bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mexico City—Ambitions and Challenges of Integrated Risk Management in a Fractured Urban Planning Context
Authors: Garcia Ferrari Soledad , Morales Emma R. , Bain Amelia A. 
Published: December 2022

Among the growing number of megacities, Mexico City stands out for its size and population, but also for its challenges with respect to environmental risk management, fractured governance and marked contrasts in urban conditions. In the last couple of decades, Mexico City has been praised for pioneering new management structures for planning and policy development, driving an approach rooted in a strong social commitment and sustainability agenda, with more integrated decision-making across government institutions. Among these instruments is the recent Law of Integrated Risk Management and Civil Protection of Mexico City, which boldly steps ahead of national legislation, moving from a reactive to a precautionary approach to disaster risk under the banner of stakeholder co-responsibility. However, this paper shows that Mexico City has also been the stage of innovative policies that have been hijacked by the powerful, tainted by corruption and reinterpreted to fit financial interests, or simply abandoned with the arrival of new administrations. The efficiency of these innovative strategies has therefore thus far been limited by discretionary practices and poor communication and socialisation. Our research over the past 5 years has explored risk management processes in Mexico and Mexico City through a transdisciplinary investigation of the vulnerability to climate change-related hydro-meteorological risks in low-income urban areas, and the capacities to manage risk at the community and institutional levels. Drawing on this research, this paper describes a range of accomplishments in urban and environmental policy innovation in Mexico City in recent years with relevance to risk management, and the opportunities for learning arising from the challenges, limitations, and failures. The paper argues that, despite extensive existing knowledge of the socio-technical elements of risk in the city, in particular in relation to hydro-meteorological and seismic risks, fragmented urban development policies and institutions have contributed to increasing the vulnerability of poor communities in high-risk areas of the city. The paper concludes that addressing the challenges of integrated risk management in this fractured urban planning context will require that the recently-created institutions are adaptive, to cope with evolving socio-economic contexts and physical hazards, build strong links with academia to harness social and technical knowledge, design long-term plans integrated across tiers of government to increase coordination, and generate strong and inclusive engagement of the city’s heterogeneous communities. These elements are crucial to allow Mexico City’s ambitions of integrated risk management to survive political cycles and avoid appropriation by short-term financial interests over real risk reduction.
Growth and development of multiple waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) cohorts in corn and soybeans
Authors: Arsenijevic Nikola , DeWerff Ryan , Conley Shawn , Ruark Matthew Dwain , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

Waterhemp is a troublesome weed species in cropping systems throughout Wisconsin and much of the US Midwest. Coupled with extended emergence window, rapid growth, high genetic diversity, and herbicide resistance to multiple sites of action, waterhemp represents a major challenge for chemical-based weed control. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of soybean and corn canopy on growth and development of multiple waterhemp cohorts in 2019 and 2020. Treatments consisted of narrow- (38 cm row spacing) and wide-row (76 cm row spacing) soybeans, corn (76 cm row spacing), and fallow (no crop), with 6 waterhemp transplant timings (cohorts) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Waterhemp seedlings grown in the greenhouse were transplanted at the 2-3 true leaves growth stage to the field at 10-day increments throughout the typical waterhemp emergence season for Wisconsin (June-July). Waterhemp plants were measured for height and harvested for biomass when they reached the flowering stage. The number of days from the first transplant timing to result in 50% and 90% biomass and height reduction (ED50 and ED90) of subsequent waterhemp cohorts were estimated and used as indicators of weed suppression ability by the respective crop. Narrow-row soybeans required fewer days to suppress 50% growth of new waterhemp cohorts followed by corn, wide row soybeans, and fallow, respectively (4, 6, 9, and 14 d for 50% biomass reduction, and 10, 14, 18, and 42 d for 50% height reduction, respectively). Similarly, narrow-row soybeans required fewer days to suppress 90% biomass of waterhemp, followed by corn, wide-row soybeans, and fallow (11, 15, 18, and 78 d, respectively). Conversely, narrow and wide-row soybeans required fewer days to suppress 90% height of new waterhemp cohorts followed by corn and fallow (20, 26, 43, and 85 d, respectively). Rapid soybean canopy closure (e.g., planting soybeans earlier and in narrow row-spacing) combined with other integrated weed management practices have the potential to reduce reliance on POST herbicide application and mitigate herbicide resistance evolution. In corn, mid- to late-season monitoring and management of later emerging waterhemp cohorts is recommended due to longer time required to reach 90% waterhemp growth suppression.
