bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing of Condensable Constituents with H–He during the Formation and Evolution of Jupiter
Authors: Stevenson David J. , Bodenheimer Peter , Lissauer Jack J. , D’Angelo Gennaro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Simulations of Jupiter's formation are presented that incorporate mixing of H–He with denser material entering the planet as solids. Heavy compounds and gas mix substantially when the planet becomes roughly as massive as Earth, because incoming planetesimals can fully vaporize. Supersaturation of vaporized silicates causes the excess to sink as droplets, but water remains at higher altitudes. Because the mean molecular weight decreases rapidly outward, some of the compositional inhomogeneities produced during formation can survive for billions of years. After 4.57 Gyr, our Jupiter model retains compositional gradients; proceeding outward, one finds (i) an inner heavy-element core, the outer part derived from hot supersaturated rain-out; (ii) a composition-gradient region, containing most of the heavy elements, where H–He abundance increases outward, reaching about 0.9 mass fraction at 0.3 of the radius, with silicates enhanced relative to water in the lower parts and depleted in the upper parts; (iii) a uniform-composition region (neglecting He immiscibility) that is enriched over protosolar and contains most of the planet’s mass; and (iv) an outer region where cloud formation (condensation) of heavy constituents occurs. This radial compositional profile has heavy elements more broadly distributed than predicted by classical formation models but less diluted than suggested by Juno-constrained gravity models. The compositional gradients in the region containing the bulk of the heavy elements prevent convection, in both our models and those fitting current gravity, resulting in a hot interior where much of the accretion energy remains trapped.
Fine-scale abundance of rocky shore macroalgae species with distribution limits in NW Iberia in 2020/2021
Authors: Pereira Joana , Monteiro Catia , Seabra Rui , Lima Fernando 
Published: April 2022

