bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of outpatients with functional somatic syndromes at a university hospital's general medicine clinic
Authors: Nishiyama Junji , Abe Tetsuya , Imaizumi Sumito , Yamane Akira , Fukunaga Mikihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe term medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is unhelpful for both patients and physicians, and more acceptable illness categories are needed as substitutes for MUS. While some potential substitutes are characterized by excessive psychological burden related to somatic symptoms, “functional somatic syndromes” (FSS) is a category that focuses on physical dysfunction and emphasizes similarities among individual syndromes. Examples of FSS include irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and fibromyalgia syndrome. This study aimed to distinguish FSS from MUS and compare the somatic and psychobehavioral characteristics of FSS with those of other diseases.MethodsThis study included 1975 first‐visit outpatients at a Japanese university hospital's general medicine clinic. According to their first‐listed diagnosis, they were classified as having FSS, acute infection, organic disease (OD), psychiatric disorder, and unknown condition (UC). The somatic symptom burden and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed using the Somatic Symptom Scale‐8 and EuroQol‐5 Dimension, respectively; the involvement of psychobehavioral factors affecting somatic symptoms was also evaluated.ResultsOverall, 33% of patients were included in the FSS category, and 93% of the supposed MUS (FSS and UC) were diagnosed with FSS. Compared with OD, FSS showed more severe somatic symptom burden, similar reduced HRQoL, and higher involvement of psychobehavioral factors.ConclusionIt can be useful to improve FSS diagnostic skills for the reduction of MUS misdiagnosis. Psychobehavioral factors might be less associated with MUS (in the narrow sense of the term) than FSS.
Endoscopic features of colorectal lymphoma according to histological type
Authors: Yachida Tatsuo , Matsuda Takahisa , Sakamoto Taku , Nakajima Takeshi , Kakugawa Yasuo , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Kushima Ryoji , Tobinai Kensei , Kobara Hideki , Masugata Hisashi , Masaki Tsutomu , Saito Yutaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the histological type of colorectal lymphoma and its endoscopic features.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with primary colorectal lymphoma who were diagnosed using colonoscopy and biopsy specimens at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The lesions were macroscopically classified into the following types via colonoscopy: polypoid, ulcerative, multiple lymphomatous polyposis, diffuse, and mixed.ResultsA total of 117 lesions were identified in 90 patients enrolled in this study. Of these, 59 (50%) were located in the ileocecal region, 23 (20%) in the rectum, 9 (8%) in the transverse colon, 8 (7%) in the sigmoid colon, 7 (6%) in the descending colon, and 4 (3%) in the ascending colon. Moreover, the most common histological subtypes were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 39 patients (43%) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in 23 patients (26%), followed by follicular lymphoma (FL; 17%), mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (9%), peripheral T‐cell lymphoma‐NOS (2%), monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (MEITL; 2%), and Burkitt lymphoma (1%). More than half of the DLBCL (52%), MCL (52%), and MALT (56%) lymphomas were macroscopically classified as polypoid types. In contrast, FL lesions showed various macroscopic types. The majority of DLBCL (62%) and FL (78%) lesions were distributed in the ileocecal region. MCL lesions tended to be widely spread in various sites of the large intestine.ConclusionsColorectal lymphomas showed macroscopically distinctive features depending on the histological type. Understanding the macroscopic classification of the lesions by colonoscopy and its distribution may be helpful in diagnosing the type of lymphoma and determining the malignant grade based on the histological types.
Multicolor list Ramsey numbers grow exponentially
Authors: Fox Jacob , He Xiaoyu , Luo Sammy , Xu Max Wenqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe list Ramsey number , recently introduced by Alon, Bucić, Kalvari, Kuperwasser, and Szabó, is a list‐coloring variant of the classical Ramsey number. They showed that if is a fixed ‐uniform hypergraph that is not ‐partite and the number of colors goes to infinity, . We prove that if and only if is not ‐partite.
Is the value added tax reform a source of food insecurity and food poverty? The Burkina Faso case
Authors: Mamboundou Pierre N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo finance its ambitious development programme, Burkina Faso aims to pass tax reforms by introducing a minimum value added tax (VAT) of 5% on agricultural goods and increasing VAT on water and electricity to 18%. In a country where nearly 10% of the population is food insecure, this reform could worsen the situation. We built a dynamic and recursive computable general equilibrium model with microsimulation to evaluate the effects of these tax reforms on poverty and food security. Results show that both proposed VAT changes lead to increased poverty and food insecurity, especially with the minimum VAT on agricultural products.
