bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations and disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants in Canada
Authors: Piché-Renaud Pierre-Philippe , Panetta Luc , Farrar Daniel S. , Moore-Hepburn Charlotte , Drouin Olivier , Papenburg Jesse , Salvadori Marina I. , Laffin Melanie , Kakkar Fatima , Morris Shaun K. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program COVID-19 Study Team
Published: August 2022

Background
There are limited data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants (<1 year of age). In the absence of approved vaccines for infants, understanding characteristics associated with hospitalization and severe disease from COVID-19 in this age group will help inform clinical management and public health interventions. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations, disease severity, and characteristics associated with hospitalization among infants infected with the initial strains of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
This is a national, prospective study of infants with SARS-CoV-2 from April 8th 2020 to May 31st 2021 using the infrastructure of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. Infants <1 year of age with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from both inpatients and outpatients seen in clinics and emergency departments were included. Cases were classified as either: 1) Non-hospitalized patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) COVID-19-related hospitalization; or 3) non-COVID-19-related hospitalization (e.g., incidentally detected SARS-CoV-2). Case severity was defined as asymptomatic, outpatient care, mild (inpatient care), moderate or severe disease. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify characteristics associated with hospitalization.

Results
A total of 531 cases were reported, including 332 (62.5%) non-hospitalized and 199 (37.5%) hospitalized infants. Among hospitalized infants, 141 of 199 infants (70.9%) were admitted because of COVID-19-related illness, and 58 (29.1%) were admitted for reasons other than acute COVID-19. Amongst all cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most common presenting symptoms included fever (66.5%), coryza (47.1%), cough (37.3%) and decreased oral intake (25.0%). In our main analysis, infants with a comorbid condition had higher odds of hospitalization compared to infants with no comorbid conditions (aOR = 4.53, 2.06–9.97), and infants <1 month had higher odds of hospitalization then infants aged 1–3 months (aOR = 3.78, 1.97–7.26). In total, 20 infants (3.8%) met criteria for severe disease.

Conclusions
We describe one of the largest cohorts of infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, severe COVID-19 in this age group was found to be uncommon. Comorbid conditions and younger age were associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization amongst infants.
Evaluation of different methods for the diagnosis of primary caries lesions: Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Gonçalves Marcela Letícia Leal , D´Annibale Alexandre Senkiw , Santos Elaine Marcilio , Guedes Carolina Cardoso , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Ferri Elza Padilha , Moretti Lívia Alves Corrêa , Motta Lara Jansiski , Deana Alessandro Melo , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Kalil Bussadori Sandra 
Published: August 2022

Background
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries is considered one of the greatest pediatric health problems in the world, due to its high prevalence and incidence. Therefore, the early diagnosis of caries lesions is a fundamental procedure for planning treatment aimed at prevention, minimal intervention and promotion of oral health. The present study aims to evaluate, through a randomized and controlled clinical study, which is the best strategy for diagnosing primary caries lesions located in the interproximal region.

