bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological network analysis of the carbon metabolism system in mountainous cities based on land-carbon nexus: A case study in the main urban area of Chongqing, China
Authors: Xiang Shujiang , Wang Ying , Deng Hua , Yang Chunmei , Wang Zifang , Gao Ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Land use/cover change (LUCC) under rapid urbanization has led to a sharp increase in urban carbon emissions, an imbalance in carbon budgets, and climate warming. Therefore, the development of urban carbon metabolism research has become key to mitigating global warming and achieving China’s “Dual Carbon” targets. Taking the main urban area of Chongqing, a typical mountainous city in China, as an example, this study accounted for the carbon release and carbon absorption in the main urban area of Chongqing, constructed an urban carbon flow model based on the land-carbon nexus, and finally evaluated the urban carbon metabolic system from 2000 to 2020 by using the ecological network analysis method. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the carbon release of the main urban area of Chongqing was 31.43 times, 31.53 times, 49.43 times, 51.99 times, and 51.58 times that of the carbon absorption in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. The main urban area of Chongqing is dominated by a “carbon source” effect, and the carbon budget imbalance has increased. 2) The net carbon flow in the main urban area of Chongqing has been negative in the past 20 years, showing a fluctuating downward trend. The negative carbon flow mainly comes from the conversion of cultivated land to construction land, and the positive carbon flow mainly comes from the conversion of construction land to cultivated land and woodland. 3) From the flow analysis, it can be seen that the H-index of the main urban area of Chongqing was 0.287, 0.189, 0.094, and 0.330, in respective chronologically ordered 5-year intervals, during the 20-year study period, showing a “V-shaped” change trend. From the perspective of structure analysis, it is clear that the carbon flow contribution level of each component is ranked as follows: cultivated land ＞ construction land ＞ woodland ＞ water ＞ grassland ＞ unused land. The utility analysis shows that the K-index of the main urban area of Chongqing was1.40, 0.80, 0.57, and 1.40, in respective 5-year intervals, during the study period, showing a “U-shaped” change trend. From the function relationship analysis, it can be seen that the ecological relationship of carbon metabolism in the main urban area of Chongqing is dominated by exploitation and control relationships, which mainly exist in the ecological relationship between construction land and cultivated land, and the spatial distribution is concentrated in the central and western areas of the main urban area of Chongqing. Our research results can provide a reference for Chongqing’s green and low-carbon sustainable development as a means toward the realization of the “Dual Carbon” targets, and provide a reference for other similar mountainous cities in western China.
Using the sociotechnical model to conduct a focused usability assessment of a breast reconstruction decision tool
Authors: Foraker Randi , Phommasathit Crystal , Clevenger Kaleigh , Lee Clara , Boateng Jessica , Shareef Napiera , Politi Mary 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: BREASTChoice is a web-based decision tool about breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The current focused usability assessment was designed to elicit patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators for implementing BREASTChoice into the clinical workflow.
Methods: We conducted think-aloud protocols and qualitative interviews with patients and clinicians from two Midwestern medical centers from August 2020 to April 2021. We used the sociotechnical framework to evaluate BREASTChoice’s implementation and sustainability potential according to end-users, human-computer interaction, and contextual factors.
Results: Twelve clinicians and ten patients completed interviews. Using the sociotechnical framework, we determined the following. People Using the Tool: Patients and clinicians agreed that BREASTChoice could help patients make more informed decisions about their reconstruction, and prepare better for their first plastic surgery appointment. Workflow and Communications: They felt that BREASTChoice could improve communication and the decision process if the patient could view the tool before the clinical visit. Clinicians suggested the information from BREASTChoice about patients’ risks and preferences be included in the patient’s chart or the clinician electronic health record (EHR) inbox for accessibility during the consultation. Human Computer Interface: Patients and clinicians stated that the tool contains helpful information, does not require much time for the patient to use, and efficiently fills gaps in knowledge. Although patients found the risk profile information helpful, they reported needing time to read and digest it.
Conclusion: BREASTChoice was perceived as highly usable by patients and clinicians and has the potential for sustainability. Future research will implement and test the tool after integrating the stakeholder-suggested changes to its delivery process and content. It is critical to conduct usability assessments such as these prior to decision tool implementation in order to improve workflow and risk communication.