Chemical kinetics of hexamethyldisiloxane pyrolysis: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Chen Yugong , Chen Hao , Wang Jianxiang , Huang Yaosong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pyrolysis kinetics of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) at various temperatures was studied using the reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations. Reaction rate constants and the main pyrolysis pathways were explored at the initial decomposition stage of HMDSO and intermediates decomposition stage. The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor describing the reaction rate constants were obtained and further validated by experimental data and DFT theoretical calculations. The formation of C5H15OSi2 fragment by Si–C bond dissociation was dominant at the initial decomposition stage of HMDSO at the simulation temperatures of 2500–4000 K. The subsequent reaction pathways involved the formation of C5H14OSi2 and C4H11OSi2. After that, the pathways were different for 2500 and 3000 K. At 4000 K, small silicon‐containing fragments were formed, including CH3Si, CH4Si, and C3H9Si, etc. The simulations also revealed that the major hydrocarbons generated during HMDSO pyrolysis were CH3 and CH4. Also, CH4 formation was more important in the end of HMDSO pyrolysis when simulation temperature was over 3500 K.
Development and implementation experience of a learning healthcare system for facility based newborn care in low resource settings: The Neotree
Authors: Heys Michelle , Kesler Erin , Sassoon Yali , Wilson Emma , Fitzgerald Felicity , Gannon Hannah , Hull‐Bailey Tim , Chimhini Gwendoline , Khan Nushrat , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Nkhoma Deliwe , Chiyaka Tarisai , Stevenson Alex , Crehan Caroline , Chiume Msandeni Esther , Chimhuya Simbarashe ,   the Neotree Team
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionImproving peri‐ and postnatal facility‐based care in low‐resource settings (LRS) could save over 6000 babies' lives per day. Most of the annual 2.4 million neonatal deaths and 2 million stillbirths occur in healthcare facilities in LRS and are preventable through the implementation of cost‐effective, simple, evidence‐based interventions. However, their implementation is challenging in healthcare systems where one in four babies admitted to neonatal units die. In high‐resource settings healthcare systems strengthening is increasingly delivered via learning healthcare systems to optimise care quality, but this approach is rare in LRS.MethodsSince 2014 we have worked in Bangladesh, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and the UK to co‐develop and pilot the Neotree system: an android application with accompanying data visualisation, linkage, and export. Its low‐cost hardware and state‐of‐the‐art software are used to support healthcare professionals to improve postnatal care at the bedside and to provide insights into population health trends. Here we summarise the formative conceptualisation, development, and preliminary implementation experience of the Neotree.ResultsData thus far from ~18 000 babies, 400 healthcare professionals in four hospitals (two in Zimbabwe, two in Malawi) show high acceptability, feasibility, usability, and improvements in healthcare professionals' ability to deliver newborn care. The data also highlight gaps in knowledge in newborn care and quality improvement. Implementation has been resilient and informative during external crises, for example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We have demonstrated evidence of improvements in clinical care and use of data for Quality Improvement (QI) projects.ConclusionHuman‐centred digital development of a QI system for newborn care has demonstrated the potential of a sustainable learning healthcare system to improve newborn care and outcomes in LRS. Pilot implementation evaluation is ongoing in three of the four aforementioned hospitals (two in Zimbabwe and one in Malawi) and a larger scale clinical cost effectiveness trial is planned.
