bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ALMA REBELS Survey: Average [C ii] 158 μm Sizes of Star-forming Galaxies from z ∼ 7 to z ∼ 4
Authors: Fudamoto Y. , Smit R. , Bowler R. A. A. , Oesch P. A. , Bouwens R. , Stefanon M. , Inami H. , Endsley R. , Gonzalez V. , Schouws S. , Stark D. , Algera H. S. B. , Aravena M. , Barrufet L. , da Cunha E. , Dayal P. , Ferrara A. , Graziani L. , Hodge J. A. , Hygate A. P. S. , Inoue A. K. , Nanayakkara T. , Pallottini A. , Pizzati E. , Schneider R. , Sommovigo L. , Sugahara Y. , Topping M. , van der Werf P. , Bethermin M. , Cassata P. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Ibar E. , Faisst A. L. , Fujimoto S. , Ginolfi M. , Hathi N. , Jones G. C. , Pozzi F. , Schaerer D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the average [C ii] 158 μm emission line sizes of UV-bright star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 7. Our results are derived from a stacking analysis of [C ii] 158 μm emission lines and dust continua observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), taking advantage of the large program Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey. We find that the average [C ii] emission at z ∼ 7 has an effective radius r

e
of 2.2 ± 0.2 kpc. It is ≳2× larger than the dust continuum and the rest-frame UV emission, in agreement with recently reported measurements for z ≲ 6 galaxies. Additionally, we compared the average [C ii] size with 4 < z < 6 galaxies observed by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C ii] at Early times (ALPINE). By analyzing [C ii] sizes of 4 < z < 6 galaxies in two redshift bins, we find an average [C ii] size of r
e = 2.2 ± 0.2 kpc and r
e = 2.5 ± 0.2 kpc for z ∼ 5.5 and z ∼ 4.5 galaxies, respectively. These measurements show that star-forming galaxies, on average, show no evolution in the size of the [C ii] 158 μm emitting regions at redshift between z ∼ 7 and z ∼ 4. This finding suggests that the star-forming galaxies could be morphologically dominated by gas over a wide redshift range.
Direct Measurement of AIA 171 Coronal Loop Transparency
Authors: li Hongbo , Feng Hengqiang , Tian Zhanjun , Zhang Xuefei , Liu Jihong , Zhao Guoqing , Zhao Yan , Cai Hao , Liang Yuanxi , Guo Runze 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Observations suggest that coronal loops should not be completely transparent. The transparency of coronal loops is rarely investigated in spite of its key role in coronal diagnostics. Here, we present an original investigation of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 coronal loop transparency directly from the radiation of visually intersecting coronal loops, which strongly indicates that the coronal loops may have significant opaqueness on the 171 Å radiation, and therefore should not be optical thin structures at least for some coronal lines. We suggest that this result may not only be helpful for explaining some basic observational features of coronal loops, but also in bringing new clues to the radiation-based diagnostics.
A Search of TESS Full-frame Images for an Optical Counterpart of the Repeating FRB 20180916B
Authors: Tingay Steven J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, an association between an optical transient, AT2020hur, and a repeating fast radio burst, FRB 20180916b, has been suggested, based on a strong positional coincidence on the sky and the temporal coincidence with one of the fast radio burst’s activity periods (∼6 days duration every ∼16 days). This suggestion is explored further and tested in this paper, utilizing full-frame images from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) across three of its observing periods in 2019 and 2020 (Sectors 18, 24, and 25). The discovery observations of AT2020hur took place between Sectors 18 and 24, within 5 days of the commencement of Sector 24 observations. The TESS observations cover at least six activity periods for the FRB. Thus, the TESS data provide excellent temporal coverage close in time to the discovery of AT2020hur and at known times of FRB activity and radio detection. From the TESS data, no evidence is found for repeating optical transients with the suspected emission timescale of ⪆1000 s.
Zen and the Art of Persistent Identifier Service Development for Digital Specimen
Authors: Islam Sharif , Theocharides Soulaine , Addink Wouter 
Published: August 2022

