bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Interviews Improve Equity, Diversity and Wellness: Results of a Survey of Applicants to Obstetrics and Gynecology Subspecialty Fellowships
Authors:   Ann Tran- 1,   Christine Heisler- 2,   Sylvia Botros-Brey- 3,   Hanzhang Wang- 3,   Bertille Gaigbe-Togbe- 1,   Ava Leegant- 4,   Anne Hardart- 1
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Nationwide restrictions and recommendations from the Association of American Medical Colleges mandated program directors to conduct all graduate medical education interviews virtually in the Spring of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of virtual interviews on a candidates’ ability to effectively create a rank list is unknown.Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) subspecialty fellowship applicants’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of virtual interviews for creating a rank list. Secondary outcomes included perceived advantages and disadvantages of the process and costs of the process. Methods: This was a cross-sectional IRB-exempt study, using an electronic survey administered to a convenience sample of applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowship programs. The survey was administered via RedCap between the rank list submission deadline and the Match. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Response rate was 158/330 (48%). Overall, 129/158 (82%) percent of respondents felt confident in making their rank list based on the virtual interviews, and 146/158 (92%) were “very satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied” with the process. Of those who expressed an interview style preference, 65/149(44%) of respondents preferred virtual interviews; 49/149(33%) had no preference or were not sure. Nearly all 146/148(99%) applicants cited cost-savings as a distinct advantage of virtual interviews.Conclusion: Applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowships felt comfortable to create a rank list based on the virtual interview. This study indicates that the virtual format is effective, less stressful and less costly for ObGyn subspecialty interviews and should be considered beyond the pandemic to remove barriers and burdens for applicants.
Prediction and Spatial Interpretation of Meteorological Factors with Neonatal Mortality Rate
Authors: MATHUR SANDEEP 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Around a million infants die in India each year. The NMR (Neonatal Mortality Rate) reduced from 18 for every 1000 live births that is 1.8 percent in 2011 to 12 for every 1000 that is 1.2 percent in 2016. Still, the problem with it is that this decline in rate has been low, and when compared to the infant and mortality rate, it is still lower. Among all the neonatal deaths, the rate of decay of in Early "Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR)" is much lower than that of recent NMR according to the Registrar General of India giving the Sample Registration Statistical Report (SRS). The anthropogenic exercises of current years have encouraged the increment of elements of gases and particulate matter in the environment bringing about changes in the atmosphere influencing human wellbeing, especially the sensitive neonatal of the nation. The present paper evaluates the spatial translation of meteorological factor temperature affecting the neonatal death rate of Delhi, including the level of neonatal mortality rate and early neonatal mortality rate utilizing Multinomial logistic regression model and Pearson's Correlation coefficient for discovering the association for the equivalent.
Psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN-SL) measure in post-treatment cancer survivors
Authors: Miroševič Špela , Zupančič Polona Selič – , Prins Judith , Homar Vesna , Ketiš Zalika Klemenc – 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
As the number of cancer survivors is growing, valid instruments for assessing cancer survivors' needs are required. Thus, the aim of this study was to translate and validate the Cancer Survivors Unmet Needs (CaSUN) scale.
Methods
Cancer survivors were recruited from 30 family medicine practices and separated into two samples (sample 1, n = 147; sample 2, n = 148). Factor structure was explored with an exploratory analysis in sample 1 and determined with a confirmatory analysis in sample 2. Psychometric properties were assessed with internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity.
Results
A translation and cultural adaptation of the CaSUN scale resulted in 34 items being included in the final version. The factor structure confirmed the five-factors solution of the CaSUN-SL. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 for the CaSUN-SL and ranged from 0.71–0.88 for specific domains. Test-retest reliability showed moderate-high stability over time. The CaSUN-SL significantly and positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.49), depression (r = 0.44), health-related quality of life (r = 0.36), and negatively with self-perceived health (r = -0.36) and resilience (r = -0.47), which confirms the construct validity. In addition, we found a significant correlation between unmet needs and age (r = -0.29), gender (r = 0.14), cancer stage (r = 0.20), cancer type (r = 0.19), and time since treatment (r = -0.20).
Conclusions
Results indicate that CaSUN-SL is a valid and reliable measure to assess the Slovenian cancer survivors’ unmet, met and total needs and can be used for further prospective studies.
