bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A homogeneous dopamine–silver nanocomposite coating: striking a balance between the antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility of dental implants
Authors: Wang Shuang , Wu Zichen , Wang Yankai , Hong Huilei , Zhang Lijie , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Pengkang , Chen Zirui , Zhang Weibo , Zheng Shunli , Li Quanli , Li Wei , Li Xiangyang , Qiu Hua , Chen Jialong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Silver has been widely used for surface modification to prevent implant-associated infections. However, the inherent cytotoxicity of silver greatly limited the scope of its clinical applications. The construction of surfaces with both good antibacterial properties and favorable cytocompatibility still remains a challenge. In this study, a structurally homogeneous dopamine–silver (DA/Ag) nanocomposite was fabricated on the implant surface to balance the antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of the implant. The results show that the DA/Ag nanocomposites prepared under the acidic conditions (pH = 4) on the titanium surface are homogeneous with higher Ag+ content, while an obvious core (AgNPs)–shell (PDA) structure is formed under neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline conditions (pH = 10), and the subsequent heat treatment enhanced the stability of PDA–AgNPs nanocomposite coatings on porous titanium. The antibacterial test, cytotoxicity test, hypodermic implantation and osteogenesis test revealed that the homogeneous PDA–AgNPs nanocomposite coating achieved the balance between the antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility, and had the best outcomes for soft tissue healing and bone formation around the implants. This study provides a facile strategy for preparing silver-loaded surfaces with both good antibacterial effect and favorable cytocompatibility, which is expected to further improve the therapeutic efficacy of silver composite-coated dental implants.
Subsidizing Labour Hoarding in Recessions: The Employment and Welfare Effects of Short-time Work
Authors: Giupponi Giulia , Landais Camille 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Short-time work (STW) policies provide subsidies for hour reductions to workers in firms experiencing temporary shocks. They are the main policy tool used to support labour hoarding during downturns and were aggressively used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Yet, very little is known about their employment and welfare consequences. This article leverages unique administrative social security data from Italy and quasi-experimental variation in STW policy rules to offer evidence on the effects of STW on firms’ and workers’ outcomes during the Great Recession. Our results show large and significant negative effects of STW treatment on hours, but large and positive effects on headcount employment. We then analyse whether these positive employment effects are welfare enhancing, distinguishing between temporary and more persistent shocks. We first provide evidence that liquidity constraints and rigidities in wages and hours may make labour hoarding inefficiently low without STW. Then, we show that adverse selection of low productivity firms into STW reduces the long-run insurance value of the program and creates significant negative reallocation effects when the shock is persistent.
On the Frontlines: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Workers’ Well-Being
Authors: Schwartz Tayri Talia Meital 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The crisis created by the spread of COVID-19 brought increasing needs and referrals to social welfare services in many countries. However, at the same time, social services suffered from staff cutbacks and service closures, resulting in significant workload increases to address the hardships associated with the pandemic. This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Israeli social workers’ well-being, using a mixed-methods design with a sample of 2,542 licensed social workers. Findings show that over 70 percent of social workers suffered from at least one health problem related to their work. Path analysis findings indicated that social workers who experienced greater service restrictions reported a greater decrease in job satisfaction and experienced higher levels of stress and work-related problems. Machine learning emotion-detection analysis revealed that the pandemic affected their lives, causing feelings of fear, frustration, and sadness. This article demonstrates how social workers whose work was characterized by greater service restrictions were less satisfied with their jobs, more stressed, and experienced greater job-related health problems, and concludes with a discussion of the implications for social work practice in times of crisis.
Molecular phylogeny of human adenovirus type 41 lineages
Authors: Götting Jasper , Cordes Anne K , Steinbrück Lars , Heim Albert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type 41 of human adenovirus species F (HAdV-F41) is a frequent aetiology of gastroenteritis in children, and nosocomial as well as kindergarten outbreaks have been frequently described. In contrast to other HAdV types, HAdV-F41 was not associated with a life-threatening disseminated disease in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients or any severe organ infections so far. Due to the limited clinical significance, the evolution of HAdV-F41 has not been studied in detail. Recently, HAdV-F41 has been associated with severe hepatitis in young children, and interest in HAdV-F41 has skyrocketed, although the aetiology of hepatitis has not been resolved. Complete genomic HAdV-F41 sequences from thirty-two diagnostic specimens of the past 11 years (2011–22) were generated, all originating from gastroenteritis patients. Additionally, thirty-three complete HAdV-F41 genomes from GenBank were added to our phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of sixty-five genomes indicated that HAdV-F41 evolved with three lineages co-circulating. Lineage 1 included the prototype ‘Tak’ from 1973 and six isolates from 2007 to 2017 with an average nucleotide identity of 99.3 per cent. Lineage 2 included 53 isolates from 2000 to 2022, had an average nucleotide identity of 99.8 per cent, and split into two sublineages. Lineage 3, probably described for the first time in 2009, had a 45-nucleotide deletion in the long fibre gene and had evolved significantly in the short fibre and E3 region. Moreover, a recent Lineage 3 isolate from 2022 had a recombinant phylogeny of the short fibre gene. Fibres interact with cellular receptors and determine cellular tropism, whereas E3 gene products interfere with the immune recognition of HAdV-infected cells. This in-depth study on the phylogeny of HAdV-F41 discovered significant evolution of recently described Lineage 3 of HAdV-F41, possibly resulting in altered cellular tropism, virulence, and pathophysiology.
Second-Degree Burns and Aloe Vera: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Sonali , Alfonso Allyson R. , Gordon Alex J. , Kwong Jennifer , Lin Lawrence J. , Chiu Ernest S. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Aloe vera is a cost-effective, accessible wound care adjunct with a minimal risk profile. Despite its centuries-long history being used to treat varying wound types, published reports remain inconclusive on its efficacy. In this article, the authors report the results of a systematic review assessing the efficacy of topical aloe vera products in wound care applications, as well as a meta-analysis of its utility in burn healing where data are most robust.

