bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registry-based randomised clinical trials: a remedy for evidence-based diabetes care?
Authors: Eriksson Jan W. , Eliasson Björn , Bennet Louise , Sundström Johan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis narrative review describes a new approach to navigation in a challenging landscape of clinical drug development in diabetes. Successful outcome studies in recent years have led to new indications and guidelines in type 2 diabetes, yet the number of clinical trials in diabetes is now declining. This is due to many environmental factors acting in concert, including the prioritisation of funding for other diseases, high costs of large randomised clinical trials, increase in regulatory requirements and limited entry of novel candidate drugs. There is a need for novel and cost-effective paradigms of clinical development to meet these and other challenges. The concept of registry-based randomised clinical trials (RRCTs) is an attractive option. In this review we focus on type 2 diabetes and the prevention of cardiovascular and microvascular comorbidities and mortality, using the Swedish SMARTEST trial as an example of an RRCT. We also give some examples from other disease areas. The RRCT concept is a novel, cost-effective and scientifically sound approach for conducting large-scale diabetes trials in a real-world setting.
Graphical abstract
Embodiment in der therapeutischen Kommunikation
Authors: Tschacher Wolfgang , Meier Deborah 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Psychologie, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften ist ein Trend hin zur Anerkennung der Rolle des Körpers bei kognitiven Prozessen (Embodiment) zu beobachten.

Fragestellung
Implikationen des Embodiment-Ansatzes werden dargestellt sowie auf soziale und therapeutische Interaktion erweitert. Welche Folgerungen müssen für ein Verständnis psychotherapeutischer Wirkfaktoren gezogen werden?

Material und Methoden
Vor dem Hintergrund von Embodiment wurde eine theoretische Analyse zum zentralen allgemeinen Wirkfaktor der Psychotherapie – der therapeutischen Allianz – durchgeführt und eine Literaturübersicht erstellt.

Ergebnisse
Die therapeutische Allianz kann als eine Form von Koordination und Synchronie operationalisiert werden. Die gegenwärtige Psychotherapieprozessforschung hat bereits vielfältige Belege für das signifikante Auftreten von Synchronie in der Klient-Therapeut-Beziehung erbracht. Gefunden wurde auch, dass Synchronie mit Einschätzungen der Beziehungsqualität und dem Therapieerfolg assoziiert ist. Solche nonverbale Synchronie zeigt sich in Variablen der „körpersprachlichen“ Motorik, der sympathischen und parasympathischen physiologischen Aktivierung sowie zunehmend auch der zentralnervösen Prozesse durch „Hyperscanning“. Die verschiedenen Ebenen und Zeitskalen solcher Synchronie werden im InSync-Modell zusammengefasst.

