bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbitrage, contract design, and market structure in Bitcoin futures markets
Authors: De Blasis Riccardo , Webb Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerpetual futures, first proposed by Shiller (1993), have only seen wide use in cryptocurrency markets. We examine the contract design and market microstructure differences for the behavior of Bitcoin quarterly and perpetual futures prices and assess the implications for market participants and policymakers. We find perpetual futures exhibit multiple “u‐shaped” curves, seasonal effects, and opening effects despite lacking opening and closing hours. There is suggestive evidence of spillover effects between perpetual and quarterly futures contracts. We find quarterly futures offer cash‐and‐carry arbitrage opportunities, but similar to Hattori and Ishida (2021) these opportunities primarily exist during market dislocations.
Finding the right words: Articulating the value of mental health promotion. A focus group study
Authors: Cresswell‐Smith Johanna , Mäkikärki Nonni , Appelqvist‐Schmidlechner Kaija , Wahlbeck Kristian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Lapinlahti Hospital initiative in Helsinki has transformed a disused psychiatric hospital into an open site for mental health promotion. The current study uses qualitative methods to explore how the initiative may promote population mental health. The phenomenological study comprised of data from 7 focus group including 28 participants. Resulting data were thematically analysed to articulate how the initiative supports mental wellbeing in different ways. Mental health benefits were categorized into three themes; mental health value, civil values and common values which were comprised of nine subthemes; paradigm shift, social inclusion, personal meaning, regeneration, ambience, stigma, sustainability, democracy and environment. Mental health promotion emphasises the impact of daily environments in which people live their lives. Results from this study support the use of broad based actions which promote different components of mental wellbeing simultaneously. Psychiatric hospitals may offer historically meaningful sites for such actions.
Prospects of microbial polysaccharides‐based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications
Authors: Qamar Sarmad Ahmad , Riasat Areej , Jahangeer Muhammad , Fatima Rameen , Bilal Muhammad , Iqbal Hafiz M. N. , Mu Bo‐Zhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross‐linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad‐scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
Stage‐specific differential expression of zinc transporter SLC30A and SLC39A family proteins during prostate tumorigenesis
Authors: Prasad Ram R. , Raina Komal , Mishra Neha , Tomar Munendra S. , Kumar Robin , Palmer Amy E. , Maroni Paul , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression uniquely modify the prostate milieu to aid unrestrained cell proliferation. One salient modification is the loss of the ability of prostate epithelial cells to accumulate high concentrations of zinc; however, molecular alterations associated with loss of zinc accumulating capability in malignant prostate cells remain poorly understood. Herein, we assessed the stage‐specific expression of zinc transporters (ZNTs) belonging to the ZNT (SLC30A) and Zrt‐ and Irt‐like protein (ZIP) (SLC39A) solute‐carrier family in the prostate tissues of different genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of PCa (TMPRSS2‐ERG.Ptenflox/flox, Hi‐Myc+/−, and transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate), their age‐matched wild‐type controls, and 104 prostate core biopsies from human patients with different pathological lesions. Employing immunohistochemistry, differences in the levels of protein expression and spatial distribution of ZNT were evaluated as a function of the tumor stage. Results indicated that the expression of zinc importers (ZIP1, ZIP2, and ZIP3), which function to sequester zinc from circulation and prostatic fluid, was low to negligible in the membranes of the malignant prostate cells in both GEMM and human prostate tissues. Regarding zinc exporters (ZNT1, ZNT2, ZNT9, and ZNT10) that export excess zinc into the extracellular spaces or intracellular organelles, their expression was low in normal prostate glands of mice and humans; however, it was significantly upregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma lesions in GEMM and PCa patients. Together, our findings provide new insights into altered expression of ZNTs during the progression of PCa and indicate that changes in zinc homeostasis could possibly be an early‐initiation event during prostate tumorigenesis and a likely prevention/intervention target.
