bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between 5 Epigenetic Clocks, Telomere Length, and Functional Capacity Assessed in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses
Authors: Vetter Valentin M , Kalies Christian H , Sommerer Yasmine , Spira Dominik , Drewelies Johanna , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Bertram Lars , Gerstorf Denis , Demuth Ilja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA methylation age acceleration (DNAmAA, derived from an epigenetic clock) and relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) are widely accepted biomarkers of aging. Nevertheless, it is still unclear which aspects of aging they represent best. Here we evaluated longitudinal associations between baseline rLTL and DNAmAA (estimated with 7-CpG clock) and functional assessments covering different domains of aging. Additionally, we made use of cross-sectional data on these assessments and examined their association with DNAmAA estimated by 5 different DNAm age measures. Two-wave longitudinal data were available for 1 083 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II who were reexamined on average 7.4 years after baseline as part of the GendAge study. Functional outcomes were assessed with Fried’s frailty score, Tinetti mobility test, falls in the past 12 months (yes/no), finger-floor distance, Mini-Mental State Examination, Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale, activities of daily living, instrumented ADL, and mini nutritional assessment. Overall, we found no evidence for an association between the molecular biomarkers measured at baseline, rLTL, and DNAmAA (7-CpG clock), and functional assessments assessed at follow-up. Similarly, a cross-sectional analysis of follow-up data did also not show evidence for associations of the various DNAmAA measures (7-CpG clock, Horvath’s clock, Hannum’s clock PhenoAge, and GrimAge) with functional assessments. In conclusion, neither rLTL nor 7-CpG DNAmAA was able to predict impairment in the analyzed assessments over a ~7-year time course. Similarly, DNAmAA estimated from 5 epigenetic clocks was not a good cross-sectional marker of health deterioration either.
Trajectories of Frailty With Aging: Coordinated Analysis of Five Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Jenkins Natalie D , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Armstrong Joshua J , Lewis Nathan A , Ranson Janice M , Rijnhart Judith J M , Ahmed Tamer , Ghachem Ahmed , Mullin Donncha S , Ntanasi Eva , Welstead Miles , Auais Mohammad , Bennett David A , Bandinelli Stefania , Cesari Matteo , Ferrucci Luigi , French Simon D , Huisman Martijn , Llewellyn David J , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Piccinin Andrea M , Hofer Scott M , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There is an urgent need to better understand frailty and its predisposing factors. Although numerous cross-sectional studies have identified various risk and protective factors of frailty, there is a limited understanding of longitudinal frailty progression. Furthermore, discrepancies in the methodologies of these studies hamper comparability of results. Here, we use a coordinated analytical approach in 5 independent cohorts to evaluate longitudinal trajectories of frailty and the effect of 3 previously identified critical risk factors: sex, age, and education.

Research Design and Methods
We derived a frailty index (FI) for 5 cohorts based on the accumulation of deficits approach. Four linear and quadratic growth curve models were fit in each cohort independently. Models were adjusted for sex/gender, age, years of education, and a sex/gender-by-age interaction term.

Results
Models describing linear progression of frailty best fit the data. Annual increases in FI ranged from 0.002 in the Invecchiare in Chianti cohort to 0.009 in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Women had consistently higher levels of frailty than men in all cohorts, ranging from an increase in the mean FI in women from 0.014 in the Health and Retirement Study cohort to 0.046 in the LASA cohort. However, the associations between sex/gender and rate of frailty progression were mixed. There was significant heterogeneity in within-person trajectories of frailty about the mean curves.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings of linear longitudinal increases in frailty highlight important avenues for future research. Specifically, we encourage further research to identify potential effect modifiers or groups that would benefit from targeted or personalized interventions.
Resisting Tiny Heroes: Kant on the Mechanism and Scope of Imaginative Resistance
Authors: Lambeth Morganna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditionally, theorists suggested that imaginative resistance (e.g., when a reader does not imagine what a literary work entreats her to imagine) is limited to morally repugnant claims. More recently, theorists have argued that the phenomenon of imaginative resistance is wider in scope, extending to descriptive claims (e.g., those that are conceptually contradictory). On both sides, though, theorists have focused on cases where imaginative resistance goes right, tracking something that is wrong with the story—that it is morally repugnant, or conceptually contradictory. I use a rarely cited discussion from Kant to argue that imaginative resistance can also occur when something goes wrong with the reader—namely, when a reader imports their own biases into the story, and resists a descriptive claim as a result. In identifying this new class of claims that can meet imaginative resistance, Kant presses the question: when should we cultivate imaginative resistance and when should we fight it?
Generating real-world data from health records: design of a patient-centric study in multiple sclerosis using a commercial health records platform
Authors: Hanson Gillian , Chitnis Tanuja , Williams Mitzi J , Gan Ryan William , Julian Laura , Mace Kieran , Chia Jenny , Wormser David , Martinec Michael , Astorino Troy , Leviner Noga , Maung Pye , Jan Asif , Belendiuk Katherine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The FlywheelMS study will explore the use of a real-world health record data set generated by PicnicHealth, a patient-centric health records platform, to improve understanding of disease course and patterns of care for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials and Methods
The FlywheelMS study aims to enroll 5000 adults with MS in the United States to create a large, deidentified, longitudinal data set for clinical research. PicnicHealth obtains health records, including paper charts, electronic health records, and radiology imaging files from any healthcare site. Using a large-scale health record processing pipeline, PicnicHealth abstracts standard and condition-specific data elements from structured (eg, laboratory test results) and unstructured (eg, narrative) text and maps these to standardized medical vocabularies. Researchers can use the resulting data set to answer empirical questions and study participants can access and share their harmonized health records using PicnicHealth’s web application.