Data Sources
In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials assessing the use of aloe vera in healing various wound types.

Study Selection
The database search identified 91 articles. After duplicates were removed, 74 articles were screened, and of those, 47 were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 28 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 4 studies assessing second-degree burns were included in the meta-analysis.

Data Extraction
The following data points were collected from each study: number of participants/wounds, treatment type, adjunctive therapy (if any), and primary outcomes.

Data Synthesis
Risk-of-bias analysis was conducted on included articles, and results were compiled. A meta-analysis was undertaken for studies focusing on the treatment of burns. Cumulatively, these studies had a total of 133 patients with 163 wounds being assessed. Analysis revealed a statistically significant mean difference in time to healing of 4.44 days in favor of aloe vera treatment (P = .004).

Conclusions
Topical aloe vera usage for second-degree burn wound healing demonstrated significantly faster time to healing compared with other treatments.
The Effect of Sanyrene Liquid Dressing in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Siqing , Chen Lanpeng , Yang Zhaoxia , Luo Wenxin , Zhong Liping , Liu Yuxia , Chen Jianmin , Xu Lihong , Xie Minyi , Yang Xiaoyue 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the efficacy of Sanyrene liquid dressing (Urgo Medical) in preventing radiation dermatitis (RD) among patients with cancer after radiotherapy.

Data Sources
The authors searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published from inception to January 2021.

Study Selection
The preliminary search identified 146 studies. After removing duplicates, applying exclusion criteria, and screening titles and abstracts, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction
A standardized form was constructed to extract data from eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.

Data Synthesis
The authors identified a total of 19 studies involving 1,508 patients that assessed the effectiveness of Sanyrene liquid dressing in preventing RD in patients with cancer after radiotherapy. The findings suggested that Sanyrene decreases the total incidence of RD (odds ratio [OR], 5.00; 95% CI, 2.77–9.03; P < .00001), as well as the incidence of RD grade 2 (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36–0.85; P = .007), grade 3 (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09–0.57; P = .002), and grade 4 (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13–0.78; P = .01). In addition, in comparison with controls, Sanyrene liquid dressing improves the cure rate (OR, 8.18; 95% CI, 4.03–16.60; P < .00001) and delays the occurrence of RD (mean difference, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.03-4.36; P < .00001).

Conclusions
Sanyrene liquid dressing can decrease both the total incidence of RD and the incidence of RD above grade 2. It also improves the cure rate and delays the occurrence of RD. Thus, Sanyrene may be a superior option for preventing RD after radiotherapy. However, the findings were assessed as moderate- to low-quality evidence and more high-quality trials are needed to support this result.
New Indication for Topical Ruxolitnib
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: October 2022

The Food and Drug Administration has approved the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitnib (Opzelura) as topical treatment for nonsegmental vitiligo in children and adults ages 12 years and older.The most common adverse effects are application site acne, application site itching, common cold, headache, urinary tract infection, application site redness, and fever.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Neurocognitive Function and Symptoms of Post-COVID Condition
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: October 2022

