bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical and Numerical Approach for Estimating Geometry and Performance of Thrust Generating Combustion Chamber
Authors: Mahato Aplesh Kumar , Sharma Dinanath , Bhaatt Niraj , Koirala Rajeshwor , Bastakoti Durga 
Published: May 2022

The thrust generation capacity of any propulsion system is heavily dependent upon the geometry, flow, and performance parameters of the system. The performance parameters include temperature, pressure, and velocity estimations at the critical the locations of the systems. For the estimation of geometry and performance of thrust generating combustion chamber analytical and numerical approaches are used. Cases of under-expansion and perfectly expansion for nozzle is analysed with the theoretical calculation from which length and diameter of chamber, throat diameter, nozzle exit area are calculated and obtained as 70 mm, 70.67 mm, 21 mm and 150 mm2, respectively for the case of under-expansion. Likewise, pressures and temperatures in the chamber, throat, and exit of the nozzle are obtained as 71.4556 bar, 40.3 bar, 59.546 bar, and 2243 K, 2238 K, 1103.511 K respectively. This also yielded that the exhaust velocity is supersonic with the value of 476.1 m/s. Values obtained for the case of perfectly expanded nozzle suggests that the geometrical dimensions of nozzles are highly reduces, performance parameters are almost the same and the exhaust velocity is increased by more than 300 %. Numerical modeling in ANSYS Fluent was performed based on the values suggested by theoretical approach. Results of numerical modeling were in close resemblance with that of the theoretical approach suggesting validation of the simulation. Pressure, temperatures and velocities at different locations within the combustion chamber are also obtained from numerical modeling.
Radiological comparison of the biomechanical characteristics of short segment posterior instrumentation (Moss- Miami system), with and without transverse connector, in unstable thoraco-lumbar fracture
Authors: Doshi Anand , Khandelwal Prashant , Metha Sejal , Sudumbrekar Sudhir 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Wedge compression fracture was most common type of fracture (66.6 %) and first Lumbar vertebra (L1) was the most common fracture site (38 %). The choice of surgical approach and instrumentation depends on fracture type, injury level and degree of neural injury. This paper evaluated efficacy of transpedicular screw fixation by Moss Miami instrumentation with transverse connector for surgical treatment in traumatic unstable thoraco-lumbar fractures.
Materials and Method: Fifty-five cases were prospectively studied over three years. Comparison was done between two groups- Group 1 without transverse connector and Group 2 with transverse connector. Radiologically evaluation was done in both groups pre-operatively, tenth day, six weeks and six months interval. All X-rays were assessed by lateral and dynamic antero- posterior views for measuring kyphotic (cobb’s) angle and inter-rod angle.
Results: In both groups post-operative Mean Cobb’s angle level were increased and remained same until 6months. Variation in Group 2 with transverse connector was slightly higher in initial period (i.e.) after 10 days and then it remains minimal from 6 weeks to 6 months. But in Group 1 without transverse connector the change in angle variation was minimal which worsen over 6 weeks and it continues to remain worse at 6 months, suggestive of parallelogram effect.
Conclusion: Transverse connector does play role in preventing parallelogram effect of implants and provides additional stability to the construct. This is first study done in vivo which is done to study the role of transverse connector and evaluate any parallelogram effect in spinal instrumentation.
Key words
Transverse connector, Thoraco-lumbar fracture, parallelogram effect
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-МЕНЕДЖЕРСЬКИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА РОЗВИТКУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ДИТИНИ
Authors: Гонтаровська Н. Б. 
Published: May 2022

У статті представлений інноваційний досвід педагогічного колективу експери­ментального навчального закладу всеукраїнського рівня - навчально-виховного комплексу № 28 м. Дніпропетровська зі створення освітнього середовища розвитку дитини, зокре­ма розглядається організаційно-менеджерський підхід у проектуванні його компонентів: соціального, технологічного, просторово-предметного, суб'єктів освітнього процесу.
