bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of patients admitted to the dermatology ward service of a level 3 hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cadavid Ana Maria Hoyos , Gimenes Viviane Mazo Favero , Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen , de Freitas Vera Lúcia Teixeira , Cavalcante Sonia Cristina , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Candida spp. are responsible for most opportunistic fungal infections. The rapid and accurate identification of this type of yeast in hospitalized patients is critical for their effective treatment and prevention of complications arising from resistant strains. Objective: Evaluate the prevalence, as well as factors that are associated with oral candidiasis in 240 patients who were admitted to the dermatology infirmary of a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: It is a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study, in which the clinical condition of each patient was analyzed and a direct mycological examination and culture for fungi were performed. Microorganisms were identified using phenotypic methods and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Results: The prevalence of Candida spp. was 28.7%. C. albicans was the most common species (84%), followed by C. glabrata (4.34%), C. tropicalis (4.34%), C. parapsilosis (4.34%), C. krusei (1.4%), and C. dubliniensis (1.4%). As discovered by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, such factors as the use of oral prosthesis and immunosuppression increased the risk of candidiasis. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients showed a significant prevalence of oral candidiasis, related to predisposing local and systemic factors, which affected their microbiota. Although C. albicans was the primary microorganism of the infection, other species were identified. Clinical relevance: The techniques that were used in this study identified the precise causative agent of the infection in a short period, allowing us to modify the therapeutic regimen so that, in turn, direct implications on the patient’s health were presented.
Efficient market versus regulatory capture: a political economy assessment of power market reform in China
Authors: Xiang Chenxi , Zheng Xinye , Song Feng , Lin Jiang , Jiang Zhigao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
China began implementing market-based economic dispatch through power sector reform in 2015, but the reform has encountered some political and economic challenges. This paper identifies the reform’s efficiency changes and explores and quantifies the influences of market-driven and politically driven mechanisms behind these changes, employing a partial market equilibrium model integrating high-frequency data in southern China. We found the dispatch transition improves the overall efficiency, but regulatory capture in provincial markets limits its full potential. The preference for local enterprises over central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by local governments, in the form of allocated generation quotas, demonstrates the political challenge for market reform. The allocated generation quota protects small coal-fired and natural gas generators owned by local SOEs, lessening their motivation to improve generation efficiency, even after the reform. As a result, nearly half the potential of carbon dioxide emission reduction and social welfare promotions through market reform is not realized.
Offline Fast Modification of Position Loop Gains for Five-Axis Machining
Authors: lyu dun , Ye Xinxin , Zhang Huijie , Liu Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Servo matching (SM) controls the contour error (CE) by coordinating the tracking error (TE) of each axis, which is a basic strategy of CE control. However, the SM, especially the five-axis SM approach, has not been widely used in engineering due to the long time taken to compute the modification of the position loop gain (PLG). This paper establishes the functional relationship between the five-axis PLG and part CE based on the Jacobian matrix. An offline PLG fast modification approach for part CE in five-axis machining was proposed based on the above criteria. Through this method, the five-axis machine tool could modify the PLG of each axis for specific parts and improve the contour accuracy of the parts. Compared to the traditional approach, the servo control model prediction, forward kinematics transformation (FKT), and tool contour pose are omitted based on the proposed approach. Consequently, the computational burden is greatly reduced, the computing time is reduced by more than 98%, and the average contour accuracy can be improved by more than 54%.
Fusion of spectral and textural data of hyperspectral imaging for glycine content prediction in beef using SFCN algorithms
Authors: Lv Yu , Dong Fujia , Cui Jiarui , Luo Ruiming , Wang Songlei , Rodas-Gonzalez Argenis , Hao Jie , Liu Sijia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glycine, the simplest free amino acid, is one of the most important factors affecting the flavor of beef. In this paper, a fast and non-destructive method combining near-infrared hyperspectral (900–1700 nm) and textural data was first proposed to determine the content and distribution of glycine in beef. On the basis of spectral information pre-processing, spectral features were extracted by the interval Variable Iterative Space Shrinkage Approach, Competitive Adaptive Reweighting algorithm and Uninformative Variable Elimination (UVE). The glycine content prediction models were established by partial least squares regression, least squares support vector machine, and the optimized shallow full convolutional neural network (SFCN). Among them, the UVE-SFCN model obtained better results with prediction set determination coefficient (RP2) of 0.8725). Further, textural features were extracted by the gray level co-occurrence matrix and fused with the spectral information of the best feature band to obtain an optimized UVE-FSCN-fusion model (RP2 = 0.9005, root mean square error = 0.3075, residual predictive deviation = 0.2688). Compared with the full spectrum and characteristic wavelength spectrum models, RP2 was improved by 6.41% and 3.10%. The best fusion model was visualized to visually represent the distribution of glycine in beef. The results showed that the prediction and visualization of glycine content in beef were feasible and effective, and provided a theoretical basis for the hyperspectral study of meat quality monitoring or the establishment of an online platform.
Geometric Blow-up for Folded Limit Cycle Manifolds in Three Time-Scale Systems
Authors: Kuntz Sara-Viola , Jelbart Samuel , Kuehn Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Geometric singular perturbation theory provides a powerful mathematical framework for the analysis of 'stationary' multiple time-scale systems which possess a critical manifold, i.e. a smooth manifold of steady states for the limiting fast subsystem, particularly when combined with a method of desingularization known as blow-up. The theory for 'oscillatory' multiple time-scale systems which possess a limit cycle manifold instead of (or in addition to) a critical manifold is less developed, particularly in the non-normally hyperbolic regime. We show that the blow-up method can be applied to analyse the global oscillatory transition near a regular folded limit cycle manifold in a class of three time-scale systems with two small parameters. The systems considered behave like oscillatory systems as the smallest perturbation parameter tends to zero, and stationary systems as both perturbation parameters tend to zero. The additional time-scale structure is crucial for the applicability of the blow-up method, which cannot be applied directly to the two time-scale counterpart of the problem. Our methods allow us to describe the asymptotics and strong contractivity of all solutions which traverse a neighbourhood of the global singularity. Our results cover a range of different cases with respect to the relative time-scale of the angular dynamics and the parameter drift.MSC2020: 34D15, 34E10, 34E13, 34E15, 34E20, 34C45, 34C27
Necessity of establishing a background microbial library in different medical institutions for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: Data-Based Analysis
Authors: Yin Han , Wang Chengtan , Xu Duliang , Li Wei , Pang Feng , Wang Dawei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Due to the extremely high sensitivity of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing, even a small amount of nucleic acid fragments exposed during sampling or testing may lead to false positives, which is one of the biggest challenges in interpreting mNGS testing reports. In this study, for the first time, we experimentally detected and established Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI)-related interfering nucleic acid background microbial libraries (BML) in different medical institutions to clarify Necessity of establishing a BML in different medical institutions for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection using mNGS. MethodsSamples were taken from 3 different acetabular reamer for hip arthroplasty in 7 different hospitals. The whole process was strictly aseptic, mNGS was performed according to standard operating procedures. The sterility of instruments was confirmed by culture method. The sequencing results of specimens from different hospitals were compared to analyze the difference of background bacteria. Bioinformatics analysis and visualization were presented through R language. ResultsA total of 26 samples were processed by mNGS, including 24 instrument swab samples, 1 blank swab control, and 1 blank water control. 254,314,707 reads were sequenced in all samples. The results showed that 1.13% of Clean Reads can be matched to pathogenic microorganism genomes, of which bacterial sequences account for 87.48%, fungal sequences account for 11.18%, parasite sequences account for 1.26%, and virus sequences account for 0.06%. The results of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) demonstrated that the distribution of bacteria on the surface of instruments was significantly different between medical institutions. Through the Venn diagram, it was found that 465 species of bacteria in all region hospitals, Liaocheng People's Hospital had a maximum of 340 species of bacteria, followed by Guanxian County People's Hospital with 169 species. The clustering heat map illustrated that the distribution of bacterial groups in three different instrument samples in the same hospital was basically the same, and the bacterial genera varied significantly among hospitals. The residual microbial nucleic acid fragments are mainly bacterial DNA and represent differences in different medical institutions.ConclusionsIt is necessary to establish independent BML in different medical institutions to improve the accuracy of mNGS on the diagnosis of PJI.
Molecular formula discovery via bottom-up MS/MS interrogation
Authors: Huan Tao , Xing Shipei , Shen Sam , Xu Banghua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A substantial fraction of metabolic features remains undetermined in mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics. Here we present bottom-up tandem MS (MS/MS) interrogation to illuminate the unidentified features via accurate molecular formula annotation. Our approach prioritizes MS/MS-explainable formula candidates, implements machine-learned ranking, and offers false discovery rate estimation. Compared to the existing MS1-initiated formula annotation, our approach shrinks the formula candidate space by 42.8% on average. The superior annotation accuracy of our bottom-up interrogation was demonstrated on reference MS/MS libraries and real metabolomics datasets. Applied on 155,321 annotated recurrent unidentified spectra (ARUS), our approach confidently annotated > 5,000 novel molecular formulae unarchived in chemical databases. Beyond the level of individual metabolic features, we combined bottom-up MS/MS interrogation with global peak annotation. This approach reveals peak interrelationships, allowing the systematic annotation of 37 fatty acid amide molecules in human fecal data, among other applications. All bioinformatics pipelines are available in a standalone software, BUDDY (https://github.com/HuanLab/BUDDY/).
Within-host diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and effect of vaccination
Authors: Poon Leo , Gu Haogao , Quadeer Ahmed Abdul , Krishnan Pavithra , Chang Lydia , Liu Gigi , Ng Daisy , Cheng Samuel , Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk , Peiris Malik , McKay Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Viral and host factors can shape SARS-CoV-2 within-host viral diversity and virus evolution. However, little is known about lineage-specific and vaccination-specific mutations that occur within individuals. Here we analysed deep sequencing data from 2,146 SARS-CoV-2 samples with different viral lineages to describe the patterns of within-host diversity in different conditions, including vaccine-breakthrough infections. Variant of Concern (VOC) Alpha, Delta, and Omicron samples were found to have higher within-host nucleotide diversity while being under weaker purifying selection at full genome level compared to non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Breakthrough Delta and Omicron infections in Comirnaty and CoronaVac vaccinated individuals appeared to have higher within-host purifying selection at the full-genome and/or Spike gene levels. Vaccine-induced antibody or T cell responses did not appear to have significant impact on within-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Our findings suggest that vaccination does not increase SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence space and may not facilitate emergence of more viral variants.
Real-world data in primary care: validation of diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in primary care electronic medical records and estimated prevalence
Authors: de Burgos-Lunar C , Cura-González I del , Cárdenas-Valladolid J , Gómez-Campelo P , Abánades-Herranz JC , de-Andrés A López , Sotos-Prieto M , Iriarte-Campo V , Salinero-Fort MA 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background:Primary care electronic medical records contain clinical-administrative information on a high percentage of the population. Before this information can be used for epidemiological purposes, its quality must be verified.This study aims to validate diagnoses of atrial fibrillation (AF) recorded in primary care electronic medical records and to estimate the prevalence of AF in the general adult population.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional validation study of all diagnoses of AF recorded in primary care electronic medical records in Madrid (Spain).We also performed simple random sampling of diagnoses of AF (ICPC-2 code K78) registered by 55 physicians and random age- and sex-matched sampling of the records that included a diagnosis of AF. Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and hospital discharge or cardiology clinic reports were matched.Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and overall agreement were calculated using the kappa statistic (κ). The prevalence of AF in the community of Madrid was estimated considering the sensitivity and specificity obtained in the validation. All calculations were performed overall and by sex and age groups.Results:The degree of agreement was very high (κ = 0.952), with a sensitivity of 97.84%, specificity of 97.39%, PPV of 97.37%, and NPV of 97.85%.The prevalence of AF in the population aged over 18 years was 2.41% (95%CI 2.39%-2.42% [2.25% in women and 2.58% in men]). This increased progressively with age, reaching 16.95% in those over 80 years of age (15.5% in women and 19.44% in men).Conclusions:The validation results obtained enable diagnosis of AF recorded in primary care to be used as a tool for epidemiological studies.A high prevalence of AF was found, especially in older patients.
Acute toxicity, risk assessment and exposure of Nile tilapia larvae after stress to sub-lethal concentrations of oxytetracycline
Authors: Takeshita Natalia Akemi , Chiste Bruna Milke , Jonsson Claudio Martin , Mattioli Cristiano Campos , Hisano Hamilton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Median lethal concentration (LC50 − 96h), risk assessment, development, and mortality of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae exposed to oxytetracycline (OTC) after stress management were evaluated in this study. Fish (n = 126; 32.25 ± 3.74 mg; 13.01 ± 0.64 mm; 7 larvae/aquarium) were used for LC50 − 96h trial and randomly distributed in 21 aquaria (1 L) with 0.0, 2.01, 2.44, 3.31, 3.65 and 4.59 mg/L of OTC. For acute stress test, fish (n = 180; 33.9 ± 0.73 mg; 13.06 ± 0.72 mm; 10 larvae/aquarium) were submitted to air stress for 5 minutes and posteriorly randomly allocated in 18 aquaria (1 L) and exposed to 0.0, 0.03, 0.82, 1.65, 2.47 and 3.30 of OTC. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, total ammonia and total hardness were measured daily. LC50 − 96h of OTC for Nile tilapia larvae was 3.45 mg/L. Weight and length of larvae submitted to graded levels of OTC decrease in both tests. Significant differences was observed for DO over 96h. pH, temperature and DO differ (P < 0.05) in post-stress test. Stress management (exposure to air) potentiates the toxic effects of sub-lethal doses of OTC. Furthermore, based on the risk quotient, OTC has a high risk to Nile tilapia larvae when exposed to therapeutic concentrations.
Nasal Reconstruction for Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: WEI MUQIAN , Bu Xi , Wang Guanhuier , Zhen Yonghuan , Yang Xin , Li Dong , An Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article reviewed our experience of Chinese nasal reconstruction over 12 years and evaluated the effect of expanded forehead flap both aesthetically and functionally. The special skin type and other anatomic features of Chinese patients was understood thoroughly during the treatment. This article thus catered for the need of multiracial nasal reconstruction. We analyzed existing clinical data and demonstrated a typical case in detail. The postoperative result supported our strategy which advocated the extensive application of expanded forehead flap, together with flip scar flap as the internal lining. The features of Chinese patients also prompted the use of costal and auricular cartilage. Emerging technology like 3D-printing would benefit nasal reconstruction from more aspects.
Smoothing and Compressing Algorithm of Toolpath with Complex Contour in NC Machining
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lu Juan , Ou Chengyi , Ma Junyan , Liao Xiaoping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The continuous short line segment processing method in CNC machining has the defect of frequent fluctuation of feedrate, which affects the quality and efficiency. For this problem, the local and global methods are common solutions. The local method is to insert transition curves at the corners to obtain a smooth toolpath, but this method does not essentially reduce the number of acceleration and deceleration, and it is difficult to insert transition curves between tiny straight sections. Although the global method can obtain smooth tool trajectories, the parametric interpolation method is not suitable for low- and mid-range CNC machines. The article proposes an adaptive tool path generation method with the original part contour as the research object and discrete the NURBS curves into smooth trajectories consisting of large segments of straight lines and circular arcs. The article mimics the crawling characteristics of snakes and designs a double-headed snake algorithm based on the least squares method to implement this process. First, given the start and end points of the curve, two snakeheads search for the maximum linear and circular segments that satisfy the error constraint in the curve direction. The winner will then be selected as the candidate track segment through a competition mechanism. Finally, all trajectory segments are connected to obtain a smooth tool path. Experiments show that the toolpath data of the method in this paper is reduced by 75.56% compared with commercial CAM software when the contour error threshold is the same, and the contour error is reduced by more than one order of magnitude when the number of toolpath segments is equal. In addition, the method in this paper can obtain a smoother machining surface and more stable cutting force, thus achieving a win-win situation of quality and efficiency.
Prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation cover in the Huainan mining area and quantitative analysis of driving factors
Authors: Zhang Xuyang , Zhou Yuzhi , Long Linli , Hu Pian , Huang Meiqin , Chen Yongchun , Chen Xiaoyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prediction of the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of vegetation cover in the Huainan mining area and the quantitative evaluation of its driving factors are of great significance for protecting and restoring the ecological environment in this area. This study uses the Landsat time-series data to estimate the vegetation cover using pixel dichotomy and uses the transition matrix to analyze the spatiotemporal transfer of vegetation cover from 1989 to 2004, 2004 to 2021, and 2021 to 2030. In addition, a structural equation model (SEM) was established in this study to assess the driving factors of vegetation cover. The quantitative analysis and the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model were performed to predict the future vegetation cover in the Huainan mining area. The results: 1) a significant transfer among various vegetation types over the 1989-2004 period. During this period, the high-cover and medium-cover types revealed the most significant transfer-in and transfer-out, covering total areas of 738.5211 and 527.2884 km2, respectively. Whereas from 2004 to 2021, the high cover types showed the most significant transfer-in and transfer-out, covering total areas of 295.8993 and 205.3845 km2, respectively. The predicted land cover from 2021 to 2030 showed that the high cover type was the most transferred out, covering a total area of 540.7317 km2 and 555.5709 km2, using the CA-Markov and multi-criteria evaluation-CA-Markov (MCE-CA-Markov) models, respectively; 2) among the three dimensions, path coefficients of human activities were -0.11 and -0.39, respectively, while the path coefficients of topographical factors were 0.63 and 0.71 using SEM in 2015 and 2020, respectively. Human activities are the key factors affecting the vegetation growth, while topographical factor is the main factor promoting the vegetation growth; 3) Highly consistent CA-Markov and Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) predicted results of vegetation cover in 2030 compared to that in 2021. The bare soil and low cover types were mainly concentrated in the mining area, showing connected patches. In addition, the bare soil type revealed a continuous expansion pattern, more particularly in the northwest direction. Large-area bare soil and low-cover patches were observed in the Zijing field, Banji field, and Yangcun exploration areas. The prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation cover in the Huainan mining area and the quantitative change in driving factors are of significant importance for the restoration of the ecological environment in mining areas.