bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Analysis of Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima)
Authors: Ulvie Yuliana Noor Setiawati , Kusuma Hapsari Sulistya , Handarsari Erma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWood apple or Limonia acidissima contains fruit acid, vitamins, and minerals. The dry fiber of the fruit contains 15% citric acid, potassium, calcium, and iron salt. The seed and pulp contain fats and protein. The fats consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, despite palmitoleic and stearic acid traces. β-sitosterol, β-Amirin, lupeol, and stigmasterol are from the unsaponifiable matter of seed oil. It was descriptive research that employed a laboratory experiment approach to determine the composition of total carbohydrate, total protein, total fats, water, ash content, and the crude fiber of wood apple. The research found that every 100 gram of wood apple contains 72.326% water, 2.144% ash content, 0.00985% crude fats, 4.300% protein, 15.115% fiber, and 5.868% carbohydrate. Keywords: wood apple, nutrition content, composition AbstrakApel kayu atau Limonia acidissima mengandung asam buah, vitamin, dan mineral. Serat kering dari buah ini mengandung 15% asam sitrat, kalium, kalsium, dan garam besi. Biji dan daging buahnya mengandung lemak dan protein. Lemaknya terdiri dari asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam linoleat, dan asam linolenat, dengan sedikit kandungan asam palmitoleat dan stearat. β-sitosterol, β-Amirin, lupeol, dan stigmasterol berasal dari bahan yang tidak dapat disaponifikasi dari minyak biji. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksperimen laboratorium untuk mengetahui komposisi karbohidrat total, protein total, lemak total, air, kadar abu, dan serat kasar kayu apel. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa setiap 100 gram kayu apel mengandung air 72,326%, kadar abu 2,144%, lemak kasar 0,00985%, protein 4,300%, serat 15,115%, dan karbohidrat 5,868%. Kata kunci: apel kayu, kandungan gizi, komposisi
Effects of Biochar on Yield of Chilli, and Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Wangmo Tshering , Dorji Sonam , Tobgay Tshering , Pelden Tshering 
Published: May 2022

Aims: To examine the effects of different doses of biocharon the yield of chili and soil chemical properties under the Samtenling condition which represents the wet-subtropical agro-climatic zone of Bhutan.
Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for the study with three replications and five treatments.
Place and Duration of Study: Agriculture Research and Development Centre (ARDC), Samtenling, Sarpang district located in southern Bhutan, between October 2020 and May 2021.
Methodology: Composite soil samples were collected before and after biochar addition and their chemical properties were analyzed at Soil and Plant Analytical Laboratory (SPAL), National Soil Services Centre, Thimphu. One hybrid variety (sv2319HA) of chili was used in all the treatments with five different biochar doses (No biochar addition, biochar addition @ 0.8 t acre-1, 1.6 t acre-1, 3.2 t acre-1, and 4.9 t acre-1). Growth and yield data of chili were collected and analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) at P = .05using R studio team (2021), version 1.4.1103.
Results: The yield of chilli significantly differed (P = .03) under different doses of biochar but variations in growth were insignificant except the number of branches (P = .03). Overall, the yield of chili increased from 0.3 t acre-1 to 0.9 t acre-1 with an increase in biochar rates from 0.8 t acre-1 to 3.2 t acre-1. Biochar addition of 3.2 t acre-1 significantly increased the yield of chili (0.95 t acre-1) as compared to control (0.346 t acre-1). Soil pH, % nitrogen, available P (mg kg-1), available K (mg kg-1), CEC, % BS, and % organic matter increased with increasing quantities of rice husk biochar.
Conclusion: The different doses of biochar addition to the soil had a significantly positive impact on the yield of chili as it also improved the soil’s chemical properties. The addition of 3.2 t acre-1of biochar may be recommended as per the study since the maximum yield of chilli was recorded in soil treated with biochar @3.2t acre-1.
Phyllanthus amarus Aqueous Extract as Antidote to Alcoholic Liver Injury
Authors: Ajani Rotimi Sunday , Alabi Olanike Mutiyat 
Published: May 2022

Objective: In most human communities, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is unregulated with negative impact on health. The liver is one of the major organs that bear the brunt of regular and or heavy consumption of alcohol. This study set out to elucidate the modulation of alcohol induced liver injury in wistar rat by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus plant.
