bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan‐glycerol complex temperature‐sensitive hydrogel for wound dressing
Authors: Wang Hongli , Yan Xingye , Jin Zheng , Wang Yiyu , Lin Yuhong , Zhao Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the development of the times, it becomes difficult or even impossible for traditional wound dressings to meet people's needs for high‐quality wound repair and management. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new biomedical dressings that can accelerate wound healing in clinical practice. In this study, N‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride chitosan (N‐2‐HACC), a derivative of chitosan, was used as raw material to sprepare N‐2‐HACC temperature sensitive hydrogel. The structure, thermal stability and water content of N‐2‐HACC temperature sensitive hydrogel were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The safety of N‐2‐HACC temperature sensitive hydrogel was evaluated by in vitro cell assay and in vitro degradation assay, and the effect of N‐2‐HACC temperature sensitive hydrogel on wound healing was evaluated by wound healing experiment in SD rats. The results show that N‐2‐HACC hydrogel, as a wound dressing, has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, good biodegradation, non‐toxic, anti‐inflammatory and so on. It plays a barrier role in the process of wound healing, provides a moist environment for the wound and accelerates wound healing. Therefore, N‐2‐HACC hydrogel has a broad application prospect in promoting wound healing as a wound dressing.
Targeting CD38 to Suppress Osteoarthritis Development and Associated Pain After Joint Injury in Mice
Authors: Gil Alabarse Paulo , Chen Liang‐Yu , Oliveira Patricia , Qin Huaping , Liu‐Bryan Ru 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the role of CD38, which can function as an enzyme to degrade NAD+, in osteoarthritis (OA) development.MethodsHuman knee cartilage from normal donors and OA donors were examined for CD38 expression. “Gain‐of‐function,” through overexpression of CD38 via transient transfection, and “loss‐of‐function,” through pharmacologic inhibition of CD38, approaches were used to assess the effects of CD38 on intracellular NAD+:NADH ratio and catabolic activity in chondrocytes. We also initiated joint injury–induced OA by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in CD38 knockout mice and wild‐type (WT; C57BL/6) mice and in WT male mice in the presence or absence of apigenin treatment. Cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone changes, and pain behavior were evaluated after DMM surgery. We also examined expression of CD38 and the neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in knee sections from these mice.ResultsCD38 expression was up‐regulated in human knee OA cartilage and in chondrocytes stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Overexpression of CD38 in chondrocytes resulted in reduced cellular NAD+:NADH ratio and augmented catabolic responses to IL‐1β. These effects were reversed by pharmacologic inhibition of CD38. Cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation, associated with increased CD38 expression in cartilage and synovium, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis, and pain‐like behavior linked to increased CGRP expression in the synovium were observed in WT mice after joint injury. Such effects were significantly reduced in mice deficient in CD38 through either genetic knockout or pharmacologic inhibition.ConclusionCD38 deficiency exerts OA disease–modifying effects. Inhibition of CD38 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
A multi‐year evaluation of medical student performance on and perceptions of collaborative gross anatomy laboratory examinations
Authors: VanLeuven Ariel J. , Szymik Brett G. , Ramsey Lynn M. , Hesse DeLoris Wenzel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCollaborative testing and its benefits have been reported in diverse disciplines across different types of academic institutions. However, there has been minimal research conducted on collaborative assessments in medical schools, particularly in the gross anatomy laboratory. The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of collaborative anatomy laboratory examinations on student performance and to gauge student perceptions of this assessment format. This study examined five academic years of medical students' performance on a two‐stage, collaborative anatomy laboratory examination wherein each student's overall score was a weighted combination of scores from the individual and team examination. Analyses of a descriptive survey capturing students' perceptions of the assessment method were also performed. Individual examination averages increased since implementing the collaborative assessment (p < 0.001), and team examination averages were higher than individual examination averages (p < 0.001). Teams outperformed each of their team members 98% of the time. Teams had a greater than 0.90 incidence of answering a question correctly if more than one person in the group got the answer correct on the individual portion, and a 0.66 incidence of answering correctly if only one person in their group answered correctly on the individual portion. Student feedback identified the discussions and learning that took place during the team portion to be a beneficial feature of this assessment format. Students also reported that this collaborative assessment made them feel a higher level of responsibility to perform well, and that it improved their understanding of gross anatomy.
Has pedagogy, technology, and Covid‐19 killed the face‐to‐face lecture?
