bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techniques improving electrical cardioversion success for patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie T , Belley-Côté Emilie P , Ibrahim Omar , Um Kevin J , Lengyel Alexandra , Adli Taranah , Qiu Yuan , Wong Michael , Sibilio Serena , Benz Alexander P , Wolf Alex , Whitlock Nicola J , Gabriel Acosta Juan , Healey Jeff S , Baranchuk Adrian , McIntyre William F 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsElectrical cardioversion is commonly used to restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but procedural technique and clinical success vary. We sought to identify techniques associated with electrical cardioversion success for AF patients.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the grey literature from inception to October 2022. We abstracted data on initial and cumulative cardioversion success. We pooled data using random-effects models. From 15 207 citations, we identified 45 randomized trials and 16 observational studies. In randomized trials, biphasic when compared with monophasic waveforms resulted in higher rates of initial [16 trials, risk ratio (RR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.29–2.28] and cumulative success (18 trials, RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16). Fixed, high-energy (≥200 J) shocks when compared with escalating energy resulted in a higher rate of initial success (four trials, RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33–1.98). Manual pressure when compared with no pressure resulted in higher rates of initial (two trials, RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.21–3.95) and cumulative success (two trials, RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.34). Cardioversion success did not differ significantly for other interventions, including: antero-apical/lateral vs. antero-posterior positioned pads (initial: 11 trials, RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.97–1.39; cumulative: 14 trials, RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.06); rectilinear/pulsed biphasic vs. biphasic truncated exponential waveform (initial: four trials, RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.91–1.34; cumulative: four trials, RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89–1.08) and cathodal vs. anodal configuration (cumulative: two trials, RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92–1.07).ConclusionsBiphasic waveforms, high-energy shocks, and manual pressure increase the success of electrical cardioversion for AF. Other interventions, especially pad positioning, require further study.
What Do Think Tanks Think? Proximity to Power and Foreign Policy Preferences
Authors: Hanania Richard , Abrahms Max 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Through the use of survey methods, the study presents the first systematic comparison of America-based international relations professors to think tank employees (TTEs) in terms of their preferred conduct of the United States in international affairs. The difference between the two groups in their support for military intervention is stark. TTEs are 0.47 standard deviations more hawkish than professors based on a standard measure of militant internationalism (MI). Controlling for self-described ideology mitigates this effect although it remains statistically significant. Beyond quantifying their relative foreign policy preferences, this study helps to resolve why TTEs tend to assume more hawkish policies. The authors find evidence that hawkishness is associated with proximity to power. Professors who have worked for the federal government score higher on MI, as do TTEs based at institutions located closer to Capitol Hill. In general, the results point to a self-selection mechanism whereby those who favor interventionist policies are more likely to pursue positions to increase their policy influence, perhaps because they know that powerful institutions are more likely to hire hawks. Alternative explanations for differences, such as levels or kinds of foreign policy expertise, have weaker empirical support.
Operationalization of Intrinsic Capacity in Older People and Its Association With Subsequent Disability, Hospital Admission and Mortality: Results From The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Campbell Charlotte L , Cadar Dorina , McMunn Anne , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntrinsic capacity (IC) is a new concept in the healthy aging field and has many operationalized definitions. In this study, we operationalized IC using item response theory in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and tested the predictive value of the scale using a subsequent functional ability, mortality, and hospital admission.MethodsIC was measured at baseline (2004, Wave 2) using 14 dichotomous indicators: word recall, orientation in time, balance, chair rises, walking speed, upper mobility, lower mobility, eyesight, hearing, grip strength, body mass index, waist circumference, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. A 2-parameter item response theory model was used to generate a scale of IC at baseline. Logistic regression was used for the prediction of subsequent difficulties, measured by difficulties with ≥1 activities of daily living (ADLs) and ≥1 instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) at 4 and 8 years after baseline. Competing risk and Cox regressions were employed to test the prediction of hospital admission and mortality, respectively, over a 14-year follow-up.ResultsIC scores were generated for 4 545 individuals aged on average 70.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 7.93). Better baseline IC scores were associated with reduced risk of subsequent difficulties with ADLs and IADLs, hospital admission (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–0.99), and mortality (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98–0.99), when adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.ConclusionThese results suggest the utility of this IC score as a measure of risk for future adverse outcomes in older people, potentially above that indicated by other sociodemographic and health-related factors.
