bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What innovations would enable the tourism and hospitality industry in the Caribbean to re-build?
Authors: Crick Anne P. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to identify the opportunities for resetting Caribbean tourism along the lines of sustainability, the use of SMART technology and social inclusion so that it benefits all of its stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that draws on research about the limitations of Caribbean tourism and the emerging needs of tourism stakeholders in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.FindingsThe paper proposes five areas of focus - educating smartly, becoming a smart and strategic employer, using technology smartly to identify value and values of internal and external customers, thinking, buying, using sustainably and connecting the dots in joined up government.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper draws on current research on problems associated with pre-pandemic tourism and proposes ways that these can be addressed. It utilizes the service-profit chain model to identify the relationships between internal and external service value.Practical implicationsCaribbean tourism interests have the choice of using the pandemic as an enforced pause or an opportunity to reset. This paper assumes the latter choice and makes specific recommendations for private and public sector interests to shape a sector that is socially inclusive and sustainable and that incorporates smart technology.Social implicationsThe Caribbean is the world's most tourism dependent region but a critical examination indicates that the pursuit of tourist numbers and dollars has come at a cost to local residents. The paper utilizes the new three Ss of smart destinations, social inclusion and sustainability to recommend ways in which tourism can better serve the region and a new generation of tourists.Originality/valueTourism in the Caribbean has grown exponentially but not always in a way that benefits all of its stakeholders. Covid-19 forced a cessation of most activities and created an opportunity to rethink tourism. This paper recognizes that the changing needs of external and internal stakeholders must be considered if tourism is to be successful and sustainable, and proposes five overlapping and important innovations.
Fluoro‐recognition: New in vivo fluorescent assay for toluene dioxygenase probing induction by and metabolism of polyfluorinated compounds
Authors: Aukema Kelly G. , Bygd Madison D. , Tassoulas Lambros J. , Richman Jack E. , Wackett Lawrence P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the regulatory and metabolic response of the aromatic degrader Pseudomonas putida F1 and its tod operon, controlling toluene degradation, to fluorinated aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The tod operon is upregulated by inducer binding to the TodS sensing domain of a two‐component regulator. The induced enzymes include toluene dioxygenase that initiates catabolic assimilation of benzenoid hydrocarbons. Toluene dioxygenase was shown to oxidize 6‐fluoroindole to a meta‐stable fluorescent product, 6‐fluoroindoxyl. The fluorescent output allowed monitoring relative levels of tod operon induction in whole cells using microtiter well plates. Mono‐ and polyfluorinated aromatic compounds were shown to induce toluene dioxygenase, in some cases to a greater extent than compounds serving as growth substrates. Compounds that are oxidized by toluene dioxygenase and undergoing defluorination were shown to induce their own metabolism. 1,2,4‐Trifluorobenzene caused significant induction and computational modelling indicated productive binding to the TodS sensor domain of the TodST regulator. Toluene dioxygenase also showed preferential binding of 1,2,4‐trifluorobenzene such that defluorination was favoured. Fluorinated aliphatic compounds were shown to induce toluene dioxygenase. An aliphatic ether with seven fluorine atoms, 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoro‐2‐trifluoromethoxy‐4‐iodobutane (TTIB), was an excellent inducer of toluene dioxygenase activity and shown to undergo transformation in cultures of P. putida F1.
Detecting and reducing heterogeneity of error in acoustic classification
Authors: Metcalf Oliver C. , Barlow Jos , Bas Yves , Berenguer Erika , Devenish Christian , França Filipe , Marsden Stuart , Smith Charlotte , Lees Alexander C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Passive acoustic monitoring can be an effective method for monitoring species, allowing the assembly of large audio datasets, removing logistical constraints in data collection and reducing anthropogenic monitoring disturbances. However, the analysis of large acoustic datasets is challenging and fully automated machine learning processes are rarely developed or implemented in ecological field studies. One of the greatest uncertainties hindering the development of these methods is spatial generalisability—can an algorithm trained on data from one place be used elsewhere?

