bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amendment of the General Administrative Regulation under Paragraph 47 of the Radiological Protection Ordinance
Authors: Steiner M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The General Administrative Regulation under Paragraph 47 of the amended Radiological Protection Ordinance was revised according to the requirements of the Council Directive 96/29/ Euratom and the amendment of the Radiological Protection Ordinance. Its basic structure and the degree of conservatism with regard to dose assessment for members of the public were maintained. According to the requirements of the Council Directive, reference subjects of six different age groups have to be considered, instead of only two as hitherto. Age-dependent living habits (consumption and ventilation rates') were established, including the exposure pathway “human milk”. Suitable dose and dose rate coefficients were compiled and recalculated if necessary. The potential consequences of the amendment of the General Administrative Regulation were demonstrated by the results of comparative dose calculations.
Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in exhaust air
Authors: Wildermuth H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Within the scope of the amendment of the Radiation Protection Ordinance, it became necessary to lay down new limit values, as a result of both the modifications made in the stipulations of the EU directives, and improvements in the level of scientific and technological advancement. This led, at the same time, to the necessity of recalculating the permitted levels for activity concentrations in exhaust air from applications involving isotopes (mostly from medical installations). The following article provides an overview of the approach applied in the recalculation of the permitted activity concentration levels in exhaust air for around 800 radionuclides, along with a comparison of the limit values which have been applied up until the present.
A method for the calculation of annual limits on intake
Authors: Noßke D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The German Radiation Protection Ordinance issued in 1989 – as well as ICRP Publication 30 – included tables of annual limits on intake (ALIs). These are secondary limits derived to indicate those intake values which are not allowed to be exceeded within a year to meet the primary annual dose limits. The latest ICRP Publications dealing with doses for workers give no ALIs any more and also the IAEA Basic Safety Standards and the Council Directive of the European Commission do not list such values. And also the new Radiation Protection Ordinance as well as the federal gazette with dose coefficients do not include such values any more. However, it may be that they will be included as guiding levels in the calculation principles for the assessment of internal doses. This paper will give reasons why there are no ALIs given any more, it will show how ALIs could be calculated, it will show the influence of additional dose restrictions for female workers of child-bearing age, and it will discuss if radiation protection for the unborn child would be fulfilled if the dose limits of the radiation protection ordinance are met.
Some issues with the International Basic Safety Standards – A time for reflection
Authors: Wrixon A. D. , Bilbao-Alfonso A. , Ortiz-López P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency has statutory functions for the development of radiation safety standards. Its basic safety standards have, for many years, been based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, taking account of the information on the biological effects of radiation exposure provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The latest version – the International Basic Safety Standards – was published in its final form in 1996, and, since then the Agency has been assisting with their implementation in a large number of States. The experience gained, combined with a more general reflection on these Standards, has led to the identification of a number of issues that will need to be considered in any future revision. A number of these issues arise largely through an insufficient recognition of the problems associated with turning the principles of protection into regulatory style requirements, which, out of necessity, need to be legally precise, but at the same time, enforceable. Some of these issues are discussed here.
Fundamental ICRP recommendations at the start of the 21st century: Status of the revision of ICRP Publication 60
Authors: Valentin J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The basic recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP, are either re-stated or revised at intervals of about 15 years, most recently in ICRP Publication 60, adopted in 1990. ICRP plans to issue its next recommendations around 2005. Through extensive consultation, the active participation of the radiological protection community was recruited already at the conceptual stage. Based on the vast input received, ICRP is currently preparing draft recommendations. These are likely to emphasise egalitarian values more than utilitarian ones, to be holistic rather than anthropocentric, and to be formatted as a relatively concise set of actual recommendations underpinned by separate publications with more detail. The draft will again be circulated world-wide and comments will be discussed in 2004 with a view to approval of the recommendations in 2005 and publication in 2005 or 2006. Thus, integration into legislation would be possible sometime between 2006 and 2010, say.
A process-oriented simulation model for common cause failures
Authors: Berg H.-P. , Görtz R. , Schimetschka E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A process-oriented simulation model (POS-model) for common cause failures (CCF) is presented. This model consists of the following sequence of stochastic variables: time of CCF impact, number of components in the group affected by the impact, times of failure of the impacted components, time of detection of the CCF-process. As compared to the considerable number of modeling approaches that directly yield expressions for the probability of the number of failed components the POS-model seems more complicated but – thanks to a variety of interesting properties – might be useful as a complementary analytical tool. The results of a couple of applications to available field data are presented. In these exploratory examples, the adaptability of the POS-model is demonstrated and results are compared with various other modeling approaches. Finally, further planned development steps for the POS-model are addressed, primarily the optimization of parameter estimation.
