bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exopolysaccharide produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO30 isolated from Romi cheese: characterization, antioxidant and burn healing activity
Authors: Elmansy Eman A. , Elkady Ebtsam M. , Asker Mohsen S. , Abdou Amr M. , Abdallah Nagwa A. , Amer Shaimaa K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) extracted from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe. They have earned popularity in recent years because of their exceptional biological features. Therefore, the present study main focus was to study EPS-production from probiotic LAB and to investigate their antioxidant and burn wound healing efficacy. Seventeen LAB were isolated from different food samples. All of them showed EPS-producing abilities ranging from 1.75 ± 0.05 to 4.32 ± 0.12 g/l. RO30 isolate (from Romi cheese) was chosen, due to its ability to produce the highest EPS yield (4.23 ± 0.12 g/l). The 16S rDNA sequencing showed it belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group and was further identified as L. plantarum RO30 with accession number OL757866. It displayed well in vitro probiotic properties. REPS was extracted and characterized. The existence of COO−, OH and amide groups corresponding to typical EPSs was confirmed via FTIR. It was constituted of glucuronic acid, mannose, glucose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 2.2:0.1:0.5:0.1, respectively. The average molecular weight was 4.96 × 104 g/mol. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the REPS possesses a DPPH radical scavenging ability of 43.60% at 5 mg/ml, reducing power of 1.108 at 10 mg/ml, and iron chelation activity of 72.49% and 89.78% at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The healing efficacy of REPS on burn wound models in albino Wistar rats showed that REPS at 0.5% (w/w) concentration stimulated the process of healing in burn areas. The results suggested that REPS might be useful as a burn wound healing agent.
COVID-19: self-reported reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom
Authors: Swain Patrick , James Emily , Laws Jonathan M. , Strongman Clare , Haw Stuart , Barry Gill , Chung Henry C. , Gordon Dan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The United Kingdom (UK) government imposed its first national lockdown in response to COVID-19 on the 23rd of March 2020. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels are likely to have changed during this period.

Methods
An online survey was completed by n = 266 adults living within the UK. Differences in day-to-day and recreational physical activity (at moderate and vigorous intensities), travel via foot/cycle, and sedentary behaviour were compared before and during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.

Results
The median level of total weekly physical activity significantly reduced (− 15%, p < 0.001) and daily sedentary time significantly increased (+ 33%, p < 0.001). The former was caused by a significant reduction in weekly day-to-day physical activity at moderate intensities (p < 0.001), recreational activities at vigorous (p = 0.016) and moderate (p = 0.030) intensities, and travel by foot/cycle (p = 0.031). Sub-group analyses revealed that some populations became disproportionally more physically inactive and/or sedentary than others, such as those that were: living in a city (versus village), single (versus a relationship), an athlete (versus non-athlete), or earning an average household income < £25,000 (versus > £25,000).

Conclusions
Now that the UK is transitioning to a state of normal living, strategies that can help individuals gradually return to physical activities, in accordance with the 2020 WHO guidelines, are of paramount importance to reducing risks to health associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour.
Hoop Strain Measurement During a SiC/SiC Ceramic Composite Tube Burst Test by Digital Volume Correlation of X-Ray Computed Tomographs
Authors: Zhao S. , Chen Y. , Saucedo-Mora L. , Connolley T. , Marrow T. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Silicon carbide-fibre/silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites are candidate materials for accident tolerant fuel cladding in light water and advanced gas cooled nuclear fission reactors. The mechanical and damage behaviour of ceramic composites is sensitive to the composite geometry, the microstructure and the loading state. Reliable test methods are needed to investigate the subcritical damage that affects hermetic properties and strength, and this requires precise measurements under loading states that are representative of operating conditions.

Objective
The objective was a novel methodology to measure the deformation of an internally pressurised ceramic composite tube.

