bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Public Service Leaders
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O'Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis book examines why and how governments and representative bodies for senior staff in public service organizations have mounted major interventions over the past two decades to develop senior staff as leaders. A critical explanation is developed of the foundational contribution made by national leadership development interventions in the 2000s to the emergence, proliferation, and normalization of leadership development provision. The authors carried out qualitative research in England, investigating the national leadership development interventions for school education, healthcare, and higher education. Political elites in government were concerned with acculturating senior staff to act as conduits for the implementation of regulated marketization reforms furthering the neoliberalization of public services, rendering them more business-like. Representative bodies for senior staff and participants in the provision were concerned to enhance individual capability and prospects for career advancement, rendering public service leadership more professional. Senior officials responsible for operating the interventions moderately subverted the interventions by focusing on generic leading activity. Senior staff were scarcely acculturated as government change agents but were acculturated towards complying with government-set performance standards and targets within its accountability regime. The authors explored the contemporary legacy of these interventions within the growing international movement to develop senior staff in public service organizations as leaders, comparing interventions in the United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and England. They conclude that leadership development has widely acculturated senior staff as leaders, though not necessarily committed to acting as government change agents. Leadership development makes a diffuse contribution towards the ongoing neoliberalization of public services.
Leadership development interventions in context
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chapter describes the main contextual factors that prompted the United Kingdom (UK) Labour government to invest in the suite of national leadership development interventions, concentrating on public-funded school education and healthcare, and on partly public-funded higher education (HE). Foremost is the subscription of elites in successive governments since the 1980s to the economic and political ideology of neoliberalism, supported by managerialism, generating a process of neoliberalization which extended to the regulated marketization of public services. This process challenged the ideology of professionalism and individual autonomy in service provision holding sway within most public services since the advent of the Keynesian welfare state. The associated process of neoliberalization is tracked to the point of the Labour government’s engagement with the interventions. A major motivator is shown to be government politicians’ acknowledged dependence on senior staff in public service organizations to implement the regulated marketization reform programme and operate the reformed services.
Differential Effects of Binaural Pitch Fusion Range on the Benefits of Voice Gender Differences in a “Cocktail Party” Environment for Bimodal and Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Oh Yonghee , Srinivasan Nirmal Kumar , Hartling Curtis L. , Gallun Frederick J. , Reiss Lina A.J. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Some cochlear implant (CI) users are fitted with a CI in each ear (“bilateral”), while others have a CI in one ear and a hearing aid in the other (“bimodal”). Presently, evaluation of the benefits of bilateral or bimodal CI fitting does not take into account the integration of frequency information across the ears. This study tests the hypothesis that CI listeners, especially bimodal CI users, with a more precise integration of frequency information across ears (“sharp binaural pitch fusion”) will derive greater benefit from voice gender differences in a multi-talker listening environment.

Design:
Twelve bimodal CI users and twelve bilateral CI users participated. First, binaural pitch fusion ranges were measured using the simultaneous, dichotic presentation of reference and comparison stimuli (electric pulse trains for CI ears and acoustic tones for HA ears) in opposite ears, with reference stimuli fixed and comparison stimuli varied in frequency/electrode to find the range perceived as a single sound. Direct electrical stimulation was used in implanted ears through the research interface, which allowed selective stimulation of one electrode at a time, and acoustic stimulation was used in the non-implanted ears through the headphone. Second, speech-on-speech masking performance was measured to estimate masking release by voice gender difference between target and maskers (VGRM). The VGRM was calculated as the difference in speech recognition thresholds of target sounds in the presence of same-gender or different-gender maskers.

Results:
Voice gender differences between target and masker talkers improved speech recognition performance for the bimodal CI group, but not the bilateral CI group. The bimodal CI users who benefited the most from voice gender differences were those who had the narrowest range of acoustic frequencies that fused into a single sound with stimulation from a single electrode from the CI in the opposite ear. There was no similar voice gender difference benefit of narrow binaural fusion range for the bilateral CI users.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that broad binaural fusion reduces the acoustical information available for differentiating individual talkers in bimodal CI users, but not for bilateral CI users. In addition, for bimodal CI users with narrow binaural fusion who benefit from voice gender differences, bilateral implantation could lead to a loss of that benefit and impair their ability to selectively attend to one talker in the presence of multiple competing talkers. The results suggest that binaural pitch fusion, along with an assessment of residual hearing and other factors, could be important for assessing bimodal and bilateral CI users.
Variation in Commercial Insurance Type Impacts Access to Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Ortiz-Babilonia Carlos , Raad Micheal , Kurian Shyam , Reyes Miguel C. , Jain Amit 
Published: November 2022

Introduction.
Prior literature has demonstrated that disparities exist in health care access and outcomes by insurance status, and patients with commercial plans fare better than those with Medicaid. However, variation may exist within commercial plans, which may impact care access. The purpose of our study was to determine the association between commercial health insurance plan type and access/time to surgery among patients with degenerative cervical conditions.

