bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of identifying laryngeal obstruction syndromes on reducing treatment of pediatric asthma: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Caseng , Hicks Matt , Ospina Maria B. , Martha Vishnu , Alnouri Ghiath , Dennett Liz , Sataloff Robert , Hicks Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) in children is underrecognized. This systematic review characterizes the scientific evidence on the impact of pediatric ILO diagnosis and treatment on asthma medication use. This review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020209168), utilized database searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to October 2020. Both experimental and observational studies on ILO and asthma outcomes in patients ≤18 years were included. Population characteristics (sample size, sex, age, and comorbidities) and study outcomes (medication usage and respiratory symptoms) were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed with the National Toxicology Program's Office of Health Assessment and Risk of Bias Rating Tool. Data are presented narratively due to study heterogeneity. Of 1091 studies, 1076 titles and abstracts were screened after duplicate removal. Screening 31 full texts yielded eight pre–post studies. Patients were an average of 14.1 years old, 15% male, and >90% used asthma medication; 40% reported allergies, 30% gastroesophageal reflux, and 20% anxiety or depression. Most patients received at least one intervention, with 75% showing symptomatic improvement and >75% decreasing or stopping asthma medications. Studies were small with a high risk of selection, confounding, and detection bias. Asthma management was not a primary outcome in any of the studies. Overall, ILO patients were often diagnosed with or treated for asthma before ILO diagnosis. Evidence from individual studies suggests that comorbidities including ILO, gastroesophageal reflux, allergies, and anxiety should be considered in pediatric patients with asthma not responsive to medical therapy. Further research is required to determine the proportion of impacted asthma patients.
Adipokinetic hormone signaling regulates cytochrome P450‐mediated chlorantraniliprole sensitivity in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tan Qi‐Mei , Chen Wei‐wei , Li Hong‐hong , Liao Shu‐cheng , Yi Guo‐qiang , Mei Yong , Luo Jie , Tan Hui‐hua , Li Xue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most destructive and invasive pests worldwide and causes significant economic losses. Intensive and frequent use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance in FAW. Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) have been proven to be involved in insecticide resistance in insects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying chlorantraniliprole resistance mediated by AKH signaling in FAW remains unclear.RESULTSThe expression of SpfAKHR was highest in male adults and lowest in 1st instar larvae. SpfAKH was expressed the highest in eggs and the lowest in 6th instar larvae. AKH signaling was involved in the sensitivity of FAW to chlorantraniliprole through a toxicological bioassay, and the combination of chlorantraniliprole and bithionol (an inhibitor of key enzymes in the AKH pathway) significantly increased the mortality of FAW. Chlorantraniliprole significantly induced the expression of ten P450s, SpfAKH and SpfAKHR in FAW. RNA interference against SpfAKHR significantly decreased the P450 content, downregulated the expression of three P450 genes (SpfCYP6B50, SpfCYP321A9 and SpfCYP9A58) and inhibited the resistance of FAW to chlorantraniliprole. The topical application of AKH peptide significantly increased the P450 content, upregulated the expression of five P450 genes (SpfCYP321A9, SpfCY321A8, SpfCYP321A10, SpfCYP321A7 and SpfCYP6AB12), and enhanced the survival of FAW against chlorantraniliprole.CONCLUSIONSAKH plays an important role in enhancing chlorantraniliprole resistance in FAW by exerting a positive influence on P450 gene expression and P450 content. These results provide valuable insights into insecticide resistance regulation and FAW control strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mass spectrometric study and modeling of the thermodynamic properties in the Gd2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system at high temperatures
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Shilov Andrey L. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. 
Published: March 2022

RationaleMaterials based on the Gd2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system are promising for a wide range of high‐temperature technological applications, such as for obtaining thermal barrier coatings in the aviation and space industry, as well as advanced materials in nuclear power applications. Experimental studies of the ceramics based on this system by the Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method provides such valuable information as the vapor composition over the samples and enables derivation of the thermodynamic functions.MethodsSamples of ceramics in the Gd2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system were synthesized and analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence and diffraction techniques. The vaporization processes and partial pressures of the vapor species over the samples were obtained by the high‐temperature mass spectrometric method using the ion current comparison method. The derived thermodynamic functions were optimized within the Generalized Lattice Theory of Associated Solutions (GLTAS) approach.ResultsAt the temperature of 2600 K, the GdO, ZrO, ZrO2, HfO, and O vapor species were found over the samples, but only for the GdO and ZrO species were accurate experimental data on the partial pressures obtained. In all the ceramic samples, the Gd2O3 activity was determined. On this experimental basis, modeling within the GLTAS approach was performed. It allowed the evaluation of the Gd2O3, ZrO2, and HfO2 activities in the system under study and a rough approximation of the excess Gibbs energy as a function of composition to be obtained.ConclusionsAt 2600 K the Gd2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system is characterized by negative deviations of its thermodynamic properties from the ideal behavior. Consistency of the obtained modeling results indicate reasonable uniformity of the energy parameters of the lattice model derived in calculations of the hafnia‐containing oxide systems, which may be used in further modeling of multicomponent systems.
