bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Deformation of Copper and Its Alloys under the Action of Nanosecond UV Laser Pulse
Authors: Malinskii T. V. , Rogalin V. E. , Yamshchikov V. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of nanosecond UV laser pulses on copper and low-alloy copper samples has been studied. Traces of high-temperature deformation have been found at the energy density of 0.1–1 J/cm2 in the below-threshold regime without obvious traces of melting. They manifest themselves as the results of slipping and cracking along grain boundaries, as well as traces of crystallographic slip inside grains. The surface of the metal in the irradiated zone exhibits an uplift. The damage increases with the number of pulses. The height of the resulting uplift can reach 1 μm, and even more in some cases. The results obtained are similar to the electroplastic and magnetoplastic effects. By analogy, we propose to call the detected effect opticoplastic.
Health policy analysis on barriers and facilitators for better oral health in German care homes: a qualitative study
Authors: Gomez-Rossi Jesus , Schwartzkopff Jondis , Müller Anne , Hertrampf Katrin , Abraham Jens , Gassmann Georg , Schlattmann Peter , Göstemeyer Gerd , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess possible health policy interventions derived from the theoretical domains framework (TDF) by studying barriers and facilitators on the delivery of oral healthcare and oral hygiene in German care homes using a behavioural change framework.DesignQualitative correlational study to evaluate a national intervention programme.SettingPrimary healthcare in two care homes in rural Germany.ParticipantsEleven stakeholders participating in the delivery of oral healthcare (hygiene, treatment) to older people, including two care home managers, four section managers, two nurses/carers and three dentists.InterventionsSemistructured interviews conducted in person in the care homes or by phone. A questionnaire developed along the domains of the TDF and the Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations influencing Behaviours model was used to guide the interviews. Interviews were transcribed and systematised using Mayring’s content analysis along the TDF.Results860 statements were collected. We identified 19 barriers, facilitators and conflicting themes related to capabilities, 34 to opportunities and 24 to motivation. The lack of access to professional dental care was confirmed by all stakeholders as a major limitation hampering better oral health.Primary outcomeA range of interventions can be discussed with the methodology we utilised. In our interviews, lack of dentists willing to treat patients at these facilities was the most discussed barrier for improving oral health of nursing home residents.Secondary outcomesDentists highlighted the need for better incentives and facilities to deliver oral healthcare in these institutions. Differences with urban settings regarding access to healthcare were frequently discussed by our study participants.ConclusionsWithin our sample, greater capacitation of care home staff, better financial incentives for dentists and increased cooperation between the two stakeholders should be considered when designing interventions to tackle oral health of care home residents in Germany.
Development and validation of clinical prediction models for breast cancer incidence and mortality: a protocol for a dual cohort study
Authors: Clift Ashley Kieran , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Dodwell David , Lord Simon , Brady Mike , Petrou Stavros , Collins Gary S. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Risk prediction models may be useful to guide risk-reducing interventions (such as pharmacological agents) in women at increased risk or inform screening strategies for early detection methods such as screening.Methods and analysisThe study will use data for women aged 20–90 years between 2000 and 2020 from QResearch linked at the individual level to hospital episodes, cancer registry and death registry data. It will evaluate a set of modelling approaches to predict the risk of developing breast cancer within the next 10 years, the ‘combined’ risk of developing a breast cancer and then dying from it within 10 years, and the risk of breast cancer mortality within 10 years of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards, competing risks, random survival forest, deep learning and XGBoost models will be explored. Models will be developed on the entire dataset, with ‘apparent’ performance reported, and internal-external cross-validation used to assess performance and geographical and temporal transportability (two 10-year time periods). Random effects meta-analysis will pool discrimination and calibration metric estimates from individual geographical units obtained from internal-external cross-validation. We will then externally validate the models in an independent dataset. Evaluation of performance heterogeneity will be conducted throughout, such as exploring performance across ethnic groups.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the QResearch scientific committee (reference number REC 18/EM/0400: OX129). The results will be written up for submission to peer-reviewed journals.
