such as interests, access to information, habits, and customs. Actors use different forms, spaces, and levels of power to achieve their interests. Our results show the importance and need to analyse power relations prior, during and after the (co)creation of any public policy and to step away from linear and sectoral frameworks of policy development.
Experimental investigation of the abnormal rise of water-wings downstream of a step-type aerator
Authors: Han Hu , Guobing Huang , Zhixin Wang , Lu Huang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the prototype observation of a huge water conservancy project, flood discharge in the deep outlets showed strong fluctuations in the downstream of step-type aerators. Intermittent eruption and rise of the water-wing was observed, and the water-wing occasionally impacted on the structures above the chute. In order to investigate the mechanism of water-wing rise, model tests of the deep outlet have been conducted. High-speed camera, pressure sensors, and hot-wire anemometer are adopted to obtain the characteristics of cavity and water-wing. Several key parameters are measured, including air pressure in the cavity and air entrainment volume. It is found that variations of net cavity length, filling water length, and the height of water-wing rise increase with the angle ratio R, and a substantial jump occurs for all related parameters when R approaches 1.4. The rate of water-wing rise W is less than 10% for R &lt; 1.4, while it suddenly increases to over 25% for R &gt; 1.4. Correlations among inflow condition, jet impact angle, cavity deformation, pressure fluctuation in the cavity, and the rise of water-wing are studied, thus the underlying mechanism of abnormal rise of water-wing is proposed.
Giardia lambliainfection risk modeling in Mexico city's flood water
Authors: Vázquez-Salvador Nallely , Silva-Magaña Miguel Alt , Tapia-Palacios Marco A. , Mazari-Hiriart Marisa , Mora-López Manuel , Miquelajauregui Yosune 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrban floods can be contaminated with fecal material and pathogens. Evidence on infection risks associated with exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floods is lacking. We address this gap by assessing the risk of infection from exposure to Giardia lamblia in urban flood water samples in Mexico City using a QMRA. Historical flood data was used to build severity indices and to test for correlations with risk of infection estimates. Results indicate similar maximal pathogen densities in urban flood water samples to those from wastewater treatment plants. Significant positive correlations between risk of G. lamblia infection and severity indices suggest that floods could act as an important source of pathogen transmission in Mexico City. Risk of infection to G. lamblia is greater in the city's periphery, which is characterized by high marginalization levels. We argue that these risks should be managed by engaging citizens and water and health authorities in decision making.
A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Evidence-based Neuroprotective
Potential of Bacopa monnieri against Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Gopika Sainu , Kumar Abhishek , Garabadu Debapriya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Parkinson's disease is a chronic and gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder trig-gered due to the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta characterized by the motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability. Proteinopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction induced dopaminergic neuronal deterioration, and gene mutations are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The bioactive components of Brahmi, such as Bacoside A, Bacoside B, and Bacosaponins, belong to various chemical families. Brahmi's neuropro-tective role includes reducing neuronal oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, mito-chondrial dysfunction, inflammation, inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation, and improvement of cog-nitive and learning behaviour. Researchers found that Bacopa monnieri significantly increased brain levels of glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Brahmi has a potent antioxidant property and neuroprotective effects against PD that help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and enhance dopamine levels. The review collates all the preclinical studies that prove the beneficial neuroprotective effect of Brahmi for treating PD.
Free ISG15 and Protein ISGylation Emerging in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Tecalco Cruz Angeles C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Interferon-simulated gene 15 (ISG15) belongs to the family of ubiquitin-like proteins. ISG15 acts as a cytokine and modifies proteins through ISGylation. This posttranslational modifica-tion has been associated with antiviral and immune response pathways. In addition, it is known that the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes proteases critical for viral replication. Consequently, these proteases are also central in the progression of coro-navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interestingly, the protease SARS-CoV-2-PLpro removes ISG15 from ISGylated proteins such as IRF3 and MDA5, affecting immune and antiviral defense from the host. Here, the implications of ISG15, ISGylation, and generation of SARS-CoV-2-PLpro inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed.
LINC00936/microRNA-221-3p Regulates Tumor Progression in Ovarian
Cancer by Interacting with LAMA3
Authors: Shu Chenggan , Wang Weiwei , Wu Lipei , Qi Chunrun , Yan Wenhui , Lu Wenying , Tian Jiale , Shang Anquan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in women. It is known that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) controls various biological processes and pathogene-sis of many diseases, including cancers. This study aimed to determine whether LINC00936 and microRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p) influence the laminin alpha 3 chain gene (LAMA3) in the devel-opment of ovarian cancer.

