bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Conceptions of Fascism and Fascist Conceptions: On the Category of Fascization
Authors: Stoll Katrin 
Published: January 2022

In discussing conceptions and definitions of fascism, this text offers a new and broader perspective on the phenomenon by introducing the concept of fascization as an analytical tool. Given the fact that the conditions that fascism produced have not been destroyed, its elements have not been delegitimized and that the fascist imagination still exists in European and non-European societies, the author argues that we need a new category connecting the past and present without historicizing fascism. The author identifies practices and forms of fascization in evidence such as the EU anti-migrant and anti-refugee policy as well as racist violence in Germany after reunification. The author critically examines various definitions of fascism and analyses its key characteristics including the fascist community from a psychoanalytical perspective. The author also looks at the historiographical debate concerning the question of whether or not fascism could be considered revolutionary or counter-revolutionary. Making a clear-cut distinction between fascism and National Socialism, the author re-visits the case of Ernst Nolte whose interpretation of the origins of National Socialism resurrected the Nazi Weltanschauung by normalizing and justifying the Nazi campaign against the European Jews.
Did More Otolaryngology Residency Applicants Match at Their Home Institutions in 2021? Investigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mulcahy Collin F. , Terhaar Samantha J. , Boulos Sameh , Lee Esther , Zapanta Philip E. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the proportion of applicants who matched to their home otolaryngology program during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous 5 years. Methods: A “home program match” status was identified for residents in each PGY level and in incoming interns. The “home match proportion” (HMP) was then calculated for each program for each year from 2016 to 2021. The difference in the distribution of home matches between PGY0 and PGY 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were analyzed using the chi-square independence test and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. Results: A total of 1885 residents were identified from 101 otolaryngology residency programs. The distribution of PGY0s who home matched was statistically higher when separately compared to PGY1-5s. (PGY0 vs PGY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: 96 [30.1%] vs 63 [19.3%] P = .002, 73 [22.9%] P = .048, 50 [16.3%] P < 0.0005, 59 [19.2%] P = .002, 52 [16.9%] P < .0005). There was no statistical difference in any binary combination within PGY1 through PGY5. Conclusion: Nearly a third of applicants matched to their home institution for otolaryngology during the 2021 application cycle, a statistically significant increase compared to an average of the previous 5 years. While there are likely many reasons for this increase, we believe that the severely limited nature of away rotations due to the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in this outcome.
Structural Analysis of Injection-Molded Polyoxymethylene Treated Below a Melting Point Using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Amaki Yuko , Okada Hideki , Nagai Naoto 
Published: January 2022

The heat treatment of an injection-molded polyoxymethylene slightly below the melting point and subsequent isothermal treatment at 130 °C were performed. The polyoxymethylene structure was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and polarization infrared reflection measurements. After the heat treatment, a significant change in the surface morphology was observed, and the reflection spectrum derived from the polariton in the injection direction also changed dramatically. Since the reflection spectrum in the injection direction contains the reflection component of the perpendicular direction and vice versa, the polarization spectra of both directions can be calculated consistently. The mixing ratio of each crossed component and the pure relative permittivity both parallel and perpendicular to the main-chain direction were determined using the oscillator model. The heat treatment reduced the ratio of the perpendicular component and increased the order structure until just before melting. The structural changes characterized by the two techniques, along with Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, are discussed.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characteristic of degradation process for carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites in salt water
Authors: Tang Yuming , Dun Yuchao , Chen Xueping , Zhou Yong , Zhao Xuhui , Zuo Yu 
Published: January 2022

The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the T700/VE (vinyl ester) carbon fiber composite in 3.5% NaCl solution under open circuit potential (OCP) and cathodic polarization (−0.6 VSCE and −1.2 VSCE) conditions were studied, the moisture absorption was evaluated by weight gain test, and the degradation process was analyzed combined with scanning electron microscope. The T700/VE composite has very good resistance to degradation under OCP condition for long time (205 days) immersion, with about 0.38% moisture uptake and a slight decrease of low-frequency impedance (| Z|0.01 Hz). Cathodic polarization remarkably promotes the diffusion of moisture and ions in the resin matrix, the de-bonding between resin and carbon fibers, and characteristic of a porous electrode occurrence with a very quick decrease in | Z|0.01 Hz value. The variation of | Z|0.01 Hz is negatively correlated with the moisture absorption under OCP and −0.6 VSCE polarization conditions. So, | Z|0.01Hz may be used to monitor the water absorption and degradation process of the composite.
Psychological Issues Among Spanish Adolescents and Young People when Coming out of the Closet to Their Families
Authors: Dueñas Jorge-Manuel , Morales-Vives Fabia , Galea Natalie 
Published: January 2022

