bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a Model of Delivering Hepatitis C Care in a Homeless Metropolitan Population in England
Authors: Guerra-Veloz María Fernanda , Han Khin , Oakes Kathryn , Robertson David , Mohamed Almuthana , Cannon Mary , Barnabas Ashley , Shah Sital , Halford Rachel , Dusheiko Geoffrey , Agarwal Kosh 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Given the hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden and despite curative treatments, more efforts focused on scaling-up testing and treatment in homeless populations are needed. This project aimed to implement education and flexible on-site HCV testing, treatment, and follow-up for a homeless population in south London and to evaluate engagement, therapy initiation, and cure rates.

METHODS:
A mobile unit (van) for on-site HCV education, screening, treatment, and follow-up was placed on the street in a well-known homeless population areas from January 2018 to September 2021. Homeless was defined as living in temporary housing (hostel/hotel-based) or living on the street (street-based). Sociodemographic status, risk factors, comorbidities, concomitant medication, and data related with HCV treatment were recorded. Univariable and multivariable modeling were performed for treatment initiation and sustained virological response (SVR).

RESULTS:
Nine hundred forty homeless people were identified and 99.3% participated. 56.2% were street-based, 243 (26%) tested positive for HCV antibody, and 162 (17.4%) were viremic. Those with detectable HCV RNA had significantly more frequent psychiatric disorders, active substance use disorders, were on opioid agonist treatment, had advanced fibrosis, and had lower rates of previous treatment in comparison with undetectable HCV RNA. Overall treatment initiation was 70.4% and SVR was 72.8%. In the multivariable analysis, being screened in temporary housing (odds ratio [OR] 3.166; P = 0.002) and having opioid agonist treatment (OR 3.137; P = 0.004) were positively associated with treatment initiation. HCV treatment adherence (OR 26.552; P < 0.001) was the only factor associated with achieving SVR.

DISCUSSION:
Promoting education and having flexible and reflex mobile on-site testing and treatment for HCV in the homeless population improve engagement with the health care system, meaning higher rates of treatment initiation and SVR. However, street-based homeless population not linked with harm reduction services are less likely to initiate HCV treatment, highlighting an urgent need for a broad health inclusion system.
Rates of Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates From Clinical Trial Patients Across the US and Europe
Authors: Mégraud Francis , Graham David Y. , Howden Colin W. , Trevino Ernest , Weissfeld Alice , Hunt Barbara , Smith Neila , Leifke Eckhard , Chey William D. 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Guidelines recommend that proton pump inhibitor-based triple regimens with clarithromycin not be used for Helicobacter pylori infection in areas where clarithromycin resistance is ≥15%, or in patients with prior macrolide use. Up-to-date information on local resistance patterns is limited, especially in the US. Here, we report resistance rates to antibiotics commonly used to treat H. pylori from a large study conducted in the US and Europe (pHalcon-HP).

METHODS:
Gastric mucosal biopsies were collected from adult participants with H. pylori infection during screening. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined via agar dilution for clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, with breakpoints ≥1 μg/mL, >0.125 μg/mL, and >8 μg/mL, respectively. Resistance rates were obtained for the US and Europe, and also for US subregions and participating European countries.

RESULTS:
Resistance rates were established in isolates from 907 participants. Overall, 22.2% were resistant to clarithromycin, 1.2% to amoxicillin, and 69.2% to metronidazole. Resistance in the US and Europe was similar; metronidazole resistance was the most prevalent (50%–79%) and amoxicillin the least (≤5%). In all subregions, ≥15% of isolates were resistant to clarithromycin, except the UK (0/8 isolates). Among clarithromycin-resistant isolates, 75% were also metronidazole-resistant. Two US isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and amoxicillin; one of these was also metronidazole-resistant.

DISCUSSION:
The resistance rates observed in this study argue against the continued empiric use of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy containing clarithromycin, per treatment guidelines, and highlight the need for antibiotic resistance surveillance and novel treatment strategies for H. pylori infection in the US and Europe.