Persistence of Toscana virus in sugar and blood meals of phlebotomine sand flies: epidemiological and experimental consequences
Authors: Laroche Lison , Ayhan Nazli , Charrel Rémi , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Prudhomme Jorian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Many virological studies have tested the persistence of enveloped RNA viruses in various environmental and laboratory conditions and shown their short-term persistence. In this article, we analyzed Toscana virus (TOSV) infectivity, a pathogenic sandfly-borne phlebovirus, in two different conditions: in the sugar meal and blood meal of sand flies. Our results showed that TOSV RNA was detectable up to 15 days in sugar solution at 26°C and up to 6 hours in blood at 37°C. Moreover, TOSV remains infective for 7 days in sugar solution and for minimum 6 hours in rabbit blood. TOSV has shown persistent infectivity/viability under different conditions, which can lead to important epidemiological consequences and raises new hypotheses about its natural cycle.
Targeting RNA-binding protein HuR to inhibit the progression of renal tubular fibrosis
Authors: Huang Zhimin , Liu Simeng , Tang Anna , Wu Xiaoqing , Aube Jeffrey , Xu Liang , Huang Yufeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Upregulation of an RNA-binding protein HuR has been implicated in glomerular diseases. Herein, we evaluated whether it is involved in renal tubular fibrosis.
Methods
HuR was firstly examined in human kidney biopsy tissue with tubular disease. Second, its expression and the effect of HuR inhibition with KH3 on tubular injury were further assessed in a mouse model induced by a unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR). KH3 (50 mg·kg–1) was given daily via intraperitoneal injection from day 3 to 14 after IR. Last, one of HuR-targeted pathways was examined in cultured proximal tubular cells.
Results
HuR significantly increases at the site of tubular injury both in progressive CKD in patients and in IR-injured kidneys in mice, accompanied by upregulation of HuR targets that are involved in inflammation, profibrotic cytokines, oxidative stress, proliferation, apoptosis, tubular EMT process, matrix remodeling and fibrosis in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. KH3 treatment reduces the IR-induced tubular injury and fibrosis, accompanied by the remarkable amelioration in those involved pathways. A panel of mRNA array further revealed that 519 molecules in mouse kidney following IR injury changed their expression and 71.3% of them that are involved in 50 profibrotic pathways, were ameliorated when treated with KH3. In vitro, TGFβ1 induced tubular HuR cytoplasmic translocation and subsequent tubular EMT, which were abrogated by KH3 administration in cultured HK-2 cells.
Conclusions
These results suggest that excessive upregulation of HuR contributes to renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by dysregulating genes involved in multiple profibrotic pathways and activating the TGFß1/HuR feedback circuit in tubular cells. Inhibition of HuR may have therapeutic potential for tubular fibrosis.
Pelvic three-dimensional ultrasound is a practical tool for assessing anal fistula
Authors: Ren Junyi , Gu Liangrui , Li WeiMei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound for anal fistula.
Methods
Sixty-seven patients (62 males) with anal fistula were included in the study. All patients underwent pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging before the operation.. The type of fistula and the number of internal openings were documented. These parameters were compared with the postoperative outcomes.
Results
At surgery, 11(14%) were intersphincteric, 55(68%) transsphincteric, 10(12%) suprasphincteric and 5(6%) extrasphincteric. There were no significant differences(P > 0.05) in the accuracy rates of pelvic three-dimensional ultrasound and MRI, in terms of anal fistulas (97.01%, 94.03%), internal openings (97.92%, 94.79%) and those under Parks classification (97.53%, 93.83%).
Conclusion
Three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound is an accurate and reproducible method for detecting anal fistulas and internal openings, as well as determining the type of fistula.
Multi-objective optimizing high strength concrete using meta-heuristic genetic algorithm
Authors: masihi mohsen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Reducing the cost of concrete construction as the most expensive building material reduces the overall cost of construction high-strength concrete (HSC). In the present study, to achieve this goal, the mix design of HSC is optimized in terms of strength and price using the meta-heuristic genetic algorithm (HGA). To do this, in the first step, a series of experimental data was considered as basic information and then, a mix design function was obtained to determine 28-day compressive strength and a slump calculation function using meta-HGA m in MATLAB software. In the next step, strength-price function was optimized using the meta HGA by changing the material ratios in the mix design, the price of the materials in each mix design and applying the required conditions of HSC including slump obtained from slump calculation function. Then, a comparison was performed between the results of this algorithm and the regression method, the results showed the better responses of the algorithm compared to regression for both factors of strength and price with the values of 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. In addition, the construction of the mix design resulting from responses of the algorithm and regression in laboratory indicates that more than 97% of the strength was achieved at 28 days of age.
Health professional assisted Kangaroo mother care practice in Ethiopian health care facilities: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, 15million children born prematurely every year and over one million of them died because of premature birth complications. However, three-fourths of deaths from preterm birth complications are preventable without intensive care units. One of the prevention methods is Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). KMC is a method of holding neonate in skin-to skin contact immediately following birth or latter in upright prone position on the maternal chest. An evidence stated that KMC can prevent up to half of all deaths in neonates weighing <2000gm at birth. The Ethiopian government also developed and has been implementing a guideline on putting all low birth weight (LBW) neonates at KMC. The aim of this study was to assess health professionals’ assisted Kangaroo mother care practice and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at health facility in Ethiopia.
