bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion and expansion of vitellogenin vesicles during Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal senescence
Authors: Zhai Chao , Zhang Nan , Li Xi‐Xia , Chen Xi , Sun Fei , Dong Meng‐Qiu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome of the most conspicuous aging phenotypes of C. elegans are related to post‐reproductive production of vitellogenins (Vtg), which form yolk protein (YP) complexes after processing and lipid loading. Vtg/YP levels show huge increases with age, and inhibition of this extends lifespan, but how subcellular and organism‐wide distribution of these proteins changes with age has not been systematically explored. Here, this has been done to understand how vitellogenesis promotes aging. The age‐associated changes of intestinal vitellogenin vesicles (VVs), pseudocoelomic yolk patches (PYPs), and gonadal yolk organelles (YOs) have been characterized by immuno‐electron microscopy. We find that from reproductive adult day 2 (AD 2) to post‐reproductive AD 6 and AD 9, intestinal VVs expand from 0.2 to 3–4 μm in diameter or by >3000 times in volume, PYPs increase by >3 times in YP concentration and volume, while YOs in oocytes shrink slightly from 0.5 to 0.4 μm in diameter or by 49% in volume. In AD 6 and AD 9 worms, mislocalized YOs found in the hypodermis, uterine cells, and the somatic gonadal sheath can reach a size of 10 μm across in the former two tissues. This remarkable size increase of VVs and that of mislocalized YOs in post‐reproductive worms are accompanied by extensive fusion between these Vtg/YP‐containing vesicular structures in somatic cells. In contrast, no fusion is seen between YOs in oocytes. We propose that in addition to the continued production of Vtg, excessive fusion between VVs and mislocalized YOs in the soma worsen the aging pathologies seen in C. elegans.
Habitat suitability and dispersal of invasive Striga species under climate change in Africa
Authors: David Oyinade A. , Obiakara Maxwell C. , Fabolude Gift O. , Akomolafe Gbenga F. , Ajiboye Modupe D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStriga species are highly invasive annual parasitic plants posing significant economic losses to the production of cereal grains and legumes in Africa. There is no explicit knowledge about the potential distribution of some important Striga species in Africa. In this study, we used the Maximum Entropy modelling algorithm (MaxEnt 3.4) to identify the bioclimatic variables that best explain the current geographic distribution of the three most aggressive Striga species in Africa. Present‐day climatically suitable areas were estimated at 14.53 million km2 (S. asiatica), 14.89 million km2 (S. hermonthica) and 12.13 million km2 (S. generioides), amounting to about 48%, 49% and 60% of the climatic space in Africa, respectively. Approximately, 11 million km2 were identified as stable and suitable across present and future periods for S. hermonthica, compared with 9 and 6 million km2 for S. asiatica and S. gesnerioides, respectively. Model projections showed that none of the study species would be able to disperse across much of northern and southern Africa. Striga hermonthica had the highest proportion (3.4%–9.3%) of colonised areas after dispersal simulations. The three Strigas predicted to be invasive in the tropical rainforest and tropical savannah of Africa. Breeding of polyploid Striga which causes sterility is considered as an alternative biological control to its spread.
