bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vokaltraktbeschwerden und Gesundheitserleben von Pflegenden in Senioreneinrichtungen in der Pandemie
Authors: Schuster Maria , Deitmerg Ursula , Gantner Sophia 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie bedeutet für Berufstätige im Gesundheitswesen eine besondere Belastung in mehreren Bereichen, u.a. durch das Tragen einer Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung und damit veränderter Kommunikation. In einer prospektiven Studie wurde die Belastung des Vokaltrakts und das psychisch-körperliche Wohlbefinden hier am Beispiel von Tätigen in der Altenpflege mittels Fragebogen erfasst.
Methoden In 2 Altenpflegeeinrichtungen wurden die standardisierten Fragebogen Symptom-Checkliste 90 in der Kurzversion (Mini-SCL) und die Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) in deutscher Übersetzung eingesetzt, kombiniert mit Fragen zu Alter, Komorbidität, Stimme und bereits erfolgter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion.
Ergebnis Bei einer Rückmeldung von 67 von 100 ausgeteilten Fragebogen zeigten sich bei den teilnehmenden Mitarbeitern (56 Frauen und 11 Männer, 45,2 ± 11,5 Jahre alt) erhöhte Werte für beide Fragebogen. Im Mini-SCL wiesen in der Skala Depressivität 23,8% erhöhte Werte auf, in der Skala Ängstlichkeit 49,3%, in der Skala Somatisierung 55,2% und in der Gesamtskala 44,7%. Bei 52% der Teilnehmer ergaben sich erhöhte Werte im VTDS. Zwischen dem VTDS und den Einzelskalen des Mini-SCL sowie zu Stimmbeschwerden bestand jeweils ein signifikanter Zusammenhang.
Diskussion In der Altenpflege Tätige leiden während der Pandemie vermehrt unter psychischen und physischen Beschwerden. Es bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen Missempfindungen im Vokaltrakt und Stimmsymptomen sowie dem emotionalen und körperlichen Wohlbefinden. Stimmhygienische Schulungen können bei den aktuell erhöhten kommunikativen Anforderungen hilfreich sein.
Impact of Treatment Modalities upon Survival Outcomes in Skull Base and Clival Chordoma: An NCDB Analysis
Authors: Muhonen Ethan G. , Yasaka Tyler M. , Lehrich Brandon M. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , St John Maie A. , Harris Jeremy P. , Hsu Frank P.K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives Skull base chordomas are locally aggressive malignant tumors derived from the notochord remnant. There are limited large-scale studies examining the role and extent of surgery and radiation therapy.
Design Analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was performed to evaluate the survival outcomes of various treatments, and to assess for predictors of overall survival (OS).
Participants This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients diagnosed with a clival/skull base chordoma between 2004 and 2015 in the NCDB.
Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).
Results In all, 468 cases were identified. Forty-nine percent of patients received surgery and 20.7% had positive margins. Mean age at diagnosis was 48.4 years in the surgical cohort, and 55% were males. Of the surgical cohort, 33.8% had negative margins, 20.7% had positive margins, and 45.5% had unknown margin status. Age ≥ 65 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–5.76; p < 0.001), diagnosis between 2010 and 2015 (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.90; p = 0.022), tumor size >5 cm (HR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.26–4.15; p = 0.007), and government insurance (HR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.24–4.2; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of OS. When comparing surgery with or without adjuvant radiation, no survival differences were found, regardless of margin status (p = 0.66).
Conclusion Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Advanced age (>65 years), large tumor size, and government insurance were predictors of worse OS. Whereas negative margins and the use of adjuvant radiation did not appear to impact OS, these may very well reduce local recurrences. A multidisciplinary approach is critical in achieving optimal outcomes in this challenging disease.
UV-Light-Induced Dehydrogenative N-Acylation of Amines with 2-Nitrobenzaldehydes To Give 2-Aminobenzamides
Authors: Deng Wei , Qiu Renhua , Zeng Dishu , Yang Tianbao , Tang Niu , Xiang Jiannan , Yin Shuang-Feng , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA simple, mild, green, and efficient method for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzamides is highly desirable. Herein, we report the development of an efficient, one-pot strategy starting from 2-aminobenzaldehydes and amines with acetic acid in ethyl acetate/acetone using irradiation with UV light for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzamides in high yields; 32 examples proceeded successfully by this photo-induced protocol in up to 92% yield. The reaction was also readily achieved on a gram scale. The utility of the 2-aminobenzamide building block in organic synthesis was shown by their use in the preparation of quinazolinone derivatives. The method was applied to amino acid derivatives as the amine component, which smoothly gave N-(2-aminobenzoyl)acetate derivatives at room temperature. Finally, a plausible mechanism is proposed.