JOURNAL/ajgast/04.03/00000434-202302000-00021/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-18T071157Z/r/image-tiff
Reconocimiento de lengua de señas colombiana mediante redes neuronales convolucionales y captura de movimiento
Authors: Gutiérrez Leguizamón Juan José , Plazas López Jimmy Alejandro , Suárez Barón Marco Javier , González Sanabria Juan Sebastián 
Published: October 2022

Contexto: Este articulo presenta el diseño de un modelo predictivo computacional que facilita el reconocimiento de la lengua de señas colombiana (LSC) en un entorno hotelero y turístico.
Método: Se aplicaron técnicas de inteligencia artificial y redes neuronales profundas en el aprendizaje y la predicción de gestos en tiempo real, los cuales permitieron construir una herramienta para disminuir la brecha y fortalecer la comunicación. Se implementaron algoritmos de redes neuronales convolucionales sobre captura de datos en tiempo real. Se capturó movimiento mediante cámaras de video de dispositivos móviles; así, se obtuvieron las imágenes que forman el conjunto de datos. Las imágenes se utilizaron como datos de entrenamiento para un modelo computacional óptimo que puede predecir el significado de una imagen recién presentada.
Resultados: Se evaluó el rendimiento del modelo usando medidas categóricas y comparando diferentes configuraciones para la red neuronal. Adicional a esto, todo está soportado con el uso de herramientas como Tensorflow, OpenCV y MediaPipe.
Conclusiones: Se obtuvo un modelo capaz de identificar y traducir 39 señas diferentes entre palabras, números y frases básicas enfocadas al sector hotelero, donde se logró una tasa de éxito del 97,6 % en un ambiente de uso controlado.
Biblical references in catecheses about the Holy Mass by Cyril of Jerusalem
Authors: Widok Norbert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cyril of Jerusalem is one of the very important witnesses of faith in the East in the fourth century. He is the author of the Catecheses, which contain the content of the catechumenal and mystagogical teaching in Jerusalem. They are an excellent example of how to transmit Christian doctrine to candidates for Christianity and confirm it in the newly baptized. However, the basic method used by Cyril to convey his message is the use of biblical texts. The present study will show the motivation for using biblical references in two mystagogical catecheses on the Eucharist, i.e. Catechesis 22 and Catechesis 23. Their author emphasizes the formation of deep faith and Christian formation of the spirit in the audience. The analysis of the content of these catecheses also shows the principle of the catechist invoking biblical texts based on the active or passive involvement of participants in the liturgical rite. Secondary reasons for the use of quotations or paraphrases from the holy books of the Bible are also highlighted.
A protocol for canopy cover monitoring on forest restoration projects using low-cost drones
Authors: Albuquerque Rafael Walter , Matsumoto Marcelo Hiromiti , Calmon Miguel , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Vieira Daniel Luís Mascia , Grohmann Carlos Henrique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRemotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs) are becoming well-known for monitoring forest restoration (FR). Canopy cover percentage on a restoration site is a major indicator for the early phases of FR. We present a protocol to evaluate canopy cover using low-cost RPA and a friendly computational environment. We tested the protocol in six FR projects in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. After processing the images automatically to generate the digital surface model and the digital terrain model, the canopy cover is measured in QGIS by considering height thresholds in the canopy height model. The results hadF1 values higher than 0.9, which confirms a robust methodology that does not require specific computer science or remote sensing skills. Thus, low-cost RPA proved to be accurate and user-friendly in measuring the canopy cover, which improves monitoring during most FR stages. Such finding plays an important role in FR policies and future works must study a user-friendly protocol for measuring tree height via low-cost drones.
What does the processing of chunks by learners of Chinese tell us? An acceptability judgment investigation
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Wang Jue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chunks are multi-word sequences that constitute an important component of the mental lexicon. In second language (L2) acquisition, chunking is essential for attaining fluency and idiomaticity. In the present study, in order to examine whether chunks provide a processing advantage over non-chunks for L2 learners at different levels of proficiency, three groups (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) English-speaking learners of Chinese participated in an online acceptability judgment task and a familiarity rating task. Our results revealed that the participants in all three groups processed chunks faster and with fewer errors than they did non-chunks. It was also found that the observed processing advantage of chunks could not be explained by a familiarity effect alone, thus suggesting that L2 learners across the board store chunks as holistic units. The implications of chunk instruction in relation to input frequency and variability in L2 settings are also discussed.
Visitor restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic did not impact rates of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the NICU patients
Authors: Evans Hailey Zie , Bailey Sean , Verma Sourabh , Cicalese Erin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), patients are screened for colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and decolonized if positive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our NICU significantly limited its visitor policy. We assessed for a difference between S. aureus colonization rates before and after the visitor policy change, which coincided with the exponential rise of COVID-19 cases in New York City (NYC).

