bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal soundscapes reveal key markers of Amazon forest degradation from fire and logging
Authors: Rappaport Danielle I. , Swain Anshuman , Fagan William F. , Dubayah Ralph , Morton Douglas C. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Fire and logging reduce the carbon stored in Amazon forests, but the long-term impact of forest degradation on animal communities remains unclear. We recorded thousands of hours of ecosystem sounds to investigate the acoustic fingerprint of the animal community in degraded Amazon forests following fire and logging. The emergent 24-h patterns of acoustic activity differed between logged and burned forests, and we observed large and sustained shifts in acoustic community assembly after multiple fires. Soundscape differences among degraded forests were clearest during insect-dominated hours rarely sampled in field studies of biodiversity. These findings demonstrate that acoustic monitoring holds promise for routine biodiversity assessments, even by non-experts, to capture a holistic measure of sound-producing animals and track ecosystem changes over time.
The endoplasmic reticulum adopts two distinct tubule forms
Authors: Wang Bowen , Zhao Zhiheng , Xiong Michael , Yan Rui , Xu Ke 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most structurally visible and functionally important organelles in the cell. Utilizing superresolution microscopy, we here unveil that in the mammalian cell, the peripheral ER adopts two distinct, well-defined tubule forms of contrasting structures, molecular signatures, and functions, with one of the two curiously being ribbon-like, ultranarrow sheets of fixed widths. With fast multicolor microscopy, we further show how the two tubule forms dynamically interconvert while differentially accommodating proteins in the living cell.
Direct free energy evaluation of classical and quantum many-body systems via field-theoretic simulation
Authors: Fredrickson Glenn H. , Delaney Kris T. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The accurate evaluation of free energies within molecular simulations is important to many scientific fields, including fluid and solid phase equilibria, biomolecular condensates, and quantum phase transitions, among others. Unfortunately, free energy estimation is tedious and computationally expensive for molecular models whose degrees of freedom are expressed in particle coordinates. We show that alternative representations of a model as a classical or quantum field theory provide access to a chemical potential operator that can be averaged to yield a direct and low-cost estimate of the Gibbs free energy. The averaging is performed using a “field-theoretic” computer simulation that employs fluctuating fields rather than particles.
Revisiting the Intelligibility and Nativeness Principles*
Authors: Levis John M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Levis (2005) named two conflicting approaches to pronunciation teaching, the Nativeness Principle and the Intelligibility Principle. This paper revisits those two principles to argue for the superiority of the Intelligibility Principle in regard to where pronunciation fits within the wider field of language teaching, in how it effectively addresses teaching goals, in how it best addresses all contexts of L2 pronunciation learning, and in how it recognizes the reality of social consequences of pronunciation differences. In contrast, the Nativeness Principle, despite its long pedigree and many defenders, falls short by advocating native pronunciation for L2 learners, which is both unlikely to be achieved and unnecessary for effective communication in the L2.
Long-term effects of intensive instruction on fluency, comprehensibility and accentedness*
Authors: French Leif Michael , Gagné Nancy , Collins Laura 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We assessed the long-term effects of intensive instruction on different aspects of L2 oral production. Adopting the tridimensional model of oral production (Munro & Derwing, 1995a), we compared high school learners who had received intensive ESL instruction (N = 42) with non-intensive learners (N = 39) on perceptual measures of L2 fluency, comprehensibility, and accentedness 4 years after a 5-month intensive instruction period. After controlling for academic ability and L2 proficiency, listeners’ ratings of fluency and comprehensibility were significantly higher for the IG; however, there was no specific group advantage for accentedness, suggesting both groups exhibited similar L2 accents. This study provides new empirical evidence that the oral fluency and comprehensibility benefits of an intensive experience may be long-lasting, even when learners’ subsequent classroom exposure to the language is much more limited.
Investigating the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation*
Authors: Vaughn Charlotte , Whitty Aubrey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The processing fluency hypothesis proposes that listeners’ perceived difficulty processing the speech of L2 speakers (called comprehensibility/processing fluency) leads them to downgrade those speakers socially. In this paper, we investigate this relationship, focusing on context-specificity. L1-English listeners provided comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings of L1-Korean speakers speaking English, while an orthographic depiction of the speech either appeared alongside the audio or did not, a manipulation aiming to affect comprehensibility. Varying orthography between subjects, Experiment 1 found that orthography resulted in greater comprehensibility, but not more positive social evaluations. Experiment 2 manipulated orthography within subjects, varying context: orthography trials were presented first or last. Comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings were related only when orthography was first, suggesting a conditional, asymmetrical relationship where listeners more readily downgrade than upgrade the same speaker when orthography changes. Our results highlight the context-dependent nature of these constructs, limiting the generalizability of the processing fluency hypothesis.
