bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Tau Expression Attenuates Neurodegeneration Associated With α-Synucleinopathy
Authors: Vermilyea Scott C. , Christensen Anne , Meints Joyce , Singh Balvindar , Martell-Martínez Héctor , Karim Md. Razaul , Lee Michael K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration linked to α-synuclein (αS) pathology is thought to be responsible for the progressive nature of Parkinson’s Disease and related Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Studies indicate to bidirectional pathological relationships between αS pathology and tau abnormalities. We recently showed that A53T mutant human αS (HuαS) can cause post-synaptic and cognitive deficits that require microtubule-associated protein tau expression. However, the role of tau in development of αS pathology and subsequent neuronal dysfunction has been controversial. Herein, we set to determine the role of tau in the onset and progression of αS pathology (α-synucleinopathy) using a transgenic mouse model of α-synucleinopathy lacking mouse tau expression. Methods: Transgenic mice expressing A53T mutant HuαS (TgA53T) were crossed with mTau-/- mice to generate TgA53T/mTau-/-. To achieve uniform induction of α-synucleinopathy in mice, we used intramuscular injections of αS preformed fibrils (PFF) to non-transgenic (nTg), TgA53T, TgA53T/mTau-/-, and mTau-/- mice. Motor behavior was analyzed at 70 days post inoculation (dpi) of PFF and tissues for biochemical and neuropathological analysis were collected at 40 dpi, 70 dpi, and end stage. Results: Loss of tau expression significantly delayed onset of motor deficits in the TgA53T model and delayed α-synucleinopathy disease progression, as evidenced by a significant reduction in histopathological and behavioral markers of neurodegeneration and disease, and a significant improvement in survival. In vitro application of PFF to primary mouse hippocampal neurons demonstrated no changes in PFF uptake and processing or pS129 αS aggregation as a function of tau expression. However, PFF-induced neurotoxicity, including morphological deficits in nTg neurons, were prevented with tau removal. Conclusions: Collectively, our data suggest that tau is likely acting downstream of αS pathology to affect neuronal homeostasis and survival. This work further supports the investigation of tau in α-synucleinopathies to identify novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
Categorization of Green and Grey Infrastructure Complexity in the Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru, India; an unsupervised volumetric approach with relevance for urban quality
Authors: Nölke Nils , Fehrmann Lutz , Plieninger Tobias , Kleinn Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Trees are key elements of urban green infrastructure and provide multiple ecosystem services that are essential for the quality of life of people in an urban environment. Grey infrastructure is made up of buildings or built-up area, generally characterized by imperviousness of the surface. The complexity of urban green and grey infrastructure and their interactions co-define the quality of urban life and the ecological value. Using conventional dichotomies by separation into „urban“ and „rural“ contexts does hardly allow to comprehensively assess the situation in rapidly and often chaotically urbanizing environments of the Global South. We present an unsupervised remote sensing-based approach integrating 3D information as an approach to objectively categorize the complexity of green and grey infrastructure. For our study area in Bengaluru, India, we distinguished five categories describing composition and configuration of the green and grey infrastructure, where three variables served as indicators for categorization into five cluster. We argue that such integrated 3D assessment of green and grey infrastructure is particularly useful for understanding and classifying “rurban” environments, where a distinction between urban and rural is often no longer possible The final map allows to quantitatively characterize rurban configurations.
Historical assessment approach of the evolution of the toxic trace element contents, transformation, distribution and redistributions, environmental risk levels and stability of Jbel Ressas tailings and agricultural soil (N-E Tunisia), to predict their management plan
Authors: Nassraoui Rawya , Romdhan Dalila Fkih , Charef Abdelkrim , Ayari Jamel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The jbel Ressas Pb-Zn mining wastes that had more than 600,000 m3 and their surrounding agricultural soil, that are in Northeastern Tunisia had ecological a high hazards. To suggest the wastes protection and soil remediation plan the evaluation of the historical evolution of their total and labile TTE contents, stability and distributions since their abundance (1952) and until today, which is not often possible, was a crucial step. The of Pb, Zn and Cd quantities in the initial wastes were 46640 t, 134780 t and 1150 t. the released Pb, Zn and Cd quantities in 2009 was 50% and in 2021 was 22.6%. The remained quantities are 15.6 t of Pb, 64.2 t de Zn and 0.4 t de Cd that presented a worrying environmental hazard. The pollutants speed migration was accelerated, particularly during the last 10 years. Thus, the risk of these pollutant sources is still high. Of the TTE that migrated from the tailings, only 6.1, 4.8, and 4.1% of Pb, Zn, and Cd, respectively were retained in soil. However, the soil potential ecological risk (Eri.) was high. From 1952 and until 2009 around 60% of the TTE tailings have been mobilized and from 2009 to 2021 around 6%. The estimation of the future evolution of redistributions and transformations of current TTE showed that the risk of Jbel Ressas residues is worrying. The whole-soil removal (Uts) and relative binding intensity index (IR) of the TEE in initial tailings sediments and soil ≈ 1 meaning that had any environemental risk. The Uts and IR evolution from 1952 and until today showed that the TTE stability and risk level increased with exposition time. Therefore, the overall historical assessment is of great interest in order to suggest solutions for polluted areas.
