bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel update rule of HALS algorithm for nonnegative matrix factorization and Zangwill’s global convergence
Authors: Sano Takehiro , Migita Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Norikazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has attracted a great deal of attention as an effective technique for dimensionality reduction of large-scale nonnegative data. Given a nonnegative matrix, NMF aims to obtain two low-rank nonnegative factor matrices by solving a constrained optimization problem. The Hierarchical Alternating Least Squares (HALS) algorithm is a well-known and widely-used iterative method for solving such optimization problems. However, the original update rule used in the HALS algorithm is not well defined. In this paper, we propose a novel well-defined update rule of the HALS algorithm, and prove its global convergence in the sense of Zangwill. Unlike conventional globally-convergent update rules, the proposed one allows variables to take the value of zero and hence can obtain sparse factor matrices. We also present two stopping conditions that guarantee the finite termination of the HALS algorithm. The practical usefulness of the proposed update rule is shown through experiments using real-world datasets.
Developing State Leadership in Maternal and Child Health: Process Evaluation Findings from a Work-Based Learning Model for Leadership Development
Authors: Umble Karl E. , Powis Laura , Coffey Alexandria M. , Margolis Lewis , Mullenix Amy , Fatima Hiba , Orton Stephen , Fleming W. Oscar , Lich Kristen Hassmiller , Cilenti Dorothy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Since 2013 the MCH Bureau has supported the National MCH Workforce Development Center to strengthen the Title V MCH workforce. This article describes the Center’s Cohort Program and lessons learned about work-based learning, instruction, and coaching.

Description
The Cohort Program is a leadership development program that enrolls state-level teams for skill development and work-based learning to address a self-identified challenge in their state. Teams attend a Learning Institute that teaches concepts, skills, and practical tools in systems integration; change management and adaptive leadership; and evidence-based decision-making and implementation. Teams then work back home on their challenges, aided by coaching. The Program’s goals are for teams to expand and use their skills to address their challenge, and that teams would strengthen programs, organizations, and policies, use their skills to address other challenges, and ultimately improve MCH outcomes.

Methods
This process evaluation is based on evaluation forms completed by attendees at the three-day Learning Institute; six-month follow-up interviews with team leaders; and a modified focus group with staff.

Results
Participants and staff believe the Cohort Program effectively merges a practical skill-based curriculum, work-based learning in teams, and coaching. The Learning Institute provides a foundation of skills and tools, strengthens the team’s relationship with their coach, and builds the team. The work-based learning period provides structure, accountability, and a “practice space” for teams to apply the Cohort Program’s skills and tools to address their challenge. In this period, teams deepen collaborations and often add partners. The coach provides accessible and tailored guidance in teamwork and skill application. These dimensions helped teams in develop skills and address state-level MCH challenges.

Conclusions for Practice
Continuing professional development programs can help leaders learn to address complex state-level MCH challenges through integrated classroom-based skills development, work-based learning on state challenges, and tailored coaching.
The Role of Early-Career University Prestige Stratification on the Future Academic Performance of Scholars
Authors: González-Sauri Mario , Rossello Giulia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of university prestige stratification on scholars’ career achievements. We focus on 766 STEM PhD graduates hired by Mexican universities between 1992 and 2016. We rank university according to their prestige based on the pairwise assessment of quality contained in the PhD hiring networks. Further, we use a quasi-experimental design matching pairs of individuals with the same characteristics, PhD training or first job experience. Our results challenge the positive association between prestige and academic performance as predicted by the ‘Matthew effect’. Scholars hired internally sustain higher performance over their careers in comparison to those who move up or down the prestige hierarchy. Further, we find a positive (negative) relation between downward (upward) prestige mobility and performance that relates to the “big-fish-little-pond” effect (BFLPE). The evidence of a BFLPE-like effect has policy implications because hinders the knowledge flows throughout the science system and individual achievements.
