bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilisation in distribution of hybrid ordinary differential equations by periodic noise
Authors: Bahar Arifah , Dong Ran , Mao Xuerong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany systems in the real world are periodic due to periodic phenomena in nature. Periodic hybrid stochastic differential equations are often used to model them. In many situations, it is inappropriate to study whether the solutions of periodic hybrid stochastic differential equations will converge to an equilibrium state (say, 0 or the trivial solution) but more appropriate to discuss whether the probability distributions of the solutions will converge to a stationary distribution, known as stability in distribution. This paper aims to determine whether or not a periodic stochastic state feedback control can make a given nonlinear periodic hybrid differential equation, which is not stable in distribution, to become stable in distribution. This problem will be referred to as stabilisation in distribution by periodic noise. There is little known on this problem so far. This paper initiates the study in this direction.
Integral equation analysis of multiport H‐plane microwave circuits by using 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions accelerated by the Ewald Method
Authors: Quesada Pereira Fernando D. , Huescar de la Cruz Antonio M. , Gómez Molina Celia , Melcón Alejandro Álvarez , Boria Esbert Vicente E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn integral equation technique for the analysis of multiport H‐plane microwave circuits composed of an unlimited number of arbitrarily shaped metallic and/or dielectric elements is proposed. The structure under study is divided into different regions after the application of the surface equivalence principle. Following this approach, the access waveguide ports are modelled by means of parallel plate Green's functions, whereas the central region is characterised by 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions. The use of this kind of Green's functions represents a novelty for solving H‐plane integral equation problems. For the first time, the Ewald method has been employed in order to accelerate the computation of the 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions and their derivatives, needed in the integral equation. In addition, convergence studies show the numerical convenience of using the Ewald method to achieve a fast and accurate evaluation of these Green's functions. Results show that the analysis can be very efficient if the structure is segmented in a proper way based on fitting the cavity resonator within the geometry of the structure under analysis. In fact, all the walls of the structure that are coincident with the auxiliary resonator need not to be discretised during the numerical solution. Finally, several simulation examples of practical inductive microwave circuits are presented and discussed, showing a good agreement and higher computational efficiency when compared to results provided by commercial full‐wave software tools and measurements.
A simple and highly efficient flyback inverter control strategy for AC module application
Authors: Mohammadi Saleh , Izadfar Hamid Reza , Eskandarian Naser 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA simple and efficient control structure of a flyback converter is proposed in this paper considering its intrinsic dynamic characteristics. The proposed control strategy makes use of a PI controller with a low pass filter to overcome the limitations on determining the gains of the feedback control system result from the right‐half‐plane (RHP) zero and LC filter dynamics. Therefore, the target output current is properly tracked and the disturbances are attenuated by the proposed control system. Furthermore, the stability requirements are satisfied and a zero steady‐state error is obtained by appropriately regulating the control signal. This control method is very fast applying the minimum number of delays in its scheme which causes the computational burden to be significantly reduced. Finally, the theoretical claims are confirmed by simulation and experimental results on a 200‐W laboratory prototype.
Passive localisation of mixed near‐field and far‐field signals using the transformed symmetric nested array
Authors: Du Bo , Cui WeiJia , Wang Jianhui , Ba Bin , Wang Yinsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirection of arrival (DOA) estimation of mixed near‐field (NF) and far‐field (FF) signals is one of the key issues in the study of array signal processing. For more precise localisation performance, sparse arrays have drawn the attention of an increasing number of academics. Excitingly, sparse arrays enable larger array apertures and higher degrees of freedom (DOFs) than traditionally used uniform linear arrays. Consequently, this study proposes a transformed symmetric nested array (TSNA) for the passive localisation application regarding mixed NF and FF. There are three processes that go into building the proposed array. In the first step, we swap the positions of the uniform linear arrays and the sparse linear arrays in the nested array. In the second step, we place the corresponding array sensors extracted from the uniform linear array behind the uniform linear array to form a new subarray. In the last step, the TSNA is constructed by folding the formed array in half. Furthermore, we give the formula of the largest consecutive lags of the TSNA and its corresponding constructor. Finally, through theoretical analysis and computer performance simulation, this study illustrates the proposed array's numerous advantages over currently used symmetric sparse arrays.
Coping with loss
Authors: Temmink K. D. , Pols O. R. , Justham S. , Istrate A. G. , Toonen S. 
