bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ironbark: Developing a healthy community program for older Aboriginal people
Authors: Macniven Rona , Simon Aaron , Wilson Roland , Howie Adam , Stewart Georgia , Ma Tracey , Turner Norma Jean , Cairnduff Sallie , Coombes Julieann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssue addressedPrograms by, with and for Aboriginal older people must be culturally safe and relevant. Successful elements include being Aboriginal specific and group based. Co‐design with Aboriginal people and stakeholders is essential. We describe the co‐design process of developing the Ironbark: Healthy Community program.MethodsAboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing and yarning conversational methods guided the development process, during 2018. A desktop review provided details of current group characteristics and key community stakeholders. Stakeholder engagement regarding views about group operations, participants and benefits also occurred. Aboriginal Elders views of their groups were gathered through yarning circles in New South Wales (NSW). Grounded theory approach was used to ascertain key themes.ResultsInitial engagement occurred with 13 different community stakeholders and organisations in three Australian states (NSW, South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA)). Three yarning circles occurred with Elders from urban (N = 10), regional coastal (N = 10) and regional country (N = 4) groups. Six key themes were organised in three groups according to an Aboriginal ontology. 1. Knowing: groups provide opportunities to share knowledge and connect socially. Adequate program resourcing and sustainability are valued. 2. Being: groups strengthen culture, providing important social, emotional and other forms of support to age well. 3. Doing: previous program experiences inform perceptions for new program operations. Group venues and operational aspects should be culturally safe, acknowledging diversity among Elders, their preferences and community control. Themes were used to develop the program and its resource manual that were finalised with stakeholders, including steering committee approval.ConclusionsStakeholder feedback at multiple stages and Aboriginal Elders’ perspectives resulted in a new co‐designed community program involving weekly yarning circles and social activities.So what?: Co‐design, guided by Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing, can develop programs relevant for Aboriginal people.
The role of institutional research in advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts
Authors: McKinley Kristin , Dunnagan Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInstitutional research/effectiveness offices are instrumental in advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion (D.E.I.) efforts. Ideally they have the knowledge, perspective, and network within an institution to impact practice, process, policy, and planning in order to guide the institution toward a goal of being fully inclusive. With an understanding of D.E.I. terms within the institution and higher education, IR offices can provide a cohesive perspective and focus through both qualitative and quantitative data that can lead to shared definitions, a collective mindset, and ultimately actionable change.
Daily drip irrigation based on real‐time weather improves winter wheat grain yield and water use efficiency
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Zhao Qian , Li Junyan , Wang Zhimin , Zhang Yinghua , Xue Xuzhang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to evaluate the effectiveness of daily drip irrigation on the growth of winter wheat, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to compare the influence of conventional irrigation (CI) and daily drip irrigation (DI1 and DI2) on the soil water content, evapotranspiration dynamics, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat. CI irrigated 75 mm at elongation and anthesis periods, respectively. DI1 and DI2 started irrigation from the elongation period and single‐time irrigation amount was 30 and 45% respectively of the daily reference evapotranspiration until total irrigation amount reached 150 mm or winter wheat was harvested. During 2016–2017, the grain yield and WUE of DI1 improved significantly by 9.7 and 30.2%, respectively, compared with those of CI. In 2017–2018, grain yield of DI1 and DI2 improved significantly by 10.4 and 7.7%, and WUE of DI1 and DI2 increased by 8.5 and 12.7%, respectively, compared with those of CI. Compared with CI, winter wheat exposed to daily drip irrigation enhanced water utilization in deep soil layers and reduced the noon evapotranspiration rate, leading to less water consumption. Simultaneously, daily drip irrigation ensured water supply in the upper soil layers during the grain‐filling stage, and increased thousand grain weight and yield. The results showed that daily drip irrigation could greatly improve winter wheat yield and WUE by homogenizing water supply based on real‐time weather, which provided a reference for the formulation of accurate water‐saving drip irrigation strategy.
Improving the scaling and performance of multiple time stepping‐based molecular dynamics with hybrid density functionals
Authors: Mandal Sagarmoy , Kar Ritama , Klöffel Tobias , Meyer Bernd , Nair Nisanth N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDensity functionals at the level of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and a plane‐wave basis set are widely used today to perform ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Going up in the ladder of accuracy of density functionals from GGA (second rung) to hybrid density functionals (fourth rung) is much desired pertaining to the accuracy of the latter in describing structure, dynamics, and energetics of molecular and condensed matter systems. On the other hand, hybrid density functional based AIMD simulations are about two orders of magnitude slower than GGA based AIMD for systems containing ~100 atoms using ~100 compute cores. Two methods, namely MTACE and s‐MTACE, based on a multiple time step integrator and adaptively compressed exchange operator formalism are able to provide a speed‐up of about 7–9 in performing hybrid density functional based AIMD. In this work, we report an implementation of these methods using a task‐group based parallelization within the CPMD program package, with the intention to take advantage of the large number of compute cores available on modern high‐performance computing platforms. We present here the boost in performance achieved through this algorithm. This work also identifies the computational bottleneck in the s‐MTACE method and proposes a way to overcome it.