Climate change has been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the last decades. Global warming has been causing a variety of impacts in marine ecosystems, including shifts in the geographical ranges of species. The north-western Iberian Peninsula coast is particularly interesting to study distribution shifts as it features a strong latitude thermal gradient, establishing a biogeographical transitional region where several cold- and warm-adapted species have their equatorward or poleward distributions. In the early 2000s, it appeared that, while warm-water species were already responding to warming, cold-water species did not display a coherent response. It is now necessary to gather up-to-date data on the distribution of the same group of species to understand if current patterns of change confirm or deny those observed back then, which may give us important clues about the mechanisms setting species limits in the area.
This study provides a fine-scale description of the occurrence of intertidal macroalgae species in the rocky shores of the north-western Iberian coast. Specifically, the spatial distribution and semi-quantitative abundance of 34 native and invasive species were assessed at 70 wave-exposed locations. This included 19 species of cold-water affinity, 10 species of warm-water affinity and five neutral species. When contrasted with historical observations, these new data can be used to quantify and map biodiversity change in the region, as well as help understanding the mechanisms constraining species distributions.
Characterization of Altered Gene Expression and Histone Methylation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Regulating Inflammation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yang Xiaoming , Rutkovsky Alex C , Zhou Juhua , Zhong Yin , Reese Julian , Schnell Timothy , Albrecht Helmut , Owens William B , Nagarkatti Prakash S , Nagarkatti Mitzi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused &gt;5 million deaths in the world. One of the leading causes of the severe form of COVID-19 is the production of massive amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone/DNA methylation, miRNA, and long noncoding RNA, are known to play important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In this study, we investigated if hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit alterations in epigenetic pathways in their PBMCs. We also compared gene expression profiles between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients. Despite individual variations, the expressions of many inflammation-related genes, such as arginase 1 and IL-1 receptor 2, were significantly upregulated in COVID-19 patients. We also found the expressions of coagulation-related genes Von Willebrand factor and protein S were altered in COVID-19 patients. The expression patterns of some genes, such as IL-1 receptor 2, correlated with their histone methylation marks. Pathway analysis indicated that most of those dysregulated genes were in the TGF-β, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-17 pathways. A targeting pathway revealed that the majority of those altered genes were targets of dexamethasone, which is an approved drug for COVID-19 treatment. We also found that the expression of bone marrow kinase on chromosome X, a member of TEC family kinases, was increased in the PBMCs of COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, some inhibitors of TEC family kinases have been used to treat COVID-19. Overall, this study provides important information toward identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19 disease.
Cutting Edge: Unconventional CD8+ T Cell Recognition of a Naturally Occurring HLA-A*02:01–Restricted 20mer Epitope
Authors: Meeuwsen Miranda H , Wouters Anne K , Hagedoorn Renate S , Kester Michel G D , Remst Dennis F G , van der Steen Dirk M , de Ru Arnoud , van Veelen Peter A , Rossjohn Jamie , Gras Stephanie , Falkenburg J H Frederik , Heemskerk Mirjam H M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Unconventional HLA class I–restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes, longer than 10 aa, have been implicated to play a role in human immunity against viruses and cancer. T cell recognition of long peptides, centrally bulging from the HLA cleft, has been described previously. Alternatively, long peptides can contain a linear HLA-bound core peptide, with a N- or C-terminal peptide “tail” extending from the HLA peptide binding groove. The role of such a peptide “tail” in CD8+ T cell recognition remains unclear. In this study, we identified a 20mer peptide (FLPTPEELGLLGPPRPQVLA [FLP]) derived from the IL-27R subunit α gene restricted to HLA-A*02:01, for which we solved the crystal structure and demonstrated a long C-terminal “tail” extension. FLP-specific T cell clones demonstrated various recognition modes, some T cells recognized the FLP core peptide, while for other T cells the peptide tail was essential for recognition. These results demonstrate a crucial role for a C-terminal peptide tail in immunogenicity.
Pattern of Surgical Emergencies in Rural Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Azeez Oyemomi , Abiola Paul O. , Aremu Shuaib Kayode , Shabi Olabode M. , Agbesanwa Tosin Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Considering the magnitude of deaths prevailing in the accident and emergency department (AED) in health facilities of sub-Sahara Africa, there is a need to have information on the burden of admissions and deaths due to surgical emergencies. Few studies in Nigerian hospitals in urban and suburban areas have been documented, but none in the rural setting. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the sociodemographic profile, causes and outcomes of admissions, and the pattern and causes of deaths due to surgical emergencies.

Methods:
A retrospective survey using a data form and a predetermined questionnaire was used to review the patients admitted for surgical emergencies at the AED of a tertiary hospital in rural southwestern Nigeria from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats.

Results:
Surgical emergencies constituted 43.9% of all admissions. The mean age of admissions was 42 ± 16.9 years, and majorities were in the young and middle-aged groups. There were more males (66.4%) than females (33.6%). Trauma(60.9%) of which road traffic accident (RTAs)(56.0%), was the leading mechanism of trauma. The mortality rate was 5.4% and was caused majorly by RTAs (33.0%), diabetes mellitus foot ulcers (11.0%), and malignancies (9.8%).

Conclusion:
In this study, surgical emergencies constituted 43.9%, and a majority of the patients were male. Trauma caused by RTA is the most cause of admission. The mortality rate was 5.4%. This finding may provide an impetus for prospective research on this outcome.
Post-COVID Neurological Complication; A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mamidi Sreenivasu , Soni Rahul , Dhull Pawan , Singh Sindhu , Muthukrishan J. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
There are certain post-coronavirus disease (COVID) neurological syndromes which have been reported such as cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral venous thrombosis, peripheral neuropathy, encephalitis, encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, facial palsy, and myositis. However, most of these are isolated case reports. In this case series, we discuss the post-COVID neurological complications such as facial palsy, lateral rectus palsy, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and stroke which occurred within 2 weeks after complete recovery from COVID.

