bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary ciliary dyskinesia and fungal infections: Two cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in children
Authors: Allaer Laura , Lejeune Stéphanie , Mordacq Clémence , Deschildre Antoine , Thumerelle Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease that affects the movement of the respiratory cilia. The main clinical manifestations are chronic upper and lower respiratory symptoms and recurrent lung infections, particularly bacterial and viral infections. Fungal infections are not usually associated with PCD. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare complex immune hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus reported in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Only three cases of ABPA associated with adult PCD have been described in the literature. Herein, we reported on two cases of ABPA in two boys aged 10 and 13 years with PCD. Both had severe lung disease and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. One patient was diagnosed according to the typical clinical features of ABPA, while the other was diagnosed during a scheduled visit with no clinical changes but worsening pulmonary function and radiologic anomalies. The diagnosis of ABPA was confirmed in the two patients who then improved after receiving specific treatment. These two cases were the first to describe the occurrence of ABPA in children with PCD. We recommend that physicians involved in the management of children with PCD be aware of this potential complication.
Characteristics of Fragment Impacting Steel Cover at High Speed to Initiate Heated Explosives
Authors: Zhao Pin , Chen Lang , Li Jin‐he , Lu Jian‐ying , Wu Jun‐ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe temperature of the explosive has a great influence on its shock initiation sensitivity. The response characteristics of the heated explosive under fragment impact is a concern for the safety of the explosive. In order to study the initiation characteristics of heated explosives subjected to fragment impact, an experimental device that uses the shaped charge to generate the high‐velocity fragment (2599 m/s) to impact the cover to initiate the heated explosive was designed in this paper. This method achieves uniform temperature control of explosives via heating the upper and lower ends and preserves heat on the side of the explosive charge. We experimentally tested the method on hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)‐based aluminized explosives (61 wt.% RDX, 30 wt.% Al, 9 wt.% binder) at different temperatures. The fragment impact behavior and explosive detonation wave growth were observed via X‐ray photography. A numerical model of fragment initiating explosive, which considered the temperature change of the explosive, was set up, a numerical simulation of the explosive charge initiated by fragment impacting the cover was carried out, and the reaction degree of explosive impacted by fragment and its change with temperature were analyzed. The study found that the precursor shock wave formed by the fragment impacting the cover initiated the explosive, and the explosive temperature greatly influences the fragment initiation process. Through the numerical simulation calculation of the explosive charge initiated by fragment impact under different cover thicknesses and temperatures, the relationship among the critical cover thickness, the run‐to‐detonation distance and explosive temperature was given. In the temperature range of 25 °C–111 °C, the shock sensitivity of RDX‐based aluminized explosives under fragment impact decreases with the increase of explosive temperature, while in the temperature range of 111 °C–170 °C, the sensitivity increases with the increase of explosive temperature.
Prevalent association with the bacterial cell envelope of prokaryotic expansins revealed by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: de Sandozequi Andrés , Salazar‐Cortés Juan José , Tapia‐Vázquez Irán , Martínez‐Anaya Claudia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExpansins are a group of proteins from diverse organisms from bacteria to plants. Although expansins show structural conservation, their biological roles seem to differ among kingdoms. In plants, these proteins remodel the cell wall during plant growth and other processes. Contrarily, determination of bacterial expansin activity has proven difficult, although genetic evidence of bacterial mutants indicates that expansins participate in bacteria–plant interactions. Nevertheless, a large proportion of expansin genes are found in the genomes of free‐living bacteria, suggesting roles that are independent of the interaction with living plants. Here, we analyzed all available sequences of prokaryotic expansins for correlations between surface electric charge, extra protein modules, and sequence motifs for association with the bacteria exterior after export. Additionally, information on the fate of protein after translocation across the membrane also points to bacterial cell association of expansins through six different mechanisms, such as attachment of a lipid molecule for membrane anchoring in diderm species or covalent linking to the peptidoglycan layer in monoderms such as the Bacilliales. Our results have implications for expansin function in the context of bacteria–plant interactions and also for free‐living species in which expansins might affect cell–cell or cell–substrate interaction properties and indicate the need to re‐examine the roles currently considered for these proteins.
The return of the rings: Evolutionary convergence of aromatic residues in the intrinsically disordered regions of RNA‐binding proteins for liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Ho Wen‐Lin , Huang Jie‐rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAromatic residues appeared relatively late in the evolution of protein sequences to stabilize the globular proteins' folding core and are less in the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Recent advances in protein liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) studies have also shown that aromatic residues in IDRs often act as “stickers” to promote multivalent interactions in forming higher‐order oligomers. To study how general these structure‐promoting residues are in IDRs, we compared levels of sequence disorder in RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which are often found to undergo LLPS, and the human proteome. We found that aromatic residues appear more frequently than expected in the IDRs of RBPs and, through multiple sequence alignment analysis, those aromatic residues are often conserved among chordates. Using TDP‐43, FUS, and some other well‐studied LLPS proteins as examples, the conserved aromatic residues are important to their LLPS‐related functions. These analyses suggest that aromatic residues may have contributed twice to evolution: stabilizing structured proteins and assembling biomolecular condensates.