Extending the theoretical framework of numeracy to engineers
Authors: Hadley Kevin , Oyetunji Wasiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile students possess procedural knowledge associated with engineering calculations and calculus, they often exhibit a disconnect between the conceptual meaning of mathematics and the problem being solved. This conceptual understanding of what mathematics “says” is defined by the theoretical framework of numeracy. Many engineering numeracy studies have been conducted, but they lacked a unifying theoretical framework, a common lexicon, or formal definitions to connect related numeracy topics.Purpose/HypothesisThis study aims to define numeracy in the context of engineering mathematics and add to the broad theoretical framework of engineering numeracy. Formal skills, terms, and definitions are presented to generate further research.Design/MethodA Delphi study was conducted to identify which skills constitute engineering numeracy and define engineering numeracy skills. Also, a content analysis of 5466 articles published between 1970 and 2018 was conducted to validate the findings of the Delphi panel.ResultsThe Delphi study identified 32 skills and subskills, each validated and refined by the content analysis. The content analysis highlighted the need for more engineering numeracy studies. The difficulty and importance of learning different numeracy skills were also established.ConclusionsA formal theoretical framework equipped with a specific lexicon and definitions was developed to include the mathematics of engineering as a part of the broader framework of numeracy. It is presented to serve as a reference for future research in engineering numeracy. The findings support the theory suggesting disconnections in students with regard to the conceptual meaning of mathematics and the problems solved.
Simultaneous detection of Zika, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses by a two‐tube multiplex real‐time RT‐PCR assay
Authors: Xu Zhixiang , Peng Yun , Yang Minghui , Li Xiaohe , Wang Jun , Zou Rongrong , Liang Jinhu , Fang Shisong , Liu Yingxia , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the concurrent prevalence and increasing risk of coinfection of the clinically important Arboviruses, timely and accurate differential diagnosis is important for clinical management and the epidemiological investigation. A two‐tube multiplex real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was developed and optimized with high specificity and sensitivity. The detection limit for all the six viruses could reach as low as five genome equivalent copies and 2.8 × 10−3 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) for ZIKV, YFV, CHIKV and 2.8 × 10−2 TCID50 for JEV per reaction, with high accuracy and precision (R2 > 0.99). The coefficient of variation of intra‐assay and inter‐assay for our quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay was low, and the obtained positive rates ad Ct values of this assay were comparable with singleplex commercial kits. Moreover, the multiplex qRT‐PCR assay was able to detect possible co‐infections without competitive inhibition of target viral genomes. In conclusion, our rapid, sensitive, cost‐effective multiplex qRT‐PCR will be of great use for differential diagnosis in a clinical setting and epidemiological investigation during surveillance.
Self‐reported flares among people living with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with stress and worry but not associated with recent diet changes: The Manitoba Living with IBD Study
Authors: Vagianos Kathy , Shafer Leigh Anne , Witges Kelcie , Graff Lesley A. , Targownik Laura E. , Bernstein Charles N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this matched case‐control longitudinal study among people living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we investigated beliefs about what triggers a flare.MethodsAdults with confirmed IBD and active disease within 2 years were enrolled in the Manitoba Living with IBD Study and followed biweekly with online surveys for 1 year. The 7‐point IBD Symptom Change Indicator was used for participant identification of a flare. Flare cases were matched to non‐flare controls by sex and disease type. Members of each matched pair completed supplementary information on diet changes and psychological functioning in the previous 2 weeks and provided stool samples to assess fecal calprotectin (FCAL).ResultsOf 128 enrolled participants, 95 matched flare/non‐flare pairs were created. Those reporting a flare were more likely to have elevated FCAL (51% vs 34% among non‐flares, P = 0.043). Although 61% of study participants believed at baseline that a food may trigger flares, and 25% of those in a flare believed that a food may have triggered their current flare, there was no difference in consumption of assessed foods between flares and non‐flares in the previous 2 weeks. Patients with flares were more likely to be having difficulties in emotional state than controls (40% vs 18%, P = 0.001) and more likely to be stressed or worried (64% vs 33%, P = 0.001).ConclusionAlthough a majority of individuals with IBD believe that specific foods trigger their disease flares, this was not supported by the current findings. Recent psychological functioning was associated with self‐reported IBD flare.