Miniature and tunable high voltage-driven soft electroactive biconvex lenses for optical visual identification
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xia Zhijie , Zhang Zhisheng , Zhu Jianxiong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soft electroactive materials including dielectric elastomer (DE) and polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel have recently been investigated, which can provide exciting opportunities for optical imaging and biomedical engineering. We propose a tunable liquid lens based on PAM hydrogels, and the miniature lens is also composed of a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) and an ionic liquid enclosed. When a biconvex lens is fabricated, a bubble needs to be voided by controlling the pressure. The lens DEA based on PAM electrodes has various resistances that decrease with the stretch. However, it is a constant of 0.49 Ω for the DEA coupling carbon grease electrodes. In a high voltage-driven state, the curvature radius of the lens increased. As a result, the focal length was tuned and enlarged. Computational models are derived for the soft-actuated liquid lens, which improves the existing related theory by detail. Especially, the relationship between voltage and focal length is deduced and verified by experiments. The computational models and experimental phenomena are consistent. Moreover, an increase in pre-stretch and voltage produces a wider tenability range. This study opens the soft electroactive biconvex lenses in potential optical healthcare rehabilitation and optical visual identification applications.
Comparison of the physicochemical properties and inactivation against tumor cells of PAW induced by underwater single-hole and multi-hole bubble plasma
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Gao Yuting , Pang Bolun , Wang Sitao , Tantai Xiamin , Zhang Feng , Li Qiaosong , Xu Dehui , Liu Dingxin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) regarded as a green alternative is of great interest in biomedicine due to the presence of a rich diversity of aqueous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Optimizing the reactor parameter is an important approach to regulate RONS in PAW to obtain better biological effects. This work mainly focuses on the number of micro holes of the plasma device to realize underwater bubble discharge. By comparing single-hole and multi-hole plasma under the same pulse voltage, the multi-hole plasma would produce a better discharge characteristic, and the prepared PAW presents superior physicochemical properties to realize high level RONS production by means of microbubbles to increase the contact area with water molecules. Furthermore, the A549 lung carcinoma cells are used to verify the inactivation effect induced by PAW treated by underwater single-hole and multi-hole bubble plasma, respectively, and the results show that the multi-hole plasma would induce cell apoptosis reaching up to 57.4%, while only 31.2% apoptosis efficiency for single-hole plasma. This mainly contributes to the high concentration of key species (NO2
−, H2O2, ONOO−/O2
−, and ·OH) produced by multi-hole plasma. This study is helpful to insight into the influence of underwater bubble on chemistry activity of PAW, and promoting the wide applications in biomedical field.
Tuning the optoelectronic properties of cross conjugated small molecules using benzodithiophene as a core unit with favorable photovoltaic parameters: a DFT study
Authors: Majeed Sana , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Zia Muhammad Anjum , Iqbal Javed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In a recent study, cross conjugated molecules (BDT-C1 to BDT-C6) based on Benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b'] (BDT) as core units linked with different acceptor moieties are designed for encouraging photovoltaic applications. The optoelectronic study has been conducted by density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP 6-31G (d, p) basis set combination by equating them with recently reported cross conjugated reference (BDT-CR) molecule and to study basic parameters such as frontier molecular orbital, the density of states, reorganization energy, maximum absorption, dipole moment, transition density matrix (TDM) and open-circuit voltage (V
OC). Six new cross conjugated molecules (BDT-C1 to BDT-C6) with modified acceptor moieties are designed to evaluate their photophysical behavior in photovoltaic cells and the optoelectronic analysis of designed molecules indicates that among all cross conjugated molecules, BDT-C3 molecule exhibited the lowest bandgap value (1.84 eV) and broad absorption (747 nm) spectrum in dichloromethane due to extended conjugation in molecule than BDT-CR. TDM results reveal the easy dissociation of exciton due to the transfer of electron density in a diagonal direction from donor to acceptor moieties. The lowest value of electron mobility (0.0030 eV) and hole mobility (0.0027 eV) of BDT-C4 indicates its excellent electron and hole transfer behavior. The newly architecture molecule BDT-C1 displayed the highest V
OC value of 1.52 eV concerning PC61BM. All above-mentioned outcomes reflect that our newly architecture cross conjugated molecules are suitable applicants for photovoltaic cells and can exhibit wonderful results in the quest of power conversion efficiency.
B − L model with A
4 × Z
3 × Z
4 symmetry for 3 + 1 active-sterile neutrino mixing
Authors: Vien V V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We construct a B − L model with A
4 × Z
3 × Z
4 flavor symmetry that accounts for the recent 3 + 1 active-sterile neutrino data. The tiny neutrino mass and the mass hierarchy are obtained by the type-I seesaw mechanism. The hierarchy of the lepton masses is satisfied by a factor of

