bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and attitudes toward premarital sexual permissiveness among middle school students in Luzhou, China
Authors: Rong Zhang , Wen Zhang , Maoxu Liao , Ya Liu , Song Fan , Hui Wei , Xiaozhen Tan , Yunli Ye 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the number of adolescents engaging in premarital sex has increased, and an increasing number of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases have been reported in China. Many studies have indicated that CSA has a well-established association with risky sexual activities. However, only a limited number of studies have explored possible reasons for this association among middle school students, a population that may engage in premarital sex, which is critical for the development of interventions to prevent risky sexual behavior. Based on random samples of middle school students from a Chinese city, this article investigated the relationship between CSA and students’ premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP).

Methods
In a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Luzhou, China, 2292 middle school and high school students aged 12–18 years were recruited by multistage random sampling. All students were administered anonymous questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between CSA and PSP.

Results
The prevalence of CSA was 15.4% (354/2292; 95% CI: 14–16.9%). A higher percentage of male respondents (18.2%) than female respondents (12.9%) had experienced CSA. A positive association between CSA and PSP was found among students. Respondents who had suffered CSA exhibited greater PSP, and this relationship was observed in the male sample, female sample and the total student sample in Luzhou (β = − 3.76, P < 0.05; β = − 2.79, P < 0.05; and β = − 2.84, P < 0.05, respectively). Respondents who had suffered CSA were also more likely to express a double standard about premarital sex (odds ratio [OR] =1.41, P < 0.05), especially among male students (odds ratio [OR] =1.63, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Sex differences in CSA and the relationship between CSA and PSP were significant among this large sample of middle school students in Luzhou (China). The findings suggest that experiencing CSA may be closely related to youth attitudes toward premarital sex, especially among males. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the prevention of CSA and provide adolescent reproductive health programs to reduce the impact of CSA on sexual cognition and attitude, prevent premarital sex and promote positive attitudes toward sexual equality for middle school students.
Discussing patient preferences for levels of life-sustaining treatment: development and pilot testing of a Danish POLST form
Authors: Tuesen Lone Doris , Bülow Hans-Henrik , Ågård Anne Sophie , Strøm Sverre Mainz , Fromme Erik , Jensen Hanne Irene 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Medically frail and/or chronically ill patients are often admitted to Danish hospitals without documentation of patient preferences. This may lead to inappropriate care. Modelled on the American Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form, the purpose of the study was to develop and pilot test a Danish POLST form to ensure that patients’ preferences for levels of life-sustaining treatment are known and documented.

Methods
The study was a mixed methods study. In the initial phase, a Danish POLST form was developed on the basis of literature and recommendations from the National POLST organisation in the US. A pilot test of the Danish POLST form was conducted in hospital wards, general practitioners’ clinics, and nursing homes. Patients were eligible for inclusion if death was assessed as likely within 12 months. The patient and his/her physician engaged in a conversation where patient values, beliefs, goals for care, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment alternatives were discussed. The POLST form was completed based on the patient’s values and preferences. Family members and/or nursing staff could participate. Participants’ assessments of the POLST form were evaluated using questionnaires, and in-depth interviews were conducted to explore experiences with the POLST form and the conversation.

Results
In total, 25 patients participated, 45 questionnaires were completed and 14 interviews were conducted. Most participants found the POLST form readable and understandable, and 93% found the POLST form usable to a high or very high degree for discussing preferences regarding life-sustaining treatment. Three themes emerged from the interviews: (a) an understandable document is essential for the conversation, (b) handling and discussing wishes, and (c) significance for the future.

Conclusion
The Danish version of the POLST form is assessed by patients, families, physicians, and nurses as a useful model for obtaining and documenting Danish patients’ preferences for life-sustaining treatment. However, this needs to be confirmed in a larger-scale study.
Magnitude of infertility and associated factors among women attending selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akalewold Mekdes , Yohannes Getachew W. , Abdo Ziyad Ahmed , Hailu Yonas , Negesse Aynye 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 48 million couples and 186 million people are infertile worldwide. Although the problem of infertility is increasing worldwide, as well as in Ethiopia, there are limited studies done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude of infertility and the major risk factors in three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. The participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at a P < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95% CI.

