bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide inhibits urinary bladder cancers via suppression of β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Matsue Taisuke , Gi Min , Shiota Masayuki , Tachibana Hirokazu , Suzuki Shugo , Fujioka Masaki , Kakehashi Anna , Yamamoto Tomoki , Kato Minoru , Uchida Junji , Wanibuchi Hideki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in maintaining pH homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of CA2 was associated with invasion and progression of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in humans. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide (Ace) on N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)‐induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice and explore the function of CA2 in muscle invasion by UC. Male mice were treated with 0.025% (experiment 1) or 0.05% BBN (experiment 2) in their drinking water for 10 weeks, then treated with cisplatin (Cis), Ace, or Cis plus Ace for 12 weeks. In experiment 1, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Ace and BBN→Cis+Ace groups. In experiment 2, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Cis+Ace group, and the incidence of muscle invasive UC was significantly decreased in both the BBN→Ace and the BBN→Cis+Ace groups. We also show that overexpression of CA2 by human UC cells T24 and UMUC3 significantly increased their migration and invasion capabilities, and that Ace significantly inhibited migration and invasion by CA2‐overexpressing T24 and UMUC3 cells. These data demonstrate a functional association of CA2 with UC development and progression, confirming the association of CA2 with UC that we had shown previously by immunohistochemical analysis of human UC specimens and proteome analysis of BBN‐induced UC in rats. Our finding that inhibition of CA2 inhibits UC development and muscle invasion also directly confirms that CA2 is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancers.
Development of a novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor with potent antitumor activity and immune activation
Authors: Du Mengyan , Yu Ting , Zhan Qinjinge , Li Han , Zou Yiping , Geng Meiyu , Meng Tao , Xie Zuoquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLactate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment was shown to be closely related to tumor growth and immune escape, and suppression of lactate production by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has been pursued as a potential novel antitumor strategy. However, only a few potent LDHA inhibitors have been developed and most of them did not show potent antitumor effects in vivo. To this end, we designed new LDHA inhibitors and obtained a novel potent LDHA inhibitor, ML‐05. ML‐05 inhibited cellular lactate production and tumor cell proliferation, which was associated with inhibition of ATP production and induction of reactive oxygen species and G1 phase arrest. In a mouse B16F10 melanoma model, intratumoral injection of ML‐05 significantly reduced lactate production, inhibited tumor growth, and released antitumor immune response of T cell subsets (Th1 and GMZB+CD8 T cells) in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, ML‐05 treatment combined with programmed cell death‐1 Ab or stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) could sensitize the antitumor activity in B16F10 melanoma model. Collectively, we developed a novel potent LDHA inhibitor, ML‐05, that elicited profound antitumor activity when injected locally, and was associated with the activation of antitumor immunity. In addition, ML‐05 could sensitize immunotherapies, which suggests great translational value.
Papulonecrotic tuberculid
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Sadhasivamohan Anusuya , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPapulonecrotic tuberculid (PNT) is an uncommon form of id eruption, which occurs in association with tuberculosis infections in patients with a high degree of immunity and allergic sensitivity to mycobacterial organisms. It commonly presents as recurrent crops of papulonecrotic lesions that crust or ulcerate, and heal with atrophic varioliform scars over time. The differential diagnoses of PTN are wide and varying. Tuberculin test is usually strongly positive. Histology shows tuberculoid histology with endarteritis and thrombosis of dermal blood vessels. One of the hallmarks of PNT is its prompt response to antituberculous therapy. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of this condition among dermatologists.
Normal salivary production using a swab method in clinical settings
Authors: Møller Patrick Rønde , Kærsgaard Mathias Lyngbye , Grydehøj Jolanta , Ovesen Therese 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to generate age‐ and gender‐based normative data for unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR) by means of a swab method, and to provide preliminary results of using the test in patients suspected of reduced salivary function.MethodsThe 130 healthy participants without subjective xerostomia or suspicion of reduced salivation were recruited. Measurements of uSFR were conducted three times per subject and mean uSFR was calculated for the entire population and stratified according to age and gender. The method was applied in a pilot population of 25 patients suffering from either Sjögren's syndrome or had underwent irradiation of the head and neck.ResultsMean uSFR in the healthy group was 0.808 g/min (range: 0.165–2.442). Not significant trends towards declining uSFR with increasing age and higher uSFR in women were seen. Mean uSFR in the patients was 0.429 g/min (range: 0.111–1.448), which was significantly lower than normative values. Use of xerogenic drugs correlated to lower uSFR.ConclusionAge‐ and gender‐based normative data of uSFR was presented using a fast and readily implementable swab test. The test was able to objectively verify hyposalivation among patients suffering from Sjögren's syndrome or having been exposed to head and neck radiation.