Methods:
The expressions of LINC00936, miR-221-3p, and LAMA3 in ovarian cancer and adja-cent tissues were assessed. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cells were transfected with vectors with overexpressed LINC00936, miR-221-3p mimic, miR-221-3p inhibitor, and si-LAMA3 to elucidate their functions in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor-igenesis. The binding relationship between LINC00936 and miR-221-3p and the relationship be-tween miR-221-3p and LAMA3 were verified to explore the mechanism of action of LINC00936 in ovarian cancer. LINC00936 binds to miR-221-3p as a ceRNA and regulates the expression of LAMA3.

Results:
LINC00936 and LAMA3 were poorly expressed, while miR-221-3p was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. Over-expression of LINC00936 contributed to decreasing miR-221-3p expression and increasing LAMA3 expression. LINC00936 overexpression or miR-221-3p silenc-ing downregulated the levels of PCNA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF and decreased cell prolifera-tion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and ovarian cancer tumorigenesis.

Conclusion:
Collectively, overexpression of LINC00936 suppressed the development of ovarian cancer by competitively binding to miR-221-3p and controlling LAMA3 expression. These results could serve as a novel theoretical base for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
A Time-series Prediction Algorithm Based on a Hybrid Model
Authors: Cao Danyang , Ma Jinfeng , Sun Ling , Ma Nan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In reality, time series is composed of several basic components, which
have linear, nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics at the same time. Directly using a single
model will show some limitations and the prediction accuracy is difficult to improve.

Method:
We propose a mixed forecasting model based on time series decomposition, namely
STL-EEMD-LSTM model. First, we use STL filtering algorithm to decompose the time series to
obtain the trend component, seasonal component and the remainder component of the time
series; then we use EEMD to decompose the seasonal component and the remainder component
to obtain multiple sub-sequences. After this, we reconstruct the new seasonal component and the
remainder component according to the fluctuation frequency of the sub-sequence. Finally, we
use LSTM to build a prediction model for each component obtained by decomposition.