Behaviour of electrical cables under fire conditions
Authors: Bertrand R. , Chaussard M. , Gonzalez R. , Lacoue J. , Mattei J. M. , Such J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment – called the Fire PSA – is being carried out by the French Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) to be used in the framework of the safety assessment of operating 900 MWe PWRs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the core damage conditional probability which could result from a fire. A fire can induce unavailability of safety equipment, notably damaging electrical cables introducing a significant risk contributor. The purpose of this paper is to present the electrical cable fire tests carried out by IRSN to identify the failure modes and to determine the cable damage criteria. The impact of each kind of cable failure mode and the methodology used to estimate the conditional probability of a failure mode when cable damage occurred is also discussed.
Experimental and analytical investigation of the ITU TRIGA Mark-II reactor core
Authors: Büke T. , Yavuz H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Experimental and analytical studies have been performed to determine the temperature distribution as a function of reactor power in the TRIGA Mark-II reactor at the Istanbul Technical University (ITU). The lumped parameter model with four governing equations was used in the analytical model. Based on the mathematical model, a computer code has been developed for calculating fuel and coolant temperatures in the reactor core. The calculated results for fuel and coolant temperature in the reactor core for different reactor power levels have been compared with the experimental data. Agreements between experiment and results from the computer code are fairly good.
Experimental studies on condensation of steam mixed with noncondensable gas inside the vertical tube in a pool filled with subcooled water
Authors: Maheshwari N. K. , Saha D. , Sinha R. K. , Aritomi M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

A passive containment cooling system with immersed condensers has been proposed as one of the alternatives for the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) being designed in India. The system removes residual/decay heat released into the containment through the immersed condensers kept in a pool of water following loss of coolant accident. An important aspect of the immersed condensers is the potential degradation of its performance due to the presence of noncondensable gases. Experiments are performed to obtain reliable data on condensation phenomena in presence of air. These experiments are conducted on full-scale tubes of condensers immersed in a pool of water maintaining similar conditions as in the prototype of AHWR. A method has been proposed for the determination of the local heat transfer rate using correlations given in literature. The parametric effects of air mass fraction, pressure, steam flow, etc. on condensation heat transfer in presence of noncondensable gas have been studied. The experimental results are compared with the correlations given in literature.
Experimental study on natural convection in the vertical enclosure of a double coaxial cylinder
Authors: Zhang Y. , Takeda T. , Inaba Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents results of an experimental study on natural convection in the vertical enclosure of a double coaxial cylinder where the inner wall is at constant heat flux. It is the objective of this experiment to understand the basic characteristics of heat transfer under the condition of natural convection coupled with thermal radiation in a vertical enclosure. The range of Rayleigh numbers based on the width of the double coaxial cylinder is set to be 5.6 × 105< Ra < 1.04 × 108, the radius ratio is 2.73, the aspect ratio is 3.43 (cylinder length divided by annular gap). The heat transfer coefficient of natural convection coupled with thermal radiation was obtained as function of the Rayleigh number, aspect ratio of the enclosure, and temperature of the hot and cold surfaces. The experimental results show that thermal radiation can’t be neglected in analyzing heat transfer of vertical annulus with natural convection. The results provide the basic data for the design and the performance assessment of the future passive cooling system used in a high-temperature engineering test reactor.
A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
Authors: Li Fang , Liang Ying , Luo Mingyan , Cheng Yufen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uterine inversion is a rare disease that is particularly uncommon among non-puerperal women. Herein we reported the only case of uterine inversion known to us that was caused by the endometrial thickening and changes in the polypoid lesion in early puberty. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of massive vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a protruding mass from the vagina. We obtained the patient history by collecting the results of various examinations (including magnetic resonance imaging and color Doppler ultrasound), accurate diagnosis was performed, and a reasonable treatment protocol was developed. She was subjected to laparoscopic uterine-sparing surgery to preserve her fertility. Uterine inversion is a rare disease, and early diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment options are essential for patients with fertility requirements.
