bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clinical application effects and challenges of early warning system for the high‐risk obstetric women of China: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Han , Jiang Jin‐Xia , Xia Jie , Yu Chan , Zhong Min‐Hui , Pang Qi‐Ying , Mao Yan‐Li , Duan Xia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundObstetric critical illness is an important factor that leads to an increase in maternal mortality. Early warning assessment can effectively reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, there are multiple early warning systems, and the effect and applicability of each system in China still need to be explored.ObjectivesTo elaborate on the application, effectiveness and challenges of the existing early warning systems for high‐risk obstetric women in China and to provide a reference for clinical practice.DesignA scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis for scoping review (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines.Eligibility criteriaWe included original studies related to early warning and excluded those that were guidelines, consensus and reviews. The included studies were published in Chinese or English by Chinese scholars as of June 2021.Data sourcesCNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically, and the reference sections of the included papers were snowballed.ResultsIn total, 598 articles were identified. These articles were further refined using keyword searches and exclusion criteria, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. We extracted data related to each study's population, methods and results. Early warning tools, outcome indices, effects and challenges are discussed.ConclusionsAlthough all studies have shown that early warning systems have good application effects, the use of early warning systems in China is still limited, with poor regional management and poor sensitivity for specific obstetric women. Future research needs to develop more targeted early warning tools for high‐risk obstetric women and address the current challenges in clinical applications.
Self‐administration of gender‐affirming hormones and supratherapeutic dosing are relatively common in Japanese transgender women
Authors: Baba Tsuyoshi , Endo Toshiaki , Ikeda Utako , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ichihara Koji , Masumori Naoya , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study was performed to determine the proportion of transgender women with self‐adjusted hormone administration and excess dosing.MethodsThe medical records of 87 transgender women who visited our gender clinic from 2010 through 2019 were reviewed. The complete blood count and serum concentrations of D‐dimer, gonadotropins, and sex steroids were compared between transgender women who were self‐administering gender‐affirming hormones and women not using such hormones.ResultsFifty‐eight of 87 (66.7%) transgender women had contravened the guideline and self‐adjusted their hormone administration. The hormonal data of one woman with hypopituitarism were eliminated from the analyses. The serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels were significantly lower in the self‐administration group than in the hormone‐naïve group. Gonadotropin levels below the lower limit of normal were found in 32/86 (37.2%) transgender women. The testosterone levels in six transgender women were not analyzed because these women had undergone sex reassignment surgery before visiting our hospital. Testosterone levels below the lower limit of normal men were found in 36/80 (45.0%) transgender women. Unexpectedly, 29/36 (80.6%) transgender women who were classified as having suppressed serum testosterone levels had testosterone levels of <0.6 ng/mL, which corresponds to the levels in cisgender women. The white blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were significantly different between the groups.ConclusionSelf‐initiated hormonal treatments seem to affect the serum concentrations of gonadotropin and sex steroids and the complete blood count. The prevalence of transgender women with self‐adjusted use of gender‐affirming hormones is high, and an excess dose of hormones occasionally occurs.
Recruitment and work arrangements for employees with intellectual disability in competitive employment
Authors: Wendelborg Christian , Garrels Veerle , Sigstad Hanne Marie Høybråten , Dean Evan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNorwegian employment policy, the activation policy, states that life on social security should be the last resort after exhausting all available activation measures. Despite this, people with intellectual disability are almost entirely excluded from the competitive labour market in Norway. This article highlights the conditions that promote employment of people with intellectual disability and factors that stimulate recruitment. This study explores (1) How do companies recruit employees with intellectual disability, including (a) how do private companies differ from public companies regarding recruitment and (b) which role does The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) and upper secondary education play in this; (2) Which working arrangements do employees with intellectual disability have? and (3) What types of support do companies receive? A quantitative survey mapped the experiences of employers who have hired people with intellectual disability and highlighted factors that may promote recruitment. Most companies recruited people with intellectual disability with support from NAV. For approximately, one in five recruitments of employees with intellectual disability, collaboration with upper secondary education played a role in the hiring process. Social networks were a way into employment only in the private sector, and a larger share of private companies employed people with intellectual disability in ordinary positions without subsidies. About 27% of the companies did not receive any support when hiring employees with intellectual disability. Due to more flexible hiring regulations, there may be more structural factors promoting the recruitment of people with intellectual disability in the private sector than in the public sector. Further, the employment of people with intellectual disability in competitive labour may depend on policies and how policies are adapted and enforced by NAV employees. More extensive collaboration between upper secondary education and workplaces could also be beneficial to recruiting employees with intellectual disability.
Changes in accommodation and behavioural performance with a contact lens for myopia management: A comparison between a dual‐focus and a single‐vision soft contact lens