Nalbuphine Alleviates Inflammation by Down-regulating NF-κB in an Acute Inflammatory Visceral Pain Rat Model
Authors: Ruan Di-jiao , Wang Yuan-yuan , Li Si-si , Zhang Chao , Zheng Wen-wen , Yu Cong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Nalbuphine can relief patients’ inflammation response after surgery compared to other opioid drugs. However, its molecular mechanism has not been clear. Activation of NF-κB signaling pathway under oxidative stress and inflammation can maintain pain escalation. Methods: We firstly investigated the effect of nalbuphine on writhing test and mechanical allodynia using a rat model of inflammatory visceral pain (acetic acid (AA) administrated). Cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 in plasma were tested with ELISA technology. Expression levels of TNF-α, IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 at the spinal cord (L3-5) were measured by western blot or RT-qPCR. Results: We found that the values of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were reduced and numbers of writhes were increased in the rats of group model, up-regulated IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α in both plasma and spinal cord as well as increased protein of p-NF-κB p65 and mRNA of NF-κB p65 expression in spinal cord. Subcutaneously injection of nalbuphine (10 µg/kg) or PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) attenuated acetic acid-induced inflammatory pain, and this was associated with reversal of up-regulated IL-1β，IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α in both plasma and spinal cord. Furthermore, acetic acid increased p-NF-κB and TNF-α protein levels in the white matter of the spinal cord, which was attenuated by nalbuphine. These results suggest that nalbuphine can significantly ameliorate inflammatory pain via modulating the expression of NF-κB p65 as well as inflammation factors level in spinal cord.Conclusion: In conclusion, nalbuphine inhibits inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB pathway at spinal cord in a rat model of inflammatory visceral pain.
Validation of Sinhala Version of Brief COPE Scale in Patients with Cancer in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weeratunga Eranthi , Senadheera Chandanie , Hettiarachchi Manjula , Perera Bilesha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Coping strategies are essential in the cancer management/recovery process and play an integral role in patients with cancer globally. In Sri Lanka, validated scales to measure coping are scarce. This study examined the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE for its psychometric properties. Methods: This scale is self-administered (28 items) and consists of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies divided into 14 subscales. Cancer patients were registered on a ‘first come - first serve’ basis using their appointment register at the Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology ward, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. They were requested to complete the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE and demographic details. Test-retest reliability was checked using the same subjects two weeks later. Factorial validity was assessed using exploratory factor and principal component analysis. The results were regarded as statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the sample was 61 (±12) years. The mean adaptive coping (±SD) and maladaptive coping were 37.50 (±8.14) and 17.10 (±2.44), respectively. The internal consistency of the overall scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.819). Adaptive and maladaptive coping showed a high Cronbach’s alpha (0.861 and 0.396). The test-retest reliability was found to be 0.66. The Sinhala version of BC was found to have a negative correlation with the CES-D scale but was positively correlated with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Seven factors were extracted. Conclusion: The Sinhala version of the Brief COPE is a valid and reliable tool to assess coping strategies among patients with cancer. The findings of this study will allow health authorities to gain an understanding of coping strategies among patients with cancer and the impact on cancer victims and family members to relieve their suffering.
Identification of Crucial Circrnas in Skeletal Muscle During Chicken Embryonic Development
Authors: Zhang Genxi , Wu Pengfei , Zhou Kaizhi , Zhang Jin , Ling Xuanze , Zhang Xinchao , Zhang Li , Li Peifeng , Wei Qingyu , Zhang Tao , Wang Xinglong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Chicken provides humans with a large amount of animal protein every year, in which skeletal muscle plays a leading role. The embryonic skeletal muscle development determines the number of muscle fibers and will affect the muscle production of chickens. CircRNAs are involved in a variety of important biological processes, including muscle development. However, studies on circRNAs in the chicken embryo muscle development are still lacking. Results: In the study, we collected chicken leg muscles at 14 and 20-day embryonic ages both in the fast- and slow-growing groups for RNA-seq We identified 245 and 440 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in the comparison group F14vsF20 and S14vsS20 respectively. GO enrichment analysis for the host genes of DE circRNAs showed that biological process (BP) terms in the top 20 related to growth in F14vsF20 were found such as positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle, multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process, and multicellular organismal metabolic process. In group S14vsS20, we also found some BP terms associated with growth in the top 20 including actomyosin structure organization, actin cytoskeleton organization and myofibril assembly. A total of 7 significantly enriched pathways were obtained, containing Adherens junction and Tight junction. Further analysis of those pathways found three crucial host genes MYH9, YBX3, IGF1R in both fast- and slow-growing groups, three important host genes CTNNA3, AFDN and CREBBP only in the fast-growing group, and six host genes FGFR2, ACTN2, COL1A2, CDC42, DOCK1 and MYL3 only in the slow-growing group. In addition, circRNA-miRNA network also revealed some key regulation pairs such as novel_circ_0007646-miR-1625-5p, novel_circ_0007646-miR-1680-5p, novel_circ_0008913-miR-148b-5p, novel_circ_0008906-miR-148b-5p and novel_circ_0001640-miR-1759-3p. Conclusions: These findings would guide our next research and it would also lay a theoretical foundation for further improving the development mechanism of embryonic skeletal muscle.