Pharmacological perturbation of peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor gamma alters motility and mitochondrial function of bovine sperm
Authors: Losano João Diego de Agostini , Daigneault Bradford W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSperm transit through the female reproductive relies upon maintenance of sperm motility. Peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand‐activated nuclear transcription factor with roles in glucose metabolism and reproductive processes including placental function. PPARγ roles in the mammalian postejaculatory sperm function are incompletely defined.ObjectivesDetermine expression, localization, and functions of PPARγ in postejaculatory bovine sperm.Materials and methodsFrozen‐thawed bovine sperm from three to four different bulls were pooled and subjected to immunofluorescence and western blot for detection and localization of PPARγ. Functions in sperm energetics were explored through the addition of pharmacological inhibition (GW; GW9662) and activation (Ros; Rosiglitazone) in the culture medium at 0 and 24 h under non‐capacitating conditions. Samples were analyzed for sperm kinematics (CASA) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC‐1 fluorophore).ResultsPPARγ was detected in bovine sperm and co‐localized to the acrosome with re‐localization to the equatorial region in acrosome‐compromised sperm. The addition of Ros 50 µM for 24 h maintained superior total and progressive motility of sperm compared to vehicle control (VC‐DMSO 0.01%). The PPARγ antagonist GW 1 µM was detrimental to both total and progressive motility. A challenge experiment (Ros + GW) partially rescued total and progressive motility phenotypes observed with GW incubation. GW‐treated samples had a lower number of sperm with high MMP at 24 h compared to Ros or VC. The negative GW MMP phenotype was reversed with the addition of Ros + GW. Likewise, GW‐treated samples had more sperm with low MMP compared to VC and Ros, and this phenotype was partially restored with Ros + GW.ConclusionPPARγ is expressed in post‐ejaculatory bovine sperm with regulatory roles in sperm motility and MMP. These findings implicate PPARγ as a novel regulator of postejaculatory mammalian sperm energetics through non‐canonical signaling mechanisms.
Transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve: treatment of rheumatic heart disease in young patients
Authors: Knox Abbey , Bennetts Jayme S. , Gimpel Damian , Newland Richard F. , Baker Robert A. , Joseph Majo X. , Rice Gregory D. , Kangaharan Nadarajah , Sinhal Ajay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRheumatic heart disease (RHD) in young people presents a complex management problem. In Australia a significant proportion of those affected are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve (TMViV) replacement has emerged as an alternative to redo surgery in high‐risk patients with degenerated mitral bioprostheses. The aim of this study is to review outcomes of TMViV replacement in young patients with RHD.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing TMViV from December 2017 to June 2021. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary outcome was post‐operative trans‐thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) results.ResultsThere were seven patients with a mean age of 33 years and predominantly female (n = 5). Pre‐operative comorbidities included diabetes (29%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (43%), left ventricular dysfunction (43%) and current smoking status (80%). Post‐operative median length of hospital stay was 4 days with no post‐operative renal failure, stroke, return to theatre, valve embolization or in hospital mortality. Post‐operative TTE showed either nil or trivial central mitral regurgitation, no paravalvular leak and a median gradient of 5 mmHg (IQR 4.5, 7) across the new bioprosthesis; sustained at median follow‐up of 22 months.ConclusionCurrent literature of TMViV replacement is focused on an older population with concurrent comorbidities. This study provides a unique insight into TMViV replacement in a young cohort of patients with complex social and geographical factors which sometimes prohibits the use of a mechanical valve. The prevalence of RHD remains high for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, planning for future repeat valve operations should be considered from the outset. We consider TMViV as a part of a staged procedural journey for young patients with RHD.
A longitudinal study on the stability and causal relationships between disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability among Koreans with disability
Authors: Kim Eun Hye , Cui Li Na , Nho Choong Rai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal, reciprocal effects between disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability and to discuss implications for persons with disability. For this purpose, we used the third (2018–2020) raw data of the second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED), implemented by the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disability. We used an autoregressive cross‐lagged model to test reciprocal effects, and 4420 persons with disability responded to the three above‐mentioned waves of the PSED. The findings were as follows. First, disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability had significant effects on disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability in the third, fourth, and fifth waves. Second, there was a statistically significant longitudinal, reciprocal relationship between disability acceptance and self‐efficacy. In addition, self‐efficacy had a significant longitudinal, reciprocal relationship with interpersonal ability. However, interpersonal ability had a statistically significant longitudinal effect on disability acceptance, but not vice versa. Based on these results, we provided suggestions regarding how to improve disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability among persons with disability.