Pilot cross-sectional study of foreign domestic workers supporting the basic healthcare needs of older persons in the community
Authors: Ang Kim Wai , Koh Yi Ling Eileen , Wang Xue Fei , Yusoff Azizah Mohd , Tan Ai Meng , Poh Xin Yi Cindy , Zhang Ning , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to determine the proportions, level of knowledge, anxiety and confidence of foreign domestic workers (FDWs) who were involved in supporting the healthcare needs of older persons with long-term non-communicable diseases.DesignThe pilot study used a cross-sectional and descriptive design.FDWs who accompanied the older adults attending a primary healthcare setting in Singapore. 100 eligible FDWs’ demographic data, knowledge and confidence level of caregiving in food preparation, medication supervision, exercise, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose (BG) monitoring and anxiety level assessed by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed and presented. Items on confidence were regrouped into two groups of ‘very’ versus ‘no/a little/moderate’. Knowledge scores and caregiving tasks were assessed with items on confidence using Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test, respectively.ResultsThe FDWs were from Indonesia (60%), Philippines (23%) and Myanmar (14%). Their mean age was 33 years with an average of 5.8 years working experience; 62% self-reported previous caregiver training for elderly. The mean age of care-recipients was 81 years. Knowledge of FDWs on BP and BG monitoring was low (<50% answered correctly). Among the 55 FDWs who were required to perform BP monitoring, 45.5% lack confidence. Similarly, 40% of the 30 FDWs were not confident in performing BG monitoring. Those with very high confidence levels had higher knowledge on BP and BG monitoring. Of those who were involved in medication supervision (n=86), 36% lacked confidence. The majority of the FDWs (96%) were not affected by anxiety in managing these healthcare tasks for older persons.ConclusionMore than half of the FDWs supported healthcare needs of older persons but they had inadequate knowledge and lacked confidence in performing the healthcare-related tasks.
Brief assessment of male depression in clinical care: Validation of the Male Depression Risk Scale short form in a cross-sectional study of Australian men
Authors: Herreen Danielle , Rice Simon , Zajac Ian 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a short form of the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22) for use in primary care, examining associations with prototypic depression symptoms, psychological distress and suicidality.DesignCross-sectional study with 8-month follow-up.SettingCommunity-based.ParticipantsA community sample of younger (n=510; 18–64 years) and older (n=439; 65–93 years) men residing in Australia (M age=58.09 years, SD=17.77) participated in the study. A subset of respondents (n=159 younger men; n=169 older men) provided follow-up data approximately eight months later.Primary and secondary outcome measuresQuantitative data were obtained through a survey comprising a range of validated measures, including the MDRS-22, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). The MDRS-22 was refined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in line with best practice guidelines. Analysis of variance and generalised linear models were conducted to explore relationships between variables.ResultsThe short-form MDRS consisted of seven items (MDRS-7) and captured all of the domains in the original tool. Participants with mixed symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and MDRS-7 > 5) had significantly higher risk of mental illness (K10 ≥ 25) and current suicidality (PHQ-9 item 9 ≥ 1) than those with exclusively prototypic symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and MDRS-7 ≤ 5). Furthermore, the MDRS-7 was shown to be effective at predicting elevated symptoms of depression at follow-up, after controlling for previous depression diagnosis.ConclusionsFindings provide preliminary evidence of the potential utility of the MDRS-7 as a screening tool for externalised and male-type symptoms associated with major depression in men. Field trials of the MDRS-7 in primary care settings may facilitate identification of men at risk of suicide and psychological distress who do not meet cut-off scores for existing measures of major depression symptoms.
Barriers and facilitators of successful deprescribing as described by older patients living with frailty, their informal carers and clinicians: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Peat George , Fylan Beth , Marques Iuri , Raynor David K , Breen Liz , Olaniyan Janice , Alldred David Phillip 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the barriers/facilitators to deprescribing in primary care in England from the perspectives of clinicians, patients living with frailty who reside at home, and their informal carers, drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify behavioural components associated with barriers/facilitators of the process.DesignExploratory qualitative study.SettingGeneral practice (primary care) in England.Participants9 patients aged 65+ living with frailty who attended a consultation to reduce or stop a medicine/s. 3 informal carers of patients living with frailty. 14 primary care clinicians including general practitioners, practice pharmacists and advanced nurse practitioners.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews took place with patients living with frailty, their informal carers and clinicians. Patients (n=9) and informal carers (n=3) were interviewed two times: immediately after deprescribing and 5/6 weeks later. Clinicians (n=14) were interviewed once. In total, 38 interviews were undertaken. Framework analysis was applied to manage and analyse the data.Results6 themes associated with facilitators and barriers to deprescribing were generated, respectively, with each supported by between two and three subthemes. Identified facilitators of deprescribing with patients living with frailty included shared decision-making, gradual introduction of the topic, clear communication of the topic to the patient and multidisciplinary working. Identified barriers of deprescribing included consultation constraints, patients' fear of negative consequences and inaccessible terminology and information.ConclusionsThis paper offers timely insight into the barriers and facilitators to deprescribing for patients living with frailty within the context of primary care in England. As deprescribing continues to grow in national and international significance, it is important that future deprescribing interventions acknowledge the current barriers and facilitators and their associated behavioural components experienced by clinicians, patients living with frailty and their informal carers to improve the safety and effectiveness of the process.
