bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los expertos y su laberinto. Una reflexión sobre ética en tiempos de pandemia.
Authors: Vallès Xavier 
Published: March 2022

Los expertos o líderes de opinión en el ámbito biomédico han cobrado una enorme relevancia en tiempos de la epidemia de Covid-19. Su influencia en las circunstancias particulares de la pandemia, plantea de forma acuciante los posibles conflictos de interés que puedan tener. Un conflicto de interés se define por aquella situación en que la integridad y el juicio de una persona puede verse influenciado por un interés secundario, y que puede apartarlo de los objetivos primarios que dictan su acción o actividad. La problemática de los conflictos de intereses se plantea casi siempre desde una óptica utilitarista, es decir, como detectarlos y evitar sus efectos perniciosos. No obstante, en este artículo argumentamos la insuficiencia de esta aproximación, y defendemos la necesidad de recuperar un sustrato moral aceptable para todos, en este caso la moral Kantiana y su concepto de autonomía, que permita vacunarnos de las derivas que pueden conllevar los conflictos de intereses en una sociedad extremadamente mediatizada, al mismo tiempo que se recupere el concepto de autoridad frente al de simple experto.
Circular dichroic metasurface based on a “double L” structure
Authors: Sun Xiaojie , Xu Mingzhu , Wang Guangxue , Song Qiuyang , Li Yang , Gao Xiumin 
Published: March 2022

Based on the theory of circular polarization dichroism in electromagnetic fields, this paper studies the circular dichroism (CD) characteristics of metasurfaces. Using a stable silicon material, an innovative “double L-shaped” composite structure formed by two L crosses is proposed to improve CD. Under a wide spectrum with wavelengths of 1000–1500 nm, the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) lights pass through the structure, and we study the influence of different structural parameters on the CD, in order to obtain the best structural parameters. These realize the cross polarization of left-right circularly polarized light. In addition, at the wavelength of 1302.63 nm, the LCP light illuminates the structure, which realizes the cross polarization of LCP light; that is, the structure realizes the function of a half-wave plate. The RCP light incident structure realizes the function of a filter. It has great application prospects in biological detection, half-wave plates, filters, and other fields.
Dynamic brain spectrum acquired by a real-time ultraspectral imaging chip with reconfigurable metasurfaces
Authors: Xiong Jian , Cai Xusheng , Cui Kaiyu , Huang Yidong , Yang Jiawei , Zhu Hongbo , Li Wenzheng , Hong Bo , Rao Shijie , Zheng Zekun , Xu Sheng , He Yuhan , Liu Fang , Feng Xue , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2022

Spectral imaging paves the way for various fields, particularly in biomedical research. However, spectral imaging, mainly depending on spatial or temporal scanning, cannot achieve high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution simultaneously. In this study, we demonstrated a silicon real-time ultraspectral imaging chip based on reconfigurable metasurfaces, comprising 155,216 (

356

×

436

) image-adaptive microspectrometers with ultra-high center-wavelength accuracy of 0.04 nm and spectral resolution of 0.8 nm. It is employed for imaging brain hemodynamics, and the dynamic spectral absorption properties of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in a rat barrel cortex were obtained, which enlighten spectroscopy in vivo studies and other real-time applications.
Probing neuronal functions with precise and targeted laser ablation in the living cortex: comment
Authors: Liang Xiao-Xuan , Vogel Alfred 
Published: March 2022