Life Outside: Pentecostalism, Poverty, and Excess in Haiti
Authors: Lowe Lenny J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBased on ethnographic research with a community of independent Pentecostals known in Haiti as “The Heavenly Army,” this article examines the practices and perspectives of these self-proclaimed spiritual warriors against the backdrop of their extreme material poverty. As articulated by Claudette the prophetess, her constant concern about afflicting spirits is specific to her life conditions, a way of living that she describes as “outside.” I first describe the “outsidedness” of Claudette’s and her community’s lives as an experience of marginality, vulnerability, and isolation from power. Then, drawing inspiration from Robert Orsi’s examination of “presence” and Georges Bataille’s notion of “excess,” I propose an approach that takes seriously Claudette’s claims without resorting to models of deprivation and compensation. Instead, I examine poverty not only as an experience of lack but also as one of material and social excess as well as unwelcomed presence. Foregrounding this aspect of poverty illuminates the way that global racialized capitalism and its excesses serve as a compelling meta-context for the study of global Pentecostalism.
Running city game optimizer: a game-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm for global optimization
Authors: Ma Bing , Hu Yongtao , Lu Pengmin , Liu Yonggang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As science and technology improve, more and more complex global optimization difficulties arise in real-life situations. Finding the most perfect approximation and optimal solution using conventional numerical methods is intractable. Metaheuristic optimization approaches may be effective in achieving powerful global optimal solutions for these complex global optimization situations. Therefore, this paper proposes a new game-based algorithm called the running city game optimizer (RCGO), which mimics the game participant’s activity of playing the running city game. The RCGO is mathematically established by three newfangled search strategies: siege, defensive, and eliminated selection. The performance of the proposed RCGO algorithm in optimization is comprehensively evaluated on a set of 76 benchmark problems and 8 engineering optimization scenarios. Statistical and comparative results show that RCGO is more competitive with other state-of-the-art competing approaches in terms of solution quality and convergence efficiency, which stems from a proper balance between exploration and exploitation. Additionally, in the case of engineering optimization scenarios, the proposed RCGO is able to deliver superior fitting and occasionally competitive outcomes in optimization applications. Thus, the proposed RCGO is a viable optimization tool to easily and efficiently handle various optimization problems.
Protective Benefits of Tending Ants to a Critically Endangered Butterfly
Authors: Hill Geena M , Trager Matthew D , Lucky Andrea , Daniels Jaret C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ants provide protection to various organisms via myrmecophilous relationships. Most notably, ants and several butterfly species are involved in mainly mutualistic interactions. Previous field studies have shown that butterfly larval survival is increased in the presence of tending ants, suggesting that ants are providing protection against insect predation or parasitism. Here, we conducted a series of timed observational trials under laboratory conditions to assess larval survival and ant protection from insect predators for a myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. We focused on a critically endangered butterfly, the Miami blue (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) (Comstock and Huntington) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), and its most common ant associate, the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus) (Buckley) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), to test this assumption of ant protection. We found that ants provide significant protection to Miami blue larvae, with later instar larvae receiving a higher level of protection due to differences in tending frequencies. These results will aid in informing conservation management and future organism reintroductions for this endangered butterfly.
crescendo: an on-the-fly Fokker–Planck solver for spectral cosmic rays in cosmological simulations
Authors: Böss Ludwig M , Steinwandel Ulrich P , Dolag Klaus , Lesch Harald 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Non-thermal emission from relativistic cosmic ray (CR) electrons gives insight into the strength and morphology of intra-cluster magnetic fields, as well as providing powerful tracers of structure formation shocks. Emission caused by CR protons on the other hand still challenges current observations and is therefore testing models of proton acceleration at intra-cluster shocks. Large-scale simulations including the effects of CRs have been difficult to achieve and have been mainly reduced to simulating an overall energy budget, or tracing CR populations in post-processing of simulation output and has often been done for either protons or electrons. We introduce crescendo: Cosmic Ray Evolution with SpeCtral Electrons aND prOtons, an efficient on-the-fly Fokker–Planck solver to evolve distributions of CR protons and electrons within every resolution element of our simulation. The solver accounts for CR (re-)acceleration at intra-cluster shocks, based on results of recent particle-in-cell simulations, adiabatic changes, and radiative losses of electrons. We show its performance in test cases as well as idealized galaxy cluster (GC) simulations. We apply the model to an idealized GC merger following best-fitting parameters for CIZA J2242.4 + 5301-1 and study CR injection, radio relic morphology, spectral steepening, and synchrotron emission.