One of the most desired (and still missing) elements to enable the concept of Digital Extended (Webster et al. 2021) Specimens is a persistent identifier (PID) for the new digital specimen object. Digital Specimens are created to act as a digital surrogate of the physical objects. Digital Specimens contain all data relevant to the specimens as well as derived data like genetic sequences, trait information, and references to publications, species and environmental information. A PID for the Digital Specimen is thus essential to link it to the extended information. Furthermore, the extended information also needs PIDs to create unique and resolvable references to enable bidirectional linking.
DiSSCo, Distributed System of Scientific Collections, has done extensive work to select the most appropriate PID scheme (Hardisty et al. 2021) and design a PID infrastructure for the pan-European specimen collections. The design was created in the Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library project (BiCIKL) with funding from the European Commission. The draft design has been discussed with technical specialists in the joint DiSSCo and Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) community, with international stakeholders like GBIF and iDigBio. The draft was also presented at the 2022 conference of SPNHC (the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections) for further feedback, after which it was finalised.
This talk will provide a short overview of the key elements in the design of the Persistent Identifier system for Digital Specimens such as the metadata schema, a human friendly string format, and PID lifecycle with support for state changes of the physical object such as splitting and merging. We will illustrate this by showing the current status of development.
The Digital Specimen forms the backbone of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) services (Addink et al. 2021) in development by the DiSSCo Prepare project, a project to prepare for the new research infrastructure which currently involves 170 institutions in 23 countries holding an estimated 1,5 billion specimens. The Digital Specimen is a FAIR Digital Object with a PID and machine actionable metadata to make it FAIR. The PID service ensures the identifiers’ integrity and preserves these linkages, improving the FAIR quality of all specimen data. The talk will describe the system design and current test deployment setup, as well as delve into a few technical details of the Handle Server architecture, PID Kernel records, and a roadmap for the service development. The design and test work are done under the auspices of the BiCIKL project that aims to foster collaboration between infrastructures and develop bidirectional connections between the data so that they become part of a big FAIR data pool seamlessly available to researchers (Penev et al. 2022).
Le discernement et la modération comme marques du progrès en 2100 ?
Authors: Aubert Jean-Éric 
Published: August 2022

Personne n’avait vu venir la pandémie de Covid-19. Cela ne veut pas dire que le risque d’un virus mortel attaquant la planète n’avait pas été identifié par les prospectivistes. Telle est la difficulté de cette fonction : prévoir l’avenir, mais sans pouvoir dater exactement les évènements que l’on anticipe. Que sera devenue la notion de progrès en 2100 ? La planète se sera-t-elle effondrée ou se sera-t-elle livrée aux transhumanistes ? Probablement ni l’un ni l’autre, mais on peut prédire sans grand risque de se tromper que le discernement et la modération devront faire partie du paysage pour affronter les changements climatiques et sociétaux qui s’annoncent.
« Le temps de vivre ne manquera plus ». Guy Debord : la politique et le temps
Authors: Cochard Bertrand 
Published: August 2022

Dès ses premières lettres à Hervé Falcou en 1950, et jusqu’à ses dernières œuvres, Guy Debord a attaché à la question et à l’expérience du temps une attention toute particulière. Au point d’y consacrer deux chapitres (chapitre v « Temps et histoire » ; chapitre vi « Le temps spectaculaire »), et de les placer au centre de son principal ouvrage théorique : La Société du spectacle . Cet article propose une relecture du concept de spectacle à partir du prisme du temps, en distinguant le Spectacle (processus historique de séparation croissante des groupes sociaux d’avec l’histoire), le spectacle (dernière figure de ce processus) et les spectacles (dispositifs idéologiques destinés à justifier l’aliénation dans le temps). L’enjeu de cet article est de montrer qu’en conjuguant le matérialisme de Marx à l’idéalisme de Hegel, Guy Debord a construit une théorie du temps qui résonne de manière particulièrement forte dans l’époque contemporaine.
Optical phase contrast microscopy in reporting anisopoikilocytosis in stained blood smears; a pilot study
Authors: Wickramaratne K. A. C. , Mannapperuma S. L.N. A. , Wijewickrama D. C. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Conventionally, to examine stained blood smears, bright field microscope (BFM) is used. Appreciation of outlines and three-dimensional images of cells is possible with optical phase contrast microscope (OPCM) in wet smears Methods: This study was performed to determine applicability of OPCM in reporting anisopoikilocytosis in stained blood smears. Leishman-stained blood smears were assessed using bright field microscope (BFM) and OPCM and findings related to anisopoikilocytosis were compared with corresponding red cell indices (RI) of complete blood count. Results: There were 25 and 24 samples with normal and abnormal RI respectively. Mean anisopoikilocytosis percentage of both groups reported with OPCM were significantly higher than those of BFM. Anisopoikilocytosis percentage reported with BFM and OPCM were significantly positively correlated. Mean corpuscular volume and microcyte percentage and mean corpuscular haemoglobin and hypochromic cell percentage were significantly negatively correlated (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Optical phase contrast microscopy could significantly improve quantification and reporting of anisopoikilocytosis in stained blood smears.
A review of surgical management of retrosternal goitre in a single tertiary care referral centre in Sri Lanka
Authors: De Silva S. , Niyaz I. , Udupihilla J. , Siththique F. , Darmapala A. D. , Galketiya K. B. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Retrosternal goitres require surgical removal due to compressive symptoms as well as risk of malignancy. In a majority, the retrosternal part can be removed through the neck incision, while 5-10% requiring a sternotomy. An alternative to sternotomy is thoracoscopy, which is associated with reduced morbidity. Methods: The surgical approach used to resect retrosternal goiters in our unit over a period of two years was evaluated. Results: In fifty four patients out of sixty (90%) with retrosternal extension, resection was feasible from neck. Out of the remaining six, two had median sternotomy while four had thoracoscopy. The operating time, blood loss, post-operative analgesic requirement and hospital stay were less in the thoracoscopy group. Conclusions: Majority of retrosternal goitres can be removed via neck. For those who require access in to chest, thoracoscopy is associated with reduced morbidity and hospital stay, when compared to median sternotomy.
Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude of Teledentistry among Dentists in Kanchipuram District – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kamalakannan R , Nagappan C , Krishnaveni M , Prasad Arun , Kumar S Vinoth , Mahesh J 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
A highly infectious and life-threatening novel coronavirus Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide, causing severe medical complications and practising dentistry is becoming difficult. To reduce the risk of spread of coronavirus infection between dentist and patient, teledentistry, an innovative digital tool, has the potential to reach patients straightforward without direct contact.

Materials and Methods:
A self-structured standard questionnaire was framed and distributed among dentists from July 2021 to August 2021. The survey consisted of 15 closed-ended and multiple-choice questions related to awareness, knowledge and attitude of teledentistry during this COVID 19 pandemic. After proper validation of the questionnaire from the experts and evaluating reliability, the survey was conducted by forwarding the link of the Google Form through social media. Totally 520 participants responded to the survey. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 21. All statistical analyses were carried out at a significance level of P < 0.05. The descriptive data were analysed and compared using the Chi-square test.

Results:
Among specialists, general practitioners, postgraduate students and undergraduate students, specialists have better awareness, knowledge and attitude of teledentistry. Almost all participants have 50% knowledge about teledentistry and have a high (80%) attitude towards teledentistry.

Conclusion:
From this study, it is clearly understood that it is high time to increase the use of teledentistry practice by spreading knowledge among dentists and dental students. It is potentially an innovative digital tool in this new era of dentistry. It is an effective tool not only in the current pandemic situation but also in emergencies. Thus, teledentistry is a satisfied boon in the field of dentistry through the use of digital technology.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunctions Due to Mask among Quarantined Health-Care Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Phulsunga Rohit Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Surana Avinash , Gupta Vikas 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The most effective preventive measures against COVID-19 among health-care personnel (HCP) are personal protective equipment (PPE) and hand hygiene. The documented side effects of continuous use of mask or PPE are dermatitis, but side effects on the Eustachian tube are untouched areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the Eustachian tube dysfunctions among HCP due to the continuous use of masks.

Materials and Methods:
This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 eligible HCP. The sample size was calculated as 97, considering the unknown prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunctions among HCP (50%), so all HCP were included in the study. A structured questionnaire with close-ended responses was developed to collect study participants' responses.

Results:
Out of 217 participants, only 207 participants provided their written consent after understanding the study objectives and 206 were included in the analysis as one subject has pre-existing ear disease. The daily hours of mask usage among 52.4% of participants were between 4 and 8 h. About 2.6% of doctors experienced severe pain and pressure in the ear. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Patient Questionnaire-7 score was significantly higher among females and masked usage of four or more hours (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study revealed that 42.3% of participants had Eustachian tube dysfunctions. The study findings might help local administration to provide practical recommendations for medical workers prior head supported masks instead of ear-supported masks, use of ear protectors.
Haematological manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kır Seher , Polat Cafer 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder caused by the elevated secretion of the parathormone (PTH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological manifestations of PHPT in patients with normal renal functions who were treated surgically for parathyroid adenomas.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 134 patients with normal renal functions who underwent parathyroidectomies for PHPT were included. The haematological manifestations were evaluated in the total study cohort and in the two groups of different calcium (Ca) levels (Group 1 ≤11.2 mg/dl and Group 2 >11.2 mg/dl).

Results
The overall prevalence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia was 20.1, 6.7 and 6.0 per cent, respectively. Normocytic anaemia was present in 19 (14.2%) patients. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia between the two groups. There were no correlations between the PTH levels and the leukocyte, haemoglobin or platelet values. Six to 12 months after the parathyroidectomy (PTX), 35.7 per cent of the patients with anaemia, 85.7 per cent of the patients with leucopenia and 100 per cent of the patients with thrombocytopenia had recovered.

Interpretation & conclusions
In the present study, anaemia was seen with a variable frequency in PHPT, but there was no relationship between anaemia and high PTH or Ca levels. The development of anaemia can be seen regardless of the PTH levels in PHPT patients with normal renal functions. High-resolution rates after PTX indicate a possible association between PHPT and thrombocytopenia or leucopenia, although their prevalence is low in PHPT.
Carbohydrate profiling & glycaemic indices of selected traditional Indian foods
Authors: Shobana Shanmugam , Geetha Gunasekaran , Bai Mookambika Ramya , Vijayalakshmi Parthasarathy , Gayathri Rajagopal , Lakshmipriya Nagarajan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Malleshi Nagappa Gurusidappa , Krishnaswamy Kamala , Henry C.J.K. , Mohan Viswanathan , Sudha Vasudevan 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
Consumption of high glycaemic index (GI) food is associated with a high risk for diabetes. There is a felt need to understand the GI of common Indian traditional foods using standard GI protocols. The present study was aimed to analyse the carbohydrate profile of common traditional Indian food preparation and to determine their GI using standardized protocols.

Methods
Twelve food preparations made of millets, wheat, maize and pulses were evaluated for nutrient composition including detailed carbohydrate profiling and tested for GI in healthy volunteers using standard methodology. Capillary blood glucose responses for the test foods containing 50 g available carbohydrates were recorded and compared to the reference food (50 g glucose). GI was calculated from the incremental area under the curve (IUAC) for the test and reference foods.

Results
Available carbohydrate content of the food preparations ranged between 13.6 and 49.4 g per cent. Maize roti showed the highest total dietary fibre (7.5 g%). White chick pea ‘sundal’ showed highest resistant starch content (3.95 g%). Amongst the 12 test foods, five fell in the high GI category (finger millet balls, sorghum, pearl millet and maize roti), four in the medium GI category (sorghum idli, wheat dosa, methi roti and adai) and three in the low GI category (broken wheat upma, white peas sundal and white chick peas sundal).

Interpretation & conclusions
Merely being a whole grain-based food does not qualify for a lower GI. The method of processing, food structural integrity and preparation could influence the GI. The type and quality of fibre are important than the quantity of fibre alone. Judicious planning of accompaniments using low GI legumes may favourably modify the glycaemic response to high GI foods in a meal.
Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in patients with COVID-19 having differential clinical manifestations
Authors: Tripathy Anuradha S. , Trimbake Diptee , Suryawanshi Poonam V. , Tripathy Srikanth P. , Gurav Yogesh K. , Potdar Varsha A. , Chaudhary Manohar L. , Athavale Prachi , Mokashi Nitin D. , Patsute Sudhir D. , Kakrani Arjun L. , Abraham Priya 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
The COVID-19 disease profile in Indian patients has been found to be different from the Western world. Changes in lymphocyte compartment have been correlated with disease course, illness severity and clinical outcome. This study was aimed to assess the peripheral lymphocyte phenotype and subset distribution in patients with COVID-19 disease from India with differential clinical manifestations.

Methods
Percentages of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in hospitalized asymptomatic (n=53), mild symptomatic (n=36), moderate and severe (n=30) patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, recovered individuals (n=40) and uninfected controls (n=56) from Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Results
Percentages of CD4+Th cells were significantly high in asymptomatic, mild symptomatic, moderate and severe patients and recovered individuals compared to controls. Percentages of Th memory (CD3+CD4+CD45RO+), Tc memory (CD3+CD8+CD45RO+) and B memory (CD19+CD27+) cells were significantly higher in the recovered group compared to both asymptomatic, mild symptomatic patient and uninfected control groups. NK cell (CD56+CD3-) percentages were comparable among moderate +severe patient and uninfected control groups.

Interpretation & conclusions
The observed lower CD4+Th cells in moderate+severe group requiring oxygen support compared to asymptomatic+mild symptomatic group not requiring oxygen support could be indicative of poor prognosis. Higher Th memory, Tc memory and B memory cells in the recovered group compared to mild symptomatic patient groups might be markers of recovery from mild infection; however, it remains to be established if the persistence of any of these cells could be considered as a correlate of protection.
Home-based care of persons with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vasanthra Cicil. R. , Ammapattian Thirumoorthy , Antony Sojan , Rao Girish N , Prasad Krishna Muliyala , Anu Kanjirakattu Madom. NarayananUnni. , Issac Thomas Gregor , Thangaraju Sivakumar Palanimuthu 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that contributes to a high caregiver burden. This article describes caregivers' experiences in providing care at home for persons with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic had brought the world to a standstill that no one alive had experienced before.

Methods:
Cross-sectional focus group discussion with 17 caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease was conducted using video conferencing software.

Results:
The significant issues reported by the caregivers were changing routine, an increase in demanding behavior, an increase in the tendency of wandering behavior, increased frustration among caregivers, intolerance, and overall burden. However, some caregivers were also able to adapt to emerging situations and design a new set of daily living activities.

Conclusion:
Understanding caregiving experiences and guiding caregivers to build their resilience would prevent caregivers' burnout.