Results:
We applied the proposed model to simulation data and the time series of satellite
calibration parameters and found that the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper has
high prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:
Therefore, we believe that our proposed model is more suitable for the prediction of
time series with complex components.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SITAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN IN BULK AND COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: SRI K. BHAVYA , SHAILAJA G. SRI VANI , VALLAKEERTHI NARMADA , KUMAR V. KIRAN , SUMAKANTH M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To develop simple, accurate, precise UV Spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet dosage form.
Methodols: The method is based on the determination of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet using simultaneous equation method. Sitagliptin exhibits maximum absorbance at 267 and Metformin exhibits maximum absorbance at 237 nm using distilled water as diluents.
Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10-300 µg/ml for Sitagliptin and 4-14µg/ml for Metformin. The %RSD were within the limit i.e., less than 2%. The % recovery of the proposed method was found to be 97.12-99.46% for Sitagliptin and 98.15-99.85% for Metformin. The LOD of the proposed method was 0.397μg/ml for Sitagliptin and 0.8952µg/ml for Metformin. The LOQ was 1.2951μg/ml for Sitagliptin and 2.7159μg/ml for Metformin.
Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise UV Spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet dosage form.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ATORVASTATIN AND ATENOLOL IN RABBIT PLASMA BY RP-HPLC METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
Authors: SHAH SURAJ KUMAR , DEY SANJAY , DE SOURAV 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study is to establish a simple, sensitive, and specific RP-HPLC technique to determine atorvastatin calcium (ATV) and atenolol (ATL) in rabbit plasma.
Methods: Both the drugs like atorvastatin calcium and atenolol have been extracted by simple liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile.
Results: The chromatographic separation has performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 4.0): acetonitrile: methanol (40:40:20, v/v). The techniques have been validated over the concentration range of 22.08-4778.37 ng ml-1 for ATV and 18.35-3969.20 ng ml-1 for ATL in rabbit plasma. The acceptability range was satisfied for all validation criteria. These methods have been profitably applied to the pharmacokinetic study of a bilayer tablet of ATV and ATL after an oral administration to a rabbit. A significant recovery of the drug from plasma resulted from acetonitrile as extracting solvent compared to other organic solvents.
Conclusion: The results obtained proved that the RP-HPLC method developed was accurate and reproducible, and the drug was stable in rabbit plasma.
A research on rigid polyurethane foam resistibility to ignition from an electric arc welding spark
Authors: Poletaev N. L. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. A fire investigation assumes that electric arc welding sparks (hereinafter referred to as “sparks”) are effective sources of ignition. However, the spark ignition of a combustible material depends on the contact time. This work has experimentally proven that a smooth vertical wall, made of combustible rigid polyurethane foam (PUF), is not subjected to spark ignition. To explain this fact, the author calculated the time of contact between the spark and the wall τint, and compared it with the minimal estimated contact time τmin required to ignite the wall.The sample and the testing procedure. Sparks (the arc power up to 6 kW, the current up to 160 A) reached the PUF wall located at a distance of 0.1–0.15 m from the arc. An everyone experiment was continued until the electrode was burned down.Research results and discussion. Neither attempt to inflame the PUF sample by a spark was successful. Sparks bounced off the PUF sample and fell down. The characteristic dimensions of cooled iron droplets ranged from 0.2 to 3 mm.An evaluation of τint. The authors applied a model of elastic interaction between a drop of molten iron and a rigid wall, assuming that the sum of the potential energy of the drop, associated with its surface, and the kine­tic energy of a spreading drop, if flattened, is conserved. The longest contact time is achieved for drops, featuring the maximum diameter of 3 mm: τint ≈ 0.004 s.Estimation τmin. The authors applied the experimental modeling of the process, whereby the effect of an iron drop on PUF was replaced by the time-controlled effect, produced by a wooden cylinder (6 mm in diameter), inflamed at one edge. τmin ≈ 0.3 s. The ratio τint << τmin explains the inability of electric arc welding sparks to ignite the PUF wall.Conclusions. Electric arc welding sparks, having a diameter of up to 3 mm, cannot ignite a vertical wall, made of rigid combustible polyurethane foam, in case of a side impact. The lack of ignition is explained by the short-term contact between the spark and the surface of the polyurethane foam.
The thermal analysis of fire test results obtained for loaded cast iron tubing used to line subway tunnels, their rational fire protection and pre-set fire resistance
Authors: Garashchenko A. N. , Danilov A. I. , Antonov S. P. , Marchenkova S. V. , Pavlov V. V. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The article addresses the fireproofing limit of the cast-iron tubing that lines subway tunnels. These structures have been fire tested neither in our country, nor abroad, and therefore, no fire test results have been analyzed, although this analysis is necessary to guarantee structural performance.Purpose and objective. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of two fire experiments, including the testing of the cast iron tubing without fire proofing, and the testing of the tubing protected by a fireproof plate. The objective of the study is to choose and use a rational thermal analysis methodology.Methods. A standardized methodology was applied to test the fire resistance of loaded full-scale tubing specimens in a fire furnace, where thermocouple measurements of tested specimens were taken. The thermal analysis of these measurement results was conducted, using the methods and software for the numerical calculation of non-stationary temperature fields inside fireproof structures in one- and two-dimensional settings.Results. It has been established that the fire resistance limit of the 5.6-25-NU cast-iron tubing tested under constant static loading (150 kN) without any fire protection is 54 minutes, which corresponds to classification R 45, while the fire resistance limit of the same tubing, fireproofed by PROSASK fire panel plates, that are 25 mm thick, is, at least, 121 min (R 120). Calculations allow to prognosticate a change in the fire resistance, if account is taken of the difference between the test environment and the one of the tubing when in operation. The authors present the results of calculations for various fire protection options and show that the fire protection and fire resistance limits of the cast-iron tubing are high, if PROSASK fire plates are used. The authors also demonstrate the projectability of the fire resistance values, if the modes of exposure differ from the standard temperature mode.Conclusions. The thermal analysis of the results of two fire experiments, conducted to evaluate the fire resistance of the cast-iron tubing as the tunnel lining allows to obtain the information that is essential for the fire protection and pre-set fire resistance of critical subway structures as well as the further development of this area of experimental and theoretical research. The authors demonstrate the efficiency of thermal calculations as an instrument for the evaluation of fire protection parameters/fire resistance of tubing and the reduction in the number of costly fire tests.
The calculation of loads on buildings and structures caused by outdoor explosions of the fuel-air mixture
Authors: Liplenko M. A. , Borodenko A. N. , Mosolov G. V. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. An important engineering task, to be solved in the process of designing buildings and structures for hazardous industrial facilities, is to determine values of loads caused by outdoor explosions of the fuel-air mixture. Nowadays software packages, that use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, are widely applied in the design practice to assess various effects on building structures. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a load calculation method, that employs numerical simulation, and verify it in comparison with the experimental data.Goals and objectives. The purpose of this work is to use the method of computational fluid dynamics to analyze external sympathetic detonation loads on various types of buildings and structures.The body of the article. The article addresses the “compressed balloon” method used to analyze loads, caused by outdoor explosions of gas. Dependencies, proposed in the article, are needed to set the input data and make numerical calculations using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The numerical modeling of various experiments in the ANSYS Fluent software package was conducted. The authors compared the results of numerical modeling and standard engineering methods with various experiments to assess the accuracy of the “compressed balloon” method used to analyze an outdoor detonation explosion.Conclusions. The authors have proven the qualitative and quantitative convergence of the numerical model of blast wave propagation and the experimental data. This calculation method allows to accurately apply the pressure profile to any surface of a building or structure in the course of an outdoor detonation explosion and estimate the bearing capacity of building structures. The proposed method can be used in the design of buildings or structures that feature various configurations.
Improved Time in Range During 28 Days of Meal Delivery for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Clark Callahan N. , Hart Brian B. , McNeil Chace K. , Duerr Jessyca M. , Weller Grant B. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of care for people with type 2 diabetes, yet starting new, healthy eating behaviors and sustaining them can be challenging. This decentralized, single-arm study assessed the impact of 28 days of home-delivered, pre-portioned meals (three meals per day) on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic control and quality of life.

