bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the gravity‐controlled environment
Authors: Nakaji‐Hirabayashi Tadashi , Matsumura Kazuaki , Ishihara Reiichi , Ishiguro Tatsuya , Nasu Hiromitsu , Kanno Masatsugu , Ichida Shunji , Hatashima Toshikatsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) present a promising cell source with the potential to be used for curing various intractable diseases, and it is expected that the development of regenerative medicine employing cell‐based therapy would be significantly accelerated when such methods are established. For that, powerful methods for selective growth and differentiation of hMSCs should be developed.MethodsWe developed an efficient method for hMSC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes using gravity‐controlled environments.ResultsThe results indicate that the average doubling time of hMSCs cultured in a regular maintenance medium under microgravity conditions (0.001 G) was 1.5 times shorter than that of cells cultured under natural gravity conditions (1.0 G). Furthermore, 99.2% of cells grown in the microgravity environment showed the expression of hMSC markers, as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs expanded in the microgravity environment was enhanced under microgravity and hypergravity conditions, respectively, as evidenced by the downregulation of hMSC markers and upregulation of osteoblast and adipocyte markers, respectively. Most cells differentiated into osteoblasts in the microgravity environment after 14 days (~80%) and adipocytes in the hypergravity environment after 12 days (~90%).ConclusionsOur results indicate that hMSC proliferation and selective differentiation into specific cell lineages could be promoted under microgravity or hypergravity conditions, suggesting that cell culture in the gravity‐controlled environment is a useful method to obtain cell preparations for potential clinical applications.
Cold atmospheric plasma modification and electrical conductivity induction in gelatin/polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers for neural tissue engineering
Authors: Sahrayi Hamidreza , Hosseini Elham , Ramazani Saadatabadi Ahmad , Atyabi Seyed Mohammad , Bakhshandeh Haleh , Mohamadali Marjan , Aidun Amir , Farasati Far Bahareh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis research follows some investigations through neural tissue engineering, including fabrication, surface treatment, and evaluation of novel self‐stimuli conductive biocompatible and degradable nanocomposite scaffolds.MethodsGelatin as a biobased material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a mechanical, electrical, and piezoelectric improvement agent were co‐electrospun. In addition, polyaniline/graphene (PAG) nanoparticles were synthesized and added to gelatin solutions in different percentages to induce electrical conductivity. After obtaining optimum PAG percentage, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment was applied over the best samples by different plasma variable parameters. Finally, the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was analyzed and approved by in vitro tests using two different PC12 and C6 cell lines. In the present study the morphology, FTIR, dynamic light scattering, mechanical properties, wettability, contact angle tests, differential scanning calorimetric, rate of degradation, conductivity, biocompatibility, gene expression, DAPI staining, and cell proliferation were investigated.ResultsThe PAG percentage optimization results revealed fiber diameter reduction, conductivity enhancement, young's modulus improvement, hydrophilicity devaluation, water uptake decrement, and degradability reduction in electrospun nanofibers by increasing the PAG concentration. Furthermore, ATR‐FTIR, FE‐SEM, AFM, and contact angle tests revealed that helium CAP treatment improves scaffold characterizations for 90 s in duration time. Furthermore, the results of the MTT assay, FE‐SEM, DAPI staining, and RT‐PCR revealed that samples containing 2.5% w/w of PAG are the most biocompatible, and CAP treatment increases cell proliferation and improves neural gene expression in the differentiation medium.ConclusionsAccording to the results, the samples with the 2.5% w/w of PAG could provide a suitable matrix for neural tissue engineering in terms of physicochemical and biological.
A century of Morita therapy: What has and has not changed
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Niimura Hidehito , Kitanishi Kenji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe review the history of Morita therapy (MT), which has existed for over 100 years, and examine what has changed over that period and what has not. Classic MT, which was dependent on a highly strict therapeutic approach, gradually lost its pre‐eminence, but at the same time, the fundamental theory of MT was refined. This theory came to be applied to current outpatient MT and adapted to inpatient MT. As MT was refined, a standard training system for therapists was established, adaptations to modern conditions were made and expanded, and comparisons to and dialogs with other psychotherapeutic concepts such as mindfulness became possible. To better evaluate MT, further work should be conducted on its effectiveness of from a clinical epidemiological perspective.
