bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Local Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Surgical Bleeding in Soft-Tissue Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Plastic Surgery
Authors: Ausen Kjersti , Fossmark Reidar , Spigset Olav , Pleym Hilde 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Although high-bleed surgery routinely utilizes the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid, most plastic surgical procedures are conducted in soft tissue with low-volume bleeding. Unease regarding possible systemic adverse effects prevents widespread systemic use, but local use of tranexamic acid is gaining popularity among plastic surgeons. Randomized controlled trials on topical use of tranexamic acid are mainly from high-bleed surgeries, and few studies address the effect in soft tissue. This article reviews the scientific evidence regarding local use of tranexamic acid in soft-tissue surgery, discusses pharmacological effects and possible adverse reactions, and presents recommendations for use in plastic surgery.

Methods:
A systematic search of databases for studies on local use of tranexamic acid in soft-tissue surgery was performed. Randomized controlled trials were included for a systematic review on effect; a narrative review regarding other clinically relevant aspects is based on extensive literature searches combined with the authors’ own research.

Results:
Fourteen randomized controlled trials, including 1923 patients, were included in the systematic review on local use of tranexamic acid in soft-tissue surgery.

Conclusions:
Local use of tranexamic acid may reduce blood loss comparably to intravenous prophylactic use with negligible risk of systemic adverse effects, but high-quality randomized controlled trials are few. Prolonged exposure to high local concentrations is discouraged, and direct contact with the central nervous system may cause seizures. No single superior means of administration or dosage is supported in the literature, and lowest effective dose is unknown. There may not be one single ideal dosing regimen, but rather many possibilities adaptable for different surgical situations.
How Do You Like Me Now? The Influence of “Likes” and Followers on Social Media in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Bhat Deepa , Kollu Tejas , Ricci Joseph A. , Patel Ashit 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The number of “likes” and followers on social media is a surrogate marker for peer acceptance and popularity, but the influence of likes and followers on prospective plastic surgery patients has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of followers or likes on social media has an impact on perceived surgeon competence or likelihood of recruiting new patients.

Methods:
A fictitious Instagram page was created with different permutations displaying different numbers of followers on the page. Similarly, fictitious Instagram posts were created displaying before-and-after results of ideal and suboptimal breast augmentation and gynecomastia surgery results, with the number of likes being the only variable. Using a crowdsourcing platform, survey responders rated surgeon competence and likelihood of patient recruitment based on the Instagram post.

Results:
A total of 4284 responses were collected. The number of followers or likes did not impact perceived surgeon competence or patient recruitment scores. Optimal surgical results consistently scored higher than suboptimal results, regardless of the number of likes. Almost half the responders were unable to identify the American Board of Plastic Surgery as the appropriate board certification for performing aesthetic breast or body surgery.

Conclusions:
A high number of followers or likes, by itself, is unlikely to translate into higher likelihood of recruiting new patients. Overall, aesthetic results seem to be the most important driving force in receiving high competence scores and recruiting new patients, rather than social media presence or board certification.
Use of Diagnosis Codes to Find Blood Transfusion Adverse Events in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Bright Roselie A. , Bright-Ponte Susan J. , Palmer Lee Anne M. , Rankin Summer K. , Blok Sergey V. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Electronic health records (EHRs) and big data tools offer the opportunity for surveillance of adverse events (patient harm associated with medical care). We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes in electronic records to identify known, and potentially novel, adverse reactions to blood transfusion.

Methods
We used 49,331 adult admissions involving critical care at a major teaching hospital, 2001–2012, in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III EHRs database. We formed a T (defined as packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma) group of 21,443 admissions versus 25,468 comparison (C) admissions. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis codes were compared for T versus C, described, and tested with statistical tools.

Results
Transfusion adverse events (TAEs) such as transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO; 12 T cases; rate ratio [RR], 15.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.49–98) were found. There were also potential TAEs similar to TAEs, such as fluid overload disorder (361 T admissions; RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.88–2.65), similar to TACO. Some diagnoses could have been sequelae of TAEs, including nontraumatic compartment syndrome of abdomen (52 T cases; RR, 6.76; 95% CI, 3.40–14.9) possibly being a consequence of TACO.

