bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictionless vs. Frictional Contact in Numerical Wear Predictions of Conformal and Non-conformal Sliding Couplings
Authors: Mattei Lorenza , Di Puccio Francesca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of friction on wear evolution is manifold since it interplays with lubrication regime, nominal contact point, and contact pressure distribution. Nevertheless, in the literature many wear models simulate wear assuming frictionless contact conditions to simplify the analyses. That assumption, physically not realistic, often appears as a contradiction, permitted in numerical simulations where friction and wear can be considered independent phenomena.This study aims to validate the frictionless assumption in wear models with steady nominal contact point, such as in many common configurations, e.g. pin on plate/pin on disc. Wear was simulated according to the Archard wear law for both non-conformal and conformal pin-on-plate contact pairs in reciprocating motion, assuming frictionless and frictional contact conditions, varying the coefficient of friction f in the range 0–0.4. Finite Element wear models were developed in Ansys® both with implicit and explicit kinematics. Results demonstrate that the effect of friction on contact pressure distribution and worn profiles and on their evolution is negligible (differences lower than 0.05%). Thus, wear can be predicted using models in frictionless conditions which allow to extremely reduce the computational costs that represent a limit of FE wear simulations. Additionally, a procedure with implicit kinematics was compared to the explicit one resulting valid and computationally convenient, especially in case of non-conformal contact.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 and Al2O3/TiB2 Ceramics Consolidated by Plasma Pressure Compaction
Authors: Rubino F. , Rotella G. , Perrella M. , Carlone P. , Sudarshan T. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlumina oxide ceramics were produced by plasma pressure compaction (P2C) sintering process. Two types of pure α-alumina (Al2O3) and a mixture of alumina and titanium diboride (TiB2) powders were used as starting materials. Microstructure and mechanical properties, namely hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness, were analyzed and correlated to the type of the sintered powders and the adopted manufacturing route. The microstructural development and the chemical composition variation induced by the sintering process were assessed by using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Nano-indentation and Chevron notch beam techniques were adopted to estimate the mechanical properties of the sintered ceramics. The conducted analyses show the capability of P2C technique to produce sound alumina ceramics. Pure alumina bulks exhibit a good level of compaction and mechanical properties close to those achievable with conventional sintering processes, such as hot isostatic pressing or spark plasma sintering. No significant alterations in the chemical composition of the ceramics were observed. The addition of the titanium diboride in the alumina powders caused a moderate increase in the grain size lowering the hardness and Young’s modulus of the sintered alumina and, at the same time, increased its fracture toughness to the occurrence of toughening mechanisms, like crack bridging and crack deflection.
Clinical feasibility of combining intraoperative electron radiation therapy with minimally invasive surgery: a potential for electron-FLASH clinical development
Authors: Calvo Manuel Felipe Ángel , Serrano Javier , Solé Claudio , Cambeiro Mauricio , Palma Jacobo , Aristu Javier , Garcia-Sabrido Jose Luis , Cuesta Miguel Angel , del Valle Emilio , Lapuente Fernando , Miñana Bernardino , Morcillo Miguel Ángel , Asencio Jose Manuel , Pascau Javier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Local cancer therapy by combining real-time surgical exploration and resection with delivery of a single dose of high-energy electron irradiation entails a very precise and effective local therapeutic approach. Integrating the benefits from minimally invasive surgical techniques with the very precise delivery of intraoperative electron irradiation results in an efficient combined modality therapy.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced disease, who are candidates for laparoscopic and/or thoracoscopic surgery, received an integrated multimodal management. Preoperative treatment included induction chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation, followed by laparoscopic surgery and intraoperative electron radiation therapy.

Results
In a period of 5 consecutive years, 125 rectal cancer patients were treated, of which 35% underwent a laparoscopic approach. We found no differences in cancer outcomes and tolerance between the open and laparoscopic groups. Two esophageal cancer patients were treated with IOeRT during thoracoscopic resection, with the resection specimens showing intense downstaging effects. Two oligo-recurrent prostatic cancer patients (isolated nodal progression) had a robotic-assisted surgical resection and post-lymphadenectomy electron boost on the vascular and lateral pelvic wall.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgery is feasible to combine with intraoperative electron radiation therapy and offers a new model explored with electron-FLASH beams.
