bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters in Fusarium Specific Mycoparasite Sphaerodes mycoparasitica during Biotrophic Mycoparasitism
Authors: Kim Seon Hwa , Vujanovic Vladimir 
Published: August 2022

Recent transcriptomic profiling has revealed importance membrane transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in fungal necrotrophic mycoparasites. In this study, RNA-Seq allowed rapid detection of ABC transcripts involved in biotrophic mycoparasitism of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica against the phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenic Fusarium graminearum host, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Transcriptomic analyses of highly expressed S. mycoparasitica genes, and their phylogenetic relationships with other eukaryotic fungi, portrayed the ABC transporters’ evolutionary paths towards biotrophic mycoparasitism. Prior to the in silico phylogenetic analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm the formation of appressorium/haustorium infection structures in S. mycoparasitica during early (1.5 d and 3.5 d) stages of mycoparasitism. Transcripts encoding biotrophy-associated secreted proteins did uncover the enrolment of ABC transporter genes in this specific biocontrol mode of action, while tandem ABC and BUB2 (non-ABC) transcripts seemed to be proper for appressorium development. The next-generation HiSeq transcriptomic profiling of the mycoparasitic hypha samples, revealed 81 transcripts annotated to ABC transporters consisting of a variety of ABC-B (14%), ABC-C (22%), and ABC-G (23%), and to ABC-A, ABC-F, aliphatic sulfonates importer (TC 3.A.1.17.2), BtuF, ribose importer (TC 3.A.1.2.1), and unknown families. The most abundant transcripts belonged to the multidrug resistance exporter (TC 3.A.1.201) subfamily of the ABC-B family, the conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily of the ABC-C family, and the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily of the ABC-G family. These findings highlight the significance of ABC transporter genes that control cellular detoxification against toxic substances (e.g., chemical pesticides and mycotoxins) in sustaining a virulence of S. mycoparasitica for effective biotrophic mycoparasitism on the F. graminearum host. The findings of this study provide clues to better understand the biotrophic mycoparasitism of S. mycoparasitica interacting with the Fusarium host, which implies that the ABC transporter group of key proteins is involved in the mycoparasite’s virulence and multidrug resistance to toxic substances including cellular detoxification.
Como a Tecnologia Poderia ser Aplicada para a Análise Qualitativa com Base na Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory)?
Authors: Francislê Neri de Souza  , Dayse Neri de Souza  
Published: August 2022

A teoria fundamentada foi proposta na década de sessenta e, desde então, tem sido modificada e adaptada nas mais diferentes áreas de estudo e técnicas de análise qualitativa. Neste artigo, iremos propor a integração das tecnologias para a análise qualitativa mais eficaz com base nos procedimentos da teoria fundamentada (Grounded Theory, GT). Para isso, propomos a integração do software webQDA® para os procedimentos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva da GT entre várias vantagens operacionais e analítica. Assim, iremos apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre os fundamentos da teoria fundamentada e suas variações ao longo das últimas décadas. Depois introduziremos o software webQDA® e como ele pode ser usado em sete etapas transversais as várias necessidades analíticas que utilizam os pressupostos da GT: 1º) Preparação das fontes por ciclo de análise; 2º) Codificação Aberta; 3º) Codificação Axial, 4º) Codificação Seletiva; 5ª) Depuração da Codificação Aberta através da “Pesquisa das Palavras frequentes” e “Pesquisa de Texto”; 6º) Repetição dos Passos 3 e 4 para aprofundamento da Codificação; 7º) Triangulação da Informação com as matrizes. Embora não seja o foco deste artigo, estas etapas têm sido aplicadas em diversas investigações que integram a GT com apoio do software webQDA®.
DISPERSÃO URBANA E MODERNIZAÇÃO CAPITALISTA
Authors: Reis Nestor Goulart 
Published: August 2022