v

H

v

l

Λ

2

∼
1

0

−
4

G
e
V

of the electron mass compared to the muon and tau masses of the order of

v

H

v

l

Λ

∼
1

0

−
1

G
e
V

. The 3 + 1 active-sterile neutrino mixings are predicted to be 0.015 ⩽ |U
14|2 ⩽ 0.045, 0.004 ⩽ |U
24|2 ⩽ 0.012 and 0.004 ⩽ |U
34|2 ⩽ 0.014 for normal hierarchy while 0.020 ⩽ |U
14|2 ⩽ 0.045, 0.008 ⩽ |U
24|2 ⩽ 0.018 and 0.008 ⩽ |U
34|2 ⩽ 0.022 for inverted hierarchy. Sterile neutrino masses are predicted to be 0.7 ≲ m

s
(eV) ≲ 3.16 for normal hierarchy and 2.6 ≲ m

s
(eV) ≲ 7.1 for inverted hierarchy. For three neutrino scheme the model predicts 0.3401 ⩽ sin2
θ
12 ⩽ 0.3415, 0.460 ⩽ sin2
θ
23 ⩽ 0.540, −0.60 ⩽ sin δ
CP ⩽ −0.20 for normal hierarchy and 0.3402 ⩽ sin2
θ
12 ⩽ 0.3416, 0.434 ⩽ sin2
θ
23 ⩽ 0.610, −0.95 ⩽ sin δ
CP ⩽ − 0.60 for inverted hierarchy.
Universal orbit design for metal artifact elimination
Authors: Gang Grace J , Stayman J Webster 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Metal artifacts are a persistent problem in CT and cone-beam CT. In this work, we propose to reduce or even eliminate metal artifacts by providing better sampling of data using non-circular orbits. Approach. We treat any measurements intersecting metal as missing data, and aim to design a universal orbit that can generally accommodate arbitrary metal shapes and locations. We adapted a local sampling completeness metric based on Tuy’s condition to quantify the extent of sampling in the presence of metal. A maxi-min objective over all possible metal locations was used for orbit design. A simple class of sinusoidal orbits was evaluated as a function of frequencies, maximum tilt angles, and orbital extents. Experimental implementation of these orbits were performed on an imaging bench and evaluated on two phantoms, one containing metal balls and the other containing a pedicle screw assembly for spine fixation. Metal artifact reduction (MAR) performance was compared amongst three approaches: non-circular orbits only, algorithmic correction only, and a combined approach. Main results. Theoretical evaluations of the objective favor sinusoidal orbits with large tilt angles and large orbital extents. Furthermore, orbits that leverage redundant azimuthal angles to sample non-redundant data have better performance, e.g. even or non-integer frequency sinusoids for a 360° acquisition. Experimental data support the trends observed in theoretical evaluations. Reconstructions using even or non-integer frequency orbits present less streaking artifacts and background details with finer resolution, even when multiple metal objects are present and even in the absence of MAR algorithms. The combined approach of non-circular orbits and MAR algorithm yields the best performance. The observed trend in image quality is supported by quantitative measures of sampling and severity of streaking artifact. Significance. This work demonstrates that sinusoidal orbits are generally robust against metal artifacts and can provide an avenue for improved image quality in interventional imaging.
A study on several critical problems on arrhythmia detection using varying-dimensional electrocardiography
Authors: Kang Jingsu , Wen Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. This work tries to provide answers to several critical questions on varying-dimensional electrocardiography (ECG) raised by the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021 (CinC2021): can subsets of the standard 12 leads provide models with adequate information to give comparable performances for classifying ECG abnormalities? Can models be designed to be effective enough to classify a broad range of ECG abnormalities? Approach. To tackle these problems, we (challenge team name ‘Revenger’) propose several novel architectures within the framework of convolutional recurrent neural networks. These deep learning models are proven effective, and moreover, they provide comparable performances