bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The severe drought over Tamil Nadu during the retreating monsoon period of 1968 and its associations with anomalies in the upper level flow patterns over the northern hemisphere
Authors: RAMABWAMY C. 
Published: February 2022

The mean contours and isotherms over the Indian sub-continent at the 850.mband 300-mb levels and the moisture- content of the air over Tamil Nadu in November 1968 (a month of severe drought in that State) and in November 1966 (a month of fairly good retreating monsoon rainfall over the same area) have been discussed. The daily 700 and 500-mb charts for the Indian sub-continent, the 300 and 200-mb charts for Asia and Europe and the monthly mean 700-mb charts for the northern hemisphere during the same two months have also been studied. It has been shown that, during the drought month, the Subtropical Jet Stream System (STJS) was not only in unusually low latitudes over India but it was also markedly stronger than usual. This abnormality in the STJS was directly or indirectly associated with large-scale anomalies in the upper level flow patterns in the atmosphere over the middle and higher latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The genesis of these anomalies has been traced back step by step as far west as the United States of America.
The anomalous fluctuations of the STJS were indirectly responsible for the cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal being 'steered away' from Tamil Nadu and were thus also partly responsible for the drought conditions over Tamil Nadu.
The observed progressive trend of equatorward movement of the STJS along with the polar front jet and a deep cyclonic vortex in the subpolar latitudes in November 1968 has been discussed in relation to the progressive increase in the rainfall deficiency over Tamil Nadu during the Same period. It has been suggested that the parameters utilised in the present study could be tried out in medium range forecasting of rainfall over Tamil Nadu during the retreating monsoon period.
Trends and quasi-biennial oscillation in the series of cyclonic disturbances over the Indian region
Authors: BHALME H. N. 
Published: February 2022

Seasonal and annual freq1leoncies of cyclonic disturbances that occurred over the area extending from Lat, 5 N to 35 N and Long, 50 E to 100 E for the period of 80 years from 1891 to 1970 have been examined by fitting orthogonal polynomials and by power spectrum analysis.
The analyses reveal a significant falling trend in the number of cyclonic disturbances in the SW monsoon season. This fall seems to have began at the start of the present century, Annual cyclonic disturbances show a falling trend after 1940 upto1965 and rise afterwards. The long period oscillation of about 40 years is seen in the SW monsoon and annual number of cyclonic disturbances. There IS also an evidence of q1lasi-biennial oscillation in the number of cyclonic disturbances during SW monsoon season.
Sunshine and cloudiness over India
Authors: GANESAN H. R. 
Published: February 2022

The relationship between sunshine and cloudiness has been studied, by utilising sunshine and cloudiness data for period 1953-1965 in respect of 20 stations covering the Indian latitudes. Regression analysis has been carried out and regression constants have been derived. The total of 2995 samples from all the stations for the 12 months of the year has yielded as high a correlation factor as 0.87.
The estimated values of bright hours of sunshine agree very favourably with those actually observed. The cloud observations can thus be reliably utilized to supplement the instrumental measurements of sunshine to provide sufficient data for the study of climatology of duration of bright sunshine over India.
A scheme for deriving grid point values from observatory reports for numerical weather prediction
Authors: RAO Y. P. , RAMAMURTI K. S. , SINHA M. C. 
Published: February 2022

A mathematical method is developed to calcalate the value of any parameter at a grid-point from its average values over three squares symmetric around the point. The weighting functions are derived from the dimensions of the scanning squares. This procedure takes into account all differentials below the sixth order in a Taylor expansion. Truncation error due to neglect of higher order differentials is assessed. Certain refinements to the weighting functions due to using finite number of observations in scanning squares are introduced. Modification and suppression of small waves are discussed in relation to scan-length, average distance between observatories and their random distribution. The method was tried on long and short waves by a numerical experiment.
Certain aspects for intensification of tropical storms over Indian Ocean area
Authors: BANSAL R. K. , DATTA R. K. 
Published: February 2022

Palmen (1956) gave three climatological and geographical conditions as pre-requisites for the formation of tropical storms. One of these being that the region of formation of storm should be over sufficiently large sea or ocean area with temperature of the sea surface so high that airmass shifted from the lowest layers of the atmosphere and expanded adiabatically with condensation remains considerably warmer than the surrounding undisturbed atmosphere at least between 500 and 200 mb. The temperature differences for island stations of Port Blair and Minicoy and the coastal stations were studied to test the above hypothesis for Indian area. In general it is found that Palmen's hypothesis holds good over the Bay of Bengal as well as the Arabian Sea.
Incidence of droughts in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Mysore
Authors: GEORGE C. J. , RAMASASTRI K. S. , RENTALA G. S. 
Published: February 2022