Methods
We calculated rates of newly S. aureus colonized NICU patients during January to June 2020 and compared rates pre- and post-implementation of the new visitor policy. Additionally, we obtained the weekly incidence of COVID-19 in NYC and assessed for a correlation between COVID-19 rates and S. aureus colonization.

Results
The number of newly colonized patients per thousand patient days was 4.65 pre- and 3.95 post-implementation of the new visitor policy. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.66). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 in NYC and the rates of S. aureus colonization in our NICU (R2=0.02).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that limiting visitation of patients is not associated with a decrease in S. aureus colonization rate. Hospital unit leaders may need to focus on other strategies in order to reduce colonization.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified cement-based materials: A systematic review
Authors: Zhai Mengyi , Zhao Jihui , Wang Dongmin , Gao Xuan , Wang Qibao , Li Zhangheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIon erosion and carbonization in concrete are the key factors leading to the deterioration of durability. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a kind of functional material with layered structures and ion exchange properties, which can capture a variety of harmful anions in concrete pore solutions. Therefore, LDHs exhibit great potential in improving the durability of concrete as new modified material. This article reviews the recent progress of LDHs. Based on the structural characteristics of LDHs, this work discusses the binding effect of LDHs on Cl−,SO42−{\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}, andCO32−{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}in cement-based materials. We also analyze the influence of LDHs on the physical, mechanical, and hydration properties of cement-based materials and describe the modification mechanisms. Further, the improved durability of concrete and the corrosion inhibition of reinforcement by LDHs were summarized. Finally, we briefly point out some problems in the current research and development trends in the future on LDHs modified cement-based materials.
Modi der (Nicht-)Verhandlungen
Authors: Dietrich Fabian , Kuhlmann Nele , Spitznagel Junis 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Mittelpunkt des Beitrages steht die Rekonstruktion berufskultureller Umgangsweisen mit den die schulischen Handlungslogiken infrage stellenden coronabedingten Schulschließungen. Berufskultur wird dabei als ein Modus Operandi gefasst, der sich im Zusammenspiel von lehrer*innenseitigen Selbst- und außerschulischen Fremdpositionierungen ausformt und als dieser berufsinterne Deutungs- und Handlungsweisen strukturiert. Zwei aufeinander bezogene Rekonstruktionen einer lehrerseitigen und einer ministeriellen Positionierung lassen eine komplementäre Figur einer vollständigen Delegation bzw. Inanspruchnahme von Verantwortung und Zuständigkeit erkennen. Die sich gegenseitig stützenden Positionierungen erscheinen in sich brüchig und verfehlen in ihrer Einseitigkeit die Strukturiertheit der beruflichen Handlungspraxis von Lehrer*innen. Damit verbunden werden Modi der Fremd- und Selbstpositionierungen herausgearbeitet, die Rückschlüsse auf berufskulturelle Formen der Stabilisierung derartiger Deutungen zulassen.
Die Schule in der Familie
Authors: Labede Julia 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Durch die andauernden Schulschließungen standen Familien in der Pandemie vor der Herausforderung, schulische Lern- und Arbeitsprozesse zeitlich und räumlich aufzufangen und in die Organisation des familiären Alltags zu integrieren. Erste Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie zeigen, wie sich Eltern aus ‚mittleren‘ sozialen Lagen in Relation zur Institution Schule und zu den schulischen Vertreter:innen positionieren. Gestützt auf eine familientheoretische Perspektive, die Familie und Schule als funktional ausdifferenzierte Sozialisationsinstanzen ausweist, wird das Spannungsfeld zwischen einer selbstverständlichen Verantwortungsübernahme und einer notwendig erscheinenden Widerständigkeit der Familie gegenüber schulischen Erwartungen und Anforderungen diskutiert. Heuristisch geschärft werden die Rekonstruktionsergebnisse zu zwei Interviews von Eltern mit ihren Kindern im Rekurs auf die von Oevermann grundgelegte, professionalisierungstheoretische Figur des pädagogischen Arbeitsbündnisses.
