bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“SpezPat”- common advance directives versus disease-centred advance directives: a randomised controlled pilot study on the impact in physicians’ understanding of patients’ end-of- life decisions
Authors: Koenig Julia Felicitas Leni , Asendorf Thomas , Simon Alfred , Bleckmann Annalen , Truemper Lorenz , Wulf Gerald , Overbeck Tobias R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The advance directive holds patients’ health care choices and fosters the patients’ autonomy. Nevertheless, understanding the patients’ wishes based on the information provided in advance directives, remains a challenge for health care providers. Based on the ethical premises of positive obligation to autonomy, an advanced directive that is disease-centred and features problems and complications of the disease the patient has, should help the health care providers to understand the patients’ wishes correctly. To test this hypothesis, a pilot-study was conducted to compare if physicians could make the correct end-of-life decision for their patients when patients used a disease-centred advance directive versus a common advance directive.Material and Methods: A randomised, controlled, prospective pilot study was designed, that included patients with NSCLC stage VI from the Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre, Goettingen. Patients were randomised into intervention and control groups. The control group received a common advance directive and the intervention group a disease-centred advance directive. Both groups filled out their advance directives and returned it. Subsequent, patients were asked to complete nine medical scenarios with different treatment decisions. For each scenario the patients had to decide whether they wanted to receive treatment on a 5-point-Likert scale. Four physicians were given the same scenarios and asked to decide on the treatment, according to the patients’ wishes as stated in the advance directive. The answers by patients and physicians were compared whether the physicians had made the correct assumptions.Results: Recruitment was stopped prematurely. 15 patients completed the study, 9 patients were randomised into the control group and 6 patients in the intervention group. A total of 135 decisions were evaluated. Concordance of physicians’ and patient’s answers, was 0.83 (95%-CI 0.71-0.91) in the intervention group, compared to 0.60 (95%-CI 0.48-0.70) in the control group and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.005).Conclusions: This pilot study showed that disease-centred advance directives help physicians to understand their patients’ wishes more precisely and make treatment choices according to their wishes. Trial registration: The study is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (no. DRKS00017580, registration date 27/08/2019)
Revealing The Nexus Between Tourism Development And CO2 Emissions In Asia: Does Asymmetry Matter?
Authors: Wangzhou Kaixin , Wen Julie Jie , Wang Zheng , Wang Huamin , Hao Chunbo , Andlib Zubaria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Asia is one of the fastest-growing regions in international tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions around the globe. However, the relationships between tourism and CO2 emissions are little and unclearly identified. The purpose of the study is to explore the dynamic link between tourism and CO2 emissions in a panel of five high emitters Asian countries covering the period of 1995-2019 by panel-NARDL-AMG. The empirical results reveal that a positive shock in tourism arrivals promotes CO2 emissions, while a negative shock also increases CO2 emissions. Tourism receipts are expected to maintain the robustness of CO2 emissions in long run in Asian economies. The authorities should develop and design green international tourism activities in the Asian economies.
Profile of 208 Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity at a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Bhattad Sagar , Mohite Rachna Shanbhag , Ramprakash Stalin , Commondoor Raghuram , Kotecha Udhaya , Rayabarapu Pranavchand , Jayaram Ananthvikas , Ginigeri Chetan , Kumar Harish , Unni Jeeson , Cyril Gladys , Kumar Suresh , Pachat Divya , Jakka Shrinivas , Jhawar Prerna , Makam Adinarayana , Porta Fulvio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Primary immune deficiencies better known as Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that predispose affected individuals to infections, allergy, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and malignancies.. Inborn Errors of Immunity are increasingly being recognized in the Indian subcontinent. Two hundred and eight patients diagnosed with an IEI during February 2017 to November 2021 at a tertiary care centre in South India were included in the study. The clinical features, laboratory findings including microbiologic and genetic data, treatment & outcome details were analyzed. The diagnosis of IEI was confirmed in a total of 208 patients (198 kindreds) based on relevant immunological tests and/or genetic tests. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The most common IEI in our cohort was SCID (17.7%) followed by CGD (12.9%) and CVID (9.1%). We also had a significant proportion of patients with DOCK8 deficiency (7.2%), LAD (6.2%), and six patients (2.8%) with autoinflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity was noted in forty-six (22%) patients during the course of their illness. Molecular testing was performed in 152 patients by exome sequencing on NGS platform and a genetic variant was reported in 132 cases. Twenty-nine children underwent 34 HSCT, and 135 patients remain on supportive therapy such as immunoglobulin replacement and/or antimicrobial prophylaxis. Fifty-nine (28.3%) patients died during the study period and infections were the predominant cause of mortality. Seven families underwent prenatal testing in the subsequent pregnancy. We describe the profile of 208 patients with IEI and to the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest data on IEI from the Indian subcontinent reported so far.