Published: November 2022

Context.The stability of mass transfer is critical in determining pathways towards various kinds of compact binaries, such as compact main-sequence white-dwarf binaries, and transients, such as double white-dwarf mergers and luminous red novae. Despite its importance, very few systematic studies of the stability of mass transfer exist.Aims.We study the behaviour of mass-losing donor stars in binary systems in a systematic way. We focus on identifying and understanding the parameter space for stable mass transfer in low- and intermediate-mass binaries with post-main-sequence donor stars as well as the properties of ultimately unstable binary systems at the onset of the instabilities.Methods.We employed the 1D stellar evolution code MESA to simulate the mass-transfer evolution of 1404 binary systems with donor-star masses between 1 M⊙and 8 M⊙. We studied the behaviour of the binaries during mass transfer, without assuming that the donor star responds adiabatically to mass loss. We treated the accretor as a point mass, which we do not evolve, and assumed the mass transfer is conservative.Results.We considered several criteria to define when unstable mass transfer occurs. We find that the criterion that best predicts the onset of runaway mass transfer is based on the transition to an effectively adiabatic donor response to mass loss. Using this quasi-adiabatic criterion, we determine the location of the stability boundary to within a relative uncertainty of five per cent in the mass ratio at the onset of mass transfer. Defining this critical mass ratio (qqad) in terms of accretor mass over donor mass, we find thatqqad ∼ 0.25 for stars with radiative envelopes that cross the Hertzsprung gap, while for convective giantsqqaddecreases from ∼1 at the base of the red giant branch to ∼0.1 at the onset of thermal pulses on the asymptotic giant branch. Compared with recent similar studies, we find increased stability of mass transfer from convective giants. This is because an effectively adiabatic response of the donor star only occurs at a very high critical mass-transfer rate due to the short local thermal timescale in the outermost layers of a red giant. Furthermore, we find that forq > qqadmass transfer is self-regulated, but that for evolved giants the resulting mass-transfer rates can be so high that the evolution becomes dynamical and/or the donor can overflow its outer lobe.Conclusions.Our results indicate that mass transfer is stable for a wider range of binary parameter space than typically assumed in rapid binary population synthesis. Moreover, we find a systematic dependence of the critical mass ratio on the donor star mass and radius, which may have significant consequences for predictions of post-mass-transfer populations.
Notvertretungsrecht in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Duttge Gunnar 
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?Mit Wirkung zum 1.1.2023 werden Ehegatten kraft Gesetzes (automatisch) zu Stellvertretern in sämtlichen „Angelegenheiten der Gesundheitssorge“, d.h. auch für Therapieentscheidungen nahe dem Lebensende. Einer vorausgehenden Bevollmächtigung ad personam durch den Patienten (soweit er noch geschäftsfähig ist, sog. „Gesundheitsvollmacht“) bedarf es dann nicht mehr. Um möglichem Missbrauch entgegenzuwirken, hat sich der Gesetzgeber jedoch zugleich darum bemüht, Sicherungsvorkehrungen zu etablieren. Insbesondere ist eine zeitliche Befristung und eine generelle Nachrangigkeit der gesetzlichen Stellvertretung gegenüber Vollmacht und gerichtlicher Betreuung vorgesehen, was die neue Vertretungsbefugnis für Ehegatten eher zu einer Maßnahme der Überbrückung in Notlagen macht. Blickt man auf den für Klinikeinrichtungen und Ärzteschaft damit verbundenen bürokratischen Aufwand, wird man allerdings am Sinn des neuen Rechts zweifeln.
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Radiological Gastrostomy (PRG) as a Rescue Measure for Enteral Feeding in Patients with Advanced Head, Neck, and Upper Digestive Malignancies
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Chahal Anurag , Malla Sundeep , Bharti Sachidanand G. , Kumar Sunil , Biswas Ahitagni , Sahoo Ranjit , Pramanik Raja , Pathy Sushmita , Bhaskar Suman , Chandrashekhara S.H. , Sreenivas V. , Thulkar Sanjay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy is an established mode of enteral feeding for nutritional support for patients with dysphagia from upper digestive tract malignancy. Its role as a rescue measure in patients with advanced malignancy, presenting with absolute dysphagia and failure of nasogastric tube insertion has not been well established.
Purpose This study was performed to assess technical success and long-term outcomes of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (push type) for nutritional support for patients with absolute dysphagia as a last ditch nonsurgical rescue effort for enteral access.
Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study of 31 patients who underwent push-type percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy over a period of 2 years (March 2017–March 2019). The study was a part of a larger trial approved by the institutional ethics committee. Patients were followed till the removal of tube, death, or 1 year, whichever was earlier. Gastrostomy tube-related problems and complications were documented. Descriptive summary statistics were employed to analyze the success rate and complications.
Results Thirty-one patients with mean age 56 years (26–78 years) including 18 males and 13 females with head and neck squamous cell cancer and esophageal cancer presenting with absolute dysphagia or significant dysphagia with failed nasogastric or endoscopic enteral access were included. Overall technical success was 93.5% (29/31), achieved in 26/31 patients with just fluoroscopy guidance and 3/5 patients with computed tomography guidance. One major (3.3%) and two minor (6.5%) complications were encountered. Five out of 29 gastrostomy tubes had to be exchanged, after a mean of 44 days (1–128 days) after insertion.
