bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Temperature on Starch Molecular Conformation and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Zhiguang Chen , Junrong Huang , Huayin Pu , Keipper Wade 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStarch is an important resource in nature and heating is a frequently used processing method. In the process of starch processing, the changes of starch molecular conformation play a decisive role on starch physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, hydrogen bond is an important interaction force for maintaining starch structure. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulation is used to explore the effects of temperature on starch molecular conformation and hydrogen bonds. The results show that, firstly, heating can unwind the double‐amylose helix and improve the bending degree of starch molecules, indicating that heating treatment is destructive to the crystalline region. Secondly, starch molecules will become more unstable with the increase of temperature, which may be the key factor of heating induced starch gelatinization starch. Thirdly, heating will increase the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and decrease the starch‐water hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond distributions in starch molecules are also clarified. The results can be complementary to the existing experimental phenomena about the effects of temperature on starch properties, and provide a reference for the fully explanation of the effects mechanism of heating on starch. Meanwhile, the results can also provide a reference for the using of heating in starch processing and the research of starch granule structure.
A limit state design approach for hybrid reinforced concrete column‐supported flat slabs
Authors: Aidarov Stanislav , Tošić Nikola , de la Fuente Albert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHybrid reinforced technology (combination of steel reinforcing bars and fibers) can be considered as a competitive alternative to the already existing solutions for the construction of column‐supported flat slabs. Constructed hybrid‐reinforced buildings prove that hybrid solutions have sufficient bearing capacity to maintain structural integrity despite being exposed to high stress levels, thereby providing a beneficial solution in terms of toughness, ductility, and sustainability performance. However, the lack of design‐oriented recommendations based on the accepted limit state format for dealing with both serviceability and ultimate limit states slows down the wider implementation of this technology. Considering the above‐mentioned, this article presents a simplified design‐oriented method that covers the evaluation of the structural response of hybrid reinforced concrete column‐supported flat slabs in terms of flexural strength, cracking, and instantaneous deformations. Two hybrid reinforced alternatives for a given flat slab are studied by means of the proposed approach. Furthermore, a nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed simplified method. Based on the achieved results, its suitable accuracy and precision can be pointed out. This outcome may motivate current practitioners to consider hybrid reinforced concrete solutions as a possible alternative during the design of residential and office buildings.
Leading instructional improvement in elementary science: State science coordinators' sense‐making about the Next Generation Science Standards
Authors: Haverly Christa , Lyle Angela , Spillane James P. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Peurach Donald J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), a reform effort “for states, by states,” advances ambitious ideals for elementary science teaching, but the fate of these ideals will depend in part on the engagement of state science coordinators (SSCs). This article explores the responses ofSSCstoNGSSin a purposeful sample of 18USstates. Based on analysis of 19 interviews with 22SSCs, we develop two arguments. First,SSCs' ideas about improving elementary science education converged around three themes: the introduction of three‐dimensional science teaching and learning, the integration of engineering with science teaching, and the integration of science withELAand mathematics. Second,SSCs' sense‐making about reforming elementary science education was situated in and shaped by (a) their knowledge of how elementary science instruction has been and continues to be de‐prioritized, as well as their experiences (b) facilitating work groups in developing science standards using theFramework for K‐12 Science Education, and (c) participating in professional networks.
Shedding and extensive and prolonged environmental contamination of goat farms of Q fever patients by Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Byeon Hyeon Seop , Nattan Stalin , Kim Jun Hyoung , Han Seong Tae , Chae Mun Hui , Han Mi Na , Ahn Byeongwoo , Kim Yong‐Dae , Kim Hee‐Sung , Jeong Hye Won 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA majority (>70%) of Q fever patients in South Korea do not have a history of animal contact. Therefore, unconscious environmental exposure is suspected. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure of Q fever patients to environmental contamination and animal shedding.MethodsTwo goat farmers were enrolled. One was diagnosed with Q fever 3 years ago (Farm 1). Among 20 goats on Farm 1, five were tested randomly and found to be Q fever PCR‐positive. Three of the five were Q fever ELISA‐positive. Two of five environmental samples taken in 2015 were PCR‐positive. In 2018, 17 of 18 environmental samples were PCR‐positive. On Farm 2, 54 of the 77 goats were PCR‐positive, and 63 were ELISA‐positive. Twelve of 14 environmental samples were PCR‐positive. Repeat administration of oxytetracycline to goats led to a gradual reduction in PCR‐positive tests over a 5‐month period. However, PCR‐positivity of the farm environment persisted for 5 months.ConclusionThe environment on farms owned by Q fever patients was contaminated extensively and persistently, even after antibiotic treatment of goats and environmental decontamination. Undetected environmental contamination can be a major source of sporadic Q fever infection in South Korea.