Degradation of 2-chlorophenol From Aqueous Solution by Soybean Residue Biochar Supported Sulfide-modified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Activated Persulfate
Authors: Xie Ronghuan , Wang Mu , Song Junjie , Li Weiping , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, soybean biochar supported sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (BC@S-nZVI) was synthesized and used to activate persulfate (PS) for degrading 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the degradation effects under different conditions, including initial mass ratios among 2-CP, PS, and BC@S-nZVI, initial pH values, temperature, and anions. The results showed that the mass ratio of PS to 2-CP equaling 70 and the mass ratio of BC@S-nZVI to PS equaling 0.4 were the optimum mass ratios in the degradation system. The degradation efficiency of 2-CP was higher under acidic and alkaline conditions than the neutral condition, and the effect was best at the pH of 3, meanwhile, it increased with the increase of temperature. Moreover, the degradation rates were restrained with the addition of Cl−, NO3− and CO32−. The degradation process of 2-CP in BC@S-nZVI/PS system could be better described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model than a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and SO4∙− was the predominant free radical under acidic conditions. The experimental results showed that it was promising to remove 2-CP from groundwater by PS activated with BC@S-nZVI.
Antagonistic activity of wild growing mushrooms against various fungal rice pathogen.
Authors: Baseri Nurkhalida Mohd , Anuar Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel , Shamsuhazli Nur Alia Syamimi , Zulkifli Mohd Amirul Faiz , Wasoh Helmi , Yusof Mohd Termizi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paddy is an important crop in Malaysia. There are various pathogens able to infect paddy causing a loss in yield’s production. In this study, dual culture method, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis and non-volatile compound analysis were used to assess the ability of mushroom to control fungal rice pathogens including Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris panici-miliacei and Nigrospora sp. Four mushroom isolates were further analysed for their antagonistic activity against rice pathogen. The highest percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) was recorded between 45.55–73.68% observed in isolate 42b. The 4 isolates with the highest PIRG based on the dual culture analysis were then tested for their production of VOCs and non-volatile compound. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis of the 4 mushroom isolates revealed their identity as Coprinellus disseminates (isolate 12b), Marasmiellus palmivorus (isolate 42b), Trametes maxima (isolate 56e), and Lentinus sajor-caju (isolate 60a). This study showed that mushroom isolates have the potential of antagonistic effect on various fungal rice pathogens tested by the production of secondary metabolites and mycoparasitic interaction.