Corporate political power and US foreign policy, 1981–2002: the role of the policy-planning network
Authors: Luther-Davies Philip , Doniec Kasia Julia , Lavallee Joseph P. , King Lawrence P. , Domhoff G. William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent empirical work has offered strong support for ‘biased pluralism’ and ‘economic elite’ accounts of political power in the United States, according a central role to ‘business interest groups’ as a mechanism through which corporate influence is exerted. Here, we propose an additional channel of influence for corporate interests: the ‘policy-planning network,’ consisting of corporate-dominated foundations, think tanks, and elite policy-discussion groups. To evaluate this assertion, we consider one key policy-discussion group, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). We first briefly review the origins of this organization and then review earlier findings on its influence. We then code CFR policy preferences on 295 foreign policy issues during the 1981–2002 period. In logistic regression analyses, we find that the preferences of more affluent citizens and the CFR were positive, statistically significant predictors of foreign policy outcomes while business interest group preferences were not. These findings are discussed with a consideration of the patterns of CFR ‘successes’ and ‘failures’ for the issues in our dataset. Although a full demonstration of a causal connection between corporate interests, the policy-planning network and policy outcomes requires further research, we conclude that this has been shown to be a plausible mechanism through which corporate interests are represented and that ‘biased pluralism’ researchers should include it in their future investigations.
Thrombotic and bleeding events, mortality, and anticoagulant use among 546,656 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deitelzweig Steve , Luo Xuemei , Nguyen Jennifer L. , Malhotra Deepa , Emir Birol , Russ Cristina , Li Xiaoyan , Lee Theodore C. , Ferri Mauricio , Wiederkehr Danny , Reimbaeva Maya , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Piazza Gregory 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study describes demographics, thrombotic and bleeding events, mortality, and anticoagulant use among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States. Premier Healthcare Database data were analyzed to identify inpatients with a discharge diagnosis for COVID-19 (ICD-10-CM code: U07.1) from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, and matched historical controls without COVID-19 (inpatients discharged between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019). Thrombotic [including venous thromboembolism (VTE)] and bleeding events were based on ICD-10-CM discharge diagnosis codes. Of the 546,656 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 20.1% were admitted to the ICU, 62.8% were aged ≥ 60 years, 51.5% were male, and 31.0% were non-white. Any thrombotic event was diagnosed in 10.0% of hospitalized and 20.8% of ICU patients with COVID-19 versus (vs) 11.5% and 24.4% for historical controls, respectively. More VTE events were observed in hospitalized and ICU patients with COVID-19 than historical controls (hospitalized: 4.4% vs 2.7%, respectively; ICU: 8.3% vs 5.2%, respectively; both P < 0.0001). Bleeding events were diagnosed in 10.2% of hospitalized and 21.8% of ICU patients with COVID-19 vs 16.0% and 33.2% for historical controls, respectively. Mortality among hospitalized (12.4%) and ICU (38.5%) patients with COVID-19 was higher vs historical controls (2.4%, P < 0.0001 and 9.4%, P < 0.0001, respectively) and higher in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who had thrombotic events (29.4%) vs those without thrombotic events (10.8%, P < 0.0001). VTE and mortality were higher in hospitalized and ICU patients with COVID-19 vs historical controls. The presence of thrombotic events was associated with worse outcomes.
Obituary for Kálmán Vánky (1930–2021)
Authors: Shivas Roger , McTaggart Alistair , Begerow Dominik , Denchev Cvetomir M. , Denchev Teodor T. , Kemler Martin , Kruse Julia , Lutz Matthias , Piątek Marcin , Piepenbring Meike , Thines Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKálmán Vánky (15th of June 1930–18th of October 2021) was arguably the most prolific researcher of smut fungi so far. He published more than 1000 taxonomic novelties, and crowned his outstanding oeuvre with the most comprehensive monograph of the smut fungi (Smut Fungi of the World) written to date.
The Time to Reconsider Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocking Strategy: Arrival of Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The study aims to verify the advantages of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs) in the management of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases, comparing with conventional MRBs.