Materials and methods
Eighty patients, aged between 4 and 10 years will be randomized and allocated into 2 groups for analysis and comparison of methods for diagnosing caries lesions. The following diagnostic methods will be analyzed and compared: visual clinical examination using ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), the iTero Element 5D System (intraoral scanner with near infrared imaging (NIRI) technology) and bitewing radiography (BWX). All evaluations will be carried out by 02 examiners. Examiners will be trained and calibrated to use the visual and radiographic criteria and also to use the iTero 5D intraoral scanner, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Trial registration
NCT04900246 in ClinicalTrial.gov. First released in 05/11/2021 and last updated in 10/06/2021.
The Abdominal Pain Unit (APU). Study protocol of a standardized and structured care pathway for patients with atraumatic abdominal pain in the emergency department: A stepped wedged cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Altendorf Maria B. , Möckel Martin , Schenk Liane , Fischer-Rosinsky Antje , Frick Johann , Helbig Lukas , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Huscher Dörte , Lichtenberg Luisa , Reinhold Thomas , Schindel Daniel , Stier Britta , Sydow Hanna , Wu Yves-Noel , Zimmermann Grit , Slagman Anna 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to improve emergency department (ED) care for patients suffering from atraumatic abdominal pain. An application-supported pathway for the ED will be implemented, which supports quick, evidence-based, and standardized diagnosis and treatment steps for patients with atraumatic abdominal pain at the ED. A mixed-methods multicentre cluster randomized controlled stepped wedge trial design will be applied. A total of 10 hospitals with EDs (expected n = 2.000 atraumatic abdominal pain patients) will consecutively (every 4 months) be randomized to apply the intervention. Inclusion criteria for patients are a minimum age of 18 years, suffering from atraumatic abdominal pain and being insured with a German statutory health insurance. Primary outcomes: acute pain score at time of discharge from ED, duration of treatment at the ED, patient-reported satisfaction. Secondary endpoints include patient safety and quality of care parameters, process evaluation parameters, and costs and cost-effectiveness parameters. Quantitative data will be gathered from patient-surveys, clinical records, and routine data from hospital information systems as well as from a participating German statutory health insurance. Descriptive and analytic statistical analysis will be performed to provide summaries and associations for primary patient-reported outcomes, process measures, quality measures, and costs. Qualitative data collection consists of participatory patient observations and semi-structured expert interviews, which will be inductively analysed. Findings will be disseminated in publications in peer-reviewed journals, on conferences, as well as via a project website. To ensure data protection, appropriate technical and organisational measures will be taken.
Trial registration: DRKS00021052.
Development and validation of a deep learning-based protein electrophoresis classification algorithm
Authors: Lee Nuri , Jeong Seri , Jeon Kibum , Song Wonkeun , Park Min-Jeong 
Published: August 2022

Background
Protein electrophoresis (PEP) is an important tool in supporting the analytical characterization of protein status in diseases related to monoclonal components, inflammation, and antibody deficiency. Here, we developed a deep learning-based PEP classification algorithm to supplement the labor-intensive PEP interpretation and enhance inter-observer reliability.

Methods
A total of 2,578 gel images and densitogram PEP images from January 2018 to July 2019 were split into training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10.0%) sets. The PEP images were assessed based on six major findings (acute-phase protein, monoclonal gammopathy, polyclonal gammopathy, hypoproteinemia, nephrotic syndrome, and normal). The images underwent processing, including color-to-grayscale and histogram equalization, and were input into neural networks.

Results
Using densitogram PEP images, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for each diagnosis ranged from 0.873 to 0.989, and the accuracy for classifying all the findings ranged from 85.2% to 96.9%. For gel images, the AUROC ranged from 0.763 to 0.965, and the accuracy ranged from 82.0% to 94.5%.

Conclusions
The deep learning algorithm demonstrated good performance in classifying PEP images. It is expected to be useful as an auxiliary tool for screening the results and helpful in environments where specialists are scarce.
Knockdown of CD146 promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Yu , Zhai Chao , Yang Xue-Yuan , Li Hai-Bing , Wu Li-Ling , Li Li 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and leads to the maladaptive changes in myocardium. Endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing mesenchymal transition contributes to the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis. CD146 is an adhesion molecule highly expressed in ECs. The present study was performed to explore the role of CD146 in modulating endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT).

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subcutaneous implantation of osmotic minipump infused with angiotensin II (Ang Ⅱ). Adenovirus carrying CD146 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or CD146 encoding sequence were infected into cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) followed by stimulation with Ang II or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Differentially expressed genes were revealed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression and distribution were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively.

Results
CD146 was predominantly expressed by ECs in normal mouse hearts. CD146 was upregulated in ECs but not fibroblasts and myocytes in hearts of Ang II-infused mice and in HUVECs stimulated with Ang Ⅱ. RNA-Seq analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes related to EndMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CD146 knockdown and overexpression facilitated and attenuated, respectively, EndMT induced by Ang II or TGF-β1. CD146 knockdown upregulated Wnt pathway-related genes including Wnt4, LEF1, HNF4A, FOXA1, SOX6, and CCND3, and increased the protein level and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.

