bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Chasse royale – l’image en mouvement et sonore : la peinture murale énigmatique de la chapelle Sainte-Radegonde à Chinon – un essai
Authors: Silva Aurzelle da 
Published: January 2022

La peinture murale désignée comme La Chasse royale a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt et de débats depuis sa découverte, grâce à une image montrant cinq cavaliers à cheval, dont deux couronnés en son sein. La composition, qui est sublimée par un sens des couleurs aiguisé et rythmé, par des mouvements et des gestes forts, ainsi qu’une finesse des détails, reste énigmatique et incomprise. Située dans une chapelle troglodyte près du château de Chinon en Indre-et-Loire, alors siège de pouvoir des Plantagenêt, sa datation est estimée entre le milieu et le dernier quart du xii
e siècle, moment de leur dynastie. L’axe de recherche privilégié a été d’identifier les personnages qui y sont représentés et le contexte. Si c’est Henri II qui est normalement dépeint comme le roi à la tête du cortège, c’est le personnage sur l’axe médian de la composition qui intrigue le plus par son geste à la plus forte amplitude tout en se tournant et se penchant en arrière sur son cheval et que l’on identifie le plus souvent comme Aliénor d’Aquitaine elle-même. Au-delà de ces questions d’identité et de contexte, La Chasse royale utilise tous les moyens de la peinture médiévale afin d’inviter le spectateur à se faire sa propre expérience immersive et sensorielle. En effet, la perception médiévale est dynamique et plurielle, faite pour ressentir profondément son expérience entre deux mondes et permettant ainsi d’engager l’imagination et la mémoire, dans un voyage cognitif. À une époque où tous les arts sont liés au point où l’un implique l’autre, la pluralité de la compréhension offre au peintre ou aux peintres la capacité de les mettre en œuvre en rendant une image cinétique, accompagnée de son aspect sonore. L’image nous mène entre les premiers et les arrières plans d’une véritable tapisserie, d’un canevas où s’entrelacent les couleurs, les mouvements et les gestes. Il crée ainsi des relations et des chiasmes entre les personnages, mais également un rythme : celui de leur interaction, celui de leurs gestes, celui du mouvement des cavaliers et de leur monture tout comme celui du son de leur galop. Vue de cette manière, La Chasse royale se montre dans toute sa force, comme un film d’une chorégraphie précise, visuelle et sonore qui, par le tissage de ses interactions, dévoile peut-être un peu plus la complexité de son histoire.
TNF Receptor–Associated Factor 5 Limits IL-27 Receptor Signaling in CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Kawahara Eigo , Azuma Mitsuki , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Omori Koki , Akiyama Sho , Fujimori Yuka , Oishi Mayu , Shibui Nagito , Kawaguchi Kosuke , Morita Masashi , Okuyama Yuko , Ishii Naoto , So Takanori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
TNF receptor–associated factor 5 (TRAF5) restrains early signaling activity of the IL-6 receptor in naive CD4+ T cells by interacting with the shared gp130 chain, although TRAF5 was initially discovered as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein to activate signaling mediated by TNF receptor family molecules. This leads to the question of whether TRAF5 limits signaling via the receptor for IL-27, which is composed of gp130 and WSX-1. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of TRAF5 in IL-27 receptor signaling and to understand the differential role of TRAF5 on cytokine receptor signaling. We found that Traf5−/− CD4+ T cells displayed significantly higher levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT-regulated genes Socs3 and Tbx21, as early as 1 h after IL-27 exposure when compared with Traf5+/+ CD4+ T cells. Upon IL-27 and TCR signals, the Traf5 deficiency significantly increased the induction of IL-10 and promoted the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Traf5−/− mice injected with IL-27 displayed significantly enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, demonstrating that TRAF5 works as a negative regulator for IL-27 receptor signaling. In contrast, IL-2 and proliferation mediated by glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor–related protein (GITR) and TCR signals were significantly decreased in Traf5−/− CD4+ T cells, confirming that TRAF5 works as a positive regulator for cosignaling via GITR. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TRAF5 reciprocally controls signals mediated by the IL-27 receptor and GITR in CD4+ T cells and suggest that the regulatory activity of TRAF5 in gp130 is distinct from that in TNF receptor family molecules in a T cell.
Development and optimization of Benjakul microemulsion formulations for enhancing topical anti-inflammatory effect and delivery
Authors: Kuropakornpong Pranporn , Itharat Arunporn , Ooraikul Buncha , Loebenberg Raimar , Davies Neal M. 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Benjakul (BJK) is a combination of five botanical herbal constituents widely used in Thai traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory remedy. This study aimed to develop a novel topical microemulsion containing BJK for clinical use.