The paper [Optica 8, 1559
(2021)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.433562] is devoted to
probing neuronal functions by targeted cell ablation in living cortex.
It demonstrates the advantage of cell ablation by single high-energy
pulses from an amplified femtosecond (fs) laser system, which leaves
adjacent structures intact. The single-pulse effects rely on
mechanical disruption by laser-induced microcavitation, which goes
along with a lack of diffusive collateral damage. In comparison, cell
damage by low-energy pulses from fs laser oscillators is shown to be
associated with a damage zone with tens of micrometer radius around
the targeted cell. The collateral damage is attributed to heat
accumulation and diffusion. We demonstrate through numerical
simulations of plasma formation and temperature evolution for the
experimentally employed irradiation conditions that a large number of
free electrons is produced but the temperature rise at focus is only
0.3 K. Therefore, the damage is caused by nonlinear photochemistry and
plasma-mediated chemical effects rather than by thermal effects.
Professional practice for COVID-19 risk reduction among health care workers: A cross-sectional study with matched case-control comparison
Authors: Wilson Sarah , Mouet Audrey , Jeanne-Leroyer Camille , Borgey France , Odinet-Raulin Emmanuelle , Humbert Xavier , Le Hello Simon , Thibon Pascal 
Published: March 2022

Background
Health care workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to COVID-19 and therefore it is important to study preventive measures in this population.

Aim
To investigate socio-demographic factors and professional practice associated with the risk of COVID-19 among HCWs in health establishments in Normandy, France.

Methods
A cross-sectional and 3 case-control studies using bootstrap methods were conducted in order to explore the possible risk factors that lead to SARS-CoV2 transmission within HCWs. Case-control studies focused on risk factors associated with (a) care of COVID-19 patients, (b) care of non COVID-19 patients and (c) contacts between colleagues.

Participants
2,058 respondents, respectively 1,363 (66.2%) and 695 (33.8%) in medical and medico-social establishments, including HCW with and without contact with patients.

Results
301 participants (14.6%) reported having been infected by SARS-CoV2. When caring for COVID-19 patients, HCWs who declared wearing respirators, either for all patient care (ORa 0.39; 95% CI: 0.29–0.51) or only when exposed to aerosol-generating procedures (ORa 0.56; 95% CI: 0.43–0.70), had a lower risk of infection compared with HCWs who declared wearing mainly surgical masks. During care of non COVID-19 patients, wearing mainly a respirator was associated with a higher risk of infection (ORa 1.84; 95% CI: 1.06–3.37). An increased risk was also found for HCWs who changed uniform in workplace changing rooms (ORa 1.93; 95% CI: 1.63–2.29).

Conclusion
Correct use of PPE adapted to the situation and risk level is essential in protecting HCWs against infection.
Prognostic impact of prognostic nutritional index on renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of 7,629 patients
Authors: Peng Qingping , Liu Ling , Li Ting , Lei Changjiang , Wan Huan 
Published: March 2022

Background
Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a parameter which reflects nutritional and inflammatory status. The prognostic value of PNI in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains in debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value and clinicopathological features of PNI in RCC.

Methods
A literature search was performed in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted for meta-analysis. The association between PNI and overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological factors were evaluated.

Results
Eleven studies involving 7,629 patients were included for meta-analysis. A decreased PNI was shown to be a significant predictor of worse OS (HR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.64–2.42, p<0.001), CSS (HR = 2.54, 95%CI = 1.61–4.00, p<0.001), and DFS/PFS/RFS (HR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.82–2.46, p<0.001) in RCC. Furthermore, a low PNI was correlated with Fuhrman grade III-IV (OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.27–3.02, p = 0.002), T stage T3-T4 (OR = 2.21, 95%CI = 1.27–3.87, p = 0.005), presence of sarcomatoid differentiation (OR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.52–9.92, p<0.001), and presence of tumor necrosis (OR = 3.63, 95%CI = 2.54–5.19, p<0.001).

Conclusion
PNI is an independent prognostic indicator of survival and associated with Fuhrman grade, T stage, sarcomatoid differentiation, and tumor necrosis in patients with RCC.
Monitoring respiratory mechanics by oscillometry in COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support
Authors: Torregiani Chiara , Veneroni Chiara , Confalonieri Paola , Citton Gloria Maria , Salton Francesco , Jaber Mohamad , Confalonieri Marco , Dellaca’ Raffaele Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

Background
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been increasingly used in COVID-19 patients. The limited physiological monitoring and the unavailability of respiratory mechanic measures, usually obtainable during invasive ventilation, is a limitation of NIV for ARDS and COVID-19 patients management.

