bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent new particle formation at remote sites in the subboreal forest of North America
Authors: Andreae Meinrat O. , Andreae Tracey W. , Ditas Florian , Pöhlker Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The frequency and intensity of new particle formation
(NPF) over remote forest regions in the temperate and boreal zones, and thus
the importance of NPF for the aerosol budget and life cycle in the pristine
atmosphere, remains controversial. Whereas NPF has been shown to occur
relatively frequently at several sites in Scandinavia, it was found to be
nearly absent at a mid-continental site in Siberia. To explore this issue
further, we made measurements of aerosol size distributions between 10 and
420 nm diameter at two remote sites in the transition region between
temperate and boreal forest in British Columbia, Canada. The measurements
covered 23 d during the month of June 2019, at the time when NPF
typically reaches its seasonal maximum in remote midlatitude regions. These
are the first such measurements in a near-pristine region on the North
American continent. Although the sites were only 150 km apart, there were
clear differences in NPF frequency and intensity between them. At the Eagle
Lake site, NPF occurred daily, and nucleation-mode particle concentrations
reached above 5000 cm−3. In contrast, at the Nazko River site, there
were only six NPF events in 11 d, and the nucleation-mode particle
concentrations only reached about 800 cm−3. The reasons for this
difference could not be conclusively resolved with the available data; they
may include air mass origins, preexisting aerosols, and the density and type
of forest cover in the surrounding regions. In contrast to observations in
other temperate and boreal environments, we found that NPF at our sites occurred
at nighttime just as frequently as during daytime. Together with the lack of
identifiable sources of sulfuric acid precursor species in the fetch
region of our sites, this suggests that nucleation of
extremely low volatility organics was the predominant NPF mechanism. Our
results indicate that extended measurement campaigns with a more
comprehensive set of instrumentation to investigate the role of NPF in the remote forest regions of North
America are essential for a deeper scientific
understanding of this important process and its role in the global aerosol
budget.
Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats
Authors: Barbieux Marie , Uitz Julia , Mignot Alexandre , Roesler Collin , Claustre Hervé , Gentili Bernard , Taillandier Vincent , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Loisel Hubert , Poteau Antoine , Leymarie Edouard , Penkerc'h Christophe , Schmechtig Catherine , Bricaud Annick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This study assesses marine community production based on the diel
variability of bio-optical properties monitored by two BioGeoChemical-Argo
(BGC-Argo) floats. Experiments were conducted in two distinct Mediterranean
systems, the northwestern Ligurian Sea and the central Ionian Sea, during
summer months. We derived particulate organic carbon (POC) stock and gross
community production integrated within the surface, euphotic and subsurface
chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layers, using an existing approach applied to diel
cycle measurements of the particulate beam attenuation (cp) and
backscattering (bbp) coefficients. The diel cycle of cp provided a
robust proxy for quantifying biological production in both systems; that of
bbp was comparatively less robust. Derived primary production estimates
vary by a factor of 2 depending upon the choice of the bio-optical
relationship that converts the measured optical coefficient to POC, which is
thus a critical step to constrain. Our results indicate a substantial
contribution to the water column production of the SCM layer (16 %–42 %),
which varies largely with the considered system. In the Ligurian Sea, the SCM
is a seasonal feature that behaves as a subsurface biomass maximum (SBM)
with the ability to respond to episodic abiotic forcing by increasing
production. In contrast, in the Ionian Sea, the SCM is permanent, primarily
induced by phytoplankton photoacclimation, and contributes moderately to
water column production. These results clearly demonstrate the strong
potential for transmissometers deployed on BGC-Argo profiling floats to
quantify non-intrusively in situ biological production of organic carbon in the
water column of stratified oligotrophic systems with recurring or permanent
SCMs, which are widespread features in the global ocean.
The Large eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) with high-resolution, spatially distributed observations of air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction from fiber-optic distributed sensing, towers, and ground-based remote sensing
Authors: Lapo Karl , Freundorfer Anita , Fritz Antonia , Schneider Johann , Olesch Johannes , Babel Wolfgang , Thomas Christoph K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The weak-wind stable boundary layer (wwSBL) is poorly described by theory and breaks basic assumptions necessary for observations of turbulence. Understanding the wwSBL requires distributed observations capable of separating between sub-mesoscales and turbulent scales. To this end, we present the Large eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) which featured 2105 m of fiber-optic distributed sensing (FODS) of air temperature and wind speed, as well as an experimental wind direction method, at scales as fine as 1 s and 0.127 m in addition to a suite of point observations of turbulence and ground-based remote sensing profiling. Additionally, flights with a fiber-optic cable attached to a tethered balloon (termed FlyFOX, Flying Fiber Optics eXperiment) provide an unprecedentedly detailed view of the boundary layer structure with a resolution of 0.254 m and 10 s between 1 and 200 m height. Two examples are provided, demonstrating the unique capabilities of the LOVE19 data for examining boundary layer processes: (1) FODS observations between 1 and 200 m height during a period of gravity waves propagating across the entire boundary layer and (2) tracking a near-surface, transient, sub-mesoscale structure that causes an intermittent burst of turbulence. All data can be accessed at Zenodo through the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et al., 2020a).
Median bed-material sediment particle size across rivers in the contiguous US
Authors: Abeshu Guta Wakbulcho , Li Hong-Yi , Zhu Zhenduo , Tan Zeli , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Bed-material sediment particle size data, particularly the median sediment particle size (D50), are critical for understanding and modeling
riverine sediment transport. However, sediment particle size observations are primarily available at individual sites. Large-scale modeling and
assessment of riverine sediment transport are limited by the lack of continuous regional maps of bed-material sediment particle size. We hence
present a map of D50 over the contiguous US in a vector format that corresponds to approximately 2.7 million river segments (i.e., flowlines) in the
National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) dataset. We develop the map in four steps: (1) collect and process the observed D50 data from 2577
U.S. Geological Survey stations or U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sampling locations; (2) collocate these data with the NHDPlus flowlines based on
their geographic locations, resulting in 1691 flowlines with collocated D50 values; (3) develop a predictive model using the eXtreme Gradient
Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning method based on the observed D50 data and the corresponding climate, hydrology, geology, and other attributes
retrieved from the NHDPlus dataset; and (4) estimate the D50 values for flowlines without observations using the XGBoost predictive model. We expect
this map to be useful for various purposes, such as research in large-scale river sediment transport using model- and data-driven approaches,
teaching environmental and earth system sciences, planning and managing floodplain zones, etc. The map is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921987
(Li et al., 2021a).
Analysis and Implementation of PlayFair Chipper Algorithm in Text Data Encoding Process
Authors: Pristiwanto Pristiwanto , Heri Sunandar  , Berto Nadeak  
Published: February 2022

