bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Stability and Structural and Magnetic Ordering in (Cr1 − xFex)3C2 Magnetic MXene
Authors: Shinkorenko A. S. , Zhandun V. S. , Zamkova N. G. 
Published: February 2025

The thermodynamic stability and the magnetic and electronic properties of a new two-dimensional magnetic compound (Cr1 −
x
Fe
x
)3C2 belonging to the MXen family have been analyzed using ab initio calculations and the cluster approximation. The most stable structure and magnetic configuration of (Cr1 −
x
Fe
x
)3C2 have been proposed taking into account the functionalization of the surface with fluorine and oxygen. For the first time, a stable and promising ferrimagnetic MXene (Cr1/3Fe2/3)3C2 with a high magnetic moment per cell has been discovered, both in the pure form and with the fluorine-functionalized surface.
Indispensability of International Law for National Security. Advice to a Prince
Authors: Fife Rolf Einar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article considers particular aspects of the relationship between national security and the international legal system, against the backdrop of renewed geopolitical tensions. Instead of focusing here on applicable legal norms and relevant international institutions, arguments of indispensability of international law are offered, viewed through the lens of security interests and related communicative processes. Disparate snapshots are provided to foster conversations between international legal advisers and policymakers. Reflecting on ways to communicate a renewed understanding of national security dividends accruing from the international legal order may help bridge perceived contradictions in the analysis of fundamental interests. This may be combined with a realization of the potentially huge transactional and other costs of being seen to attempt weakening or circumventing it. Both benefits and costs are compounded by the increasing complexity, interconnectivity and mutual interdependence brought by globalization with momentous technological and social developments, which may trigger large-scale transformation for the better, but also leads to increased vulnerabilities.
Translaminar fracture behavior of hybrid woven-ply peek thermoplastic laminates under isothermal and kerosene flame exposure
Authors: Lin Lanhui , Vieille Benoit , Bouvet Christophe , Davin Tanguy 
Published: February 2025

The growing demand to use thermoplastic matrix composites in aeronautic has been confronted with the need to understand the fracture mechanisms under different service conditions. Thus, the present work aims at studying the influence of different thermal stress conditions on the fracture behavior of PolyEther Ether Ketone-reinforced carbon/glass fiber hybrid laminates (CG/PEEK), as a function of heating temperature and fire exposure time. Compact Tensile (CT) specimens are exposed to isothermal (from 350°C to 550°C in a high temperature furnace) and critical service conditions (kerosene flame exposure characterized by a heat flux of 116 kW/m2 and a temperature of 1150°C) exposure conditions. Monotonic tensile tests are then conducted to assess the mode I translaminar fracture toughness (FT) at room temperature. Crack propagation is monitored during mechanical loading using a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device combined with a binarization algorithm. Then, the G-R curves have been obtained from the compliance method. Under isothermal conditions, the residual mechanical properties degrade as temperature increases, particularly once thermal decomposition is about to start, due to the formation of porosities and extensive delamination. Under flame exposure, the microscopic and tomographic observations reveal thermally- and mechanically-induced damages with a heterogeneous distribution due to temperature gradients within the plies of laminates. Depending on the pyrolysis degree of each ply, the load bearing capabilities of the plies gradually deteriorate from the exposed to the opposed side. The critical FT values shows a decreasing trend (as a function of fire exposure time) with increasing ply number of charred regions through the thickness.
Impact of DNA repair deficiency on sensitivity to antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) payloads in bladder cancer
Authors: P Shanmugam Surish , Zhou Yuzhen , Stelter Isabella , Hanlon Timothy , Bekele Raie T , Bellmunt Joaquim , Szallasi Zoltan , Mouw Kent W 
Published: February 2025