Objectives
This pilot study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of non-invasively monitoring respiratory mechanics by oscillometry in COVID-19 patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving NIV.

Method
15 COVID-19 patients affected by moderate-severe ARDS at the RICU (Respiratory Intensive Care Unit) of the University hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy were recruited. Patients underwent oscillometry tests during short periods of spontaneous breathing between NIV sessions.

Results
Oscillometry proved to be feasible, reproducible and well-tolerated by patients. At admission, 8 of the 15 patients showed oscillometry parameters within the normal range which further slightly improved before discharge. At discharge, four patients had still abnormal respiratory mechanics, not exclusively linked to pre-existing respiratory comorbidities. Lung mechanics parameters were not correlated with oxygenation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that lung mechanics provide complementary information for improving patients phenotyping and personalisation of treatments during NIV in COVID 19 patients, especially in the presence of respiratory comorbidities where deterioration of lung mechanics may be less coupled with changes in oxygenation and more difficult to identify. Oscillometry may provide a valuable tool for monitoring lung mechanics in COVID 19 patients receiving NIV.
Comparison of six methods for Loa loa genomic DNA extraction
Authors: Dieki Roland , Eyang-Assengone Elsa-Rush , Makouloutou-Nzassi Patrice , Bangueboussa Félicien , Nsi Emvo Edouard , Akue Jean Paul 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Good-quality and sufficient DNA is essential for diagnostics and vaccine development. We aimed to compare six DNA extraction techniques applied to Loa loa microfilariae in order to evaluate the purity and integrity of extracts in terms of quality and quantity.

Methods
The microfilariae were purified via a Percoll gradient procedure with blood from hyper-microfilaremic individuals (> 30,000 microfilaria [mf]/ml). DNA extraction was carried out in duplicate at a rate of 350,000 mf/tube for each technique: phenol/chloroform, commercial Qiagen kit, salting out, Tris-EDTA, methanol, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The integrity, purity, concentration, and quality of the DNA extracts were successively verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometry (A260/A280 and A260/A230 wavelength ratio), Qubit fluorometry, and endonuclease and polymerase activity. The six techniques were compared on the basis of the following parameters: concentration, purity, efficiency, effectiveness, integrity, safety of the technique, as well as cost and duration of the protocol.

Results
The ratios of the optical densities of the extracts A260/A280 and A260/A230 were, respectively: phenol/chloroform (1.82; 1.11), Qiagen (1.93; 1.36), salting-out (1.9; 2.04), Tris-EDTA (1.99; 1.183), methanol (2.126; 1.343), and CTAB (2.01; 2.426). The DNA yield was: phenol/chloroform (3.920 μg), Qiagen (10.280 μg), salting-out (10.390 μg), Tris-EDTA (0.5528 μg), methanol (0.1036 μg), and CTAB (1.115 μg). Endonuclease and polymerase activity was demonstrated by digestion of DNA and through amplicons obtained via polymerase chain reaction assays with phenol/chloroform, Qiagen, and salting-out extracts.

Conclusion
The phenol/chloroform, Qiagen, and salting-out DNA extracts were all of good quality. Salting out had the best yield followed by Qiagen and then phenol/chloroform. Endonuclease and polymerase activity was effective in all three extracts despite the presence of some contaminants. These methods are therefore suitable for the extraction of DNA from Loa loa microfilariae. Tris-EDTA and methanol did not show adequate sensitivity, while CTAB was found to be unsuitable.
Detection of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer using the new system of one-step nucleic acid amplification assay
Authors: Ose Naoko , Takeuchi Yukiyasu , Sakamaki Yasushi , Kadota Yoshihisa , Urasaki Koji , Tsuji Hiromi , Kawahara Kunimitsu , Noguchi Mayuko , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer greatly depends on the presence of lymph node metastasis, which limits the need for surgery and adjuvant therapy for advanced cancer. One-step nucleic acid amplification of cytokeratin19 (CK19) mRNA was used to detect lymph node metastasis. Automated Gene Amplification Detector RD-200 and the LYNOAMP CK19 gene amplification reagent as components of the new one-step nucleic acid amplification system, which has increased gene amplification efficiency by improving the reagent composition, have shorter preprocessing and measurement times than conventional systems. We aimed to compare the clinical performance of the new system with that of histopathology and the conventional system.

