bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Movement and Initiation of Landslide Dam Burst in the Eastern Ghats, India during the Titli Cyclone
Authors: Roul Amulya Ratna , Pradhan Sarada Prasad , Sahoo Kailash Chandra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article chronicles the landslide dam burst event from the Eastern Ghats region of India during the Titli cyclone on 12th October 2018. The event has been marked as one of the most destructive event in the region due to the abrupt increase in rainfall intensity and duration. The highly weathered profile of the Eastern Ghats metamorphosed terrain favours such fatal incidents, mostly during the monsoon and cyclone season of the Indian subcontinent. Geological and geotechnical investigation of the region followed by numerical modeling has been done to study the cause and mechanism of the incident. From the initiation of landslide to the dam formation and afterwards the bursting event, the whole event has been simulated in the Optum G2-based finite element model. The steep laterite cliff of Eastern Ghats mountains is identified as the primary concern for the stability balance in the region. Real-time monitoring of natural dams is essential to minimize the amount of risk in the region from further occurrence of such landslide-related terminal hazards.
Flow Stratigraphy from Boreholes in the Lower Cretaceous Rajmahal Trap, Bengal Basin: Megacrystic Basalt Flows and Its Use as Possible Marker Horizon
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Maharana Mandakini , Anita Kumari 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flow stratigraphy has been carried out in the Rajmahal Traps from exploratory boreholes drilled for coal in the western sector of Bengal Basin. Different volcanic flows have been demarcated according to their broad megascopic characters. These flows are primarily basaltic in nature. It mainly contains plagioclase, augite along with magnetite and Ti-magnetite and shows porphyritic texture. Inter-trappean sediments are largely argillaceous in nature and restricted towards the lower part of this volcanic sequence. However, a prominent megacrystic plagioclase bearing basaltic flow zone occurs persistently in the middle part. It demarcates two separate modes of eruption in the entire volcanic sequence. Episodic volcanism during initial phase results intermittent deposition of inter-trappean sediments below this zone whereas eruption becomes fairly continuous during later stage which inhibits sedimentation above the megacrystic flow. As this megacrystic zone is very prominent and well persistent, it can be treated as marker horizon.
Designing high-yielding wheat crops under late sowing: a case study in southern China
Authors: Liu Ke , Harrison Matthew Tom , Wang Bin , Yang Rui , Yan Haoliang , Zou Juan , Liu De Li , Meinke Holger , Tian Xiaohai , Ma Shangyu , Zhang Yunbo , Man Jianguo , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhou Meixue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCropping of rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rotation contiguously in the same field is a fundamental pillar of double-cropping systems in southern China. Yields of such cropping systems are increasingly challenged as climate change (CC) drives increases in autumnal rainfall, delaying rice harvesting and subsequent sowing of wheat. Here, our purpose was to identify prospective traits of wheat crops enabling adaptation to later sowing and successively truncated growing seasons caused by CC. To identify traits that maintained or improved yields, we constructed 4,096 hypothetical genotypes underpinned by step-wise variations in parameters regulating phenology, growth and yield components. We then assimilated biophysical response surfaces through genotype (G) by environment (E) by management (M) analyses (G×E×M) using six locations spread across the breadth of southern China. We showed that later sowing reduced cumulative radiation interception, cumulative thermal time and crop capture of growing season rainfall. The culmination of these factors shortened crop duration and decreased biomass accumulation and retranslocation after anthesis, reducing grain number and penalising yields. Genotypes that had greater radiation use efficiency, longer juvenile phases and greater grain filling rates were more effective in alleviating yield losses with delayed sowing. However, not even the highest yielding genotype × management combination could entirely alleviate yield losses with delayed sowing. Our results suggest that CC and increasingly frequent extreme climatic events may reduce wheat yields in such cropping systems in the absence of other adaptation.
Flash Flood Risk Assessment and Driving Factors: A Case Study of the Yantanxi River Basin, Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Liutong , Yan Zhengtao , Li Qian , Xu Yingjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the context of climate change, the impact of extreme precipitation and its chain effects has intensified in the southeastern coastal region of China, posing a serious threat to the socioeconomic development in the region. This study took tropical cyclones–extreme precipitation–flash floods as an example to carry out a risk assessment of flash floods under climate change in the Yantanxi River Basin, southeastern China. To obtain the flash flood inundation characteristics through hydrologic–hydrodynamic modeling, the study combined representative concentration pathway (RCP) and shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios to examine the change of flash flood risk and used the geographical detector to explore the driving factors behind the change. The results show that flash flood risk in the Yantanxi River Basin will significantly increase, and that socioeconomic factors and precipitation are the main driving forces. Under the RCP4.5-SSP2 and RCP8.5-SSP5 scenarios, the risk of flash floods is expected to increase by 88.79% and 95.57%, respectively. The main drivers in the case study area are GDP density (q = 0.85), process rainfall (q = 0.74), asset density (q = 0.68), and population density (q = 0.67). The study highlights the influence of socioeconomic factors on the change of flash flood disaster risk in small river basins. Our findings also provide a reference for regional planning and construction of flood control facilities in flash flood-prone areas, which may help to reduce the risk of flash floods.
Three-dimensional stochastic cubic nonlinear wave equation with almost space-time white noise
Authors: Oh Tadahiro , Wang Yuzhao , Zine Younes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the stochastic cubic nonlinear wave equation (SNLW) with an additive noise on the three-dimensional torus $${\mathbb {T}}^3$$

