bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the reasons why people desist from crime vary by age, length of offending career or lifestyle factors?
Authors: Farrall Stephen , Shapland Joanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch into desistance from crime has progressed enormously in the past three decades. Despite this tremendous growth, some issues remain unexplored. Among these is the extent to which the reasons why people stop offending might vary by the age at which they stop, and their previous lifestyles. Herein we explore the extent to which the reasons why people desist are associated with their age, and the length and nature of their criminal career. We find that there are no particular associations between the reasons for their desistance and any of these variables, though social context is important. So particular social contexts are seen by those desisting as key to their wish to desist, but they may occur at different ages and it is when they are salient to that individual that they promote action. We close by discussing why this might be the case and the ramifications for theories of desistance.
Willingness to be tested for a secondary cause of hypertension: a survey of the Australian general community
Authors: Lai Jordan H. , Gwini Stella M. , Chen Gang , Long Katrina M. , Russell Grant , Schlaich Markus P. , Stowasser Michael , Young Morag J. , Fuller Peter J. , Mori Trevor A. , Wolley Martin , Reid Christopher M. , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary aldosteronism (PA) represents the most common and potentially curable cause of secondary hypertension. However, PA is not commonly screened for, and up to 34% of patients who screen positive do not complete the full diagnostic process. This suggests that the diagnostic process may pose a barrier to patients and may contribute to the under‐diagnosis of PA.AimsTo evaluate the willingness of the Australian general public to undergo testing for secondary causes of hypertension and identify enablers or barriers to testing from the patients' perspective.MethodsAn online survey containing questions on knowledge and attitudes towards hypertension, willingness to be tested and enablers/barriers towards testing was distributed to the Australian community.ResultsOf 520 adult respondents (mean age 50.4 years, SD 27.3 years; 28.8% hypertensive; 56.0% female), the majority of non‐hypertensive and hypertensive respondents (82.7% vs 70.0%; P = 0.03) were willing to undergo testing for a secondary cause of hypertension that involved blood and urine tests. Greater knowledge of hypertensive risk modification strategies and complications was predictive of willingness to be tested, whereas age, sex, education level, geographic location, socio‐economic status and cardiovascular comorbidities were not. The top three barriers to testing included fear of a serious underlying condition, lack of belief in further testing and increased stress associated with further testing.ConclusionA high proportion of patients are willing to engage in testing for a secondary cause of hypertension. Education about the risks associated with hypertension and the testing process may overcome several barriers to testing.
Clinical efficacy of flap transplantation combined with vacuum sealing drainage and methylprednisolone and cyclosporine in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Hao Yonghong , He Juan , Zhao Zigang , Li Chengxin , Feng Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of flap transplantation combined with vacuum sealing drainage and methylprednisolone and cyclosporine in the treatment of ulcer wound of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). From August 2014 to February 2022, 30 patients with pyoderma gangrenosum ulcer wounds were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group (n = 12) and the control group (n = 18) in this retrospective study. The patients in observation group were treated with VSD combined with flap transplantation and immunosuppressive agent treatment, while the control group was treated with normal dressing change combined with hormone and cyclosporine. The ulcer wound healing time and dressing change times were compared between the two groups. All the 30 cases of two groups healed after corresponding treatment. The wound healing time of ulcer in the observation group was 35–40 days, with an average healing time of (35.83 ± 1.95) days, and the wound healing time of the control group was 60–200 days, with an average healing time of (44.14 ± 9.67) days. The healing time of observation groups was significantly shorter than that in the control group (t = 4.652, P < .05). The frequency of dressing change in the observation group was seven–eight times, with an average of (7.17 ± 0.39) times, and the frequency of dressing change in the control group was 75–86 times, with an average of (79.22 ± 3.62) times. The difference between the two groups was significant (t = 6.214, P < .05). The treatment of VSD combined with flap transplantation and immunosuppressive agent treatment promote ulcer wound healing of pyoderma gangrenosum.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus after cord blood transplantation from an unrelated donor with a disease‐sensitive haplotype
Authors: Matsumoto Kensuke , Matsuyama Taisuke , Sumiyoshi Ritsu , Takuji Matsuo , Yamamoto Tadashi , Shirasaki Ryosuke , Tashiro Haruko 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), a curative treatment for hematopoietic neoplasms, often causes various autoimmune disease‐like conditions. In contrast, allo‐HSCT‐related type 1 diabetes mellitus is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of allo‐HSCT‐related type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient who had undergone cord blood transplantation (CBT) as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. The patient's human leukocyte antigen was replaced with the donor type after transplantation. The donor had a disease‐sensitive haplotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of type 1 diabetes mellitus following CBT.
Impact and evaluation of an online culinary nutrition course for health, education and industry professionals to promote vegetable knowledge and consumption
Authors: Asher Roberta C. , Clarke Erin D. , Bucher Tamara , Shrewsbury Vanessa A. , Roberts Steven , Collins Clare E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor diet, including inadequate vegetable intake, is a leading risk factor for noncommunicable disease. Culinary and nutrition education provided to trainee and practising health and education professionals is an emerging strategy to promote improved dietary intake, including vegetable consumption. We evaluated the impact and feasibility of an online culinary medicine and nutrition (CM/CN) short course for health, education and vegetable industry professionals. The course aimed to improve participants’ skills and confidence to prepare vegetables, knowledge of evidence‐based nutrition information and recommendations for improving vegetable consumption and diet quality.MethodsA pre–post study consisting of two separate groups participating in two course rounds recruited practising professionals (n = 30) working in health; community, adult and/or culinary education; and the vegetable industry. Evaluation assessed diet quality, vegetable consumption barriers, cooking and food skill confidence, nutrition knowledge and process measures.ResultsSeventeen participants (68%) completed the programme. Pre‐ to postintervention statistically significant increases in vegetables (M 1.3, SD 2.2), fruit (M 1.6, SD 3.1), and breads and cereal (M 1.1, SD 1.7) intakes were observed. Statistically significant increases and large effect sizes for mean food skill confidence scores (M 8.9, SD 15.4, Cohen's d 0.56) and nutrition knowledge scores (M 6.2, SD 15.4, Cohen's d 0.83) were also observed pre‐ to postintervention.ConclusionsThe short online course was feasible and improved diet quality, food skill confidence and nutrition knowledge. Online CM/CN education for practising professionals represents a promising area of research. Future research involving a larger study sample and a more rigorous study design such as a randomised control trial is warranted.
Marginal Accuracy of Monolithic and Veneered Zirconia Crowns Fabricated by Conventional and Digital Workflows
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Ho Grace , Centorame Alannah , Chohan Simran , Park Clara , Abdouni Ramiz , Le Phillip , Ngo Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the marginal accuracy of zirconia crowns fabricated by different workflows (conventional and digital) and designs (monolithic and veneered).Materials and MethodsA prepared maxillary first molar was used for the study. Four workflow combinations were evaluated: (1) intraoral scanning and monolithic zirconia (IOS‐M), (2) intraoral scanning and veneered zirconia (IOS‐V), (3) conventional impression and monolithic zirconia (IMP‐M), and (4) conventional impression and veneered zirconia (IMP‐V). All of the specimens had similar designs. The veneered groups had a buccal cutback for esthetic veneer application. A total of 10 crowns were produced in each workflow. The vertical and horizontal marginal accuracies were measured with a traveling microscope. Depending on the normality of the data, one‐way analysis of variance test or Kruskal‐Wallis test were applied to evaluate the differences among the groups (α = 0.05).ResultsThe most superior vertical marginal accuracy was observed for IOS‐V (mean = 22.5 μm; SD = 6.7 μm), followed by IMP‐V (mean = 23.9 μm; SD = 7.8 μm), IOS‐M (mean = 28.7 μm; SD = 10.3 μm), and IMP‐M (mean = 39.8 μm; SD = 22.0 μm), respectively (p < 0.001). The IOS‐M had the greatest mean horizontal discrepancies (mean = 23.9 μm; SD = 4.3 μm) followed by IMP‐M (mean = 21.3 μm; SD = 5.7 μm), IMP‐V (mean = 19.2 μm; SD = 5.3 μm) and IOS‐V (mean = 17.6 μm; SD = 5.7 μm) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMonolithic zirconia crowns fabricated digitally had superior marginal accuracy than monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated conventionally. Esthetic buccal veneering of predominantly monolithic zirconia copings improved the vertical and horizontal marginal accuracies.
Tenofovir versus entecavir for tertiary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B infection after curative therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Agrawal Dhiraj , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Gopan Amrit , Angadi Sumaswi , Sundaram Sridhar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEntecavir (ETV) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the first‐line drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the impact of these two antiviral agents on the outcome of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative therapy remains to be explored. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of ETV and TDF on recurrence and mortality after curative treatment for HBV‐related HCC. A comprehensive literature search of multiple electronic databases was conducted from 2000 to January 2022 for studies comparing ETV and TDF for HBV‐related HCC patients after curative therapy. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were pooled using a random‐effects model. A total of nine studies with 5298 patients were included in the final meta‐analysis. TDF was associated with a lower risk of HCC recurrence [aHR 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.81] compared to HCC. TDF reduced the risk of late recurrence compared to ETV (aHR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.76) but not early recurrence (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76–1.02). The mortality risk was also lower with TDF compared to ETV (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.77). TDF was associated with a lower risk of recurrence and mortality than ETV after resection or ablation of HBV‐related HCC. Further prospective randomized controlled studies are warranted to validate these results.
Effects of Chinese fitness dancing on lower limb strength and fall risk in middle‐aged and older women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Feng Yan , Liu Jing , Si Jingmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study sought to identify the effect of Chinese fitness dancing on lower limb strength and fall risk in middle‐aged and older women. The MicroFET3 portable muscle strength tester, the FreeStep test system, and tests to evaluate fall risk were used to measure the maximum muscle strength, fall risk index, and static balance ability of extensor muscle groups in the lower limbs. Compared with the irregular exercise group, the maximum muscle strength of extensor muscle groups in the lower limb, five sit‐to‐stand test timings, fall risk index, static balance ability, and lower limb flexibility did not improve significantly in the 1‐year regular exercise group (p > 0.01). However, these indicators were significantly improved in the 10‐year regular exercise group compared with the 1‐year regular exercise group (p < 0.01). Long‐term regular participation in Chinese fitness dancing significantly increased muscle strength in the lower limbs and effectively lowered the fall risk index in middle‐aged and older women. Thus, long‐term regular participation in Chinese fitness dancing can be used as a preventive measure to increase muscle strength in the lower limbs and reduce the risk of falls in middle‐aged and older women.
Rhizosphere effect of nanoscale zero‐valent iron on mycorrhiza‐dependent maize assimilation
Authors: Yang Yu‐Miao , Zhu Ying , Naseer Minha , Wang Qi , Li Guang , Tao Hong‐Yan , Zhu Shuang‐Guo , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Wang Wei , Xiong You‐Cai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRhizosphere effect of nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) is crucial but little reported. Maize seeds were dressed with four nZVI concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2 g kg−1) and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae). The SEM images illuminated that excessive nZVI particles (2 g kg−1) were agglomerated on the surface of hyphae and spore, causing severe deformation and inactivation of AMF symbionts and thereafter inhibiting water uptake in maize seedlings. This restrained the scavenging effects of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) and non‐enzymatic compounds (proline & malondialdehyde) on ROS, and leaf photoreduction activity and gas exchange ability (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the inoculation with AMF effectively alleviated above negative effects. In contrast, appropriate dose of nZVI, that is, ≤1.5 g kg−1, can be evenly distributed on the hyphae surface and form the ordered symbionts with AMF. This help massively to enhance hyphae growth and water and nutrient uptake. The enhanced mycorrhizal infection turned to promote rhizosphere symbiont activity and leaf Rubisco and Rubisco activase activity. Light compensation point was massively lowered, which increased photosynthetic carbon supply for AMF symbionts. Particularly, such priming effects were evidently enhanced by drought stress. Our findings provided a novel insight into functional role of nZVI in agriculture and AMF‐led green production.
Isoprenylation modification is required for HIPP1‐mediated powdery mildew resistance in wheat
Authors: Wang Zongkuan , Zhang Heng , Li Yingbo , Chen Yiming , Tang Xiong , Zhao Jia , Yu Feifei , Wang Haiyan , Xiao Jin , Liu Jia , Zhang Xu , Sun Li , Xie Qi , Wang Xiue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew (Pm), caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most important wheat diseases. Heavy‐metal‐associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP1) has been proved playing important roles in response to biotic and a biotic stress. In present study, we proved HIPP1‐V from Haynalidia villosa is a positive regulator in Pm resistance. HIPP1‐V was rapidly induced by Bgt. Transiently or stably heterologous overexpressing HIPP1‐V in wheat suppressed the haustorium formation and enhanced Pm resistance. HIPP1‐V isoprenylation was critical for plasma membrane (PM) localization, interaction with E3‐ligase CMPG1‐V and function in Pm resistance. Bgt infection recruited the isoprenylated HIPP1‐V and CMPG1s on PM; blocking the HIPP1 isoprenylation reduced such recruitment and compromised the resistance of OE‐CMPG1‐V and OE‐HIPP1‐V. Overexpressing HIPP1‐VC148G could not enhance Pm resistance. These indicated the Pm resistance was dependent on HIPP1‐V's isoprenylation. DGEs related to the ROS and SA pathways were remarkably enriched in OE‐HIPP1‐V, revealing their involvement in Pm resistance. Our results provide evidence on the important role of protein isoprenylation in plant defense.
The regulation of plant lignin biosynthesis under boron deficiency conditions
Authors: Dong Xiaochang , Jiang Cuncang , Wei Shuwei , Jiao Huijun , Ran Kun , Dong Ran , Wang Shaomin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoron (B) is a required micronutrient that is crucial for the growth and development of vascular plants. A deficiency in B is generally regarded as a limiting factor affecting agricultural production in many parts of the world. Boron is involved in the metabolism of plant lignin and additionally, B deficiency can lead to the excessive accumulation of lignin in plant leaves/roots, resulting in corking symptoms and inhibited growth. However, the effect of B on lignin biosynthesis is not as well characterized as the specific function of B in the cell wall. In this article, recent studies on the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in plants under low‐B stress conditions are reviewed. Moreover, the following possible mechanisms underlying the lignin synthesis promoted by B deficiency are discussed: (1) the accumulation of phenolic substances during B deficiency directly enhances lignin synthesis; (2) excess H2O2 has a dual function to the enhancement of lignin under boron deficiency conditions, serving as a substrate and a signaling molecule; and (3) B deficiency regulates lignin synthesis through the expression of genes encoding transcription factors such as MYBs. Finally, future studies regarding physiology, molecules, and transcriptional regulation may reveal the mechanism(s) mediating the relationship between lignin synthesis and B deficiency. This review provides new insights and important references for future research and the enhancement of plant B nutrition.
Conditional Independence Testing in Hilbert Spaces with Applications to Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Lundborg Anton Rask , Shah Rajen D. , Peters Jonas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of testing the null hypothesis that X and Y are conditionally independent given Z, where each of X, Y and Z may be functional random variables. This generalises testing the significance of X in a regression model of scalar response Y on functional regressors X and Z. We show, however, that even in the idealised setting where additionally (X, Y, Z) has a Gaussian distribution, the power of any test cannot exceed its size. Further modelling assumptions are needed and we argue that a convenient way of specifying these assumptions is based on choosing methods for regressing each of X and Y on Z. We propose a test statistic involving inner products of the resulting residuals that is simple to compute and calibrate: type I error is controlled uniformly when the in-sample prediction errors are sufficiently small. We show this requirement is met by ridge regression in functional linear model settings without requiring any eigen-spacing conditions or lower bounds on the eigenvalues of the covariance of the functional regressor. We apply our test in constructing confidence intervals for truncation points in truncated functional linear models and testing for edges in a functional graphical model for EEG data.
Fully Coupled Analysis of Flutter Induced Limit Cycles: Frequency vs. Time Domain Methods
Authors: Berthold Christian , Groß Johann , Frey Christian , Krack Malte 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To save resources and reduce emissions, it is crucial to reduce weight of aircraft engines and further increase aerodynamic efficiency of gas and steam turbines. For turbine blades these goals often lead to flutter. Thus, innovative flutter-tolerant designs are explored, where flutter induces limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) of tolerable yet nonzero level. Flutter represents a self-excitation mechanism and, in the linear case, would lead to exponential divergence. Flutter-induced LCOs are therefore an inherently nonlinear phenomenon. The saturation of flutter-induced vibrations can be caused by nonlinear frictional contact interactions e.g. in tip shroud interfaces. To develop flutter-tolerant designs, efficient methods are required which compute LCOs based on an appropriate modeling of elastic, inertia, aerodynamic and contact forces.
We recently developed a Frequency Domain Fluid-Structure Interaction (FD-FSI) solver for flutter-induced LCOs. The solver relies on the Harmonic Balance method applied to the structure as well as the fluid domain. It was shown that especially for long and slender blades with friction in shroud interfaces and strong aerodynamic influence, a coupled analysis can significantly increase the accuracy of predicted LCOs compared to the current state-of-the-art methods. Conventional methods do not properly account for the nonlinear change of frequency and deflection shape, and the effect of these changes on the aerodynamic damping, and thus fail in predicting certain LCOs at all.
In the current work the FD-FSI solver is numerically validated against Time Domain Fluid-Structure Interaction (TD-FSI) simulations. As a test case a shrouded low pressure turbine with friction in the shroud interfaces is considered. The point of operation is highly loaded and transonic in order to make the test case challenging.
Apart from a successful validation of the FD-FSI solver, we shed light on important advantages and disadvantages of both solvers. Due to the lack of robust phase-lag boundary conditions for time domain solvers, a full blade row must be simulated. Thus, the FD-FSI solver typically requires only a fraction of the computational costs. Moreover, the FD-FSI solver contributes to an increased physical understanding of the coupled vibrations: By analyzing the contribution of individual harmonics, we analyze why unexpected even harmonics appear in a certain LCO. On the other hand, the FD-FSI solver does not provide information on the asymptotic stability of the LCOs and is strictly limited to periodic oscillations. Indeed, quasi-periodic limit torus oscillations (LTOs) appear in our test case. Using the TD-FSI solver, we confirm the internal combination resonance, postulated recently as necessary condition for LTOs, for the first time, in a fully coupled analysis.
Component Tests and Numerical Investigations to Determine the Lifetime and Failure Behavior of End Stage Blades
Authors: Frank Lukas , Weihe Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper focuses on experimental and numerical fatigue assessment procedures to evaluate the influence of multiaxial stress state caused by high centrifugal forces superimposed with bending loads due to blade vibrations on the lifetime of end stage blades from steam turbines. The experimental investigations on original-sized end stage blades were carried out on a test rig specially developed for high forces and multicomponent force application. This was based on detailed numerical simulations by the MPA University of Stuttgart. During the fractographic post-examinations of the tested blades using magnetic particle inspection, light and scanning electron microscopes, two competing damage mechanisms were identified, that occurred at different locations. Numerical investigations by means of elastic-plastic finite element analyses were carried out to estimate the local stress conditions acting in the blade root. The local stresses and strains were post-processed using the critical plane approach and advanced multiaxial fatigue damage parameters. Due to the high stress gradients at the edge of contact, over-conservative predictions may result if their effects are not taken into account. Based on the critical plane method in conjunction with fatigue damage parameters, an approach taking the stress gradient into consideration was developed to predict the fatigue life of the end stage blades. The approach is verified by the component tests on original-sized blades.