Methods
A burst test of an internally ground SiC/SiC (filament wound and braided) ceramic composite tube, pressurized by radial expansion of a compressed elastomer insert, was observed in situ by high resolution (synchrotron) X-ray tomography. The full field three-dimensional displacements were measured by digital volume correlation, with a precise rotation correction applied to obtain the relative radial and circumferential displacements of the tube wall for the first time.

Results
The hoop strain, and its spatial variations, were determined as a function of the applied hoop stress and showed ovalisation and barreling of the tube. The quantity of subcritical matrix cracking increased with the tensile hoop strain, but the critical crack that caused rupture was not at the location of maximum tensile strain.

Conclusion
Precise measurements of the deformation during the burst test found non-uniform hoop strains that caused a non-uniform distribution of subcritical cracking, which could influence the hermetic properties and strength.
Dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibrium: the non-potential case
Authors: Backhoff-Veraguas Julio , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider a large population dynamic game in discrete time where players are characterized by time-evolving types. It is a natural assumption that the players’ actions cannot anticipate future values of their types. Such games go under the name of dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibria, and were first studied by Acciaio et al. (SIAM J Control Optim 59:2273–2300, 2021), as a time/information dependent version of the games devised by Blanchet and Carlier ( Math Oper Res 41:125–145, 2016) for the static situation, under an extra assumption that the game is of potential type. The latter means that the game can be reduced to the resolution of an auxiliary variational problem. In the present work we study dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibria in their natural generality, namely going beyond the potential case. As a first result, we derive existence and uniqueness of equilibria under suitable assumptions. Second, we study the convergence of the natural fixed-point iterations scheme in the quadratic case. Finally we illustrate the previously mentioned results in a toy model of optimal liquidation with price impact, which is a game of non-potential kind.
„Ablehnungen gehören halt zum Geschäft.“ Lernprozesse in wissenschaftlichen Drittmittelbiografien
Authors: Serrano Velarde Kathia , Behrendt Kai , Dahl Patrik 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungWas genau befähigt Wissenschaftler dazu, Drittmittel erfolgreich einzuwerben? Die Literatur zur Drittmittelforschung befasst sich mit den Wirkungsmechanismen externer Forschungsförderung und beleuchtet die ordnungspolitische Dimension des wettbewerbsbasierten Allokationsmechanismus, ohne individuelle Lernprozesse zu berücksichtigen. Die Peer-Review-Forschung nimmt zwar Lernprozesse im wissenschaftlichen Produktions- und Selektionsprozess in den Blick, lässt jedoch Einsichten darüber vermissen, wie sich diese Lerneffekte im wissenschaftlichen Lebenslauf der Antragsteller sedimentieren. Die Studie schließt an diesem Desiderat an. Auf der Grundlage von teilnarrativen Interviews mit erfolgreichen Antragstellern aus den Politikwissenschaften und der organischen Chemie und aus unterschiedlichen Generationen untersucht der Beitrag, erstens, Formen und Bedingungen des Lernprozesses. Zweitens erklärt der Beitrag, warum manche Antragsteller am Glauben festhalten, erfolgreich Forschungsanträge stellen zu können. Demnach erwerben Wissenschaftler aktiv Wissen, das es ihnen ermöglicht, wiederholt Drittmittelanträge zu verfassen. Der Erwerb dieses Wissens ist ein Prozess lebenslangen Lernens. Eine zentrale Erkenntnis der Untersuchung ist, dass wiederholt erfolgreiche Antragsteller vor allem lernen, sinnvoll zu scheitern.
