bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to intravenous racemic ketamine after switch from intranasal (S)‐ketamine on symptoms of treatment‐resistant depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder in Veterans: A retrospective case series
Authors: Bentley Sean , Artin Hewa , Mehaffey Eamonn , Liu Fred , Sojourner Kevin , Bismark Andrew , Printz David , Lee Ellen E. , Martis Brian , De Peralta Sharon , Baker Dewleen G. , Mishra Jyoti , Ramanathan Dhakshin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacemic (R,S)‐ketamine is a glutamatergic drug with potent and rapid acting antidepressant effects. An intranasal formulation of (S)‐ketamine was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in individuals with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD). There are no data directly comparing outcomes on depression or other comorbidities between these two formulations of ketamine. However, recent meta‐analyses have suggested that IV racemic ketamine may be more potent than IN‐(S)‐ketamine.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes in 15 Veterans with comorbid TRD and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who underwent ketamine treatment at the VA San Diego Neuromodulation Clinic. All Veterans included in this analysis were given at least 6 intranasal (IN)‐(S)‐ketamine treatments prior to switching to treatment with IV racemic ketamine.ResultsVeterans receiving ketamine treatment ( across both IN‐(S)‐ketamine and IV‐(R,S)‐ketamine) showed significant reductions in both the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), a self‐report scale measuring depression symptoms (rm ANOVA F(14,42) = 12.6, p < 0.0001), and in the PTSD checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), a self‐report scale measuring PSTD symptoms (rm ANOVA F(13,39) = 5.9, p = 0.006). Post hoc testing revealed that PHQ‐9 scores were reduced by an average of 2.4 ± 1.2 compared to baseline after (S)‐ketamine treatments (p = 0.1) and by an average of 5.6 ± 1 after IV‐ketamine treatments (p = 0.0003) compared to pretreatment baseline scores. PCL‐5 scores were reduced by an average of 4.3 ± 3.3 after IN (S)‐ketamine treatments (p = 0.6) and 11.8 ± 3.5 after IV‐ketamine treatments (p = 0.03) compared to pretreatment baseline scores.ConclusionsThis work suggests that off‐label IV‐(R,S)‐ketamine could be considered a reasonable next step in patients who do not respond adequately to the FDA‐approved IN‐(S)‐ketamine. Further double‐blinded, randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess whether IV racemic ketamine is more effective than IN‐(S)‐ketamine.
Relationship between perceived social media addiction and social media applications frequency usage among university students
Authors: Allahverdi Fatima Zehra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study adds to the literature by analyzing data from Kuwait University, a public university in the Gulf region of the Middle East, where research in the area of social media is relatively new. The study is the first to quantify the relationship of different social media applications frequency usage with perceived social media addiction among university students. Specifically, the relationship between gender, area of study, social media applications frequency usage, and the social media addiction as self‐perceived were quantified. A total of 380 university students were asked how often they use the following applications: Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, TikTok, Snapchat, and WhatsApp. The response rate was 85%, with 322 students responding to the survey that was handed out as a hard copy. The data were collected by picking random classes to implement random sampling. Descriptive results indicated that around 70% of students believed they were addicted to social media somewhere between 75 and 100%. This was followed by utilizing multiple hierarchical regression for data analysis. Results indicated a significant relationship between the area of study (science, engineering, and social sciences), gender, and social media applications of Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Female students perceived themselves as about 5% more addicted to social media. Social science and engineering students perceived themselves as about 17% and 12% more addicted than science students, respectively. Furthermore, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter contributed up to about 12%, 11%, and 10%, respectively, to the perceived social media addiction.
School engagement and self‐esteem among Turkish secondary school students: A moderated‐mediation model for academic achievement and gender
Authors: Karababa Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the direct relationships between school engagement, academic achievement, and self‐esteem, and whether academic achievement mediated the relationship between school engagement and self‐esteem among Turkish secondary school students. An additional aim of the study was also to test whether these associations were moderated by gender. The study sample consisted of 402 adolescents (207 female–195 male) studying at the secondary school, aged from 11 to 14 years old. The study findings showed both the significant direct positive associations among the studied variables and the mediating role of academic achievement in the relationship between school engagement and self‐esteem. It also found that the direction, strength, and structure of the direct and indirect relationships among the studied variables did not differ between the two gender groups. In conclusion, students who have higher levels of school engagement tend to show improvements in their academic achievement, and achieving better educational performance promotes higher self‐esteem. Directions for future research and application were discussed.
