bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it a challenging task to work with personal protective equipment in a COVID-19 ICU
Authors: Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Surbhi  , Balaji Akshaya , Ganesh Ragul , Daniel Roy Arokiam , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Singh Akhil Kant , Khanna Puneet , Gupta Viney , Trikha Anjan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for healthcare workers to remain protected against infection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate challenges faced by the healthcare workers while using level 3 PPE.

Methods:
This hospital-based study was conducted among resident doctors selected by convenience sampling method using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire after getting informed consent from the participants to collect data on the somatic, psychological, and technical problems faced while working in PPE. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done between outcome variables and other independent variables to check for the association.

Results:
Of the total, 252 resident doctors completed the survey, their age ranged from 22 to 36 years with 140 (55.6%) males and 112 (44.4%) females. One-twenty-nine (51.2%) residents were trained to work in ICU, 73 (29%) participants used PPE ≤10 times and the rest 179 (71%) used PPE more than 10 times. The difficulties faced were as follows: visual impairment (n = 244, 96.8%), headache (n = 226, 89.6%), breathing difficulty (n = 216, 85.7%), hearing impairment (n = 201, 79.8%), sweating (n = 242, 96%), and fear of being infected (n = 156,61.9%). Two-thirty-six (93.6%) participants felt that overall work quality reduced due to PPE. Headache, hunger, urge to micturate, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and need to change the timing of medication or diet were higher with increased duration of work with PPE.

Conclusion:
A longer duration of work is associated with headache, hunger, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. More research has to be done to improve the PPE to reduce problems like visual impairment, skin irritation, sweating, and breathing difficulty.
Epidemiological correlates of hepatitis C infection- A case control analysis from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Pranjl , Satija Mahesh , Chaudhary Anurag , Singh Surinderpal , Sharma Sarit , Girdhar Sangeeta , Gupta Vikram Kumar , Bansal Priya 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered one of the growing public health problems. Identification of HCV-associated risk factors is pivotal for developing appropriate prevention strategies

Objectives:
To determine the epidemiological variables of HCV infection in a tertiary care hospital

Methods:
This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Punjab on 320 subjects, including 160 cases and controls each. Cases and controls were matched by age (±5 years), gender, and residence. A patient ≥18 years of age fulfilling the biomarker criteria with or without clinical criteria diagnosed in the last 1 month was considered as a case. The information on socio-demographic characteristics and previous exposures to selected risk factors was collected through detailed interviews of the subjects. Analysis was performed using SPSS 20 statistical software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to measure the strength of association between cases and controls for each risk factor

Results:
Odds of having HCV infection was significantly higher among those with a history of blood transfusion (OR: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.14–4.63), dental procedure (OR: 4.82, 95%CI: 2.38–9.77) and intravenous injection/infusion from quacks (OR: 3.26, 95%CI: 1.47–7.19), injectable drug use (OR: 26.69, 95%CI: 3.55–200.24), non-injectable drug use (OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.44–3.90), tattooing (OR: 7.91, 95%CI: 2.31–27.08), and piercing from street hawkers (OR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.18–4.29). Multivariate analysis identified history of blood transfusion, dental procedure, intravenous injection/infusion from quacks, injecting drug use, and piercing as independent risk factors for HCV infection

Conclusion:
The study identified multiple risk factors for acquiring HCV infection and suggest appropriate interventions targeting high-risk populations.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction of the patient with diabetes at the primary care level
Authors: Maldonado-Paredes Sarahi Estrella , Juárez-Cedillo Teresa , de la Peña Jorge Escobedo , Vaca-Marín Miguel Angel , Quiñones-Villalobos Carolina , Garrido-Acosta Osvaldo , González-Meléndez Roberto C. 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
To develop and validate a new instrument to measure satisfaction with integral care (doctor–nurse) of the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, considering expectations-experiences together for the primary level of care

Methods:
The instrument was constructed with questions regarding integral care to measure the satisfaction of the diabetes patient and was classified into four domains. The validity of the content was done through a panel of experts, apparent validity through a focus group, the validity of the construct through analysis of the main components and confirmatory factorial analysis, instrument reliability with internal consistency, determined by Cronbach alpha and temporal stability (test-retest)

Results:
The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.942. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.849. Validity of the construct showed acceptable goodness-of-fit and factorial structure with four factors: communication, empathy, technical care, care continuity, and 24 items for each domain, giving a Kayser–Meyer–Olkin index above 0.80 and a total variance above 73%

Conclusions:
The instrument is reliable and is also valid in terms of up into construct and content to evaluate satisfaction.

