bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of FNN‐based dynamic sliding mode control for DC‐DC converters
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Gao Yabin , Zhao Yue , Feng Zhiguang , Liu Jianxing 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this paper, a dynamic sliding‐mode variable‐structure control (VSC) is proposed for the voltage tracking control for DC‐DC boost converters, combining with a type of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) based on different membership functions. In terms of the uncertainties from parameter perturbations and unmodeled dynamics in the DC‐DC converter, the FNNs including, respectively, Gaussian membership functions and ellipsoidal‐type membership functions are employed to approximate the uncertainties. Based on an average model for the present converter, a novel dynamic VSC that is induced by an auxiliary dynamics of the duty cycle is designed, by exploring an ideal line sliding surface based on the reference inputs and the duty cycle for the converter. Under the basis of the adaptive FNN dynamic VSC law, the tracking error system of the DC‐DC boost converter is analyzed to be boundedly stable. Eventually, the validation and the superiority of the proposed dynamic VSC method are shown in some comparative simulations.
O'Neil, Cathy. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown.
Authors: Slussareff Michaela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe book Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy provides a very important point of view on the mathematical models and algorithms used for decisionmaking in our society. As the title suggests the author sees the possible dangerous influences of algorithms used for the specific groups in the society as huge and disastrous. The book describes the mechanism and functioning of mathematical models and algorithms in a comprehensible manner. It uses practical examples of various mechanisms commonly used in today's society. The main aim of the book is to break the myths about the mathematical models and their results, mainly the widespread beliefs about the algorithms as being fair, objective, and unbiased.
Pushing Boundaries—Selective Cooling Crystallization as Tool for Selectivity Compensation and Product Purification Using a Recyclable Pd/Xantphos Catalyst in the Methoxycarbonylation of Methyl 10‐Undecenoate
Authors: Vondran Johanna , Moeschke Rebecca , Deysenroth Tabea , Seidensticker Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe homogeneously catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of methyl 10‐undecenoate allows for the synthesis of dimethyl 1,12‐dodecandioate as an interesting bio‐based drop‐in alternative for 1,12‐dodecandioic acid as polymer building block. Although the benchmark catalyst system of Pd/1,2‐bis((di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl)benzene and methane sulfonic acid is very active and selective, long‐term stability over a potential catalyst recycling is limited. In this work, modifications of this catalyst system in terms of protonation of the ligand and its replenishment during recycling are first investigated, proving that the reaction system is tolerant against minor changes. Finally, the commercially available ligand Xantphos, featuring higher stability but comes with a rather low l:b selectivity of 70:30, is applied. However, through the application of cooling crystallization, 58 g product (52% isolated yield) with an overall purity of 94% is obtained from the crude reaction solution without further treatment and a ∑TON of 4000 after ten reaction runs, while catalyst loss into the product is low.Practical Applications: Selective syntheses on the basis of renewable resources are a powerful tool for the production of value products in terms of green chemistry. Thereby, homogeneous transition metal catalysts are beneficial regarding selectivity. However, their separation and recycling are challenging due to their limited stability. The combination of a stable, commercially available catalyst with a selective purification method allows for isolation and purification from a crude reaction mixture without the need for any auxiliary or further purification steps. In this work, cooling crystallization is applied for subsequent purification of the linear diester dimethyl 1,12‐dodecandioate. Thereby, a lower selectivity from the methoxycarbonylation reaction using the stable Xantphos ligand is compensated and combined with recycling of the homogeneous catalyst. Thus, the development of an integrated process covering a stable catalyst system in the reaction, and high selectivity in the purification is the key toward an efficient homogeneous catalyst recycling.