Effects of ultra‐pure soft water on the hands of nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Okazaki Kaoru , Fujino Yuta , Morikawa Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) wash their hands with tap water (TW) and soap. However, hard TW causes dermatitis.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to compare the effects of ultra‐pure soft water (UPSW) with those of TW on the hands of HWCs.MethodsThe present study was a prospective randomized trial with a crossover design. All the nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the study centre were divided into Sequence 1 (UPSW to TW) or 2 (TW to UPSW) and washed their hands with TW or UPSW in alternating 4‐week periods with a 4‐week washout period. Trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were evaluated. Skin condition was self‐assessed.ResultsTwenty‐one and 22 nurses were assigned to Sequence 1 and Sequence 2, respectively. USPW increased SCH to a significantly greater degree than TW (mean: 26.3 μS ± 12.3 SD; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–51.54;p = 0.041) although it did not affect TEWL. UPSW use significantly improved the subjects' skin condition, as reflected in an overall increase in the assessment scores.ConclusionsUPSW improved SCH and the condition of hand skin. Prolonged USPW use may increase nurses' comfort during work and hand hygiene compliance.
Good news for a rare plant: Fine‐resolution distributional predictions and field testing for the critically endangered plant Dianthus pseudocrinitus
Authors: Behroozian Maryam , Peterson A. Townsend , Joharchi Mohammad Reza , Atauchi P. Joser , Memariani Farshid , Arjmandi Ali Asghar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany endangered species are distributed in narrow geographic ranges, often at severe risk of extinction. Ecological niche modeling can be used to identify suitable areas, which can be surveyed to detect additional populations. We combined remotely sensed data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and field sampling to increase distributional knowledge of the species and improve understanding of its conservation status. We identified numerous new sites for a rare plant (Dianthus pseudocrinitus) and tested model‐based predictions of its full geographic distribution. Using only eight occurrences, we developed initial models, which guided detailed field sampling: 11 new sites were identified, but models were unable to predict better than random expectations. A second round of models did show significant predictive ability and pointed to a broader geographic and environmental distribution of the species. As a consequence, the conservation status of the species should be upgraded from Critically Endangered to Endangered. We identified six protected areas (Golestan, Ghorkhoud, Miandasht, Salouk, Sarani, Sarigol) that likely hold populations of this species; one area adjacent to Ghorkhoud Protected Area, if protected, would protect the best‐known populations of the species. Our results highlight the importance of combining modeling with field sampling in characterizing distributions of rare and endangered species.
Spatio‐temporal co‐occurrence of Anastrepha species in papaya orchards in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Araujo Mayara R. , Martins David S. , Fornazier Maurício J. , Uramoto Keiko , Ferreira Paulo F. , Zucchi Roberto A. , Godoy Wesley A. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe variation in co‐occurrence between pests may influence spatio‐temporal persistence strategies of species, with implications for pest management. The co‐occurrence of Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya orchards was investigated in areas at different distances from a native forest reserve in Espírito Santo, Brazil, to investigate positive, negative, or random interactions, understood as potential coexistence, interspecific competition, or neutral interactions, respectively. Data were obtained from a papaya‐growing area divided into three sub‐areas – a buffer zone bordering the forest, neighbourhood 1, and neighbourhood 2 – and the co‐occurrence results were compared with the entire area. The buffer zone along the protected native Atlantic Forest (semideciduous seasonal forest vegetation) was created to filter negative environmental impacts. Neighbourhood 1 was closer to the forest than neighbourhood 2. Based on a long‐term dataset from 1998 to 2010, co‐occurrence of fruit flies was investigated by comparing two periods: from 1998 to 2003, when a special pest management system was implemented, termed the systems approach, and from 2004 to 2010, showing the impact of this system on fruit fly diversity. The strength of interaction between species was also evaluated for significant co‐occurrences. The patterns of co‐occurrence and interaction of Anastrepha species were influenced by area and time. In all scenarios, only positive and random associations were observed, with Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) showing the most positive associations. Co‐occurrence was greater in areas farther from the reserve. However, the strength of the interaction between the areas showed little variation. We concluded that the distance from the reserve and the pest management (systems approach) influenced co‐occurrence, as species co‐occurred much more frequently when collected far from the native forest. The impact during the period of the systems approach (1998–2003) provided fewer positive associations, but with stronger interactions over time. These results confirm that identifying pest co‐occurrence distribution patterns in crops and the respective neighbourhoods can be helpful in improving strategies for pest management associated with a systems approach.
Neural processing and perception of Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes in the gerbil: Relating single‐unit neurophysiology to behavior
Authors: Steenken Friederike , Oetjen Henning , Beutelmann Rainer , Carney Laurel H. , Koeppl Christine , Klump Georg M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSchroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes have been used in physiological and psychophysical studies in several species to gain insight into cochlear function. Each pitch period of the Schroeder stimulus contains a linear frequency sweep; the duty cycle, sweep velocity, and direction are controlled by parameters of the phase spectrum. Here, responses to a range of Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes were studied both behaviorally and in neural recordings from the auditory nerve and inferior colliculus of Mongolian gerbils. Gerbils were able to discriminate Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes based on sweep direction, duty cycle, and/or velocity for fundamental frequencies up to 200 Hz. Temporal representation in neural responses based on the van Rossum spike‐distance metric, with time constants of either 1 ms or related to the stimulus' period, was compared with average discharge rates. Neural responses and behavioral performance were both expressed in terms of sensitivity, d', to allow direct comparisons. Our results suggest that in the auditory nerve, stimulus fine structure is represented by spike timing, whereas envelope is represented by rate. In the inferior colliculus, both temporal fine structure and envelope appear to be represented best by rate. However, correlations between neural d' values and behavioral sensitivity for sweep direction were strongest for both temporal metrics, for both auditory nerve and inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the high sensitivity observed in the inferior colliculus neural rate‐based discrimination suggests that these neurons integrate across multiple inputs arising from the auditory periphery.
Prolongation of cortical sleep spindles during hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges in epilepsy patients
Authors: Sákovics Anna , Csukly Gábor , Borbély Csaba , Virág Márta , Kelemen Anna , Bódizs Róbert , Erőss Loránd , Fabó Dániel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveMemory deficits are frequent among patients with epilepsies affecting the temporal lobe. Hippocampal interictal epileptic discharges (hIEDs), the presumed epileptic exaggeration of sharp wave‐ripples (SWRs), are known to contribute to memory dysfunction, but the potential underlying mechanism is unknown. The precise temporal coordination between hippocampal SWRs and corticothalamic spindles during sleep is critical for memory consolidation. Moreover, previous investigation indicated that hIEDs induce neocortical spindlelike oscillation. In the present study, we aimed to assess the influence of hIEDs on neocortical spindles.MethodsWe analyzed the spindle characteristics (duration, amplitude, frequency) of 21 epilepsy patients implanted with foramen ovale (FO) electrodes during a whole night sleep. Scalp sleep spindles were categorized based on their temporal relationship to hIEDs detected on the FO electrodes. Three groups were created: (1) spindles coinciding with hIEDs, (2) spindles “induced” by hIEDs, and (3) spindles without hIED co‐occurrence.ResultsWe found that spindles co‐occurring with hIEDs had altered characteristics in all measured properties, lasted longer by 126 ± 48 ms (mean ± SD), and had higher amplitude by 3.4 ± 3.2 μV, and their frequency range shifted toward the higher frequencies within the 13–15‐Hz range. Also, hIED‐induced spindles had identical oscillatory properties to spindles without any temporal relationships with hIEDs. In more than half of our subjects, clear temporal coherence was revealed between hIEDs and spindles, but the direction of the coupling was patient‐specific.SignificanceWe investigated the effect of hippocampal IEDs on neocortical spindle activity and found spindle alterations in cases of spindle–hIED co‐occurrence, but not in cases of hIED‐initiated spindles. We propose that this is a marker of a pathologic process, where IEDs may have direct effect on spindle generation. It could mark a potential mechanism whereby IEDs disrupt memory processes, and also provide a potential therapeutic target to treat memory disturbances in epilepsy.
Genomic regions and candidate genes selected during the breeding of rice in Vietnam
Authors: Higgins Janet , Santos Bruno , Khanh Tran Dang , Trung Khuat Huu , Duong Tran Duy , Doai Nguyen Thi Phuong , Hall Anthony , Dyer Sarah , Ham Le Huy , Caccamo Mario , De Vega Jose 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVietnam harnesses a rich diversity of rice landraces adapted to a range of conditions, which constitute a largely untapped source of diversity for the continuous improvement of cultivars. We previously identified a strong population structure in Vietnamese rice, which is captured in five Indica and four Japonica subpopulations, including an outlying Indica‐5 group. Here, we leveraged that strong differentiation and 672 native rice genomes to identify genomic regions and genes putatively selected during the breeding of rice in Vietnam. We identified significant distorted patterns in allele frequency (XP‐CLR) and population differentiation scores (FST) resulting from differential selective pressures between native subpopulations, and later annotated them with QTLs previously identified by GWAS in the same panel. We particularly focussed on the outlying Indica‐5 subpopulation because of its likely novelty and differential evolution, where we annotated 52 selected regions, which represented 8.1% of the rice genome. We annotated the 4576 genes in these regions and selected 65 candidate genes as promising breeding targets, several of which harboured alleles with nonsynonymous substitutions. Our results highlight genomic differences between traditional Vietnamese landraces, which are likely the product of adaption to multiple environmental conditions and regional culinary preferences in a very diverse country. We also verified the applicability of this genome scanning approach to identify potential regions harbouring novel loci and alleles to breed a new generation of sustainable and resilient rice.
Experimental investigations and damage growth modeling of EN‐AW 2024 aluminum alloy under LCF loading accounting creep pre‐deformation
Authors: Tomczyk Adam , Seweryn Andrzej 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of experimental tests of creep rupture and of low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) of EN‐AW 2024 aluminum alloy devoid of damage and having preliminary damage. The preliminary damage was dealt in the process of creep at elevated temperature 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C until achievement of two different strain values at each temperature. Samples with preliminary damage were subjected to fatigue tests at room temperature. Based on the results of experimental tests, a simple damage accumulation model was proposed for creep at different temperatures. In this model, growth of the damage state variable was made dependent on the current value of axial stress and on growth of plastic strain. This model was also adapted for description of damage accumulation in the process of LCF for both as‐received material and material with creep pre‐deformation. In both cases, that is, creep and LCF, the model's parameters were determined and it was experimentally verified.
Accuracy of medication histories derived from an Australian cloud‐based repository of prescribed and dispensed medication records
Authors: Elliott Rohan A. , Taylor Simone E. , Koo Stella M. K. , Nguyen Anny D. , Liu Esther , Loh Grace 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundObtaining accurate medication histories at transitions of care is challenging, but important for patient safety. Prescription exchange services (PES) securely transfer electronic prescription and dispensing records between prescribers and pharmacies, which is potentially useful data for determining medication histories.AimTo evaluate the accuracy of PES‐derived medication histories.MethodsProspective observational study, at two Australian tertiary‐referral health services. A convenience sample of adult inpatients was recruited. The main outcome measure was: proportion of patients with ≥1 errors in their PES‐derived pre‐admission medication histories, compared with gold‐standard best‐possible medication histories, including prescribed and non‐prescribed medications, obtained by pharmacists using multiple sources including patient/carer interview.ResultsOf 154 patients (median age 76 years; interquartile range (IQR) 64–84 years; median 10.0 pre‐admission medications; IQR 6.0–14.0), 153 (99.4%) had ≥1 errors in their PES‐derived medication history (median 6.0 errors per patient; IQR 4.0–9.0). Excluding when‐required medications, 146 (94.8%) patients had >1 errors (median 4.0 errors per patient; IQR 2.0–6.0). Omission was the most common error, affecting 549 (33.3%) of 1648 current medications (median 3.0; IQR 1.0–5.0 per patient); 396 (72.1%) omissions were over‐the‐counter medicines. Dose‐regimen errors affected 276 (25.1%) of 1099 current medications captured in PES‐derived medication histories (median 1.0 error per patient; IQR 0.0–3.0). Commission errors (medications in PES‐derived histories that were not current) affected 224 (16.9%) of 1323 medications (median 1.0 error per patient; IQR 1.0–2.0).ConclusionsMedication histories derived solely from a cloud‐based medication record repository had a high error rate compared with patients' actual medication use. Like all medication history sources, data from cloud‐based repositories need to be verified with additional sources including the patient and/or their carer.
The potential of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus in improving the growth of wheat under chromium stress
Authors: Ilyas Noshin , Akhtar Nosheen , Naseem Aqsa , Qureshi Rahmatullah , Majeed Abid , Al-Ansari Mysoon M. , Al-Humaid Latifah , Sayyed R. Z. , Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aim
Hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that have deteriorating effects on the growth and quality of the end product of wheat. Consequently, this research was designed to evaluate the role of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus fertilizer on wheat facing Cr+6 stress.

Methods and Results
The soil was incubated with Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus fertilizer before sowing. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the co-application of B. subtilis and phosphorus yielded considerably more significant (p &lt; 0.05) results compared with an individual application of the respective treatments. The co-treatment improved the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants compared with untreated controls. The increase in shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight was 38.17%, 29.31%, 47.89% and 45.85%, respectively, compared with untreated stress-facing plants. The application of B. subtilis and phosphorus enhanced osmolytes content (proline 39.98% and sugar 41.30%), relative water content and stability maintenance of proteins (86.65%) and cell membranes (66.66%). Furthermore, augmented production of antioxidants by 67.71% (superoxide dismutase), 95.39% (ascorbate peroxidase) and 60.88% (catalase), respectively, were observed in the Cr+6 – stressed plants after co-application of B. subtilis and phosphorus.

Conclusion
It was observed that the accumulation of Cr+6 was reduced by 54.24%, 59.19% and 90.26% in the shoot, root and wheat grains, respectively. Thus, the combined application of B. subtilis and phosphorus has the potential to reduce the heavy metal toxicity in crops.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study explored the usefulness of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus application on wheat in heavy metal stress. It is a step toward the combinatorial use of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria with nutrients to improve the ecosystems' health.