According to this study:

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms, pain, and fatigue in patients who have post–COVID-19 condition.The beneficial effect of the therapy can be attributed to increased brain perfusion and neuroplasticity in regions associated with cognitive and emotional roles.
Engineering High Throughput Screening Platforms of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Cadena Ines A , Buchanan Mina R , Harris Conor G , Jenne Molly A , Rochefort Willie E , Nelson Dylan , Fogg Kaitlin C 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a critical need for complex multicellular three-dimensional physiomimetic models of cancer that can interface with high throughput drug screening methods to assess anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic drug efficacy in a rapid yet high content manner. We report a multilayer multicellular platform of human cervical cancer cell lines and primary human microvascular endothelial cells that incorporates critical biophysical and extracellular matrix cues, interfaces with standard high throughput drug screening methods, and can evaluate cervical cancer invasion and endothelial microvessel formation over time. Through the use of Design of Experiments statistical optimization, we identified the specific concentrations of collagen I, fibrinogen, fibronectin, GelMA, and PEGDA in each hydrogel layer that maximized cervical cancer invasion and endothelial microvessel length simultaneously. We then validated the optimized platform and assessed the viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogels as well as their individual constituents. Finally, using this optimized platform, we conducted a targeted drug screen of four clinically relevant drugs on two cervical cancer cell lines. From these data we identified each of the cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa and Ca Ski) as either responsive or refractive to Paclitaxel, Dasitinib, Dovitinib, or Pazopanib. Overall, we developed a phenotypic drug screening platform of cervical cancer that captures cell behavior present in the cervical cancer tumor microenvironment, captures patient to patient variability, and integrates with standard high throughput high content drug screening methods. This work provides a valuable platform that can be used to screen large compound libraries for mechanistic studies, drug discovery, and precision oncology for cervical cancer patients.
RNA molecules display distinctive organization at nuclear speckles
Authors: Paul Sneha , Arias Mauricio A. , Wen Li , Liao Susan E. , Zhang Jiacheng , Wang Xiaoshu , Regev Oded , Fei Jingyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA molecules often play critical roles in assisting the formation of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells. Yet, little is known about the organization of RNAs within membraneless organelles. Here, using super-resolution imaging and nuclear speckles as a model system, we demonstrate that different sequence domains of RNA transcripts exhibit differential spatial distributions within speckles. Specifically, we image transcripts containing a region enriched in SR protein binding motifs and another region enriched in hnRNP binding motifs. We show that these transcripts localize to the outer shell of speckles, with the SR motif-rich region localized closer to the speckle center relative to the hnRNP motif-rich region. Further, we identify that this intra-speckle RNA organization is driven by the strength of RNA-protein interactions inside and outside speckles. Our results hint at novel functional roles of nuclear speckles and likely other membraneless organelles in organizing RNA substrates for biochemical reactions.
Agonistic anti-CD40 converts Tregs into Type 1 effectors within the tumor micro-environment
Authors: Maltez Vivien , Arora Charu , Sor Rina , Lian Qiaoshi , Vonderheide Robert H. , Germain Ronald N. , Byrne Katelyn T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple cell types, molecules, and processes contribute to inhibition of anti-tumor effector responses, often frustrating effective immunotherapy. Among these, Foxp3+ CD4+ cells (Tregs) are well-recognized to play an immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. The first clinically successful checkpoint inhibitor, anti-CTLA-4 antibody, may deplete Tregs at least in part by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), but this effect is unreliable in mice, including in a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In contrast, agonistic CD40 antibody, which serves as an effective therapy, is associated with notable Treg disappearance in the PDAC model. The mechanism of CD40-mediated Treg loss is poorly understood, as Tregs are CD40-negative. Here we have explored the mechanistic basis for the loss of Foxp3 T cells upon anti-CD40 treatment and find, using tissue-level multiplex immunostaining and orthogonal dissociated cell analyses, that Tregs are not depleted but converted into interferon-γ(IFN-γ) producing, Type I CD4+ T effector cells. This process depends on IL-12 and IFN-γsignaling evoked by action of the anti-CD40 antibody on dendritic cells (DCs), especially BATF3-dependent cDC1s. These findings provide insight into a previously unappreciated mechanism of CD40 agonism as a potent anti-tumor intervention that promotes the re-programming of Tregs into tumor-reactive CD4+ effector T cells, markedly augmenting the anti-tumor response.
Insights into the evolution of dermal armour: osteoderms in a mammal, the spiny mouse,Acomys