Hybrid optimization algorithm based feature selection for mammogram images and detecting the breast mass using multilayer perceptron classifier
Authors: Rajendran Reenadevi , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama , Ravi Vinayakumar , Sennan Sankar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the second most frequent malignant tumor in the world. Early findings of breast cancer can significantly improve treatment effectiveness. Manual methods of breast cancer diagnosis are prone to human fault and inaccuracy, and they take time. A computer‐aided diagnosis can assist radiologists in making better choices by overcoming the disadvantages of manual methods. One of the significant steps in the breast cancer diagnosis process is feature selection. In recent decades, many studies have proposed numerous hybrid optimization methods to select the optimal features in the breast cancer detection system. However, many hybrid optimization algorithms are trapped in local optima and have slow convergence speed. Thus, it reduces the classification accuracy. For resolving these issues, this work proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm that combines the grasshopper optimization algorithm and the crow search algorithm for feature selection and classification of the breast mass with multilayer perceptron. The simulation is experimented with using MATLAB 2019a. The efficacy of the proposed hybrid grasshopper optimization‐crow search algorithm with multilayer perceptron system is compared to multilayer perceptron based algorithms of enhanced and adaptive genetic algorithm, teaching learning‐based whale optimization algorithm, butterfly optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, and grasshopper optimization algorithm. From the results obtained, the proposed grasshopper optimization‐crow search algorithm with the multilayer perceptron method outperforms the comparative models in terms of classification accuracy (97.1%), sensitivity (98%), and specificity (95.4%) for the mammographic image analysis society dataset.
Histopathologic features of necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: Johnson Emma , Patel Meera H. , Brumfiel Caitlin M. , Severson Kevin J. , Bhullar Puneet , Boudreaux Blake , Butterfield Richard J. , DiCaudo David J. , Nelson Steven A. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mangold Aaron R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNecrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is an uncommon granulomatous dermatosis that can occur in patients with or without associated diabetes mellitus (DM). Prior studies have attempted to determine distinctive histopathologic features of NL in patients with and without DM.MethodsA retrospective review of 97 patients with NL was performed to determine the similar and distinctive histopathologic features in patients with DM and without DM.ResultsOf the 97 patients, 32% (n = 31) had DM. Epidermal acanthosis was seen more commonly in diabetics than nondiabetics (32.3% vs. 12.1%; p = 0.017). Naked (sarcoidal/tuberculoid) granulomas were more frequently observed in nondiabetics than diabetics (22.7% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.016). Eosinophils were more common in nondiabetics than diabetics (38.5% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.004), while neutrophilic infiltration was more common in diabetics than nondiabetics (45.2% vs. 17.5%; p = 0.004).ConclusionsThis study corroborates well‐documented histopathologic features of NL and shows distinctive histopathologic features of NL among patients with DM‐I, DM‐II, and without DM. These results support the hypothesis that there are different underlying drivers of NL between diabetics and nondiabetics.
Three‐Dimensional printed model for preclinical training in oral radiology
Authors: Giacomini Giuliano O. , Dotto Gustavo N. , Mello Wislem M. , Dutra Vinícius , Liedke Gabriela S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction3D printing is experiencing significant growth in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to present a 3D printed skull model for preclinical intraoral radiographic practice.Materials and MethodsTwo 3D printed mannequins were created. One mannequin used an STL file of a skull that was edited using two 3D modelling software (Meshmixer and Netfabb). The second mannequin was designed directly from a patient's segmented CBCT data and then converted into an STL file. Both mannequins were printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology and polylactic acid (PLA) filament; teeth for the second mannequin were also printed using digital light processing (DLP). The printed skull bones were attached, the mandible was articulated to the articular fossa of the temporal bone, and the teeth were inserted into the alveoli. Intraoral radiographs of both mannequins were taken using a digital sensor (RVG 5100, Carestream).ResultsBoth 3D printed mannequins showed satisfactory radiographic appearance, allowing geometric representation of each intraoral radiographic projection, regardless of STL file origin. Anatomical structures, such as the periodontal ligament space, zygomatic process of the maxilla and intermaxillary suture, were represented. The material cost of the first and second printed prototype was $34.00 and $39.00, respectively.ConclusionsThe use of 3D printed models is presented as an alternative to artificial commercial phantoms for the preclinical training of intraoral radiographic techniques through the combined benefits of superior radiographic projection quality, the possibility of model manipulation and an affordable price.
