bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Genetic Variability and Correlation Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Srija Katpally , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Snehapriya Pydi , Lavanya G. R. 
Published: November 2022

The present investigation were to assess the Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis and path coefficient analysis for chickpea(Cicer arietinum.L) genotypes for 13 quantitative traits during Rabi 2021-2022 at field experiment center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh . To perform the study, 13 quantitative traits of 31 chickpea genotypes were measured using Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The mean sum of Squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all the characters under study at 1% level of significance. The estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variation found higher than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation which indicates the presence of environment effect on expression on characters studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the traits like Number of pods per plant, Seed yield per plant, Harvest index and Biological yield per plant Indicates that most likely the heritability might be due to additive gene effect and selection may be effective segregating generations for improvement of traits. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation with Plant height, Seed index, Biological yield per plant , Number of secondary branches and Number of pods per plant was found to possess positive significant association with grain yield per plant both genotypic and phenotypic level. Further, correlation and path analysis also proved the importance of Plant height, Seed index and Harvest index. Hence, they could be used as selection indices for further improvement in Chickpea varieties.
Temporal Dynamics of Metabolic Acquisition in Grafted Engineered Human Liver Tissue
Authors: Fortin Chelsea L. , McCray Tara N. , Saxton Sarah H. , Johansson Fredrik , Andino Christian B. , Mene Jonathan , Wang Yuliang , Stevens Kelly R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiver disease affects millions globally, and end‐stage liver failure is only cured by organ transplant. Unfortunately, there is a growing shortage of donor organs as well as inequitable access to transplants across populations. Engineered liver tissue grafts that supplement or replace native organ function can address this challenge. While engineered liver tissues have been successfully engrafted previously, the extent to which these tissues express human liver metabolic genes and proteins remains unknown. Here, it is built engineered human liver tissues and characterized their engraftment, expansion, and metabolic phenotype at sequential stages post‐implantation by RNA sequencing, histology, and host serology. Expression of metabolic genes is observed at weeks 1–2, followed by the cellular organization into hepatic cords by weeks 4–9.5. Furthermore, grafted engineered tissues exhibited progressive spatially restricted expression of critical functional proteins known to be zonated in the native human liver. This is the first report of engineered human liver tissue zonation after implantation in vivo, which can have important translational implications for this field.
Over 13% Efficient Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Adjusting the Conjugated‐Length of Intermediate PBDB‐T Block
Authors: Yang Xinrong , Wu Yao , Gao Yuan , Guo Jing , Wang Wei , Min Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBatch‐to‐batch variation widely exists in conjugated donor‐acceptor (D‐A) block copolymer materials and plays a crucial role in photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). To investigate the influence of conjugated‐length of the intermediate block on the performance of single‐component OSC (SCOSCs), herein, four batches of conjugated block copolymers (CBCs, PB‐b‐PY‐1, PB‐b‐PY‐2, PB‐b‐PY‐3, and PB‐b‐PY‐4) are synthesized, which possess different D/A block lengths. As the conjugation length of intermediate D‐block increases, the lamellar packing order of these CBCs shows a monotonically increasing trend, leading to stronger absorption spectra in the visible region, efficient charge transfer, and suppressed carrier recombination loss. Consequently, the PB‐b‐PY‐4 device yields a higher efficiency of 13.28% than those of other CBCs. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the conjugated length of intermediate D‐blocks in designing high‐performance conjugated D‐A block copolymers, which paves the way toward developing high‐performance SCOSCs.
Robust Magnetic Order Upon Ultrafast Excitation of an Antiferromagnet
Authors: Lee Sang‐Eun , Windsor Yoav William , Fedorov Alexander , Kliemt Kristin , Krellner Cornelius , Schüßler‐Langeheine Christian , Pontius Niko , Wolf Martin , Atxitia Unai , Vyalikh Denis V. , Rettig Laurenz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ultrafast manipulation of magnetic order due to optical excitation is governed by the intricate flow of energy and momentum between the electron, lattice, and spin subsystems. While various models are commonly employed to describe these dynamics, a prominent example being the microscopic three temperature model (M3TM), systematic, quantitative comparisons to both the dynamics of energy flow and magnetic order are scarce. Here, an M3TM was applied to the ultrafast magnetic order dynamics of the layered antiferromagnet GdRh2Si2. The femtosecond dynamics of electronic temperature, surface ferromagnetic order, and bulk antiferromagnetic order were explored at various pump fluences employing time‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and time‐resolved resonant magnetic soft X‐ray diffraction, respectively. After optical excitation, both the surface ferromagnetic order and the bulk antiferromagnetic order dynamics exhibit two‐step demagnetization behaviors with two similar timescales (<1 ps, ∼10 ps), indicating a strong exchange coupling between localized 4f and itinerant conduction electrons. Despite a good qualitative agreement, the M3TM predicts larger demagnetization than the experimental observation, which can be phenomenologically described by a transient, fluence‐dependent increased Néel temperature. The results indicate that effects beyond a mean‐field description have to be considered for a quantitative description of ultrafast magnetic order dynamics.