Affektive Narrative: Theorie und Kritik politischer Vermittlungsweisen
Authors: Bargetz Brigitte , Eggers Nina Elena 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag entwickelt den theoretischen Ansatz der affektiven Narrative, mit dem Ziel, gegenwärtige Konstruktionen des Politischen umfassender zu begreifen. Die These ist, dass affektive Narrative einen zentralen Vermittlungsmodus im Politischen bilden, der sich sowohl im Paradigma einer Politik der Gefühle wie auch des Politik Fühlens bewegt und dabei auf drei analytischen Ebenen affektiv wirkmächtig wird: der erzählten Geschichte, dem Publikum und den Erzähler*innen. Zugleich soll damit ein Beitrag zu aktuellen theoretischen Auseinandersetzungen um Narrative und Affekte in der Politik geleistet werden, die seit einiger Zeit politikwissenschaftlich zunehmend aufgegriffen, bislang jedoch eher zögerlich in ihrem spezifischen Ineinandergreifen konzeptualisiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund arbeitet der Artikel ihre wechselseitige Verwobenheit durch einen affektiv-narrativen Handlungsbegriff heraus, der affektive Narrative als zugleich Politik anleitende und Politik legitimierende Praktiken herausstellen kann. Welchen analytischen Gewinn dieser Begriff der affektiven Narrative hat, zeigt der Beitrag abschließend am Beispiel einer Selbsterzählung von Björn Höcke, in der ihm als populistischem leader, Erzähler und Affektträger eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt.
Effects of environmental factors on the temporal and spatial variations in branch and leaf CO2 efflux of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii Mayr
Authors: Li Longjie , Wang Xiangzhen , Jia Zhongkui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe CO2 efflux of branches and leaves plays an important role in ecosystem carbon balance. Using a carbon flux system, the efflux of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii (Dahurian larch) was investigated in 27 years (immature), 31 years (near-mature), and 47 years (mature) stands at diurnal, seasonal, and spatial scales (direction and height) as well as its connection with environmental factors from May to October 2020. Diurnal variation in efflux was a single peak, and the maximum occurring between 14:00 and 16:00. Seasonal variation also exhibited a single peak, with the maximum in late July and the minimum in early October. From May to September, efflux on the south side was the largest among the three stands, and mean values on the south side of 27 year-old, 31 year-old, and 47 year-old trees were 0.50, 0.97 and 1.05 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively. The minimum occurred on the north side. Except for the maximum in July and September in the 27 year-old stand in the middle of the canopy, the maximum efflux in the upper canopy, and the means in the 27 year-old, 31 year-old, and 47 year-old stands were 0.49, 0.96 and 1.04 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively; the minimum occurred in the lower canopy. Temperatures and relative humidity influenced seasonal variations in efflux. Seasonal variation in temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) was opposite that of temperature, increasing with decreasing temperature. At the spatial scale, maximum Q10 occurred in the mid canopy. With the efflux and temperature data in different locations, it is possible to better estimate efflux variations in each stand.
Cognitive ability and economic growth: how much happiness is optimal?
Authors: Burhan Nik Ahmad Sufian , Sabri Mohamad Fazli , Rindermann Heiner 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cognitive human capital approach assumes that cognitive abilities (CA) enable societies to be innovative and competitive and to achieve higher productivity and prosperity. However, does happiness enhance the effect of CA on economic growth? Our study views happiness as an intrinsic motivator that helps workers be more productive and get the most out of their CA. Regression analyzes using two different measures for CA showed strong evidence that CA generated economic growth from 1960 to 2017, even though it interacted negatively with happiness. These results were found to be robust after controlling for endogeneity bias using instrumental variable for happiness. In addition, the threshold regression analyses revealed significant evidence that the relationships between CAs and growth vary according to happiness levels. Two prominent ranges of threshold were established:γ1 = 4.75–4.96 andγ2 = 6.16–6.43 on the 0 to 10 happiness scale. Accordingly, the effects of CA were smallest in very unhappy countries (happiness < γ1), strongest in fairly happy societies (happiness ofγ1 − γ2), and moderately strong among the happiest countries (happiness ≥ γ2). In summary, the pursuit of highest productivity growth seems to require an optimal level of happiness, where moderate level of happiness (likely indicative of existence of higher motivation with little emotional distress) could inspire and drive people to fully utilize their cognitive capital and achieve high economic growth.