Acute onset movement disorders in diabetes mellitus: A clinical series of 59 patients
Authors: Dubey Souvik , Chatterjee Subhankar , Ghosh Ritwik , Louis Elan D. , Hazra Avijit , Sengupta Samya , Das Shambaditya , Banerjee Abhirup , Pandit Alak , Ray Biman Kanti , Benito‐León Julián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNo previous study has assessed the frequency and clinical–radiological characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute onset nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. We conducted a prospective study to investigate the spectrum of acute onset movement disorders in DM.MethodsWe recruited all the patients with acute onset movement disorders and hyperglycemia who attended the wards of three hospitals in West Bengal, India from August 2014 to July 2021.ResultsAmong the 59 patients (mean age = 55.4 ± 14.3 years, 52.5% men) who were included, 41 (69.5%) had choreic or ballistic movements, and 18 (30.5%) had nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. Ballism was the most common movement disorder (n = 18, 30.5%), followed by pure chorea (n = 15, 25.4%), choreoathetosis (n = 8, 13.6%), tremor (n = 5, 8.5%), hemifacial spasm (n = 3, 5.1%), parkinsonism (n = 3, 5.1%), myoclonus (n = 3, 5.1%), dystonia (n = 2, 3.4%), and restless leg syndrome (n = 2, 3.4%). The mean duration of DM was 9.8 ± 11.4 years (89.8% of the patients had type 2 DM). Nonketotic hyperglycemia was frequently (76.3%) detected. The majority (55.9%) had no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes; the remaining showed striatal hyperintensity. Eight patients with MRI changes exhibited discordance with sidedness of movements. Most of the patients (76.3%) recovered completely.ConclusionsThis is the largest clinical series depicting the clinical–radiological spectrum of acute onset movement disorders in DM. Of note was that almost one third of patients had nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. Our findings highlight the importance of a capillary blood glucose measurement in patients with acute or subacute onset movement disorders, irrespective of their past glycemic status.
Conserved molecular pathways underlying biting in two divergent mosquito genera
Authors: Siperstein Alden , Marzec Sarah , Fritz Megan L. , Holzapfel Christina M. , Bradshaw William E. , Armbruster Peter A. , Meuti Megan E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMosquitoes transmit a wide variety of devastating pathogens when they bite vertebrate hosts and feed on their blood. However, three entire mosquito genera and many individual species in other genera have evolved a nonbiting life history in which blood is not required to produce eggs. Our long‐term goal is to develop novel interventions that reduce or eliminate the biting behavior in vector mosquitoes. A previous study used biting and nonbiting populations of a nonvector mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, as a model to uncover the transcriptional basis of the evolutionary transition from a biting to a nonbiting life history. Herein, we ask whether the molecular pathways that were differentially expressed due to differences in biting behavior in W. smithii are also differentially expressed between subspecies of Culex pipiens that are obligate biting (Culex pipiens pipiens) and facultatively nonbiting (Culex pipiens molestus). Results from RNAseq of adult heads show dramatic upregulation of transcripts in the ribosomal protein pathway in biting C. pipiens, recapitulating the results in W. smithii, and implicating the ancient and highly conserved ribosome as the intersection to understanding the evolutionary and physiological basis of blood feeding in mosquitoes. Biting Culex also strongly upregulate energy production pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid (TCA) cycle relative to nonbiters, a distinction that was not observed in W. smithii. Amino acid metabolism pathways were enriched for differentially expressed genes in biting versus nonbiting Culex. Relative to biters, nonbiting Culex upregulated sugar metabolism and transcripts contributing to reproductive allocation (vitellogenin and cathepsins). These results provide a foundation for developing strategies to determine the natural evolutionary transition between a biting and nonbiting life history in vector mosquitoes.
A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop‐specific emission factors
Authors: Wang Yan , Yao Zhisheng , Zheng Xunhua , Subramaniam Logapragasan , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. However, the estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EFds) of applied N for various cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop‐specific seasonal and annual‐scale NO EFds through synthesizing 1094 measurements from 125 field‐based studies worldwide. The global mean crop‐specific seasonal EFd was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EFd of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EFd across all cropping systems was 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual‐scale EFds ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N, and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EFds. Based on obtained specific EFds for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42–0.62 Tg N year−1. Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72–1.66 Tg N year−1) or reported elsewhere (0.67–1.04 Tg N year−1). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta‐analysis provides improved crop‐specific NO EFds reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, that is, agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus.