Research design and methods
We enrolled 154 people with type 2 diabetes from across the United States. All participants were enrolled in a digital-first type 2 diabetes care center of excellence and had a time in range (TIR) &lt;70% or a glucose management index (GMI) &gt;7%. A total of 102 participants received another set of meals for a household member. Forty-four participants were excluded from CGM-based analysis because of sparse data in the baseline or intervention period.

Results
From the baseline through the intervention period, average TIR improved by 6.8% (95% CI 4.0–9.7, P &lt;0.001), average GMI improved by 0.21% (95% CI 0.11–0.32, P &lt;0.001), and participants’ odds of achieving ≥70% TIR increased (odds ratio 2.55 [95% CI 0.93–7.80, P = 0.051]). Although average TIR increased rapidly upon initiation of meal delivery, it regressed when the delivery period ended.

Conclusion
Home-delivered meals were associated with modest TIR and GMI improvements, but only in the short term. More research is needed to determine whether the effects of nutrition therapy can be extended by providing ongoing meal delivery or additional support such as behavioral intervention.
Bayesian Meta-Analysis to Validate Correlate of Protection for High Vaccine Efficacy Clinical Trials
Authors: Enweonye Igwebuike , Umeh Edith Uzoma 
Published: March 2022

In clinical trials, a correlate (surrogate) of protection (CoP) endpoint must be properly validated through rigorous sound methods before it may be approved for use. The validation of surrogate in the context of high vaccine efficacy trials, however, poses great challenge due to sparse data; and conventional methods for statistical validation of surrogate are no longer adequate. Although idea of surrogacy was developed in the context of a single trial, the meta-analytic approach, which allows both individual and trial level surrogacy, has become well accepted. However, the meta-analytic joint bivariate full models suffer computational issues. To ease the challenge, aggregate data may be used but it leads to loss of information. In this manuscript the direct application of individual level (instead of aggregate) data in a Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling framework was proposed. The proposed method uses reduced bivariate models with trial specific random effects of treatment on the endpoints and no correlated residuals. Simulated data consist several scenarios, each of which has 5000 participants data, 50 subgroups (used as trials) characterised by size of 100 participants per trial randomised in the ratio 1:1 to vaccinated and unvaccinated treatment groups. The meta-analysis showed improved quality of the CoP compared to literature based on aggregate data. There were no computational issues with the proposed hierarchical model.
2.11.0.0