bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the economic water loss level with a discrete stochastic optimization algorithm by considering budget constraints
Authors: Yilmaz Salih , Firat Mahmut , Ateş Abdullah , Özdemir Özgür 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) cause inefficiency of water resources and increase operating costs. Water loss management (WLM) methods generally have high initial investment and operating costs. However, the budget planned within the scope of WLM in administrations is generally limited. Therefore, the most appropriate method should be determined by considering the budget conditions and cost–benefit analysis. The aim of this study is to propose a new economic water loss level (EWLL) model in WDSs with the different budget constraints of 5, 15 and 20% of the annual income. This EWLL model was developed by the discrete stochastic optimization algorithm. The EWLL and economically recoverable leakage volumes were determined by considering the budget constraints. Moreover, the most appropriate methods were determined to reach the EWLL values defined according to the budget constraints. The EWLL was calculated as 8.62% by the optimization model without budget constraints. Moreover, the EWLL values with budget constraints of 5, 15 and 20% of the annual income were determined as 56.82, 21.14 and 18.02%, respectively. This EWLL model will make a significant contribution to the annual planning in WLM depending on the budget constraints of the administrations.
Climate change impacts on the flow regime and water quality indicators using an artificial neural network (ANN): a case study in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Hassanjabbar Amin , Nezaratian Hosein , Wu Peng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) method was applied to investigate the impacts of climate change on the water quantity and quality of the Qu'Appelle River in Saskatchewan, Canada. First, the second-generation Canadian earth system model (CanESM2) was adopted to predict future climate conditions. The Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) was then applied to downscale the generated data. To analyze the water quality of the river, concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids (TDSs) from the river were collected. Using the collected climate and hydrometric data, the ANNs were trained to simulate (i) the ratio of snowfall-to-total precipitation based on the temperature, (ii) the river flow rate based on the temperature and precipitation; and (iii) DO and TDS concentrations based on the river flow and temperature. Finally, the generated climate change data were used as inputs to the ANN model to investigate the climate change impacts on the river flow as well as DO and TDS concentrations within the selected region. Hydrologic alteration of the river was evaluated via the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) under historical and climate change scenarios. The results under climate change scenarios were compared with those under historical scenarios and indicated that climate change would lead to a heterogeneous change in precipitation and temperature patterns. These changes would have serious degrading impacts on the river discharge as well as DO and TDS concentration levels, causing deterioration in the sustainability of the river system and ecological health of the region.
Aligning financial and technical procedures for the determination of urban drainage assets’ current and replacement values
Authors: Brito Rita S. , Martinho M. C. , Almeida M. C. , Fernandes M. , Ferreira S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a method for aligning the relevant financial and technical procedures for determining drainage assets’ current and replacement values. This alignment is especially pertinent when actual construction costs are unavailable and records in different utility departments (technical and accounting) do not correspond. The current asset value is grounded in estimated construction costs, considering accounting and technical useful lives. Asset portfolio considers the assets providing adequate service quality, regardless of their age. The methodology relies on the update of the assets’ registry (updating the assets’ value), the increase of the accounting useful life in line with technical practice (reducing annual depreciation), and the accumulated depreciation reversion (increasing net current value). In the case study, the need to update information exchange and align technical and financial procedures in Lisbon Municipality was triggered by internal policy requirements concerning the simultaneous development of the urban drainage asset management plan and the requirement to standardize the accounting system. The application of the methodology led to an increase of approximately five times the assets’ current value. The results, their implications, and replicability opportunities are discussed.
SOX9 and IL1A as the Potential Gene Biomarkers of the Oral Cancer
Authors: Li Tianke , Cheng Dongmei , Guo Jie , Chen He , Zhang Suxin , Bao Yang 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and
neck. It is easy to relapse, and the prognosis is poor. However, the molecular mechanism in the development
of oral cancer is still unclear.

Methods:
A total of 30 normal individuals and 30 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent
surgery were recruited in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between February
2019 and November 2021. Furthermore, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) analysis, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence
were used to verify the expression of SOX9 and IL1A. The GSE69002 dataset
was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to identify
the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed
by using the STRING, and Cytoscape software was performed for visualization. Gene Ontology
(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for enrichment analysis were
made via the DAVID, Metascape, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Bin Gene Ontology
(BINGO) analysis. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analysis was used to
analyze the expression level of hub genes and pathological stage. The cBioPortal can be used for
mutation analysis and pathway prediction of hub genes. Kaplan Meier Plotter was used for survival
analysis of hub genes.