X-ray absorption lines in the warm–hot intergalactic medium: probing Chandra observations with the CAMEL simulations
Authors: Butler Contreras Amanda , Lau Erwin T , Oppenheimer Benjamin D , Bogdán Ákos , Tillman Megan , Nagai Daisuke , Kovács Orsolya E , Burkhart Blakesley 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Known as the ‘Missing Baryon Problem’, about one-third of baryons in the local universe remain unaccounted for. The missing baryons are thought to reside in the warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) of the cosmic web filaments, which are challenging to detect. Recent Chandra X-ray observations used a novel stacking analysis and detected an O vii absorption line towards the sightline of a luminous quasar, hinting that the missing baryons may reside in the WHIM. To explore how the properties of the O vii absorption line depend on feedback physics, we compare the observational results with predictions obtained from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning (CAMEL) Simulation suite. CAMELS consists of cosmological simulations with state-of-the-art supernova (SN) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback models from the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA simulations, with varying strengths. We find that the simulated O vii column densities are higher in the outskirts of galaxies than in the large-scale WHIM, but they are consistently lower than those obtained in the Chandra observations, for all feedback runs. We establish that the O vii distribution is primarily sensitive to changes in the SN feedback prescription, whereas changes in the AGN feedback prescription have minimal impact. We also find significant differences in the O vii column densities between the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA runs. We conclude that the tension between the observed and simulated O vii column densities cannot be explained by the wide range of feedback models implemented in CAMELS.
Biocompatible zinc battery with programmable electro-cross-linked electrolyte
Authors: Xie Xuesong , Li Jingjing , Xing Zhengyue , Lu Bingan , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Aqueous zinc batteries (ZBs) attract increasing attention for potential applications in modern wearable and implantable devices due to their safety and stability. However, challenges associated with biosafety designs and the intrinsic electrochemistry of ZBs emerge when moving to practice, especially for biomedical devices. Here, we propose a green and programmable electro-cross-linking strategy to in situ prepare a multi-layer hierarchical Zn–alginate polymer electrolyte (Zn–Alg) via the superionic binds between the carboxylate groups and Zn2+. Consequently, the Zn–Alg electrolyte provides high reversibility of 99.65% Coulombic efficiency (CE), &gt;500 h of long-time stability and high biocompatibility (no damage to gastric and duodenal mucosa) in the body. A wire-shaped Zn/Zn–Alg/α-MnO2 full battery affords 95% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1 and good flexibility. The new strategy has three prominent advantages over the conventional methods: (i) the cross-linking process for the synthesis of electrolytes avoids the introduction of any chemical reagents or initiators; (ii) a highly reversible Zn battery is easily provided from a micrometer to large scales through automatic programmable functions; and (iii) high biocompatibility is capable of implanted and bio-integrated devices to ensure body safety.
Machine learning-aided atomic structure identification of interfacial ionic hydrates from AFM images
Authors: Tang Binze , Song Yizhi , Qin Mian , Tian Ye , Wu Zhen Wei , Jiang Ying , Cao Duanyun , Xu Limei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Relevant to broad applied fields and natural processes, interfacial ionic hydrates have been widely studied by using ultrahigh-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, the complex relationship between the AFM signal and the investigated system makes it difficult to determine the atomic structure of such a complex system from AFM images alone. Using machine learning, we achieved precise identification of the atomic structures of interfacial water/ionic hydrates based on AFM images, including the position of each atom and the orientations of water molecules. Furthermore, it was found that structure prediction of ionic hydrates can be achieved cost-effectively by transfer learning using neural network trained with easily available interfacial water data. Thus, this work provides an efficient and economical methodology that not only opens up avenues to determine atomic structures of more complex systems from AFM images, but may also help to interpret other scientific studies involving sophisticated experimental results.
Karius With a Q: Role for Microbial Cell-Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever
Authors: Ranganath Nischal , Khodadadi Ryan B , Abu Saleh Omar M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The diagnosis of Q fever can be challenging and a high index of suspicion is necessary. Within this case series, we highlight the utility of the microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing or Karius Test in the timely diagnosis and management of acute Q fever.
Understanding water structure and hydrogen association on platinum–electrolyte interface
Authors: Bawari Sumit , Guha Anku , Narayanan Tharangattu N , Mondal Jagannath 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Platinum (Pt) is a benchmarked catalyst for several electro-catalytic processes, although the complex nature of heterogeneous charge transfer processes at the Pt–electrolyte interface hinders an atomistic-level understanding of the electrodics. In this study, we aim to capture the chemical changes of Pt surfaces brought on by an applied potential, which can probe the catalytic efficacy under varying applied bias. Through a combined experimental and reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, we uncover the effect of charge buildup on the surface of the Pt electrode, which can be directed toward capacitive and faradaic processes. In the case of a moderately acidic pH shown here, the potential dependence of simulated electrodic processes aligns well with the experimental results from electrochemistry and in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Using reactive MD- and SERS-based studies, we are able to probe into the interfacial water structure and the formation of the Helmholtz layer. At reductive potentials of ∼0.3–0.0 V vs. RHE, we simulate phenomena such as under potential hydrogen adsorption and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction. Together, the investigation establishes a framework for quantitative exploration of catalytic processes in electrolytes at very high spatial and temporal resolution.