Conclusion Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy is a safe and effective intervention even as a rescue measure in patients with absolute dysphagia from advanced upper digestive tract malignancies.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Impaired Neurodevelopment—What May Be the Missing Link?
Authors: Kramer Boris W. , Niklas Victoria , Abman Steven 
Published: November 2022

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and poor neurodevelopmental outcome after preterm birth are closely associated. However, mechanistic links are uncertain. We are exploring the hypothesis that decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 after preterm birth due to the abrupt end of supply by the placenta impairs growth during critical windows of development in most organs, including the lung and brain. Throughout gestation, the fetus uses glycolysis as its main source of energy. Metabolism is mainly stopped at pyruvate, which serves as a “metabolic crossroad”, allowing for the production of amino acids and other “building blocks” for new cells. Metabolic pathways are differentially regulated in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The ratio between pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) determines the biochemical activity which irreversibly metabolizes pyruvate to acetyl-co-A. Metabolites in the nucleus modulate epigenetic remodeling, an essential mechanism of normal growth and maturation during development. IGF-1 has been shown to contribute significantly to the development of virtually all organs, especially related to the regulation of microvascular growth, based on extensive studies of the brain, retina, lung, and intestine. With a preterm birth, the abrupt withdrawal of the placental supply of IGF-1 and its local production directly affects metabolism and microvascular development, which may contribute to a high risk for organ maldevelopment and injury after birth. We speculate that reduced bioavailability of IGF-1 is a possible link between lung and brain development disruption and increases susceptibility for major pulmonary and neurocognitive morbidities in preterm babies.
Key Points
What do we visually focus on in a World Heritage Site? A case study in the Historic Centre of Prague
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Kang Jian , Wu Yue , Yang Da , Meng Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince socio-economic development is associated with artificial construction, heritage environments must be protected and renewed while adapting to such development. Many World Heritage Sites’ visual integrity is endangered by new construction. The paper aims to explore people’s visual focus patterns concerning the integrity of heritage to ensure that traditional culture is not endangered by the construction and development of modern life, and to protect Outstanding Universal Values. In this study, visual heatmaps are generated to investigate people’s visual integrity in the Historic Centre of Prague from micro to macro viewpoints using an eye tracker. We found that humans’ perspectives are unobstructed or concentrated, and the view of main attractions is generally maintained by a buffer zone. However, newly constructed high-rise buildings can result in major visual concerns. Therefore, new buildings with large heights and strong contrasting colours should be restricted to World Heritage Sites. Moreover, complex artistic effects (facade midline, domes, mural painting, faces of sculptures) will likely attract people’s attention. In contrast, visual focus is not concentrated on greenery, roofs and floors. Accordingly, greenery could become a flexible space to serve as a background for buildings and landscape nodes. Furthermore, visual focal factors are associated with two significant aspects: people and the environment. Since people and transportation could pose visual concerns, tourism managers should optimise for characteristics such as controlling the density of pedestrian flow and planning parking spaces. The visual patterns identified could be useful for the design, conservation, and management of visual integrity in cultural heritage sites to avoid the spread of artificial constructions within the boundaries of heritage sites, which may lead to their being endangered or delisted.
Pedestal fluctuation measurements with charge exchange imaging at the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Major M. R. , McKee G. R. , Geiger B. , Hartog D. J. Den , Jaehnig K. , Seyfert C. , Smith D. R. , Stewart S. D. , Yan Z. 
Published: November 2022

A new high radial resolution 2D multichannel Charge eXchange Imaging (CXI) diagnostic is under development for deployment at DIII-D. The diagnostic system will measure low-to-intermediate radial wavenumber carbon density fluctuations by observing the n = 8 − 7 (λ = 529.06 nm) C-VI emission line, resulting from charge exchange collisions between heating neutral beam atoms and the intrinsic carbon ion density. The new CXI diagnostic will provide measurements with ΔR ∼ 0.4 cm to access higher kr instabilities (kr &lt; 8 cm−1) predicted to arise in the steep-gradient region of the H-mode pedestal. The CXI system will feature 60 fiber bundles in a 12 × 5 arrangement, with each bundle consisting of four 1 mm fibers. A custom optical system has been designed to filter and image incoming signals onto an 8 × 8 avalanche photodiode array. Additionally, a novel electronics suite has been designed and commissioned to amplify and digitize the relatively low-intensity carbon signal at a 2 MHz bandwidth. Forward modeling results of the active C-VI emission suggest sufficient signal to noise ratios to resolve turbulent fluctuations. Prototype measurements demonstrate the ability to perform high frequency pedestal measurements.
