bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Collaboratively: A Theoretical Model and a Simulation-Based Learning Environment
Authors: Radkowitsch Anika , Sailer Michael , Fischer Martin R. , Schmidmaier Ralf , Fischer Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn their daily practice, physicians with different professional backgrounds often diagnose a patient’s problem collaboratively. In those situations, physicians not only need to be able to diagnose individually, but also need additional collaborative competences such as information sharing and negotiation skills (Liu et al., 2015), which can influence the quality of the diagnostic outcome (Tschan et al., 2009). We introduce the CDR model, a process model for collaborative diagnostic reasoning processes by diagnosticians with different knowledge backgrounds. Building on this model, we develop a simulation in order to assess and facilitate collaborative diagnostic competences among advanced medical students. In the document-based simulation, learners sequentially diagnose five patients by inspecting a health record for symptoms. Then, learners request a radiological diagnostic procedure from a simulated radiologist. By interacting with the simulated radiologist, the learners elicit more evidence for their hypotheses. Finally, learners are asked to integrate all information and suggest a final diagnosis.
A Theoretical Framework for Fostering Diagnostic Competences with Simulations in Higher Education
Authors: Chernikova Olga , Heitzmann Nicole , Opitz Ansgar , Seidel Tina , Fischer Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence on the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in higher education for learners in the domains of medical and teacher education. First and foremost, it presents a theoretical framework for fostering diagnostic competences in simulation-based environments. This theoretical framework was utilized to develop the simulations described in this book and contribute to generating further empirical evidence on the effective design of simulation-based learning environments in the context of diagnosis. Moreover, this chapter presents insights from a meta-analytic study supporting the importance of learners’ individual prerequisites as well as the instructional and contextual factors described in the model.
Learning to Diagnose Primary Students’ Mathematical Competence Levels and Misconceptions in Document-Based Simulations
Authors: Wildgans-Lang Angelika , Scheuerer Sarah , Obersteiner Andreas , Fischer Frank , Reiss Kristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnalyzing students’ documents (e.g., their homework) can serve as a basis for diagnosing students’ learning status and thus also for adaptive teaching. When making diagnostic judgments about students’ learning status in mathematics, teachers may benefit from using theoretical models of mathematical competence because such models illustrate what tasks students should have mastered on each level of competence. Based on students’ documents and a model of mathematical competence at the primary level, we developed a simulated learning environment for (1) analyzing and (2) supporting pre-service teachers’ diagnostic processes and results. When working in the simulated environment, pre-service elementary teachers are asked to assess virtual third graders’ learning status by diagnosing their mathematical competence levels as well as their misconceptions (e.g., misconception regarding multiplication) based on the competence model. To do so, pre-service teachers analyze students’ solutions to mathematical problems that they can select from a set of problems varying in content and difficulty. First data analyses suggest that the environment can capture differences in pre-service teachers’ diagnostic processes. A better understanding of these processes can serve as a basis for further developing the learning environment.
Diagnosing Mathematical Argumentation Skills: A Video-Based Simulation for Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Codreanu Elias , Huber Sina , Reinhold Sarah , Sommerhoff Daniel , Neuhaus Birgit J. , Schmidmaier Ralf , Ufer Stefan , Seidel Tina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMathematical argumentations and proofs cause difficulties for secondary school students (Healy and Hoyles, 2000). Teachers’ diagnostic skills are essential for adapting their teaching to students’ specific needs in order to facilitate students’ understanding of proofs (Südkamp and Praetorius, 2017). We developed a video-based simulation to investigate and promote pre-service teachers’ diagnostic skills. Participants encountered a diagnostic task with short, scripted video clips showing simulated students working on a geometry proof with a teacher. Observing student-teacher interactions served as the basis for the pre-service teacher participants’ diagnoses of students’ individual argumentation skills. This simulation is first used to investigate pre-service teachers’ diagnostic performance and the quality of their diagnoses and diagnostic processes. In a second step, the simulation will be expanded into a learning environment to investigate how pre-service teachers’ diagnostic skills can be supported through different kinds of scaffolds.
Diagnosing 6th Graders’ Understanding of Decimal Fractions: Fostering Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers’ Diagnostic Competences with Simulated One-on-One Interviews
Authors: Marczynski Bernhard , Kaltefleiter Larissa J. , Siebeck Matthias , Wecker Christof , Stürmer Kathleen , Ufer Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne-on-one diagnostic interviews with school students have been proposed as learning opportunities to acquire diagnostic competences. Moreover, role-play-based simulations have proved promising to foster interactive competences similar to diagnosis during early phases of teacher and medical education. Thus, we developed a role-play-based simulation of diagnostic interviews on the topic of decimal fractions for mathematics pre-service teachers. During the role-play, participants either take on the role of a sixth grader, a teacher interviewing a sixth grader, or an observer watching the interview. Based on cognitive labs addressing criteria such as authenticity and immersion in the teacher’s diagnostic task in the role-play, we analyze the feasibility of the chosen simulation approach to measure and foster mathematics pre-service teachers’ diagnostic competences.
Approaching Work Stories with a Craft Mindset