A Generative Meta‐Atom Model for Metasurface‐Based Absorber Designs
Authors: Ding Wei , Chen Jian , Wu Rui‐xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces (MS) are widely accepted in the devices, such as absorbers, to improve their performances. MS provide new design freedoms, however, they also result in complexity in designs because of the high‐dimensional topological space of meta‐atoms, and high computational costs in the optimization procedure. To alleviate this challenge, a generative meta‐atom model that generates the pattern and corresponding electromagnetic (EM) responses of meta‐atoms, specialized for absorbing applications is developed. The model is established by the convolutional variational autoencoder (CVAE), and a deep neural network (DNN). The model is verified by designing different types of absorbers with the evolutionary algorithm, and an ultrabroadband lower profile absorber at low microwave frequencies is achieved. The realized metasurface‐based absorber (MSA) covers the frequency range from 1.4 to 18 GHz at the criteria of return loss (RL) −10 dB with a thickness of 8 mm, which is validated by experiments. This work provides an effective and highly efficient way to design high‐performance MSA, which can be easily extended to other metasurface‐based functional devices.
An Optically Transparent Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface with Low Angular Sensitivity
Authors: Liang Jing Cheng , Gao Yuan , Cheng Zhang Wen , Jiang Rui Zhe , Dai Jun Yan , Zhang Lei , Cheng Qiang , Jin Shi , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have attracted extensive attentions from the communication community due to their powerful wavefront manipulation and signal modulation abilities. Optically transparent RISs are needed in some scenarios requiring both optical transparency and high‐quality communication services. In RIS‐based wireless communications, the channel reciprocity is an important factor to be considered since the electromagnetic responses of RISs usually depend on the incident and receiving angles. To address this problem, an optically transparent 2‐bit RIS with low angular sensitivity is proposed. By applying a transparent dielectric substrate and metal‐mesh‐based patterns, the designed RIS achieves a light transmittance of 49.3%. Both the simulation and measurement results demonstrate the low angular sensitivity at transverse magnetic incidence from 0° to 60°. Moreover, beam steering experiments under various coding sequences and various incident angles are simulated and measured, and the results are consistent with the theoretically predicted results. A further study on the broadcast mode of the RIS shows that its phase response is weakly dependent to the incident and receiving directions.
Revisiting the Dielectric Breakdown in a Polycrystalline Ferroelectric: A Phase‐Field Simulation Study
Authors: Khondabi Mohammad , Ahmadvand Hossein , Javanbakht Mahdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo understand the dielectric breakdown in a polycrystalline ferroelectric, a thorough phase field simulation has been performed by introducing a new degradation function. Time and position evolution of breakdown path, electric field dependence of breakdown time, and the effect of several parameters such as grain orientation, dielectric constant of grain and grain‐boundaries (GBs), thickness of GBs (), and grain size () on the threshold breakdown electric field, , are investigated. The results indicate that is improved with decreasing dielectric constant. The dependence of on grain size and GB's thickness obeys a power function () and (), respectively. The results help to engineer the grains and GBs properties and achieve a high breakdown electric field, which is very important in energy‐storage applications.
Readily processed multifunctional SiC catalytic filter for industrial emissions control
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yin Yongliang , Low Ze‐Xian , Yuan Kai , Wei Wei , Zeng Yiqing , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne step fabrication of SiC catalytic filter is currently limited by the mismatched calcination temperature between SiC filter (>1700°C) and the catalysts (<800°C), and the difficulty in the chemical immobilization of catalysts. Here, a SrTi1−xCoxO3‐SiC (STC‐SiC) catalytic filter was directly fabricated from raw SiC grains and STC precursor oxides (SrCO3, TiO2, and Co3O4) via a single‐step reactive thermal processing (SRTP) approach, which significantly reduced energy consumption and sintering time over 50%. Acid etching enables the active TiO2 and Co3O4 nanoparticles spontaneously formed on STC catalysts in STC‐SiC catalytic filter (STC‐SiC‐A), which induces the generation of oxygen vacancies and facilitates the adsorption and activation of O2 and NO. The STC‐SiC‐A catalytic filter exhibits highly competitive NO oxidation of 60% and complete dust interception (100%) at 360°C. This work demonstrates an efficient and rapid processing technique of SiC based catalytic filters, which can also be implemented on other ceramic‐based catalytic filters.