Practice Implications:
In addition, these results allow to have elements for the design of strategies aimed at improving the relationship of health personnel with the patient.
Vaccine hesitancy after taking the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Bansal Yashik , Chand Pragya , Bansal Naveen , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaigns are trying to curb the pandemic by vaccinating as many individuals and as quickly as possible. The speed of immunization depends upon the availability of the vaccine and vaccine uptake by the communities, which in turn is related to vaccine hesitancy, the safety/efficacy profile of the vaccines, and adverse events following immunization (AEFI)

Objectives:
(i) To study the AEFI experienced by vaccine recipients and (ii) to assess the subjective effect of these AEFI on the vaccine recipients, that is, perceived disability and opinion regarding taking the vaccine’s second dose

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital where a questionnaire was distributed to the medical students who had taken at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine

Results:
Out of 208 participants, more than three-quarters (n = 169, 81.2%) experienced AEFI symptoms within 12 hours of vaccination. The commonest symptoms were pain at the injection site (n = 173, 83.2%), body aches (n = 91, 43.8%), fever (n = 88, 42.3%), weakness (n = 86, 41.3%), and headache (n = 72, 34.6%). A majority of the participants reported complete recovery within 13–24 hours. Complete recovery was seen in all the study participants, and no serious event was seen. Twenty (10%) participants reported that they were not confident in taking the second dose of the vaccine

Conclusions:
The disability perceived by the vaccine recipients should be taken into consideration in a vaccine with a multi-dose schedule. Pitfalls in alleviating the immunization-related anxiety should be identified and addressed.
Clinicoepidemiological profile of COVID-19 patients admitted at a teaching institute in a hilly area of India during the second wave—A retrospective observational study
Authors: Udayar Sharvanan E. , Marella Krishnaveni , Naidu Shwetha , Sinha Shwetha 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
COVID-19 ongoing pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, and India has recorded the second highest number of confirmed cases till now. In the absence of effective treatment, it becomes crucial to know about the course of the disease in hospital settings for effective patient care. The present study discusses the clinicoepidemiological, haematological and biochemical determinants among survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in a hilly area

Methods:
A record-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the government hospital from March 2021 to June 2021, which included all confirmed cases of 18 years and above. Demographic details, delayed admission, co-morbidities and laboratory parameters were collected

Results:
Out of a total of 1267 COVID-19 patients, the mean age of survived and succumbed was 50.77 ± 16.1 and 60.50 ± 14.2 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean survival time in males (17.7 days) was lesser compared to that in females (20.3 days). Two hundred and twelve of them practised self-medication. The mean duration of delayed testing (2.95 ± 2.3 vs 3.36 ± 2.2 days), mean values of haemoglobin (11.39 ± 2.1 vs 12.5 ± 1.7), platelet count (193.8 ± 94.6 vs 253.1 ± 105.9), leucocyte count (11.53 ± 5.72 vs 9.11 ± 5.21), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (10.0 ± 2.9 vs 7.3 ± 3.5), urea (61.16 ± 51.8 vs 30.2 ± 21.2) and creatinine (2.13 ± 2.9 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3) among the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increasing age, contact history, hypertension [OR 3.2 (95% CI, 1.40–7.39)], diabetes [OR 1.9 (95% CI, 0.81–4.40)] and chronic kidney disease [OR 15.4 (95% CI, 5.23–45.71)] were found to be associated with increased risk of mortality (P < 0.005)

Conclusions:
Public health interventions like contact tracing, testing and early identification of laboratory parameters and treatment on priority would help in providing effective care so that the mortality can be reduced.
Concurrent evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Kashmir
Authors: Bashir Khalid , Qurieshi Mariya Amin , Kausar Zeenat , Khan Shahzada Muhammad Salim 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Active acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases surveillance in children under 15 years is ongoing till reaching eradication of poliomyelitis in the globe. As there is always a high risk of importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) from the endemic countries, accurate surveillance for AFP cases to detect WPV circulation and to maintain our achievement is thoroughly essential.

Objectives:
To evaluate the performance of the AFP surveillance system in Kashmir Valley. To identify gaps, if any, in AFP surveillance.

Materials and Methods:
The Mixed Methods study was conducted in the Kashmir valley from March 2018 to March 2019. An explorative qualitative design using individual, face-to-face interviews with thirty-two (32) different stakeholders from the State, District, Medical Block, and PHC levels. To complement the qualitative study, a quantitative door-to-door survey was done in two Districts, Srinagar and Ganderbal, which consist of five and four Medical Blocks respectively.

Results:
The thematic qualitative analysis approach was used, and the analysis process resulted in five themes. 1. Stakeholders’ description of AFP surveillance. 2. Perception and awareness, appraisal of AFP Surveillance among stakeholders 3. Barriers in reporting AFP cases 4. Forging stronger linkages, improved planning in the health system to address gaps in AFP surveillance. 5. Enhancement of activities for sensitive AFP surveillance. In door to door survey of households in different sub-centre areas, a total of n = 1304 families were visited in which maximum (n = 647) families had two <15 years’ children. In the survey, only one AFP case was recorded from Sub-Centre Kurag.

Conclusion:
There is a need for sensitive AFP surveillance by working on various factors, including training, behavioural change of health workers, improving reporting of cases, especially efforts are needed for the formation of effective AFP surveillance system by forging cooperation with different segments of the health system.
An epidemiological study on morbidity profile and predictors of health seeking behaviour among elderly population in a tribal dominant state of India
Authors: Soren Santosh Kumar , Sunderam Shalini , Deo Manish , Kujur Anit , Singh Shashi Bhushan , Kachhap Atul 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Ageing is defined as a process of deterioration in the functional capacity of an individual that results from structural changes, with the advancement of age. Globally the geriatric population has increased from 8% in 2012 to 8.5% in 2015 and expected to rise by 22% in 2050. Hence we planned to study morbidity profiles and predictors of health-seeking behaviour among the elderly population in Ormanjhi, Ranchi

Methodology:
A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand for a period of six months (March-August 2018). The study was done among 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the eligibility criteria, selected by cluster sampling and those not giving their consent were excluded from the study. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0

Results:
A total of 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the study criteria, were enrolled during the study. The majority of the age group was found between 60-69 years (71.8%). Around 202 (98.1%) of which resided in rural areas, nearly half 102 (49.5%) depended on pension for livelihood and 108 (52.4%) were illiterate. Two-fifth of the study subjects (40.3%) consulted a government doctor if any health problems occurred followed by 30.5% preferred a private doctor and 20.1% consulted unqualified practitioners. Most of the study participants (64.5%) did not seek medical care due to financial reasons followed by 14.5% considered it a minor illness than 13% complained that health facility far away and 8.1% considered that old age itself as a disease. Non tribal ethnicity, participants who had their own source of income and co-morbidity were significantly associated with health seeking behaviour

Conclusion:
Most participants in this study suffered from morbidities which also affect their quality of life. It was also observed that most of them were not dependent on others for their daily activities. Health seeking behaviour was found to be appropriate in nearly two third (70%) of elderly subjects in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
To determine the role of ultrasonography as a primary imaging modality as compared to MRI in patients with shoulder pain
Authors: Barad Hardev V. , Patel Viral , Patel Shreya , Patel Mamta 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Prevalence of shoulder pain in general population worldwide ranges from 16 -26%. It is necessary to evaluate different causative factors in shoulder pain and explore the utility of ultrasonography in rotator cuff and non-rotator cuff diseases as a primary imaging modality and reserve MRI for unequivocal cases

Aims:
To evaluate patients with shoulder pain using ultrasound as first line of imaging modality compared to MRI.

Methods and Material:
A Prospective Cross-sectional Descriptive and Analytical study was done in patients with shoulder pain referred to radiology department for USG and MRI.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Analysis was performed using STATA (14.2). Descriptive statistics was used to portray baseline profile of study population. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Kappa value used

Results:
In the resent study the maximum patients were between 40-59 years with Male: Female ratio of 3.5:1. Trauma was the most common etiological factor and restricted range of motion was seen in 47 (94%). Supraspinatus tendon was the most common tendon to show abnormality followed by Subscapularis. For Supraspinatus tendon and Subscapularis tendon partial thickness tear- USG had a sensitivity of 90.62% and 100%, specificity of 88.88% and 95.74%, PPV of 93.5% and 60.00% and NPV of 84.21% and 100% respectively

Conclusion:
Ultrasound although being operator dependent and not as accurate as MRI, provides rapid real time non-invasive cross-sectional imaging of joint and thus can be considered as primary modality for imaging rotator cuff pathologies, as it is readily available and cost effective.
Mental health of hypertensive patients and its association with their blood pressure in a rural area of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sundarrajan Indra B. , Muthukumar T. , Raja V. Pragadeesh , Thresa Sahaya S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, are often associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and somatization. Approximately, one-fourth of the adults were diagnosed with hypertension, and the proportion will reach about one-third by 2025. The prevalence of hypertension throughout India is 29.8% and the burden of hypertension in a rural area of Tamil Nadu is 25.2%. The compliance of drug intake depends on the mental health of the patient and this study intends to take care of patients with chronic illnesses. This study is designed to assess the mental health of hypertensive patients and its association with their blood pressure.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among hypertensive patients in the field practice of a tertiary care medical college in the Kancheepuram district for a period of 3 months using a semi-structured validated schedule after obtaining the informed consent. The depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) scale was used to assess the mental health of hypertensive patients. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.

