bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels
Authors: Ji Donghwan , Park Jae Min , Oh Myeong Seon , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Shin Hyunsu , Kim Jae Seong , Kim Dukjoon , Park Ho Seok , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor the practical use of synthetic hydrogels as artificial biological tissues, flexible electronics, and conductive membranes, achieving requirements for specific mechanical properties is one of the most prominent issues. Here, we demonstrate superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels with densely interconnecting networks implemented via simple reconstructing processes, consisting of anisotropic densification of pre-gel and a subsequent ionic crosslinking with rehydration. The reconstructed hydrogel exhibits broad ranges of exceptional tensile strengths (8–57 MPa) and elastic moduli (94–1,290 MPa) depending on crosslinking ions. This hydrogel can hold sufficient cations (e.g., Li+) within its gel matrix without compromising the mechanical performance and exhibits high ionic conductivity enough to be utilized as a gel electrolyte membrane. Further, this strategy can be applied to prepare mechanically outstanding, ionic-/electrical-conductive hydrogels by incorporating conducting polymer within the hydrogel matrix. Such hydrogels are easily laminated with strong interfacial adhesion by superficial de- and re-crosslinking processes, and the resulting layered hydrogel can act as a stable gel electrolyte membrane for an aqueous supercapacitor.
Two dimensional Airy beam soliton
Authors: Bouchet Thomas , Marsal Nicolas , Sciamanna Marc , Wolfersberger Delphine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate the formation of a two dimensional Airy beam soliton in a photorefractive crystal. By simply varying the nonlinearity strength we identify several scenarios showing the coexistence between an Airy beam and the emerging soliton. The soliton output profile behaves according to the theoretical soliton existence curve and can be tailored by the nonlinearity strength even without modifying the input Airy beam shape. This last feature makes this Airy soliton distinct from the Gaussian beam generated photorefractive soliton.
Inducing metamorphosis in the irukandji jellyfish Carukia barnesi
Authors: O’Hara E. , Seymour J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere we utilize chemical ecology as a tool to manipulate the biological system of a small, but highly venomous to humans, cubozoan jellyfish, Carukia barnesi. We trialled a range of chemical reagents including indole compounds, 9-cis-retinoic acid and lugols solution to induce metamorphosis between the polyp and medusa life stages. An optimum method was determined resulting in a 90% metamorphosis rate to healthy medusa by exposing the polyps to 1 μM of 5-methoxy-2-methylindole for 24 h. Of note is that chemical exposure time significantly impacts health and metamorphosis rates in this species. We also present a theoretical mechanism for the chemical/biological interactions occurring during metamorphosis. This is a significant methodological advancement which now enables rearing of this animal en mass in aquaria—a world first for this species—which will subsequently supply and facilitate venom research into this understudied jellyfish.
Salivary immunity of elite collegiate American football players infected with SARS-CoV-2 normalizes following isolation
Authors: Granger Joshua , Cho Eunhan , Lindsey Kevin , Lemoine Nathan , Calvert Derek , Marucci Jack , Mullenix Shelly , O’Neal Hollis , Irving Brian A. , Johannsen Neil , Spielmann Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe impact of COVID-19 on systemic immunity in the general population has been well characterized, however the short-term effects of COVID-19 infection on innate salivary immunity in elite-level athletes are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether elite college football athletes had altered salivary immunity following the CDC-recommended isolation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Salivary samples were obtained from fourteen elite football players who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 14), immediately after CDC-recommended isolation (average days = 14 ± 2 days) and fifteen controls who remained uninfected with SARS-CoV-2. Biomarkers of innate salivary immunity (sIgA and alpha-amylase), antimicrobial proteins (AMPs, i.e., HNP1-3, lactoferrin, LL-37) and lung inflammation (SPA, SPLI, and Neutrophil Elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex) were measured. Independent student t-tests were used to determine changes in biomarkers between groups. Although all AMP levels were within normal range, Human Neutrophil Defensin 1–3 concentrations and secretion rates were higher in SARS-CoV-2+ compared to SARS-CoV-2–. This suggests that the CDC-recommended isolation period is sufficient to ensure that athletes’ salivary immunity is not compromised upon return to sports, and athletes post-COVID-19 infection do not appear to be at greater risk for secondary infection than those with no history of COVID-19.