Economic impacts and nutritional outcomes of the 2017 floods in Bangladeshi Shodagor fishing families
Authors: Starkweather Kathrine E. , Keith Monica H. , Zohora Fatema tuz , Alam Nurul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAs climate change continues to increase the frequency and severity of flooding in Bangladesh and globally, it becomes increasingly critical to understand the pathways through which flooding influences health outcomes, particularly in lower‐income and subsistence‐based communities. We aim to assess economic pathways that link flooding to nutritional outcomes among Shodagor fishing families in Bangladesh.MethodsWe examine longitudinal economic data on kilograms of fish caught, the income earned from those fish, and household food expenditures (as a proxy for dietary intake) from before, during, and after severe flooding in August–September of 2017 to enumerate the impacts of flooding on Shodagor economics and nutrition. We also analyze seasonally collected anthropometric data to model the effects of flooding and household food expenditures on child growth rates and changes to adult body size.ResultsWhile Shodagor fishing income declined during the 2017 flooding, food expenditures simultaneously spiked with market inflation, and rice became the predominant expenditure only during and immediately following the flood. Our nutritional models show that children and adults lost more body mass in households that spent more money on rice during the flood. Shodagor children lost an average of 0.36 BMI‐for‐age z‐scores and adults lost an average of 0.32 BMI units during the flooded 2017 rainy season, and these metrics continued to decline across subsequent seasons and did not recover by the end of the study period in 2019.ConclusionsThese results show major flood‐induced economic impacts that contributed to loss of child and adult body mass among Shodagor fishing families in Bangladesh. More frequent and severe flooding will exacerbate these nutritional insults, and more work is needed to effectively stabilize household nutrition throughout natural disasters and economic hardship.
Charge Density Overcomes Steric Hindrance of Ferrocene Surfactant in Switchable Oil‐in‐Dispersion Emulsions
Authors: Liu Yunshan , Zhang Haojie , Zhang Wanqing , Binks Bernard P. , Cui Zhenggang , Jiang Jianzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA ferrocene surfactant can be switched between single and double head form (FcN+C12/Fc+N+C12) triggered by redox reaction. FcN+C12 can neither stabilize an O/W emulsion alone nor an oil‐in‐dispersion emulsion in combination with alumina nanoparticles due to the steric hindrance of the ferrocene group. However, such steric hindrance can be overcome by increasing the charge density in Fc+N+C12, so that oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions can be co‐stabilized by Fc+N+C12 and alumina nanoparticles at very low concentrations (1×10−7 M (≈50 ppb) and 0.001 wt %, respectively). Not only can reversible formation/destabilization of oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions be achieved by redox reaction, but also reversible transformation between oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions and Pickering emulsions can be obtained through reversing the charge of alumina particles by adjusting the pH. The results provide a new protocol for the design of surfactants for stabilization of smart oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions.
Asymmetric oxygen‐functionalized carbon nanotubes dispersed in polysulfone forCO2separation
Authors: Costa Flores Marcelo , Figueiredo Kátia Cecília de Souza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide separation from flue gases is an important challenge to be faced. Membrane processes are a promising alternative to increase technical and economical constraints once the development of materials with superior characteristics are attained. Integrally asymmetric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by dry/wet phase inversion process of polysulfone (PSF) containing oxygen‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT‐O). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of MWNT‐O in MMMs. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that MMMs are stable up to 150°C. Photomicrographs from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that MMMs consist of an asymmetric structure with a skin layer supported on a sponge‐like substructure. The pore size of the support of MMMs increased with MWNT‐O content from 0.4 to 0.8 wt.% and the thickness of the dense layer decreased. However, when the content of MWNT‐O increased to 1 wt.%, the pore size decreased, and the dense layer increased. Therefore, MMMs changed CO2separation performance. For 1 wt.% MWNT‐O loading compared to the neat polymer, CO2permeance and CO2/N2selectivity was increased from 1.5 to 2.7 GPU, and from 9.5 to 14.3, respectively.
Tuning the index of refraction of a polyvinyl toluene and polystyrene copolymer toward a heterogenous, index‐matched neutron detector
Authors: Thorum Aaron J. , Allred David D. , Pitt William G. , Munro Troy R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne class of neutron detectors for illicit nuclear materials are capture‐gated detectors, which use organic scintillators to slow neutrons while emitting fluorescent light and elements that have high neutron capture cross‐sections to provide a second signal. Homogeneous detectors composed of neutron capturing metallo‐organics within plastic darken due to their chemical instability, while heterogeneous detectors frequently result in non‐transparent material due to a mismatch of the refractive index. These detectors are often polymerized through bulk polymerization, but there is little data available on this process applied to mixtures of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl toluene (PVT), two commonly used polymers in plastic scintillators. This work presents bulk polymerization processing toward an index‐matched, heterogeneous capture‐gated neutron detector based on PS and PVT copolymers with a range of refractive indices. Specifically 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 PS:PVT ratios were manufactured and their refractive indices, measured by refractometry, were compared to a theoretical model based on a mixture of the refractive indices of pure PS and PVT. Finally, a composite of PS/PVT and an Ohara S‐BAL42 glass was developed to confirm the index‐matching capability of the process as a step toward developing a heterogenous, capture‐gated neutron detector with high light transmission efficiencies allowed by index‐matched materials.