Reduced‐dose post‐transplant cyclophosphamide plus low‐dose post‐transplant anti‐thymocyte globulin as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis with fludarabine–busulfan–cytarabine conditioning in haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A multicentre, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Gui Ruirui , Zu Yingling , Zhang Binglei , Li Zhen , Zhang Yanli , Wang Xianjing , Guo Shuli , Zhan Xinrong , Fu Yuewen , Song Yongping , Zhou Jian 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAnti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) or post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)‐based regimens are widely used for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT). To improve the effectiveness of GVHD prophylaxis in haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo‐PBSCT), we conducted a multicentre, randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of reduced‐dose PTCy (40 mg/kg/d on days 3 and 4) combined with low‐dose post‐transplant ATG (2.5 mg/kg on day 8)‐based GVHD prophylaxis (reduced‐dose PTCy/ATG) with fludarabine–busulfan–cytarabine (FBA) conditioning for patients with haematological malignancies. From 2018 to 2022, 122 patients from four institutions were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a reduced‐dose PTCy/ATG or a standard‐dose ATG group (‘Beijing Protocol’, ATG: 10 mg/kg). All patients achieved myeloid engraftment. Cumulative incidences of grade II–IV (11.5% vs 39.3%, p = 0.001) and grade III–IV (6.6% vs 24.6%, p = 0.014) acute GVHD at day 100 were significantly reduced in the reduced‐dose PTCy/ATG group. Furthermore, two‐year overall survival, disease‐free survival and GVHD‐free/relapse‐free survival were significantly improved in the reduced‐dose PTCy/ATG group (75.4% vs 54.1%, p = 0.021; 72.7% vs 55.0%, p = 0.044; 61.3% vs 42.3%, p = 0.022 respectively). Our results demonstrate that the addition of low‐dose ATG to reduced‐dose PTCy with FBA conditioning is a promising strategy in haplo‐PBSCT.
Management of IgE‐mediated food allergy in the 21st century
Authors: Cafarotti Arianna , Giovannini Mattia , Begìn Philippe , Brough Helen A. , Arasi Stefania 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe 21st century has seen the propulsion of research in the field of food allergy, which has driven real changes in the clinical approach. Allergen immunotherapy has been recommended for the active management of food allergy. Data have shown promising additional methods of treatment, including biologics. Efforts have been devoted to the risk stratification of food allergy and the standardization of the assessment of food‐allergic severity. Alternative routes of administration of epinephrine are under investigation to minimize any mechanical issue and the fear of injections. Evidence‐based guidelines have been published by the main international societies in the field of anaphylaxis and food allergy management and new updates are in preparation. In the coming years, treatment options that are currently in pre‐clinical or early clinical evaluation will hopefully lead to safe and effective disease‐modifying therapies for food allergy in clinical practice. The identification of reliable biomarkers and the standardization of definitions and measurement approaches, alongside a shared decision‐making with patients and families, will be key for the development of personalized care and to help minimize the substantial burden of food allergy.
Anti‐abortion strategizing and the afterlife of the Geneva Consensus Declaration
Authors: Morgan Lynn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Geneva Consensus Declaration, introduced by the Trump‐Pence administration in 2020 and signed by thirty‐two countries, claims that there is no international right to abortion. Although the Declaration was subsequently repudiated by the Biden administration, it did not die. This paper traces the afterlife of the Geneva Consensus Declaration as part of an ongoing antiabortion strategy to form a global coalition. Its supporters hope to mobilize signing nations to remove sexual and reproductive rights from the agendas of multilateral agencies including the United Nations and Organization of American States. The Geneva Consensus Declaration puts antiabortion politics above all other considerations, creating common cause among governments that oppose reproductive and sexual rights by undermining multilateral governance.
