bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of 14-3-3 Zeta Gene in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Its Roles in Response to Bacterial Infection
Authors: Jiao Zhenlong , Yang Yujin , Xiu Jiangfan , Shang Xiaoli , Peng Jian , Guo Guo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The 14-3-3 gene plays important role in many biological processes, including cell survival, apoptosis, and signal transduction. However, function of the 14-3-3 homologous gene in Musca domestica remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized the 14-3-3ζ of M. domestica. We found that Md14-3-3ζ gene was highly homologous with other close insects. The qRT–PCR analysis revealed that the Md14-3-3ζ was highly expressed in adults, and was expressed predominantly in hemocytes and fat body. Meanwhile, the expression of Md14-3-3ζ was up-regulated after injecting Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the recombinant protein rMd14-3-3ζ strongly inhibits the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Notably, the rMd14-3-3ζ inhibits E. coli and S. aureus by permeating the cell membrane. Taken together, our findings suggested that Md14-3-3ζ is involved in the immune response against bacteria through damaging the cell membrane.
Speeding implementation in cancer: The National Cancer Institute’s Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control
Authors: Oh April Y , Emmons Karen M , Brownson Ross C , Glasgow Russell E , Foley Kristie L , Lewis Cara C , Schnoll Robert , Huguet Nathalie , Caplon Amy , Chambers David A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The National Cancer Institute’s Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) Network represents a large-scale initiative to create an infrastructure to support and enable the efficient, effective, and equitable translation of approaches and evidence-based treatments to reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes. This Cancer MoonshotSM–funded ISC3 Network consists of 7 P50 Centers that support and advance the rapid development, testing, and refinement of innovative approaches to implement a range of evidence-based cancer control interventions. The Centers were designed to have research-practice partnerships at their core and to create the opportunity for a series of pilot studies that could explore new and sometimes risky ideas and embed in their infrastructure a 2-way engagement and collaboration essential to stimulating lasting change. ISC3 also seeks to enhance capacity of researchers, practitioners, and communities to apply implementation science approaches, methods, and measures. The Organizing Framework that guides the work of ISC3 highlights a collective set of 3 core areas of collaboration within and among Centers, including to 1) assess and incorporate dynamic, multilevel context; 2) develop and conduct rapid and responsive pilot and methods studies; and 3) build capacity for knowledge development and exchange. Core operating principles that undergird the Framework include open collaboration, consideration of the dynamic context, and engagement of multiple implementation partners to advance pragmatic methods and health equity and facilitate leadership and capacity building across implementation science and cancer control.
Slow Rolls, Shoulder-Taps, and Coups: Building a Research Program in Military Dissent Across Regime Types
Authors: Brooks Risa , Pion-Berlin David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article advances a research program in military dissent, contributing to growing scholarly interest in the subject. It first outlines a variety of “tactics of dissent,” discriminating among them according to the pathway through which they shape political leaders’ decisions and the related audiences and objectives of the method. These sets of tactics are domestic politics, bureaucratic, coercive, and organizational. The article illustrates these tactics with examples from across advanced democracies, developing democracies and autocracies, and with lengthier treatments of Brazil, Egypt, and the U.S. In so doing, the article helps bridge subfield divides in the study of civil-military relations, arguing that neglecting these tactics truncates variation in the character and intensity of dissent within and across regime types. In addition, it outlines several questions to guide future research, including efforts to better understand the metrics and drivers of dissent, the efficacy of these tactics in undermining civilian initiatives and their larger consequences for democracy and civil-military relations.
Great Power Competition and China's Security Assistance to Africa: Arms, Training, and Influence
Authors: Carrozza Ilaria , Marsh Nicholas J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article presents the first comprehensive collation of available information on China's provision of security force assistance (SFA) to African countries over the last two decades. While China is engaged in donating arms, military equipment, and training abroad, knowledge of the nature of its SFA programmes has been at best fragmented and partial. In this article, we fill this gap by outlining China's stated rationale for providing SFA, the level of funding, which states received it, and what they received. We contextualize our analysis in light of current debates over China's rise and great power competition, as well as its broader engagement in African security. Based on our original data, we argue that in providing SFA to most African states, China aims to strengthen long-term relations and protect its economic interests. While we find no evidence that China is attempting to supplant the US and other providers’ role in Africa, we point to some unintended consequences.
Testing and Scaling Interventions to Improve the Tuberculosis Infection Care Cascade
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey I , Menzies Dick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is increasingly recognized as the key to eliminating tuberculosis globally and is particularly critical for children with TB infection or who are in close contact with individuals with infectious TB. But many barriers currently impede successful scale-up to provide TPT to those at high risk of TB disease. The cascade of care in TB infection (and the related contact management cascade) is a conceptual framework to evaluate and improve the care of persons who are potential candidates for TPT. This review summarizes recent literature on barriers and solutions in the TB infection care cascade, focusing on children in both high- and low-burden settings, and drawing from studies on children and adults. Identifying and closing gaps in the care cascade will require the implementation of tools that are new (e.g. computer-assisted radiography) and old (e.g. efficient contact tracing), and will be aided by innovative implementation study designs, quality improvement methods, and shared clinical practice with primary care providers.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Infectious Disease Telehealth Practices in North America
Authors: Kalyoussef Sabah , Hakim Amin , Kumar Ambuj , Fanella Sergio , Mohandas Sindhu , Gaviria-Agudelo Claudia ,   PIDS Telehealth Work Group, Ang Jocelyn , Arun Aparna , K. Bryant Kristina , Fanella Sergio , Gaviria-Agudelo Claudia , Hakim Amin , Fox Thomas , Green Julianne , Holzmann-Pazgal Galit , Hood Pishchany Marguerite , Hymes Saul , James Scott , Johnson Candace , Kalyoussef Sabah , Cantey Joseph , Doby Knackstedt Beth , P. Kronman Matthew , Mhaissen Mohammad , Mohandas Sindhu , Olson Daniel , Rodriguez Carina , E. Russo Michael , Sabella Camille , K. Sanderson Susan , Shehab Kareem , Simonsen Kari , (Bud) Wiedermann Bernhard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has driven a significant increase in the use of telehealth (TH) but little is published about changes in TH usage by pediatric infectious disease (PID) providers. We assessed their pre- and intra-pandemic TH usage and experience.

