bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of sublexical structure of the word among bilingual and monolingual kindergartners
Authors: Zaretsky Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEarly spelling development is an important area of research as it presents an opportunity for our understanding of how children begin to represent sounds within words through application of letter-sound mapping. The development of spelling is often characterized by stage-like theories, although it has been suggested that children may draw on different patterns of representations (Integration of Multiple Patterns). This study examined early spelling acquisition among monolingual English-speaking and ELL kindergartners with Spanish as L1. ELLs receive all academic instruction, including written language, in English (L2) while continuously using oral L1 for all other communications. As languages differ in their linguistic and structural composition, our aim was to identify possible influences of oral L1 on spelling abilities in L2. We were particularly interested in representation of sublexical units within the words, as English and Spanish differ in their intrasyllabic awareness. Our results showed expected differences in psycholinguistic profiles of language groups as well as differences in allocation of resources in spelling attempts. While there were no statistically significant differences in representation of sublexical units between language groups, there were notable differences in percentage of correct responses pointing to language specific influences. These findings support theDual System Modelof phonological representations development among bilingual individual and suggests that in the early stages of spelling acquisition in L2, L1 Spanish kindergartners are still influenced by their native language although they use it in their oral modality only.
Predictors of adult spelling in an orthography of intermediate depth
Authors: Mesquita Ana B. , Morais Inês Salomé , Faísca Luís , Reis Alexandra , Castro São Luís 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
What is the hallmark of a good speller? Spelling is a critical component in learning to become literate, but how
it works in literate adults remains poorly explored. We examined word and pseudoword spelling in 214 adults in relation to general
cognitive abilities, vocabulary, reading history, reading performance, phonological processing and rapid automatized naming. We
conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to uncover predictors of spelling performance and compared a subsample of good
and poor spellers to identify patterns of cognitive and language abilities associated with high vs. low spelling ability. In the
regression model under test, which progressed from general cognitive and language abilities to specific reading-related skills,
the most important predictor for word spelling was vocabulary, and for pseudoword spelling phonological processing (phoneme
deletion). The model explained 20% of word spelling, and 8% of pseudoword spelling, variance. Good spellers outperformed poor
spellers in reading connected text and pseudowords, and in phonological processing; poor spellers typically had a history of
reading difficulties but similar levels of cognitive ability, word reading and RAN performance. Overall, our findings indicate
that adult spelling relies more strongly on word knowledge than on reading proficiency and that, as in literacy acquisition, good
phonology-related abilities are a hallmark of proficient adult spellers.
Analysis of notch-δ-doped GaAs-based Gunn diodes
Authors: Mohd Akhbar Siti Amiera , Ong Duu Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The performances of GaAs-based Gunn diodes with notch-δ-doped structures are studied in this work. The δ-doped effect is analysed using Monte Carlo modelling in terms of temporal evolution of current density, electric field profile, electron energy, mean velocity and occupancy in the Γ and higher valleys. The presence of a δ-doped layer after the notch causes a significant increase in the harmonic current amplitude of the device, where the growth of the high field domain can be attributed to a slow electron track due to the well-known Gunn effect and an additional fast electron track which appears over a short time window when the domain is reaching the anode. An optimised GaAs notch-δ-doped structure with a 700 nm device length including a 100 nm notch and a 5 nm δ-doped layer can generate signals at a fundamental frequency of 262 GHz with a current harmonic amplitude of 29.4 × 107 A m−2, which is almost twice of that without a δ-doped layer. Its second and third harmonic signals are found to be substantial, reaching into the terahertz range of 512 GHz and 769 GHz.
Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Rahaman Mahfujur , Zahn Dietrich R T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have grown fast into an extraordinary research field due to their unique physical properties compared to other semiconducting materials. The class of materials proved extremely fertile for both fundamental studies and a wide range of applications from electronics/spintronics/optoelectronics to photocatalysis and CO2 reduction. 2D materials are highly confined in the out-of-plane direction and often possess very good environmental stability. Therefore, they have also become a popular material system for the manipulation of optoelectronic properties via numerous external parameters. Being a versatile characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is used extensively to study and characterize various physical properties of 2D materials. However, weak signals and low spatial resolution hinder its application in more advanced systems where decoding local information plays an important role in advancing our understanding of these materials for nanotechnology applications. In this regard, plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been introduced in recent time to investigate local heterogeneous information of 2D semiconductors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors. We discuss the current state-of-art and provide future perspectives on this specific branch of Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D semiconductors.
Thermoelectric transport in two-terminal topological nodal-line semimetals nanowires
Authors: Yang Ning-Xuan , Liao Hui , Song Chun-Yan , Wang Rui , Tang Guang-Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently discovered topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs) have received considerable research interest due to their rich physical properties and potential applications. TNLSMs have the particular band structure to lead to many novel properties. Here we theoretically study the thermoelectric transport of a two-terminal pristine TNLSM nanowires and TNLSMs p–n–p junctions. The Seebeck coefficients S