Drought spells in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Mysore during the last 60-65 years are studied by computing the monthly Palmer index values. For computing the index, a detailed hydrologic accounting of the area is carried out for a large number of years using data of rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and water-holding capacity of the soil. Several parrameters are obtained from this accounting and the be are used to compute the 'CAFEC' (Climatically Appropriate For Existing Condition) precipitation of each month of the period. Anomaly of actual rainfall with respect to this 'CAFEC' precipitation is obtained for each month and this is used to compute Palmer index of the month.
Several drought spells occurred in these areas during the period studied. The longest drought spell experienced in each area was: (i) Interior My010re North-70 months (August 1922 to May 1928), (ii) Coastal Andhra Pradesh-57 months (July 1904 to March 1909), (iii) Tamil Nadu-41 months (November 1949 to March 1953), (iv) Rayalaseema 36 months (March 1941 to February 1944), (v) Telangana-35 months (May 1911 to March 1914 and July 1918 to May 1921) and (vi) Interior Mysore South-27 months (December 1948 to February 1951).
Trends of the concentrations of some gaseous pollutants in Bombay
Authors: ZUTSHI P. K. , MAHADEVAN T. N. , BANERJEE TAPOTI 
Published: February 2022

The monthly average concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total oxidants and ammonia over the years 1968-1971, at the BARC site, Bombay are presented. The figures indicate an overall tendency of increasing concentrations year after year.
The sulphur dioxide concentrations as measured by the lead peroxide method at several sites in Greater Bombay over the part few months as monthly averages are also presented. These figures indicate widespread sulphur dioxide pollution with a few pockets with relatively higher concentrations.
An empirical method for estimation of evaporation from free surface of water
Authors: REDDY S. JEEV ANANDA , RAO K. RAMA 
Published: February 2022

A new empirical method has been developed for computing the pan evaporation (E) using solar radiation intensities as obtained from the formulae of Reddy (1971) for total and net radiation intensities, The results obtained are in good agreement with observed value, which are presented. The formulae of Reddy (1971) for total (Rt) and nf,t (En) radiation intensities are extended to hill stations and are discussed. Curves suitable for direct reading of Rt. Rn and E values to the required accuracy are also presented.
On the use of wind direction fieid for the estimation of wind speed field
Authors: SHAIKH Z. E. , DATTA R. K. 
Published: February 2022

This paper describes an objective scheme to estimate wind speed from the available isogonal field in the interior region and wind speed and direction for the boundary region. As a first step, the mean monthly wind field is taken as a guess field for the interior region. The divergence field is then computed, which along with the wind direction for the interior region is used to improve the guess field in successive scans, so as to match it with a the wind field along the boundary.
This method has been tested over central India, a region of good conventional network. The results of the scheme which has potential advantages for augmenting data in otherwise sparse data region, is discussed.
Ozone concentration studies near the ground at Poona- Part I: Diurnal, seasonal and other time variations and ozone flux measurements
Authors: TIWARI V. S. , SREEDHARAN C. R. 
Published: February 2022

Using a Brewer bubbler ozone sensor, designed and developed in the Instruments Research Laboratories of the India Met. Dep. continuous measurements of ozone concentration near the ground were made at Poona (18°N, 73°E) for one year 1969,70. There is a marked diurnal variation in surface ozone concentration which clearly follows the diurnal variation of temperature and is again a maximum during the pre-monsoon hot season months and a minimum during the monsoon. The surface ozone concentration also shows a pronounced seasonal variation, with a minimum during the monsoon months and a maximum during the pre-monsoon hot weather months. A secondary maximum in ozone concentration occurs in the forenoon during the winter months, associated with the breakdown of temperature inversion that occurs near the ground.
From continuous measurements of surface ozone made with three electrochemical sensors exposed at three levels, 0,15 and 35 m above the ground, the ozone flux was calculated using the rate of decay method used by Kroening and Ney, and Regener's profile method. The profile method gives values of 1. 71 to 7. 04X 1011 mol/cm2/sec and the rate of decay method gives 4.2 to5.6 x 10l1mol/cm2/sec which are in good agreement with the flux values reported by other investigators.
Airflow in a city
Authors: MURTY K.P.R. VITTAL 
Published: February 2022

The most important factor influencing the atmospheric pollution is wind. In the present article a theoretical model is described to obtain the wind flow inside a city area.
A horizontally homogeneous stationary turbulent layer is considered and the constructions like buildings, etc. are considered as obstacles in the fluid flow and are further assumed to be uniformly placed. The air is considered to be thermally neutral. The equations for the above said fluid flow are derived and a solution is obtained. The important results of theoretical calculations, namely, the variation of wind velocity with the area and type of obstruction and with the momentum flux entering from the ground flow are illustrated by means of diagrams.
The faultplane technique and the mechanism in the focus of the Hindu Kush earthquakes
Authors: RITSEMA A. R. 
Published: February 2022

