bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worries during the COVID-19 pandemic – which were the most prevalent and disturbing?
Authors: Manão A. , Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Amaral A.P. , Soares M.J. , Macedo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional worries and challenges to people’s lives, with potential implications for psychological well-being.ObjectivesTo understand which worries and life changes have affected most the Portuguese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyse which contents are associated with higher levels of repetitive negative thinking/RNT and psychological distress/PD.MethodsIn September-December 2020, 413 Portuguese adults (69.2% female; Mean age= 31.02±14.272) were asked one open questions, with reference to the COVID-19 pandemic period: “what was your biggest worry?”; the answers were independently categorized by two researchers. Participants also filled the validated Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire.ResultsThe most prevalent worries were about: 1) fear of contamination (oneself and others-48.7%; 2) physical and mental health and well-being (self and others)-27.2%; 3) studies and profession-13.3%; 4) uncertainty about the future-7.7%; 5) economic-financial issues-6.5%; 6) miscellaneous-3.3%; 7) no worries-0.7%. Participants who had worries of the theme 4 had the highest RNT and PD mean scores, followed by themes 3 and 5, and then themes 2 and 1. These thematic groups significantly (p<.01) differ between each other (except 3-5) and from the other groups. RNT was a significant predictor of PD (R2=37.0%, β=.609, p<.001).ConclusionsPeople who worry about the future uncertainties, occupational activities and finances should be systematically assessed with regard to their levels of anxiety, depression and stress and they can learn to deal with the RNT as a way to reduce their psychological suffering in times of pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Burnout or anxiety?! A medical trial regarding resident doctors in a first line University Hospital during COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Sapaniuc C. , Lacatusu G. , Mihai I. , Rascanu M. , Bran D. , Manciuc D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported as a worldwide emergency. Due to the extensiveness of spread and death, it has been declared as a pandemic.ObjectivesTo highlight how COVID-19 pandemic psycho-emotional affects the medical staff of a frontline University Hospital in the “battle” with new coronavirus.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional survey of 71 resident doctors from a frontline Hospital after a one-year pandemic and analyzed the prevalence and associated factors with work-related psychological distress among our study group.ResultsOut of the hospital resident doctors, 71 participated and completed the questionnaire, offering an overall response rate of 100%. The majority of participants were women (86% - 61). The average age was 29 years. Most respondents were unmarried. A total of 67% of participants were non-smokers, 5% stated that they occasionally consumed alcohol, none of them used drugs. As a result of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data, aspects related to anxiety (21.12% - 15), exhaustion (15.49% - 11), and depression (11.26% - 8) are highlighted. In our study, no people were identified who would reach extreme exhaustion in the work process, due to good resilience and due to a well thought out program of work and rest during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe psychological pressure at work, as well as the one felt after limiting and restricting mobility for shorter or longer periods, had an impact on the psycho-emotional state of health care workers, requiring further psychological reassessments and psychological support.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Education and Training in Psychiatry: Challenges and Consequences of the Last Two Years, Future Perspectives and Actions Needed
Authors: Başar K. 
Published: September 2022

Pandemic-related extraordinary work burden on all healthcare professionals had a greater toll on younger colleagues, especially residents in diverse medical fields. Although psychiatry residents’ degree of engagement in COVID-19 related services depends on the state’s and institution’s management of the crisis, it has often led to a significant interruption in the schedule of the training requirements. This interruption also was a consequence of the change in provision of the psychiatric services during the pandemic, such as a decrease in the size of the inpatient clinics, lower number o patients in the outpatient services, fewer ECT. These changes made it more difficult to fulfill the training requirement, which was adopted in some countries. Even when the tasks related to the training were accomplished the quality was difficult to determine. Furthermore, most of the educational activities were switched to online format due to pandemic-related precautions, a change that persists in some activities. Psychiatry education and training, not only postgraduate but also during medical school, requires observation and direct engagement. The switch from face-to-face to online in psychiatry training, including supervision, and service provision constituted a major challenge in psychiatry education. This required further adaptations by the teaching staff as well as the trainees, in their methods of teaching, learning, and interaction. The assessments of competencies presented another challenge for the psychiatry training. Despite all, the introduction of online education provided increased diversity in resources and in some situations increased access. Some challenges required modifications, whereas some beneficial changes are there to maintain.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Predictive value of body composition and core symptoms in schizophrenia for cardiorespiratory fitness: CORTEX-SP study