We demonstrate that heterogeneity of error across space is a problem that could go undetected using common classification accuracy metrics. Second, we develop a method to assess the extent of heterogeneity of error in a random forest classification model for six Amazonian bird species. Finally, we propose two complementary ways to reduce heterogeneity of error, by (i) accounting for it in the thresholding process and (ii) using a secondary classifier that uses contextual data.

We found that using a thresholding approach that accounted for heterogeneity of precision error reduced the coefficient of variation of the precision score from a mean of 0.61 ± 0.17 (SD) to 0.41 ± 0.25 in comparison to the initial classification with threshold selection based on F‐score. The use of a secondary, contextual classification with thresholding selection accounting for heterogeneity of precision reduced it further still, to 0.16 ± 0.13, and was significantly lower than the initial classification in all but one species. Mean average precision scores increased, from 0.66 ± 0.4 for the initial classification, to 0.95 ± 0.19, a significant improvement for all species.

We recommend assessing—and if necessary correcting for—heterogeneity of precision error when using automated classification on acoustic data to quantify species presence as a function of an environmental, spatial or temporal predictor variable.
Hungary: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: VÁRNAGY RÉKA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Hungarian governing party Fidesz maintained a state of emergency in 2021, but aside from the pandemic, it focused on setting the tone for the 2022 elections and on developing a new communication strategy targeting sexual minorities. Regarding the institutional framework, the restructuration of higher education is highlighted in the article. The main opposition primaries, which took place in the fall, are also discussed. The text offers an insight into the political dynamic of opposition parties and presents basic data about the primaries.
Point‐of‐care echocardiography of the right heart improves acute heart failure risk stratification for low‐risk patients: The REED‐AHF prospective study
Authors: Harrison Nicholas E. , Favot Mark J. , Gowland Laura , Lenning Jacob , Henry Sarah , Gupta Sushane , Abidov Aiden , Levy Phillip , Ehrman Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesValidated acute heart failure (AHF) clinical decision instruments (CDI) insufficiently identify low‐risk patients meriting consideration of outpatient treatment. While pilot data show that tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is associated with adverse events, no AHF CDI currently incorporates point‐of‐care echocardiography (POCecho). We evaluated whether TAPSE adds incremental risk stratification value to an existing CDI.MethodsProspectively enrolled patients at two urban‐academic EDs had POCechos obtained before or <1 h after first intravenous diuresis, positive pressure ventilation, and/or nitroglycerin. STEMI and cardiogenic shock were excluded. AHF diagnosis was adjudicated by double‐blind expert review. TAPSE, with an a priori cutoff of ≥17 mm, was our primary measure. Secondary measures included eight additional right heart and six left heart POCecho parameters. STRATIFY is a validated CDI predicting 30‐day death/cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical cardiac support, intubation, new/emergent dialysis, and acute myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization in ED AHF patients. Full (STRATIFY + POCecho variable) and reduced (STRATIFY alone) logistic regression models were fit to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR), category‐free net reclassification index (NRIcont), ΔSensitivity (NRIevents), and ΔSpecificity (NRInonevents). Random forest assessed variable importance. To benchmark risk prediction to standard of care, ΔSensitivity and ΔSpecificity were evaluated at risk thresholds more conservative/lower than the actual outcome rate in discharged patients.ResultsA total of 84/120 enrolled patients met inclusion and diagnostic adjudication criteria. Nineteen percent experiencing the primary outcome had higher STRATIFY scores compared to those event free (233 vs. 212, p = 0.009). Five right heart (TAPSE, TAPSE/PASP, TAPSE/RVDD, RV‐FAC, fwRVLS) and no left heart measures improved prediction (p < 0.05) adjusted for STRATIFY. Right heart measures also had higher variable importance. TAPSE ≥ 17 mm plus STRATIFY improved prediction versus STRATIFY alone (aOR 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.91; NRIcont 0.71, 95% CI 0.22–1.19), and specificity improved by 6%–32% (p < 0.05) at risk thresholds more conservative than the standard‐of‐care benchmark without missing any additional events.ConclusionsTAPSE increased detection of low‐risk AHF patients, after use of a validated CDI, at risk thresholds more conservative than standard of care.