Overeducation as moderator for the link between job change and job satisfaction among immigrants and natives in Germany
Authors: Khalil Samir , Lietz Almuth , Mayer Sabrina J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJob satisfaction is a major driver of an individual’s subjective well-being and thus affects public health, societal prosperity, and organisations, as dissatisfied employees are less productive and more likely to change jobs. However, changing jobs does not necessarily lead to higher job satisfaction in the long run. Previous studies have shown, instead, that changing jobs only increases job satisfaction for a short period of time before it gradually falls back to similar levels as before. This phenomenon is known as the ’honeymoon–hangover’ pattern. In our study, we identify an important new moderator of the relation between job change and job satisfaction: the job–education match of job changes. Based on relative deprivation theory, we argue that job changes from being overeducated in a job lowers the likelihood of negative comparisons and thus increases the honeymoon period, lessens the hangover period, and increases long-term job satisfaction. We use data from the Socio-Economic Panel ranging from 1994–2018 and focus specifically on individual periods of employees before and after job changes (n = 134,404). Our results confirm that a change to a job that requires a matched education has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on job satisfaction, and that this effect is slightly lower for respondents born abroad.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Artificial Agents
Authors: Diana Fabiola , Kawahara Misako , Saccardi Isabella , Hortensius Ruud , Tanaka Akihiro , Kret Mariska E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHistorically, there has been a great deal of confusion in the literature regarding cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards artificial agents and preferences for their physical appearance. Previous studies have almost exclusively assessed attitudes using self-report measures (i.e., questionnaires). In the present study, we sought to expand our knowledge on the influence of cultural background on explicit and implicit attitudes towards robots and avatars. Using the Negative Attitudes Towards Robots Scale and the Implicit Association Test in a Japanese and Dutch sample, we investigated the effect of culture and robots’ body types on explicit and implicit attitudes across two experiments (total n = 669). Partly overlapping with our hypothesis, we found that Japanese individuals had a more positive explicit attitude towards robots compared to Dutch individuals, but no evidence of such a difference was found at the implicit level. As predicted, the implicit preference towards humans was moderate in both cultural groups, but in contrast to what we expected, neither culture nor robot embodiment influenced this preference. These results suggest that only at the explicit but not implicit level, cultural differences appear in attitudes towards robots.
In vitro evaluation of fissure sealants’ wear under erosive, abrasive and erosive/abrasive conditions
Authors: Hamza B. , Sekularac M. , Attin T. , Wegehaupt F. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the wear of selected resin-based fissure sealants with different compositions properties under erosive, abrasive, and erosive/abrasive conditions.MethodsForty-five samples of the following resin-based fissure sealants were prepared: Fissurit (fluoride free), Fissurit F (with fluoride), Fissurit FX (55 wt.% filler content), Grandio Seal (70 wt.% nano-filler content) and bovine enamel. Fifteen samples from each material were randomly allocated into three groups according to the wear condition they would be subjected to as follows: erosive condition (citric acid, 1 min, pH 2.3), abrasive condition (120 brushing strokes at 2 N, toothpaste slurry RDA value = 69), and erosive/abrasive condition (combination of both). The wear challenges were repeated six times each day for 10 days. The material wear was measured using a stylus profilometer. Kruskal–Wallis and Conover’s test was applied to compare the resulting material wear between the groups.ResultsUnder erosive conditions, Grandio Seal and Fissurit FX showed statistically significantly the least material wear. Under abrasive and erosive/abrasive conditions, Grandio Seal showed statistically significantly the least material wear. Fissurit F showed statistically significantly the highest material wear under abrasive and erosive/abrasive conditions, after dental enamel (p < 0.05).ConclusionHigher filler content in sealants leads to better wear resistance. Incorporating fluoride into sealants seems to reduce their wear resistance at similar filler contents.
Intergenerational income distribution before and after the great recession: winners and losers
Authors: Chybalski Filip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgeing process may affect intergenerational relations in different ways, including income distribution. Simultaneously, the global economy has undergone various crises. An important question is whether these crises impact the nexus between ageing and intergenerational income distribution. Finding an answer to this question is difficult in the literature; although the crisis-income inequality nexus is quite often investigated, this is not in the intergenerational context. This paper attempts to solve such puzzles using data covering 13 OECD countries in the period 1995–2018. The findings show that the relationship between the age structure of the population and intergenerational income distribution before and after the Great Recession of 2007–2009 was quite different. Actually, the Great Recession seems to have triggered this nexus in such a way that the elderly won the intergenerational income game in the aftermath of the crisis; however, the working-age and younger cohorts took a rematch later. The results obtained may support the political decision-making how to cope with economic crises, including the present COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the economy and society, so as to treat different generations fair.