Diabetes, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Neuroaxonal Damage in Parkinson's Disease (MARK‐PD Study)
Authors: Uyar Merve , Lezius Susanne , Buhmann Carsten , Pötter‐Nerger Monika , Schulz Robert , Meier Stephanie , Gerloff Christian , Kuhle Jens , Choe Chi‐un 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetes is associated with incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels have been linked with motor function and progression.ObjectivesWe evaluated the relationship between prevalent diabetes and HbA1c levels with serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels as marker of neuroaxonal damage.MethodsNfL concentrations were analyzed with Simoa in serum of 195 PD patients with available HbA1c values. Motor (MDS‐UPDRS III, Hoehn & Yahr [H&Y]) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) function was assessed and vascular comorbidities were documented from medical records.ResultsPD patients with prevalent diabetes had higher serum NfL levels and lower MoCA scores independent of age, body mass index (BMI), and vascular risk factors. Furthermore, diabetes was associated with higher H&Y stages in unadjusted and age/BMI‐adjusted models. Higher HbA1c levels were associated with increased NfL in unadjusted and age/BMI‐adjusted models.ConclusionsIn PD patients, diabetes and high HbA1c are associated with increased neuroaxonal damage and cognitive impairment. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Tyrosol Ameliorates the Symptoms of Obesity, Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis, and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in HFD Fed Mice
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Wei Teng , Li Jingfang , Yuan Yuan , Wu Min , Chen Fang , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Luo Ting 
Published: April 2022

ScopeTyrosol is one of the main polyphenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its role in combating obesity is unknown. Thus, this study is designed to investigate the effect of tyrosol consumption on obesity and its underlying mechanisms in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced mice.Methods and resultsAfter supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) tyrosol for 16 weeks, the final body weight, and the levels of plasma triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting glucose are significantly decreased when compared with HFD group. Furthermore, tyrosol may act as a ligand which binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2), PPAR‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPARα which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, are significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after tyrosol administration. In addition, tyrosol changes the community composition of gut microbiota, including decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and increasing the relative abundance of family muribaculaceae, genus Blautia and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_28_4.ConclusionTyrosol consumption attenuates obesity and related symptoms in HFD‐fed mice probably via the modulation of PPARα‐thermogenesis and gut microbiota.
Nuclear receptor coactivator‐6 is essential for the morphological change of human uterine stromal cell decidualization via regulating actin fiber reorganization
Authors: Watanabe Norikazu , Kawagoe Jun , Sugiyama Akiko , Takehara Isao , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Nagase Satoru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNuclear receptor coactivator 6 (Ncoa6), a modulator of several nuclear receptors and transcription factors, is essential for the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in mice. However, the function of Ncoa6 in the human endometrium remains unclear. We investigated its function in the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) isolated from resected uteri. Knockdown of Ncoa6 was performed using two independent small interfering RNAs. Decidualization was induced in vitro via medroxyprogesterone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We compared decidualized cellular morphology between the Ncoa6 knockdown cells and control cells. Messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing was performed to determine the Ncoa6 target genes in undecidualized HESCs. We found that the knockdown of Ncoa6 caused the failure of morphological changes in decidualized HESCs compared to that in the control cells. mRNA sequencing revealed that Ncoa6 regulates the expression of genes associated with the regulation of actin fibers. Ncoa6 knockdown cells failed to reorganize actin fibers during the decidualization of HESCs. Ncoa6 was shown to play an essential role in decidualization via the appropriate regulation of actin fiber regulation in HESCs. Herein, our in vitro studies revealed a part of the mechanisms involved in endometrial decidualization. Future research is needed to investigate these mechanisms in women with implantation defects.
The psychological impact of Behçet's disease
Authors: El Hasbani Georges , Uthman Imad , Jawad Sudad , Jawad Ali S. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBechet's disease (BD), a chronic multiorgan involving disease, has a significant impact on quality of life in spite of effective treatment modalities. Disease manifestations such as arthritis, orogenital ulcerations, rashes, angiitis, and neurological involvement affect health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) through its impact on depression, anxiety, and fatigue.ObjectivesWe aimed explore the psychological impact of BD, taking into consideration the effect on the HRQoL, as well as the association with depression, anxiety, wellbeing, and fatigue.MethodsThis is a narrative review of the literature that looks into the association of BD on the HRQoL including all studies that have assessed such as association.Results/FindingsDepression and anxiety are prevalent among patients with BD, and contribute significantly to fatigue, a common symptom among BD patients. In addition, the psychological wellbeing is affected by the disease, however, more studies are needed to assess this relationship.ConclusionDepression and anxiety are strongly associated with BD, and contribute significantly to fatigue, a common symptom among BD patients. In addition, the psychological wellbeing is affected by the disease, however, more studies are needed to assess this relationship. Besides, the controlling factors of the psychological impact are still to be deciphered.
Acute high‐intensity interval exercise attenuates incubation of craving for foods high in fat
Authors: Kirkpatrick Georgia E. , Dingess Paige M. , Aadland Jake A. , Brown Travis E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveFood‐seeking behaviors can be driven by food‐associated cues, and palatable food seeking in response to food cues is a risk factor for obesity development. Cue‐induced food seeking increases following a period of abstinence, a behavioral phenomenon known as “incubation of craving,” which may contribute to an individual’s difficulty abstaining from palatable foods. Pharmacological and environmental manipulations have been employed to try and reduce incubation of craving, albeit primarily in drug abuse paradigms. The goal of this study was to determine whether forced exercise can attenuate incubation of high‐fat food craving.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats learned to self‐administer high‐fat pellets (60%) in combination with a compound cue (light + tone). The influence of high‐intensity interval exercise on the time‐dependent increase in cue‐induced lever responding was investigated 30 days after the first cue test.ResultsRats exposed to exercise during abstinence did not express incubation of craving.ConclusionsThe results suggest that high‐intensity exercise can prevent the establishment of incubation of craving for foods high in fat and may reduce cue‐induced maladaptive food‐seeking behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity.
