bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of a mobile digital imaging analysis trained by a four‐compartment model
Authors: Graybeal Austin J. , Brandner Caleb F. , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital imaging analysis (DIA) estimates collected from mobile applications comprise a novel technique that can collect body composition estimates remotely without the inherent restrictions of other research‐grade devices. However, the accuracy of the artificial intelligence used in DIA is reliant on the accuracy of the developmental methods. Few DIA applications are trained by multicompartment models, but this developmental strategy may be most accurate. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the precision and agreement of a DIA application with developmental software trained by a four‐compartment (4C) model using an actual 4C model as the criterion method.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, body composition estimations were collected from 102 participants (63 females, 39 males) using the methods necessary for a rapid 4C model and a DIA application using two different smartphones.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (0.96–0.99; all p < 0.001) and root mean square coefficients of variation (0.5%–3.0%) showed good reliability for body fat percentage, fat mass and fat‐free mass. There were no significant mean differences between the 4C model or the DIA estimates for the total sample, by sex, and for non‐Hispanic White (n = 61) and Black/African‐American (n = 32) participants (all p > 0.050). DIA estimates demonstrated equivalence with the 4C model for all variables but revealed proportional biases that underestimated body fat percentage (both β = −0.25; p < 0.001) and fat mass (both β = −0.07; p < 0.010) at higher degrees of each variable.ConclusionsDIA applications trained by a 4C model are reliable and produce body composition estimates equivalent to an actual 4C model.
Racial‐ethnic socialization, racial discrimination, and internalization of the model minority myth in East Asian families
Authors: Kim Sei Eun , Zhao Zhenqiang , Wong Sylvia H. M. , Toomey Russell B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGuided by the integrative model, this study investigated the moderating effect of East Asian American youth‐reported (N = 143) racial‐ethnic socialization (RES) in the relationship between the youth's experiences of discrimination and internalization of the model minority myth. The results suggest that there was a significant interaction between youth's racial discrimination and youth‐reported awareness of discrimination on youth's internalization of the model minority myth (b = 3.52, p < .05). No significant interaction effect emerged between racial discrimination and maintenance of heritage culture on internalization of model minority myth. The findings offer several contributions to inform research, family, and communities in understanding the ways caregivers respond to youth's racialized settings, which also contribute to youth's positive outcomes.
A disease‐targeted picture book for children with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Tang Yao , Chen Weiti , Li Jingping , Deng Yuqian , Liu Shibo , Zhou Xia , Xie Jianhui , Zhan Chaohong , Li Xianhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis are frequently burdened with psychological problems besides disease treatment and adherence. Currently, there is a shortage of appropriate and effective educational materials to facilitate physical and psychological recovery.ObjectivesTo examine a picture book for the effectiveness of disease‐related knowledge, coping strategies, resilience, quality of life and depressive symptoms in children with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis in China.DesignA quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures was adopted. The control group received standard care. The intervention group received the standard care plus a free picture book. This disease‐specific picture book narrated the story of two rabbits diagnosed with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis who underwent a series of examinations, faced difficulties taking medication, and eventually recovered.ParticipantsThe study recruited 60 children diagnosed with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis.MeasurementsDisease‐related knowledge, resilience, coping strategies, depression and paediatric quality of life were measured at baseline, the third day, the first month and the third month after recruitment. The acceptability of the picture book was evaluated at the last data‐collection point.ResultsThe data showed that children in the intervention group demonstrated higher levels of knowledge (p < 0.001), less usage of emotional coping strategies (p = 0.003), reduced depressive symptoms (p = 0.003), improved psychological resilience (p < 0.001), and better quality of life (p < 0.046) than those in the control group in the third month. Most children (83.3%) in the intervention group were satisfied with the picture book.ConclusionsThe targeted picture book is an effective educational tool for improving clinical outcomes and was highly accepted by children.