The mechanism in the focus of the Hindu Kush earthquakes centering at 36½ °N, 70 ½° E and a depth of about 220 km is investigated. The faultplane technique developed by Byerly and Koning and extended by Hodgson is simplified by using the azimuth and the angle with the downward vertical in which the wave did leave the focus as variables and not the azimuth and epicentral distance or “ extended epicentral distance”. Compression and diltation data of the P and PKP waves as reported to ISS and BCIS increased with some data as observed in original seismograms or copies of some seismographic stations in the NW.--SE azmiuth are the bases of this study. The use of reflected longitudinal waves and the S wave for the same purpose is briefly discussed.
It is found that the earthquakes are caused by a thrust fault movement in the focus. The principal stress component (greatest compression) acts about horizontal in the NW -SE azimuth the smallest stress component (greatest stretching) about vertical somewhat inclined towards SW. The derived stress system is not in contradiction with the about NE-SW trending Hindu Kush mountain system.
A SUMMARY OF THE DEBRIEFING REPORTS FROM “comets”
Authors: RAMMURTHI K.M. 
Published: February 2022

In May 1992, the B.O.A.C. introduced on regular schedule ' COMET ' Jet Aircraft operating at ahout 40,000 feet on London Singapore and London-Colombo routes passing also through Karachi, New Delhi,Calcutta, Rangoon and Karachi, Bombay,Colombo respectively.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG KULUR II MENGENAI PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN LAUT
Authors: Welembuntu Meistvin , Manoppo Sherina Jelien , Gobel Iswanto 
Published: February 2022

Kecelakaan dapat terjadi di mana saja menenimbulkan rasa kaget, dan dapat menyebabkan kepanikan. Adanya rasa panik dapat menyebabkan korban baru sehingga dibutuhkankan suatu ketenangan. Pemberian pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan adalah satu hal yang paling penting, karena dengan penanganan secara cepat akibat yang fatal dapat dihindarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu diketahuinya tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Kampung Kulur II mengenai pertolongan pertama pada kejadian kecelakaan laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil nya menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan responden terbanyak yaitu 55% memiliki pengetahuan cukup, 42,5% memiliki pengetahuan baik, dan kurang pengetahuan sebanyak 2,5%. Diharapkan pihak pemerintah daerah dan tenaga Kesehatan lebih aktif lagi dalam peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat.

Accidents can happen anywhere causing shock and panic. Panic can cause new victims so it needs calmness. First aid to accident victims is one of the most important things because with rapid treatment fatal consequences can be avoided. The purpose of this study wants to know the level of knowledge of the people at Kulur II village to perform first aid in marine accidents. The method used was a descriptive research design to determine the level of knowledge. The results showed that 55% of respondents have a sufficient level of knowledge, 42.5% of respondents have good knowledge, and 2.5 % of respondents have less knowledge. The local government, as well as health workers, should be more active to improve the community's knowledge in terms of how to perform first aid.
Building Up Atmosphere Can Affect The Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnant Women
Authors: Susan Yanti , Titin Neng 
Published: February 2022

One of the causes bleeding of maternity is anemia. Anemia in pregnancy is anemia due to iron deficiency, this typenof anemia is relatively easy to treat, even cheap. Anemia in pregnancy is a health problem that has high complications for both maternity and fetus. Pregnant women with anemia of more than 50% can cause maternal morbidity and mortality. The research is quantitative research, and using cross sectional design. The population and sample was all pregnant women at Cimanggung village. Sampling used total sampling technique. The type of data collected is primary data. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the p value was 0.00< = 0,005, so the resulths showed tha H0 was rejected, meaning that there was a relationship between Establishment of this atmosphere and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Cimanggung village. Based on the results of this study it is suggested that midwife always improve building a good atmosphere with the community.
Comparison of Symptoms and Antibody Response Following Administration of Moderna or Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Kelliher Michael T. , Levy Joshua J. , Nerenz Robert D. , Poore Bradley , Johnston Abigail A. , Rogers Amanda R. , Stella Mary E. O. , Snow Sarah E. , Cervinski Mark A. , Hubbard Jacqueline A. 
Published: February 2022

Context.—
Moderna (mRNA-1272) and Pfizer (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrate favorable safety and efficacy profiles, but direct comparison data are lacking.

Objective.—
To determine the vaccines' side effect profiles and expected antibody responses. These data may help personalize vaccine selection and identify individuals with a suboptimal vaccine response.