Methodology: This study used the 2016Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS). The 2016EDHS used a stratified two stage sampling method to select a representative sample for the country. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. Before analyzing the data, weighting, cluster and strata adjustment were performed to get representative sample and appropriate to population size estimates. The study sample used in this study after cleaning the children’s dataset from the 2016EDHS is 2,760. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between health professional assisted KMC practice and predefined independent variables.
Results: Mothers who gave birth in a health facility and practiced kangaroo mother care were 1808 (62.1%), 95% CI (60.3, 63.9).The remained mothers did not practice KMC, although they gave birth in health facilities under the support of trained health professionals.
In the multivariable logistic regression analysis; only wealth index, poorest (AOR, (95%CI)), (0.60, (0.43, 0.81)), and poorer (0.62, (0.46, 0.86)) socio-economic status were decreasing the practice of health professionals assisted KMC practice.
Conclusions: The coverage of health professional assisted KMC practice was low, which was far lower than the expectation for mothers who gave birth in health facilities. Low socio-economic status (low wealth index) was associated with lack of practicing KMC. The minister of health and research institutes may study further why mothers from low income did not practicing KMC while they are in health facilities’ KMC center.
Discovery of an Ir-ate Catalyst for Ultra-efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with 3S Character (Stable, Speed and Selectivity)
Authors: Yin Congcong , Jiang Yafei , Huang Fanping , Xu Cong-Qiao , Pan Yingmin , Gao Shuang , Chen Gen-Qiang , Ding Xiaobing , Lang Qiwei , Bai Shao-Tao , Li Jun , Zhang Xumu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Reduction of organocarbonyl compounds occupies a large space in organic synthesis and mass production of fuels, chemicals and materials. 1-9 Instead of using stoichiometric reduction agents, the development of ultra-efficient homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts using green dihydrogen is one of the foremost challenges in the transition from chiral resolution toward selective production of chiral entities, as evidenced from the growing capacity and quantity of production plants. 10,11 However, despite useful enantioselectivities (>98% ee) are often obtained in asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of ketones, the celebrated Noyori-type catalysts are currently limited in few million turnover numbers (TONs) and a hundred turnover frequencies (TOFs). 12-24 Challenges especially remain for nitrogen-containing ketones that are relevant to construction of high-value bioactive compounds where at most 10,000 TONs are reported. Here, by integration of the concepts of multidentate ligation and ate-type complex, we report the first ultra-efficient Ir-ate catalyst for highly selective construction of chiral alcohols via AH of ketones with remarkable, biocatalysis-like 3S capacity of >99% ee (enantiomeric excess) selectivity, 13,425,000 turnover number (TON) and 253 s-1 turnover frequency (TOF). With this Ir-ate catalyst a selective industrial route to chiral nicotine at 500 kg batch scale has been established, already providing 40 tons of product. Mechanistic studies reveal a novel ONa/MH bifunctional mechanism of the Ir-ate catalyst. Such concept is yet to be explored and may have a major impact in applied homogeneous catalysis.
Wolfram Syndrome: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Danyang Du , Tuhuti Aihemaitijiang , Yanrong Ma , Abuduniyimu Munila , Suli Li , Guoying Ma , Zynat Jazyra , Guo Yanying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem neurodegenerative disease, mainly with diabetes, optic atrophy, sensorineural deafness, and diabetes as the main features. Because of clinical phenotype heterogeneity, its misdiagnosed rate is high. However, early accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management is the key to improving the quality of life and prolonging life.
Results:This study reported 11 patients from 7 WS pedigrees with 10 mutation sites (c.1314_1317delCTTT, c.C529T, c.C529A, c.G2105A, c.C1885T, c.1859_1860del, c.G2020A, c.C529A, c.G2105A, c.G1393C) of the WFS1 gene.We further conducted expert department analysis to clarify the diagnosis and analyze the correlation between gene and phenotype.
Conclusions: We found that the genotype of the patients was closely related with the phenotype. And the genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed combined with the clinical data of the patients, to provide the basis for the diagnosis and clinical management of the disease.
Clinical profile and outcome of children with shock admitted at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa
Authors: Gellan Tewodros Gulema , Bedada Sisay Degefa , Besir Fikretsion Degemu , Tesfaye Michael Hawlet , Biratu Mulualeme Nigusie , Shifa Desalegn Mechal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Shock is an acute syndrome characterized by the body's inability to deliver adequate oxygen to meet the metabolic demands of vital organs and tissues. Early diagnosis and initiation of aggressive management is critical before it reaches irreversible stage and finally death occurs
Objective: To determine the prevalence, type, outcome and determinants of outcome of shock in children at Saint Paul hospital Millennium Medical College.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020 at Saint Paul hospital Millennium Medical College, a tertiary teaching hospital. All Children above neonatal age with a diagnosis of shock was included in the study.
