bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deaf-Blindness through the Voices and Experiences of Parents and Educators
Authors: Intini Martina , Garrino Lorenza , Conti Alessio , Dimonte Valerio , Borraccino Alberto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This qualitative study used the experiences of parents and educators to explore the developmental processes and behaviors of deafblind people of different ages and with different etiologies. It also explored which strategies of intervention and care employed by parents and educators best promote and stimulate the abilities and the autonomy of deafblind people. Eligible parents and educators were identified and recruited from the New York Parents Association for Deafblind and the Helen Keller National Center on Long Island using purposeful sampling. Seven mothers, one father, and two educators were interviewed using a narrative method. Data analysis was performed using Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. The themes that emerged concern communication, expression of emotions, sense of self and external reality, autonomy, and the sphere of educational intervention. This research goes beyond existing knowledge on the syndromes/disabilities related to deafblindness, focusing instead on the combinations of varying degrees of hearing and sight deprivation.
The Distinctive Plant and Insect Assemblages of An Experimental Forest in Northern Lower Michigan (United States)
Authors: Houghton David C , Erickson Lily G , Kintz Robert C , Rowland Kaitlyn L , Gipe Nathaniel C , Adams Charles 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effects of plants on insects are not completely clear due to potential covariation of weather or location affecting both assemblages. To address this question, plant and insect assemblages were described during summer 2019 and 2020 in two different forest habitats of northern Lower Michigan. The first habitat was a hardwood forest typical of secondary succession in the region. The second was a hydric forest located ~20 m from the hardwood forest which developed after lake sediment was deposited into a 10-ha area in the early 2000s. Reflecting this sediment deposition, soil of the hydric forest had higher water content and organic matter, and was dominated by the plant genera Solidago (Asterales: Asteraceae), Rubus (Rosales: Rosaceae), and Salix (Malpighiales: Salicaceae). In contrast, the hardwood forest had greater inorganic sediment and was dominated by Pteridium (Polypodiales: Dennstaedtiaceae), Carex (Poales: Cyperaceae), and Acer. Nearly 140,000 insect specimens were sampled using pitfall trapping, sweep netting, flight intercept trapping, ultraviolet light trapping, and yellow and blue pan trapping. The first three methods each sampled a unique insect assemblage, whereas the last three overlapped in taxa sampled. Insect assemblages of the two forests were distinct from each other using any of the six methods, with abundance of Pteridium and Salix (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) generally associating with changes in insect composition. A total of 41 insect taxa indicated the hydric forest and 14 indicated the hardwood forest. Insect richness increased with that of plants. These results demonstrate that differences in soil composition and plant assemblages associate with differences in forest insect assemblages, even of forests in very close proximity.
Integrated care for optimizing the management of stroke and associated heart disease: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke
Authors: Lip Gregory Y H , Lane Deirdre A , Lenarczyk Radosław , Boriani Giuseppe , Doehner Wolfram , Benjamin Laura A , Fisher Marc , Lowe Deborah , Sacco Ralph L , Schnabel Renate , Watkins Caroline , Ntaios George , Potpara Tatjana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The management of patients with stroke is often multidisciplinary, involving various specialties and healthcare professionals. Given the common shared risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular disease, input may also be required from the cardiovascular teams, as well as patient caregivers and next-of-kin. Ultimately, the patient is central to all this, requiring a coordinated and uniform approach to the priorities of post-stroke management, which can be consistently implemented by different multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, as part of the patient ‘journey’ or ‘patient pathway,’ supported by appropriate education and tele-medicine approaches. All these aspects would ultimately aid delivery of care and improve patient (and caregiver) engagement and empowerment. Given the need to address the multidisciplinary approach to holistic or integrated care of patients with heart disease and stroke, the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke convened a Task Force, with the remit to propose a consensus on Integrated care management for optimizing the management of stroke and associated heart disease. The present position paper summarizes the available evidence and proposes consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and simple practical approaches to assist in everyday clinical practice. A post-stroke ABC pathway is proposed, as a more holistic approach to integrated stroke care, would include three pillars of management: A: Appropriate Antithrombotic therapy.B: Better functional and psychological status.C: Cardiovascular risk factors and Comorbidity optimization (including lifestyle changes).
