bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystatin C‐based eGFR predicts cardiovascular disease in patients with overweight/obesity and hyperglycemia
Authors: Suzuki Keita , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Noda Mitsuhiko , Yamakage Hajime , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many clinical parameters have been identified as predictors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development in the general population, the accurate predictor for CVD in patients with obesity is still unknown.ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore an additional risk factor and predictor for CVD in patients with overweight/obesity considering the interaction of obesity‐related pathophysiology.MethodsThe Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome study, a multicenter prospective study, enrolled 787 outpatients, of which 318 eligible patients were analyzed. Patients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≥6.11 and < 6.11 mmol/L were considered to have high FPG (HFPG) and normal FPG (NFPG), respectively. Thirty‐six patients who developed CVD during the 5 years follow‐up were assigned to the CVD group.ResultsCox's proportional hazards model revealed no significant association between CVD and cystatin C‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) or creatinine‐based eGFR (eGFRcr) in the NFPG group. In the HFPG group, lower eGFRcys, but not eGFRcr, was significantly associated with CVD development. A generalized linear mixed model demonstrated greater reduction in eGFRcys levels over time with HFPG than with NFPG. Although the CVD group showed gradual reduction in eGFRcys levels, the non‐CVD group—matched using propensity scores—did not show a decline in eGFRcys levels.ConclusionsLower eGFRcys levels may be more accurate than eGFRcr in predicting CVD development in patients with overweight/obesity and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, eGFRcys reduction over time is associated with CVD development.Clinical Trial Registry NumberUMIN000000559
Thermoplastic vulcanizates dynamically cross‐linked by a tailored small molecule
Authors: Liu Wei , Ding Jianping , Chen Yukun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with more features and functions are able to find broader applications, which is increasingly desired in our daily lives. However, great challenges were facing to develop novel TPVs with integrated properties such as reinforcement, recycling, and shape memory. Herein, we report a simple and effective route to prepare mechanically robust, recyclable and shape memory‐epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/polylactic acid (PLA) TPVs by employing a tailored cross‐linker (FDP) containing triple dynamic covalent bonds instead of conventional cross‐linkers. The ENR phase in ENR/PLA TPVs evolved into a regular continuous phase and PLA was grafted onto ENR chain segments through FDP. The TPVs exhibited a tensile behavior of classical elastomers rather than that of plastics, with a tensile strength of 7.8 MPa and elongation at break of 174%, increased by 1.5 times and 2.9 times, respectively as compared to the traditional TPVs vulcanized by peroxide. The topology rearrangement of the cross‐linked ENR networks in the TPVs can be accomplished at high temperatures. Furthermore, its regular phase structure also bestowed an excellent shape memory ability on the TPVs. This work is promising to provide a new design idea for the development of high‐performance TPVs using readily available raw materials.
Modeling and influencing factor analysis for the temperature and damage dependent tensile strength of fiber/polymer composites
Authors: Li Ying , Li Weiguo , Zhang Xiaoyong , Shao Jiaxing , Deng Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of aerospace technology, the application of fiber/polymer composites in extreme environments especially at high temperature gets more and more extensive, the tensile properties of fiber/polymer composites in different temperatures environment have become a critical issue of concern. In this work, a temperature and damage dependent tensile strength (TDDTS) model for fiber/polymer composites was presented based on the force‐heat equivalence energy density principle and the damage failure analysis. The TDDTS model considers the combined effects of temperature, the evolution of constituents' properties and damage with temperature. Meanwhile, the TDDTS model has advantages from the aspects of prediction accuracy and convenience by comparison with our previous model and the Curtin's model. Further on, the influencing factors analysis of fiber/polymer composites concerning the tensile properties and damage evolution with temperature was conducted. This study offers a reliable model for predicting the TDDTS of fiber/polymer composites, and provides important insight for the strength degradation mechanism and the damage evolution.
Prenatal diagnosis of Coffin‐Siris syndrome: What are the fetal features?
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Jing Xiang‐Yi , Lin Xiao‐Mei , Zhen Li , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo present both our center's and previously reported experience of prenatal diagnosis of Coffin‐Siris syndrome (CSS) with regard to the laboratory testing and fetal features of this syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of eight pregnancies with fetal CSS identified by prenatal or postnatal genetic testing. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing (ES) results, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsA total of eight cases of fetal CSS based on molecular testing were detected. Two cases presented with an increased nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester. The remaining six were identified at the second trimester scan. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) was the most common sonographic finding, accounting for 5/7 (71.4%) cases in which a second trimester sonogram was performed: four had ACC as an isolated finding, and one had additional features of cerebellar hypoplasia and left congenital diaphragmatic hernia.ConclusionCSS should be included in the differential diagnosis when ACC is found by prenatal ultrasound. Both chromosomal microarray and ES should be options when counseling patients with a structurally anomalous fetus.
