bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the relational determinants of health
Authors: Abdikarim I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Problem
The persistence of systemic discrimination and inappropriate responses to unmet need by institutions in response to current challenges (COVID-19, austerity, war) requires a fresh look at the gaps in our response to inequities. We found evidence of avoidable inequity and harm associated with the relationships between individuals, communities, organizations, and governance structures. These have been described as the Relational Determinants of Health.

Results
We undertook a scoping review to find research and policy interventions to address this problem. The relationships between individuals, communities and institutions that underpin how health is experienced and lives are lived were rarely considered explicitly in the design and implementation of interventions to address inequalities other than at local level or in response to individual trauma. We found academic work co-created with indigenous peoples did address trauma experienced due to historical structural violence and discrimination. It recognised the importance of land, culture, ceremony, and language in the organization of inter-personal, community and institutional relationships, codified the relational determinants of health and tested interventions that changed them. By applying assemblage theory, relationships with individuals and communities that had been previously excluded and harmed were being redesigned. These promising findings, replicated in different settings, indicate that relationships between communities and authorities that appear structural, are not fixed but can be primed to be changed for the better.

Conclusions
To reduce the scale of future inequalities, it is essential that we chronicle and quantify the impact of the Relational Determinants of Health. We present a model that will enable methods for gathering evidence for change to be established, and to support interventions that will improve our research, advocacy, and policy responses to this challenge.

Key messages
• Discrimination and unmet health need are associated with the quality of relationships between individuals, communities and institutions.
• Attention to the Relational Determinants of Health can help institutions reduce exclusion and harm by working with communities to redesign relationships.
The integrated GOR-COVID-19 health monitor: protocol for a comprehensive approach
Authors: van Duinkerken A , Bosmans M , Tak N , Baliatsas C , Jansen N , de Vetten-Mc Mahon M , Marra E , Dückers M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The global COVID-19-pandemic influences people's health, both directly through infection and indirectly through the protective measures taken by governments. Previous experience with health research after disasters/crises are generally limited to short-lasting, local disasters with direct consequences for those affected. The COVID-19-pandemic has a different nature: influencing everyone and lasting a longer time. A longitudinal, wide-reaching research-approach is needed to study the health effects of COVID-19. Therefore, the Network GOR-COVID-19, a research group consisting of different organizations, started a monitor on the health effects of COVID-19.

Methods
The monitor consists of three main elements: yearly monitoring, quarterly monitoring and literature reviews. Where possible, existing data structures are used. For the quarterly monitoring, two data sources are used: general practitioners’ [GP] registry data and data gathered from panels. The GP data is used for weekly surveillance, giving insight into the prevalence of health symptoms presented to the GP. The panel data is used to gain insight into current self-reported health and wellbeing of people. For the yearly monitoring, two data sources are used. The first is GP data which gives information about the prevalence, incidence and development of symptoms, complaints and diagnoses. It allows for comparison over time and among different population groups. The second is the corona health monitor questionnaire, an existing questionnaire on health and well-being. Finally, literature reviews are conducted annually to create an overview of international and national research about the effects of the COVID-19-pandemic on health.

Discussion
Since most of our knowledge about the potential impact of the pandemic stems from research on short-term disasters, limited to specific places, this study is expected to provide valuable new insights.
The integrated GOR-COVID-19 health monitor: research-informed policy-making through dialogue
Authors: Jansen N , Marra E , de Vetten-Mc Mahon M , Dückers M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Like in many other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic and the government restrictions introduced to contain the spread of the virus had major consequences for the health and wellbeing of the population in the Netherlands. To monitor the short and long-term public health impact, a nationally coordinated research program was initiated with the intention to guide decision-making by local and national public health authorities. This contribution presents the process to establish a continuous dialogue with end-users of information to add focus to the monitor, make sense of the findings and formulate policy recommendation and practical guidance, both at the national and regional level.