on reduced-lead ECGs, even in the extreme case of 2-lead ECGs. In addition, we propose a ‘lead-wise’ mechanism to facilitate parameter reuse of ECG neural network models. This mechanism largely reduces model sizes while keeping comparable performances. To further augment model performances on specific ECG abnormalities and to improve interpretability, we manually design auxiliary detectors based on clinical diagnostic rules. Main Results. In the post-challenge session, our approach achieved a challenge score of 0.38, 0.40, 0.41, 0.40, 0.35 on the 12, 6, 4, 3, 2-lead subsets respectively on the CinC2021 hidden test set. Significance. The proposed approach gives positive answers to the critical questions CinC2021 raises and lays a solid foundation for further research in the future on these topics.
Possible resolution of the Hubble tension with Weyl invariant gravity
Authors: Shimon Meir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore cosmological implications of a
genuinely Weyl invariant (WI) gravitational interaction.
The latter reduces to general relativity in a particular
conformal frame for which the gravitational coupling and
active gravitational masses are fixed.
Specifically, we consider a cosmological model in this
framework that is dynamically identical to the
standard model (SM) of cosmology.
However, kinematics of test particles traveling
in the new background metric is modified
thanks to a new (cosmological) fundamental
mass scale, γ, of the model that emerges
as an integration constant of the classical field equations.
Since the lapse-function of the new metric is
radially-dependent any incoming photon experiences (gravitational)
red/blueshift in the comoving frame, unlike in the SM.
Distance scales are modified as well due to the scale γ.
The claimed 4.4σ tension level between the locally measured
Hubble constant, H
0, with SH0ES and the corresponding
value inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
could then be significantly alleviated by
an earlier-than-thought recombination. Assuming
vanishing spatial curvature, either one of
the Planck 2018 (P18) or dark energy survey (DES)
yr1 data sets subject to the SH0ES prior
imply that γ
-1 is O(100)
times larger than the Hubble scale, H
0
-1.
Considering P18+SH0ES or P18+DES+SH0ES data set combinations, the odds
against vanishing γ are over 1000:1 and 2000:1, respectively,
and the model is strongly favored over the SM with a
deviance information criterion (DIC) gain ≳ 10
and ≳ 12, respectively.
The H
0 tension is reduced in this model
to ∼ 1.5 and 1.3 σ, respectively.
Allowing for a non-vanishing spatial curvature, γ
-1
halves to O(50) times H
0
-1.
The capacity of two other major cosmological
probes, baryonic oscillations and type Ia supernovae,
SNIa, to distinguish between the models is also
discussed. We conclude that the H
0 tension may
simply result from a yet unrecognized fundamental
symmetry of the gravitational interaction — Weyl invariance.
Freeze-in and freeze-out generation of lepton asymmetries after baryogenesis in the νMSM
Authors: Eijima S. , Shaposhnikov M. , Timiryasov I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The νMSM — an extension of the Standard Model by three relatively light singlet Majorana fermions N
1,2,3 — allows for the generation of lepton asymmetry which is several orders of magnitude larger than the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The lepton asymmetry is produced in interactions of N
2,3 (with masses in the GeV region) at temperatures below the sphaleron freeze out T ≲ 130 GeV and can enhance the cosmological production of dark matter (DM) sterile neutrinos N
1 (with the mass of the keV scale) happening at T ∼ 200 MeV due to active-sterile neutrino mixing.
This asymmetry can be generated in freeze-in, freeze-out, or later in decays of heavy neutral leptons.
In this work, we address the question of the magnitude of the late-time asymmetry (LTA) generated by the heavy neutral leptons N
