bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-clad Inconel 625 coatings on Q245R structure steel: microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance
Authors: Gui Wanyuan , Zhong Cheng , Gu Junyi , Ding Yuhang , Wang Xiaoming , Wu Tao , Liang Yongfeng , Qin Jingyan , Qu Yuhai , Lin Junpin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, ultra-low dilution rate Inconel 625 coatings with a thickness of ~534.4 μm were prepared by high-speed laser cladding technique on the Q245R steel. The XRD and TEM results show that the Inconel 625 coatings are mainly composed of the Nb and Mo-enriched laves phase with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure and the γ-Ni phase with face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure. The cellular crystal, column crystal, and equiaxed dendritic crystal were observed in the bottom, middle, and top of the Inconel 625 coatings from SEM results, respectively. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Q245R steel are significantly improved by high-speed laser cladding Inconel 625 coatings. In addition, the low dilution rate is beneficial for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of high-speed laser cladding Inconel 625 coatings. These findings may provide a method to design the wear and corrosion resistance of coatings on steel's surface.
A single intranasal dose of human parainfluenza virus type 3-vectored vaccine induces effective antibody and memory T cell response in the lungs and protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ilinykh Philipp A. , Periasamy Sivakumar , Huang Kai , Kuzmina Natalia A. , Ramanathan Palaniappan , Meyer Michelle N. , Mire Chad E. , Kuzmin Ivan V. , Bharaj Preeti , Endsley Jessica R. , Chikina Maria , Sealfon Stuart C. , Widen Steven G. , Endsley Mark A. , Bukreyev Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRespiratory tract vaccination has an advantage of needle-free delivery and induction of mucosal immune response in the portal of SARS-CoV-2 entry. We utilized human parainfluenza virus type 3 vector to generate constructs expressing the full spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, its S1 subunit, or the receptor-binding domain, and tested them in hamsters as single-dose intranasal vaccines. The construct bearing full-length S induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies specific to S protein domains critical to the protein functions. Robust memory T cell responses in the lungs were also induced, which represent an additional barrier to infection and should be less sensitive than the antibody responses to mutations present in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, animals were protected from the disease and detectable viral replication. Vaccination prevented induction of gene pathways associated with inflammation. These results indicate advantages of respiratory vaccination against COVID-19 and inform the design of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
CDK1–cyclin-B1-induced kindlin degradation drives focal adhesion disassembly at mitotic entry
Authors: Chen Nan-Peng , Aretz Jonas , Fässler Reinhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe disassembly of integrin-containing focal adhesions (FAs) at mitotic entry is essential for cell rounding, mitotic retraction fibre formation, bipolar spindle positioning and chromosome segregation. The mechanism that drives FA disassembly at mitotic entry is unknown. Here, we show that the CDK1–cyclin B1 complex phosphorylates the integrin activator kindlin, which results in the recruitment of the cullin 9–FBXL10 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates kindlin ubiquitination and degradation. This molecular pathway is essential for FA disassembly and cell rounding, as phospho-inhibitory mutations of the CDK1 motif prevent kindlin degradation, FA disassembly and mitotic cell rounding. Conversely, phospho-mimetic mutations promote kindlin degradation in interphase, accelerate mitotic cell rounding and impair mitotic retraction fibre formation. Despite the opposing effects on kindlin stability, both types of mutations cause severe mitotic spindle defects, apoptosis and aneuploidy. Thus, the exquisite regulation of kindlin levels at mitotic entry is essential for cells to progress accurately through mitosis.