Anatomical variations of the canine adrenal vessels
Authors: Watanabe Nami , Ono Shin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe canine adrenal glands receive blood from the celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal phrenic artery, cranial abdominal artery, phrenicoabdominal trunk, abdominal aorta, renal artery and lumbar artery. These are classified into three types: cranial, middle and caudal adrenal branches. It is also known that the adrenal vein flows into the phrenicoabdominal vein. However, individual differences in the branching pattern of adrenal vessels have not been systematically analysed. We evaluated adrenal vessels in dogs that underwent contrast‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). There were 255 arteries travelling to the adrenal glands in 47 cases, with 1–6 arteries travelling per adrenal gland. The arteries included 67 caudal phrenic arteries, 62 aortic arteries, 60 cranial abdominal arteries, 39 renal arteries, 12 phrenicoabdominal trunks, 8 cranial mesenteric arteries, 6 celiac arteries and 1 lumbar artery. Most of the branches were from the aorta and caudal phrenic artery on the left side, and the cranial abdominal and caudal phrenic artery on the right side. A total of 110 adrenal veins were identified. Inflow into the phrenicoabdominal vein and into the right and left renal veins was observed, and we identified no inflow into other veins. This study demonstrated two points: laterality and individual differences in adrenal blood vessels. When evaluating adrenal blood vessels with abdominal contrast‐enhanced CT, it is recommended to take images under general anaesthesia with breath‐holding and observe them using multiplanar reconstruction.
Comprehensive analyses of N6‐methyladenosine‐related long noncoding RNA profiles with prognosis, chemotherapy response, and immune landscape in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Yuejun , Zhang Zhihui , Zheng Bo , Wu Peng , Zhang Guochao , Wang Lide , Zeng Qingpeng , Yang Zhaoyang , Xue Liyan , Zeng Hua , Tan Fengwei , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most devastating subtype of lung cancer with no clinically available prognostic biomarkers. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and noncoding RNAs play critical roles in cancer development and treatment response. However, little is known about m6A‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SCLC. We used 206 limited‐stage SCLC (LS‐SCLC) samples from two cohorts to undertake the first and most comprehensive exploration of the m6A‐related lncRNA profile in SCLC and constructed a relevant prognostic signature. In total, 289 m6A‐related lncRNAs were screened out. We then built a seven‐lncRNA‐based signature in the training cohort with 48 RNA sequencing data using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. The signature was well validated in an independent cohort containing 158 cases with quantitative PCR data. In both cohorts, the signature divided patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups with significantly different survival rates (both p < 0.001). Our signature predicted chemotherapy survival benefit in patients with LS‐SCLC. Receiver operating characteristic and C‐index analyses indicated that the signature was better at predicting prognosis and chemotherapy benefit than other clinicopathologic features. Moreover, the signature was identified as an independent predictor of prognosis and chemotherapy response in different cohorts. Furthermore, functional analysis showed that multiple activated immune‐related pathways were enriched in the low‐risk group. Additionally, the signature was also closely related to various immune checkpoints and inflammatory responses. We generated the first clinically available m6A‐related lncRNA signature to predict prognosis and chemotherapy benefit in patients with LS‐SCLC. Our findings could help optimize the clinical management of patients with LS‐SCLC and inform future therapeutic targets for SCLC.
