bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria associated with leaf-cutter ants drive natural antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria
Authors: Simon Sophia , Chai Kelsey , Drescher Matthew , Chaves-Campos Johel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActinobacteria that live mutualistically with leaf-cutter ants secrete antibiotics that may induce antibiotic resistance in nearby soil bacteria. We tested for the first time whether soil bacteria near and inside Atta cephalotes nests in Costa Rica show higher levels of antibiotic resistance than bacteria collected farther away. We collected soil samples 0 m to 50 m away from ant nests and grew bacteria from them on agar with paper discs treated with antibiotics of common veterinary use. As a proxy for antibiotic resistance, we measured the distance from the edge of each disc to the closest bacterial colonies. In general, resistance to oxytetracycline increased with proximity to leaf-cutter ant nests. Antibiotic resistance to oxytetracycline was also higher in samples collected inside the nest than in samples from the nest mound; not all antibiotics demonstrated the same trend. A preliminary exploratory morphological analysis suggests bacterial communities between 0 m and 50 m from ant nests were similar in diversity and abundance, indicating the pattern of antibiotic resistance described above may not be caused by differences in community composition. We conclude that actinobacteria living mutualistically with A. cephalotes drive natural antibiotic resistance to tetracycline in proximal bacterial communities.
Artificial intelligence methods for improving the inventive design process, application in lattice structure case study
Authors: Hanifi Masih , Chibane Hicham , Houssin Remy , Cavallucci Denis , Ghannad Naser 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, firms are constantly looking for methodological approaches that help them to decrease the time needed for the innovation process. Among these approaches, it is worth mentioning the TRIZ-based frameworks such as the Inventive Design Methodology (IDM), where the Problem Graph method is used to formulate a problem. However, the application of IDM is time-consuming due to the construction of a complete map to clarify a problem situation. Therefore, the Inverse Problem Graph (IPG) method has been introduced within the IDM framework to enhance its agility. Nevertheless, the manual gathering of essential information, including parameters and concepts, requires effort and time. This paper integrates the neural network doc2vec and machine learning algorithms as Artificial Intelligence methods into a graphical method inspired by the IPG process. This integration can facilitate and accelerate the development of inventive solutions by extracting parameters and concepts in the inventive design process. The method has been applied to develop a new lattice structure solution in the material field.
Family instability, parenting, and child externalizing problems: Moderation by maternal sympathetic stress reactivity
Authors: Li Zhi , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis multi-method longitudinal study evaluated how changes in maternal sensitive parenting may operate as an indirect factor linking family instability and the development of child externalizing problems over time. This study also investigated how mothers’ stress reactivity within the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may moderate the association between family instability and the development of maternal sensitivity. Participants were 235 families with a young child (Mage= 2.97 years at the first measurement occasion) and these families were followed for two annual measurement occasions. Maternal sensitivity was observed during two discipline tasks (i.e., forbidden toy, discipline discussion tasks), and maternal SNS stress reactivity was indicated by their salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) reactivity to an interpersonal stressor. Findings revealed significant direct effects of family instability and family instability-x-sAA reactivity interaction in association with the change in maternal sensitivity over time. For both tasks, mothers with greater sAA reactivity exhibited stronger associations between family instability and the growth of their sensitivity. Tests of indirect effects indicated that change in maternal sensitivity operated as an indirect factor between family instability-x-sAA reactivity interaction and the change in child externalizing problems. The present findings have important implications for understanding parental and child sequelae associated with unstable family contexts.
Inequitable access: factors associated with incomplete referrals to paediatric cardiology
Authors: Warren Paul W. , Beck Andrew F. , Zang Huaiyu , Anderson Jeffrey , Statile Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess the variables associated with incomplete and unscheduled cardiology clinic visits among referred children with a focus on equity gaps.Study design:We conducted a retrospective chart review for patients less than 18 years of age who were referred to cardiology clinics at a single quaternary referral centre from 2017 to 2019. We collected patient demographic data including race, an index of neighbourhood socio-economic deprivation linked to a patient’s geocoded address, referral information, and cardiology clinic information. The primary outcome was an incomplete clinic visit. The secondary outcome was an unscheduled appointment. Independent associations were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results:There were 10,610 new referrals; 6954 (66%) completed new cardiology clinic visits. Black race (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.22–1.63), public insurance (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.14–1.46), and a higher deprivation index (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08–1.61) were associated with higher odds of incomplete visit compared to the respective reference groups of White race, private insurance, and a lower deprivation index. The findings for unscheduled visit were similar. A shorter time elapsed from the initial referral to when the appointment was made was associated with lower odds of incomplete visit (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52–0.74).Conclusion:Race, insurance type, neighbourhood deprivation, and time from referral date to appointment made were each associated with incomplete referrals to paediatric cardiology. Interventions directed to understand such associations and respond accordingly could help to equitably improve referral completion.