Recent Findings
Based on the unique structures, the nonsteroidal MRBs have higher selectivity for mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and show no agonist activity for major steroid hormone receptors in contrast to steroidal MRBs. Today, there are two nonsteroidal MRBs, esaxerenone and finerenone, which completed phase 3 clinical trials. Series of clinical trials have shown that both agents achieve similar MR blockade with smaller doses as compared with steroidal MRBs, but have no off-target side effect such as gynecomastia. Esaxerenone has persistent blood pressure-lowering effects in various hypertensive populations, including essential hypertension and those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, while finerenone has demonstrated reduction of the cardiovascular risk rather than blood pressure in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Summary
Nonsteroidal MRBs are a more refined agent which contributes to appropriate MR blocking with minimized unpleasant adverse effects.
Design and characterization of metallic glass/graphene multilayer with excellent nanowear properties
Authors: Zhou Qing , Luo Dawei , Hua Dongpeng , Ye Wenting , Li Shuo , Zou Qiguang , Chen Ziqiang , Wang Haifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe excellent properties of metallic glass (MG) films make them perfect candidates for the use in miniature systems and tools. However, their high coefficients of friction (COFs) and poor wear resistance considerably limit their long-term performance in nanoscale contact. We report the fabrication of a MG/graphene multilayer by the repeated deposition of Cu50Zr50 MG with alternating layers of graphene. The microstructure of the multilayer was characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its mechanical and nanotribological properties were studied by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests, respectively. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that the addition of graphene endowed the MG with superelastic recovery, which reduced friction during nanoscratching. In comparison with the monolithic MG film, the multilayer exhibited improved wear resistance and a low COF in repeated nanowear tests owing to the enhanced mechanical properties and lubricating effect caused by the graphene layer. This work is expected to motivate the design of other novel MG films with excellent nanowear properties for engineering applications.
Recent Progress of Electrode Materials for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yumeng , Lin Zhenhua , Wei Wei , Hao Yue , Liu Shengzhong , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have attracted enormous interest in wearable and portable electronics due to their high power-per-weight and low cost. Flexible and efficient perovskite solar cells require the development of flexible electrodes compatible with the optoelectronic properties of perovskite. In this review, the recent progress of flexible electrodes used in FPSCs is comprehensively reviewed. The major features of flexible transparent electrodes, including transparent conductive oxides, conductive polymer, carbon nanomaterials and nanostructured metallic materials are systematically compared. And the corresponding modification strategies and device performance are summarized. Moreover, flexible opaque electrodes including metal films, opaque carbon materials and metal foils are critically assessed. Finally, the development directions and difficulties of flexible electrodes are given.
Bypassing the statistical limit of singlet generation in sensitized upconversion using fluorinated conjugated systems
Authors: Vaghi Luca , Rizzo Fabio , Pedrini Jacopo , Mauri Anna , Meinardi Francesco , Cosentino Ugo , Greco Claudio , Monguzzi Angelo , Papagni Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe photon upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) is a mechanism that converts the absorbed low-energy electromagnetic radiation into higher energy photons also at extremely low excitation intensities, but its use in actual technologies is still hindered by the limited availability of efficient annihilator moieties. We present here the results obtained by the synthesis and application of two new fluorinated chromophores based on phenazine and acridine structures, respectively. Both compounds show upconverted emission demonstrating their ability as TTA annihilator. More interesting, the acridine-based chromophore shows an excellent TTA yield that overcomes the one of some of best model systems. By correlating the experimental data and the quantum mechanical modeling of the investigated compound, we propose an alternative efficient pathway for the generation of the upconverted emissive states involving the peculiar high-energy triplet levels of the dye, thus suggesting a new development strategy for TTA annihilators based on the fine tuning of their high-energy excited states properties.Graphical abstract
Characterizing Drought Behavior in the Colorado River Basin Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Talsma Carl J. , Bennett Katrina E. , Vesselinov Velimir V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrought is a pressing issue for the Colorado River Basin (CRB) due to the social and economic value of water resources in the region and the significant uncertainty of future drought under climate change. Here, we use climate simulations from various Earth System Models (ESMs) to force the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model and project multiple drought indicators for the sub‐watersheds within the CRB. We apply an unsupervised machine learning (ML) based on Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization using K‐means clustering (NMFk) to synthesize the simulated historical, future, and change in drought indicators. The unsupervised ML approach can identify sub‐watersheds where key changes to drought indicator behavior occur, including shifts in snowpack, snowmelt timing, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. While changes in future precipitation vary across ESMs, the results indicate that the Upper CRB will experience increasing evaporative demand and surface‐water scarcity, with some locations experiencing a shift from a radiation‐limited to a water‐limited evaporation regime in the summer. Large shifts in peak runoff are observed in snowmelt‐dominant sub‐watersheds, with complete disappearance of the snowmelt signal for some sub‐watersheds. The work demonstrates the utility of the NMFk algorithm to efficiently identify behavioral changes of drought indicators across space and time and to quickly analyze and interpret hydro climate model results.