Methods
The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Telehealth Work Group surveyed PID specialists in the United States and Canada from 6 December 2020 until 26 February 2021. Data collected included TH modalities, barriers, and satisfaction.

Results
The survey response rate was 11.3% (288 of 2,550 PID clinicians) with 243 (96% of 253 analysis-eligible responses) managing children only. Women accounted for 62.1% (n = 157), 51.4% (130) of respondents devoted 50–99% of their time to direct patient care, and 93.3% (236) were located in the United States. The greatest increase in TH usage during the pandemic was in synchronous provider–patient communications (3.9-fold increase). During the pandemic, provider–provider TH increased by less than 10%, comfort with TH usage doubled from 42% to 91%, and satisfaction grew from 74% to 93.3% with different aspects of TH. The top challenge was incomplete or no physical examination (182, 71.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that pre-pandemic TH usage and lack of barriers, but not reimbursement, were significantly associated with higher intra-pandemic usage. EMR-integrated TH was associated with significantly higher usage and satisfaction. Over 70% of respondents anticipate continuing TH usage after the pandemic.

Conclusions
There was high intra-pandemic usage of, and increased comfort and satisfaction with telehealth by PID specialists. Our data help inform post-pandemic TH expectations and strategies.
Foreigner, migrant, or refugee? How laypeople label those who cross borders
Authors: Božič Ivana Rapoš , Klvaňová Radka , Jaworsky Bernadette Nadya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we seek to exercise reflexivity in migration research by looking at the symbolic boundary work that sustains laypeople’s understanding and use of specific labels. We do so through a qualitative, cultural sociological investigation of migration attitudes in Czechia. We explore the labels foreigner, migrant, and refugee, commonly used labels in Czech migration discourse. In short, we argue that research participants rely on different grounds for boundary work, informed by available cultural repertoires, when characterizing foreigners, migrants, and refugees. While boundary work related to the label foreigner calls upon criteria of citizenship and perceived cultural closeness, the boundary work concerning the other two labels—migrant and refugee—involves the moral criteria of deservingness. Our study addresses three major shortcomings in migration studies. First, the opinions of laypeople influence public policies and approaches to migration, yet in-depth qualitative studies of migration attitudes are scarce. Second, even though migration attitudes shape the character of the receiving context for people who cross borders, how laypeople engage with labels remains understudied. Finally, we heed the call for a ‘reflexive turn’ in migration studies, arguing that researchers must remain reflexive, not only about labels they use, but also how such labels are understood and used by research participants.
A Systematic Review of Tranexamic Acid-Associated Venous Thromboembolic Events in Combat Casualties and Considerations for Prolonged Field Care
Authors: Russo Rachel M , Lozano Rafael , Ruf Ashly C , Ho Jessie W , Strayve Daniel , Zakaluzny Scott A , Keeney-Bonthrone Toby P 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a standard component of Tactical Combat Casualty Care. Recent retrospective studies have shown that TXA use is associated with a higher rate of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in combat-injured patients. We aim to determine if selective administration should be considered in the prolonged field care environment.

Materials and Methods
We performed a systematic review using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Clinical trials and observational studies of combat casualties published between January 1, 1960, and June 20, 2022, were included. We analyzed survival and VTE outcomes in TXA recipients and non-recipients. We discussed the findings of each paper in the context of current and future combat environments.