Some social settings may make the process of “coming out” more difficult for gay males and lesbian females, and the decision to do so may be even more problematic for adolescents and young people. As a result, some may choose to hide their sexual orientation, leading to emotional suffering. This study aims to analyze the differences in perceived stress, life satisfaction, happiness, and psychological distress experienced by both coming out and closeted young people and teens. The sample included a total of 228 Spanish young people aged 16–23 years old ( M = 19.69, SD = 1.81) who identified themselves as gay or lesbian (73.2% women). The results of this study show that people in the closet show greater psychological distress (anxiety and depressive symptomatology) and perceived stress. Although perceived stress is positively related to psychological distress in both groups, the correlation is higher in the closeted group. This suggests that perceived stress has more serious consequences on the mental health of the closeted group than of the “coming out” group. To sum up, the results show the importance of family support for gay and lesbian young people.
Development of a Scale to Examine Responses to Bodily Sensations
Authors: Roche-Freedman Katherine E. , Brown Rhonda F. , Monaghan Conal , Thorsteinsson Einar , Brown John 
Published: January 2022

Objective Individual differences in the perception of bodily sensations is known to be associated with affective symptomatology. However, the way people psychologically respond to everyday bodily sensations has not been examined in a systematic and balanced way. Thus, we developed the Bodily Sensations Response Scale (BSRS) to evaluate participants’ self-reported cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to their bodily sensations. We investigated the scale’s factor structure and its psychometric properties in two studies. Method In Study 1, 297 participants completed the 50-item BSRS and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the responses. In Study 2 ( N = 284), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure of the 32-item BSRS identified in Study 1. Results In Study 1, the EFA identified a 32-item three-factor solution as the best fit for the data. Factor 1 described a defeat response to bodily sensations, Factor 2 described an acceptance response, and Factor 3 described a sensitization response. In Study 2, the three-factor solution was shown not to be parsimonious. Rather, CFA identified that the 27-item BSRS had two interpretable factors (Defeat and Acceptance) that explained participants’ psychological responses to bodily sensations. The Defeat subscale was moderately to strongly correlated with awareness of bodily sensations (i.e., Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form scores) and depression, anxiety, and stress symptom severity (i.e., Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 scores), whereas the Acceptance subscale was unrelated or only slightly negatively correlated to awareness of bodily sensations and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Conclusion The 27-item BSRS provides a psychometrically robust assessment of the way in which people psychologically respond to everyday bodily sensations. The measure can assist researchers to better understand how people psychologically process their salient bodily sensations and how this is linked to psychopathology.
An institutional review of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Brar Gurmehr , Smith Sullivan , Block Alec , Borrowdale Richard , Marzo Sam J. , Thorpe Eric , Leonetti John P. 
Published: January 2022

Objective Surgical resection is standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland. A small number (2–5%) of these tumors recur. Recurrence usually necessitates reoperation, which is technically challenging and puts the facial nerve (FN) at risk. The aim of this study is to characterize the recurrent parotid PA population and compare outcomes after surgery for singly recurrent and multiply recurrent tumors. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of patients at a single tertiary care academic medical center who underwent operations for recurrent PA of the parotid gland between 2007 and 2020. Demographic data, details of surgical interventions, pre- and postoperative FN function, and recurrence rates were studied. These factors were compared between patients with singly and multiply recurrent tumors. Results Thirty-eight patients met criteria: 4 patients presented for primary PA and subsequently recurred, 26 with a first recurrence, 7 with a second recurrence, and 1 with a fourth recurrence. Multiply recurrent PAs were more likely to require at least partial nerve sacrifice at the time of reoperation ( P = 0.0092). Significantly worse long-term FN outcomes were seen following surgery for multiply recurrent PA ( P = 0.008). There was no significant difference between the rate of re-recurrence following first revision surgery vs second-fourth revision surgery. Time to reoperation was significantly shorter between the first and second revision surgery than between the primary surgery and first revision ( P = 0.0017). Conclusion Surgery for recurrent PA incurs high risk to the FN, and this risk appears to increase in the setting of multiple recurrences.
Velopharyngeal Function Post Head and Neck Cancer: A Review
Authors: Kallambettu Veena , Bae Youkyung , Carrau Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