Network‐related teaching and changes in classroom seating
Authors: Steggerda Jake C. , Gregus Samantha J. , Craig James T. , McMillan Hali , Cavell Timothy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe extent to which teachers make changes in classroom seating reflects, in part, the degree to which they value promoting positive peer relationships in the classroom. We assessed the frequency with which teachers made both minor (i.e., involving only 2–3 students) and major (involving half or more students in the class) changes in classroom seating. We tested whether the frequency of seating changes was linked to teachers' beliefs about promoting positive peer relationships, their attunement to child‐ or peer‐reports of peer victimization, and their concern about bullying at the school. Participants were 37 fourth‐grade teachers and their students (N = 677). The frequency of major seating changes was negatively associated with teachers' peer‐focused classroom seating (PFCS) beliefs and to their attunement to student peer victimization. Minor seating changes were positively associated with PFCS beliefs for teachers with low or average attunement to peer victimization; however, teachers highly attuned to peer victimization made fewer minor seating changes regardless of their PFCS beliefs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Population pharmacokinetic of paracetamol and atorvastatin with co‐administration of semaglutide
Authors: Langeskov Emilie K. , Kristensen Kim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSemaglutide is a glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogue marketed for once‐weekly subcutaneous administration for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Like other long‐acting GLP‐1 analogues, semaglutide reduces gastric emptying and, potentially, alters the rate of absorption of orally co‐administered drugs. The objective of the current analysis was to evaluate the effects on the gastric emptying rate caused by semaglutide on pharmacokinetic model parameters of paracetamol and atorvastatin in healthy subjects. Non‐linear mixed effect modeling was used to estimate population pharmacokinetic model parameters of paracetamol and atorvastatin after single doses with or without semaglutide. The absorption rate (ka) of paracetamol decreased by 53% when co‐administered with semaglutide. For atorvastatin, ka and transit compartment rate (ktr) decreased by 72% and 91%, respectively. Thus, gastric emptying, measured as T50, i.e., drug disappearance from the absorption compartments, showed an additional 5‐min delay for paracetamol and a 67‐min delay for atorvastatin when co‐administered with semaglutide. Semaglutide affected pharmacokinetic model parameters of paracetamol and atorvastatin, and minor quantitative differences in gastric emptying between placebo vs. semaglutide administration were observed. However, these effects of semaglutide were considered not to be of clinical relevance.
Pharmacology of α‐spinasterol, a phytosterol with nutraceutical values: A review
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Ahmad Furkan , Mundkur Lakshmi , Appian Subramoniam 
Published: July 2022

Abstractα‐Spinasterol is a phytosterol found in various edible and non‐edible plant sources. The edible plant materials containing α‐spinasterol include spinach leaves, cucumber fruits, seeds of pumpkin and watermelon, argan seed oil, cactus pear seed oil and Amaranthus sp. It is a bioavailable nutraceutical, and it can cross the blood–brain barrier. It possesses several important pharmacological properties such as anti‐diabetes mellitus, antiinflammation, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, neuroprotection, anti‐pain and antitumour activities. For this review, literature search was made focusing on the pharmacological properties of α‐spinasterol using PubMed and Google Scholar data bases. Recent studies show the promising antidiabetic properties of α‐spinasterol. Its anti‐diabetic mechanisms include enhancement of insulin secretion, reduction in insulin resistance, anti‐diabetic nephropathy, increase in glucose uptake in muscle cells and inhibition of glucose absorption from intestine. Besides, it is a safe antiinflammatory agent, and its antiinflammatory mechanisms include inhibition of cyclooxygenases, antagonism of TRPV1 receptor and attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators. It is a promising and safe nutraceutical molecule for human health care. Food supplements, value‐added products and nutraceutical formulations can be developed with α‐spinasterol for the management of diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases and improving general health. This review provides all scattered pharmacological studies on α‐spinasterol in one place and highlights its immense value for human health care.