Автор описує системну модель освітнього середовища з точки зору менеджме­нту якості, визначає структуру якісного управління, викладає основні принципи, функ­ції та методи системи педагогічного менеджменту.
PERSPECTIVE AND PERSPECTIVE IN COMPOSITION
Authors: Shcherbyna V.H. 
Published: May 2022

Clause is devoted to a problem application of perspective systems in educational art practice of the students. The author marks existence of large number of visual positions in fine art. The opportunity of application of excellent(different) composite receptions (point of view) in educational composite practice is considered (examined) as against linear prospect, dominant in art pedagogic.
The work includes samples o f construction o f the image not only with excellent (different) visual positions, but also with association o f the several points o f view in a composition. Clause is designed both fo r the students o f an art structure, and on the teachers o f maximum pedagogical school, art schools etc..
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBANGUN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Purnama Rohmatulloh Dwi , Fauzi Agung 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, guru memiliki peran central agar bisa membangun kondisi belajar yang efektif. Namun ditengah kondisi pandemi covid-19 ini mengharuskan kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan secara daring. Hal ini menjadi dilema bagi para pendidik. Metode pembelajaran secara daring memungkinkan tetap terlaksananya proses pembelajaran ditengah kebijakan belajar dari rumah, namun disisi lain mengakibatkan cultural shock atas pergeseran kebiasaan pembelajaran langsung secara tatap muka dengan kebiasaan baru belajar secara daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa guru berperan mengkordinasikan ruang belajar dan melaksanakan pembelajaran secara jarak jauh (daring). Secara spesifik peran guru dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan di SMAN 1 Cikeusal pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu; (1) sebagai sumber belajar yang menyiapkan dan menyampaikan materi pelajaran (2) sebagai fasilitator yang menyediakan pelayanan belajar ditengah pandemi Covid-19 (3) sebagai pengelola yang mengatur suasana belajar yang memanfaatkan berbagai media dan sumber beajar (4) sebagai demonstrator menampilkan sesuatu yang bisa membuat siswa lebih paham terhadap materi pelajaran melalui video pembelajaran (5) sebagai pembimbing yang mengarahkan siswa belajar berdasarkan karateristik dan gaya belajar (6) sebagai motivator berkaitan dengan cara meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa akibat kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi Covid-19 (7) sebagai evaluator yang menilai ketercapaian hasil dan proses belajar siswa dimasa pandemi Covid-19.
Kata kunci : Peran Guru, Pembelajaran Sosiologi, Covid-19
DO 3 + 1 À PRÁTICA COMO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR: UMA NARRATIVA POSSÍVEL SOBRE O CURRÍCULO DA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA NA UFRJ
Authors: Neto Cleber Dias da Costa , Giraldo Victor 
Published: May 2022

Investigamos reformas curriculares no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da UFRJ no período entre a década de 1980 e o início da segunda década dos anos 2000, com base em documentosoficiais, relatórios e transcrições de discussões em eventos e em entrevistas com docentes que atuaram na formação de professores de Matemática na instituição durante esse período. Para isso, empregamos uma construção narrativa, em que a análise se constitui a partir do diálogo entre os dados produzidos, a literatura de pesquisa e o referencial teórico em formação de professores e em currículo, que figuram entrelaçados no texto. Com essa narrativa, construída a partir de interpretações de fatos e ações, visamos revelar aspectos das ideias, dos debates e das disputas relativos à formação de professores de matemática na UFRJ, à época da implementação dos programas curriculares.