Dual targeting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pso2 to mitochondria and the nucleus, and its functional relevance in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks
Authors: Somashekara Shravanahalli C , Muniyappa Kalappa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks involves a functional interplay among different DNA surveillance and repair pathways. Previous work has shown that interstrand crosslink-inducing agents cause damage to Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and its pso2/snm1 mutants exhibit a petite phenotype followed by loss of mitochondrial DNA integrity and copy number. Complex as it is, the cause and underlying molecular mechanisms remains elusive. Here, by combining a wide range of approaches with in vitro and in vivo analyses, we interrogated the subcellular localization and function of Pso2. We found evidence that the nuclear-encoded Pso2 contains 1 mitochondrial targeting sequence and 2 nuclear localization signals (NLS1 and NLS2), although NLS1 resides within the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Further analysis revealed that Pso2 is a dual-localized interstrand crosslink repair protein; it can be imported into both nucleus and mitochondria and that genotoxic agents enhance its abundance in the latter. While mitochondrial targeting sequence is essential for mitochondrial Pso2 import, either NLS1 or NLS2 is sufficient for its nuclear import; this implies that the 2 nuclear localization signal motifs are functionally redundant. Ablation of mitochondrial targeting sequence abrogated mitochondrial Pso2 import, and concomitantly, raised its levels in the nucleus. Strikingly, mutational disruption of both nuclear localization signal motifs blocked the nuclear Pso2 import; at the same time, they enhanced its translocation into the mitochondria, consistent with the notion that the relationship between mitochondrial targeting sequence and nuclear localization signal motifs is competitive. However, the nuclease activity of import-deficient species of Pso2 was not impaired. The potential relevance of dual targeting of Pso2 into 2 DNA-bearing organelles is discussed.
Non-Pecuniary Remedies Revisited: Expanding Influence of the ILC Articles?
Authors: Bradfield Michelle , Attanasio David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although non-monetary remedies for international law violations are a fixture of the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ILC Articles), investor-State arbitral tribunals have considered or ordered such remedies only rarely. This article surveys the role that the ILC Articles on non-monetary remedies have, and could have, in investor-State arbitration. It first reviews how tribunals have referenced and applied the ILC Articles, or the legal principles it codifies, when grappling with their power to award non-monetary remedies, the specific content of such non-monetary remedies, and the reasons not to award such remedies. It concludes that, while the ILC Articles have increasing significance, tribunals remain hesitant to award the full range of remedies provided for in the ILC Articles. The article then addresses considerations beyond the ILC Articles that tribunals have referenced in decisions on non-monetary remedies—usually as grounds to reject non-monetary remedies. The most common is concern for the effects of such remedies on State sovereignty, but considerations less frequently raised include questions about enforceability and the need for party consent. These features indicate that some tribunals remain willing to go beyond the ILC Articles in reaching decisions on non-monetary remedies. The article finally considers what lessons may be gleaned from human rights practice on non-monetary remedies. By contrast with investor-State tribunals, human rights adjudicators have enthusiastically embraced non-monetary remedies and their practice provides insights for how such remedies may be employed in disputes between private individuals and sovereign States.
Gestational age at birth, chronic conditions and school outcomes: a population-based data linkage study of children born in England
Authors: Libuy Nicolás , Gilbert Ruth , Mc Grath-Lone Louise , Blackburn Ruth , Etoori David , Harron Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
We aimed to generate evidence about child development measured through school attainment and provision of special educational needs (SEN) across the spectrum of gestational age, including for children born early term and &gt;41 weeks of gestation, with and without chronic health conditions.

Methods
We used a national linked dataset of hospital and education records of children born in England between 1 September 2004 and 31 August 2005. We evaluated school attainment at Key Stage 1 (KS1; age 7) and Key Stage 2 (KS2; age 11) and any SEN by age 11. We stratified analyses by chronic health conditions up to age 2, and size-for-gestation, and calculated population attributable fractions (PAF).

Results
Of 306 717 children, 5.8% were born &lt;37 weeks gestation and 7.0% had a chronic condition. The percentage of children not achieving the expected level at KS1 increased from 7.6% at 41 weeks, to 50.0% at 24 weeks of gestation. A similar pattern was seen at KS2. SEN ranged from 29.0% at 41 weeks to 82.6% at 24 weeks. Children born early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) had poorer outcomes than those born at 40 weeks; 3.2% of children with SEN were attributable to having a chronic condition compared with 2.0% attributable to preterm birth.

Conclusions
Children born with early identified chronic conditions contribute more to the burden of poor school outcomes than preterm birth. Evaluation is needed of how early health characteristics can be used to improve preparation for education, before and at entry to school.