Enantioselective Synthesis, Computational Molecular Docking and Invitro Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin-Based Derivatives
Authors: Afzal Zakia , Rashid Naghmana , Nadeem Humaira , Khan Arifullah , Ashraf zaman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Warfarin containing coumarin ring system possesses excellent anticoagulant activity in its enantiomeric form (S). The present work designed to synthesize warfarin based derivatives enantioselectivily to explore their anticoagulant potential. The substituted chalcones were reacted with 4-OH coumarin in presence of chiral catalyst 9-amino-9-deoxyepiquinine to afford warfarin based analogues 5a-5k. The structures of synthesized compounds 5a-5k were confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR,13CNMR and EIMS data. The enantioselectivity has been assured by determining the enantiomeric excess (ee) in chiral HPLC which exhibited 16-99%ee. The invitro anticoagulant activity of synthesized compounds 5a-5k was evaluated by plasma recalcification time (PRT) method and it was found that most of the derivatives showed good anticoagulant activity specifically compound 5b exhibited excellent results compared to warfarin. The compound 5b displayed IC50 value 249.88µM better than standard warfarin (IC50 408.70µM). The molecular docking studies has been performed against vitamin K epoxide reductase with PDBID 3kp9. The synthesized compounds binds well in active binding site of target enzyme. The derivative 5b showed pi-stacking interactions with amino acid phenylalanine (PHE A 114).The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds has also been performed and results showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Based upon our results it is proposed derivative 5b may act as lead compound to design more potent anticoagulant derivatives.
Predicting Perinatal Mortality Based on Maternal Health Status and Health Insurance Service using Homogeneous Ensemble Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Bogale Dawit S , Abuhay Tesfamariam M , Dejene Belayneh E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Perinatal mortality in Ethiopia is the highest in Africa, with 68 per 1000 pregnancies intrapartum deaths (death during the delivery). It is mainly associated with home delivery, which contributes for more than 75% of perinatal deaths. Financial constraints have a significant impact on timely access to maternal health (MH) care. Financial incentives, such as health insurance, can address the demand- and supply-side factors. This study, hence, aims to predict perinatal mortality based on maternal health status and health insurance service using homogeneous ensemble machine learning methods
Methods
The data was collected from Ethiopian demographic health survey from 2011 to 2019 G.C. The data were pre-processed to get quality data that are suitable for a homogenous ensemble machine-learning algorithm to develop a model that predicts perinatal mortality.
Results
For constructing the proposed model, three experiments were conducted using random forest, gradient boosting, and cat boost algorithms. The overall accuracy of random forest, gradient boosting, and cat boost with 17 features is 89.95%, 90.24%, and 82%, respectively.
Conclusions
We finally concluded that perinatal mortality over time in Ethiopia is decreasing. We found out that perinatal mortality in Ethiopia is associated with risk factors such as community-based health insurance, mother's educational level, residence, mother age, wealth status, distance to the health facility, preterm, smoke cigarette, anemia level, haemoglobin level, and marital status.
Deuterium separation under ambient conditions by spatial confinement between Pd nanoparticles and benzene skeleton
Authors: Fu Jingru , Das Saikat , Zhang Xiqi , Wang Ying , Xiao Hongyan , Ben Teng , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deuterium with high purity can be widely used in non-radioactive isotope tracking, neutron scattering and nuclear fusion. Current approaches for deuterium separation with Pd membrane and quantum sieving-based nanoporous materials are performed at high temperature (673 K) and ultralow temperature (30 K), respectively, both requiring high energy consumption but possessing low separation efficiency. However, efficient separation of deuterium under ambient conditions is still a remaining challenge. Here, we efficiently extract high-purity deuterium from an isotopic mixture under ambient conditions via spatial confinement between Pd nanoparticles and benzene skeleton, and reducing activation energy of the reaction. In-situ FT-IR results confirm that Pd nanoparticles (ca. 1.1 nm) in crystalline porous organic framework (CPOF-1) can chemically adsorb deuterium at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the spatial confinement effect reduces the reaction activation energy, and leads to Pd-deuterium reaction at room temperature. This study provides a new concept for deuterium separation with low energy consumption, low cost and high efficiency, and we envision that it could be of great significance in practical applications.