Results
As of November 24, 2020, more than 4176 participants from 49 of 50 US states have enrolled in the FlywheelMS study. A median of 200 pages of records have been collected from 14 different doctors over 8 years per participant. Abstraction precision, established through inter-abstractor agreement, is as high as 97.8% when identifying and mapping data elements to a standard ontology.

Conclusion
Using a commercial health records platform, the FlywheelMS study is generating a real-world, multimodal data set that could provide valuable insights about patients with MS. This approach to data collection and abstraction is disease-agnostic and could be used to address other clinical research questions in the future.
Activity patterns and behavior of Myocastor coypus in a gated community in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Salas Magdalena , Hernandez-Hernandez Julio C , Iglesias Martín , Corriale María J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Anthropization processes confront local wildlife with a new set of conditions that may lead to local extinctions or allow the expansion of some species. This is what happens with the coypu (Myocastor coypus) in gated communities in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (Argentina), where its rapid population growth results in continuous conflicts with the local inhabitants. The aim of this study was to document the daily and seasonal activity patterns and behavior of the coypu in an urban landscape within their natural distribution range. To achieve this, we conducted a camera-trap survey within areas occupied by the species from February to November 2018. The coypu activity was mainly crepuscular and nocturnal with variations between seasons. We found that the seasons with the greatest activity patterns overlap were winter and autumn (84%), while the least overlap was observed between summer and winter (53%). During the active periods, time spent on foraging behavior was dominant. Time dedicated to vigilance was greater in summer than in winter. This result, alongside an increase in nocturnal activity during summer, shows that coypu in this urban landscape shift its behavior when exposed to an increasing human activity. This study brings up more ecological data of this species, which is key to find alternative control methods within gated communities to lead to a harmonic relationship between inhabitants and the species in its native distribution.
Severe Trauma Patients Requiring Undelayable Combined Cranial and Extra-Cranial Surgery: A Proof-of-Concept Monocentric Study
Authors: Beucler Nathan , Sellier Aurore , Joubert Christophe , Bernard Cédric , Desse Nicolas , Esnault Pierre , Dagain Arnaud 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To date, there is no evidence concerning the emergency surgical management of severe trauma patients (STP) with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) presenting a life-threatening intracranial hematoma and a concomitant extra-cranial noncompressible active bleeding. Current guidelines recommend stopping the extra-cranial bleeding first. Nevertheless, the long-term outcome of STP with STBI mainly depends from intracranial lesions. Thus, we propose a combined damage-control surgical strategy aiming to reduce the time spent with intracranial hypertension and to hasten the admission in the intensive care unit. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the benefits of combined cranial and extra-cranial surgery of STP on the long-term outcome.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively searched through the database of STBI of a level 1 trauma center facility (Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France) from 2007 until 2021 looking for patients who benefited from combined cranial and extra-cranial surgery in an acute setting.

Results
The research yielded 8 patients. The mean age was 35 years old (±14) and the male to female sex ratio was 1.7/1. The trauma mechanism was a fall in 50% of the cases and a traffic accident in 50% of the cases. The median Glasgow coma scale score was 8 (IQR 4) before intubation. The median Injury Severity Score was 41 (IQR 16). Seven patients (88%) presented hypovolemic shock upon admission. Six patients (75%) benefited from damage-control laparotomy among, whom 4 (67%) underwent hemostatic splenectomy. One patient benefited from drainage of tension pneumothorax, and one patient benefited from external fixator of multiple limb fractures. Seven patients (88%) benefited from decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural hematoma (5 patients) or major brain contusion (2 patients). One patient (12%) benefited from craniotomy for epidural hematoma. Three patients presented intraoperative profound hypovolemic shock. Six patients (75%) presented a favorable neurologic outcome with minor complications from extra-cranial surgeries and 2 patients died (25%).