Results: Out of 1605 patients seen in the pediatric department 31 (1.9%) of them were diagnosed with shock. The most common type of shock was hypovolemic shock (64.2%) followed by septic shock (32.3%) and only 1 patient with a diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. Most of the participants were below the age of two years (74.2%). Mortality rate was 25.8%. Highest mortality was seen in septic shock (50%) and in hypovolemic shock (15%). Significant correlation was found between hypoglycemia, need of mechanical ventilation support, multi organ dysfunction and poor outcome with P value of 0.038, 0.04, and 0.00 respectively.
Conclusion: Hypovolemic shock was the commonest type of shock. Septic shock carries the highest mortality. Hypoglycemia, need of MV support, and MOD was significantly related with poor outcome
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Knowledge on Using Antibiotics and Gas Reducers in Pangas (Pangasius pangasius) Fish Health Management
Authors: Kuri Subrato Kumar , Riday Ifran Ahmed , Uddin Md. Nasir , Vines Karen A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most fish farmers of the global south had limited knowledge on how or why to use aqua drugs. The study was undertaken mainly to explore the extent of knowledge of pangas (Pangasius pangasius) fish farmers on using antibiotics and gas reducers in Pangasius fish health management. Moreover, the study will explore the factors, which affect farmers knowledge on using antibiotics and gas reducers in Pangasius fish health management. For the first time, we divide the knowledge in to four dimensions, including factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive dimensions to understand farmers’ knowledge on different aspects of using aqua drugs and merged with Innovation-decision model. The study was conducted at Bailar union under Trishal Upazila (sub-district) of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. All pangas fish farmers’ (87) in the study area were considered as a population while 72 farmers were selected as sample by random sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used for data collection using face to face survey method in winter 2022 following a quantitative correlational approach. Findings showed that survey participants had better knowledge of conceptual dimensions that is followed by metacognitive, procedural, and factual knowledge and age, education, annual income, experience, extension media contact, mixed antibiotics in feed before feeding, and pond management were identified as influential determinants of the farmers’ knowledge. The findings of this study will be implemented by different government and non-government extension organizations to enhance the knowledge of the farmers on using antibiotics and gas reducers to manage pangas fish health. Thus, in the long run, the findings of this study will help the practitioners and policy planners to create situations, which will help to produce better quality pangas fish that is safe for humans and the environment.
Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals key genes and secondary metabolites of Casuarina casuarina in response to drought stress
Authors: Zhang Shike , He Chunmei , Jian Shuguang , Wei Long , Liu Nan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia is drought resistant, salt resistant, and able to grow in barren environments. It is often used to reduce wind damage, to prevent sand erosion, and to help establish plant communities in tropical and subtropical coastal zones. To determine the basis for its drought resistance, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of young branchlets under a non-drought treatment (D_0h) and 2-, 12-, and 24-h-long drought treatments (D_2h, D_12h, and D_24h). A total of 5033 and 8159 differentially expressed genes were identified in D_0h/D_2h and D_0h/D_24h. These DEGs are involved in plant hormone signal transduction, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. A total of 148 and 168 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified in D_0h/D_12h and D_0h/D_24h. These differentially accumulated metabolites are mainly amino acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. In conclusion, C. equisetifolia responds to drought by regulating plant hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of JA, flavonoids, and phenylpropane. These results increase the understanding of drought resistance in C. equisetifolia and provide new insights into coastal vegetation reconstruction and management.
Warming or cooling? The impact of heavy summer rainfall on permafrost environments
Authors: Hamm Alexandra , Magnússon Rúna , Jan Ahmad , Frampton Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Permafrost thaw can cause an intensification of climate change through the release of carbon as greenhouse gases. While the effect of air temperature on permafrost thaw is well quantified, the effect of rainfall is highly variable and not well understood. Here, we provide the first meta-analysis of studies reporting on effects of rainfall on ground temperatures in permafrost environments and use a numerical model to explore the underlying physical mechanisms under different climatic conditions. Both the evaluated body of literature and the model simulations indicate that continental climates are likely to show a warming of the subsoil and hence increased end of season active layer thickness, while maritime climates tend to respond with a slight cooling effect. This suggests that dry regions with warm summers are prone to more rapid permafrost degradation under increased occurrences of heavy rainfall events in the future, which can potentially accelerate the permafrost carbon feedback.