bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the color when black is burned? Quantifying (re)burn severity using field and satellite indices
Authors: Saberi Saba Juliet , Harvey Brian J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Trends of accelerating area burned in many regions worldwide are leading to increases in the amount of area experiencing short-interval reburns (i.e., fires occurring two or more times in the same place within 1–3 decades). Field and satellite indices of burn severity are well tested in forests experiencing a single recent fire, but the reliability of these indices in short-interval reburns is poorly understood. We tested how a commonly used field index (the Composite Burn Index, CBI) and satellite index (the Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio, RdNBR) compared to eight individual field measures of burn severity in reburns vs. areas burned in a single recent fire. We also tested if relationships in reburns depended on whether the first fire was stand replacing (fire that is lethal to most dominant trees).
Results
The correspondence between both CBI and RdNBR with individual burn severity measures differed in reburns compared to single fires for some metrics of burn severity. Divergence in the relationship between both CBI and RdNBR vs field measures was greatest when reburns occurred following a preceding stand-replacing fire, and measures were more comparable to single fires when the first fire was non-stand replacing (i.e., lower severity). When reburns occurred where a preceding fire was stand-replacing, CBI and RdNBR underestimated burn severity in the 2nd fire for tree-canopy metrics (e.g., canopy cover loss, tree mortality), as post-fire forests in early developmental stages are vulnerable to greater severity in a second fire. Conversely, when reburns followed a preceding fire that was not stand replacing, both CBI and RdNBR overestimated surface burn severity, as past low severity fires leave behind live fire resistant trees and can stimulate resprouting understory vegetation. Finally, neither CBI nor RdNBR were able to accurately detect the amount of deep wood charring that has emerged as an important product in reburns – particularly where both fires are stand-replacing.
Conclusion
Our findings inform interpretability of commonly used indices of burn severity in reburns, which is becoming an increasingly common application as fire activity increases.
Astaxanthin prevents tuberculosis-associated inflammatory injury by inhibiting the Caspase4/11-Gasdermin-pyroptosis pathway
Authors: Li Li , Abudureheman Zulipikaer , Zhong XueMei , Gao Liang , Gong Hui , He ChuanJiang , Yang BoYi , Ren Jie , Alimu Ayiguli , Yilamujiang Subinuer , Yang Fan , Zou XiaoGuang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a programmed cell death caused by inflammation. Multiple studies suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes tissue pyroptosis. However, there are currently no protective drugs against inflammatory damage caused by pyroptosis. In this study, the anti-pyroptotic effects of the natural compound Astaxanthin (ASTA) in a simulated pulmonary tuberculosis-associated inflammatory environment were explored. Methods In the established LPS-induced apoptosis co-culture system of MEL-12 cells and RAW246.7 macrophages，we detected the expression of key proteins Caspase4, Caspase11 and Gasdermin D in the pyroptosis pathway.Results The results showed that ASTA was able to maintain the stability of MLE-12 lung epithelial cell numbers in the inflammatory environment established by LPS. But the reason is not to promote cell proliferation, but to inhibit LPS-induced pyroptosis. The results showed that ASTA significantly inhibited the expression of key proteins in the Caspase4/11-Gasdermin D pathway and the release of pyroptosis-related inflammatory mediators. Conclusion Therefore, ASTA inhibits inflammation-induced pyroptosis by inhibiting the G pathway, and has the potential to protect lung tissue from tuberculosis-related inflammatory injury. ASTA, a functional food component, is a promising candidate for protection against tuberculosis-associated inflammatory lung injury.