Trial Registration:
no. 0120 − 25/2019/6
Development and Application of simple sequence repeat markers based on whole-genome sequencing in Codonopsis lanceolata
Authors: Zhang Dan , Tian Hongling , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Yuerong , Li Hui , Zhan Hai-xian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The content of medicinal components of Codonopsis pilosula differ greatly in various habitats. The development of specific molecular markers is of great significance for the identification of different varieties of C. pilosula . In this study, 1,379,041 primer pairs were designed based on the whole genome of C. lanceolata . Of these, 6 pairs of primers were able to amplify polymorphic bands. We performed genetic diversity analysis and constructed a cluster tree and DNA fingerprint of the three groups: mixed, wild and cultivated C. pilosula materials. The results were as follows: first, the mixed materials had an average observed number of alleles ( Na ) of 7.6667, an average effective number of alleles ( Ne ) of 4.6058, an average Shannon's information index ( I ) of 1.7128, an average expected homozygosty ( Exp Hom ) of 0.2118, an average expected heterozygosity ( Exp Het ) of 0.7882, an average expected heterozygosity of Nei’s ( Ht ) of 0.7798, and an average gene flow ( Nm ) of 0.1281. Second, the cultivated accessions were as follows: Na = 4.6667, Ne = 2.5956, I = 1.0702, Exp Hom = 0.4234, Exp Het = 0.5766, Ht = 0.5755, and Nm = 0.5253. Finally, the accessions of the wild materials were as follows: Na = 5.333, Ne = 2.8769, I = 1.2771, Exp Hom = 0.3556, Exp Het = 0.6444, Ht = 0.6433, and Nm = 0.5314. In addition, the results of cluster analysis showed that mixed, wild and cultivated materials were clustered into 4, 4 and 3 subgroups, respectively. Furthermore, we performed DNA fingerprinting of 47 mixed materials. These results are valuable for the identification and genetic analysis of C. pilosula from different sources in Shanxi Province.
Developing a geographic strategy for equal rapid response first aid
Authors: Narikawa Kenji , Kitano Shinnosuke , Fujimoto Kenji , Ogawa Satoo , Yokota Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: All people have rights to take first aids equally because they have risk for sudden cardiac arrest at any time. Japan employs mainly two inclusive strategies for rapid response first aid. The first is public services such as fire trucks and ambulance response. The second is increasing the number of first responders. However, many residents are geographically unaware whether public services in their areas provide quick responses during emergencies, such as cardiac arrest. For this reason, they lack knowledge the necessity of mutual aid, which enables nearby neighbors who have undergone proper training to respond and provide first aid. Thus, the study aims to identify geographically specific areas where mutual aid is essential for rapid response first aid.Methods: The study targeted 20 cities in Japan designated by government ordinance and to simulate response areas reachable by public service. The driving conditions with 3 min were simulated with the speed limits, which are obeyed by the Japanese Road Traffic Act. Also, the populations covered in the areas was calculated in each targeted city.Results: The simulated map appears to render easy recognition of weak areas that may benefit from rapid response and may necessitate mutual aid. The maximum, minimum, and median population coverage rates are 65%, 22%, and 38.5%, respectively.Conclusion: The study indicates that mutual aid for rapid response is essential to most of the targeted areas in the case of sudden cardiac arrest. Moreover, mutual aid can be implemented strategically by geographic visualization and numerical values for equal rapid response first aid.
The adjuvant effects of rapamycin, metformin and aspirin on the T-cell immunological memory induced by tuberculosis subunit vaccine
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhu Bingdong , Niu Hongxia , Bai Chunxiang , Li Fei , Ma Lan , He Juanjuan , Han Xue , Shi Xintong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The formation of long-lived T-cell immunological memory is a critical goal of vaccines against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). In this study, to verify the adjuvant effect of the metabolic regulator on T-cell memory induced by the tuberculosis subunit vaccine, we treated the mice with rapamycin, metformin and aspirin during the course of vaccination and then monitored the vaccine-specific long-term memory T cell responses and protective ability against mycobacterial organism. Compared with the mice that received the vaccine alone, rapamycin and metformin treatments enhanced the vaccine-specific long-term T-cell memory responses, and the potentiating effect of rapamycin is better than metformin. In particular, we found that a long duration of low-dose rapamycin treatment promoted the development of more TCM like cells and enhanced the vaccine’s long-term protective efficacy, which resulted in a better decline of 0.89-log10 CFU of mycobacterial organisms in lungs. These findings might have important implications for developing new vaccination strategies for the TB subunit vaccine.
The spanning method and the Lehmer totient problem
Authors: Agama Theophilus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
See manuscript PDF for complete AbstractIn this paper we introduce and develop the notion of spanning of integers along functions f : N → R. We apply this method to a class of problems requiring to determine if the equations of the form tf(n) = n-k has a solution n ∈ N for a fixed k ∈ N and some t ∈ N. In particular, we show thatwhere φ is the euler totient function.