Conclusions
Knockdown of CD146 exerts promotional effects on EndMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the upregulation of CD146 might play a protective role against EndMT and cardiac fibrosis.
Mearsheimer, Realism, and the Ukraine War
Authors: Smith Nicholas Ross , Dawson Grant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe usefulness of ‘realism’ in explaining Russia’s decision to invade Ukraine has become a keenly contested debate not only in International Relations but in wider public intellectual discourse since the onset of the war in February 2022. At the centre of this debate is the punditry of John J. Mearsheimer, a prominent offensive realist who is a Professor of International Relations at the University of Chicago. This article argues that although Mearsheimer is indeed a realist, his offensive realism is but one of many different realist theories that can forward an explanation of the Ukraine War. Beyond the apparent hegemony of structural realism (the branch of realism to which Mearsheimer’s offensive realism belongs), it is argued that classical and neoclassical realist frameworks can provide more nuanced and, ultimately, convincing arguments as to why Russian President Vladimir Putin decided to invade Ukraine. This is because both classical and neoclassical realism can incorporate insights from non-realist studies—such as the concepts of civilization and ontological security—and combine them into an overarching power politics framework. Although neither classical nor neoclassical realism is flawless in their explanations, they demonstrate that realism does not just have to be about international power structures but can offer multivariate accounts of why a state, like Russia, decided to act, such as invading Ukraine.
Progressive Taxation and Robust Monetary Policy
Authors: Hiraga Kazuki , Hasui Kohei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent monetary policy analyses show the profound implications of progressive taxation for monetary policy. This paper investigates how progressive taxation on labor income changes the effect of model uncertainty by introducing robust control. We obtained the following results: (i) Higher progressive taxation decreases the effect of model uncertainty on the inflation rate, output gap, and interest rate. (ii) A sufficiently higher progressive taxation brings the economy into the determinate equilibrium even if the model uncertainty is strong. According to these results, we conclude that progressive taxation on labor income is effective in mitigating the effects of model uncertainty in terms of variance and equilibrium determinacy.
Arbitrary High-Order Unconditionally Stable Methods for Reaction-Diffusion Equations with inhomogeneous Boundary Condition via Deferred Correction
Authors: Koyaguerebo-Imé Saint-Cyr Elvi Rodrigue , Bourgault Yves 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyse full discretizations of an initial boundary value problem (IBVP) related to reaction-diffusion equations.
To avoid possible order reduction, the IBVP is first transformed into an IBVP with homogeneous boundary conditions (IBVPHBC) via a lifting of inhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann or mixed Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions.
The IBVPHBC is discretized in time via the deferred correction method for the implicit midpoint rule and leads to a time-stepping scheme of order

2
⁢
p

+
2

2p+2

of accuracy at the stage

p
=

0
,
1
,
2
,
…

p=0,1,2,\ldots

of the correction.
Each semi-discretized scheme results in a nonlinear elliptic equation for which the existence of a solution is proven using the Schaefer fixed point theorem.
The elliptic equation corresponding to the stage 𝑝 of the correction is discretized by the Galerkin finite element method and gives a full discretization of the IBVPHBC.
This fully discretized scheme is unconditionally stable with order