Authors: Evans Darrell J. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lecture has been around for centuries and has featured as a popular and frequent component in higher education courses across many disciplines including anatomy. In more recent years, there has been a growing shift toward blended learning and related pedagogies that encourage active participation of students in both face‐to‐face and online learning environments. Unfortunately, in many cases, the lecture, which has typically focused on the transmission of information from educator to student has not been adapted to become a more learner‐oriented approach with opportunities for students to actively interact and engage. As a result, the future of whether the lecture should continue has once again become a center of debate. The consequence of the Covid‐19 pandemic and its aftermath have added to this with institutions now looking to stop all lectures or offer them in an online format only. This commentary argues that lecture‐style components could still feature within face‐to‐face and online provision, but only if they are used sparingly within a blended curriculum, have a defined use that aligns well to learning outcomes, are assessed as the most effective method pedagogically, and importantly integrate approaches and activities that promote student engagement. Anatomy educators have demonstrated for years that they are able to be at the forefront of pedagogical change and evidenced during the pandemic their agile and innovative ability to adapt and do things differently. Therefore, the fate of the lecture, at least in anatomy, may well be in their hands.
Operando Optoelectrochemical Analysis of Single Zinc Dendrites with a Reflective Nanopore Electrode
Authors: Li Guopeng , Mao Jiaxin , Saqib Muhammad , Hao Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDendrites can severely impair zinc battery performance. An in‐depth understanding of the dynamic morphology evolution of dendrites with operando approaches is pivotal when addressing these issues. However, in previous studies, the corresponding electrochemical signals are usually ensemble and averaged. It is very challenging to obtain detailed information about the key morphology–performance relationship. Herein, correlated high‐resolution operando optical and electrochemical studies of single dendrites on Pt reflective nanopore electrodes are reported. The zinc deposition and dissolution can be directly imaged by a high NA optical microscope, while corresponding galvanic charging and discharging curves are obtained. The correlated information of morphology changes and dynamic overpotential fluctuations under different circumstances unveils the competition between active growth vs. passivation. The isolated zinc formation at the single dendrite level is also evaluated. The methodology can be further extended to elucidate the direct relationship between dendrite evolution and electrochemical responses in various battery systems.
Understanding the Capacity Fade in Polyacrylonitrile Binder‐based LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cells**
Authors: Mathew Alma , Misiewicz Casimir , Lacey Matthew J. , Heiskanen Satu Kristiina , Mindemark Jonas , Berg Erik , Younesi Reza , Brandell Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBinders are electrochemically inactive components that have a crucial impact in battery ageing although being present in only small amounts, typically 1–3 % w/w in commercial products. The electrochemical performance of a battery can be tailored via these inactive materials by optimizing the electrode integrity and surface chemistry. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) half‐cells is here investigated as a binder material to enable a stable electrode‐electrolyte interface. Despite being previously described in literature as an oxidatively stable polymer, it is shown that PAN degrades and develops resistive layers within the LNMO cathode. We demonstrate continuous internal resistance increase in LNMO‐based cells during battery operation using intermittent current interruption (ICI) technique. Through a combination of on‐line electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization techniques, the degradation products can be identified as solid on the LNMO electrode surface, and no excessive gas formation seen. The increased resistance and parasitic processes are correlated to side‐reactions of the PAN, possibly intramolecular cyclization, which can be identified as the main cause of the comparatively fast capacity fade.
Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome
Authors: Akter Salima , Akhter Hajara , Chaudhury Habib Sadat , Rahman MD. Hasanur , Gorski Andrew , Hasan Mohammad Nazmul , Shin Yoonhwa , Rahman Md. Ataur , Nguyen Minh Nam , Choi Tae Gyu , Kim Sung‐Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake of carbohydrates (CHO), particularly a sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure levels is the predominant determining factor of MetS. Complex CHO, on the other hand, are a stable source of energy taking a longer time to digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber is an excellent source of prebiotics, which alter the gut microbial composition, which in turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result in the child developing MetS. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity in combination with dietary habits may synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic and epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the common pathophysiology of MetS in connection with the nature of CHO, intrauterine nutrition, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how dietary CHO may act as a key element in the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of obesity and MetS.