Authors: Redondo Beatriz , Vera Jesús , Molina Rubén , Galán Tomás , Machado Pedro , Jiménez Raimundo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDual‐focus soft contact lenses for myopia management have demonstrated to be an effective strategy to reduce myopia progression. However, this optical design has been shown to alter visual quality and accommodative function. The aim of this study was to examine the accommodative and behavioural performance during the execution of a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) while wearing dual‐focus and single‐vision soft contact lenses.MethodsThe steady‐state accommodative response was recorded with the WAM‐5500 binocular open‐field autorefractor during the execution of a 10‐min PVT at 50 cm either with the dual‐focus (MiSight 1‐day) or single‐vision (Proclear 1‐day) soft contact lenses, using a sample of 23 healthy young adults. Each experimental session was performed on two different days in a counterbalanced order.ResultsA greater lag of accommodation, variability of accommodation and reaction time was found while wearing dual‐focus in comparison with single‐vision soft contact lenses (mean differences during the 10‐min PVT were 0.58 ± 0.81 D, p < 0.001; 0.31 ± 0.17 D, p < 0.001 and 15.22 ± 20.93 ms, p = 0.002, respectively). Also, a time‐on‐task effect was found for the variability of accommodation and reaction time (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), observing higher values over time. However, the lag of accommodation did not change significantly as a function of time‐on‐task (p = 0.33).ConclusionDual‐focus soft contact lens wear influences the steady‐state accommodative response and behavioural performance during the execution of a visual vigilance task in the short‐term. Eye care practitioners should be aware of these effects when prescribing these lenses for myopia management, and provide specific recommendations according to the individual visual needs.
Supply‐Side Versus Demand‐Side Unmet Need: Implications for Family Planning Programs
Authors: Senderowicz Leigh , Maloney Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite its central importance to global family planning, the “unmet need for contraception” metric is frequently misinterpreted. Often conflated with a lack of access, misinterpretation of what unmet need means and how it is measured has important implications for family planning programs. We review previous examinations of unmet need, with a focus on the roles of access and demand for contraception, as well as the role of population control in shaping the indicator's priorities. We suggest that disaggregating unmet need into “demand‐side unmet need” (stemming from lack of demand) and “supply‐side unmet need” (stemming from lack of access) could allow current data to be leveraged into a more person‐centered understanding of contraceptive need. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from seven sub‐Saharan African countries to generate a proof‐of‐concept, dividing women into unmet need categories based on reason for contraceptive nonuse. We perform sensitivity analyses with varying conceptions of access and disaggregate by education and marital status. We find that demand‐side unmet need far exceeds supply‐side unmet need in all scenarios. Focusing on supply‐side rather than overall unmet need is an imperfect but productive step toward person‐centered measurement, while more sweeping changes to family planning measurement are still required.
Intraarterial papaverine for relief of catheter‐induced peripheral arterial vasospasm during pediatric cardiac surgery: A randomized double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Gautam Nischal K. , Griffin Evelyn , Hubbard Richard , Pawelek Olga , Edmonds Kayla , Rydalch Eric , Zhang Xu , Sharma Sahithi , Hoffmann Cassandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaintaining the patency of peripheral arterial lines in pediatric patients during surgery can be challenging due to multiple factors, and catheter‐related arterial vasospasm is a potentially modifiable cause. Papaverine, a potent vasodilator, improves arterial line patency when used as a continuous infusion in the pediatric intensive care setting, but this method is not convenient during surgery.AimExtrapolating from the benefit seen in the intensive care unit, the authors hypothesize that a small‐volume intraarterial bolus of papaverine immediately after arterial line placement will reduce vasospasm‐related arterial line malfunction.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind study. Patients less than 17 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized into the heparin or papaverine groups. Immediately after arterial line insertion, an intraarterial bolus of heparin (2 units/ml, 1 ml) or papaverine (0.12 mg/ml, 1 ml) was administered (T1, Figure 1). An optimal waveform was defined as the ease of aspirating a standardized blood sample within 30 s, absence of cavitation when sampling, absence of color change at the catheter site during injection, and presence of a dicrotic notch. The primary outcome evaluated was the presence of an optimal arterial waveform at 5 min after the first randomized dose (T1 + 5 min). The secondary outcomes were the presence of optimal arterial waveform an hour after the first dose and the ability of papaverine to rescue suboptimal waveforms.ResultsA total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients were excluded from the analysis. Complete datasets after randomization were available in 88 patients (heparin group, n = 46; papaverine group, n = 42). At baseline, groups were similar for age, weight, arterial vessel size, and arterial line patency. At T1 + 5 min, an improvement in the waveform characteristics was observed in the papaverine group (heparin,39% [8/46] vs. papaverine, 64% [27/42]; p = .02; odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.6, Figure 3, Table 2). At the end of 1 h, both groups showed continued improvement in arterial line patency. After the second dose, a higher number of patients in the heparin group had suboptimal waveforms and were treated with papaverine (heparin,37% [17/46] vs. papaverine,17% [7/42], p = .05). Patients in the heparin group treated with papaverine showed significant improvement in patency (13/17 vs. 3/7, p = .01). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsIn pediatric patients, papaverine injection immediately after peripheral arterial catheter placement was associated with relief of vasospasm and improved initial arterial line patency. Further, papaverine can be used as a rescue to improve and maintain arterial line patency.
Presentation and outcomes of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder at a single institution pediatric transplant center