Background Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in head and neck cancer is frequently clinically reported, affecting both speech and swallowing function. This review sought to identify the tumor subsites and treatment modalities reported in association with VPD and summarize the current reporting methodology of VPD-related speech and swallowing outcomes in patients following head and neck cancer treatment. Methods A literature search was conducted through December 2020 using electronic databases and a total of 15 studies were included in review. Results Reported VPD was largely secondary to palate resections. Large variability in reporting methodology was noted with heavy reliance on speech-related perceptual measures and swallowing-related patient-reported outcomes over imaging and instrumental evaluations. Conclusions This review revealed inconsistencies in evaluating and reporting VPD, which likely translates into inconsistencies in clinical management. Further attention to VPD secondary to other head and neck malignancies would provide a broader perspective on VPD through head and neck cancer treatment.
Use of Population Health Data and Qualitative Analysis to Guide Local Planning and Implementation of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education
Authors: Caldwell Julia I. , Palimaru Alina , Cohen Deborah A. , Rizik-Baer Daniel , Shah-Patel Dipa , Kuo Tony 
Published: January 2022

Purpose The purpose is to describe how local quantitative and qualitative data were used to assess the progress of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) interventions in Los Angeles County, California. Approach Data from the California Health Interview Survey informed the geographical concentration of program resources during the planning phase. At the end of the program, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders were conducted to assess factors that facilitated SNAP-Ed implementation. Setting Los Angeles County, California. Participants Twenty-four project coordinators were interviewed. Intervention From 2016 to 2020, 24 organizations across Los Angeles County delivered nutrition education, reaching an estimated 2 million people. Two-hundred policy, systems, and environmental change interventions reached an estimated 1.2 million people. Method Semi-structured interview data were analyzed using a form of both inductive and deductive content analysis. A codebook was developed based on themes identified in these interviews. Each interview was coded by 2 team members; discrepancies (if they arose) were resolved by a 5-member group. Results Two facilitators—support for capacity building from a local health department and presence of community partnerships—were identified as critical factors that contributed to the success of SNAP-Ed implementation. Conclusion A local health department can increase SNAP-Ed intervention reach and uptake by assisting funded partners with further capacity building, helping them to develop feasible work plans, foster evaluation skills, and engage in sustainability planning.
Factors Related to Water Filter Use for Drinking Tap Water at Home and Its Association With Consuming Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Park Sohyun , Onufrak Stephen J. , Cradock Angie L. , Hecht Christina , Patel Anisha , Chevinsky Jennifer R. , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective To examine factors associated with water filter use (WFU) for drinking tap water at home and its association with consuming plain water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Design Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting The 2018 SummerStyles survey data. Subjects U.S. adults (≥18 years; N=4042). Measures Outcomes were intake of plain water (tap/bottled water) and SSBs. Exposure was WFU (yes, no, not drinking tap water at home). Covariates included sociodemographics, weight status, Census regions, and home ownership status. Analysis We used multivariable logistic regressions to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for consuming tap water, bottled water, or total plain water >3 cups/day (vs. ≤3 cups) and SSBs ≥1 time/day (vs. <1 time) by WFU. Results Overall, 36% of adults reported using a filter for drinking tap water at home; 14% did not drink tap water at home. Hispanics had significantly higher odds of using a water filter (AOR=1.50, 95% CI=1.14-1.98) vs non-Hispanic White. Factors significantly associated with lower odds of WFU were lower education (AOR=.69, 95% CI=.55-.86 for ≤high school; AOR=.78, 95% CI=.64-.95 for some college, vs college graduate), not being married (AOR=.81, 95% CI=.66-.98, vs married/domestic partnership), and lower household income (AOR=.68, 95% CI=.68-.90 for <$35,000, vs ≥$100,000). Using a water filter was associated with higher odds of drinking >3 cups/day of tap water (AOR=1.33, 95% CI=1.13-1.56) and lower odds of SSBs ≥1 time/day (AOR=.76, 95% CI=.62-.92). Not drinking tap water at home was associated with higher odds of drinking >3 cups/day bottled water (AOR=3.46, 95% CI=2.70-4.44). Conclusions WFU was associated with higher tap water intake and lower SSB intake among U.S. adults. WFU was higher among Hispanics, but lower among those with lower education and income and not married adults. Although WFU was associated with healthful beverage habits, additional considerations for WFU may include source water quality, oral health, cost, and proper use.
School and Community Factors Associated With the Adoption of 100% Smoke-free Policy by California Community Colleges, 2003-2019
Authors: Lui Camillia K. , Mulia Nina , Ye Yu , Patterson Deidre , Trieu Sang Leng 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Smoke- and tobacco-free policy (SFP) is an effective strategy that can reduce tobacco-related health disparities among young adults. Design Longitudinal design using administrative, survey, policy data sources, and geocoded tobacco outlet and American Community Survey data Setting California community colleges (CC) and cities/communities where colleges are located, 2003-2019. Sample 114 California CCs Data School-level (i.e., student population and demographics) and community-level data (socio-demographics, local tobacco control policy, tobacco-related norms and availability, and health resources) from 2003 to 2019. Measures Key outcome is the year CC adopted a 100% SFP. Analysis Bivariate and multivariate Cox survival models were used to analyze timing of SFP adoption. Results By 2019, 61 out of 114 (53.5%) CCs were 100% SFP. While community smoking prevalence and tobacco availability were not significant, CCs in rural areas were less likely to be smoke-free. CCs located in cities with stronger tobacco policies (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08, P < .05), which reported higher student health fees (HR = 2.00, P < .05) and received technical assistance for SFP (HR = 4.59, P < .01) were significantly associated with having 100% SFP. Conclusion Findings suggest that key community factors (strong city tobacco policies) and school and community resources (student health fees, SFP technical assistance) are associated with the presence of 100% SFP at CCs. Resources from the community or within a college might support remaining CCs in becoming 100% smoke-free.
Hydrodynamic effects of the caudal fin shape of fish in carangiform undulatory swimming
Authors: Zhong Yong , Wu Jing , Wang Chao , Li Yuhan , Song Jialei 
Published: January 2022

As an important structure for generating thrust, the shapes of fish tails have adaptively evolved to achieve great swimming performance through natural selection over hundreds of millions of years. The particular optimal tail shape of fish is not universal for all situations but significantly varies with other factors, such as undulatory kinematics. In this study, using a sharp-interface immersed boundary method with a self-propelled model, we investigated the hydrodynamic performance of swimmers that equipped with three different caudal fins in a common undulatory mode, carangiform locomotion, to determine the optimal shape. The three caudal fins tested are as follows: a round fin emulating that of snakehead fish ( channidae), an indented fin emulating that of saithe ( Pollachius virens), and a lunate fin emulating that of tuna ( Thunnus thynnus). At the regular undulating amplitude A = 0.1 L at the tail tip (L is the body length), the swimmer with the indented tail achieves the highest speed U = 1.45 L/s with a relatively high quasi-propulsive efficiency of η q = 0.324; at a higher undulating amplitude A = 0.15 L, the indented tail swimmer achieves slightly lower speed than the lunate fin swimmer, who has the highest speed (2.06 L/s vs. 2.07 L/s), but the efficiency of the former is higher than that of the latter. Therefore, the indented fin is believed to perform the best among the three fins tested regarding carangiform undulatory swimming. This finding is consistent with observations made on fish in nature, for example, carangiform swimming fish that have been evolving for hundreds of millions of years have a caudal fin similar to the indented caudal fin in the current study.
Controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles using an acoustofluidic micromixer based on ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Liu Guojun , Wang Meng , Zhu Duanyi , Liu Qiang , Dong Luntao , Wang Conghui , Li Xinbo , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: January 2022

Combined liquid-phase reduction method and ultrasonic vibration mixing technology, a new method for controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an acoustofluidic micromixer is proposed. First, the working mechanism of the acoustofluidic micromixer and the basic principle of the liquid-phase reduction method were briefly described. Then, based on the finite element theory, the simulation software COMSOL was utilized to analyze the vibration pattern and acoustic streaming field of the device. Finally, a series of AgNPs synthesis experiments were carried out using a self-made prototype. Controllable synthesis was achieved by adjusting the control parameters of the device and changing the reagent dosage. And the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Simulation and experimental results show that rapid and homogeneous mixing reaction inside a microchannel is demonstrated via the acoustic streaming phenomenon induced by the interdigital transducers (IDT). The driving voltage, reductant, and protectant concentration have significant effects on the synthesis of AgNPs. Ultrasonic vibration combines with a proper protectant dosage can effectively inhibit particle agglomeration and ensure that the synthesized AgNPs have good homogeneity and monodispersity. When the working voltage is 30–40 V and the concentration ratio of reductant to the precursor is 2:1, the quality of the synthesized AgNPs is better. The samples are approximately spherical, without a large number of agglomerates, and high monodispersity. At this point, the average particle size is about 24.4 nm and the deviation is below 5.01 nm. The excellent and fast mixing reaction performance makes the proposed acoustofluidic micromixer a promising candidate for a wide variety of applications.