Three-Dimensionally and Stackable C-Axis-Aligned Crystalline Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide Field-Effect Transistor with Gate Length of 6.8-nm
Authors: Kunitake Hitoshi , Tsuda Kazuki , Saito Satoru , Okuno Naoki , Takahashi Masahiro , Oota Masashi , Hamada Toshiki , Asami Yoshinobu , Sawai Hiromi , Kurata Motomu , Endo Toshiya , Sugaya Kentaro , Nakano Masaru , Hodo Ryota , Sasagawa Shinya , Ono Toshikazu , Murakawa Tsutomu , Wakuda Masahiro , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hardware is required to be further miniaturized aiming at advancement of the Internet of things and artificial intelligence. Widely used Si transistors, which have achieved miniaturization on the order of 10 nm, are apparently difficult to further miniaturize, and stacking techniques have been developed as a breakthrough. Our IGZO FETs have a gate length of 6.8 nm or less owing to the wide band gap of IGZO and an optimized transistor structure, and can be highly integrated by a contact formation technique.
Impact of Large-Scale Warming on Intraseasonal Variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Vishwakarma Sumit Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Indian summer monsoon, a part of the Asian summer monsoon is defined as the seasonal reversal of atmospheric circulation, is manifested in the form of northward migration of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with respect to its normal position over the equator and resulting precipitation caused by the cross-equatorial moisture-laden south-westerly winds over the Indian subcontinent. Indian summer monsoon which is a complex geophysical phenomenon possesses a wide spectrum of variabilities such as daily, intraseasonal, interannual, decadal, and so on. The interaction between multiple modes of propagating intraseasonal oscillations of the Indian summer monsoon causes intermittent wet spells (i.e. active spells with good rainfall) and dry spells (i.e. breaks with little rainfall) over core monsoon zone. It is argued that a prolonged dry spells during July-August and an uneven temporal and spatial distribution of rains (even in normal monsoon years) has potential to have an adverse effect on agriculture. Therefore, understanding of the intraseasonal variation and the occurrence of the breaks, their intensity, and duration is very important. Indian summer monsoon region is vulnerable to global warming which is evident in the form of an increasing number of extremes and the increasing spatial variability of rainfall. The main focus of the study is to understand the nature of the break and characteristics of the break over all India monsoon regions and how active and break will vary with warming? This study investigates the impacts of warming on the core monsoon zone and all India monsoon regions by using the output of the ‘Half a degree Additional warming Prognosis and Projected Impacts’ (HAPPI) experiment model. There are five AGCM models are used in this study such as NorESM1-HAPPI, ECHAM6.3-LR, CanAM4, MIROC5, and, CAM4-2degree. Both, inter-model and intra-model comparisons are performed based on indicators such as the frequency and length of active and break spells for the historical period, plus15 period, and plus20 period (future). Vertically Integrated Moisture Transport (VIMT) pertaining to active and break is also analysed. An increase in moisture transport in the future active period under 1.5°C warming condition (plus15 future) and under 2°C warming condition (plus20 future) is expected in NorESM1-HAPPI model with intensification of rainfall over the core monsoon zone. Similarly, there will be intensification of breaks, and the core monsoon zone will receive less atmospheric moisture in future breaks under 1.5°C warming condition (plus15 future) and under 2°C warming condition (plus20 future).
A Novel and Sensitive DNA Methylation Marker for the Urine-Based Liquid Biopsies to Detect Bladder Cancer
Authors: Deng Leihong , Chao Haichao , Deng Huanhuan , Yu Zhaojun , Zhao Rongsong , Huang Longwu , Gong Yun , Zhu Yueting , Wang Qingping , Li Feng , Liu Lirong , He Lei , Tang Zhimin , Liao Caizhi , Qi Yan , Wang Xianshu , Zeng Tao , Zou Hongzhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Better prognostic outcome is closely correlated with early detection of bladder cancer. Current nonvasive urianalysis relies on simultaneously testing multiple methylation markers to achieve relatively high accuracy. Therefore, we have developed an easy-to-use, convenient, and accurate single-target urine-based DNA methylation test for the malignancy.
