bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes, 1975
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Telone at 15 gal per acre was applied broadcast for nematodes two weeks prior to planting. Sweet potatoes 'Georgia Red' were planted on June 3, 1975. Preplant treatments were applied just prior to planting. Foliar treatments were applied at lay by on July 29, 1975, when roots were enlarging. Plots consisted of single 50 ft rows with four replications in randomized complete blocks. Soil was classified as Norfolk Sandy Loam with adequate soil moisture. Granular insecticides were applied in a 2 ft band with a hand shaker jar. Liquid insecticides were applied with a watering can at 1 gal water per 50 ft row. Potatoes were harvested on October 9. Wireworm damage was evaluated by scoring 25 roots selected at random from each row in each replicate. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage; 1 = up to 5 holes; 2 = 6 to 10 holes; 3 = 11 or more holes/sweet potato. When this damage was averaged, a “damage index” was obtained. “Percent damage control” was arrived at by the following formula: for treated sweet potatoes let A = the damage index and B = the % sweet potatoes damaged; for untreated (check) sweet potatoes let X = the damage index and Y = the % sweet potatoes damaged; then 100 - (AB/XY × 100) = percent damage control, a factor which reflects the effectiveness of the insecticide by comparing wireworm damage to potatoes from treated plots with potatoes from untreated plots.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, Missouri, 1976
Authors: Huggans J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area is part of a 10 acre 2 year old stand of WL-307 alfalfa. The field was treated for weed control in December, 1975 with 1 lb a.i. Simazine/A (Princep 80W, Ciba Geigy). Sprays of the compounds under test were applied to 20 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Finished spray treatments at the rate of 20 gallons per acre were applied May 10 at 40 psi pressure with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom and a power take-off powered roller pump. Eleven FS-6 nozzles with 50 mesh filter screens were spaced equidistance along the boom. Evaluation samples were taken May 18-19, 25-26, and June 1-2. Sampling for efficacy against weevil larvae was by plucking 25 individual stems of alfalfa from each plot per date and extracting me living larvae by heating in “Berlese” funnels. Materials recommended for weevil control by the university were included in the test as standards. They were Imidan 70WP at 1.0 lb and Furadan 4F at .25 and .50 lb ai/acre. The numbers of living larvae recovered by stem pluck sampling at 8, 15 and 22 days post treatment are given in Table 1. Forty percent pupation of remaining larvae had occurred by the 15 day sampling and 60% by the 22 day observation.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Illinois, 1976
Authors: Wedberg John L. , Rankin Elmer E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for alfalfa weevil control in Menard County, Illinois during 1976. Plots were 20 × 40 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied April 22 with a “back-pack” CO2 pressurized sprayer. This system delivered 29 gal/acre at 40 psi.
Wireworm Control on Corn, 1976
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y. , Lentz G. L. , Arnold Fred J. , Keaster Armon J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plantings were made in a 4 acre plot near Vichy, Missouri and a 6 acre plot near Clinton, Missouri. The soil at both locations was clay loam. Larval baits a consisting of a 1:1 mixture of corn and wheat seed placed 6” deep prior to planting at the Vichy location averaged 12.2 ± 8.0 larvae/bait during mid-April and early May and ca 89,211 wireworms/ acre as estimated by core samples. The average at Clinton was 7.93 ± 4.89/bait and 98,641 wireworms/acre estimated by core samples. All treatments were applied at time of planting. The 7” band and in-furrow treatments were made with a V-belt seeder mounted on a 2-row John Deere planter. Pre-weighed insecticide granules were placed uniformly along the V-belt seeder and directed through banders on tubes to obtain respective placement. Broadcast treatments were uniformly distributed by hand using glass containers with perforated lids and incorporated with a garden tiller. The plots consisted of 2 rows 35 feet in length and replicated four times according to a randomized complete block design. The Vichy test was planted May 5 and the Clinton test was planted on May 9. Performances of the compounds was measured by counting the number of live and dying and/or dead plants. The Vichy test was evaluated on June 10 and the Clinton test on June 8.
Suppression of Corn Rootworm Larvae in Illinois, 1976
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Johnson Charlotte , Foster Rick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm infestations were generally higher than usual during the 1976 season and good comparisons can be seen in the 7 experimental locations from northwest to east central Illinois. Nine different products were compared by application rate or method and formulation. The insecticides were banded at planting time in a 7 in band, placed directly in the furrow at planting, or applied post-emergence (basal) the first week of June and lightly incorporated. The rows were planted on 36 in centers using a randomized block with 3 replicates. Each plot was 100 ft long. Three test locations had a history of Thimet, one a history of Furadan, and 3 a history of no insecticide use. The treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings on the 1-6 Iowa system and percent plants per 100 lodged more than 30°.
Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control By Experimental Insecticides in Ohio, 1976
Authors: Szatmari-Goodman Gary , Treece Robert E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn, variety Pioneer 3773, was planted at New Pittsburg (Wayne County), Ohio on April 30'76. Four experimental and 2 recommended soil insecticides were applied in the furrow or in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel at time of planting. Randomized split plots, with placement (band or furrow) assigned to the whole plots and insecticide to the split plots, or randomized complete blocks with four replicates were used. Plots were 2 rows wide (38 in spacing), 40 ft long, with two border rows between replicates that were contiguous and 25 ft alleyways between replicates that were not. Because of variation in larval density, the number of rows in a replication was less than twenty. Application was made with electric Gandy insecticide boxes mounted over each planter presswheel at a constant 3 mph tractor ground speed. Soil type was silt loam. Rainfall for May was 1/2 normal with June normal and July slightly below normal. Soil temperature (4 in depth) at planting was ca 11°C. Larval damage was assessed on August 3rd, by digging and washing 24 root systems from each treatment (6 roots/plot × 4 reps) and evaluating each root system on the standard 1-6 rating scale where 1= little or no damage and 6 = three or more nodes of roots destroyed.
Evaluation Of Insecticides To Control

HELIOTHIS

SPP. ON COTTON IN MISSISSIPPI, 1976
Authors: Pieters Edward P. , Boyette John D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 cotton variety was planted on May 24'75 at the North Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Eight-row plots, 75 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied to the center 4 rows of each plot at the rate of 3.8 gallons per acre, 4 mph, 40 psi, 3 nozzles per row. Applications for Heliothis spp. control were made 8 times between the dates of August 7 and September 13. Azinphosmemyl at 0.25 lb a.i./acre was applied 6 times during the study to control boll weevils. Plots were examined weekly for Heliothis spp. damaged squares by examining 100 squares per plot. After squaring ceased, 25 bolls per plot were examined for Heliothis spp. damage. Yields were estimated by counting the total number of open bolls on 6.5 linear ft of row at two locations within each plot.
Chemical Control of Southern Corn Rootworm on Peanuts, Emporia, Virginia, 1976
Authors: Smith John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts, 'VA 61R', planted May 21'76 received granular insecticide and foliar spray applications on August 4. A second test with delayed timing received both types of applications on August 18. All plots received an in-furrow application of Disyston 15G at 1.0 lb a.i./acre for tobacco thrips control. Plots were 4 rows (36-in spacing) by 20 ft length with 5 ft alleys between 4 replications in randomized blocks. Soil was a Norfolk loamy fine sand with a pH of 6.2. Granular insecticides were applied as 14-in bands with pre-calibrated, tractor-mounted EzeeFlow granular applicators driven by an electric motor. Sprays were applied as 18-inch bands over the foliage with a CO2 pressure-regulated knapsack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row at 75 psi. Plots of the first application date test received a shallow cultivation after the granular application to achieve soil incorporation. No cultivation was accomplished after the second (August 18) application date, due to excess vine growth and advanced fruiting (pegging). Insect damage evaluations were made September 20 to 24, 1976 by hand-digging 4 randomly selected plants from the 2 center rows of each plot. Mature and immature peanuts were pulled from the composite sample, washed and evaluated for rootworm injury. Pods were separated into categories of mature and immature as an aid in evaluating residual efficacy of the chemicals.
Irish Potato, Potato Insect Control, Pasquotank County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Superior' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 27, near Elizabeth City, NC. Single-row plots 25-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Granular treatments were applied by hand-held shaker jars and incorporated just before planting. Foliar applications were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi and equipped with a hollow cone nozzle. Colorado potato beetle egg masses were placed in plots on Apr 25. Pretreatment larave counts were made on 2 plants/plot on May 2 followed by a foliar spray application. Posttreatment counts were made on May 9 followed by a foliar spray application. Another foliar spray application was made on May 24. Stand counts and number of plants in fested with European corn borer were made on May 30. European corn borer entry points were noted on Jun 4 . Yield data was obtained on Jun 20.
Sweet Potato, Soil Insect Control, Jeff Davis Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. , Stacey Leon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Mocap lOG-treated (8 lb ai/acre) field was made into flat beds then divided into plots 2-rows (6 ft) wide and 50-ft long, replicated 4 times in RCB. Insecticidal granules were broadcast over the beds by hand using a perforated can, and raised beds were formed with a ripper bedder thus incorporating the granules. Sweet potato vine cuttings were then transplanted one day later on Jul 12. Some plots also received granules broadcast by hand over the vines at root swelling on Aug 22. Plots were harvested on Nov 1 and 25 randomly selected roots per plot were examined for insect damage.