Methods.
The MarketScan database (IBM Watson Health, Ann Arbor, MI) was utilized to identify the first instance of International Classification of Diseases-10-CM diagnosis codes for cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy. Patients 65 years old or below enrolled from 2015 to 2020 with a minimum of two years of continuous enrollment were included. Surgery for myelopathy included anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion, and laminoplasty, whereas surgery for radiculopathy included ACDF, cervical disk arthroplasty, and foraminotomy. The time between first diagnosis and surgery was determined. Insurance plan type was categorized as noncapitated (NC), non–high-deductible health plan, Health Management Organization–type partially or fully capitated plans, or high-deductible health plans (HDHP). Proportional hazards regression was utilized to compare time-to-incidence of surgery by plan type, adjusting for age, and sex.

Results.
In total, 55,954 patients with cervical myelopathy and 705,117 patients with cervical radiculopathy were included. Mean follow-up was 537 and 657 days for myelopathy and radiculopathy, respectively. At two years postdiagnosis, 22.6% of myelopathy and 5.6% of radiculopathy patients were managed surgically. ACDF was the most common surgery for both myelopathy (85.7% of surgically managed patients) and radiculopathy (80.6%). The mean time to surgery for myelopathy was 101 days, and 196 days for radiculopathy. The most common plan type was NC for both myelopathy (81.5%, n=44,832) and radiculopathy (80.6%, n=559,109). Time-to-occurrence of surgery was significantly higher among both myelopathy and radiculopathy patients with capitated plans and HDHP versus NC plans, but the impact was significantly greater among those with radiculopathy than myelopathy (all P<0.05).

Conclusions.
Insurance plan structure has a significant impact on incidence of and on time-to-occurrence of surgery for patients with cervical degenerative conditions. Patients with HDHP plans may experience higher costs, potentially limiting access to care.
Plexiform Melanocytic Schwannoma: Report of a Second Case and Overview of a Rare Entity
Authors: Ranson Marc , Lai Jonathan , Van Brenk Bert , McCalmont Timothy H. , Walsh Noreen M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
The seminal case report of plexiform melanocytic schwannoma, published a decade ago, indicated that this is a rare variant of schwannoma demonstrating immunohistochemical expression of melanocytic markers, electron microscopic evidence of melanosome formation, and genetic features of a benign schwannoma. We report herein, a second example of this entity. Of added interest, our case showed pseudoglandular features, as previously recorded in other variants of schwannoma. A 66-year-old man presented with a cutaneous papule on the abdomen. Histopathologically, a vertically oriented, exoendophytic, folliculocentric, dermal tumor with a plexiform architecture was observed. This was composed of nodules and diverging fascicles of bland spindle-shaped cells. Notable interstitial mucin deposition conveyed a pseudoglandular appearance to the lesion. The spindled cells co-expressed S100, SOX10, and HMB45. A minority of cells expressed Melan-A and MiTF. EMA and claudin-1 stained capsular and perifascicular perineurial cells. Melanin was absent. Plexiform melanocytic schwannoma represents one of several nerve sheath tumors that peculiarly display evidence of melanocytic differentiation. These include melanocytoneuroma, pigmented neurofibroma (or melanocytic neurofibroma), and malignant melanotic schwannian tumor. Of importance, these proliferations can be mistaken for melanocytic tumors, including melanoma. In expanding the literature on this topic, we discuss steps required to distinguish plexiform melanocytic schwannoma from melanoma and other nerve sheath tumors with melanocytic differentiation. The possible pathogenesis of these unusual neoplasms is also addressed.
EFFECTS OF HALF-DOSE PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY WITH OR WITHOUT MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION ASSESSED USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Nakamura Koichi , Takeuchi Jun , Kataoka Keiko , Ota Hikaru , Asai Keiko , Nakano Yuyako , Horiguchi Etsuyo , Taki Yosuke , Ito Yasuki , Terasaki Hiroko , Nishiguchi Koji M. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To assess the effects of half-dose photodynamic therapy on subretinal fluid and macular neovascularization (MNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
Clinical information on 168 patients (168 eyes) with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy obtained before and 6 months after treatment with half-dose photodynamic therapy was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into a success (145 eyes) or failure (23 eyes) group based on the absence or presence of subretinal fluid, respectively, and clinical data were compared between them. Macular neovascularization was studied in 147 cases with available optical coherence tomography angiography images. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results:
The success group showed a younger patient age, better posttreatment best-corrected visual acuity, and thicker pretreatment central choroidal thickness (all, P < 0.047) than did the failure group. Regarding MNV analysis, nine, eight, and 130 eyes had definite, possible, and no MNV, respectively, at baseline; among them, 100.0%, 75.0%, and 2.3%, respectively, had MNV at 6 months posttreatment. Patients with definite MNV at baseline were less likely to show successful subretinal fluid resolution.