2,3 during their freeze-in and freeze-out, leaving the decays for later work. We study how much of this asymmetry can survive down to the lower temperatures relevant for the sterile neutrino DM creation. We find that this LTA could result in the production of a sizeable fraction of dark matter. We also examine a role played by magnetic fields and the Abelian chiral anomaly in the generation of LTA, not accounted for in the previous studies. We argue that the production of LTA can be increased significantly and make an estimate of the influence of this effect.
Discord and decoherence
Authors: Martin Jérôme , Micheli Amaury , Vennin Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In quantum information theory, quantum discord has been proposed as a tool to characterise the presence of “quantum correlations” between the subparts of a given system. Whether a system behaves quantum-mechanically or classically is believed to be impacted by the phenomenon of decoherence, which originates from the unavoidable interaction between this system and an environment. Generically, decoherence is associated with a decrease of the state purity, i.e. a transition from a pure to a mixed state. In this paper, we investigate how quantum discord is modified by this quantum-to-classical transition. This study is carried out on systems described by quadratic Hamiltonians and Gaussian states, with generalised squeezing parameters. A generic parametrisation is also introduced to describe the way the system is partitioned into two subsystems. We find that the evolution of quantum discord in presence of an environment is a competition between the growth of the squeezing amplitude and the decrease of the state purity. In phase space, this corresponds to whether the semi-minor axis of the Wigner ellipse increases or decreases, which has a clear geometrical interpretation. Finally, these considerations are applied to primordial cosmological perturbations, thus allowing us to investigate how large-scale structures in our universe, which are believed to arise from quantum fluctuations, can exhibit classical properties.
A Deep Investigation of Two Poorly Studied Open Clusters Haffner 22 and Melotte 71 in the Gaia era
Authors: Bisht D. , Zhu Qingfeng , Yadav R. K. S. , Rangwal Geeta , Sariya Devesh P. , Durgapal Alok , Jiang Ing-Guey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a deep investigation of two open clusters, Haffner 22 and Melotte 71, using astrometric and photometric data from Gaia EDR3. We identified 382 and 597 most probable cluster members with membership probability higher than 50%. Mean proper motions in R.A. and decl. are estimated as (−1.631 ± 0.009, 2.889 ± 0.008) and (−2.398 ± 0.004, 4.210 ± 0.005) mas yr−1 for Haffner 22 and Melotte 71, respectively. A comparison of observed CMDs with the theoretical isochrones leads to an age of 2.25 ± 0.25 and 1.27 ± 0.14 Gyr for these clusters. The distances 2.88 ± 0.10 and 2.28 ± 0.15 kpc based on the parallax are comparable with the values derived by the isochrone fitting method. Five and four blue straggler stars (BSS) are identified as cluster members in Haffner 22 and Melotte 71. Based on the relative number of high-velocity (binary) and single stars, we inferred binary fractions for both clusters in the range of ∼10% ≤ f
bin ≤ 14%, for both core and o?-core regions. We found binary content is larger in the core region. Mass function slope is in good agreement with the Salpeter’s value for Melotte 71 (x = 1.23 ± 0.38 within mass range 1–3.4 M
⊙) while it is quite a flat slope for Haffner 22 (x = 0.63 ± 0.30 within mass range 1–2.3 M
⊙). Evidence for the existence of mass-segregation effect is observed in both clusters. Using the Galactic potential model, Galactic orbits are derived, indicating that both clusters follow a circular path around the Galactic center, evolving slowly.