Schlussfolgerung
Die für die Synchronie notwendigen Datenerhebungen und Berechnungen sind durch neue Technologien und methodologische Entwicklungen möglich geworden und können auch in naturalistischen Studien eingesetzt werden. Limitationen bestehen durch die Vielfalt der Algorithmen und Fragen der Validität. Die Erweiterung der Methodologie auf multivariate Zeitreihen wird vorgeschlagen.
Associations of gestational age with gyrification and neurocognition in healthy adults
Authors: Schmitt Simon , Ringwald Kai G. , Meller Tina , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Hahn Tim , Lemke Hannah , Meinert Susanne , Repple Jonathan , Thiel Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Winter Alexandra , Grotegerd Dominik , Dempfle Astrid , Jansen Andreas , Krug Axel , Dannlowski Udo , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that gestational age and birth weight are linked to cognitive performance in adults. On a neurobiological level, this effect is hypothesized to be related to cortical gyrification, which is determined primarily during fetal development. The relationships between gestational age, gyrification and specific cognitive abilities in adults are still poorly understood. In 542 healthy participants, gyrification indices were calculated from structural magnetic resonance imaging T1 data at 3 T using CAT12. After applying a battery of neuropsychological tests, neuropsychological factors were extracted with a factor analysis. We conducted regressions to test associations between gyrification and gestational age as well as birth weight. Moderation analyses explored the relationships between gestational age, gyrification and neuropsychological factors. Gestational age is significantly positively associated with cortical folding in the left supramarginal, bilaterally in the superior frontal and the lingual cortex. We extracted two neuropsychological factors that describe language abilities and working memory/attention. The association between gyrification in the left superior frontal gyrus and working memory/attention was moderated by gestational age. Further, the association between gyrification in the left supramarginal cortex and both, working memory/attention as well as language, were moderated by gestational age. Gyrification is associated with gestational age and related to specific neuropsychological outcomes in healthy adulthood. Implications from these findings for the cortical neurodevelopment of cognitive domains and mental health are discussed.
Morphological features of 52 cases of breast phyllodes tumours with local recurrence
Authors: Bi Jiaxin , Tang Hongping , Lin Xiao , Yu Xuewen , Liang Yingying , Zhang Lu , Li Zhixin , Shao Mumin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Typical phyllodes tumours (PTs) of the breast are fibroepithelial neoplasms characterised histologically by stromal hypercellularity and leaf-like structures. However, morphological changes may be atypical in some cases, increasing the difficulty of diagnosis and the likelihood of misdiagnosis. To provide more morphological clues for pathological diagnosis of PTs, we retrospectively analysed 52 PT cases with typical morphological features after recurrence, and summarized the clinicopathological characteristics of the paired primary tumours. We found five special histological features in the primary tumours distinct from classic PTs, namely (1) PTs with epithelioid feature (three cases); (2) PTs with gland-rich feature (eight cases); (3) PTs with fibroadenoma-like feature (20 cases); (4) PTs with myxoid fibroadenoma-like feature (five cases); and (5) PTs with pseudohemangiomatoid stromal hyperplasia–like feature (four cases). All the features can exist independently, and a few cases displayed more than two distinctive features at the same time. In this cohort of recurrent PTs, all the primary tumours were absent of recognisable stromal hypercellularity and leaf-like structures that are the critical diagnostic criteria of PTs; however, they showed some other non-classic characteristics which may provide significant clues for the diagnosis of PTs. Particularly, tumours with epithelioid feature displayed high grade at earlier stages, tumours with fibroadenoma-like feature were most likely to be confused with classical fibroadenomas, and tumours with myxoid feature were prone to be neglected because of their hypocellularity.
To learn or not to learn? Evaluating autonomous, adaptive, automated traders in cryptocurrencies financial bubbles
Authors: Guarino Alfonso , Grilli Luca , Santoro Domenico , Messina Francesco , Zaccagnino Rocco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFinancial bubbles represent a severe problem for investors. In particular, the cryptocurrency market has witnessed the bursting of different bubbles in the last decade, which in turn have had spillovers on all the markets and real economies of countries. These kinds of markets and their unique characteristics are of great interest to researchers. Generally, investors and financial operators study market trends to understand when bubbles might occur using technical analysis tools. Such tools, which have been historically used, resulted in being precious allies at the basis of more advanced systems. In this regard, different autonomous, adaptive and automated trading agents have been introduced in the literature to study several kinds of markets. Among these, we can distinguish between agents withZero/Minimal Intelligence (ZI/MI)andComputational Intelligence (CI)-based agents. The first ones typically trade on the market without resorting to complex learning strategies; the second ones usually use (deep) reinforcement learning mechanisms. However, these trading agents have never been tested on the cryptocurrencies market and related financial bubbles, which are still mostly overlooked in the literature. It is unclear how these agents can make profits/losses before, during, and after a bubble to adjust their strategy and avoid critical situations. This paper compares a broad set of trading agents (betweenZI/MIandCIones) and evaluates them with well-known financial indicators (e.g., volatility, returnsSharpe ratio, drawdown,SortinoandOmega ratio). Among the experiment’s outcomes,ZI/MIagents were more explainable thanCIones. Based on the results obtained above, we introduceGGSMZ, a trading agent relying on a neuro-fuzzy mechanism. The neuro-fuzzy system is able to learn from the trades performed by the agents adopted in the previous stage.GGSMZ’s performances overcome those of other tested agents. We argue thatGGSMZcould be used by investors as a decision support tool.
Metrics and Quasimetrics Induced by Point Pair Function
Authors: Dautova Dina , Nasyrov Semen , Rainio Oona , Vuorinen Matti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the point pair function in subdomains G of $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. We prove that, for every domain $$G\subsetneq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

G
⊊

R

n

, this function is a quasi-metric with the constant less than or equal to $$\sqrt{5}/2$$

5

/
2

. Moreover, we show that it is a metric in the domain $$G={\mathbb {R}}^n{\setminus }\{0\}$$

G
=

R

n

\

{
0
}

with $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

. We also consider generalized versions of the point pair function, depending on a parameter $$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

, and show that in some domains these generalizations are metrics if and only if $$\alpha \le 12$$

α
≤
12

.
Identification of milk quality and adulteration by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy coupled to artificial neural networks using citrate-capped silver nanoislands
Authors: Eid Sherif M. , el-Shamy Sherine , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Milk is one of the most important multicomponent superfoods owing to its rich macronutrient composition. It requires quality control at all the production stages from the farm to the finished products. A localized surface plasmon resonance optical sensor based on a citrate-capped silver nanoparticle (Cit-AgNP)–coated glass substrate was developed. The fabrication of such sensors involved a single-step synthesis of Cit-AgNPs followed by surface modification of glass slides to be coated with the nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscope micrographs demonstrated that the nanoparticles formed monolayer islands on glass slides. The developed surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) sensor was coupled to artificial neural networking (ANN) for the qualitative differentiation between cow, camel, goat, buffalo, and infants’ formula powdered milk types. Moreover, it can be used for the quantitative determination of the main milk components such as fat, casein, urea, and lactose in each milk type. The qualitative results showed that the obtained FTIR spectra of cow and buffalo milk have high similarity, whereas camel milk resembled infant formula powdered milk. The most difference in FTIR characteristics was evidenced in the case of goat milk. The developed sensor adds several advantages over the traditional techniques of milk analysis using MilkoScan™ such as less generated waste, elimination of pre-treatment steps, minimal sample volume, low operation time, and on-site analysis.

