bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes modulate P‐glycoprotein expression and function in human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Pyun Jae , McInnes Lachlan E. , Donnelly Paul S. , Mawal Celeste , Bush Ashley I. , Short Jennifer L. , Nicolazzo Joseph A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that hinders brain access of substrate drugs and clears endogenous molecules such as amyloid beta (Aβ) from the brain. As biometals such as copper (Cu) modulate many neuronal signalling pathways linked to P‐gp regulation, it was hypothesised that the bis(thiosemicarbazone) (BTSC) Cu‐releasing complex, copper II glyoxal bis(4‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) (CuII[GTSM]), would enhance P‐gp expression and function at the BBB, while copper II diacetyl bis(4‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) (CuII[ATSM]), which only releases Cu under hypoxic conditions, would not modulate P‐gp expression. Following treatment with 25–250 nM CuII(BTSC)s for 8–48 h, expression of P‐gp mRNA and protein in human brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells was assessed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot, respectively. P‐gp function was assessed by measuring accumulation of the fluorescent P‐gp substrate, rhodamine 123 and intracellular Cu levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Interestingly, CuII(ATSM) significantly enhanced P‐gp expression and function 2‐fold and 1.3‐fold, respectively, whereas CuII(GTSM) reduced P‐gp expression 0.5‐fold and function by 200%. As both compounds increased intracellular Cu levels, the effect of different BTSC backbones, independent of Cu, on P‐gp expression was assessed. However, only the Cu‐ATSM complex enhanced P‐gp expression and this was mediated partly through activation (1.4‐fold) of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2, an outcome that was significantly attenuated in the presence of an inhibitor of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase regulatory pathway. Our findings suggest that CuII(ATSM) and CuII(GTSM) have the potential to modulate the expression and function of P‐gp at the BBB to impact brain drug delivery and clearance of Aβ.image
The Effect of Firing Cycles on the Fit of Cobalt‐Chromium Multiunit Prostheses Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Daou Elie E. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe effect of annealing and firing cycle on the adaptation of cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) restorations fabricated by additive manufacturing has been poorly documented. This study compared the marginal and internal fit of CoCr three‐unit fixed dental prostheses before and after firing cycles.Material and methodsThe first right maxillary premolar (MP) and molar (MM) on a typodont model, were prepared with a circumferential 1.2 mm chamfer, 2 mm occlusal reduction, and total taper of 8 degrees, to receive 3‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP). After the framework design, 20 framework specimens were fabricated using CoCr metal powder by selective laser melting. The replica technique was used for marginal and internal fit measurements in mesiodistal and buccolingual planes. The specimens were submitted to an annealing process, and to ceramic firing protocol. Measurements were repeated after each firing cycle. The data were compared by using Levene test, t‐test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05).ResultsA significant difference was found in the total intaglio surface discrepancy between the 3 treatments. The annealing treatment induced a statistical difference in the discrepancy value compared to the as printed state (p = 0.028). A significant difference was detected between the initial manufacturing phase and the ceramic layering firing cycle (p = 0.003).ConclusionsFiring cycles induced an alteration of the frameworks adaptation.
The First State Tobacco Flavor Ban: High School Tobacco Control Needs in a Changing Landscape
Authors: Liu Jessica , Reynolds Matthew J. , Hartman Lester , Gottlieb Mark , Coogan Jacqueline M. , Winickoff Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite recent tobacco control efforts, adolescent vaping remains an epidemic in the United States. The purpose of our study was to understand high school student vaping behaviors using the perceptions of Massachusetts school personnel during the critical window from when the Massachusetts statewide flavor ban legislation was passed in November 2019 through the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.METHODSHigh school personnel throughout Massachusetts were invited to complete a cross‐sectional survey. Analysis of survey responses was conducted in R.RESULTSA total of 162 respondents completed the survey representing 137 schools that draw enrollments from 216 (61%) of the 352 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The most popular products that respondents believed their students were using were JUULs (95.7%), other e‐cigarettes (85.3%), and disposable vapes (79.6%). Following the flavor ban, the majority (90.7%) did not report an increase in combusted tobacco product use. All participants (100%) reported wanting more access to prevention and treatment resources.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that a comprehensive flavor ban may be an effective tobacco control policy that does not appear to promote student switching from vaping products to combusted tobacco products. These data also indicate that schools report needing additional resources to address the vaping epidemic.