Results
Six articles met criteria for inclusion. Only one study was powered to report mortality data, and it demonstrated a 7-fold increase in survival in severely injured TXA recipients. All studies reported an increased risk of VTE in TXA recipients, which exceeded rates in civilian literature. However, five of the six studies used overlapping data from the same registry and were limited by a high rate of missingness in pertinent variables. No VTE-related deaths were identified.

Conclusions
There may be an increased risk of VTE in combat casualties that receive TXA; however, this risk must be considered in the context of improved survival and an absence of VTE-associated deaths. To optimize combat casualty care during prolonged field care, it will be essential to ensure the timely administration of VTE chemoprophylaxis as soon as the risk of significant hemorrhage permits.
Far ultra-violet insights into NGC 1399’s globular cluster population
Authors: Dage Kristen C , Sun Yifan , Kundu Arunav , Zepf Stephen E , Haggard Daryl 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate archival Hubble Space Telescope ACS/SBC F140LP observations of NGC 1399 to search for evidence of multiple stellar populations in extragalactic globular clusters. Enhanced far-ultraviolet (FUV) populations are thought to be indicators of He-enhanced second generation populations in globular clusters, specifically extreme/blue horizontal branch stars. Out of 149 globular clusters in the field of view, 58 have FUV counterparts with magnitudes brighter than 28.5. Six of these FUV-detected globular clusters are also detected in X-rays, including one ultraluminous X-ray source (LX &gt; 1039 erg/s). While optically bright clusters corresponded to brighter FUV counterparts, we observe FUV emission from both metal-rich and metal-poor clusters, which implies that the FUV excess is not dependent on optical colour. We also find no evidence that the cluster size influences the FUV emission. The clusters with X-ray emission are not unusually FUV bright, which suggests that even the ultraluminous X-ray source does not provide significant FUV contributions. NGC 1399 is only the fourth galaxy to have its globular cluster system probed for evidence of FUV-enhanced populations, and we compare these clusters to previous studies of the Milky Way, M31, M87, and the brightest cluster in M81. These sources indicate that many globular clusters likely host extreme HB stars and/or second generation stars, and highlight the need for more complete FUV observations of extragalactic globular cluster systems.
From starburst to quenching: merger-driven evolution of the star formation regimes in a shell galaxy
Authors: Petersson Jonathan , Renaud Florent , Agertz Oscar , Dekel Avishai , Duc Pierre-Alain 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Shell galaxies make a class of tidally distorted galaxies, characterized by wide concentric arc(s), extending out to large galactocentric distances with sharp outer edges. Recent observations of young massive star clusters in the prominent outer shell of NGC 474 suggest that such systems host extreme conditions of star formation. In this paper, we present a hydrodynamic simulation of a galaxy merger and its transformation into a shell galaxy. We analyse how the star formation activity evolves with time, location-wise within the system, and what are the physical conditions for star formation. During the interaction, an excess of dense gas appears, triggering a starburst, i.e. an enhanced star formation rate and a reduced depletion time. Star formation coincides with regions of high-molecular gas fraction, such as the galactic nucleus, spiral arms, and occasionally the tidal debris during the early stages of the merger. Tidal interactions scatter stars into a stellar spheroid, while the gas cools down and reforms a disc. The morphological transformation after coalescence stabilizes the gas and thus quenches star formation, without the need for feedback from an active galactic nucleus. This evolution shows similarities with a compaction scenario for compact quenched spheroids at high-redshift, yet without a long red nugget phase. Shells appear after coalescence, during the quenched phase, implying that they do not host the conditions necessary for in situ star formation. The results suggest that shell-forming mergers might be part of the process of turning blue late-type galaxies into red and dead early-types.
Cumulative Incidence and Relative Risk of Infection in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Treated With Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody-Based Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vassilopoulos Stephanos , Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Kalligeros Markos , Shehadeh Fadi , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with multiple myeloma are at higher risk for infections due to disease pathogenesis and administered therapies. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk for any grade and severe infections associated with the use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in patients with multiple myeloma.

Methods
We searched PubMed and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included patients with multiple myeloma who received CD38-targeting monoclonal antibody regimens and reported outcomes of infection and performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the relative risk for infections.

Results
After screening 673 citations, we retrieved 17 studies providing data on 11 RCTs. Overall, the included reports evaluated 5316 patients (2797 in the intervention arm and 2519 in the control arm). The relative risk (RR) for both any grade or severe infections was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.17–1.37 and 1.14–1.41, respectively). The cumulative incidence of any grade infections for patients who received anti-CD38 agents was 77% (95% CI, 68%–86%), while for severe infections it was 28% (95% CI, 23%–34%). Patients treated with anti-CD38 agents had a 39% higher risk for any grade pneumonia (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12–1.72) and a 38% higher risk for severe pneumonia (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09–1.75). For upper respiratory tract infections, the relative risk was 1.51 and 1.71 for any grade and severe infections, respectively. Regarding varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, we found no evidence of increased risk (RR, 3.86; 95% CI, 0.66–22.50).