Methodology: Five groups of six animals each were used for the study. Group CN was the control. The alcohol only group (ALC) had 1ml / 100g body weight (b.w) of 43% ethanol. The Extract only group (EXT) had 200mg/ Kg b.w of P.amarus aqueous extract. The Low Extract plus Alcohol group (LEA) had concomitant administration of 1ml/100g b. w of 43% ethanol with 200 mg/ Kg of the extract. The High Extract plus Alcohol group (HEA) had concomitant administration of 1ml/100g b. w of 43% ethanol and the extract at 400 mg/ Kg. The alcohol and extract were administered once daily for fourteen days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses, the animals sacrificed and livers harvested for histopathological analyses.
Results: Group HEA had the highest mean body weight. The mean liver weight of group EXT was significantly higher than those of other groups. Both the total protein and its globulin fraction of the ALC group were significantly lower than those of others. The liver enzymes (Alanine and Aspartate transaminases) levels were significantly low in the ALC group. However, those of the LEA and HEA groups were comparable with the EXT group. The glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of the LEA and HEA groups were significantly higher than that of ALC. Lipid peroxidation was most severe in the ALC group as evidenced by the significantly high malondialdehyde level. Histopathological sections of the liver revealed preserved hepatic architecture with pronounced steatosis in the ALC group.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus considerably reduced the severity of alcohol induced liver injury.
Impact of Nitrogen and Iron on Growth and Yield Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Reddy Mandra Vamsidhar , Singh Rajesh , Thakur Indu 
Published: May 2022

Background: Chickpea is leguminous crop, which offers a good nutrition to people across the world. Chickpea ranks second after soybean as the common leguminous crop that people grow and consume across the world. Therefore, its study is significant because chickpea has nutritional and economic importance in the world.
Objectives: Effect of Nitrogen and Iron on growth and yield of Chickpea.
Methods: With the goal of studying the effect of Nitrogen and Iron on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var RVG-202 under a Randomized block design with 9 treatments which are replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that of 25 kg/ha Nitrogen +7.5kg /ha Iron recorded maximum plant height (48.8 cm), number of nodules per plant (23.0), plant dry weight (55.7g/plant), number of pods per plant (61.2), number of seeds per pod (3.5), Seed yield (1919.1 kg/ha), Haulm Yield (3186.6 kg/ha).
Conclusion: 25 kg/ha Nitrogen and 7.5kg /ha Iron determined to be the most beneficial to farmers, resulting in plant height (48.8 cm), dry weight (55.7g/plant), nodules per plant (23.0), number of pods per plant (61.2), number of seeds per pod (3.5), seed yield (1919.1kg/ha) and Haulm yield (3186.6 kg/ha).
Determining the Impact of Age, Sex and Location in the Spread of Tuberculosis Infection among Patients, in Bayelsa State Nigeria, using Molecular Technique
Authors: Silas Goodluck , Enoch Amala, Smart , Ollor Amba, Ollor , Agi Vivian Nkemkanma 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Several predisposing factors such as Age, Sex and overcrowding may have affected the prevalence of tuberculosis in various locations including Bayelsa State and other parts of the world.
Aim: The aim of this study is to know if Age, Sex and Location determines tuberculosis rate of infection, using molecular technique to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Methodology: We analyzed a total of 102 sputum samples, which were collected from each of the participants. GeneXpert molecular method was used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistant cases. The data and results obtained are statistically analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.
Result: Out of the 102 sputum samples screened, 91(89.2%) were confirmed to have tuberculosis, Tuberculosis among male and female were 54(52.9%) and 37(36.3%) respectively, while rifampicin resistance among male and female were 3(2.9%) and 5(4.9%) respectively. Tuberculosis infection among male and female were not statistically significant (p = .75). The age intervals are 11-20, 21-31, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and 71-80. 31-40 years had the highest tuberculosis prevalence of 30(29.4). The various locations were Brass, Ekeremor, Kolokuma/Opokuma, Nembe, Ogbia, Southern Ijaw and Sagbama Local Governmemt Areas. People residing in Yenagoa local Government had more positive case of both rifampicin resistant 5(4.9%) and non-rifampicin resistant tuberculosis infection.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis infection is more predominant among male in Bayelsa State than female but rifampicin resistance species are more predominant among females. The age group interval of 40-41 had the highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection while the highest location of tuberculosis infection is Yenagoa.