Heteropogon‐Themeda grasses evolve to occupy either tropical grassland or wetland biomes
Authors: Arthan Watchara , Morales‐Fierro Vanezza , Vorontsova Maria S. , Kellogg Elizabeth A. , Mitchley Jonathan , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpecies of the Heteropogon‐Themeda clade are ecologically important grasses distributed across the tropics, including widespread species, such as the pantropical Heteropogon contortus and Themeda triandra, and range‐restricted species such as Heteropogon ritchiei and Themeda anathera. Here, we examine habitat preferences of the grassland/savanna and wetland species by describing bioclimatic niche characteristics, characterizing functional traits, and investigating the evolution of functional traits of 31 species in the Heteropogon‐Themeda clade in relation to precipitation and temperature. The climatic limits of the clade are linked to mean annual precipitation and seasonality that also distinguish seven wetland species from 24 grassland/savanna species. Tests of niche equivalency highlighted the unique bioclimatic niche of the wetland species. However, climatic factors do not fully explain species geographic range, and other factors are likely to contribute to their distribution ranges. Trait analyses demonstrated that the wetland and grassland/savanna species were separated by culm height, leaf length, leaf area, awn length, and awn types. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the wetland species had tall stature with long and large leaves and lack of hygroscopic awns, which suggest selective pressures in the shift between savanna/grassland and wetland. The two most widespread species, H. contortus and T. triandra, have significantly different bioclimatic niches, but we also found that climatic niche alone does not explain the current geographic distributions of H. contortus and T. triandra. Our study provides a new understanding of the biogeography and evolutionary history of an ecologically important clade of C4 tropical grasses.
African climate and geomorphology drive evolution and ghost introgression in sable antelope
Authors: Rocha Joana L. , Vaz Pinto Pedro , Siegismund Hans R. , Meyer Matthias , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Veríssimo Luís , Ferrand Nuno , Godinho Raquel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary history of African ungulates has been explained largely in the light of Pleistocene climatic oscillations and the way these influenced the distribution of vegetation types, leading to range expansions and/or isolation in refugia. In contrast, comparatively fewer studies have addressed the continent’s environmental heterogeneity and the role played by its geomorphological barriers. In this study, we performed a range‐wide analysis of complete mitogenomes of sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) to explore how these different factors may have contributed as drivers of evolution in southcentral Africa. Our results supported two sympatric and deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in west Tanzanian sables, which can be explained as the result of introgressive hybridization of a mitochondrial ghost lineage from an archaic, as‐yet‐undefined, congener. Phylogeographical subdivisions into three main lineages suggest that sable diversification may not have been driven solely by climatic events affecting populations differently across a continental scale. Often in interplay with climate, geomorphological features have also clearly shaped the species’ patterns of vicariance, where the East Africa Rift System and the Eastern Arc Mountains acted as geological barriers. Subsequent splits among southern populations may be linked to rearrangements in the Zambezi system, possibly framing the most recent time when the river attained its current drainage profile. This work underlines how the use of comprehensive mitogenomic data sets on a model species with a wide geographical distribution can contribute to a much‐enhanced understanding of environmental, geomorphological and evolutionary patterns in Africa throughout the Quaternary.
Subtle limits to connectivity revealed by outlier loci within two divergent metapopulations of the deep‐sea hydrothermal gastropod Ifremeria nautilei
Authors: Tran Lu Y Adrien , Ruault Stéphanie , Daguin‐Thiébaut Claire , Castel Jade , Bierne Nicolas , Broquet Thomas , Wincker Patrick , Perdereau Aude , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre , Jollivet Didier , Hourdez Stéphane , Bonhomme François 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrothermal vents form archipelagos of ephemeral deep‐sea habitats that raise interesting questions about the evolution and dynamics of the associated endemic fauna, constantly subject to extinction‐recolonization processes. These metal‐rich environments are coveted for the mineral resources they harbour, thus raising recent conservation concerns. The evolutionary fate and demographic resilience of hydrothermal species strongly depend on the degree of connectivity among and within their fragmented metapopulations. In the deep sea, however, assessing connectivity is difficult and usually requires indirect genetic approaches. Improved detection of fine‐scale genetic connectivity is now possible based on genome‐wide screening for genetic differentiation. Here, we explored population connectivity in the hydrothermal vent snail Ifremeria nautilei across its species range encompassing five distinct back‐arc basins in the Southwest Pacific. The global analysis, based on 10,570 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq), depicted two semi‐isolated and homogeneous genetic clusters. Demogenetic modeling suggests that these two groups began to diverge about 70,000 generations ago, but continue to exhibit weak and slightly asymmetrical gene flow. Furthermore, a careful analysis of outlier loci showed subtle limitations to connectivity between neighbouring basins within both groups. This finding indicates that migration is not strong enough to totally counterbalance drift or local selection, hence questioning the potential for demographic resilience at this latter geographical scale. These results illustrate the potential of large genomic data sets to understand fine‐scale connectivity patterns in hydrothermal vents and the deep sea.
