bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic 3-point statistics with tensor modes in light of Swampland and Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture
Authors: Naskar Abhishek , Pal Supratik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently proposed Swampland Criteria (SC) and Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC) question the theoretical consistency of inflationary cosmology. While SC can be in tension with the recent observational bound on tensor-to-scalar ratio which is a consequence of single field consistency relation, the requirement of TCC translates to the fact that inflation can not produce a detectable signal for stochastic gravitational wave, raising a question on future prospects of detection of Primordial Gravitational Waves (PGW). But the constraint can be relaxed significantly by considering Non Bunch Davies (NBD) initial states, that in turn brings back the observational relevance of PGW via its 2-point function. Also with NBD states the tension between SC and observational bound on tensor-to-scalar ratio vanishes. Focusing on these theoretical importance of NBD states, in this article we develop consistent 3-point statistics with tensor modes for all possible correlators (auto and mixed) for NBD initial states in a generic, model independent framework of Effective Field Theory of inflation and analyze the properties of the correlators in the light of TCC. We also construct the templates of the corresponding nonlinearity parameters $$f_{NL}$$

f

NL

for different shapes of relevance and investigate if any of the 3-point correlators could be of interest for future CMB missions. Our analysis reveals that the prospects of detecting the tensor auto correlator are almost nil whereas the mixed correlators might be relevant for future CMB missions.
Psychological Time during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Canadian Data
Authors: Rioux Pier-Alexandre , Chaumon Maximilien , Demers Antoine , Fitzback-Fortin Hugo , Kübel Sebastian L. , Lebrun Catherine , Mendoza-Duran Esteban , Micillo Luigi , Racine Charles , Thibault Nicola , van Wassenhove Virginie , Grondin Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures have affected routines and mental well-being of people around the world. Research also shows distorted time perception during lockdowns which can partially be explained by compromised well-being. The present study investigates Canadians’ temporal experience and mental well-being at two periods of national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020: n = 66; beginning of 2021: n = 100). As results indicate, the only difference between these periods on the investigated variables was the strictness of lockdown measures. Our findings show associations between anxiety, depression, confinement indicators, and time perception (future temporal distance, passage of time judgments). Stepwise regression models indicated that depression and strictness of measures predicted the impression that the next week appeared farther away; one’s loneliness appraisal was associated with a perceived slower time flow. Our findings give a preliminary idea about time perception and mental well-being in the Canadian lockdowns.
High-Resolution Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Debbie (2017). Part I: The Inner-Core Structure and Evolution during Offshore Intensification
Authors: Deng Difei , Ritchie Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tropical Cyclone Debbie (2017) made landfall near Airlie Beach on 28 March 2017 causing 14 fatalities and an estimated $2.67 billion (U.S. dollars) economic loss and was ranked as the most dangerous cyclone to hit Australia since TC Tracy in 1974. In addition to the extreme flooding as TC Debbie moved onshore and down the east coast of Australia, it intensified rapidly just offshore from category 2 to category 4 on the Australian TC intensity scale in under 18 h prior to making landfall. A high-resolution WRF simulation is used to analyze the inner-core structure and evolution during the offshore intensification period. Two stages are identified: a slow intensification (SI) stage characterized by an asymmetric eyewall contraction and a rapid intensification (RI) stage characterized by three eyewall breakdown and redevelopment events. Each round of breakdown and reestablishment brings high potential vorticity and equivalent potential temperature air back into the eyewall, reinvigorating eyewall convection activity and driving intensification.
