bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel alleviates lithium‐induced alterations in the thyroid gland of rats by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: El‐Din Wael Amin Nasr , Fadel Raouf , Rashid Aisha , Al‐Mahameed Ali E. , Othman Manal A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium carbonate (LC) is known to alter thyroid gland function. Pomegranate (PG) is a fruit with multiple antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Here, we studied the effect of PG on LC‐induced morphological and functional alterations in the thyroid glands of rats. Rats were divided into four groups: control, lithium, lithium‐PG, and PG. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, the levels of thyroid hormones and oxidative stress markers were estimated, and thyroid tissues were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations. Compared to the control group, the lithium group showed significant changes in thyroid hormone levels, greater expression of the oxidant marker malondialdehyde, and lower expression of the antioxidant marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). Most of these changes improved upon PG treatment. Histological evaluation of the thyroid in the lithium group showed disorganization and follicle involution. Additionally, the periodic acid Schiff staining intensity and SOD immunoreactivity declined significantly, whereas the collagen fiber content and Bax immunoreactivity increased. The follicular ultrastructure showed marked distortion. These changes were mitigated upon PG treatment. In conclusion, PG alleviated the morphological and functional changes in the thyroid glands induced by LC by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress.
What scholars and IRBs talk when they talk about the Belmont principles in crowd work‐based research
Authors: Xia Huichuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow scholars and IRBs perceive and apply the Belmont principles in crowd work‐based research was an open and largely neglected question. As crowd work becomes increasingly popular for scholars to implement research and collect data, such negligence, signaling a lack of attention to the ethical issues in crowd work‐based research more broadly, seemed alarming. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study with 32 scholars and IRB directors/analysts in the United States to inquire into their perceptions and applications of the Belmont principles in crowd work‐based research. We found two dilemmas in applying the Belmont principles in crowd work‐based research, namely the dilemma between the dehumanization and expected autonomy of crowd workers, and the dilemma between the monetary incentive/reputationall risks and the conventional notion of research benefits/risks. We also compared the scholars' and IRBs' ethical perspectives and proposed our research implications for future work.
Application of Poly(ether sulfone)‐Based Membranes in Clean Energy Technology
Authors: Shi Dingqing , Li Chunyang , Yin Yanbin , Lu Wenjing , Li Guojun , Li Xianfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPoly(ether sulfone) (PES) is a kind of polymer materials with excellent electrical insulation and acid/alkali stability. PES can be operated at high temperature continuously for a long time and still maintain excellent property stability in the environments with rapidly changed temperature, namely, great thermostability. Moreover, PES has low molding shrinkage, good dimensional stability and excellent film‐forming characteristics. Compared with inorganic membranes, PES‐based membranes have lower cost, which have received more attention and wide recognition in the field of clean energy technologies in recent years, such as flow batteries, fuel cells, water treatment, and gas separation. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status and prospect of the utilization of PES‐based membranes in clean energy fields, in order to further promote their development and application.
Fully probabilistic control for uncertain nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Zafar Ana , Herzallah Randa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a novel probabilistic framework for stochastic nonlinear and uncertain control problems. The proposed framework exploits the Kullback–Leibler divergence to measure the divergence between the distribution of the closed‐loop behavior of a dynamical system and a predefined ideal distribution. To facilitate the derivation of the analytic solution of the randomized controllers for nonlinear systems, transformation methods are applied such that the dynamics of the controlled system becomes affine in the state and control input. Additionally, knowledge of uncertainty is taken into consideration in the derivation of the randomized controller. The derived analytic solution of the randomized controller is shown to be obtained from a generalized state‐dependent Riccati solution that takes into consideration the state‐ and control‐dependent functional uncertainty of the controlled system. The proposed framework is demonstrated on an inverted pendulum on a cart problem, and the results are obtained.
A Bayesian homogeneity test for comparing Poisson populations
Authors: Girón Francisco Javier , Martel–Escobar María , Vázquez–Polo Francisco–José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a wide class of daily applications in industrial quality control, there may be interest in comparing several Poisson means. A large catalogue of frequentist procedures for this hypothesis testing problem is available. However, some common drawbacks of them are their low power, interpretation of the ‐values for multiple comparison, among many others. In this paper, we present a unified Bayesian approach to the problem based on a model selection approach developed using a product partition clustering model. The posterior probabilities for models obtained are derived directly from the associated Bayes factors which are calculated by considering a simple hierarchical prior structure which has a quasi–closed form, easily computed by numerical procedures. This approach constitutes a readily implementable alternative to frequentist multiple testing procedures where uncertainty concerning all possible “types of homogeneity” is ignored. The proposed methodology allows for an intuitive interpretation based directly on posterior probabilities of the partitions involved in the testing problem. We illustrate its performance with three real data sets.