Unconditional Support for Trump’s Resistance Prior to Election Day
Authors: Hartnett Brendan , Haver Alexandra 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTUsing survey data collected less than two weeks before the 2020 presidential election, we investigated why likely Trump voters would support Trump resisting the election results if he lost. We first used an experiment with randomized hypothetical popular-vote margins to test whether support for resistance was contingent on the results of the election. We also directly asked respondents who stated that they would support resistance to explain their reasoning in an open-ended response. In doing so, we gained insight into one of the most turbulent elections in American history and examined how support for resistance existed before the election due to both misinformation about voter fraud and hyperpartisanship that made Trump voters view the electoral process itself as illegitimate.
Dynamic inefficiency by promoting relative consumption
Authors: Woo Wai Chiu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI develop a dynamic model of consumption variety in status goods by introducing a realistic aspect that is new in the existing literature—that a good will not carry status appeal unless it is advertised. As advertisements will divert resources from new product research, growth in new products will be reduced. However, status-good advertisements also enhance distinctiveness of a good and increase a firm’s profit. This will motivate more researches. With the two effects offsetting each other, the original market bias in a standard product-development model—insufficient research due to a general knowledge spillover—cannot be overcome. While introducing advertising into models of this kind does not reverse the original welfare implication of suboptimal growth, this makes available a new and better intervention option—taxing advertisements. This tax is superior to consumption tax, the conventional solution to inefficient status competition, as consumption tax is found to be ineffective in the present model. It is also superior to research subsidies, the conventional solution to suboptimal growth, as subsidies must be financed and is not a self-sufficient policy.
The First Ten Years of WTO Jurisprudence on Renewable Energy Support Measures: Has the Dust Settled Yet?
Authors: Asmelash Henok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed the emergence and rise of trade disputes over renewable energy support measures. By pitting trade against the environment, these disputes ignited a considerable debate over the adequacy of the green policy space available under WTO law. This article examines whether and to what extent the first ten years of litigation settled the key issues in this debate by undertaking a systematic analysis of the developments in the case law and in the renewable energy policy landscape. The analysis reveals that the case law has raised more questions than answers and much uncertainty remains as to the scope of the policy space available for the subsidization of renewables. It also highlights how these disputes steered the debate away from the most contentious issue of subsidy regulation to the slam-dunk issue of non-discrimination. In doing so, they helped conceal rather than resolve the green policy space deficit in multilateral renewable energy subsidy governance.
Independence and constitutionalism in Egypt 1919–1922
Authors: Ikeda Misako 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a new constitutional perspective on the Egyptian political process from the end of World War I to its independence in 1922. Egyptian historical research on the same period has been conducted mainly from a nationalist perspective. However, as Egypt had a long history of constitutionalism that had developed in unison with nationalism since the 1870s, Egyptian nationalists simultaneously desired to establish a constitutional system after achieving independence. Eventually, Britain unilaterally declared the independence of Egypt in 1922, which, despite its concern, included the introduction of a constitutional system into the country. The declaration was the product of secret negotiations between the British Special High Commissioner Allenby and Tharwat, an Egyptian nationalist politician. However, the idea of introducing the constitutional system was first publicly proposed in the preceding negotiations between Colonial Minister Milner and Zaghlūl, which facilitated Tharwat's negotiations with Allenby on this subject. While Zaghlūl, the leader of the Wafd, and the group including ‘Adlī and Tharwat were increasingly antagonistic, the establishment of a constitutional system had long been a common desire of all Egyptian nationalists who transcended their differences.
Application of an Improved Calibration Flight Scheme in Aeromagnetic Interference Compensation
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Wang Yunpeng , Sun Bijiao , Guan Bin , Ouyang Mingda , Qin Xianping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn aeromagnetic measurement, accurate compensation for the interference magnetic field generated by the aircraft platform due to the aircraft maneuvering in the Earth's magnetic field is an important prerequisite for the accurate identification of the magnetic anomaly signal of the detection target. The flaws of the traditional calibration flight scheme in aeromagnetic interference compensation are firstly analyzed, and then an improved scheme is proposed, featuring smaller calibration flight areas, more simplified maneuvers, shorter flight route and less influence from the magnetometer's direction and extreme weather. The improved scheme can enhance the robustness of the aeromagnetic interference compensation matrix and improve the compensation efficiency, and thus both the solved magnetic compensation coefficients and compensation effects are significantly improved. The experimental results of the aeromagnetic interference compensation in an area of Inner Mongolia of China show that the average accuracy of the repeated survey lines, which are compensated by the improved scheme, can be increased by 5 and 3 nT, respectively, compared with the uncompensated results and the results compensated by the traditional scheme. Therefore, the effectiveness and superiority of the improved calibration flight scheme is fully proved.