Phylogeny and systematics of the genus Clonostachys
Authors: Wang Yao , Tang De-Xiang , Luo Run , Wang Yuan-Bing , Thanarut Chinnapan , Yu Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clonostachys, a group with rich morphological and ecological diversity in Bionectriaceae, has a wide distribution among diverse habitats. In the present study, a phylogenetic framework is reconstructed for the family Bionectriaceae focusing on Clonostachys through increased taxon-sampling using the nrLSU sequence. Through surveying Clonostachys in China, Vietnam, and Thailand over the past 3 years, seven Clonostachys spp. were found and identified. Two new species, C. chuyangsinensis and C. dimorpha, are described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. The phylogenetic positions of the seven species were evaluated based on four genomic loci (ITS, nrLSU, TUB2, and TEF1). Moreover, the genetic divergence comparisons of Clonostachys species for three markers (ITS, TUB2, and TEF1) are also provided. The results indicated that the TEF1 sequence data provided the best resolution for distinguishing species of Clonostachys, followed by sequence data for the TUB2 and ITS regions.
Failing Parametrizations: What can go Wrong when Approximating Spectral Submanifolds
Authors: Stoychev Alexander K. , Römer Ulrich Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Invariant manifolds provide useful insights into the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. Spectral submanifolds are invariant manifolds that capture the behavior of non-conservative systems near an attractor (or repellor). Approximations of spectral submanifolds can be used to analyze the transient behavior of autonomous systems, but also to study the effect of non-autonomous forcing via forced response curves and backbone curves. Current approaches to computing approximations for spectral submanifolds rely on a parametrization of the manifold and the reduced dynamics on it via truncated power series. While this leads to efficient algorithms for recursively determining the coefficients of this parametrization, the problem itself is ambiguous in that there are fewer equations than unknown coefficients. Although this ambiguity is well known, it is rarely discussed and usually solved by introducing more equations, the effects of which have hardly been studied. We present a benchmark study to analyze the performance of three popular approaches to resolving this ambiguity: the graph style parametrization, the normal form parametrization, and the normal form parametrization for “near resonances”. We show that no parametrization is superior, and discuss how and why poor approximations of specific parametrizations are unexpected for certain benchmark systems. All approximations are limited by the radius of convergence of the truncated power series, which depends substantially on the chosen parametrization and cannot be determined a priori. Although not surprising, the investigations on the benchmark systems show how serious this influence is and what potential for improving the methodology can be found here.
No prostate? No problem. Robotic inguinal hernia repair after prostatectomy
Authors: Lade Caleb , Ford Hunter , Venincasa Kiran , Lewis Samara , Lee Benjamin , Harmon Allison , Choi Preston , Raines Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional teaching suggests that prior pelvic operations, including prostatectomy, is a contraindication to laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Despite the growing use of robotic platforms in inguinal hernia repair, there are few studies describing robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repairs (RIHR) in this patient population. This study aims to demonstrate that RIHR is safe and effective in repairing inguinal hernias in patients who had previously undergone prostatectomy. We retrospectively reviewed RIHR cases performed from March 2017 to October 2021 by a single surgeon at our university-affiliated community hospital. Cases were reviewed for preoperative considerations, operative times and complications, and postoperative outcomes. A total of 30 patients with prior prostatectomy underwent transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) RIHR with mesh. Sixteen of the 30 patients had undergone robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) while 14 patients underwent open resection. Seven of the patients had received post-resection radiation and 12 had previous non-urologic abdominal operations. When compared to all RIHRs performed over the same period, duration of surgery was increased. There were no conversions to open surgery. Postoperatively, one patient developed a repair site seroma which resolved after 1 month. Mean follow-up time was 13.9 months. At follow up, one patient reported experiencing intermittent non-debilitating pain at the repair site and one patient developed an inguinoscrotal abscess of unknown relation to the repair. No patients reported hernia recurrences nor mesh infection. This review suggests that TAPP RIHR can be a safe and effective approach to inguinal hernia repair in patients who have previously undergone prostatectomy, including those who received radiation and those who underwent either open or robotic resections.