Design.—
One hundred forty-nine healthy, largely seronegative adults were assigned Moderna (n = 79) or Pfizer (n = 70). Following the second dose, participants completed a survey documenting their side effects. Serum was collected 0 to 4 days prior to dose 2, and 14 ± 4 days, 30 ± 4 days, 90 ± 10 days, and 180 ± 20 days after dose 2. Convalescent serum specimens were collected 32 to 54 days from donors after a polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 20). Anti-spike antibodies were measured using the Roche Diagnostics Elecys Anti–SARS-CoV-2 S assay on a Roche cobas e801 instrument.

Results.—
Participants receiving the Moderna vaccine experienced side effects with greater frequency and severity. Both vaccines elicited a robust antibody response, but median signal was higher in Moderna recipients. Symptom severity decreased with age. Antibody response in Pfizer recipients negatively correlated with age. Antibody response decreased after 6 months (84% reduction in Moderna, 79% Pfizer), but values remained greater than for convalescent donors. Antibody response did not correlate with gender or symptom severity.

Conclusions.—
Moderna may be preferred in individuals in need of greater immune stimulation (eg, older individuals), whereas Pfizer may be preferred in those concerned about vaccine reactions. Anti-spike antibody signal varies by vaccine, so specific reference intervals will be needed to identify individuals with a suboptimal response.
La comunicación interna como herramienta estratégica constructora y transmisora de la cultura organizacional
Authors: Guerrero Alvarado Marta , Sotelo González Joaquín , Cabezuelo Lorenzo Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Tema principal. Este artículo presenta la comunicación interna como una herramienta estratégica clave para la construcción y la transmisión de la cultura organizacional.
Desarrollo. Este artículo sitúa a la comunicación interna en el contexto actual de un nuevo paradigma social, laboral, tecnológico, sanitario (tras la pandemia provocada por el Covid-19) y comunicativo. En este sentido, contempla la consecuente aparición de una nueva cultura laboral en la que el talento, el compromiso y la motivación de los profesionales serán factores fundamentales para el desarrollo de las organizaciones. De este modo, expone la estrecha vinculación de la comunicación interna con estos factores y con la construcción y transmisión de la cultura organizacional, por lo que se deberá concebir como una herramienta estratégica presente en todos los procesos y niveles organizativos.
Punto de vista y aportaciones. El artículo contribuye a considerar la comunicación interna como una función estratégica, fundamental e irrenunciable para las organizaciones actuales, dada su estrecha e interdependiente relación con sus sistemas culturales.
Repercusiones y conclusiones. La comunicación interna es una función fundamental en el desarrollo de las organizaciones. Para lograr su efectividad, esta herramienta estratégica ha de estar presente en los diferentes procesos organizativos, a la vez que en la planificación que recoja los objetivos corporativos y las acciones pertinentes para alcanzarlos. Este carácter transversal de la comunicación interna la constituye, precisamente, como la base de la cultura organizacional. El presente artículo destaca también su valor vehicular para la conformación y el mantenimiento del sistema cultural de la organización, así como para la transmisión de los aspectos que lo integran. Comprendiendo la estrechísima e interdependiente relación que existe entre la comunicación interna y la cultura, concluirá que ambas están al servicio de la organización y sus profesionales, por lo que no se podrán separar la una de la otra.
Analysis of Consumer Preferences in Selecting Processed Fish Products (Case Study in Bendungan Hilir Market, Central Jakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Fadlan Muhamad , Nurhayati Atikah , Maulina Ine , Rizal Achmad 
Published: February 2022

At the moment, there has been minimal research on consumer preferences for purchasing processed fish products, with this study aiming to discover how consumer behavior affects the purchasing decision towards processed fish products. The purpose of this study is to examine processed fish products that are popular among Jakarta Indonesia consumers, as well as the factors that influence their purchasing decisions at Bendungan Hilir Market in Central Jakarta. the study used the method of descriptive analysis by observing Packaging color, type of packaging, product color, taste, and price. Validity and reliability tests were performed on the questionnaire. The characteristics of respondents and consumer behavior were analyzed descriptively, while the preferences of processed fish products, such as fish balls, jambal salted fish, shredded fish, fish nuggets, fish cake, and attributes in processed fish products that consumers will consider when purchasing processed fish products, were analyzed using Chi-Square. According to the findings, the processed fish product that became the consumer's favorite at the Bendungan Hilir Market was fish cake. Many of the factors that influenced the purchasing decision included the color of the white packaging, the color of the natural product, and the type of plastic packaging, but the most important factor in selecting products for fish balls, jambal salted fish, shredded fish, fish nuggets, and fish cake was the original taste. Fish balls and fish cake are priced between Rp. 15,000 and Rp. 20,000, while jambal salted fish, shredded fish, and fish nuggets are priced above Rp. 20,000.