bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical comparison of the Extended Parallel Process Model with the Terror Management Health Model
Authors: Hunt David M , Shehryar Omar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Extended Parallel Process Model posits that fear-appeal messages are processed only when message recipients perceive a critical level of threat. The more recent Terror Management Health Model suggests that, in addition to level of perceived threat, the nature of the threat also influences how target audiences process fear appeals. Specifically, fear appeals that utilize the threat of death as a consequence trigger both conscious and nonconscious responses that influence message recipients’ health-related decisions. Accounting for the influence of consciousness of death helps explain maladaptive responses that extant theory has been unable to explain. Results from an experiment indicate that, when the level of perceived fear was the same across participants, the Extended Parallel Process Model successfully predicted persuasive outcomes for fear appeals that utilized the threat of arrest or serious injury as a consequence of noncompliance. However, for fear appeals that utilized the threat of death as a consequence of noncompliance, as predicted by the Terror Management Health Model, ego involvement in the health-related behavior predicted persuasive outcomes more accurately than the dual fear control and danger control processes. These findings suggest that incorporating consciousness of death and ego involvement can avoid conceptual problems with the level-of-fear construct, provide a meaningful way to predict fear-appeal responses across target audiences, and explain maladaptive responses that have eluded the explanations of extant fear-appeal theories.
Equations and Character Sums with Matrix Powers, Kloosterman Sums over Small Subgroups, and Quantum Ergodicity
Authors: Ostafe Alina , Shparlinski Igor E , Voloch José Felipe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe obtain a nontrivial bound on the number of solutions to the equation $$ \begin{align*} &\sum_{i=1}^{\nu} A^{x_i} = \sum_{i=\nu+1}^{2\nu} A^{x_i}, \qquad 1 \leqslant x_i \leqslant \tau, \end{align*}$$with a fixed $n\times n$ matrix $A$ over a finite field ${{\mathbb {F}}}_q$ of $q$ elements of multiplicative order $\tau $. We apply our result to obtain a new bound for additive character sums with a matrix exponential function, nontrivial beyond the square-root threshold. For $n=2$, this equation has been considered by Kurlberg and Rudnick (for $\nu =2$) and Bourgain (for large $\nu $) in their study of quantum ergodicity for linear maps over residue rings. We use a new approach to improve their results and also obtain a bound on Kloosterman sums over small subgroups, of size below the square-root threshold.
Enterobacterales high-risk clones and plasmids spreading blaESBL/AmpC and blaOXA-48 genes within and between hospitalized dogs and their environment
Authors: Haenni Marisa , Boulouis Henri Jean , Lagrée Anne Claire , Drapeau Antoine , Va Florence , Billet Mégane , Châtre Pierre , Madec Jean Yves 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Compared with healthcare settings, the role of veterinary hospitals in the spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant (ESC-R/CP-R) bacteria has been overlooked.

Objectives
To investigate using genome-based approaches the dynamics of ESC-R and CP-R Enterobacterales among 125 dogs admitted to the same veterinary hospital over a 4 month period.

Methods
Dogs (n = 125) were sampled within 48 h of admission and at discharge. ESC-R/CP-R were phenotypically characterized and whole-genome sequenced using short- and long-read technologies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using appropriate pipelines.

Results
ESC-R/CP-R prevalence in dogs was 4.8% (6/125) upon admission and reached 24.8% (31/125) at discharge, reflecting multiple acquisitions of ESBL/AmpC and OXA-48-positive Enterobacterales during hospitalization. Indistinguishable or closely related isolates were found within dogs, shared between dogs, and shared between dogs and their environment, suggesting numerous clonal and plasmid spreads. Even though carbapenems are not licensed for use in companion animals, a wide distribution of the blaOXA-48/IncL plasmid was evidenced across different bacterial species and dogs.

Conclusions
This study highlights nosocomial acquisitions of ESBL/AmpC and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales by companion animals and the risk of further transmission within the community in a One Health perspective. Reinforced infection prevention and control measures and screening procedures are urgently needed in small animal veterinary settings where advanced therapeutics and intensive care is provided.
Maybe they had a bad day: how LGBTQ and BIPOC patients react to bias in healthcare and struggle to speak out
Authors: Apodaca Calvin , Casanova-Perez Reggie , Bascom Emily , Mohanraj Deepthi , Lane Cezanne , Vidyarthi Drishti , Beneteau Erin , Sabin Janice , Pratt Wanda , Weibel Nadir , Hartzler Andrea L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
People who experience marginalization, including Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus (ie, all other marginalized genders and sexual orientations) people (LGBTQ+) experience discrimination during healthcare interactions, which negatively impacts patient–provider communication and care. Yet, scarce research examines the lived experience of unfair treatment among patients from marginalized groups to guide patient-centered tools that improve healthcare equity.