AutoML-ID: automated machine learning model for intrusion detection using wireless sensor network
Authors: Singh Abhilash , Amutha J. , Nagar Jaiprakash , Sharma Sandeep , Lee Cheng-Chi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMomentous increase in the popularity of explainable machine learning models coupled with the dramatic increase in the use of synthetic data facilitates us to develop a cost-efficient machine learning model for fast intrusion detection and prevention at frontier areas using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The performance of any explainable machine learning model is driven by its hyperparameters. Several approaches have been developed and implemented successfully for optimising or tuning these hyperparameters for skillful predictions. However, the major drawback of these techniques, including the manual selection of the optimal hyperparameters, is that they depend highly on the problem and demand application-specific expertise. In this paper, we introduced Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) model to automatically select the machine learning model (among support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, binary decision tree, bagging ensemble learning, boosting ensemble learning, kernel regression, and linear regression model) and to automate the hyperparameters optimisation for accurate prediction of numbers of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention using Bayesian optimisation. To do so, we extracted four synthetic predictors, namely, area of the region, sensing range of the sensor, transmission range of the sensor, and the number of sensors using Monte Carlo simulation. We used 80% of the datasets to train the models and the remaining 20% for testing the performance of the trained model. We found that the Gaussian process regression performs prodigiously and outperforms all the other considered explainable machine learning models with correlation coefficient (R = 1), root mean square error (RMSE = 0.007), and bias = − 0.006. Further, we also tested the AutoML performance on a publicly available intrusion dataset, and we observed a similar performance. This study will help the researchers accurately predict the required number of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention.
A unity‐gain approach to a simple FDNR‐based chaotic jerk oscillator
Authors: Chuayphan Natthorn , Srisuchinwong Banlue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA unity‐gain approach is proposed for a simple chaotic jerk oscillator based on frequency‐dependent negative resistance. Both unity‐gain and frequency‐dependent negative resistance techniques are demonstrated together, for the first time, for a simple chaotic jerk circuit. The oscillator is attractive due to the use of a grounded diode and circuit simplicity of only seven electronic components, only one of which is an active device. The simplicity results in fewer components of both active and passive devices compared to existing frequency‐dependent negative resistance‐based chaotic circuits. The maximised value of the largest Lyapunov exponent is relatively high at 14.62.
Mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm long AC cable integration
Authors: Jin Yanqiu , Xu Zheng , Li Sixun , Zhang Zheren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high voltage alternating current transmission with submarine cables is the common scheme to integrate offshore wind farms close to the land. Due to the capacitive effect of AC cables, the association of the long AC cables and the onshore grid can cause resonances, which may amplify grid background harmonics. This paper focuses on the mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm integration. First, the background harmonic amplification mechanism in the offshore wind farm integration system is analysed qualitatively, and the mitigation approaches are given in principle. Then, taking a practical project as a study case, the harmonic modelling methods of the offshore grid and the onshore grid are elaborated, including the harmonic models of wind turbines, transformers, cables, the high voltage and the extra‐high voltage transmission grid, and the low voltage distribution network. According to the established harmonic models, the cause of background harmonic amplification is analysed. On this basis, two mitigation methods of installing the series blocking filter and the shunt filter are compared and the recommended mitigation scheme is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by calculation results under different grid operating conditions.
NIR spectroscopic survey of protostellar jets in the star-forming region IC 1396N
Authors: Massi F. , López R. , Beltrán M. T. , Estalella R. , Girart J. M. 
Published: May 2022

Context. The bright-rimmed cloud IC 1396N, associated with an intermediate-mass star-forming region, hosts a number of CO, molecular hydrogen, and Herbig-Haro (HHs) outflows powered by a set of millimetre compact sources.
