bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Rectal Cancer and Construction of a Prognostic Prediction Model Based on Bayesian Network
Authors: Li Ruikai , Zhang Chi , Du Kunli , Dan Hanjun , Ding Ruxin , Cai Zhiqiang , Duan Lili , Xie Zhenyu , Zheng Gaozan , Wu Hongze , Ren Guangming , Dou Xinyu , Feng Fan , Zheng Jianyong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe existing prognostic models of rectal cancer after radical resection ignored the relationships among prognostic factors and their mutual effects on prognosis. Thus, a new modeling method is required to remedy this defect. The present study aimed to construct a new prognostic prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN), a machine learning tool for data mining, clinical decision-making, and prognostic prediction.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2017, the clinical data of 705 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection were analyzed. The entire cohort was divided into training and testing datasets. A new prognostic prediction model based on BN was constructed and compared with a nomogram.ResultsA univariate analysis showed that age, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), preoperative chemotherapy, macropathology type, tumor size, differentiation status, T stage, N stage, vascular invasion, KRAS mutation, and postoperative chemotherapy were associated with overall survival (OS) of the training dataset. Based on the above-mentioned variables, a 3-year OS prognostic prediction BN model of the training dataset was constructed using the Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes method. In addition, age, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, differentiation status, T stage, N stage, KRAS mutation, and postoperative chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors of the training dataset through multivariate Cox regression and were used to construct a nomogram. Then, based on the testing dataset, the two models were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of the BN model and nomogram was 80.11 and 74.23%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study established a BN model for prognostic prediction of rectal cancer for the first time, which was demonstrated to be more accurate than a nomogram.
Awareness and Use of HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Remains Low in Spain 2 Years After Its Authorization
Authors: Guerras Juan-Miguel , Hoyos Juan , de la Fuente Luis , Donat Marta , Pulido José , Sordo Luis , García de Olalla Patricia , Belza María-José 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesHIV self-testing has been available in Spain since 2017 as a diagnostic tool to promote earlier diagnosis. We aimed to assess awareness and previous use of HIV self-testing in a sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited online more than 2 years after its legal authorization in Spain.MethodsWe analyzed 5,492 MSM recruited between May and July 2020 in gay dating apps/websites and other social networks. We estimated the proportion of participants who were aware of the existence of HIV self-testing and the proportion who reported previous use. To identify factors associated with both outcomes we built two Poisson regression models. Among those who reported previous use we described several aspects related to their last self-test.ResultsAwareness of HIV self-test was reported by 29.7% and its previous use by 5% of participants. Awareness was independently associated with recruitment in gay dating apps/websites, being ≥40 years old, born in Spain-other European countries, having higher educational level, living in medium-small municipalities and living sex life openly. Independent associations were also found with having received a sexually transmitted infection diagnosis (STI) or an HIV negative test in the last 12 months, and being HIV positive. Use was significantly higher among participants who were paid for sex or diagnosed with an STI in the last 12 months and who received their last HIV test in the preceding year. Self-testing occurred recently, with kits acquired at pharmacies and carried out alone.ConclusionAwareness and use probably have not increased sufficiently in order to make a relevant impact to the promotion of early HIV diagnosis. Additional efforts, mainly focused on less favored MSM, should be made to take better advantage of the possibilities offered by this testing option.
Associations of Musical Activities and Positive Affect With Fear of Childbirth: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Liu Shidi , Jin Yi , Li Hongmei , Zeng Tingting , Zhou Ge , Yu Lili , Fan Yao , Lei Xun 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFear of childbirth is a prevalent issue among women, with a wide range of interventions to dispel it. Here we explored a novel and beneficial intervention and one possible influence mechanism of it.MethodsThe cross-sectional study recruited 1,053 pregnant women from one tertiary-grade A class hospital between March to August 2021. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, a self-made musical activities questionnaire, the Positive affect subscale, and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire. We parceled the eight musical activities into three items by item parceling methodology. The associations of musical activities and positive affect with fear of childbirth were evaluated by a structural equation modeling approach.ResultsOur analyses demonstrated the effectiveness of musical activities, which was notably correlated with the increase in positive affect (β = 0.309, P &lt; 0.01). On the contrary, positive affect predicted a decrease in fear of childbirth (β = −0.085, P = 0.019). Additionally, positive affect mediated the effect of musical activities on fear of childbirth (β = −0.026, P = 0.030). However, the direct effect of musical activities on fear of childbirth was not found (β = 0.029, P = 0.514).ConclusionsRelying on musical activities alone may not be adequate to alleviate the fear of childbirth, and positive affect played a pivotal role between musical activities and fear of childbirth. The results showed that musical activities would be an effective non-pharmaceutical way to alleviate the fear of childbirth and positive affect can not be ignorant in future childbirth fear reduction programs.