The beginning and the end of SNARE‐induced membrane fusion
Authors: Mion Delphine , Bunel Louis , Heo Paul , Pincet Frédéric 
Published: May 2022

Membrane fusion is not a spontaneous process. Physiologically, the formation of coiled‐coil protein complexes, the SNAREpins, bridges the membrane of a vesicle and a target membrane, brings them in close contact, and provides the energy necessary for their fusion. In this review, we utilize results from in vitro experiments and simple physics and chemistry models to dissect the kinetics and energetics of the fusion process from the encounter of the two membranes to the full expansion of a fusion pore. We find three main energy barriers that oppose the fusion process: SNAREpin initiation, fusion pore opening, and expansion. SNAREpin initiation is inherent to the proteins and makes in vitro fusion kinetic experiments rather slow. The kinetics are physiologically accelerated by effectors. The energy barriers that precede pore opening and pore expansion can be overcome by several SNAREpins acting in concert.
Adaptive event‐triggered synchronization control for bilateral teleoperation system subjected to fixed‐time constraint
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Peter Xiaoping , Wang Huanqing 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe time‐constrained positional synchronization control problem for a class of bilateral teleoperation systems is investigated and a novel fixed‐time event‐triggered control scheme is developed. Different from existing methods, the controller is triggered in a nonperiodic manner, which reduces considerably the triggering frequency of control devices. This not only saves communication resource, but also extends the lifespan of system devices because of the reduction of switching times. The control settling time is further considered by introducing a fixed‐time stability theorem. Theoretical analysis as well as a simulation example verifies that the proposed control method can reduce remarkably the amount of control signals transmitted between the master and slave while ensuring that the system output tracking error converges to a small neighborhood close to zero within a fixed‐time frame.
In Vivo Performance of a Cell and Factor Free Multifunctional Fiber Mesh Modulating Postinfarct Myocardial Remodeling
Authors: Tung Wing Tai , Maring Janita A. , Xu Xun , Liu Yue , Becker Matthias , Somesh Dipthi Bachamanda , Klose Kristin , Wang Weiwei , Sun Xianlei , Ullah Imran , Kratz Karl , Neffe Axel T. , Stamm Christof , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGuidance of postinfarct myocardial remodeling processes by an epicardial patch system may alleviate the consequences of ischemic heart disease. As macrophages are highly relevant in balancing immune response and regenerative processes their suitable instruction would ensure therapeutic success. A polymeric mesh capable of attracting and instructing monocytes by purely physical cues and accelerating implant degradation at the cell/implant interface is designed. In a murine model for myocardial infarction the meshes are compared to those either coated with extracellular matrix or loaded with induced cardiomyocyte progenitor cells. All implants promote macrophage infiltration and polarization in the epicardium, which is verified by in vitro experiments. 6 weeks post‐MI, especially the implantation of the mesh attenuates left ventricular adverse remodeling processes as shown by reduced infarct size (14.7% vs 28–32%) and increased wall thickness (854 µm vs 400–600 µm), enhanced angiogenesis/arteriogenesis (more than 50% increase compared to controls and other groups), and improved heart function (ejection fraction = 36.8% compared to 12.7–31.3%). Upscaling as well as process controls is comprehensively considered in the presented mesh fabrication scheme to warrant further progression from bench to bedside.