An experimental and numerical study of the microstructural and biomechanical properties of human peripheral nerve endoneurium for the design of tissue scaffolds
Authors: Yan Liwei , Entezari Ali , Zhang Zhongpu , Zhong Jingxiao , Liang Jing , Li Qing , Qi Jian 
Published: December 2022

Graphical AbstractMicroCT was used to obtain high-resolution/high-contrast images of human peripheral nerve endoneurium extracellular matrix (eECM). A numerical model was constructed to investigate the microstructural and biomechanical properties of eECM.
A machine learning–Based model to predict early death among bone metastatic breast cancer patients: A large cohort of 16,189 patients
Authors: Xiong Fan , Cao Xuyong , Shi Xiaolin , Long Ze , Liu Yaosheng , Lei Mingxing 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:This study aims to develop a prediction model to categorize the risk of early death among breast cancer patients with bone metastases using machine learning models.Methods:This study examined 16,189 bone metastatic breast cancer patients between 2010 and 2019 from a large oncological database in the United States. The patients were divided into two groups at random in a 90:10 ratio. The majority of patients (n= 14,582, 90%) were served as the training group to train and optimize prediction models, whereas patients in the validation group (n= 1,607, 10%) were utilized to validate the prediction models. Four models were introduced in the study: the logistic regression model, gradient boosting tree model, decision tree model, and random forest model.Results:Early death accounted for 17.4% of all included patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age; a separated, divorced, or widowed marital status; nonmetropolitan counties; brain metastasis; liver metastasis; lung metastasis; and histologic type of unspecified neoplasms were significantly associated with more early death, whereas a lower grade, a positive estrogen receptor (ER) status, cancer-directed surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy were significantly the protective factors. For the purpose of developing prediction models, the 12 variables were used. Among all the four models, the gradient boosting tree had the greatest AUC [0.829, 95% confident interval (CI): 0.802–0.856], and the random forest (0.828, 95% CI: 0.801–0.855) and logistic regression (0.819, 95% CI: 0.791–0.847) models came in second and third, respectively. The discrimination slopes for the three models were 0.258, 0.223, and 0.240, respectively, and the corresponding accuracy rates were 0.801, 0.770, and 0.762, respectively. The Brier score of gradient boosting tree was the lowest (0.109), followed by the random forest (0.111) and logistic regression (0.112) models. Risk stratification showed that patients in the high-risk group (46.31%) had a greater six-fold chance of early death than those in the low-risk group (7.50%).Conclusion:The gradient boosting tree model demonstrates promising performance with favorable discrimination and calibration in the study, and this model can stratify the risk probability of early death among bone metastatic breast cancer patients.
Machine learning for atrial fibrillation risk prediction in patients with sleep apnea and coronary artery disease
Authors: Silva Carlos A. O. , Morillo Carlos A. , Leite-Castro Cristiano , González-Otero Rafael , Bessani Michel , González Rafael , Castellanos Julio C. , Otero Liliana 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPatients with sleep apnea (SA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are at higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) than the general population. Our objectives were: to evaluate the role of CAD and SA in determining AF risk through cluster and survival analysis, and to develop a risk model for predicting AF.MethodsElectronic medical record (EMR) database from 22,302 individuals including 10,202 individuals with AF, CAD, and SA, and 12,100 individuals without these diseases were analyzed using K-means clustering technique; k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm and survival analysis. Age, sex, and diseases developed for each individual during 9 years were used for cluster and survival analysis.ResultsThe risk models for AF, CAD, and SA were identified with high accuracy and sensitivity (0.98). Cluster analysis showed that CAD and high blood pressure (HBP) are the most prevalent diseases in the AF group, HBP is the most prevalent disease in CAD; and HBP and CAD are the most prevalent diseases in the SA group. Survival analysis demonstrated that individuals with HBP, CAD, and SA had a 1.5-fold increased risk of developing AF [hazard ratio (HR): 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18–1.87, p = 0.0041; HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09–1.96, p = 0.01; HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.22–1.94, p = 0.0039, respectively] and individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed AF approximately 50% earlier than patients without these comorbidities in a period of 7 years (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.46–7.73, p = 0.0023). Comorbidities that contributed to develop AF earlier in females compared to males in the group of 50–64 years were HBP (HR: 3.75 95% CI: 1.08–13, p = 0.04) CAD and SA in the group of 60–75 years were (HR: 2.4 95% CI: 1.18–4.86, p = 0.02; HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.14–5.52, p = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionMachine learning based algorithms demonstrated that CAD, SA, HBP, and CKD are significant risk factors for developing AF in a Latin–American population.
Intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age: Evidence from the CARDIA study
Authors: Xiong Zhenyu , Li Jiaying , Lin Yifen , Ye Xiaomin , Xie Peihan , Zhang Shaozhao , Liu Menghui , Huang Yiquan , Liao Xinxue , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundChronically high blood pressure (HBP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured the intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adults and calculated its prognostic significance for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.MethodsThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study enrolled 5,115 healthy black and white Americans who were 18–30 years old at baseline (1985–1986). The intensity of hypertensive exposure was calculated as the area under the curve (mm Hg × years) from baseline to year 15. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was identified at years 15, 20, and 25, and intima-media thickness (IMT) was identified at year 20.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age was 40.1 years; 55.1% of participants were women, and 46.5% were black. After adjustment, cumulative systolic BP (SBP) was positively associated with CAC [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23 (1.14, 1.32)] and IMT [β = 0.022 (0.017, 0.028)]. For CAC, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.643 (0.619, 0.667); compared to baseline SBP, the net reclassification index (NRI) of cumulative SBP was 0.180 (0.115, 0.256) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was 0.023 (0.012, 0.036). For IMT, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.674 (0.643, 0.705), the NRI was 0.220 (0.138, 0.305), and the IDI was 0.008 (0.004, 0.0012).ConclusionGreater intensity of hypertensive exposure in early adulthood is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age and provides better prognostic value than baseline BP for early cardiovascular risk.
Servant leadership and job satisfaction: The mediating role of trust and leader-member exchange
Authors: Dami Zummy Anselmus , Imron Ali , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Supriyanto Achmad 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the role of trust mediation and leader-member exchange in the influence of servant leadership on job satisfaction.BackgroundResearch on the relationship between servant leadership and academic job satisfaction is rare. The study of servant leadership in Christian higher education is dominated by non-research (conceptual), literature review, and church ministry, instrument development, verification, and validation, quantitative (pre- and post-test), quantitative (descriptive), and qualitative studies. Thus, there have been no studies that test and measure complex variables simultaneously in one model that includes servant leadership, trust (job-related outcomes + mediator), leader-member exchange (behavioral outcome), and job satisfaction (well-being + outcome) in the context of Christian higher education in Indonesia. Servant leadership still needs to be done in work-related outcomes such as trust variables. Research on academic job satisfaction in non-European and non-Western contexts is still dominant in Palestine. Finally, the placement of trust as a mediation variable needs to be more consistent because trust also has a role as a predictor of servant leadership.MethodThis study used quantitative methods with a sample of 160 lecturers from 26 Christian higher education in Indonesia. This study used the partial least square (PLS-SEM) approach to verify the proposed hypothesis.ResultsThe results showed that servant leadership has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and trust, and LMX mediate the influence of servant leadership on job satisfaction. Finally, trust and LMX are complementary mediation effects of servant leadership on job satisfaction.ConclusionServant leadership increases trust, LMX and job satisfaction. Trust and LMX increase job satisfaction. Trust and LMX have a mediating role in the effect of servant leadership on job satisfaction.ImplicationsRectors/chairmen who engage in high-level interactions with lecturers will influence trust, reduce losses, and maximize gains in their interactional relationships. In addition, based on the theory of leader-member exchange, high-quality, trustworthy, and satisfactory leader-member exchange relationships positively affect the personal growth, work attitudes, and performance of lecturers. The Private Higher Education Organizing Body (BPPTS) needs to prepare for leadership regeneration by preparing future service leaders through training that directly supports the improvement of servant leadership behavior. This is important because servant leadership behavior becomes essential to increase trust, LMX and lecturer job satisfaction and achieve Christian higher education goals. Finally, Power distances, short-term orientation cultures, and paternalistic are not found to be obstacles to servant leadership practices in Indonesian Christian higher education.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites are positively related to serum testosterone levels of males and serum estradiol levels of females among U.S. adults
Authors: Yuan Qiming , Jin Kun , Zhou Xianghong , Qiu Zhimei , Li Jiakun , Jin Di , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Chichen , Yang Lu , Zhan Yu , Qiu Shi , Wei Qiang 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIt has been reported for several years that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could disturb human endocrine function. However, there is still a short of consistent conclusion about the relationship between PAH exposure and levels of sexual hormones. The aim of our study is to explore whether exposure to PAHs and how PAHs affect the levels of serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in adults, hoping to fulfill the knowledge gap.Materials and methodsThis study included adults aged 20 and above who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016. We included 10 PAH metabolites in this study. The levels of urinary PAH metabolites were log-transformed and divided into quartiles. The associations between PAH metabolites and both serum T levels of males and E2 levels of females were investigated using multivariate regression models. We furtherly calculated PAHs scores by sum of ranks across 10 PAHs metabolites, which represented the exposure levels of PAHs mixtures, and the association between PAHs scores and serum T and E2 levels were analyzed.ResultsA total of 4,654 subjects were included in this study, including 2,460 males and 2,194 females. After adjusting for confounders, 2-hydroxynapthalene and 3-hydroxyfluorene were positively associated with serum T levels of males (p-value for trend=0.047, and p-value for trend=0.006, respectively), while 1-hydroxyphenanthrene was positively associated with serum E2 levels of females (p-value for trend=0.013). In the adjusted models, no significant association was found between PAHs scores and either T levels of males or E2 levels of females (p-value for trend=0.615, and p-value for trend=0.241, respectively).ConclusionsThis study showed urinary 2-hydroxynapthalene and 3-hydroxyfluorene were associated with increased T levels of males, and urinary 1-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with increased E2 levels of females. The observed association indicated disrupting effects of PAH exposure on reproductive health.