Impacts of City Shape on Rainfall in Inland and Coastal Environments
Authors: Zhang Wufan , Yang Jiachuan , Yang Long , Niyogi Dev 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrbanization manifests rainfall anomalies both in and around the city. While prior studies have assessed the effect of urban expansion as well as city size, little is known about the impact of city shape on rainfall. Here, idealized large eddy simulations coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model are conducted to bridge the knowledge gap. Results indicate differences in the timing for urban‐induced rainfall in the inland versus coastal environment. This is associated with contrasting diurnal cycles of vertical velocity and cloud water mixing ratio driven by the land‐sea breeze. The impact of city shape on rainfall is more evident in the coastal environment, as buoyancy flows arise from cities alter the interactions between urban‐rural circulation and sea breeze. A circular city shows nearly 22.0% larger rainfall accumulation and 78.6% greater rainfall intensity compared to a triangular city over urban surfaces. The rainfall anomaly is caused by different urban‐rural circulations over various city shapes. The strong low‐level convergence over circular cities favors efficient upward moisture transport and deep convection. Results highlight the need for considering city shape for coastal urban planning, as a potential adaptation strategy to manage rainfall under future climate. The coarse‐resolution climate models that represent the impervious surface area but not the right shape would have a higher uncertainty in simulating rainfall changes.
Mesoscale Spatial Variability of Lower Thermospheric Winds During the Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment
Authors: Lehmacher Gerald A. , Larsen Miguel F. , Zanetti Jessica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present observations and analysis of seven horizontal wind profiles obtained by the trimethyl aluminum (TMA) tracer method on 27 March 2012 over the Atlantic ocean near Wallops Island, Virginia (37.9°N, 75.4°W). Payloads were launched in order to produce quasi‐simultaneous trails separated by tens to hundreds of kilometers. Tracer positions evolving in time and space were triangulated from three locations along the Atlantic seaboard and wind profiles between 90 and 140 km calculated. The wind profiles present a coherent wind structure dominated by very strong diurnal and semidiurnal tides up to 110 km and an upward propagating inertia‐gravity wave between 110 and 140 km. Properties such as horizontal and vertical wavelength could be extracted from the simultaneous observations at separate locations. A statistical analysis of the wind differences was performed to estimate power‐law coefficients of the second structure function at mesoscales. They show scale‐independence in the region of the largest wind shears, 100–110 km, and a scaling coefficient characteristic for isotropic wind fluctuations above and below this region.