Experimental approach:
The microemulsions were produced by a phase inversion temperature (PIT) methodology. Physicochemical properties and stability were evaluated to determine an optimal formula. The stable BJK-loaded microemulsion formulas were then subjected to in vitro studies for their anti-inflammatory activity, skin cell toxicity, drug permeation, and stability.

Finding/Results:
Two novel formulations containing isopropyl myristate (ME1-BJK and ME2-BJK) passed the compendial stability test. BJK constituents were completely dissolved in the oil phase and incorporated into the microemulsion base Transcutol® and Labrasol® avoiding the use of alcohol, both microemulsion formulations demonstrated high anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 3.41 ± 0.36 and 3.95 ± 1.73 μg/mL, respectively. However, dissolution of ME1-BJK showed a superior release profile through both lipophilic and hydrophilic membranes with the highest accumulated amount at 4 h of 25.13% and 38.06%, respectively. All tested formulations of BJK extract demonstrated no apparent skin cell toxicity at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL. After six-month storage under accelerated conditions, there were no significant changes in anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusions and implications:
A novel and stable BJK-loaded microemulsion formulation was successfully developed with excellent release and stability properties. Further clinical research to evaluate pain reduction, edema, and skin irritation using this formulation in animal models is ongoing.
Locomotor and histological changes in a cuprizone-induced animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mitra Nilesh Kumar , Singh Nermesh Singh A/L Gurdib , Wadingasafi Nurul Ain Najihah Binti , Chellian Jestin 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Alpha-tocopherol (AT) has been found to improve motor function in an animal model of MS. In the present study, the effects of AT and fingolimod on the locomotor function and histological evidence of demyelination were compared in a cuprizone-induced rat model of MS.

Experimental approach:
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks) were fed with 0.2% (w/w) cuprizone diet for 5 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injections of fingolimod (3 mg/Kg; group F, n = 10) and alpha- tocopherol (100 mg/Kg; group A, n = 10). Vehicle-treated rats (group V, n = 10) were treated intraperitoneally with 1% ethanol in saline on weeks 6 and 7. Open field and beam walking tests were carried out every 10 days. The mean area of demyelination in the corpus callosum was quantified using Luxol fast blue stained histological sections of the forebrain.

Findings/Results:
The mean speed of movement was increased by 54% and 50% in groups F and A compared to group V. Total distance moved was increased by 61% and 52.7% in groups F and A compared to group V. Mean time to walk the beam was reduced in group A by 52% compared to group V. Mean frequency of crossing lines from the inner squares to outer squares was reduced in groups A and F compared to group V. Mean area of demyelination in corpus callosum showed 62% reduction in group A compared to group V.

Conclusion and implications:
Both fingolimod and AT treatments improved the locomotor function. However, AT treatment reduced the areas of demyelination in higher proportion and improved motor coordination and exploratory behavior.
In vitro evaluation of the pogostone effects on the expression of PTEN and DACT1 tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell line
Authors: Homayoun Mansour , Sajedi Nayereh , Soleimani Mitra 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers among women. Pogostone has anticancer effects and is rich in polyphenol compounds. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pogostone on ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3).

Experimental approach:
OVCAR-3 cells were treated with pogostone at IC50(90 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability and apoptotic rate in the cells were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. The expression of caspase-3 (CASP3) protein was evaluated by the CASP3 assay.

Findings/Results:
Treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with pogostone increased the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and Dapper antagonist of catenin-1 (DACT1) tumor suppressor genes, as well as the apoptotic genes CASPs3, 8, and 9. Moreover, the ratio of the expressed BCL2 associated X (BAX)/BCl2 genes, as pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, was increased. The expression levels of the genes related to the cell cycle progression including cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin- dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were inhibited. The data obtained from flow cytometry indicated that pogostone induced cell apoptosis in 24 and 48 pogostone groups. The CASP3 colorimetric assay revealed that pogostone increased the expression of CASP3 protein in the treated groups.

Conclusion and implication:
Pogostone, by inducing the expression of PTEN and DACT1 tumor suppressor genes and regulation of downstream genes may decrease cell proliferation and increase the rate of apoptosis in OVCAR-3.
In silico screening and molecular dynamics simulations toward new human papillomavirus 16 type inhibitors
Authors: Razzaghi-Asl Nima , Mirzayi Sahar , Mahnam Karim , Adhami Vahed , Sepehri Saghi 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known as the main reason for cervical cancer. According to carcinogenic risk, HPV can be located into two classes, counting the low-risk virus, which is the main cause of genital warts and low-grade cervical epithelial lesions. HPV-16 is one of the high-risk HPV subtypes in the spectrum of cervical diseases.

Experimental approach:
The PubChem database was screened in order to identify potential anti-HPV hits followed by ADMET predictions. Then, molecular docking was performed to improve the accuracy of screening and also to find the details of the interactions of the hit compounds with the active site. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and free binding energy on top-ranked structures CID_73212812, CID_91059286, CID_69838075, cidofovir, and jaceosidin were carried out with protein to compute the interaction energies and stability of the top-ranked compounds at the active site.