c
and the thermoelectrical figure of merit ZT are calculated based on the Landauer-Büttiker formula combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. In pristine TNLSM nanowires, we discuss the effect of the magnetic fields φ, the disorder D, the on-site energy µ

z
, and the mass term m on the thermoelectric coefficient and find that the transport gap can lead to a large S

c
and ZT. When transmission coefficient jumps from one integer plateau to another, S

c
and ZT show a series of peaks. The peaks of S

c
and ZT are determined by the jump of the transmission coefficient plateau and are not associated with the plateau itself. For TNLSMs p–n–p junctions, S

c
and ZT strongly depend on the parameter ξ of potential well. We can get a large ZT by adjusting the parameter ξ and magnetic field φ. In TNLSMs p–n–p junctions, ZT has the large value and is easily regulated. This setup has promising application prospects as a thermoelectric device.
Towards the establishment of national diagnostic reference levels in Tunisia: a multicentre survey in paediatric CT
Authors: Bouaoun Abir , Ben Omrane Latifa , Douira Khomssi Wièm 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work focuses on the determination of the radiation doses for a total sample of 916 children, categorised into four age groups (<1, 1–5, <5–10, <10–15 years) undergoing the most frequent paediatric CT scans performed in different scan facilities in Tunisia in order to establish the national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Dose evaluation concerned the dosimetric indicators: volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP). The different paediatric CT protocols and practices were also evaluated. The results show a large variation in doses between different radiology departments. For head scans, the respective DRLs for children aged <1, 1–5, 5–10 and 10–15 years were 26, 38, 51 and 51 mGy, respectively, for CTDIvol and 384, 664, 873 and 978 mGy cm, respectively, for DLP. For the chest, the equivalent respective DRLs were 8, 10, 12 and 15 mGy for CTDIvol and 118, 330, 442 and 526 mGy cm for DLP. For the abdomen, the respective DRLs were 9, 13, 19 and 18 mGy for CTDIvol and 353, 485, 592 and 1073 mGy cm for DLP. This study shows that the optimisation of paediatric CT procedures should be a priority, especially within regional hospitals. The implementation of corrective actions will take place after the initial DRLs. These actions, including recommendations and guidelines to good practice, should be a joint effort of all stakeholders, including health authorities, the radiation protection regulator, professional societies and universities.
Optimal gate selection method for simultaneous lifetime-based measurement of PSP and TSP
Authors: Kasai Miku , Nagata Takayuki , Nonomura Taku , Saito Yuji , Asai Keisuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new method that optimizes a measurement condition in a lifetime-based simultaneous measurement of a pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and a temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is proposed for the improvement of the accuracy of the pressure measurement. An optimal gate is selected based on a pressure measurement error when calculating the pressure and the temperature simultaneously from measurement values of a PSP and a TSP. A shot noise of a PSP, a temperature error, and a fluctuation in an emission intensity ratio due to blurring were considered error factors of the PSP measurement. The pressure measurement error propagated from each error source was considered as an evaluation index in an optimization of a measurement condition. We evaluated 17 types of TSP characteristics and selected an optimal TSP and a measurement condition for the PSP measurement. Further, the optimized measurement condition was evaluated in a PSP/TSP simultaneous measurement using a coupon-based test. The optimal measurement condition obtained based on the proposed method and an empirical selection method were compared by a PSP/TSP simultaneous measurement using a coupon-based test. A small-pressure measurement error, i.e. high pressure-measurement accuracy, was realized by the proposed method in the simultaneous lifetime-based method of a PSP and a TSP. In addition to the analyses above, the blurring effects were found to be minor and briefly summarized in appendices.
A carbon nanosphere nanofluid for improving the toughness and thermal properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Li Peipei , Qu Danyao , Zhang Lu , Su Chen , Ma Jie , Wang Qi , Liu Chao , Wang Yongkun , Feng Huanran , Li Cong , Wu Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A carbon nanosphere nanofluid (CNS-nanofluid) was successfully prepared through the non-covalent modification of carbon nanosphere (CNS) with the specific ionic liquid (i.e. [M2070][VBS]) at first. The resulting CNS-nanofluid is a homogeneous and stable fluid with liquid-like behaviour at room temperature, and which shows better dispersion stability in its good solvents and improved processability than the pristine CNS. Subsequently, this CNS-nanofluid was used as a kind of novel functional filler and incorporated into epoxy matrix to prepare the CNS-nanofluid filled epoxy composites (CNS-nanofluid/EP composites). The toughness and thermal properties of those CNS-nanofluid/EP composites were carefully characterized and analysed. And it was found that this CNS-nanofluid could respectively improve the impact toughness and glass transition temperature of the CNS-nanofluid/EP composites to 19.8 kJ m−2 and 122.5 °C at the optimum amount, demonstrating that this CNS-nanofluid is a kind of promising functional filler to achieve robust epoxy composites, and thus opening up new possibilities with great significance for epoxy composites in high-performance applications.