Materials and methods
199 lymph nodes from 58 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent lymph node dissection were examined intraoperatively using the new system, conventional system, and histopathology.

Results
Lymph node metastasis was diagnosed in 32, 42, and 44 patients using histopathological analysis, the new system, and the conventional system, respectively. Compared with histopathological analysis, the concordance rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the new system were 92.0%, 90.6%, 92.2%, 69.0%, and 98.1%, respectively, and compared with the conventional system, the values were 95.0%, 86.4%, 97.4%, 90.5%, and 96.2%, respectively.

Conclusion
The clinical performance of the new one-step nucleic acid amplification system in detecting lymph node metastasis of lung cancer is comparable to that of histopathology and the conventional system; its performance was sufficient for determining the appropriate clinical treatment. The new rapid system can be effectively utilized during lung cancer treatment intraoperatively and postoperatively.
Exploring the evolution of biochemical models at the network level
Authors: Gebhardt Tom , Touré Vasundra , Waltemath Dagmar , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Scharm Martin 
Published: March 2022

The evolution of biochemical models is difficult to track. At present, it is not possible to inspect the differences between model versions at the network level. Biochemical models are often constructed in a distributed, non-linear process: collaborators create model versions on different branches from novel information, model extensions, during curation and adaption. To discuss and align the versions, it is helpful to abstract the changes to the network level. The differences between two model versions can be detected by the software tool BiVeS. However, it cannot show the structural changes resulting from the differences. Here, we present a method to visualise the differences between model versions effectively. We developed a JSON schema to communicate the differences at the network level and extended BiVeS accordingly. Additionally, we developed DiVil, a web-based tool to represent the model and the differences as a standardised network using D3. It combines an automatic layout with an interactive user interface to improve the visualisation and to inspect the model. The network can be exported in standardised formats as images or markup language. Our method communicates the structural differences between model versions. It facilitates the discussion of changes and thus supports the collaborative and non-linear nature of model development.Availability and implementation:DiVil prototype:https://divil.bio.informatik.uni-rostock.de, Code on GitHub:https://github.com/Gebbi8/DiVil, licensed under Apache License 2.0.Contact:url="tom.gebhardt@uni-rostock.de.
Evaluation of ocular biometry in primary angle-closure disease with two swept source optical coherence tomography devices
Authors: Wanichwecharungruang Boonsong , Amornpetchsathaporn Anyarak , Wongwijitsook Wisakorn , Kongsomboon Kittipong , Chantra Somporn 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
To investigate agreement between 2 swept source OCT biometers, IOL Master700 and Anterion, in various ocular biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) calculations of primary angle-closure disease (PACD).

Setting
Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Design
Prospective comparative study.

Methods
This study conducted in a tertiary eye care center involving biometric measurements obtained with 2 devices in phakic eye with diagnosis of PACD. Mean difference and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with confidence limits were assessed, and calculations of estimated residual refraction of the IOL were analysed using Barrett’s formula.

Results
Sixty-nine eyes from 45 PACD patients were enrolled for the study. Excellent agreement of various parameters was revealed, with ICC (confidence limits) of K1 = 0.953 (0.861–0.979), K2 = 0.950 (0.778–0.98), ACD = 0.932 (0.529–0.978), WTW = 0.775 (0.477–0.888), and LT = 0.947 (0.905–0.97). Mean difference of axial length (AL) was -0.01 ± 0.02 mm with ICC of 1.000. IOL calculation was assessed with Barrett’s formula, and Bland-Altman plot showed excellent agreement in the results of the 2 devices for the IOL power and estimated post-operative residual refraction (EPR).