Telehealth Adoption and Perspectives Among Pediatric Otolaryngologists Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jones Joel W. , Saravia Ari , Mamidi Ishwarya S. , Torres Jairo I. , Evans Adele K. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To assess use of and physician experiences with pediatric otolaryngology telehealth visits as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design/Setting: Cross sectional survey. Methods: A 15-question survey was electronically distributed to 656 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in August 2021, addressing member demographics, experiential practice elements, and use pre-pandemic, during the initial shutdown period of March-May 2020, and current use at the time of survey inquiry. Results: There were 124 respondents (response rate = 18.9%). Incident use pre-pandemic and during the shutdown were 21.0% (n = 26), and 92.7% (n = 115), respectively. Current use was 83.9% (n = 104) and the percentage of new current users (79.5%, n = 78) was significant ( P < .0001,95% CI = 70.6%-86.4%). Estimated median telehealth visit rates pre-pandemic, during shutdown, and currently were 0 to 1, 4 to 5, and 2 to 3 per week, respectively ( P < .0001). A difference in post-covid adoption rates was noted only for location ( P = .008), with no differences for years out of training or practice type. Compared to in-person visits, physician satisfaction with telehealth visits was rated equivalent (49.0%) or worse/much worse (48.1%). The most common telehealth uses were follow-up visits (83.7%), pre-operative counseling (76.9%), and post-operative evaluation (69.2%). The need for a detailed exam (89.4%) and initial visits (32.7%) were reasons a telehealth visit was not offered. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have precipitated a rapid increase in telehealth adoption among surveyed pediatric otolaryngologists, regardless of age or practice type. The most significant limitations remain the need for a detailed exam, perceived low patient technological literacy, and limitations to interpretive services. Technology-based optimization of these barriers could lead to increased use and physician satisfaction.
Spontaneous stone expulsion in patients with history of urolithiasis
Authors: Golomb Dor , Shemesh Amit , Goldberg Hanan , Shalom Ben , Hen Eyal , Barkai Eyal , Atamna Fahed , Abu Nijmeh Haitham , Cooper Amir , Raz Orit 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To examine differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with ureteral stones, with prior history of urolithiasis compared to patients with a first stone event. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who visited the ED that were found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Patients were stratified into two groups: without history of urolithiasis (Group 1) and with history of urolithiasis (Group 2). Results: Between 2018 and 2020, 778 patients were admitted with ureteral stones. Patients in group 1 presented with a higher mean serum creatinine ( p = 0.02), larger mean stone size ( p < 0.0001), and a higher proportion of proximal ureteral stones ( p < 0.0001) than patients in group 2. The 30 day readmission rate was significantly higher in group 1 ( p = 0.02). Spontaneous stone expulsion was higher in group 2 ( p < 0.0001), whereas the need for endourological procedures was higher in group 1 ( p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis serum creatinine (OR 0.264, 95% CI 0.091–0.769, p = 0.01) and stone size (OR 0.623, 95% CI 0.503–0.771, p < 0.0001) were associated with a lower spontaneous stone expulsion rate. History of prior endourological procedures (OR 0.225, OR 0.066–0.765, p = 0.01) was associated with a higher spontaneous stone expulsion rate. Conclusions: Our data suggests that patients who are first time stone formers present with larger and more proximal ureteral stones, with a lower likelihood of spontaneous stone expulsion and a subsequent need for surgical intervention. Previous stone surgery and not previous stone expulsion was found to be a predictor for spontaneous stone passage.
Syk promotes phagocytosis by inducing reactive oxygen species generation and suppressing SOCS1 in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses
Authors: Yi Young-Su , Kim Han Gyung , Kim Ji Hye , Yang Woo Seok , Kim Eunji , Park Jae Gwang , Aziz Nur , Parameswaran Narayanan , Cho Jae Youl 
Published: October 2022