Guided anisotropic oxygen transport in vacancy ordered oxides
Authors: Yang Zhenzhong , Wang Le , Bowden Mark , Liu Wen , Zhu Zihua , Wang Chongmin , Chambers Scott , Sushko Peter , Du Yingge 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anisotropic and efficient transport of ions under external stimuli governs the operation and failure mechanisms of energy-conversion systems and microelectronics devices. However, fundamental understanding of ion hopping processes is impeded by the lack of atomically precise materials and probes that allow for the monitoring and control at the appropriate time- and length- scales. In this work, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we directly show that oxygen ion migration in vacancy ordered, semiconducting SrFeO2.5 epitaxial thin films can be guided to proceed through two distinctly different diffusion pathways, each resulting in different polymorphs of SrFeO2.75 with different ground electronic properties before reaching a fully oxidized, metallic SrFeO3 phase. The diffusion steps and reaction intermediates are revealed by means of ab initio calculations. The principles of controlling oxygen diffusion pathways and reaction intermediates demonstrated here can significantly advance the rational design of structurally ordered oxides for tailored applications.
Breeding early maturing, blast resistance water-saving and drought-resistance rice cultivar using marker-assisted selection coupled with rapid generation advance
Authors: Wang Feiming , Liu Yi , Zhang Anning , Kong Deyan , Bi Junguo , Liu Guolan , Yu Xinqiao , Luo Lijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The japonica water-saving and drought-resistance rice (Oryza sativa L.) (WDR) cultivar Huhan 9 harbors genes for resistance to rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), including Pi-ta and Pi-b. The early maturing japonica rice cultivar Suhuxiangjing and the high-yield WDR cultivars Huhan 3 and Huhan 11 were used as the parents to conduct single cross breeding and composite hybridization breeding. Strict drought resistance screening was conducted in the segregating generations, and the genotypes were determined using the functional markers of Pi-ta and Pi-b genes. By combining the rapid generation advance of the industrialized breeding system and multi-site shuttle identification, a new WDR cultivar Huhan 106 with early maturity, blast resistance, high yield, and high quality was bred, and it was certified by the Agricultural Crop Variety Certification Commission of Shanghai in 2020. Molecular marker-assisted selection coupled with rapid generation advance and multi-site shuttle identification is a rapid and efficient breeding method for the value-added improvement of varieties.
Characteristics of anti-CLL1 based CAR-T therapy for children with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: the multi-center efficacy and safety interim analysis
Authors: Luo Min , ZHANG HUI , Bu Chaoke , Peng Zhiyong , Li Guangchao , Zhou Zhao , Ding Wen , Zheng Yongwei , HE YINGYI , HU ZHENGBIN , Pei Kunlin , Li Chunfu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C-type lectin like molecule-1 (CLL1) is preferentially expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells and AML blasts, and can be considered as AML-associated antigen. Anti-CLL1-based CAR-T cells exhibited effective tumor killing capacity in vitro and in AML-bearing mouse model. In this report, eight children with relapsed or refractory AML (R/R-AML) were recruited for a phase 1/2 clinical trial of autologous anti-CLL1 CAR-T cell immunotherapy. The objectives of this clinical trial were to evaluate the safety and the anti-AML responses after CLL1-CAR-T cell treatment, with long-term prognosis within those patients who did not receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (allo-HSCT) as an additional aim. These R/R-AML patients received one dose of autologous CLL1-CAR-T cells after lymphodepletion conditioning. Grade 3–4 hematologic adverse events were observed post CAR-T cell infusion. Meanwhile, grade 1–2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed but without any lethal events. 4 out of 8 AML patients achieved incomplete remission (CRi) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, 2 patients with CRi but MRD positivity, and 2 patients with decreased AML burden and CLL1 positive AML blast clearance. These results suggested that anti-CLL1-based CAR-T cell immunotherapy can be considered as a well-tolerated and effective option for treating children with R/R-AML.
Transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) technology: a promising tool for micropropagation of Centratherum punctatum Cass
Authors: Aswathi NV. , Thomas Dennis Thuruthiyil , Thomas Dennis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Centratherum punctatum Cass. is an important medicinal herb used for various purposes. The present study describes an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of C. punctatum through transverse Thin Cell Layers (tTCLs). The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), thickness of tTCLs and source of tTCLs, were evaluated. The tTCLs of varying thickness (0.5-5.0 mm) were excised from 10-day-old leaf, 45-day-old node and internode and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of PGRs (BAP, TDZ, KN; 0.1-2.0 mg/l) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1-1.0 mg/l) for shoot induction. For callus induction 2, 4-D (0.5-2.0 mg/l) was employed. The leaf and node tTCLs showed direct shoot regeneration and internodal tTCLs resulted in calli which successfully regenerated to shoots on subculture. A significant effect of thickness/width on shoot induction was observed. For leaf, 1.0 mm width and for node and internode 2.0 mm thick tTCLs showed maximum response. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l TDZ, 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA were found optimum for shoot induction from tTCLs of leaf (96% response with 41.5 shoots per explant), internode (64% response with 22.9 shoots per explant) and node (87% response with 11.9 shoots per explant) respectively. Rhizogenesis was obtained when micropropagated shoots were transferred to half strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (0.25-2.0 mg/l) of IBA. The rooted plantlets were eventually acclimatized and transferred to soil. The procedure described here is a promising tool for micropropagation of C. punctatum as it produces high frequency healthy shoots from minimum explant source.
Rapid Qualitative Analysis Approach to Stakeholder and Client Interviews to Inform Mobile-Based HIV Testing in the U.S. Deep South
Authors: Pratt Madeline C. , Isehunwa Oluwaseyi O. , Bassett Ingrid V. , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Gordon Bretia , Matthews Lynn T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The severity of the HIV epidemic in the United States’ rural South highlights geographic, socioeconomic, and racial disparities that disproportionately affect poor Black Americans. Approximately 16% of Alabamians living with HIV remain undiagnosed and just 37% of rural Alabamians have ever been tested for HIV. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 22 key stakeholders involved in HIV prevention, testing, treatment, or community health initiatives, and 10 adults living in rural communities across Alabama to explore HIV testing challenges and opportunities. We utilized a rapid qualitative analysis approach and engaged community partners for feedback and discussion. This analysis will inform the implementation of a mobile HIV testing service in rural Alabama.Results: The following themes were identified: (1) Cultural norms, racism, poverty, and rurality impair access to healthcare. (2) Lack of sex education, low knowledge of HIV and perception of risk reinforce stigmas. (3) Messaging about “Undetectable = Untransmissible” (U=U) is not well understood in communities. (4) Community involvement may promote communication and trust between communities and testing advocates. (5) Novel testing strategies are acceptable and may diminish barriers.Conclusions: Working with community “gatekeepers” may be a key strategy to understand and promote acceptability of interventions new to rural Alabama and ameliorate stigma within communities. The implementation of new HIV testing strategies requires building and maintaining relationships with advocates, especially faith-based leaders, who engage people across many demographics.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of HIV/AIDS prevention among trainee nurses in north-eastern corridor, Ghana: A cross- sectional survey
Authors: Mutaru Abdul-Manaf , Ibrahim Aminu , Osuman Abdul-Nuru Wumpini , Agana Timothy Atanga , Alhassan Ahmad Sukerazu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV/AIDS remains a modern-day global burden, killing almost 39 million people with over 36 million living with the disease, and two million new cases annually. The risk of infection in clinical practice among health workers has been noted to be high, compared to the general population. The study therefore seeks to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS prevention among nursing students along the north-eastern corridor of Ghana.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive design with a quantitative approach was employed. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 373 trainee nurses. A Pearson’s chi-square analysis was performed at 0.20 precision level. Determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice was established with a multivariate logistic regression at 95% confidence level.
Results
Majority of participants had satisfactory knowledge (88.0%), good attitude (87.9%), and good practices (57.6%) towards HIV/AIDS prevention. Students in their final year of the study were 2.3 times more likely to demonstrate good attitudes towards HIV/AIDS prevention than first years (aOR: 2.28; CI: 1.10–4.72). Those with sufficient knowledge on HIV/AIDS were 3.5 times more likely to have good attitudes towards its prevention than those with insufficient knowledge levels (aOR: 3.46; 1.76–6.77).