Preparation of porous starch from native starch by using fungal amylase and evaluation of its adsorption property on natural pharmacodynamic compounds
Authors: Qian Junqing , Yang Haiyan , Mo Chenghong , Chen Yan , Zhao Changyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to the reliable safety of starch, it has a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical fields and food sectors. Enzymatic preparation of porous starch can better maintain the properties of starch and expand its applications, which indicates that the research on starch is worthwhile. According to the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio and the morphology of starch particles, the technological method was determined by using unpretreated corn starch as raw material and the fungal amylase as hydrolysis amylase. Then the technological conditions for preparing corn porous starch through enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized by single factor experiment. The morphology of porous starch was obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The infrared spectrum (FTIR) showed that the porous starch had a same molecular structure compared with native starch. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) displayed that the crystal structure of porous starch was quite consistent with the native starch. The study on adsorption properties of porous starch for natural pharmacodynamic compounds genistein exhibited that the adsorption behaviors of porous starch were found to conform well to the Freundlich model and the pseudo‐first‐order model. Besides, the release assay demonstrated that the genistein which was incorporated into porous starch possessed superior sustained release effect. The porous starch obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis had ideal adsorption properties for natural pharmacodynamic compounds and is valuable as a drug carrier material.
Antibiotic use in children before, during and after hospitalisation
Authors: Thaulow Christian Magnus , Blix Hege Salvesen , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Eriksen Beate Horsberg , Wathne Jannicke Slettli , Berild Dag , Harthug Stig 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate ambulatory antibiotic use in children during 1 year before and 1 year after in‐hospital antibiotic exposure compared to children from the general population that had not received antibiotics in‐hospital.MethodsExplorative data‐linkage cohort study from Norway of children aged 3 months to 17 years. One group had received antibiotics in‐Hospital (H+), and one group had not received antibiotics in‐hospital (H‐). The H+ group was recruited during admission in 2017. Using the Norwegian Population Registry, 10 children from the H‐ group were matched with one child from the H+ group according to county of residence, age and sex. We used the Norwegian Prescription Database to register antibiotic use 1 year before and 1 year after the month of hospitalisation.ResultsOf 187 children in the H+ group, 83 (44%) received antibiotics before hospitalisation compared to 288/1870 (15%) in the H‐ group, relative risk (RR) 2.88 (95% confidence interval 2.38–3.49). After hospitalisation, 86 (46%) received antibiotics in the H+ group compared to 311 (17%) in the H‐ group, RR 2.77 (2.30–3.33). Comorbidity‐adjusted RR was 2.30 (1.84–2.86) before and 2.25 (1.81–2.79) after hospitalisation. RR after hospitalisation was 2.55 (1.99–3.26) in children 3 months‐2 years, 4.03 (2.84–5.71) in children 3–12 years and 2.07 (1.33–3.20) in children 13–17 years.ConclusionsChildren exposed to antibiotics in‐hospital had two to three times higher risk of receiving antibiotics in ambulatory care both before and after hospitalisation. The link between in‐hospital and ambulatory antibiotic exposure should be emphasised in future antibiotic stewardship programs.
Superior EMI shielding effectiveness with enhanced electrical conductivity at low percolation threshold of flexible novel ethylene methyl acrylate/single‐walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Sit Subhashis , Chakraborty Goutam , Das Narayan Chandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rising trend of electromagnetic pollution has motivated us to develop a novel electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) material by adopting a facile, industry viable, and cost‐effective solution mixing strategy. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as conductive fillers is employed in a lightweight, highly flexible ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) polymer to fabricate the superior electrically conductive and efficient EMI shielding material at a relatively lower percolation threshold limit compared to other carbonaceous fillers has been justified by their morphological characterization. The electrical conductive network formation is attained at just 1.96 wt% of SWCNT loading resulting in more than 20 dB of EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) dominated by absorption mechanism to fulfill the industrial requirement along with excellent mechanical properties improvement, and the highest SE is 45 dB at 15 wt% of reinforcement facilitating their potential use in both industry and academia.