Définir le Musée: Aux Prises avec une Nouvelle Identité
Authors: Nicolas Jérôme , Flieger Katharina 
Published: September 2022

RésuméQu’est‐ce qu’un musée ? Le Conseil international des musées (ICOM) l’a défini pour la première fois en 1946 en ces termes : «Le mot “musée” comprend toutes les collections ouvertes au public, de matériel artistique, technique, scientifique, historique ou archéologique, y compris les zoos et les jardins botaniques, mais exclut les bibliothèques, sauf dans la mesure où elles disposent de salles d’exposition permanentes» (ICOM, s.d.).
Luspatercept, a two‐edged sword in beta‐thalassemia‐associated paravertebral extramedullary hematopoietic masses (EHMs)
Authors: Alashkar Ferras , Klump Hannes , Lange Cara Paulina , Proske Pia , Schüssler Maximilian , Yamamoto Raina , Carpinteiro Alexander , Berliner Christoph Alexander , Schlosser Thomas Wilfried , Röth Alexander , Reinhardt Hans Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParavertebral extramedullary hematopoietic masses (EHMs) account for up to 15% of extramedullary pseudotumors in beta‐thalassemia (BT) and are most likely related to compensatory hematopoiesis. In most cases, pseudotumors are incidentally detected, as the majority of patients are asymptomatic. Since June 2020, luspatercept is approved for the treatment of patients with BT who require regular red blood cell transfusions. Data addressing the safety and efficacy of luspatercept in patients with BT‐associated EHMs are pending. To date (May 2022), paravertebral EHMs were observed in two asymptomatic patients out of currently 43 adult patients with BT registered at the Adult Hemoglobinopathy Outpatient Unit of the University Hospital Essen, Germany. In one of them, a paravertebral EHM was diagnosed more than 10 years prior to referral. Throughout observation time, treatment with luspatercept was associated with a clinically significant reduction in transfusion burden while allowing to maintain a baseline hemoglobin concentration of ≥10 g/dL aiming to suppress endogenous (ineffective) erythropoiesis associated with BT. Considering the rarity of paravertebral EHMs in BT, luspatercept might potentially represent a novel therapeutic option for these often‐serious disease‐associated complications. However, appropriate follow‐up investigations are recommended to detect (early) treatment failures secondary to an undesired luspatercept‐associated erythroid expansion.
Ibrutinib as a treatment of hematologic autoimmune disorders in patients with indolent B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Daniel Adrien , Ghez David , Ravaiau Camille , Cavalieri Doriane , Tournilhac Olivier , Herbaux Charles , Roriz Mélanie , Wemeau Mathieu , Guillet Stéphanie , Bossard Jean Baptiste , Hélène Demarquette , Kaphan Eleonore , Caroline Regny , Florence Lachenal , Pierache Adeline , Michel Marc , Godeau Bertrand , Terriou Louis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune conditions in B‐cell lymphomas are frequent. Steroids are standard of care, but many patients require other immunosuppressive agents. Ibrutinib is a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor that is approved for B‐cell indolent lymphoma treatment. We evaluated the use of ibrutinib in previously treated hematologic immune manifestations associated with B‐cell lymphomas.ResultsWe conducted a retrospective multicentric observational study. Patients presenting with active, relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphoma associated hematological immune manifestation (autoimmune cytopenia, acquired immune‐mediated bleeding disorders) were included. Twenty‐five patients were identified. Median age at ibrutinib introduction was 69 years (range 44–84) and median number of previous treatment lines before ibrutinib was 2 (1–7). Twenty‐two patients (88%) were on concomitant stable treatment at inclusion. Within a median exposure of 8 months (2–35), overall response rate to ibrutinib on immune manifestations was 76% (95% CI, 54.9–90.6); complete response rate 44%. Fourteen patients (63%) were able to be weaned from concomitant treatments. Fourteen patients (56%) presented treatment‐related adverse events, mostly Grade 1 or 2.ConclusionsIbrutinib in this setting provides good efficacy and safety profile. Clinical trials are needed to define subgroups of patients who will benefit from this strategy and establish its place in the therapeutic arsenal.