Non-vanishing sharp-fronted travelling wave solutions of the Fisher–Kolmogorov model
Authors: El-Hachem Maud , McCue Scott W , Simpson Matthew J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov (KPP) model, and generalizations thereof, involves simple reaction–diffusion equations for biological invasion that assume individuals in the population undergo linear diffusion with diffusivity $D$, and logistic proliferation with rate $\lambda $. For the Fisher–KPP model, biologically relevant initial conditions lead to long-time travelling wave solutions that move with speed $c=2\sqrt {\lambda D}$. Despite these attractive features, there are several biological limitations of travelling wave solutions of the Fisher–KPP model. First, these travelling wave solutions do not predict a well-defined invasion front. Second, biologically relevant initial conditions lead to travelling waves that move with speed $c=2\sqrt {\lambda D}&gt; 0$. This means that, for biologically relevant initial data, the Fisher–KPP model cannot be used to study invasion with $c \ne 2\sqrt {\lambda D}$, or retreating travelling waves with $c &lt; 0$. Here, we reformulate the Fisher–KPP model as a moving boundary problem and show that this reformulated model alleviates the key limitations of the Fisher–KPP model. Travelling wave solutions of the moving boundary problem predict a well-defined front that can propagate with any wave speed, $-\infty &lt; c &lt; \infty $. Here, we establish these results using a combination of high-accuracy numerical simulations of the time-dependent partial differential equation, phase plane analysis and perturbation methods. All software required to replicate this work is available on GitHub.
Elevated Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 Associates With Sputum Culture Positivity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Walker N F , Karim F , Moosa M Y S , Moodley S , Mazibuko M , Khan K , Sterling T R , van der Heijden Y F , Grant A D , Elkington P T , Pym A , Leslie A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Current methods for tuberculosis treatment monitoring are suboptimal. We evaluated plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide concentrations before and during tuberculosis treatment as biomarkers. Plasma MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-10 concentrations significantly decreased during treatment. Plasma MMP-8 was increased in sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture–positive relative to culture-negative participants, before (median, 4993 pg/mL [interquartile range, 2542–9188] vs 698 [218–4060] pg/mL, respectively; P = .004) and after (3650 [1214–3888] vs 720 [551–1321] pg/mL; P = .008) 6 months of tuberculosis treatment. Consequently, plasma MMP-8 is a potential biomarker to enhance tuberculosis treatment monitoring and screen for possible culture positivity.
In vitro interactions within a biofilm containing three species found in bacterial vaginosis (BV) support the higher antimicrobial tolerance associated with BV recurrence
Authors: Rosca Aliona S , Castro Joana , Sousa Lúcia G V , França Angela , Vaneechoutte Mario , Cerca Nuno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge, is characterized by the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium, formed primarily by Gardnerella spp., but also other anaerobic species. Interactions between bacteria in multi-species biofilms are likely to contribute to increased virulence and to enhanced antimicrobial tolerance observed in vivo. However, functional studies addressing this question are lacking.

Objectives
To gain insights into the role that interactions between BV-associated species in multi-species BV biofilms might have on antimicrobial tolerance, single- and triple-species biofilms formed by Gardnerella vaginalis, Fannyhessea (Atopobium) vaginae and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were characterized, before and after metronidazole or clindamycin treatment.

Methods
Total biofilm biomass, total cells and cfu counts prior to and after antibiotic treatment were first determined. In addition, bacterial populations in the triple-species biofilms were also quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results
Despite the effect observed in single-species biofilms, neither metronidazole nor clindamycin was effective in reducing triple-species biofilm biomass. Similar results were obtained when evaluating the number of total or culturable cells. Interestingly, despite differences between strain susceptibilities to antibiotics, the composition of the triple-species biofilms was not strongly affected by antibiotics.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results strengthen the idea that, when co-incubated, bacteria can interact synergistically, leading to increased tolerance to antimicrobial therapy, which helps explain the observed clinically high BV recurrence rates.
Selecting venues for AMIA events and conferences: guiding ethical principles
Authors: Lehmann Christoph U , Fultz Hollis Kate , Petersen Carolyn , DeMuro Paul R , Subbian Vignesh , Koppel Ross , Solomonides Anthony E , Berner Eta S , Pan Eric C , Adler-Milstein Julia , Goodman Kenneth W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A discussion and debate on the American Medical Informatics Association’s (AMIA) Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) Working Group listserv in 2021 raised important issues related to a forthcoming conference in Texas. Texas had recently enacted a restrictive abortion law and restricted voting rights. Several AMIA members advocated for a boycott of the state and the scheduled conference. The discussion led the AMIA Board of Directors to request that the organization’s Ethics Committee provide general guidance for principle-based venue selection. This document recommends overarching principles for the venue selection for future AMIA events and conferences. Discussions by the AMIA Board, the Ethics Committee, and the ELSI Working Group informed these recommendations, and this document on guiding principles was approved by the AMIA Board of Directors in April 2022.