Semaglutide improves cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity: STEP 1 and 4 exploratory analyses
Authors: Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Bhatta Meena , Davies Melanie , Deanfield John E. , Garvey W. Timothy , Khalid Usman , Kushner Robert , Rubino Domenica M. , Zeuthen Niels , Verma Subodh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsEvaluate the effects of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight/obesity without diabetes in the STEP 1 and 4 trials.Materials and MethodsSTEP 1 and 4 were phase III, 68‐week, placebo‐controlled trials of once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg combined with lifestyle intervention; STEP 4 had a 20‐week semaglutide run‐in and 48‐week randomized withdrawal period. Participants had a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 with one or more weight‐related comorbidity, without diabetes. Pre‐specified endpoints were changes in waist circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin and antihypertensive/lipid‐lowering medication use. Post‐hoc assessments included non‐high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR; STEP 1 only), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association algorithm; STEP 1 only) and cardiometabolic risk factors by weight loss achieved (<5%, 5% to <10%, 10% to <15%, or ≥15%) (STEP 1 only).ResultsOf the 1961 participants in STEP 1 and 803 in STEP 4, most had one or more complication/comorbidity at baseline, with dyslipidaemia and hypertension most prevalent. In STEP 1, reductions in waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FPG, fasting serum insulin, lipids and HOMA‐IR were greater with semaglutide versus placebo (p ≤ .001). Reductions in SBP, non‐HDL cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and FPG were generally greater with semaglutide than placebo within weight‐loss categories. Non‐significant ASCVD risk reductions were observed with semaglutide versus placebo (p > .05). In STEP 4, improvements in waist circumference, SBP, FPG, fasting serum insulin and lipids during the semaglutide run‐in (week 0‐20) were maintained over week 20‐68 with continued semaglutide, but deteriorated following the switch to placebo (p < .001 [week 20‐68]). Net reductions in antihypertensive/lipid‐lowering medication use occurred with semaglutide versus placebo (both trials).ConclusionsSemaglutide may improve cardiometabolic risk factors and reduce antihypertensive/lipid‐lowering medication use versus placebo in adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes. These potential benefits were not maintained after treatment discontinuation.ClinicalTrials.gov numbersSTEP 1 NCT03548935, STEP 4 NCT03548987.
Statin‐based endothelial prophylaxis and outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pabst Caroline , Schreck Nicholas , Benner Axel , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan , Radujkovic Aleksandar , Schmitt Michael , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Orsatti Laura , Dreger Peter , Luft Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) often remains the only curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Although the management of transplant‐associated adverse events considerably improved over the last decades, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) remains a challenge, and endothelial dysfunction was identified as a major contributor to NRM.MethodsStatin‐based endothelial prophylaxis (SEP) has been implemented in the standard of care in our transplant centre to reduce NRM caused by endothelial injury. Here, we retrospectively analysed the impact of SEP on clinical outcome in a cohort of 347 alloSCT patients.ResultsSEP (n = 209) was associated with significantly reduced NRM (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.96) and better overall survival (OS) after acute graft‐versus‐host disease (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93). Subgroup analyses showed that the NRM benefit was mainly found in patients with an intermediate endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX), while relapse risk was not affected. On day 100 post‐alloSCT, patients receiving SEP had significantly higher levels of the rate‐limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), higher kynurenine to tryptophan ratios as a proxy of IDO activity and tended to have lower levels of the endothelial injury marker ST2 (p = .055). No significant differences in interferon‐gamma or IL18 levels were observed. These biomarker signatures suggest that the beneficial effects of SEP might be mediated by both endothelial protection and immunomodulation.ConclusionsTogether, these data suggest that SEP improves NRM and OS post‐alloSCT in particular in patients with intermediate endothelial risk and provide first mechanistic clues about its potential mode of action.