Global analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters reveals conserved and unique natural products in entomopathogenic nematode-symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Shi Yi-Ming , Hirschmann Merle , Shi Yan-Ni , Ahmed Shabbir , Abebew Desalegne , Tobias Nicholas J. , Grün Peter , Crames Jan J. , Pöschel Laura , Kuttenlochner Wolfgang , Richter Christian , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Pidot Sacha J. , Stinear Timothy P. , Groll Michael , Kim Yonggyun , Bode Helge B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms contribute to the biology and physiology of eukaryotic hosts and affect other organisms through natural products. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus (XP) living in mutualistic symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes generate natural products to mediate bacteria–nematode–insect interactions. However, a lack of systematic analysis of the XP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has limited the understanding of how natural products affect interactions between the organisms. Here we combine pangenome and sequence similarity networks to analyse BGCs from 45 XP strains that cover all sequenced strains in our collection and represent almost all XP taxonomy. The identified 1,000 BGCs belong to 176 families. The most conserved families are denoted by 11 BGC classes. We homologously (over)express the ubiquitous and unique BGCs and identify compounds featuring unusual architectures. The bioactivity evaluation demonstrates that the prevalent compounds are eukaryotic proteasome inhibitors, virulence factors against insects, metallophores and insect immunosuppressants. These findings explain the functional basis of bacterial natural products in this tripartite relationship.
Population genomics confirms acquisition of drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus infection by humans from the environment
Authors: Rhodes Johanna , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Dunne Katie , Sewell Thomas R. , Zhang Yuyi , Ballard Eloise , Brackin Amelie P. , van Rhijn Norman , Chown Harry , Tsitsopoulou Alexandra , Posso Raquel B. , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , McElvaney Noel G. , Murphy Philip G. , Talento Alida Fe , Renwick Julie , Dyer Paul S. , Szekely Adrien , Bowyer Paul , Bromley Michael J. , Johnson Elizabeth M. , Lewis White P. , Warris Adilia , Barton Richard C. , Schelenz Silke , Rogers Thomas R. , Armstrong-James Darius , Fisher Matthew C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfections caused by the fungal pathogenAspergillus fumigatusare increasingly resistant to first-line azole antifungal drugs. However, despite its clinical importance, little is known about how susceptible patients acquire infection from drug-resistant genotypes in the environment. Here, we present a population genomic analysis of 218A. fumigatusisolates from across the UK and Ireland (comprising 153 clinical isolates from 143 patients and 65 environmental isolates). First, phylogenomic analysis shows strong genetic structuring into two clades (A and B) with little interclade recombination and the majority of environmental azole resistance found within clade A. Second, we show occurrences where azole-resistant isolates of near-identical genotypes were obtained from both environmental and clinical sources, indicating with high confidence the infection of patients with resistant isolates transmitted from the environment. Third, genome-wide scans identified selective sweeps across multiple regions indicating a polygenic basis to the trait in some genetic backgrounds. These signatures of positive selection are seen for loci containing the canonical genes encoding fungicide resistance in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, while other regions under selection have no defined function. Lastly, pan-genome analysis identified genes linked to azole resistance and previously unknown resistance mechanisms. Understanding the environmental drivers and genetic basis of evolving fungal drug resistance needs urgent attention, especially in light of increasing numbers of patients with severe viral respiratory tract infections who are susceptible to opportunistic fungal superinfections.
Swarm learning for decentralized artificial intelligence in cancer histopathology
Authors: Saldanha Oliver Lester , Quirke Philip , West Nicholas P. , James Jacqueline A. , Loughrey Maurice B. , Grabsch Heike I. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Alwers Elizabeth , Cifci Didem , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , Seibel Tobias , Gray Richard , Hutchins Gordon G. A. , Brenner Hermann , van Treeck Marko , Yuan Tanwei , Brinker Titus J. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Khader Firas , Schuppert Andreas , Luedde Tom , Trautwein Christian , Muti Hannah Sophie , Foersch Sebastian , Hoffmeister Michael , Truhn Daniel , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) can predict the presence of molecular alterations directly from routine histopathology slides. However, training robust AI systems requires large datasets for which data collection faces practical, ethical and legal obstacles. These obstacles could be overcome with swarm learning (SL), in which partners jointly train AI models while avoiding data transfer and monopolistic data governance. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of SL in large, multicentric datasets of gigapixel histopathology images from over 5,000 patients. We show that AI models trained using SL can predict BRAF mutational status and microsatellite instability directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained pathology slides of colorectal cancer. We trained AI models on three patient cohorts from Northern Ireland, Germany and the United States, and validated the prediction performance in two independent datasets from the United Kingdom. Our data show that SL-trained AI models outperform most locally trained models, and perform on par with models that are trained on the merged datasets. In addition, we show that SL-based AI models are data efficient. In the future, SL can be used to train distributed AI models for any histopathology image analysis task, eliminating the need for data transfer.
Role of Majorana fermions in high-harmonic generation from Kitaev chain
Authors: Pattanayak Adhip , Pujari Sumiran , Dixit Gopal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe observation of Majorana fermions as collective excitations in condensed-matter systems is an ongoing quest, and several state-of-the-art experiments have been performed in the last decade. As a potential avenue in this direction, we simulate the high-harmonic spectrum of Kitaev’s superconducting chain model that hosts Majorana edge modes in its topological phase. It is well-known that this system exhibits a topological–trivial superconducting phase transition. We demonstrate that high-harmonic spectroscopy is sensitive to the phase transition in presence of open boundary conditions due to the presence or absence of these edge modes. The population dynamics of the Majorana edge modes are different from the bulk modes, which is the underlying reason for the distinct harmonic profile of both the phases. On the contrary, in presence of periodic boundary conditions with only bulk modes, high-harmonic spectroscopy becomes insensitive to the phase transition with similar harmonic profiles in both phases.
Single center analysis of an advisable control interval for follow-up of patients with PI-RADS category 3 in multiparametric MRI of the prostate
Authors: Boschheidgen M. , Schimmöller L. , Doerfler S. , Al-Monajjed R. , Morawitz J. , Ziayee F. , Mally D. , Quentin M. , Arsov C. , Albers P. , Antoch G. , Ullrich T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo evaluate if follow-up mpMRI scans of patients in PI-RADS category 3 are safe enough to omit or delay prostate biopsy in the future and to determine an optimal control interval. This retrospective single center study includes consecutive PI-RADS category 3 patients with one or more follow-up mpMRI (T2WI, DWI, DCE) and subsequent MRI-targeted and systematic TRUS-guided biopsy between 2012 and 2018. Primary study objective was the verification of a significant PI-RADS category upgrade in follow-up mpMRI in patients with subsequent PCA positive biopsy versus patients with negative biopsy. Further objectives were development of the PI-RADS category and clinical parameters between initial and follow-up mpMRI in the context of histopathologic results and time interval. Eighty-nine patients (median PSA 6.6 ng/ml; PSAD 0.13 ng/ml/ml) were finally included (follow-up period 31 ± 18 months). 19 cases had PCA (median PSA 7.8 ng/ml; PSAD 0.14 ng/ml/ml). 4 cases had csPCA (median PSA 5.4 ng/ml; PSAD 0.13 ng/ml/ml) for which there was a significant PI-RADS upgrade after 12–24 months (mean 3.75; p = 0.01) compared to patients without PCA (mean 2.74). Without PCA the mean PI-RADS category decreased after 25–36 months (mean 2.74; p = 0.02). Clinical parameters did not change significantly except a PSAD increase for PCA patients after 24 months. Patients within PI-RADS category 3 may not need prompt biopsy since those with PCA reliably demonstrate a PI-RADS category upgrade in follow-up mpMRI after 12–24 months. PI-RADS 3 patients with negative biopsy do not benefit from follow-up mpMRI earlier than 24 months.