Result
The overall prevalence of infertility was 27.6% (95%CI = 23.2, 32.0). Of these, 14.4% had primary infertility, and 13.2% had secondary infertility. Those whose duration of marriage was less than 60 months [AOR = 3.85; 95%CI 1.39, 10.64], had a history of fallopian tube obstructions [AOR = 8.27; 95%CI 2.36, 28.91], had irregular frequency of coitus [AOR = 37.4; 95%CI 11.29, 124.114], had more than one sex partner [AOR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.64, 7.54], had an abortion greater than 3 times [AOR = 6.89; 95%CI 1.28, 37.09], and had partners who currently consumed alcohol [AOR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.11, 1.86] were more likely to be infertile than their counterparts.

Conclusion
According to the results of this study, the prevalence of infertility was high compared to the global estimate of the World Health Organization. The government, health care providers, and researchers should emphasize developing appropriate strategies, research, education, and awareness creation of infertility and its potential causes.
Research, development, and evaluation of the practical effect of a storage inflow and outflow management system for consumables in the endocrinology department of a hospital
Authors: Luo Jiang , Wang Yan , Zhang Yongze , Yan Xiaofang , Huang Xiaoting , Zhao Fengying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study was designed for the research and development (R&D) and application of a storage inflow and outflow management system enabling departments to perform efficient, scientific, and information-based consumable management.

Methods
In the endocrinology department of a hospital, expert and R&D teams in consumable management were set up, and an information-based storage inflow and outflow management system for consumables was designed and developed. The system was operated on a personal computer and was divided into three modules: public consumables, bed consumables, and quality control management. The functions of the system included storage inflow and outflow, early warnings, response to user queries, and statistics on consumables. Data were derived from the hospital information system (HIS,ZHIY SOFTWARE HIS VERSION4.0) and a questionnaire survey. Economic indicators, work efficiency of consumable management, nurse burnout, consumable stockroom management, and staff satisfaction were compared under manual management, Excel-based management, and the consumable storage inflow and outflow management system. The results of the questionnaire were analysed using the R software, version 4.1.0.

Results
Dates were obtained from manual management, Excel-based management and the consumable storage inflow and outflow management system. Under these three methods, the daily prices of department consumables per bed were 53.43 ± 10.27 yuan, 38.65 ± 8.56 yuan, and 31.98 ± 7.36 yuan, respectively, indicating that the new management system reduced costs for the department. The time spent daily on consumable management was shortened from 119.5 (106.75, 123.5) min to 56.5 (48.5, 60.75) to 20 (17.25, 24.25) min. Nurses’ emotional fatigue and job indifference scores, respectively, decreased from 22.90 ± 1.65 and 8.75 ± 1.25 under manual management to 19.70 ± 1.72 and 6.90 ± 1.37 under Excel-based management and to 17.20 ± 2.04 and 6.00 ± 1.30 under the novel system; the satisfaction of the warehouse keeper and collection staff, respectively, increased from 76.62% and 80.78% to 91.6% and 90.5% to 98.8% and 98.5% under the three successive systems.

Conclusions
The storage inflow and outflow management system achieved produced good results in the storage and classification of consumables.
Notch4 mediates vascular remodeling via ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathways in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Guo Mingzhou , Zhang Mengzhe , Cao Xiaopei , Fang Xiaoyu , Li Ke , Qin Lu , He Yuanzhou , Zhao Jianping , Xu Yongjian , Liu Xiansheng , Li Xiaochen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a chronic progressive advanced disorder pathologically characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Notch4 as a cell surface receptor is critical for vascular development. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of Notch4 in the development of hypoxic vascular remodeling.

Methods
Lung tissue samples were collected to detect the expression of Notch4 from patients with HPH and matched controls. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were cultured in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein levels of Notch4. HPASMCs were transfected with small interference RNA (siRNA) against Notch4 or Notch4 overexpression plasmid, respectively. Cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, Edu, Annexin-V/PI, and Transwell assay. The interaction between Notch4 and ERK, JNK, P38 MAPK were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Adeno-associated virus 1-mediated siRNA against Notch4 (AAV1-si-Notch4) was injected into the airways of hypoxic rats. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were evaluated.

Results
In this study, we demonstrate that Notch4 is highly expressed in the media of pulmonary vascular and is upregulated in lung tissues from patients with HPH and HPH rats compared with control groups. In vitro, hypoxia induces the high expression of Delta-4 and Notch4 in HPASMCs. The increased expression of Notch4 promotes HPASMCs proliferation and migration and inhibits cells apoptosis via ERK, JNK, P38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation result elucidates the interaction between Notch4 and ERK/JNK/P38. In vivo, silencing Notch4 partly abolished the increase in RVSP and pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by hypoxia in HPH rats.

Conclusions
These findings reveal an important role of the Notch4-ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK axis in hypoxic pulmonary remodeling and provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with HPH.
Short-term starvation synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of Niraparib via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Zhi Wang , Li Suting , Wan Yuting , Wu Fuwen , Hong Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Short-term starvation (STS) has gradually been confirmed as a treatment method that synergistically enhances the effect of chemotherapy on malignant tumours. In clinical applications, there are still some limitations of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), including understanding their effectiveness and side effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effect and mechanism of the combined use of STS and niraparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Methods
In in vitro experiments, SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells were treated with STS and niraparib alone or in combination. Cell viability was assessed with CCK-8, and cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and autophagy were examined to explore the molecular mechanisms. Akt and mTOR inhibitors were used to examine any changes in DNA damage repair levels. Xenograft animal models were treated with STS and niraparib, and HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the effects.

Results
The combined use of STS and niraparib inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis more than niraparib application alone. In addition, compared with the niraparib group, the STS + niraparib group had increased G2/M arrest, DNA damage and autophagy, which indicated that STS pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In animal experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In in vivo experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib and reduced the small intestinal side effects caused by niraparib chemotherapy.

Conclusion
STS pretreatment can synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of niraparib. STS + niraparib is a potentially effective strategy in the maintenance therapy of ovarian cancer.
PTBP3 regulates proliferation of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells via CDC25A‐mediated cell cycle progression
Authors: Chen Yingji , Ji Ying , Liu Suo , Liu Yicai , Feng Wei , Jin Longyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The roles of Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) in regulating lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cells progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PTBP3 in LUSC.

Methods
Expression and survival analysis of PTBP3 was firstly investigated using TCGA datasets. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot were performed to detect PTBP3 expression in clinical samples. Moreover, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays and in vivo tumor formation assays were used to examine the effects of PTBP3 on LUSC cell proliferation. RNA-sequence and analysis explores pathways regulated by PTBP3.Flow cytology was used analyzed cell cycle. Cell cycle-related markers were analyzed by Western blot.

Results
PTBP3 was found to be overexpressed in LUSC tissues compared with normal tissues. High PTBP3 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro and vivo experiments demonstrated that PTBP3 knockdown caused a significant decrease in the proliferation rate of cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PTBP3 involved in cell cycle pathway regulation in LUSC. Furthermore, PTBP3 knockdown arrested cell cycle progression at S phase via decreasing CDK2/Cyclin A2 complex. In addition, downregulation of PTBP3 significantly decreased the expression of CDC25A.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that PTBP3 regulated LUSC cell proliferation via cell cycle and might be a potential target for molecular therapy of LUSC.
Comparative efficacy of two pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide nets (Olyset Plus and PermaNet 3.0) against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors: a non-inferiority assessment
Authors: Ngufor Corine , Fagbohoun Josias , Agbevo Abel , Ismail Hanafy , Challenger Joseph D. , Churcher Thomas S. , Rowland Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Pyrethroid-PBO nets were conditionally recommended for control of malaria transmitted by mosquitoes with oxidase-based pyrethroid-resistance based on epidemiological evidence of additional protective effect with Olyset Plus compared to a pyrethroid-only net (Olyset Net). Entomological studies can be used to assess the comparative performance of other brands of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs to Olyset Plus.

Methods
An experimental hut trial was performed in Cové, Benin to compare PermaNet 3.0 (deltamethrin plus PBO on roof panel only) to Olyset Plus (permethrin plus PBO on all panels) against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Both nets were tested unwashed and after 20 standardized washes compared to Olyset Net. Laboratory bioassays were also performed to help explain findings in the experimental huts.

