bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in aged Korean native cattle beef during cold storage
Authors: Hwang Sun Hye , Lee JaeHwan , Nam Tae Gyu , Koo Minseon , Cho Yong Sun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring refrigerated storage, aged beef is liable to undergo alterations in its physicochemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the community of microorganisms, volatile compounds, and amino acids in aged beef under cold storage conditions. In addition, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values were measured to determine the putrefaction degree. Raw‐, dry‐, and wet‐aged beef were stored at 4°C for 21 days. The initial pH of beef under the three conditions ranged from 5.52 to 5.60 and decreased from 5.04 to 5.33 over time. After 21 days, VBN values ranged 20.53–22.59 mg/100 g, which exceeded the standard of spoilage (20 mg/100 g) in the Korean Food Code. As time passed, numbers of psychrophilic and lactic acid bacteria increased in the raw beef. In contrast, number of mesophilic, psychrophilic, and lactic acid bacteria decreased in dry‐ and wet‐aged beef. Among the volatile substances and amino acids, 2,3‐butanedione, 2‐butanone, tyrosine, and arginine contributed the most to the high VBN levels in aged beef, where the VBN was 21 mg/100 g at 21 days, which was beyond the acceptable limit. In conclusion, clear alterations were observed in the physicochemical properties and microorganism communities in cold‐stored aged beef, providing basic information that could benefit the beef industry and boost consumer acceptance.
Mapping brain structure and function in professional fencers: A model to study training effects on central nervous system plasticity
Authors: Cordani Claudio , Preziosa Paolo , Gatti Roberto , Castellani Carlotta , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown different patterns of structural and functional reorganization in high‐level athletes compared with controls, but little is known about their relationship with interlimb coordination mechanisms. To this aim, we investigated brain structural and functional differences in high‐level fencers compared with nonathlete controls and the MRI substrates of interlimb coordination in elite athletes. Fourteen right‐handed male fencers (median age = 22.3 years) and 15 right‐handed age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects (median age = 22.4 years) underwent structural and functional MRI acquisition during the execution of cyclic bimanual‐movements as well as during in‐phase and antiphase hand/foot‐movements of the dominant‐right limbs. No between‐group differences were found in gray matter volumes and white matter architecture. Active‐fMRI showed that controls versus fencers had higher activations in parietal and temporal areas during bimanual‐task; whereas fencers versus controls had higher activations in the basal ganglia. During in‐phase task, controls versus fencers showed higher activation of right cerebellum, whereas fencers had higher activity mainly in frontal areas. The functional‐connectivity (FC) analysis showed that fencers versus controls had an increased FC between left motor cortex and fronto‐temporal areas as well as bilateral thalami during the different tasks. Intensive and prolonged fencing activity is associated with brain functional changes mainly involving frontal regions related to high‐level motor control and planning of complex tasks. These modifications are likely to reflect an optimization of brain networks involved in motor activities, including interlimb coordination tasks, occurring after intensive training.
Cross‐sectional study on the etiological diagnosis of the patients with chronic prostatitis‐like symptoms by application of the urine‐prostate‐semen test
Authors: Wang Danni , Wang He 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe prostatic secretion was considered to be the most important and even only specimen in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic prostatitis like symptoms, but little attention has been paid to other genital organ infections. A urine‐prostate‐semen test (U‐EPS‐S test) was used to investigate the microbial flora of internal genital organs in patients with chronic prostatitis‐like symptoms and their influence on the diagnosis and treatment of the patients.Materials and MethodsWe randomly selected the patients with chronic prostatitis‐like symptoms for this study and used a U‐EPS‐S test to collect urine, prostatic secretion, and semen specimens. The specimens were inoculated respectively into a suitable culture medium for bacteriological/fungal detection, and the number and distribution of colonies in each isolation culture were observed before and after the therapy.ResultsAll of the specimens from the internal genital organs of these patients were shown as microbe‐positive isolation and the infection rate was 100%. Of these, prostatic secretion with microbe‐positive isolation was obtained in 66 cases (33%), semen with microbe‐positive isolation was obtained in 34 cases (17%), and both prostatic secretion and semen with microbe‐positive isolation were obtained in 100 cases (50%). In the isolates, Gram‐positive microbes were shown as the most common pathogens, accounting for 91.1%. In 200 patients, 95 patients were infected with one microbial species infection, of them 36 were prostatic secretion positive‐isolation (18%), 20 were semen sample positive‐isolation (10%), and 39 were positive‐isolation both prostatic secretion and semen samples (19.5%); 104 patients were infected with two microbial species, of them 30 were prostatic secretion positive‐isolation (15%), 14 were semen sample positive‐isolation (7%), and 60 were positive‐isolation both prostatic secretion and semen samples (30%); one patient was infected with three microbial species and them were isolated from the semen sample (0.5%). In the patients with chronic prostatitis‐like symptoms, the multiple microbial infection (MMI) was accounted for 53.5%, and the multiorgan infection (MOI) was accounted for 67%.ConclusionsThe U‐EPS‐S test is not only helpful to accurately identify the pathogens and contaminants in the culture isolates, but also the diagnosis and differential diagnosis and also evaluation of the treatment efficacy of the infection in different genital organs. In the patients with chronic prostatitis symptoms, Gram‐positive microbes were the most common causative agents, and MMI and MOI caused by resistant strains of different microbial species have a high incidence.