Dynamics, phylogeny and phyto-stimulating potential of chitinase synthesizing bacterial root endosymbiosiome of North Western Himalayan Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Padder Shahid Ahmad , Rather Rauoof Ahmad , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Shah M. D. , Baba Tawseef Rehman , Mubarak N. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe less phytopathogen susceptibility in Himalayan Brassica rapa L. has made it an exceptional crop eluding synthetic pesticide inputs, thereby guarantying economically well-founded and ecologically sustainable agriculture. The relevance of niche microflora of this crop has not been deliberated in this context, as endosymbiosiome is more stable than their rhizosphere counterparts on account of their restricted acquaintance with altering environment; therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the endophytic microfloral dynamics across the B. rapa germplasm in context to their ability to produce chitinase and to characterize the screened microflora for functional and biochemical comportments in relevance to plant growth stimulation. A total of 200 colonies of bacterial endophytes were isolated from the roots of B. rapa across the J&K UT, comprising 66 locations. After morphological, ARDRA, and sequence analysis, eighty-one isolates were selected for the study, among the isolated microflora Pseudomonas sp. Bacillus sp. dominated. Likewise, class γ-proteobacteria dominated, followed by Firmicutes. The diversity studies have exposed changing fallouts on all the critical diversity indices, and while screening the isolated microflora for chitinase production, twenty-two strains pertaining to different genera produced chitinase. After carbon source supplementation to the chitinase production media, the average chitinase activity was significantly highest in glycerol supplementation. These 22 strains were further studied, and upon screening them for their fungistatic behavior against six fungal species, wide diversity was observed in this context. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated strains against chloramphenicol, rifampicin, amikacin, erythromycin, and polymyxin-B showed that the strains were primarily sensitive to chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Among all the strains, only eleven produced indole acetic acid, ten were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate and eight produced siderophores. The hydrocyanic acid and ammonia production was observed in seven strains each. Thus, the present investigation revealed that these strains could be used as potential plant growth promoters in sustainable agriculture systems besides putative biocontrol agents.
Arctic drainage of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater throughout the past 14,700 years
Authors: Süfke Finn , Gutjahr Marcus , Keigwin Lloyd D. , Reilly Brendan , Giosan Liviu , Lippold Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the last deglaciation substantial volumes of meltwater from the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet were supplied to the Arctic, Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic along different drainage routes, sometimes as catastrophic flood events. These events are suggested to have impacted global climate, for example initiating the Younger Dryas cold period. Here we analyze the authigenic Pb isotopic composition of sediments in front of the Arctic Mackenzie Delta, a sensitive tracer for elevated freshwater runoff of the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our data reveal continuous meltwater supply to the Arctic along the Mackenzie River since the onset of the Bølling–Allerød. The strongest Lake Agassiz outflow event is observed at the end of the Bølling–Allerød close to the onset of the Younger Dryas. In context of deglacial North American runoff records from the southern and eastern outlets, our findings provide a detailed reconstruction of the deglacial drainage chronology of the disintegrating Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Biomarker modeling of Alzheimer’s disease using PET-based Braak staging
Authors: Therriault Joseph , Pascoal Tharick A. , Lussier Firoza Z. , Tissot Cécile , Chamoun Mira , Bezgin Gleb , Servaes Stijn , Benedet Andrea L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Lantero-Rodriguez Juan , Kunach Peter , Wang Yi-Ting , Fernandez-Arias Jaime , Massarweh Gassan , Vitali Paolo , Soucy Jean-Paul , Saha-Chaudhuri Paramita , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGold-standard diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relies on histopathological staging systems. Using the topographical information from [18F]MK6240 tau positron-emission tomography (PET), we applied the Braak tau staging system to 324 living individuals. We used PET-based Braak stage to model the trajectories of amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau (pTau) in cerebrospinal fluid (pTau181, pTau217, pTau231 and pTau235) and plasma (pTau181 and pTau231), neurodegeneration and cognitive symptoms. We identified nonlinear AD biomarker trajectories corresponding to the spatial extent of tau-PET, with modest biomarker changes detectable by Braak stage II and significant changes occurring at stages III–IV, followed by plateaus. Early Braak stages were associated with isolated memory impairment, whereas Braak stages V–VI were incompatible with normal cognition. In 159 individuals with follow-up tau-PET, progression beyond stage III took place uniquely in the presence of amyloid-β positivity. Our findings support PET-based Braak staging as a framework to model the natural history of AD and monitor AD severity in living humans.
Spatial structure impacts adaptive therapy by shaping intra-tumoral competition
Authors: Strobl Maximilian A. R. , Gallaher Jill , West Jeffrey , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Maini Philip K. , Anderson Alexander R. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Adaptive therapy aims to tackle cancer drug resistance by leveraging resource competition between drug-sensitive and resistant cells. Here, we present a theoretical study of intra-tumoral competition during adaptive therapy, to investigate under which circumstances it will be superior to aggressive treatment.