No Brasil, as formas características da urbanização são hoje as da dispersão. O processo ocorre no quadro das grandes mudanças demográficas e da modernização capitalista, nas regiões metropolitanas e sub-metropolitanas e em núcleos isolados de maior porte, que reúnem hoje cerca de 60% da população urbana do país.
Potency of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaves Methanol Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria of Catfish (Clarias batrachus L.)
Authors: Wibowo Risky Hadi , Darwis Welly , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Wahyuni Reza , Sari Dhea Amelia , Silvia Elsi , Adriansyah Aulia , Trianda Aldy , Setiawan Redo 
Published: August 2022

Ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L.) merupakan salah satu spesies penting sebagai komoditas air tawar di Indonesia dengan produksi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, ikan lele rentan terhadap beberapa infeksi bakteri, terutama bila dipelihara dalam kondisi kepadatan tinggi, salah satunya oleh bakteri patogen Bacillus cereus. Banyak sumber bahan baku lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan mengatasi penyakit yang muncul pada budidaya ikan, salah satunya adalah tanaman tradisional ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) yang merupakan tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai zat antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun ketapang (T. catappa L.) terhadap bakteri patogen B. cereus dari isolat hati ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L.) penyebab penyakit pada budidaya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu maserasi dengan pelarut metanol perbandingan 1:10 yang dimaserasi 7 x 24 jam. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode cakram difusi dengan konsentrasi 45%, 52,5%, 60%, 67,5%, dan 75%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun ketapang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri B. cereus pada konsentrasi 45% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 13,51 mm (kategori kuat). Dari hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketapang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen B. cereus penyebab penyakit pada hati ikan lele (C. batrachus L.)
What makes domain knowledge difficult? Word usage frequency from SUBTLEX and dlexDB explains knowledge item difficulty
Authors: Ludewig Ulrich , Alscher Pascal , Chen Xiaobin , McElvany Nele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe quality of tests in psychological and educational assessment is of great scholarly and public interest. Item difficulty models are vital to generating test result interpretations based on evidence. A major determining factor of item difficulty in knowledge tests is the opportunity to learn about the facts and concepts in question. Knowledge is mainly conveyed through language. Exposure to language associated with facts and concepts might be an indicator of the opportunity to learn. Thus, we hypothesize that item difficulty in knowledge tests should be related to the probability of exposure to the item content in everyday life and/or academic settings and therefore also to word frequency. Results from a study with 99 political knowledge test items administered to N = 250 German seventh (age: 11–14 years) and tenth (age: 15–18 years) graders showed that word frequencies in everyday settings (SUBTLEX-DE) explain variance in item difficulty, while word frequencies in academic settings (dlexDB) alone do not. However, both types of word frequency combined explain a considerable amount of the variance in item difficulty. Items with words that are more frequent in both settings and, in particular, relatively frequent in everyday settings are easier. High word frequencies and relatively higher word frequency in everyday settings could be associated with higher probability of exposure, conceptual complexity, and better readability of item content. Examining word frequency from different language settings can help researchers investigate test score interpretations and is a useful tool for predicting item difficulty and refining knowledge test items.
The Asteroseismology Analysis of 14 Solar-like Stars Based on TESS and LAMOST Observations
Authors: Gai Ning , Tang Yanke , Li Zhikai , Huang Yang , Dong Wenhui , Zhou Xiaoshuang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is performing a near all-sky survey for planets that transit bright stars. It provides excellent photometric data for asteroseismology of solar-like stars that exhibit oscillation by a convection-driven mechanism. In this paper, we analyze the light curves of 14 stars that are observed by TESS. These stars mainly focus on Sector 21 and the other Sectors intersecting with Sector 21. Through crossmatching with the LAMOST surveys, 14 stars with signals of solar-like oscillations are selected, and asteroseismic analysis is present. The frequency of maximum power