The first compliance cycle of China’s National Emissions Trading Scheme: insights and implications
Authors: Li Jin , Yao Yecheng , Wang Xifan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChina’s national Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), the largest ETS in terms of the amount of CO2 regulated, was launched on the trading platform operated by the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange (SEEE) on July 16th 2021, and has successfully completed its first compliance cycle on December 30th, 2021. During the operation of its first cycle, China’s national ETS differs from other international ETSs in many aspects, including trading products and participants, allowance allocation method, compliance term, and offset mechanism, leading to certain unique trading patterns. Some unique settings are worth noticing including key emitters dominated by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) who also dominate transactions, large-scale power groups’ carbon strategies, allowances for 2 years of 2019 and 2020 being processed in one compliance period and allowed inter-year banking of allowances. All these have led to trading patterns characterized by cyclical demand-driven trading, insufficient trading capabilities of regulated entities, stable allowance price and an increased price of CCER. Nonetheless, the successful running of its first compliance cycle offers invaluable experience for future ETS development in operational mechanism improvement, sector coverage expansion, allocation optimization, and introduction of different types of market players and tradable products, and provides a good reference for future international expansion.
Integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to polygynous marriage
Authors: Anderson Siwan , Bidner Chris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe outline the potential for integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to marriage and the family. Our broad argument is that the approaches share a concern forcompetition. Evolutionary scholars are concerned with the fitness consequences of competition and economists are centrally concerned with the nature of competition: how the allocation of scarce resources is mediated by potentially complex forms of social interaction and conflicts of interest. We illustrate our argument by focusing on conceptual and empirical approaches to a topic of interest to economists and evolutionary scholars: polygynous marriage. In comparing conceptual approaches, we distinguish between those that emphasise the physical environment and those that emphasise the social environment. We discuss some advantages of analysing marriage through the lens of competitive markets, and outline some of the ways that economists analyse the emergence of rules governing the family. In discussing empirical approaches to polygynous marriage, we describe how a concern for informing contemporary policy leads economists to focus on the consequences of polygyny, and in particular we describe some of the ways in which economists attempt to distinguish causal effects from selection effects.
Encroachment on Emotion
Authors: Fritz James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel form of pragmatic encroachment: one that makes a difference to the status of emotion rather than the status of belief. I begin by isolating a distinctive standard in terms of which we can evaluate emotion – one sometimes called “subjective fittingness,” “epistemic justification,” or “warrant.” I then show how this standard for emotion could face a kind of pragmatic encroachment importantly similar to the more familiar encroachment on epistemic standards for belief. Encroachment on warranted emotion is a striking proposal that deserves attention. In fact, there are good reasons to think that encroachment on warranted emotion deserves to be considered the default view for those who already accept pragmatic encroachment on the epistemic status of belief. I support this parity claim by arguing for a principle that establishes a limited coordination between the conditions that warrant emotion and the conditions that justify belief.
Prevalence of mental health disorders in children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland: a systematic review
Authors: Lynch S. , McDonnell T. , Leahy D. , Gavin B. , McNicholas F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReferrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) have increased in recent years. Services are already under-resourced and the adverse psychological impact of Covid-19 is likely to increase demand. Accordingly, an understanding of prevalence of mental health (MH) disorders among youth is imperative to help inform and plan services.Aim:To establish prevalence of MH disorders among youth (under 18) in Ireland.Method:A systematic review using pre-defined search terms in PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and CINAHL was conducted. Empirical studies conducted in Ireland, in youth and focusing on MH disorders were included.Results:From a total of 830 papers identified, 38 papers met inclusion criteria. Significant variation in rates of MH disorders was evident based on study methodology. Screening questionnaires for general psychopathology reported rates of 4.8–17.8% scoring above clinical cut-offs, with higher rates for ADHD (7.3%). Studies examining depression ranged from 4% to 20.8%, while rates for ‘current’ MH disorder, determined by semi-structured interview, were 15.5%, while ‘lifetime’ rates varied from 19.9% to 31.2%. Fewer than half (44%) of those identified as ‘in need’ of specialist MH services were accessing CAMHSConclusion:Data on MH disorders among Irish youth is limited, and studies showed significant variance in rates, making service planning difficult. There is an urgent need for serial epidemiological surveys, with clear operational criteria for clinically impairing MH difficulties. Such studies are essential to understand potential demand and service planning. This is most urgent given the expected increased demand post Covid-19.