2
⁢
p

+
2

2p+2

of accuracy in time.
The order of accuracy in space is equal to the degree of the finite element used when the family of meshes considered is shape-regular, while an increment of one order is proven for a quasi-uniform family of meshes.
Numerical tests with a bistable reaction-diffusion equation having a strong stiffness ratio, a Fisher equation, a linear reaction-diffusion equation addressing order reduction and two linear IBVPs in two dimensions are performed and demonstrate the unconditional convergence of the method.
The orders 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of accuracy in time are achieved.
Except for some linear problems, the accuracy of DC methods is better than that of BDF methods of same order.
Compact quadband two-port antenna with metamaterial cell-inspired decoupling parasitic element for mobile wireless applications
Authors: Moukala Mpele Pierre , Moukanda Mbango Franck , Konditi Dominic B. O. , Bamy Ce Lakpo , Urimubenshi Felix 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a quadband MIMO diamond-shaped antenna with two highly isolated elements is proposed and discussed. A novel metamaterial cell-inspired decoupling parasitic structure is deployed between the two antenna elements to achieve high isolation greater than 20 dB in the frequency bands of interest. Moreover, the design adopts a defected ground structure and open-ended multiple diamond-shaped branches for multiband characteristics, enabling the proposed MIMO to cover several modern wireless applications. The performance metrics of the proposed MIMO antenna are validated by evaluating various diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL). This antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of 12 × 30 × 1.524 mm (0.082λ
0 × 0.204λ
0 × 0.001λ
0, λ
0 is the wavelength at 2.04 GHz). With the edge-to-edge separation distance of 0.053λ
0 between the antenna elements, its prototype is experimentally measured using a two-port Rohde & Schwarz ZVA50 Vector Network Analyzer. The port-to-port isolation is about −20.87 dB, −23 dB, −25.93 dB, and −25.22 dB for 2.3 GHz, 3.18 GHz, 4.08 GHz, and 5.42 GHz frequency bands, respectively. Also, the proposed MIMO antenna exhibits good diversity performances with the ECC < 0.005, DG > 9.99, and TARC<−10 dB making it an outstanding candidate covering 4G/LTE, 5G NR sub-6 GHz n40/n41/n77/n78, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, ISM, WBAN, Bluetooth, MBAN, WiBro, C-V2X, and UWB applications.
Health status of children and young persons with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the UK (CAH-UK): a cross-sectional multi-centre study
Authors: Bacila Irina , Lawrence Neil Richard , Mahdi Sundus , Alvi Sabah , Cheetham Timothy D , Crowne Elizabeth , Das Urmi , Dattani Mehul Tulsidas , Davies Justin H , Gevers Evelien , Krone Ruth E , Kyriakou Andreas , Patel Leena , Randell Tabitha , Ryan Fiona J , Keevil Brian , Ahmed S Faisal , Krone Nils P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited knowledge on the onset of comorbidities in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) during childhood. We aimed to establish the health status of children with CAH in the UK.Design and methodsThis cross-sectional multicentre study involved 14 tertiary endocrine UK units, recruiting 101 patients aged 8–18 years with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 83 controls. We analysed demographic, clinical and metabolic data, as well as psychological questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ), Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL)).ResultsPatient height SDS in relation to mid-parental height decreased with age, indicating the discrepancy between height achieved and genetic potential height. Bone age was advanced in 40.5% patients, with a mean difference from the chronological age of 1.8 (±2.3) years. Patients were more frequently overweight (27%) or obese (22%) compared to controls (10.8% and 10.8%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). No consistent relationship between glucocorticoid dose and anthropometric measurements or hormonal biomarkers was detected. A small number of patients had raised total cholesterol (3.0%), low HDL (3.0%), raised LDL (7.0%) and triglycerides (5.0%). SDQ scores were within the ‘high’ and ‘very high’ categories of concern for 16.3% of patients. ‘School functioning’ was the lowest PedsQL scoring dimension with a median (interquartile range) of 70 (55–80), followed by ‘emotional functioning’ with a median of 75 (65–85).ConclusionsOur results show an increased prevalence of problems with growth and weight gain in CAH children and suggest reduced quality of life. This highlights the urgent need to optimise management and monitoring strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.
#banksyinstockholm - The Politics of Street Art and Spatiality
Authors: Thor Tindra 
Published: August 2022

