bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing short-term crime prediction with human mobility flows and deep learning architectures
Authors: Wu Jiahui , Abrar Saad Mohammad , Awasthi Naman , Frias-Martinez Enrique , Frias-Martinez Vanessa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlace-based short-term crime prediction models leverage the spatio-temporal patterns of historical crimes to predict aggregate volumes of crime incidents at specific locations over time. Under the umbrella of the crime opportunity theory, that suggests that human mobility can play a role in crime generation, increasing attention has been paid to the predictive power of human mobility in place-based short-term crime models. Researchers have used call detail records (CDR), data from location-based services such as Foursquare or from social media to characterize human mobility; and have shown that mobility metrics, together with historical crime data, can improve short-term crime prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose to use a publicly available fine-grained human mobility dataset from a location intelligence company to explore the effects of human mobility features on short-term crime prediction. For that purpose, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation across multiple cities with diverse demographic characteristics, different types of crimes and various deep learning models; and we show that adding human mobility flow features to historical crimes can improve the F1 scores for a variety of neural crime prediction models across cities and types of crimes, with improvements ranging from 2% to 7%. Our analysis also shows that some neural architectures can slightly improve the crime prediction performance when compared to non-neural regression models by at most 2%.
AI, Time-lapse and Biomarkers: What Can We Expect in the Next Decade?
Authors: GARDNER David K. 
Published: November 2022

For 40 years we have relied upon morphological assessment of the human embryo for its selection for transfer. With the advent of time-lapse microscopy (TLM), we have been able examine the timings of key developmental events and create algorithms to further advance embryo selection. However, such algorithms do not utilise all available data. Artificial intelligence (AI) can utilise the hundreds of successive images of each embryo as it develops to produce highly predictive rankings. This approach increases the speed of assessment, while decreasing variation typically associated with the subjective analysis of individual embryologists. Therefore, AI represents a means to increase both accuracy and standardisation of embryo selection. In the IVF laboratory, beyond its current function in embryo selection, AI will be used for gamete selection prior to fertilisation, and to increase laboratory function by its integration into Quality Control and Management systems. Although TLM combined with AI holds great potential, it does not quantitate the physiological status of the embryo. Analysis of spent culture medium has revealed that metabolism (glucose uptake and the utilisation of amino acids) of the human blastocyst is related to pregnancy. Currently, analysis of metabolic function by individual embryos requires highly specialised technologies, but with the advent of microfluidics and microfabrication we are entering an era of novel benchtop technologies capable of rapid single embryo analysis. Subsequently, it is envisaged that AI will be used in combination with TLM and the analysis of spent culture medium (to quantitate metabolism and plausibly cell-free DNA), to identify non-invasively the healthiest embryo for transfer.
Research Outcomes Following Uterus Transplantation at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Authors: GEORGEVSKY Dana , LI Ying , PATHER Selvan , TEJADAS-BERGES Trevor , ROBINSON David , LAURENCE Jerome , CAMPBELL Neil , WYBURN Kate , LIYANAGAMA Keith , NARAYAN Rajit , LUTZ Tracey , CHAN Agnes , HEANEY Sally-Ann , KITZING Yu Xuan , ANDERSON Lyndal , TESTA Giuliano , JOHANNESSON Liza , MARREN Anthony 
Published: November 2022

Background: Absolute Uterine Factor infertility (AUFI) can be congenital such as Mayer-Rokitansky Küster syndrome (MRKH), or acquired resulting from conditions rendering the uterus non-functional or following a hysterectomy. In 2014 the first successful uterus transplant (UT) was achieved in Sweden. This sparked widespread interest, and many countries have established UT trials. In 2019 Royal Prince Alfred hospital was the first site in Australia to receive ethical approval for a UT protocol. As part of this trial research outcomes will be collected. Aim: • To determine if UT is an effective, safe, and operationally viable option for women with AUFI in order to achieve live birth. • To collect research outcomes which will contribute to an international bio-bank for future research opportunities. Method: Approved donor/recipient pairs will be invited to participate in the research components of the trial. This will involve completing various questionnaires to assess clinical outcomes before and after the procedure, as well as providing additional blood and cervical tissue samples which will be stored for future research projects. Conclusion: UT is a relatively new procedure, with significant scope for basic research opportunities. Due to the infancy of UT it is pivotal that all centers are diligent in collecting research outcomes and contributing to an international data registry to aid in proving the necessity of UT as a clinical treatment for woman with AUFI.
Random Families: Genetic Strangers, Sperm Donor Siblings and the Creation of New Kin
Authors: HERTZ Rosanna 
Published: November 2022