Aims. The aim of this work is to characterise the kinematics and physical conditions of the H2 emission features spread throughout the IC 1396N region. The features appear as chains of knots with a jet-like morphology and trace different H2 outflows. We also obtain further information about (and an identification of) the driving sources.
Methods. Low-resolution, long-slit near-infrared spectra were acquired with the NICS camera at the TNG telescope, using grisms KB (R ~ 1200), HK, and JH (R ~ 500). Several slit pointings and position angles were used throughout the IC 1396N region in order to sample a number of the H2 knots that were previously detected in deep H2 2.12 μm images.
Results. The knots exhibit rich ro–vibrational spectra of H2, consistent with shock-excited excitation, from which radial velocities and relevant physical conditions of the IC 1396N H2 outflows were derived. These also allowed estimating extinction ranges towards several features. [Fe ii] emission was only detected towards a few knots that also display unusually high H2 1–0 S(3)/S(1) flux ratios. The obtained radial velocities confirm that most of the outflows are close to the plane of the sky. Nearby knots in the same chain often display different radial velocities, both blue–shifted and red–shifted, which we interpret as due to ubiquitous jet precession in the driving sources or the development of oblique shocks. One of the chains (strand A, i.e. knots A1 to A15) appears as a set of features trailing a leading bow-shock structure consistent with the results of 3D magneto-hydrodynamical models. The sides of the leading bow shock (A15) exhibit different radial velocities. We discuss possible explanations. Our data cannot confirm whether strands A and B have both originated in the intermediate mass young stellar object [BGE2002] BIMA 2 because a simple model of a precessing jet cannot account for their locations.
Conclusions. Near-infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that most of the H2 ro-vibrational emission in IC 1396N is shock-excited rather than uv-excited in photon-dominated regions. It has shown a complex kinematical structure in most strands of emitting knots as well.
Restrained double Roman domination of a graph
Authors: Mojdeh Doost Ali , Masoumi Iman , Volkmann Lutz 
Published: May 2022

For a graph G = (V, E), a restrained double Roman dominating function is a function f : V → {0, 1, 2, 3} having the property that if f(v) = 0, then the vertex v must have at least two neighbors assigned 2 under f or one neighbor w with f(w) = 3, and if f(v) = 1, then the vertex v must have at least one neighbor w with f(w) ≥ 2, and at the same time, the subgraph G[V0] which includes vertices with zero labels has no isolated vertex. The weight of a restrained double Roman dominating function f is the sum f(V) = ∑v∈V f(v), and the minimum weight of a restrained double Roman dominating function on G is the restrained double Roman domination number of G. We initiate the study of restrained double Roman domination with proving that the problem of computing this parameter is NP-hard. Then we present an upper bound on the restrained double Roman domination number of a connected graph G in terms of the order of G and characterize the graphs attaining this bound. We study the restrained double Roman domination versus the restrained Roman domination. Finally, we investigate the bounds for the restrained double Roman domination of trees and determine trees T attaining the exhibited bounds.
Die DRG-Systematik der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Beyer Joachim , Römer Andreas , Hammerich Ralf , Reißhauer Anett 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Fachübergreifende
Frührehabilitation (FR) ist die Anwendung einer intensiven
rehabilitativen Intervention noch während der akutmedizinischen
Behandlung im Krankenhaus. Nach der Einführung des Komplexkodes im Jahr
2005, dessen Mindestmerkmale im Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel
detailliert festgelegt sind (OPS 8–559.-), stehen im DRG-System siebzehn
separate Fallpauschalen zur Verfügung. Im DRG-Grouping zeigt sich jedoch
eine sehr unterschiedliche Auswirkung im Kontext der auslösenden
Behandlungsaspekte. Ziel war die Darstellung der DRG-Systematik zur
fachübergreifenden Frührehabilitation und einer Umfrage zu
Strukturmerkmalen unter bundesdeutschen Kliniken mit einer Abteilung für
eine fachübergreifende Frührehabilitation.