Authors: Tous-Espelosin M. , Iriarte Yoller N. , Pavón C. , Sanchez P.M. , Sampedro A. , Maldonado-Martín S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can be directly measured and assessed by the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) or estimated from different field tests as the Modified Shuttle Walking Test (MSWT). The CRF in schizophrenia (SP) population may be altered due to sex, age, body composition and core symptoms variables. However, the extent to which each domain influences CRF in this pathology is still unknown.ObjectivesTo analyze the predictive value of body composition and core symptoms in SP for CRF.MethodsParticipants (N = 144, 41.7 ± 10.3 yr old) with SP were assessed with (1) body mass index and fat percentage; (2) upright bicycle ergometer using an incremental ramp protocol and the MSWT; and (3) positive and negative symptoms of the disease [“Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale” (PANSS) and “The Brief Negative Symptom Scale” (BNSS)]. In the Stepwise Multiple Regression analyses, those variables which correlated (Spearman’s Rho) significantly with each CFR scores were includedResultsLower negative symptoms (P<0.001) and positive PANSS (P=0.035) predicted V̇O2peak (L·min−1) (R2=28.3%). Lower negative symptoms (P<0.001), positive PANSS (P=0.006) and fat body mass (P<0.001) explained V̇O2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) (R2=46.5%). MSWT was predicted (R2=58.9%) by lower negative symptoms (P=0.001), body mass (P<0.001) and total PANSS (P=0.004).ConclusionsIn patients with SP significantly higher CRF was detected in those with lower negative and positive symptoms, as well as lower body mass. Exercise interventions for improving CRF should be promoting in this population for a better control of core symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Multivitamin, mineral, and n-3 PUFA supplementation to reduce aggression among long-stay psychiatric inpatients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: De Bles N. , Rius-Ottenheim N. , Van Hemert A. , Giltay E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAggression and violent incidents are a major concern in psychiatric inpatient care. Nutritional supplementation was found to reduce aggressive incidents and rule violations in forensic populations and in children with behavioral problems.ObjectivesTo assess whether multivitamin, mineral, and n-3 PUFA supplementation would reduce the number of aggressive incidents among long-stay psychiatric inpatients.MethodsThe trial was a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Data were collected from 25 July 2016 through 29 October 2019 at 8 local sites for mental healthcare in the Netherlands and Belgium. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive either three supplements containing multivitamins, minerals, and n-3 PUFA or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the number of aggressive incidents using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS-R). Secondary outcomes were the patients’ quality of life, affective symptoms, and adverse events.ResultsIn total, 176 participants were randomized (supplements, n = 87; placebo, n = 89). Participants were on average 49.3 years old (SD = 14.5), and 64.2% were male. Most patients had a psychotic disorder (60.8%). The primary outcome of SOAS-R incidents was similar in those assigned to supplements (1.03 incidents per month; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-1.37) and placebo (0.90; 95% CI: 0.65-1.19), with a rate ratio of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.67-1.74; p = .75). Differential effects were not found in sensitivity analyses on the SOAS-R or on secondary outcomes.ConclusionsSix months of nutritional supplementation did not reduce aggressive incidents among long-stay psychiatric inpatients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Long-term Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Fuchs-Leitner I. , Rosenleitner J. , Gerstgrasser N. , Yazdi K. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionVulnerable groups like patients suffering from alcohol use disorders (AUD) are expected to be particularly affected by the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a prior study (N=127), we found that psychosocial COVID-19 factors and living alone elevated the probability for relapse during the initial stage of the pandemic, whereas long-term effects on mental health have yet to be investigated.ObjectivesHere we aimed to investigate the risk of PTSD, as well as levels and developments in depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with AUD.MethodsData was collected from a clinical sample of patients with AUD (N=136) in late 2020 and early 2021. PTSD symptoms due to the pandemic were assessed using an adapted version of the impact of event scale (IES-R). Levels in clinical symptoms were collected on the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and changes since the onset of the pandemic were assessed additionally.ResultsThe high-risk PTSD-group showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, and reported more severe deteriorations in these symptoms, when compared to the low-risk group. A binary logistic regression model revealed psychological and social aspects of the pandemic to increase the probability for PTSD, whereas sociodemographic and other COVID-19 related factors showed no significant effects.ConclusionsAbout 30% of patients with AUD indicated an elevated risk of PTSD due to the pandemic, as well as deteriorations in levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These concerning findings should be especially considered in current and future treatment settings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The organisational climate of NHS Early Intervention Services (EIS) for psychosis: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Csipke E. , Lammas F. , Phillips A. , Dopson S. , Joyce E. , Wykes T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCognitive remediation (CR) therapy for psychosis significantly improves recovery but is yet to be widely implemented in UK National Health Service and it is likely to be of greatest value if implemented early. Organisational climate within teams in the health services is one factor likely to affect CR implementation into Early Intervention Services (EIS), that serve those with a first episode.ObjectivesTo understand the organisational climate within UK NHS EIS and the barriers and facilitators for the introduction of CR.MethodsWe conducted semi structured interviews with 42 EIS members of four teams in four NHS Mental Heath Trusts.ResultsThere were differences between teams, including involvement in decision making, leadership style, and willingness to adopt CR. Resource shortages were considered the main implementation barrier across all teams. The evidence for CR benefits and the recognition of a clinical need was the main facilitator. Teams with more democratic leadership, involving all team members in decision making, and knowledge of both the evidence base and need for CR, may feel better able to successfully incorporate it into their service.ConclusionsEngaging team members in the implementation process through cooperative and consultative decision-making can stimulate a flattened hierarchical structure, empowering staff to overcome existing and new NHS pressures and effectively deliver evidence-based care. The consideration of local conditions and organisational micro-climates mediate the successful implementation of new interventions and is needed in addition to generic, context-free variables such as resources before new interventions can be introduced.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
COVID-19, Telemedicine and Emergency Department Referrals: Patient Presentations and Follow-up Times to a Community Mental Health Team
Authors: Zubir M. , Costello J. , Ali A. , Erwins C. , Cheasty M. , Judge L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused changes to how healthcare services are utilised and delivered.ObjectivesWe examine the impact of COVID-19 on the pattern of emergency patient presentations referred on to the community mental health team and the impact of utilising telemedicine on time to follow-up.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all clinical records of patients currently attending our service. We identified presentations to the emergency department (N=119) who were subsequently referred on for mental health follow-up.ResultsPatients being referred to our team from emergency departments were significantly younger during, mean age 33.1 years (SD=12.3) compared to before the pandemic, mean age 40.0 years (SD=14.5), p=0.006 and a higher proportion were new patients during, 55.8%, compared to pre-pandemic period 33.3%, p=0.015. There was also a higher proportion of patients presenting with suicidal ideation and lower proportions of affective, psychosis and suicidal/self-injurious acts during the pandemic period compared to before, p=0.006. The ratio of female to male patients on the other hand were similar during both periods, p=0.853. There appeared to be no difference in median time to follow-up pre and during the pandemic (6.0 vs 5.5 days, p=0.995). Further analysis also found no significant impact on time to follow-up upon implementing telemedicine consultations, with median days to initial follow-up of 6 days pre-pandemic, 4.5 days during pandemic + prior to telemedicine and 6.5 days during pandemic + telemedicine, p=0.602.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary data on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health emergency presentations and utilization of telemedicine on time to follow-up by CMHTs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
No Consistent Evidence for Brain Volumetric Correlates of Resilience in Two Independent Cohort Studies
Authors: Cortes Hidalgo A. , Tiemeier H. , Bakermans‑Kranenburg M. , White T. , Banaschewski T. , Van Ijzendoorn M. , Holz N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionChildhood adversities have been associated with long-lasting brain morphological differences and poor psychological outcomes over the lifespan. Evidence with regard to protective factors counteracting the detrimental effect of childhood adversity on neurobiology is scarce.ObjectivesTherefore, we examined the interplay of childhood adversity with multiple protective factors in relation to brain morphology in a child and an adult cohort.MethodsWe analyzed data from two epidemiological longitudinal birth cohorts, the Generation R Study (N=3,008) and the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS) (N=179). Cumulative exposure to 12 adverse events (such as physical and sexual abuse), and the presence of protective factors, including child temperament, cognition, self-esteem, friendship quality and maternal sensitivity were assessed at different time points during childhood. Anatomical scans were acquired at the ages of 9-11 years in Generation R and at 25 years in MARS.ResultsChildhood adversity was related to smaller global brain volumes in Generation R, with similar effect sizes observed for the cerebellar volume in MARS. While small interaction effects between adversity and protective factors were found on the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the cerebellum and the amygdala in either cohort study, no interactions were consistent across cohorts or survived correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsWe found no consistent or strong evidence for interaction effects between multiple protective factors and childhood adversities on brain structure in a child and an adult cohort study. Instead, small interaction effects were found in either children or adults warranting further investigation and more fine-grained analyses.DisclosureTB:consultancy for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Novartis, Shire; conference support by Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Shire; clinical trials by Shire and Viforpharma; royalties by Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press