Methods:
This multicentric case series is from three large tertiary care hospitals in northern and central India. We have reviewed seven patients with recent-onset neurological symptoms who had recovered from COVID infection within 2 weeks. We have retrospectively studied the clinical profile and radiological imaging during COVID infection.

Results:
Three out of these seven patients had received steroids during COVID treatment. None of our cases had any neurological manifestations during their COVID infection. The likelihood of neurotransmission through the cribriform plate via the olfactory bulb was low, as none of our patients had anosmia. None of the patients in the case series showed features of systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome, making the possibility of macrophage activation syndrome less likely.

Conclusion:
We hypothesize that antibodies against the coronavirus post recovery from COVID are responsible for these post-COVID neurological complications. Higher likelihood of these complications after rapid tapering off steroids may further corroborate this mechanism, as the antibody levels rise after steroid withdrawal. Titers of antibodies to SARS COV-2 virus in the postinfection period in these cases may have further helped prove our hypotheses which can be considered in future studies on the subject.
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glycemic Status of Patients with T2DM and Effects of Various Factors Involved
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Nachankar Amit 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 lockdowns forced people to stay indoors, resulting in lower physical activity, and change in dietary patterns, impacting glycemic control in the diabetic population. We aimed to assess the impact of the 3-month lockdown on glycemic control among outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being treated at our hospital.

Study Design:
This retrospective study included data of outpatients aged ≥30 years with preexisting T2DM, regularly attending the clinic during the prelockdown period and who came for follow-up postlockdown. The primary outcome measures were change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose sugar (FBG), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBG) compared to the last value before the lockdown.

Results:
A total of 200 (male: female – 83:117) patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 58.0 (10.8) years were included. The mean (SD) interval between the pre- and post-lockdown visit was 3.9 (0.9) months, and 58.5% of the patients were compliant with the medication. The mean HbA1c levels increased significantly by 1.1 (P = 0.000), FBG by 21.9 mg/dL (P = 0.000), PPBG by 28.0 mg/dL (P = 0.000), and weight by 1.6 kg (P = 0.000), from pre- to post-lockdown visit. The patients noncompliant to therapy had a significantly higher increase in glycemic parameters. The results showed a significant correlation between the interval of follow-up and treatment compliance with increase in glycemic parameters and weight.

Conclusion:
The results of this study revealed that there was a negative impact of lockdown on glycemic control in T2DM patients, highlighting the need for telehealth strategies to ensure the well-being of diabetic patients during such calamities.
Calidad de productos de investigación en repositorios de tesis mexicanos y guatemaltecos
Authors: Aguilera Arévalo Humberto Emilio 
Published: April 2022

OBJETIVO: evaluar la calidad de los productos de investigación en repositorios de acceso abierto en México y Guatemala. MÉTODO: en este estudio se usó un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se obtuvo una muestra de conveniencia de 17 estudios de 13 repositorios institucionales de México y 8 estudios de 6 repositorios de Guatemala. El universo consistió en 46 repositorios institucionales de México (enlistados en la Red Mexicana de Repositorios Institucionales) y 7 de Guatemala. Se construyó un índice basado en el modelo de calidad de investigación de Mårtensson et al. (2016). RESULTADOS: se encontró que los aspectos ser creíble y alineada fueron bajos en los estudios. Asimismo, el indicador rigurosidad (aspecto ser creíble) y generalizable (aspecto contributivo) también fueron bajos. El aspecto contributivo fue moderado y el comunicable alto en los estudios. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluyó que los estudiantes tienen dificultades en implementar buenas prácticas de investigación por deficiencias en el entrenamiento del uso de metodologías de investigación, análisis de datos y fallas en la supervisión de las tesis.
Peran Manajemen Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar di Kota Langsa
Authors: Rismayani Rismayani , Muhaini Muhaini , Sabaruddin Sabaruddin 
Published: April 2022