Formation of genus vesicles in dilute aqueous solution by PtBAx‐b‐PS130‐b‐PEO90‐b‐PS130‐b‐PtBAx amphiphilic pentablock terpolymers
Authors: Gao Jia , An Kun , Lv Chao , Nie Jingjing , Xu Junting , Du Binyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of linear symmetrical ABCBA pentablock terpolymers, poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene‐b‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) with constant lengths of PS and PEO blocks but different degree of polymerization x of PtBA block, namely PtBAx‐b‐PS130‐b‐PEO90‐b‐PS130‐b‐PtBAx (x = 40, 75, 100, 165, and 200), were found to form various vesicular nanostructures in dilute aqueous solution as observed by conventional transition electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Genus vesicles with nanometer sizes and various genus values (g), including individual spherical vesicles, tubular vesicles (g = 0), toroidal vesicles (g = 1) and the vesicles with even larger g values (g > 1) were observed, respectively. The g value of genus vesicles formed by PtBAx‐b‐PS130‐b‐PEO90‐b‐PS130‐b‐PtBAx pentablock terpolymers decreased with the increasing length of PtBA block. The formation mechanism of genus vesicles was preliminarily discussed by the combination of membrane bending energy, the area‐difference‐elasticity and the edge effect.
Atomic structure of the Leishmania spp. Hsp100 N‐domain
Authors: Mercado Jonathan M. , Lee Sukyeong , Chang Changsoo , Sung Nuri , Soong Lynn , Catic Andre , Tsai Francis T. F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHsp100 is an ATP‐dependent unfoldase that promotes protein disaggregation or facilitates the unfolding of aggregation‐prone polypeptides marked for degradation. Recently, new Hsp100 functions are emerging. In Plasmodium, an Hsp100 drives malaria protein export, presenting a novel drug target. Whether Hsp100 has a similar function in other protists is unknown. We present the 1.06 Å resolution crystal structure of the Hsp100 N‐domain from Leishmania spp., the causative agent of leishmaniasis in humans. Our structure reveals a network of methionines and aromatic amino acids that define the putative substrate‐binding site and likely evolved to protect Hsp100 from oxidative damage in host immune cells.
Role of conserved arginine in HadA monooxygenase for 4‐nitrophenol and 4‐chlorophenol detoxification
Authors: Pimviriyakul Panu , Pholert Patipan , Somjitt Supamas , Choowongkomon Kiattawee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHadA monooxygenase is involved in the initial step of the biodegradation pathway of toxic nitrophenols and halogenated phenols. HadA catalyzes the O2‐dependent denitration of nitrophenols and dehalogenation of halogenated phenols via the hydroquinone pathway. Based on bioinformatics and structural analysis, Arg208 of HadA is located at the proper position for substrate stabilization. This arginine is conserved among hydroquinone pathway‐specific enzymes for toxicant detoxification. In this study, the function of Arg208 in HadA was determined by a single‐point mutation creating HadAArg208 variants. 4‐Nitrophenol was mineralized by HadAArg208 variants that contain side chains as a positive charge and hydrogen‐bond donor, whereas 4‐chlorophenol strictly required a positively charged environment for detoxification. Transient kinetic results indicated that the biodetoxification ability of HadAArg208 variants was diminished due to the slowing down of denitration/dehalogenation. The substrate‐binding mode and affinity energy were evaluated by molecular docking. The findings were consistent with the experimental results indicating that arginine is the most fit for both 4‐nitrophenol and 4‐chlorophenol binding, whereas the active mutants provide a weaker interaction correlated with their denitration/dehalogenation activities. Altogether, Arg208 plays a role in providing proper chemical interactions to the substrate for binding at an appropriate orientation in the active site of hydroquinone pathway‐specific enzymes. In addition, it is proposed to stabilize nitro groups and halide ions that are released in denitration/dehalogenation reactions. This conserved arginine might be the essential feature for related biocatalysts, which could be fundamental knowledge regarding this enzyme family.
Experimental and Theoretical Core Level and Valence Band Analysis of Clean Perovskite Single Crystal Surfaces
Authors: García‐Fernández Alberto , Svanström Sebastian , Sterling Cody M. , Gangan Abhijeet , Erbing Axel , Kamal Chinnathambi , Sloboda Tamara , Kammlander Birgit , Man Gabriel J. , Rensmo Håkan , Odelius Michael , Cappel Ute B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA detailed understanding of the surface and interface properties of lead halide perovskites is of interest for several applications, in which these materials may be used. To develop this understanding, the study of clean crystalline surfaces can be an important stepping stone. In this work, the surface properties and electronic structure of two different perovskite single crystal compositions (MAPbI3 and CsxFA1–xPbI3) are investigated using synchrotron‐based soft X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory. The use of synchrotron‐based soft X‐ray PES enables high surface sensitivity and nondestructive depth‐profiling. Core level and valence band spectra of the single crystals are presented. The authors find two carbon 1s contributions at the surface of MAPbI3 and assign these to MA+ ions in an MAI‐terminated surface and to MA+ ions below the surface. It is estimated that the surface is predominantly MAI‐terminated but up to 30% of the surface can be PbI2‐terminated. The results presented here can serve as reference spectra for photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of technologically relevant polycrystalline thin films, and the findings can be utilized to further optimize the design of device interfaces.