Objective Inflammation, a vital innate immune response against infection and injury, is mediated by macrophages. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) regulates inflammatory responses in macrophages; however, its role and underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Materials and Methods In this study, overexpression and knockout (KO) cell preparations, phagocytosis analysis, confocal microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, mRNA analysis, and immunoprecipitation/western blotting analyses were used to investigate the role of Syk in phagocytosis and its underlying mechanisms in macrophages during inflammatory responses. Results Syk inhibition by Syk KO, Syk-specific small interfering RNA (siSyk), and a selective Syk inhibitor (piceatannol) significantly reduced the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. Syk inhibition also decreased cytochrome c generation by inhibiting ROS-generating enzymes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and ROS scavenging suppressed the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. LPS induced the tyrosine nitration (N-Tyr) of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) through Syk-induced ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. On the other hand, ROS scavenging suppressed the N-Tyr of SOCS1 and phagocytosis. Moreover, SOCS1 overexpression decreased phagocytic activity, and SOCS1 inhibition increased the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion These results suggest that Syk plays a critical role in the phagocytic activity of macrophages by inducing ROS generation and suppressing SOCS1 through SOCS1 nitration during inflammatory responses.
Unicepts Technologies: Need for Growth Strategy
Authors: Ghura Amarpreet Singh 
Published: October 2022

This case describes a situation where Vivek Vyas and Vimal Popat, first-generation entrepreneurs, started their venture shradhanajali.com in June 2011 by bootstrapping with an initial investment of ₹1.5 million. The monthly revenues ranged between ₹65,000 and ₹80,000. Shradhanjali.com garnered customers from major parts of India, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Africa, whose primary need was to relive memories of their loved ones and pass on their legacy to their descendants. It was in 2018 when Vyas and Popat, co-founders of shradhanjali.com, were in their office at Rajkot, Gujarat, reading a report by The Internet and Mobile Association of India, which claimed that the number of online users would rise to more than half a billion by 2018. Looking at the report, Popat told Vyas that their goal to have 20,000 subscribers by 2020 could be fulfilled by expanding their presence in different parts of India and by rolling out a mobile application, to which Vyas mentioned finding a way to enter the global market as the population of overseas Indians was 30,843,419 as of December 2016. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to step into the shoes of Vyas and Popat and to plan a way towards the growth strategy of shradhanjali.com by answering what route should be adopted in order to achieve the goal of 20,000 subscribers till 2020 (expanding presence in India and/or in the global markets). This case is also ideal for teaching the Business Model Canvas, which is fast gaining centre-stage for modern enterprises. The instructors are advised to use role-play and structured discussions to find the solution. Participants are to consider the data given on shradhajali.com, make assumptions and devise a solution for Vyas and Popat.
Comparison of Knowledge Change in a Virtual Reality Simulation Across Four Platform Technologies
Authors: Cleveley Brian , Hatheway-Dial Karin Diane , Wahl Lori , Peutz Joey 
Published: October 2022