Influence of Structural Types of CRTS I Plate-Type Ballastless Track on Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Train
Authors: Du Liming , Bian Chenjie , Zhang Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the running quality of trains on a ballastless track, the influence of the CRTS I ballastless track with different structures (flat-type and frame-type tracks) is investigated with respect to the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains. In the present paper, the aerodynamic force changes on the head, middle, tail, and whole car of the high-speed train were studied under two conditions, with crosswind and without crosswind, and the influence of different crosswind speeds (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 m/s) on the aerodynamic force of the train was analyzed. The pressure and flow field distribution characteristics were also studied, and the reasons for the different aerodynamic characteristics of different track structures and trains running in different wind environments were analyzed, respectively. The results indicate that the ballastless track structure obviously influences the aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed train. When there is no natural wind, compared with the flat track, the frame track reduces the drag and lateral forces of the train but increases the lift force. The frame track causes the drag force of the whole vehicle to decrease slightly (the maximum ratio is 2.15%), the lift force increases significantly (the maximum ratio is 12.55%), and the lateral force obviously decreases (the maximum ratio is 52.43%). The lift and lateral forces of the middle car are most affected, which is because the frame structure changes the vortex motion state of the middle car. Compared with the flat track, the drag force of each car on the frame track is reduced under the crosswind; the lift force of each car is increased, and the maximum increase in the lift force of the head, middle, and tail cars is 5.60%, 2.55%, and 3.63%, respectively; the lateral force of the tail car increases greatly at a wind speed of 15 m/s, reaching 6.84%. Due to the existence of the frame structure, the space under the vehicle increases, resulting in a decrease in the airflow rate and an increase in local pressure, which leads to changes in the train’s aerodynamic force. Meanwhile, the train’s aerodynamic change under the crosswind is smaller than that when there is no wind.
High-dimensional randomization-based inference capitalizing on classical design and modern computing
Authors: Bind Marie-Abele C. , Rubin D. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA common complication that can arise with analyses of high-dimensional data is the repeated use of hypothesis tests. A second complication, especially with small samples, is the reliance on asymptoticp-values. Our proposed approach for addressing both complications uses a scientifically motivated scalar summary statistic, and although not entirely novel, seems rarely used. The method is illustrated using a crossover study of seventeen participants examining the effect of exposure to ozone versus clean air on the DNA methylome, where the multivariate outcome involved 484,531 genomic locations. Our proposed test yields a single null randomization distribution, and thus a single Fisher-exactp-value that is statistically valid whatever the structure of the data. However, the relevance and power of the resultant test requires the careful a priori selection of a single test statistic. The common practice using asymptoticp-values or meaningless thresholds for “significance” is inapposite in general.
A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study of UK higher education teacher experiences when building rapport with international students online
Authors: Peacock Gemma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffective, interpersonal teacher–student relationships and positive rapport are widely known to positively impact student attainment and learning experiences. Establishing and maintaining these have been particularly challenging, however, since the Covid-19 pandemic forced higher education (HE) teaching online in 2020. This study, therefore, aimed to explore English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teachers’ experiences of building rapport with international students in online learning environments in UK HE institutions during emergency remote teaching via sequential explanatory mixed methods and three research questions. Study Phase 1 comprised a structured, online, quantitative and qualitative questionnaire completed by 36 participants of the target population from 19 UK HE institutions, while Phase 2 employed in-depth qualitative interviews with three selected participants from Phase 1. Three themes emerged as most significant when considering teacher experiences of building rapport with students online: online communication in online sessions; teacher–student communication outside online sessions; and teacher availability and accessibility. The findings suggest that if online sessions could primarily be used as opportunities to meet learning outcomes, then the necessary and conscious task of building teacher–student rapport might be more effective in frequent 1–1 tutorials with students or during any available pre- and post-online session time.