Impact of temperament on mental illness stigma among medical students
Authors: Brahmi L. , Amemou B. , Adouni A. , Mhalla A. , Gaha L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMental illness stigma is the most significant obstacle impeding the wellbeing of individuals with such conditions. Thus, research on determinants of mental illness stigma may be of crucial importance in avoiding these attitudes. Affective temperaments are thought to be present in up to 20% of the healthy general population. However, there are very few studies addressing the relationship between temperament and mental health-related stigma.ObjectivesEvaluate attitudes and behavioral responses of medical students towards individuals with a mental illness. Explore factors associated with stigma including temperament.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among students in medical universities.All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform.Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA). Students were also asked to complete the TEMPS-A Scale.ResultsThe sample consisted of 1028 respondents (9.3% of the total population). Females represented 78,3% of the study sample. A dominant affective temperament was found in 17% of the cases under study, represented mainly by depressive and irritable temperaments. Bivariate correlations performed to assess the association between temperament and mental illness stigma revealed that a positive relationship was identified between the MICA scale and hyperthymic temperament( p=0,04). There were no significant associations between the other type of temperaments and The MICA scale.ConclusionsStudents’ temperament should be considered in developing anti-stigma programs in undergraduate education. Further researches should be undertaken to disentangle the complex relationship among demographic features, personality traits, and attitudes toward people with a mental illness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Resting-state EEG networks characterized by intramodular and global hyperconnectivity in depressive sample
Authors: Komarova A. , Kiselnikov A. , Yurlova M. , Slovenko E. , Tan I. , Mitiureva D. , Kabanova P. , Terlichenko E. , Zubko V. , Shcherbakova E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression is characterized by a pattern of specific changes in the network organization of brain functioning.ObjectivesWe researched a graph structure specificity in a depressive student sample by analyzing resting-state EEG. All possible combinations of graph metrics, frequency bands, and sensors/sources levels of networks were examined.MethodsWe recorded resting-state EEG in fourteen participants with high Beck Depression Inventory score (24.4 ± 9.7; 20.4 ± 1.5 y.o.; 14 females; 1 left-handed) and fourteen participants with a low score (6.8 ± 3.7; 21.3 ± 2.0 y.o.; 8 females; 1 left-handed). We applied weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) to construct functional networks at sensors and sources levels and computed characteristic path length (CPL), clustering coefficient (CC), index of modularity (Q), small-world index (SWI) in 4-8, 8-13, 13-30, and 4-30 Hz frequency bands. We used Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.05) to investigate between-group differences in the graph metrics.ResultsThe depressive sample was characterized by increased CC and Q in the 4-30 Hz band networks and decreased CPL in the beta-band network (sensors-level for CPL and CC, and sources-level for Q).ConclusionsElevated CC and Q may relate to an increase of intramodular connectivity, and CPL reduction reflects the global connectivity increasing. We hypothesize that intramodular hyperconnectivity could explain the rise of global functional connectivity in participants with depressive symptoms. Funding: This research has been supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University ‘Brain, Cognitive Systems, Artificial Intelligence’.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Syrian refugees increased after long-distance migration
Authors: Eiset A.H. , Aoun M. , Stougaard M. , Gottlieb A. , Haddad R. , Frydenberg M. , Naja W. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRefugees are forced migrants but there is a large variation in the distance that refugees cover and there is a knowledge gap on how this may affect refugees’ health and health care needs.ObjectivesHerein, we investigate the association between long-distance migration and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychiatric disorder associated with deteriorating mental and somatic health and highly prevalent in refugees.MethodsIncluded were 712 adult Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Lebanon and Denmark arriving no more than 12 months prior to inclusion. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess PTSD and the estimate of association was obtained by multiply imputing missing data and adjusting for confounding by propensity score-weighting with covariates age, sex, socioeconomic status, trauma experience, and WHO-5-score, reporting the bootstrap 95-percentile confidence interval (95% CI). Additionally, a number of sensitivity analysis were carried out.ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD was high in both Lebanon (55%) and Denmark (60%) and long-distance migration was associated with a 9 percentage point (95% CI [-1; 19]) increase in the prevalence of PTSD among newly arrived Syrian refugees and asylum-seekers.ConclusionsIn the present study the prevalence of PTSD increased after long-distance migration which may support considering “long-distance migration” in refugee health screenings and in particular when assessing the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. This is a first step in examining the health effects of migration on refugee health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.