Identity for scalar‐valued functions of tensors and its applications to energy–momentum tensors in classical field theories and gravity
Authors: Struckmeier Jürgen , van de Venn Armin , Vasak David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe prove a theorem on scalar‐valued functions of tensors, where “scalar” refers to absolute scalars as well as relative scalars of weight w. The present work thereby generalizes an identity referred to earlier by Rosenfeld in his publication “On the energy–momentum tensor”. The theorem provides a (1,1)‐tensor identity which can be regarded as the tensor analogue of the identity following from Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions. The remarkably simple identity is independent of any internal symmetries of the constituent tensors, providing a powerful tool for deriving relations between field‐theoretical expressions and physical quantities. We apply the identity especially for analyzing the metric and canonical energy–momentum tensors of matter and gravity and the relation between them. Moreover, we present a generalized Einstein field equation for the arbitrary version of vacuum space–time dynamics—including torsion and non‐metricity. The identity allows to formulate an equivalent representation of this equation. Thereby the conjecture of a zero‐energy universe is confirmed.
Cost‐Effective Vat Orange 3‐Derived Organic Cathodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Ling , Xing Fangfang , Lin Qiting , Waqas Ahsan , Wang Xiujuan , Baumgartner Thomas , He Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. Vat orange 3 (VO3, 4,10‐dibromoanthanthrone) is a highly cost‐effective organic dye containing two conjugated carbonyl groups, which can reversibly accept two electrons. The skeleton also contains two bromine atoms, which allows easy incorporation of the anthanthrone unit into polymers through simple reactions. In this work, we report the preparation of organic cathodes derived from the low‐costVO3dye for lithium‐organic batteries (LOBs). The results show that polymericVO3‐based materials exhibit remarkably high cyclability and rate performance, because of their effective suppression of dissolution. In particular, the sulfide polymer poly(anthanthrone sulfide) (PATS) shows an initial large‐current (0.2 A g−1) discharge capacity of 133 mAh g−1at a potential near 2.4 V. The capacity reaches a maximum capacity of 147 mAh g−1after 24 cycles and is maintained at 132 mAh g−1after 300 cycles. Moreover, a full battery cell with the structure:PATScathode||graphite anode, further delivers an impressive electrochemical performance with an energy density up to 237 Wh kg−1along with an output voltage of 2.3 V. The present study initiates the use ofVO3‐based organics, which show promising potential for future application in LOBs on a large scale.
Developmental exposure to the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate, causes long‐lasting neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunction
Authors: Hawkey Andrew B. , Evans Janequia , Holloway Zade R. , Pippen Erica , Jarrett Olivia , Kenou Bruny , Slotkin Theodore A. , Seidler Frederic J. , Levin Edward D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman exposures to organophosphate flame retardants result from their use as additives in numerous consumer products. These agents are replacements for brominated flame retardants but have not yet faced similar scrutiny for developmental neurotoxicity. We examined a representative organophosphate flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and its potential effects on behavioral development and dopaminergic function.MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats were given low doses of TPP (16 or 32 mg kg−1 day−1) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, begun preconception and continued into the early postnatal period. Offspring were administered a battery of behavioral tests from adolescence into adulthood, and littermates were used to evaluate dopaminergic synaptic function.ResultsOffspring with TPP exposures showed increased latency to begin eating in the novelty‐suppressed feeding test, impaired object recognition memory, impaired choice accuracy in the visual signal detection test, and sex‐selective effects on locomotor activity in adolescence (males) but not adulthood. Male, but not female, offspring showed marked increases in dopamine utilization in the striatum, evidenced by an increase in the ratio of the primary dopamine metabolite (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) relative to dopamine levels.ConclusionsThese results indicate that TPP has adverse effects that are similar in some respects to those of organophosphate pesticides, which were restricted because of their developmental neurotoxicity.
High‐throughput detection of craniofacial defects in fluorescent zebrafish
Authors: Everson Joshua L. , Tseng Yung‐Chia , Eberhart Johann K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLosses and malformations of cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) derivatives are a hallmark of several common brain and face malformations. Nevertheless, the etiology of these cNCC defects remains unknown for many cases, suggesting a complex basis involving interactions between genetic and/or environmental factors. However, the sheer number of possible factors (thousands of genes and hundreds of thousands of toxicants) has hindered identification of specific interactions. Here, we develop a high‐throughput analysis that will enable faster identification of multifactorial interactions in the genesis of craniofacial defects. Zebrafish embryos expressing a fluorescent marker of cNCCs (fli1:EGFP) were exposed to a pathway inhibitor standard or environmental toxicant, and resulting changes in fluorescence were measured in high‐throughput using a fluorescent microplate reader to approximate cNCC losses. Embryos exposed to the environmental Hedgehog pathway inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor standard, or alcohol (ethanol) exhibited reduced fli1:EGFP fluorescence at one day post fertilization, which corresponded with craniofacial defects at five days post fertilization. Combining PBO and alcohol in a co‐exposure paradigm synergistically reduced fluorescence, demonstrating a multifactorial interaction. Using pathway reporter transgenics, we show that the plate reader assay is sensitive at detecting alterations in Hedgehog signaling, a critical regulator of craniofacial development. We go on to demonstrate that this technique readily detects defects in other important cell types, namely neurons. Together, these findings demonstrate this novel in vivo platform can predict developmental abnormalities and multifactorial interactions in high‐throughput.