Parametric analysis of steel MRFs with self‐centring column bases
Authors: Lettieri Annarosa , Elettore Elena , Pieroni Ludovica , Freddi Fabio , Latour Massimo , Rizzano Gianvittorio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNominated for Eurosteel 2021 Best Paper AwardIn recent decades, innovative seismic‐resilient structural systems have been proposed to reduce the direct and indirect losses related to seismic events. Among others, steel moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) equipped with damage‐free self‐centring column bases (SC‐CBs) represent a promising solution. Although several configurations of SC‐CBs have been proposed in literature, only a few research studies investigated how the significant parameters (e. g. number of storeys, frame layout, seismic mass, seismic intensity) affect the seismic performance of MRFs with SC‐CBs. To further investigate this aspect, the present work focuses on the influence of an additional parameter (i. e. the combination of seismic mass and acceleration) on their self‐centring capability. Three 5‐bay steel MRFs with 4, 6 and 8 storeys are considered as case‐study frames and designed based on two different values of the seismic mass (i. e. M1 and M2). Numerical models are developed in OpenSees, incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are performed to monitor global engineering demand parameters (EDPs), and fragility curves are derived to evaluate the seismic performance of the structures. It is observed that the inclusion of SC‐CBs produces beneficial effects in terms of increased self‐centring capability on all the investigated case studies. Moreover, the parametric analysis allows some preliminary observations to be drawn regarding the influence of the number of stories and seismic mass.
Bridges of the Kāpiti expressway: Bridges on shaky ground
Authors: Kivell Anton 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Kāpiti Expressway is a 31 km long dual‐carriageway expressway located on the Kāpiti Coast, 75 km north of Wellington, New Zealand. It consists of two sections, the first of which commenced design in 2012 and completed construction in 2017, and the second of which is expected to be opened to traffic in 2022. Combined, the two Kāpiti Expressway sections have 27 bridges. The need for resilience is due to New Zealand being a highly seismic part of the world, with the Wellington region having a very high seismic hazard being located over a web of fault lines. Large sections of the expressway are constructed on ancient wetlands and peat bogs, making the soils prone to large settlements and extensive liquefaction in earthquakes. The high seismicity and poor ground conditions combine to pose a significant challenge to designers and constructors alike. This article presents the challenges faced in the design of the bridges for the Kāpiti Expressway.
Globally distributed talent communities: A typology of innovation problems and talent characteristics
Authors: Sarkar Soumodip , Kedas Satishwar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the world moves toward the “New Normal” with borderless innovation and remote work, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly involved in tapping talent that is external to organizational boundaries. This study distills learnings from the use of globally distributed external talent that has been facilitated by innovation intermediaries, a development that holds significant managerial implications for the post‐COVID industrial era. Moving beyond the conventional and recognized need for global talent management practices, we provide a perspective on talent management outside organizational boundaries, a topic that that has received limited attention so far. Through the lenses of open innovation and talent management, we define a typology of innovation problems on the basis of latent talent needs. We take a step further, and for each problem type, we identify the competencies that are relevant, the reward mechanisms of the intermediaries, and the extent of collaboration required with internal talent. This typology provides a basis for researchers in the talent management community to study talent acquisition and management strategies of MNEs across various contexts and various innovation needs.
Review on a cesarean section in the cow: Its incision approaches, relative advantage, and disadvantages
Authors: Adugna Solomon Amente , Kitessa Jiregna Dugassa , Feyissa Cheru Telila , Adem Sultan Aliyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDystocia is an abnormal and difficult birth in which the first or the second stage of labour is markedly prolonged and subsequently found impossible for the dam to deliver without artificial aid. In cattle, it can be relieved by different obstetric methods, including the cesarean operation and fetotomy. Caesarean section is the extraction of the fetus or foeti from the dam, through a surgical opening in the abdominal wall and the uterus. This surgical method can be performed by about eight alternative surgical approaches in bovines with its advantages and disadvantages. However, the selection is dependent on many factors like the type of dystocia, the cows and environmental conditions, the availability of assistants, and the surgeon's preference. For cows, most surgeons use a standing left paralumbar celiotomy. However, the left oblique approach is also preferable under most circumstances because the uterus is readily exteriorized, limiting peritoneal cavity contamination. Besides, alternative approaches are also available that will further limit the potential for contamination but many junior surgeons perform the left paralumbar celiotomy using the same approach each time due to their comfort with one specific approach or lack of familiarity with other available options. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide basic insights and highlight the cesarean section incision approaches with their relative advantages and disadvantages in cows.