Methods
We develop and analyse a simple, 2-D, on-lattice, agent-based tumour model in which cells are classified as fully drug-sensitive or resistant. Subsequently, we compare this model to its corresponding non-spatial ordinary differential equation model, and fit it to longitudinal prostate-specific antigen data from 65 prostate cancer patients undergoing intermittent androgen deprivation therapy following biochemical recurrence.

Results
Leveraging the individual-based nature of our model, we explicitly demonstrate competitive suppression of resistance during adaptive therapy, and examine how different factors, such as the initial resistance fraction or resistance costs, alter competition. This not only corroborates our theoretical understanding of adaptive therapy, but also reveals that competition of resistant cells with each other may play a more important role in adaptive therapy in solid tumours than was previously thought. To conclude, we present two case studies, which demonstrate the implications of our work for: (i) mathematical modelling of adaptive therapy, and (ii) the intra-tumoral dynamics in prostate cancer patients during intermittent androgen deprivation treatment, a precursor of adaptive therapy.

Conclusion
Our work shows that the tumour’s spatial architecture is an important factor in adaptive therapy and provides insights into how adaptive therapy leverages both inter- and intra-specific competition to control resistance.
Copper-mediated etherification via aryl radicals generated from triplet states
Authors: Zhang Li , Israel Eva M. , Yan Jiyao , Ritter Tobias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon–heteroatom (C–X) cross-coupling is a common method for bond-forming reactions in chemistry but the more electronegative the heteroatom X is, the more challenging the bond formation becomes. Although reductive elimination from Cu(III) intermediates to form C–X bonds is generally a facile reaction, oxidative addition of Cu(I) into the carbon–(pseudo)halide bond of aryl (pseudo)halides is energetically challenging. Therefore, cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with a variety of nucleophiles is currently out of reach for methods based on copper. Here we present a strategy to bypass the high-barrier oxidative addition step to aryl halides by the generation of aryl radicals from triplet states. Photoinduced energy transfer to, or direct excitation of, aryl halides even enables the use of aryl chlorides as electrophilic coupling partners. This strategy allows for the use of alcohols, amines and fluoride as nucleophiles and expands the scope of copper-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity with phosphines of Hg(ii)ortho-cyano-aminothiophenolate complexes formedviaC–S bond cleavage and dehydrogenation of 2-aminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Al-Jibori Subhi A. , Irzoqi Ahmed A. , Al-Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Al-Nassiry Amenah I. A. , Basak-Modi Sucharita , Ghosh Shishir , Wagner Christoph , Hogarth Graeme 
Published: April 2022

Hg(ii)ortho-cyano-aminothiophenolate (ocap) complexes [Hg{SC6H3XN(CN)}]n (X = H, Me, Cl, Br, NO2) have been prepared from dehydrogenation and C–S bond cleavage of 2-aminobenzothiazoles.
RSCV: Reversible Select, cross and variation architecture in quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Kundu Arpita , Chandra Das Jadav , De Debashis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, CMOS semiconductor has been a growing and evolving technology in VLSI. However, due to the scaling issue and some other constraints like heat generation, high power consumption QCA (quantum cellular automata) emerged as an alternate and enhanced solution that provides a new technique of computing than CMOS in recent years. QCA is highly effective in implementing both Irreversible and Reversible logic, which has been shown to be incredibly efficient in terms of power consumption. A novel technique to data encryption called as SCV (select, cross, and variation) is demonstrated in this paper, which is based on ASCII to binary conversion and uses reversible logic. The data security procedure is aided by implementing SCV logic in reversible logic. Using Fredkin gate, it is built in QCA. QCADesigner tool has been used here for design and verification purposes. Total 80 cell counts and 0.14 μm2 area are required. The theoretical data and the simulation results are the same as the intended circuit. Comparison to previous QCA architectural features is featured.