Development of kinetic energy density functional using response function defined on the energy coordinate
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA kinetic energy functional was developed within the framework of the density‐functional theory (DFT) based on the energy electron density for the purpose of realizing the orbital‐free DFT. The functional includes the nonlocal term described with the linear‐response function (LRF) of a reference system. As a notable feature of the present approach, the LRF is represented on the energy coordinate ϵ defined for each system of interest. In addition, an atomic system is taken as a reference system for the construction of the LRF, which shows a clear difference from the conventional approach based on the homogeneous electron gas. The explicit form of the functional was formulated by means of the Taylor series expansion of the kinetic energy. The functional was applied to the calculations of the kinetic energies of the pseudo atoms that mimics H, He, Ne, and Ar. Explicitly, the kinetic energy of each atom was computed using the functional with respect to the variation of the valence charge Zv of each atom. In these calculations, the electron density n optimized by the Kohn‐Sham DFT was adopted as an argument of the functional. It was found that the results are in excellent agreements with those given by the Kohn‐Sham DFT. We also devised a method to perform the self‐consistent field calculation utilizing the functional . The method was applied to the computation of the radial distribution functions of the electrons in the pseudo Ne and Ar atoms. It was demonstrated that the results reasonably agree with those yielded by the Kohn‐Sham DFT.
Thermogravimetry combined with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for characterization of synthetic polymers
Authors: Lin Hsing‐Jung , Jhang Siou‐Sian , Hung Jui‐Hung , Zhang Yao‐Sheng , Wu Heng‐Liang , Shiea Jentaie 
Published: July 2022

RationaleThermogravimetry (TG) combined with electrospray and atmospheric chemical ionization (ESI+APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to rapidly characterize thermal decomposition products of synthetic polymers and plastic products. The ESI‐based TG‐MS method is useful for characterizing thermally labile, nonvolatile, and polar compounds over an extensive mass range; and the APCI‐based TG‐MS counterpart is useful for characterizing volatile and nonpolar compounds. Both polar and nonpolar compounds can be simultaneously detected by ESI+APCI‐based TG–MS.MethodsAnalytes with different volatility were produced from TG operated at different temperatures, which were delivered through a heated stainless‐steel tube to the ESI+APCI source where they reacted with the primary charged species generated from electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ESI+APCI) of solvent and nitrogen. The analyte ions were then detected by an ion trap mass spectrometer.ResultsA semi‐volatile PEG 600 standard was used as the sample and protonated and sodiated molecular ions together with adduct ions including [(PEG)n + 15]+, [(PEG)n + 18]+, and [(PEG)n + 29]+ were detected by TG‐ESI+APCI‐MS. The technique was further utilized to characterize thermal decomposition products of nonvolatile polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polystyrene (PS) standards, as well as a PS‐made water cup and coffee cup lid. The characteristic fragments of PPG and PS with mass differences of 58 and 104 between respective ion peaks were detected at the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax).ConclusionsThe information obtained from the TG–ESI+APCI‐MS analysis is useful in rapidly distinguishing different types of polymers and their products. In addition, the signals of the additives in the polymer products, including antioxidants and plasticizers, were also detected before the TG temperature reached Tmax.
Response of soil health indicators to long‐term dairy manure in a semiarid irrigated cropping system
Authors: Dungan Robert S. , McKinney Chad W. , Acosta‐Martinez Veronica , Leytem April B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDairy manure fertilization is an important practice to return nutrients to agricultural soils, but there is limited knowledge regarding the effect of manure on soil health metrics in semiarid irrigated row crops. The objective of this research was to determine how long‐term dairy manure application affects biological and chemical indicators of soil health in a field experiment in southern Idaho. The treatments were no fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer (IF), and dairy manure applied annually or biennially at rates of 17, 35, and 52 Mg ha–1 on a dry weight basis. Spring soil samples were collected 7 yr after project initiation at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm and analyzed with soil health metrics that are commonly used to quantify organic matter pools and biological nutrient cycling via enzyme activities and N transformation rates. Soil organic C increased with increasing application rate and more than doubled after 7 yr of annual manure at the highest application rate. In general, C and N pools, enzyme activities, and N transformation rates were greater at 0–15 cm than deeper in the soil profile. Compared with IF, annual and biennial manure treatments had a significant effect on most indicators at both soil depths, which increased with increasing manure application rate. Because of the strong response of the indicators to dairy manure, all were found to be positively and significantly correlated with each other, suggesting that only a small subset of the metrics tested could potentially be used to evaluate the influence of manure on soil health in the region.
Changing the gendered status quo in engineering? The encouraging and discouraging experiences of young women with engineering aspirations
Authors: Nguyen Ursula , Russo‐Tait Tatiane , Riegle‐Crumb Catherine , Doerr Katherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractYoung women remain underrepresented among engineering bachelor's degree holders. While there is a relatively large body of extant research on the many factors that curtail young women's interest in pursuing engineering, less is known about high school girls who are on an engineering pathway. Therefore, this study focuses on a select group of precollege young women who express a strong interest in engineering. Specifically, informed by theories of gender as a social system and previous empirical research, this mixed‐methods study explores the constellation of significant actors within the daily lives of these young women, to understand from whom and how they are supported in pursuing this gender‐atypical field, and simultaneously, from whom and how they are discouraged. To do so, the researchers analyzed survey and interview data from a sample of diverse high school girls who participate in the Society of Women Engineers' (SWE) SWENext programme. Quantitative results indicate that young women report high levels of encouragement from most sources, including parents, teachers, and other young women. However, across various peer contexts, they receive much more support from other young women than from young men. Qualitative results further reveal that parents and teachers stand out in young women's recollections of encouragement, often through advocating their participation in engineering activities or providing mentoring support. In contrast, young men in engineering spaces were recalled as particularly discouraging of their engineering participation, by socially or physically excluding them or refusing to provide recognition. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Optimization of Conditions for Removal Phenolic Compounds from Water by a Graphene Oxide Aerogel
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Huu , Tu Tran Hoang , Huong Le Minh , Dat Nguyen Minh , Tinh Ninh Thi , Hai Nguyen Duy , Viet Nguyen Duc , Trinh Dinh Ngoc , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Phong Mai Thanh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite by improved Hummers’ method. Graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) was synthesized via the ice segregation induced self‐assembly method. Various modern analytical methods were utilized to characterize GOA. The results revealed the aerogel structure with a pore size of 100–150 μm, a specific surface area of 515.21 m2/g, and a pore volume of 2.08–2.16 cm3/g. The synthesized GOA was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of phenol (PN) and bisphenol A (BPA) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 117.65 and 70.17 mg/g, respectively. Response surface methodology involving a rotating central composite design was applied to investigate simultaneously the effects of adsorption variables including adsorption time, pH, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of GOA for PN or BPA. The results showed that the optimal adsorption efficiency for PN was 92.15 % with an adsorption time of 208.52 min, a pH of 6.08, and an initial PN concentration of 30 mg/L. Regarding BPA, the optimal adsorption efficiency was 95.27 % with an adsorption time of 352.79 min, a pH of 4.91, and an initial BPA concentration of 20 mg/L. The adsorption of both PN and BPA onto GOA was appropriate with the Langmuir model, in which the maximum adsorption capacity of GOA for PN and BPA was 117.65 and 70.175 mg/g, respectively. The results confirmed that the adsorption of PN and BPA onto GOA was monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The adsorption mechanism of GOA for PN or BPA depended mainly on the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between −OH of PN, BPA, and oxygen‐containing functional groups of GOA. Besides, π‐π interaction between carbon rings of GOA and PN or BPA also contributed to the enhancement of adsorption performance. The results showed that GOA exhibited potential application in the treatment of organic pollutants. Besides, the evaluation of the morphology of the GOA and the simultaneous effects of different factors can contribute to the advancement of graphene‐based materials and the improvement of wastewater treatment.
Characterizing Reaction Space in the Continuous‐Flow Esterification of Oleic Acid Using a Sulfonated Hydrothermal Carbon Catalyst
Authors: Fraley Norman , Wright Marcus , Lachgar Abdessadek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContinuous‐flow catalytic esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol in the presence of sulfonated hydrothermal carbon (SHTC) as catalyst was studied. Using a Box‐Behnken experimental design protocol, the effects of residence time, methanol:acid molar ratio, and water concentration on the conversion of oleic acid into methyl oleate were investigated. The optimum conditions for achieving esterification greater than 90 % at 100 °C were determined to be 11‐minute residence time, a MeOH:FFA molar ratio >14.6 and up to 14.9 % water. The SHTC was used continuously for 4.5 days without a significant decrease in catalytic performance. The results confirmed that SHTC is an effective solid acid catalyst in a continuous flow system for the esterification of FFA.
Efficient One Pot and Chemoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydro‐6H‐chromeno[4,3‐d]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐ones via a Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rostampoor Azar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this research, a simple and chemoselective synthesis of highly fluorescent polysubstituted dihydro‐6H‐chromeno[4,3‐d]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐ones containing one chiral stereocenter is presented by a sequential four‐component reaction of 4‐chloro‐3‐formylcoumarin, 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ5‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐ones (Wittig reagent), benzoylacetonitriles and hydrazine hydrate as readily available starting materials, which includes base‐mediated 1,4‐addition/aza‐Michael addition/formation of two C−N bonds. The desired products were obtained with short reaction times, easy purification (products can be purified by washing with EtOH), and medium to high yields (up to 92 %) under relatively mild reaction conditions. Molecular structures were determined by IR spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.