T

3

. In particular, we prove local well-posedness of the (renormalized) SNLW when the noise is almost a space-time white noise. In recent years, the paracontrolled calculus has played a crucial role in the well-posedness study of singular SNLW on $${\mathbb {T}}^3$$

T

3

by Gubinelli et al. (Paracontrolled approach to the three-dimensional stochastic nonlinear wave equation with quadratic nonlinearity, 2018, arXiv:1811.07808 [math.AP]), Oh et al. (Focusing $$\Phi ^4_3$$

Φ
3
4

-model with a Hartree-type nonlinearity, 2020. arXiv:2009.03251 [math.PR]), and Bringmann (Invariant Gibbs measures for the three-dimensional wave equation with a Hartree nonlinearity II: Dynamics, 2020, arXiv:2009.04616 [math.AP]). Our approach, however, does not rely on the paracontrolled calculus. We instead proceed with the second order expansion and study the resulting equation for the residual term, using multilinear dispersive smoothing.
From sediments to soils: changes in pore water metal bioavailability
Authors: Wijdeveld Arjan J. , Schipper Cor. A. , Heimovaara Ir. T. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Abstract
The use of sediments as soils is an area of interest for Beneficial Use of dredged sediments. In this study the impact of the transition from sediments to soils is researched by looking at the seasonal and long year (10 year) change in pore water metal chemistry of sediments which are considered clean (class A) according to the Dutch soil directive. This study is based on a combination of geohydrological, geochemical and ecotoxicological risk models and validated against measured pore water concentrations for metals over an dry/wet period. The pore water metal concentrations are compared against standards and expressed as at Risk Characterization Ratio’s (RCR) values. The RCR values are high (> 1) during the first 3 years after the application of sediments as soil, especially at the end of the summer. The multi substances Potentially Affected Fraction (ms-PAF) shows a similar trend as the RCR values, although it takes 5 years before the combined calculated potential ecotoxicity is below the legal 40% threshold level. Translated to land use, it is advised to restrict land use for farming on soils where these clean (class A) sediments are applied for a five-year transition period.

Article Highlights

Beneficial Use of sediments should take into account the different conditions when used as soils.

Use of sediments as soils lead to a predicable seasonal and multiple year trend in metal concentrations in pore water.

The predicted results in metal pore water concentrations are translated into an advice for temporal land use.
Opportunities and Risks of UK Medical Device Reform
Authors: Han Ji Eun Diana , Ibrahim Hussein , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Liu Xiaoxuan , Marston Eliot , Denniston Alastair K. , Calvert Melanie J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To identify the potential opportunities and risks around future UK regulatory reform of medical devices.

Design
A mixed methods approach, comprising a rapid literature review, one-to-one, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, a multidisciplinary stakeholder workshop, and a post-workshop survey.

Setting
United Kingdom.

Participants
32 key stakeholders across the medical device sector were identified both from the public and private sectors.

Results
Opportunities relating to regulatory independence were identified, including the potential to create and implement a regulatory framework that ensures availability of medical devices; innovation and investment potential; and safety to the citizens of the UK. The most significant risks identified included threats to the safety of individual patients and the wider health system arising from the delay in awaiting regulatory approval due to the shortage of approved bodies; and reduced competitiveness of UK market and device manufacturers. Recommendations were identified to mitigate risks, centred on harnessing broader cross-sector collaborations, promoting patient and public partnership, and maximizing international engagement.

Conclusions
The UK’s medical device sector is at a time-critical juncture to construct a regulatory framework to navigate its exit of Europe and respond to Europe's transition to new medical device regulations whilst also addressing the ongoing demand for rapid approval for new devices in response to the global pandemic. Investment, capacity-building, and international engagement will play a central role in mitigating risks and maximizing opportunities for medical device regulation.
Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) score for the assessment of factors influencing surgical outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Rahman Moshiur , Khan Robert Ahmed , Ziauddin Md , Hasan Sheikh Mahmood , Rahman Sabrina , Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Al-Salihi Mohammed Maan , Rahman Raphia , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The surgical outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis is variable. Appropriate patient selection, surgical procedure, multi-level involvement, body mass index, mental stability, etc., are factors related to outcome. According to the patient's perspective, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) gives clinicians and specialists admittance to dependable, substantial, and adaptable proportions of well-being status that evaluate physical, mental, and social prosperity.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the surgical success of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we have outlined the potential factors that have influenced the surgical outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis. A total of 146 patients were studied from 2010 to 2016.