What determines the quality of carbon reporting? A system‐oriented theories and corporate governance perspective
Authors: Houqe Muhammad Nurul , Khan Habib Zaman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study examines the determinants of the quality of carbon reporting (QCR) by top listed firms of a developed country. Using a sample of the top 50 listed firms of New Zealand (NZ) sampled over a period of 6 years (2015–2020), the study measured QCR index using 14‐items and analysed the data using regression analysis. The study finds that external factors, namely, carbon regulation (Emission Trading Scheme—ETS law), use of a standardised reporting format for non‐financial reporting (Global Reporting Initiative, GRI) template, and environmental and social (E&S) performance, all positively influence the QCR. The study also finds that corporate governance attributes namely board diversity (women's representation on the board) and board size positively influence the QCR. Lastly, the study finds that top firms in NZ have many areas of improvement in reporting quality carbon information. The study is the first empirical research on QCR from NZ firms that evidences multiple institutional factors and governance elements as key explanatory factors driving towards making carbon reporting credible and reliable.
Evaluating potential overuse of surveillance care in cancer survivors
Authors: Sheng Jennifer Y. , Snyder Claire F. , Smith Katherine C. , DeSanto Jennifer , Mayonado Nancy , Rall Susan , White Sharon , Blackford Amanda L. , Johnston Fabian M. , Joyner Robert L. , Mischtschuk Joan , Peairs Kimberly S. , Thorner Elissa , Tran Phuoc T. , Wolff Antonio C. , Choi Youngjee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvivorship care plans (SCPs) communicate cancer‐related information from oncology providers to patients and primary care providers. SCPs may limit overuse testing by specifying necessary follow‐up care. From a randomized, controlled trial of SCP delivery, we examined whether cancer‐related tests not specified in SCPs, but conducted after SCP receipt, were appropriate or consistent with overuse.MethodsSurvivors of breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer treated at urban‐academic or rural‐community health systems were randomized to one of three SCP delivery arms. Tests during 18 months after SCP receipt were classified as consistent with overuse if they were (1) not included in SCPs and (2) on a guideline‐based predetermined list of “not recommended surveillance.” After chart abstraction, physicians performed review and adjudication of potential overuse. Descriptive analyses were conducted of tests consistent with overuse. Negative binomial regression models determined if testing consistent with overuse differed across study arms.ResultsAmong 316 patients (137 breast, 67 colorectal, 112 prostate), 140 individual tests were identified as potential overuse. Upon review, 98 were deemed to be consistent with overuse: 78 tumor markers and 20 imaging tests. The majority of overuse testing was breast cancer‐related (95%). Across sites, 27 patients (9%) received ≥1 test consistent with overuse; most were breast cancer patients (22/27). Exploratory analyses of overuse test frequency by study arm showed no significant difference.ConclusionsThis analysis identified practice patterns consistent with overuse of surveillance testing and can inform efforts to improve guideline‐concordant care. Future interventions may include individual practice patterns and provider education.
Exploring male childhood sexual abuse survivors' experiences of specialist counselling services
Authors: Viliardos Laura , McAndrew Sue , Murphy Neil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal estimates suggest 5% to 10% of men report experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). However, male CSA is significantly underreported, with men being reluctant to disclose due to vulnerability, stigmatisation, homophobic responses and fearing a loss of masculinity. A lack of research and service provision targeted towards men suggests male survivors of CSA are marginalised. This qualitative study, using a narrative approach, focussed on four adult male survivors of CSA. The aim of the study was to explore their experiences of engaging in counselling and support services for CSA from nonstatutory and voluntary organisations. Face‐to‐face narrative interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was undertaken using a two‐phase approach; first, each narrative was analysed as a whole; second, an across‐transcripts analysis was carried out to identify shared themes and divergences that emerged from the individual stories. In this paper, findings from the second phase of the analysis are presented. Three themes regarding male survivors' experiences of specialist counselling services were identified: “Trust Me, I'm a Doctor,” “Trust me, I'm a Counsellor” and “Counsellor or Mother?” This is the first academic study focussing specifically on men's experience of support for CSA in the UK from a service user perspective. Making an original contribution to the knowledge base regarding counselling experiences and the effectiveness of therapy for male CSA survivors, it will help to inform professional counselling services which are likely to come into contact with male survivors of CSA.