Conclusion:
Although half-dose photodynamic therapy is generally effective for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, coexisting MNV may compromise the outcome; thus, optical coherence tomography angiography–based assessment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy is important.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING FEATURES AND TREATMENT RESPONSES OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Jeong Areum , Kang Wonki , Sagong Min 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To investigate features of central serous chorioretinopathy with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) on multimodal imaging and analyze their association with treatment response.

Methods:
A total of 37 patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy complicated by CNV were divided into bevacizumab and photodynamic therapy groups, and each group was subdivided into responders and nonresponders according to subretinal fluid status at 3 months. We assessed multimodal imaging parameters (subfoveal choroidal thickness; vortex vein engorgement; choroidal vascular hyperpermeability; and CNV morphologic pattern, area, and vessel density) and analyzed their association with treatment responses.

Results:
Responders in the bevacizumab group showed thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness (384.0 ± 103.2 vs. 398.3 ± 87.1 µm, P = 0.042), smaller CNV area (0.512 ± 0.267 vs. 1.323 ± 0.481 mm2, P = 0.007), open-circuit pattern (84.6% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001), and capillary fringe (69.2% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.001) than nonresponders. Responders in the photodynamic therapy group had thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (420.1 ± 93.5 vs. 395.7 ± 6.5 µm, P = 0.021), more quadrants with engorged vortex veins extending to the macula (P = 0.012), and intense choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (57.1% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.026) than nonresponders. Choroidal neovascularization showing closed-circuit pattern (85.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.001) and peripheral loop (64.3% vs. 0%, P = 0.001) demonstrated a good response to photodynamic therapy.

Conclusion:
Heterogeneous features of choroidal hyperpermeability, thickness, and CNV morphology in CNV accompanying central serous chorioretinopathy are associated with different therapeutic responses to bevacizumab and photodynamic therapy treatments.
How Are Older Adults Different Than Other Adults for Infections?
Authors: Scott Donald , Bond Mary , Manning T. Hunter , Lin-Greenberg Alan , Rosenthal Ken S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The presentation of an infectious disease in an older adult, especially in a frail older adult or in the oldest old (≥80 years), may differ from other adults. In addition to differences in immune response, there are significant differences in anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, mental status, living conditions, and behavior that affect susceptibility, course of disease, presentation, severity, and treatment. This is the second of a series of reviews that examine differences in disease presentation for different demographics. This short review will look at some of the parameters that ask, “How are older adults different than other adults for infections?”
Double Vision and Light Sensitivity Symptoms are Associated With Return-to-School Timing After Pediatric Concussion
Authors: Schmitz Baylie , Smulligan Katherine L. , Wingerson Mathew J. , Walker Gregory A. , Wilson Julie C. , Howell David R. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To determine the association between academic time loss postconcussion and vision symptoms/impairments among pediatric patients.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Sports medicine clinic.

Patients:
Pediatric patients seen for care in a sports medicine clinic between the ages 6 and 18 years (n = 212; mean age = 14.3, SD = 2.4 years; 48% female) were evaluated within 21 days of concussion (mean = 9.8, SD = 5.7 days).

Independent Variable:
Patients were grouped based on academic time loss (missed >5 days vs ≤5 days of school) at their initial postconcussion evaluation.

