bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leibniz on Binary
Authors: Strickland Lloyd , Lewis Harry R. 
Published: November 2022

The first collection of Leibniz's key writings on the binary system, newly translated, with many previously unpublished in any language.
The polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) is known for his independent invention of the calculus in 1675. Another major—although less studied—mathematical contribution by Leibniz is his invention of binary arithmetic, the representational basis for today's digital computing. This book offers the first collection of Leibniz's most important writings on the binary system, all newly translated by the authors with many previously unpublished in any language. Taken together, these thirty-two texts tell the story of binary as Leibniz conceived it, from his first youthful writings on the subject to the mature development and publication of the binary system.
As befits a scholarly edition, Strickland and Lewis have not only returned to Leibniz's original manuscripts in preparing their translations, but also provided full critical apparatus. In addition to extensive annotations, each text is accompanied by a detailed introductory “headnote” that explains the context and content. Additional mathematical commentaries offer readers deep dives into Leibniz's mathematical thinking. The texts are prefaced by a lengthy and detailed introductory essay, in which Strickland and Lewis trace Leibniz's development of binary, place it in its historical context, and chart its posthumous influence, most notably on shaping our own computer age.
Shapes of Imagination
Authors: Stiny George 
Published: November 2022

Visual calculating in shape grammars aligns with art and design, bridging the gap between seeing (Coleridge's “imagination”) and combinatoric play (Coleridge's “fancy”).
In Shapes of Imagination, George Stiny runs visual calculating in shape grammars through art and design—incorporating Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poetic imagination and Oscar Wilde's corollary to see things as they aren't. Many assume that calculating limits art and design to suit computers, but shape grammars rely on seeing to prove otherwise. Rules that change what they see extend calculating to overtake what computers can do, in logic and with data and learning. Shape grammars bridge the divide between seeing (Coleridge's “imagination, or esemplastic power”) and combinatoric play (Coleridge's “fancy”).
Stiny shows that calculating without seeing excludes art and design. Seeing is key for calculating to augment creative activity with aesthetic insight and value. Shape grammars go by appearances, in a full-fledged aesthetic enterprise for the inconstant eye; they answer the question of what calculating would be like if Turing and von Neumann were artists instead of logicians. Art and design are calculating in all their splendid detail.
Two decades of Open Access Campaigns
Authors: Goveas Jenice Jean , Sayer Lizzie , Sud Megha 
Published: November 2022

At the start of this century, the Open Access movement gained momentum, largely fuelled by the Budapest (2002), Berlin (2003), and Bethesda (2003) declarations. The past two decades further witnessed several advocacy campaigns that challenged excessive profiteering through scientific publication, and advocated for revolutionising the scholarly publication system. Several attempts have been made to raise a voice for researchers’ rights that have been swallowed by the commercial publishing model. This study aims to give an overview of some major campaigns and organisations advocating for open access and analyses their efforts through the lens of their objectives, outcomes, opportunities, challenges and achievements. The assessment reveals some missing pieces that require careful consideration especially for current and future advocacy campaigns, as they are key building blocks of the Open Science movement. Such a mapping and understanding is crucial for sketching effective strategies needed to accelerate the progress towards achieving genuine and universal open access.