Introduction There has been an increase in the delivery of educational and training content using computer-based simulations across a range of platforms. Minimal studies have compared the effectiveness of multiple digital delivery platforms with one another using the same simulation. Objective This research investigated differences in knowledge change due to the platform used for delivery of a stand-alone learning simulation. Methods A pretest–posttest design was used to evaluate 127 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: desktop, tablet, mobile VR (Google Cardboard), and virtual reality headset. A pretest was given prior to participants’ completion of a learning simulation. Upon completion of the learning simulation, participants completed a posttest. Results This study indicated that all participants improved knowledge scores across the four platforms used to deliver the learning simulation. All participants positively increased their overall scores from the pretest to the posttest. There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge change between the four groups. Conclusion All participants positively increased their overall scores from the pretest to the posttest regardless of platform technology used to deliver the virtual reality learning simulation. This indicates that it is possible to effectively deliver the same learning simulation across different platforms that include a mix of 2D and immersive technologies.
Defining the safe corridor for transcondylar screw placement in the feline humeral condyle
Authors: Simpson Matthew , Meeson Richard 
Published: October 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop guidelines for the optimal location of drill entry and exit points for insertion of a transcondylar screw across the feline humeral condyle. Methods Multiplanar reconstruction of feline elbow CT scans performed between 2016 and 2021 at one referral institution were reviewed. The optimum medial and lateral epicondylar entry and exit points for transcondylar screw placement were determined. These values were normalised to the humeral condylar diameter (HCD) for each elbow to determine the transcondylar screw placement guidelines. These guidelines were applied to each elbow and tolerance angles were determined in the transverse and frontal plane CT images to determine the safe corridor for screw placement. Results Twenty elbows from 12 cats were evaluated in this study. The guidelines for transcondylar screw placement were as follows: the medial entry/exit point was 0.38 × HCD cranial and 0.16 × HCD distal to the medial epicondyle, and the lateral entry/exit point was 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.16 × HCD distal to the lateral epicondyle. Tolerance angles were statistically significantly ( P <0.05) larger in both frontal (34.5% larger) and transverse (21.1% larger) planes when drilled from a lateral to medial direction compared with drilling from a medial to lateral direction. Conclusions and relevance The guidelines determined from this study may aid clinicians in the placement of humeral transcondylar screws in cats. Where possible, drilling from a lateral to medial direction is recommended owing to the higher tolerance angles reducing the likelihood of articular surface damage. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these guidelines are clinically useful and result in the safe insertion of a transcondylar screw in the clinical setting.
Central corneal thickness, axial length, anterior chamber and optic disc structure in patients with central and branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Vural Gozde Sahin , Karahan Eyyup 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT), the structural properties of the anterior chamber and optic disc in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and controls. Material and Methods In this prospective study, 31 eyes of 31 CRVO patients (group 1) (mean age: 65.7 ± 10.2 male/female:16/15), 42 eyes of 42 BRVO patients (group 2) (mean age: 61.5 ± 9.9, male/female: 21/21), and 41 controls (mean age: 61.2 ± 15.3, male/female:15/26) were enrolled. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corrected IOP (IOPcorr), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth & volume (ACD & ACV), iridocorneal angle (ICA), axial length (AL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, cup to disc ratio (C/D), cup & rim volume, the scleral canal diameter (SCD), and mean & pattern deviation in visual field of the eyes with CRVO/BRVO, their fellow eyes and control eyes were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in IOP among groups (p:0.239), while IOPcorr was significantly higher in eyes with CRVO compared with eyes with BRVO (p:0.003). Central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in CRVO than both BRVO and controls (p:0.005, p:0.002 respectively). The difference in the RNFL thickness was significant among groups (p:0.019), and it was detected significant between CRVO eyes and controls (p:0.05). Anterior chamber volume was lower in eyes with BRVO than in normal eyes (p:0.009). There was no significant difference in AL, ACD, rim volume, cup volume, GCL thickness, C/D ratio, ICA, and PSD among groups. Conclusion The patients with CRVO tend to have thinner corneas, and the evaluation of IOP and CCT can be overlooked during retinal follow-up. Intraocular pressure values corrected with CCT should always be take into account to prevent possible optic nerve damage.
Racial/ethnic discrimination and suicide-related risk in a treatment-seeking group of ethnoracially minoritized adolescents
Authors: Polanco-Roman Lillian , DeLapp Ryan CT , Dackis Melissa N , Ebrahimi Chantel T , Mafnas Katherine SW , Gabbay Vilma , Pimentel Sandra S 
Published: October 2022

Introduction and aims Despite growing evidence demonstrating the negative mental health effects of racism-related experiences, racial/ethnic discrimination is seldom examined in youth suicide risk. The present study tested the association between racial/ethnic discrimination and well-supported correlates of suicide-related risk including emotion reactivity and dysregulation, and severity of psychiatric symptoms in a sample of ethnoracially minoritized adolescents receiving outpatient psychiatric services. Methods Participants were adolescents ( N = 46; 80.4% female; 65.2% Latinx) who ranged in age from 13-20 years old (M=15.42; SD=1.83) recruited from a child outpatient psychiatry clinic in a low-resourced community in Northeast US. Youth completed a clinical interview and a battery of surveys. Results Findings from separate linear regression models show that increases in frequency of racial/ethnic discrimination were associated with increases in severity of suicidal ideation (SI), independent of emotion reactivity and dysregulation, and symptoms of PTSD and depression. Discriminatory experiences involving personal insults, witnessing family being discriminated, and school-based contexts were uniquely associated with SI. Discussion and conclusion Preliminary findings support the association between racial/ethnic discrimination and increased severity of suicide-related risk in ethnoracially minoritized adolescents. Accounting for racial/ethnic discrimination may improve the cultural responsiveness of youth suicide prevention strategies within outpatient psychiatric care.
Upper-Limb Motor Intervention Elements That Drive Improvement in Biomarkers and Clinical Measures Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review in a Systems Paradigm
Authors: Wingfield Matthew , Fini Natalie A. , Brodtmann Amy , Williams Gavin , Churilov Leonid , Hayward Kathryn S. 
Published: October 2022