Large amplitude non-spherical bubbles
Authors: Cockerill Madeleine C , Forbes Lawrence K , Bassom Andrew P 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe consider the long-term evolution of an axisymmetric bubble and explore the ways in which it may develop. Linearised inviscid analysis is used to predict the stability of the bubble with a small disturbance while a nonlinear inviscid extension shows that the growth of unstable modes is ultimately limited by the formation of axisymmetric curvature singularities. The addition of surface tension is shown to delay, but not entirely prevent, these singularities. Our results are found to agree well with a viscous Boussinesq theory at least to early times. The inclusion of viscosity means that the development of the bubble structure is not limited by the creation of singularities, and the bubble may ultimately adopt one of a wide range of possible large-scale deformations. Among these, perhaps the most exotic are jet-like structures which can pinch off and break into several distinct parts. Spectral methods are employed to solve the inviscid and Boussinesq models while the linearised inviscid model admits a closed-form series solution.
The use of ultrasound in colonic and perianal diseases
Authors: Fábián Anna , Bor Renáta , Szepes Zoltán 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
To revise recent literature findings regarding the use of ultrasound in colonic and perianal diseases by focusing particularly on its feasibility in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), colorectal neoplastic lesions, and perineal diseases, with further highlight on interventional capabilities.

Recent findings
Treat-to-target approach in IBD raised an interest in intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for monitoring bowel activity considering its noninvasive nature, low costs, and well tolerability. New IUS indices have been developed with ever better methodologies and are at various stage of validation. A standardized over-the-wire technique for colonic US using a flexible overtube enables endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling beyond the rectum, and forward-viewing radial-array echoendoscopes can assist identification of early neoplastic lesions in proximal colon. Intraoperative ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound carry an additional diagnostic value compared to conventional preoperative imaging modalities in detecting colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM).

Summary
The feasibility of IUS in monitoring IBD activity is supported by growing evidence, but uniform IUS indices are still lacking. Recent advancements in EUS are expanding capabilities for determining depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms, tissue sampling, and EUS-guided interventions to the entire colon. Ultrasonography can be a valuable tool in CRLM diagnostics as well.
Check this out: treatment paradigms in immune-checkpoint inhibitor colitis
Authors: Kiparizoska Sara , Murphy Megan E. , Mattar Mark C. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a pillar of cancer therapy for many people around the world. However, up to two-thirds of all patients undergoing ICI therapy will have immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-checkpoint inhibitor colitis (ICIC). This review summarizes the most valuable and currently available information about the mechanism, diagnosis, and management of ICIC.

Recent findings
Recent findings include several developments on the leading theories for the mechanisms of ICIC such as the role of the gut microbiome. New emerging therapy strategies include tocilizumab, ustekinumab, mycophenolate mofetil, and calcineurin inhibitors.

Summary
The occurrence of irAEs remains a limiting factor for the use of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Prompt diagnosis of ICIC with endoscopy and histologic confirmation can lead to early utilization of known effective treatments such as corticosteroids, infliximab, vedolizumab, and other emerging therapy strategies. We summarize the key points of this review article in our abstract video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/COG/A44.
Double-edged sword: impact of fecal microbiome transplants on the gut resistome
Authors: Hallowell Haley Anne , Gao Anne Lulu , Suez Jotham 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Fecal microbiome transplants (FMT) show promise in treating various diseases, such as Clostridioides difficile infections. FMT have also demonstrated the capacity to modulate the collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), termed the resistome, within the gut. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the literature regarding the interaction between FMT and the gut resistome and determine whether FMT could be used specifically to reduce ARG carriage in the gut.

Recent findings
Several studies have demonstrated a decrease in ARG carriage post-FMT administration in various disease states, including recurrent C. difficile infection and after antibiotic usage. However, other studies have reported an expansion of the resistome following FMT. Most studies contained small patient cohorts regardless of the outcome and showed heterogeneity in responses.

Summary
Research on resistome modulation by FMT is preliminary, and human studies currently lack consensus regarding benefits and risks. From a safety perspective, screening donor samples for ARGs in addition to antibiotic-resistant organisms may be advisable. Additional studies on the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity between studies and individuals are required before FMT is considered an efficient approach for resistome amelioration.