Intrinsic variation effect in memristive neural network with weight quantization
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Song Min Suk , Youn Sangwook , Kim Tae-Hyeon , Kim Sungjoon , Hong Kyungho , Kim Hyungjin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To analyze the effect of the intrinsic variations of the memristor device on the neuromorphic system, we fabricated 32 × 32 Al2O3/TiO
x
-based memristor crossbar array and implemented 3 bit multilevel conductance as weight quantization by utilizing the switching characteristics to minimize the performance degradation of the neural network. The tuning operation for 8 weight levels was confirmed with a tolerance of ±4 μA (±40 μS). The endurance and retention characteristics were also verified, and the random telegraph noise (RTN) characteristics were measured according to the weight range to evaluate the internal stochastic variation effect. Subsequently, a memristive neural network was constructed by off-chip training with differential memristor pairs for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten dataset. The pre-trained weights were quantized, and the classification accuracy was evaluated by applying the intrinsic variations to each quantized weight. The intrinsic variations were applied using the measured weight inaccuracy given by the tuning tolerance, RTN characteristics, and the fault device yield. We believe these results should be considered when the pre-trained weights are transferred to a memristive neural network by off-chip training.
Failure mechanism of graphene kirigami under nanoindentation
Authors: Zhang Henin , Ma Jun , Zhang Yingyan , Yang Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Though graphene is the strongest material in nature, its intrinsic brittleness hinders its applications where flexibility is the key figure of merits. In this work, we report the enhanced flexibility of graphene under nanoindentation by using kirigami technique. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we find that graphene kirigami designed at the optimal cut parameter can sustain more than 45% larger out-of-plane deformation than its pristine counterpart while the maximum impact load is reduced by 20% due to the flexible cut edges. This trade-off between flexibility and strength in a graphene kirigami can be overcome by adding a pristine graphene as a supporting substrate. This double-layer structure consisting of one graphene kirigami and one pristine graphene can stand the maximum impact load three times larger than the single-layer graphene kirigami but its maximum indentation depth is merely 8% smaller. Our simulation results provide useful insights into the failure mechanism of the graphene kirigami under nanoindentation and useful guidelines to enhancing the flexibility of graphene for its applications as protection materials.
Gevrey estimates for asymptotic expansions of Tori in weakly dissipative systems*
Authors: Bustamante Adrián P , De la Llave Rafael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider a singular perturbation for a family of analytic symplectic maps of the annulus possessing a KAM torus. The perturbation introduces dissipation and contains an adjustable parameter. By choosing the adjustable parameter, one can ensure that the torus persists under perturbation. Such models are common in celestial mechanics. In field theory, the adjustable parameter is called the counterterm and in celestial mechanics, the drift. It is known that there are formal expansions in powers of the perturbation both for the quasi-periodic solution and the counterterm. We prove that the asymptotic expansions for the quasiperiodic solutions and the counterterm satisfy Gevrey estimates. That is, the nth term of the expansion is bounded by a power of n!. The Gevrey class (the power of n!) depends only on the Diophantine condition of the frequency and the order of the friction coefficient in powers of the perturbative parameter. The method of proof we introduce may be of interest beyond the problem considered here. We consider a modified Newton method in a space of power expansions. As is custumary in KAM theory, each step of the method is estimated in a smaller domain. In contrast with the KAM results, the domains where we control the Newton method shrink very fast and the Newton method does not prove that the solutions are analytic. On the other hand, by examining carefully the process, we can obtain estimates on the coefficients of the expansions and conclude the series are Gevrey.
First-principles prediction of the half-metallicity in quaternary Heusler CoRhCrAl thin films
Authors: Muhammad Iltaf , He Yu , Ali Anwar , Zhang Wen , Wong Ping Kwan Johnny 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Magnetic thin films are essential building blocks for spintronic devices. Whether the spin-dependent properties associated with a parental bulk can be preserved at the surface or interface with a lowered symmetry represents an important topic to be addressed. In the work, theoretical calculations are performed to study the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the bulk CoRhCrAl quaternary Heusler alloy and its (111)-, (001)- and (110)-oriented thin films by using the VASP package based on the first-principles density functional theory. Our results indicate that the bulk structure of CoRhCrAl alloy is half-metallic (HM) in character with 100% spin-polarization, and its spin-down bandgap and total magnetic moment are