Linking resource‐ and disturbance‐based models to explain tree–grass coexistence in savannas
Authors: Holdo Ricardo M. , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySavannas cover a significant fraction of the Earth's land surface. In these ecosystems, C3 trees and C4 grasses coexist persistently, but the mechanisms explaining coexistence remain subject to debate. Different quantitative models have been proposed to explain coexistence, but these models make widely contrasting assumptions about which mechanisms are responsible for savanna persistence. Here, we show that no single existing model fully captures all key elements required to explain tree–grass coexistence across savanna rainfall gradients, but many models make important contributions. We show that recent empirical work allows us to combine many existing elements with new ideas to arrive at a synthesis that combines elements of two dominant frameworks: Walter's two‐layer model and demographic bottlenecks. We propose that functional rooting separation is necessary for coexistence and is the crux of the coexistence problem. It is both well‐supported empirically and necessary for tree persistence, given the comprehensive grass superiority for soil moisture acquisition. We argue that eventual tree dominance through shading is precluded by ecohydrological constraints in dry savannas and by fire and herbivores in wet savannas. Strong asymmetric grass–tree competition for soil moisture limits tree growth, exposing trees to persistent demographic bottlenecks.
SCARECROW‐LIKE28 modulates organ growth in Arabidopsis by controlling mitotic cell cycle exit, endoreplication, and cell expansion dynamics
Authors: Goldy Camila , Barrera Virginia , Taylor Isaiah , Buchensky Celeste , Vena Rodrigo , Benfey Philip N. , De Veylder Lieven , Rodriguez Ramiro E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The processes that contribute to plant organ morphogenesis are spatial–temporally organized. Within the meristem, mitosis produces new cells that subsequently engage in cell expansion and differentiation programs. The latter is frequently accompanied by endoreplication, being an alternative cell cycle that replicates the DNA without nuclear division, causing a stepwise increase in somatic ploidy.
Here, we show that the Arabidopsis SCL28 transcription factor promotes organ growth by modulating cell expansion dynamics in both root and leaf cells.
Gene expression studies indicated that SCL28 regulates members of the SIAMESE/SIAMESE‐RELATED (SIM/SMR) family, encoding cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors with a role in promoting mitotic cell cycle (MCC) exit and endoreplication, both in response to developmental and environmental cues. Consistent with this role, mutants in SCL28 displayed reduced endoreplication, both in roots and leaves. We also found evidence indicating that SCL28 co‐expresses with and regulates genes related to the biogenesis, assembly, and remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell wall.
Our results suggest that SCL28 controls, not only cell proliferation as reported previously but also cell expansion and differentiation by promoting MCC exit and endoreplication and by modulating aspects of the biogenesis, assembly, and remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell wall.
Time delays and pollution in an open‐access fishery
Authors: Bergland Harald , Mishra Purnedu , Pedersen Pål Andreas , Ponossov Arkadi , Wyller John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze the impacts of pollution on fishery sector using a dynamical system approach. The proposed model presupposes that the economic development causes emissions that either remediate or accumulate in the oceans. The model possesses a block structure where the solutions of the rate equations for the pollutant and the economic activity act as an input for the biomass and effort equation. We also account for distributed delay effects in both the pollution level and the economic activity level in our modeling framework. The weight functions in the delay terms are expressed in terms of exponentially decaying functions, which in turn enable us to convert the modeling framework to a higher‐order autonomous dynamical system by means of a linear chain trick. When both the typical delay time for the economic activity and the typical delay time for the pollution level are much smaller than the biomass time scale, the governing system is analyzed by means of the theory for singularly perturbed dynamical systems. Contrary to what is found for population dynamical systems with absolute delays, we readily find that the impact of the distributed time lags is negligible in the long‐run dynamics in this time‐scale separation regime.
Recommendations for Resource Managers

Resource managers should be aware of the dynamical interrelations between fisheries and pollution, also those that are time delayed.