Methoden Die DRG-Systematik bei Anwendung der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation wurde exemplarisch dargestellt. Eine anonymisierte
Umfrage zu Strukturmerkmalen und Kennzahlen zur DRG-Systematik wurde unter
Kliniken mit entsprechender Fachabteilung durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die DRG-Systematik unterscheidet in 2018 einerseits
„klassische“ Fallpauschalen mit einem identischen Casemix
zwischen unterer und oberer Grenzverweildauer und andererseits
krankenhausindividuelle Entgelte für DRGs, die nicht mit einem Casemix
in einer Fallpauschale vergütet werden. Unter den Fallpauschalen nehmen
die Prä-MDC eine Sonderstellung ein. Die Klinik- Befragung ergab, dass
die DRGs „Frührehabilitation bei Krankheiten und
Störungen an Muskel-Skelett-System und Bindegewebe“ ohne (I40Z)
und mit (I96Z) operativen Prozeduren die in 2018 am häufigsten
abgerechneten DRGs in diesen Kliniken sind. Eine Mehrheit (7 von 10) der
befragten Kliniken bietet zusätzlich noch eine
neurologisch-neurochirurgische oder geriatrische Frührehabilitation
an.
Diskussion Patient:innen mit entsprechendem Bedarf haben einen im
Sozialgesetz verankerten Anspruch auf Frührehabilitation noch im
Akutkrankenhaus. Warum wird dieser Anspruch und auch der Bedarf so wenig
konsequent umgesetzt? Sicher, die DRG-Systematik der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation ist komplex, gestaltet sich jedoch nach der hier
dargestellten Systematik gut kalkulierbar.
Entwicklung eines standardisierten Fragebogens für die präklinische Analgesie zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit nach Anwendung eines Analgesieverfahrens durch
Rettungsfachpersonal
Authors: Sander Henning , Matschuck Guido , Möckel Martin , Nübling Matthias , Gnirke André 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine erste Patientenbefragung in der Rettungsdienst-Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein (RKiSH) gGmbH zur Patientenzufriedenheit nach Analgesiebehandlung wurde in den
Jahren 2018 und 2019 durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Anwendungen des präklinischen Analgesiekonzepts durch Rettungsfachpersonal führte zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Medikation keinen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Patientenzufriedenheit hat. Die Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens und die allgemeine Nutzbarkeit stehen hier im Fokus.
Methode Die Befragungsergebnisse wurden in Faktorenanalysen und Reliabilitätsanalysen getestet und es wurde psychometrisch geprüft, ob und wie sich die einzelnen Qualitätsindikatoren
des ursprünglichen Fragebogens in übergeordnete Skalen/Dimensionen zusammenfassen lassen.
Ergebnisse 363 Patienten schickten einen gültigen Fragebogen anonym zurück (820 wurden angeschrieben, Rückläuferquote von 44,3%). Es wurden die Skalen Schmerzbehandlung,
Fachpersonal, Wartezeit und Verträglichkeit gebildet. Die nicht zuordnungsfähigen Einzelfragen wurden entfernt. Die soziodemografischen Daten sind hier dargestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Patientenzufriedenheit wurde mit einem psychometrisch geprüften Fragebogen ermittelt. Somit liegt nun ein weiterentwickelter Fragebogen vor, der mithilfe von
Faktorenanalysen und Reliabilitätsanalysen analysiert und psychometrisch geprüft wurde und auch in anderen Rettungsdienstbereichen eingesetzt werden kann.
Risk of Death at 1 Year Following Postpartum Opioid Exposure
Authors: Horn Arlyn , Adgent Margaret A. , Osmundson Sarah S. , Wiese Andrew D. , Phillips Sharon E. , Patrick Stephen W. , Griffin Marie R. , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: May 2022

Objective Opioids are commonly prescribed to women for acute pain following childbirth. Postpartum prescription opioid exposure is associated with adverse opioid-related morbidities but the association with all-cause mortality is not well studied. This study aimed to examine the association between postpartum opioid prescription fills and the 1-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with live births.