The use of pseudo‐MRM for a sensitive and selective detection and quantification of polycyclic aromatic compounds by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Galmiche Mathieu , Rodrigues Anaïs , Motsch Estelle , Delhomme Olivier , François Yannis‐Nicolas , Millet Maurice 
Published: March 2022

RationaleMultiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) is a sensitive and selective detection mode for target trace‐level analysis. However, it requires the fragmentation of labile bonds which are not present in molecules such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their heterocyclic derivatives (PANHs, PASHs).MethodsWe present the application of an alternative tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mode called “pseudo‐MRM” for the GCMS/MS analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs). This mode is based on the monitoring of transitions with no mass loss between the precursor and the product ion. Pseudo‐MRM peak areas were compared with those of classic MRM on three different mass spectrometers: two triple quadrupoles and an ion trap.ResultsFor all non‐polar PACs studied here (PAHs, PANHs and PASHs), the pseudo‐MRM transition was always the most intense. The classic MRM transitions exhibited peak areas 2 to 5 times lower. On the contrary, for the functionalized PACs (oxygenated and nitrated PAHs), classic MRM was favored over pseudo‐MRM. These observations were confirmed on two triple quadrupoles (QqQs), and the real‐world applicability of pseudo‐MRM on QqQs was validated by the successful analysis of Diesel PM. However, a comparison with an ion trap showed that pseudo‐MRM was never favored on that instrument, which caused fragmentation of non‐polar PACs in MS/MS.ConclusionsThe results of this study show an important gain in sensitivity when using pseudo‐MRM instead of MRM for non‐polar PACs on QqQ instruments. The selectivity of MRM is preserved in pseudo‐MRM by applying non‐zero collision energies to which only these non‐polar PACs are resistant, not the isobaric interferences. No interference issue was observed when analyzing Diesel PM, a complex matrix, with our pseudo‐MRM method. Therefore, we advise for a broader use of this MS/MS mode for trace‐level determination of non‐polar PAHs.
Tuberculosis‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV‐negative children
Authors: Palamit Apinya , Tovichien Prakarn , Amornsitthiwat Ramida 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEven though tuberculosis‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB‐IRIS) is usually found in HIV‐positive patients receiving antiviral treatment, it can also occur in HIV‐negative patients especially if they have risk factors. We report a unique case of TB‐IRIS in an immunocompetent child presenting with new onset of pleuritic chest pain after receiving anti‐TB drugs. TB‐IRIS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of clinical deterioration or appearance of new typical lesions despite appropriate anti‐TB treatment for more than 2 weeks in the absence of persistently active TB or any other alternative causes. This will prevent physicians from misdiagnosis as superimposed infections, treatment failure or TB relapse.
Role of sulfur mineralization and fertilizer source in corn and soybean production systems
Authors: Mahal Navreet K. , Sawyer John E. , Iqbal Javed , Sassman Aaron M. , Mathur Renuka , Castellano Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSulfur (S) is an important nutrient for plant growth and crop yield. In the northern U.S. Corn Belt, a decrease in atmospheric S deposition and an increase in grain harvest have increased the frequency of S deficiency in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Nevertheless, S deficiency remains difficult to predict owing to complex interactions between the production of plant‐available sulfate‐S from soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and sulfate‐S losses to leaching. Our objective was to measure corn and soybean yield response to four S fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, elemental S, gypsum, and polyhalite) in the 1st year following fertilizer application and in the 2nd (residual) year following fertilizer application in Iowa. Across 4 site‐years, none of the S fertilizer products increased soybean yield. Across 12 site‐years in the 1st year following application, sulfate‐S based fertilizers increased corn yield in 4 site‐years while elemental S had no effect. Across 6 site‐years in the second residual year following application, elemental S, polyhalite, and gypsum increased corn yield in 1 site‐year while ammonium sulfate had no effect. Laboratory incubations confirmed that there was slower production of plant‐available S from elemental compared with sulfate‐based fertilizers, potentially explaining the lack of elemental S effect in the 1st year following application. In contrast to our expectations, there was a weak, but positive relationship between corn yield response to S fertilizer and SOM concentration. Overall, the kinetics of S fertilizer mineralization and solubility appear to affect the magnitude and timing of crop response to S fertilizer.