Non‐invasive physical plasma (NIPP) treatment of a hedgehog with head injury: A novel therapy in veterinary medicine
Authors: Nitsch Andreas , Napiletzki Katja , Stope Matthias B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐invasive physical plasma, known to have antimicrobial, immunostimulatory and epithelialising effects, has been successfully applied in this case to improve wound healing of an injured hedgehog. A European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) with a head wound of approximately 1 cm2 was treated with non‐invasive physical plasma in addition to standard wound therapy. Non‐invasive physical plasma treatment of the wound in addition to the usual wound care resulted in wound closure after 11 days. Compared to previously treated hedgehogs with similar injury patterns but without non‐invasive physical plasma application, the application of non‐invasive physical plasma appears to accelerate wound healing. The application of non‐invasive physical plasma to treat wounds of hedgehogs offers accelerated wound healing compared to conventional wound care. This novel therapeutic option may be transferable to wound care in veterinary medicine in general.
The birth of cardiac disease: Mechanisms linking gestational diabetes mellitus and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring
Authors: Tocantins Carolina , Diniz Mariana S. , Grilo Luís F. , Pereira Susana P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest killer worldwide, composing a major economic burden for health care systems. Obesity and diabetes are dual epidemics on the rise and major risk factors predisposing for CVD. Increased obesity‐ and diabetes‐related incidence is now observed among children, adolescents, and young adults. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic pregnancy disorder, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. During pregnancies complicated by GDM, the offspring are exposed to a compromised intrauterine environment characterized by hyperglycemic periods. Unfavorable in utero conditions at critical periods of fetal cardiac development can produce developmental adaptations that remodel the cardiovascular system in a way that can contribute to adult‐onset of heart disease due to the programming during fetal life. Epidemiological studies have reported increased cardiovascular complications among GDM‐descendants, highlighting the urgent need to investigate and understand the mechanisms modulated during fetal development of in utero GDM‐exposed offspring that predispose an individual to increased CVD during life. In this manuscript, we overview previous studies in this area and gather evidence linking GDM and CVD development in the offspring, providing new insights on novel mechanisms contributing to offspring CVD programming by GDM, from the role of maternal–fetal interactions to their impact on fetal cardiovascular development, how the perpetuation of cardiac programming is maintained in postnatal life, and advance the intergenerational implications contributing to increased CVD premature origin. Understanding the perpetuation of CVD can be the first step to manage and reverse this leading cause of morbidity and mortality.This article is categorized under:
Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Metabolic Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Extreme Citizen Science Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges and Opportunities for a Human-Centred Design Approach
Authors: Skarlatidou Artemis , Fraisl Dilek , Wu Yaqian , See Linda , Haklay Muki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCitizen science has been recognized for its potential to contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals in multiple ways (e.g., for defining and monitoring indicators, data production, etc.). In this paper, we focus on Extreme Citizen Science, which includes a set of situated, bottom-up practices, used for environmental monitoring purposes and for recording local indigenous knowledge, mainly in the Global South. Here we present and discuss the human-centered approach that the implementation of extreme citizen science requires, and we identify and discuss the challenges that we face as well as the opportunities that extreme citizen science initiatives can create for contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Affine Yangian of $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$(2) and integrable structures of superconformal field theory
Authors: Chistyakova Elizaveta , Litvinov Alexey , Orlov Pavel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to study of integrable structures in superconformal field theory and more general coset CFT’s related to the affine Yangian Y($$ \hat{\mathfrak{gl}} $$

gl
̂

(2)). We derive the relation between the RLL and current realizations and prove Bethe anzatz equations for the spectrum of Integrals of Motion.
Gravitational waves from global cosmic strings and cosmic archaeology
Authors: Chang Chia-Feng , Cui Yanou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Global cosmic strings are predicted in many motivated extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics, with close connections to axion dark matter physics. Recent studies suggest that, although subdominant relative to Goldstone emission, gravitational wave (GW) signals from global strings can be detectable with current and planned GW detectors such as LIGO, LISA, DECIGO/BBO, ET/CE and AEDGE/AION, as well as pulsar timing arrays such as PPTA, NANOGrav and SKA. This work is an extensive, updated study on GWs from a global cosmic string network, taking into account of the most recent developments related to the subject. The main analysis is based on the analytical Velocity-dependent One-Scale (VOS) model calibrated with recent simulation results, which provides a generic protocol for such calculations with details given. We also demonstrate how the GW signal can be influenced with variations to the baseline model: this includes considering the uncertainties of model parameters and the potential deviation from the conventional VOS model prediction (i.e. the scaling behavior) as suggested by some of the recent simulation results. Furthermore, we investigated in detail the effect of a non-standard cosmology (e.g. early matter domination or kination) or new particle species on the GW signals from global strings. We demonstrate that the frequency spectrum of GW background from global cosmic strings can be used to probe the cosmic history prior to the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) (i.e. the primordial dark age) up to a temperature of T ∼ 108 GeV.
Controlling absence seizures from the cerebellar nuclei via activation of the Gq signaling pathway
Authors: Schwitalla Jan Claudius , Pakusch Johanna , Mücher Brix , Brückner Alexander , Depke Dominic Alexej , Fenzl Thomas , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Kros Lieke , Hoebeek Freek E. , Mark Melanie D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbsence seizures (ASs) are characterized by pathological electrographic oscillations in the cerebral cortex and thalamus, which are called spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs). Subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum, may well contribute to the emergence of ASs, but the cellular and molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. Here we show that the genetic ablation of P/Q-type calcium channels in cerebellar granule cells (quirky) or Purkinje cells (purky) leads to recurrent SWDs with the purky model showing the more severe phenotype. The quirky mouse model showed irregular action potential firing of their cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons as well as rhythmic firing during the wave of their SWDs. The purky model also showed irregular CN firing, in addition to a reduced firing rate and rhythmicity during the spike of the SWDs. In both models, the incidence of SWDs could be decreased by increasing CN activity via activation of the Gq-coupled designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) or via that of the Gq-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. In contrast, the incidence of SWDs was increased by decreasing CN activity via activation of the inhibitory Gi/o-coupled DREADD. Finally, disrupting CN rhythmic firing with a closed-loop channelrhodopsin-2 stimulation protocol confirmed that ongoing SWDs can be ceased by activating CN neurons. Together, our data highlight that P/Q-type calcium channels in cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells can be relevant for epileptogenesis, that Gq-coupled activation of CN neurons can exert anti-epileptic effects and that precisely timed activation of the CN can be used to stop ongoing SWDs.
Global Wellposedness of the Primitive Equations with Nonlinear Equation of State in Critical Spaces
Authors: Binz Tim , Hieber Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the primitive equations with nonlinear equations of state. A global, strong well-posedness result for this set of equations is established for initial data lying in critical spaces provided that the density, depending on temperature, salinity and pressure, satisfies certain regularity assumptions. These assumptions are in particular satisfied for the TEOS-80 formulation of the equation of state.
Biomechanical analysis of fixation methods in acetabular fractures: a systematic review of test setups
Authors: Hinz Nico , Dehoust Julius , Münch Matthias , Seide Klaus , Barth Tobias , Schulz Arndt-Peter , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Hartel Maximilian J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Optimal anatomical reduction and stable fixation of acetabular fractures are important in avoiding secondary dislocation and osteoarthritis. Biomechanical studies of treatment options of acetabular fractures aim to evaluate the biomechanical properties of different fixation methods. As the setup of the biomechanical test can influence the experimental results, this review aimed to analyze the characteristics, comparability and clinical implications of studies on biomechanical test setups and finite element analyses in the fixation of acetabular fractures.

Methods
A systematic literature research was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. 44 studies conducting biomechanical analyses of fixation of acetabular fractures were identified, which met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and which were published in English between 2000 and April 16, 2021. The studies were analyzed with respect to distinct parameters, including fracture type, material of pelvis model, investigated fixation construct, loading direction, loading protocol, maximum loading force, outcome parameter and measurement method.

Results
In summary, there was no standardized test setup within the studies on fixation constructs for acetabular fractures. It is therefore difficult to compare the studies directly, as they employ a variety of different test parameters. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the biomechanical studies should be scrutinized, since several test parameters were not based on observations of the human physiology.