Foods Glycemic Index (GI) Affects the Important Inflammatory Biomarkers with Considerations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moghadam Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani , Vaezi Amirmohammad , Zarei-Shargh Parisa , Jandari Sajedeh , Keify Fatemeh , Rashidipour Mina , Rezvani Reza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The glycemic index (GI) and inflammations both were introduced as essential factors affecting the diseases, but the relation between GI and inflammation is still unclear. In this systematic review, the authors hypothesized GI has effects on inflammatory biomarkers but can be highly disturbed by statical unrecognized confounders. Method: A comprehensive search was made in Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, UpToDate, and Google Scholar from 2010 to March 2021 using MESH and un-MESH keywords. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was used for the review of articles.Result: From seven hundred and ninety-one articles, a total of 13 studies including one master thesis enrolled in this review, six studies were conducted on people with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Six studies were on healthy or obese people without any illnesses and one study was on pregnant women. IL-6 was in 8 studies, TNF-a was in 5 studies, TNF was in 2 studies, CRP was in 6 studies, and hs-CRP was in 2 studies. Seven studies including all well-designed studies confirmed GI can affect inflammation while 5 rejected the association. Several unconsidered confounders and limitations had been found in previous studies. Conclusion: There is some strong evidence that supports a slight effect of GI on inflammatory biomarkers. However, bias risk in different studies according to diet patterns and the impact of various food components on GI remains. In this review, the authors provide some essential considerations for further studies.
An insect-inspired, spike-based, in-sensor, and night-time collision detector based on atomically thin and light-sensitive memtransistors
Authors: Jayachandran Darsith , Pannone Andrew , Das Mayukh , Sen Dipanjan , Schranghamer Thomas , Das Saptarshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Collision detection under poor illumination and nightly conditions pose significant challenge for manned and unmanned vehicles, flying drones, and robots navigating complex terrestrial and extraterrestrial geographies. Existing night vision cameras offer solution based on sophisticated enhancement algorithms or additional thermal sensors necessitating extensive and expensive hardware, which make them power-hungry and untenable for deployment in remote and resource constrained locations. In contrast, nocturnal flying insects can avoid collision using very limited neural resources. Insect-inspired collision detectors based on silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and field programmable gate arrays also exist, however, the physical separation between sensing and compute and absence of spike-based information processing capability increases their area and energy overhead. Here, we introduce an insect-inspired, spike-based, and in-sensor collision detector using a reconfigurable optoelectronic integrated circuit constructed based on atomically-thin and light-sensitive memtransistors. We imitate the escape response of lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron found in many insect species and demonstrate timely collision detection for various real-life scenarios at night involving cars on collision course. Our collision detector has a small effective footprint of 40 µm2 and consumes miniscule energy of few hundreds pico-Joules.
HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in Iran: Findings from three consecutive national bio-behavioural surveys
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Parhizgari Najmeh , Shokoohi Mostafa , Khezri Mehrdad , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Ghasemzadeh Iman , Bozicevic Ivana , Shahesmaeili Armita , Nasiri Naser , Danesh Ahmad , Karamouzian Mohammad , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Incarcerated people are at a disproportionate risk of contracting HIV. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in Iran. Methods: Data for this analysis were obtained from three consecutive nationwide bio-behavioural surveillance surveys of a random sample of incarcerated people in 2009 (n = 5,953), 2013 (n = 5,490) and 2017 (n = 5,785). History of testing for HIV in the previous 12 months was the primary outcome variable and was examined among those with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours (i.e., having multiple sex partnership, injection drug use practices, or history of having a tattoo). The outcome variable was divided into three categories: Never tested for HIV, ever tested for HIV inside the prison, and ever tested for HIV outside the prison. We used multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to examine factors associated with HIV testing. Results: Overall, 8,553 participants with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviors with valid responses to the HIV testing question, were included in the analysis. Although HIV testing inside prison has increased (23% [2009], 21.5% [2013], and 50.3% [2017]: P-value <0.001), the prevalence of HIV testing outside prison has decreased (7.7% [2009], 7.5% [2013], 4.1% [2017]: P-value <0.001) over time. Our multivariable multinomial regression model showed older age (Relative-risk ratio [RRR]: 1.24, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1.05, 1.47), history of previous incarceration (RRR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.71), currently receiving methadone maintenance therapy inside prison (RRR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.81, 2.43), having access to condoms inside prison (RRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68) and sufficient HIV knowledge (RRR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.05) were significantly associated with an increased probability of having an HIV test in the last 12 months inside prison. Conclusions: HIV testing among Iranian high-risk prisoners has increased from 2009 to 2017. However, HIV testing remains considerably low, and half of incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours had never tested for HIV inside prison. Evidence-based programs efforts are needed to optimize HIV testing both inside and outside prisons and identify those at greater risk of HIV.