Association of Vaginal Estradiol Tablet With Serum Estrogen Levels in Women Who Are Postmenopausal
Authors: Mitchell Caroline M. , Larson Joseph C. , Crandall Carolyn J. , Bhasin Shalender , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Reed Susan D. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceHalf of women who are postmenopausal have genitourinary discomfort after menopause. Recommended therapies include low-dose vaginal estrogen. Individuals with a history of breast cancer or venous thromboembolism may have concerns about the safety of this intervention.ObjectiveTo compare serum estrogen concentrations with the use of vaginal estrogen, 10 μg, tablet vs placebo in women who are postmenopausal.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a secondary, post hoc analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of treatment for moderate to severe genitourinary syndrome in women who are postmenopausal. The study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute and the University of Minnesota from April 11, 2016, to April 23, 2017. Measurements and data analysis were performed from November 3, 2020, to September 23, 2022.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to vaginal estradiol tablet (10 μg/d for 2 weeks and then twice weekly) plus placebo gel (3 times weekly) or dual placebo for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn this post hoc analysis, baseline and week 12 serum estradiol, estrone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured by a chemiluminescent assay. Week 12 values of the 3 analytes were compared by baseline participant characteristics. Linear models compared week 12 estradiol concentrations between treatment groups, adjusted for baseline characteristics.ResultsA total of 174 women, mean (SD) age 61 (4) years, were included. Those in the estrogen group (n = 88) were more likely to have higher geometric mean (SD) week 12 serum estradiol concentrations (4.3 [2.2 pg/mL]) than those in the placebo group (n = 86) (3.5 [2.1] pg/mL) (P = .01). Adjusted for pretreatment hormone concentrations, age, clinical site, and body mass index, assignment to the estrogen vs placebo treatment group was significantly associated with higher week 12 estradiol concentrations (23.8% difference; 95% CI, 6.9%-43.3%). Most (121 of 174 [69.5%]) participants had enrollment serum estradiol concentrations higher than 2.7 pg/mL. Of women starting treatment at estradiol levels lower than or equal to 2.7 pg/mL, 38.1% (8 of 21) in the estrogen group and 34.4% (11 of 32) in the placebo group had estradiol concentrations higher than 2.7 pg/mL after 12 weeks of study participation (P = .78). Treatment assignment was not associated with week 12 estrone or SHBG concentrations.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, a significant, although small, increase in serum estradiol levels was noted after 12 weeks of vaginal estrogen administration. The clinical relevance of this small increase is uncertain.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02516202
Influence of Self‐Reported Knee Instability on Outcomes Following Education and Exercise: A Cohort Study of 2,466 Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Selçuk Halit , Roos Ewa M. , Grønne Dorte T. , Thorlund Jonas B. , Sarı Zübeyir , Skou Søren T. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo study the influence of self‐reported knee instability on changes in knee pain and gait speed following patient education and supervised exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe included patients enrolled in the Good Life With Osteoarthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) program, an 8‐week education and supervised neuromuscular exercise program. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their level of self‐reported knee instability (never; rarely; sometimes; most of the time or all the time). Knee pain intensity was evaluated on a 0–100 mm scale and gait speed from the 4 × 10 meters fast‐paced walk test at baseline and after the program. Using linear regression, we examined the association between knee instability and the change in pain and gait speed, respectively. Sex, age, body mass index, physical activity level, and previous knee surgery were covariates in adjusted models.ResultsAmong 2,466 patients with knee OA, mean baseline pain and gait speed varied between 38–59 mm and 1.39–1.56 meters/second in patients experiencing no instability and patients experiencing instability most or all the time, respectively. All instability groups improved in pain and gait speed. Compared to the no instability group, patients reporting instability most or all the time experienced larger improvements in pain (4.3 mm [95% confidence interval 1.2, 7.5]), while no difference between instability groups was found for gait speed.ConclusionKnee OA patients with self‐reported instability seem to benefit even more from a patient education and supervised exercise therapy program than OA patients without instability.