This research discusses the implementation of Playfair Cipher to encode text data. Playfair Cipher is one of the classic cryptographic algorithms that use symmetry keys. Originally invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Baron Lyon Playfair, the algorithm used a 5x5 keyboard to encrypt and decrypt. The process of encryption and decryption is done by grouping the letters in a bigram. By using a 5x5 keyboard, we can encrypt plaintext (original text data to be encrypted) and decrypt the ciphertext (encrypted text data) by grouping it by removing the letter J from plaintext. The keypad is generated randomly by the software so that each encoding process (encryption and decryption) can use different keys. The software is also used to prove the correctness of the encryption and decryption results of the Playfair Cipher with cube keyboards. Cipher Playfair software is developed using the C++ language and is console-based in a Windows development environment.
Forecasting of severe convective activity over Lucknow In pre-monsoon months
Authors: LAL R. 
Published: February 2022

. In this paper the role of stability index (SI), mean relative humidity (MRH) from 00 and 12 GMT radiosonde ascents and dewpoint from 03 GMT synoptic observations of Lucknow for the period March to May 1985-88 has been examined. The study reveals the SI value—4 or less, MRH 45% and above with dew point above normal are favourable for thunderstorm occurrence, Presence of large amplitude troughs in mid and upper tropospheric westerlies prove effective when these are around 70 oE.
Current clinical ethics of approaches and challenges to AIDS management
Authors: Jawad Unaiza , Chaudhary Sadia , Arif Zainab , Jawaid Hina , Nazim Uzma , Iqbal Waqas , Abbas Sharmeen 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to find the ethical challenges to AIDS management in Pakistan. Such acquired immune deficiency syndrome has emerged as a devastating disease for many years. This study was based on a survey performed from April 2021 to July 2021. This survey was attempted by the doctors, medical staff who were dealing the patients with AIDS. It is also filled by the patients and their families to access the ethical approach and challenges relevant to doctors or medical staff at the clinical level. The ethics of approaches and challenges to AIDS management was accessed through queries of the questionnaire. Overall results of the study indicated that we need a proper management system, train the medical staff to engage in AIDS patient's care about basic rules of ethics.
الأثر الوظيفي للإعلام النسوي في الاصلاح السيدة زينب (عليها السلام ) أنموذجا
Authors: مهدي ايمان صالح 
Published: February 2022

