bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meet, beat, and pollute
Authors: Thomas Jake , Yao Wentao , Zhang Frank , Zhu Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate two related questions about the trade-off between the short-term pressures on managers to meet earnings targets and the long-term environmental benefits of reduced pollution. Do firms release more toxins by cutting back on pollution abatement costs to boost earnings in years they meet earnings benchmarks? If so, is that relation weaker for firms with higher environmental ratings? Using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data on toxic emissions, we find that U.S. firms pollute more when they meet or just beat consensus earnings per share (EPS) forecasts, suggesting that meeting expectations is a more important goal than reducing pollution. We find this relation is stronger, not weaker, for firms with higher environmental ratings: they increase pollution even more when meeting earnings benchmarks than firms with lower ratings. This suggests that highly rated firms build regulatory and reputational slack over time and use it when needed to soften the negative impact of increased pollution. We contribute to the real earnings management and environmental economics literatures by documenting a negative externality of financial reporting incentives on the environment and society. We also contribute to the corporate sustainability literature by showing that an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) focus does not curb managerial short-termism.
Bakshi, Kapadia, and Madan (2003) risk-neutral moment estimators: A Gram–Charlier density approach
Authors: Aschakulporn Pakorn , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is a sequel to Aschakulporn and Zhang (J Futures Mark 42(3):365–388, 2022). The errors of the Bakshi et al. (Rev Financ Stud 16(1):101–143, 2003) risk-neutral moment estimators is studied using the Gram–Charlier density—with the skewness and excess kurtosis specified. To obtain skewness with (absolute) errors less than $$10^{-3}$$

10

-
3

, the range of strikes ($$K_{\min }, K_{\max }$$

K
min

,

K
max

) must contain at least 3/4 to 4/3 of the forward price and have a step size ($$\Delta K$$

Δ
K

) of no more than 0.1% of the forward price. The range of strikes and step size corresponds to truncation and discretization errors, respectively. This is consistent to Aschakulporn and Zhang (2022) for non-volatile market periods.
Local emergence, global expansion: understanding the structural evolution of a bi-lingual national research landscape
Authors: Milia Matias Federico , Giralt Ariadna Nebot , Arvanitis Rigas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch institutions organize their scientific activities in an increasingly diverse landscape. In matters of global interest, research relies on an ever-more cross-disciplinary background, which reveals intriguing questions concerning the local dynamics vs. global audiences. This paper proposes new methodological tools to assess, from a strategic perspective, the evolution of a given research landscape. It relies on the Global Research Institute of Paris’ recent experience, a new interdisciplinary Institute focusing on globalization topics beyond the usual economic meaning. The Institute leans on a broad and diverse set of research units of the Université de Paris and relates to the broad landscape of social sciences in France. This article charts the evolution of French authors’ scientific publications on the Institute’s thematic interests in French and English. It focuses on the structural features of the debate, namely the volume, the underlying historical semantic structure, and its main thematic domains. The paper offers significant evidence to understand knowledge circulation dynamics and links that non-speaking countries’ scientific literature builds with the English one.
Analysing academic paper ranking algorithms using test data and benchmarks: an investigation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Min , Saberi Morteza , Chang Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on academic paper ranking has received great attention in recent years, and many algorithms have been proposed to automatically assess a large number of papers for this purpose. How to evaluate or analyse the performance of these ranking algorithms becomes an open research question. Theoretically, evaluation of an algorithm requires to compare its ranking result against a ground truth paper list. However, such ground truth does not exist in the field of scholarly ranking due to the fact that there does not and will not exist an absolutely unbiased, objective, and unified standard to formulate the impact of papers. Therefore, in practice researchers evaluate or analyse their proposed ranking algorithms by different methods, such as using domain expert decisions (test data) and comparing against predefined ranking benchmarks. The question is whether using different methods leads to different analysis results, and if so, how should we analyse the performance of the ranking algorithms? To answer these questions, this study compares among test data and different citation-based benchmarks by examining their relationships and assessing the effect of the method choices on their analysis results. The results of our experiments show that there does exist difference in analysis results when employing test data and different benchmarks, and relying exclusively on one benchmark or test data may bring inadequate analysis results. In addition, a guideline on how to conduct a comprehensive analysis using multiple benchmarks from different perspectives is summarised, which can help provide a systematic understanding and profile of the analysed algorithms.
Ni-alginate hydrogel beads for establishing breakthrough curves of lead ions removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sami Nesreen M. , Elsayed A. A. , Ali M. M. S. , Metwally Sayed S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The scientific impact of this work is the protection of the environment from hazardous pollutants using a column technique. Besides its higher stability at working pH and its time persisting, Ni-alginate has a higher ability to remove lead ions compared to the other prepared beads (Sr-alginate, Co-alginate, and Ca-alginate). Also, Ni-alginate possessed a higher removal percent, 93.3%, toward Pb2+ than the other ions, taking the sorption order of Pb2+ > Sr2+ > Co2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+. Therefore, this study focused on using Ni-alginate as a selective sorbent for lead ions. Fixed-bed column was employed for the sorption process. The results for that efficiency are presented as breakthrough curves in view of the impact of various parameters; influent flow rate (1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mL/min), lead concentration (100, 150, and 200 mg/L), and bed depth of sorbent (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 cm). Breakthrough modeling including Thomas and Yan models was employed. The outcomes indicated that Thomas theory is more applicable. The overall outcomes indicated that Ni-alginate is recommended for selective removal of Pb2+ from waste solutions.
Accumulation patterns and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the topsoil of two sloping vineyards (Tokaj-Hegyalja, Hungary)
Authors: Pham Nhung Thi Ha , Babcsányi Izabella , Balling Péter , Farsang Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In agricultural soils, accumulation and bioavailability patterns of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are key ecological and health risk issues, especially in metal-based crop protection systems such as those applied in vineyards. However, PTE levels in the topsoils of historical wine-growing regions of Hungary have been scarcely studied so far. The specific goals of this research were to assess the accumulation tendencies and bioavailability of PTEs complemented with human health risk assessment in two sloping vineyards with pH-contrasted soils in Tokaj-Hegyalja, Hungary, and under different farming practices.