Metagenomic Analysis Using Phylogenetic Placement—A Review of the First Decade
Authors: Czech Lucas , Stamatakis Alexandros , Dunthorn Micah , Barbera Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Phylogenetic placement refers to a family of tools and methods to analyze, visualize, and interpret the tsunami of metagenomic sequencing data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Compared to alternative (e. g., similarity-based) methods, it puts metabarcoding sequences into a phylogenetic context using a set of known reference sequences and taking evolutionary history into account. Thereby, one can increase the accuracy of metagenomic surveys and eliminate the requirement for having exact or close matches with existing sequence databases. Phylogenetic placement constitutes a valuable analysis toolper se, but also entails a plethora of downstream tools to interpret its results. A common use case is to analyze species communities obtained from metagenomic sequencing, for example via taxonomic assignment, diversity quantification, sample comparison, and identification of correlations with environmental variables. In this review, we provide an overview over the methods developed during the first 10 years. In particular, the goals of this review are 1) to motivate the usage of phylogenetic placement and illustrate some of its use cases, 2) to outline the full workflow, from raw sequences to publishable figures, including best practices, 3) to introduce the most common tools and methods and their capabilities, 4) to point out common placement pitfalls and misconceptions, 5) to showcase typical placement-based analyses, and how they can help to analyze, visualize, and interpret phylogenetic placement data.
Depression Status, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Factors With Subsequent Risk for Major Cardiovascular Events: The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Zhelong , Yang Yan , Chen Gang , Wan Qin , Qin Guijun , Yan Li , Wang Guixia , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Huo Yanan , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Li Qiang , Shen Feixia , Chen Li , Zhang Yinfei , Wang Youmin , Deng Huacong , Liu Chao , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Yu Xuefeng , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the association between depression and major cardiovascular events and test whether the relationship between depression and cardiovascular events is influenced by lifestyle or metabolic risk factors.MethodsThe China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study was a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study. About 92,869 participants without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline were included. Depression status was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Lifestyle information was collected by the questionnaire, and metabolic risk factors including waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and plasma glucose were measured. Major cardiovascular events including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalized or treated heart failure events were validated based on medical records.ResultsDuring an average of 3.8 years of follow-up, we detected 2,076 cardiovascular events and showed that participants with depressive symptoms had an increased risk for cardiovascular events after adjustments [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29; 95% confidence index (CI): 1.08–1.53]. Stratified on metabolic risk status, the relationship between depression and cardiovascular events tended to be stronger according to the increasing numbers of metabolic risk factors, with HR (95% CI) of 0.98 (0.72–1.35) in the category with 0–2 metabolic risk factors, 1.36 (0.996–1.87) and 1.47 (1.13–1.92) for those with 3, and 4–5 metabolic risk factors, respectively, indicating an interaction effect (P = 0.039).ConclusionDepression was independently associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. The effect was particularly prominent among populations at higher metabolic risk.
Pooled-Analysis of Association of Sievers Bicuspid Aortic Valve Morphology With New Permanent Pacemaker and Conduction Abnormalities After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Li Xiaoxing , Xu Feng , Chen Yuguo , Li Chuanbao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundStudies on the association of Sievers bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) morphology with conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have not reached consensus.MethodsWe here performed a pooled-analysis to explore whether Sievers type 1 BAV morphology increased the risk of post-TAVR conduction abnormalities and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) compared to type 0. Systematic literature searches through EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases were concluded on 1 December 2021. The primary endpoint was post-TAVR new PPI and pooled as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Conduction abnormalities as the secondary endpoint were the composites of post-TAVR PPI and/or new-onset high-degree of atrial-ventricle node block and left-bundle branch block. Studies that reported incidence of outcomes of interest in both type 1 and type 0 BAV morphology who underwent TAVR for aortic stenosis were included.ResultsFinally, nine studies were included. Baseline characteristics were generally comparable, but type 1 population was older with a higher surgical risk score compared to type 0 BAV morphology. In the pooled-analysis type 1 BAV had significantly higher risk of post-TAVR new-onset conduction abnormalities (RR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.09–2.60, p = 0.0195) and new PPI (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.29–2.99, p = 0.0016) compared to type 0. Random-effects univariate meta-regression indicated that no significant association between baseline characteristics and PPI.ConclusionSievers type 1 BAV morphology was associated with increased risk of post-TAVR PPI and conduction abnormalities compared to type 0. Dedicated cohort is warranted to further validate our hypothesis.
Age-Heterogeneity in Marine Sediments Revealed by Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Radiocarbon Measurements
Authors: Zuhr Alexandra M. , Dolman Andrew M. , Ho Sze Ling , Groeneveld Jeroen , Löwemark Ludvig , Grotheer Hendrik , Su Chih-Chieh , Laepple Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from. However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions. To shed light on 1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty, 2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and 3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle. Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( ∼ 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 × 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth. Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met. Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples. We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.
The Iodine Rush: Over- or Under-Iodination Risk in the Prophylactic Use of Iodine for Thyroid Blocking in the Event of a Nuclear Disaster
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Mameli Chiara , Rossi Virginia , Massini Giulia , Gambino Mirko , Baldassarre Paola , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: May 2022

Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones (THs). Both deficient and excess iodine intakes may precipitate in adverse thyroidal events. Radioactive iodine (RI) is a common byproduct of nuclear fission processes. During nuclear emergencies RI may be released in a plume, or cloud, contaminating the environment. If inhaled or ingested, it may lead to internal radiation exposure and the uptake of RI mainly by the thyroid gland that absorbs stable iodine (SI) and RI in the same way. A dose of radiation delivered to the thyroid gland is a main risk factor for the thyroid cancer development. The SI prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland saturation with prophylactic SI ingestion, reduces the internal exposure of the thyroid by blocking the uptake of RI and inhibiting iodide organification. However, negative impact of inadequate SI intake must be considered. We provide an overview on the recommended iodine intake and the impact of SI and RI on thyroid in children and adolescents, discussing the benefits and adverse effects of the prophylactic SI for thyroid blocking during a nuclear accident. The use of SI for protection against RI may be recommended in cases of radiological or nuclear emergencies, moreover the administration of iodine for prophylactic purposes should be cautious. Benefits and risks should also be considered according to age. Adverse effects from iodine administration cannot be excluded. Precise indications are mandatory to use the iodine for thyroid blocking. Due to this natural adaption mechanism it’s possible to tolerate large doses of iodine without clinical effects, however, a prolonged assumption of the iodine when not needed can be dangerous and may precipitate in severe thyroidal and non-thyroidal negative effects.
An m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-Related Long Non-coding RNA Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immune Features of Glioma
Authors: Shao Dongqi , Li Yu , Wu Junyong , Zhang Binbin , Xie Shan , Zheng Xialin , Jiang Zhiquan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Gliomas are the most common and fatal malignant type of tumor of the central nervous system. RNA post-transcriptional modifications, as a frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics, have attracted increased attention in recent years. Among such modifications, methylation is most abundant, and encompasses N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1 methyladenosine (m1A), and 7-methylguanosine (m7G) methylation.Methods: RNA-sequencing data from healthy tissue and low-grade glioma samples were downloaded from of The Cancer Genome Atlas database along with clinical information and mutation data from glioblastoma tumor samples. Forty-nine m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related genes were identified and an m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-lncRNA signature of co-expressed long non-coding RNAs selected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was used to identify 12 m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related lncRNAs associated with the prognostic characteristics of glioma and their correlation with immune function and drug sensitivity analyzed. Furthermore, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas dataset was used for model validation.Results: A total of 12 m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related genes (AL080276.2, AC092111.1, SOX21-AS1, DNAJC9-AS1, AC025171.1, AL356019.2, AC017104.1, AC099850.3, UNC5B-AS1, AC006064.2, AC010319.4, and AC016822.1) were used to construct a survival and prognosis model, which had good independent prediction ability for patients with glioma. Patients were divided into low and high m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS groups, the latter of which had poor prognosis. In addition, the m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS enabled improved interpretation of the results of enrichment analysis, as well as informing immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity of patients with glioma in different subgroups.Conclusion: In this study we constructed an m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS and established a nomogram model, which can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with glioma and provides direction toward promising immunotherapy strategies for the future.