Feasibility of isodose‐shaped scintillation detectors for the measurement of gamma knife output factors
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Yang Hye Jeong , Jeong Jae Young , Schaarschmidt Thomas , Kim Yong Kyun , Chung Hyun‐Tai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeScintillation detectors were 3D printed based on a gamma knife (GK) dose distribution to calculate the volume averaging effect. The collimator output factors were measured using isodose‐shaped scintillators (ISSs) and compared with those of a micro‐diamond detector and previous reports.MethodsAn absorbed dose distribution in a spherical dosimetry phantom with a radius of 8 cm was obtained from GK treatment planning software (Leksell GammaPlan [LGP], Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Two types of ISSs were fabricated to fit the 97.2% (ISS‐1) and 95.6% (ISS‐2) isodose surfaces. The volume averaging correction factors were obtained by dividing the absorbed dose to water in the central voxel (CV) by that in the ISS. The correction effect due to the difference between the ISS and water was calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. Ten ISS detectors, five of each type, were used to measure the output factors of the 4‐ and 8‐mm collimators of a GK Icon to assess system consistency. The output factors of seven GKs were measured using two ISS detectors, one of each type, and a PTW T60019 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) micro‐diamond detector.ResultsThe detector output ratios (DORs) measured using the five ISSs of each type were consistent, with standard uncertainties less than 0.2%. In the 4‐mm field, the volume averaging correction factor ratios were 1.018 and 1.026, and the output factors after all corrections were 0.827 (0.006) and 0.825 (0.006) for ISS‐1 and ISS‐2, respectively. In the 8‐mm field, the volume averaging correction factor ratios were 1.000 for both ISS types, and the output factors were 0.898 (0.003) and 0.900 (0.003) for ISS‐1 and ISS‐2, respectively. The ISS detectors could measure the output factors of a GK with uncertainties comparable to that of the PTW 60019 detector. The output factors of all detectors decreased with the dose rate.ConclusionThe volume averaging effect of an ISS developed in‐house could be calculated using known dose distributions. The collimator output factors of the GK Perfexion/Icon models measured using ISS detectors were consistent with those of a commercial synthetic micro‐diamond detector and recent studies.
Lessons from a quarter century of being human in protein science
Authors: Jaswal Sheila S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past quarter century, my engagement with the protein society has allowed me to witness first‐hand the evolution of our deepening understanding of the complexity of protein folding landscapes. During my own evolution as a protein scientist, my passion for protein folding has deepened into an obsession with mapping and decoding the thermodynamic and kinetic secrets of protein landscapes—especially those of rebel proteins, whose “nontraditional” behavior has challenged our paradigms and inspired the expansion of our models and methods. It is perhaps not surprising that I see parallels in the evolution of the landscape framework and in the development of our own trajectories as humans in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Just as with proteins, however, we need to recognize that our individual human landscapes are not isolated from our local departmental and institutional communities, and are integrated into the larger networks of our STEM disciplines, academia, industry, and/or government, not to mention society. My experience with hundreds of participants in the Being Human in STEM (HSTEM) initiative that Amherst College undergraduates and I co‐founded in 2016 has helped me find hope for STEM and humanity. If we commit to reconciling our identities as scientists with our responsibilities as human beings, together we can accelerate the evolution of individual, community, and societal landscapes to contribute to addressing the dire challenges facing our planet.
Ductal and acinar components of mixed prostatic adenocarcinoma frequently have a common clonal origin
Authors: Lindh Claes , Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Bergström Rebecka , Chellappa Venkatesh , Yaxley John , Lindberg Johan , Egevad Lars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuctal adenocarcinoma (DA) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer. It is most commonly seen in mixed tumors together with conventional acinar adenocarcinoma (AA). The genetic profile of DA and its clonal origin is not fully characterized.ObjectiveTo investigate whether DA represents a distinct genetic subtype and to investigate the somatic relationship between the ductal and acinar components of mixed cancers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn 17 radical prostatectomy specimens ductal and acinar tumor components from the same tumor foci were dissected. DNA was extracted and genomic sequencing performed. After exclusion of two cases with low cell yield, 15 paired samples remained for analysis.ResultsIn 12 of 15 cases a common somatic denominator was identified, while three cases had clonally separate components. In DA, TMPRSS2‐ERG gene fusions were detected in 47% (7/15), clonal FOXA1 alterations in 33% (5/15) and SPOP alterations in 27% (4/15) of cases. In one case KIAA1549−BRAF fusion was identified. Genome doubling events, resulting in an increased ploidy, were identified in the DA in 53% (8/15) of cases, but not seen in any AA. PTEN and CTNNB1 alterations were enriched in DA (6/15) but not seen in any AA. No cancers showed microsatellite instability or high tumor mutation burden.ConclusionsDuctal and acinar prostate adenocarcinoma components of mixed tumors most often share the same origin and are clonally related. DA components in mixed tumor often exhibit genome doubling events resulting in aneuploidy, consistent with the aggressive nature of high grade prostate cancer.
Using National Data to Explore Online and Offline Reading Comprehension Processes
Authors: Neugebauer Sabina Rak , Han Insook , Fujimoto Ken A. , Ellis Emmaline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the common and growing use of and instruction on digital reading in schools, the ways in which reading comprehension may operate differently in paper and online environments are still underexplored. Using publicly available national datasets, we explore similarities and differences in how varied comprehension processes relate to each other in these spaces. Analyses using a Bayesian unidimensional graded response model found that paper‐based reading performance involved hierarchical comprehension processes consistent with traditional theories of reading comprehension while digital hypermedia reading did not involve these same processes. This research provides usable knowledge for supporting researchers, and teachers in uncovering the unique educational benefits and challenges of online reading.
Learning by doing and corporate diversification
Authors: Ryu Wonsang , McCann Brian T. , Wan William P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how learning‐by‐doing (LBD) rates in manufacturing, the extent to which performance depends on own production experience, are associated with firms' diversification decisions. We argue that the LBD rates of industries affect the characteristics of not only the first‐order knowledge that firms generate via operating a particular process but also the second‐order knowledge that firms develop about the learning process itself. We maintain that first‐order knowledge generated via LBD has low transferability; accordingly, firms are less likely to diversify as their industries exhibit higher rates of LBD. We also argue that second‐order knowledge about LBD affects the locus of diversification; specifically, firms are more likely to choose target industries with similar LBD rates. Hypotheses are tested using data from over 350 U.S. manufacturing industries.Managerial SummaryWe investigate how manufacturing firms' diversification decisions differ depending on the LBD rates of their industries. LBD rates reflect the extent to which production performance depends on own production experience. Consistent with our argument that production knowledge generated from LBD is difficult to transfer to new contexts, results indicate that firms in high‐LBD industries are less likely to diversify than those in low‐LBD industries. We also argue, however, that firms in high‐LBD industries can develop general know‐how to accelerate LBD and that this know‐how is applicable in other high‐LBD manufacturing contexts. Therefore, they prefer to enter other high‐LBD industries to leverage that know‐how. Our results show that firms are more likely to choose diversification into industries with similar LBD rates.
Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt
Authors: El-baz Rana , Said Heba Shehta , Abdelmegeed Eman Salama , Barwa Rasha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a multifaceted microbe since some are commensals, normally inhabiting the gut of both humans and animals while others are pathogenic responsible for a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. It is one of the leading causes of septicemia, neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, pyelonephritis, and traveler’s diarrhea. The present study aims to survey the distribution and unravel the association of phylotypes, virulence determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Egypt. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence determinants, and virulence encoding genes were detected. Moreover, phylogenetic and molecular typing using ERIC-PCR analysis was performed. Our results have revealed that phylogroup B2 (26.67%) with the greatest content in virulence traits was the most prevalent phylogenetic group. Different virulence profiles and varying incidence of virulence determinants were detected among tested isolates. High rates of resistance to different categories of antimicrobial agents, dramatic increase of MDR (92.67%), and emergence of XDR (4%) were detected. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed great diversity among tested isolates. There was no clustering of isolates according to resistance, virulence patterns, or phylotypes. Our research has demonstrated significant phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. E. coli isolates are equipped with various virulence factors which contribute to their pathogenesis in human. The elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of MDR and XDR mirror the trend detected globally in recent years.

Key points
• Clinical E. coli isolates exhibited substantial molecular and phylogenetic diversity.
• Elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR in pathogenic E. coli.
• B2 Phylogroup with the highest VS was the most prevalent among pathogenic E. coli.
ALPS, FAS, and beyond: from inborn errors of immunity to acquired immunodeficiencies
Authors: Consonni Filippo , Gambineri Eleonora , Favre Claudio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a primary immune regulatory disorder characterized by benign or malignant lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Classically, ALPS is due to mutations inFASand other related genes; however, recent research revealed that other genes could be responsible for similar clinical features. Therefore, ALPS classification and diagnostic criteria have changed over time, and several ALPS-like disorders have been recently identified. Moreover, mutations inFASoften show an incomplete penetrance, and certain genotypes have been associated to a dominant or recessive inheritance pattern.FASmutations may also be acquired or could become pathogenic when associated to variants in other genes, delineating a possible digenic type of inheritance. Intriguingly, variants inFASand increased TCR αβ double-negative T cells (DNTs, a hallmark of ALPS) have been identified in multifactorial autoimmune diseases, while FAS itself could play a potential role in carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that alterations of FAS-mediated apoptosis could trespass the universe of inborn errors of immunity and that somatic mutations leading to ALPS could only be the tip of the iceberg of acquired immunodeficiencies.