Impact of Design of Experiments in the Optimisation of Catalytic Reactions in Academia
Authors: Carlone Armando , Nori Valeria , Sinibaldi Arianna , Pesciaioli Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesign of Experiments (DoE) is extensively and routinely used in industry; however, in recent decades, it has gained increasing interest from academia in organic synthesis. The use of chemometrics is an attractive strategy to find the real optimum in chemical reactions, especially when affected by several variables. DoE has been applied in a growing number of synthetic transformations over the years, where it undoubtedly helps in the process of optimisation, saving costs and time. This review concisely discusses the chemometric basis of Design of Experiments and highlights several examples in which DoE is applied in organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Chemometric Basis of DoE3 DoE Applied in Catalysis: Selected Examples3.1 DoE in Metal Catalysis3.2 DoE in Biocatalysis3.3 DoE in Organocatalysis4 Conclusions
Radical Addition of 4-Hydroxyquinazolines and Alkylation of Quinones by the Electro-Induced Homolysis of 4-Alkyl-1,4-di­hydropyridines
Authors: Feng Qiping , Wang Ping , Luo Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe formation of C(sp3)-centered radicals via the electro-­induced homolysis of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (alkyl-DHPs) is reported. The resulting alkyl radicals reacted with 4-hydroxyquinazolines or quinones to afford 2-alkyldihydroquinazolinones or alkylated quinones. A broad range of alkyl DHPs could be used as versatile radical precursors under electrolysis conditions. This alterative strategy provided a simple and effective pathway for the construction of C(sp2)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds under mild conditions.
Antiplaque Efficacy of a Novel Moringa oleifera Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Study
Authors: Duarte Kimberly , Thomas Biju , Varma Sudhir Rama , Kamath Vinayak , Shetty Bhavya , Kuduruthullah Syed , Nambiar Manjusha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectives The use of herbal dentifrices has grown exponentially over the years. They are categorically referred to as ethnomedicines. Various agents have been tried with contradicting findings based on phytopharmacological analysis. Miswak is one agent which has been used over the years. A novel Moringa oleifera-based dentifrice has shown promising results in terms of its cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the efficacy of two commercially available miswak- and moringa-based herbal dentifrices on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis scores.Materials and Methods This randomized clinical crossover study included 20 subjects with mild to moderate gingivitis. The study was conducted over a total examination period of 20 days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the use of both the toothpastes. The plaque index and gingival index of the study subjects were recorded at the designated time intervals throughout the study period.Statistical Analysis The data collected were entered on Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis using SPSS software (SPSS version 28, IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, United States) was done. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Moreover, p ≤0.05 was considered significant.Results The results showed that the reduction in mean gingival index scores from baseline to day 3 was more statistically significant in the moringa-based dentifrice. Similarly, the plaque index scores showed statistically significant reduction following the use of the moringa-based dentifrice when compared with the miswak dentifrice. This study reveals that the moringa dentifrice is a safe and effective agent in reducing plaque accumulation and treating gingival inflammation.Conclusion The current study aims to provide an insight into the possible role of moringa dentifrice as a possible adjunctive oral hygiene aid.
Comparison of Occlusal Parameters between Open Bite and Nonopen Bite Patients Using the T-Scan III System: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chaikla Katika , Pumklin Jittima , Piyapattamin Thosapol 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective To evaluate and compare the first tooth contact region, occlusion time, time to generate total force, and force distribution between open bite (OB) and non-OB (NOB) patients at the maximum intercuspation position using the T-Scan III system.Materials and Methods Sixteen patients were divided into the OB and NOB groups (n = 8 for each group). The T-Scan III system was used to evaluate the first tooth contact region, occlusion time, time to generate total force, and force distribution.Statistical Analysis The mean patient age, overjet, overbite, occlusion time, and time to generate total force were compared between the groups by independent samples t-test. Relative force distributions between groups and among regions were compared by the Mann–Whitney U- and Kruskal–Wallis H-tests, respectively. A probability value of less than 5% (p < 0.05) was considered significant.Results Differences in the first tooth contact region between groups were observed. The molar region was the first tooth contact region in the OB group, while first tooth contact was observed in all regions in the NOB group. Neither the occlusion time nor the time to generate total force was significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). The highest force distributions were observed in the molar regions in both groups. Significant intragroup differences were found among all regions (p < 0.05), except between the anterior and premolar regions in the NOB group (p = 0.317). Intergroup differences in the force distributions in the anterior (p = 0.000), premolar (p = 0.038), and molar (p = 0.007) regions were significant.Conclusion Unlike in the NOB group, in which first tooth contact occurred in every region, in the OB group, first tooth contact occurred only in the molar region. Compared with those in the NOB group, the force distributions in the OB group were approximately 1.5 times higher in the molar region but were significantly lower in the anterior and premolar regions.