Valorization of Rice Straw for Optimization of Production of Thermotolerant Cellulase by Parageobacillus Thermoglucosidasius NBCB1 Under Submerged Fermentation
Authors: Basak Arijita , Murmu Nensina , Gavande Parmeshwar Vitthal , Ghosh Shilpi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice straw can be a substrate for production of cellulolytic enzymes, a vital step in economical deconstruction of cellulosic biomass in industry. We herein report the optimization of cellulase production by the thermotolerant Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NBCB1, in rice straw based submerged fermentation. Optimization of process parameters by One Factor At a Time (OFAT) suggested Day 3, medium pH 5.5, 1% (v/v) sorbitol, 1% (v/v) peptone and a cultivation temperature of 60°C as the optimal conditions for cellulase production. Further optimization of effective variables: incubation period, medium pH, sorbitol and peptone concentrations, by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) improved cellulase yield to 3.106 ± 0.005EU and 3.488 ± 0.004 EU/mg protein, respectively, which were closer to model diagnosed values. OFAT, RSM and ANN improved cellulase production by ~ 6.66, ~ 9.34 and ~ 10 folds, respectively, compared with enzyme production in unoptimized medium, indicating the later two being equally effective in the maximization of cellulase production. Purified cellulase (MW 31 kDa) with pH and temperature optima of 5.5 and 60°C, respectively, retained 100% activity upon pre-incubation at 60°C indicating it’s thermostability. It also showed halotolerance and heavy metal tolerance properties. Due to it’s versatile nature, the cellulase produced by P. thermoglucosidasius NBCB1 could be suitable for industrial degradation of agroresidues.
The role of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio on Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy diagnosis and disease activity
Authors: hong zhenmei , xia ping , zhang shuijing , Gong Binfei , wang yanbo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity, and as such reliable biomarkers help to identify and measure disease activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) in CIDP diagnosis and disease activity classification. Method: This retrospective study involved 36 patients with CIDP and 36 healthy controls (HC). The CIDP patients were grouped into 23 active CIDP patients and 13 with long-lasting remission. Hematological parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) , and LMR were compared between the CIDP patients and HCs. Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlations between LMR and other indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the role of LMR in the diagnosis of CIDP.Results: The CIDP patients showed lower LMR compared to HCs (P<0.05), and active disease patients showed lower LMR levels compared to the remission group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between LMR and Hb (Hemoglobin), RBC (Red blood cells), and A/G (Albumin/globulin ratio), whereas LMR was negatively correlated with NLR, PLR, RDW (Red cell distribution width) (P<0.05). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for LMR in the diagnosis of CIDP was 0.807 (95% CI=0.705-0.908) with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.78 and 75%, and the AUC (95% CI) for the combination of ESR, A/G and LMR was 0.885 (0.809- 0.961) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.56% and 77.48% respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that LMR may be an important inflammatory marker for recognizing CIDP and assessing disease activity.
Diketopiperazines, promising anti-adhesion metabolites of Glycomyces sediminimaris against dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Heidarian Sheida , Almasi Faezeh , Mohammadipanah Fatemeh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oral biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans as a critical and the predominant causative agent of several dental and physiologic disorders needs to be tackled. Investigating anti-biofilm compounds from marine Actinobacteria as a source of natural product for blocking the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans was conducted. Anti-adhesion activity of Actinobacterial extracts was investigated through crystal violet assay. Herein, the extract of Glycomyces sediminimaris UTMC 2460 (DSM 103727) prevented the adhesion potency of S. mutans up to 95.1% at 100 𝜇g/mL. The Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) production and cell hydrophobicity index of the strain was restrained up to 66% and 30%, respectively. The extract showed metabolism suppression up to 20% in S. mutans even in the biofilm state at the effective biofilm inhibition concentration (100 𝜇g/mL). Metabolic profiling of Glycomyces sediminimaris revealed the presence of anti-biofilm diketopiperazines compounds as major components of the extract. The current finding postulate that the metabolic profile of marine Glycomyces sediminimaris includes biocompounds that can be evaluated in further studies as an anti-biofilm of S.mutans which has not been previously reported.