Development and validation of liquid chromatography method for determination of Ibrutinib in finished dosage forms using quality by design approach
Authors: Konduru Naresh , Gundla Rambabu , Dongala Thirupathi , Katari Naresh Kumar , Mallavarapu Ravindra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA simple, precise, linear, robust, accurate, and stability‐indicating liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine Ibrutinib in finished solid dosage forms by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector. Separation was achieved using a Luna C18 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.0 μm with a suitable mobile phase. The mobile phase: A consists of a 10 mM phosphate buffer concentration and 1 mL triethylamine, adjusted to pH 5.6 with a diluted orthophosphoric acid solution and acetonitrile in the ratio of 95:5 v/v to enhance the results. Moreover, mobile phase ‐ B contains 85% of acetonitrile. The optimized chromatographic conditions such as flow rate 1.0 mL/min, injection volume 10 μL, column temperature 40°C, and wavelength 258 nm. The proposed method is significant because it was developed by the Quality by Design approach. All impurities were identified, such as degradation and placebo impurities without interference at principle peak retention time. After development, it has been validated as per current regulatory guidelines. Obtained recovery between 98 and 102% at 50–200% level; linearity found (r2) = 0.9999 from 20 to 200% level; precision results achieved <2.0% relative standard deviation; and the robustness study results are found satisfactory. It's beneficial.
A machine‐learning‐based constitutive bond‐slip model for anchored CFRP strips externally bonded on concrete members
Authors: Kurtoğlu Ahmet Emin , Anil Özgür , Çevik Abdulkadir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrengthening is often required for reinforced concrete, steel, and masonry structures or structural elements when they possess insufficient performance against external loads such as earthquakes. Recently, the use of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been considered a viable strengthening technique alternative to traditional methods. The major concern is premature debonding failure hindering the efficient use of CFRP systems. FRP anchor systems have been used to avoid this phenomenon. This paper employs a machine learning (ML)‐based algorithm (support vector regression) to propose predictive models to simulate the bond‐slip behavior of anchored CFRP strips externally bonded to the concrete surface. A comprehensive database was constructed using the previous reports on the bond‐slip behavior of FRP‐to‐concrete joints anchored with CFRP strips. Afterwards, the collected database was used to train and validate the proposed models. The input parameters cover all possible factors, that is, compressive strength of concrete, width of concrete block, anchor hole diameter, anchor hole depth, number of anchors at one row, number of anchors at one column; elastic modulus, width, bonding length, and thickness of CFRP strip. The output parameters are maximum shear capacity, residual shear capacity, displacement values at peak shear, and residual shear. Results imply that the proposed models have high prediction accuracies with low error rates. Proposed models are also presented in code format to be easily incorporated into analysis software for practical use.
Phylogeography of the endangered orchids Cypripedium japonicum and Cypripedium formosanum in East Asia: Deep divergence at infra‐ and interspecific levels
Authors: Han Li Xia , Jin Yue , Zhang Jun Li , Li Xing Lin , Chung Mi Yoon , Herrando‐Moraira Sonia , Kawahara Takayuki , Yukawa Tomohisa , Chung Shih‐Wen , Chung Jae Min , Kim Young‐Dong , López‐Pujol Jordi , Chung Myong Gi , Tian Huai Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo date, little is known about the past evolutionary trajectories of rare and endangered orchids native to mainland China, Japan, and Korea (the CJK region). In this study, we focus on two endangered orchids, Cypripedium japonicum (present in the three countries) and C. formosanum (endemic to Taiwan), to understand the divergence/speciation models that would have been operating in this group, including genetic diversity, geographic structure, and colonization pathways across the region. Using a combination of five cpDNA regions, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees and investigated the genetic diversity/structure of 20 populations. Ecological niche modeling was used to gain insight into the paleodistribution and dispersal corridors at the Last Glacial Maximum and to survey climatic niche differences. Populations from mainland China + Korea, Japan, and Taiwan formed three distinct monophyletic lineages and were placed into separate genetic clusters, agreeing with geographic barriers and species boundaries. Populations of C. japonicum in mainland China harbored the highest diversity, suggesting the presence of multiple glacial refugia. The Korean populations would have originated from either western/central or eastern China, probably using a dispersal corridor across the East China Sea shelf. The divergence of C. formosanum is proposed under an allopatric speciation model, also highly influenced by a climate niche shift. In the context of previous studies, a deep divergence in cpDNA sequences between Chinese + Korean and Japanese populations of C. japonicum may be taken as an example of the speciation events of the CJK flora since the late Neogene that have led to its current species richness.