Time lags between biological, economic, and environmental variables are affecting the time paths of these variables.

In the long run, the impact from distributed time lags have a negligible influence on the long‐run dynamical evolution.

Neither the past history of economic activities nor the past history of pollution growth can affect the fishery dynamics in the long run.

More empirical and theoretical research are needed to increase our understanding of the interrelation between fisheries and pollution.
Large Time‐Varying Volatility Models for Hourly Electricity Prices*
Authors: Gianfreda Angelica , Ravazzolo Francesco , Rossini Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the importance of time‐varying volatility in modelling hourly electricity prices when fundamental drivers are included in the estimation. This allows us to contribute to the literature of large Bayesian VARs by using well‐known time series models in a large dimension for the matrix of coefficients. Based on novel Bayesian techniques, we exploit the importance of both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian error terms in stochastic volatility. We find that using regressors as fuel prices, forecasted demand and forecasted renewable energy is essential to properly capture the volatility of these prices. Moreover, we show that the time‐varying volatility models outperform the constant volatility models in both the in‐sample model‐fit and the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance.
Obesity in South and Southeast Asia—A new consensus on care and management
Authors: Tham Kwang Wei , Abdul Ghani Rohana , Cua Sioksoan C. , Deerochanawong Chaicharn , Fojas Mia , Hocking Samantha , Lee June , Nam Tran Quang , Pathan Faruque , Saboo Banshi , Soegondo Sidartawan , Somasundaram Noel , Yong Alice M. L. , Ashkenas John , Webster Nicola , Oldfield Brian 
Published: December 2022

SummaryObesity is a chronic disease in which the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat leads to impaired health and increased risk of mortality and chronic health complications. Prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly in South and Southeast Asia, with potentially serious consequences for local economies, healthcare systems, and quality of life. Our group of obesity specialists from Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Viet Nam undertook to develop consensus recommendations for management and care of adults and children with obesity in South and Southeast Asia. To this end, we identified and researched 12 clinical questions related to obesity. These questions address the optimal approaches for identifying and staging obesity, treatment (lifestyle, behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical options) and maintenance of reduced weight, as well as issues related to weight stigma and patient engagement in the clinical setting. We achieved consensus on 42 clinical recommendations that address these questions. An algorithm describing obesity care is presented, keyed to the various consensus recommendations.
Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is characterized by an increase in maltose metabolism
Authors: Bernal Lilia , Luján‐Soto Eduardo , Fajardo‐Hernández Carlos A. , Coello Patricia , Figueroa Mario , Martínez‐Barajas Eleazar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe bean fruit pericarp accumulates a significant amount of starch, which starts to be degraded 20 days after anthesis (DAA) when seed growth becomes exponential. This period is also characterized by the progressive senescence of the fruit pericarp. However, the chloroplasts maintained their integrity, indicating that starch degradation is a compartmentalized process. The process coincided with a transient increase in maltose and sucrose levels, suggesting that β‐amylase is responsible for starch degradation. Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is also characterized by a large increase in starch phosphorylation, as well as in the activities of cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2, EC 2.4.1.25) and glucan phosphorylase (PHO2, EC 2.4.1.1). This suggests that the rate of starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp 20 DAA is dependent on the transformation of starch to a better substrate for β‐amylase and the increase in the rate of cytosolic metabolism of maltose.
Bayesian inverse problems with heterogeneous variance
Authors: Bochkina Natalia , Rodrigues Jenovah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe consider inverse problems in Hilbert spaces under correlated Gaussian noise, and use a Bayesian approach to find their regularized solution. We focus on mildly ill‐posed inverse problems with fractional noise, using a novel wavelet‐based vaguelette–vaguelette approach. It allows us to apply sequence space methods without assuming that all operators are simultaneously diagonalizable. The results are proved for more general bases and covariance operators. Our primary aim is to study posterior contraction rate in such inverse problems over Sobolev classes and compare it to the derived minimax rate. Secondly, we study effect of plugging in a consistent estimator of variances in sequence space on the posterior contraction rate. This result is applied to the problem with error in forward operator. Thirdly, we show that empirical Bayes posterior distribution with a plugged‐in maximum marginal likelihood estimator of the prior scale contracts at the optimal rate, adaptively, in the minimax sense.