An opportunity for remote professional networking to support undergraduate career goals
Authors: Roberts Kiana , Hoyer Gretchen , Harvey Pamela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEngagement in research as an undergraduate and the availability of mentorship from peers and professionals are effective strategies for improving retention of students in STEM fields. Undergraduates in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at the University of Colorado Boulder enroll in one of two large introductory course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) as a requirement of the degree. However, more diverse efforts toward formally supporting students seeking to refine their career goals is needed. We designed a networking‐based workshop series aimed at providing access to the current and former students who have been recently successful in achieving relevant educational and career goals. This 5‐week series focused on (1) how to convert a resume to a curriculum vitae, (2) careers that are accessible with a bachelor's degree in the life sciences, (3) types of research opportunities as an undergraduate and as a post‐graduate, (4) the application process and strategies for successful candidacy in medical school applications, and (5) PhD programs and approaches to producing a competitive application. The workshop connected 52 undergraduates with mentors; the majority of participants requested contact information for continued mentoring. Here, we describe the structure of this remote workshop series and highlight results that emphasized the need for such support that may extend beyond pandemic times.
From classroom to clinic: Biochemistry lab for pre‐health majors
Authors: Bolduc Kathryn C. , McCollough Shannon L. , Stoeckman Angela K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUndergraduate laboratory courses are vital for both enhancing student learning and preparing students for their future careers. Despite their importance, laboratory courses are often met with a lack of enthusiasm from students. For pre‐health students specifically, laboratory courses are commonly seen as part of a check‐list that needs to be completed in order to achieve future education or a career, instead of seeing the information that is taught in laboratories as essential preparation. A one‐semester biochemistry laboratory module was designed to demonstrate the real‐life applications of experimental techniques. This laboratory module introduced students to common clinical measurements and included learning metabolite analysis through hands‐on experiments, connections to simulated patient visits, generation of a research question, and implementation of a student‐designed independent experiment. Surveys indicate that this approach was helpful in creating a greater understanding of the applicability of undergraduate laboratory concepts appealing specifically to pre‐health students. Additionally, students found this module to provide a variety of gained benefits, knowledge, and confidence in performing scientific techniques. The outcomes of this laboratory module indicate its success and potential to be used in curricula as an effective way to engage pre‐health students in an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory.
Quality by design‐based development and validation of an HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of pregabalin and piperine in dual drug‐loaded liposomes
Authors: Gupta Isha , Adin Syeda Nashvia , Aqil Mohd. , Mujeeb Mohd. , Sultana Yasmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current research work describes the development of a rapid HPLC method for the concurrent detection of pregabalin and piperine in dual drug‐loaded nanoformulations. The primary goal was to recognize the chromatographic conditions wherein propitious segregation of the integrants with quality peaks can be attained. An attempt to expound the target analytical profile was made to accomplish this goal, and critical method attributes (CMAs), viz. percentage acetonitrile content, injection volume and pH, which affect critical quality attributes (CQAs), were identified using systemic risk analysis. Box–Behnken design was employed to develop a relationship between CMAs and CQAs, which engenders an analytical design space. Efficient chromatographic separation for pregabalin and piperine was attained using an analytical C18 column and mobile phase comprising acetonitrile–water (pH 6.9; 70:30%, v/v) in an isocratic elution mode with a 1 ml/min flow rate. The elution was descried at an isosbestic wavelength of 221 nm using a photodiode array detector. The International Conference on Harmonization guidelines were adopted for the developed HPLC method. The validated HPLC method can be further utilized for the simultaneous quantification and detection of pregabalin and piperine in other lipid‐based nanopharmaceuticals such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanocrystals, solid‐lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, etc., in in vitro and in vivo studies.
A high‐resolution accurate mass approach to identification of graveoline metabolites using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with a photo diode array detector and quadrupole/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Hao , Guo Siyuan , Xi Shuyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraveoline is a biologically active ingredient extracted from Ruta graveolens. Current work aimed at investigating in vitro metabolism of graveoline using rat or human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Graveoline (20 μM) was incubated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–supplemented rat and human liver microsomes as well as hepatocytes. LC coupled to a photo diode array detector and quadrupole/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect and identify the metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were identified by accurate mass, elemental composition, and indicative fragment ions. A total of 12 metabolites, comprising 6 phase I and 6 phase II metabolites, were obtained. The metabolic pathways included demethylenation, demethylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and glutathion conjugation. The metabolite (M10) produced by opening the ring of the methylenedioxyphenyl moiety was detected as the most abundant in both liver microsomes and hepatocytes, mainly catalyzed by CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3A5. This study provides valuable information on the in vitro metabolism of graveoline, which is indispensable for further development and safety evaluation of this compound.