Effects of evidence-based ICU care on long-term outcomes of patients with sepsis or septic shock (ILOSS): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational cohort study in Japan
Authors: Liu Keibun , Kotani Toru , Nakamura Kensuke , Chihiro Takai , Morita Yasunari , Ishii Kenzo , Fujizuka Kenji , Yasumura Daisetsu , Taniguchi Daisuke , Hamagami Tomohiro , Shimojo Nobutake , Nitta Masakazu , Hongo Takashi , Akieda Kazuki , Atsuo Maeda , Kaneko Tadashi , Sakuda Yutaka , Andoh Kohkichi , Nagatomi Akiyoshi , Tanaka Yukiko , Irie Yuhei , Kamijo Hiroshi , Hanazawa Manabu , Kasugai Daisuke , Ayaka Matsuoka , Oike Kenji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Takahashi Kunihiko , Katsukawa Hajime , Ogura Takayuki 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSepsis is not only the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU) but also a major risk factor for physical and cognitive impairment and mental disorders, known as postintensive care syndrome (PICS), reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and even mental health disorders in patient families (PICS-family; PICS-F). The ABCDEF bundle is strongly recommended to overcome them, while the association between implementing the bundle and the long-term outcomes is also unknown.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre prospective observational study at 26 ICUs. All consecutive patients between 1 November 2020 and 30 April 2022, who are 18 years old or older and expected to stay in an ICU for more than 48 hours due to sepsis or septic shock, are enrolled. Follow-up to evaluate survival and PICS/ PICS-F will be performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and additionally every 6 months up to 5 years after hospital discharge. Primary outcomes include survival at 12 months, which is the primary outcome, and the incidence of PICS defined as the presence of any physical impairment, cognitive impairment or mental disorders. PICS assessment scores, HRQoL and employment status are evaluated. The association between the implementation rate for the ABCDEF bundle and for each of the individual elements and long-term outcomes will be evaluated. The PICS-F, defined as the presence of mental disorders, and HRQoL of the family is also assessed. Additional analyses with data up to 5 years follow-up are planned.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approvals from Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital (2020-42) and all other participating institutions and was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. Informed consent will be obtained from all patients. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberUMIN000041433.
Mobile intervention to promote correct hand hygiene at key times to prevent COVID-19 in the Swiss adult general population: study protocol of a multiphase optimisation strategy
Authors: Amrein Melanie Alexandra , Ruschetti Gian Giacomo , Baeder Carole , Bamert Melanie , Inauen Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionBehaviour change is key to the public health measures that have been issued in many countries worldwide to contain COVID-19. Public health measures will only take preventive effect if people adhere to them. Interventions taking health psychology approaches may promote adherence to public health measures. However, evidence from randomised controlled behaviour change trials is scarce during an ongoing pandemic. We aim to use the example of hand washing with soap to optimise and test a digital, theory-based and evidence-based behaviour change intervention to prevent the spread of COVID-19.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes the multiphase optimisation strategy for the preparation, optimisation and evaluation of a theory-based and evidence-based intervention delivered via app. The app aims to promote correct hand hygiene at key times in the adult general population. The study will be conducted in German-speaking Switzerland. The preparation phase has identified relevant behavioural determinants of hand hygiene during a pandemic from health behaviour theories and formative research with focus groups (n=8). The optimisation phase will identify the most effective and acceptable combination and sequence of three intervention modules in a parallel randomised trial (n=387) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Additionally, thematic analysis of qualitative interview data (n=15) will be used to gain insights on the feasibility, usability and satisfaction of the intervention. The evaluation phase will test the optimised intervention against an active control group in a randomised controlled trial (n=205), analysing pre-post differences and 6-month follow-up effects with ANOVA and regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Commission Bern of the Swiss Association of Research Ethics Committees (protocol ID: 2021-00164). Final results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04830761.