Paving the Way for High‐Performance UVB‐LEDs Through Substrate‐Dominated Strain‐Modulation
Authors: Li Tai , Luo Wei , Liu Shangfeng , Yang Jiajia , Tao Renchun , Yuan Ye , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Jinlin , Wang Tao , Rong Xin , Li Duo , Huang Zhen , Wang Weiyun , Kang Junjie , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlGaN‐based ultraviolet‐B light‐emitting diodes (UVB‐LEDs) exhibit great potential in phototherapy, vitamin D3 synthesis promotion, plant growth regulation, and so on. However, subjected to the excess compressive strain induced by the large lattice mismatch between multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and AlN, UVB‐LEDs that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of high light output power (LOP), low working voltage, and excellent stability are rarely reported. Here, a substrate‐dominated strain‐modulation strategy is proposed. By precisely manipulating the strain in AlN grown on nano‐patterned sapphire substrate (NPSS) to a slightly tensile one, the compressive strain in the following Al0.55Ga0.45N underlayer and Al0.28Ga0.72N/Al0.45Ga0.55N MQWs is successfully suppressed. As a result, an outstanding UVB‐LED with a peak wavelength at 303.6 nm is achieved. The 20 × 20 mil2 UVB‐LED chip shows a wall‐plug efficiency (WPE) of 3.27% under a forward current of 20 mA and a high LOP of 57.2 mW with an extremely low voltage of 5.87 V under a forward current of 800 mA. It is more exciting that the LOP degradation is as low as 17% after 1000 h operation under a forward current density of 75 A cm−2, showing excellent stability. The here‐developed UVB‐LED, with a high LOP and excellent reliability, will definitely promote the applications of AlGaN‐based UVB‐LEDs.
Superb All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Performances Powered by Ultralow Pt‐Decorated Hierarchical Ni‐Mo Porous Microcolumns
Authors: Yu Wenli , Chen Zhi , Fu Yunlei , Xiao Weiping , Dong Bin , Chai Yongming , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchieving efficient and robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts under all‐pH conditions is significant for clean hydrogen production. Herein, an ultralow Pt‐decorated hierarchical Ni‐Mo porous hybrid, consisting of Ni3Mo3N on MoO2 microcolumns, is developed for all‐pH HER with remarkable catalytic performances, owing to the porous structure, strong metal‐support interaction, along with ultralow Pt nanoparticles and multichannel nickel foam support. The superhydrophilic and aerophilic surfaces favor mass transport during the HER process. Consequently, the porous Pt/Ni‐Mo‐N‐O microcolumns present remarkable HER activity and durability with low overpotentials of 40.6, 101.1, and 89.5 mV to obtain 100 mA cm−2 in basic, neutral, and acid media, respectively. Moreover, the excellent performance in alkaline seawater (40.4 mV@100 mA cm−2) even suppresses most of over‐reported catalysts. More importantly, the two‐electrode cell, assembled with Pt/Ni‐Mo‐N‐O and NiMoO4 as cathode and anode, exhibits excellent performance towards overall‐water electrolysis with an ultralow cell voltage of 1.56 V@100 mA cm−2.
Bioactive Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Enhances Migration on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Han Ihn , Song In‐Seok , Choi Seung Ah , Lee Taebok , Yusupov Maksudbek , Shaw Priyanka , Bogaerts Annemie , Choi Eun Ha , Ryu Jae Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study hypothesizes that the application of low‐dose nonthermal biocompatible dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD‐NBP) to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) will inhibit colony formation but not cell death and induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and subsequent cell migration, which can result in enhanced wound healing. HGFs treated with plasma for 3 min migrate to each other across the gap faster than those in the control and 5‐min treatment groups on days 1 and 3. The plasma‐treated HGFs show significantly high expression levels of the cell cycle arrest‐related p21 gene and enhanced MMP activity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediated attenuation of wound healing or actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and plasma‐mediated reversal of this attenuation support the migratory effect of DBD‐NBP. Further, this work performs computer simulations to investigate the effect of oxidation on the stability and conformation of the catalytic kinase domain (KD) of FAK. It is found that the oxidation of highly reactive amino acids (AAs) Cys427, Met442, Cys559, Met571, Met617, and Met643 changes the conformation and increases the structural flexibility of the FAK protein and thus modulates its function and activity. Low‐dose DBD‐NBP‐induces host cell cycle arrest, ECM breakdown, and subsequent migration, thus contributing to the enhanced wound healing process.