Results:
The relative expression level of SOX9 (P=0.021, t=4.332) and IL1A (P=0.011, t= -4.213)
in oral cancer was significantly higher than that in the standard group (P<0.05). The DEGs are
mainly enriched in cell division, inflammation, interleukin-12 beta-subunit binding, and interleukin-
10 receptor binding. All the differentially expressed gene pathways eventually converge in cell
growth and apoptosis. No relationship between the pathologic stage and the expression of hub
genes. The poor overall survival of patients with the high expression of SOX9 (Hazard Ratio (HR)
= 1.46, P = 0.009) and IL1A (HR = 1.49, P = 0.008). There were strong correlations between the
hub genes and the head and neck neoplasms via the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).
The immunofluorescence and PCR results showed that the level of SOX9 (P<0.001, t = -23.368) in
the cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal group; The level of IL1A in the
cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.001, t = -11.960).

Conclusion:
SOX9 and IL1A genes are highly expressed in oral cancer and might be potential therapeutic
targets for oral cancer. The poor overall survival of patients with the high expression of
SOX9 and IL1A.
Advances in Hybrid Vesicular-based Drug Delivery Systems: Improved Biocompatibility,
Targeting, Therapeutic Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Setia Aseem , Sahu Ram Kumar , Ray Supratim , Widyowati Retno , Ekasari Wiwied , Saraf Swarnlata 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Anticancer drugs and diagnostics can be transported in nanoscale vesicles that provide a flexible platform.
A hybrid nanoparticle, a nano assembly made up of many types of nanostructures, has the greatest potential to perform
these two activities simultaneously. Nanomedicine has shown the promise of vesicular carriers based on lipopolymersomes,
lipid peptides, and metallic hybrid nano-vesicle systems. However, there are significant limitations
that hinder the clinical implementation of these systems at the commercial scale, such as low productivity, high energy
consumption, expensive setup, long process durations, and the current cancer therapies described in this article.
Combinatorial hybrid systems can be used to reduce the above limitations. A greater therapeutic index and improved
clinical results are possible with hybrid nanovesicular systems, which integrate the benefits of many carriers into a
single structure. Due to their unique properties, cell-based drug delivery systems have shown tremendous benefits in
the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) can benefit significantly from the properties of erythrocytes and platelets,
which are part of the circulatory cells and circulate for a long time. Due to their unique physicochemical properties,
nanomaterials play an essential role in cell-based drug delivery. Combining the advantages of different nanomaterials
and cell types gives the resulting delivery systems a wide range of desirable properties. NPs are nextgeneration
core-shell nanostructures that combine a lipid shell with a polymer core. The fabrication of lipid-polymer
hybrid NPs has recently undergone a fundamental shift, moving from a two-step to a one-step technique based on the
joint self-assembly of polymers and lipids. Oncologists are particularly interested in this method as a combinatorial
drug delivery platform because of its two-in-one structure. This article addresses various preparative methods for the
preparation of hybrid nano-vesicular systems. It also discusses the cellular mechanism of hybrid nano-vesicular systems
and describes the thorough knowledge of various hybrid vesicular systems.
Use of CRISPR in Infection Control
Authors: Khan Asad U. , Khan Isna S. , Faiyaz Zainab 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
One of the greatest threats to the global world is infectious diseases. The morbidity and fatality
of infectious diseases cause 17 million deaths annually. The recent COVID-19 pandemic describes
the uncertain potential of these diseases. Understanding the pathogenesis of infectious agents, including
bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. and the evolution of rapid diagnostic techniques and treatments has become
a pressing priority to improve infectious disease outcomes worldwide. Clustered regularly interspaced
short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) constitute the adaptive immune system of archaea and bacteria
along with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins that recognize and destroy foreign DNA acting as molecular
scissors. Since their discovery, CRISPR systems are classified into 6 types and 22 subtypes. Type
II, V, and VI are used for diagnostic purposes. Utilizing the CRISPR-Cas system's capabilities will aid
promote the development of novel and improved diagnostics as well as innovative delivery systems and
the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
Self-emulsifying System Co-loaded with Paclitaxel and Coix Seed Oil
Deeply Penetrated to Enhance Efficacy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Chen Yunyan , Wang Shaozhen , Hu Qiyan , Zhou Lingyun 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Paclitaxel (PTX), voted as the promising natural medicine molecules, is widely used in the treatment of cancers. Nevertheless, its clinical application was strictly limited by its poor water solubility.

