bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Postoperative Complication of Emergency Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Nadal Luis R. M. , Silva Artur M. A. da , Johann Larissa , Boustani Shuaib H. El , Medrado Maria Beatriz A. S. , Farah Jose F. M. , Lupinacci Renato A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction The literature converges regarding the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) tests between postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 5 of elective procedures. In this period, they have great sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for severe and anastomotic complications about two days before the first clinical sign. The few studies on colorectal urgency suggest that, despite the different initial values according to the surgical indication, following POD 3, the level of CRP is similar to that of elective procedures. However, given the heterogeneity of the studies, there is no consensus on the cutoff values for this use.
Objective To validate the use and propose a PO CRP cut-off value in urgent colorectal procedures as an exclusion criterion for complications of anastomosis or the abdominal cavity.
Method Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 308 patients who underwent urgent colorectal surgical procedures between January 2017 and December 2019. The following data were considered: age, gender, surgical indication, type of procedure performed, complications, CRP levels preoperatively and from POD 1 to 4, and the severity of the complications. We compared the CRP levels and the percentage variations between the preoperative period and PODs 1 to 4 as markers of severe complications using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results The levels of CRP on POD4, and their percentage drops between PODs 2 to 4 and PODs 3 to 4, were better to predict severe complications. A cutoff of 7.45 mg/dL on POD 4 had 91.7% of sensitivity and NPV. A 50% drop between PODs 3 and 4 had 100% of sensitivity and NPV.
Conclusion Determining the level of CRP is useful to exclude severe complications, and it could be a criterion for hospital discharge in POD 4 of emergency colorectal surgery.
Liquid-based Anal Cytology as a Screening Tool for Prevention of Anal Cancer in at-risk Populations: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis on 111 Patients
Authors: Pisano Luigi , Tiradritti Luana , Lorenzoni Elisa , Zuccati Giuliano , Foxi Prassede , Butera Daniela , Matucci Marzia , Confortini Massimo , Carozzi Francesca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in almost 90% of the cases. Its incidence is alarmingly high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and continues to increase at an average rate of 2% per year. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the usefulness and performance of liquid-based anal cytology as a screening tool for prevention and early detection of SCCA in a cohort of at-risk men.
Method We conducted a retrospective study including 111 MSM, aged between 22 and 62 years old, who underwent anal cytological screening with a liquid-based Pap test at our sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic from January 2015 to March 2017.
Results Out of 111 anal smears, 57 (51,4%) resulted negative, 42 (37,8%) abnormal, and 12 (10,8%) unsatisfactory for the cytological evaluation. Only patients with an abnormal cytology underwent anoscopy and subsequent biopsy. The histological results were as follows: negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) in 5 cases, low-grade SIL (L-SIL) in 21, high-grade SIL (H-SIL) in 5, SCCA in 1. Five patients had a normal anoscopy and biopsy was not taken.
Conclusion Liquid-based cytology, reducing the “darkening factors” typical for the conventional smears, has a higher positive predictive value than the traditional technique. Moreover, a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or L-SIL may hide a severe dysplasia or even a carcinoma. Thus, all patients with an abnormal anal cytology at any grade should be considered for anoscopy.
Elective Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy with Preservation of the Superior Rectal Artery Prior to Endoscopic Decompression in Sigmoid Volvulus
Authors: Jaramillo Romero Aldo , Ramirez López Mario Alberto , Mejía Flores Samantha L. , Niño Carrasco Andrés 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSigmoid volvulus is a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction. Its management has evolved with the use of laparoscopic surgery, achieving an elective sigmoid resection with anastomosis after a flexible endoscopic detorsion. A female patient was admitted to the emergency room with abdominal pain, distention, and constipation. The abdominal computed tomography showed a whirled sigmoid mesentery in addition to dilated sigmoid loops, and coffee bean sign. The patient successfully underwent a flexible endoscopic detorsion and was scheduled for elective sigmoid colectomy with rectal superior artery preservation and primary anastomosis. During the sigmoid resection, the superior rectal artery preservation is related to a better prognostic, with less bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and hospital stay. Currently, there are few reports of the laparoscopic preservation of the superior rectal artery in patients with sigmoid volvulus.
Is There a Precise Correlation between the Lengths of the Peritoneal Reflection and the Middle Rectal Valve?
Authors: Corrêa Neto Isaac José Felippe , Oliveira Mariana Campello de , Robles Laercio , Santos Leonardo Marcos Lopes , Rolim Alexander Sá , Souza Rogério Freitas Lino , Watté Hugo Henriques , Cecchini Angelo Rossi da Silva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Pelvic anatomy remains a challenge, and thorough knowledge of its intricate landmarks has major clinical and surgical implications in several medical specialties. The peritoneal reflection is an important landmark in intraluminal surgery, rectal trauma, impalement, and rectal adenocarcinoma.
Objectives To investigate the correlation between the lengths of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection determined with rigid sigmoidoscopy and to determine whether there are any differences in the location of the peritoneal reflection between the genders and in relation to body mass index (BMI) and parity.
Design We prospectively investigated the location of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection via intraoperative rigid sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.
Results We evaluated 38 patients with a mean age of 55.5 years old (57.5% males) who underwent colorectal surgery at the coloproctology service of the Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. There was substantial agreement between the lengths of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection (Kappa = 0.66). In addition, the peritoneal reflection was significantly lower in overweight patients (p = 0.013 for women and p < 0.005 for men) and in women with > 2 vaginal deliveries (p = 0.009), but there was no significant difference in the length of the peritoneal reflection between genders (p = 0.32).
Conclusion There was substantial agreement between the lengths of the peritoneal reflection and of the middle rectal valve, and the peritoneal reflection was significantly lower in overweight patients and in women with more than two vaginal deliveries.
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage Following Total or Subtotal Colectomy
Authors: Ocaña J. , Pastor-Peinado P. , Abadía P. , Ballestero A. , Ramos D. , García-Pérez JC. , Fernández-Cebrián JM. , Die J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction A higher rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) is reported after ileosigmoid anastomosis (ISA) or ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in total or subtotal colectomy (TSC) compared with colonic or colorectal anastomosis. The main aim of the present study was to assess potential risk factors for AL after ISA or IRA and to investigate determinants of morbidity.
Methods We identified 180 consecutive patients in a prospective referral, single center database, in which 83 of the patients underwent TSC with ISA or IRA. Data regarding the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and outcome were assessed to determine their association with the cumulative incidence of AL and surgical morbidity.
Results Ileosigmoid anastomosis was performed in 51 of the patients (61.5%) and IRA in 32 patients (38.6%). The cumulative incidence of AL was 15.6% (13 of 83 patients). A higher AL rate was found in patients under 50 years-old (p = 0.038), in the elective-laparoscopic approach subgroup (p = 0.049), and patients in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subgroup (p = 0.009). Furthermore, 14 patients (16.9%) had morbidity classified as Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIA.
Discussion A relatively high incidence of AL after TSC was observed in a relatively safe surgical procedure. Our findings suggest that the risk of AL may be higher in IBD patients. According to our results, identifying risk factors prior to surgery may improve short-term outcomes.
Non-contact optical magnetic field sensor based on metamaterial nanomechanics
Authors: Lan Guoqiang , Ou Jun-Yu , Papas Dimitrios , Zheludev Nikolay I. , Plum Eric 
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate a non-contact optical magnetic field sensor that is based on actuation of a metamaterial-microcavity by the magnetic Lorentz force. Magnetic field is transduced to a change of the sensor’s reflectivity. The microscale proof-of-concept metamaterial magnetometer can be read from a distance and offers 60 μm spatial, about 10 μs temporal, and sub-microtesla magnetic field resolution.
Optical transitions of neutral Mg in Mg-doped β-Ga2O3
Authors: Bhandari Suman , Lyons John L. , Wickramaratne Darshana , Zvanut M. E. 
Published: February 2022