Benefits on pain and mental health of manual therapy for idiopathic scoliosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Jun , Kong Lingjun , Wu Zhiwei , Zhou Xin , Huang Qian , He Tianxiang , Fang Min 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIdiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a common spinal disorder. Although several studies have reported the benefits of manual therapy for patients with IS in improving pain, anxiety, depression, and spinal disorders, the efficacy of manual therapy in the management of IS remain controversial. Therefore, this review was conducted to assess effects of manual therapy in the management of IS, primarily on pain and mental health of the patients and secondarily on their spinal disorders.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of manual therapy in the management of IS. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. The meta-analysis was conducted depending on different outcomes and control therapies using Review Manager version 5.3 software.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the present review. The PEDro scores of the included studies ranged from 5-7 points. The aggregated results indicated that Tuina (a traditional Chinese manipulation technique) had valuable improvement effects on pain (standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59 to 1.25; P&lt;0.00001), negative emotions (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.13; P&lt;0.00001), and disability (SMD, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.39 to 2.19; P=0.005). For the radiographic outcomes including the Cobb angle and vertebral rotation, Tuina, especially when combined with other conservative therapies, showed potential complementary effects for patients with IS.ConclusionsTuina, as a complementary and alternative therapy, should be considered for the effective management of patients with IS, especially for the improvement of their pain and mental health. More randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate the current evidence.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020165220.
Variations of aerosol and cloud vertical characteristics based on aircraft measurements in upstream of Shanghai during the 2020 China international import expo
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhu Qing , He Qianshan , Gao Yang , Zhou Xu , Zhang Rong , Zhang Xiaotuo , Li Hongyu , Wang Weijie , Cheng Tiantao 
Published: December 2022

Vertical information about aerosols and clouds is vital to understanding aerosol transport, aerosol-cloud interactions, and pollution-weather-climate feedback so as to reduce uncertainties in estimating their climatic effects. The combination of sounding, lidar, aircraft, and satellite measurements is widely used to obtain the vertical information of aerosols and clouds. We used an aircraft measurement over southern Anhui, the upstream regions of Shanghai, on 1 November which conducted to ensure good air quality for the Third China International Import Expo to examine the vertical characteristics of aerosol and cloud microphysical properties and their variations before and after cloud seeding. Observations showed aerosols and clouds were vertically stratified. Most aerosols trapped within the boundary layer are small particles with sizes less than 0.12 µm. Aerosol number concentrations (Na) generally decreased with altitude in the cloudless atmosphere, with the largest particles occurring in 2500–3500 m due to dust transported from distant regions and high ambient humidity. Four separate cloud layers with unequal depths dominated by altostratus and nimbostratus appeared at different heights. The maximum cloud droplet concentration (Nc) and the minimum cloud droplet diameter (Dc) that appeared in the mid-level cloud (2246–2482 m) were 107.7 cm−3 and 4.03 μm, respectively, owing to the high proportion of hygroscopic particles. Hygroscopic particles played an important role in the growth of droplets and the activation of cloud condensation nuclei, especially under high ambient humidity. Cloud droplet size spectrum showed a unimodal distribution with a single peak at 5 µm in low- (970–1000 m) and mid-level clouds, but a trimodal distribution with peaks at 7 μm, 12 μm, and 17 μm in the mid-high- and high-level clouds, indicating the broadening of spectra with increasing altitude. An artificial seeding experiment was conducted in the high-level clouds. Big cloud droplets and ice crystals increased significantly after cloud seeding. Meanwhile, cloud particle populations showed less Nc, larger Dc, and a wider size spectrum. Our results suggest that the artificial precipitation experiment promoted rainfall to a certain extent and contributed to the removal of pollutants from upstream regions, which is beneficial to the air quality of Shanghai.