Background Enfortumab vedotin (EV) and Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) are antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with demonstrated activity in advanced bladder cancer. A subset of bladder tumors harbors a DNA repair deficiency in either the homologous recombination (HR) or nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway that has the potential to impact sensitivity to specific classes of therapeutics. Objective Define the impact of HR or NER deficiency on sensitivity to ADC payloads alone or in combination with DNA repair targeted agents in bladder cancer. Methods Isogenic cell pairs with versus without HR or NER deficiency were profiled using DNA repair and drug sensitivity assays. Sensitivity to the ADC payloads monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and SN-38 alone or in combination with small molecule inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), ATR, or USP1 were measured using cell viability assays. Results BRCA2 loss was sufficient to confer an HR deficient phenotype and increase sensitivity to cisplatin and PARP inhibition in bladder cancer cell lines. HR deficiency, but not NER deficiency, increased sensitivity to MMAE and SN-38 in bladder cancer cells. The combination of SN-38 and PARP inhibition displayed synergistic cell killing independent of HR or NER status. Conclusion HR and NER deficiency have distinct impacts on sensitivity to cisplatin and ADC payloads in bladder cancer preclinical models.
Effect of Becoming Unemployed on Affordability of Oral Health Care among Australian Adults
Authors: Kaur G. , Tsakos G. , Yap T. , Karahalios A. , Chen Z. , Singh A. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Oral health care impacts of unemployment are not well understood. This is particularly important as many people, even in high-income countries, lack publicly funded oral health care, creating a financial burden for working-age individuals. This study aims to investigate the short-term effect of becoming unemployed on affordability of oral health care among working-age Australian adults. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey facilitated analysis of those employed in 2016 and examined the effect of becoming unemployed in 2017 on affordability of oral health care in 2018, adjusted for confounding with inverse probability weighting. Results: Individuals who became unemployed were 2.95 (95% CI, 1.88 to 4.63) times more likely to not receive dental treatment when needed due to a lack of affordability as compared with individuals who remained employed ( N = 6,529). On an absolute scale, the aforementioned difference in probability was 9% (95% CI, 3% to 15%). Discussion: Becoming unemployed had a considerable and immediate negative impact on the affordability of oral health care among working-age Australian adults. Adequate welfare support services are needed to address the immediate financial hardship and consequences that may result due to unemployment. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Using large population-based cohort data, we established that becoming unemployed hampers the ability to afford oral health care. Our study showed that this impact occurs within a year of unemployment, highlighting how quickly unemployment can create ripple effects for oral health care utilization, cascading into a potential lack of timely treatment or preventive therapies. Our findings highlight the need for adequate welfare support policies to address the immediate financial hardship and consequences that may result due to unemployment.
Do all anatomic stems perform equally at long-term survival? A regional registry-based study on 12,010 total hip arthroplasty implants according to stem length and neck modularity
Authors: Di Martino Alberto , Rossomando Valentino , Bordini Barbara , Brunello Matteo , Ferri Riccardo , Faldini Cesare 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anatomic stems for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been developed to achieve a precise geometric fit between the implant and the surrounding femoral bone, aiming at the improvement of primary stability of cementless implants until osteointegration occurs. The aim of the current study is to go over the regional Registry of Orthopaedic Prosthetic Implants (RIPO) to analyze survivorship of THA implants when anatomic stems are used; moreover, separate analysis for modular and nonmodular stems, and in standard and short implants, is presented.

Materials and methods
This retrospective registry study involved the analysis of data collected by the RIPO registry between 2000 and 2019. The study focused on THAs performed for primary hip osteoarthritis (OA) between 2000 and 2019. All patients treated by THA within this time frame and officially registered in the RIPO registry were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: revision THAs, cemented implants, hemiarthroplasties, resurfacing procedures, megaprostheses for neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, and THAs performed on patients residing outside the region.

Results
A total of 12,010 cementless primary THAs using curved anatomic stems were performed in Emilia-Romagna between 2000 and 2019 and formally registered in the RIPO registry. The overall survival rate for anatomic standard stems was 96.7% at 10 years (96.1–97.3%); at 15 from the surgery, the survival rate dropped to 95.1% (93.9–96.1%). A total of 473 out of 12,010 recorded THA with anatomic stems (3.93%) experienced failure requiring revision surgery. The fixed standard stem showed the lowest failure rate (0.6%), while modular short stems had the highest (7.4%) at long-term follow-up. The most common stem-related complication was periprosthetic fracture (PF) in short stems (2.0% of cases) while in standard stems it was implant breakage (0.9% of cases); PFs were significantly more frequent in female patients (p = 0.0082), with a relative risk (RR) of 1.59 compared with male patients. Implant breakage demonstrated the highest rate of incidence among standard-modular stems (1.1% of cases).

Conclusions
This registry-based study highlights that stem length and modularity significantly affect the long-term survival of anatomic femoral stems in THA. Fixed standard stems had the lowest failure rates, while modular short stems showed the highest failure rates and complications.

Level of evidence: 3.
The employment preferences of young people in Canada: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Woodgate Roberta L. , Isaak Corinne A. , Witt Julia , Tennent Pauline , Bell Ashley 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Young people across the world are facing numerous challenges, with unemployment and precarious employment being substantial issues, impacting young people with all levels of education. For many young people, the pandemic exacerbated their employment precarity. While efforts were made to ameliorate these pandemic related challenges for young people, information about the employment preferences of Canadian young workers (YW) is limited. The aim of this study was to understand the employment needs, challenges and preferences of Canadian YW in the COVID-19 era and beyond.