Greenly synthesized porous carbon nanoparticle (bio‐waste‐based)‐doped nematic liquid crystal composite with optimized electric and electro‐optical properties for devices
Authors: Tripathi Shivangi , Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Hegde Gurumurthy , Srivastava Atul , Kumar Pandey Kamal , Manohar Rajiv 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present investigation on the impact of porous carbon nanoparticles (PCNPs) on a room temperature nematic liquid crystalline compound (TP‐188‐01) reports extensive electro‐optical analysis of composite followed by dielectric and luminescence study as well. The pure nematic compound has been doped with 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% of PCNPs (spherical), which have been synthesized by green synthesis technique without use of any activating agents. Low‐frequency dielectric analysis (50 Hz to 1 kHz) has been done to confirm ion generation with increase in PCNS concentration. The dielectric data also indicate preferential orientation of molecules from homogeneous to homeotropic alignment, which can be used in performance optimization of electro‐optical devices. The analysis of dielectric data also illustrates the application of PCNS‐doped systems in circuits operating at high voltages. Diffusion coefficient, mobility, and DC conductivity have been further examined to support the above observations. A significant decrease (of about 47%) in the response time of porous carbon nanoparticle liquid crystal (NP‐LC) composites has also been observed. The photoluminescence spectrum of NP‐LC composites as a function of carbon nanosphere (CNS) concentration has shown Quenching (following the Stern–Volmer quenching mechanism) in the luminescence intensity with increasing CNS concentration. The highly improved response time and quenching in the luminescence intensity further make the PCNS‐doped LC composites as ideal materials to be used in devices, encouraging LC‐aided green nanotechnology.
Microsolvation effect on chlorination reaction of simple alcohols
Authors: Nogueira Diogo , Oliveira Ricardo R. , Rocha Alexandre B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe microsolvation effect was investigated on bimolecular nucleophilic substitution () mechanism for chlorination of methanol, ethanol, and propanol using water as explicit solvent. Based on theoretical calculations, within Density Functional Theory (DFT) combined with polarizable continuum model (PCM) and explicit solvent molecules, it was possible to compare the effect of hydration on the nucleophile and on the leaving group, for the main extremal points of potential surfaces, that is, pre‐complex, transition state (TS), and post‐complex. The possible disposition of water molecules was also investigated raging from one to four explicit molecules. This study was carefully and systematically done for methanol and the main conclusions were used to guide the corresponding study for ethanol and propanol. The results point out to an increase of activation energy with the number of explicit water molecules, showing the importance of hydrogen bond on the stabilization of structures, effect not captured by PCM alone.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Invasion by Thyroid Cancer: Laryngeal Function and Survival Outcomes
Authors: Brooks Jennifer A. , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Kamani Dipti , Kyriazidis Natalia , Hammon Rebecca Jean , Ma Hongzhi , Sritharan Niranjan , Wasserman Isaac , Trinh Lily N. , Iwata Ayaka J. , Saito Yoshiyuki , Soylu Selen , Randolph Gregory W. ,   R Score Research Group
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) invasion by thyroid carcinoma represents an advanced disease status with potentially significant co‐morbidity.MethodsIn a retrospective single‐center study, we included patients with invaded RLNs operated on while using nerve monitoring techniques. We studied pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative parameters associated with postoperative vocal cord paralysis (VCP); 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS); and 5‐year overall survival (OS) in addition to two subgroup analyses of postoperative VCP in patients without preoperative VCP and based on source of RLN invasion.ResultsOf 65 patients with 66 nerves‐at‐risk, 39.3% reported preoperative voice complaints. Preoperative VCP was documented in 43.5%. The RLN was invaded by primary tumor in 59.3% and nodal metastasis in 30.5%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common pathologic subtype (80%). After 6 months, 81.8% had VCP. Complete tumor resection of the RLN was not associated with 5‐year RFS (p = 0.24) or 5‐year OS (p = 0.9). Resecting the RLN did not offer statistically significant benefit on 5‐year RFS (p = 0.5) or 5‐year OS (p = 0.38). Radioactive Iodine (RAI) administration was associated with improvement in 5‐year RFS (p = 0.006) and 5‐year OS (p = 0.004). Patients without preoperative VCP had higher IONM amplitude compared with patients with VCP. After a mean follow‐up of 65.8 months, 35.9% of patients had distant metastases, whereas 36.4% had recurrence.ConclusionPreoperative VCP accompanies less than half of patients with RLN invasion. Invaded RLNs may have existent electrophysiologic stimulability. Complete tumor resection and RLN resection were not associated with better 5‐year RFS or OS, but postoperative RAI was.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:2285–2292, 2022
Analysis of laccase‐like enzymes secreted by fungi isolated from a cave in northern Spain