Effects of mammalian target of rapamycin and aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediating autophagy signaling on the balance of Th17/Treg cells during perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice
Authors: Gao Liang , Luo Dan , Wu Dan , Sun Qi , Liu Yang , Wen Deliang , Jia Lihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA)'s immunotoxic properties have received increasing interest, which can lead to immune dysfunction and related disease development. However, the mechanism is not completely clear. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy has important roles in innate immunity, inflammatory response, and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and autophagy in Treg/Th17 imbalance induced by perinatal BPA exposure. Our results showed that the number of Th17 cells in the spleen of offspring female mice significantly increased, while the number of Treg cells decreased significantly, which was consistent with the expression levels of up‐regulation of RORγt protein and a down‐regulation Foxp3 protein. The levels of mTOR, p‐mTOR, P62, and AhR protein expression increased, and LC3 protein decreased in spleen. However, in the thymus, we found that RORγt and Foxp3 proteins changed most significantly in the low‐dose BPA group, and the same as p‐mTOR and P62 protein levels. We conjectured that the potential mechanism of the imbalance of Th17/Treg upon perinatal exposure to BPA was probably associated with autophagy dysfunction. Proper autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the thymic and spleen immune system.
Synthesis, Anti‐migration and Catalytic Effect of Ferrocene Azine Derivatives on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonia Perchlorate
Authors: Guo Huimin , Huo Da , Zhao Haiying , Chen Shufeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFerrocene burning rate catalyst (BRC) is a common catalyst to promote the combustion of composite solid propellant because of its high catalytic performance, but this kind of catalyst has the disadvantage of easy migration. Ammonia perchlorate (AP) is the main oxidant of composite solid propellant, and its thermal degradation behavior has an important impact on the combustion of propellant. New mononuclear and polynuclear ferroceneazine BRCs were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by UV‐Vis, NMR, HRMS and IR spectra. The catalytic effects of these ferrocenylazines on the thermal degradation of AP were studied by DSC and TG. The results confirmed that the catalytic performance of azine without bisferrocenylpropane was inferior to that of Catocene (Cat), while the catalytic performance of azine with bisferrocenylpropane was equivalent to that of Cat. Anti‐migration studies showed that both mononuclear ferroceneazines and Cat showed mobility, while polynuclear ferroceneazines did not migrate after long‐term storage. Therefore, polynuclear ferroceneazine is a new kind of high‐efficiency and non‐migration BRC with application prospects.
Cosmologies, singularities and quantum extremal surfaces
Authors: Goswami Kaberi , Narayan K. , Saini Hitesh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Following [1], we study quantum extremal surfaces in various families of cosmologies with Big-Crunch singularities, by extremizing the generalized entropy in 2-dimensional backgrounds which can be thought of as arising from dimensional reduction. Focussing first on the isotropic AdS Kasner case, introducing a spatial regulator enables relating the locations in time of the quantum extremal surface and the observer. This shows that the quantum extremal surface lags behind the observer location. A potential island-like region, upon analysing more closely near the island boundary, turns out to be inconsistent. Similar results arise for other holographic cosmologies. We then study certain families of null Kasner singularities where we find that the quantum extremal surface can reach the near singularity region although the on-shell generalized entropy is generically singular. We also study other cosmologies including de Sitter (Poincare slicing) and FRW cosmologies under certain conditions.
Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Authors: Penington Geoff , Shenker Stephen H. , Stanford Douglas , Yang Zhenbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown how to obtain the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from holographic computations of entanglement entropy. We show how these computations can be justified using the replica trick, from geometries with a spacetime wormhole connecting the different replicas. In a simple model, we study the Page transition in detail by summing replica geometries with different topologies. We compute related quantities in less detail in more complicated models, including JT gravity coupled to conformal matter and the SYK model. Separately, we give a direct gravitational argument for entanglement wedge reconstruction using an explicit formula known as the Petz map; again, a spacetime wormhole plays an important role. We discuss an interpretation of the wormhole geometries as part of some ensemble average implicit in the gravity description.
Evaluation of digital construction, production and intraoral position accuracy of novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers
Authors: Koller S. , Craveiro R. B. , Niederau C. , Pollak T. L. , Knaup I. , Wolf M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
New opportunities have arisen to manufacture three-dimensional computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (3D CAD/CAM) retainers from titanium blocks by digital cutting technology. These novel technologies need to fulfill requirements regarding digital planning and position accuracy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the digital construction, the CAD/CAM production and the intraoral positioning accuracy of custom-manufactured novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers.

Materials and methods
A total of 37 prime4me® RETAIN3R (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) retainers were inserted to stabilize the upper anterior front teeth. Following insertion, an intraoral scan was used to record the position. The intraoral position was compared to the virtual setup using 3D superimposition software. Measurement points were evaluated in all three dimensions (horizontal, sagittal and vertical planes). Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test.

Results
A total of 185 measurements were performed. The horizontal plane and the sagittal plane demonstrated a high level of positioning accuracy between the planned and the intraoral position. Statistically significant deviations between the preceding virtual setup and the intraoral situation were observed in the vertical dimension. Within the retainer, the intraoral positioning accuracy decreased for the measurement points in the direction of the distal retainer segment.

Conclusion
Based on the results, the present study shows a high level of congruence between the 3D virtually planning and the final intraoral position of the fabricated novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers.