bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate associations between behavioural dimensions and white matter across children and adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bu Xuan , Gao Yingxue , Liang Kaili , Bao Weijie , Chen Ying , Guo Lanting , Gong Qiyong , Lu Hanzhang , Caffo Brian , Mori Susumu , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Integrity of white matter microstructure plays a key role in the neural mechanism of ADHD presentations. However, the relationships between specific behavioural dimensions and white matter microstructure are less well known. This study aimed to identify associations between white matter and a broad set of clinical features across children and adolescent with and without ADHD using a data‐driven multivariate approach.MethodWe recruited a total of 130 children (62 controls and 68 ADHD) and employed regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis to characterize the associations between white matter and a comprehensive set of clinical measures covering three domains, including symptom, cognition and behaviour. We further applied linear discriminant analysis to integrate these associations to explore potential developmental effects.ResultsWe delineated two brain–behaviour dimensional associations in each domain resulting a total of six multivariate patterns of white matter microstructural alterations linked to hyperactivity–impulsivity and mild affected; executive functions and working memory; externalizing behaviour and social withdrawal, respectively. Apart from executive function and externalizing behaviour sharing similar white matter patterns, all other dimensions linked to a specific pattern of white matter microstructural alterations. The multivariate dimensional association scores showed an overall increase and normalization with age in ADHD group while remained stable in controls.ConclusionsWe found multivariate neurobehavioral associations exist across ADHD and controls, which suggested that multiple white matter patterns underlie ADHD heterogeneity and provided neural bases for more precise diagnosis and individualized treatment.
Impaired pancreatic beta‐cell function after a single dose of oral iron: A before‐and‐after (pre–post) study
Authors: Venkatesan Padmanaban , Ramasamy Jagadish , Vanitha S. , Jacob Molly , Varghese Joe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough in vitro and animal studies have shown that iron loading in pancreatic beta cells impairs insulin secretion, no human studies have documented the acute effects of oral iron on beta‐cell insulin secretory capacity. In the present study, we determined beta‐cell insulin secretory capacity at baseline and after a single oral dose of iron (ferrous sulphate, 120 mg elemental iron) in healthy male individuals.MethodsFifteen healthy male volunteers underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to document baseline glucose tolerance and insulin secretion kinetics (baseline OGTT). One week later, the same subjects underwent a second OGTT, 2 h after an oral dose of ferrous sulphate (120 mg of elemental iron) (post‐iron OGTT). Changes in disposition index, insulin secretion kinetics, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, insulin clearance and iron‐related parameters in serum were determined.ResultsCompared to baseline OGTT, the areas under the curve (AUC) for serum iron and transferrin saturation increased by 125% and 118%, respectively, in the post‐iron OGTT. The disposition index decreased by 20% (p = 0.009) and the AUC for glucose concentrations increased by 5.7% (p < 0.001) during the post‐iron OGTT. The insulin secretion rate was marginally lower during the first hour (−3.5%, p = 0.63), but became significantly higher during the second hour (22%, p = 0.005) of the post‐iron OGTT. Insulin resistance and insulin clearance rate were not affected by iron intake.ConclusionsThe decrease in disposition index and glucose tolerance observed after the oral dose of iron points to an acute iron‐induced impairment in pancreatic beta‐cell insulin secretory capacity.
Associations of muscle volume of individual human plantar intrinsic foot muscles with morphological profiles of the foot
Authors: Kusagawa Yuki , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Maeo Sumiaki , Sugiyama Takashi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman plantar intrinsic foot muscles consist of 10 muscles that originate and insert within the sole of the foot. It is known that the anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA) and muscle thickness of two plantar intrinsic foot muscles, the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) and abductor hallucis (ABH), associate with morphological parameters of the foot, such as total and truncated foot length and navicular height. However, it is unclear how the size for each of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles associates with various morphological profiles of the foot. This study aimed to elucidate this subject. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serial images of the right foot were obtained in 13 young adult men without foot deformities. From the obtained MR images, ACSA for each of the individual plantar intrinsic foot muscles was analyzed along the foot length, and then its muscle volume (MV) was calculated. The analyzed muscles were the abductor digiti minimi (ABDM), ABH, adductor hallucis oblique head (ADDH‐OH), adductor hallucis transverse head (ADDH‐TH), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), FHB, and quadratus plantae (QP). Furthermore, MV of the whole plantar intrinsic foot muscle (WHOLE) was defined as the total MVs of all the analyzed muscles. As morphological parameters, total foot length, truncated foot length, forefoot width, ball circumference, instep circumference, navicular height, great toe eversion angle, and little toe inversion angle were measured using a laser three‐dimensional foot scanner in standing and sitting conditions. In addition, navicular drop (ND) and normalized truncated navicular height (NTNH) were also calculated as medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height indices. The MV of WHOLE was significantly associated with the forefoot width, ball circumference, and instep circumference (r = 0.647–0.711, p = 0.006–0.013). Positive correlations were found between the forefoot width and MV of FHB, FDB, and QP (r = 0.564–0.653, p = 0.015–0.045), between the ball circumference and MV of QP (r = 0.559, p = 0.047), between the instep circumference and MV of FHB (r = 0.609, p = 0.027), and between the little toe inversion angle and MV of QP (r = 0.570, p = 0.042). The MVs of ABH, ABDM, and ADDH‐OH were not significantly correlated with any morphological parameters of the foot. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between MV of each muscle and either of the MLA height indices (ND and NTNH). Thus, the current results indicate that forefoot width and circumferential parameters (instep and ball circumference), not MLA height, associate with the size of the whole plantar intrinsic foot muscles, especially those specialized in toe flexion (FHB, FDB, and QP).
Risk pooling and solvency regulation: A policyholder's perspective
Authors: Huggenberger Markus , Albrecht Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the benefits of risk pooling for the policyholders of stock insurance companies under different solvency standards. Using second‐degree stochastic dominance, we document that the utility of risk‐averse policyholders is increasing in the pool size if the equity capital is proportional to the premiums written. To the contrary, an increase in the pool size can reduce the policyholders' utility if the equity capital is determined using the Value‐at‐Risk (VaR). We show that pooling with a larger number of risks is also beneficial for all risk‐averse policyholders under a VaR‐based regulation if the pool satisfies an excess tail risk restriction. Our analysis provides new insights for the design of solvency standards and reveals a potential disadvantage of risk‐based capital requirements for policyholders.
Assessment of neurological sequelae and new‐onset symptoms in the long‐term follow‐up of paediatric Guillain–Barre syndrome: A longitudinal study from India
Authors: Sugumar Kiruthiga , Chidambaram Aakash C , Gunasekaran Dhandapany 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGuillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is the commonest cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. There is a paucity of studies that assess the long‐term outcome of paediatric GBS.AimTo assess the frequency of neurological sequelae and the new‐onset symptoms in the long‐term follow‐up of paediatric GBS and to identify the risk factors associated with them.MethodsThis longitudinal study involved 78 children with GBS treated between January 2015 and 2021. The parents of those children were contacted to visit the hospital for a detailed neurological examination and to look for new‐onset symptoms after the initial treatment for GBS.ResultsOf the 78 children, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor‐sensory axonal neuropathy variants were observed in 30 (38.5%), 27 (34.6%) and 11 (14.1%) children, respectively. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) duration of follow‐up was 3 (2, 4.5) years. The median (IQR) time to independent ambulation was 30 (13.5, 105) days. The neurological sequelae were found in 22 (28.2%) children. GBS disability score at admission (odds ratio (OR) = 4.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–19.8;P = 0.04) and axonal variant of GBS (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5–20.8;P = 0.04) were found to be independent predictors of neurologic sequelae. A total of 28 children experienced new‐onset symptoms after GBS, with frequent falls while running and fatigue being the predominant symptoms. Those children with demyelinating variant achieved independent ambulation earlier than the axonal group on survival analysis (log‐rankPvalue = 0.04).ConclusionThe presence of neurological sequelae and new‐onset symptoms were found in 28.2 and 35% of the GBS children, respectively. High GBS disability score at admission and axonal variant of GBS were independent predictors of neurological sequelae. Knowledge about these would help in devising a plan for rehabilitation.
Geographical indications in India: A case of Handicraft industry in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chaudhary Meghna , Agarwal Bhawna , Bhatia Meena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Handicraft industry plays a significant and pivotal role in the country's economy. It employs a significant number of artisans in rural and semiurban areas and generates significant foreign exchange for the country, all while preserving the cultural heritage. In the Indian context, geographical indication (GI) has recently emerged as a substantial form of intellectual property rights. It is a powerful instrument for safeguarding and rewarding not only the commercial potential of exclusive products but also the traditional knowledge that accompanies them. GI has the potential to revitalize the handicraft sector, but if it is merely seen as intellectual property, the industry's interests are jeopardized. Handicraft products account for over 55% of all GI‐registered products in India, followed by agricultural products (31%). The predicament of the Artisans has deteriorated over time. One of several main reasons for the deterioration of Uttar Pradesh's handicraft industry is that artisans in the region still do not fully understand GI. The present study gives an overview of the current status of registered GIs in Uttar Pradesh. More importantly, this will also highlight the major challenges of GI implementation in the traditional handicraft sector in Uttar Pradesh.
Phenotypic matching by spot pattern potentially mediates female giraffe social associations
Authors: Morandi K. , Lindholm A. K. , Lee D. E. , Bond M. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal color pattern is a phenotypic trait that may mediate assortative mixing (also known as homophily), whereby similar looking individuals have stronger social associations. Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) coat spot patterns show high variation and some spot traits appear to be heritable. Giraffes also have high visual acuity, which may facilitate intraspecific communication and recognition based on spot patterns. Giraffe groupings are dynamic, merging and splitting throughout the day, but females form long‐term associations. We predicted that adult female giraffes show stronger associations with other females that have similar spot pattern traits. We quantified the spot pattern characteristics of 399 adult female Masai giraffes and determined the pattern similarity among pairs (dyads) in their social network. We then tested for an association between coat pattern similarity (spot size, shape, and orientation) and dyadic association strength, and quantified assortative mixing. The strength of social associations was positively correlated with similarity in spot shape. Our results are compatible with assortativity by coat patterns that are similar between mother and offspring, potentially reflecting an effect of relatedness on both pattern similarity and female social associations. These results offer evidence that spot pattern could function as a visual cue for intraspecific communication and kin or individual recognition in a fission‐fusion species.
Dynamic changes of bacteria communities in Moutai-flavour Daqu during storage analysed by next generation sequencing
Authors: Xi X. , Yang F. , Chen L. , Lu J. , Wang L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The quality of Moutai-flavour Baijiu is highly dependent on Moutai-flavour Daqu (MTDQ), which needs to be stored for 6 months before using. It brings abundant bacterium, which can metabolize various enzymes and favour compounds. But the reasonable storage time of MTDQ prepared in different seasons is still uncertain. To this end, the study revealed a detailed bacterial profile of storage MTDQ prepared in three different seasons (specifically, they were stored start from spring, summer and autumn) by using high-throughput sequencing approach (next generation sequencing). Results showed that major phyla of storage MTDQ were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. The advantages of Firmicutes were Thermoactinomyces and Bacillaceae. Significant differences in bacterial community structures of MTDQ from different seasons and storage time were observed. Compared with summer and autumn MTDQ, the decrease of Thermoactinomyces and increase of Desmospora in spring MTDQ were the main differences and bacterial community structures of summer and autumn MTDQ were more similar. The variation trends of the bacteria community indicated that the effective time of storage period was appropriately 6 months for spring MTDQ, 2 months for summer MTDQ and more than 6 months for autumn MTDQ. These results showed that the length of storage time was associated with the season and it is reasonable to adjust the storage time of MTDQ with the season.
Biodeterioration of low-density polyethylene by mangrove-associated endolichenic fungi and their enzymatic regimes
Authors: Perera T.W.N.K. , Weerasinghe W.R.H. , Attanayake R.N. , Paranagama P.A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFungal involvement in the biodeterioration of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has received great attention in recent years. Among diverse groups of fungi, endolichenic fungi (ELF) are adapted to thrive in resource-limited conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of mangrove-associated ELF, in the biodeterioration of LDPE and to quantify key-depolymerizing enzymes. A total of 31 ELF species, isolated from 22 lichens of mangrove ecosystems in Negombo lagoon, Sri Lanka were identified using DNA barcoding techniques. ELF were inoculated into a mineral salt medium, containing LDPE strips and incubated at 28 ± 2°C, for 21 days, under laboratory conditions. After incubation, biodeterioration was monitored based on percent reductions in weights and tensile properties, increments in the degree of water absorption, changes in peaks of infrared spectra and surface erosions using scanning electron microscopy. Out of 31 species, Chaetomium globosum, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Neofusicoccum occulatum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Schizophyllum commune and Xylaria feejeensis showed significant changes. Production of depolymerizing enzymes by these species was assayed qualitatively using plate-based methods and quantitatively by mass-level enzyme production. Among them, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the highest enzyme activities as (9·69 ± 0·04) × 10−3, (1·96 ± 0·01) × 10−3, (5·73 ± 0·03) × 10−3, (0·88 ± 0·01), (0·64 ± 0·06), (1·43 ± 0·01) U ml−1 for laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, amylase, lipase and esterase, respectively.
The associations between women's empowerment measures, child growth and dietary diversity: Findings from an analysis of demographic and health surveys of seven countries in Eastern Africa
Authors: Komakech Joel J. , Walters Christine N. , Rakotomanana Hasina , Hildebrand Deana A. , Stoecker Barbara J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidence on the efficacy of women's empowerment to improve child growth and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) in the Eastern Africa (EA) region is limited. This cross‐sectional study used recent Demographic and Health Survey data of mother–child dyads from seven countries in EA to examine the associations between women's empowerment measures, child growth and MDD. Length‐for‐age z‐scores, weight‐for‐length z‐scores and weight‐for‐age z‐scores were used to categorize growth indicators of 6–23 months old children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant associations. Among all countries, 32%–59% of children experienced growth failure. Children meeting MDD were 18%–45%. Women having self‐esteem were associated with lower odds of stunting (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.62 in Rwanda), wasting (AOR = 0.38 in Uganda), underweight (AORs = 0.60 and 0.57 in Tanzania and Uganda, respectively) and growth failure (AOR = 0.64 in Rwanda). Having health decision control in Burundi was associated with lower odds of stunting (AOR = 0.49) and child growth failure (AOR = 0.52) and higher odds of meeting MDD (AOR = 2.50). Having Legal empowerment among women increased the odds of stunting (AOR = 1.79 in Burundi), underweight (AOR = 1.77 in Uganda) and growth failure (AOR = 1.87 in Burundi). Economic empowerment showed mixed associations with child growth and MDD among some countries. Women's self‐esteem and health decision control were associated with better child growth and MDD for some countries in EA. Nutrition‐sensitive interventions aimed at improving child growth and MDD should consider local contexts when addressing women's empowerment.
