bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource availability in the social cloud: An economics perspective
Authors: Mane Pramod C. , Krishnamurthy Nagarajan , Ahuja Kapil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial cloud has emerged as a case of sharing economy, where socially connected agents share their computing resources within the community. This paper considers the social cloud as an endogenous resource‐sharing network, where agents are involved in closeness‐based conditional resource sharing. This study focuses on (1) the impact of agents' decisions of link addition and deletion on their own local and global resource availability as well as on others' global resource availability (as spillover effects), (2) the role of agents' closeness in determining spillover effects, (3) agents' link addition behavior, and (4) stability and efficiency of the social cloud. The findings include the following: (i) Agents' decision of link addition (deletion) increases (decreases) their local resource availability. However, these observations do not hold in the case of global resource availability. (ii) In a connected network, agents experience either a positive or a negative spillover effect and there is no case with no spillover effects. Agents observe no spillover effects if and only if the network is disconnected with three or more components. Furthermore, an agent experiences negative spillover if there is no change in its closeness. Although an increase in the closeness of agents is necessary to experience positive spillover effects, the condition is not sufficient. (iii) We study the relation between agents' distance from each other, and their local as well as global resource availabilities. We prove that the local resource availability of an agent from another agent increases with decrease in the distance between them and that maximum local resource availability is obtained from the agent with the least closeness. Using these results, we discuss which agent to add a link to, so as to maximize the local resource availability. We discuss why such results are difficult to establish for global resource availability. However, in a two‐diameter network, we show that for an agent, link formation always increases the global resource availability. (iv) We also study resource‐sharing network formation and its efficiency in a strategic setting. We prove the existence of a pairwise stable network. Furthermore, we provide a set of conditions for a few prominent network structures (star, complete, wheel, and bipartite networks) to be pairwise stable. We show that the “connected in pairs, otherwise disconnected” network is better than a connected network, in terms of social welfare.
Involvement of kallikrein‐PAR2‐proinflammatory pathway in severe trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Sasaki Ritsuko , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Eguchi Hidetaka , Horimoto Yoshiya , Shiga Takahiro , Miyazaki Sakiko , Kashiyama Taku , Akamatsu Wado , Saito Mitsue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity interferes with continued treatment in approximately 10% of patients with ErbB2‐positive breast cancer, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we recruited trastuzumab‐treated patients with ≥30% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (SP) and noncardiotoxic patients (NP). From each of these patients, we established three cases of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (pt‐iPSC‐CMs). Reduced contraction and relaxation velocities following trastuzumab treatment were more evident in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs than NP pt‐iPSC‐CMs, indicating the cardiotoxicity phenotype could be replicated. Differences in ATP production, reactive oxygen species, and autophagy activity were observed between the two groups. Analysis of transcripts revealed enhanced kallikrein5 expression and pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways, such as interleukin‐1β, in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs after trastuzumab treatment. The kallilkrein5‐protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2)‐MAPK signaling pathway was more activated in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs, and treatment with a PAR2‐antagonist suppressed interleukin‐1β expression. Our data indicate enhanced pro‐inflammatory responses through kallikrein5‐PAR2 signaling and vulnerability to external stresses appear to be the cause of trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity in SP.
Caries management using silver diamine fluoride and providing domiciliary dental care for dependent older adults: A qualitative study of Swiss dentists
Authors: Angst Lea , Nüesch Nina , Grandjean Marie‐Laure , Watson Sinead , McKenna Gerald J. , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesMaintaining the oral health of dependent older adults is challenging, with limited access to dental care and limited focus on preventive oral health programmes. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of General Dental Practitioners (GDPs), working in Switzerland, to caring for dependent older adults with a focus on the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a caries preventive agent and more widely on the provision of domiciliary dental care (DDC).MethodsSeventeen GDPs working in Switzerland were interviewed. Each interview was semi‐structured by a topic guide, digitally recorded, and transcribed. The transcribed data were analysed using a thematic analysis.ResultsThree major themes to the widespread use of SDF in this population were identified: lack of basic knowledge including indications for use; aesthetic concerns and product availability. Those who had knowledge about the product believed that using it in the treatment of frail older adults had advantages, especially in the preservation and/or prolongation of the life of teeth without invasive treatments. The biggest barrier was its availability. The GDPs identified three major barriers related to DDC provision: lack of infrastructure, poor financial rewards and safety concerns (patient and operator safety). Those who provided this service stated that they were doing it because of self‐motivation, kindness, or as a role in community service.ConclusionsThe potential use of SDF was viewed positively by the majority of the GDPs interviewed but confusion exists over its availability in Switzerland, and other barriers were identified to more widespread use in this patient group. The GDPs interviewed in this study reported that a lack of infrastructure and a low level of remuneration continue to be barriers to more of them undertaking DDC for dependent older adults.