Dose‐dependent effects of red blood cell transfusion and case mix index on venous thromboembolic events in spine surgery
Authors: Lo Brian D. , Qayum Omar , Penberthy Kristen K. , Gyi Richard , Lester Laeben C. , Hensley Nadia B. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Frank Steven M. , Cho Brian C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVenous thromboembolic (VTE) events represent a major source of morbidity and mortality in spine surgery. Our goal was to assess whether a dose–response relationship exists between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and postoperative VTE events among spine surgery patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 786 spine surgery patients at a single institution who received at least 1 RBC unit perioperatively were included (2016–2019). Patients were stratified based on RBC transfusion volume: 1–2 units (39.3%), 3–4 units (29.4%), 5–6 units (15.9%) and ≥7 units (15.4%). Subgroup analyses were performed after stratification by case mix index, a standardized surrogate for patients' disease severity and comorbidities. Multivariable regression was used to assess risk factors for the development of postoperative VTE events.ResultsThe overall VTE event rate was 2.4% (n = 19). A dose–response relationship was seen between RBC transfusion volume and VTE events (1–2 units: 0.97%, 3–4 units: 1.30%, 5–6 units: 3.20%, ≥7 units: 7.44%; p < 0.01). Similar dose–response relationships were seen between case mix index and VTE events (1.00–3.99: 0.52%, 4.00–6.99: 2.68%, ≥7.00: 9.00%; p < 0.01). On multivariable regression, larger RBC transfusion volumes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.18 per RBC unit, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.29; p < 0.01) and higher case mix index scores (adjusted OR 1.39 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.14–1.69; p < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis.ConclusionLarger RBC transfusion volumes and higher case mix index scores were associated with an increased risk of VTE events. Physicians should be aware of how these dose–response relationships can influence a patient's risk of developing thrombotic complications postoperatively.
Effects of Elastoplasticity, Damage, and Environmental Exposure on the Behavior of Adhesive Step-Lap Joints
Authors: Michopoulos John G. , Apetre Nicole A. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Steuben John C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of damage in the adhesive material as well as combined environmental excitation in multi-material adhesive step-lap joints (ASLJs) often encountered in aircraft industries are frequently neglected. Historically, the ASLJ design is based only within the scope of elastoplastic failure. The present work describes the implementation and application of a computational framework enabling the quasistatic performance evaluation of such joints under the simultaneous presence of plasticity, damage, and hygrothermal environmental stimuli. In particular, ASLJ linking Ti–6Al–4V alloy adherents with an FM-300K adhesive are modeled under the proposed framework for various material responses and environmental excitations. It is shown that the assumption of using only elastoplastic failure for the adhesive may not be an adequate assumption for designing and qualifying ASLJs. Specifically, consideration of the presence of plasticity, damage, and environmental effects indicates that there are reasons to re-examine the design practices of such joints and to determine the relevant material constants associated with the multiphysics cross-coupling effects.