Teilnehmen am Online-Unterricht
Authors: Bossen Andrea 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie sind Lehrpersonen herausgefordert, Unterricht in den privaten Lebenswelten von Kindern zu organisieren. Online-Unterricht bietet die Möglichkeit, Schüler:innen mit entsprechender digitaler Ausstattung und Lehrperson als Unterrichtsgemeinschaft synchron zu versammeln. Dabei sind die basalen unterrichtlichen Praktiken (z.B. Melden, Anwesenheit prüfen, Redepflichten auferlegen, Tafelarbeit) nicht ohne Weiteres in die digitale Welt übertragbar. Entfaltet sich hier das Potenzial der Transformation unterrichtlicher Praktiken? Ethnographische Beobachtungen, die im Online-Unterricht dreier Grundschulen protokolliert wurden, zeigen übergreifende Handlungsprobleme, die von den Teilnehmer:innen in unterschiedlicher Weise (nicht) bearbeitet werden und auch wie die Teilnahme am gemeinsamen Unterricht neu verhandelt werden muss. Digitale Aktanten (z.B. Kamera, Mikrophon, Meldebutton) sind dabei entscheidende Teilnehmerinnen an unterrichtlichen Praktiken, die die Formen der Teilnahme am Online-Unterricht konturieren.
Interferenzen in digitalen Praktiken der Bereitstellung von unterrichtlichen Aufgaben
Authors: Rabenstein Kerstin , Wagener-Böck Nadine , Macgilchrist Felicitas , Bock Annekatrin 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden Praktiken im Zusammenhang mit dem Bereitstellen von unterrichtlichen Aufgaben über eine Schulplattform in einer Lerngruppe einer Gesamtschule während der Covid 19-Pandemie untersucht. Die Aufgaben über die Plattform zu prozessieren, wurde im Distanzlernen während der zeitweiligen Schulschließungen eingeführt und im Präsenzunterricht anschließend beibehalten. An ethnographischem Datenmaterial wird aus einer praxistheoretischen, posthumanistischen Perspektive analysiert, wie mit der Bezugnahme auf und durch das Agieren des Aufgabenmoduls verschiedene Interferenzen und insgesamt ein Interferenzmuster des ‚Sich Kümmerns‘ zu Tage tritt. Dieses Sich-Kümmern, das u.a. das Verfügbarmachen von Aufgaben auch dann aufrecht erhält, wenn sich einzelne unterrichtliche Praktiken in und durch die Pandemie verschieben, interferiert mit Annahmen über eine einfache, glatte Entwicklungs- und Effizienzsteigerung durch zunehmende automatisierte Technologien im Unterricht.
Scham und soziale Re-Positionierung
Authors: Parschick Sarina 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Schon seit einiger Zeit diskutiert die Soziologie verstärkt die Rolle von Emotionen im Sozialgefüge von Gegenwartsgesellschaften, auch mit Bezug auf Erfahrungen in Kontexten von Berufs- und Sorgearbeit. Dabei geht es u.a. um Schamgefühle. Prominente soziologische Beschreibungen legen nahe, dass diese Erfahrungen – mittels der Übernahme einer (tatsächlichen oder imaginierten) negativen Fremdperspektive – die Akzeptanz einer ‚angestammten‘ sozialen Position, also Konformität, erzeugen. Einige Ansätze setzen zwar andere Akzente, beziehen diese aber selten auf die o.g. Kontexte. Im Rückgriff auf die dokumentarische Auswertung sieben narrativer Interviews zeigt dieser Beitrag anhand von drei exemplarischen Fallanalysen, dass es Muster der Deutung lebensgeschichtlich einschneidender Schamerlebnisse gibt, die auf andere Prozesse verweisen, konkret: die Eingrenzung von Aufstiegsambitionen, das Abdriften und der Wechsel des Bezugssystems. Scham erscheint hier als wichtiger Katalysator emergenter Re-Positionierungen, mit Folgen für Identitätsentwürfe und ein bestehendes Ordnungsgefüge. Es wird diskutiert, ob diese mikrosoziologisch beobachtbaren Re-Positionierungen Einfluss auf die soziale Ordnung haben.
Early Life Pain Experience Changes Adult Functional Pain Connectivity in the Rat Somatosensory and the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Chang Pishan , Fabrizi Lorenzo , Fitzgerald Maria 
Published: October 2022