Results:
In our study, the male and female ratio was 3:2. The mean age group was 60 years, range 50–70 years. The minimum follow-up was four years. PROMIS score was used to assess the outcome of surgery. We got the PROMIS score pre and postoperatively using online “orthotoolkit” questionnaires and calculated the patient's average scores. Decompressive laminectomy, laminotomy, unilateral approach-all procedures had similar outcomes.

Conclusion:
The outcome of surgical decompression is satisfactory, although various factors can be predictors of surgical failure. Our study suggests psychological issues, high BMI, comorbid conditions, multi-level surgeries are few that may predict poor outcomes.

Highlights
Conjonctures mondiales : la nouvelle fabrique de l’histoire politique européenne
Authors: Conrad Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

Conjonctures mondiales : la nouvelle fabrique de l’histoire politique européenneAu cours des dernières décennies, l’écriture de l’histoire européenne – qu’il s’agisse de l’histoire de l’Europe ou de celle des pays d’Europe – a connu des transformations fondamentales. Le tournant global, bien qu’il ait été adapté de différentes manières, a profondément affecté l’historiographie produite dans de nombreux pays européens. D’une part, des moments charnières de l’histoire européenne ont été réinterprétés comme parties prenantes de configurations plus larges et comme réponses aux défis mondiaux. D’autre part, il est désormais clair que la prétention de l’Europe à l’unité et à la cohésion a été renforcée notamment par des observateurs extérieurs. À la fin du xixe siècle, dans les sociétés d’Amérique latine, d’Afrique et d’Asie, les contemporains ont commencé à se référer à une « Europe » qui était moins un lieu spécifique qu’un produit de l’imagination, autrement dit : qui résultait moins de la géographie ou de la culture que de la géopolitique mondiale. Il ressort de tout cela une compréhension de l’histoire du continent qui ancre fermement celui-ci dans le contexte de conjonctures mondiales et de moments répétés de re-territorialisation.
Blood culture practices in patients with a central line at an academic medical center—Iowa, 2020
Authors: Kovoor Elias , Kobayashi Takaaki , Sheeler Lorinda L. , Trannel Alexandra , Etienne William , Abosi Oluchi , Holley Stephanie , Dains Angelique , Jenn Kyle E. , Meacham Holly , Hanna Beth , Marra Alexandre R. , Parsons Meredith , Ford Bradley , Wellington Melanie , Diekema Daniel J. , Salinas Jorge L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyzed blood-culture practices to characterize the utilization of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommendations related to catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) blood cultures. Most patients with a central line had only peripheral blood cultures. Increasing the utilization of CRBSI guidelines may improve clinical care, but may also affect other quality metrics.
Evaluation of Disability Education and Emergency Preparedness Curricula of Physician Assistant Programs
Authors: Roux Gabrielle , VanderMolen Julia K. , Christensen Paul J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether physician assistant (PA) programs in the Midwest integrate both disabilities and emergency preparedness education into 1 curriculum.

Methods:
A convenience sample was utilized to survey program directors and deans of PA programs. Emails were obtained from the Physician Assistant Education Association. A 26, closed-ended question Qualtrics survey was based on an original study by Tanenhaus et al.1

Results:
Out of 43 accredited physician assistant programs surveyed, 9 programs replied (21%), and 1 program did not complete the survey. Six of the 10 programs (66%) responded that their program provided lectures specific to emergency preparedness. All 9 programs responded they do not offer a graduate-level track or concentration in emergency/disaster preparedness, and they do not offer a dual degree or a multidisciplinary program that highlights emergency/disaster preparedness.