Surface‐Driven Evolution of the Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi2Te4 Thin Films
Authors: Mazza Alessandro R. , Lapano Jason , MeyerIII Harry M. , Nelson Christopher T. , Smith Tyler , Pai Yun‐Yi , Noordhoek Kyle , Lawrie Benjamin J. , Charlton Timothy R. , Moore Robert G. , Ward T. Zac , Du Mao‐Hua , Eres Gyula , Brahlek Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of the interfacial modification to the functional properties of magnetic topological insulator thin films is crucial for developing novel technological applications from spintronics to quantum computing. Here, a large electronic and magnetic response is reported to be induced in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 by controlling the propagation of surface oxidation. It is shown that the formation of the surface oxide layer is confined to the top 1–2 unit cells but drives large changes in the overall magnetic response. Specifically, a dramatic reversal of the sign of the anomalous Hall effect is observed to be driven by finite thickness magnetism, which indicates that the film splits into distinct magnetic layers each with a unique electronic signature. These data reveal a delicate dependence of the overall magnetic and electronic response of MnBi2Te4 on the stoichiometry of the top layers. This study suggests that perturbations resulting from surface oxidation may play a non‐trivial role in the stabilization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in this system and that understanding targeted modifications to the surface may open new routes for engineering novel topological and magnetic responses in this fascinating material.
Breathable and Skin‐Conformal Electronics with Hybrid Integration of Microfabricated Multifunctional Sensors and Kirigami‐Structured Nanofibrous Substrates
Authors: Li Hegeng , Wang Zuochen , Sun Mingze , Zhu Hengjia , Liu Hongzhen , Tang Chuyang Y. , Xu Lizhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkin‐integrated soft electronics have attracted extensive research attention due to their potential utility for fitness monitoring, disease management, human–machine interfaces, and other applications. Although many materials and device components are explored for the construction of skin‐integrated systems, achieving multifunctional sensor platform combined with good breathability and conformability on the skin remains difficult. This challenge is partly due to the processing incompatibility between planar‐fabricated microelectronics and biocompatible porous substrates. Here, a fabrication strategy that can overcome this limitation, leading to large‐area multifunctional skin electronics with breathability and conformability required for wearable applications, is reported. In this scheme, a hybrid integration of high‐performance microfabricated sensors and nanofibrous soft substrates is made possible with stamp‐based transferring techniques combined with electrospinning. The resulting membrane devices exhibit tissue‐like mechanical properties with high permeability for vapor transport. In addition, kirigami structures can be introduced into these membranes, providing high stretchability and 3D conformability for large‐area integration on the skin. The multifunctional sensors array allow for spatiotemporal measurement of bioelectrical signals, temperature, skin hydration, and potentially many other physiological parameters. The robust performance and manufacturing scalability provided by these multifunctional skin electronics may create further opportunities for the development of advanced wearable systems.
Synergetic Effect of Alkali‐Site Substitution and Oxygen Vacancy Boosting Vanadate Cathode for Super‐Stable Potassium and Zinc Storage
Authors: Zhao Yunxiang , Liang Shuquan , Shi Xiaodong , Yang Yongqiang , Tang Yan , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLayer‐structured metal vanadates have attracted extensive attention as cathode materials due to multi‐electron redox reactions and versatile cations storage capability. Nevertheless, their actual promotion is still hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics and inferior phase transition upon repeated cations (de)intercalation. Here, large‐sized NH4+ is introduced into the K‐site of K0.43(NH4)0.12V2O5–δ to enable more kinetically favorable oxygen vacancies. The reinforced structure ensures complete solid‐solution phase transition and buffers the dramatic structural change upon potassium storage. The stable presence of NH4+ as pillars during cycling is also confirmed. Meanwhile, the oxygen vacancies induced by alkali‐site substitution can facilitate ion diffusion and enhance the electronic conductivity, as further demonstrated by theoretical calculations. Therefore, it exhibits a high capacity of 117.8 mA g−1 at 20 mA g−1 with smooth profiles and superior capacity retention of 92.5% after 800 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Such an effective synergetic strategy also promotes its zinc storage capability, which performs negligible self‐discharge behavior and retains a reversible capacity of 216.8 mAh g−1 after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This synergetic strategy may provide novel perspectives to develop layer‐structured cathode and facilitate its practical application in energy storage devices.