Authors: Fernández‐Remacha Daniel , González‐Riancho Candela , Lastra Osua Miranda , González Arce Aránzazu , Montánchez Itxaso , García‐Lobo Juan María , Estrada‐Tejedor Roger , Kaberdin Vladimir R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaccases belong to a family of multicopper enzymes able to oxidize a broad spectrum of organic compounds. Despite the well‐known property of laccases to carry out bleaching and degradation of industrial dyes and polyphenolic compounds, their industrial use is often limited by the high cost, low efficiency, or instability of these enzymes. To look for new microorganisms which produce laccases that are potentially suitable for industrial applications, we have isolated several fungal strains from a cave in northern Spain. Their phenotypic analysis on agar plates supplemented with ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) disclosed two laccase‐positive strains. Further genotyping revealed that they belonged to the Gliomastix murorum and Conidiobolus thromboides species. The secretion of G. murorum and C. thromboides laccase‐like enzymes was then confirmed by zymography. Further identification of these polypeptides by mass‐spectroscopy revealed the nature of the laccases and made it possible to predict their functional domains and other features. In addition, plate assays revealed that the laccases secreted by both G. murorum and C. thromboides were capable of degrading industrial dyes (Congo Red, Indigo, and Eriochrome Black T). Homology modeling and substrate docking predicted the putative structure of the currently uncrystallized G. murorum enzyme as well as its amino acid residues potentially involved in interactions with these dyes. In summary, new biochemical and structural insights into decolorization mediated by G. murorum laccase as well as identification of laccase‐like oxidase in C. thromboides point to a promising future for these enzymes in biotechnology.
Informing Management of Henrys Lake, Idaho, using an Integrated Catch-at-Age Model
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Vincent Jennifer , High Brett , McCarrick Darcy K. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Henrys Lake, Idaho, supports a popular fishery for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout × Rainbow Trout O. mykiss hybrids. A majority of the adult population of fish in Henrys Lake are of hatchery origin that were stocked as fingerlings. The fishery is closed to angling during the late winter and spring months, but fisheries managers are considering opening the fishery year-round with catch-and-release-only regulations or with a two-fish bag limit during the extended season. However, there is concern that the proposed management actions may negatively affect the current fishery. Therefore, we developed an integrated catch-at-age model to estimate population parameters for trout in Henrys Lake and used a simulation model to evaluate alternative management actions. Results of this study suggest that catch and release of both Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and hybrids would increase and that abundance of trout in the spring (i.e., the start of the traditional season) would decrease under both proposed bag limits. Losses in abundance can be mitigated by stocking additional fish as long as no more than approximately 1,520,000 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout are stocked annually. If catch-and-release-only regulations are implemented during the newly proposed season, total harvest is expected to decrease compared to the current fishery due to additional catch-and-release mortality. Ultimately, managers will need to prioritize harvest or catch-and-release opportunity, both of which provide additional utility to anglers, when choosing how to proceed with bag limit regulations.
Method of micro‐sampling human dentine collagen for stable isotope analysis
Authors: Curtis Mandi J. , Beaumont Julia , Elamin Fadil , Wilson Andrew S. , Koon Hannah E. C. 
Published: April 2022

RationaleSampling of dentine for stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios in the direction of tooth growth allows the study of temporal changes to the diet and physiological stress of an individual during tooth formation. Current methods of sampling permanent teeth using 1 mm increments provide temporal resolution of 6–9 months at best depending on the tooth chosen. Although this gives sufficient sample sizes for reliable analysis by mass spectrometry, sectioning the dentine across the incremental structures results in a rolling average of the isotope ratios. A novel method of incremental dentine collagen sampling has been developed to decrease the collagen increment size to 0.35 mm along the incremental structures, thus reducing averaging and improving the temporal resolution of short‐term changes within the δ13C and δ15N values.MethodsThis study presents data for a MicroMill‐assisted sampling method that allows for sampling at 0.35 mm width × 1 mm depth increments following the incremental growth pattern of dentine. A NewWave MicroMill was used to sample the demineralised dentine section of modern donated human third molars from Sudan and compared to data from the same teeth using the 1 mm incremental sectioning method 2 established by Beaumont et al.ResultsThe δ13C and δ15N isotopic data showed an increased temporal resolution, with each increment providing data for 2–4 months of dentine formation.ConclusionsThe data show the potential of this method for studying dietary reconstruction, nutritional stress, and physiological change with greater temporal resolution potentially to seasonal level and with less attenuation of the δ13C and δ15N values than was previously possible from human dentine.