Conclusion
Performing combined life-saving cranial and extra-cranial surgery is feasible and safe as long as the trauma teams are trained according to the principles of damage control. It may be beneficial for the neurologic prognostic of STP with STBI requiring cranial and extra-cranial surgery.
The center-to-limb variation of non-thermal velocities using IRIS Si IV
Authors: Rao Yamini K , Del Zanna Giulio , Mason Helen E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the non-thermal velocities in the quiet-sun using various high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We focus our analysis on the transition region using the optically thin line (Si iv 1393.7 Å), and select line profiles that are nearly Gaussian. We find evidence of a centre-to-limb variation using different observations having different exposure times, ranging from 5-30 s. The distribution of non-thermal velocities close to the limb are observed to peak around 20 km s−1 while the disc observations show a peak around 15 km s−1. The distributions are also different. The overall variation in the non-thermal velocities are correlated with the intensity of the line, as found previously. The on-disc velocities are smaller than most previous observations. In general, we find that the non-thermal velocities are independent of the selected exposure times. The Si iv lines didn’t seem to exhibit any significant opacity effects. We conclude that these Doppler motions are mostly transverse to the radial direction. The possibility of swaying/torsional motions leading to such variations are validated from these IRIS observations.
The obesity paradox in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yiding , Li Chenhan , Wu Guiling , Yang Wanli , Wang Xiaoqian , Duan Lili , Niu Liaoran , Chen Junfeng , Zhang Yujie , Zhou Wei , Liu Jinqiang , Hong Liu , Fan Daiming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Obesity is widely regarded as an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, recent studies have shown that lower mortality and better cancer-specific survival were observed in CRC patients with elevated body mass index (BMI), an example of the obesity paradox, which is the inverse correlation between obesity and mortality in some populations.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between BMI and CRC outcomes.

Data Sources
PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published from inception to December 31, 2020.

Study Selection
Studies comparing the prognosis of CRC patients with obesity or overweight with that of normal-weight CRC patients were eligible.

Data Extraction
Data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently; differences were resolved by a third reviewer. BMI was classified according to WHO categories.

Data Analysis
To assess the prognostic effects of different BMI categories in CRC patients, hazard ratios and 95%CIs of overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were extracted from included articles.

Results
Sixteen studies (55 391 patients in total) were included. Higher BMI was significantly associated with more favorable CRC outcomes. Compared with normal-weight patients, underweight patients had worse overall survival (HR = 1.26; 95%CI, 1.15–1.37) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.19; 95%CI, 1.11–1.27, while patients with overweight had better overall survival (HR = 0.92; 95%CI, 0.86–0.99), disease-free survival (HR = 0.96; 95%CI, 0.93–1.00), and cancer-specific survival (HR = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.76–0.98). Patients with morbid obesity had worse overall survival (HR = 1.12; 95%CI, 1.02–1.22) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.15; 95%CI, 1.07–1.24) than normal-weight patients. There was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival between patients with obesity (HR = 0.94; 95%CI, 0.76–1.16) and patients with normal weight, nor between patients with underweight and patients with normal weight (HR = 1.14; 95%CI, 0.82–1.58).