Cognitive impairment in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Murakami Takenobu , Hanajima Ritsuko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment is known to be a non‐motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple cognitive domains, such as executive, attention, visuoperceptual, and memory functions, are impaired in PD. Various cognitive neural networks should, therefore, be involved in PD. Neural degeneration due to the pathology of Lewy bodies spread to many neural networks, leading to cognitive impairment. Executive dysfunction is mostly related to dopaminergic network disruption, projecting from the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic systems to the prefrontal lobes. This idea was strengthened by the convincing evidence that administrating levodopa can provide beneficial effects for executive functions with improvements in motor symptoms. Frontoparietal cholinergic and noradrenergic network dysfunctions induce attention deficits, including cognitive fluctuation. Abnormality in the cholinergic network is related to visuoperceptual processing dysfunction, which induces visual hallucinations and memory impairments. Pharmacological treatments using cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in improving cognitive function in PD with dementia, which strongly supports the above concept. The pathology of Lewy bodies in the cortical and limbic systems relates to cognitive impairment, and the pathology of cortical amyloids facilitates the progression of cognitive decline in PD. Biomarker studies of cerebrospinal fluid measurements, neuroimaging, and neurophysiology have provided much evidence of cognitive impairment in PD. This review discusses the current knowledge on cognitive impairment in advanced PD, focusing on the distinct neural networks affected by neural degeneration.
Predictors of permanent pacemaker insertion after mitral valve replacement: A systematic review
Authors: Ghauri Hamza , Iqbal Raafe , Ahmed Sohail , Ashraf Amna , Khan Muhammad Saad Qadeer , Malik Jahanzeb , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Jawad , Almas Talal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the established surgical mitral valve replacement (MVR) expands toward various contemporary techniques and access routes, the predictors and burden of procedure‐related complications including the need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation need to be identified. Digital databases were searched systematically to identify studies reporting the incidence of PPM implantation after MVR. Detailed study and patient‐level baseline characteristics including the type of study, sample size, follow‐up, number of post‐MVR PPM implantations, age, gender, and baseline ECG abnormalities were abstracted. A total of 12 studies, recruiting 37,124 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, 2820 (7.6%) patients required a PPM with the net rate ranging from 1.7% to 10.96%. Post‐MVR atrioventricular (AV) block was the most commonly observed indication for PPM, followed by sinoatrial (SA) node dysfunction, and bradycardia. Age, male gender, pre‐existing comorbid conditions, prior CABG, history of arrhythmias or using antiarrhythmic drugs, atrial fibrillation ablation, and double valve replacement were predictors of PPM implantation post‐MVR. Age, male gender, comorbid conditions like diabetes and renal impairment, prior CABG, double valve replacement, and antiarrhythmic drugs served as positive predictors of PPM implantation in patients undergoing MVR.
Consultancies in public administration
Authors: Seabrooke Leonard , Sending Ole Jacob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic administrations increasingly rely on consultancies to acquire policy knowledge, assess stakeholder dynamics, and evaluate governance systems. In this symposium, we explore the drivers and effects of this trend. Consultants offer advisory services, articulate governance trends, provide technical and programming expertise, as well as evaluation functions. Historically consultancies were introduced to public administrations to prevent market dominance and to respond to demands for specialized professional services. This relationship morphed into an expanded global market for a wide range of consultancy services that national and international administrations purchase. We explore how consultancies and public administrations interact through a discussion of task‐setting based on recognition of: (i) what party can make claims to support a public ethos, (ii) what forms of expertise are most relevant for solving the problem, and (iii) status in who can best tackle uncertainties.
Evaluation of neurodevelopmental symptoms in 10 cases of neonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome
Authors: Salik Deborah , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Hohl Daniel , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Youssefian Leila , Rakosi Adèle , Dangoisse Chantal , Marangoni Martina , Vilain Catheline , Smits Guillaume 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis (NISCH) syndrome is an extremely rare entity with only 19 patients described in the literature. We report an extended family with the disorder and investigate the association of neurodevelopmental symptoms. Patients with CLDN1 mutations, and specifically « the Moroccan» c.200_201delTT deletion, may be an increased risk for neurodevelopmental symptoms such as learning disabilities, mental retardation, and language delay.