Methods
Using discrete choice experiment, YW from across Canada aged 18–29 years old were recruited to participate in an online survey October 2022 to April 2023 which was offered in both English and French. Nine job attributes were identified based on findings from the qualitative component of this mixed methods project: wage, earnings stability, job flexibility, vacation, sick time, health insurance, and workplace policies (respectful workplace, and being valued and understood as an employee). Respondents were presented with nine choice sets, each representing two scenarios that differ on policies or actions (attributes) related to their employment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Based on the respondent (N = 231) sample, analysis revealed that of YW aged 18–29 years, most valued having employment benefits along with workplace policies. These values were strongest for women and 18–21-year-olds. Overall, the employment preferences of Canadian YW in the current study align with four of five attributes considered by the International Labour Organization as minimum standards for decent work. These include adequate compensation, adequate access to health care, adequate free time and rest, and organizational values that support one’s [own and] family values. More specifically, study findings show that within the cohort there are strong gendered and aged-based preferences for non-monetary over monetary job attributes. These include employment benefits along with equitable, supportive employment policies.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that health and wellbeing are highly valued by YW and are among key drivers of employment preferences for Canadian YW during and after the pandemic, and therefore call for policies in the workplace that support the health and well-being of YW.
Evaluating the quality and equity of patient hospital discharge instructions
Authors: Austad Kirsten , Lee Joo Hyun , Lanney Howard , Rapoport Victoria Oliva , Wornhoff Rebecca , McDaniel Katherine , Li-Garrison Lindsay , Jack Brian W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Written discharge instructions improve patient understanding and self-management after hospitalization. While a small number of studies have evaluated the quality of hospital discharge instructions, none have focused on patients with a non-English language preference (NELP) or looked for potential disparities. Our goal was to compare the quality of patient discharge instructions between those with English language preference and NELP, including whether instructions were in the patient’s preferred language, included all content domains recommended by professional groups, and followed best practices for health literacy.

Methods
We analyzed 200 discharge records from inpatient adult medicine discharges at one hospital across a range of diagnoses using case matching by diagnosis and age to construct an English and NELP cohort (each n = 100). We assessed the percentage of discharge instructions written in the patient’s preferred language, measured word count, and calculated readability scores. Lastly, two individual raters used a scale—the Quality of Discharge Instructions-Inpatient (QDI-I) scale—to rate them across six domains of content quality.

Results
Only 8% of patients with NELP received discharge instructions in their preferred language compared to 100% in the English cohort (p < 0.001). The mean overall QDI-I score was similar for the NELP and English cohorts (71.1% of perfect versus 71.3% of perfect, p = 0.92), but the domain of return precautions was inferior among those with NELP (80.5% of perfect vs. 88.8% of perfect, p = 0.013). Instructions in both groups were written at an eighth- to ninth-grade reading level (age 13–15).

Discussion
We found disparities in quality of written discharge instructions for patients with NELP. Recommended next steps include replication of our methods across health systems and larger sample sizes to examine differences between non-English language groups.
Prospective associations between muscle strength and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes with incident type 2 diabetes: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Collings Paul James , Jang Haeyoon , Chen Ziyuan , Shi Qiaoxin , Ho Hin Sheung , Luo Shan , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Kim Youngwon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This study explored whether the prospective associations between muscle strength and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) differ by varying levels of genetic susceptibility to T2D.

Methods
This study included 141,848 white British individuals from the UK Biobank. Muscle strength was expressed as the relative value of grip strength (measured by a hand dynamometer) divided by fat-free mass (measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis). Three categories of muscle strength (low, medium and high) were generated based on the sex- and age-specific tertiles. Genetic risk of T2D was estimated using a weighted polygenic risk score based on 138 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms for T2D. During a median 7.4-year follow-up, 4,743 incident T2D cases were accrued. Cox regression with age as the underlying timescale was fit.

Results
High muscle strength was associated with a 44% lower hazard of T2D (HR:0.56, 95%CI:0.52–0.60), compared with low muscle strength, after adjustment for genetic risk of T2D. The inverse association between muscle strength and incident T2D was weaker in individuals with high genetic susceptibility. There was evidence of interaction between muscle strength and genetic susceptibility to T2D (p-additive = 0.010, p-multiplicative = 0.046). The estimated 8-year absolute risk of T2D was lower for high genetic risk—high muscle strength (2.47%), compared with low (2.89%) or medium (4.00%) genetic risk combined with low muscle strength.