Conclusions
CRC patients with a higher BMI appear to have reduced mortality compared with normal-weight CRC patients, even though higher BMI/obesity is an established determinant for the development of CRC.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020202320.
Regulation, Asset Complexity, and the Informativeness of Credit Ratings
Authors: Jankowitsch Rainer , Ottonello Giorgio , Subrahmanyam Marti G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We show that the effect of regulation on credit rating informativeness depends on asset complexity. Using the Dodd-Frank Act as a shock to the rating industry, we analyze the impact of rating changes on market prices, conditioning on various measures of complexity. Rating informativeness improves after Dodd-Frank, but not for assets with high complexity. Our results are robust to alternative measures of informativeness and provide strong evidence that the impact of regulation varies in the cross-section of securities. Our findings are consistent with models combining rating shopping with rating agencies that strategically decide on information acquisition and rating inflation. (JEL, G12, G32)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Effects of water quality on growth performance and health of nursery pigs
Authors: Lozinski Brigit M , Frederick Brent , Li Yuzhi , Saqui-Salces Milena , Shurson Gerald C , Urriola Pedro E , Wilson Melissa L , Johnston Lee J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of providing drinking water of differing qualities on growth performance and health of nursery pigs. Weanling pigs (n = 450; 150 pigs/group; 10 pigs/pen) were assigned randomly to one of three experimental groups consisting of three water sources of varying qualities: 1) Water source A containing 1,410 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 1,120 ppm sulfates, and 1,500 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS); 2) Water source B containing 909 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 617 ppm sulfates, and 1,050 ppm TDS; and 3) Water source C containing 235 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 2 ppm sulfates, and 348 ppm TDS. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to their respective water sources for the duration of the study which began at weaning (21 d of age) and ended 40 d later (61 d of age). Individual pig weights were recorded weekly along with feed intake on a pen basis. Occurrences of morbidity and mortality were recorded daily. Subjective fecal scores were assigned on a pen basis and blood samples were used to evaluate blood chemistry, cytokine concentrations, and phagocytic activity. A differential sugar absorption test was used to assess intestinal permeability. Fecal grab samples were used to establish diet digestibility, and drinking behavior was video-recorded to assess pigs’ acceptance of water sources provided. The statistical model considered fixed effects of water source, room, and their interaction with the random effect of pen. A repeated measures analysis was conducted to determine the effects of water quality over time. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.440) among water sources in average daily gain (A, 0.46 kg/d; B, 0.46 kg/d; C, 0.47 kg/d) or average daily feed intake (A, 0.68 kg/d; B, 0.69 kg/d; C, 0.71 kg/d). Overall mortality of pigs was 0.44% and did not differ across the three water sources. There were no differences in apparent total tract digestibility of the diet, intestinal permeability, immune parameters, or blood chemistry attributable to quality of water consumed by pigs. Pigs did not show an aversion to the water sources provided, because total time pigs spent at the drinker did not differ (P &gt; 0.750) among water sources on days 1 through 3 of the experiment. These data indicate that the water sources of differing quality studied did not affect growth performance or health of nursery pigs.
Remarks on the principles of statistical fluid mechanics
Authors: Ohkitani Koji 
Published: January 2022

This is an idiosyncratic survey of statistical fluid mechanics centering on the Hopf functional differential equation. Using the Burgers equation for illustration, we review several functional integration approaches to the theory of turbulence. We note in particular that some important contributions have been brought about by researchers working on wave propagation in random media, among which Uriel Frisch is not an exception. We also discuss a particular finite-dimensional approximation for the Burgers equation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘’Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 1)’.
Laws of turbulence decay from direct numerical simulations
Authors: Panickacheril John John , Donzis Diego A. , Sreenivasan Katepalli R. 
Published: January 2022

Inspection of available data on the decay exponent for the kinetic energy of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) shows that it varies by as much as 100%. Measurements and simulations often show no correspondence with theoretical arguments, which are themselves varied. This situation is unsatisfactory given that HIT is a building block of turbulence theory and modelling. We take recourse to a large base of direct numerical simulations and study decaying HIT for a variety of initial conditions. We show that the Kolmogorov decay exponent and the Birkhoff–Saffman decay are both observed, albeit approximately, for long periods of time if the initial conditions are appropriately arranged. We also present, for both cases, other turbulent statistics such as the velocity derivative skewness, energy spectra and dissipation, and show that the decay and growth laws are approximately as expected theoretically, though the wavenumber spectrum near the origin begins to change relatively quickly, suggesting that the invariants do not strictly exist. We comment briefly on why the decay exponent has varied so widely in past experiments and simulations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 1)’.
Hidden scale invariance in Navier–Stokes intermittency
Authors: Mailybaev Alexei A. , Thalabard Simon 
Published: January 2022

We expose a hidden scaling symmetry of the Navier–Stokes equations in the limit of vanishing viscosity, which stems from dynamical space–time rescaling around suitably defined Lagrangian scaling centres. At a dynamical level, the hidden symmetry projects solutions which differ up to Galilean invariance and global temporal scaling onto the same representative flow. At a statistical level, this projection repairs the scale invariance, which is broken by intermittency in the original formulation. Following previous work by the first author, we here postulate and substantiate with numerics that hidden symmetry statistically holds in the inertial interval of fully developed turbulence. We show that this symmetry accounts for the scale-invariance of a certain class of observables, in particular, the Kolmogorov multipliers.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 1)’.
Editorial: Scaling the Turbulence Edifice
Authors: Bec Jérémie , Krstulovic Giorgio , Matsumoto Takeshi , Ray Samriddhi Sankar , Vincenzi Dario 
Published: January 2022

Turbulence is unique in its appeal across physics, mathematics and engineering. And yet a microscopic theory, starting from the basic equations of hydrodynamics, still eludes us. In the last decade or so, new directions at the interface of physics and mathematics have emerged, which strengthens the hope of ‘solving’ one of the oldest problems in the natural sciences. This two-part theme issue unites these new directions on a common platform emphasizing the underlying complementarity of the physicists’ and the mathematicians’ approaches to a remarkably challenging problem.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 1)’.