Fission and Fusion Solutions to the (2+1)-Dimensional Generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt Equation Arising in Fluid Mechanics and Plasma Physics
Authors: ma hongcai , Gao Yidan , Deng Aiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fission and fusion are common phenomena in nature, they usually occur in physical and biological fields. In this paper, we will give new constraint to obtain fission and fusion solutions which have the shape of the letter Y . In combination with velocity resonance method, mode resonance method and long-wave limit method, we construct the interaction solutions of y-type molecules with soliton molecules, breather molecules and lump molecules respectively. We also obtain a novel solution containing a mixture of lump molecules, breather molecules and y-type molecules. At the same time, we analyze the dynamic behaviors of these interaction solutions and give the problems waiting to be solved.
Variations in the aluminum fractions within soils associated with different tea varieties (Camellia sinensis L.): Insights at the aggregate scale
Authors: Yang Jia , Zheng Zicheng , Li Tingxuan , Ye Daihua , Wang Yongdong , Huang Huagang , Yu Haiying , Liu Tao , Xizhou Zhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Soil aggregates play an important role in the transformation of aluminum (Al) fractions, but little is known about the changes in Al fractions based on the aggregates in soils of different tea varieties.
Methods
The distribution of Al fractions in aggregates collected from soils planted with four tea varieties (C. sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ (FD), Chuancha No. 3 (CC3), Chuanmu No. 217 (CM217) and Chuannong Huangyazao (CN)) was investigated by continuous extraction method.
Results
Results showed significant differences in the distributions of Al fractions among the soils, which were related to the changes in soil aggregate compositions and the aggregate-associated Al fractions. The FD soil had the highest Or-Al concentration, which was related to its high proportion of > 5 mm aggregates and the high Or-Al concentration in the > 5 mm aggregates. The CC3 soil had the highest concentrations of total aluminum (T-Al), water-soluble aluminum (Ws-Al) and exchangeable aluminum (Ex-Al), and the accumulation of T-Al, Ws-Al and Ex-Al depended on the highest concentrations of T-Al, Ws-Al and Ex-Al in the > 5 mm and < 0.25 mm aggregates among the four soils. Therefore, the formation of aggregates and the high Al preservation capacity of the aggregates determined the high Al concentrations of the FD and CC3 soils.
Conclusions
This study helps elucidate the mechanisms of Al sequestration, and provides evidence for developing appropriate management plans to prevent an increase in Al concentrations in the soils of CC3 and FD by adjusting the soil aggregate composition and the Al concentration of aggregates.
A spatio-temporally constrained gene regulatory network directed by PBX1/2 acquires limb patterning specificity via HAND2
Authors: Losa Marta , Barozzi Iros , Osterwalder Marco , Zarrineh Peyman , Benazet Jean Denis , Chacon Brandon , Girdziusaite Ausra , Morabito Angela , Zhu Jianjian , Mackem Susan , Capellini Terence , Bobola Nicoletta , Dickel Diane , Zuniga Aimée , Visel Axel , Zeller Rolf , Selleri Licia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A lingering question in developmental biology has centered on how PBX TALE transcription factors, viewed primarily as HOX co-factors, can confer functional specificity to spatially-restricted HOX proteins despite being ubiquitously distributed in vertebrate embryos. Here, using the murine hindlimb as a model, we investigate the elusive mechanisms whereby PBX homeoproteins themselves attain tissue-specific developmental functions. We first demonstrate that mesenchymal-specific loss of PBX1/2 or the transcriptional regulator HAND2 generates similar limb phenotypes. By combining tissue-specific and temporally-controlled mutagenesis with multi-omics approaches, we then reconstruct a GRN at organismal-level resolution that is collaboratively directed by PBX1/2 and HAND2 within subsets of posterior-proximal hindlimb mesenchymal cells. Genome-wide profiling of PBX1 binding across multiple embryonic tissues further reveals that HAND2 selects a subset of PBX-bound regions to impart limb patterning functionality. Our research elucidates fundamental principles by which promiscuous transcription factors cooperate with select cofactors to instruct distinct developmental programs.