In March 2014 Swedish news agencies received an anonymous handwritten letter stating that “Banksy”, probably the world’s most famous street artist, would hold his first “official unofficial exhibit in Sweden”. The validity of this press release was heavily debated throughout the week in Swedish media. Would this mythical street artist whose real name no one knows make an appearance in Stockholm? Could it be a PR stunt and if it were, would it be worth seeing anyway? On Sunday 23 March 8000 people gathered to find out.
This article discursively explores the event as an urban moment of artistic and spatial improvisations in relation to ideas on spatial subversion, paradoxical space and aesthetic cosmopolitanism. The paradoxical space becomes as a temporal strategy, which holds the potential of displacing and resisting the hegemonic makings of urban space. Further the exploration of the event points to how a discursive construction of an event attaches and detaches signifiers to and from specific places, performances and symbolisms and how notions of place, performance and subjects are (re)negotiated in that process.
Anticorpos à cultura da desconfiança: o regresso da ciência e da prudência na agenda mediática
Authors: Baldi Vania , Gala Adelino 
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo explora-se a maneira da cultura mediática contemporânea refletir algumas das mudanças socioculturais e sociopolíticas trazidas pela pandemia. Por um lado, pretende-se analisar a presença constante de alguns representantes da cultura científica dentro do cenário info-comunicacional, por outro observa-se a recrudescência do extremismo ideológico e das narrativas conspirativas. Explorando um conjunto de estudos de caso tenciona-se refletir sobre as implicações culturais e políticas desafiadas por estas duas opostas dimensões presentes no panorama mediático.
A introdução na agenda mediática da linguagem e da abordagem científica à emergência sanitária é perspetivada como promissora de uma humanização da ciência e de uma nova aproximação entre peritos e leigos. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, são assinalados os riscos que derivam duma sempre possível politização do seu discurso, bem como duma visão ingénua que perspetiva de forma neutra e autónoma a sua atuação.
A violência ideológica que sustenta a infodemia é, por sua vez, analisada como algo que não deve ser pensada apenas como um problema de ignorância ou iliteracia (geradora de fake knowledge), mas como uma forma de revolta orientada à desestabilização social, à refutação das regras do jogo democrático e das formulas jurídico-políticas tradicionais. O problema urgente não é a presença de teorias conspirativas, mas a vontade de acreditar nelas tornando-as objeto de campanhas de ódio.
Neste sentido, as ciências da comunicação são desafiadas a colaborar de forma mais integrada com a ciência política e a sociologia da ciência.
Literacia Digital e Informacional: Crenças e Realidades
Authors: Miranda Guilhermina Lobato 
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo abordo a temática da literacia digital e informacional, clarificando estes conceitos e como os promover junto de crianças, jovens e adultos. A minha argumentação é sustentada em teorias científicas e em alguns resultados da investigação empírica.
A perspetiva que escolhi para abordar este tema integra duas dimensões: (i) a atitudinal / comportamental, quer dizer, o que regula o comportamento humano nos processos de aceitação versus rejeição das tecnologias da informação e comunicação; (ii) e a dimensão do conhecimento / competência, quer dizer, o que precisam as crianças, jovens e adultos de saber e saber-fazer para poderem ser considerados como digital e informacionalmente competentes.
Integro estas novas competências exigidas aos cidadãos do séc. XXI nos saberes instrumentais e disciplinares designados de tradicionais: saber ler e escrever corretamente pelo menos na sua língua materna (e numa outra língua, de preferência o inglês), saber calcular e realizar as operações aritméticas e algébricas básicas, saber pensar logicamente, saber história e geografia e outros saberes disciplinares considerados essenciais em cada época histórica. Sem estas bases as competências da literacia informacional e digital, que são transversais a vários saberes instrumentais e campos disciplinares, fazem-se num vazio de ideias e de conteúdo.
La autopromoción en la noticia: La autorreferencia mediática en el discurso periodístico de TVE
Authors: Santín Durán Marina 
Published: August 2022

La mercantilización de los espacios informativos de Televisión Española tiene su reflejo en la presencia de informaciones de carácter autopromocional. En este artículo describimos esos mensajes autorreferenciales, analizamos los objetivos prioritarios perseguidos por la cadena con su emisión, a la vez que denunciamos una actividad promocional enmascarada de noticia que ha contaminado los informativos de la televisión pública.
Palabras claves: autorreferencia, informativos de televisión, promoción, periodismo, sinergia.