Conclusion
The limited comparability and restricted clinical implications should be kept in mind when interpreting the results of biomechanical studies and when designing test setups to evaluate fixation methods for acetabular fractures.
Understanding hip pathology in ballet dancers
Authors: Singh Yash , Pettit Matthew , El-Hakeem Osama , Elwood Rachel , Norrish Alan , Audenaert Emmanuel , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe literature on hip injuries in ballet dancers was systematically evaluated to answer (1) whether the prevalence of morphological abnormalities and pathology of hip injuries in dancers differs from the general population (2) if there are any specific risk factors which contribute to a higher rate of hip injury and (3) what are the outcomes of primary and secondary intervention strategies.MethodsA systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was undertaken for all literature relating to hip injuries in ballet dancers using the PRISMA guidelines. Reference lists were also searched for relevant literature. Clinical outcome studies, prospective/retrospective case series published between 1989 and October 2021 were included. Review articles (non-original data), case reports, studies on animals as well as book chapters were excluded.ResultsThe search yielded 445 studies, of which 35 were included for final analyses after screening. This included 1655 participants, of which 1131 were females. The analyses revealed that damage at the chondrolabral junction and degenerative disease of the hip may develop at a higher rate in ballet dancers than in the general population (odds ratio > 1 in 15/18 cohorts). The intra-articular lesions were more frequently found in postero-superior region of the hip suggesting an alternative impingement mechanism. Furthermore, numerous risk factors specific for hip injury in ballet were highlighted amidst a wide body of literature which consistently reports risk factors for a more generic ‘dancer vulnerability’.ConclusionBallet dancers may suffer from both higher rates of chondrolabral damage and degenerative disease in their hips. In contrast to other sports, the intra-articular lesions are more frequently found in postero-superior region of the hip. Future research clarifying the prevalence of osseous abnormalities and prevention strategies in dancers may be pivotal in delaying the development of hip disease in this cohort.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
An approach for mixture testing and prioritization based on common kinetic groups
Authors: Braeuning Albert , Bloch Denise , Karaca Mawien , Kneuer Carsten , Rotter Stefanie , Tralau Tewes , Marx-Stoelting Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn light of an ever-increasing exposure to chemicals, the topic of potential mixture toxicity has gained increased attention, particularly as the toxicological toolbox to address such questions has vastly improved. Routinely toxicological risk assessments will rely on the analysis of individual compounds with mixture effects being considered only in those specific cases where co-exposure is foreseeable, for example for pesticides or food contact materials. In the field of pesticides, active substances are summarized in so-called cumulative assessment groups (CAG) which are primarily based on their toxicodynamic properties, that is, respective target organs and mode of action (MoA). In this context, compounds causing toxicity by a similar MoA are assumed to follow a model of dose/concentration addition (DACA). However, the respective approach inherently falls short of addressing cases where there are dissimilar or independent MoAs resulting in wider toxicokinetic effects. Yet, the latter are often the underlying cause when effects deviate from the DACA model. In the present manuscript, we therefore suggest additionally to consider toxicokinetic effects (especially related to xenobiotic metabolism and transporter interaction) for the grouping of substances to predict mixture toxicity. In line with the concept of MoA-based CAGs, we propose common kinetics groups (CKGs) as an additional tool for grouping of chemicals and mixture prioritization. Fundamentals of the CKG concept are discussed, along with challenges for its implementation, and methodological approaches and examples are explored.
Topological Noetherianity of polynomial functors II: base rings with Noetherian spectrum
Authors: Bik Arthur , Danelon Alessandro , Draisma Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a previous paper, the third author proved that finite-degree polynomial functors over infinite fields are topologically Noetherian. In this paper, we prove that the same holds for polynomial functors from free R-modules to finitely generated R-modules, for any commutative ring R whose spectrum is Noetherian. As Erman–Sam–Snowden pointed out, when applying this with $$R={{\,\mathrm{{\mathbb Z}}\,}}$$

R
=

Z

to direct sums of symmetric powers, one of their proofs of a conjecture by Stillman becomes characteristic-independent. Our paper advertises and further develops the beautiful but not so well-known machinery of polynomial laws. In particular, to any finitely generated R-module M we associate a topological space, which we show is Noetherian when $${{\,\mathrm{Spec}\,}}(R)$$

Spec

(
R
)

is; this is the degree-zero case of our result on polynomial functors.
Texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation of commercially available gluten-free bread samples
Authors: Tóth Marcell , Kaszab Tímea , Meretei Anikó 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe need for better quality gluten-free (GF) bread is constantly growing. This can be ascribed to the rising incidence of celiac disease or other gluten-associated allergies and the widespread incorrect public belief, that GF diet is healthier. Although there is a remarkable scientific interest shown to this topic, among the numerous studies only a few deals with commercially available products. The gap between research and commercial reality is already identified and communicated from a nutritional point of view, but up to date texture studies of commercial GF breads are underrepresented. In this study, 9 commercially available GF bread were compared to their wheat-based counterparts from texture and sensory viewpoints. Results showed that among GF loaves products, some performed significantly better at hardness and springiness attributes during the 4-day-long storage test compared to the wheat-based products. Two of GF cob breads performed significantly better or on the same level as the wheat-based cob regarding to hardness and cohesiveness during 3 days. Among sensorial properties mouth-feel, softness and smell were evaluated as significantly better or similarly for some GF versus wheat-based products. Two GF bread had more salty taste which reduced the flavor experience. Both the texture and sensory data of the storage test indicate that the quality of some GF bread products has significantly improved in the recent years; they stayed comparable with their wheat-based counterparts even for a 4-day-long storage period.