Accuracy of Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid Combined with an Evaluation of Clinical and Radiologic Factors
Authors: Carrillo José F. , Frias‐Mendivil Mauricio , Ochoa‐Carrillo Francisco J. , Ibarra Margarita 
Published: September 2022

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules is an operator‐interpreter‐dependent procedure whose diagnostic accuracy has deficiencies, especially concerning indeterminate and negative results. There are reports in the literature of up to a 15% definitive diagnosis of carcinoma in the first category of cytology and an 11% false‐negative rate in the second category. With these facts in mind, a prospective study was done at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, to determine whether one or several clinicoradiologic factors were associated with a final pathologic diagnosis of carcinoma, thereby increasing the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid FNAB. In total, 200 cases were reviewed, and 159 patients underwent surgery. Our study group comprises these 159 patients. The only clinical factor associated with false‐negative results was size ≥ 4 cm, with no statistical significance for the other factors analyzed. A comparison was done between clinical factors of patients who had indeterminate results in the aspirate and those of patients who had a definitive diagnosis by permanent section of the thyroid carcinoma, where an association was found between malignancy and tumor size ≥ 4 cm, irregular borders, fixed lesions, and heterogeneity on ultrasound. We conclude that in the presence of a negative cytology result, with tumor size ≥ 4 cm, close follow‐up is indicated, and a new thyroid FNAB should be performed in 6 months. If the nodule persists or grows, a surgical procedure should be considered. In the case of an indeterminate cytology result and in the absence of those factors associated more frequently with a pathologic result of carcinoma, a conservative approach could be indicated with clinical follow‐up and repeat thyroid FNAB in 6 months to 1 year.
Topical Nasal Anesthesia for Transnasal Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy: A Prospective, Double‐Blind, Cross‐Over Study
Authors: Johnson Paul E. , Belafsky Peter C. , Postma Gregory N. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUNDTransnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL) is frequently performed by otolaryngologists, speech language pathologists, and various other health care providers. Historically, topical sprays have been administered to patients to decongest and anesthetize the nasal mucosa, thus minimizing the discomfort of the procedure. Recently, it was reported that patients undergoing TFL with topical anesthesia experienced no improvement in comfort compared with those who received oxymetazoline or saline. This observation is in direct opposition to our clinical experience that patients tolerate the procedure better with topical anesthesia. PURPOSE: We sought to compare patient comfort levels during TFL after the administration of cocaine, oxymetazoline, or saline.METHODSFifteen subjects undergoing TFL were prospectively evaluated. Each had TFL performed on 3 separate occasions. Before TFL, each patient received either 4% cocaine, 0.05% oxymetazoline, or saline topically administered via an atomizer to both nasal cavities (1 spray of 2‐second duration). By the conclusion of the study, each patient had undergone TFL with each of the test agents. The subjects rated the discomfort they experienced on a scale ranging from 1 (minimal discomfort) to 5 (severe discomfort). Both patient and examiner were blinded to the test agent used.RESULTSThe mean nasal discomfort score for saline was 2.8 ± 1.1. The scores for oxymetazoline and cocaine were 3.4 ± 0.9 and 2.0 ± 0.9, respectively. Compared with saline and oxymetazoline independently, TFL with topical cocaine appeared to provide more comfort (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The continued routine use of topical anesthetics such as cocaine before the performance of TFL is justified because it significantly decreases the patient's discomfort.
The Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Facial Retraining Combined with Electromyography in Facial Paralysis Rehabilitation
Authors: Cronin Gaye W. , Steenerson Ronald Leif 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEThe study goal was to present the effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining techniques used in combination with electromyography for improving facial function even in cases of longstanding paralysis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a retrospective case review in a tertiary neurotology clinic. PATIENTS: Twenty‐four patients with facial paralysis received neuromuscular facial retraining between April 1999 and April 2001. The patient sample included 6 males and 18 females, with an average age of 44 years. A control group consisted of 6 patients (4 females and 2 males).RESULTSAll patient groups made significant improvements in function with improved symmetry in dual‐channel electromyographic readings and increased facial movement percentages. Some of the percentages of posttreatment facial function were as follows: acoustic neuromas, 93%; Bell's palsy/Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 80%; and facial nerve anastomosis, 71%. Synkinesis was reduced by at least 2 levels in patients who initially demonstrated synkinesis.CONCLUSIONSNeuromuscular facial retraining exercises and electromyography are effective for improving facial movements.SIGNIFICANCEFacial retraining is an excellent example of the plasticity of the central nervous system to reorganize, even in cases of longstanding paralysis.
The Larynx and Neonatal Apneas
Authors: Dorion Dominique , Praud Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe sought to review the current literature on the role of the larynx in neonatal apneas. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a literature search and analysis of the published and other available information on the topic.RESULTSPublications on this topic in otolaryngology journals are rare, although more basic sciences‐oriented journals have published interesting results from animal studies during the past 20 years. The scarce data on human neonates are also presented.CONCLUSIONSThe authors follow the phylogenetic and oncogenetic pathways to explain the active role of the larynx in neonatal apneas. Although most of these results are derived from animal studies, they certainly improve our understanding of human neonatal apneas.