ν

max

and the large frequency separation Δν are extracted from its frequency power spectrum using the pySYD pipeline. Scaling relations are an attractive method that can easily and immediately be applied to observations to derive the stellar properties. To validate the different calibrated scaling relations for 14 TESS stars, the fundamental stellar properties are estimated by the relations and compared with grid-based modeling results, which use the constraints of global asteroseismic parameters and nonasteroseismic parameters. The new red-giant branch (RGB) scaling relations are found to overestimate the radius and mass when compared to the grid results, while the f
Δν
scaling relations lead to overall lower radius and mass estimates. The average uncertainties of these stars from grid modeling are within 2% in the radius and 3% in the mass. Regardless of the method, we can get almost equally good results of log g for all the stars. Besides the grid method, the new RGB scaling relations for ages provide a simple and accurate method to determine the stellar ages.
The Sensitivity to Change of the ASAS Health Index in an Observational Real-Life Cohort Study
Authors: Regierer Anne C. , Weiß Anja , Kiltz Uta , Sieper Joachim , Schwarze Ilka , Bohl-Bühler Martin , Kellner Herbert , Poddubnyy Denis , Zink Angela , Braun Jürgen , Listing Joachim , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) measures global functioning and health in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) covering domains of physical, emotional, and social functioning. The main aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity to change of ASAS HI in comparison with established variables of disease activity, function, and mental health.MethodsPatients with axSpA from the disease register RABBIT-SpA with follow-up time of at least 12 months and available ASAS HI questionnaires were included. Patients received questionnaires addressing disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI], Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS]), physical function (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index [BASFI]), mental health (5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index [WHO-5]), and global functioning (ASAS HI). Standardized response means (SRMs) were calculated to compare the sensitivity to change of different variables.ResultsSix hundred and sixty-seven patients were included, 552 treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and 115 with conventional synthetic DMARDs and/or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (control group). Between baseline and month 12, the mean ASAS HI declined from 6.9 to 5.1 in the bDMARD group and from 5.9 to 5.6 in the conventionally treated group. In the bDMARD group, the SRM of ASAS HI was 0.52, compared to 0.59 for BASFI, 0.65 for WHO-5, 0.73 for BASDAI, and 0.90 for ASDAS. The following ASAS HI domains were most frequently affected: pain (78% agreed), maintaining body position (75%), and energy/drive (73%). In the patients receiving bDMARDs, there was an improvement in all items. In the control group, the largest improvement was seen in pain.ConclusionAs expected, ASDAS and BASDAI as disease activity scores showed high sensitivity to change, whereas changes in physical function (BASFI), mental health (WHO-5), and the broader concept of functioning and health (ASAS HI) were moderate.
The Effect of Education and Follow-up Provided via Tele-nursing on the Quality of Life of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Ökten Çiğdem , Gündoğan Seher 
Published: August 2022

Background
Patient education and follow-up can be accomplished without time or space constraints via tele-nursing. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education and follow-up provided via tele-nursing on the quality of life of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.

Method
This semi-experimental study used a pretest–posttest design in a single group. It was conducted between April 1, 2021, and October 1, 2021, with 63 patients who presented to a state hospital. The Patient Information Form and the Duke Health Profile were administered to the patients prior to the education. Then, the patients completed the COVID-19 education program. Next, follow-up and counseling occurred via tele-nursing every other day for 14 days. At the end of the 14th day, the Duke Health Profile was once again administered to the patients.

Results
The patients had decreased physical, mental, and social health scores after the intervention. In addition, their pain, anxiety, and depression scores decreased.

Conclusion

Nurses should assume a more active role in patient education and include tele-nursing in nursing care.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(8):365–371.]
Using Nurse-Driven Protocols to Eliminate Routine Gastric Residual Volume Measurements: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Smith Marshall , Smith Millie , Robinson Katie N. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Multiple critical care guidelines support the elimination of routine gastric residual volume monitoring in patients receiving enteral nutrition. However, transitioning nursing practice away from routine gastric residual volume assessments has proved challenging.

Objective
To evaluate outcomes after the elimination of routine gastric residual volume monitoring in a 14-bed adult intensive care unit at a large teaching hospital in the southeastern United States.

Methods
Practice change was accomplished through in-service training and implementation of a validated protocol. Data were collected for 30 days before and 30 days after protocol implementation to determine effects on the total volume of enteral nutrition received as well as the rate of adverse events after elimination of routine gastric residual volume assessments (n = 22) as compared with previous standard practice (n = 25).

Results
When gastric residual volume was not measured, the mean (SD) percentage of enteral nutrition delivery was 81% (12%) of the ordered volume, compared with 60% (18%) in the historic control group (P = .002). Eliminating gastric residual volume monitoring was not associated with an increased rate of adverse events (emesis, aspiration pneumonia) or a change in length of stay. Nursing staff demonstrated a high degree of compliance with this protocol change.

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that the elimination of routine gastric residual volume assessment does not increase the rate of adverse events and results in increased nutrition provision. Use of a protocol for practice change as well as mandatory in-service training may effect changes in nursing practice.
The role of district municipalities in service provision in South Africa: Dissecting challenges faced by Ehlanzeni District Municipality
Authors: Magagula Douglas N. , Mukonza Ricky M. , Manyaka Rasodi K. , Moeti Kabelo 
Published: August 2022

Background: District municipalities are faced with numerous challenges that hinder their ability to execute the legal mandate of assisting local municipalities to deliver services to their communities.Aim: This article explored two critical issues: political challenges faced by districts in the recruitment of personnel in key positions and the financial status of districts in relation to their role in local government.Setting: The study is based in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. The study also included local municipalities within Ehlanzeni District (City of Mbombela, Nkomazi and Bushbuckridge local municipalities); South African Local Government Association; and the Mpumalanga Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs.Methods: The study adopted a qualitative research method, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews.Results: Literature and the study findings revealed that cadre deployment in key positions has contributed to the shortage of skilled personnel in municipalities. The findings also showed that Ehlanzeni District Municipality is not adequately financed to be able to execute its legal mandate.Conclusion: The study recommended that cadre deployment in key municipal positions should be aligned with legislated recruitment policies. Moreover, communities need to start paying for services that they receive so that municipalities may have more revenue to maintain infrastructure, to ensure continued service delivery.
Exploring the online learning experience of first-year speech–language pathology students in a Johannesburg-based university
Authors: Barber Nancy , Sher Jenna 
Published: August 2022

Background: Understanding the learning experiences of first-year speech–language pathology (SLP) students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is essential to ensure that academic staff are able to support and enhance the transition from secondary to tertiary education. An understanding of the student experience could lead to improved support strategies that could be beneficial for the blended learning environment that the University of the Witwatersrand will be entering from 2022.Objectives: This research explored the experiences of first-year SLP students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: An exploratory mixed-method concurrent triangulation design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from likert scales. Qualitative data were collected from critical incident timelines. Themes were identified from both the Likert scales as well as the critical incident timelines using bottom-up thematic analysis.Results: The majority of participants reflected that their online learning through the pandemic in 2021 was successful. The themes that emerged from this year pertain to 2021 and the specific participants however, it provides an important insight that the students’ needs change during a year. As a lecturer, one needs to consider these evolving needs to ensure students have the support that they require to be successful in their learning.Conclusion: This research provided insights into the evolving nature of the support first-year SLP students require in the online learning space during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diagnosis and Management of Intradural Extramedullary Tumor: Multiple Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Budiman Gondowardojo Yustinus Robby , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia , Dahlan Rully Hanafi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Almost 60% of all spinal tumors are spinal intradural extramedullary (IDEM) neoplasms. The most common symptoms of these tumors are pain and neurological deficits. Until recently, the treatment of choice is still tumor resection microsurgically. The study aims to present of diagnosis and management of IDEM in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, and to outline the current diagnosis and management of IDEM tumors commonly performed.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective descriptive study using medical records to identify and describe cases of IDEM tumors in Hasan Sadikin Hospital. A total of seven IDEM tumor cases from January 2019 to April 2021 were identified. Data collected included demographics, diagnosis, and management.