The role of lake basin history on palynological records from the Upper Kolyma region (northeastern Siberia)
Authors: Lozhkin Anatoly V. , Anderson Patricia M. , Regel Kira V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPaleoecological and modern studies at Priyatnoye Lake, which is located within an intermontane depression in the interior of northeastern Siberia, indicate a similar paleovegetation record as has been documented for nearby mountain valleys, but a history of basin stability and instability that is uncharacteristic of the valley lakes. Analyses of a 385-cm-long core from the western basin of Priyatnoye Lake shows that sediment accumulation began in late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), followed by a hiatus during MIS 2, and then continuous accumulation over the past ca. 14,000 cal yr BP. The eastern basin of the lake has a sediment thickness of ~35 cm, suggesting that it intermittently contained water and/or is younger than the western basin. A drop in lake levels between AD 2005 and AD 2009 resulted in the formation of two distinct lakes. This change was caused by the melting of underlying ice wedges and the formation of sinkholes through which the lake water drained. Although the northern coastal lowlands have been the geographic focus of permafrost global warming research, the Priyatnoye study draws attention to the intermontane depressions in northeastern Siberia. While less extensive, these depressions contain organic-rich deposits, are underlain by permafrost, and have the potential to affect future carbon budgets as global temperatures rise and permafrost melts.
Colonial Schemes and African Realities: Vernacular Infrastructure and the Limits of Road Building in German East Africa
Authors: Greiner Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies infrastructure development in the colony of German East Africa from the early 1890s to 1907. By focussing on questions of continuity and change in the transition phase from the precolonial era to German colonial rule, the article demonstrates that colonial road planning coexisted and often collided with established infrastructure systems. After 1891, colonial authorities sought to transform existing caravan paths into all-weather highways. The analysis applies an actor-centred approach to explain why almost all of these efforts failed. A focus on those actors being expected to construct or maintain (residents) and to use (transport workers) colonial roads reveals the non-compliance of colonial subjects, the persistence of African spatial practices, and the resulting contestation of colonial rule in everyday life. In this way, the article illuminates how Africans responded to European interventions which restructured space and how these responses complicated and frustrated colonial road works. Hence, the article challenges classical narratives of infrastructure as a ‘tool of empire’ and instead highlights the resilience of vernacular structures and their producers under colonial rule.
On the Akkadian adjectival masculine plural -ūtonce again
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssyriologists and Semitists have assumed that the attributive masculine plural morpheme -ūtfound in Akkadian is a secondary development in analogy with the feminine plural -āt. In this paper I suggest that this morpheme should be reconstructed to Proto-Semitic. My arguments are based on some attributive pronouns in West Semitic and the existence of a distinction between attributive and predicative plural morphology in both branches of Semitic.
Utterance-Initial Prosodic Differences Between Statements and Questions in Infant-Directed Speech
Authors: GEFFEN Susan , BURKINSHAW Kelly , ATHANASOPOULOU Angeliki , CURTIN Suzanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCross-linguistically, statements and questions broadly differ in syntactic organization. To learn the syntactic properties of each sentence type, learners might first rely on non-syntactic information. This paper analyzed prosodic differences between infant-directedwh-questions and statements to determine what kinds of cues might be available. We predicted there would be a significant difference depending on the first words that appear inwh-questions (e.g., two closed-class words; meaning words from a category that rarely changes) compared to the variety of first words found in statements. We measured F0, duration, and intensity of the first two words in statements andwh-questions in naturalistic speech from 13 mother-child dyads in the Brent corpus of the CHILDES database. Results found larger differences between sentence-types when the second word was an open-class not a closed-class word, suggesting a relationship between prosodic and syntactic information in an utterance-initial position that infants may use to make sentence-type distinctions.