Early life pain (ELP) experience alters adult pain behavior and increases injury-induced pain hypersensitivity, but the effect of ELP on adult functional brain connectivity is not known. We have performed continuous local field potential (LFP) recording in the awake adult male rats to test the effect of ELP on functional cortical connectivity related to pain behavior. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) LFPs evoked by mechanical hindpaw stimulation were recorded simultaneously with pain reflex behavior for 10 d after adult incision injury. We show that, after adult injury, sensory evoked S1 LFP δ and γ energy and S1 LFP δ/γ frequency coupling are significantly increased in ELP rats compared with controls. Adult injury also induces increases in S1-mPFC functional connectivity, but this is significantly prolonged in ELP rats, lasting 4 d compared with 1 d in controls. Importantly, the increases in LFP energy and connectivity in ELP rats were directly correlated with increased behavioral pain hypersensitivity. Thus, ELP alters adult brain functional connectivity, both within and between cortical areas involved in sensory and affective dimensions of pain. The results reveal altered brain connectivity as a mechanism underlying the effects of ELP on adult pain perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPain and stress in early life has a lasting impact on pain behavior and may increase vulnerability to chronic pain in adults. Here, we record pain-related cortical activity and simultaneous pain behavior in awake adult male rats previously exposed to pain in early life. We show that functional connectivity within and between the somatosensory cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is increased in these rats and that these increases are correlated with their behavioral pain hypersensitivity. The results reveal that early life pain (ELP) alters adult brain connectivity, which may explain the impact of childhood pain on adult chronic pain vulnerability.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: The protection of mammalian spermatozoa against oxidative stress
Authors: O’Flaherty Cristian , Scarlata Eleonora 
Published: October 2022

In brief
This review focuses on the enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms to fight oxidative stress by spermatozoa, highlighting the differences among mammalian species. We discuss recent evidence about players that promote and fight oxidative stress and the need for novel strategies to diagnose and treat cases of male infertility associated with oxidative damage of the spermatozoon.

Abstract
The spermatozoon is very sensitive to high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to its limited antioxidant system. A consortium of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), thioredoxins, and glutathione-S-transferases, is necessary to produce healthy spermatozoa and to maintain sperm quality to ensure motility, capacitation, and DNA integrity. A delicate balance between ROS production and antioxidant enzymes is needed to ensure ROS-dependent sperm capacitation. GPX4 is an essential component of the mitochondrial sheath in mammalian spermatozoa, and GPX5 is a crucial antioxidant defence in the mouse epididymis to protect the sperm genome during the maturation of the spermatozoon. The mitochondrial superoxide (O2·–) production is controlled by SOD2, and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by SOD2 activity and peroxynitrite (ONOO–) are scavenged mainly by PRDXs in human spermatozoa. PRDXs regulate the redox signalling necessary for sperm motility and capacitation, particularly by PRDX6. This enzyme is the first line of defence against oxidative stress to prevent lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation by scavenging H2O2 and ONOO– through its peroxidase activity and repairing oxidized membranes by its calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity. The success of antioxidant therapy in treating infertility resides in the proper diagnosis of the presence of oxidative stress and which type of ROS are produced. Thus, more research on the molecular mechanisms affected by oxidative stress, the development of novel diagnostic tools to identify infertile patients with oxidative stress, and randomized controlled trials are of paramount importance to generate personalized antioxidant therapy to restore male fertility.