Authors: Maden Malcolm , Polvadore Trey , Polanco Arod , Barbazuk William B. , Stanley Edward 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsteoderms are bony plates which develop in the dermis of the skin of vertebrates, most commonly found in fishes and reptiles. They have evolved independently at least eight times in reptiles suggesting the presence of a gene regulatory network which is readily activated and inactivated. The absence of osteoderms in birds and mammals, except for the one example of armadillos, has prevented a comparative molecular approach to their evolution. However, following CT scanning, we have discovered that in two genera ofDeomyinae, the spiny mouseAcomysand the brush-furred mouse,Lophuromysthere are osteoderms present in the skin of their tails. We have studied osteoderm development within the dermis of the tail inAcomys cahirinusto show that they begin development before birth in the proximal part of the tail skin and they do not complete differentiation throughout the tail until 6 weeks after birth. This has allowed us to study the cellular differentiation of the osteoderms with histology and immunocytochemistry and perform RNA sequencing to identify the gene networks involved in their differentiation. There is a widespread down-regulation of keratin genes and an up-regulation of osteoblast genes and a finely balanced expression of signaling pathways as the osteoderms differentiate. Future comparisons with reptilian osteoderms may allow us to understand how these structures have evolved, why they are so rare in mammals and how they are position-specific.
Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bruttel Valentin , Washburne Alex , VanDongen Antonius 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo prevent future pandemics, it is important that we understand whether SARS-CoV-2 spilled over directly from animals to people, or indirectly in a laboratory accident. The genome of SARS-COV-2 contains a peculiar pattern of unique restriction endonuclease recognition sites allowing efficient dis- and re-assembly of the viral genome characteristic of synthetic viruses. Here, we report the likelihood of observing such a pattern in coronaviruses with no history of bioengineering. We find that SARS-CoV-2 is an anomaly, more likely a product of synthetic genome assembly than natural evolution. The restriction map of SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with many previously reported synthetic coronavirus genomes, meets all the criteria required for an efficient reverse genetic system, differs from closest relatives by a significantly higher rate of synonymous mutations in these synthetic-looking recognitions sites, and has a synthetic fingerprint unlikely to have evolved from its close relatives. We report a high likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated as an infectious clone assembledin vitro.Lay SummaryTo construct synthetic variants of natural coronaviruses in the lab, researchers often use a method calledin vitrogenome assembly. This method utilizes special enzymes called restriction enzymes to generate DNA building blocks that then can be “stitched” together in the correct order of the viral genome. To make a virus in the lab, researchers usually engineer the viral genome to add and remove stitching sites, called restriction sites. The ways researchers modify these sites can serve as fingerprints ofin vitrogenome assembly.We found that SARS-CoV has the restriction site fingerprint that is typical for synthetic viruses. The synthetic fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 is anomalous in wild coronaviruses, and common in lab-assembled viruses. The type of mutations (synonymous or silent mutations) that differentiate the restriction sites in SARS-CoV-2 are characteristic of engineering, and the concentration of these silent mutations in the restriction sites is extremely unlikely to have arisen by random evolution. Both the restriction site fingerprint and the pattern of mutations generating them are extremely unlikely in wild coronaviruses and nearly universal in synthetic viruses. Our findings strongly suggest a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV2.
The Gender Gap Amongst Doctoral Students in the Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Schaller Michael D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHistorically women have been underrepresented in STEM careers. While the number of women receiving doctorate degrees in the biological sciences has exceeded the number of men since approximately 2005, there is still a disparity between the sexes at more advanced career stages. Achieving equity is an important social goal and there is an expected benefit to science since diverse groups outperform homogeneous groups. There are many factors that contribute to the disparity between men and women in science, including a disparity in research productivity. While many studies have documented this “productivity paradox” and examined factors driving this disparity, few studies have addressed differences in productivity between men and women doctoral students. This is an important population to assess since the individuals are in the formative stages of their academic career and differences in productivity could have a significant impact on career progression. This study addresses this question and identified more than 42,000 doctoral students in the biological and biomedical sciences working with over 16,000 advisors at 235 institutions in the United States and finds a disparity in research productivity between men and women. Men produce >10% more first author papers, >15% more total papers and their first author papers receive >17% more citations. The findings establish the generality of the gender gap in research productivity among doctoral students in the biological and biomedical sciences. Redressing this gap at the formative stage of young scientists’ careers, when they are establishing their credentials to advance in their field, is important to address the disparity between the sexes in the biomedical workforce.