Authors: Ramos‐Gonzalez Gabriel , Crum Robert , Allain Alec , Agur Timna , O’Melia Laura , Staffa Steven , Burchett Sandra K. , Siegele Bradford , Weinberg Olga , Rodig Nancy M. , Fawaz Rima , Singh Tajinder P , Freiberger Dawn A. , Bae Kim Heung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to characterize features present at the time of diagnosis and describe outcomes in patients with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following pediatric solid organ transplantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of solid organ transplant patients who developed pathologically confirmed PTLD at our center from 2006 to 2016.ResultsOf 594 patients included in this study, 41(6.9%) were diagnosed with PTLD. Median age at transplant was 5.6(IQR 1.7–16.1) years. Proportion of PTLD cases by organ transplanted and median time (IQR) to disease onset were: heart 11/144(7.6%) at 13.6(8.5–55.6) months, lung 7/52(13.5%) at 9.1(4.9–35) months, kidney 8/255(3.1%) at 39.5(13.9–57.1) months, liver 12/125(9.6%) at 7.7(5.5–22) months, intestine 0/4(0%), and multi‐visceral 3/14(21.4%) at 5.4(5.4–5.6) months. No significant correlation was seen between recipient EBV status at transplant and timing of development of PTLD. There were six early lesions, 15 polymorphic, 19 monomorphic, and one uncharacterizable PTLD. Following immunosuppression reduction, 30 patients received rituximab, and 14 required chemotherapy. At median 25(IQR 12–53) months follow‐up from the onset of PTLD, eight patients died secondary to transplant related complications, three are alive with active disease, and 30 have no evidence of disease.ConclusionPTLD is a significant complication following pediatric solid organ transplantation. EBV levels in conjunction with symptomatic presentation following transplant may assist in detection of PTLD. Most patients can achieve long‐term disease‐free survival through immunosuppression reduction, anti‐CD20 treatment, and chemotherapy in refractory cases.
The rationale and clinical potential of on‐line hemodiafiltration as renal replacement therapy
Authors: Canaud Bernard , Davenport Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn‐line hemodiafiltration (ol‐HDF) was developed in the 1980s in response to the unmet medical needs observed with conventional low‐ and high‐flux hemodialysis. Firstly, the limited overall efficacy of conventional HD treatment programs as compared to native kidney function has been consistently documented over the broad MW spectrum of uremic toxins as well as fluid volume and hemodynamic control. Secondly, the unphysiological profile of intermittent treatment leading to repetitive dialysis‐induced hemodynamic stress is now a well‐recognized component of cardiovascular disease and end organ damage. Thirdly, the bioincompatibility of patient‐dialysis system leading to dialysis‐induced biological reactions also identified as contributing to dialytic morbidity and mortality. To overcome these limitations and pitfalls, alternative convective‐based therapies (hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration), using higher hemoincompatible membranes and ultrapure dialysis fluid, were proposed as a solution to enhance and enlarge MW spectrum of uremic compounds cleared and to reduce dialysis‐patient biological interactions. In this context, online HDF appeared soon as the best viable and efficient renal replacement modality to cover these needs. Clinical development and implementation of ol‐HDF showed also that dialytic convective dose matters with a threshold point (23 L/1.73 m2 in postdilution mode) to observe clinical benefits and outcomes improvements.
Competence Issue Ownership, Issue Positions and the Vote for the Greens and the Social Democrats
Authors: Petitpas Adrien , Sciarini Pascal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractApplying a consideration set approach to panel data, we contribute to the literature on intra‐bloc voting by studying the vote for the Greens and the Social Democrats in the 2019 Swiss elections. Theoretically, because the two parties are ideologically and programmatically so similar, we argue that potential left‐wing voters have a hard time making a final choice based on issue positions, and rely instead on their evaluations of parties' issue competence. The empirical tests partly support our expectations. Maintaining or shifting the attribution of competence on the environment to the Greens during the election campaign prompts potential left‐wing voters to end up voting for the Greens; similar effects hold for the Social Democrats regarding social policy. Yet, this does not wipe out the impact of issue positions, which also help potential left‐wing voters decide between the Greens and the Social Democrats. These results have important theoretical and practical implications.
Autonomous Closed-Loop Experimental Characterization and Dynamic Model Validation of a Scaled Underwater Kite
Authors: Abney Andrew , Reed James , Naik Kartik , Bryant Samuel , Herbert Dillon , Leonard Zak , Vadlamannati Ashwin , Mook Mariah , Beknalkar Sumedh , Alvarez Miguel , Granlund Kenneth , Bryant Matthew , Mazzoleni Andre , Fathy Hosam , Vermillion Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the closed-loop experimental framework and dynamic model validation for a 1/12-scale underwater kite design. The pool-based tow testing framework described herein, which involves a fully actuated, closed-loop controlled kite and flexible tether, significantly expands upon the capabilities of any previously developed open-source framework for experimental underwater kite characterization. Specifically, the framework has allowed for the validation of three closed-loop flight control strategies, along with a critical comparison between dynamic model predictions and experimental results. In this paper, we provide a detailed presentation of the experimental tow system and kite setup, describe the control algorithms implemented and tested, and quantify the level of agreement between our multi-degree-of-freedom kite dynamic model and experimental data. We also present a sensitivity analysis that helps to identify the most influential parameters to kite performance and further explain the remaining mismatches between the model and data.
Long dead winos
Authors: Goodsell Mark D. , Priya Lakshmi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe a new code and approach using particle-level information to recast the recent CMS disappearing track searches including all Run 2 data. Notably, the simulation relies on knowledge of the detector geometry, and we also include the simulation of pileup events directly rather than as an efficiency function. We validate it against provided acceptances and cutflows, and use it in combination with heavy stable charged particle searches to place limits on winos with any proper decay length above a centimetre. We also provide limits for a simple model of a charged scalar that is only produced in pairs, that decays to electrons plus an invisible fermion.
Intrauterine Growth Retardation Affects Intestinal Health of Suckling Piglets via Altering Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Glucose Uptake, Tight Junction, and Immune Responses
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , Xiong Kangning 
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on the intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal glucose absorption capacity, and intestinal barrier function of piglets during the suckling period. A total of eight normal-birth-weight (NBW) piglets and eight IUGR newborn piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were selected from eight litters, one NBW and one IUGR newborn piglet per litter. In each litter, piglets with birth weight of