Authors: Cleland Silva Tricia , de Tarso Fonseca Silva Paulo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter starts with a metaphorical story called “Building a Health Village.” The story was created by the first author and is based on empirical data collected between 2018 and 2019. The data was acquired through formal interviews and two Collaborative Story Craft workshops with health care practitioners and other stakeholders co-creating a digital service platform. The story also draws from informal conversations told to the first author over a period of 15 years in a Nordic welfare state. During this time, she has navigated various social worlds as an immigrant, student, cleaner, teacher, academic researcher, business co-founder, and parent. Both authors applied their work as craft mindset to build questions for those interpreting the story.The aim of the chapter is to emphasise that stories and narrations change and transform as individuals continuously make sense of their social and material surroundings. Stories are also free floating as they narrate events to different audiences. Like sensemaking and craftwork, narrating and telling stories to make sense of embodied lived experiences never ends or stops cleanly. Rather, stories enter new cycles of purpose and possibilities from different positions, depending on the context and the audience.
Analysing Diagnosis and Evaluation of the “Migration Crisis” at the EU Level
Authors: Stępka Maciej 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chapter discusses how human security has structured the discourse on the “migration crisis”, becoming the most prominent logic in the diagnosis and evaluation of the crisis. Here, the European Parliament played the role of the key promotor of human security logic, framing migrants as human referent objects, seeking refuge from structural violence, war and terror. Further, the chapter discusses the prominence of risk logic, which was deployed, predominantly by the European Commission, in reference to movements within the EU and on its borders. Here, migratory flows on the borders are evaluated as carriers of uncertainty and risk connected to unidentifiable and unknown masses of people crossing to the EU. The chapter focuses on the symbolic role of the EU border, discussing how the framing and the type of security logic changes depending on the situation of migrants vis-à-vis the border. Finally, the chapter investigates how both logics, human security and risk, have been intertwining with the narratives of “exceptionality” and definitions of existential threats to migrants as well the Schengen area.
Autoencoders for semivisible jet detection
Authors: Canelli Florencia , de Cosa Annapaola , Le Pottier Luc , Niedziela Jeremi , Pedro Kevin , Pierini Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The production of dark matter particles from confining dark sectors may lead to many novel experimental signatures. Depending on the details of the theory, dark quark production in proton-proton collisions could result in semivisible jets of particles: collimated sprays of dark hadrons of which only some are detectable by particle collider experiments. The experimental signature is characterised by the presence of reconstructed missing momentum collinear with the visible components of the jets. This complex topology is sensitive to detector inefficiencies and mis-reconstruction that generate artificial missing momentum. With this work, we propose a signal-agnostic strategy to reject ordinary jets and identify semivisible jets via anomaly detection techniques. A deep neural autoencoder network with jet substructure variables as input proves highly useful for analyzing anomalous jets. The study focuses on the semivisible jet signature; however, the technique can apply to any new physics model that predicts signatures with anomalous jets from non-SM particles.
On the planar free energy of matrix models
Authors: Fiol Bartomeu , Fukelman Alan Rios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work we obtain the planar free energy for the Hermitian one-matrix model with various choices of the potential. We accomplish this by applying an approach that bypasses the usual diagonalization of the matrices and the introduction of the eigenvalue density, to directly zero in the evaluation of the planar free energy. In the first part of the paper, we focus on potentials with finitely many terms. For various choices of potentials, we manage to find closed expressions for the planar free energy, and in some cases determine or bound their radius of convergence as a series in the ’t Hooft coupling. In the second part of the paper we consider specific examples of potentials with infinitely many terms, that arise in the study of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 super Yang-Mills theories on S4, via supersymmetric localization. In particular, we manage to write the planar free energy of two non-conformal examples: SU(N) with Nf < 2N, and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2*.
Backus problem in geophysics: a resolution near the dipole in fractional Sobolev spaces
Authors: Kan Toru , Magnanini Rolando , Onodera Michiaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider Backus’s problem in geophysics. This consists in reconstructing a harmonic potential outside the Earth when the intensity of the related field is measured on the Earth’s surface. Thus, the boundary condition is (severely) nonlinear. The gravitational case is quite understood. It consists in the local resolution near a monopole, i.e. the potential generated by a point mass. In this paper, we consider the geomagnetic case. This consists in linearizing the field’s intensity near the so-called dipole, a harmonic function which models the solenoidal potential of a magnet. The problem is quite difficult, because the resolving operator related to the linearized problem is generally unbounded. Indeed, existence results for Backus’s problem in this framework are not present in the literature. In this work, we locally solve the geomagnetic version of Backus’s problem in the axially symmetric case. In mathematical terms, we show the existence of harmonic functions in the exterior of a sphere, with given (boundary) field’s intensity sufficiently close to that of a dipole and which have the same axial symmetry of a dipole. We also show that unique solutions can be selected by prescribing the average of the potential on the equatorial circle of the sphere. We obtain those solutions as series of spherical harmonics. The functional framework entails the use of fractional Sobolev Hilbert spaces on the sphere, endowed with a spectral norm. A crucial ingredient is the algebra structure of suitable subspaces.
Ground-state nodal solutions for superlinear perturbations of the Robin eigenvalue problem
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Zhang Youpei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider a perturbed version of the Robin eigenvalue problem for the p-Laplacian. The perturbation is $$(p - 1)$$