A Minimum-Control-Trajectory-Deviation Time Grid Reconstruction Strategy for Co-Design Approach
Authors: Zhang Jinwen , Li Congbo , Li Yongsheng , Wang Ningbo , Li Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optimizing dynamic engineering systems (DESs) is quite challenging due to the increasing pursuit of automation and intelligence in modern industry. However, most of the existing studies generally only focus on plant variables or control variables of DESs, which may fail to explore optimal solutions. In this paper, a novel minimum-control-trajectory-deviation (MCTD) time grid reconstruction strategy is presented for the co-design approach. Three co-design approaches, namely simultaneous, nested, and direct transcription quadratic programming (DTQP) are compared using the MCTD time grid reconstruction strategy. Considering a number of design variables are time-varying in practical dynamic systems, three co-design methods use a special class of numerical analysis methods known as direct transcription (DT) that implies a “discretize-then-optimize” process. Motivated by the inefficiency of the traditional uniform discrete strategy, an MCTD time grid reconstruction strategy is proposed. Combining the presented time grid reconstruction strategy, simultaneous, nested, and DTQP methods are implemented for three test problems. The MCTD time grid reconstruction strategy is verified through a mathematical example, the Van der Pol oscillator, and a machine tool case. All cases have proved the superiority of presented strategy in running cost and solution accuracy.
Performance Evaluation of a Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger Based on Different Shapes of the Winglets
Authors: Sharma Rishikesh , Mishra D. P. , Sarangi S. K. , Brar Lakhbir Singh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present work investigates numerically the performance of a fin- and tube-type heat exchanger using the finite volume method. The effect of different winglet geometries, namely, straight profile, concave profile, convex profile, and their combinations are extensively examined under turbulent flow conditions to evaluate the pressure drop and heat transfer performance. These winglets are also tested for smaller leading-edge and larger trailing edge, and vice versa—it has been observed that the former winglet configuration outperforms the latter ones. The convex profiled winglets yield the highest heat transfer performance as well as pressure drops, whereas the winglet with a concave profile has the lowest heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop values. The enhancement factor—defined as the ratio of enhancement in heat transfer to the enhancement in pressure drop penalty—has also been calculated for all models. Conclusive results indicate that the convex profile and the concave–convex (a hybrid winglet) configuration, with a smaller leading edge, deliver the highest enhancement factor compared to other profiles. Following this, the study is further elaborated to find the optimum height for the convex winglet profile. General correlations have also been developed to estimate the Colburn factor, friction factor, and enhancement factor for variations in the leading edge of the convex profile.
Grade 3 school performance among children born preterm: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Louis Deepak , Oberoi Sapna , Ricci Florencia M , Pylypjuk Christy , Alvaro Ruben , Seshia Mary , de Cabo Cecilia , Moddemann Diane , Sirski Monica , Lix Lisa M , Garland Allan , Ruth Chelsea Anastasia 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo study the association between prematurity and grade 3 school performance in a contemporary cohort of children.MethodsPopulation-based retrospective cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Children born between 1999 and 2011 who had their grade 3 school performance data available were eligible. Preterm birth (<37 weeks) was the exposure of interest assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. Our primary outcomes were ‘needs ongoing help’ or ‘outside the range’ in at least two of each of the (1) four numeracy and (2) three reading competencies.ResultsOf the 186 956 eligible children, 101 436 children (7187 preterm (gestational age, median (IQR) 35 weeks (34, 36)) and 94 249 term (40 weeks (39,40)) were included. Overall, 19% of preterm and 14% of term children had the numeracy outcome (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.38; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.47, p<0.001), while 19% and 13% had the reading outcome (aOR 1.38; 1.29 to 1.48, p<0.001). These differences showed a gestational age gradient. Gestational age (for numeracy, <28 weeks aOR 4.93 (3.45 to 7.03), 28–33 weeks 1.72 (1.50 to 1.98), 34–36 weeks 1.24 (1.15 to 1.34); for reading, <28 weeks 3.51 (2.40 to 5.14), 28–33 weeks 1.72 (1.49 to 1.98), 34–36 weeks 1.24 (1.17–1.37)), male sex, small for gestational age and maternal medical and sociodemographic factors were associated with the numeracy and reading outcomes in this cohort.Conclusions and relevanceChildren born preterm had poorer performance in grade 3 numeracy and reading proficiencies than children born full term. All children born preterm, not just those born extremely preterm, should be screened for reading and numeracy performance in school and strategies implemented to address any deficits.