تمثل وقفة الحوراء (عليها السلام) فرصة كبرى لإظهار شجاعة المرأة المسلمة،وقوتها في مقارعة الظلم والطغيان ، لكننا نجد ضعف المعرفة بقائدة الإعلام الحسيني (عليها السلام) ، وضعف استثمار قوتها الإعلامية ووقفتها التاريخية. فخطب الحوراء (عليها السلام) تعد وثيقة كبرى للتصدي بوجه الظالم يمكن
The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP
Authors: Kurnia Sari Arum , Yeni Wahyuni Hartati  , Shabarni Gaffar  , Isa Anshori  , Darmawan Hidayat  , Hesti Lina Wiraswati  
Published: February 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for detecting several biomolecules, such as viruses, because it is proven to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and ease of use. This study aims to optimize an electro­chemical aptasensor using an AuNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with an aptamer to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2. Aptasensors with the streptavidin-biotin system were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface via covalent bonding with linkers to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and electrochemically characterized by the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system using differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the immobi­lized aptamer on the SPCE/AuNP electrode surface experienced a decrease in current from 11.388 to 4.623 µA. The experimental conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design for the three factors that affect the current response. The results of the optimization of the three parameters are the concentration of aptamer, incubation time of aptamer, and incubation time of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2, each of which is 0.5 µg/mL, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes, respectively. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 with various concentrations was tested on an electrochemical aptasensor to determine the de­tection limit and quantification limit, and the respective results were 2.63 and 7.97 ng/mL. The electrochemical aptasensor that has been developed in this study can be applied to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 biomarker in a simple, practical, and sensitive way.
Assessment of the Impacts of an Inheritance Taxation Relief on the Profitability of Forest Investments
Authors: Terreaux Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2022

The place and importance of forest biomass production is widely recognized in natural resources and energy policy in many countries. However, for a part of them, including France, the forest belongs mainly to private owners. Consequently, fiscal policy, including inheritance taxes, is an essential tool to orient biomass production. France is one of the countries where an inheritance tax is levied. In the case of forests, given the slow production cycle, this means that each tree is taxed several times before it reaches maturity. This situation could discourage the practice of forestry. For this reason, a tax abatement has been introduced, which consists of taxing forests at only one-quarter of their value in the calculation of the inheritance tax. This abatement is subject to a commitment to good management for 30 years. Thus not all forests benefit from it. In this work, we intend to quantify this advantage when it is attributed, so that the interested parties can compare it to the costs and inconveniences of the commitment, and above all, to estimate the additional profitability that it provides to the forest compared to other investment alternatives, all other things being equal. To this end, we set up a demographic model to represent the inheritance sequence and an economic model with the current tax rates. In the end, we find that this tax rebate is a good incentive to invest in the forest, and therefore to produce more biomass on the long term and a good incentive to produce the significant positive externalities associated with the presence of forests.
A Novel Three-Input XOR Gate Based on Quantum Dot-Cellular Automata with Power Dissipation Analysis
Authors: Gassoumi Ismail , Touil Lamjed , Mtibaa Abdellatif 
Published: February 2022