One‐year real‐world outcomes of bevacizumab for the treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Wang Nancy , Hunt Adrian , Nguyen Vuong , Shah Janika , Fraser‐Bell Samantha , McAllister Ian , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark , Squirrell David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBevacizumab is the only agent that many people can afford, yet there are only limited data on whether it improves macular oedema (MO) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in real‐world clinical practice. Here we studied 12‐month real‐world treatment outcomes of bevacizumab for RVO‐related MO.MethodsThis was a multicentre, observational study analysing 12‐month data from the Fight Retinal Blindness! (FRB) database. We studied treatment‐naïve eyes with MO secondary to RVO commencing bevacizumab therapy between June 2009 and June 2019. Visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was a change in VA from baseline to 12 months.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty treatment naive eyes were analyzed. The baseline VA for BRVO was better than CRVO (55.8 vs. 42.6 LogMAR letters) and this gap widened over the 12‐month period, with a 12‐month VA change of +14.0 (95% CI 11.1, 16.8) letters for BRVO and + 11.9 (95% CI 6.4, 17.4) for CRVO. The mean CST at baseline was 511 μm for BRVO and 627 μm for CRVO, falling at 12 months by −155 μm (−190, −121) in BRVO and −198 μm (−252, −145) in CRVO. The median number of injections for BRVO and CRVO completers was 7 (5, 9).ConclusionsBevacizumab can be an effective treatment of RVO‐MO in a real‐world setting with outcomes approaching those reported by the seminal clinical trials. The functional and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal therapy were better for BRVO than CRVO.
Impact of abutment geometry on early implant marginal bone loss. A double‐blind, randomized, 6‐month clinical trial
Authors: Pérez‐Sayans Mario , Castelo‐Baz Pablo , Penarrocha‐Oltra David , Seijas‐Naya Flavio , Conde‐Amboage Mercedes , Somoza‐Martín José M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the abutment width on early marginal bone loss (MBL).Material and MethodsA balanced, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial with two parallel experimental arms was conducted without a control group. The arms were “cylindrical” abutment and “concave” abutment. Eighty hexagonal internal connection implants, each with a diameter of 4 × 10 mm, were placed in healed mature bone. The main variable was the peri‐implant tissue stability, which was measured as MBL at 8 weeks and 6 months.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 77 implants that were placed in 25 patients. 38 (49.4%) were placed using the cylindrical abutment, and the other 39 (50.6%) were placed using the concave abutment. The early global MBL of −0.6 ± 0.7 mm in the cylindrical abutment group was significantly higher than it was in the concave abutment group, in which the early global MBL was −0.4 ± 0.6 mm (p = .030). The estimated effect size (ES) was negative for the cylindrical abutment (ES = −1.3730, CI −2.5919 to −0.1327; t‐value = −2.4893; p = .0139), therefore implying a loss of mean bone level, and it was positive for the concave abutment (ES = 2.8231; CI: 1.4379 to 4.2083; t‐value = 4.0957; p = .0002), therefore implying an increase in the average bone level.ConclusionsThe concave abutments presented significantly less early MBL at 6 months post‐loading than classical cylindrical abutments did.
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote diabetic wound healing via the Wnt signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Zejing , Lu Hao , Tang Tao , Liu Lei , Pan Bohan , Chen Jiqiu , Cheng Dasheng , Cai Xiaoxiao , Sun Yu , Zhu Feng , Zhu Shihui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the therapeutic effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) on diabetic wound healing and the underlying mechanism.Materials and MethodsThe tFNAs were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and migration assays were performed to evaluate the effects of tFNAs on cellular proliferation and migration. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effect of tFNAs on growth factors. The function and role of tFNAs in diabetic wound healing were investigated using diabetic wound models, histological analyses and western blotting.ResultsCellular proliferation and migration were enhanced after treatment with tFNAs in a high‐glucose environment. The expression of growth factors was also facilitated by tFNAs in vitro. During in vivo experiments, tFNAs accelerated the healing process in diabetic wounds and promoted the regeneration of the epidermis, capillaries and collagen. Moreover, tFNAs increased the secretion of growth factors and activated the Wnt pathway in diabetic wounds.ConclusionsThis study indicates that tFNAs can accelerate diabetic wound healing and have potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Objective physical activity level is associated with rectus femoris muscle echo‐intensity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Okura Kazuki , Iwakura Masahiro , Kawagoshi Atsuyoshi , Sugawara Keiyu , Takahashi Hitomi , Shioya Takanobu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionSkeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the major extrapulmonary complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Some studies have reported a relationship between physical activity (PA) level and skeletal muscle quality assessed by echo‐intensity (EI) in healthy individuals but not in patients with COPD.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between PA level and both skeletal muscle EI and skeletal muscle mass in patients with COPD.MethodsWe employed a cross‐sectional design. Forty male outpatients with stable COPD were enrolled. Using B‐mode ultrasonography, we measured the rectus femoris muscle cross‐sectional area (RF‐CSA) and EI (RF‐EI). The RF‐CSA and RF‐EI were measured on frozen images using an electronic caliper and 8‐bit gray‐scale analysis, respectively. The objective PA level was determined by monitoring daily step counts and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity time (MVPA) with an activity monitor. A general regression model was used to assess the relationships between PA level and both RF‐CSA and RF‐EI. Age and body mass index (BMI) were adopted as confounding variables.ResultsTwenty‐five outpatients with stable COPD (age, 70 ± 7 years old; forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 55.0 ± 24.9% of predicted values) were finally enrolled in the present study. Even after adjusting for age and BMI, the daily step counts and MVPA were significantly associated with RF‐EI, and knee extensor force was associated with RF‐CSA.ConclusionThe present study showed that PA level was associated with RF‐EI in patients with COPD. In addition, RF‐CSA was associated with knee extensor force. When assessing skeletal muscle using ultrasonography in patients with COPD, we should also assess EI.
Measuring Women's Empowerment: Gender and Time‐use Agency in Benin, Malawi and Nigeria
Authors: Eissler Sarah , Heckert Jessica , Myers Emily , Seymour Greg , Sinharoy Sheela , Yount Kathryn 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTTime use, or how women and men allocate their time, is an important element of empowerment processes. To extend this area of study, this article proposes and explores the concept of time‐use agency, which shifts the focus from the amount of time individuals spend on activities to the strategic choices they make about how to allocate their time. It draws on 92 semi‐structured interviews from three qualitative studies in Benin, Malawi and Nigeria to explore and compare the salience of time‐use agency as a component of empowerment. The article finds that time‐use agency is salient among women and men and dictates how they can make and act upon strategic decisions related to how they allocate their time. It also finds that time‐use agency is tied to other dimensions of agency beyond decision making and ways of exerting influence in the household. Its findings highlight that women's capacity to exercise time‐use agency is conditional on gendered power dynamics and other barriers within households, which together are reciprocally related to local gender norms that dictate how women should spend their time.
Reactive hypoglycaemia during the OGTT after gestational diabetes mellitus: Metabolic implications and evolution
Authors: Quansah Dan Yedu , De Giorgi Sara , Le Dizes Olivier , Camponovo Chiara , Benhalima Katrien , Cosson Emmanuel , Puder Jardena J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes (GDM) presents an increased cardio‐metabolic risk and is diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Reactive hypoglycaemia (RH) during the OGTT in pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes. Although postpartum OGTT after GDM is recommended, the occurrence and implications of RH are unknown. We investigated the prevalence, metabolic implications and longitudinal evolution of RH at 6–8 weeks postpartum in women with a history of GDM.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2021, we consecutively followed 1237 women with previous GDM undergoing an OGTT at 6–8 weeks postpartum. RH was defined as 2‐h glucose <3.9 mmoL/L after the OGTT. Metabolic outcomes were compared in women with and without RH (RH+/RH−). We also included a subcohort of 191 women with data on insulin sensitivity/secretion indices (MATSUDA, HOMA‐IR, insulin‐adjusted‐secretion ISSI‐2).ResultsThe postpartum prevalence of RH was 12%. RH+ women had a more favourable metabolic profile including a 2‐5‐times lower prevalence of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome at 6–8 weeks postpartum compared to RH− (all p ≤ 0.034). In the subcohort, women with RH+ had higher insulin sensitivity, higher ISSI‐2 and an earlier glucose peak after OGTT (p ≤ 0.049) compared to RH− women at the same time point. Insulin resistance increased and ISSI‐2 decreased over the first year postpartum in both groups. These changes were associated with a 50% reduction in overall RH prevalence at 1‐year postpartum. Some of the favourable profiles of RH+ persisted at 1‐year postpartum, without group differences in the longitudinal metabolic changes.ConclusionsAt 6–8 weeks postpartum, RH was frequent in women after GDM and associated with a better metabolic profile including increased insulin sensitivity and higher insulin‐adjusted‐secretory capacity. RH might be a marker of favourable metabolic prognosis in women with a history of GDM.
Plant silicon defences reduce the performance of a chewing insect herbivore which benefits a contemporaneous sap‐feeding insect
Authors: Islam Tarikul , Moore Ben D. , Johnson Scott N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plant‐mediated interactions between phytophagous insects are ubiquitous. Silicon (Si) accumulation can defend plants against chewing insect herbivores, although sap‐feeders are comparatively less affected. It remains unknown how Si impacts interspecific interactions between chewing and sap‐feeding insect herbivores when sharing a host plant.
We grew the model grass Brachypodium distachyon with (+Si) or without (−Si) Si and assessed the impacts of Si supplementation on the contemporaneous performance and interguild interactions between a chewing (Helicoverpa armigera) and a sap‐feeding (Rhopalosiphum padi) insect herbivore. We further performed dual‐choice tests to assess insect preferences for +Si or −Si plants with or without prior insect attack.
Si reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) of both separately and contemporaneously fed caterpillars (H. armigera). Conversely, aphid abundance was higher on +Si plants compared to −Si plants. Caterpillar RGR and aphid abundance were negatively correlated on shared host plants. Furthermore, decreased caterpillar RGR on +Si plants benefitted aphid colonisation, indicating the plant‐mediated effects of Si on interspecific competition between the two insects. Attack by caterpillars induced leaf Si accumulation, regardless of aphid presence. In dual‐choice tests, caterpillars preferred aphid‐attacked −Si plants to aphid‐attacked +Si plants, whereas aphids preferred caterpillar‐attacked +Si plants to caterpillar‐attacked −Si plants.
Our results provide the first evidence for plant‐mediated effects of Si on interspecific competition between two insect herbivores. We suggest that the dissimilar effects of Si against different feeding guilds of herbivores may promote asymmetry in interspecific competition when sharing host plants, potentially impacting insect abundance and distribution.
Genomic evidence of recent European introgression into North American farmed and wild Atlantic salmon
Authors: Bradbury Ian R. , Lehnert Sarah Jean , Kess Tony , Van Wyngaarden Mallory , Duffy Steven , Messmer Amber M. , Wringe Brendan , Karoliussen Silje , Dempson J. Brian , Fleming Ian A. , Solberg Monica Favnebe , Glover Kevin A. , Bentzen Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGene flow between wild and domestic populations has been repeatedly demonstrated across a diverse range of taxa. Ultimately, the genetic impacts of gene flow from domestic into wild populations depend both on the degree of domestication and the original source of the domesticated population. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, used in North American aquaculture are ostensibly of North American origin. However, evidence of European introgression into North American aquaculture salmon has accumulated in recent decades, even though the use of diploid European salmon has never been approved in Canada. The full extent of such introgression as well as the potential impacts on wild salmon in the Northwest Atlantic remains uncertain. Here, we extend previous work comparing North American and European wild salmon (n = 5799) using a 220 K SNP array to quantify levels of recent European introgression into samples of domestic salmon, aquaculture escapees, and wild salmon collected throughout Atlantic Canada. Analysis of North American farmed salmon (n = 403) and escapees (n = 289) displayed significantly elevated levels of European ancestry by comparison with wild individuals (p < 0.001). Of North American farmed salmon sampled between 2011 and 2018, ~17% had more than 10% European ancestry and several individuals exceeded 40% European ancestry. Samples of escaped farmed salmon similarly displayed elevated levels of European ancestry, with two individuals classified as 100% European. Analysis of juvenile salmon collected in rivers proximate to aquaculture locations also revealed evidence of elevated European ancestry and larger admixture tract in comparison to individuals collected at distance from aquaculture. Overall, our results demonstrate that even though diploid European salmon have never been approved for use in Canada, individuals of full and partial European ancestry have been in use over the last decade, and that some of these individuals have escaped and hybridized in the wild.
Automated sarcasm detection and classification using hyperparameter tuned deep learning model for social networks
Authors: Vinoth Dakshnamoorthy , Prabhavathy Panneer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent digital era, social media sites have been commonly used by majority of people to generate massive quantities of textual data. Sarcasm can be treated as a kind of sentiment, which generally expresses the opposite of what has been anticipated. Since sarcasm detection is mainly based on the context of utterances or sentences, it is hard to design a model to proficiently detect sarcasm in the domain of natural language processing (NLP). The recent advancements of deep learning (DL) models influence neural networks (NN) in learning the lexical as well as contextual features, eradicating the necessity of hand‐crafted features for sarcasm detection. With this motivation, this article designs an automated sarcasm detection and classification tool using hyperparameter tuned deep learning (ASDC‐HPTDL) model for social media. The proposed ASDC‐HPTDL technique primarily involves pre‐processing stage to transform the data into useful format. At the next stage of pre‐processing, the pre‐processed data is converted into the feature vector by Glove Embedding's technique. Followed by, attention bidirectional gated recurrent unit (ABiGRU) technique is utilized to detect and classify sarcasm. In order to boost the detection outcomes of the ABiGRU technique, a hyperparameter tuning process using improved artificial flora algorithm (IAFO) is employed, shows the novelty of the work. The proposed model is validated using the benchmark dataset and the results are examined interms of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1‐score.