New Insights into Phase‐Mechanism Relationship of MgxMnO2 Nanowires in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhongzhuo , Pan Xuelei , Shen Yuanhao , Chen Renpeng , Li Tianzhao , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn response to the call for safer energy storage systems, rechargeable aqueous manganese‐based zinc‐ion (Zn‐ion) batteries using mild electrolyte have attracted extensive attention. However, the charge‐storage mechanism and structure change of manganese‐based cathode remain controversial topics. Herein, a systematic study to understand the electrochemical behavior and charge storage mechanism based on a 3 × 3 tunnel‐structured MgxMnO2 as well as the correspondence between different tunnel structures and reaction mechanisms are reported. The energy storage mechanism of the different tunnel structure is surface faradaic dissolution/deposition coupled with an intercalation mechanism of cations in aqueous electrolyte, which is confirmed by in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman and ex situ extended X‐ray absorption fine structure. The deposition process at the cathode is partially reversible due to the accumulation of a birnessite layer on the surface. Compared to smaller tunnels, the 3 × 3 tunnel structure is more conducive to deposit new active materials from the electrolyte. Therefore, pristine MgxMnO2 nanowires with large tunnels display an excellent cycling performance. This work sheds light on the relationship between the tunnel structure and Mn2+ deposition and provides a promising cathode material design for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Disease prevention efforts on Welsh cattle farms are influenced by farm demographics
Authors: Paton Neil , Schaefer K. Aleks , Armitage‐Chan Elizabeth A. , Cooper Hannah , Buggiotti Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis research seeks to understand how the transition to a new generation of younger, more diverse farmers affects disease prevention efforts on UK farms.MethodsWe apply multivariate regression analysis to analyse survey responses from 112 Welsh cattle farm operators.ResultsOur results indicate that young farm operators (less than 40 years of age) receive less frequent visits from veterinarians. Further, farm operators who identify as female are less likely to screen and vaccinate against a range of diseases. Finally, both young farmers and female farm operators are less likely to achieve disease‐free certification for various economically meaningful livestock diseases.ConclusionOne possible explanation for these outcomes is that female farm operators and young farmers may feel excluded from long‐standing social networks in the farm animal health sector.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in Arabian horses
Authors: Lotfi Zahra , Pourmahdi Borujeni Mahdi , Ghorbanpoor Masoud , Ghadrdan Mashhadi Ali Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, mainly occurs in horses byBrucella abortus, Brucella canisandBrucella suis. The disease in equines is often asymptomatic, but the clinical signs in horses are mostly characterized by bursitis, arthritis and tenosynovitis.ObjectivesThis study, thus, aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in the Arabian horses of Khuzestan province, South‐west Iran.MethodsTo that end, the blood samples randomly collected from 180 Arabian horses were analyzed for the presence of anti‐Brucellaantibodies by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), 2‐mercaptoethanol test (2‐ME) and a commercial i‐ELISA kit.ResultsThe ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut‐off point forS/Pvalues in i‐ELISA turned out to be 26.25%. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis based on parallel interpretation of the test results was 12.22% (Positive/Tested = 22/180). The prevalence of acute and chronic brucellosis was 8.3 and 3.9%, respectively. The seroprevalence of brucellosis with RBPT and i‐ELISA methods was 1.11% (2/180) and 7.22% (13/180), respectively. According to what SAT revealed, 9.44% (17/180) of sera had a titer of 40 or greater, and at 2‐ME, 7.22% of samples (13 out of 180 samples) depicted a titer of 40. The results of i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME were significantly different from those of RBPT (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME in findings (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study recommend that i‐ELISA be used for screening purposes of brucellosis in horses. The findings confirmed that Arabian horses are natural hosts for the Brucellae. It is, thus, necessary to adopt appropriate prevention and control programs by health authorities and horse owners so as to reduce the distribution and transmission of the infection in the regions where brucellosis is prevalent.
Voltage stability improvement of an Egyptian power grid‐based wind energy system using STATCOM
Authors: Abdelsattar Montaser , Arafa Hafez Wessam , A. Elbaset Adel , Kamel Salah , H. Kasem Alaboudy Ali , Khan Baseem , A. Zaki Diab Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increase in electricity demand places its focus on renewable energies as sustainable energy resources. Wind energy is one of the most important green energy sources. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm has now gained prominence due to its many advantages, such as variable speed operation and autonomous control of active and reactive power. When the DFIG stator windings are directly connected to the power grid, when a grid fault occurs, some unwanted high current may be produced in the rotor windings, and the protection system will prevent the rotor side converter (RSC) from operating. Therefore, voltage stability is a significant factor in maintaining the DFIG‐based wind farm in operation during grid faults and disturbances. This paper applies a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to restore the voltage levels of the Egyptian power grid connected to Al Zafarana‐5th stage wind farm, which is made of 100 Gamesa G52/850 kW DFIG machines. In this paper, the STATCOM is controlled by a proportional integral (PI) and is compared with a STATCOM controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). For simulation, the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used. Moreover, the simulation results show that STATCOM devices with fuzzy logic controllers improve the effects of grid faults and disturbances such as a single line to ground fault, a line to line fault, voltage sag, and voltage swell as compared with STATCOM with PI controllers. Also, STATCOM devices based on FLC improve the stability and power quality of the system and the power system restoration procedures for the existing and future‐planned wind farms.