Results
With unwashed nets, mosquito mortality was higher in huts with PermaNet 3.0 compared to Olyset Plus (41% vs. 28%, P < 0.001). After 20 washes, mortality declined significantly with PermaNet 3.0 (41% unwashed vs. 17% after washing P < 0.001), but not with Olyset Plus (28% unwashed vs. 24% after washing P = 0.433); Olyset Plus induced significantly higher mortality than PermaNet 3.0 and Olyset Net after 20 washes. PermaNet 3.0 showed a higher wash retention of PBO compared to Olyset Plus. A non-inferiority analysis performed with data from unwashed and washed nets together using a margin recommended by the WHO, showed that PermaNet 3.0 was non-inferior to Olyset Plus in terms of mosquito mortality (25% with Olyset Plus vs. 27% with PermaNet 3.0, OR = 1.528, 95%CI = 1.02–2.29) but not in reducing mosquito feeding (25% with Olyset Plus vs. 30% with PermaNet 3.0, OR = 1.192, 95%CI = 0.77–1.84). Both pyrethroid-PBO nets were superior to Olyset Net.

Conclusion
Olyset Plus outperformed PermaNet 3.0 in terms of its ability to cause greater margins of improved mosquito mortality compared to a standard pyrethroid net, after multiple standardized washes. However, using a margin of non-inferiority defined by the WHO, PermaNet 3.0 was non-inferior to Olyset Plus in inducing mosquito mortality. Considering the low levels of mortality observed and increasing pyrethroid-resistance in West Africa, it is unclear whether either of these nets would demonstrate the same epidemiological impact observed in community trials in East Africa.
The global burden and attributable risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Yao Yiyi , Lin Xiangjie , Li Fenglin , Jin Jie , Wang Huafeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent subtype of leukemia in Western countries, causing a substantial health burden on patients and society. Comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiological characteristics of CLL is warranted, especially in the current context of global population aging. The main objective of this study is evaluating the disease burden of CLL at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. As secondary objectives, we studied the influence of demographic factors and performed risk factor analysis. We hope this study could provide evidence for the evaluation of the effectiveness of previous prevention strategies and the formulation of future global health policies.

Results
Based on data of CLL between 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we depicted the age, gender, and regional structure of the CLL burden population and described the impact of social development on the disease burden of CLL. The distribution and changing trends of attributable risk factors were also investigated. The global burden of CLL has increased dramatically. A high incidence has been achieved in males and elder people. Countries and territories with high social-demographic index (SDI) tended to have higher global burden than low-SDI region. Of risk factors, high body mass index and smoking were the major contributors for CLL-related mortality and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs).

Conclusion
In summary, the global CLL burden continues to rise over the past 30 years. The relocation of medical resource should be considered on a global scale.

Graphical Abstract
Functionalization of screw implants with superelastic structured Nitinol anchoring elements
Authors: Hamann Isabell , Schleifenbaum Stefan , Rotsch Christian , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Leimert Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDemographic change is leading to an increase in the number of osteoporotic patients, so a rethink is required in implantology in order to be able to guarantee adequate anchoring stability in the bone. The functional modification of conventional standard screw implants using superelastic, structured Ti6Al4V anchoring elements promises great potential for increasing anchoring stability.MethodsFor this purpose, conventional screw implants were mechanically machined and extended so that structured-superelastic-positionable-Ti6Al4V anchoring elements could be used. The novel implants were investigated with three tests. The setup of the anchoring elements was investigated in CT studies in an artificial bone. In a subsequent simplified handling test, the handling of the functional samples was evaluated under surgical conditions. The anchorage stability compared to standard screw implants was investigated in a final pullout test according to ASTM F543—the international for the standard specification and test methods for metallic medical bone screws.ResultsThe functionalization of conventional screw implants with structured superelastic Ti6Al4V anchoring elements is technically realizable. It was demonstrated that the anchoring elements can be set up in the artificial bone without any problems. The anchorage mechanism is easy to handle under operating conditions. The first simplified handling test showed that at the current point of the investigations, the anchoring elements have no negative influence on the surgical procedure (especially under the focus of screw implantation). Compared to conventional standard screws, more mechanical work is required to remove the functional patterns completely from the bone.ConclusionIn summary, it was shown that conventional standard screw implants can be functionalized with Ti6Al4V-structured NiTi anchoring elements and the new type of screws are suitable for orthopedic and neurosurgical use. A first biomechanical test showed that the anchoring stability could be increased by the anchoring elements.