Conclusions:
This study was conducted to bring awareness to physician assistant students’ education regarding disabilities and emergency preparedness. As public health crises continue to arise, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is critical to have appropriately trained health care professionals. The study revealed that most programs lack a graduate-level track or concentrations, dual degrees, or extracurricular opportunities related to disabilities and emergency and disaster preparedness.
Modeling and simulating spatial extremes by combining extreme value theory with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Boulaguiem Younes , Zscheischler Jakob , Vignotto Edoardo , van der Wiel Karin , Engelke Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModeling dependencies between climate extremes is important for climate risk assessment, for instance when allocating emergency management funds. In statistics, multivariate extreme value theory is often used to model spatial extremes. However, most commonly used approaches require strong assumptions and are either too simplistic or over-parameterized. From a machine learning perspective, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a powerful tool to model dependencies in high-dimensional spaces. Yet in the standard setting, GANs do not well represent dependencies in the extremes. Here we combine GANs with extreme value theory (evtGAN) to model spatial dependencies in summer maxima of temperature and winter maxima in precipitation over a large part of western Europe. We use data from a stationary 2000-year climate model simulation to validate the approach and explore its sensitivity to small sample sizes. Our results show that evtGAN outperforms classical GANs and standard statistical approaches to model spatial extremes. Already with about 50 years of data, which corresponds to commonly available climate records, we obtain reasonably good performance. In general, dependencies between temperature extremes are better captured than dependencies between precipitation extremes due to the high spatial coherence in temperature fields. Our approach can be applied to other climate variables and can be used to emulate climate models when running very long simulations to determine dependencies in the extremes is deemed infeasible.
Forecasting commodity returns by exploiting climate model forecasts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , De Mello Lurion , Matear Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The physical and socioeconomic environments in which we live are intrinsically linked over a wide range of time and space scales. On monthly intervals, the price of many commodities produced predominantly in tropical regions covary with the dominant mode of climate variability in this region, namely the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here, for the spot prices returns of vegetable oils produced in Asia, we develop autoregressive (AR) models with exogenous ENSO indices, where for the first time these indices are generated by a purpose-built state-of-the-art general circulation model (GCM) climate forecasting system. The GCM is a numerical simulation which couples together the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice, with the initial conditions tailored to maximize the climate forecast skill at multiyear timescales in the tropics. To serve as additional benchmarks, we also test commodity forecasts using: (a) no ENSO information as a lower bound; (b) perfect future ENSO knowledge as a reference upper bound; and (c) an econometric AR model of ENSO. All models adopting ENSO factors outperform those that do not, indicating the value here of incorporating climate knowledge into investment decision-making. Commodity forecasts adopting perfect ENSO factors have statistically significant skill out to 2 years. When adopting the GCM-ENSO factors, there is predictive power of the commodity beyond 1 year in the best case, which consistently outperforms commodity forecasts adopting an AR econometric model of ENSO.
Imagining Region in Late Colonial India: Jhaverchand Meghani and the Construction of Saurashtra (1921–47)
Authors: Kapadia Aparna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe making of regional and national imaginaries in colonial South Asia and indigenous elites’ role in this process are well documented. Less clearly understood are the cultural and social elements that were subordinated to the regional formations that prevailed. By focusing on the travel writings of Jhaverchand Meghani (1896–1947), a prominent intellectual and litterateur from western India, this article illustrates the internal configurations and contestations that underpinned the imaginings of regions in South Asia. Notably, Meghani saw the cultural preservation of Saurashtra as his life's mission. This article is the first to engage in a close reading of his travelogues, situating them in the wider context of emergent ideas of Gujarat in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that by showcasing Saurashtra's particular folk and oral traditions, Meghani distinguished himself from the other regionalists and thus also sought to prevent Saurashtra's complete subsumption within the modern state of Gujarat.
The contested jurisdiction of Social Policy in UK universities since 1972
Authors: HUDSON JOHN , LUNT NEIL 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUtilising Abbott’s work on professions and disciplines we trace the broad development of Social Policy in UK universities over the past 50 years. As with all subjects, Social Policy is enmeshed in continuous boundary protection, and at the same time may seek to extend jurisdiction by laying claim to areas and activities undertaken by others. We draw on a range of sources to inform our analysis including: overviews of contributions to Journal of Social Policy; reviews of selected available UK Social Policy Association documents such as newsletters; reviews of research quality (Research Assessment Exercise/Research Excellence Framework) submissions; and student numbers data. In conclusion we consider whether reassessment of some of the jurisdictional battles of the past 50 years might provide routes forward for the subject to flourish in the current environment.
AIDS and the city: bathhouses, emplaced empathy and the de-sexualization of San Francisco
Authors: Yeros Stathis G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article traces territorial and discursive shifts in the landscape of homosexuality in San Francisco during the AIDS pandemic. I argue that a ‘de-sexualization’ of the urban landscape occurred, which I trace in debates about bathhouse closures (1983–85) and in the analysis of ARC/AIDS Vigil, a downtown activist encampment (1985–95). I trace ‘de-sexualization’ in the development of divergent forms of ‘emplaced empathy’ and the professionalization of AIDS activism between 1983 and 1990. Bathhouse iconography and associated affective forms of protest highlighted sex and eroticism, whereas representations of homosexuality at the Vigil highlighted the iconographies of domesticity and death.