Identifying actions to foster cross-disciplinary global health research: a mixed-methods qualitative case study of the IMPALA programme on lung health and tuberculosis in Africa
Authors: Ding Yan , Tomeny Ewan M , Bates Imelda 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo identify actions for fostering cross-disciplinary research (CDR) skills and collaborations in global health, and to produce recommendations for improving the design, implementation and management of cross-disciplinary global health research programmes.DesignUsing a North–South global health research programme as a case study—and following an adapted framework—we conducted qualitative research using document reviews, semi-structured interviews (purposive sampling) and participatory observation. We used baseline survey findings to identify potential interviewees and tailor interview guides.SettingOur case study was a 4.5-year (2017–2021) programme, namely, the International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and Tuberculosis in Africa (IMPALA). Led by a UK research institute, IMPALA spanned 22 partner organisations from 13 countries (10 in sub-Saharan Africa), and involved five research discipline groups: clinical science,social science,health systems,health economicsandpolicy/research capacity.ParticipantsThirty-one IMPALA members were interviewed (July 2018–November 2019), with interviewees evenly split by gender (16 female and 15 male) and by Global North/South institution (15 non-African and 16 African). Twenty-five (81%) were researchers, comprising 18 senior researchers (professors, readers, associate professors and senior lecturers) and seven early career researchers (assistant professors, lecturers, research fellows, postdocs, research assistants and PhD students). Twenty-four programme events were observed (September 2018–April 2020) and 49 documents were reviewed (December 2017–April 2020). All 66 IMPALA staff were sent the baseline survey, receiving 51 responses (43/56 researchers and 8/10 non-researchers).ResultsFourteen themes emerged, which suggested that CDR—while valued by many—is not universally understood, and the time it requires is often underestimated. We found that fostering CDR and managing tensions needs planning and continuous discussions and interactions. A shared vision with explicitly agreed goals and roles and active management of cross-disciplinary activities is essential.ConclusionsActive planning, implementation and management of cross-disciplinary activities are essential for the success of cross-disciplinary global health research and should be separate from the primary research activities.
Nurse-led care versus usual care on cardiovascular risk factors for patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Zheng Xutong , Ma Danyan , Liu Changqin , Ding Yulan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectsThis study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led cares on cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of nurse-led care for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) published in English from inception to 23 December 2021. Random effects models were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95%CI.Results13 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of3757 participants. Considering baseline measurements, pooled analysis showed that nurse-led care significantly decreased the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (WMD=−0.68 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.85 to –0.52; p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD=−0.54 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.97 to –0.11; p=0.01) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD=−1.17 mmHg; 95% CI: −2.11 to –0.22; p=0.02) for patients with T2DM. But there was no difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (WMD=−2.50 mg/dL ; 95% CI: −5.07 to 0.08; p=0.06) between the nurse-led and control groups.ConclusionNurse-led care is an effective and accessible intervention that could improve HbA1c, SBP, BMI levels among individuals with T2DM.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021248275.
Protocol for the IMPART study: IMplementation of the preterm birth surveillance PAthway – a RealisT evaluation
Authors: Carlisle Naomi , Dalkin Sonia Michelle , Shennan Andrew H , Sandall Jane 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionNew guidance, from NHS England (Saving Babies Lives Care Bundle Version 2 Element 5 (SBLCBv2)) has recommended a best practice pathway for women at risk of preterm birth (the Preterm Birth Pathway). This is to help meet the Department of Health’s aim to reduce preterm birth from 8% to 6% by 2025. Considering most hospitals do not currently have a preterm prevention clinic, implementing this pathway will require significant coordination.Methods and analysisThe study will aim to investigate key features of contexts, mechanisms and outcomes, and their interactions in the implementation of the asymptomatic prediction and prevention components of the SBLCBv2 Preterm Birth Surveillance Pathway. This will be through a theory driven realist evaluation, utilising mixed methods (interviews with staff and women, observational analysis and analysing routinely collected hospital and admin data) in three case sites in England. The study has a Project Advisory Group composed of five women who have recently given birth.Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethical approval (King’s College London REC approval number: MRSP-20/21-20955, and, IRAS:289144). A dissemination plan will be fully created with the Project Advisory Group, and we anticipate this will include presenting at conferences, publications, webinars, alongside dissemination to the wider population through parent and baby groups, the media and charities.Trial registration numberISRCTN57127874.