A Chess and Card Room-Induced COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Agent-Based Simulation in Yangzhou, China
Authors: Shen Shijing , Li Wenning , Wei Hua , Zhao Lin , Ye Runze , Ma Ke , Xiao Peng , Jia Na , Zhou Jieping , Cui Xiaoming , Gong Jianhua , Cao Wuchun 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak that resurged in Yangzhou and to simulate the impact of different control measures at different regional scales.MethodsWe collected personal information from 570 laboratory-confirmed cases in Yangzhou from 28 July to 26 August 2021, and built a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model and an agent-based model.ResultsThe SEIR model showed that for passengers from medium-high risk areas, pre-travel nucleic acid testing within 3 days could limit the total number of infected people in Yangzhou to 50; among elderly persons, a 60% increase in vaccination rates could reduce the estimated infections by 253. The agent-based model showed that when the population density of the chess and card room dropped by 40%, the number of infected people would decrease by 54 within 7 days. A ventilation increase in the chess and card room from 25 to 50% could reduce the total number of infections by 33 within 7 days; increasing the ventilation from 25 to 75% could reduce the total number of infections by 63 within 7 days.ConclusionsThe SEIR model and agent-based model were used to simulate the impact of different control measures at different regional scales successfully. It is possible to provide references for epidemic prevention and control work.
Ditching the Driving: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Determinants of Remote Work From Home for Sign Language Interpreters
Authors: Roman Gretchen , Samar Vincent , Ossip Deborah , McKee Michael , Barnett Steven , Yousefi-Nooraie Reza 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically impacted the working conditions for sign language interpreters, shifting the provision of interpreting services from onsite to remote. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the perceptions of determinants of remote interpreting implementation from home by sign language interpreters during the pandemic. We hypothesized that interpreters working across the primary settings of staff (agency, government, business, or hospital employees), educational (K-12 or postsecondary), community/freelance (independent contractor), video remote (the two-way connection between onsite participants and remote interpreter), and video relay (three-way telecommunication) would present with differing experiences of the implementation process.MethodsThe Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire was adapted for sign language interpreters (DIBQ-SLI) and administered to certified interpreters working remotely at least 10 h per week. The DIBQ-SLI included eight constructs (knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, innovation characteristics, organizational resources and support, innovation strategies, and social support) and 30 items. Parametric statistics assessed differences in interpreters' perceptions across settings. Principal component analysis was conducted for data reduction and affirmation of the most critical constructs and items.ResultsOne hundred and six interpreters (37 video relay, 27 video remote, 18 educational, 11 community/freelance, 11 staff interpreters, and two from “other” settings) completed the DIBQ-SLI. The video relay and staff interpreters consistently demonstrated the most favorable and the educational interpreters demonstrated the least favorable perceptions. Of the total variance, 58.8% of interpreters' perceptions was explained by organizational (41%), individual (10.7%), and social (7.1%) dimensions. There were significant differences across settings for the organizational and individual principal components; however, no differences were detected for the social principal component.ConclusionsAn administrative infrastructure devoted to ensuring that interpreters receive sufficient managerial support, training, materials and resources, experience with remote interpreting before having to commit, and insights based on the results of their remote work (organizational principal component) may be necessary for improving perceptions. Remote interpreting is expected to continue after the pandemic ends; thus, settings with the least favorable ratings across behavior constructs may borrow strategies from settings with the most favorable ratings to help promote perceptions of the contextual determinants of future remote interpreting implementation.
Investigation of the Differences in Onset Times for Magnetically Conjugate Magnetometers
Authors: Weygand James M. , Zesta Eftyhia , Kadokura Akira , Oliveira Denny M. 
Published: June 2022

We have identified nearly 1,000 onsets using two pairs of hemispheric conjugate ground magnetometers where the onset is defined based on a sharp decline in the H component of the magnetic field at a ground magnetometer station. Specifically, we used the pair of stations at West Antarctica Ice Sheet Divide and Sanikiluaq, Canada; Syowa, Antarctica; and Tjörnes, Iceland. While the onset time in the southern hemisphere is identified by eye, the value of the differences in the onset time between the northern and southern hemispheres is determined using cross covariance. We observe differences in the onset time between the two hemispheres as large as several minutes, but 53% of the events show no difference in the onset time. Using statistics, we show that the largest differences in onset time are associated with the summer and winter seasons and when the IMF By value is limited between 0.5 and 2.5 nT, which is the IMF By range when the local time difference between the northern and southern hemisphere foot points is the smallest. The results indicate that ionospheric conductivity associated with solar illumination plays a role in the differences in onset time between the northern and southern hemisphere when only non-zero differences in onset time are considered. We validate these results with two other less robust methods. The median value of the differences in onset time indicates that the onsets occur ∼23 s earlier in the winter hemisphere than that in the summer hemisphere. It has been reported that the time difference between the start of the substorm in the magnetotail and the observed auroral break up (substorm auroral onset) in the ionosphere is 30 s to 2 min in the current disruption model and the near earth neutral line model, respectively. Our results may be of interest to those two models.