Findings/Results:
Based on molecular docking studies, three compounds including CID_73212812, CID_91059286, and CID_69838075 exhibited the best results among compounds against the E6 protein of HPV-16. Furthermore, RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen binds, Rg, and energy analysis during MD simulation certainly indicated the stable binding of selected compounds with E6 protein of HPV-16 active site.

Conclusion and implications:
Docking and MD results revealed that hydrophobic contacts and optimum hydrogen bonds were determinant factors in the interactions of hits and the E6 protein of HPV-16. In addition, the binding energy portions exposed that Van der Waals and non-polar interactions were fundamental factors in the molecule binding.
Royal jelly protects dichlorvos liver-induced injury in male Wistar rats
Authors: Jalili Cyrus , Farzaei Mohammad Hossein , Rashidi Iraj , Mohammadnezamian Ayda , Ghanbari Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, induces side effects on normal tissues. On the other hand, Royal jelly (RJ) with antioxidant activities has many medical benefits including liver toxicity. In this study, we investigated the role of RJ in improving dichlorvos adverse impact on the liver of male rats.

Experimental approach:
Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 6); receiving by gavage normal saline (0.09%), dichlorvos (4 mg/kg/day), RJ (50, 100, 150 mg/kg/day; RJ 1, 2, 3) or dichlorvos + RJs, daily for 28 consecutive days. At the end of experiments, histopathology alterations, apoptosis induction, and biochemical factors related to the liver were evaluated.

Findings/Results:
There was a significant reduction in the number of hepatocytes and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the dichlorvos group compared to the control group, whereas these parameters in the dichlorvos + RJs groups, were significantly increased compared to the dichlorvos group. Central vein diameter, liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) serum levels of nitric oxide, and apoptotic index were significantly higher in the dichlorvos group than in the control, while these parameters were decreased in the dichlorvos + RJs groups versus the dichlorvos group.

Conclusion and implications:
RJ at 50 mg/kg protected dichlorvos-induced liver damage in rats. Dichlorvos- hepatitis mechanism could be oxidative induction as long as antioxidant reduction leads to apoptosis in this organ, while RJ due to its antioxidant potential suppresses this hazardous cellular and molecular process.
Antioxidant effects of astaxanthin and metformin combined therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Rad Nikoo Roustaei , Movahedian Ahmad , Feizi Awat , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Aarabi Mohammad Hosein 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Since the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been proven, antioxidant therapy is considered an applicable strategy to control T2DM development. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation combined with metformin on oxidative indices and antioxidant defenses in T2DM patients.

Experimental approach:
In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 50 T2DM subjects receiving metformin were supplemented with 10 mg/day AST or placebo for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde concentration and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed as oxidative indices. We also evaluated NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) as the most critical transcription factor of antioxidant defense. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were calculated.

Findings/Results:
AST supplementation-metformin combination caused a significant increase in SOD and catalase activities, as well as inducing Nrf2 protein expression compared to the placebo group. Significant changes in serum malondialdehyde and TAC between the AST group and placebo group after supplementation were not observed, although a significant increase was observed in TAC within the AST group after supplementation (32.67 ± 6.73) to before (25.86 ± 5.98). These results remained without change after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusion and implications:
Our study demonstrated that AST supplementation controlled oxidative stress through a synergistic effect with metformin and ameliorated overall antioxidant capacity by inducing Nrf2 transcription factor and activating SOD and catalase in T2DM patients. As a result, AST and metformin combination therapy can be considered beneficial in modifying oxidative stress and preventing T2DM complications.
Corrective Exercises or Ergonomic Principles for Workers with Low Back Pain
Authors: Safaeian Alireza , Shahsanai Armindokht , Kiyany Farzaneh 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are considered the main cause of occupational diseases. Health care workers, nursing assistants, and service forces that perform manual labor are the most vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders, especially low back pain, due to the nature of their jobs. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of corrective exercise training to ergonomic principles training on low back pain in nursing assistants and service forces.

Methods:
A nonrandomized clinical trial study was done on 75 staff (nursing assistants and service forces) with low back pain. The participants were divided into three groups: corrective exercise training, ergonomic principles training, and control group. Pain intensity and disability questionnaires were completed before and after 8 weeks of intervention by each group and analyzed.