Current advances on Talbot–Lau x-ray imaging diagnostics for high energy density experiments (invited)
Authors: Valdivia M. P. , Perez-Callejo G. , Bouffetier V. , Collins G. W. , Stoeckl C. , Filkins T. , Mileham C. , Romanofsky M. , Begishev I. A. , Theobald W. , Klein S. R. , Schneider M. K. , Beg F. N. , Casner A. , Stutman D. 
Published: November 2022

Talbot–Lau x-ray interferometry is a refraction-based diagnostic that can map electron density gradients through phase-contrast methods. The Talbot–Lau x-ray deflectometry (TXD) diagnostics have been deployed in several high energy density experiments. To improve diagnostic performance, a monochromatic TXD was implemented on the Multi-Tera Watt (MTW) laser using 8 keV multilayer mirrors (Δθ/θ = 4.5%-5.6%). Copper foil and wire targets were irradiated at 1014–1015 W/cm2. Laser pulse length (∼10 to 80 ps) and backlighter target configurations were explored in the context of Moiré fringe contrast and spatial resolution. Foil and wire targets delivered increased contrast &lt;30%. The best spatial resolution (&lt;6 μm) was measured for foils irradiated 80° from the surface. Further TXD diagnostic capability enhancement was achieved through the development of advanced data postprocessing tools. The Talbot Interferometry Analysis (TIA) code enabled x-ray refraction measurements from the MTW monochromatic TXD. Additionally, phase, attenuation, and dark-field maps of an ablating x-pinch load were retrieved through TXD. The images show a dense wire core of ∼60 μm diameter surrounded by low-density material of ∼40 μm thickness with an outer diameter ratio of ∼2.3. Attenuation at 8 keV was measured at ∼20% for the dense core and ∼10% for the low-density material. Instrumental and experimental limitations for monochromatic TXD diagnostics are presented. Enhanced postprocessing capabilities enabled by TIA are demonstrated in the context of high-intensity laser and pulsed power experimental data analysis. Significant advances in TXD diagnostic capabilities are presented. These results inform future diagnostic technique upgrades that will improve the accuracy of plasma characterization through TXD.
Rheology and microstructure of thermoresponsive composite gels of hematite pseudocubes and Pluronic F127
Authors: More Prasanna , Sangitra Surya Narayana , Bohidar H. B. , Pujala Ravi Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Stimuli-responsive materials or smart materials are designed materials whose properties can be changed significantly by applying external stimuli, such as stress, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, and pH. We report the linear and nonlinear rheological properties of thermoresponsive composite gels based on submicron-sized hematite pseudocube-shaped particles and a triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 (PF127). These novel composites form hard gels at an elevated temperature of 37 °C. For certain concentrations (&lt;20 w/v. %) of hematite pseudocubes in 17.5 w/v. % of PF127, the gel strength is enhanced and the brittleness of the gels decreases. Higher concentrations (&gt;20 w/v. %) of hematite pseudocubes in PF127 result in weaker and fragile gels. We develop an extensive rheological fingerprint using linear and nonlinear rheological studies. Adsorption of PF127 copolymer molecules on the hematite cube surfaces would further assist the formation of particle clusters along with magnetic interactions to be held effectively in the PF127 micellar network at elevated temperatures. The microscopic structure of these composite gels is visualized through a confocal microscope. Our experiments show that addition of hematite cubes up to 20 w/v. % does not change the rapid thermal gelation of PF127 solutions; hence, the hematite–PF127 composite, which transforms into a hard gel near human body temperature of 37 °C, could be suitable for use in smart drug delivery systems.
Theoretical and experimental investigation on the low-frequency vibro-acoustic characteristics of a finite locally resonant plate
Authors: Guo Peng , Zhou Qi-zheng , Luo Zi-yin 
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the low-frequency vibro-acoustic characteristics of a finite locally resonant (LR) plate. A dynamic model of the finite LR plate consisting of periodic arrays of beam-like resonators attached to a thin aluminum plate with simply supported boundary conditions is established, and the average vibration response and radiated efficiency are theoretically determined by using modal-superposition and harmonic-balance methods. In addition, the study investigates the influence of the parameters and number of additional resonators on the vibro-acoustic performance of the finite LR plate. Finally, a vibration experiment of a finite plate with 8 × 10 uniformly distributed beam-like resonators validates the theoretical analysis results. The numerical and experimental results show that the finite LR plate has a low-frequency bandgap that can suppress the vibration and radiated noise of the structure, and the bandgap position is close to the resonance frequency of resonators. The position and performance of bandgaps can be influenced by changing the parameters and number of resonators. The experimental results show a bandgap ranging from 370 to 425 Hz, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. The finite LR plates proposed in this study can find potential applications in the attenuation of low-frequency vibration and noise.