Aerobic fitness and muscle density play a vital role in postoperative complications in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Cuijpers Anne C. M. , Bongers Bart C. , Heldens Aniek F. J. M. , Bours Martijn J. L. , van Meeteren Nico L. U. , Stassen Laurents P. S. , Lubbers Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo assess the association of preoperative aerobic fitness and body composition variables with a patient's resilience to the development and impact of postoperative complications after elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.MethodsPreoperative aerobic fitness was assessed by steep ramp test performance. Preoperative body composition was assessed by muscle mass and density determined from preoperative computed tomography scan analysis at the L3‐level. Complication development and severity was graded according to Clavien‐Dindo. Complication impact was assessed by the time to recovery of physical functioning after complications. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and tumour location was performed.ResultsOf 238 included patients, 96 (40.3%) developed postoperative complications. Better preoperative aerobic fitness decreased the likelihood to develop complications, independent of muscle mass (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35−0.85) or muscle density (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36−0.89). A prolonged time to recovery following complications was associated with lower preoperative muscle density (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 1.28−13.41), independent of aerobic fitness.ConclusionsLower aerobic fitness increases the risk of complication development, while low muscle density seems associated with a prolonged recovery from complications. Aerobic fitness and muscle density could be valuable additives to preoperative risk assessment.
Two‐Incision Approach for Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Placement: A Single Institution Assessment
Authors: Sagalow Emily S. , Rodin Julianna , Estephan Leonard , Jackson Jarrett , Crippen Meghan , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: February 2022

Objective(s)Upper airway stimulator (UAS) placement is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with few complications and low morbidity. UAS placement has traditionally been performed using a three‐incision approach, however, it has been implanted using a two‐incision approach. This approach could significantly decrease operation time without a difference in postoperative complications, demonstrating its safety and feasibility for UAS placement. The objective was to assess operative time and complication rate in the two‐incision approach for UAS placement compared to the three‐incision approach.Study DesignRetrospectively reviewed.MethodsPatients who underwent UAS placement using the two‐ or three‐incision approach at a single academic institution from November 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The two‐incision approach did not include the incision at the mid‐axillary line. Main outcome measures included operation time and complication rates.ResultsThree‐hundred forty‐eight patients underwent UAS placement. The three‐incision approach demonstrated an average operation time of 143.3 minutes whereas the two‐incision approach averaged 129.4 minutes (P < .001). There was no significant difference in rate of postoperative complications between the two‐ and three‐incision cohorts including pneumothorax (0% vs. 0.4%, P > .99), patient‐reported discomfort (5.6% vs. 6.5%, P > .99), activity restriction (0% vs. 1.4%, P > .50), and incisional pain (0.0% vs. 1.0%, P > .99). No patients experienced incision site bleeding or infection. The two‐incision approach was associated with decreased rate of revision surgery (0.0% vs. 5.4%, P = .048).ConclusionThe UAS two‐incision approach proved to have a significantly shorter operative time without an increase in complications as compared to the three‐incision approach. This approach is a safe and feasible option.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1687–1691, 2022
Numerical Modeling of the Blend Morphology Evolution in Twin‐Screw Extruders
Authors: Wong Wing‐Hin B. , de Bie Vincent G. , Hulsen Martien A. , Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe blend morphology model developed by Wong et al., based on Peters et al., is used to investigate the development of the disperse polymer blend morphology in twin‐screw extruder flow. First, the model is written in a point‐wise form suitable for using in conjunction with particle tracking. Particle tracking methods are used to generate trajectories along the flow field. Macroscopic droplet populations are placed along these trajectories and the velocity gradient tensor is extracted and applied on the point‐wise blend morphology model. Very large morphology differences arise between trajectories that pass through the middle gap and those that do not. In the global distribution of (macroscopically averaged, monodisperse) droplet sizes, two distinct peaks appear due to these different trajectories. Given enough number of screw rotations, a droplet population can reach almost every position in the twin‐screw extruder and travel along both types of particle trajectories. The effect of varying the gap size is that the largest droplets are unaffected, but the smallest droplets are smaller for a smaller gap size due to the higher maximum shear rate. The effect of varying the viscosity ratio on the global droplet size distribution is found to be nonlinear and is strongly determined by the Grace curve. The effect on polydisperse droplet populations is found to be that trajectories that do not pass through the gap evolve toward a single peak, whereas trajectories that do pass through the gap lead to a split into two peaks that ultimately rejoin as one peak. It is concluded that the initial position of a population in the twin‐screw extruder has a very large effect on the developing transient blend morphology, though future work should be done on the importance of the initial position on the steady‐state blend morphology after a very large number of screw rotations.