Methods In a retrospective cohort study of live births among women enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare) between 2007 and 2015, we compared women who filled two or more postpartum outpatient opioid prescriptions (up to 41 days of postdelivery discharge) to women who filled one or fewer opioid prescription. Women were followed from day 42 postdelivery discharge through 365 days of follow-up or date of death. Deaths were identified using linked death certificates (2007–2016). We used Cox's proportional hazard regression and inverse probability of treatment weights to compare time to death between exposure groups while adjusting for relevant confounders. We also examined effect modification by delivery route, race, opioid use disorder, use of benzodiazepines, and mental health condition diagnosis.
Results Among 264,135 eligible births, 216,762 (82.1%) had one or fewer maternal postpartum opioid fills and 47,373 (17.9%) had two or more fills. There were 182 deaths during follow-up. The mortality rate was higher in women with two or more fills (120.5 per 100,000 person-years) than in those with one or fewer (57.7 per 100,000 person-years). The risk of maternal death remained higher in participants exposed to two or more opioid fills after accounting for relevant covariates using inverse probability of treatment weighting (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.09]). Findings from stratified analyses were consistent with main findings.
Conclusion Filling two or more opioid prescriptions during the postpartum period was associated with a significant increase in 1-year risk of death among new mothers.
Key Points
Acidified Feedings in Preterm Infants: A Historical and Physiological Perspective
Authors: Barrett-Reis Bridget , Shakeel Fauzia , Dennis Laura , Baggs Geraldine , Masor Marc L. 
Published: May 2022

The use of acidified milk for feeding infants has a long, interesting history that appears to have developed from the use of buttermilk in Holland as early as the late 19th century for feeding infants with diarrhea. Physicians in the early 20th century assumed that the observed benefits were from buttermilk's acidity leading to the practice of acidifying infant formula. The historical and physiological perspective on the use of acidified infant formula is now especially relevant with the emergence of an acidified liquid human milk fortifier for preterm infants. Here, we review that history, with a deeper dive into the contemporary research on the use of acidified human milk fortifiers, the consequences for preterm infants, and the underlying physiological mechanisms.
Key Points
Genome-wide association identifies a missing hydrolase for tocopherol synthesis in plants
Authors: Albert Elise , Kim Sungsoo , Magallanes-Lundback Maria , Bao Yan , Deason Nicholas , Danilo Benoit , Wu Di , Li Xiaowei , Wood Joshua C. , Bornowski Nolan , Gore Michael A. , Buell C. Robin , DellaPenna Dean 
Published: May 2022

Significance

Tocopherols (vitamin E) are plant-synthesized, lipid-soluble antioxidants whose dietary intake, primarily from seed oils, is essential for human health. Tocopherols contain a phytol-derived hydrophobic tail whose in vivo source has been elusive. The most significant genome-wide association signal for
Arabidopsis
seed tocopherols identified an uncharacterized, seed-specific esterase (VTE7) localized to the chloroplast envelope, where tocopherol synthesis occurs.
VTE7
disruption and overexpression had large impacts on tissue tocopherol contents with metabolic phenotypes consistent with release of prenyl alcohols, including phytol, during chlorophyll synthesis, rather than from the bulk degradation of thylakoid chlorophylls as has long been assumed. Understanding the source of phytol for tocopherols will enable breeding and engineering plants for vitamin E biofortification and enhanced stress resilience.
Human pathogenic RNA viruses establish noncompeting lineages by occupying independent niches
Authors: Mutz Pascal , Rochman Nash D. , Wolf Yuri I. , Faure Guilhem , Zhang Feng , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceNumerous pathogenic viruses are endemic in humans and cause a broad variety of diseases, but what is their potential for causing new pandemics? We show that most human pathogenic RNA viruses form multiple, cocirculating lineages with low turnover rates. These lineages appear to be largely noncompeting and occupy distinct epidemiological niches that are not regionally or seasonally defined, and their persistence appears to stem from limited outbreaks in small communities so that only a small fraction of the global susceptible population is infected at any time. However, due to globalization, interaction and competition between lineages might increase, potentially leading to increased diversification and pathogenicity. Thus, endemic viruses appear to merit global attention with respect to the prevention of future pandemics.