Methods
Composite topsoil (< 20 cm) and borehole samples were collected from two vineyards and local forests. The total and bioavailable PTE contents (Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu) were analyzed following digestion in aqua regia and extraction with a strong chelating agent (0.05 M Na2-EDTA). Enrichment factors (EFs) were calculated based on Fe as a reference element and the local uncultivated soil. The hazard indexes (HIs) for outdoor workers, children, and adults living in residential areas near the vineyards were calculated to assess the health risks associated with the target PTEs.

Results
Higher PTE contents were observed in the organic vineyard (near Tokaj) compared to the conventional one (near Tállya), except for Cu and Pb. The EFs confirmed that the duration of Cu-fungicide applications mainly determines the soil-bound Cu levels, with an average of 2.6 in the 28-year-old organic vineyard and 9.6 in the more than 100-year-old conventional vineyard. The PTEs predominantly accumulated at the top of the hillslope in Tállya, while in Tokaj, a general trend of downslope accumulation of PTEs can be noticed. Bioavailable Cu reached a maximum of 50% of total Cu at the top of the hillslope (Tállya) and positively correlated with soil organic matter content. Iron/Mn oxides, total Ca content, and soil pH show a significant correlation with the PTE total contents (other than Cu); meanwhile, their bioavailability is mainly influenced by Mn oxides. The calculated HIs are less than 1, indicating no elevated health risk. Total Cr is the major contributor to the HI in both vineyards, reaching 79.0% (Tokaj) and 49.7% (Tállya).