Elastic Slab in Viscoelastic Mantle: Effects on Determining Megathrust Slip and Mantle Viscosity During Postseismic and Interseismic Phases
Authors: Li Shaoyang , Chen Ling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarthquake‐cycle deformation at subduction zones is not only induced by cyclical faulting processes but also impacted by the Earth structure and rheology. Oversimplifying the first‐order Earth structure in models leads to biased estimations of fault kinematics and Earth rheology and hence misinterpretation of subduction‐zone dynamics. Here we first use synthetic models to investigate the impacts of an elastic slab on viscoelastic postseismic and interseismic deformation and on determining afterslip, locking distribution, and mantle viscosity. We confirm that the presence of a slab causes anchored viscous flow in the mantle wedge and less extensive viscoelastic deformation in the overriding plate than the depth‐dependent layered models without a slab during the interseismic and postseismic phases. By assuming the predicted viscoelastic deformation from the model with a slab as the synthetic true observations, layered models obtain a higher viscosity and more slip on the downdip of the seismogenic zone than the true model during both phases. These biased estimates are found varying with the displacement component, spatial and temporal coverages of the used observations. We then conduct two real‐world case studies at the Japan subduction zone and find that the layered model obtains the biased fault kinematics and mantle viscosity that are similar to the synthetic modeling results, indicating that the slab signature may have been observed in the geodetic data. Our findings highlight the importance of including a slab in modeling the earthquake‐cycle deformation and thoroughly exploring the sensitivities of surface deformation, especially the verticals, on the deep Earth structures.
α-cyanobacteria possessing form IA RuBisCO globally dominate aquatic habitats
Authors: Cabello-Yeves Pedro J , Scanlan David J , Callieri Cristiana , Picazo Antonio , Schallenberg Lena , Huber Paula , Roda-Garcia Juan J , Bartosiewicz Maciej , Belykh Olga I , Tikhonova Irina V , Torcello-Requena Alberto , De Prado Paula Martin , Millard Andrew D , Camacho Antonio , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Puxty Richard J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is one the most abundant enzymes on Earth. Virtually all food webs depend on its activity to supply fixed carbon. In aerobic environments, RuBisCO struggles to distinguish efficiently between CO2 and O2. To compensate, organisms have evolved convergent solutions to concentrate CO2 around the active site. The genetic engineering of such inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) into plants could help facilitate future global food security for humankind. In bacteria, the carboxysome represents one such CCM component, of which two independent forms exist: α and β. Cyanobacteria are important players in the planet’s carbon cycle and the vast majority of the phylum possess a β-carboxysome, including most cyanobacteria used as laboratory models. The exceptions are the exclusively marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus that numerically dominate open ocean systems. However, the reason why marine systems favor an α-form is currently unknown. Here, we report the genomes of 58 cyanobacteria, closely related to marine Synechococcus that were isolated from freshwater lakes across the globe. We find all these isolates possess α-carboxysomes accompanied by a form 1A RuBisCO. Moreover, we demonstrate α-cyanobacteria dominate freshwater lakes worldwide. Hence, the paradigm of a separation in carboxysome type across the salinity divide does not hold true, and instead the α-form dominates all aquatic systems. We thus question the relevance of β-cyanobacteria as models for aquatic systems at large and pose a hypothesis for the reason for the success of the α-form in nature.
Distilling physical origins of hardness in multi-principal element alloys directly from ensemble neural network models
Authors: Beniwal D. , Singh P. , Gupta S. , Kramer M. J. , Johnson D. D. , Ray P. K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite a plethora of data being generated on the mechanical behavior of multi-principal element alloys, a systematic assessment remains inaccessible via Edisonian approaches. We approach this challenge by considering the specific case of alloy hardness, and present a machine-learning framework that captures the essential physical features contributing to hardness and allows high-throughput exploration of multi-dimensional compositional space. The model, tested on diverse datasets, was used to explore and successfully predict hardness in AlxTiy(CrFeNi)1-x-y, HfxCoy(CrFeNi)1-x-y and Alx(TiZrHf)1-x systems supported by data from density-functional theory predicted phase stability and ordering behavior. The experimental validation of hardness was done on TiZrHfAlx. The selected systems pose diverse challenges due to the presence of ordering and clustering pairs, as well as vacancy-stabilized novel structures. We also present a detailed model analysis that integrates local partial-dependencies with a compositional-stimulus and model-response study to derive material-specific insights from the decision-making process.