Simple models to quickly estimate the probable range of data‐limited riverine fishes
Authors: Aldridge Caleb A. , Boone Evan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution models provide biologists with insight into species ranges, ecological niches, and spatial predictions of suitable habitat, but require significant training, data, and time for biologists to obtain reliable results. Alternatively, ad hoc inferences from sparse occurrence records leave biologists to face conservation decisions with high uncertainty. Simple predictive models can fill the gap between these two alternatives. One method to predict the probable range of riverine fishes is to add the average distance between occurrences to the most distal occurrence (parametric estimator). However, there are drawbacks to this method when the distances between occurrences deviate from a non‐uniform distribution. Herein, estimators that are robust to non‐uniformity, a non‐parametric and an optimal linear estimator, were adapted and compared to the parametric estimator using simulations. The non‐parametric estimator showed the least bias and variance in bias for the probable range endpoint. The optimal linear estimator best balanced type I and type II errors in the maximum probable range estimate (i.e., upper CI). Application of the robust estimators were made to demonstrate how sampling can be planned based on available effort (Gulf Coast walleye, Sander vitreus) and where early detection sampling may be focused (silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This study provides biologists with a suite of simple options (R code provided as supplementary material) to bridge the gap between ad hoc inference and complex modeling over a range of scenarios. Future studies should focus on accounting for false‐positives, variable effort, and develop online apps for accessibility.
Needles in a haystack. An algorithmic approach to the classification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs
Authors: Kaidi Justin , Martone Mario , Rastelli Leonardo , Weaver Mitch 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is a well-known map from 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) to 2d vertex operator algebras (VOAs). The 4d Schur index corresponds to the VOA vacuum character, and must be a solution with integral coefficients of a modular differential equation. This suggests a classification program for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs that starts with modular differential equations and proceeds by imposing all known constraints that follow from the 4d → 2d map. This program becomes fully algorithmic once one specifies the order of the modular differential equation and the rank (complex dimension of the Coulomb branch) of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory. As a proof of concept, we apply the algorithm to the study of rank-two $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs whose Schur indices satisfy a fourth-order untwisted modular differential equation. Scanning over a large number of putative cases, only 15 satisfy all of the constraints imposed by our algorithm, six of which correspond to known 4d SCFTs. More sophisticated constraints can be used to argue against the existence of the remaining nine cases. Altogether, this indicates that our knowledge of such rank-two SCFTs is surprisingly complete.
Krylov localization and suppression of complexity
Authors: Rabinovici E. , Sánchez-Garrido A. , Shir R. , Sonner J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quantum complexity, suitably defined, has been suggested as an important probe of late-time dynamics of black holes, particularly in the context of AdS/CFT. A notion of quantum complexity can be effectively captured by quantifying the spread of an operator in Krylov space as a consequence of time evolution. Complexity is expected to behave differently in chaotic many-body systems, as compared to integrable ones. In this paper we investigate Krylov complexity for the case of interacting integrable models at finite size and find that complexity saturation is suppressed as compared to chaotic systems. We associate this behavior with a novel localization phenomenon on the Krylov chain by mapping the theory of complexity growth and spread to an Anderson localization hopping model with off-diagonal disorder, and find that localization is enhanced in the integrable case due to a stronger disorder in the hopping amplitudes, inducing an effective suppression of Krylov complexity. We demonstrate this behavior for an interacting integrable model, the XXZ spin chain, and show that the same behavior results from a phenomenological model that we define: this model captures the essential features of our analysis and is able to reproduce the behaviors we observe for chaotic and integrable systems via an adjustable disorder parameter.
Comments on the negative specific heat of the $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformed symmetric product CFT
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Hashimoto Akikazu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We show that the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation of conformal field theories whose entropy grows as S(E) ∼ Eγ for γ > 1/2 exhibits negative specific heat in its microcanonical thermodynamic function S(ℇ). We analyze the large N symmetric product CFT as a concrete example of a CFT with this property and compute the thermodynamic functions such as S(ℇ) and ℇ(T). The negative specific heat in the microcanonical data is interpreted as signaling the first order phase transition when the system is coupled to a heat bath.