Processing efficiency in pediatric cancer survivors: A review and operationalization for outcomes research and clinical utility
Authors: Trapani Julie A. , Murdaugh Donna L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveChildhood cancer and cancer‐related treatments disrupt brain development and maturation, placing survivors at risk for cognitive late effects. Given that assessment tools vary widely across researchers and clinicians, it has been daunting to identify distinct patterns in outcomes across diverse cancer types and to implement systematic neurocognitive screening tools. This review aims to operationalize processing efficiency skill impairment—or inefficient neural processing as measured by working memory and processing speed abilities—as a worthwhile avenue for continued study within the context of childhood cancer.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the existing research on cognitive late effects and biopsychosocial risk factors in order to conceptualize processing efficiency skill trends in childhood cancer survivors.ResultsWhile a frequently reported pattern of neurobiological (white matter) and cognitive (working memory and processing speed) disruption is consistent with processing efficiency skill impairment, these weaknesses have not yet been fully operationalized in this population. We offer a theoretical model that highlights the impacts of a host of biological and environmental factors on the underlying neurobiological substrates of cancer survivors that precede and may even predict long‐term cognitive outcomes and functional abilities following treatment.ConclusionThe unified construct of processing efficiency may be useful in assessing and communicating neurocognitive skills in both outcomes research and clinical practice. Deficits in processing efficiency may serve as a possible indicator of cognitive late effects and functional outcomes due to the unique relationship between processing efficiency skills and neurobiological disruption following cancer treatment. Continued research along these lines is crucial for advancing childhood cancer outcomes research and improving quality of life for survivors.
Preparation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Turpiniae Folium and Its Antioxidative, Anti‐Inflammatory Activities and Antiproliferative Effect on VSMCs
Authors: Yan Jing , Zhao Ling‐Jia , Li Ya‐Mei , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Lin Li‐Mei , Xia Bo‐Hou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTurpiniae Folium, the dried leaves of Turpinia arguta Seem., is a kind of historic traditional Chinese medicine. Here, based on our previous study, we extracted the Turpiniae Folium polysaccharides (TFP) and isolated three polysaccharide fractions from TFP. Then, TFP and one of the major polysaccharide fractions (TFP‐1a) were identified through HPLC, HPGPC, and ATR‐FTIR. Furthermore, the evaluations of their antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory activities and inhibitory effect on angiotensin II‐induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSCMs) proliferation in vitro were conducted. Both TFP and TFP‐1a showed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelating activities, and exerted strong anti‐inflammatory activity. Moreover, TFP and TFP‐1a also possessed a strong inhibitory effect on Ang II‐induced VSCMs proliferation. On these premises, we inferred that TFP and TFP‐1a could be potential and promising natural antioxidants, anti‐inflammatory agents, and implicated to treat cardiovascular disease.
Comparative study of brown rice and germinated brown rice for nutritional composition, in vitro starch digestibility, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and microstructural properties
Authors: Jabeen Rifat , Hussain Syed Zameer , Jan Nusrat , Fatima Tabasum , Naik Haroon Rashid , Jabeen Abida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBrown rice is rarely consumed as a staple food due to its dark appearance and hard texture. However, germination can improve the taste, nutritional composition, and phenolic content, of brown rice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the pasting properties, thermal properties, nutritional profile, in vitro starch digestibility, bioactive compounds {particularly γ –aminobutyric acid (GABA), and γ‐oryzanol}, morphological and antioxidant characteristics of ungerminated brown rice (UGBR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) of one of the most commonly consumed rice varieties (Jhelum) of Northern Highland Himalayan regions.FindingsWhen compared with UGBR, GBR exhibited lower pasting viscosities but gelatinization temperatures were observed to be higher. Germination increased the total free amino acids, protein, total and reducing sugars, while resistant starch, apparent amylose content, and slowly digestible starch decreased. L* value minimized while a* and b* maximized upon germination. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the continuous matrix structure of starch granules was severely damaged after germination. Total phenolic contents, GABA, γ‐oryzanol, and antioxidant properties (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were improved while phytic acid, pyridoxine, niacin, and thiamine contents were reduced in brown rice after germination.ConclusionGermination caused significant changes in the nutritional profile of brown rice. Specifically, it improved GABA and γ‐oryzanol levels and lowered the phytic acid contents of brown rice.NoveltyJhelum is one of the most commonly consumed rice varieties in Northern Highland Himalayan regions. In the present study, germination significantly improved the biologically active compounds in Jhelum. Therefore, regular consumption of GBR of the said variety may help in preventing the various chronic disorders in Northern Himalayan regions where rice is a staple food.