Reduced miR-371b-5p expression drives tumor progression via CSDE1/RAC1 regulation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kim Yesol , Ko Je Yeong , Lee Soo-Been , Oh Sumin , Park Jee Won , Kang Hyeok-Gu , Kim Da-Hyun , Chung Daeun , Lim Sera , Kong Hyunkyung , Kim Jongmin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Han Wonshik , Chun Kyung-Hee , Park Jong Hoon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer; however, specific prognostic biomarkers have not yet been developed. In this study, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in TNBC by profiling miRNA and mRNA expression. In patients with TNBC, miR-371b-5p expression was reduced, and miR-371b-5p overexpression significantly mitigated TNBC cell growth, migration, and invasion. In addition, we found that expression of cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), a direct target gene of miR-371b-5p, was upregulated in TNBC cells, and inhibition of CSDE1 expression alleviated TNBC cell growth by regulating RAC1 transcription. Mechanistically, CSDE1, phosphorylated C-terminal domain (p-CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and CDK7 form a complex, and downregulation of CSDE1 leads to weak interaction between RNAPII p-CTD and CDK7, resulting in a decrease in RNAPII p-CTD expression to reduce RAC1 transcript levels in CSDE1-deficient TNBC cells. Our data demonstrate that miR-371b-5p is a tumor-suppressive miRNA that regulates the CSDE1/Rac1 axis and could be a potential prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
Disturbance of calcium homeostasis and myogenesis caused by TET2 deletion in muscle stem cells
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Wang Sheng , Zhou Qiangwei , Liao Yinlong , Luo Wenzhe , Peng Zhelun , Ren Ruimin , Wang Heng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle myogenesis is a sophisticated process controlled by genetic and epigenetic regulators. In animals, one of the key enzymes for the DNA demethylation of 5-methylcytosine is TET2. Although TET2 is essential for muscle development, the mechanisms by which TET2 regulates myogenesis, particularly the implication for muscle stem cells, remains unclear. In the present study, we employed the TET2 knockout mouse model to investigate the function of TET2 in muscle development and regeneration. We observed that TET2 deficiency caused impaired muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in the reduction in both myofiber number and muscle tissue size. Specifically, TET2 maintains calcium homeostasis in muscle stem cells by controlling the DNA methylation levels of the calcium pathway genes. Forced expression of the sodium/calcium exchanger protein SLC8A3 could rescue the myogenic defects in TET2 knockout cells. Our data not only illustrated the vital function of TET2 during myogenesis but also identified novel targets that contribute to calcium homeostasis for enhancing muscle function.
Differential expression of circulating miRNAs after alemtuzumab induction therapy in lung transplantation
Authors: Benazzo A. , Bozzini S. , Auner S. , Berezhinskiy H. Oya , Watzenboeck M. L. , Schwarz S. , Schweiger T. , Klepetko W. , Wekerle T. , Hoetzenecker K. , Meloni F. , Jaksch P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, used as induction therapy after lung transplantation (LTx). Its engagement produces a long-lasting immunodepletion; however, the mechanisms driving cell reconstitution are poorly defined. We hypothesized that miRNAs are involved in this process. The expression of a set of miRNAs, cytokines and co-signaling molecules was measured with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry in prospectively collected serum samples of LTx recipients, after alemtuzumab or no induction therapy. Twenty-six LTx recipients who received alemtuzumab and twenty-seven matched LTx recipients without induction therapy were included in the analysis. One year after transplantation four miRNAs were differentially regulated: miR-23b (p = 0.05) miR-146 (p = 0.04), miR-155 (p < 0.001) and miR-486 (p < 0.001). Expression of 3 miRNAs changed within the alemtuzumab group: miR-146 (p < 0.001), miR-155 (p < 0.001) and miR-31 (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-13, IL-4, IFN-γ, BAFF, IL-5, IL-9, IL-17F, IL-17A and IL-22 were different one year after transplantation compared to baseline. In no-induction group, concentration of sCD27, sB7.2 and sPD-L1 increased overtime. Expression of miR-23b, miR-146, miR-486, miR-155 and miR-31 was different in LTx recipients who received alemtuzumab compared to recipients without induction therapy. The observed cytokine pattern suggested proliferation of specific B cell subsets in alemtuzumab group and co-stimulation of T-cells in no-induction group.