Demonstration of optimal non-projective measurement of binary coherent states with photon counting
Authors: DiMario M. T. , Becerra F. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum state discrimination is a central problem in quantum measurement theory, with applications spanning from quantum communication to computation. Typical measurement paradigms for state discrimination involve a minimum probability of error or unambiguous discrimination with a minimum probability of inconclusive results. Alternatively, an optimal inconclusive measurement, a non-projective measurement, achieves minimal error for a given inconclusive probability. This more general measurement encompasses the standard measurement paradigms for state discrimination and provides a much more powerful tool for quantum information and communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the optimal inconclusive measurement for the discrimination of binary coherent states using linear optics and single-photon detection. Our demonstration uses coherent displacement operations based on interference, single-photon detection, and fast feedback to prepare the optimal feedback policy for the optimal non-projective quantum measurement with high fidelity. This generalized measurement allows us to transition among standard measurement paradigms in an optimal way from minimum error to unambiguous measurements for binary coherent states. As a particular case, we use this general measurement to implement the optimal minimum error measurement for phase-coherent states, which is the optimal modulation for communications under the average power constraint. Moreover, we propose a hybrid measurement that leverages the binary optimal inconclusive measurement in conjunction with sequential, unambiguous state elimination to realize higher dimensional inconclusive measurements of coherent states.
Analysis on the desert adaptability of indigenous sheep in the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Zhang Cheng-long , Liu Chunjie , Zhang Jihu , Zheng Langman , Chang Qianqian , Cui Zilong , Liu Shudong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert is characterized by low rainfall, heavy sandstorms, sparse vegetation and harsh ecological environment. The indigenous sheep in this area are rich in resources, with the advantages of perennial estrus and good resistance to stress in most sheep. Exploring the molecular markers of livestock adaptability in this environment will provide the molecular basis for breeding research to cope with extreme future changes in the desert environment. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure and linkage imbalance of five sheep breeds with three different agricultural geographic characteristics using four complementary genomic selection signals: fixation index (FST), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (xp-EHH), Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations) and iHS (integrated haplotype homozygosity score). We used Illumina Ovine SNP 50K Genotyping BeadChip Array, and gene annotation and enrichment analysis were performed on selected regions of the obtained genome. The ovary of Qira Black sheep (Follicular phase, Luteal phase, 30th day of pregnancy, 45th day of pregnancy) was collected, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptomic sequencing. Genome-wide selective sweep results and transcriptome data were combined for association analysis to obtain candidate genes associated with perennial estrus and stable reproduction. In order to verify the significance of the results, 15 resulting genes were randomly selected for fluorescence quantitative analysis. The results showed that Dolang sheep and Qira Black sheep evolved from Kazak sheep. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the decay rate of sheep breeds in the Taklimakan Desert was higher than that in Yili grassland. The signals of FST, xp-EHH, Rsb and iHS detected 526, 332, 308 and 408 genes, respectively, under the threshold of 1% and 17 overlapping genes under the threshold of 5%. A total of 29 genes were detected in association analysis of whole-genome and transcriptome data. This study reveals the genetic mechanism of perennial estrus and environmental adaptability of indigenous sheep breeds in the Taklimakan Desert. It provides a theoretical basis for the conservation and exploitation of genetic resources of indigenous sheep breeds in extreme desert environment. This provides a new perspective for the quick adaptation of sheep and other mammals to extreme environments and future climate changes.
Ultrasound manifestations and clinical features of nonpalpable testis in children
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Shoulin , Wang Hao , Zhou Guanglun , Wen Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo explore the value of ultrasound in the preoperative diagnosis of nonpalpable testis (NPT) in children. A retrospective study of 254 cases with NPT from May 2017 to December 2021. The preoperative ultrasound examination results were compared with the surgical exploration and pathological results. There were 254 cases (312 testes) NPT has got surgery in our centre. The surgical age were from 6 month to 12 years old, the median age was 2.33 years. There were 103 cases (136 testes) diagnosed as intra-abdominal testis (IAT) by preoperative ultrasound, and 80 cases (103 testes) of extra-abdominal testis (EAT), 71 cases (73 testes) of non-viable testis (NVT). There were 102 cases (135 testes) consistented as IAT by the diagnostic laparoscopy, the preoperative ultrasound’s coincidence of IAT was 99.02%. There were 80 cases (103 testes) consistented as EAT by the diagnostic laparoscopy, the preoperative ultrasound’s coincidence rate was100%. There were 62 cases (62 testes) consistented as NVT by the diagnostic laparoscopy, there were 9 cases (11 testes) misdiagnosed, the preoperative ultrasound’s coincidence rate was 84.9%. Ultrasound can provide valuable information for the preoperative diagnosis of children with nonpalpable testicles, and especially good at identifying the EAT and IAT with normal testicular morphology.