Unprecedented families formed by sperm donor siblings have grown up at the intersection of new reproductive technologies, social media, and the human desire for belonging. As the Internet has expanded, parents (and their children) who shared the same donor have discovered that they can connect. When they meet, they wonder: What does it mean to be a donor sibling? Do shared genes make you family? Does “family” even describe our relationship? In an era in which conventional families are shrinking, the idea of connecting with genetically related strangers offers opportunities and risks. Hertz will discuss the contemporary interplay of genetics, social interaction, and culture expectations in an effort to explain the emergence of web-based donor sibling networks. Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, her talk is based upon over 350 interviews with donor-conceived children, their parents and donors from her co-authored book, Random Families.
Online Semen Donors — Why Not?
Authors: KERNER Rebecca 
Published: November 2022

Increasing numbers of single women and couples are looking to online semen donors to help create their families. While on-line platforms may appear to provide a quicker and easier pathway to parenthood, this choice carries significant medical and legal risks. As part of our advocacy work in patient centred care, the fertility counsellors in ANZICA believe it is important to identify and bring to attention any significant concerns that might have serious implications for individuals and couples trying to conceive. In doing this however, we also have a duty to seek out new ways to provide more accessible forms to treatment for those who may not come with an infertility problem. This session will introduce a new patient centred resource that highlights some of the risks and pitfalls of using an online semen donor. It also offers guidance and support for those looking to create their family using home insemination and explores some new ideas on how we might better meet the needs of these women and couples. The resource aims to empower all involved to make fully informed choices, based on thorough consideration of their needs and health, and the safety and legal rights of everyone involved. Importantly the focus will include the long-term outcomes for children born through donation.
Mitochondrial Donation — Ethical Considerations
Authors: NEWSON Ainsley 
Published: November 2022

Background: Mitochondrial donation is an assisted reproductive technology that can be used to avoid transmission of mitochondrially encoded mitochondrial DNA disease from women to their children. The Australian government is currently considering whether to legalise mitochondrial donation for clinical use. Aim: This presentation will elucidate and reflect on the main ethical issues that arise in mitochondrial donation. Method: This presentation will utilise methods of bioethics scholarship, which includes presenting concepts and/or issues and critically reflecting on them. A goal of bioethics scholarship is to come to a normative position about what should happen and how this should be justified. Results: Ethical issues do arise in the development and clinical use of mitochondrial donation. Those particularly relevant in relation to the proposed use of mitochondrial donation in Australia include responsibility for safety, equity of access, the heritability of the changes to the germ-line, the value of genetic kinship, oocyte donor anonymity, the choice not to use this technology and follow-up of children over time. Conclusion: Mitochondrial donation offers a promising additional reproductive option for those with a high chance of transmitting mitochondrially encoded mitochondrial disease. Ethical implementation of mitochondrial donation in Australia necessitates consideration of numerous ethical issues, not all of which have yet been given appropriate attention.
Management of Azoospermia Due to Spermatogenic Dysfunction
Authors: NIEDERBERGER Craig 
Published: November 2022

When I was taking my urology boards 30 years ago, a question on the exam was how to treat an azoospermic man with an FSH level of 2 to 3 times normal, and the answer was to counsel to adopt. So much has changed in those intervening years: the most common patient that I treat today is exactly that man, and a live birth is achieved in approximately 70%. Between then and now, what made reproductive success possible in this previously hopeless clinical scenario was the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and the ability to use it with testicular sperm derived from a microsurgical systematic survey of seminiferous tubule size and quality. However, treatment of the male lags behind that of the female for a variety of reasons, with the principle one being male gametogenesis is longer and less easily observed than the female. The quick weeks of ovulation may be followed by ultrasound, but with months long spermatogenesis and its tiny sperms, should they only exist in the testis and not in the ejaculate, the only way of knowing what’s happening in the testis is to do surgery. Fortunately, the binary outcome of sperm or not is providing us with means to test endocrine stimulatory protocols in the male similar to those in the female that have made in-vitro fertilization so successful. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue is another advance making these procedures more convenient for patients and physicians, and importantly, knowing whether biological gametes from the male are available for IVF.
Mosaicism in Human Embryos: What Do We Know?
Authors: STOCK-MYER Sharyn E. 
Published: November 2022

Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) involves performing aneuploidy testing on the small number of cells biopsied from a preimplantation embryo. It is well established that aneuploidy is a common cause of implantation failure and miscarriage. In an ideal world, a measure of the chromosome status of the cells from the embryo would produce a highly specific result that would predict the fate of that embryo. One of the difficulties with PGT-A however, has been putative chromosomal mosaicism present in a proportion of tested embryos. Chromosome mosaicism became more widely reported following the use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as a tool for performing PGT-A. This was due to the higher dynamic range of the NGS profiles that made mosaicism in the trophectoderm biopsy more visible. Around this same time the first study was published that followed the transfer of 18 mosaic embryos, resulting in the birth of six healthy babies ( Greco et al 2015 ). Since then, several publications have described the results of mosaic embryo transfers, including the work by Viotti et al 2021 which summarised the results of transferring 1000 mosaic embryos. These studies have the common theme that a mosaic embryo result does not clearly predict a negative pregnancy outcome, unlike a uniform aneuploid result. However, it may predict a reduced chance of pregnancy, and an increased chance of miscarriage, depending on the type of mosaicism. Reassuringly, a mosaic result in an embryo also does not seem to indicate a higher chance of having a baby with an abnormality than euploid embryos. Chromosomally mosaic embryos should not be discarded and should be considered for use with appropriate counselling of the patients.
Debate: Are We Limiting the Potential of Oocytes by Not Using ICSI for All? - ICSI Should be Used for Most IVF Cycles
Authors: YOVICH John L. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Following earlier studies introducing an IVF-ICSI Split model on couples with unexplained infertility to avoid the scenario of unexplained failed or poor fertilization, PIVET has adopted a high ICSI rate approaching 90%, whereas the general rate among Australian facilities is around 60%. Aim: To compare the embryology and clinical outcomes in an IVF program where ICSI is applied beyond male-factor reasons and applies an IVF-ICSI Split protocol for IVF-naïve women with unexplained infertility. Method: This observational study with retrospective data analysis reports on autologous IVF± ICSI procedures conducted over the period 2011 to 2019 with follow-up of ensuing pregnancies through 2020. Results: Using autologous oocytes, 2343 women had 3434 IVF± ICSI cycles with 84.5% of women had 88.9% of initiated treatment cycles using ICSI and only 5.3% of women had 4.0% of cycles by IVF. The remaining 10.1% of women utilised the IVF-ICSI Split model for the remaining 7.2% of cycles. It was shown that oocyte fertilisation rates were significantly higher for ICSI (p<0.0001), but not significant for women >40 years. The utilisation rates of the ensuing embryos were [Formula: see text]45% across all ages with no significant differences across the ages, except for those small numbers of women [Formula: see text] 45 years who had a higher rate from IVF-generated embryos (p<0.0002). Pregnancy outcomes were higher from ICSI-generated embryos across the age groups, being especially marked among the younger women <40 years (p<0.0001). Miscarriage rates were lowest for the IVF-generated pregnancies (overall 6.7% vs 22.8%, p<0.0001) but nevertheless the final live birth productivity rates per initiated treatment cycle remained higher from the ICSI-generated pregnancies (56.5% vs 46.3%; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Although this study does not meet the highest standards for EBM, it emanates from a pioneer facility with >40 years of published activity and which practices 90% blastocyst transfers in >90% SET cycles. The study supports a high ICSI rate of 90% and an IVF-ICSI Split rate of 10%.
Application of Ex-Vivo In Vitro Maturation (IVM) to Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients
Authors: GILCHRIST Robert B. , RICHANI Dulama , CULLINAN Rosemarie , DALATI Sarah , TILIA Liza , ANAZODO Antoinette , LEDGER William L. , RODGERS Rachael J. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a reproductive technology that generates mature oocytes from patients who have received minimal or no ovarian stimulation (OS). The minimal-stimulation feature of IVM makes it a valuable option for cancer patients requiring fertility preservation (FP), before chemo- or radiotherapy. When ovarian tissue is collected for cryopreservation (OTC), only the ovarian cortex is preserved whereas the ovarian medulla containing growing follicles is discarded. To maximise the future fertility prospects for cancer patients, OTC should be coupled with a modified form of IVM, termed ex-vivo IVM, in which immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are collected from antral follicles. Aim: To examine the utility of emergency ex-vivo IVM for FP. Method: A 31-year-old woman diagnosed with locally invasive appendiceal cancer required urgent FP as there was no time for conventional OS egg freeze before surgery, and OTC was contra-indicated due to the possibility of later regrafting of cancer cells. She underwent peritonectomy with bilateral oophorectomy with no prior ovarian stimulation or cycle management. Visible antral follicles were aspirated ex-vivo, the ovaries were then manually dissected, antral follicles punctured and intact COCs collected. COCs were washed and matured for 30-46h in G-2 PLUS medium supplemented with 0.1IU/mL rec-FSH, 0.5IU/mL rec-hCG, and 10% (v/v) autologous heat-inactivated patient serum. Results: 40 COCs were collected and 18 (45%) reached metaphase II, 1 was cryopreserved and 17 were inseminated by ICSI. 13/17 oocytes fertilised (2PN; 76%) and 7/13 (54%) blastocysts were generated (D5: 1× HB-1-1, 3× B-1-1, 1× B-2-1. D6: 1× HB-1-2, 1× B-2-2). Seven blastocysts and one oocyte were vitrified for future use by the patient. Conclusion: Ex-vivo IVM is a viable FP option for patients diagnosed with cancer. It can readily be coupled with OTC and/or a regular IVM oocyte pickup to maximise a cancer patient’s future fertility prospects.
Assessment of Oocyte Quality Using Deep Radiomic Signature of Oocyte Morphology in the Mouse
Authors: HABIBALAHI Abbas , BERTOLDO Michael J. , MAHBUB Saabah B. , CAMPBELL Jared M. , GOSS Dale M. , LEDGER William L. , GILCHRIST Robert B. , WU Lindsay E. , GOLDYS Ewa M. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) are increasingly used to compensate for the loss of fertility associated with increasing maternal age and decline in oocyte quality. During IVF, superovulation yields more oocytes than are required, and the selection of oocytes for fertilization and implantation is based on poorly defined morphological features which are subject to user bias. Aim: We aim to develop a deep radiomic signature based on an artificial intelligence (AI) model in order to identify oocyte morphological changes corresponding to reproductive ageing in bright field images captured by optical light microscopy. This approach has potential for application in assessment of human oocytes. Method: Oocytes were collected from three groups of C57BL/6J female mice: young (4- to 5-week-old), aged (12-month-old) mice and aged mice treated with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a treatment recently shown to rejuvenate aspects of fertility in aged mice. Deep learning, swarm intelligence and discriminative analysis were applied to images of mouse oocytes taken by bright field microscopy to identify a highly informative deep radiomic signature (DRS) of oocyte morphology. Approximately 25 oocyte images were derived from each group. Results: This signature distinguished morphological changes in oocytes associated with maternal ageing, which are imperceptible to an experienced embryologist, with 92% accuracy (AUC[Formula: see text]1), reflecting the age-induced decline in oocyte quality. We then employed the DRS to evaluate the impact of the NMN treatment. The DRS signature classified 60% of oocytes from NMN-treated aged mice as having a ‘young’ morphology, demonstrating the signature’s sensitivity to improvements in quality and reinforcing its applicability for oocyte selection. Conclusion: Our data illustrate the power of DRS for recognizing morphological features of cellular ageing, which outperforms current subjective methods relying on visual grading for the recognition and classification of oocytes based on maternal age.
School Age Developmental Outcomes of Children Conceived by IVF Compared with Controls: A Population Linkage Study
Authors: KENNEDY Amber , VOLLENHOVEN Beverley , HISCOCK Richard , STERN Catharyn , WALKER Susan , CHEONG Jeanie , QUACH Jon , HASTIE Roxanne , WILKINSON David , MCBAIN John , GURRIN Lyle , MACLACHLAN Vivien , AGRESTA Franca , BAOHM Susan , TONG Stephen , LINDQUIST Anthea 
Published: November 2022

Background: There has been increasing interest in assessing longer term developmental and health outcomes in IVF-conceived offspring compared with those born after natural conception. So far, the findings have been conflicting. The Australian Early Developmental Consensus (AEDC) assesses children in their first year of primary school across five domains; physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge. Aim: To compare school entry (5-7 years of age) outcomes in IVF-conceived children in Victoria with naturally conceived controls. Method: We undertook a statewide data linkage study, with perinatal data (births 2005-2014) linked to data from major IVF providers in Victoria and the AEDC. Our approach to analysis included: complete case analysis, multiple imputation of missing data, consideration of clustering (siblings) and inverse probability weighted modeling to adjust for covariates. Our primary outcome was an AEDC score indicative of developmental vulnerability in two or more domains. We adjusted for the child’s age at assessment, sex, highest level of maternal education, maternal age, parity, SEIFA (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas) quintile, language background other than English, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) status. Results: The linked dataset comprised 163,418 children, including 4,441 IVF-conceived children. The IVF conceived population had older, more highly educated mothers who lived in more affluent areas and were less likely to be from non-English speaking backgrounds or identify as ATSI. IVF-conceived children were less likely to be developmentally vulnerable, in both unadjusted (RR 0.59, 95%CI: 0.52-0.67, p<0.001) and adjusted analyses (aRR 0.72, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, p<0.001). Conclusion: Children conceived by IVF were less likely to be developmentally vulnerable in their first year of schooling, compared with peers conceived naturally. Further research should aim to understand if similar patterns are seen in other education and health domains and the potential mechanisms for these differences.