Results:
Most cases of IDEM tumors in our study were seen in women >40 years of age (n = 5). The age range of patients at diagnosis is between 25 and 68 years. The management carried out is tumor resection through laminectomy with (n = 5) or without (n = 2) posterior stabilization.

Conclusion:
The proper diagnosis and treatment are required in improving a patient’s life quality. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for radiological examination, and for management of choice is gross-total removal of the tumor.
Case Report: Management of an Uncommon Crotaline Snakebite (Ovophis makazayazaya)
Authors: Luo Yi , Mao Yan-Chiao , Liu Po-Yu , Chiang Liao-Chun , Lai Chih-Sheng , Lin Wen-Loung , Huang Chia-Chun 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Ovophis makazayazaya bite is an uncommon cause of snakebite that humans may sustain as a result of the continuous overexploitation of forest habitats and excessive development in Taiwan. Although the Taiwanese government has produced four antivenoms against medically important snakebite accidents, O. makazayazaya is not among the snakes for which an antivenom has been produced. A case of O. makazayazaya snakebite on a patient’s right foot, which later swelled into the hip, is reported. In vitro studies have reported that monovalent antivenoms for Gloydius brevicaudus and Trimeresurus albolabris, and polyvalent antivenom for Calloselasma rhodostoma, Daboia siamensis, and T. albolabris show reactivity toward Ovophis venoms. However, these antivenoms are unavailable in Taiwan. Thus, bivalent antivenom for Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus was used, assuming similar immunoreactivity and a possible para-specific effect of green pit viper antivenom against this Ovophis venom. A favorable outcome was observed, without significant extension in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. In addition, no systemic bleeding occurred. Nonetheless, further venom and antivenom evaluations should ascertain the efficacy of this para-specific antivenoms against this crotaline snakebite.
Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of Art
Authors: Pallara Elisabetta , Cotugno Sergio , Guido Giacomo , De Vita Elda , Ricciardi Aurelia , Totaro Valentina , Camporeale Michele , Frallonardo Luisa , Novara Roberta , Panico Gianfranco G. , Puzo Pasquale , Alessio Giovanni , Sablone Sara , Mariani Michele , De Iaco Giuseppina , Milano Eugenio , Bavaro Davide F. , Lattanzio Rossana , Patti Giulia , Papagni Roberta , Pellegrino Carmen , Saracino Annalisa , Di Gennaro Francesco 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Loa loa is a filarial nematode responsible for loiasis, endemic to West–Central Africa south of the Sahara and transmitted by flies. This study reports a case of L. loa in the vitreous cavity of the eye of a young patient, along with an in-depth literature review. A 22-year-old woman from Cameroon who migrated from Cameroon to Italy was referred to the Emergency Ophthalmology Department at Policlinico di Bari in July 2021 with the presence of a moving parasite in the subconjunctiva of the left eye. A recent onset of a papular lesion on the dorsal surface of the right wrist and a nodular lesion in the scapular region were detected. L. loa filariasis was diagnosed based on anamnestic data, clinical and paraclinical signs, and a parasitological test confirming the presence of microfilariae in two blood samples collected in the morning of two different days. Because of the unavailability of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole (ALB) 200 mg twice daily was administered for 21 days. A mild exacerbation of pruritus occurred during treatment, but resolved with the use of an antihistamine. A single dose of 12 mg ivermectin was prescribed at the end of the treatment with albendazole. Unlike other endemic parasite infections, L. loa is not included in the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, because it is not mentioned in the WHO and CDC list of neglected tropical diseases. This can result in an overall risk of lack of attention and studies on loiasis, with lack of data on global burden of the disease.