Conclusions
Patients with multiple myeloma treated with regimens that included an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody were at higher risk for any grade or severe infections without an associated higher mortality rate during the follow-up period of the retrieved studies. No evidence of increased risk for VZV reactivation was noted, but there was a significant association between CD38-targeting treatment and pneumonia risk. Increased surveillance for infections, development of effective prophylactic strategies, and studies with long follow-up are needed for patients with multiple myeloma treated with anti-CD38-based regimens.
Tuberculosis Disease Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: Alameda County, California, 2016–2019
Authors: Wu Iris L , Chen Jennie , Shiau Rita , Chitnis Amit S , Jaganath Devan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Older adults aged ≥65 years old represent an increasing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States, but limited evidence exists on the characteristics and treatment outcomes that differentiate them from younger adults.

Methods
We evaluated Alameda County TB surveillance data from 2016 to 2019 and abstracted public health charts for older adult TB cases. Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes were compared in older and younger adults (15–64 years), and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess risk factors for TB treatment noncompletion among older adults.

Results
Of 517 TB cases, 172 (33.2%) were older adults and 101 were ≥75 years old. Compared to younger adults, older TB cases were more likely to be non-US-born, and have diabetes. For diagnosis, older adults were more likely to have negative interferon-gamma release assays (24.6% vs 16.0%; P = .01) and were less likely to have cavitary disease (18.6% vs 26.7%; P &lt; .001). One third of older adults experienced an adverse event; older adults were less likely to complete TB treatment (77.7% vs 88.4%; P = .002) and were more likely to die during TB treatment (16.3% vs 2.9%; P &lt; .01), especially among those ≥75 years old, who had a mortality rate of 22.9%. In multivariable analysis, dementia was significantly associated with treatment noncompletion (adjusted odds ratio, 5.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–20.32; P = .02).

Conclusions
Diabetes, negative diagnostic tests, and poor treatment outcomes were more prevalent in older adult TB cases. A greater understanding of their TB presentation and comorbidities will inform interventions to improve outcomes among older adults.
Adjunctive Rifampin Following Debridement and Implant Retention for Staphylococcal Prosthetic Joint Infection: Is it Effective if not Combined With a Fluoroquinolone?
Authors: Cortés-Penfield Nicolás W , Hewlett Angela L , Kalil Andre C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Whether rifampin benefits retained staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection is unsettled. In a meta-analysis of 8 studies, we found greater clinical cure with fluoroquinolone-rifampin vs all other regimens (odds ratio [OR], 2.68; 95% CI, 1.43–5.02), but no greater cure with other rifampin combinations vs regimens without rifampin (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.79–1.88).
Deconstructing the Dogma: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Adjunctive Gentamicin and Rifampin in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Ryder Jonathan H , Tong Steven Y C , Gallagher Jason C , McDonald Emily G , Thevarajan Irani , Lee Todd C , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Based primarily on in vitro and animal models, with little data directly addressing patient outcomes, current guidelines recommend treating staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) with antibiotic combinations including gentamicin and rifampin. Here, we synthesize the clinical data on adjunctive rifampin and gentamicin in staphylococcal PVE.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed- and Cochrane-indexed studies reporting outcomes of staphylococcal PVE treated with adjunctive rifampin, gentamicin, both agents, or neither (ie, glycopeptide or β-lactam monotherapy). We recorded outcomes including mortality, relapsed infection, length of stay, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and important drug–drug interactions (DDIs).

Results
Four relevant studies were identified. Two studies (n = 117) suggested that adding gentamicin to rifampin-containing regimens did not reduce clinical failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .39–2.46]), and 2 studies (n = 201) suggested that adding rifampin to gentamicin-containing regimens did not reduce clinical failure (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, .71–2.33]). Neither gentamicin nor rifampin was associated with reduced infection relapse; 1 study found that rifampin treatment was associated with longer hospitalizations (mean, 31.3 vs 42.3 days; P &lt; .001). Comparative safety outcomes were rarely reported, but 1 study found rifampin to be associated with hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and DDIs, leading to treatment discontinuation in 31% of patients.

Conclusions
The existing clinical data do not suggest a benefit of either adjunctive gentamicin or rifampin in staphylococcal PVE. Given that other studies also suggest these agents add nephrotoxicity, hepatoxicity, and risk of DDIs without benefit in staphylococcal endovascular infections, we suggest that recommendations for gentamicin and rifampin in PVE be downgraded and primarily be used within the context of clinical trials.