bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of whole body plethysmography for assessment of pulmonary function in patients with asthma and obesity
Authors: Ignatova G. L. , Rodionova O. V. , Makarova E. A. 
Published: August 2022

The incidence of asthma and obesity is constantly increasing. It is commonly acknowledged that obesity can make asthma more severe and poorly controlled. Conventional spirometry, despite of being a “gold standard” in diagnostics of lung diseases, cannot provide information on residual lung volume and bronchial resistance, which can be a key to understanding the mechanics of spirometric deviations found in asthma-obesity phenotype.The aim. To evaluate pulmonary function in patients with asthma and obesity by non-invasive and safe clinical method – body plethysmography.Methods. 46 women with asthma were enrolled into the study, of which 21 were obese and 25 had normal body weight. 18 women with obesity and 20 women with normal body weight were selected as controls. All the patients were postmenopausal. Body plethysmography was performed with MasterScreen Body device, CareFusion, Germany.Results. Asthma is associated with a decrease in forced vital lung capacity and an increase in residual volume. Also, Gensler index and peak expiration flows at 25, 50, and 75% expiration were decreased. Interestingly, specific effective resistance in patients with asthma without obesity was 30 – 40% higher than in the control group. In patients with asthma and obesity, specific effective resistance was 2,5 times higher than in the control group. Residual volume and bronchial resistance were found to have a strong positive correlation.Conclusion. despite of similar spirometric changes, only asthma in obesity was marked by an increase of specific bronchial resistance. This finding can be related to higher energy load of breathing process in obese asthma.
Difficulties in differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction and asthma
Authors: Glotov S. I. , Bhar F. M. , Ponomareva I. B. , Uryasev O. M. , Zhukova L. A. 
Published: August 2022

Aim. Differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and asthma.Methods. 105 patients with partially controlled asthma were examined. We used specific examinations for VCD: psychological scales , questionnaires for monitoring symptoms of VCD, transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy, conventional and electronic lung auscultation with the analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of wheezing in the chest and in the region of the larynx on the left and right. Spirometry was performed using Vitalograph ALPHA spirometer (England). The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included patients with asthma; group 2 included patients with asthma and VCD (asthma-plus syndrome); group 3 included patients with VCD.Results. Conventional auscultation revealed wheezing over the lungs with a decrease in its intensity on the neck surface in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, the maximal wheezing was observed on the anterior surface of the neck and less intense wheezing was heard over the lungs. Electronic auscultation found mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs and over the larynx in group 1; high-pitched wheezing over the larynx and mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs in groups 2 and 3. Score of dyspnea according to the Borg scale was highest in the asthma-plus group – 4,8 (5,2 – 6,5) points, and lowest in the 1st group – 4,2 (3,7 – 4,9) points. The sensation of wheezing is maximal in VCD – 7,1 (6,5 – 7,9) points. The scores of symptoms of VCD were strongly correlated with the intensity of wheezing, dyspnea, and AFC of wheezing. Spirometry was close to normal in the group of patients with VCD; obstructive disorders were noted in groups 1 and 2. Transnasal laryngoscopy demonstrated paradoxical movement of the vocal cords during inspiration in groups 2 and 3. The triggers of episodes of VCD in the subjects were numerous; vocal loads predominated. Specific treatment of VCD in groups 2 and 3 improved the respiratory performance significantly.Conclusion. The primary diagnosis of asthma cannot be made without an examination for VCD. Psychological questionnaires and VCD questionnaires should be used. It is important to use electronic auscultation over the larynx for diagnosis. Correction of treatment in accordance with VCD in patients with asthma can significantly reduce the doses of inhaled and oral corticosteroids.
Smoke-related interstitial fibrosis – a case report
Authors: Samsonova M. V. , Mikhailichenko K. Yu. , Cherniaev A. L. , Chernyak A. V. , Karchevskaya N. A. 
Published: August 2022

Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is a recently described disease which is common finding in a long-term cigarette smokers.Aim. To acquaint readers with relatively unknown interstitial disease. We describe a case of a smoking patient with a long smoking history and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and lung who complained of an unproductive cough, sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty in nasal breathing, and shortness of breath during exercise. Obstructive disorders, lung hyperinflation, and a severe decrease in diffusion capacity reflected the signs of severe emphysema in combination with fibrotic changes found by high resolution computed tomography (CT). X-ray picture and characteristic histological changes made it possible to diagnose SRIF.Conclusion. Diagnostics of the disease should be based on CT-signs, histologic picture and functional data. The prognosis is relatively favorable.
Evaluating the efficacy of urinary trypsinogen-2 Dipstick test in diagnosing acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tamang Manita , Sethy Manoj Kumar , Soren Dhirendra Nath , Subedhi Jaganath , Krishna M Sivarama 
Published: August 2022

Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a very common cause of acute abdomen in emergency department. The disease may vary from mild self-limiting symptoms to multi organ failure and has high mortality rate. Although most of the cases are treated by mild symptomatic treatment but severe cases require intensive monitoring, so early diagnosis and goal directed treatment is very essential to reduce mortality and morbidity of disease. The present study aims to know the efficacy of urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test in early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The prospective study sample included 98 patients who were presented to emergency department of Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College & Hospital (MKCGMCH), Berhampur between August 2018 and July 2020 with acute severe pain abdomen suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Urine sample were obtained and results were recorded. Blood sample of all the patients were sent for serum amylase, lipase. Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 dipstick test, based on principle of immunochromatographic, was done at the time of admission and serum amylase and lipase were sent for all patients. Serum Lipase was done through Calorimetric Method and Serum Amylase was done through Coupled Enzymatic Assay Method. Ultrasonography (USG) and Contrast-Enhanced Computed tomography (CECT) abdomen were sent after 4-5 days of admission and final diagnosis was made on the basis of CECT report. Of 98 patients, 47 cases were final diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis. Sensitivity and specificity of Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 was found to be 91.48% and 94.11% respectively and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was found to be 93.47% and 92.30% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Serum Amylase was found to be 76.5%, 74.5%, 74.5% and 74.5% respectively and similarly, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was found to be 80.85%, 72.5%, 73.1% and 80.4% respectively. Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 Dipstick test has high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV and therefore can be used reliably in emergency setting for diagnosis and thereby start a goal directed treatment and thus, reduce the mortality and morbidity of the disease.
A study of histopathological analysis and clinico-pathological correlation of leprosy in urban industrial area
Authors: Sawaimul Komal D , Kambale Tushar , Jain Kanika , Gore C R 
Published: August 2022

Leprosy is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with a prevalence rate corresponded to 0.2/10000. Skin and peripheral nerves are mainly affected exhibiting spectrum of clinical and histopathological features based on the immunological status of the individual. The diagnosis is made from adequate clinical information combined with histopathology. The aim of study to asses the clinical and histopathological features and there correlation in diagnosing the cases of leprosy.A cross-sectional study of 2 years was conducted on 99 cases of skin biopsies histopathologically diagnosed with leprosy. Adequate clinical history was obtained and biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and modified Fite Faraco stain. A clinicopathological correlation was then attempted along with statistical analysis. Out of the total 99 leprosy cases, maximum cases (34.34%) belonged to third decade of life with Male to Female ratio of 1.75:1. About 58.59% of the total cases of leprosy showed decreased sensations and nerve thickening was seen in 79.80% cases. Clinically, 45.46% lesions were erythematous plaques. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy (31.68%) was the most frequently diagnosed subtype of leprosy. Evaluation of agreement and correlation between clinical and histopathological classification of leprosy showed an overall agreement of 57.57%. Correlation was more in stable poles i.e. TT tuberculoid pole (TT) and lepromatous pole (LL). Leprosy is still a prevalent disease which raises the concern about therapeutic approaches and various health programmes. It may not have a classical clinical picture always. Many factors contribute in clinicopathological discordance. Hence, diagnostic efficacy can be improved by clinic- histopathological corroboration which includes morphological examination of the skin lesion along with proper clinical history and correlation of these findings with histopathological examination findings.
Role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in evaluation of leucoerythroblastic blood picture
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Hans Deepa , Naz Navneet 
Published: August 2022

Leucoerythroblastosis was considered as a circulating expression of haematological and non-haematological malignancies. However many benign conditions are also associated with leucoerythroblastosis such as hemolytic anaemia, marked infections and congestive cardiac failure, etc. So the study was performed to determine the various causes of leucoerythroblastic blood picture on bone marrow examination. The current retrospective diagnostic analytical study was performed in the hematology section of post graduate department of pathology over a period of one year. 80 patients with leucoerythroblastic picture on peripheral blood film (PBF), who were subjected to bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy were included in the study. The findings were documented on a predefined performa and results tabulated.Majority of cases were seen in 21-30 years age group (25%) with male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Non-neoplastic disorders accounted for majority of cases (65%) while neoplastic lesions were seen in 35% cases. Megaloblastic anaemia was the commonest neo-neoplastic etiology while acute leukemia was the commonest neoplastic disorder in the present study.Leucoerythroblastosis represents disordered marrow function and is reflected in PBF. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy help in establishing early diagnosis and management of the underlying condition.
A clinical study of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in myopia-An observational study
Authors: Swain Suresh Chandra , Mohapatra Sumita , Jena Debasmita 
Published: August 2022

The Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma causing irreversible blindness. Myopia is one of the risk factor responsible for pathogenesis of glaucoma. The association between myopia and primary open angle glaucoma has been found in numerous case studies. The aim of the study to evaluate the relationship of myopia in primary open-angle glaucoma by classifying the eyes into low, moderate and high myopia.This prospective study was performed on 1414 axial myopic patients more &#62; 18 years. Clinical examination included, slit-lamp biomicriscopy, Goldman applanation tonometry, refraction, dilated optic disc assessment, central corneal thickness, visual field analysis and optical coherence tonography.Out of 1414 patients, 769(54.38%) were male and 645(45.62%) were female. Low myopia (&#60;-3D) cases are 938(66.32%), moderate myopia (-3D to -D) 309(21.88%), high myopia (&#62;-6D), 107(11.8%). Maximum number of cases were in younger age group (20-30 years). Intraoccular Pressure &#62; 21mmHg in 143 cases of low myopia, 78 cases in moderate myopia, 72 cases in high myopia. There were 138 cases with glaucomatous field changes. Out of 138 cases 86(62.32%) were high myopia, 35(25.36%) were moderate myopia and 17(10.8%) cases were low myopia. The CUP-DISC ratio &#60;0.5 in 75.95% cases, 0.5-&#60;0.9 in 20.37% cases, &#62;0.9 in 3.68% cases. The average values of circumpapilary Nerve Fiber Layer thickness in micrometer of low myopia, moderate myopia, high myopia, with non-glaucomatous cases were 98.9, 97.3, 93.5 and with glaucomatous cases, 74.4, 73.7 and 73.3 respectively. The average values of Ganglion Cell Complex thickness in micrometer in low, moderate and high myopia without glaucoma were 94.9, 93.5, 92.7 and with glaucoma 77.3, 74.6, 70.2 respectively. This study shows there is strong relationship between myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma. Early detection of glaucoma in myopic patients is necessary in delaying blindness.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a comorbidity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manjeri, Kerala
Authors: Balan Prejeesh , Kumar Santhosh 
Published: August 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a comorbidity among pulmonary tuberculosis patients is less studied in south India. To determine the proportion of Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manjeri Tuberculosis Unit who have COPD as a co-morbidity. Study design -Cross sectional study. Study setting -Manjeri Tuberculosis unit of Malapuram district. Study population -All diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered in the Manjeri Tuberculosis unit of Malapuram district. Sample size-178 patients satisfying inclusion criteria. Study tools- Questionnaire – A structured questionnaire used for collecting the basic demographic data and patient characteristics. COPD screener tool to be applied at the start of treatment. Pulmonary function test at end of intensive phase in patients or when patients are sputum smear negative, whichever is later. Of the total 181 persons who participated in the study 114[62.98%] were males. 35[19.34%] were smokers. 70 persons reported to have some form of chronic respiratory illness in the past. By using the COPD screener tool, 70 persons [38.89%] had score from 5 to 10 implying that they had high chance of having COPD. Spirometry was done for 174 persons. 31(17.81%) persons showed evidence of obstructive airway disease. The prevalence of COPD among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 17.81%. In a high tuberculosis burden country like India, more studies are needed to find out how COPD in tuberculosis patients adversely affects the disease progression, morbidity, and mortality.
Comparative study of ECG profile changes in healthy smokers and non-smokers
Authors: N Srikanth , Kumar Abhinav 
Published: August 2022

The nicotine present in the cigarette smoke induces conduction block, acts as a cardiac A-type potassium channels blockers and increase the ventricular fibril formation which also changes the cardiac electric impulses usually assessed via electrocardiogram (ECG). The present study aims to evaluate and compare the ECG profile change in seemingly fit smokers and non-smokers.The present study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, for two years involved 148 patients evaluated for different parameters heart rate, the PR interval, QRS complex QTc (corrected QT interval) using a 12 lead ECG. P-value &#60; 0.05 denotes statistical significance. All the patients were male and the mean age was comparable in non-smoking group (NS) vs smoking group (S) (29.26±5.90 vs. 30.42±6.19 years; p=0.244). Mean systolic (127.43 ± 7.29 (S) vs. 123.03 ± 6.96 (NS) mm Hg; p&#60;0.001) and diastolic BP (80.08 ± 5.15 (S) vs. 77.32 ± 5.76 (NS) mm Hg; p=0.003) were significantly high in smokers. Prolonged QTc interval was noted in 47.30% of the individuals of group S (p&#60;0.001). The mean pulse, QTi, and QTc were significantly high in group S (p&#60;0.001) while the mean respiratory rate (RR) interval was significantly low (p&#60;0.001). There was an increasing trend in terms of pulse, QTi, and QTc based upon increased smoking index while PR interval was significantly high in mild smokers compared to moderate and heavy smokers (p&#60;0.001).Smokers show abnormalities in the ECG profile that may eventually increase the risk of incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Dermal ridge patterns of palms of children with congenital heart diseases in comparison to normal children: A case control study
Authors: C Shivaleela , GV Kumar , ST Chethan , S Lakshmiprabha 
Published: August 2022