Enhancement of Hot Electron Generation in Colloidal Plasmonic Nanocrystals by Adsorption of Pt Clusters
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Kaiyu , Khan Majid , Hu Ningneng , Ni Weihai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface scattering of electrons is used to be recognized as a detrimental damping process of the plasmonic oscillation, whereas such electron‐surface scattering generates hot electrons (HEs) inside the metal nanocrystals, being of great significance in practical applications, i.e., photodetection or photocatalytic reactions. However, utilizing surface scattering in colloidal plasmonic nanocrystals in realistic catalytic reactions remains challenging. This work presents a systematic study on the HE rates of colloidal Au nanocrystals, including nanospheres, nanocubes, and nanorods, and their enhancement from the adsorption of Pt clusters. Au nanocubes exhibit the highest single particle‐averaged incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency among the three types of the nanocrystals. The Au nanocrystals are further adsorbed with Pt clusters, and the highest photocurrent enhancement by nearly one order of magnitude is observed. To explain the experimental observations, the contribution of the Pt adsorption to the plasmon damping is characterized by single‐particle dark‐field spectroscopy, and the HE rates are calculated by employing the finite‐element method. The overall significant enhancement of the photocurrent due to the Pt adsorption is finally explained by both electromagnetic and catalytic effects of the Pt clusters.
CF4 Plasma‐Generated LiF‐Li2C2 Artificial Layers for Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Cao Shengling , He Xin , Nie Lanlan , Hu Jianwei , Chen Manlin , Han Yu , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai , Zhou Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium metal anodes have long been considered as “holy grail” in the field of energy storage batteries, but dendrite growth and large volume changes hinder their practical applications. Herein, a facile and eco‐friendly CF4 plasma treatment is employed for the surface modification of Li anodes, and an artificial layer consisting of LiF and Li2C2 is fabricated for the first time. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the high adsorption energy of LiF and low Li+ diffusion barriers in Li2C2 induce uniform nucleation and planar growth of Li, guaranteeing a stable and dendrite‐free Li structure during the repeated plating/stripping process of cycling. Symmetric cells using CF4 plasma‐treated Li operate stably for more than 6500 h (at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2) or 950 h (at 1 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2). When paired with a LiFePO4 cathode, full batteries deliver a high reversible capacity of 136 mAh g−1 (at 1 C) with considerable cycling stability (97.2% capacity retention over 200 cycles) and rate performance (116 mAh g−1 up to 5 C). This powerful application of plasma technology toward novel LiF‐Li2C2 artificial layers provide new routes for constructing environment‐friendly and high‐performance energy storage devices.
Synthesis of AAB‐Stacked Single‐Crystal Graphene/hBN/Graphene Trilayer van der Waals Heterostructures by In Situ CVD
Authors: Tian Bo , Li Junzhu , Chen Mingguang , Dong Haocong , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstractvan der Waals heterostructures based on graphene and hBN layers with different stacking modes are receiving considerable attention because of their potential application in fundamental physics. However, conventional exfoliation fabrication methods and layer‐by‐layer transfer techniques have various limitations. The CVD synthesis of high‐quality large‐area graphene and hBN multilayer heterostructures is essential for the advancement of new physics. Herein, the authors propose an in situ CVD growth strategy for synthesizing wafer‐scale AAB‐stacked single‐crystal graphene/hBN/graphene trilayer van der Waals heterostructures. Single‐crystal CuNi(111) alloys are prepared on sapphire, followed by the pre‐dissolution of carbon atoms. Single‐crystal monolayer hBN is synthesized on a plasma‐cleaned CuNi(111) surface. Then, a single‐crystal monolayer graphene is epitaxially grown onto the hBN surface to form graphene/hBN bilayer heterostructures. A controlled decrease in the growth temperature allows the carbon atoms to precipitate out of the CuNi(111) alloy to form single‐crystal graphene at the interface between hBN and CuNi(111), thereby producing graphene/hBN/graphene trilayer van der Waals heterostructures. The stacking modes between as‐grown 2D layers are investigated through Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This study provides an in situ CVD approach to directly synthesize large‐scale single‐crystal low‐dimensional van der Waals heterostructures and facilitates their application in future 2D‐material‐based integrated circuits.