Conclusions
Higher muscle strength was associated with lower relative risk of developing T2D, irrespective of genetic susceptibility to T2D, while such association was weaker in the high genetic risk group. Individuals at high genetic risk of T2D but with high muscle strength may have a lower 8-year absolute risk of developing T2D, compared with those at low or medium genetic risk but with low muscle strength. Our findings inform future clinical trials to prevent or delay the onset of T2D by implementing muscle-strengthening interventions among individuals of varying levels of genetic susceptibility to T2D, including those with high genetic risk.
Whole exome sequencing identified mutations of forkhead box I 1 (FOXI1), keratin 6 C (KRT6C) and gap junction protein delta 2 (GJD2) in a low-grade oncocytic tumor of the kidney: a case report
Authors: Kakumoto Akinari , Nishimura Koichi , Toki Daisuke , Kasajima Rika , Kuroda Hajime , Nagashima Yoji , Kondo Tsunenori , Miyagi Yohei , Masunaga Atsuko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) of the kidney is an emerging entity among renal oncocytic tumors. While the histological features of LOT of the kidney are similar to those of renal oncocytoma, LOT immunohistochemically expresses keratin 7 (KRT7) but not KIT while renal oncocytoma expresses KIT. Molecular analyses of LOTs of the kidney using next generation sequencing revealed those tumors harbor mutations of mTOR-related genes.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old Japanese man with a history of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer underwent resection of the tumor of the right kidney, 10 mm in diameter, which was monitored for six years. The tumor was histologically composed of oncocytic cells that expressed KRT7, vimentin, SDHA, SDHB and fumarate hydratase, but not KIT, GATA3 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase. We diagnosed the tumor as LOT of the kidney. Whole-exome sequencing of the LOT revealed single nucleotide variants in the DNA-binding region of forkhead box I1 (FOXI1), the coil 1B domain of keratin 6 C (KRT6C) and the intracytoplasmic region of gap junction delta 2 (GJD2), which encodes connexin 36. However, there was no mutations in mTOR-related genes. No copy number alterations were detected in the tumor.

Conclusions
We report three mutations in genes that have not been previously reported in LOT of the kidney. The genes are not related to the mTOR pathway. Therefore, LOT of the kidney might occur through several mechanisms and/or include several types of renal oncocytic tumors.
The economic impact of caregiving for individuals with Angelman syndrome in the United States: results from a caregiver survey
Authors: Jarvis John , Chertavian Elizabeth , Buessing Marric , Renteria Taylor , Tu Lufei , Hoffer Lauren , Fischer Ryan , Moore Amanda , Cross Meagan , Tones Megan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterized by persistent cognitive and functional impairments that necessitate lifelong care. Caring for individuals with AS leads to substantial household costs, as well as impacts on work productivity, leisure time, and quality of life for caregivers. The economic value of these impacts in the United States (US) has not been well studied. We conducted a survey of US caregivers for persons with AS to quantify the annual economic impact of caregiving. Information on AS-related economic impacts was gathered, including household costs, employment impacts, leisure time loss, and caregiver healthcare costs. The survey did not gather information on direct medical care costs borne by healthcare insurers or other economic impacts to the US government and other stakeholders.

Results
A total of 105 caregivers completed the survey and 105 individuals with AS were represented. Most caregivers were female (89.5%), white (83.8%), and identified as the primary caregiver (75.2%). Most individuals with AS represented in the sample were age < 18 (82.9%). The annual economic impact of caregiving for persons with AS averaged $79,837 (SD $55,505). Costs related to employment impacts and lost work productivity in the past 12 months accounted for most (53%) of this impact and averaged $42,697 (SD $28,309). Household costs incurred in the past 12 months for goods and services to better accommodate individuals with AS were $29,680 (SD $47,753). Leading contributors included vehicle purchases and modifications (mean $6,717; SD $17,791), professional caregiving (mean $6,123; SD $17,335), home modifications and repairs (mean $4,387; SD $15,734), and supportive therapy (mean $3,269; SD $7,564). Economic impacts in the past 12 months from lost leisure time and incremental healthcare costs for caregivers were estimated to be $6,634 (SD $4,652) and $827 (SD $2,072), respectively.

Conclusions
Caregivers incur substantial costs to accommodate individuals with AS, as well as substantial impacts related to employment and leisure time. This study’s findings may be utilized in future research to better estimate the value from therapeutic advances in AS and direct resources toward mitigating economic impacts for households.