Assessing the influence of sea surface temperature and arctic sea ice cover on the uncertainty in the boreal winter future climate projections
Authors: Cheung Ho-Nam , Keenlyside Noel , Koenigk Torben , Yang Shuting , Tian Tian , Xu Zhiqing , Gao Yongqi , Ogawa Fumiaki , Omrani Nour-Eddine , Qiao Shaobo , Zhou Wen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the uncertainty (i.e., inter-model spread) in future projections of the boreal winter climate, based on the forced response of ten models from the CMIP5 following the RCP8.5 scenario. The uncertainty in the forced response of sea level pressure (SLP) is large in the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Arctic. A major part of these uncertainties (31%) is marked by a pattern with a center in the northeastern Pacific and a dipole over the northeastern Atlantic that we label as the Pacific–Atlantic SLP uncertainty pattern (PA∆SLP). The PA∆SLP is associated with distinct global sea surface temperature (SST) and Arctic sea ice cover (SIC) perturbation patterns. To better understand the nature of the PA∆SLP, these SST and SIC perturbation patterns are prescribed in experiments with two atmospheric models (AGCMs): CAM4 and IFS. The AGCM responses suggest that the SST uncertainty contributes to the North Pacific SLP uncertainty in CMIP5 models, through tropical–midlatitude interactions and a forced Rossby wavetrain. The North Atlantic SLP uncertainty in CMIP5 models is better explained by the combined effect of SST and SIC uncertainties, partly related to a Rossby wavetrain from the Pacific and air-sea interaction over the North Atlantic. Major discrepancies between the CMIP5 and AGCM forced responses over northern high-latitudes and continental regions are indicative of uncertainties arising from the AGCMs. We analyze the possible dynamic mechanisms of these responses, and discuss the limitations of this work.
Imperial entomology: Boris P. Uvarov and locusts, c.1920–c.1950
Authors: Worboys Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I explore how the twin forces of imperial and entomological power allowed Britain to shape locust research and control across Africa, the Middle East and South Asia from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Imperial power came from the size of the formal and informal empire, and alliances with other colonial powers to tackle a common threat to agriculture and trade. Entomological authority came primarily from the work of Boris Uvarov and his small team of museum and fieldworkers based at the Imperial Bureau of Entomology (IBE), later the Imperial Institute of Entomology (IIE). I begin by discussing how Uvarov's phase theory of the origin of swarming changed the prospects for the control of locust plagues. The imperial gaze and networks of the IBE and IIE were suited to a problem that was transnational and transcontinental. In the 1930s, Britain was drawn into plans for international cooperation on locust organizations that met the needs of science, to give better sharing of knowledge, and the needs for science, to secure the resources for research and control. However, such organizations were only created during the Second World War, when new plagues threatened military operations, as I show in relation to the measures taken to control the red locust and desert locust. In the final section, I follow the fate of the wartime cooperation in initiatives to establish permanent control organizations. It is a story of the decline of British political power in locust affairs as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and regional agencies took over. My account of British locust research and control reveals a neglected aspect of histories of entomology and imperial/colonial science, especially their international relations and the continuing importance of metropolitan research centres.
The ‘theory of the unity of all classes and races against foreign capital’ in Malaya: Socialism, communalism, and uneven development in the thought of James Puthucheary
Authors: Brophy Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on the writings of James Puthucheary in the late 1950s and early 1960s, this article seeks to highlight Puthucheary's contribution to debates within the Malayan Left on the national question. It will highlight Puthucheary's situating of the Malayan Left within a wider transnational flow of nationalist, anti-imperialist, and socialist thought, as well as his attempt—through his own Marxist-influenced assessment of the Malayan situation—to answer the political problem of the relationship between socialist politics and nationalism in Malaya. In doing so the article will highlight the way in which Puthucheary's own position on questions of education and language policy placed him in opposition to dominant trends within the Malayan Communist Party and the left-wing of the People's Action Party, provided a theorizing of the need for nation-building within Malayan socialism, and contributed towards a socialist politics which placed emphasis upon economic development and cultural nation-building from the perspective of the Malay peasantry. The article finally goes on to explore Puthucheary's subsequent disengagement from politics in the early 1960s and the growing limitations of a socialist politics of nation-building in Malaya, which led Puthucheary and others on the Left to contribute towards a programme of nation-building within existing institutions and parties in the 1960s and 1970s.