Results:
Most hypertensive patients were found in the age group of 40 to 60 years. About 53.4% of hypertensive patients with normal blood pressure were suffering from depression. In addition, about 44.6% of pre-hypertensive patients and 44.6% of stage II hypertensive patients were found to have severe depression.

Conclusion:
Overall, pre-hypertensive patients were suffering from depression when compared to other hypertensive patients. Family history and tobacco and alcohol intake were other factors associated with depression in hypertensive patients.
Infectious rate of ocular discharges in patients with approved COVID-19 respiratory infection
Authors: Davarnia Behzad , Ojaghi Habib , Jeddi Farhad , Bagheri Masood , Najafi Amin 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Since the relation between ocular manifestation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been not elucidated well, thus this study was performed to assess the transmission to patients and healthcare providers via ocular secretions, and to decide if there is a link between ocular symptoms and COVID-19.

Methods:
A total of 101 patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the clinical symptoms, radiological studies and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and hospitalized in Corona ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from April 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. Ocular examination was done and patients’ demographical data and ocular symptoms were recorded. Also, ocular secretion specimens were obtained to evaluate the COVID-19 RT-PCR test to detect the virus in ocular secretion specimen.

Results:
In this study, we observed that 15.8% of patients had positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 in their ocular secretion specimens. In addition, we showed that there is no difference between male and female as well as age in patients with positive RT-PCR and negative tests obtained from ocular secretion. In addition, we observed that 27 patients (26.7%) were symptomatic patients for ocular manifestations including conjunctivitis, epiphora, injection, discharge, etc., but only 2 patients (1.98%) had follicular conjunctivitis during examination. Besides, nonsymptomatic patients (for ocular manifestations) had significant lower rate of positive RT-PCR test from their ocular secretion.

Conclusion:
This study showed that ocular secretion might be a source of COVID-19 infection even in nonsymptomatic patients. Thus, self-protection from ocular secretion should be observed by ophthalmologists from all patients (even nonsymptomatic patients).
Expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP in the serum of patients undergoing single-sitting and multiple-sitting root canal treatment
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Bhardwaj Monika , Doley Bonita , Manas Abhigyan , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , Patil Prajakta B. , Singh Kishore K. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In recent times, single-sitting root canal therapy has gained momentum over multiple-sitting root canal therapy due to its superior clinical outcome and less time required for treating the patient. Aim: Thus, the aim of current study was to compare the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the serum of patients undergoing single-sitting and multiple-sitting root canal treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted on 300 subjects who were indicated for root canal treatment. Subjects were categorized into Group I (single visit) and Group II (multiple visits).Clinical data was obtained and serum samples were collected both before and after 1 week of treatment completion. Inclusion criteria were those patients (a) over 18 years of age, (b) without any disease of inflammatory etiology, and (c) who had not previously received endodontic treatment or any related therapeutic treatment. Exclusion criteria were those (a) without a complete clinical history, (b) with greater than one indicated tooth, (c) who did not complete their treatment, and (d) with any periodontal disease. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were applied.

Results:
It was found that in single-sitting root canal treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in these inflammatory biomarkers, although no difference in clinical efficacy was observed.

Conclusion:
Single-visit root canal treatment is a better option for treatment of pulpitis compared to multiple-sitting treatment.
Oral health-related attitude and practices of transgender population in Puducherry UT, India---A cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Usha , John Bindu M. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Oral health is apparently compromised among the transgenders and not enough data is available on the same, without which appropriate measures cannot be drafted and implemented.

Objective:
To determine oral health practices among transgender population of Puducherry UT, India.

Material and Methods:
A close-ended questionnaire was used to elicit responses on attitude and practices related to oral health. Self-identified transgenders were included in this study following a snowball sampling technique. Data on educational level, brushing habits, deleterious habits (tobacco and alcohol), visits to any dentist and sugar consumption was recorded. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics.

Results:
More than 72% had education above high school, 86.1% used tooth brush to clean their teeth, 47% had never been to a dentist, more than 50% did not receive any oral care, 61% used associated products of tobacco, majority had a high sugar exposure and more than 55% consumed alcohol every day in varying quantities.

Conclusion:
Findings of this study suggests that efforts need to be increased to create awareness on oral hygiene among this socially stigmatized community to have a positive dental health attitude and behaviour.