A comparison of health behaviours in male adolescents with and without offending histories referred for adolescent health services in Turkey
Authors: Ayaz Nusret , Karatoprak Serdar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOffending and incarceration are important societal problems that might be reduced by improving early intervention. Most prior work identifying risk factors has focussed on early oppositional or aggressive behaviours and environmental problems. Among adults, it is well recognised that offenders have much poorer health than the wider population. This raises questions about whether behaviours that put health at risk while a teenager may also be good markers of subsequent offending.AimsTo examine the relationship between risky health behaviours and delinquency by comparing male teenage offenders with a history of incarceration and male teenagers with no criminal involvement.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 66 male 12–18‐year‐old offenders with an incarceration history who were referred for evaluation to the Forensic Medicine Polyclinic in 2021 were compared with 74 similar aged adolescents without a criminal record but attending another clinic in the same hospital, using the Risky Health Behaviour Scale (RHBS). This covers dietary, road safety and sexual behaviours as well as exercise, substance use and violent behaviours. Negative items were reverse scored so that higher scores indicated more pro‐health activities.ResultsTotal RHBS scores were significantly lower among the offender‐group than the comparison teenagers (Means 93.19 ± 17.00: 107.20 ± 10.83; p ≤ 0.001). This reflected significant differences in each of the subscale scores except dietary and risky sexual behaviour. Only substance use behaviours, however, were independently related to offender group membership, as was family socio‐economic status.ConclusionsOur findings add indications of risky health‐related behaviours to the already extensive literature on risky social behaviours in the history of young offenders. It is possible that focussing on young offenders referred to a health service, albeit one primarily directed at mental health, has exaggerated such differences, but if substantiated in larger and more diverse samples, these findings may open new avenues for early identification of young people at risk of offending and commensurate early interventions. Focus on substance use by young people seems especially important, but low family socio‐economic status needs remedies too.
Bilateral ‘kissing’ molars: A case report
Authors: Aslam‐Pervez Bilal , Carr Emma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract‘Kissing molars’, were described by Van Hoof in 1973 as when the occlusal surfaces of impacted molars are united by the same follicular space and the roots point in the opposite direction. There are very few published cases in the literature, and it is an extremely rare form of impaction.
Landscape and clinical impact of NOTCH mutations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Han Haohao , Yao Yifang , Wang Hong , Zhou Meng , Zhang Ziyan , Xu Xiaoyan , Qi Jiaqian , Liu Yuejun , Wu Depei , Han Yue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNOTCH mutations (NOTCHmut) are recognized as major oncogenic drivers associated with controversial clinical impact on T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), whereas their clinical value on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly defined.MethodsA study involving 878 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with AML was undertaken in an institution with available clinical data to unravel the impact of NOTCHmut on prognosis.ResultsIn the study, NOTCHmut were discovered in 3.6% (32/878) of included patients with AML and composed substitution‐missense, frameshift mutation, substitution‐nonsense, and insertion‐in frame. These mutations were more commonly associated with low platelet (29 vs 42 × 109/L, p = .024) count and coexisted with BCOR/BCORL1 (15.6% vs 3.2%, p = .001), DNMT3A (28.1% vs 12.5%, p = .021), and MPL (9.4% vs 0.8%, p = .004) mutations compared with NOTCH wild‐type (NOTCHwt). No significant difference was observed in treatment responses between NOTCHmut and NOTCHwt. The presence of NOTCHmut was associated with worse overall survival ([OS], 1 year‐OS: 68.0% vs 84.2%; 3 year‐OS: 48.3% vs 59.6%; p = .059) and relapse‐free survival ([RFS], 1 year‐RFS: 78.3% vs 85.4%; 3 year‐RFS: 54.5% vs 76.9%; p = .018), especially within the European Leukemia Net 2017 intermediate‐risk group. Furthermore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might abrogate the dismal impact of NOTCHmut on RFS. In multivariate analysis, NOTCHmut were found to be an independent factor negatively influencing RFS (hazard ratio, 2.153; 95% CI, 1.166‐3.975; p = .014).ConclusionThis study suggests that NOTCHmut may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis of AML.Plain language summary

Although NOTCH mutations (NOTCHmut) are well studied in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), less is known about their incidence and prognostic implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

A total of 878 newly diagnosed patients with AML was retrospectively analyzed; it was found that the frequency of NOTCHmut was relatively low but was associated with an adverse prognosis.