Hyaluronan Receptors as Mediators and Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Carvalho Ana M. , Reis Rui L. , Pashkuleva Iva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex matter shaped by heterogenous cancer and cancer‐associated cells present at the tumor site. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major TME component that plays pro‐tumorigenic and carcinogenic functions. These functions are mediated by different hyaladherins expressed by cancer and tumor‐associated cells triggering downstream signaling pathways that determine cell fate and contribute to TME progression toward a carcinogenic state. Here, the interaction of HA is reviewed with several cell‐surface hyaladherins—CD44, RHAMM, TLR2 and 4, LYVE‐1, HARE, and layilin. The signaling pathways activated by these interactions and the respective response of different cell populations within the TME, and the modulation of the TME, are discussed. Potential cancer therapies via targeting these interactions are also briefly discussed.
Toward Scalable Production: Catalyst‐Coated Membranes (CCMs) for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis via Direct Bar Coating
Authors: Koch Susanne , Metzler Lukas , Kilian Sophia K. , Heizmann Philipp A. , Lombeck Florian , Breitwieser Matthias , Vierrath Severin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect catalyst coating of membranes is an obvious membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication approach. Nevertheless, it bears significant challenges related to excessive swelling of the wetted membranes and catalyst layers during coating. Thermal decaling, which is currently used in proton exchange electrolysis, cannot be used with typical hydrocarbon‐based anion‐exchange membranes due to the lack of a glass transition point. In this work, a novel direct‐coating approach for MEAs for anion‐exchange membrane water electrolysis is proposed. An additional adhesive foil is used to minimize membrane swelling during the coating of the second catalyst layer. The resulting cell efficiency (1 A cm−2 at 1.8 V with ≥ 1.9 mgIr cm−2) is comparable to spray‐coated cells, while the mass transport is reduced at higher current densities (2.11 V vs 2.27 V at 2.7 A cm−2). A fully self‐casted catalyst‐coated membrane with low thickness (35 µm) achieves promising performance of 1.4 A cm−2 at 1.8 V in 0.1 m KOH and 2.0 A cm−2 in 1 m KOH. Constant current holds at 1 A cm−2 in 1 m KOH further shows a comparably low degradation rate of both spray‐ and bar‐coated cells (≈1 mV h−1) after a stabilization period.
Functionalization of Mesoporous Semiconductor Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges
Authors: Yang Xuanyu , Deng Yu , Yang Haitao , Liao Yaozu , Cheng Xiaowei , Zou Yidong , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the emerging of the Internet of Things, chemiresistive gas sensors have been extensively applied in industrial production, food safety, medical diagnosis, and environment detection, etc. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the gas‐sensing performance through tailoring the structure, functions, defects and electrical conductivity of sensitive materials. Among the numerous sensitive materials, mesoporous semiconductor metal oxides possess unparalleled properties, including tunable pore size, high specific surface area, abundant metal–oxygen bonds, and rapid mass transfer/diffusion behavior (Knudsen diffusion), which have been regarded as the most potential sensitive materials. Herein, the synthesis strategies for mesoporous metal oxides are overviewed, the classical functionalization techniques of sensitive materials are also systemically summarized as a highlight, including construction of mesoporous structure, regulation of micro‐nano structure (i.e., heterojunctions), noble metal sensitization (e.g., Au, Pt, Ag, Pd) and heteroatomic doping (e.g., C, N, Si, S). In addition, the structure–function relationship of sensitive materials has been discussed at molecular‐atomic level, especially for the chemical sensitization effect, elucidating the interface adsorption/catalytic mechanism. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives are proposed, which will open a new door for the development of intelligent gas sensor in various applications.