Kepala sekolah sebagai puncak kepemimpinan di tingkat sekolah diperlukan kemampuan untuk manajerial yang baik sehingga mewujudkan mutu pendidikan yang unggul. Namun tidak semua kepala sekolah memiliki kompetensi manajerial yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana implementasi manajemen kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan lembaga pendidikan yang bermutu berstandar nasional pendidikan. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pendekatan deskriptif analisis kualitatif, yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 sekolah pada Gugus I Kota Langsa, yang terdiri dari: 3 orang kepala sekolah, 3 orang Guru, 3 orang Staf Administrasi serta 3 orang tua siswa dari masing-masing Sekolah. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen yang diterapkan kepala sekolah adalah manajemen partisipasi, kritik, saran dan solusi. Faktor pendukung dalam penerapan manajemen ini adalah melaksanakan peraturan, tatatertib dan disiplin sekolah, serta penggalak kesadaran guru untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pembelajaran sekolah. Implementasi manajemen kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan lembaga pendidikan yang bermutu berstandar nasional pendidikan para kepala sekolah SD Gugus I Kota Langsa yaitu melalui aktualisasi manajemen sekolah yaitu dengan meningkatkan peranan kepala sekolah sebagai manajer, diantaranya adalah penyusunan program manajemen peningkatan mutu, pengorganisasian dan penetapan peningkatan mutu, penggerakan program peningkatan mutu, pengawasan program sekolah.
Drawings of the City: Practice and Method, an experience
Authors: Maia Hortênsia , Cardoso Daniel , Brasil Aléxia 
Published: April 2022

How can the drawings contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the city? The discussion begins with the researcher’s attentive eye on the city during the process of drawing. When seeing the city from the drawing, it can improve the understanding of the urban phenomenon and suggests patterns and shapes collected in the sketchbooks, also called the graphic journals. Such shapes are related to the categories of identity, imageability, and urban quality present in the studies of authors such as Lynch and Cullen. The systematization of these morphology patterns, found when walking through the city, can be a way of relating a sensitive investigation method (the drawing) with a rational abstract method, suggesting the quantification of these forms as an index of urbanity. This article reports the investigation process of this method through a teaching experience practice when it was proposed to reflect on the practice of drawing using the graphic journal.
The semiotic dimension of transmedia design
Authors: Carvalho Alzamora Geane 
Published: April 2022