Materials and Methods
We interviewed 25 BIPOC and/or LGBTQ+ people about their experiences of unfair treatment and discrimination when visiting healthcare providers. Through thematic analysis, we describe participants’ immediate reactions and longer-term consequences of those experiences.

Results
We identified 4 ways that participants reacted to discrimination in the moment: Fighting, Fleeing, Excusing, and Working Around Bias. Long-term consequences reflect 6 ways they coped: Delaying or Avoiding Care, Changing Healthcare Providers, Self-prescribing, Covering Behaviors, Experiencing Health Complications, and Mistrusting Healthcare Institutions.

Discussion
By describing how patients react to experiences of unfair treatment and discrimination, our findings enhance the understanding of health disparities as patients cope and struggle to speak out.
To combat these problems, we identify 3 future directions for informatics interventions that improve provider behavior, support patient advocacy, and address power dynamics in healthcare.

Conclusions
BIPOC and LGBTQ+ patients’ perspectives on navigating unfair treatment and discrimination in healthcare offers critical insight into their experiences and long-term consequences of those experiences. Understanding the circumstances and consequences of unfair treatment, discrimination, and the impact of bias through this patient-centered lens is crucial to inform informatics technologies that promote health equity.
Children’s mobile communicative practices and locational privacy
Authors: Özkul Didem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Children start using smartphones increasingly from early ages. This makes it more difficult for them to develop an understanding of online privacy and managing their personal data. Many parents monitor and regulate children’s online media use. However, they also encourage using smartphones to ensure the safety and security of their children. This study explores how children use smartphones in relation to their understanding of privacy of communication, content, data, and location. It examines data from 7 focus groups with arts-based methods conducted with 37 children in UK. The findings suggest that children think of their smartphones as a private communication technology and a private place, and they manage their locational privacy based on the necessity of using a mobile app and through adjusting the location settings on their phones. The findings also suggest that privacy of mobile data and user content are dependent on where mobile communication takes place.
Strong ground-motion prediction equations from induced earthquakes in St. Gallen geothermal field, Switzerland
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Convertito Vincenzo , De Matteis Raffaella , Capuano Paolo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ground shaking, whether it is due to natural or induced earthquakes, has always been a matter of concern since it correlates with structural/non-structural damage and can culminate in human anxiety. Industrial activities such as water injection, gas sequestration and waste fluid disposals, promote induced seismicity and consequent ground shaking that can hinder ongoing activities. Therefore, keeping in mind the importance of timely evaluation of a seismic hazard and its mitigation for societal benefits, the present study proposes specifically designed ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) from induced earthquakes in the St. Gallen geothermal area, Switzerland. The data analysed in this study consist of 343 earthquakes with magnitude −1.17 ≤ ML, corr ≤ 3.5 and hypocentral distance between 4 and 15 km. The proposed study is one of the first to incorporate ground motions from negative magnitude earthquakes for the development of GMPEs. The GMPEs are inferred with a two-phase approach. In the first phase, a reference model is obtained by considering the effect of source and medium properties on the ground motion. In the second phase the final model is obtained by including a site/station effect. The comparison between the GMPEs obtained in the present study with GMPEs developed for the other induced seismicity environments highlights a mismatch that is ascribed to differences in regional seismic environment and local site conditions of the respective regions. This suggests that, when dealing with induced earthquakes, GMPEs specific for the study should be inferred and used for both monitoring purposes and seismic hazard analyses.
Role of Genes in Regulating Host Plants Expansion in Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera) and Potential for RNAi-Based Control
Authors: Shi Wei , Ye Hui , Roderick George , Cao Jun , Kerdelhué Carole , Han Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Host plant expansion is an important survival strategy for tephritids as they expand their range. Successful host expansion requires tephritids to adapt to the chemical and nonchemical properties of a novel host fruit, such as fruit color, phenology, and phytochemicals. These plant properties trigger a series of processes in tephritids, with each process having its own genetic basis, which means that various genes are involved in regulating host plant expansion by tephritids. This review summarizes current knowledge on the categories and roles of genes involved in host plant expansion in several important tephritid species, including genes related to chemoreception (olfactory and gustation), vision, digestion, detoxification, development, ribosomal and energy metabolism. Chemoreception- and detoxification- and digestion-related genes are stimulated by volatile chemicals and secondary chemicals of different hosts, respectively, which are involved in the regulation of nervous signal transduction that triggers behavioral, physical, and chemical responses to the novel host fruit. Vision-, nerve-, and development-related genes and metabolism-associated genes are activated in response to nonchemical stimuli from different hosts, such as color and phenology, to regulate a comprehensive adaptation of the extending host for tephritids. The chemical and nonchemical signals of hosts activate ribosomal and energy-related genes that result in the basic regulation of many processes of host expansion, including detoxification and development. These genes do not regulate novel host use individually, but multiple genes regulate multilevel adaptation to novel host fruits via multiple mechanisms. These genes may also be potential target genes for RNAi-based control of tephritid pests.