Conclusions
Surveillance for diagnosis codes that could be TAE sequelae or unrecognized TAE might be useful supplements to existing medical product adverse event programs.
Increased Genioglossus Muscle FDG Activity Due to Using Pacifier
Authors: Tong Celia , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An 18-month-old girl with history of liver transplant underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. In addition to multistation hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy and abnormal activity in the liver, stomach, and small bowel, in keeping with known posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, the images also showed focal activity in the submental region. This submental activity persisted on 2 separate follow-up FDG PET/CT studies, even though other foci of abnormal activity resolved after chemotherapy. Records revealed that the patient was sucking on a pacifier prior to all 3 FDG PET/CT studies, and the submental uptake corresponded with genioglossus muscle activity.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in HIV-Positive Patient With Primary Pancreas Lymphoma and CMV Pancreatitis
Authors: Beyhan Ediz , Erol Fenercioğlu Özge , Şahin Rahime , Baloğlu Mehmet Can , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 35-year-old HIV-positive man with abdominal pain was referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of mass in pancreas. PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in head of the pancreas, as well as diffuse moderate uptake throughout body and tail of the pancreas. Histopathological results revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated large B-cell lymphoma and pancreatitis caused by cytomegalovirus.
Incidental Detection of Viral Conjunctivitis on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in a Patient Suspected With Von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome
Authors: Mathur Yamini , Krishnaraju Venkata Subramanian , Singh Harmandeep , Kumar Rajender , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder. It is associated with a spectrum of benign and malignant tumors, including pancreatic and adrenal neuroendocrine tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and retina. 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT has shown somatostatin receptor expression in inflammatory conditions. In the present case, we report that 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT demonstrates the tracer avidity in the bilateral swollen eyelids in a patient with clinical suspicion of Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, which was confirmed as viral conjunctivitis on clinical examination.
The Kampala Trauma Score: A 20-year track record
Authors: Rosenkrantz Leah , Schuurman Nadine , Hameed Morad S. , Boniface Respicious , Lett Ronald 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Quantifying the severity of traumatic injury has been foundational for the standardization of outcomes, quality improvement research, and health policy throughout the evolution of trauma care systems. Many injury severity scores are difficult to calculate and implement, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where human resources are limited. The Kampala Trauma Score (KTS)—a simplification of the Trauma Injury Severity Score—was developed in 2000 to accommodate these settings. Since its development, numerous instances of KTS use have been documented, but extent of adoption is unknown. More importantly, does the KTS remain useful for determining injury severity in LMICs? This review aims to better understand the legacy of the KTS and assess its strengths and weaknesses. Three databases were searched to identify scientific papers concerning the KTS. Google Scholar was searched to identify grey literature. The search returned 357 papers, of which 199 met inclusion criteria. Eighty-five studies spanning 16 countries used the KTS in clinical settings. Thirty-seven studies validated the KTS, assessing its ability to predict outcomes such as mortality or need for admission. Over 80% of these studies reported the KTS equalled or exceeded more complicated scores at predicting mortality. The KTS has stood the test of time, proving itself over the last twenty years as an effective measure of injury severity across numerous contexts. We recommend the KTS as a means of strengthening trauma systems in LMICs and suggest it could benefit high-income trauma systems that do not measure injury severity.
Appendectomy versus nonoperative management of simple appendicitis: A post hoc analysis of an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study using a hierarchical ordinal scale
Authors: Yeh D. Dante , Vasileiou Georgia , Qian Sinong , Zhang Hang , Abdul Jawad Khaled , Dodgion Chris , Lawless Ryan , Rattan Rishi , Pust G. Daniel , Namias Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Controversy exists about the preferred initial treatment of appendicitis. We sought to compare the two treatments for initial management of simple appendicitis.

METHODS
In this post hoc analysis of the Multicenter Study for the Treatment of Appendicitis in America: Acute, Perforated, and Gangrenous database, subjects were divided into appendectomy or nonoperative management (NOM; antibiotics only or percutaneous drainage) cohorts. A novel topic-specific hierarchical ordinal scale was created with eight mutually exclusive categories: mortality, reoperation, other secondary interventions, readmission, emergency department visit, wound complication, surgical site infection, and no complication. Pairwise comparisons of American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Imaging Severity Grade 1 (simple appendicitis) patients were compared using win-lose-tie scoring and the sums of appendectomy/NOM groups were compared.

RESULTS
A total 3,591 subjects were included: 3,262 appendectomy and 329 NOM, with significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Across 28 sites, the rate of NOM ranged from 0% to 48%, and the loss to follow-up rate was significantly higher for NOM compared with appendectomy (16.5% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.024). In the simple appendicitis hierarchical ordinal scale analysis, 2,319 subjects resulted in 8,714,304 pairwise comparisons; 75% of comparisons resulted in ties. The median (interquartile range) sums for the two groups are as follows: surgical, 400 (400–400), and NOM, 400 (−2,427 to 400) (p < 0.001). A larger proportion of appendectomy subjects (88.1%) had an outcome that was equivalent (or better) than at least half of the subjects compared with NOM subjects (NOM, 70.5%; OR [95% confidence interval], 0.3 [0.2–0.4]).