Recently, Low power and reduced heat dissipation are an increasing demand for digital systems. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a future generation solution based on nanotechnology for the digital systems. The QCA systems have advantages like the small size, ultralow power consumption and high switching frequency. The present research aims at introducing a novel three-input XOR gate containing 12 cells. The energy dissipation analysis of the proposed gate is verified using three different energy levels (γ=0.5Ek,γ=1.0,Ek andγ=1.5Εκ) at T = 2 Kelvin temperature. Simulation is performed for the proposed gate using QCA Designer tool version 2.0.3. The proposed three-input XOR gate has less number of cells, area and energy dissipation as compared to the previous structures.
El diseño del artículo de investigación como generador de vocaciones científicas
Authors: Rodas-LLanos Manuel , Cubero Juanez Javier 
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a didactic experience with secondary and high school students, in which it is proposed the elaboration of a research article as a resource to generate positive attitudes towards science and awaken scientific vocations. It was verified how the students had little knowledge about the structure of the scientific articles, the different models were studied and the research was considered using as a pattern the structure of the same. The process was evaluated by means of two questionnaires that were applied before and after the experience. A third questionnaire was used to test the emotions generated. The analysis of the study showed a positive disposition of the students to the learning of science by means of this method, because among other aspects it provided them the possibility of deepening in subjects that considered of their interest.
En este trabajo se describe una experiencia realizada con alumnos de enseñanza secundaria y bachillerato, en la que se plantea la elaboración de un artículo de investigación como recurso para generar actitudes positivas ante la ciencia y despertar vocaciones científicas. Se comprobó cómo el alumnado tenía escasos conocimientos acerca de la estructura de los artículos científicos, se estudiaron los diferentes modelos y se planteó la investigación utilizando como patrón la estructura de los mismos. Se emplearon antes y después de la experiencia dos cuestionarios, para evaluar el proceso y un tercero para testear las emociones generadas. El análisis del estudio mostró una disposición positiva del alumnado al aprendizaje de la ciencia mediante este método, porque entre otros aspectos les permitía profundizar en temas que consideraba de su interés.
El Aprendizaje y Servicio en la retención de estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors: Cornejo Helgueta Jorge , Sánchez Fuentes Sergio 
Published: February 2022

Service-Learning is considered a teaching methodology that privileges the participation of students, placing them in the leading or main role to build their own learning. The aim of this paper is to know and analyze the perception of students and teachers regarding how the application of Service-Learning affects the permanence of students in the first training cycle in computing and computing degrees. A mixed research method has been used, with a predominance of the qualitative approach, resorting to a convenience sample of students and teachers from engineering faculties of Chilean universities, in addition to the perception of a group of SL experts. The results obtained, from self-administered questionnaires and surveys, and processed using the Atlas.Ti software, showed that the Service-Learning has an effective and positive impact on student performance. Finally, the authors conclude that it is necessary to implement innovative, participatory learning proposals that combine theory and practice, that achieve meaningful learning in the student, that link it to environmental problems and develop a greater social sense, in order to form not only better professionals but also better citizens.
El Aprendizaje-Servicio (en adelante ApS) se considera una metodología de enseñanza que privilegia la participación del alumnado situándolo en el rol protagónico o principal para construir su propio aprendizaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer y analizar la percepción de estudiantes y docentes respecto de cómo incide la aplicación de ApS en la permanencia de estudiantes del primer ciclo formativo en carreras de computación e informática. Se ha utilizado un método mixto de investigación, con predominancia del enfoque cualitativo, recurriendo a una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes y docentes de facultades de ingeniería de universidades chilenas, además de la percepción de un grupo de expertos en ApS. Los resultados obtenidos, a partir de cuestionarios autoadministrados y encuestas, y procesados mediante el software Atlas.Ti, mostraron que el ApS incide efectivamente, y de manera positiva, en el rendimiento del estudiantado. Finalmente, los autores concluyen que es necesario implementar propuestas de aprendizajes innovadoras, participativas, que combinen teoría y práctica, que logren un aprendizaje significativo en el estudiante, que lo vinculen a problemas del entorno y desarrollen un mayor sentido social, para así formar no solo mejores profesionales sino también mejores ciudadanos.
Estudio descriptivo de Cibervictimización en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: Rojo Ramos Jorge , Ferrera Granados Carlos , Mañanas Iglesias Carlos , Guevara Pérez Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2022

During adolescence, the greatest risks of misuse of new technologies occur, and with it, the proliferation of cyberbullying. The objective of this work is to carry out a descriptive analysis of cybervictimization according to gender and grade in a sample of Compulsory Secondary Education students from a private school in the city of Cáceres. The methodology used in the research is basic, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational. A total of 141 students from courses throughout the ESO stage participated. The results show a high digitization of households (99.3%). It also appears that verbal-written cybervictimization is the most common in adolescents to carry out cyberbullying.
Durante la adolescencia se producen los mayores riesgos de un mal uso de las nuevas tecnologías, y con ello, la proliferación del ciberacoso. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis descriptivo de cibervictimización en función del género y curso en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de un colegio concertado en la ciudad de Cáceres. La metodología empleada en la investigación es básica, no experimental, descriptiva-correlacional. Participaron un total de 141 alumnos pertenecientes a cursos de toda la etapa de la ESO. Los resultados evidencian una elevada digitalización de los hogares (99,3%). También se desprende que la cibervictimización verbal-escrita es la más común en los adolescentes para llevar a cabo el ciberacoso.