Objective:
CP-MEs (Paclitaxel-coix seed oil coloaded microemulsion), a small sized self-emulsifying nanoemulsion formed of combination of PTX and coix seed oil (CSO) was developed in order to improve the solubility of paclitaxel and enhance anti-cervical cancer efficacy in vitro. CSO was selected as the oil phase to replace conventional organic solvents and achieve synergistic anti-tumor effect with paclitaxel.

Methods:
Pseudoternary phase diagram was applied to the study of CP-MEs formulation. CP-MEs was prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency (EE and LE) was detected by HPLC. MTT was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CP-MEs against HeLa cells. The cellular uptake and apoptotic ratio of CP-MEs was evaluated by flow cytometry. Notably, HeLa 3D tumor spheroid was adopted to evaluate tumor permeability of different size microemulsion as the model

Results:
The best self-emulsifying ability was exhibited by HS 15: PEG 400 combination. The appearance of CP-MEs was clear and transparent, which exhibited a small size (30.28 ± 0.36) and slight negative surface charge (-4.40 ± 1.13) mV. The EE and LE of CP-MEs were 98.80% and 0.978%, respectively. The cumulative release rate within 48 h of the CP-MEs was 80.21%. In cellular studies, the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled CP-MEs (FITC/C-MEs) was 17.86-fold higher than free FITC group，leading to significant synergistic anticancer activity in terms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in vitro. The apoptotic rate of CP-MEs treated was 1.70-fold higher than PTX treated. Notably, the penetration of CP-MEs in HeLa 3D tumor sphere model was enhanced, which was related to deeply penetrated microemulsion of small size mediated at the tumor site.

Conclusion:
With the advantage of small sized self- emulsifying system，CP-MEs holds great potential to become an efficient nano drug delivery system of cervical cancer treatment in clinic.
Literature Review of Automated Grading Systems Utilizing MRI for
Neuroforaminal Stenosis
Authors: Meacock James , Laulloo Asifa , Currie Stuart , Leng Joanna , Thomson Simon 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Cervical neural foraminal stenosis is a common and debilitating condition affecting people 40-60 years old. Although it is established that MRI is the best method of scanning the neural foramen, the question remains whether there is a role for three-dimensional MRIs and subsequently if it is possible to develop a computer aided automated grading system to establish the degree of clinically relevant cervical foraminal stenosis.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to review the literature for current or emerging automated grading systems of the cervical neural foramen, also including volumetric assessments of the neural foramen using MRI.

Methods:
A systematic search of Cochrane Library, Cochrane Clinical Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ACM Digital Library and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Web of Science was performed for reports examining automated systems and volumetric scanning foraminal stenosis published before 31.07.2021.

Results:
3971 articles were identified with 8 included. The automated grading systems of the neural foramen focus largely of the lumbar spine with elements that may be applicable to the cervical spine. Although there are established studies for the automated grading of the lumbar spine, it is uncertain whether any of these are reproducible in the cervical spine. Visual grading systems for the cervical spine demonstrate good inter-reader reliability between radiologists and clinicians.

Conclusion:
The Park visual grading system although has limited data on the correlation with neurological symptoms or surgical outcome does demonstrate good inter-reader reliability between radiologists and clinicians. There is scope for further development of an automated grading system for cervical foraminal stenosis to improve the speed and consistency of image interpretation.
Neurobiological Correlates Shared Between Obesity, BED and Food
Addiction
Authors: Capasso Anna , Milano Walter , Carizzone Francesca , De Biasio Valeria , Angela Mercorio Maria , Francesca Milano Maria , Saetta Biancamaria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The ubiquity of the obesity condition in the United States, Europe and other regions with
developed economies will associate to a significant adverse impact on public health. Numerous data
indicate that social, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and metabolic factors may encourage compulsive
eating behaviors thus increasing the risk of obesity. Several pathological conditions overlap with excess weight. Among the most common, there are binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA),
which share several neurobiological and behavioral aspects with substance addictions. BED has many
features in common with addictive behavior, such as loss of control and the need to frequently repeat
the dysfunctional pattern despite negative consequences.
The food addiction hypothesis assumes that exposure to highly palatable foods alters the reward circuits of the brain, resulting in a behavioral phenotype similar to substance addiction and facilitating
dysfunctional eating behaviors, such as binge eating crises. In this review, over 100 publications, researched on MEDLINE from 2000 until march 2021, were included since they evaluate neuroendocrine changes, emotional homeostatic factors and the reward circuit, associating them with exposure
to highly palatable foods, loss of control, the way we eat, the increase in impulsiveness and the inability to change eating behavior despite the negative consequences related to overweight and obesity.
Finally, understanding the underlying neurobiological circuits of compulsive eating behaviors and
food addiction could result in a great therapeutic potential for patients suffering from ailments nutrition
and obesity.
Progresses in Nano-Enabled Platforms for the Treatment of Vaginal
Disorders
Authors: Patel Riya , Yadav Bindu Kumari , Patel Gayatri 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The most common vaginal disorders are within the uterus. According to the latest statistics, vaginal disorders occur in 50% to 60% of females. Although curative treatments rely on surgical therapy, still first-line treatment is a noninvasive drug. Conventional therapies are available in the oral and parenteral route, leading to nonspecific targeting, which can cause dose-related side effects. Vaginal disorders are localized uterine disorders in which intrauterine delivery via the vaginal site is deemed the preferable route to mitigate clinical drug delivery limitations.