Conclusion
There are satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practices among trainee nurses regarding HIV/AIDS prevention in the study setting. Increase access to knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS can improve attitudes towards its prevention. However, there is a need for appraisal of the clinical placement programs of trainee nurses to ensure improved practice. Further studies are needed to ascertain the role of knowledge and attitudes in enhancing practices on HIV/AIDS prevention.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer properties of Novel derivatives of 2-(4-t-butyl)-5-(5-Aryl substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) pyridine
Authors: Adimule Vinayak , Batakurki Sheetal , Yallur Basappa C , Keri Rangappa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In our present study author has synthesized novel derivatives of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles by linear synthetic method and characterized the compounds by LCMS, 1H-NMR and 13C spectral analysis. In this research work 2-(4-t-butyl-phenyl)-5-(5-aryl substituted-[1, 3, 4] oxadiazol-2-yl)-pyridine have been synthesized by the oxidative cyclization reaction and purified by column-chromatography. The 6-(4-t-butyl-phenyl)-nicotinic acid hydrazide which upon reacted with aldehydes (a-f) and got the Schiff base derivatives. The compounds 7a-7f were screened for MTT assay against HeLa, MCF7and Caco-2 Cell lines. A graph was plotted against percentage viability and concentration of the compounds and obtained the IC50 values. Among the synthesized novel derivatives of 1, 3, 4-oxdiazoles two compounds 7b and 7d exhibited good cytotoxicity on MCF7 cell lines having an IC50 of 6.74µM and 3.69 µM respectively. On Caco-2 cell lines the compounds 7c, 7d and 7f have showed moderate cytotoxicity having IC50 of 24.6µM, 55.5µM and 24.8µM respectively.
Intraoperative Cefuroxime in Penicillin allergy during cataract surgery
Authors: Eke Oluwaniyi V. , Arain Umair R. , Nestel Achim R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To establish the incidence of anaphylactic reaction to intraoperative cefuroxime in patients with a self-reported penicillin allergy during cataract surgery.
Methods
A retrospective study carried out in clinical practice in North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, United Kingdom. It included patients who underwent cataract surgery between March 2009 and March 2020. The details of their demography, procedure carried out, record of allergies, intra-op medication were extracted from the EMR. The main outcome measures were post op allergic reaction; urticarial or anaphylactic. The data was analyzed on Microsoft Excel
Results
Overall 15764 eyes had cataract surgery between March 2009 and March 2020. 1764 [11%] of these were reported to be allergic to penicillin and 1652 [93.6%] still received intraoperative cefuroxime (intracameral +/- subconjunctival) despite their history of penicillin allergy. None of these 1652 patients developed any anaphylactic reaction.
Conclusion
Intra-operative cefuroxime during cataract surgery was well tolerated in patients with self-reported penicillin allergy in this large patient cohort. No post-operative anaphylaxis was observed.
Keyworsd:
cataract surgery, penicillin allergy, intracameral cefuroxime, cross reactivity, antibiotics, anaphylaxis.
ANTIPSEUDOBASE: Database of Antimicrobial Peptides and Essential Oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zouhir Abdelmajid , Souiai Oussama , Harigua Emna , Cherif Ammar , Chaalia Aymen Ben , Sebei Khaled 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens. The antimicrobial peptides and essential oils display narrow-or broad-spectrum activity against bacteria including this strain. The assembly of such information of these molecules in one central resource such as a database would therefore be of great benefit to the exploitation of these bioactive molecules in the present context of increasing antibiotic resistance and natural bio- preservation needs. The database ANTIPSEUDOBASE is created to facilitate access to important information on antimicrobial peptides and essential oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Now, the database contains calculated or predicted physicochemical properties of 560 sequences of antimicrobial peptides produced by diverse organisms, and general data of 111 essential oils. It permits a quick and easy search of peptides based on their activity as well as their general, physicochemical properties and literature data. These data are very useful to perform further bioinformatic or chemometric analysis and would certainly be useful for the development of new drugs and medical use. The ANTIPSEUDOBASE database is freely available at: (http://bims.pasteur.tn:3838/APP/).