The dermatoglyphic patterns of dermal ridges that constitute human fingerprint are formed during the early intra‑uterine life, between 7th and 21st week of gestation and mature at about seventh month of fetal development. Dermatoglyphics, once matured, remain unchanged throughout the life of an individual and are not influenced either by environmental or by age‑related factors. The heart and cardiovascular system develop between 4th weeks to 4th month of intrauterine life. So, any defect in heart development by any reason may affect development of dermal ridges.To study and compare the quantitative parameters of palmar dermatoglyphics of normal children with those of congenital heart diseases. It was a case control study conducted at Basaveshwara Hospital, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga and Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology, Bangalore. Children having congenital heart diseases (cyanotic and acyanotic) proven by echo-cardiography. Children with doubtful congenital heart diseases, Children with acquired heart diseases, Children with deformities of the hand. It is a Case-control study consisting 100 congenital heart disease patients and 100 controls. The atd angle in right and left hand, a-b ridge count in right and left hand of congenital heart disease children were significantly increased when compared to the normal children with p-value &#60; 0.001. Distribution of Simian crease and Sydney line is statistically similar in two groups of children with p=1.000 Dermatoglyphics can be used as a predictive indicator about congenital cardiac diseases in population studies, easy to carry out with minimum time and expenses.
A study of critical value analysis at hematology and biochemistry sections of laboratory in a multispeciality hospital
Authors: H.V Shubha 
Published: August 2022

The issue of laboratory critical value (CV) reporting has gained importance in the recent times due to the national focus on patient safety. Critical value notification (CVN) has become an essential part of accreditation procedures for medical laboratories, including the universally accepted International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189: 2012. Our study aimedto analyze the critical value data in hematology and biochemistry sections of the laboratory, to compare the frequencies of critical values for different parameters and to suggest measures for improving the effectiveness and operational efficiency of the critical value notification process.Our study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study done over a period of one year six months (January 2020 to June 2021). The parameters chosen for CVN included platelets, hemoglobin and International Normalized Ratio (INR) from hematology section and creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium from the biochemistry section. A test result that was significantly outside the normal range and that required immediate communication was considered as a “critical value (CV)”. Both verbal (through telephone) and non-verbal [through short message service (SMS)] communication processes for CVN were implemented in our lab. We also followed the practice of CV “read-back” by the person who was informed over the phone. A total of 2199 critical values were reported. A maximum of 1224 (55.7%) critical values were recorded from the emergency department. CVs were highest from biochemistry (1898, 86.3%) section. Analyte most commonly notified was creatinine (1151, 52.3%). CVNs were maximum in the morning shifts (1378, 62.7%).Implementation of the critical alert short message service (SMS) send outs has greatly helped us in reducing the CV turn around time (TAT). Our study has successfully demonstrated the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication processes for notification of CVs.
ОГЛЯД МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИНТЕЗУ ШИРОКОСМУГОВИХ РОЗПОДІЛЕНИХ УЗГОДЖУВАЛЬНИХ ПРИСТРОЇВ
Authors: Козловський Валерій Валерійович , Мартинюк Ганна , Яковів І. 
Published: August 2022

Останнім часом значно зріс інтерес до математичного та програмного забезпечення проектування розподілених пристроїв. Головним чином це пов'язано з необхідністю проектування надшвидкісних систем передачі інформації, коли довжина хвилі, яка відповадіє переданій інформації, стає співмірною з розмірами використовуваних електричних ланцюгів і традиційними методами проектування користуватися стало важко або взагалі неможливо. Дана обставина вимагає знаходження нових підходів до розробки математичного і програмного забезпечення проектування надвисокочастотних пристроїв. З появою надвисокочастотних гібридних інтегральних мікросхем машинне проектування стало одним з головних етапів розробки надвисокочастотних ланцюгів: фільтрів, пристроїв узгодження, коригувальних ланцюгів, суматорів, подільників потужності тощо. Процес розробки таких пристроїв особливо ускладнився останнім часом через появу різноманітних активних і пасивних надвисокочастотних елементів, зростання складності нових систем і необхідності більш точного проектування.
У статті здійснено аналітичний огляд математичного забезпечення синтезу узгоджувальних ланцюгів при комплексних навантаженнях і розглянути питання застосування результатів теорії узгодження зосереджених ланцюгів до побудови широкосмугових узгоджувальних розподілених ланцюгів на основі неоднорідних ліній передачі. Показано, що вибором залежності хвильового опору від координати можна в широкому діапазоні частот домогтися еквівалентності зосередженого і розподіленого ланцюга. Це дає можливість використовувати результати теорії узгодження зосереджених ланцюгів при проектуванні розподілених узгоджувальних пристроїв НВЧ