RETRACTED: Trends in the development of the economic system in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaiyrgaliyeva Maira G. , Appakova Gulmira N. , Nesipbekov Erkin N. , Baikadamov Nurken T. , Karimbergenova Madina K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study of issues of development and modernisation of the existing structure of economy is central to the scientific activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to consider the trends in the development of the economic system in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis of information, the comparative method, induction and deduction and analysis of research papers, which is relevant to the subject matter. The conclusions were drawn that the modernisation and development of the economy of Kazakhstan is a complex step‐by‐step process, which includes: mastering the manufacturing of modern products; renovation of production equipment; organic integration into the latest world innovation processes; requalification of people. The practical significance of the study is that it can be used by theorists and practitioners to investigate the development of the economic system in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Hyaluronic acid‐g‐lipoic acid granular gel for promoting diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhang Shixi , Pan Yuqing , Mao Zhiyuan , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Kunxi , Yin Jingbo , Wang Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetic patients are prone to developing chronic inflammation after trauma and have persistent nonhealing wounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recurrent bacterial infections at the site of long‐term wounds also further delay skin wound healing and tissue regeneration. In this study, a granular gel (which exhibits ROS scavenging and antibacterial properties) is fabricated based on hyaluronic acid‐g‐lipoic acid (HA‐LA). Briefly, HA‐LA is synthesized to fabricate HA‐LA microgels, which are further assembled by Ag+ via its coordination effect with disulfide in dithiolane to form a granular gel. The extrudable bulk granular gel possesses a shear‐thinning feature and is immediately restored to a solid state after extrusion, and this can be easily applied to the whole wound area. Therefore, the grafted LA not only allows for the construction of the granular gel but also removes excess ROS from the microenvironment. Additionally, the presence of Ag+ realizes the assembly of microgels and has antibacterial effects. In vivo experiments show that the HA‐LA granular gel eliminates excessive ROS at the wound site and up‐regulates the secretion of reparative growth factors, thus, accelerating common and diabetic wound healing significantly. Therefore, the ROS‐scavenging granular gel that can be applied to the wound surface with chronic inflammation demonstrates strong clinical utility.
Combining Shell and GBT‐based Finite Elements – the Best of Both Worlds?
Authors: Manta David , Gonçalves Rodrigo , Camotim Dinar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA general and efficient approach to model thin‐walled members and frames with complex geometries (including tapered and perforated members) is proposed, combining standard shell and GBT‐based (beam) finite elements. Each element type is employed where it is most effective: (i) shell elements in plastic and geometrically complex zones, and (ii) GBT elements in prismatic and elastic zones. After providing a brief overview of the finite elements employed, several illustrative numerical examples are presented and discussed, in order to show the capabilities and potential of the proposed approach – they concern linear static, bifurcation (linear stability – calculation of buckling loadings and mode shapes), vibration (calculation of natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes), dynamic and first‐order plastic zone analyses. These numerical examples involve members with tapered segments and/or perforations and frames with complex joint geometries. For validation and comparison purposes, full shell finite element results are provided – in all cases, an excellent match is obtained.
Simplified Numerical Model Development of Lightweight‐concrete Encased Cold‐formed Steel Column‐end Joints and Panels
Authors: Eid Nathalie , Joó Attila László 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for using cost‐effective structures in the construction field, more and more novel structural systems have been developed. One of these new efficient systems is cold‐formed steel (CFS) members encased in polystyrene aggregate concrete (PAC). In this study, a simplified numerical model has been proposed, using ANSYS software, for PAC‐encased CFS column‐end joints and panels under compression. Each model has been validated with previous experimental results from the literature, where both ultimate axial load and failure mode were compared with tests. The main idea in this numerical model was to substitute the bracing effect of concrete on buckling with springs. A detailed imperfection sensitivity study was performed for column‐end connections to determine the effect of imperfection values on both ultimate capacities and failure modes. The necessary equivalent geometric imperfection amplitude was determined for each case of the available tests. Finally, an equivalent geometric imperfection amplitude was proposed for column‐end joints and panels to predict the design capacity according to the test failure mode.