Plasma Imaging, LOcal Measurement, and Tomographic Experiment (PILOT): A Mission Concept for Transformational Multi-Scale Observations of Mass and Energy Flow Dynamics in Earth’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Malaspina David , Ergun Robert , Goldstein Jerry , Spittler Constance , Andersson Laila , Borovsky Joseph , Chu Xiangning , De Moudt Lauren , Gallagher Dennis , Jordanova Vania , Lejosne Solène , Link Jason , Maruyama Naomi , Parker Jeffery , Thaller Scott , Unruh Bryce , Walsh Brian 
Published: June 2022

We currently do not understand the fundamental physical processes that govern mass and energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Knowledge of these processes is critical to understanding the mass loss rate of Earth’s atmosphere, as well as for determining the role that a planetary magnetic field plays in atmospheric retention, and therefore habitability, for Earth-like planets beyond the solar system. Mass and energy flow processes are challenging to determine at Earth in part because Earth’s planetary magnetic field creates a complex “system of systems” composed of interdependent plasma populations and overlapping spatial regions that perpetually exchange mass and energy across a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. Further, the primary mass carrier in the magnetosphere is cold plasma (as cold as ∼0.1 eV), which is invisible to many space-borne instruments that operate in the inner magnetosphere. The Plasma Imaging LOcal and Tomographic experiment (PILOT) mission concept, described here, provides the transformational multi-scale observations required to answer fundamental open questions about mass and energy flow dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere. PILOT uses a constellation of spacecraft to make radio tomographic, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements simultaneously, fully capturing cold plasma mass dynamics and its impact on magnetospheric systems over an unprecedented range of spatial and temporal scales. This article details the scientific motivation for the PILOT mission concept as well as a potential mission implementation.
Correlation Between Poor Defecation Habits and Postoperative Hemorrhoid Recurrence
Authors: Li Qing , Ghoorun Roshan Ara , Li Li , Zhang Heng , Zhang Dan , Qian Haihua , Ren Dong-Lin , Su Dan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between hemorrhoid recurrence and poor defecation habits is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of poor defecation habits on postoperative hemorrhoid recurrence.Materials and MethodWe performed a retrospective study on 1,162 consecutive patients who underwent a surgical procedure for hemorrhoids at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from December 2016 to May 2020. All patients were followed for 12 months post-operatively. Patients were monitored for disease recurrence. Patient defecation habits were assessed using an obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) score.ResultsPatients with a score of 0–4 had a mild defecation disorder, 5–8 a moderate defecation disorder, and 9 or more ODS. Of the 1,162 patients, 1,144 (98.45%) had a mild defecation disorder, 13 (1.12%) had a moderate defecation disorder, and 9 (0.43%) had ODS. Older patients were significantly more likely to have worse defecation habits (P &lt; 0.001). A higher ODS score correlated with a higher maximum anal squeeze pressure (P = 0.07) and a more severe inability for the anus to relax during simulated evacuation (P = 0.002). The maximum rectum threshold was also found to be the highest in ODS patients (P = 0.010). The proportion of Procedure for prolapsing hemorrhoids (PPH) was the highest in the moderate defecation disorder group (53.85), followed by the ODS group (40.00) and the mild defecation disorder group (P = 0.023). Recurrence occurred in 5.51% of patients in the mild defecation disorder group, 38.46% of the moderate defecation disorder group, and 60% of the ODS group (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed a higher ODS score (P &lt; 0.001) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Furthermore, patients who occasionally exercised (P = 0.01) and patients who exercised regularly (P = 0.021) were less likely to have a recurrence.ConclusionPatients with unresolved defecation disorders are more likely to have their hemorrhoids recur and are unlikely to be satisfied with surgical management.