Scalable Al2O3–TiO2 Conductive Oxide Interfaces as Defect Reservoirs for Resistive Switching Devices
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Wei , Zhang Di , Baskin Maria , Chen Aiping , Kvatinsky Shahar , Yalon Eilam , Kornblum Lior 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResistive switching devices herald a transformative technology for memory and computation, offering considerable advantages in performance and energy efficiency. Here, a simple and scalable material system of conductive oxide interfaces is employed, and their unique properties are leveraged for a new type of resistive switching device. An Al2O3–TiO2‐based valence‐change resistive switching device, where the conductive oxide interface serves both as the bottom electrode and as a reservoir of defects for switching, is demonstrated. The amorphous–polycrystalline Al2O3–TiO2 conductive interface is obtained following the technological path of simplifying the fabrication of the 2D electron gases (2DEGs), making them scalable for practical mass integration. Physical analysis of the device chemistry and microstructure with comprehensive electrical analysis of its switching behavior and performance is combined. The origin of the resistive switching is pinpointed to the conductive oxide interface, which serves both as the bottom electrode and as a reservoir of oxygen vacancies. The latter plays a key role in valence‐change resistive switching devices. The new device, based on scalable and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐technology‐compatible fabrication processes, opens new design spaces toward increased tunability and simplification of the device selection challenge.
Anxiety in Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Authors: Ng Rowena , Bjornsson Hans Tomas , Fahrner Jill A. , Harris Jacqueline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examined anxiety in Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS). Eighteen caregivers and participants with WSS completed the parent‐ and self‐report versions of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorder or the adapted version of the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorder. Approximately 33.33% of parents and 65% of participants with WSS rated in the clinical range for overall anxiety. Across anxiety subtypes, parents primarily indicated concerns with Separation Anxiety (72%), which was also endorsed by the majority of participants with WSS (82%). The emergent trend showed Total Anxiety increased with age based on parent‐informant ratings. The behavioral phenotype of WSS includes elevated anxiety. Clinical management should include incorporating early behavioral interventions to bolster emotion regulation given the observed risk of anxiety with age.
Atrial Fibrillation Risk Assessment after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: von Falkenhausen Aenne S. , Feil Katharina , Sinner Moritz F. , Schönecker Sonja , Müller Johanna , Wischmann Johannes , Eiffener Elodie , Clauss Sebastian , Poli Sven , Poli Khouloud , Zuern Christine S. , Ziemann Ulf , Berrouschot Jörg , Kitsiou Alkisti , Schäbitz Wolf‐Rüdiger , Dieterich Marianne , Massberg Steffen , Kääb Stefan , Kellert Lars 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveApproximately 20% of strokes are embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). Undetected atrial fibrillation (AF) remains an important cause. Yet, oral anticoagulation in unselected ESUS patients failed in secondary stroke prevention. Guidance on effective AF detection is lacking. Here, we introduce a novel, non‐invasive AF risk assessment after ESUS.MethodsCatch‐Up ESUS is an investigator‐initiated, observational cohort study conducted between 2018 and 2019 at the Munich University Hospital. Besides clinical characteristics, patients received ≥72 h digital electrocardiogram recordings to generate the rhythm irregularity burden. Uni‐ and multivariable regression models predicted the primary endpoint of incident AF, ascertained by standardized follow‐up including implantable cardiac monitors. Predictors included the novel rhythm irregularity burden constructed from digital electrocardiogram recordings. We independently validated our model in ESUS patients from the University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.ResultsA total of 297 ESUS patients were followed for 15.6 ± 7.6 months. Incident AF (46 patients, 15.4%) occurred after a median of 105 days (25th to 75th percentile 31–33 days). Secondary outcomes were recurrent stroke in 7.7% and death in 6.1%. Multivariable‐adjusted analyses identified the rhythm irregularity burden as the strongest AF‐predictor (hazard ratio 3.12, 95% confidence interval 1.62–5.80, p < 0001) while accounting for the known risk factors age, CHA2DS2‐VASc‐Score, and NT‐proBNP. Independent validation confirmed the rhythm irregularity burden as the most significant AF‐predictor (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.45–3.33, p < 0001).InterpretationThe novel, non‐invasive, electrocardiogram‐based rhythm irregularity burden may help adjudicating AF risk after ESUS, and subsequently guide AF‐detection after ESUS. Clinical trials need to clarify if high‐AF risk patients benefit from tailored secondary stroke prevention. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:479–488