(
p
-
1
)

-superlinear. Using the Nehari manifold method, we show that for all parameters $$\lambda < {\hat{\lambda }}_1$$

λ
<

λ
^

1

(= the principal eigenvalue of the differential operator), there exists a ground-state nodal solution of the problem.
125 years of head and neck radiotherapy: could organ-sparing radiotherapy of larynx cancer have prevented World War I?
Authors: Brunner Thomas B. , Wördehoff Herbert , Gawish Ahmed , Busch Uwe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aim to recapitulate the rapid development of head and neck radiotherapy in the context of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) medicine starting 125 years ago. This is put into context with the unsuccessful treatment of the laryngeal cancer (LC) of the German emperor Frederick III and its historical consequences.

Methods
The three-step process consisted in the analysis of (1) historical sources of the development of ORL radiotherapy from the discovery of x‑rays and radioactivity until World War I, (2) course and treatment of Frederick’s III LC, (3) political context with a special focus on the escalation towards World War I. Pertinent historical illustrations of technical developments of radiotherapy were summarized in a video.

Results
ORL radiotherapy initiated on 03 February 1896, only 65 days after the discovery of X‑rays. By 1914, organ-sparing LC radiotherapy was established with a predominance of curietherapy over roentgentherapy. Correct diagnosis of Frederick III’s primarily radiocurable cT1a glottic LC was delayed by one year, which resulted in advancement to a fatal pT4 pN1 Mx tumour stage. Historically, his successor, William II, was assumed to have contributed to the causes of World War I.

Conclusion
ORL radiotherapy came only eight years late to treat Frederick III who might have impeded World War I. This illustrates the potential impact of modern curative radiotherapy on the future course of public life beyond the personal fate of the patient himself.
L-DOPA administration shifts the stability-flexibility balance towards attentional capture by distractors during a visual search task
Authors: Riedel P. , Domachowska I. M. , Lee Y. , Neukam P. T. , Tönges L. , Li S. C. , Goschke T. , Smolka M. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationaleThe cognitive control dilemma describes the necessity to balance two antagonistic modes of attention: stability and flexibility. Stability refers to goal-directed thought, feeling, or action and flexibility refers to the complementary ability to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Their balance is thought to be maintained by neurotransmitters such as dopamine, most likely in a U-shaped rather than linear manner. However, in humans, studies on the stability-flexibility balance using a dopaminergic agent and/or measurement of brain dopamine are scarce.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the causal involvement of dopamine in the stability-flexibility balance and the nature of this relationship in humans.MethodsDistractibility was assessed as the difference in reaction time (RT) between distractor and non-distractor trials in a visual search task. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 65 healthy participants performed the task under placebo and a dopamine precursor (L-DOPA). Using18F-DOPA-PET, dopamine availability in the striatum was examined at baseline to investigate its relationship to the RT distractor effect and to the L-DOPA-induced change of the RT distractor effect.ResultsThere was a pronounced RT distractor effect in the placebo session that increased under L-DOPA. Neither the RT distractor effect in the placebo session nor the magnitude of its L-DOPA-induced increase were related to baseline striatal dopamine.ConclusionsL-DOPA administration shifted the stability-flexibility balance towards attentional capture by distractors, suggesting causal involvement of dopamine. This finding is consistent with current theories of prefrontal cortex dopamine function. Current data can neither confirm nor falsify the inverted U-shaped function hypothesis with regard to cognitive control.
Boundary regularity and stability for spaces with Ricci bounded below
Authors: Bruè Elia , Naber Aaron , Semola Daniele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the structure and stability of boundaries in noncollapsed $${{\,\mathrm{RCD}\,}}(K,N)$$

RCD

(
K
,
N
)

spaces, that is, metric-measure spaces $$(X,{\mathsf {d}},{\mathscr {H}}^N)$$

(
X
,
d
,

H

N

)

with Ricci curvature bounded below. Our main structural result is that the boundary $$\partial X$$

∂
X

is homeomorphic to a manifold away from a set of codimension 2, and is $$N-1$$

N
-
1

rectifiable. Along the way, we show effective measure bounds on the boundary and its tubular neighborhoods. These results are new even for Gromov–Hausdorff limits $$(M_i^N,{\mathsf {d}}_{g_i},p_i) \rightarrow (X,{\mathsf {d}},p)$$

(

M
i
N

,

d

g
i

,

p
i

)

→

(
X
,
d
,
p
)

of smooth manifolds with boundary, and require new techniques beyond those needed to prove the analogous statements for the regular set, in particular when it comes to the manifold structure of the boundary $$\partial X$$

∂
X

. The key local result is an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-regularity theorem, which tells us that if a ball $$B_{2}(p)\subset X$$

B
2

(
p
)

⊂
X

is sufficiently close to a half space $$B_{2}(0)\subset {\mathbb {R}}^N_+$$

B
2

(
0
)

⊂

R

+
N

in the Gromov–Hausdorff sense, then $$B_1(p)$$

B
1

(
p
)

is biHölder to an open set of $${\mathbb {R}}^N_+$$

R

+
N

. In particular, $$\partial X$$

∂
X

is itself homeomorphic to $$B_1(0^{N-1})$$

B
1

(

0

N
-
1

)

near $$B_1(p)$$

B
1

(
p
)

. Further, the boundary $$\partial X$$

∂
X

is $$N-1$$

N
-
1

rectifiable and the boundary measure "Equation missing" is Ahlfors regular on $$B_1(p)$$

B
1

(
p
)

with volume close to the Euclidean volume. Our second collection of results involve the stability of the boundary with respect to noncollapsed mGH convergence $$X_i\rightarrow X$$

X
i

→
X

. Specifically, we show a boundary volume convergence which tells us that the $$N-1$$

N
-
1

Hausdorff measures on the boundaries converge "Equation missing" to the limit Hausdorff measure on $$\partial X$$

∂
X

. We will see that a consequence of this is that if the $$X_i$$

X
i

are boundary free then so is X.
Long-term follow-up of respiratory function in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Teeselink Sjan , Vincenten Sanne C. C. , Voermans Nicol C. , Groothuis Jan T. , Doorduin Jonne , Wijkstra Peter J. , Horlings Corinne G. C. , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , Mul Karlien 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the 5-year change in respiratory function in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

Methods
Genetically confirmed patients with FSHD aged ≥ 18 years were examined twice over five years. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured using hand-held spirometry with a face mask. Several clinical outcome measures were correlated to respiratory function.

Results
Ninety-two patients were included (57% male, age 18–75 years). At baseline, the spirometry outcomes of 41 patients showed a restrictive ventilatory pattern (FVC < 80% and FEV1/FVC ≥ 70% of predicted) and of 48 patients at follow-up. The mean FVC decreased from baseline to follow-up from 79.0 to 76.7% predicted (p = 0.021). This decrease was driven by a subgroup of 15 patients who had a deterioration of FVC of > 10% predicted. The subgroup of 15 patients was more severely affected at baseline (p = 0.002 for FSHD clinical score and 0.007 for Ricci score). They developed more frequently spinal and thorax deformities (p < 0.001 for kyphoscoliosis and 0.012 for pectus excavatum) and had a larger decline in axial muscle function (p = 0.020). Only weak correlations were found between the change in FVC% predicted and the change in clinical scores between baseline and follow-up.

Interpretation
Respiratory function remained stable in most patients with FSHD, but a subgroup of patients showed a pronounced deterioration. They showed more severe muscle weakness including the leg muscles at baseline (Ricci score ≥ 6), had spinal and thorax deformities and a relatively fast decline in axial muscle function at follow-up.
Legacy effects of herbivory on treeline dynamics along an elevational gradient
Authors: Mienna Ida M. , Austrheim Gunnar , Klanderud Kari , Bollandsås Ole Martin , Speed James D. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTreelines are expected to expand into alpine ecosystems with global warming, but herbivory may delay this expansion. This study quantifies long-term effects of temporally varying sheep densities on birch recruitment and growth in the treeline ecotone. We examined treeline ecotone successional trajectories and legacy effects in a replicated experimental setup, where enclosures were present for 14 years with three different sheep densities (0, 25, 80 sheep km−2). Before and after the enclosures were present, the site had an ambient sheep density of 20–25 km−2. We sampled field data 4 years after enclosure removal and compared these to data sampled 8 and 9 years after enclosure erection. We sampled data on birch browsing pressure, birch distribution across life-stages (recruits, saplings, and mature trees), and birch annual radial growth. Fourteen years of increased or decreased sheep density had observable legacy effects depending on birch life-stage. Birch recruit prevalence decreased in areas, where sheep were reintroduced after being absent for 14 years. For the same areas, sapling and mature tree prevalence increased, indicating that these areas have entered alternative successional trajectories compared to areas, where sheep were present the whole time. Birch annual radial growth showed a lag effect of 2 years after enclosure removal, with growth decreasing in areas where sheep had been absent for 14 years and increasing where sheep densities were high. Thus, decadal-scale absences of herbivores can leave legacy effects due to increased numbers of trees that have high resistance to later-introduced herbivore browsing.