CONCLUSION
In contemporary American practice, appendectomy (compared with NOM) for simple appendicitis is associated with lower odds of developing clinically important unfavorable outcomes in the first year after illness.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Prognostic Value of the Neurological Pupil Index in Patients With Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Sharma Rahul A. , Garza Philip S. , Biousse Valérie , Samuels Owen B. , Newman Nancy J. , Bruce Beau B. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The Neurological Pupil index (NPi) provides a quantitative assessment of pupil reactivity and may have prognostic value in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We aimed to explore associations between the NPi and clinical outcomes in patients with SAH.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 79 consecutive patients with acute SAH. Age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, and respiratory failure and NPi in each eye were recorded at admission. The primary outcomes included death and poor clinical outcome (defined as inpatient death, care withdrawal, or discharge Glasgow Outcome Score <4). Groups were compared using the Fisher exact test, and predictive models developed with fast-and-frugal trees (FFTs).

Results:
A total of 53 patients were included: 21 (40%) had poor clinical outcomes and 2 (4%) died. Univariate analysis found that only APACHE-II score (P < 0.001) and respiratory failure (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. NPi was lower among patients with poor clinical outcomes (mean 4.3 in the right eye and 4.2 in the left eye) vs those without (mean 4.5 in the right eye and 4.5 in the left eye), but neither was significant. However, the most accurate FFTs for death and poor clinical outcome included NPi after accounting for age in the death FFT and APACHE-II score in the poor outcome FFT (sensitivity [sn] = 100%, specificity [sp] = 94%, and accuracy (ac) = 94% in a model for death; sn = 100%, sp = 50%, and ac = 70%) in a model for poor clinical outcome.

Conclusions:
Our study supports the NPi as a useful prognostic marker for poor outcomes in acute SAH after accounting for age and APACHE-II score.
Sutcliffiella deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil
Authors: Bai Pengze , Zhang Siyue , Chen Ya , Ping Weiwei , Pang Huancheng , Du Jie , Li Yuyi , Zhang Jianli 
Published: February 2022

A Gram-stain-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DG-18T, was isolated from desert soil sampled at the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia, China. Strain DG-18T grew at 4–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 8.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 9.0) and with 0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain DG-18T within the genus

Sutcliffiella

of the family

Bacillaceae

with

Sutcliffiella halmapala

DSM 8723T (98.2%),

Sutcliffiella zhanjiangensis

JSM 099021T (97.6%),

Sutcliffiella horikoshii

DSM 8719T (97.4%),

Sutcliffiella catenulata

18CT (96.6 %) and

Sutcliffiella cohnii

NBRC 15565T (96.5%) as its closest relatives. The major respiratory quinone of strain DG-18T was MK-7 and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Its major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1
ω10c. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DG-18T was 38.7 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity score between the genomic sequence of strain DG-18T and that of

S. halmapala

DSM 8723T was 76.7 %. The Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator showed that the DNA–DNA hybridization value for strain DG-18T and

S. halmapala

DSM 8723T was 21.8%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain DG-18T represents a novel species of the genus