AIDS cases in Ottawa: A review of simultaneous HIV and AIDS diagnoses
Authors: Orser Lauren , O'Byrne Patrick , Holmes Dave 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn Canada, HIV diagnoses continue unabated, with many of these cases being identified at a late stage of infection. While current public health surveillance data does not capture timing of diagnoses, locally, we identified a number of patients concurrently diagnosed with AIDS and HIV.DesignTo understand the key characteristics, presenting symptoms, and risk factors associated with an AIDS diagnosis, we undertook a prospective chart review of HIV and AIDS diagnoses in Ottawa, Canada.SampleSixty seven charts of persons diagnosed with HIV and AIDS between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed.MeasurementsData were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsResults show some inconsistencies regarding HIV risk factors identified in published literature compared to those for persons diagnosed with AIDS in this study. Namely, patients in this review were more likely to be male, Black (from HIV‐endemic regions), and heterosexual, and were diagnosed at critical stage in infection (total average CD4+ count of 92.9 cells/mm3) with 44.8% of patients concurrently diagnosed with one or more AIDS‐related opportunistic infections.ConclusionsThe findings can be applied to strengthen HIV screening efforts in primary care settings, particularly among patients who present with persistent symptoms or illnesses related to chronic HIV infection. Additional considerations should be made for public health nurses to provide counseling and linkage to HIV testing/prevention services for patients at the time of an STI or Tuberculosis diagnosis and to increase AIDS‐specific data collection.
Paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia: Comparative analysis ofAceh‐Quebec
Authors: Dermawan Windy , Darmawan Ivan , Mustofa Mustabsyirotul Ummah , Djuyandi Yusa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article aims to understand paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia by identifying the characteristics of Aceh's paradiplomacy and reviewing it comparatively with the paradiplomacy of Quebec, Canada. The data was collected by documentation study, interview, and literature search. The practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia is framed in a unitary state system in which the central government still dominates regional foreign activities and the regional awareness for the need of foreign relations is still minimal. This is different from the Province of Quebec in Canada wherein Quebec is one of the most active provinces to take part abroad for the fulfillment of their regional interests. We conclude that the characteristics of paradiplomacy are determined by the institutionalization of paradiplomacy in the regions and the pattern of relations between the central and regional government which usually refers to the form of the state whether unitary or federalist.Related ArticlesClaude, Denis. 2007. “Canadians in Trouble Abroad: Citizenship, Personal Security, and North American Regionalization.”Politics & Policy35(4): 648–63.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00078.x.Huijgh, Ellen. 2017. “Indonesia's ‘Intermestic’ Public Diplomacy: Features and Future.”Politics & Policy45(5): 762–92.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12221.Sevin, Efe. 2017. “A Multilayered Approach to Public Diplomacy Evaluation: Pathways of Connection.”Politics & Policy45(5): 879–901.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12227.
Data‐driven allocation of development aid toward sustainable development goals: Evidence from HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jakubik Johannes , Feuerriegel Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic is an important target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To achieve it, countries worldwide donate large amounts of development aid (USD 15.18 billion annually). However, current practice in allocating development aid is largely based on decision heuristics and thus subject to inefficiencies. To address this problem, we aim to support managers of funding bodies in identifying cost‐effective allocations of development aid and thus develop a new decision model. We combine data analytics with mathematical optimization, whereby the former estimates the country‐specific effectiveness of aid, and the latter suggests an allocation under budget constraints. We evaluate our decision model using aid data obtained from the SDG Financing Lab of the OECD, demonstrating that our decision model could reduce the infection rate over current practice. Our work directly benefits managers of funding bodies tasked with financing development activities and helps them achieve cost‐effective progress toward ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Heat suit training increases hemoglobin mass in elite cross‐country skiers
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Lid Ole Martin , Hansen Joar , Hamarsland Håvard , Mølmen Knut Sindre , Nygaard Håvard , Ellefsen Stian , Hammarström Daniel , Lundby Carsten 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe primary purpose was to test the effect of heat suit training on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) in elite cross‐country (XC) skiers.MethodsTwenty‐five male XC‐skiers were divided into a group that added 5 × 50 min weekly heat suit training sessions to their regular training (HEAT; n = 13, 23 ± 5 years, 73.9 ± 5.2 kg, 180 ± 6 cm, 76.8 ± 4.6 ml·min−1·kg−1) or to a control group matched for training volume and intensity distribution (CON; n = 12, 23 ± 4 years, 78.4 ± 5.8 kg, 184 ± 4 cm, 75.2 ± 3.4 ml·min−1·kg−1) during the five‐week intervention period. Hbmass, endurance performance and factors determining endurance performance were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsHEAT led to 30 g greater Hbmass (95% CI: [8.5, 51.7], p = 0.009) and 157 ml greater red blood cell volume ([29, 285], p = 0.018) post‐intervention, compared to CON when adjusted for baseline values. In contrast, no group differences were observed for changes in work economy, running velocity, and fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) at 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate, V̇O2max or 15‐min running distance performance trial during the intervention.ConclusionHEAT induced a larger increase in Hbmass and red blood cell volume after five weeks with five weekly heat suit training sessions than CON, but with no detectable group differences on physiological determinants of endurance performance or actual endurance performance in elite CX skiers.