Results:
The mean intensity of pain after intervention in corrective exercises group (3.8 ± 1.5) was markedly less than the ergonomic group (4.7 ± 1.4) and control group (5.5 ± 1.7) (P = 0.001). The mean disability score after intervention in the corrective exercises group (17.3 ± 9.6) was significantly less than the ergonomic group (21.8 ± 12.6) and control group (25.3 ± 11.2) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
While corrective exercises training and ergonomic principles training both have a significant effect on reducing the severity of pain and disability caused by low back pain, corrective exercises training is more effective than ergonomic principle training.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Risk Factors Associated with Smartphone Use in University Students
Authors: Walankar Prachita P. , Kemkar Manasi , Govekar Aniket , Dhanwada Agasthya 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Smartphone has become a very popular necessity among students. An individual has to look at their phone's small monitor and perform repetitive movements in an awkward posture for a prolonged duration.

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated risk factors in university students because of smartphone usage.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2000 university students using a semi-structured questionnaire comprising demographic profile, smartphone usage characteristics, presence of musculoskeletal pain, and specific area of pain according to the body region.

Results:
Among the 2000 students, 44.05% reported musculoskeletal pain. The most common sites of pain were the neck (34.2%), thumb (17.45%), lower back (16.7%), and elbow (16.6%). There was an association between prevalence of musculoskeletal pain with the size of the smartphone (P = 0.005), the predominant purpose of smartphone usage (P = 0.002), position preferred while using smartphone (P = 0.000), and the level at which smartphone is held during usage (P = 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor of musculoskeletal pain was the size of the smartphone.

Conclusion:
The study reported that the prevalence of pain in smartphone users is high with common sites being neck, thumb, and lower back region. Also, the size of the smartphone had a significant association with musculoskeletal pain.
COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Series of Complete Autopsies from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Farias Maria Eduarda , Santana Monique Freire , Ferreira Luiz , Borba Mayla , Silva-Neto João , Brito-Sousa José Diego , Baía-da-Silva Djane Clarys , João Guilherme Pivoto , Val Fernando , Simão Mariana , Souza João Vicente , Naveca Felipe , Melo Gisely , Monteiro Wuelton , Lacerda Marcus 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT.
Between April and July 2020, and, therefore, prior to the broad recommendation of corticosteroids for severe COVID-19, a total of 50 full autopsies were performed in Manaus. We confirmed two invasive cases of aspergillosis through histopathology and gene sequencing (4%) in our autopsy series. The confirmed invasive aspergillosis incidence seems much lower than expected based on the “probable and possible” definitions, and an individualized approach should be considered for each country scenario. Interestingly, a prolonged length of stay in the intensive care unit was not observed in any of the cases. Timely diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection can reduce mortality rates.
COVID-19 Serology Control Panel Using the Dried-Tube Specimen Method
Authors: Windsor William J. , Knight Vijaya , Merkel Patricia A. , Lamb Molly M. , Tucker Heidi R. , Carson Kyle , Howard Kelly M. , Yates Jennifer L. , Santiago Mario L. , McCarthy Mary K. , Morrison Thomas E. , Kedl Ross M. , Frazer-Abel Ashley , Guo Kejun , Andersen Gillian , Huey Leah , Barrett Bradley S. , Colón-Franco Jessica M. , Lee William T. , Chu May C. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT.
The dried-tube specimen (DTS) procedure was used to develop the COVID-19 serology control panel (CSCP). The DTS offers the benefit of shipping materials without a cold chain, allowing for greater access without deterioration of material integrity. Samples in the panel were sourced from COVID-19 convalescent persons from March to May 2020. The immunoglobulin subtypes (total Ig, IgM, and IgG) and their respective reactivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid, spike, and receptor-binding domain antigens of the samples were delineated and compared with the WHO International Standard to elucidate the exact binding antibody units of each CSCP sample and ensure the CSCP provides adequate reactivity for different types of serological test platforms. We distribute the CSCP as a kit with five coded tubes to laboratories around the world to be used to compare test kits for external quality assurance, for harmonizing laboratory testing, and for use as training materials for laboratory workers.
Islam and Modernity in Crosshairs of History
Authors: Shabbir Ghulam , Khan Saleem Nawaz 
Published: January 2022

Static view of religion is a cause of concern in all religious communities because it not only gnaws at their dynamism, more often it tends to swing history back to the old life patterns which have lost their validity and moral force. On the other hand history moves forward and seeks its direction intuitively. So, traditional view of religion collides with the forces of history in futile effort to cease the torrential stream of time. Resultantly, time or history crush them or throw them in the yokes of slavery of others who entertain ever fresh and dynamic view of history and religion. Same went with Islam. With an advent of modernity after European renaissance when Europe collided horns with Islam, once all the Muslim world submerged in European colonialism.it forced Muslim intelligentsia on serious soul search and brought forth three schools of thought the traditionalist who strictly cling to tradition even if it had relevance to the emerging realities of history or not; the revivalists who seek assuage in pristine Islam and turn the tide of history back while modernists sensing new realities harness materieux of history for moral cause and go hand in hand with history. Modernity is also a departure from mythos to the rationale so the most crucial question of todays’ scholarship is whether Islam and modernity are compatible or poles apart in context of history.