Surgical timing in neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A PRISMA‐IPD systematic review
Authors: Srinivasan Nivetha , Mahajan Jasmine , Gupta Shivani , Shah Yash M. , Shafei Jasmine , Levidy Michael F. , Abdelmalek George , Pant Krittika , Jain Kunj , Zhao Caixia , Chu Alice , McGrath Aleksandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) is a serious complication of high‐risk deliveries with controversy surrounding timing of corrective nerve surgery. This review systematically examines the existing literature and investigates correlations between age at time of upper trunk brachial plexus microsurgery and surgical outcomes.MethodsA systematic screening of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases using PRISMA‐IPD guidelines was conducted in January 2020 to include full‐text English papers with microsurgery in upper trunk palsy, pediatric patients. Spearman rank correlation analysis and two‐tailed t‐tests were performed using individual patient data to determine the relationship between mean age at time of surgery and outcome as determined by the Mallet, Medical Research Council (MRC), or Active Movement Scale (AMS) subscores.ResultsTwo thousand nine hundred thirty six papers were screened to finalize 25 papers containing individual patient data (n = 256) with low to moderate risk of bias, as assessed by the ROBINS‐I assessment tool. Mallet subscore for hand‐to‐mouth and shoulder abduction, AMS subscore for elbow flexion and external rotation, and MRC subscore for elbow flexion were analyzed alongside the respective age of patients at surgery. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation (ρ = −0.30, p < .01, n = 89) between increasing age (5.50 ± 2.09 months) and Mallet subscore for hand‐to‐mouth (3.43 ± 0.83). T‐tests revealed a significant decrease in Mallet hand‐to‐mouth subscores after 6 months (p < .05) and 9 months (p < .05) of age. No significant effects were observed for Mallet shoulder abduction, MRC elbow flexion, or AMS elbow flexion and external rotation.ConclusionThe cumulative evidence suggests a significant negative correlation between age at microsurgery and Mallet subscores for hand‐to‐mouth. However, a similar correlation with age at surgery was not observed for Mallet shoulder abduction, MRC elbow flexion, AMS external rotation, and AMS elbow flexion subscores.
Integrated radial basis functions to simulate modified anomalous sub‐diffusion equation
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Ebrahimijahan Ali , Abbaszadeh Mostafa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research work presents a newly truly meshless approach based upon the integrated radial basis functions (IRBFs) technique to study the fractional modified anomalous sub‐diffusion equation. First, the temporal direction is discretized by a finite difference method with second‐order accuracy. The stability analysis and convergence of the proposed time‐discrete formulation are investigated, theoretically. Then, the spatial direction is approximated by the IRBFs methodology. In this approach, the largest‐order derivative is approximated by a linear combination of RBFs and then the lower‐order derivative and also the unknown function are constructed by repeated integration. According to this procedure, the existing derivatives in the main fractional PDE are approximated smoothly. Furthermore, to show the efficiency of the developed numerical procedure, we employed some non‐rectangular computational domains to obtain the numerical results. On the other hand, the mentioned model is solved in one‐ two‐, and three dimensional cases. The numerical results confirm the ability and efficiency of the new numerical method for solving time fractional PDEs on complex computational domains.
Effect of tannic acid modified bamboo fiber on the performance of soybean bio‐asphalt/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt
Authors: Meng Yongjun , Qin Pengfei , Yaseen Muhammad , Chen Jing , Yan Tianyi , Gan Weixing , Lei Jiechao , Li Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study resolves the poor enhancement problem of high‐temperature performance and lower dissolution of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) modified asphalt and soybean bio‐asphalt (SBA) (extracted from waste soybean oil) by tannic acid (TA) modified bamboo fiber (MBF). The rheological properties and microscopic morphologies of the modified asphalt and fibers were investigated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the rutting factor and deformation recovery rate of 3% MBF/3% SBS/SBA modified asphalt at 64°C increased by 78.4% and 31.99% as compared with those of 5% SBS modified asphalt. Further, the phenolic hydroxyl group of TA reacted with C═O groups in SBA to form a strong connection between BF and bio‐asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that SBS solubilization and BF formed a uniform and stable network structure in the modified asphalt. This study provides a useful, greener, and cost‐effective strategy for the effective utilization of industrial waste (BF and waste soybean oil) by converting into advanced functional materials for highway and construction industries novel and hence can concomitantly decrease environmental pollution and enhance energy conservations.