Linear Support Vector Machine Classification of Plant Stress From Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Using Hyperspectral Reflectance
Authors: Marston Zachary P D , Cira Theresa M , Knight Joseph F , Mulla David , Alves Tavvs M , Hodgson Erin W , Ribeiro Arthur V , MacRae Ian V , Koch Robert L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spectral remote sensing has the potential to improve scouting and management of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), which can cause yield losses of over 40% in the North Central Region of the United States. We used linear support vector machines (SVMs) to determine 1) whether hyperspectral samples could be classified into treat/no-treat classes based on the economic threshold (250 aphids per plant) and 2) how many wavelengths or features are needed to generate an accurate model without overfitting the data. A range of aphid infestation levels on soybean was created using caged field plots in 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018 in Minnesota and in 2017 and 2018 in Iowa. Hyperspectral measurements of soybean canopies in each plot were recorded with a spectroradiometer. SVM training and testing were performed using 15 combinations of normalized canopy reflectance at wavelengths of 720, 750, 780, and 1,010 nm. Pairwise Bonferroni-adjusted t-tests of Cohen’s kappa values showed four wavelength combinations were optimal, namely model 1 (780 nm), model 2 (780 and 1,010 nm), model 3 (780, 1,010, and 720 nm), and model 4 (780, 1,010, 720, and 750 nm). Model 2 showed the best overall performance, with an accuracy of 89.4%, a sensitivity of 81.2%, and a specificity of 91.6%. The findings from this experiment provide the first documentation of successful classification of remotely sensed spectral data of soybean aphid-induced stress into threshold-based classes.
Characterization of the Spectrum of Activity of IPD079Ea: A Protein Derived From Ophioglossum pendulum (Ophioglossales: Ophioglossaceae) With Activity Against Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]
Authors: Boeckman Chad J , Ballou Stephan , Gunderson Tim , Huang Emily , Linderblood Chris , Olson Taylor , Stolte Brian , LeRoy Kristine , Walker Carl , Wang Yiwei , Woods Rachel , Zhang John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a major pest of corn in both North America and Europe and as such presents significant challenges for farmers. IPD079Ea protein is encoded by the ipd079Ea gene from Ophioglossum pendulum (a species of fern) and was found to have activity against western corn rootworm in multiple corn events transformed to express the IPD079Ea protein. In chronic laboratory hazard studies, IPD079Ea protein was fed to eleven species in the order Coleoptera and four species in the order Lepidoptera to assess the spectrum of activity. Activity was observed on certain species of the Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae families, with western corn rootworm as the most sensitive insect tested. No adverse effects on mortality or other sublethal endpoints were observed on any species within Lepidoptera. Overall, IPD079Ea protein appears not to have broad insecticidal properties and has potential value as an effective trait to control western corn rootworm in agricultural systems.
DSU Article 11 Violations: A Statistical Exercise
Authors: Rovnov Yury 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of an exhaustive statistical examination of 83 dispute settlement reports in which the Appellate Body addressed one or more claims under Article 11 of the DSU. In addition to identifying the Appellate Body’s grounds for upholding and rejecting Article 11 claims and assessing their weight in the total statistics, the analysis reveals that, perhaps contrary to received opinion, neither the average number of disputes in which one or more Article 11 were made nor the average number of allowed claims demonstrate pronounced growth while the bulk of the increase in the number of claims brought is attributable to a limited number of complex disputes.
Dietary diversity and niche partitioning of carnivores across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of China using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Hacker Charlotte E , Cong Wei , Xue Yadong , Li Jia , Zhang Yu , Wu Liji , Ji Yunrui , Dai Yunchuan , Li Ye , Jin Lixiao , Li Diqiang , Zhang Jingyu , Janecka Jan E , Zhang Yuguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Understanding predator guild resource use is vital for carnivore species preservation and ecosystem function in high-altitude landscapes. We describe the dietary composition, similarity, and niche overlap for seven carnivore species across three regions of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (Qilian Shan, East Burhanbuda Mountain, Yushu) using DNA metabarcoding of 760 scat samples. Analyses found 33 unique prey items representative of the classes Mammalia, Aves, and Actinopterygii. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and pika (Ochotona sp.) were most frequently detected. Livestock in carnivore diets ranged from 4% to 7% depending on site, but accounted for 21.7% of Tibetan wolf (Canis lupus) diet. Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata), Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia) had highly uneven diets. Intraguild predation of mesocarnivores by apex carnivores was found. Analysis of dietary niche overlap using Pianka’s index showed that overlap was significantly greater than expected among all carnivores examined and between apex and mesocarnivores, though significant correlations between carnivore body mass and prey body mass suggested broad separation in consumed prey. Snow leopard and Tibetan wolf diets were consistently the most similar of any two given species pairs. This study provides evidence of high dietary overlap. Protection for species consumed by a wide variety of carnivores will benefit predator guilds in the area and assist in maintaining the relatively low frequency of livestock predation. This work provides insight into the dynamics of carnivore guilds living in an area that has worldwide impacts, and methods herein could be applied on global scales for conservation efforts.