Endovascular Management of Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Maxillary Artery after Dental Extraction
Authors: Singh Harsh Anand , Kumar Ishan , Singh Pramod Kumar , Varshney Anshul , Verma Ashish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPseudoaneurysm developing from the internal maxillary artery is a rare but potentially fatal condition. We describe a case of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery developed during dental extraction and successful endovascular closure of the feeder artery. At 2-month follow-up, the patient remained well with persistent thrombosis of pseudoaneurysm.
Digital Phenotyping in Clinical Neurology
Authors: Gupta Anoopum S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInternet-connected devices, including personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and voice assistants, have evolved into powerful multisensor technologies that billions of people interact with daily to connect with friends and colleagues, access and share information, purchase goods, play games, and navigate their environment. Digital phenotyping taps into the data streams captured by these devices to characterize and understand health and disease. The purpose of this article is to summarize opportunities for digital phenotyping in neurology, review studies using everyday technologies to obtain motor and cognitive information, and provide a perspective on how neurologists can embrace and accelerate progress in this emerging field.
Neuroethics in the Era of Teleneurology
Authors: Young Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe accelerating integration of telehealth technologies in neurology practice has transformed traditional interactions between neurologists and patients, allied clinicians and society. Despite the immense promise of these technologies to improve systems of neurological care, the infusion of telehealth technologies into neurology practice introduces a host of unique ethical challenges. Proactive consideration of the ethical dimensions of teleneurology and of the impact of these innovations on the field of neurology more generally can help to ensure responsible development and deployment across stages of implementation. Toward these ends, this article explores key ethical dimensions of teleneurology practice and policy, presents a normative framework for their consideration, and calls attention to underexplored questions ripe for further study at this evolving nexus of teleneurology and neuroethics. To promote successful and ethically resilient development of teleneurology across diverse contexts, clinicians, organizational leaders, and information technology specialists should work closely with neuroethicists with the common goal of identifying and rigorously assessing the trajectories and potential limits of teleneurology systems.
State of the Art: Contrast Enhanced 4D Ultrasound to Monitor or Assess Locoregional Therapies
Authors: Tantawi Mohamed , Shamimi-Noori Susan , Shaw Colette M. , Eisenbrey John R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLocoregional therapies (LRTs) are an essential management tool in the treatment of primary liver cancers or metastatic liver disease. LRTs include curative and palliative modalities. Monitoring treatment response of LRTs is crucial for maximizing benefit and improving clinical outcomes. Clinical use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was introduced more than two decades ago. Its portability, cost effectiveness, lack of contraindications and safety make it an ideal tool for treatment monitoring in numerous situations. Two-dimensional dynamic CEUS has been proved to be equivalent to the current imaging standard in the guidance of LRTs, assessment of their adequacy, and detection of early tumor recurrence. Recent technical advances in ultrasound transducers and image processing have made 3D CEUS scanning widely available on most commercial ultrasound systems. 3D scanning offers a broad multiplanar view of anatomic structures, overcoming many limitations of two-dimensional scanning. Furthermore, many ultrasound systems provide real-time dynamic 3D CEUS, also known as 4D CEUS. Volumetric CEUS has shown to perform better than 2D CEUS in the assessment and monitoring of some LRTs. CEUS presents a valid alternative to the current imaging standards with reduced cost and decreased risk of complications. Future efforts will be directed toward refining the utility of 4D CEUS through approaches such as multi-parametric quantitative analysis and machine learning algorithms.
Endovascular Rescue for Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysms following Minimally Invasive Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy—A Case Series
Authors: Bonala Nagateja , Bhargavi Vidya , Subbanna Indushekhar , KS Bharath , Patel Rajkumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNephron sparing surgery or partial nephrectomy has been employed ever since in cases of renal tumors with an aim to preserve the function of residual kidney. Lately, there has been increasing adoption in robot-assisted techniques for partial nephrectomy. However, renal surgeries of any kind have always been a hazard for postoperative vascular complications owing to high vascularity of the renal tissues, of which renal artery pseudoaneurysm is one of the most fatal complications. We present a case series where highly super-selective embolization rescues the patient and augments the nephron sparing nature of the precise robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.
Soil characteristics and tillage can predict the effect of ‘structure lime’ on soil aggregate stability
Authors: Blomquist Jens , Englund Jan-Eric , Berglund Kerstin 
Published: January 2022

Context In Sweden, mixtures of 80–85% ground limestone and 15–20% slaked lime (hereafter, ‘structure lime’) are used in subsidised environmental schemes to improve aggregate stability and mitigate phosphorus losses on clay soils. Aims This study investigated different rates of structure lime application and soil variables on aggregate stability on clay soils, and whether soil properties can predict aggregate stability following structure liming. Methods Increasing application rates of 0–16 t ha−1 of structure lime (SL0, SL4, SL8 and SL16) were tested in 30 field trials in Sweden. Soil aggregates (2–5 mm) were collected 1 year after liming and subjected to two rainfall events in a rain simulator. Key results Leachate turbidity after the second simulated rainfall event decreased significantly (13% and 20%, respectively, in SL8 and SL16) compared with SL0, indicating improved aggregate stability. There was a near-significant interaction (P = 0.056) between treatment and trial. Grouping by initial SR21022_IE1.gif (range 6.2–8.3), clay content (10–61%), soil organic matter content (SOM, 2.2–7.1) and clay mineralogy (SmV index, 0.2–3.8) revealed different effects on turbidity. Discriminant analysis of soil characteristics and four tillage variables correctly classified the outcome for 27 of the 30 trial sites. Conclusions Results show that structure liming can improve aggregate stability 1 year after liming, and can thereby prevent particulate P losses from soils with high clay and SOM content, low SmV index and low initial pH. The discriminant analysis also showed the importance of tillage for the outcome of structure liming. Implications Clay soil characteristics such as SOM and pH significantly affected aggregrate stability after structure liming.
Role of helical structure and dynamics in oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) mismatch tolerance and activation by short dsRNAs
Authors: Schwartz Samantha L. , Dey Debayan , Tanquary Julia , Bair Camden R. , Lowen Anice C. , Conn Graeme L. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The innate immune system is a collection of essential frontline defenses against infectious pathogens such as viruses. Currently, however, we do not fully understand how one innate immune sensor of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), is regulated in the absence of infection, nor the specific features of dsRNA molecules that lead to potent OAS1 activation. Here, we uncover a molecular basis for how sequence-independent features of short dsRNAs influence the extent of OAS1 activation. We also find that OAS1 is able to sense inosine-containing dsRNAs, suggesting that RNA editing may not be a protective mechanism to avoid aberrant cellular activation of OAS1 as has been proposed for other dsRNA sensing innate immune proteins.
Electrophysiological measures from human iPSC-derived neurons are associated with schizophrenia clinical status and predict individual cognitive performance
Authors: Page Stephanie Cerceo , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Farinelli Federica , Ye Zengyou , Wang Yanhong , Hiler Daniel J. , Pattie Elizabeth A. , Nguyen Claudia V. , Tippani Madhavi , Moses Rebecca L. , Chen Huei-Ying , Tran Matthew Nguyen , Eagles Nicholas J. , Stolz Joshua M. , Catallini Joseph L. , Soudry Olivia R. , Dickinson Dwight , Berman Karen F. , Apud Jose A. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Martinowich Keri , Jaffe Andrew E. , Straub Richard E. , Maher Brady J. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex, highly heritable, neurodevelopmental disorder with marked clinical heterogeneity and no clear pathological mechanism or cellular pathology. The polygenic nature of the disorder has hindered our ability to model the disorder in the laboratory. Prior studies of cortical neurons differentiated from SCZ patient and control hiPSCs have identified interesting differences but their relevance to clinical illness in adults remains unclear. We now identify electrophysiological measures that associate with diagnosis and/or predict the severity of clinical and cognitive features of individual adult donors. These results demonstrate neurophysiological measures that are related to the patient’s personal clinical characteristics, which may help with patient stratification and the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Challenges in addressing student difficulties with time-development of two-state quantum systems using a multiple-choice question sequence in virtual and in-person classes
Authors: Hu Peter , Li Yangqiuting , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research-validated clicker questions as instructional tools for formative assessment are relatively easy to implement and can provide effective scaffolding when developed and implemented in a sequence. We present findings from the implementation of a research-validated clicker question sequence (CQS) on student understanding of the time-development of two-state quantum systems. This study was conducted in an advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics course for two consecutive years in virtual and in-person classes. The effectiveness of the CQS discussed here in both modes of instruction was determined by evaluating students’ performance after traditional lecture-based instruction and comparing it to their performance after engaging with the CQS.
An intensity demodulated refractive index sensor based on a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber
Authors: Liu Shidi , Yang Tianyu , Zhang Liang , Tian Ming , Dong Yuming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A robust and simple mid-infrared hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (ARF) based refractive index (RI) sensor with an intensity demodulation method is presented and analyzed for monitoring liquid analytes. The ARF allows liquid analytes to flow through its hollow area for detection. To obtain ideal sensing performance, an epsilon negative (ENG) material is introduced into the selected anti-resonant tube. With the high absorption of the ENG material, only one fundamental mode is available for detection and is sensitive to the RI variation of analytes. Moreover, the effects of structural parameters on the sensing performances are discussed and analyzed to further understand the mechanism and optimization. The final result shows that the ARF sensor can exhibit a high sensitivity of −372.58 dB RIU−1 at a fixed wavelength within a broad RI range from 1.33 to 1.45, which covers most liquid analytes. It is a promising candidate for chemical and environmental analysis. Additionally, it has the potential for deep research to feed diverse applications.