Objective:
This study emphasizes the progress of site-specific and controlled delivery of therapeutics in the treatment of vaginal disorders and systemic adverse effects as well as the therapeutic efficacy

Methods:
Related research reports and patents associated with topics are collected, utilized, and summarized the key findings.

Result:
The comprehensive literature study and patents like (US 9393216 B2), (JP6672370B2), and (WO2018041268A1) indicated that nanocarriers are effective above traditional treatments and have some significant efficacy with novelty.

Conclusion:
Nowadays, site-specific and controlled delivery of therapeutics for the treatment of vaginal disorders is essential to prevent systemic adverse effects and therapeutic efficacy would be more effective. Nanocarriers have therefore been used to bypass the problems associated with traditional delivery systems for the vaginal disorder.
Coconut Water - Healthy Beverage with Multiple Therapeutic Potentials
Authors: Mishra Sudhanshu , Ojha Smriti , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Sharma Disha , Kumar Akhalesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Cocos Nucifera (L.) is a tree that offers multiple advantages to the food and health industry.
The most useful natural resource in the world, coconut water, has a long history of use in medicine
and healthcare due to its ability to maintain hydration. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory,
hepatoprotective, antipyretic, wound curing, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic,
diuretic, antioxidant, and renal regeneration properties. Over the last few decades, numerous
studies describing its nutritional and medicinal properties have been published in reputable
scientific journals. Information related to the therapeutic benefits of coconut is available in traditional
Ayurvedic writings, and it is consistent with recent scientific findings.
User Perceptions of eHealth and mHealth Services Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Diets: Systematic Review
Authors: Bergevi Julia , Andermo Susanne , Woldamanuel Yohannes , Johansson Unn-Britt , Hagströmer Maria , Rossen Jenny 
Published: June 2022

Background
Physical activity and a diet that follows general recommendations can help to prevent noncommunicable diseases. However, most adults do not meet current recommended guidelines, and support for behavior change needs to be strengthened. There is growing evidence that shows the benefits of eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) services in promoting healthy habits; however, their long-term effectiveness is uncertain because of nonadherence.

Objective
We aimed to explore users’ perceptions of acceptability, engagement, and usability of eHealth and mHealth services that promote physical activity, healthy diets, or both in the primary or secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. We performed the literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases in February 2021 and July 2021. The search was limited to papers published in English between 2016 and 2021. Papers on qualitative and mixed method studies that encompassed eHealth and mHealth services for adults with a focus on physical activity, healthy diet, or both in the primary or secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases were included. Three authors screened the studies independently, and 2 of the authors separately performed thematic analysis of qualitative data.

Results
With an initial finding of 6308 articles and the removal of 427 duplicates, 23 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Based on users’ preferences, an overarching theme—eHealth and mHealth services provide value but need to be tailored to individual needs—and 5 subthemes—interactive and integrated; varying and multifunctional; easy, pedagogic, and attractive; individualized and customizable; and reliable—emerged.

Conclusions
New evidence on the optimization of digital services that promote physical activity and healthy diets has been synthesized. The findings represent users’ perceptions of acceptability, engagement, and usability of eHealth and mHealth services and show that services should be personalized, dynamic, easily manageable, and reliable. These findings can help improve adherence to digital health-promoting services.