Methods

By analyzing TCGA data, 366 candidate markers with 446 primer pairs and probe sets were synthesized and systematically screened in cancer cell lines, paired tissue specimens, and urine sediments from bladder cancer patients and normal controls. The identified marker was further validated in large case-control cohorts. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and c2 tests were performed to compare methylation levels between case-control groups and correlate methylation levels with demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, MSP, qMSP and RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure levels of DNA methylation, mRNA expression, and protein level in cancer cell lines and tissues.
Results

A top-performing DMRTA2 marker identified was tested in both training and validation sets, showing similar sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer detection. Overall sensitivity in the aggregate set was 82.9%(179/216). The specificity, from a control group consisting of patients with lithangiuria, prostatoplasia, and prostatitis, is 92.5%(468/506). Notably, the methylation assay had the highest sensitivities for tumors at stages of T1(90.4%) and T2(95.0%) compared with Ta(63.0%), T3(81.8%), T4(81.8%), and unknown (85.2%) stages. Furthermore, the test showed admirable detection rate of 80.0%(24/30) for recurring cancers. While methylation was observed in 39/54(72.2%) urine samples from patients with carcinomas of renal pelvis and ureter, it was detected at extremely low rate of 6.0%(8/133) in kidney and prostate cancers. Compared with SV-HUC-1, the normal bladder epithelial cell line, DMRTA2 was hypermethylated in 8/9 bladder cancer cell lines, consistent with the results of MSP and qMSP, but not correlated with mRNA and protein expression levels in these cell lines. Similarly, DMRTA2 immunostaining was moderate in some tissues but weak in others. Further studies are needed to address functional implications of DMRTA2 hypermethylation.
Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that a single-target DNA methylation signature, mDMRTA2, could be highly effective to detect both primary and recurring BC via urine samples.
Focal Points of the Preanesthesia Evaluation for Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Depression: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics in Nonremission
Authors: Zou Lei , Li Xiao , Chen Qibin , Lv Feng , Min Su 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: This study explored the patient clinical characteristics that may affect electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) efficacy, to enable improved focus during the evaluation and preparation before ECT.Methods: Patients enrolling for ECT at the Department of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2017 to January 2019.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for nonremission. Variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors.Results: In total, 874 cases showed efficacy in this study. After ECT treatment, 255 cases (29.2%) exhibited nonremission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables was performed, and the results showed that atherosclerosis (OR 8.072, 95% CI 2.442 to 16.675; p = 0.001), COPD (OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.240 to 6.871; p = 0.014), diabetes (OR 2.202, 95% CI 1.115 to 4.348; p = 0.023) and smoking (OR 1.519, 95% CI 1.015 to 2.273; p = 0.042) were independent risk factors for nonremission.Conclusion: In the retrospective analysis, we found that atherosclerosis, diabetes, COPD or smoking may be high-risk factors for nonremission.
A Novel Role of FoxO3a in the Migration and Invasion of Trophoblast Cells: From Metabolic Remodeling To Transcriptional Reprogramming
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Shi-Han , Chen Chang , Yu Xin-Yang , Zhu Jia-Nan , Mansell Toby , Novakovic Boris , Saffery Richard , Baker Philip N. , Han Ting-Li , Zhang Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The forkhead box O3a protein (FoxO3a) has been reported to involve in the migration and invasion, but their underlying mechanisms in the trophoblast remain unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the transcriptional and metabolic regulations of FoxO3a on the migration and invasion of early placental development.
Methods

Lentiviral vectors were used to knock down the expression of FoxO3a of the HTR8/SVneo cells. Western blot, matrigel invasion assay, wound healing assay, seahorse, gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics, fluxomics, and RNA-seq transcriptomics were performed.
Results

We found that FoxO3a depletion restrained the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells. Metabolomics, fluxomics, and seahorse demonstrated that FoxO3a knockdown resulted in a switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration and increased utilization of aromatic amino acids and long-chain fatty acids from extracellular nutrients. Furthermore, our RNA-seq also demonstrated that the expression of COX-2 and MMP9 decreased after FoxO3a knockdown, and these two genes were closely associated with the migration/invasion progress of trophoblast cells.
Conclusions

Our results suggested novel biological roles of FoxO3a in early placental development. FoxO3a exerts an essential effect on trophoblast migration and invasion owing to the regulations of COX2, MMP9, aromatic amino acids, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress.