bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors
Authors: Lu Ping-Keng , Fernandez Olvera Anuar de Jesus , Turan Deniz , Seifert Tom Sebastian , Yardimci Nezih Tolga , Kampfrath Tobias , Preu Sascha , Jarrahi Mona 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEfficient terahertz generation and detection are a key prerequisite for high performance terahertz systems. Major advancements in realizing efficient terahertz emitters and detectors were enabled through photonics-driven semiconductor devices, thanks to the extremely wide bandwidth available at optical frequencies. Through the efficient generation and ultrafast transport of charge carriers within a photo-absorbing semiconductor material, terahertz frequency components are created from the mixing products of the optical frequency components that drive the terahertz device – a process usually referred to as photomixing. The created terahertz frequency components, which are in the physical form of oscillating carrier concentrations, can feed a terahertz antenna and get radiated in case of a terahertz emitter, or mix with an incoming terahertz wave to down-convert to DC or to a low frequency photocurrent in case of a terahertz detector. Realizing terahertz photoconductors typically relies on short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors as the photo-absorbing material, where photocarriers are quickly trapped within one picosecond or less after generation, leading to ultrafast carrier dynamics that facilitates high-frequency device operation. However, while enabling broadband operation, a sub-picosecond lifetime of the photocarriers results in a substantial loss of photoconductive gain and optical responsivity. In addition, growth of short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors in many cases relies on the use of rare elements and non-standard processes with limited accessibility. Therefore, there is a strong motivation to explore and develop alternative techniques for realizing terahertz photomixers that do not rely on these defect-introduced short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. This review will provide an overview of several promising approaches to realize terahertz emitters and detectors without short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. These novel approaches utilize p-i-n diode junctions, plasmonic nanostructures, ultrafast spintronics, and low-dimensional materials to offer ultrafast carrier response. These innovative directions have great potentials for extending the applicability and accessibility of the terahertz spectrum for a wide range of applications.
Evaluation of non-uniform water film behavior on the performance of an axial aeroengine compressor
Authors: Ishaque Ghulam , Zheng Qun , Ahmad Naseem , Luo Mingcong , Khushak Sanaullah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-phase flow CFD simulations are conducted to investigate the performance characteristics of an axial flow compressor operating under an excessive amount of water intrusion exposed to a rainy atmosphere. In order to obtain a certain compressor behavior under the water film irregularities, the blade surfaces are divided into a small number of regions depending on the film thickness. In addition, to examine the droplets interaction with rotating blades and splashing process, a self-compiled FORTRAN code has been used. The results showed that uneven roughening of blade surfaces is the effective technique to identify the deterioration in performance with irregular wall film thickness. The overall adiabatic efficiency and pressure ratio are decreased by 6% and 0.88 at a 5% water injection rate using an irregular rough wall model. Moreover, the increased wall film has adversely influenced the internal flow mechanism, which resulted the increase of passage shock intensity, entropy level within the main flow zone as well as the blade surface temperature.
Resiliente und wandlungsfähige Produktion von morgen
Authors: Borgmann Felix , Kalbe Nils , Günter Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heutige Produktionssysteme sind oft nicht in der Lage, die notwendige Resilienz und Wandlungsfähigkeit bereitzustellen, um auf dynamisch veränderliche Einflussfaktoren reagieren zu können. Die Steigerung dieser Zielgrößen stellt für viele Unternehmen eine Herausforderung dar. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Reifegradanalyse unterstützt die Evaluation des Status quo eines Produktionssystems und die Identifikation praxisrelevanter Anforderungen zur schrittweisen Entwicklung in Richtung einer Matrixproduktion.
Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity Mediates Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic Regulation of Inhibitory Control in Older Adults
Authors: Tomassini Alessandro , Hezemans Frank H. , Ye Rong , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Wolpe Noham , Rowe James B. 
Published: March 2022

Response inhibition is a core executive function enabling adaptive behavior in dynamic environments. Human and animal models indicate that inhibitory control and control networks are modulated by noradrenaline, arising from the locus coeruleus. The integrity (i.e., cellular density) of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system can be estimated from magnetization transfer (MT)-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in view of neuromelanin present in noradrenergic neurons of older adults. Noradrenergic psychopharmacological studies indicate noradrenergic modulation of prefrontal and frontostriatal stopping-circuits in association with behavioral change. Here, we test the noradrenergic hypothesis of inhibitory control, in healthy adults. We predicted that locus coeruleus integrity is associated with age-adjusted variance in response inhibition, mediated by changes in connectivity between frontal inhibitory control regions. In a preregistered analysis, we used MT MRI images fromN= 63 healthy humans aged above 50 years (of either sex) who performed a Stop-Signal Task (SST), with atlas-based measurement of locus coeruleus contrast. We confirm that better response inhibition is correlated with locus coeruleus integrity and stronger connectivity between presupplementary motor area (preSMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), but not volumes of the prefrontal cortical regions. We confirmed a significant role of prefrontal connectivity in mediating the effect of individual differences in the locus coeruleus on behavior, where this effect was moderated by age, over and above adjustment for the mean effects of age. Our results support the hypothesis that in normal populations, as in clinical settings, the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system regulates inhibitory control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that the integrity of the locus coeruleus, the principal source of cortical noradrenaline, is related to the efficiency of response inhibition in healthy older adults. This effect is in part mediated by its effect on functional connectivity in a prefrontal cortical stopping-network. The behavioral effect, and its mediation by connectivity, are moderated by age. This supports the psychopharmacological and genetic evidence for the noradrenergic regulation of behavioral control, in a population-based normative cohort. Noradrenergic treatment strategies may be effective to improve behavioral control in impulsive clinical populations, but age, and locus coeruleus integrity, are likely to be important stratification factors.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer: genome-based search for new targeted therapy options
Authors: Hescheler Daniel Alexander , Hartmann Milan Janis Michael , Riemann Burkhard , Michel Maximilian , Bruns Christiane Josephine , Alakus Hakan , Chiapponi Costanza 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human cancers with meager treatment options. We aimed to identify the targeted drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancer in general, which could be effective in ATC.

Design
Database mining.

Methods
FDA-approved drugs for targeted therapy were identified by screening the databases of MyCancerGenome and the National Cancer Institute. Drugs were linked to the target genes by querying Drugbank. Subsequently, MyCancerGenome, CIViC, TARGET and OncoKB were mined for genetic alterations which are predicted to lead to drug sensitivity or resistance. We searched the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) for patients with ATC and probed their sequencing data for genetic alterations which predict a drug response.

Results
In the study,155 FDA-approved drugs with 136 potentially targetable genes were identified. Seventeen (52%) of 33 patients found in TCGA had at least one genetic alteration in targetable genes. The point mutation BRAF V600E was seen in 45% of patients. PIK3CA occurred in 18% of cases. Amplifications of ALK and SRC were detected in 3% of cases, respectively. Fifteen percent of the patients displayed a co-mutation of BRAF and PIK3CA. Besides BRAF-inhibitors, the PIK3CA-inhibitor copanlisib showed a genetically predicted response. The 146 (94%) remaining drugs showed no or low (under 4% cases) genetically predicted drug response.

Conclusions
While ATC carrying BRAF mutations can benefit from BRAF inhibitors and this effect might be enhanced by a combined strategy including PIK3CA inhibitors in some of the patients, alterations in BRAFWT ATC are not directly targeted by currently FDA-approved options.
Frequency, determinants and costs of thyroid function testing in a laboratory serving a large population
Authors: Javaid Usman , Kennedy David , Addison Caroline , Tsatlidis Vasileios , Razvi Salman 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To assess the rationale and frequency of thyroid function testing and to analyse factors that influence serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels.

Patients, design and main outcome measures
Serum TSH levels were evaluated in a hospital laboratory serving a population of 604 000 in 2018. Patients on medications or with conditions affecting thyroid function were excluded. Frequency of thyroid function testing by age and sex was assessed and the relationship between serum TSH with potential predictor variables was analysed using ordinary least square regression analysis allowing for potential non-linearity.

Results
Twenty-eight percent of the local population had their thyroid function tested at least once in 2018 with significant differences by sex (28.2% women vs 23.4% men) and by age groups, with less than 2% of <16-year-old people and more than 50% of >80-year-old people being tested. Most of the symptoms commonly attributed to thyroid dysfunction were not higher in the thyroid dysfunction groups. Serum TSH levels were higher in older people particularly after the age of 60 years, in women (by 0.1 mIU/L), during the early hours of the morning, and in winter and spring seasons. There was remarkable uniformity in the frequency of subclinical thyroid dysfunction, as well as substantial cost savings, if TSH reference intervals were recalculated across sexes, age groups, time-periods and seasons.

Conclusions
Serum TSH is frequently tested in the population but is not a good discriminant of symptoms attributed to thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, considering the influence of factors on TSH reference limits could significantly impact patient care and resource utilisation.
Trabajo asalariado en el monocultivo de piña en la Región Huetar Norte
Authors: Acuña Alvarado Marylaura , Salgado Ramírez Moisés 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
Costa Rica se posiciona como el principal exportador de piña en el mundo, sin embargo este monocultivo ha generado diversas consecuencias socio-ambientales. Entre las afectaciones sociales, se destaca la explotación laboral de personas en condiciones migratorias irregulares en las plantaciones de piña en la zona norte del país.
Objetivo
La ponencia busca presentar algunos hallazgos en torno al mundo del trabajo asalariado en el monocultivo de piña en las comunidades de Medio Queso y Santa Fe de Los Chiles.
Método
Estos resultados surgen de un proceso de investigación enmarcado en un proyecto de acción social de la Universidad de Costa Rica, dedicado al acompañamiento organizativo en comunidades que enfrentan conflictos socio-ambientales. El proyecto se desarrolló con una metodología participativa y aunado a esto se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y observaciones participantes.
Resultados
La ponencia presenta una descripción de la expansión piñera en las comunidades, así como la organización sindical y comunitaria presente en estos territorios. Asimismo, se aportan algunos elementos que caracterizan el momento de creación del valor del trabajo en la etapa de producción y los mecanismos contractuales presentes en las empresas piñeras estudiadas. Aunado a esto, se identifican los procesos de desplazamiento de trabajadores(as) migrantes y de las formas de reproducción de la fuerza laboral.
Posturas “antipornografía” y “anticensura” en el feminismo. Una reflexión sobre sus diferencias y similitudes
Authors: Alpízar Lobo Natasha 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
En el presente ensayo se plantea una discusión sobre tendencias “antipornografía” y “anticensura” en la pornografía. Se señalan algunas diferencias entre ambas, pero el aporte central será el señalamiento de proximidades en tanto ambas líneas conciben la pornografía como imagen u objeto (acabado), en donde no hay una trascendencia en la forma de comprensión.
Objetivo
El objetivo principal es comparar y describir dos de los posicionamientos más importantes cuando se ha tratado de pensar e investigar la pornografía desde el feminismo.
Método
Se realizó una sistematización de referencias clásicas y contemporáneas en el gestor de referencias Mendeley y para su categorización más en profundidad se trabajó con un documento en Excel.
Resultados
Por lo general las referencias académicas consultadas insisten en las diferencias sociohistóricas, en las nociones sobre sexualidad y pornografía que hay entre las posturas “antipornografía” y “anticensura” en el feminismo. No obstante, rara vez se problematizan las similitudes y continuidades entre sí, las cuales están asociadas a la ubicación de la pornografía como imagen u objeto.
Conclusión
En el cierre, el ensayo propone que es necesaria una lectura la pornografía como proceso relacional en constante despliegue (inacabado), no simplemente como imagen u objeto.
Desastres en Argentina: un análisis de preferencias y percepciones (2017-2019)
Authors: González Fernando Antonio Ignacio , London Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
Los desastres constituyen uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad. Las percepciones respecto a estos eventos extremos y sus consecuencias afectan ampliamente el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas de adaptación y mitigación.
Objetivo principal
Analizar los determinantes de preferencias y percepciones sobre los desastres en Argentina (2017-2019).
Método y técnica
Se emplean dos ondas de una encuesta de opinión pública (N=3056) realizadas en 2017 y 2019. Se consideran determinantes socio-económicos y subjetivos y se procede con un análisis de regresión. Los resultados de interés incluyen la percepción de la probabilidad de morir a causa de un desastre, la preferencia hacia un mayor gasto público en viviendas más seguras y la preferencia hacia priorizar la protección ambiental o el crecimiento económico.
Resultados
Los resultados sugieren que las privaciones materiales del hogar, la provincia de residencia (Mendoza, San Juan y Santa Fe, en particular) y haber estado expuesto previamente a desastres, afectan significativamente la percepción sobre los desastres. En el mismo sentido, la confianza en la comunidad y la percepción sobre la facilidad de recibir beneficios públicos en caso de necesitarlos constituyen determinantes subjetivos relevantes.
Conclusión
En el actual contexto de cambio climático los hallazgos de este trabajo constituyen un insumo para la elaboración e implementación de políticas de preparación y mitigación frente a desastres. En este sentido, entender qué experiencias o factores socio-económicos afectan las preferencias hacia la protección ambiental es de vital importancia.
Multisectorialidad, sujetos y saberes en talleres de formación política de movimientos populares
Authors: Palumbo Maria Mercedes 
Published: March 2022

Introducción
La condición multisectorial de los movimientos populares, pese a su relevancia, ha sido débilmente indagada en la literatura especializada, en términos de sus efectos internos en los distintos espacios y momentos que conforman la vida militante. Los talleres de formación política operan como un analizador de las vinculaciones entre la dimensión epistémica y la multisectorialidad en los movimientos.
Objetivo
Por ello, en este artículo nos proponemos realizar una lectura de la dimensión epistémica de los talleres de formación política de movimientos populares del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se analizan dos talleres de formación de base que adoptaron una modalidad textual con el fin de atender a su condición multisectorial.
Método
Se llevó adelante una investigación cualitativa con base en un estudio de casos múltiples. Los datos se recogieron a través de una triangulación de técnicas: observación participante en los talleres y entrevistas en profundidad a sus participantes.
Resultados
Se encontraron significaciones y apropiaciones subjetivas diferenciales sobre los aportes de saberes y las concepciones de los sujetos del saber y del no-saber. Lo anterior, en función de los tipos de militantes involucrados en la formación, según sean coordinadores, militantes de apoyo, destinatarios «compañeros de los barrios» o destinatarios de clase media universitaria.
Conclusiones
El análisis de la condición multisectorial resulta relevante al visibilizar el desafío que supone para los movimientos populares la construcción de un proyecto colectivo de transformación social que considere la pluralidad de saberes y sujetos militantes.
Sujeto indígena y masculinidad: un diálogo sobre las intersecciones entre género y etnia
Authors: Gutiérrez Jonathan Ojeda , Cortés Carreño José Cruz Jorge 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los estudios sobre masculinidades en América Latina han diversificado sus ejes temáticos y uno de ellos es el relacionado con temas etno-raciales. Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la masculinización del sujeto indígena, tema que necesita atenderse y discutirse en articulación con otros corpus teóricos para comprender que etnia y género son categorías relacionadas y vinculadas a procesos históricos.
Objetivo: El objetivo es presentar una propuesta para ampliar las interpretaciones sobre la masculinización del sujeto indígena, esto al realizar un abordaje relacional entre género y etnia, categorías primarias en la construcción social y subjetiva de las masculinidades.
Método: Se elabora un ejercicio hermenéutico desde el enfoque de género, para ahondar en el acto interpretativo sobre la comprensión de las masculinidades indígenas como una construcción social, histórica y compleja. Se hace énfasis en la historicidad para tener una aproximación situada que permita explicar que la construcción genérica del sujeto tiene reminiscencia de la historia que se manifiesta en el presente.
Resultados: Se destaca que el estudio de las masculinidades indígenas requiere de un diálogo con otras propuestas teóricas para ampliar su comprensión. Dentro de estas se encuentran, por ejemplo, el feminismo decolonial o la interseccionalidad, para tener una aproximación situada del fenómeno de la masculinidad.
[Continúe leyendo en el artículo]
Interpretasi Semiotika Loyalitas Suami Isteri Dalam Q.S. Al-Lahab
Authors: Jendri Jendri , Kalsum Ummi 
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to describe (tell) about the loyalty of husband and wife contained in the letter al-Lahab using the semiotic approach introduced by Roland Barthes. This study uses amethodology (library researchlibrary research), and is qualitative in nature, because data collection is obtained using textual analysis contained in the letter al-Lahab. As for the results of this study are the first in the first level heuristic study contained in QS. al-Lahab verses 1-5 are of moral significance, namely the loyalty of sumai and wife. The two retroactive readings in Surat al-Lahab are about ugliness so that they lead to loss, humiliation and destruction. The third then the philosophical values are found to be the most important lessons in the interpretation of QS. al-Lahab, it is the wife's loyalty and devotion to her husband and also the husband's loyalty to his wife. But it exemplifies partner loyalty on the downside. That's why QS content. al Lahab condemns both.
How gambling motives are associated with socio-demographics and gambling behavior - A Finnish population study
Authors: Hagfors Heli , Castrén Sari , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThe aims were to examine how socio-demographics and gambling behavior relate to both primary and additional gambling motives, and whether the gambling motives change during a one-year-period.MethodsThe Finnish Gambling Harms Survey data was used. Gambling motives were measured with a categorical question. Gambling severity was measured using the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measure (PPGM). Using the first-wave data including only past-year gamblers (n =5,684), five logistic regression models were utilized to explore the associations of gambling motives with socio-demographics and gambling behavior. The stability of gambling motives was assessed with McNemar’s test using longitudinal data (n= 2,078).ResultsGambling for positive feeling was associated with younger age, high income, high gambling involvement and at-risk gambling. Monetary motive was associated with female gender, high gambling involvement, online or mixed-mode and at-risk gambling. Supporting worthy causes was associated with older age, monthly and weekly gambling, and land-based gambling. Socializing was associated with younger age and gambling occasionally on land-based venues with multiple game types. Finally, the motive to escape was intensified among 25–34-year-olds, homemakers, and those with high gambling involvement and at-risk or problem gambling. Gambling motives remained relatively stable for one year.Discussion and conclusionsGender and age profiles varied in different motives. Positive feeling, socializing and escape motive was heightened among younger respondents while supporting worthy causes was heightened among the oldest. Women gambled for money more often than men. Escape motive was associated with problem gambling. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the longitudinal results.
DAERAH PENANGKAPAN JULUNG JULUNG (Hemiramphus sp) DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SULA DENGAN ALAT TANGKAP MINI PURSE SEINE
Authors: Djalaludin Kemhay , Sarianto Deni , Kadi Istraianto 
Published: March 2022

Perairan Kepulauan Sula telah lama menjadi pusat penangkapan julung-julung (Hemiramphus sp). Dalam melakukan penangkapan ikan julung-julung nelayan Kepulauan Sula menggunakan alat tangkap mini purse seine. Penentuan daerah penangkapan ikan (Fishing ground) dilakukan nelayan dengan melihat tanda-tanda alam seperti burung yang terbang diatas permukaan air, buih-buih air laut, dan kayu yang hanyut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil tangkapan julung-julung di perairan Kepulauan Sula, dan sebaran daerah penangkapan ikan julung-julung dengan ala tmini purse seine di perairan Kepulauan Sula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil tangkapan julung-julung di perairan sula memiliki hasil tangkapan tertinggi terdapat pada bulan Maret sebesar 6,6 ton sedangkan hasil tangkapan terendah terjadi pada bulan April sebesar 5,1 ton. Hasil tangkapan sampingan yang sering tertangkap dengan alat tangkap mini purse seine adalah kuweh, layang, lemuru, dan selar. Daerah penangkapan julung-julung di perairan Kepulauan Sula yang paling potensial terdapat di Teluk Pas Ipa dan perairan Sanana.