E

g

↓

=
0.3
0

eV and 3.00 μ
B, respectively. For the thin film structures with different orientations and terminations, half-metallicity only exists in the (111)-oriented thin film with Al-termination, but is lost in the Co-, Rh- or Cr-terminations. On the other hand, both the (001)- and (110)-oriented thin films are partially or nearly HM. Interestingly, the half-metallicity is lost on introducing U parameter in the calculations.
Exploring neutrinos from proton decays catalyzed by GUT monopoles in the Sun
Authors: Hu Hang , Cheng Jie , Guo Wan-Lei , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We explore the neutrino signals from proton decays catalyzed by GUT monopoles in the Sun. Three typical proton decay modes, p ⟶ e
+ + (ρ
0, η, ω… ) ⟶ π
+, p ⟶ μ
+
K
0 and p ⟶ ν̅eπ+
, have been analyzed for the Super-Kamiokande experiment. The monopole-induced neutrinos arise from interactions and subsequent decays of the proton decay products. To obtain the neutrino energy spectra, we use the Geant4 software to simulate propagations of daughter particles in the highly-dense solar center. It is found that K
0 can produce a large amount of 236 MeV monoenergetic νμ
neutrinos through the charge exchange process K
0 + p ⟶ K
+ + n and the subsequent decay K
+ ⟶ μ
+
ν
μ at rest. Based on this interesting feature, p ⟶ μ
+
K
0 can give the best discovery potential among three decay modes for most of the parameter space. In addition, we present the Super-Kamiokande sensitivities to the monopole flux for three proton decay modes.
Cosmological constraints on the gravitational constant
Authors: Ballardini Mario , Finelli Fabio , Sapone Domenico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the variation of the gravitational constant on cosmological scales in scalar-tensor theories
of gravity. We focus on the simplest models of scalar-tensor theories with a coupling to the Ricci
scalar of the form F(σ) = N
2
pl + ξσ
2, such as extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke
(N
pl = 0), or a non-minimally coupled scalar field with N
pl = M
pl, which permits
the gravitational constant to vary self-consistently in time and space. In addition, we allow the
effective gravitational constant on cosmological scales to differ from the Newton's measured constant
G, i.e. G
eff(z = 0) = G(1+Δ)2.
We study the impact of this imbalance Δ jointly with the coupling ξ into anisotropies of the
cosmic microwave background and matter power spectrum at low-redshift.
Combining the information from Planck 2018 CMB temperature, polarization and lensing, together with a compilation of BAO measurements from the release DR12 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic
Survey (BOSS), we constrain the imbalance to Δ = -0.022 ± 0.023 (68% CL) and the coupling parameter to 103
ξ < 0.82 (95% CL) for Jordan-Brans-Dicke and for a non-minimally coupled scalar
field with F(σ) = M
2
pl + ξσ
2 we constrain the imbalance to Δ > -0.018 (< 0.021) and the coupling parameter to ξ < 0.089 (ξ > - 0.041) both at 95% CL. With current data, we observe that the degeneracy between Δ, the coupling ξ to the Ricci scalar,
and H
0 allows for a larger value of the Hubble constant increasing the consistency between the
distance-ladder measurement of the Hubble constant from supernovae type Ia by the SH0ES team and its
value inferred by CMB data.
We also study how future cosmological observations can constrain the gravitational Newton's constant.
Future data such as the combination of CMB anisotropies from LiteBIRD and CMB-S4, and large-scale
structures galaxy clustering from DESI and galaxy shear from LSST reduce the uncertainty in Δ
to σ(Δ) ≃ 0.004.
A high power 1030 nm ytterbium doped fiber laser with a near diffraction limited quality using a 20/400 μm active fiber
Authors: Tabatabaei Jafari N , Batebi S , Sarikhani S , Eyni Chenar R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A 1030 nm ytterbium doped fiber laser (YDFL), made by using a 20/400 μm YDF, was studied both theoretically and experimentally in this article. From the theoretical point of view, it is found that the optimum length for the active fiber with higher than 30 dB suppression of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) effect is about 7.3 m. However, an output beam with a diffraction limited quality (M
2 = 1.16) and 735 W power with a slope efficiency of 77% and over 30 dB of signal to noise ratio without any sign of ASE was extracted from this YDFL.
Detection and identification of faults in clock ensembles with the generalized likelihood ratio test
Authors: Trainotti Christian , Giorgi Gabriele , Günther Christoph 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we propose an approach for performing fault detection and identification in clock ensembles based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. We show that by applying a set of purposefully-designed statistical tests, one can successfully detect faults occurring in a clock of the ensemble, and identify which measurement in the ensemble is most likely to have triggered the detection. We first develop the theoretical framework for the characterization of the detectors and their performance, and validate the derivations via Monte Carlo simulations. Then, we apply the statistical tests to an ensemble of cesium clocks, aiming at detecting and identifying three types of non-nominal behaviors. The faulty conditions are obtained by injecting a pattern of phase steps, a phase and frequency drift, and an oscillatory phase component.