bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Endogenous Androgens Linked to Female Sexual Function? A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maseroli Elisa , Vignozzi Linda 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe benefits of treatment with testosterone (T) in women with loss of desire suggest that low androgens may distinguish women with sexual dysfunction (SD) from others; however, evidence on this point is lacking.AimTo answer the question: is there an association between endogenous levels of androgens and sexual function in women?MethodsAn extensive search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo. Four separate meta-analyses were conducted for total T, free T, Free Androgen Index (FAI), and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). Cohort, cross-sectional, and prospective studies were included.OutcomesThe main outcome was the association between endogenous androgens and sexual desire. Global sexual function was considered as a secondary outcome. The effect measure was expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsThe meta-analysis on total T included 34 studies involving 3,268 women, mean age 36.5 years. In 11 studies, a significant association was found between sexual desire, measured by validated psychometric instruments, and total T (SMD = 0.59 [0.29;0.88], P &lt; 0.0001), with a moderate effect. The association with global sexual function (n = 12 studies) was also significant (SMD = 0.44 [0.21;0.67], P &lt;0.0001). Overall, total T was associated with a better sexual function (SMD = 0.55 [0.28;0.82)], P &lt; 0.0001), with similar results obtained when poor quality studies were removed. Age showed a negative relationship with the overall outcome. No differences were found when stratifying the studies according to menopausal status, type of menopause, age at menopause, use of hormonal replacement therapy, relationship status, method for T measurement, phase of the menstrual cycle or use of hormonal contraception. The meta-analysis of T derivatives (free T and FAI) also showed a significant, moderate association with sexual desire. In contrast, DHEAS seems not to exert any significant influence on desire, whilst showing a positive association with global sexual function.Clinical ImplicationsEndogenous androgens show a moderate association with a better sexual function in women; however, the role of psychological, relational and other hormonal factors should not be overlooked.Strengths & LimitationsThis represents the first attempt at meta-analyzing data available on the topic. A significant publication bias was found for total T.ConclusionThere appears to be a moderate association between total T and sexual desire/global sexual function, which is confirmed, although weak, in studies employing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Similar results on desire were obtained for free T and FAI. DHEAS only showed a positive association with global sexual function. More research is needed.
Saving St Christopher: The History of a Looted Painting
Authors: Schlenker Ines 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen, the day after the Anschluss, the Viennese aristocrat Henriette von Motesiczky and her daughter, the painter Marie-Louise von Motesiczky, fled Vienna, they left behind an “old German” painting known as Knight and Devil. In 2016, by now identified as part of an early sixteenth-century altarpiece by the Master of St Christopher with the Devil and entitled St Christopher Meeting the Devil, the painting entered the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. It was donated by the Marie-Louise von Motesiczky Charitable Trust in memory of its former owner Karl von Motesiczky, Marie-Louise’s brother, who had perished in Auschwitz. This article, based on detailed archival research, traces the history of St Christopher Meeting the Devil after 1938. The painting, forcefully taken from its owner, made its way through the National Socialist art-looting operation, encountering some of its main protagonists in the process. Sold at auction in 1943, it ended up at the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen in Munich from where, in 1950, it was restituted to the surviving members of the Motesiczky family, now living in England. In an exemplary way, the fate of St Christopher Meeting the Devil throws a light on the workings of the National Socialist looting system and the steps that the Allied Forces undertook after the war to rectify the crimes they uncovered. It also highlights the problems that gaps in the knowledge of an artwork’s provenance can cause in the attempt to reconstruct cases of expropriation and emphasizes the role goodwill plays in reaching fair solutions.
Monuments Women and Men: Rethinking popular narratives via British Major Anne Olivier Popham
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the work of the American Monuments Men has been celebrated in popular histories and culture, such as bestselling books by Robert Edsel and a feature film directed by George Clooney (The Monuments Men, 2014). While public awareness of Nazi art looting and the courageous work of American cultural officers is long overdue, these popular narratives elide the role played by women and other Western Allies and fail to address the corps’ greatest failure: the incomplete restitution of Jewish assets. This article explores these factors through a case study of British Major Anne Olivier Popham (1916–2018), who served the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFA&A) division in Bünde from November 1945 to October 1947. Drawing on Popham’s diaries held at the Imperial War Museum in London, the author’s interview with her, and British and American archives, the case study yields important insight into personnel recruited by the MFA&A, gender relations among the officers, methodological dilemmas presented by the use of first-hand accounts, and the ongoing need for transnational restitution efforts.
“Monuments of German Baseness”? Confiscated Nazi war art and American occupation in the United States and postwar Germany
Authors: Gramer Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnder the postwar American occupation of Germany, art produced by the Staffel der bildenden Künstler (German Combat Artist Unit) of Nazi Germany was sent to US military sites for storage under the direction of Captain Gordon Gilkey. Gilkey was head of the German War Art Project, the arm of the Historical Division of the US army tasked with confiscating German “propaganda and war art.” This art, considered a dangerous instrument of Nazi revival, was not protected by laws prohibiting art looting. Yet American officers were sympathetic to many of the paintings created by combat artists, and the German combat artists themselves were torn about their roles in Nazism, perceiving themselves as either victims or survivors merely attempting to make a living. This article traces the history of this artwork from its seizure in postwar Germany through its internment in the United States up to later attempts in the 1950s and 1980s to restitute the works to their creators.
MHeTRep: A multilingual semantically tagged health terms repository
Authors: Vivaldi Jorge , Rodríguez Horacio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents MHeTRep, a multilingual medical terminology and the methodology followed for its compilation. The multilingual terminology is organised into one vocabulary for each language. All the terms in the collection are semantically tagged with a tagset corresponding to the top categories of Snomed-CT ontology. When possible, the individual terms are linked to their equivalent in the other languages. Even though many NLP resources and tools claim to be domain independent, their application to specific tasks can be restricted to specific domains, otherwise their performance degrades notably. As the accuracy of NLP resources drops heavily when applied in environments different from which they were built, a tuning to the new environment is needed. Usually, having a domain terminology facilitates and accelerates the adaptation of general domain NLP applications to a new domain. This is particularly important in medicine, a domain living moments of great expansion. The proposed method takes Snomed-CT as starting point. From this point and using 13 multilingual resources, covering the most relevant medical concepts such as drugs, anatomy, clinical findings and procedures, we built a large resource covering seven languages totalling more than two million semantically tagged terms. The resulting collection has been intensively evaluated in several ways for the involved languages and domain categories. Our hypothesis is that MHeTRep can be used advantageously over the original resources for a number of NLP use cases and likely extended to other languages.
I'm Keeping My Baby: Migrant Domestic Worker Rights at The Intersection of Labour and Immigration Laws
Authors: Palmer Wayne , Tan Carol S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmployment relations systems generally fail to enforce all legal rights of migrant workers. This article illustrates a broader approach to the way labour migration is regulated in practice, using the example of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Political economists have shown that the reality of low-wage migration is either ‘more rights, less access’ or ‘fewer rights, greater access’ in terms of rights enforcement systems. Attention to the effectiveness of such mechanisms and processes reveals another feature of regulation: the divergence of theory from practice. Much scholarly attention has been paid to rights, and this analysis, in which enforcement of those rights is sought, contributes to the literature with a frequently-occurring example of how such regulatory practices effectively restrict migrant rights. The article concludes by arguing that regulation uses employers as a further ‘mechanism of control’ to determine the actual quantity and quality of migrant workers’ employment rights regardless of what is stipulated in the law.
The Detection of Continuing Current in Lightning Using the Geostationary Lightning Mapper
Authors: Fairman Sarah I. , Bitzer Phillip M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLightning with continuing current may have current durations that last for hundreds of milliseconds, resulting in continuous optical emission that coincides with the uninterrupted current flow. The space‐based Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) is an optical sensor that allows for the detection of continuous optical emission. In this study, the optical properties associated with GLM flashes over North Alabama are characterized as continuing current flashes based on current durations estimated from electrostatic measurements. The GLM optical attributes associated with each flash are utilized to train a logistic regression model to predict the presence of continuing current across the GLM field of view. GLM flashes with higher probabilities of continuing current tend to cover a longer distance, a brighter maximum optical energy, and a larger maximum area over the span of the continuous optical emission. The continuing current model has a probability of detection (POD) of about 78% and a false alarm rate (FARate) of about 6% in North Alabama. Assuming these scores are applicable to other regions, about 13.3% of flashes detected by GLM in 2018 contain continuing current. The spatial distribution of GLM flashes reveals that continuing current flashes tend to occur over oceanic areas, while seasonal and diurnal analyses show that continuing current flashes tend to occur during wintertime and nighttime storms, which is consistent with previous Lightning Imaging Sensor results. Additionally, if the flash is known to be a cloud‐to‐ground flash, the continuing current model has a POD of approximately 80% and a FARate of about 4%.
Impacts of Precipitation Modeling on Cloud Feedback in MIROC6
Authors: Hirota N. , Michibata T. , Shiogama H. , Ogura T. , Suzuki K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUncertainties in cloud feedback remain stubbornly significant in global climate models, disrupting the credibility of climate projections. This study examined the impacts of the prognostic treatment of precipitation on cloud feedback using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6 (MIROC6). In a prognostic precipitation scheme, precipitating hydrometers are explicitly predicted, allowing a more sophisticated representation of their microphysical and radiative effects than that of traditional diagnostic schemes. The introduction of the prognostic scheme in MIROC6 increases cloud feedback associated with the elevated altitude of clouds in warming climates. Moreover, the equilibrium climate sensitivity increases by about 20%. Because associated high‐level clouds are better represented in the prognostic scheme, climate projections with larger altitude feedback are considered more credible. Additional analyses of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models suggests that their altitude cloud feedback would be higher if their underestimation of high‐level clouds were mitigated.
Exploring the Impacts of Shrub‐Overwash Feedbacks in Coastal Barrier Systems With an Ecological‐Morphological Model
Authors: Reeves Ian R. B. , Goldstein Evan B. , Moore Laura J. , Zinnert Julie C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShrubs are common – and presently expanding – across coastal barrier interiors (the land between the foredune system and back‐barrier bay), and have the potential to influence barrier morphodynamics by obstructing cross‐shore overwash flow. The ecological and geomorphological consequences of ecomorphodynamic couplings of the barrier interior, however, remain largely unexplored. In this contribution, we add an ecological module of shrub expansion and mortality to a spatially‐explicit exploratory model of barrier evolution (Barrier3D) to explore the effects of shrub‐barrier feedbacks. In our model simulations, we find that the presence of shrubs significantly alters barrier morphology and behavior. Over timescales of decades to centuries, barriers with shrubs (relative to those without) tend to be narrower, migrate landward more slowly, and have a greater proportion of subaerial volume distributed toward the ocean‐side of the barrier. Shrubs also tend to increase the likelihood of discontinuous barrier retreat, a behavior in which a barrier oscillates between periods of transgression and relative immobility, because shrubs induce prolonged periods of barrier immobility by obstructing overwash flow. However, shrubs can increase barrier vulnerability to drowning by preventing periods of transgression needed to maintain barrier elevation relative to rising sea levels. Additionally, physical barrier processes influence shrub expansion in our simulations; we find that greater dune erosion and overwash disturbance tends to slow the rate of shrub expansion across the barrier interior. Complementing recent observational studies of barrier islands in Virginia, USA, our results suggest that interior ecology can be a key component of barrier evolution on annual to centurial timescales.
How to Improve Cumulative Methane and Nitrous Oxide Flux Estimations of the Non‐Steady‐State Chamber Method?
Authors: Yue Hongyu , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Wei , Dannenmann Michael , Wang Xianwei , Yao Zhisheng , Song Changchun , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe flux calculation schemes (FCSs) and gas sampling schemes (GSSs) determine the accuracy and representativeness of non‐steady‐state chamber measurements. The study aimed to provide guidelines on FCSs and GSSs to improve cumulative flux estimations of the non‐steady‐state chamber method. Based on a dataset obtained from automated chamber measurements in a permafrost‐affected wetland in northeast China, we evaluated the effects of FCSs and GSSs on cumulative methane and nitrous oxide flux estimates at the field scale. The evolution of chamber headspace gas concentrations was classified into five patterns, presenting the measurement disturbance and variation of non‐steady‐state chamber method. Three FCSs, that is, the sole use of linear model and hybrid use of linear with empirical quadratic and theoretical exponential models, were established on the basis of evolution patterns of chamber headspace gas concentrations. The hybrid FCSs were more robust for cumulative flux estimates than the sole FCS of the linear model. The flux dataset with the high spatiotemporal resolution was subsampled to simulate datasets obtained with different GSSs. The subsampling of flux dataset proved optimization of GSSs by allocating limited measurement resources to preferentially promote the spatial representativeness of measurements (e.g., with more replicate chambers and stratified chamber placement according to microtopographies), characterize the small‐scale spatiotemporal variability of fluxes (e.g., diurnal variation and spatial heterogeneity due to microtopographies), and capture the evolution pattern of chamber headspace gas concentrations, could effectively improve cumulative flux estimates at the field scale. Our guidelines on FCSs and GSSs can serve to the improvement of non‐steady‐state chamber methodology.
The mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release
Authors: Chen Ruochan , Kang Rui , Tang Daolin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone that maintains the structure and function of chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 can promote autophagy by binding to BECN1 protein. After its active secretion or passive release, extracellular HMGB1 usually acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, regulating inflammation and immune responses through different receptors or direct uptake. The secretion and release of HMGB1 is fine-tuned by a variety of factors, including its posttranslational modification (e.g., acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, and methylation) and the molecular machinery of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, alkaliptosis, and ferroptosis). In this minireview, we introduce the basic structure and function of HMGB1 and focus on the regulatory mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Understanding these topics may help us develop new HMGB1-targeted drugs for various conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and tissue damage.
Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Daniels Lisa , Taylor Barry J. , Taylor Rachael W. , Milne Barry J. , Camp Justine , Richards Rose , Shackleton Nichola 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To examine whether the prevalence of age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles continues to decline in New Zealand preschool children, over time.

Methods
As part of a national screening programme, 438,972 New Zealand 4-year-old children had their height and weight measured between 2011 and 2019. Age- and sex-adjusted BMI was calculated using WHO Growth Standards and the prevalence of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th, and 99.7th percentiles and at, or below, the 2nd percentile were determined. Log-binomial models were used to estimate linear time trends of ≥85th, ≥95th and ≥99.7th percentiles for the overall sample and separately by sex, deprivation, ethnicity and urban-rural classification.

Results
The percentage of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile reduced by 4.9% [95% CI: 4.1%, 5.7%], 3.5% [95% CI: 2.9%, 4.1%], and 0.9% [95% CI: 0.7%, 1.2%], respectively, between ‘2011/12’ and ‘2018/19’. There was evidence of a decreasing linear trend (risk reduction, per year) for the percentage of children ≥85th (risk ratio (RR): 0.980 [95% CI: 0.978, 0.982]), ≥95th (RR: 0.966 [95% CI: 0.962, 0.969]) and ≥99.7th (RR: 0.957 [95% CI: 0.950, 0.964]) percentiles. Downward trends were also evident across all socioeconomic indicators (sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and urban-rural classification), for each of the BMI thresholds. Larger absolute decreases were evident for children residing in the most deprived compared with the least deprived areas, at each BMI threshold. There appeared to be no consistent trend for the percentage of children ≤2nd percentile.

Conclusions
Reassuringly, continued declines of children with age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles are occurring over time, overall and across all sociodemographic indicators, with little evidence for consistent trends in the prevalence of children at, or below, the 2nd percentile.
Altered cardiac and vascular stiffness in pregnancy after a hypertensive pregnancy
Authors: Castleman James S. , Shantsila Alena , Brown Richard A. , Shantsila Eduard , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, impacting on both maternal and fetal wellbeing. Affected women are at higher risk of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Our study objective was to assess differences in cardiovascular function in pregnant women previously affected by gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy were recruited at the start of a subsequent pregnancy and compared to healthy pregnant and non-pregnant controls. All patients underwent pulse wave analysis and echocardiography. Indexes of echocardiography-derived arterial and left ventricular elastance were calculated. In our study women with prior hypertension (n = 25) were more likely to have blood pressure in the 120–139/80–99 mmHg (prehypertension) range. Women with previous hypertension in pregnancy had increased late diastolic transmitral flow velocities (A wave) and increased augmentation index. Women without prior hypertension (n = 50) demonstrated more compliance (reduced EaI and Ees) compared to the non-pregnant controls (n = 40). This adaptation was not seen in pregnancy with prior hypertension, where increased arterial stiffness was observed. In conclusion we have shown increased prevalence of prehypertension and increased arterial stiffness in pregnant women previously affected by gestational hypertensive disease. An increased atrial component to ventricular filling reflects altered diastolic function after hypertensive pregnancy. These women are at increased future cardiovascular risk due to altered cardiac and vascular function and require effective risk mitigation.