Gallium oxide when doped with Mg becomes semi-insulating and can be useful for power electronic devices. The present work investigates optical transitions of neutral Mg (MgGa0) using photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, a variation of the traditional optical absorption. Steady-state and time-dependent measurements are carried out at 130 K by illuminating the samples with photon energies from 0.7 to 4.4 eV. Interpretation of the data using a model that incorporates electron–phonon coupling yields a defect transition level that is consistent with the MgGa−/0 level obtained from hybrid density functional theory calculations. We conclude that the neutral to negative transition of MgGa that we observe involves an electron transition from the valence band to the defect, and the MgGa−/0 level is located 1.2 eV above the valence band maximum, with a relaxation energy of 1.3 eV.
Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney
Authors: Dulias Katharina , Foody M. George B. , Justeau Pierre , Silva Marina , Martiniano Rui , Oteo-García Gonzalo , Fichera Alessandro , Rodrigues Simão , Gandini Francesca , Meynert Alison , Donnelly Kevin , Aitman Timothy J. ,   The Scottish Genomes Partnership, Chamberlain Andrew , Lelong Olivia , Kozikowski George , Powlesland Dominic , Waddington Clive , Mattiangeli Valeria , Bradley Daniel G. , Bryk Jaroslaw , Soares Pedro , Wilson James F. , Wilson Graeme , Moore Hazel , Pala Maria , Edwards Ceiridwen J. , Richards Martin B. , Aitman Tim J. , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Williams Nicola , Meynert Alison , Biankin Andrew V , Santoyo-Lopez Javier 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The Orcadian Neolithic has been intensively studied and celebrated as a major center of cultural innovation, whereas the Bronze Age is less well known and often regarded as a time of stagnation and insularity. Here, we analyze ancient genomes from the Orcadian Bronze Age in the context of the variation in Neolithic Orkney and Bronze Age Europe. We find clear evidence for Early Bronze Age immigration into Orkney, but with an extraordinary pattern: continuity from the Neolithic on the male line of descent but immigration from continental Europe on the female side, echoed in the genome-wide picture. This suggests that despite substantial immigration, indigenous male lineages persisted for at least a thousand years after the end of the Neolithic.
Dark-field computed tomography reaches the human scale
Authors: Viermetz Manuel , Gustschin Nikolai , Schmid Clemens , Haeusele Jakob , von Teuffenbach Maximilian , Meyer Pascal , Bergner Frank , Lasser Tobias , Proksa Roland , Koehler Thomas , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: February 2022