Conclusions
Mean differences of biometric parameters, obtained with IOL Master700 and Anterion, were small, and ICC showed excellent concordance. No clinical relevance in calculation of IOL power was found, and the two devices appeared to be comparably effective in clinical practice.
Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histopathology Features of Esophageal Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Agarwal Siddharth , Yarlagadda Manoj K. , Archila Luisa Ricaurte , Hagen Catherine E. , Katzka David A. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
To describe the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathology features of esophageal graft-vs-host disease (GVHD).

Methods:
Patients with biopsy-proven esophageal GVHD diagnosed at Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2021 were included.

Results:
In 43 esophageal patients, other organ GVHD was present in 58% before and 86% at esophageal GVHD diagnosis. Esophageal specific symptoms were uncommon (dysphagia 26% and odynophagia/heartburn 5%). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was abnormal in 72% patients demonstrating erosive esophagitis, ulceration, desquamation, or rings/furrows in a diffuse or focal pattern.

DISCUSSION:
There should be a low threshold for esophageal biopsies for GVHD because esophageal symptoms and endoscopic findings may be nonspecific or absent.
In vitro evolution of myc-tag antibodies: in-depth specificity and affinity analysis of Myc1-9E10 and Hyper-Myc
Authors: Russo Giulio , Unkauf Tobias , Meier Doris , Wenzel Esther Veronika , Langreder Nora , Schneider Kai-Thomas , Wiesner Rebecca , Bischoff Ralf , Stadler Volker , Dübel Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the most widely used epitope tags is the myc-tag, recognized by the anti-c-Myc hybridoma antibody Myc1-9E10. Combining error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling and phage display, we generated an anti-c-Myc antibody variant (Hyper-Myc) with monovalent affinity improved to 18 nM and thermal stability increased by 37%. Quantification of capillary immunoblots and by flow cytometry demonstrated improved antigen detection by Hyper-Myc. Further, three different species variants of this antibody were generated to allow the use of either anti-human, anti-mouse or anti-rabbit Fc secondary antibodies for detection. We characterized the specificity of both antibodies in depth: individual amino acid exchange mapping demonstrated that the recognized epitope was not changed by the in vitro evolution process. A laser printed array of 29,127 different epitopes representing all human linear B-cell epitopes of the Immune Epitope Database allowing to chart unwanted reactivities with mimotopes showed these to be very low for both antibodies and not increased for Hyper-Myc despite its improved affinity. The very low background reactivity of Hyper-Myc was confirmed by staining of myc-tag transgenic zebrafish whole mounts. Hyper-Myc retains the very high specificity of Myc1-9E10 while allowing myc-tag detection at lower concentrations and with either anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti human secondary antibodies.
An enhanced implementation of SRF and DDSRF-PLL for three-phase converters in weak grid
Authors: Hussein Arkan A. , Ahmed Abdulbasit H. , Mohammed Natheer M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Renewable energy generation systems connected to utility grid require perfect synchronization to grid which is one of the most important issues that needs to be taken into consideration. This paper proposed a hardware-accelerated implementation for the decoupled double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (DDSFR-PLL) for grid synchronization in grid-connected converters in weak grid that suffers from phase voltage-unbalance, variable phase and frequency conditions. Since the transformations and filtering of this method is computationally intensive and needs to be executed as fast as possible by the microcontroller unit (MCU) and Due to the presence of other current and voltage regulation loops in the same interrupt service routine (ISR) with high frequency rate, a hardware-based acceleration using the STM32G4x4 MCU built-in filter, filter math accelerator (FMAC) and coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) is used to speed the execution time. This study addresses the description, derivation and implementation of the both DQ-PLL and DDSRF-PLL algorithms. The performance of both pure-software and accelerated implementation is demonstrated, compared and run on a three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter board. In proposed method, CPU load dropped from 80.5% by using the conventional software implementation to 23.6% (70% load reduction).This reduction in CPU load enables the addition of more features and more advanced current and voltage control algorithms.