This discussion is based on the following questions: a) What are the limits and potential of transmedia design for contemporary communication planning?; b) How and to what extent can semiotics contribute to the issue? In order to answer these questions, we consider that the transmedia logic outlines the contemporary communication logic. In this sense, we emphasize the necessary articulation between communication and transmedia logic to discuss the specificities of design and semiotics in the scope of transmedia logic and their implications in various areas of knowledge. We seek to highlight the etymological approach between sign and design to elucidate the contributions of semiotics to this area of knowledge. Concomitantly, it is emphasized that transmedia logic can be better understood with the adoption of the logical perspective stemming from Charles Sanders Peirce's pragmatism, which identifies logic with semiotics.
Hydrometeorological analysis of the 12 and 13 September 2019 widespread flash flooding in eastern Spain
Authors: Amengual Arnau 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. On 12 and 13 September 2019, a long-lasting heavy precipitation episode (HPE) affected the València, Murcia and Almería regions in
eastern Spain. Observed rainfall amounts were close to 500 mm in 48 h, being the highest cumulative precipitation registered in some rain gauges for the last century. Subsequent widespread flash flooding caused seven fatalities and estimated economical losses above EUR 425 million. High-resolution precipitation estimates from weather radar observations and flood response from stream gauges are used in combination with a fully distributed hydrological model to examine the main hydrometeorological processes within the HyMeX programme. This HPE was characterized by successive, well-organized convective structures that impacted a spatial extent of 7500 km2, with rainfall amounts equal to or larger than 200 mm. The main factors driving the flood response were quasi-stationarity of heavy precipitation, very dry initial soil moisture conditions and large storage capacities. Most of the examined catchments exhibited a dampened and delayed hydrological response to cumulative precipitation: until runoff thresholds were exceeded, infiltration-excess runoff generation did not start. This threshold-based hydrological behaviour may impact the shape of flood peak distributions, hindering strict flood frequency statistical analysis due to the generally limited lengths of data records in arid and semi-arid catchments. As an alternative, a power-law relationship is analytically derived to specifically link flood magnitude to rainfall amount, with the parameters
depending on basin and precipitation features. This power law could aid in
developing empirical envelope curves so as to assess hydrologic risk in arid and semi-arid catchments with a threshold-based hydrological behaviour.
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park
Authors: Karlsson Rikard , Tivefälth Malin , Duranović Iris , Martinsson Svante , Kjølhamar Ane , Murvoll Kari Mette 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Artificial substrates associated with renewable offshore energy
infrastructure, such as floating offshore wind farms, enable the
establishment of benthic communities with a taxonomic composition similar to
that of naturally occurring rocky intertidal habitats. The size of the
biodiversity impact and the structural changes in benthic habitats will
depend on the selected locations. The aim of the study is to assess
colonisation and zonation, quantify diversity and abundance, and identify any
non-indigenous species present within the wind farm area, as well as to
describe changes in the epifouling growth between 2018 and 2020, with
regards to coverage and thickness. This article is based on work undertaken
within the offshore floating Hywind Scotland Pilot Park, the first floating
offshore wind park established in the world, located approximately 25 km
east of Peterhead, Scotland. The floating pilot park is situated in water
depths of approximately 120 m, with a seabed characterised predominantly by
sand and gravel substrates with occasional patches of mixed sediments. The
study utilised a work class remotely operated vehicle with a mounted high-definition video camera, deployed from the survey vessel M/V Stril Explorer. A total of 41 structures, as well as their associated sub-components, including turbines
substructures, mooring lines, suction anchors and infield cables, were
analysed with regards to diversity, abundance, colonisation, coverage and
zonation. This approach provides comprehensive coverage of whole structures
in a safe and time-saving manner. A total of 11 phyla with 121 different taxa were observed, with macrofauna as well as macroalgae and filamentous algae being
identified on the different structures. The submerged turbines measured
approximately 80 m in height and exhibited distinct patterns of zonation.
Plumose anemones (Metridium senile) and tube-building fan worms (Spirobranchus sp.) dominated the bottom and
mid-sections (80–20 m) of the turbines, while kelp and other
Phaeophyceae with blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) dominated top sections of the turbines (20–0 m). A general increase in the coverage of the epifouling growth
between 2018 and 2020 was observed, whereas the change in thickness between
years was more variable.
Mystery revealed on efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone vs methylprednisolone on post-operative sequelae after 3rd molar surgery
Authors: Mevawala Adil M , Ramanojam Shandilya , Halli Rajshekhar , Kshirsagar Rajesh , Khandelwal Saurabh , Sane Vikrant 
Published: April 2022

Background: Owing to its potent mode of action and lengthy half-life, dexamethasone has been used in oral surgery for many years. Several dexamethasone delivery methods for third molar surgery have been proposed. Dexamethasone administration has been a source of debate, with studies being unable to agree on the best effective method for reducing post-extraction complications. Aim: To carry out comparative evaluation of effect of intravenous 8 mg Dexamethasone and 40 mg Methylprednisolone on pain, swelling and trismus post-operatively after mandibular impacted 3rd molar surgery. Methods and Materials: The study used a split mouth technique, in which the impacted mandibular 3rd molars were extracted one at a time, separated by at least 21 days. Following surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar, the patient was given 8mg Dexamethasone intravenously at the first appointment. The surgical removal of the mandibular third molar on the contralateral side was performed on the same patient at the second session after 21 days, and 40 mg Methylprednisolone was administered intravenously post-operatively. Results: For the 2nd, 5th, and 7th day postoperative evaluations, patients showed decreased swelling with the Dexamethasone protocol compared to the Methylprednisolone protocol. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups.