bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Freedom that has turned into a painting’
Authors: Foley Hugh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses John Ashbery’s poetry as it poses the question of autonomy. It argues that Ashbery’s poetry is concerned with distinguishing the autonomy of art and the individual conceived like a work of art from a social claim for the value of individual autonomy. He thus constantly portrays autonomy as a kind of receding or fictional image, a work of art, which returns our attention to the particularities of individuals, rather than their universal nature. Beginning with a reading of his work in The Double Dream of Spring, the chapter argues that this formulation can be read historically as a response to the homophobic invasion of privacy during the Cold War, but also through his own investments in aestheticism and the idea of the avant-garde. By looking at Ashbery’s art criticism and his conception of art in the long poem ‘Fragment’, as well as others, the chapter traces a concatenation of thoughts about autonomy in relation to American politics. The chapter argues that for Ashbery the lyric exchange functions as a way to posit an autonomy that is as provisional as the individual’s projections onto the external world. It concludes by making the case for John Ashbery’s work, and ‘Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror’ (1975) in particular, as an attempt to achieve apolitical poetry. The chapter considers what it means to take that seriously, rather than simply saying that Ashbery decentres or deconstructs the liberal subject of rights.
New Approaches to Old Questions
Authors: Rubio-Campillo Xavier , Coto-Sarmiento María 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent years have seen an increasing use of quantitative approaches in Roman studies. The growing amount of openly available archaeological datasets provides a wealth of information that could be used to inform current debates. One of the most interesting aspects of this Open Data approach to archaeology is the capability of integrating evidence collected across thousands of different sites. This trend can be very useful to understand large-scale patterns such as trade and market structure, but are more data enough? The newly available datasets will be useful if we can use them to assess the plausibility of our ideas about the economic dynamics of the Roman Empire. This comparison between working hypotheses and data is particularly challenging in the Humanities due to the fact that ideas are traditionally expressed as natural language instead of mathematics. This difference between the language used to define evidence and ideas does not allow us to quantify the error between collected data and what our explanations would predict, thus inhibiting our ability to directly assess and compare competing hypotheses. In other words, if we do not translate our explanations into formal models then it will be very difficult to know if we are wrong, and no amount of data will help us decide. We discuss here this challenge by exploring two different hypothesis-testing frameworks in the context of Roman studies: (a) null-hypothesis significance framework and (b) model selection. The benefits and limitations of both systems are discussed through a range of case studies linked to the production and distribution of olive oil. Results suggest that the combination of new data and hypothesis-testing methods can help us inform traditional debates of Roman studies as long as these quantitative approaches are able to tackle the complexities of archaeological research, including multiscalar dynamics, data fragmentation or high levels of uncertainty.
Afterword
Authors: Stolte Tyson 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis Afterword makes the case for extending the insights of Dickens and Victorian Psychology beyond nineteenth-century psychology and beyond the fiction of Charles Dickens. Dickens was not unique among his contemporaries in using first-person narration to insist upon the immateriality of the mind; the centrality of introspection to so much nineteenth-century psychology offers a key context for other first-person fiction in the period, too. Readings of the way introspection in Victorian fiction is inflected by Victorian psychology, this Afterword argues, will thus necessarily call further attention to the soul’s place in nineteenth-century conceptions of the self, offering a valuable alternative to critical accounts of the embodied mind in the period. The case made in this book for Dickens’s immersion in and contribution to Victorian psychological debate, moreover, ought to serve as a model for further exploration of Dickens’s engagement with the other sciences. Taking Dickens more seriously as a thinker, the Afterword suggests, will no doubt force us to radically revise how we read his fiction.
The Argument from Ignorance
Authors: Zimmerman Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a case in which a preventable tragedy occurs and raises the question of who, if anyone, is to blame for it. Many of those who contributed to the tragedy were ignorant of the fact that they were doing so, and it is clear that some of these people therefore have an excuse for their behavior. But it is not so clear that this is true of others who were similarly ignorant, and so the question arises: Under what conditions, precisely, does ignorance afford an excuse for wrongdoing? Pursuit of this question results in a first formulation of the Argument from Ignorance, whose conclusion is that, to be blameworthy for one’s behavior and its consequences, one must at some time in the history of that behavior have known that one was engaged in wrongdoing—a thesis that threatens to undermine many everyday ascriptions of responsibility.
Moral Responsibility
Authors: Zimmerman Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the nature of moral responsibility. Several different kinds of responsibility are distinguished with a view to highlighting and focusing on that particular kind, moral blameworthiness, with which the Argument from Ignorance is concerned. The ensuing discussion examines the relation between blameworthiness and wrongdoing, the relation between blameworthiness and quality of will, the relation between blameworthiness and the reactive attitudes, the nature of blame, what it is to be worthy of blame, the ethics of blame, and degrees of blameworthiness. Included in this chapter is a reformulation—a refinement—of the Argument from Ignorance.
Control
Authors: Zimmerman Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the nature of volitional control, the kind of control exhibited when one does something at will. Such control involves both the general ability to do the thing in question and the general ability to refrain from doing it, and it also involves the opportunity to exercise these abilities. Volitional control has several dimensions, two of which are particularly important in the context of moral responsibility and are examined in detail: the simple-intentional dimension, and the direct-indirect dimension. Also addressed are the questions of whether and how it is possible to have and exercise control over one’s omissions, what it is for control to vary in degree, and whether and how it is possible to have and exercise control over one’s beliefs.
Negligence
Authors: Zimmerman Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the nature of negligence and the question of whether and how it is possible to be blameworthy for negligent behavior. It proposes a definition according to which negligent behavior is wrongful behavior to whose wrongfulness one does not, but in some sense ought to, advert. Given that such inadvertence entails that the wrongdoing is committed unwittingly, the Argument from Ignorance implies that no one can be directly blameworthy for negligent behavior. The question is then raised whether this implication can be resisted, either on the grounds that inadvertence does not entail unwittingness, or on the grounds that one can incur direct blameworthiness simply in virtue of the fact that one ought to have known better than to behave as one did. Included in this chapter are two further reformulations of the Argument from Ignorance.
Varieties of Blameworthiness
Authors: Zimmerman Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses several objections to two key premises in the Argument from Ignorance: Premise 2, according to which one is to blame for ignorant behavior only if one is to blame for one’s ignorance, and Premise 4, according to which one is to blame for something only if one was in control of that thing. The examination of Premise 2 involves revisiting the question of blameworthiness for negligent behavior and the relation between blameworthiness and quality of will, and it includes a discussion of agent-regret and remorse. The examination of Premise 4 also involves further consideration of the relation between blameworthiness and quality of will, and it includes a discussion of doing something for the right reason and the distinction between caring for morality de re and caring for it de dicto. It is argued that whether Premise 4 is to be rejected depends on what form of blame is at issue and, furthermore, that only those forms that comport with Premise 4 are such that the worthiness of them constitutes a form of moral responsibility. Included in this chapter is a final reformulation of the Argument from Ignorance.
Establishing a Division of Agential Labor
Authors: Bazargan-Forward Saba 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 discusses how we establish divisions of agential labor via promises, requests, agreements, and, finally, commitments in shared action. Though there are several accounts on offer for these social phenomena, the argument for authority-based accountability applies to all of them. With respect to promises, in this chapter normative-power accounts, conventionalist accounts and expectationalist accounts are considered; each is compatible with the view that promises confer protected reasons, and thus, divisions of agential labor. Requests do so as well, even though, unlike promises and agreements, requests are not binding. In discussing shared action, the chapter considers Margaret Gilbert’s and Michael Bratman’s accounts. The result is that those engaged in shared action will typically (if not necessarily) bear authority-based accountability for what they together do. What about immoral promises, requests, agreements, and shared actions? They also confer protected reasons, albeit practical rather than moral ones. The chapter ends by noting that this picture can help make sense of accountability in the context of group agency.
Accomplice Liability
Authors: Bazargan-Forward Saba 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 addresses how authority-based accountability can help ground the doctrine of accomplice liability. According to this doctrine, I am legally “complicit” in a wrongdoing which you committed and for which you are accountable when I am also liable for that wrongdoing by culpably contributing to your wrongful conduct. All the accounts on offer state that an individual counts as complicit in a wrongdoing only if she contributes to that wrongdoing or otherwise causally influences the wrongdoer. Such accounts have difficulty accommodating complicity in cases of overdetermination. The chapter argues that we can accommodate such cases by interpreting complicity as a species of vicarious liability. I am vicariously liable for what you wrongfully do provided we are in the right kind of formal relationship with respect to each other—such as the relationship between a deliberator and an executor. The upshot is that authority-based accountability succeeds to accommodate complicity where “contributory” accounts fail.
Linguistic vs. Behavioural Communication
Authors: Jary Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes a diagnostic for distinguishing linguistic communication proper from behavioural communication, each of which is then modelled in the subsequent two chapters. According to the diagnostic, if there is a reasonable inference between from what is said to an implicature, then that is a case of linguistic communication proper. In behavioural communication, by contrast, an initial premise is required to the effect that the speaker said that P, in order to relate what is said and the implicature. The status of these two types of communication as Gricean is considered, and the case is made that not all Gricean communication requires the reflective capacity and folk psychology that behavioural communication relies on.
What Is Said and Behavioural Communication
Authors: Jary Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter puts forward a reflective notion of what is said, and proposes that this is employed in behavioural communication, as defined in chapter 2 and modelled here. Literature on the development of the child’s ability to characterise an utterance in terms of what is said is reviewed, and it is shown that this ability does not develop fully until around age seven, a good while after competence in basic linguistic communication has been achieved. A developmental model of implicature comprehension is proposed, and this is shown to accord with empirical findings. The two-tier model of communication that results from this and the previous chapter is compared with Recanati’s dual-system approach.
Assertion When Nothing Is Said
Authors: Jary Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assertion is typically thought to involve undertaking a commitment to the truth of what on says. How, then, can assertion be accounted for in the current model, according to which nothing is said? This chapter answers that question by showing how, on the current account, an utterance can express a proposition, despite saying nothing. Assertion can then be analysed in terms of an undertaking of commitment to the proposition explicitly expressed. The consequences of this approach for the distinction between lying and otherwise deceiving are discussed, as is the difference between asserting and presupposing.
The Barbarous Country People
Authors: Cressy David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter exposes the canard that shipwrecks occasioned gross disorder among coastal inhabitants, who were guilty of ‘barbarous spoils and rapines’. It advances and modifies historiographical discussion about the ‘moral economy’ of ‘wreckers’. It reviews hostile rhetoric from a variety of historical sources and finds it mostly exaggerated, self-serving, and misleading. Those who denounced coastal countryfolk as ‘barbarous’, ‘cruel’, and ‘inhumane’ did not so much demonstrate their charge as assert it; they did not so much describe the competition for shipwrecked goods as take sides in it. The denunciation of salvagers as ‘savage’ belonged to a rhetoric of denigration that divided English subjects between dutiful and disorderly sorts. Close inspection of recorded episodes finds minimal evidence of violence and greed and shows that ordinary scavengers worked as much in harness with mariners, local proprietors, and officials as against them. It is argued here and in subsequent chapters that shipwrecks may have stressed the social order, but its architecture remained intact.
Catholic Responses
Authors: Roy Louis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the prominent Catholic responses to the challenge of the Enlightenment during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The author confines his exposition to the Catholic treatment of the issue of revelation, and therefore does not include other aspects of modern Catholicism. The chapter begins with such responses in France and, more at length, in Germany. Following this, the chapter presents the thought of John Henry Newman on the development of doctrine. Thereafter, the chapter expounds Hans Urs von Balthasar’s remarkable construal of revelation. Finally, the chapter comments on the input of the First and the Second Vatican Councils.
Programmes, Soft Power, and Public Diplomacy
Authors: Potter Simon J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the programmes produced by international broadcasters for distant listeners. It relates these to ideas about persuasion, propaganda, soft power, and public diplomacy. It examines news broadcasting, but focuses on the other content carried by international radio services, notably music, ‘media events’, technically complex international relays, and user generated content. It looks at the schedules of early international broadcasters including the BBC and Germany’s Zeesen station, and also at Radio Bari. It assesses the use of soap opera by the BBC during the Second World War, and rock ’n’ roll music by Western broadcasters during the Cold War. It considers who was able to speak on-air, and who was not, paying particular attention to the attempts of international broadcasters to harness a diverse range of voices to their purposes. Case studies examine dramatic and literary programming on the BBC Arabic Service, and Eddy Startz’s Happy Station show.
Introduction
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This introduction sets out the contours of the book by situating the aftermath of Prussia in its wider post-war political and cultural contexts. It begins by addressing the widespread post-war impression that ‘Prussianism’ was essentially the historical engine of Nazism. It then provides an outline of why the GDR’s ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ in the 1970s and 1980s was perceived at the time as a significant cultural event. Following this, it offers a theoretical overview of how the book employs the concept of ‘historical culture’, as well as the analytical value of the term more generally. The Introduction concludes with a summary of each of the book’s five chapters.
Intellectuals
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how the political and cultural authorities of the GDR were highly reliant on the role played by professional historians in forging a new set of intellectual perspectives on the Prussian past. Not only did historians render the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ possible in the first place, it argues, they also furnished it with intellectual legitimacy. Investigating in particular the influential works of the historians Ingrid Mittenzwei and Ernst Engelberg, the chapter argues that the production of ‘revisionist’ works about Prussian history was not a result of party decree, but instead emerged organically and logically out of the research paradigms of East Germany’s academic establishments. In addition, the chapter addresses the mixed reception of the GDR’s new works on Prussia among historians in Poland.
Time, Heritage, and Nostalgia
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This final chapter argues that the GDR’s ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ must be understood within a wide European context. The broadest contextual dimension of the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ was the vast transformation in temporal awareness that pulsated through East German culture and society from the late 1960s onwards. This brought with it a thorough change in how the relationship between past, present, and future was expressed in East German cultural practices, with history coming to play a visibly more important role as the decades unfolded. The chapter accordingly argues that the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ was one manifestation of a broader shift in ‘historicity’ that can be identified in Eastern and Western Europe alike throughout the 1970s. It is this shift that provides the chapter’s overarching narrative in tracing the political and cultural transformation that Prussian history underwent throughout the forty-odd years of the GDR’s existence.
Homer and the Heroic Ideal
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter begins by showing that the essentialist ideal embodied by Achilles is constructed against the backdrop of the symbolic interactionism of conventional politics (the exercise of power by means of emotionally effective symbolic substitutions). Analysing the funeral games for Patroclus in Iliad 23, it shows that the institution of athletic contests constituted a social context in which the heroic ideal not only becomes a means of credibly transforming aristocratic privilege into an incontrovertible sign of inner superiority but also evolves into a virtual centre of the geographically dispersed Greek world. Turning to the Odyssey, the chapter reads its portrayal of the homecoming of an Iliadic hero as a reflection on the mechanism whereby poetry itself secures local rulers’ status as embodiments of the Panhellenic heroic ideal and lends a sense of purpose and cohesion to the otherwise amorphous political space of archaic Greece.
The State in the Everyday: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Chinigò Davide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe chapter situates the problematic of this book alongside ongoing discussions in African studies around methodological nationalism—the tendency of theory to restrict the analytical scope of social and political change against the lens of the nation-state—and descriptive empiricism—the tendency of theory to provide cultural explanations of state power by reifying micro empirical realities. It contends that the lens of the everyday allows for an empirical approach to map the mutual, and yet largely undetermined, constitution of state and society over time, departing from depictions of state formation in Africa that rely on meta-historical narrations, as well as the reification of micro analyses that have little scope for generalization. The chapter interrogates the everyday state by engaging with questions about the temporality of state formation, the spatial configurations of state-society relations, and the problem of subject formation in relation to state power. In particular, it critically engages with three bodies of literature addressing state formation and state-society relations in EPRDF Ethiopia in terms of centre-periphery relations, the developmental state, and authoritarianism and political culture. The chapter elaborates an approach to study the Ethiopian developmental state as a scalar project. It also suggests that a focus on the formation of the political subject allows us to revisit discussions about authoritarian governance away from political culture. This requires an empirical approach to study how state power both acts and enacts the subject into being through performative practices of recognition.
Returning from Resettlement: Rural Modernization in Waag Himra
Authors: Chinigò Davide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the case of a resettlement programme in Waag Himra (Amhara region) that the Ethiopian government implemented in the course of the 2000s. Intended to relocate rural households to less densely populated areas for humanitarian purposes, the programme entailed an increased deployment of the state apparatus in rural areas under a new political impulse on productivism. While the programme generated considerable initial expectations—despite the controversial legacy of resettlement during the Derg—most beneficiaries returned home within months after facing conflict, drought, and a lack of basic infrastructure. The chapter describes the ways in which returnees tried to make the most of limited opportunities, diversify risk, and reconstitute themselves as social, economic, and political subjects. Resettlers tried to navigate the limited opportunities offered by the programme facing significant strains both in the relocation sites and then when they returned home. The chapter conceptualizes resettlement as a form of development-induced displacement, which is one of the defining features of state-society interactions under EPRDF. By categorizing the rural population in groups based on relative wealth, and hence creating a group of ‘chronically food insecure’ people to relocate, resettlement generated significant dynamics of rural social differentiation, which contributed to further marginality, inequalities, and socio-economic exclusion.