Insect Control on Sweet Potatoes, Wilson County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Jewel' sweet potatoes were transplanted on Jun 6, near Wilson, NC. Plots consisted of 4 rows ranging from 500 ft to 1600 ft in length for a total of 1.75 acres/treatment. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Granular treatments were applied pretransplant over the row by means of a Herd broadcaster on Jun 7. Liquid treatments were applied at the same time with a Johnson sprayer operated at 35 psi delivering 50 gal/acre. All treatments were incorporated by the planter. Potatoes were harvested on Sep 27. Insect damage was evaluated by scoring 50 roots selected at random from the first 300 ft of the middle rows of each plot. Damage classes were: wireworm and grub - 0 = no damage, 1 = 1-5 holes, 2 = 6-10 holes, 3 = 11 or more holes; flea beetle - 0 = no damage, 1 = less than 1 inch of tunnels, 2 = 1 inch - 3 inch of tunnels, 3 = more than 3 inch of tunnels. The total number of roots in each damage class/plot was then multiplied by a damage factor.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1979
Authors: Anderson T. E. , Kennedy G. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on Jun 1 at the North Carolina State University Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 20-ft long and 3.5 ft wide, separated within rows by 10—Ft of bare ground and between rows by one unplanted row. Overhead irrigation was supplied as needed. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block experimental design. Foliar sprays were applied using a tractor mounted, high pressure sprayer equipped with 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal/acre at 150 psi. Treatments were begun when ca 50% of the plants had set fruit. Applications were made weekly from Jul 26 to Aug 30. Sixty randomly selected ripe fruit/plot were harvested on Aug 31, one day after the last treatment, and 60 more/plot were harvested on Sep 6. All were examined for injury by H. zea.
Vegetable Leafminer Control on Tomato With Soil-Applied Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Dougherty David E. , Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants of 'Walter' tomato were set in the field Mar 2 in a completely randomized design with four plots/treatment. Plots contained 10 plants spaced at 18-inch intervals on raised sand beds separated by 6 ft . Prior to installing black polyethylene plastic mulch, beds were fertilized with 500 lb/A of 5-20-8 broadcast prior to bedding and with 1000 lb/A of 18-0-25 in 2 bands on the shoulders of the finished bed. Water was provided by seep irrigation from lateral ditches. As the plants were set, 4 oz of 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer (7.5 lb/100 gal) was applied to each plant. Standak and Orthene 75S were mixed in the 20-20-20 fertilizer solution, Thimet 15G was sprinkled in the fertilizer bands on the bed, and the Orthene 5% bait was added in the plant row. On Mar 5, three days following the planting of the original transplants, over one-third of the original plants were reset. Again 4 oz of fertilizer solution, amended with insecticide where appropriate, was applied to each plant. Maintenance sprays of Dipel 0.5 lb/A and Manzate 200 1.5 lb/A were applied as needed. Leafminer populations were sampled by counting the number of total, active and dead mines on the terminal 3 leaflets (trifoliate) on the fourth leaf from the newest expanding leaf of each plant on March 20, 30, and April 6. The Dunnett d' (P = 0.05) statistic was used for comparing treatment means with the control (fertilizer alone).
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Tomato, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty tomato plants 7 to 9 weeks old were placed in an isolated greenhouse containing tomato plants heavily infested with whiteflies. Twenty-four hours later the plants were moved to another isolated greenhouse free of plants and pests and any adult whiteflies on the test plants were killed with a thorough treatment of Cyanogas that evening. Thirteen days later whitefly crawlers were observed as anticipated. Therefore, on day 14, 24 of the test plants were divided into 6 groups of 4 each for treatment (prepared in water and applied to runoff with a Hudson Climax sprayer). The other 6 plants were treated with water from a Hudson sprayer with no history of chemical use. On day 7 and 8 post-treatment, 6 leaf discs 2.45 cm2 were removed from areas on each plant determined to contain high numbers of whitefly nymphs. Each disc was observed for the number of live and dead nymphs with a stereo-microscope. Data were analyzed by the f-test to determine significance, and means were separated by DMRT.