Surveying Diverse Subpopulations in Refugee Studies: Reflections on Sampling, Implementation, and Translation Strategies Drawn from Experiences with a Regional Quantitative Survey on Refugee Parents in Germany
Authors: Wenzel Laura , Husen Onno , Sandermann Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conducting a survey with refugee populations involves particular challenges. Among these challenges, sampling, implementation and survey translation are crucial. This becomes even more obvious when trying to access hard-to-survey subgroups of a larger refugee population. This paper demonstrates possible ways of addressing sampling, implementation and translation problems and some of the associated pitfalls based on the example of a quantitative survey intended for refugee parents in the state of Lower Saxony/Germany. First, we argue that based on the need to collect representative data, adjusting the target population may be one way to respond to the lack of a sampling frame for the original target population. Second, we reason that under unforeseen circumstances, such as an ongoing pandemic, ad-hoc changes may be needed in implementation strategies, and we shed light on some disadvantages of self-administered web-based surveys in refugee studies. Third, we claim that surveys involving linguistically and culturally diverse refugee populations benefit to large extent from using a modified variant of the team translation approach (TRAPD). In our conclusion, we critically reflect on adaptable strategies for ensuring well-defined samples, a reasoned implementation and translation practice that meet the challenges of representing a distinct refugee population’s diversity.
FLASH pilot survey: detections of associated 21 cm H i absorption in GAMA galaxies at 0.42 &lt; z &lt; 1.00
Authors: Su Renzhi , Sadler Elaine M , Allison James R , Mahony Elizabeth K , Moss Vanessa A , Whiting Matthew T , Yoon Hyein , Aditya J N H S , Bellstedt Sabine , Robotham Aaron S G , Garratt-Smithson Lilian , Gu Minfeng , Koribalski Bärbel S , Soria Roberto , Weng Simon 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for associated 21 cm H i absorption at redshift 0.42 &lt; z &lt; 1.00 in radio-loud galaxies from three Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey fields. These observations were carried out as part of a pilot survey for the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) First Large Absorption Survey in H i (FLASH). From a sample of 326 radio sources with 855.5 MHz peak flux density above 10 mJy, we detected two associated H i absorption systems, in SDSS J090331+010847 at z = 0.522 and SDSS J113622+004852 at z = 0.563. Both galaxies are massive (stellar mass $\gt 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) and have optical spectra characteristic of luminous red galaxies, though spectral energy distribution fitting implies that SDSS J113622+004852 contains a dust-obscured starburst with star formation rate ∼69 M⊙ yr−1. The H i absorption lines have a high optical depth, with τpk of 1.77 ± 0.16 for SDSS J090331+010847 (the highest value for any z &gt; 0.1 associated system found to date) and 0.14 ± 0.01 for SDSS J113622+004852. In the redshift range probed by our ASKAP observations, the detection rate for associated H i absorption lines (with τpk &gt; 0.1 and at least 3σ significance) is $2.9_{-2.6}^{+9.7}$ per cent. Although the current sample is small, this rate is consistent with a trend seen in other studies for a lower detection rate of associated 21 cm H i absorption systems at higher redshift. We also searched for OH absorption lines at 0.67 &lt; z &lt; 1.34, but no detection was made in the 145 radio sources searched.
Exploring the physical properties of lensed star-forming clumps at 2 ≲ z ≲ 6
Authors: Meštrić U , Vanzella E , Zanella A , Castellano M , Calura F , Rosati P , Bergamini P , Mercurio A , Meneghetti M , Grillo C , Caminha G B , Nonino M , Merlin E , Cupani G , Sani E 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the physical properties (size, stellar mass, luminosity, and star formation rate) and scaling relations for a sample of 166 star-forming clumps with redshift z ∼ 2–6.2. They are magnified by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS J0416 and have robust lensing magnification (2 ≲ μ ≲ 82) computed by using our high-precision lens model, based on 182 multiple images. Our sample extends by ∼3 times the number of spectroscopically confirmed lensed clumps at z ≳ 2. We identify clumps in ultraviolet continuum images and find that, whenever the effective spatial resolution (enhanced by gravitational lensing) increases, they fragment into smaller entities, likely reflecting the hierarchically organized nature of star formation. Kpc-scale clumps, most commonly observed in field, are not found in our sample. The physical properties of our sample extend the parameter space typically probed by z ≳ 1 field observations and simulations, by populating the low mass (M⋆ ≲ 107 M⊙), low star formation rate (SFR ≲ 0.5 M⊙ yr−1), and small size (Reff ≲ 100 pc) regime. The new domain probed by our study approaches the regime of compact stellar complexes and star clusters. In the mass–size plane, our sample spans the region between galaxies and globular clusters, with a few clumps in the region populated by young star clusters and globular clusters. For the bulk of our sample, we measure star formation rates which are higher than those observed locally in compact stellar systems, indicating different conditions for star formation at high redshift than in the local Universe.