Polarization-dependent photonic crystal fiber optical filters enabled by asymmetric metasurfaces
Authors: Ghimire Indra , Yang Jingyi , Gurung Sudip , Mishra Satyendra K. , Lee Ho Wai Howard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate in-fiber polarization-dependent optical filter by nanopatterning an asymmetric metallic metasurface array on the end-facet of polarization-maintaining photonic-crystal fibers. The asymmetric cross-typed nanoslit metasurface arrays are fabricated on the core of the optical fiber using the focused ion beam milling technique. Highly polarization- and wavelength-dependent transmission with transmission efficiency of ∼70% in the telecommunication wavelength was observed by launching two orthogonal linear-polarization states of light into the fiber. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. These advanced meta-structured optical fibers can potentially be used as novel ultracompact in-fiber filters, splitters, and polarization converters.
Suicides among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Bangladeshi press reports
Authors: Jannath Sanjida , Sohan Md. , Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic responses forced the authority to shut the educational institutions since March 17, 2020, in Bangladesh. Physical distancing, social isolation, and quarantine have become regular norms in our daily life due to the pandemic crisis. This extended shutdown separated the students from their academic life, increasing anxiety concerning their future education, personal and professional aspirations, and expectations. Such disruptions might increase vulnerability towards suicidal ideation among university-level students. Therefore, here we aim to assess the prevalence and related risk factors of suicides among university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 lockdowns. We conducted a comprehensive Google search to gather information from secondary sources. In total, 22 university students committed suicide from March 17, 2020, to June 10, 2021, in Bangladesh. The frequently reported causes of these suicides were depression, frustration, financial crisis, troubled love affairs, and family disputes, indicating an elevated prevalence of psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic among students at all levels in Bangladesh. Based on the present findings, we suggest that the effective implementation of online education, financial support to families, mental healthcare support to this vulnerable group, and mutual understanding among the family members might reduce this death toll. The present findings might help researchers to understand students’ mental health and design programs accordingly to prevent future incidents.
“Shuoshihua, …”: Chinese celebrities’ metapragmatic management of rapport and impression in an interview setting
Authors: Chen Xinren , Jin Yingzhe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate Chinese celebrities’ metapragmatic management of rapport and impression, as indicated by their use of honesty markers such asshuoshihua(literally, ‘to tell the truth’) in their candid utterances in an interview setting. Based on naturally occurring data, it is found that Chinese celebrities tend to use honesty markers across various interactional contexts when they perform a number of situationally unexpected relational acts such as disclosing a bias, disagreeing with co-participants, complimenting another celebrity, conveying gratitude to one’s critic, and self-praising. As these acts of the celebrities’ risk threatening the rapport they have with others involved in or outside of the interaction, and triggering some negative impressions of themselves, this article suggests that their use of the honesty markers might reflect their metapragmatic awareness of the risks involved and hence their efforts to manage rapport and impression, by placing significant emphasis on their sincerity.
A novel CPE procedure by oil-in-water microemulsion for preconcentrating and analyzing thorium and uranium
Authors: Jia Lipei , Li Zejun , Shi Weiqun , Shen Xinghai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed to preenrich Th4+ and UO2
2+ by oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion. Coupling CPE to ICP-MS, the separation and analysis were achieved at a trace level, in which the low detection limits were 0.019 and 0.042 ng mL−1 for Th(IV) and U(VI), respectively. N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-ditolyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Et-Tol-DAPhen), as an extremely hydrophobic extractant, was failed to dissolve in single or mixed micelles, but was successfully solubilized to CPE system owing to O/W microemulsion. The extraction efficiency and selectivity for Th4+ and UO2
2+ were excellent under acidic condition of 1.0 mol L−1 HNO3, and the recovery of ultra-trace Th4+ and UO2
2+ was almost 100% even at the presence of large amounts of lanthanides, exhibiting high tolerance limits for lanthanides. The solubilization, extraction and coordination behaviours were studied systematically via DLS, UV–vis, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Moreover, the solubilization of N,N′-dioctyl-N,N′-dioctyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Oct-Oct-DAPhen) and efficient extraction for UO2
2+ were also realized by O/W microemulsion, which further proved the feasibility of the method.
Development and performance evaluation of a novel environmentally friendly adsorbent for waste water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Guo Yong , Nie Minghu , Wang Yingjie , Zhong Zhen , Liu Yunfeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adsorbent is an important waste water-based drilling fluid treatment agent, which can adsorb and settle heavy metal ions, high polymer organics, and other soluble harmful substances in the waste drilling fluid. Traditional adsorbents such as polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide will produce other metal ions or toxic monomers after hydrolysis, which cannot fully meet the requirements of safety and environmental protection. Therefore, a new environmentally friendly waste water-based drilling fluid adsorbent, named RH-β-CD, was prepared by the Wilson etherification reaction, which was initiated by epichlorohydrin and ceric ammonium nitrate, and successfully grafted rhamnolipid and amine strong adsorption groups onto β-cyclodextrin. The adsorption effect and environmental protection performance of RH-β-CD on the organic matter and chromium ion in waste sulfonated water-based drilling fluid were evaluated and compared with commonly used adsorbents such as activated carbon, PAM, and polyaluminum chloride. The results show that RH-β-CD can effectively adsorb the organic matter in the filtrate of waste water-based drilling fluids, reduce its chemical oxygen consumption, and reduce the concentration of heavy metal ions in the filtrate. The effect is better than PAM, activated carbon, and polyaluminum chloride, with the BOD5/CODcr >20% and EC50 >1,000,000 mg·L−1, which is environmentally friendly.
The correlation between bone biomarkers, glucosylsphingosine levels, and molecular findings in Gaucher type 1 patients under enzyme therapy
Authors: Ersoy Melike , Yegül Duygu , Pişkinpaşa Hamide , Gedikbasi Asuman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to determine the relationship of Lyso-Gb1 levels, bone biomarkers, and mutation findings with bone marrow burden (BMB) scores.

Methods
Lyso-Gb1 and bone biomarkers, and BMB scores of 10 Gaucher type 1 (GD1) patients under enzyme therapy were prospectively evaluated.

Results
Ten GD1 patients, aged between 4.5 and 40 (mean 23 ± 11 years), were included in the study. Four patients were homozygous for L444P/L444P, and six patients were compound heterozygous for N370S/R415H. We found positive correlations between pain and BMB scores with Lyso-Gb1 levels (r=0.889, p=0.001 and r=0.701, p=0.035, respectively). There were negative correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) of both the lumbar spine and femoral neck between Lyso-Gb1 levels (r=−0.929, p=0.001 and r=−0.893, p=0.007, respectively). Patients with L444P/L444P mutation had higher Lyso-Gb1 levels and BMB, pain scores and lower BMD measurements than patients with N370S/R415H (p=0.01, p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.04, p=0.04, respectively).

Conclusions
There was an apparent correlation between, Lyso-Gb1 levels, BMB scores and genotype in evaluating bone involvement in Gaucher patients.
Qualitative analysis of an eco-epidemiological model with a role of prey and predator harvesting
Authors: Pal Amit K. , Bhattacharyya Anindita , Mondal Ashok , Pal Srishti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study deals with the dynamical response of an eco-epidemiological model consisting of prey and predator species having infection in prey population. The inclusion of prey refugia is taken into account to avoid predator attack. The entire prey population is divided into two parts: healthy prey which are capable of reproducing following the logistic law and infected prey which is removed by predation or death before having the possibility of reproducing. Also we have considered the role of harvesting of the susceptible prey and the predator. For biological validity of the model, positivity and boundedness of the system are studied. The dynamical behaviour of the model has been analyzed elaborately. The stability aspects of the basic model around the infection free state, predator free state and the infected steady state from a local as well as a global perspective are studied. The main aim is to study the role of harvesting on the dynamics of disease propagation and/or eradication. By considering harvesting in susceptible prey and predator population, our study gives a new direction to eco-epidemiological model. Changes in local and global dynamical behaviour in terms of important system parameters are obtained. By the numerical simulation Hopf-bifurcation and the stable and unstable behaviour of the system due to harvesting and rate of infection have been observed.
Kartellierte internationale Märkte und innovative Produkte
Authors: Avci Meral , Henrich-Franke Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Bayer AG was cut off from the quinine world trade by the quinine cartel, existing mainly of Great Britain, France and Netherlands, during the Great War. Being unable to purchase ingredients to produce malaria drug Bayer decided to develop synthetic active ingredients to treat malaria patients. This was an innovative approach to the malaria problem by Bayer’s research department accompanied with an organizational change. This paper analyzes the international cooperation of the Bayer tropical medicine department in the 1920s and 1930s with regard to the development of test fields and sales markets for the synthetic antimalarial agents. How and why did the tropical medicine research department develop into a significant international player with innovative products? How did the tension between international research cooperation and commercial exploitation change? What role did the particular political circumstances and their change play in the transformation of cooperation and the development of markets? By answering these questions, this paper demonstrates that Bayer quite successfully pursued an innovation-based strategy of market development, which aimed at convincing the international scientific community and generating international prestige. Nevertheless, the Italian demand and the specific interests of Italian malaria research – low cost domestic supply of antimalarial drugs, colonial expansionism, and international influence – were crucial door openers for the breakthrough on the international market.