China's corporate credit reporting system: A comparison with the United States and Germany
Authors: Krause Theresa , Chen Mo , Wassermann Lena , Fischer Doris , Grossklags Jens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCorporate credit reporting (CCR), which aims at increasing trust in corporates, constitutes an intriguing, yet understudied set of regulatory institutions as it is both a regulatory object and subject at the same time. Differences in national CCR systems pose challenges for multinational companies and have increasingly become a subject of international conflicts on regulatory standards. In this context, the case of China deserves special attention since the country pursues both institutional divergence and convergence with international examples. Hence, the characterization of China's regulatory regime remains difficult. By comparing the institutional context of CCR in China to those in the United States and Germany, this paper sheds light on a specific aspect of China's complex regulatory regime. At the same time, it provides insights into the Chinese manifestation of CCR, which are important for the international business community.
Three‐dimensional bounding surface architecture and lateral facies heterogeneity of a wet aeolian system: Entrada Sandstone, Utah
Authors: Gross Evan C. , Carr Mary , Jobe Zane R. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAeolian deposits form noteworthy reservoirs (for example, Norphlet Formation and Rotliegend Group) in hydrocarbon extraction and carbon capture and storage contexts, but stratigraphic architecture imparts significant heterogeneity. Bounding surfaces result from autogenic and allogenic controls and can represent important changes in dune‐field dynamics. To further evaluate the impacts of facies heterogeneity and flow‐inhibiting bounding surfaces on reservoir performance and reconstruct ancient erg evolution, the stratigraphic architecture of aeolian systems must continue to be studied at multiple scales. This study pairs traditional methods (for example, measured stratigraphic sections) with advanced technologies (for example, drone‐derived outcrop models) to precisely resolve the metre to kilometre‐scale three‐dimensional stratigraphic architecture of wet aeolian Middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone outcrops located at Rone Bailey Mesa near Moab, Utah, USA. Five facies are identified, primarily based on sedimentary fabrics, and are grouped into three associations named dune, sabkha and sand sheet. Statistical analyses of gamma‐ray spectrometer and automated mineralogy data indicate a distinct mineralogical difference between dune (quartz‐rich) and sabkha (more feldspathic) packages, suggesting that gamma‐ray logs may be used to better predict facies distribution in the subsurface. Seven modelled super bounding surfaces are planar to undulatory, with no perceived spatial trends. Five modelled interdune migration surfaces are undulatory but exhibit an average 0.09° angle of climb roughly parallel to the palaeocurrent direction. Two modelled superposition surfaces are linear to sinuous in plan‐view. Laterally discontinuous sabkha packages observed are interpreted to be remnants of closed, damp, interdune flats located between ca 8.5 to 17.0 m tall, sinuous, transverse bedforms or patches of such bedforms. Based on stratigraphic architecture interpretations, the Entrada Sandstone preserves signals of allogenic forcing and localized autogenic bedform cannibalization of the substrate. The findings of this study, some of which are not commonly recognized in wet aeolian facies models, enhance the understanding of erg evolution and can parameterize static models of aeolian reservoirs.
Explaining the diffusion of radical ideas
Authors: Hsiao Yuan , Pfaff Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGrowing interest in the diffusion of radicalism reflects concern with political discontent and widening social inequality. It also reflects the profoundly different forms of communication emerging from the new digital media environment that are recasting radical politics. Sociology has important and longstanding insights into the incubation of radical ideas and the inception of radical movements. Drawing on general network models, particularly threshold network diffusion models, we argue for a compelling perspective on the diffusion of radicalism that is emerging in contemporary sociology. Studying the spread of radical ideas contributes to the development of the diffusion literature by underscoring the limitations of static and singular network explanations—explanations that examine one network and one direction of influence at time. We contend that scholars should distinguish between the limited diffusion of radical ideas and the widespread diffusion of radical ideas. To explain the latter, network theories should integrate frameworks of multiplex networks and network ecosystems, as illustrated by research on the rise of radical right‐wing political rhetoric. We consider how sociology might inform strategies for containing radicalism before drawing conclusions about future conceptual and methodological directions in research on radicalism.