Protonation of Pyruvic Acid – Synthesis of a plain Superelectrophile
Authors: Virmani Alan , Pfeiffer Martina , Jessen Christoph , Morgenstern Yvonne , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe syntheses of [H3C(O)CC(OH)2][MF6] and [H3C(OH)CC(OH)2][MF6]2 (M=As, Sb) by reacting pyruvic acid in the superacidic systems HF/AsF5 and HF/SbF5 are reported. The salts were characterized by low‐temperature vibrational spectroscopy and in the cases of [H3C(O)CC(OH)2][SbF6] and [H3C(OH)CC(OH)2][SbF6]2 ⋅ HF by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. The experimental results are discussed together with quantum chemical calculations. Remarkably, the bond distance and the twisting angle around the central C−C bond are unaffected by the protonations despite increasing coulombic repulsion. The crystal structure reveals short interionic interactions that have a considerable influence on the C−C bond.
Balanced B and D-type orthosymplectic quivers — magnetic quivers for product theories
Authors: Sperling Marcus , Zhong Zhenghao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate orthosymplectic quivers that take the shape of D-type and B-type Dynkin diagrams. The D-type orthosymplectic quivers explored here contain a balanced “fork”, i.e. a balanced subquiver with a D-type bifurcation, whereas the B-type orthosymplectic quivers are obtained by folding the D-type quivers. The Coulomb branches of these quivers are products of two moduli spaces. In the second part, the relevant orthosymplectic quivers are shown to emerge as magnetic quivers for brane configurations involving ON0 planes. Notably, the appearance of ON0 plane clarifies the product nature of the theories in question. The derivation leads to the analysis of magnetic quivers from branes systems with intersecting Op, O(p + 2), and ON0 planes.
Eigenvalue-flipping algorithm for matrix Monte Carlo
Authors: Kováčik Samuel , Tekel Juraj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many physical systems can be described in terms of matrix models that we often cannot solve analytically. Fortunately, they can be studied numerically in a straightforward way. Many commonly used algorithms follow the Monte Carlo method, which is efficient for small matrix sizes but cannot guarantee ergodicity when working with large ones. In this paper, we propose an improvement of the algorithm that, for a large class of matrix models, allows to tunnel between various vacua in a proficient way, where sign change of eigenvalues is proposed externally. We test the method on two models: the pure potential matrix model and the scalar field theory on the fuzzy sphere.
From boundary data to bound states. Part III. Radiative effects
Authors: Cho Gihyuk , Kälin Gregor , Porto Rafael A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We extend the boundary-to-bound (B2B) correspondence to incorporate radiative as well as conservative radiation-reaction effects. We start by deriving a map between the total change in observables due to gravitational wave emission during hyperbolic-like motion and in one period of an elliptic-like orbit, which is valid in the adiabatic expansion for non-spinning as well as aligned-spin configurations. We also discuss the inverse problem of extracting the associated fluxes from scattering data. Afterwards we demonstrate, to all orders in the Post-Minkowskian expansion, the link between the radiated energy and the ultraviolet pole in the radial action in dimensional regularization due to tail effects. This implies, as expected, that the B2B correspondence for the conservative sector remains unchanged for local-in-time radiation-reaction tail effects with generic orbits. As a side product, this allows us to read off the energy flux from the associated pole in the tail Hamiltonian. We show that the B2B map also holds for non-local-in-time terms, but only in the large-eccentricity limit. Remarkably, we find that all of the trademark logarithmic contributions to the radial action map unscathed between generic unbound and bound motion. However, unlike logarithms, other terms due to non-local effects do not transition smoothly to quasi-circular orbits. We conclude with a discussion on these non-local pieces. Several checks of the B2B dictionary are displayed using state-of-the-art knowledge in Post-Newtonian/Minkowskian theory.
High-dimensional anomaly detection with radiative return in e+e− collisions
Authors: Gonski Julia , Lai Jerry , Nachman Benjamin , Ochoa Inês 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Experiments at a future e+e− collider will be able to search for new particles with masses below the nominal centre-of-mass energy by analyzing collisions with initial-state radiation (radiative return). We show that machine learning methods that use imperfect or missing training labels can achieve sensitivity to generic new particle production in radiative return events. In addition to presenting an application of the classification without labels (CWoLa) search method in e+e− collisions, our study combines weak supervision with variable-dimensional information by deploying a deep sets neural network architecture. We have also investigated some of the experimental aspects of anomaly detection in radiative return events and discuss these in the context of future detector design.
A minimising movement scheme for the p-elastic energy of curves
Authors: Blatt Simon , Hopper Christopher P. , Vorderobermeier Nicole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove short-time existence for the negative$$L^2$$L2-gradient flow of thep-elastic energy of curves via a minimising movement scheme. In order to account for the degeneracy caused by the energy’s invariance under curve reparametrisations, we write the evolving curves as approximate normal graphs over a fixed smooth curve. This enables us to establish short-time existence and give a lower bound on the solution’s lifetime that depends only on the$$W^{2,p}$$W2,p-Sobolev norm of the initial data.
The dimension of the image of the Abel map associated with normal surface singularities
Authors: Nagy János , Némethi András 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLet (X, o) be a complex normal surface singularity with rational homology sphere link and let $$\widetilde{X}$$