Graphical abstract
Biological control in a changing climate: plant-mediated impact of elevated CO2 concentration on Lobesia botrana eggs and egg parasitism by Trichogramma cacoeciae
Authors: Becker Christine , Herrmann Katharina , Reineke Annette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate change can affect biological pest control by altering trophic interactions. Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can reduce host plant quality and, in turn, alter herbivore and natural enemy preference and performance. Using the Geisenheim VineyardFACE (free-air carbon dioxide enrichment) facility, we studied plant- and herbivore-mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO2 concentration on the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, and the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae. Grapevine inflorescences of two cultivars cultivated at ambient or elevated CO2 (aCO2 and eCO2: 400 and 480 ppm) in the VineyardFACE were incorporated into L. botrana artificial diet. Eggs laid by the respective adults were parasitized by T. cacoeciae. Egg size and emergence rate of L. botrana as well as parasitism rate, parasitoid emergence rate and egg size preference of T. cacoeciae were evaluated. We observed an indirect grapevine cultivar-dependent bottom-up effect of CO2 on both herbivore and egg parasitoid. Compared to aCO2, eCO2 resulted in larger host eggs and higher parasitism rates regarding Riesling-feeding but not regarding Cabernet Sauvignon-feeding L. botrana larvae. Parasitoid emergence rate was higher when L. botrana had fed on Riesling compared to Cabernet Sauvignon-diet. Egg size preference depended on the host’s diet: T. cacoeciae preferred larger L. botrana eggs when the larvae had fed on grapevine-containing diet but not when they fed on standard artificial diet. Our results highlight the importance of the host’s diet for the parasitoid’s preference and performance. They furthermore suggest that the future efficiency of L. botrana-biocontrol by T. cacoeciae will not decrease under elevated CO2 concentrations.
Adjusting Behavioural Surveillance and Assessing Disparities in the Impact of COVID-19 on Gay and Bisexual Men’s HIV-Related Behaviour in Australia
Authors: Holt Martin , Chan Curtis , Broady Timothy R. , Mao Limin , MacGibbon James , Rule John , Wilcock Ben , Prestage Garrett , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has disrupted sexual behaviour and access to health systems. We adapted regular HIV behavioural surveillance of gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia in response to COVID-19, assessed the impact on the profile of the sample, the participants’ HIV-related behaviour, and whether COVID-19 may have accentuated existing disparities in the Australian HIV epidemic. Data collected from five states during July 2017–June 2021 were included (N = 31,460). The emphasis on online recruitment after COVID-19 led to smaller sample sizes, greater geographic reach, and a higher proportion of bisexual-identifying participants. Most participants (88.1%) reported physical distancing and 52.1% had fewer sex partners due to COVID-19. In the COVID-19-affected rounds (July 2020–June 2021), the number of male partners, recent HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use all fell, and HIV risk among the smaller group of participants who reported casual sex increased. COVID-related changes were generally more pronounced among GBM aged under 25 years, participants from suburbs with fewer gay residents, and bisexual men. These groups should be prioritised when encouraging GBM to reengage with HIV testing services and effective prevention methods, like condoms and PrEP.
EU Harmonisation of Norms Regulating Detention: Is EU Competence (Art. 82(2)b TFEU) Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Wieczorek Irene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe EU has acquired the competence to harmonise individual rights in the field of criminal procedure (Art. 82(2)b TFEU). This was hailed as a positive development helping redress the unbalance towards a too security-oriented development of the Area of Freedom Security and Justice. This article discusses the breath of this competence and designs an analytical framework illustrating what requirements need taking into account to legitimate EU regulatory action in the field of detention. It argues that the wording of the provision, especially its utilitarian framing, strongly limits its potential for the EU to act in at least two areas, compensation for unjust detention and material detention conditions.
Molecular Hydrogen Mediates Neurorestorative Effects After Stroke in Diabetic Rats: the TLR4/NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Yang Wan-Chao , Li Ting-ting , Wan Qiang , Zhang Xin , Sun Li-Ying , Zhang Yu-Rong , Lai Pei-Chen , Li Wen-zhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke and amplifies inflammation. Diabetic stroke is associated with a higher risk of death and worse neural function. The identification of effective anti-inflammatory molecules with translational advantages is particularly important to promote perioperative neurorestorative effects. Applying molecular hydrogen, we measured blood glucose levels before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), 48-h cerebral oedema and infarct volumes, as well as 28-day weight, survival and neurological function. We also measured the levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, catecholamines, acetylcholine and inflammatory factors. All measurements comprehensively showed the positive effect and translational advantage of molecular hydrogen on diabetic stroke. Molecular hydrogen improved the weight, survival and long-term neurological function of rats with diabetic stroke and alleviated changes in blood glucose levels before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), but no difference in circadian rhythm was observed. Molecular hydrogen inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and significantly reduced inflammation. Molecular hydrogen mediates neurorestorative effects after stroke in diabetic rats. The effect is independent of circadian rhythms, indicating translational advantages. The molecular mechanism is related to the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and inflammation.
Graphical abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) affects outcomes of ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus (DM).
The effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service in Ain Shams University, Egypt: a quality improvement study
Authors: Saber Heba G. , Aly Menna A. E. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Summary