The morphology and stratification of giant eddy bars reflect the variation in shape of palaeoflood hydrographs: A flume study
Authors: Liu Dingzhu , Carling Paul A. , Wang Hao , Liu Weiming , Cui Yifei , Wu Chaohua , Jin Wen , Bazai Nazir Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvidence for ungauged large freshwater palaeofloods in valley‐confined landscapes frequently includes giant flow‐eddy bars, deposited in alcoves along the floodway margins. Elevations of the bar tops commonly are used to define the minimum water level for computational flood simulations. Field study has shown that giant bar stratigraphy and sedimentology can be distinctive; identifying the alluvial signature of large palaeofloods where the morphological evidence may be less clear. However, whether the shape and stratigraphy of eddy bars provide indicators as to the nature of the floodwaves has not been considered widely. Flood hydrographs might be dam‐break surge waves, gradually varied, or steady flows, for example. Yet, if bar form and stratigraphy vary systematically with the nature of the flood wave, then bars have additional value in defining the style of unrecorded floodwaves for environmental interpretation and flood modelling purposes.An experimental water flume was used to reproduce three styles of scaled floodwave that might be associated with sudden and more protracted releases of water from upstream reservoirs. Discharge was through a channel consisting of a series of contractions and expansions. Eddy bars were deposited within the flow separation zones that formed at each flow expansion. The basic hydraulic characteristics of the floodwaves were recorded and the form of the bars and the stratigraphy were examined.The results indicate that each style of flood deposited a distinctive barform and related stratigraphy. In this manner, we demonstrate that the examination of the form and stratification of giant bars in the natural environment can provide information on the style of the palaeoflood – sudden release or protracted flow – that was responsible for the deposition of the bars. Such information assists with the identification and interpretation of the nature and source of the floodwater as well as informing attempts to model hydrograph shapes.
How impervious are solar arrays? On the need for geomorphic assessment of energy transition technologies
Authors: Shobe Charles M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStaying within manageable global temperature rise scenarios (i.e., 1.5° C) requires rapid decarbonization of energy sources. Research on the energy transition typically focuses on engineering, socioeconomic, and political challenges related to implementation of renewable energy technologies. Yet many facets of the energy transition are intricately intertwined with earth surface processes. Projects that advance the energy transition affect surface hydrology, sediment transport, and landscape evolution. Geomorphic processes likewise set the feasibility of energy transition projects. Here I use the lens of a recent policy debate to examine a case study that illustrates the key role of surface processes in determining the geomorphic impact and feasibility of the energy transition: the potential for conversion of agricultural land to photovoltaic arrays to drive soil erosion and water quality degradation. I point to open research questions that will result in both basic science advances and improved policy outcomes arising from effective geomorphic assessment of potential solar development. Zooming out from this case study, I suggest that there are significant environmental benefits to be gained by integrating earth surface processes research into planning for – and realizing – the transition to sustainable energy.
Convection of 3D MHD non‐Newtonian couple stress nanofluid flow via stretching surface
Authors: Jagadeesh Shiva , Reddy Marpadaga Chenna Krishna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study involvesthe numerical modeling of steady thermal radiation and chemical reaction on non‐Newtonian fluid motion via a bidirectional stretching surface. We have taken convective boundary conditions, and heat sources on the stretching surface. The working fluid of the present study is Casson fluid (“non‐Newtonian”) with couple stress. The self‐similarity forms of the nonlinear thermal radiative flow model are obtained by using similarity variables. Furthermore, the numerical results are computed with the help of fourth‐order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting algorithm after reducing nonlinear partial differential equations have been translated into strong ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Impacts of the various flow physical parameters especially Biot number, nonlinear thermal radiation, and heat source parameters containing nonlinear ODEs are discussed in detail for distinct numerical values. A comparison of calculated results with the known numerical results made with the previously published literature is mentioned and obtained a good agreement. Finally, we found that the (“coefficient of skin friction”) declines along directions, respectively, with via while the opposite direction follows with respect to and the (“heat transfer rate”), (“mass transfer rate”) increase with via while opposite direction follows with respect to .
Epidemiology of overall and early‐onset serrated polyps versus conventional adenomas in a colonoscopy screening cohort
Authors: Vithayathil Mathew , Smith Scott , Song Mingyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSerrated polyps (SPs) are precursors to one‐third of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with histological subtypes: hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of early‐onset CRC before the age of 50 is increasing, with limited understanding of SPs in younger cohorts. Using a large colonoscopy‐based cohort, we characterized epidemiologic profiles of SP subtypes, compared to conventional adenomas, with secondary analysis on early‐onset polyps. Ninety‐four thousand four hundred and twenty‐seven patients underwent screening colonoscopies between 2010 and 2018. Demographic, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of each polyp subtype were described. High‐risk polyps included SSLs ≥10 mm/with dysplasia and conventional adenomas ≥10 mm/with tubulovillous/villous histology/high‐grade dysplasia. We examined polyp prevalence with age and compared early‐ (age < 50) and late‐onset polyps (age ≥ 50). Eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty‐five patients had SPs (4357 SSLs, 15 415 HPs, 120 TSAs) and 26 699 had conventional adenomas. High‐risk SSLs were enriched in the ascending colon (44.1% vs 2.6‐35.8% for other locations; P < .003). Early‐ and late‐onset SPs had similar subsite distribution. Early‐onset conventional adenomas were more enriched in the distal colon/rectum (51.8% vs 43.4%, P < .001). Multiple conventional adenomas were more represented in late‐onset groups (40.8% vs 33.8%, P < .001), with no difference in SSLs. The prevalence of conventional adenomas/high‐risk conventional adenomas increased continuously with age, whereas the prevalence of SSLs/high‐risk SSLs was stable from age 40 years onwards. A higher proportion of women were diagnosed with early‐onset than late‐onset SSLs (62.9% vs 57.6%, P = .03). Conventional adenomas, SSLs, early‐ and late‐onset polyps have distinct epidemiology. The findings have implications for improved colonoscopy screening and surveillance and understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of CRC.
Bio‐inspired NiO/ZrO2 mixed oxides (NZMO) for oxygen evolution reactions: from facile synthesis to electrochemical analysis
Authors: Zahra Taghazal , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Zequine Camila , Gupta Ram , Malik Mohammad Azad , Niazi Javed H. , Qureshi Anjum 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarth's abundant natural materials can be exploited for their potential in producing economically viable and sustainable electrocatalysts for clean energy generation. Herein, we employed a low cost and environmentally benign synthesis approach using plant extract as capping agent to synthesize bimetallic NiO/ZrO2 (nickel/Zirconiu mixed oxides; NZMO), and then studied their electrocatalytic properties.ResultsThe synthesized material was characterized for its elemental, compositional and morphological feature elucidation. The phytocapping agents were probed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) which confirmed the active contribution of phytocompounds in synthesis as capping and stabilizing agents. Elemental and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis manifested the presence of Ni, Zr and O content with morphological elucidations representing well‐defined structures. The synthesized material was systematically investigated for electrocatalytic performance towards an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical testing showed that the NZMO exhibits remarkable enhanced catalytic activity with 0.39 V overpotential value and 72 mV dec−1 Tafel value at an existing density of 10 mA cm−2, which is comparable to that of precious metal catalysts.ConclusionExperimental investigation demonstrates that the remarkable OER performance of NZMO could be attributed to intrinsic catalytic properties originating as a result of binary materials. Moreover, the organic compounds involved in the synthesis mechanism also could be the major contributors in terms of provision of active sites due to protons. Thus, the present work presents a promising electrocatalytic material using mixed metal oxides and paves a novel path toward the green synthesis of binary oxides with improved electrocatalytic performance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Implementation of CAD/CAM program in a nonface‐to‐face classroom environment due to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Hwi , Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Ha Seung‐Ryong , Choi Yu‐Sung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate a nonface‐to‐face crown designing module in a preclinical dental course.MethodsFree dental planning software (Blue Sky Plan) was installed on the personal computers of dental college students, and a #46 full veneer crown designing practice was performed individually. An online survey was conducted on the computers’ specification and main usage of the students, the practice process, and results. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the association between variables, such as “operating system,” “central processing unit ,” “number of cores,” “random‐access memory (RAM),” “graphic card,” and task performance.ResultsOf the D2 students, 75.4% (52 of 69) responded to the survey. Overall, 96% of the respondents used their computers, and all respondents had no problem running the program. Most of the students marked their level of computer literacy as intermediate and had purchased the computers for the purpose of performing light work. The most common specifications of the computer were Intel i5, quad core, 8 GB RAM, and Windows 10. Students had little experience with computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing before the class. The relationship between computer specifications and task performance was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOverall, students with intermediate‐level computer literacy used computers with less than the recommended specifications of the program; however, they were able to run the program and individually proceed with modules to submit results. Using an individually available crown designing program can provide an opportunity to diversify curricula and broaden students’ perspectives even under circumstances like the COVID‐19 pandemic that limits intimate face‐to face classes.
Chronological changes in the gut microbiota and intestinal environment in recipients and donors of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yao Siyuan , Yagi Shintaro , Hirata Masaaki , Miyachi Yosuke , Ogawa Eri , Uozumi Ryuji , Sugimoto Takuya , Asahara Takashi , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThis prospective study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota (GM) and associated intestinal environment, which were assessed by measuring fecal organic acid (OA) concentrations, during the early period after liver transplantation (LT). To understand the fundamental characteristics of the human GM, data obtained from living donors were also analyzed.MethodsFixed‐point observation was performed in 23 recipients and 21 donors for up to 2 weeks after LT. The GM and OA concentrations were investigated using ribosomal RNA‐targeted reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively.ResultsBefore LT, the recipients exhibited remarkable dysbiosis and OA depletion, which were proportional to the model for end‐stage liver disease score. Correlations between the abundances of some specific strains and OA concentrations were observed. After LT, while donor lobectomy caused only slight, transient and reversible changes in the GM and OA concentrations, recipients exhibited delayed recovery in these factors. However, no clear evidence of causality was observed between the GM or OA concentrations and LT outcomes.ConclusionsThe GM and intestinal environment in LT recipients exhibited characteristics that were clearly different from those in donors. LT did not normalize but rather disrupted the GM during the early post‐LT period, but its negative clinical impact could be minimized with perioperative management.
Neurocognitive performance and quality of life of older adults with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Sripan Patumrat , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Chaikan Wilawan , Sarachai Saowalak , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith virologic suppression and longer life expectancy, older adults with HIV (OAHIV) are at risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study investigated neurocognitive performance, quality of life (QOL) and the association between OAHIV determinants.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in OAHIV aged ≥ 50 years on antiretroviral treatment at community hospitals in Northern Thailand between September and November 2020. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Thai Version (MoCA‐T) and the Thai‐validated Medical Outcomes Study HIV (MOS‐HIV) were used. NCI was defined as MoCA‐T scores <25: 16–24 for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and <16 for dementia. For QOL, higher scores meant better QOL; a physical health summary T‐score ≥50 was defined as good QOL.ResultsOverall, 269 OAHIV were enrolled; 59% were female and 99% had virologic suppression. The current median age was 61.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58.9–65.7). The median duration of antiretroviral treatment was 10.5 years (IQR 8.5–13.5). The current median CD4 count (234 tested) was 484 cells/mm3 (IQR 339–634), and 99% had plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/ml (229 tested). The median MoCA‐T score was 20.0 (IQR 16.3–23.0). There were 234 OAHIV (87.3%) with NCI: 182 (67.9%) with aMCI and 52 (19.4%) with dementia. A hundred and ninety (70.6%) had good QOL. Bivariate analysis revealed no correlation between MoCA‐T scores and QOL. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that MoCA‐T score was associated with older age (r = –0.144, p = 0.002), lower education (r = 0.629, p < 0.001), lower income (r = 0.797, p = 0.040) and shorter treatment duration (r = 0.189, p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe vast majority of OAHIV with virologic suppression had NCI. Approximately two‐thirds had a mild impairment and one‐fifth had dementia. Neurocognitive performance and QOL were not correlated. Addressing mild NCI would enable more targeted monitoring. Early intervention and support could minimize functional impairment with increased age.
The Effects of Wearing a 3‐Ply or KN95 Face Mask on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation
Authors: Fothergill Aisling , Birkl Christoph , Kames Christian , Su Wayne , Weber Alexander , Rauscher Alexander 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has impacted life in many ways, one change being the use of face masks. Their effect on MRI‐based measurements of cerebral oxygen levels with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is not known.PurposeThis study investigated whether wearing a face mask leads to changes in CBF and cerebral venous oxygen saturation measured with MRI.Study TypeRepeated‐measures cohort study.PopulationA total of 16 healthy volunteers (eight male, eight female; 22–36 years) were recruited for the 3‐ply study. Ten of the 16 participants (five male, five female; 23–36 years) took part in the KN95 study.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, single‐delay 3D gradient‐and spin‐echo pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) scan for CBF quantification, and gradient‐echo for QSM and oxygenation quantification.AssessmentGray matter CBF and magnetic susceptibility were assessed by masking the pCASL CBF map and the QSM map to the T1‐weighted gray matter tissue segmentation. Venous oxygenation was determined from venous segmentation of QSM maximum intensity projections.Statistical TestsPaired Student's t‐tests and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to compare the face mask and no face mask scans for gray matter CBF, gray matter magnetic susceptibility, and cerebral venous oxygen saturation. Standard t‐tests were used to assess whether the order of scanning with and without a mask had any impact. A statistical cut off of P < 0.05 was used.ResultsThe 3‐ply masks increased gray matter CBF from an average of 43.99 mL/(100 g*min) to 46.81 mL/(100 g*min). There were no significant changes in gray matter magnetic susceptibility (P = 0.07), or cerebral venous oxygen saturation (P = 0.36) for the 3‐ply data set. The KN95 masks data set showed no statistically significant changes in gray matter CBF (P = 0.52) and magnetic susceptibility (P = 0.97), or cerebral venous oxygen saturation (P = 0.93).Data ConclusionThe changes in blood flow and oxygenation due to face masks are small. Only CBF increased significantly due to wearing a 3‐ply mask.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3