The Neuroanatomical Organization of Hypothalamic Feeding Circuits
Authors: Gruber Tim , Woods Stephen C. , Tschöp Matthias H. , García-Cáceres Cristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on early experimental lesion findings, the hypothalamus was historically identified as fundamental for balancing energy intake versus expenditure. Research over the last decades has identified considerable detail of the functional specialization of the hypothalamic neurocircuitry, and how it integrates multiple energy status signals and issues output commands for controlling endocrine and behavioral responses that collectively govern energy balance. This knowledge must now be harnessed to develop therapeutics to counter disorders of energy homeostasis; i.e., the current obesity pandemic demands acquiring further understanding of the functional and neuroanatomical organization of feeding circuits with the help of new advances in the modern systems neuroscience methodologies. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the anatomical and functional organization of hypothalamic feeding circuits while covering some more recent conceptual and technological milestones in the research of energy homeostasis.
Scale and conformal invariance in higher derivative shift symmetric theories
Authors: Safari Mahmoud , Stergiou Andreas , Vacca Gian Paolo , Zanusso Omar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The critical behavior of infinite families of shift symmetric interacting theories with higher derivative kinetic terms (non unitary) is considered. Single scalar theories with shift symmetry are classified according to their upper critical dimensions and studied at the leading non trivial order in perturbation theory. For two infinite families, one with quartic and one with cubic interactions, beta functions, criticality conditions and universal anomalous dimensions are computed. At the order considered, the cubic theories enjoy a one loop non renormalization of the vertex, so that the beta function depends non trivially only on the anomalous dimension. The trace of the energy momentum tensor is also investigated and it is shown that these two families of QFTs are conformally invariant at the fixed point of the RG flow.
Properties of Motzkin triangle and t-generalized Motzkin sequences
Authors: Németh László , Szalay László 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the Motzkin triangle as the zero-free part of a well-defined plane array. The right diagonal leg of the triangle is the Motzkin sequence, which satisfies a second order linear recurrence with linear polynomial coefficients. We extend this relation to the parallel diagonals to the line of Motzkin sequence. More generally, we prove the existence of a recursive formula for the formation of three arbitrary elements in the triangle, and construct the corresponding formulae for three connected entries, among them diagonal triples, of twenty possible formations. These recursive formulae have bivariate polynomial coefficients of higher order. We describe the columns of the Motzkin triangle as polynomial values, and reveal nice non-trivial factorization properties of these polynomials. The results essentially depend on an initially derived recursive rule of three consecutive horizontal elements provided by the definition of the triangle, and on a construction method which creates recurrence rules for other structures.
Lipopolysaccharide acting via toll-like receptor 4 transactivates the TGF-β receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Afroz Rizwana , Kumarapperuma Hirushi , Nguyen Quang V. N. , Mohamed Raafat , Little Peter J. , Kamato Danielle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen‑associated molecular patterns, which allow the detection of microbial infection by host cells. Bacterial-derived toxin lipopolysaccharide activates TLR4 and leads to the activation of the Smad2 transcription factor. The phosphorylation of the Smad2 transcription factor is the result of the activation of the transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1). Therefore, we sought to investigate LPS via TLR4-mediated Smad2 carboxy terminal phosphorylation dependent on the transactivation of the TGFBR1. The in vitro model used human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to assess the implications of TLR4 transactivation of the TGFBR1 in vascular pathophysiology. We show that LPS-mediated Smad2 carboxy terminal phosphorylation is inhibited in the presence of TGFBR1 inhibitor, SB431542. Treatment with MyD88 and TRIF pathway antagonists does not affect LPS-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2 carboxy terminal; however, LPS-mediated Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited in the presence of MMP inhibitor, GM6001, and unaffected in the presence of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or ROS/NOX inhibitor DPI. LPS via transactivation of the TGFBR1 stimulates PAI-1 mRNA expression. TLRs are first in line to respond to exogenous invading substances and endogenous molecules; our findings characterise a novel signalling pathway in the context of cell biology. Identifying TLR transactivation of the TGFBR1 may provide future insight into the detrimental implications of pathogens in pathophysiology.