This quality improvement study assessed the effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service regarding fracture care and outcomes in terms of time to surgery, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain score improvement, depression and treatment decisions. The findings showed a significant reduction in time to surgery and mean length of stay following the implementation of orthogeriatric services (OGS).

Introduction
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease prevalent amongst the elderly, more commonly females, and puts them at increased risk of fragility fractures. OGS are recommended as a model of best practice for primary and secondary fracture care.

Methods
This quality improvement study, conducted in our facility at Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, aimed to determine the effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service. We compared fracture care and outcomes before and after the implementation of OGS in terms of time to surgery, length of hospital stay, degree of postoperative pain score improvement, depression and treatment decisions. We included 128 patients aged 60 and above presenting to the emergency department with a fracture.

Results
We found a significant reduction in the median time to surgery in the post-OGS group (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in the mean length of stay in favour of the post-OGS group (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of patients treated operatively, degree of postoperative pain improvement or susceptibility to depression.

Conclusion
Since the orthogeriatric service began, preliminary data have been encouraging, with significant reductions in time to surgery and length of stay. This along with preoperative medical optimisation and collaborative discharge recommendations has improved overall patient outcomes even though more research is needed.
How Stable are Moral Judgments?
Authors: Rehren Paul , Sinnott-Armstrong Walter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPsychologists and philosophers often work hand in hand to investigate many aspects of moral cognition. In this paper, we want to highlight one aspect that to date has been relatively neglected: the stability of moral judgment over time. After explaining why philosophers and psychologists should consider stability and then surveying previous research, we will present the results of an original three-wave longitudinal study. We asked participants to make judgments about the same acts in a series of sacrificial dilemmas three times, 6–8 days apart. In addition to investigating the stability of our participants’ ratings over time, we also explored some potential explanations for instability. To end, we will discuss these and other potential psychological sources of moral stability (or instability) and highlight possible philosophical implications of our findings.
Fekete–Szegö problem for Bavrin’s functions and close-to-starlike mappings in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$
Authors: Długosz Renata , Liczberski Piotr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the study of a family of complex-valued holomorphic functions and a family of holomorphic mappings in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n}.$$

C

n

.

More precisely, the article concerns a Bavrin’s family of functions defined on a bounded complete n-circular domain $${\mathcal {G}}$$
G
of $${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$

C

n

and a family of biholomorphic mappings on the Euclidean open unit ball in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n}.$$

C

n

.

The presented results include some estimates of a combination of the Fréchet differentials at the point $$z=0,$$

z
=
0
,

of the first and second order for Bavrin’s functions, also of the second and third order for biholomorphic close-to-starlike mappings in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n},$$

C

n

,

respectively. These bounds give a generalization of the Fekete–Szegö coefficients problem for holomorphic functions of a complex variable on the case of holomorphic functions and mappings of several variables.
Social Media and its Negative Impacts on Autonomy
Authors: Sahebi Siavosh , Formosa Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow social media impacts the autonomy of its users is a topic of increasing focus. However, much of the literature that explores these impacts fails to engage in depth with the philosophical literature on autonomy. This has resulted in a failure to consider the full range of impacts that social media might have on autonomy. A deeper consideration of these impacts is thus needed, given the importance of both autonomy as a moral concept and social media as a feature of contemporary life. By drawing on this philosophical literature, we argue that autonomy is broadly a matter of developing autonomy competencies, having authentic ends and control over key aspects of your own life, and not being manipulated, coerced, and controlled by others. We show how the autonomy of users of social media can be disrespected and harmed through the control that social media can have over its users’data,attention, andbehaviour. We conclude by discussing various recommendations to better regulate social media.