The impact of a massive Sagittarius dSph on GD-1-like streams
Authors: Dillamore Adam M , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Price-Whelan Adrian M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of a massive ($\gtrsim 4\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) on stellar streams using test particle simulations in a realistic Milky Way potential. We find that Sgr can easily disrupt streams formed more than ∼3 Gyr ago, while stars stripped more recently are generally unaffected. In certain realizations, Sgr is able to produce asymmetry between the leading and trailing tails of Pal 5, qualitatively similar to observations. Using data from the Gaia space telescope and elsewhere, we fit models to the GD-1 stream in the presence of a Sgr with various initial masses. While the best-fitting models do show perturbations resulting from interactions with Sgr, we find that the level of disruption is not significantly greater than in the observed stream. To investigate the general effects of Sgr on a population of streams, we generate 1000 mock streams on GD-1-like orbits with randomized orientations. Some streams show clear evidence of disruption, becoming folded on the sky or developing asymmetry between their two tails. However, many survive unaffected and the peak surface brightness of stars is decreased by no more than ∼0.3 mag arcsec−2 on average. We conclude that Sgr having an initial mass of $\gtrsim 4\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is compatible with the survival and detection of streams formed more than 3 Gyr ago.
No evidence that endohelminth parasites cause selection against hybrid orioles across the Baltimore–Bullock’s Oriole hybrid zone
Authors: Rohwer Vanya G , Callan Lea M , Kinsella John M , Ligon Russell A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Baltimore–Bullock’s Oriole hybrid zone is one of the best-studied avian hybrid zones in North America, yet our understanding of the causes of selection against hybrids remains poor. We examine if endohelminth parasites may cause selection against hybrid orioles but found no evidence for this hypothesis. Of the 139 male orioles we examined, 43 individuals contained endohelminth parasites from at least 1 of these groups: Cestoda, Acanthocephala, or Nematoda. Across the hybrid zone, Baltimore Orioles (Icterus galbula) and Bullock’s Orioles (I. bullockii) differed in their parasite communities, such that Baltimore Orioles frequently contained both Acanthocephala and Cestoda parasites whereas Bullock’s Orioles primarily contained Cestoda parasites. Despite these differences in parasite communities between parental species, the frequency of hybrid orioles with parasites was similar to parentals, suggesting that hybrids were as susceptible to endohelminth parasites as parentals. Using a subset of 99 adult male orioles, we explored how parasites may be associated with the expression of orange carotenoid-based plumage in hybrids and parentals. Associations between carotenoid-based plumage color and parasites were most strongly expressed in Bullock’s Orioles, but patterns were subtle and counterintuitive because individuals with parasites often had more enhanced color measures compared to individuals without parasites. Taken together, these data suggest that endohelminth parasites impose little fitness costs to male orioles on the breeding grounds and likely do not cause selection against hybrids.
Assessing the determinants of smallholder cocoa farmers’ adoption of agronomic practices for climate change adaptation in Ghana
Authors: Yiridomoh Gordon Yenglier , Bonye Samuel Ziem , Derbile Emmanuel K 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the years, cocoa has been the bedrock of the Ghanaian economy and a source of livelihood for most cocoa farming households. Empirical studies have established that cocoa farmers have begun to adopt various agronomic measures for climate change adaptation. However, factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt these agronomic practices to enable successful adaptation to climate change are least investigated. The study aimed at investigating smallholder cocoa farmers’ decisions to adopt agronomic practices for climate change adaptation in Ghana. The study adopted a mixed method approach to research, and involved 259 cocoa farmers. Using the thematic and multivariate probit regression model (MVP) to data analysis, the results revealed that farmers’ decisions to adopt soil conservation, pruning/shade management and planting of new crop varieties are determined by a number of mixed factors including access to agricultural land, access to credit, farmer farm experience and access to extension services. The study recommends the need for the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources together with the traditional authorities and other relevant land sector agencies to develop and implement context-specific and appropriate land-use policy strategies that support access to sustainable land for adoption of climate smart agricultural practices. Again, the study recommends the need for the Ministry of Food and Agriculture to deploy more extension agents into rural cocoa farming communities to take farmers through more pragmatic agronomic practices for climate change adaptation and improves returns in investment in cocoa farming.