Current Progress and Future Perspectives on the Use of Bacillus clausii
Authors: Ghelardi Emilia , Abreu y Abreu Ana Teresa , Marzet Christian Boggio , Álvarez Calatayud Guillermo , Perez Marcos , Moschione Castro Ana Paula 
Published: June 2022

Bacillus clausii is a probiotic that benefits human health. Its key characteristics include the ability to form spores; the resulting tolerance to heat, acid, and salt ensures safe passage through the human gastrointestinal tract with no loss of cells. Although B. clausii has been widely used for many decades, the beneficial properties of other probiotics, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., are better disseminated in the literature. In this review, we summarize the physiological, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties of probiotic B. clausii strains. We also describe findings from studies that have investigated B. clausii probiotics from the perspective of quality and safety. We highlight innovative properties based on biochemical investigations of non-probiotic strains of B. clausii, revealing that B. clausii may have further health benefits in other therapeutic areas.
Evaluasi Kapasitas Kolam Retensi Cieunteung Sebagai Upaya Mereduksi Banjir Baleendah, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Fitriani Asri Annisa , Pratiwi Vitta 
Published: June 2022

Banjir di Baleendah, Kabupaten Bandung disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya daerah yang berada di topografi cekung, curah hujan tinggi dan penyempitan badan sungai, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya pengendalian. Kolam retensi Cieunteung sebagai bangunan pengendali banjir dengan volume sebesar 235.092,04 mÂ³ berfungsi sebagai tampungan sementara untuk mengurangi debit banjir di kawasan ini nyatanya masih belum berfungsi secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting di lokasi penelitian dalam hal ini sungai-sungai yang berpengaruh di sekitar lokasi penelitian dan efektivitas kolam retensi Cieunteung sebagai bangunan pengendali banjir. Pada penelitian, analisis hidrologi menggunakan data curah hujan periode 15 tahun, guna mendapatkan debit banjir rencana dengan berbagai periode ulang. Analisis debit banjir rencana menggunakan metode HSS Nakayasu, Snyder dan SCS-USA. Analisis hidrolika menggunakan software HEC-RAS 5.0.7 untuk memodelkan berbagai skenario alternatif penanganan banjir.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis, efektivitas kolam retensi Cieunteung sebesar 30,18% dan mampu mereduksi banjir 11,89%. Direkomendasikan alternatif penanganan banjir yaitu Skenario 2 (kolam retensi tambahan dan normalisasi dasar sungai) untuk Sungai Cigado dengan % reduksi 62,62%. Skenario 3 (normalisasi dasar sungai, tanggul sungai dan kolam retensi baru) untuk Sungai Cisangkuy dengan % reduksi 19,51%. Skenario 2 (normalisasi dasar dan tanggul sungai) untuk Sungai Citarum dengan % reduksi 0,0012%.
Network Analysis of Traditional Word of Mouth
Authors: Alexandrov Aliosha , Tippins Michael , Sen Sandipan 
Published: June 2022

Network analysis of Word of Mouth (WOM) examines how customers exchange opinions within their social networks. Compared to standard survey questions, which typically measure the likelihood to recommend, the network approach provides more metrics (e.g., average path length, clustering coefficient, density, average degree) that can be used to diagnose customer chatter. Unfortunately, traditional WOM has not benefitted from network analysis, which usually is applied to online WOM due to the availability of stored data. Despite the pervasiveness of online WOM, however, recent commercial reports reveal that traditional WOM still surpasses online WOM by a large margin. Traditional WOM also is perceived as more trustworthy and persuasive than online WOM. Considering the strong standing of traditional WOM and the advances in network analysis due to online WOM, this study fills a gap by demonstrating how a network analysis can be applied to traditional WOM. Network analysis is more demanding on the researcher and the respondents, but as the study illustrates, it also is more diagnostic than a standard survey. A preliminary study confirmed that people, indeed, are more likely to share traditional WOM then online WOM. The main study utilized network analysis by using an alter-alter survey method, which was used to map the network structures of a variety of WOM networks. Specifically, we examined the WOM networks structure as a function of product type (search, experience, and credence products) and opinion valence (positive vs. negative). The results reveal that WOM is affected primarily by product type. People are most likely to share opinions about experience products, followed by opinions about search products, and least likely to talk about credence products. The effect of opinion valence is limited. Practitioners can use these findings to manage WOM primarily based on product type by including search, experience, or credence qualities in promotional messages. This is the first study to compare WOM networks to the existing social network, which can serve as a benchmark for evaluating WOM campaigns. The results reveal that for most products, people do not utilize all of their social connections for WOM, but there are exceptions, such as sharing a positive opinion about a movie, where WOM chatter can exceed the social network. The study discusses the WOM network metrics from a practical perspective and how they can be used to optimize WOM campaigns. Overall, the conclusion is that network analysis is a viable technique for studying traditional WOM, which brings new research directions.