Risk factors for insidious uveitis in the Knabstrupper breed
Authors: Kingsley Nicole B. , Sandmeyer Lynne , Parker Sarah E. , Dwyer Ann , Heden Sanna , Reilly Camilla , Hallendar‐Edman Anna , Archer Sheila , Bellone Rebecca R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is the leading cause of blindness for horses; previous research implicated the leopard complex spotting allele (LP) as a genetic risk factor for insidious uveitis in the Appaloosa. There is limited information about risk in the Knabstrupper.ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical manifestations, disease frequency and potential risk factors for ERU in Knabstrupper horses.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsOcular examinations were performed on 116 horses, and based on identified anomalies, horses were classified as suspect, ERU‐affected or having no clinical signs. Microagglutination testing (MAT) of serum assessed exposure toLeptospiraspp. Clinical signs, age, sex, base colour, coat pattern,LPandPATN1genotypes, percent white at birth, progressive roaning andLeptospirawere assessed as risk factors using multivariable exact logistic regression, accounting for clustering at the barn level. Additionally, a pedigree analysis was performed (n = 20 cases and 21 controls), and coefficients of coancestry (CC) and inbreeding were calculated.ResultsPrevalence of insidious uveitis in this sample of Knabstruppers was 20.7%. Similar to findings for Appaloosas,LPhomozygotes had higher odds of uveitis compared with true solid (N/N) horses (LP/LPOR = 7.64, 95% CI [0.8 to +INF],p = 0.04) and age was also identified as a risk factor. After accounting forLP, the 16–20 age group had higher odds compared with the youngest group (OR = 13.36, 95% CI [1.4–213.4],p = 0.009). The distributions of average CC were significantly different between cases and controls (p = 0.01).Main limitationsA relatively small sample size decreased the power for detecting additional associations. The progressive nature of insidious uveitis may have prevented identification of younger affected horses.ConclusionsOur data support genotyping forLPto assess risk of ERU in Knabstruppers. Additional studies are necessary to develop more robust risk models across LP breeds for earlier detection and improved clinical management.
Scoping review: Occurrence and definitions of postoperative complications in equine colic surgery
Authors: Gandini Marco , Cerullo Anna , Giusto Gessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative complications frequently occur following equine colic surgery but there is a lack of consistency in their definitions and reporting.ObjectivesTo perform a scoping review to identify current evidence on the definitions and classifications of postoperative complications in equine colic surgery.Study designEvidence review.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in CAB, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases using a PCC (Population‐equids, Concept‐complications, adverse events, sequelae, failure to cure, technical failure, disease progression and Context‐postoperative period after colic surgery) search strategy. Peer‐reviewed scientific articles in the English language on equine colic surgery in live client‐owned equids between 1992 and 2022 were included. The resulting references were independently and blindly screened by two investigators. Relevant data on the study method, sample size, intestinal tract involvement and postoperative complications were extracted and charted.ResultsAmong 5850 articles potentially eligible, 272 met the final inclusion criteria. The most frequent types of study design were retrospective cohort studies (121/272) and retrospective case series (82/272). Median sample size was 53 animals, range 3–896. Seventy‐nine of 272 (29%) studies reported diseases of the small intestine, 65 of 272 (24%) of the large intestine and 128 of 272 (47%) reported both. Seventy‐two studies (26.4%) focused on single complications. No study explicitly defined the term complication or cited a classification of complications. One study reported the definitions of ‘sequela’, ‘progression’ or ‘recurrence’ of lesions. Eighty‐one postoperative complications were reported in two‐time frames defined as short‐ and long‐term. The definitions of most complications and long‐term follow‐ups were highly variable.Main limitationNon‐English language studies or conference proceedings were excluded.ConclusionThere was a substantial lack of classifications of postoperative complications. The definitions of complications were highly variable, making it difficult to compare studies. Adopting classification systems and definitions may help surgeons to obtain a complete picture of the efficacy of a procedure or treatment and allow comparisons between studies, centres or time periods.
Prototypical words for core categories in French and English: Vocabulary as a window to culture
Authors: Hurst Sarah‐Kay 
Published: October 2022

The ChallengeVocabulary is often presented as a simple list of paired (L2: L1) items for a category, but does this approach overlook that the most prototypical words may be culture‐specific? Can authentic native speaker data enrich the selection and presentation of lexical items and allow learners to explore culture through vocabulary?