Does the cradle of power exist? Sequence analysis of top bureaucrats' career trajectories
Authors: Trangbæk Amalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTop bureaucrats are the nexus between politics and administration. Besides being the chief operating officer of the ministry, they are technical experts and political advisors to the minister. This makes them central actors in bureaucratic studies. Despite their powerful position, few have studied their path to power. Utilizing sequence analysis, I analyze the career trajectories of permanent secretaries, providing a rich measure of career paths. Denmark is used as a case of a European parliamentary system, and a novel dataset has been collected containing career information on permanent secretaries from 1925 to 2020. The analysis reveals five ideal‐typical career paths and illustrates how career trajectories have become more diverse over time. Fewer top bureaucrats are rising through the ranks within a single ministry; instead, there has been an increase in inter‐ministerial shifts and in experience providing political craft. Finally, the position is becoming a steppingstone rather than the final position.
Current practice for primary headache disorders and perspectives on peripheral nerve blocks among emergency physicians in Canada: A national survey
Authors: Patel Dilan , Taljaard Monica , Yadav Krishan , James Daniel , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis national postal survey aimed to examine Canadian emergency physicians’ practice patterns with respect to drug treatment and perspectives on peripheral nerve blocks.BackgroundThe treatment of primary headache disorders in the emergency department is variable.MethodsWe surveyed 500 emergency physicians listed in the Canadian Medical Directory according to a modified Dillman’s method: an initial invitation was followed by up to four reminders to nonresponders. Physicians were asked questions regarding their frequency of medication administration and perspectives toward peripheral nerve blocks.ResultsOf 500 mailed surveys, 468 were delivered and 179 physicians responded (response rate = 38.2%). The majority of physicians were men (92/144, 63.9%); 80.6% (116/144) had been in practice for greater than or equal to 10 years with 50.7% (75/148) in a community or district general teaching hospital. Commonly used pharmacotherapies for primary headaches were intravenous dopamine receptor antagonists (69%), co‐administration of ketorolac and a dopamine receptor antagonist (54.2%), intravenous fluid boluses (54%), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone (53.5%), and acetaminophen (51.4%). Only 80 of 144 physicians (55.6%) reported previous experience with peripheral nerve blocks (95% confidence interval [CI] = 48%–65%). The majority (68/80, 85.0%) agreed peripheral nerve blocks are safe and 55.1% (43/78) agreed they are effective. The vast majority (118/140, 84.3%) would consider peripheral nerve blocks as a first‐line treatment option given sufficient evidence from a future trial (95% CI = 78%–90%).ConclusionNSAIDs alone, as well as dopamine receptor antagonists with or without ketorolac are commonly used for primary headache in Canadian emergency departments. A large proportion of physicians have never used a peripheral nerve block in their practice; among those who have experience with peripheral nerve blocks, the majority find them safe and effective. The majority of respondents would consider peripheral nerve blocks as a first‐line treatment option given sufficient evidence from a future trial.
Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinomas with TFEB alterations: a comparative study
Authors: Lobo João , Rechsteiner Markus , Helmchen Birgit M , Rupp Niels J , Weber Achim , Moch Holger 
Published: April 2022

AimsEosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) is a recently described renal tumour entity with frequent cytokeratin (CK)20 positivity, commonly harbouring TSC mutations. In contrast, frequency of CK20 expression and presence of TSC mutations are unclear in TFEB‐amplified RCC and TFEB‐translocated RCC, which frequently express Melan A. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of six ESC RCC with four TFEB‐amplified/translocated RCC.Methods and resultsWe assessed the frequency of CK20 and Melan A expression by immunohistochemistry and of TSC mutations by next‐generation sequencing. TFEB alterations were confirmed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH). All tumours showed voluminous eosinophilic cells with granular cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and most showed admixture of solid and cystic areas. CK20 expression was found in all six ESC RCC and in all RCCs with TFEB alterations. Melan A positivity was identified in five of six ESC RCC and four of four RCC with TFEB alterations. We found TSC mutations in two ESC RCCs, including in one case also harbouring a CIC fusion, and identified a TSC mutation in one TFEB‐amplified RCC.ConclusionsESC RCC represents an emerging renal tumour entity with some histological, immunohistochemical and molecular overlap to TFEB‐amplified/translocated RCC. FISH for TFEB aids in this differential diagnosis in challenging cases.
The role of the courts in protecting children's rights in the context of police questioning in Ireland and New Zealand
Authors: Forde Louise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnsuring safeguards are in place from the earliest stages of criminal investigation is essential to ensure that children's rights in the youth justice system are adequately protected. The rights of children in conflict with the law are protected under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), and in situations where these rights are breached, children must have access to an effective remedy. National courts have a role to play in ensuring that children's rights are protected and in providing necessary remedies. This article explores the role the courts have played in upholding children's rights in the police questioning process in Ireland and in New Zealand.