Insect Control on Tomato, 1979
Authors: Schuster David J. , Dougherty David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Walter' transplants were set Mar 30, 18-in. apart on 3 ft wide by 6-in. high beds of Immokalee Fine Sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied Apr 26, May 3, 10, 17, and 24, with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 RPM (20-25 mph wind) and delivered 120 GPA. On May 9 and 30, the number of larvae of the tomato pinworm (TPW) and leafmines of the vegetable leafminer (VLM) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets (trifoliate) of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top of each plant/plot. The number of undamaged fruit and those damaged by larvae of the TPW, the cabbage looper (CL) and granulate cutworm (GCW) were counted in a single harvest on May 30. After harvesting, five plants were cut and shaken and the number of dislodged larvae of the CL and GCW were counted.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1977
Authors: Harold Arnett W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Main Station Field Laboratory at Reno on a 5 year old stand of alfalfa. Treatments were applied when nearing full bud stage with 20-30% showing tip damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on Jun 3'77. Precounts averaged 32 larvae/sweep. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 22.5 gpa at 32 psi. Post treatment counts were taken on Jun 6, 10, 17 and 20 and were based on 10 (180 degree) sweeps of a standard net from each rep.
Stubble Spray Treatment for Adult Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was located near Beltsville, Prince George's County, Maryland. First cutting of alfalfa had been removed 7-8 days prior to treatment. At time of treatment on May 21 damage to the regrowth was severe. Adult pre-counts averaged 11 per sq ft. For treatment evaluations, four random sq ft samples were taken with a D-Vac from each plot and the number weevils recorded for each sample. Treatment plots 20 × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a “Back-pack#x201D; CO2 pressured sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 40 psi. Post treatment counts were made May 24.
Apple, Prebloom Mite Treatments, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to mature York apple trees using a Bean 35-gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi to single-tree plots replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were sprayed to run-off. Sampling was done by collecting 20 leaves/replicate at random around the perimeter of the trees within arm's reach from the ground. The samples were brushed with a modified Henderson- McBurnie type machine. The mites were trapped on a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Sections of the plates were counted; from this the total number of mites in each sample was calculated. All treatments were compatible with horticultural practices and no phytotoxicity was observed. Additional spray materials used include Difolatan in the dormant spray. Thy late in the pink, captan and Thylate during bloom, captan andSevin (for thinning) at first cover. Later sprays included Phosphamidon, parafhion, Guthion and captan.
Armyworm Control in Barley, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Burdett Laura , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was located in Queen Anne's County, Maryland. Barley at time of treatment May 28 was near maturity. Larvae were in 3rd and 4th instars and precounts May 25 averaged 11 larvae/6 ft of row. Treatment plots 15 × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” hand held CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 40 psi. Toxaphene is the most widely used material for armyworm control and is the standard in this test. Post treatment counts were taken May 28. Two random 3 ft of row counts were made between the 2 middle barley rows in each plot and the number of larvae recorded. At the time of treatment, the economic threshold of 2/ft of row were exceeded in all plots.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1979
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field had been in continuous no-till corn for 4 years. Corn was planted no-till in 30 inch, 3 row plots, 95 ft long with 4 replications in a randomized block design. Thirty-five insecticide-rate combinations were compared. The treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system and on yield. Stand establishment was also observed. Only 3 materials had a stand density of less than 104 per 100 row ft. All treatments except Furadan 4F at 0.25 and 0.5 lb and Furadan 10G at 0.25 lb significantly reduced rootworm danage in comparison with the untreated check. The Furadan 4F and FMC 35001 4E formulations did not perform comparable to these same chemicals formulated for granular treatment. The more than average precipitation during the summer season may have accounted for this reduction in efficacy.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Postflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines 1977-78
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , Bandbng J. P. , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two trials on farmers' fields in Pao, Manaoag, Pangasinan evaluated 15 foliar insecticides against postflowering insects, predominantly Heliothis. Each insecticide was ap-plied 2 or 3 times to 3 replicated plots (50 sq.m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 700 l/ha. All plots, including the check received preflowering insecticide - 0.25 kg ai Azodrin/Via on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE). Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. Mung bean (3000,000 plants/ha) was broadcast sown and harrowed into tilled seedbeds (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon wet season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 0 mm and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 31°C and 19°C, respectively for the crop period. The impact of Heliothis infestation was measured as % defoliation (visual estimate/plot), no. larvae (50 plants), % damaged green and dry pods (100 pods), and no. pods/plant (25 plants). Yield was based on 15 sq.m.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Oats, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was located near Westminster, Maryland. At time of treatment the oats were 15 inch high and the larval infestation and damage was heavy. Treatment plots of 10 × 10 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treat-ments were applied June 6 with a "back-pack" hand held CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 36 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment samples were collected June 8. Number of live insects per 6 ft row was used for the evaluations.