X
~

be one of its good resolutions. Consider an effective cycle Z supported on the exceptional curve and the isomorphism classes $$\mathrm{Pic}(Z)$$

Pic
(
Z
)

of line bundles on Z. The set of possible values $$h^1(Z,\mathcal {L})$$

h
1

(
Z
,
L
)

for $$\mathcal {L}\in \mathrm{Pic}(Z)$$

L
∈
Pic
(
Z
)

can be understood in terms of the dimensions of the images of the Abel maps, as subspaces of $$\mathrm{Pic}(Z)$$

Pic
(
Z
)

. In this note we present two algorithms, which provide these dimensions. Usually, the dimension of $$\mathrm{Pic}(Z)$$

Pic
(
Z
)

and of the dimension of the image of the Abel maps are not topological. However, we provide combinatorial formulae for them in terms of the resolution graph whenever the analytic structure on $$\widetilde{X}$$

X
~

is generic.
Freely available artificial intelligence for pelvic lymph node metastases in PSMA PET-CT that performs on par with nuclear medicine physicians
Authors: Trägårdh Elin , Enqvist Olof , Ulén Johannes , Hvittfeldt Erland , Garpered Sabine , Belal Sarah Lindgren , Bjartell Anders , Edenbrandt Lars 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the detection of pelvic lymph node metastases in scans obtained using [18F]PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) from patients with high-risk prostate cancer. The second goal was to make the AI-based method available to other researchers.

Methods
[18F]PSMA PET-CT scans were collected from 211 patients. Suspected pelvic lymph node metastases were marked by three independent readers. A CNN was developed and trained on a training and validation group of 161 of the patients. The performance of the AI method and the inter-observer agreement between the three readers were assessed in a separate test group of 50 patients.

Results
The sensitivity of the AI method for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases was 82%, and the corresponding sensitivity for the human readers was 77% on average. The average number of false positives was 1.8 per patient. A total of 5–17 false negative lesions in the whole cohort were found, depending on which reader was used as a reference. The method is available for researchers at www.recomia.org.

Conclusion
This study shows that AI can obtain a sensitivity on par with that of physicians with a reasonable number of false positives. The difficulty in achieving high inter-observer sensitivity emphasizes the need for automated methods. On the road to qualifying AI tools for clinical use, independent validation is critical and allows performance to be assessed in studies from different hospitals. Therefore, we have made our AI tool freely available to other researchers.
Visual improvement and regeneration of retinal layers in eyes with small, medium, and large idiopathic full-thickness macular holes treated with the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique over a period of 12 months
Authors: Bleidißel Nathalie , Friedrich Julia , Feucht Nikolaus , Klaas Julian , Maier Mathias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to compare the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the reduction in defect length of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in small ($$<$$
<
250 μm), medium ($$\ge$$
≥
250 μm), and large ($$\ge$$
≥
400 μm) full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) treated with inverted internal limiting membrane (I-ILM) flap technique over a follow-up period of 12 months.

Methods
Ninety-one eyes of 87 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. BCVA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were conducted preoperatively as well as after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. The defect length of the ELM and the EZ was measured using the caliper tool at each follow-up time point.

Results
BCVA improved significantly in the group of small, medium, and large FTMH over the time of 12 months, whereby the improvement did not depend on FTMH size over 9 months. Only after 12 months, large FTMH showed significantly higher BCVA improvement compared to small and medium FTMH. The closure rate was 100% (91/91). The defect length of ELM and EZ reduced continuously over the period of 12 months. There was a significant correlation between defect length of ELM and EZ with postoperative BCVA.

Conclusion
The I-ILM flap technique has very good morphological and functional outcomes in small, medium, and large FTMH over a long-time period, indicating that it can be considered as a treatment option in small and medium FTMH. The defect length of ELM and EZ is directly connected to postoperative BCVA.