Methods
To facilitate the translation and dissemination of research results among policy makers, practitioners and scientists, an ongoing series of dialogue sessions is organized during the monitoring program. Apart from the objective of evidence-informed public health decision-making, the dialectic process seeks to ensure multi-sectoral learning and co-creation and contribute to a broad sense of ownership among stakeholders. National and regional health participants serve as hub coordinators. New stakeholders are invited and will be actively approached wherever considered relevant.

Results
At the EUPHA conference experiences with organizing the dialogue in app. the first two years of the program will be presented together with preliminary results and a reflection on factors that helped or hindered the implementation and uptake of findings.

Discussion
Monitoring data collected using robust methods and analyzed in such a way that vulnerability factors are carefully considered, is invaluable for decision-making. However, in order to effectively serve as guidance to public health policy, whether in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic or in non-crisis situations, a constructive, ongoing exchange between end-users of the information needs to be facilitated.
8.H. Workshop: Health equity and Chronic diseases: Public health and Primary care roles
Authors:   Organised by: Western University (Canada),   Chair persons: Saverio Stranges (EUPHA-CHR), Tatjana Makovski (France)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Publicly funded health systems are based on the principle of universal access to care. However, significant gaps still exist between services needed and services received (i.e. unmet need for healthcare), especially in chronic disease management and prevention, particularly affecting marginalized groups in the society. Public Health and Primary Care should be working in integrated systems, as they are crucial in addressing health needs in the community and population at large. Several international organizations and leading scholars in the field have been advocating for the integration or primary care and public health to improve population health as well as to tackle complex issues such as multimorbidity. However, these two sectors are still working in silos across several countries, with a significant negative impact in terms of efficiency of the services provided and health care costs. The aim of this workshop will be to provide a global perspective on the issue of health equity in chronic disease management and prevention, with focus on marginalized population subgroups, such as elderly, immigrants and people from low socioeconomic status. We will discuss as well the determinants of unmet health needs for access to primary care in middle-aged and older adults, and examine the reasons for unmet need. We will further discuss about the need and strategies for enhanced integration between public health and primary care in chronic disease management and prevention.

Key messages
• Public health systems are based on the principle of universal access to care. However, significant gaps still exist between services needed and services received (i.e. unmet need for healthcare).
• Public Health and Primary Care should be working in integrated systems to tackle complex issues such as multimorbidity.
Core Features of the GP to be transferred during JADECARE and transfer challenges
Authors: Txarramendieta J , Roca J , Zahorka M , Strand Kudajewski K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this second presentation, the representatives of each of the four JADECARE oGPs, Jon Txarramendieta (Kronikgune, Basque Country, Spain), Josep Roca (August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Catalonia, Spain), Manfred Zahorka (Optimedis AG, Germany) and Kuno Strand Kudajewski (Health Innovation Centre, Southern Denmark) will describe the main traits of the Core Features of their practices and the Next adopters that will transfer and adapt them highlighting the transfer challenges.
The salutogenesis perspective of Health Literacy
Authors: Saboga-Nunes L , Medeiros M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Health Literacy (HL) is the third pillar of Health Promotion and contributes to the sustainability agenda set earlier in Rio de Janeiro and latter in Shangai (e.g. WHO Shanghai Declaration, 2016). Nevertheless HL per se lacks consistency and structural modus faciendi implementation and practice. Therefore it is proposed that a discussion be developed based in the salutogenesis embodiment of health literacy from the perspective of children's Sense of Coherence.

Methods
A population cross-sectional study included (n = 725) children enrolled in the school year 2018/2019 of four schools in Santarem and Lisbon, Portugal. Indicators of anthropometric data, Health literacy (HL), water intake (WI) and nutrition status (NS) and their Sense of Coherence (SoC) levels (using the HLS-EU-PT questionnaire) were collected with the CrAdLiSa online self-administered questionnaire.

Results
Preliminary results show that the instrument to measure HL (HLS-EU-PT) show satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0,94) and association with SoC (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0,89). The higher is HL levels the higher results are found in the Comprehensibility component of the SoC. The older the age, the amount of WI perception is adequate (p = 0.03); male children (p = 0,02) and children that attend schools in urban area (p = 0,01) drink more water; and have a higher SoC. Also the older the age, the lower the levels of HL (p = 0.000); children with higher levels of HL have greater WI (p = 0.01) as they have a broader perception of the adequate amount of water needed to be healthy.

Conclusions
These results of CrAdLiSa study explore further on the theoretical perspectives influencing HL. They also showed the usability of the SoC and the HLS-EU-PT questionnaires adapted for children to assess their SoC and HL levels.
8.L. Round table: Breaking the barriers: gender equality and women empowerment in public health practice
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHAnxt, EUPHA-PHPP, EUPHA SDG5WG,   Chair persons: Sofia Ribeiro (EUPHA-PHPP), Jinane Ghattas (EUPHAnxt)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Gender equality is an issue in the public health arena. Though women make 70% of the healthcare workforce, there is an average 28% pay gap. (WHO, 2019). Other barriers have been identified in the literature. (Lancet, 2019) Work-life balance, gender discrimination, sexual harassment or assault in the workplace are pointed out in research studies. Consequences of poor work-life balance include insufficient time with families, difficulties in handling work and all household responsibilities, affecting childbearing decisions. Women also decline leadership opportunities, such as promotions and committee chair positions, because of family obligations. Gender discrimination included feeling inferior and discouragement from promotions or leadership positions on the basis of gender. Another identified barrier was the lack of a safe and unbiased system for seeking help following harassment or assault. Issues related to work-life balance became even more apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic, which placed a disproportionate burden in female public health workers. In the recovery phase, we have an opportunity to rethink public health delivery in order to make it a more equal, less biased, and safe place for women. This should be a concerted effort, involving men and vulnerable populations such as trans women and underrepresented ethnic groups, to ensure that no one is left behind. As one of the leading public health organizations in Europe, the European Public Health Association is committed to join efforts to address this issue in the multiple public health arenas: public health practice, policy and research. This panel discussion is a collaboration between the EUPHA Working Group on gender equality and women's and girl's empowerment, the Policy and Practice section and EUPHAnxt, and is for any conference participant that is committed to reducing the gender gap in public health. The aim of this panel discussion is two-fold. First, we aim at discussing the barriers that female healthcare workers face on an everyday basis, and their impact on their careers. Secondly, we aim at discussing how institutions and individuals can address these barriers and contribute to enhanced gender equality in the public health arena. Following panelists’ interventions (additional speakers have been invited and will be confirmed at a later stage), the audience will be invited to participate in a discussion on gender barriers they have experienced and how those could be addressed.

Key messages
• Public health practice still faces several barriers to gender equality.
• Identifying barriers to gender equality and discussing strategies to overcome them is a step towards achieving gender equality in the workforce.

Speakers/Panellists
Marie Guichardon
EUPHA
Marleen Bekker
EUPHA-PHPP
Adolescent Binge Drinking in the West of Ireland: Associated Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Kelly C , McNamara Á 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to examine potential risk and protective factors for binge drinking among a cohort of 15-16-year-old adolescents in the West of Ireland. This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of 4,473 15-16-year-olds who participated in the 2020 Planet Youth survey. Binge drinking was defined as ever consumption of five or more drinks in a two-hour period or less. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between potential risk and protective factors and binge drinking. A p-value of &lt; 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The prevalence of binge drinking among participants was 34.1%. Female gender (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.46-0.67, p &lt; 0.001) and non-White ethnicity (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.77, p = 0.002) were associated with reduced odds of ever binge drinking. Self-rated ‘bad/very bad’ mental health (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.26-2.06, p &lt; 0.001), current cigarette use (aOR 4.06, 95% CI 3.01-5.47, p &lt; 0.001) and current cannabis use (aOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.80-4.31, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with increased odds of ever binge drinking. Parental supervision (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.88, p &lt; 0.001) and negative parental reaction to adolescent drunkenness (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42-0.61, p &lt; 0.001) reduced the odds of ever binge drinking among participants. Getting alcohol from parents was associated with increased odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.42-2.25, p &lt; 0.001). Adolescents with friends who drink alcohol had almost 5 times higher odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 4.59, 95% CI 2.65-7.94, p &lt; 0.001). Participating in team sports was also associated with increased odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.57, p = 0.008 for 1-4 times/week, aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.16, p = 0.020 for ≥5 times/week). This study highlights key influences of adolescents’ social environment on their binge drinking, and a need for renewed public health efforts to protect adolescents from alcohol-related harm.

Key messages
• This study identified a high prevalence of ever binge drinking among adolescents in the West of Ireland - this is highly concerning as adolescents are vulnerable to alcohol-related harm.
• This study identified factors in the social environment of adolescents associated with binge drinking. This can inform public health action to protect adolescents from alcohol-related harm.
Early childcare type and child development at age 3.5 years, data from the French ELFE cohort
Authors: Gomajee R , Barry K , Melchior M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Early childcare has been linked to child development in some countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of early childcare in the French context, where children can attend different types of childcare facilities prior to age 3 when they enter kindergarten, and development at age 3.5 years.

Methods
10,683 children from the ELFE French national birth cohort were classified into 4 groups depending on their main type of childcare between birth and age three: childminder (n = 5,014), centre-based childcare (n = 2,583), informal childcare (n = 777) and parents only (n = 2,465). Children's development was measured with the short form of the Child Development Inventory (CDI) via parents-reports at age 3.5 years. The CDI score was transformed into a Development Quotient (DQ) taking into account the child's age, and global developmental delay was defined as DQ &lt; 90. Missing data was imputed by Fully Conditional Multiple Imputation with 10 imputations. Multinomial analyses were carried out adjusted by Inverse Probability Weighting based on Propensity Scores calculated using main selection and confounding variables.

Results
Compared to children who were cared for by parents only, children who were cared for by a childminder or in a centre-based childcare had a higher DQ (103.0 and 104.8 respectively) as well as a lower likelihood of global developmental delay (propensity-score weighted OR = 0.84, [95% CI 0.70-1.01] and propensity-score weighted OR = 0.54, [95% CI 0.44-0.66]) respectively.

Conclusions
In the French context, early centre-based childcare attendance is significantly associated with a lower risk of global child delay. Policies should make centre-based childcare more accessible to a broader number of children.

Key messages
• Early childcare type is linked to child development in France.
• Children in centre-based childhood had a lower likelihood of developmental delay compared to those looked after by parents only.
Leadership in public health crisis: a review to summarize lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Valz Gris A , Gualano MR , Osti T , Villani L , Corona VF , D'ambrosio F , Lomazzi M ,   Collaborating Group Leadership Coalition, Cascini F , Favaretti F , Ricciardi W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several public health challenges were faced, requiring worldwide leaders able to direct, guide, and establish appropriate strategies. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence on public health leadership during the COVID-19 era.

Methods
The systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. A search of relevant articles was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible articles were any type of publication, published between 2020 and 2022, that outlined one or more characteristics of effective public health leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic We excluded all articles that did not explicitly address the COVID-19 pandemic or had a different setting.

Results
A total of 2499 records were screened, and 45 articles were included. We identified 93 characteristics, clustered in six groups, that were reported as fundamental to be an effective leader in public health crises worldwide. Emotional intelligence and human traits (reported by 46.67% of the articles) were considered essential to build trust in the population and ensure cooperation with working groups. Communication skills (47%) are considered necessary to enable people to understand and accept measures. A supportive, multidisciplinary team and accountability mechanisms (33,33%) were highlighted as central elements, especially in the international field, to ensure reliability and consistency in action. Management skills (35,56%), adaptability (44,44%), and evidence-based approach (33,33%) were reported as key capabilities to ensure a prompt and rapid response to the challenges created by the pandemic.

Conclusions
The identification of the attributes of an effective public health leader conducted in this study is useful in choosing the key personalities who must lead public health today and in the training of tomorrow's European and worldwide leaders to be ready to face future threats.

Key messages
• Effective public health leaders in crisis are empathetic and trustworthy people, who have developed management and communication skills, and are able to make timely and evidence-based decisions.
• In order to create leaders capable of facing future threats, more emphasis in the training of public health workforce on soft skills and management competencies should be recommended.