Conclusion
Overall, the accumulated Cu contents mainly depended on the vineyard age, while farming practices and terrain morphology play a minor role in its spatial distribution. The further accumulation of PTEs, especially in high-metal hotspots within the vineyards, may ultimately cause toxicity to re-planted grapevines, soil biota, and, in the longer term, farmers and residents.
Pumpkin seed proteins (Cucurbita pepo L.) protect against diet-induced metabolic syndrome by improving insulin resistance and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats
Authors: Abdelkader Chenni , Cherif Fatima Zohra Hamza , Elius Elif Ayse Erdogan , Lucchesi Daniela , Pucci Laura , Yahia Dalila Ait 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds are enriched in bioactive compounds having functional properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the pumpkin seed proteins (PSP) effects on insulin resistance, oxidative stress damage and inflammation in rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.Twenty four male Wistar rats, fed isoenergetic diets supplemented with: (1) 20% casein (C); (2) 20% casein and 1 g/kg/day PSP (P); (3) 20% casein and 64% D-fructose (C-HF); (4) 20% casein, 1 g/kg/day PSP and 64% D-fructose (P-HF). After 8 weeks of treatment, fructose supply impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, deteriorated glucose tolerance and tAUC, plasma glucose, insulin, insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, antioxidant status, lipid and protein oxidation, plasma TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to control diets. Interestingly, rats assigned to the PSPs diet with or without fructose displayed lower plasma glucose, insulin and fructose, improved tolerance of glucose, tAUC, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β and increased insulinogenic index as compared to C diets. PSPs consumption lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and carbonyls in WAT and carbonyls in muscle. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in WAT were significantly diminished in P-HF but increased in P as compared to C-HF and C. Rats fed P-HF diet had low catalase in WAT and high in muscle than those fed C-HF. Moreover, catalase activity increased in muscle but decreased in WAT in P group than in C group. In conclusion, pumpkin seed proteins exhibit favorable effects on metabolic disorders of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, suggesting a key role in disease therapy.
SpaceWire communications in power over ethernet environment
Authors: Martin Jack , Zaidi Yaseen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis is a high-level study into the validation of a unified electric power and communications architecture for modern spacecraft systems. We leverage from blending the European Cooperation for Space Standardisation (ECSS) SpaceWire and the IEEE 802.3 Power over Ethernet (PoE) standards for a common onboard power and communications interface. The focus of the work has been communication performance. The requirements from the protocols of both standards were analysed and combined to create a full protocol stack for SpaceWire PoE. The stack is implemented on an embedded platform represented as a proof-of-concept SpaceWire PoE system. The results of functional testing demonstrate SpaceWire PoE as a valid solution that meets the requirements of both protocols. For the 100 Mb/s links, the SpaceWire PoE throughput is on a par (97.39%) with Ethernet (97.52%) and SpaceWire (99.2%). Shared communication and power architecture is intended for decentralised operation achieving greater autonomy of the integrated subsystems. This potentially may lead to standardisation of electrical, mechanical and communication interfaces across spacecraft subsystem manufacturers, easing harness complexity and routing during the assembly, integration and test (AIT) phase of the spacecraft as well as saving mass and launch cost.
Facies and early diagenesis of rainwater-fed paleospring calcareous tufas in the Kurkur oasis area (southern Egypt)
Authors: Sallam Emad Samir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Quaternary calcareous tufas precipitated in the Kurkur Oasis area in the southern Western Desert of Egypt were analyzed to determine their implications for the construction of environmental conditions during their formation. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the tufas consist of low-Mg calcite, whereas macroscopic and microscopic analyses showed the presence of both allochthonous (clastic) and autochthonous components consisting predominantly of pisoliths, oncoids, intraclasts, lithoclasts, stromatolites and encrusted plant materials. These tufas form four facies associations that represent pisolitic intraclastic/lithoclastic oncoidal rudstones, phytohermal /bryophyte framestones, stromatolite-algal boundstones, and speleothem-like flowstones. These tufa associations were formed within a karstified carbonate terrain by a rainwater-fed paleospring system comprising waterfalls, slopes, dammed areas, lacustrines-paludal, and fluvial channel margin environments. Early diagenetic features are cementation, neomorphism and subaerial dissolution. Isotope-geochemical analysis indicated that the negative δ18O values (between – 13.26 and – 8.89‰ V-PDB) and the negative δ13C values (between – 3.16 and – 1.62‰ V-PDB) of the studied tufas are consistent with carbonates deposited from meteoric water in regions with much precipitation.
A Virtue-Based Framework to Support Putting AI Ethics into Practice
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany ethics initiatives have stipulated sets of principles and standards for good technology development in the AI sector. However, several AI ethics researchers have pointed out a lack of practical realization of these principles. Following that, AI ethics underwent a practical turn, but without deviating from the principled approach. This paper proposes a complementary to the principled approach that is based on virtue ethics. It defines four “basic AI virtues”, namely justice, honesty, responsibility and care, all of which represent specific motivational settings that constitute the very precondition for ethical decision making in the AI field. Moreover, it defines two “second-order AI virtues”, prudence and fortitude, that bolster achieving the basic virtues by helping with overcoming bounded ethicality or hidden psychological forces that can impair ethical decision making and that are hitherto disregarded in AI ethics. Lastly, the paper describes measures for successfully cultivating the mentioned virtues in organizations dealing with AI research and development.
The Impact of Air Pollution and Aeroallergens Levels on Upper Airway Acute Diseases at Urban Scale
Authors: Ottaviano Giancarlo , Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Marioni Gino , Crivellaro Maria Angiola , Scarpa Bruno , Nardello Ennio , Pavone Chiara , Trimarchi Maria Vittoria , Alexandre Enrico , Genovois Clervie , Moretto Angelo , Marani Marco , Andrews Peter James , Marchese-Ragona Rosario 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAir pollution (AP) represents one of the main environmental threats to public health and exposure to AP has been connected to upper airway (UA) disease. We evaluated the relationships between the ENT urgent referrals recorded at the Hospital of Padua and the daily levels of particulate matter (PM) as well as other environmental factors in a single year. Patients with UA disorders were included in the study group while those referred for facial trauma or foreign body inhalation formed the control group. Daily PM concentrations, meteorological data and the concentrations of the commonest aeroallergens were obtained. 6368 patients formed the study group and 910 the control one. The concentration of compositae allergens showed a positive effect on the total number of admissions (p = 0.001). PM10 did not demonstrate an effect on the total number of admissions or either the study or control groups admissions (p = 0.25). Alternaria positively influenced admissions of patients in the study group (p = 0.005). Significant relationships were found between the following: PM10 measured on the seventh day before A&E admission and rhinosinusitis (p = 0.007), PM10 on the fifth day and laryngitis (p = 0.01), PM10 on the second day and otitis media (p = 0.03), PM10 on the admission day and epistaxis (p = 0.0198). Our study confirms the causal relationship between aeroallergen concentration and ENT admissions. The levels of PM10 at specific days preceding A&E admission correlated with certain UA disorders. This study strongly points towards the harmful effects of pollution and climate change on UA disease.
Housing wealth, food spending, and diet quality: Evidence from panel data
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wrenn Douglas H. , Joshi Janak , Jaenicke Edward C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiet is important in determining positive health outcomes. Income constraints are often provided as an explanation for poor dietary choices made by households. We test this hypothesis by exploiting shocks to household budgets driven by changes in house prices. Using a comprehensive panel of household food purchases matched to house price data, we find that house prices have a positive impact on food expenditure, but no impact on diet quality. We also find that the total quantity of food purchased increases as budget constraints are relaxed suggesting that changes in quantity are the primary driver of the expenditure change. Finally, we demonstrate that the impact of budget constraints is larger for lower income and younger age households.
The 8-rank of the narrow class group and the negative Pell equation
Authors: Chan Stephanie , Koymans Peter , Milovic Djordjo , Pagano Carlo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using a recent breakthrough of Smith [18], we improve the results of Fouvry and Klüners [4, 5] on the solubility of the negative Pell equation. Let

$\mathcal {D}$

denote the set of positive squarefree integers having no prime factors congruent to

$3$

modulo

$4$

. Stevenhagen [19] conjectured that the density of d in

$\mathcal {D}$

such that the negative Pell equation

$x^2-dy^2=-1$

is solvable with

$x, y \in \mathbb {Z}$

is

$58.1\%$

, to the nearest tenth of a percent. By studying the distribution of the

$8$

-rank of narrow class groups

$\operatorname {\mathrm {Cl}}^+(d)$

of

$\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt {d})$

, we prove that the infimum of this density is at least

$53.8\%$

.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of two cryptic species of the predatory genus Mononchoides Rahm, 1928 (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) and their congeneric affinities
Authors: Mahboob M. , Bashir I. , Asif M. , Nazir N. , Jahan R. , Tahseen Q. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on morphometric, morphological and molecular characterization using partial small subunit 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the D2/D3 domain of large subunit 28S rDNA, we described a new species Mononchoides kanzakii collected from manure, and the known species Mononchoides composticola Steel, Moens, Scholaert, Boshoff, Houthoofd and Bert, 2011, isolated from the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775). Phylogenetic trees based on the evolutionary model (GTR + I + G) were inferred by Bayesian inference algorithms. Mononchoides kanzakii sp. n. is characterized by 28–32 longitudinal ridges, discontinuous at level of stoma; amphidial apertures inconspicuous; metastegostom armed with thorn-shaped dorsal tooth; a flattened, claw-like right subventral tooth, and left subventral denticulate ridge with 12–14 fine denticles delimited by a group of five denticles in females vs. triangular, flattened right subventral tooth, 5–8 prominent denticles at left subventral sector in males; cloacal lips with a distinct rim; and gubernaculum with cuticularized, proximal and distal extensions of equal length, each constituting half of the length of the wider part of gubernaculum.
Contextual influence of reinforcement learning performance of depression: evidence for a negativity bias?
Authors: Vandendriessche Henri , Demmou Amel , Bavard Sophie , Yadak Julien , Lemogne Cédric , Mauras Thomas , Palminteri Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundsValue-based decision-making impairment in depression is a complex phenomenon: while some studies did find evidence of blunted reward learning and reward-related signals in the brain, others indicate no effect. Here we test whether such reward sensitivity deficits are dependent on the overall value of the decision problem.MethodsWe used a two-armed bandit task with two different contexts: one ‘rich’, one ‘poor’ where both options were associated with an overall positive, negative expected value, respectively. We tested patients (N = 30) undergoing a major depressive episode and age, gender and socio-economically matched controls (N = 26). Learning performance followed by a transfer phase, without feedback, were analyzed to distangle between a decision or a value-update process mechanism. Finally, we used computational model simulation and fitting to link behavioral patterns to learning biases.ResultsControl subjects showed similar learning performance in the ‘rich’ and the ‘poor’ contexts, while patients displayed reduced learning in the ‘poor’ context. Analysis of the transfer phase showed that the context-dependent impairment in patients generalized, suggesting that the effect of depression has to be traced to the outcome encoding. Computational model-based results showed that patients displayed a higher learning rate for negative compared to positive outcomes (the opposite was true in controls).ConclusionsOur results illustrate that reinforcement learning performances in depression depend on the value of the context. We show that depressive patients have a specific trouble in contexts with an overall negative state value, which in our task is consistent with a negativity bias at the learning rates level.