Outcome Measures:
Patients rated concussion symptoms using the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI) and underwent near point of convergence (NPC) testing. We compared groups on specific HBI symptom ratings of dizziness, blurry vision, seeing double, and light sensitivity, as well as NPC break and recovery point distances.

Results:
Two hundred twelve patients were included; n = 36 (17%) who reported missing >5 days of school. After adjusting for time since injury, parental education level, mechanism of injury, and preinjury anxiety, patients who reported missing >5 days of school had higher ratings of double vision (β = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.53; P = 0.04) and light sensitivity (β = 0.506; 95% CI, 0.061-0.951; P = 0.02), but not dizziness (β = 0.390; 95% CI, −0.047 to 0.827; P = 0.08) or blurry vision (β = 0.026; 95% CI, −0.352 to 0.404; P = 0.89).

Conclusion:
Missing >5 days of school was associated with worse double vision and light sensitivity symptoms. Given the importance of vision in learning, assessing postconcussion vision symptoms may facilitate a successful return to school. Clinicians should assess a wide spectrum of vision-specific symptoms to ensure appropriate support during the return-to-school process.
Single-port versus multi-port totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Prassas Dimitrios , Rolfs Thomas Marten , Vaghiri Sascha , Kounnamas Aristodemos , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Krieg Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The value of single-port totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (STEP) when compared to the conventional multi-port approach (TEP) is still a matter of controversy. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the feasibility and safety of the above-mentioned techniques.

Methods:
A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the outcome STEP and TEP in patients with inguinal hernia was conducted. Data regarding postoperative outcomes were extracted and compared by meta-analysis. The Odds Ratio and Standardized Mean Differences with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results:
Six RCTs were identified, involving a total of 636 cases (STEP: n = 328, TEP: n = 308). There was a statistically significant difference noted between the 2 groups regarding return to everyday activities favoring the STEP group (SMD = −0.23; 95% CI [−0.41, −0.06]; P = .01; 4 studies; I
2 = 9). For the remaining primary and secondary endpoints, intra- and postoperative morbidity, conversion rate, peritoneal tears, major intraoperative bleeding, postoperative haematoseroma, operative time, postoperative pain, chronic pain, cosmetic satisfaction, hernia recurrence and in-hospital length of stay no statistically significant difference was noted between the 2 study groups.

Conclusions:
Current evidence suggests that patients who underwent STEP had similar outcomes to the traditional TEP technique with the exception of time to return to everyday activities, which was reported to be shorter in the STEP group.
The effect of AT1R-1166A/C and AT2R-1675A/G polymorphisms on susceptibility to preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quan Yi , Liu Ping , Zhang Long , Guo Junliang 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-1166A/C, Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-1675A/G polymorphisms and susceptibility to preeclampsia (PE).

Methods:
Online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, Lilacs/SciELO, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wan Fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, were used to perform the literature search up to April 2022. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect size. The data was analyzed by Stata 15.0 software.

Results:
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 case-control studies were identified, including 3524 cases and 6308 controls. Our meta-analysis showed that the AT1R -1166 A/C allele was significantly associated with susceptibility to PE (A vs C: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, P = .013), and there was significant difference in recessive gene model (AA vs AC + CC: OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97, P = .021). However, no association was found between AT2R-1675A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to PE.

Conclusion:
our meta-analysis suggested that AT1R-1166A/C polymorphism had an association with susceptibility to PE, but AT2R-1675A/G polymorphism had no association with susceptibility to PE.
Is elevated triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio associated with poor prognosis of coronary heart disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Guan Chun-Li , Liu Hong-Tao , Chen Dong-Hui , Quan Xiao-Qing , Gao Wei-Liang , Duan Xue-Yan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Elevated triglycerides (TG) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are recognized as essential and independent hazard factors for total death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, whether the increased TG/HDL-C forecasted the prognosis of CHD is still unknown. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the elevated TG/HDL-C ratio and poor prognosis of CHD.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library, until August 30, 2021. Prospective observational studies regarding the association between TG/HDL-C and long-term mortality/MACEs in CHD patients were included.

Results:
In total, 6 independent prospective studies of 10,222 participants with CHD were enrolled in the systematic and meta-analysis. Our outcomes of the meta-analysis indicated that the elevated TG/HDL-C group had a significantly increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75–4.86, P < .05) and long-term MACEs (HR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.11–2.18, P < .05).

Conclusion:
In patients with CHD, the present study showed that the high TG/HDL-C was associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality and MACE.