Significance
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used diagnostic three-dimensional imaging modalities today. Conventionally, this noninvasive technique generates contrast by measuring the X-ray attenuation properties of different tissues. Considering the wave nature of X-rays, complementary contrast can be achieved by further measuring their small-angle scattering (dark-field) properties. This provides additional valuable diagnostic information on otherwise unresolved tissue microstructure. In our work, we have translated this wave-optical mechanism from the optical bench to a human-sized prototype CT system. This involved the integration of an interferometer into a clinical CT gantry and overcoming several associated challenges regarding vibrations, continuous gantry rotation, and large field of view. This development puts complementary X-ray contrast within reach for real-word medical applications.
Quenching of single-particle strengths of carbon isotopes 9-12,14-20C with knockout reactions for incident energies 43–2100 MeV/nucleon *
Authors: Xu Yi-Ping , Pang Dan-Yang , Yuan Cen-Xi , Yun Xiao-Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To study the quenching of single-particle strengths of carbon isotopes, a systematic analysis is performed for 9-12,14-20C, with single neutron knockout reactions on Be/C targets, within an energy range from approximately 43 to 2100 MeV/nucleon, using the Glauber model. Incident energies do not show any obvious effect on the resulting values across this wide energy range. The extracted quenching factors are found to be strongly dependent on the proton-neutron asymmetry, which is consistent with the recent analysis of knockout reactions but is inconsistent with the systematics of transfer and quasi-free knockout reactions.
Topologically protected moiré exciton at a twist-boundary in a van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Chaves Andrey , Covaci Lucian , Peeters François M , Milošević Milorad V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A twin boundary in one of the layers of a twisted van der Waals heterostructure separates regions with near opposite inter-layer twist angles. In a MoS2/WSe2 bilayer, the regions with

R
h
h

and

R
h
X

stacking registry that defined the sub-lattices of the moiré honeycomb pattern would be mirror-reflected across such a twist boundary. In that case, we demonstrate that topologically protected chiral moiré exciton states are confined at the twist boundary. These are one-dimensional and uni-directional excitons with opposite velocities for excitons composed by electronic states with opposite valley/spin character, enabling intrinsic, guided, and far reaching valley-polarized exciton currents.
Design of hybrid MoS2/photonic devices compatible with technological constraints
Authors: Dory Jean-Baptiste , Gauthier-Lafaye Olivier , Dubreuil Pascal , Massiot Inès , Calvez Stéphane , Mlayah Adnen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The integration of transition metal dichalcogenide layers into photonic devices is a current challenge in the field of 2D materials. Based on numerical simulations, this work explores the design of devices combining an MoS2 monolayer with planar photonic gratings sustaining localized optical resonances. A special attention is paid to the technological constraints. The optical response of six devices is compared taking into account the limitations imposed by the growth conditions of the MoS2 layer and the processing of the resonant optical gratings. The reported photonic devices composed of grating filters and a backside reflector on silicon and silica substrates exhibit a theoretical absorption by the MoS2 layer between 85 and 99% at 532 nm. The numerical simulations further show that the addition of an Al2O3 encapsulation layer, to protect the MoS2 monolayer, results in an increase of the performance of the devices. These hybrid MoS2 based photonic devices are promising technological platforms for the study of the optical properties of integrated MoS2 monolayers.
Excellent photocatalytic degradation and antibiosis of WO3/Fe2O3 heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The extensive light absorption, enhanced separation of photoinduced carriers and convenience of recycling are crucial for the practical application of WO3 photocatalyst in the dye degradation and the antibiosis activity. Hence, in this work, we synthesize WO3/Fe2O3 composite film on FTO conductive substrate through hydrothermal method. The higher degradation rate for methylene blue (MB) is achieved by WO3/Fe2O3 composite film, and the value of C/C0 is 0.28 which is lower than that of 0.58 for bare WO3 with the irradiation for 4 h. Moreover, the sterilization rate of 28.99% is achieved for WO3-based film with the deposition of Fe2O3 for 3 h. The deeper measurements indicate that the enhanced photocatalytic performances are attributed to the expand light absorption, improved transfer kinetics and separation efficiency of photoinduced carriers with the formation of heterojunction. This work establishes the effective template for WO3-based film with the enhanced photocatalytic prosperities for dye degradation and antibiosis.
Nanocrystalline structure and microhardness of cobalt-chromium alloys electrochemically synthesized using a metal hydroxide coprecipitation technique
Authors: Saeki Ryusei , Ohgai Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of glycine as a complexing agent on metal hydroxide formation, such as Co(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3, was investigated based on potential-pH diagrams and titration curves for Co2+-H2O and Cr3+−H2O systems. Using a potentiostatic electrodeposition technique, Co–Cr alloy-based composite films containing Cr2O3 were synthesized from a non-suspended aqueous solution within an optimized pH range. Chromium content in the composite films was controlled up to 38.9% by adjusting the cathode potential during the alloy electrodeposition. Based on the XRD profiles and electron diffraction patterns, an amorphous-like nanocrystalline structure was observed in the composite films with high chromium content. The average crystal grain size declined due to Cr2O3 particles and hydrogen evolution during the electrodeposition process. Saturation magnetization of the composite films decreased with an increase in the chromium content. Synergistic contribution of increasing dislocation density and refining crystal grain size improved the microhardness of the composite films. The microhardness reached 624.2 kgf mm−2 and greatly exceeded that of pure cobalt (ca. 250–300 kgf mm−2).
Low doping in-situ strategy leading to polysilicon based TFTs exhibiting high stability under stress effects and enhanced electrical performances
Authors: Zaghdoudi Mariem , Rogel Régis , Mohammed-Brahim Tayeb 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the effect of low phosphorus doped polysilicon thin films. These later are deposited on glass substrates by low pressure chemical vapor Deposition (LPCVD) technique and are in situ doped with phosphine adjunction to silane. Doping levels are reported by the phosphine to silane ratio Γ varying from 0 (undoped layer) to heavily doped layer almost 1.2 × 10–3. Films are characterized by different techniques as Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS), photoluminescence measurements and x-ray diffraction of polycrystalline layers. The last one reveals that doping concentration giving modification in crystallite size and presence of microstrain, so a clear reduction in the Eg value was observed for the slightest doped layer (Γ = 3.7 × 10–7) by comparaison with the undoped one ((Γ = 0). Results give evidence of an optimum doping level to obtain higher polysilicon films quality. Polysilicon film quality has been correlated to phosphorus doping levels. Thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on glass substrate using a top gate four mask process at low temperature (<600 °C). Electrical characterizations highlight significant improvements in the TFTs performances using slightly doped film instead of undoped one as active layer. Based on Levinson’s model, density of states within the grain boundaries is also found to be the lowest. Stability under stress is enhanced too. For slightly doped films, electrical characterizations indicate that both threshold voltage

V

th

and density of states NT within the grain boundaries have their lowest values. Although, the field effect mobility μ records its highest values. Additionally, low doping levels enhances the TFT stability under stress. As a result, the in situ low doping strategy opens the way to manufacture polysilicon electronic devices exhibiting high electrical performances and a rather high stability under stress effects.
A combined multiscale modeling and experimental study on surface modification of high-volume micro-nanoparticles with atomic accuracy
Authors: Li Zoushuang , Xiang Junren , Liu Xiao , Li Xiaobo , Li Lijie , Shan Bin , Chen Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Surface modification for micro-nanoparticles at the atomic and close-to-atomic scales is of great importance to enhance their performance in various applications, including high-volume battery, persistent luminescence, etc. Fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (FB-ALD) is a promising atomic-scale manufacturing technology that offers ultrathin films on large amounts of particulate materials. Nevertheless, nanoparticles tend to agglomerate due to the strong cohesive forces, which is much unfavorable to the film conformality and also hinders their real applications. In this paper, the particle fluidization process in an ultrasonic vibration-assisted FB-ALD reactor is numerically investigated from micro-scale to macro-scale through the multiscale computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) modeling with experimental verification. Various vibration amplitudes and frequencies are investigated in terms of their effects on the fluid dynamics, distribution of particle velocity and solid volume fraction, as well as the size of agglomerates. Results show that the fluid turbulent kinetic energy, which is the key power source for the particles to obtain the kinetic energy for overcoming the interparticle agglomeration forces, can be strengthened obviously by the ultrasonic vibration. Besides, the application of ultrasonic vibration is found to reduce the mean agglomerate size in the FB. This is bound to facilitate the heat transfer and precursor diffusion in the entire FB-ALD reactor and the agglomerates, which can largely shorten the coating time and improve the film conformality as well as precursor utilization. The simulation results also agree well with our battery experimental results, verifying the validity of the multiscale CFD-DEM model. This work has provided momentous guidance to the mass manufacturing of atomic-scale particle coating from lab-scale to industrial applications.