Sutcliffiella

, for which the name Sutcliffiella deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DG-18T (=GDMCC 1.17773T=KCTC 43170T).
A role for Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function in Covid-19 Convalescent plasma therapy
Authors: Herman Jonathan D. , Wang Chuangqi , Burke John Stephen , Zur Yonatan , Compere Hacheming , Kang Jaewon , Macvicar Ryan , Shin Sally , Frank Ian , Siegel Don , Tebas Pablo , Choi Grace H. , Shaw Pamela A. , Yoon Hyunah , Pirofski Liise-anne , Juelg Boris , Bar Katharine J. , Lauffenburger Douglas , Alter Galit 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), a passive polyclonal antibody therapeutic, has exhibited mixed results in the treatment of COVID-19. Given that the therapeutic effect of CCP may extend beyond the ability of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody binding and neutralization to influence the evolution of the endogenous antibody response, we took a systematic and comprehensive approach to analyze SARS-CoV-2 functional antibody profiles of participants in a randomized controlled trial of CCP treatment of individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia where CCP was associated with both decreased mortality and improved clinical severity. Using systems serology, we found that the clinical benefit of CCP is related to a shift towards reduced inflammatory Spike (S) responses and enhanced Nucleocapsid (N) humoral responses. We found CCP had the greatest clinical benefit in participants with low pre-existing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody function, rather than S or N antibody levels or participant demographic features. Further, CCP induced immunomodulatory changes to recipient humoral profiles persisted for at least two months, marked by the selective evolution of anti-inflammatory Fc-glycan profiles and persistently expanded nucleocapsid-specific humoral immunity following CCP therapy. Together, our findings identify a novel mechanism of action of CCP, suggest optimal patient characteristics for CCP treatment, identify long-last immunomodulatory effects of CCP, and provide guidance for development of novel N-focused antibody therapeutics for severe COVID-19 hyperinflammation.
Accuracy of Attestation Among Mohs and Dermatologic Surgery Diplomates
Authors: Perlis Clifford S. , Perlis Roy H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf-regulation is a key tenet of professionalism. We sought to assess the accuracy of self-attestation with respect to the administration of a newly defined field of board sub-specialization. One qualifying pathway to take the written examination for certification in Mohs and Dermatologic Surgery (MDS) is to self-attest to an active practice of Mohs Surgery. Utilizing publicly available data, we find that greater than 6% (111) of new diplomates did not complete an ACGME-approved fellowship or charge CMS in 2019 for greater than one Mohs case per week. In addition, 72 individuals did not complete a fellowship or charge CMS in 2019 for a single Mohs case. This discrepancy between the test qualifications and practice patterns evident from CMS data suggests concern for the reliability of self-regulation in this setting.
Community-based Case Studies of Vaccine Hesitancy and the COVID-19 Response in South Africa; The VaxScenes Study
Authors: Wiysonge Charles Shey , Coulson Nancy , Pillay Nirvana , Cooper Sara , Groenewald Candice , Essack Zaynab , Parker Saahier , Houston Gregory , Simmonds Jane , Jaca Anelisa , Mutemwa Muyunda , Katoto Patrick DMC , van Rooyen Heidi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa has reported more than half of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa. The South African government has launched a large COVID-19 immunization campaign with the goal of reaching more than 40 million individuals. Nonetheless, certain international, largely internet-based surveys have shown a significant proportion of vaccine hesitancy in South Africa. This study aims to determine and co-create with local stakeholders a comprehensive understanding of vaccine hesitancy and opportunities to support the promotion of other COVID-19 health-promoting behaviours at community level.Methods and designA mixed-methods, multiple case-study design; informed by the socio-ecological model of behaviour change. Four socio-economically diverse communities across South Africa will be selected and data collection will take place concurrently through three iterative phases. Phase 1 will provide insights into community experiences of COVID-19 (response) through desktop mapping exercises, observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) designed as expression sessions with local stakeholders. Phase 2 will explore the extent and drivers of community acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. This phase will comprise a quantitative survey based on WHO’s Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination tool as well as further FGDs with community members. Phase 3 will involve cross-case study syntheses and presentation of findings to national role-players.DiscussionThis study will provide ground up, locally responsive, and timeous evidence on the factors influencing COVID-19 health-seeking behaviours to inform ongoing management and mitigation of COVID-19 in South Africa. It will also provide insights into the applicability of a novel vaccine hesitancy model in Africa.
Methylome analysis for prediction of long and short-term survival in glioblastoma patients from the Nordic trial
Authors: Łysiak Małgorzata , Das Jyotirmoy , Malmström Annika , Söderkvist Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a short survival, but even among patients receiving the same therapies and with good prognostic factors, one can find those with exceptionally short and long survival.In the Nordic trial, patients with GBM, 60 years or older, were randomized between 2 radiotherapy arms or TMZ. We selected 59 patients, equally distributed between the 3 treatment arms and MGMT promoter methylation status, with good prognostic factors, but with short or long survival. We performed methylation profiling with the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip arrays in conjunction with a methylation-based CNS tumor classifier, analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) and pathway enrichment analysis.Samples classified as non-GBM IDH wildtype were excluded and in the analysis of long vs. short survivors with documented progression or tumor-related death, we found DMCs in the TMZ, MGMT promoter methylated group (123,510), as well as in the 60Gy, MGMT promoter unmethylated group (4,086) and 34Gy, MGMT promoter methylated group (39,649). The joint analysis of the RT arms revealed 319 DMCs in the MGMT unmethylated group but no differences for MGMT promoter methylated samples, or in any of the analyses independent of MGMT status. Interestingly, in the long-term survivors with methylated MGMT promoter treated with TMZ we found hypermethylation of the Wnt signaling and the platelet activation, signaling and aggregation pathways.We identified DMCs for both TMZ and RT treated patients. Further systematic analysis of larger patient cohorts is necessary for confirmation of their predictive properties.
The application of Raman spectroscopy and chemometric methods for analysis healthy blood and blood with BRCA mutation
Authors: Kopec M. , Romanowska-Pietrasiak B. , Abramczyk H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPresented study included human blood from heathy patients and from patients with BRCA mutation. Raman spectroscopy can be used for BRCA mutation detection and bioanalytical characterization of pathologically changed samples. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Raman biomarkers to distinguish blood samples from healthy patients and from patient with BRCA mutation by Raman spectroscopy. We have proved that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to distinguish between healthy blood and blood with BRCA mutation and to characterize biochemical composition of samples. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis yielded effective and comparable samples classification based on vibrational features. The sensitivity and specificity obtained from PLS-DA have been over 86.5%. The obtained results confirm clinical potential of Raman spectroscopy in oncological diagnostics.Graphical Abstract