1.54
±
0.04

kg

(within one SD of the mean birth weight) were selected as NBW piglets and piglets with birth weight of

0.82
±
0.03

kg

(two SD below the mean birth weight) were selected as IUGR piglets. At 21 days of age, all piglets were killed by exsanguinations for sampling. The results showed the body weight (BW) of IUGR piglets on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21, and the body weight gain (BWG) of IUGR piglets was significantly lower than that of NBW piglets. IUGR piglets exhibited impaired intestinal morphology, raised enterocyte apoptosis, and increased oxidative damage. It showed that IUGR leads to a lower antioxidant capacity and glucose absorption in the jejunum. In accordance, IUGR caused the intestinal barrier dysfunction by impairing tight junctions and increasing intestinal inflammatory injury. Collectively, these results add to our understanding that IUGR affects intestinal health of suckling piglets via altering intestinal antioxidant capacity, glucose uptake, tight junction, and immune responses, and the slow growth of piglets with IUGR may be associated with intestinal injury.
The Protective Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Impact on Gene Expression Profiling in Rat Model of COPD
Authors: He Yanjing , Sun Yun , Liao Chengcheng , Lin Fan , Xia Zhengyuan , Qi Yongfen , Chen Yahong 
Published: March 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, which is usually caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous gasotransmitter, is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, but its role in COPD is little known. To investigate the role of H2S in COPD, a rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,

CS
+
LPS

,

CS
+
LPS
+
sodium

hydrosulfide

(NaHS, H2S donor), and

CS
+
LPS
+
propargylglycine

(PPG, inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase, and CTH). Lung function in vivo, histology analysis of lung sections, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, CTH protein, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in lung tissues were assessed. Gene expression profiling of lung was assessed by microarray analysis. The results showed that rats in the

CS
+
LPS

group had lower body weight and lung function but higher lung pathological scores, MDA concentration, CTH protein, T-SOD, and CAT activity compared with the control. Compared with

CS
+
LPS

group, NaHS treatment decreased lung pathological scores and MDA concentration, while PPG treatment decreased body weight of rats and T-SOD activity, and no significant differences were detected in pathological scores by PPG treatment. Microarray analysis identified multiple differentially expressed genes, and some genes regulated by H2S were involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways. It indicates that H2S may play a protective role in COPD via antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis pathway.