Implementation of the “No ICU – Unless” approach in postoperative neurosurgical management in times of Covid-19
Authors: Qasem Lina-Elisabeth , Al-Hilou Ali , Zacharowski Kai , Funke Moritz , Strouhal Ulrich , Reitz Sarah C. , Jussen Daniel , Forster Marie Thérèse , Konczalla Juergen , Prinz Vincent Matthias , Lucia Kristin , Czabanka Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Following elective craniotomy patients routinely receive 24-hour monitoring in an intensive care unit. However, the benefit of intensive care monitoring and treatment in these patients is discussed controversially. This study aimed to evaluate the complication profile of a “No ICU – unless” strategy and to compare this strategy with the standardized management of post-craniotomy patients in the ICU.
METHODS
Two postoperative management strategies were compared in a matched-pair analysis: The first cohort included patients who were managed on the normal ward postoperatively (“No ICU – unless” group). The second cohort contained patients routinely admitted to the ICU (control group). Outcome parameters contained detailed complication profile, length of hospital and ICU stay, duration to first postoperative mobilization, number of unplanned CTs/MRIs before planned postoperative imaging, number and type of intensive care interventions as well as pre- and postoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patient characteristics and clinical course were analyzed using electronic medical records.
RESULTS
The NIU group consisted of 96 patients and the control group consisted of 75 patients. Complication rates were comparable in both cohorts (16% in the NIU group vs. 17% in the control group; p = 0.123). Groups did not differ significantly in any of the outcome parameters examined. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the NIU group but did not reach statistical significance (average 5.8 vs. 6.8 days; p = 0.481). There was no significant change in the distribution of preoperative (p = 0.960) and postoperative (p = 0.425) mRS scores in the NIU and control group.
CONCLUSION
Routine postoperative ICU management does not reduce postoperative complications and does not affect the surgical outcome of patients after elective craniotomies. Most postoperative complications are detected after a 24-hour observation period. This approach may represent a potential strategy to prevent overutilization of ICU capacities while maintaining sufficient postoperative care for neurosurgical patients.
TGF-β Signaling: a Potential Therapeutic Target of Single Herbs and Extracts for Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Gengzhen , Liang Hanxi , Ma Yuerong , Zhang Yaodan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a global public health problem in recent years. Chronic kidney disease progression, characterized by the development of renal fibrosis, leads to end-stage kidney disease. Transforming growth factor β has been shown to play a key role in the mechanism of renal fibrosis. Several studies have shown that individual Chinese herbal extracts can inhibit transforming growth factor β activation and reduce extracellular matrix formation, thereby imparting an anti-renal fibrosis effect through multiple pathways and multiple targets. In the present manuscript, the research trends of single traditional Chinese medicines and extracts in preventing and treating renal fibrosis are summarized, which may be insightful for generating new ideas for preventing and delaying renal fibrosis.
Has the Restructuring of Rural Credit Cooperatives into Rural Commercial Banks Reduced Their Efficiency in Serving Agriculture and Famers? - Evidence from Sichuan Province
Authors: Shishun Xiao , Yuansheng Jiang , Xiaoxiao Yang , Feng Du 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research studies whether Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs), the mainstay of agricultural financial service providers in Sichuan Province, a typical agricultural province in China, have improved their efficiency in supporting agriculture due to their restructuring into Rural Commercial Banks (RCBs). The research select 12 RCBs restructured in Sichuan province before 2017 as samples and 10 RCCs as the control group. Based on data from institutional surveys and their annual public report, the research uses the DEA's BCC model and the Malmquist-DEA index to analyse the static and dynamic efficiency of the sample RCBs and RCCs. The research aims to identify the banks' proportion of farm-related loans to total loans, the average loan amount for farm households and the average amount of loans to agriculture-related enterprises and organisations as agricultural commercial bank's outputs indicators to measure their efficiency in supporting the agribusiness and the farmer. The result shows that the static and dynamic agricultural support efficiency of most RCBs is generally higher than RCCs, and the fluctuation of the static agricultural support efficiency of county-level RCBs is smaller than that of city-level RCBs. Restructuring RCCs into RCBs improved the efficiency of agricultural support of the primary agricultural financial service providers in Sichuan province. The research does not find the mission drift of both RCCs and RCB in this typical agricultural province.