Objective To use a systems paradigm to examine upper limb (UL) motor intervention elements driving biomarker and clinical measure improvement after stroke. Methods Databases were searched up to March 2022. Eligibility screening was completed by 2 authors. Studies using biomarkers and clinical measures pre- and post-upper limb intervention were included. Studies of adjunct interventions (eg, brain stimulation) were excluded. Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tools and Template for Intervention Description and Replication were used to rate studies. Studies were synthesized using a systems paradigm: intervention outcome was considered an emergent property of the systemic interactions of 4 intervention elements (demographics, type, quality, and dose) characterized by individual dimensions. Results Sixty-four studies (n = 1814 participants) containing 106 intervention groups (66 experimental; 40 control) were included. Combined biomarker and clinical outcomes defined 3 scenarios: restitution, mixed, and unchanged. The restitution scenario included more moderate-to-severely impaired participants in earlier recovery phases (<6 months). Interventions with graded difficulty were more frequently used in the restitution scenario compared with the unchanged scenario. No difference in quality or amount of therapy was identified when examining scenarios that demonstrated restitution compared to those that did not (mixed and unchanged). Conclusions A systems paradigm may be one of many approaches to understand UL motor restitution. This review found no single element consistently delivered improvements in biomarkers and clinical measures in the examined intervention groups. Complex patterns formed by multiple interacting intervention elements were observed in participants with and without restitution.
Quantifying the Spinal Lordosis Ratio Unique to the Type of Spinal Sagittal Alignment in a Normal Population
Authors: Chevillotte Thomas , Chan Sook-Kwan , Grobost Pierre , Laouissat Fethi , Darnis Alice , Silvestre Clément , Roussouly Pierre 
Published: October 2022

Study Design Data collection of radiological parameters in non-pathological adult spines. Objectives Establishing a baseline database for measurements of the spinal lordosis ratio between upper and lower arcs of the lumbar spine unique to each type of spine described by Roussouly’s classification. Illustrating the importance of correct rationing of the upper and lower arcs. Methods Standardised standing true lateral plain radiographs of the spine (including base of skull and proximal femurs) from 373 adult volunteers were obtained. Exclusion criteria : any history of disease involving the spine, pelvis, hips or lower limbs. Incidental detection of any spinal deformity on radiography also excluded further participation in this study. Sacro-pelvic parameters data collected : Pelvic Incidence (PI), Pelvic Tilt (PT), Sacral Slope (SS), location of Inflection Point, number of vertebras in the spinal lordosis and type of Roussouly’s spine. Values of upper arc, lower arc and spinal lordosis ratio (SLR) was determined. Results Bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant ( P < .0001) correlation between the types of sagittal spinal alignments based on Roussouly’s classification and the SLR. Type 1: SLR .76 ± .17, Type 2: SLR .60 ± .18, Type 3 with anteverted pelvis: SLR .53 ± .11, Type 3: SLR .49 ± .12, Type4: SLR .41 ± .11. Conclusion With this data we are able to quantify the ratio of lumbar lordosis unique to each type of Roussouly’s spine. It functions as a guide when planning lumbar spine surgeries in order to restore the SLR correctly and thus prevent post-op complications such as proximal junction kyphosis.