Mouse models of Kcnq2 dysfunction
Authors: Brun Lucile , Viemari Jean‐Charles , Villard Laurent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVariants in the Kv7.2 channel subunit encoded by the KCNQ2 gene cause epileptic disorders ranging from a benign form with self‐limited epileptic seizures and normal development to severe forms with intractable epileptic seizures and encephalopathy. The biological mechanisms involved in these neurological diseases are still unclear. The disease remains intractable in patients affected by the severe form. Over the past 20 years, KCNQ2 models have been developed to elucidate pathological mechanisms and to identify new therapeutic targets. The diversity of Kcnq2 mouse models has proven invaluable to access neuronal networks and evaluate the associated cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the available models and their contribution to our current understanding of KCNQ2 epileptic disorders.
Towards personalized environment‐aware outdoor gait analysis using a smartphone
Authors: Sher Arshad , Bunker Megan Taylor , Akanyeti Otar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutomatic gait analysis in free‐living environments using inertial sensors requires individualized approach as local acceleration and velocity profiles vary with the walker and the topological properties of the environment (e.g., walking in the forest vs. walking on sand). Here, we propose a smartphone‐based gait assessment architecture which consists of two data processing modules. The first module employs a set of personalized classifiers for automatic recognition of the walking environment. The second module provides accurate step time estimates by selecting the optimal filtering frequency tailored to the predicted environment. The performance of the architecture was evaluated using experimental data collected from 10 participants walking in 10 different conditions typically encountered during daily living. Compared with ground truth data, the architecture successfully recognized the walking environments; the percentage of correctly classified instances was above 92%. It also estimated step time with high accuracy; the mean absolute error was less than 10 ms, outperforming or at the very least matching the performance levels achieved in controlled laboratory trials (indoor flat surface walking). Compared with using one filtering frequency for all environments, using optimal frequency tailored to each environment reduced step time estimation error by more than 39%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which successfully demonstrates that parameter tuning can improve gait characterization in outdoor environments. However, further research using a larger data set (including more participants with varying demographics and degree of impairment) is needed to confirm this result. Our findings highlight the importance of environment‐aware gait analysis, and lay the groundwork for a smartphone‐based technology that can be used in the community.
Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of multiple sclerosis: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Arjmandi Delaram , Abdollahi Ali , Ardekani Ali , Razavian Iman , Razavian Elnaz , Sartip Behnam , Mahjour Sanaz , Parsa Hamid , Kyvanani Nastaran Azizi , Marhoommirzabak Elika , Kountouras Jannis , Rostami Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable controversy around the question as to whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has a protective or causative role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated published information to assess the association between H. pylori infection and MS.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive systematic review of relevant observational studies in international databases. A random‐effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 statistic was used to assess the between‐study heterogeneity. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were applied to identify the source of heterogeneity.ResultsIn total, 22 studies (25 datasets) were eligible for the meta‐analysis: 17 datasets had prevalence data and eight datasets had data on the mean titer of anti‐H. pylori IgG. The pooled prevalence of H. pylori was 44.1% (908/2606) in the MS patients and 46.1% (1016/2200) in the controls, indicating a non‐significant protective effect of H. pylori on MS (OR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.58–1.17). In the subgroup analysis, studies that used ELISA yielded a significant protective association (OR, 0.59; 95%CI, 0.46–0.77), while a positive non‐significant association (OR, 1.33; 95%CI, 0.83–2.15) was found from studies that used other serological methods; interestingly, a significant positive association (OR, 6.64; 95%CI, 2.40–13.76) was found from studies that used histological methods to detect H. pylori infection.ConclusionsOur findings do not support the hypothesis that H. pylori infection represents a protective factor against the development of MS; however, the results varied depending on the diagnostic method(s). Particularly, a significant positive association was identified when studies introduced results based on histological examination, suggesting that active H. pylori infection might be a risk factor for development of MS. Thus, further studies are needed utilizing accurate diagnostic methods to elucidate the association between active H. pylori infection and MS.