bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal’s Environmental Impact
Authors: N. Khalef Riyam , I. Hassan Amal , M. Saleh Hosam 
Published: April 2022

Heavy metals are inorganic elements with something like a density of more than 5 g/cm3. Essential and non-essential heavy metals were divided into two groups based on their toxicity. Heavy metals, unlike organic pollutants, are non-biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living things. Many heavy metal ions are hazardous or carcinogenic. The majority of heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc, are linked to pollution and hazardous concerns. There are more than 50 elements categorized as heavy metals, with 17 of them being extremely hazardous and easily accessible. Metal pollutants are often non-degradable and have no recognized homeostasis mechanism. Their mere presence in aquatic habitats is enough to have a direct or indirect impact on living systems. The anthropogenic pollution of heavy metals in ancient mining regions refers to areas where the concentration of one or more heavy metals exceeds normal values. Heavy metals disrupt cellular organelles and components in biological systems. Nanoscale zero-valent iron is a promising alternative for heavy metal cleanup. Heavy metal ions are poisonous, non-degradable, and tend to bioaccumulate and biomagnify. The purpose of this chapter is to display some heavy metals and the environmental impact of these minerals, which includes soil, plants, and humans.
Diurnal pattern of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol under citric acid stimulation in young adults
Authors: Xie Haimei , Zheng Xiaomei , Huang Ye , Li Weihao , Wang Wenkai , Li Qiao , Hou Jiangtao , Luo Lulu , Kuang Xiuying , Lin Chuan-quan 
Published: April 2022

Background
Saliva composition has diurnal variations. Citric acid stimulation plays a major role in the change of salivary flow rate and salivary composition. However, diurnal variations and sex differences in salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), pH, salivary flow rate (SFR), and salivary cortisol before and after citric acid stimulation remain unclear.

Methods
We recruited 30 healthy volunteers, including 15 women (24.7 ± 1.0 years old) and 15 men (25.3 ± 1.3 years old). At four time points (T1, 7:00; T2, 10:00; T3, 16:00; and T4, 20:00), saliva was collected from healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation; and sAA, pH, SFR and salivary cortisol were measured and compared between men and women.

Results
There were circadian fluctuations in sAA activity, SFR, pH, and cortisol level both before and after citric acid stimulation, and the diurnal fluctuations of these indexes were not affected by citric acid stimulation. There were significant differences in salivary cortisol between men and women before and after acid stimulation in T1. Neither SFR nor pH showed sex-related differences before or after acid stimulation. The variation trend of sAA activity was contrary to that of cortisol, with a significant negative correlation.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that sAA and cortisol showed diurnal fluctuation, and the variation characteristics of male and female under resting state and acid stimulation were basically the same. The variation trend of salivary alpha-amylase activity was opposite to that of cortisol, with significant negative correlation. Our findings may enable the selection of the correct sampling time for research and the selection of appropriate sampling strategies in studies investigating chronic psychosocial conditions.
Toxicological Studies of Citrus aurantifolia Fruit Juice in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian , Ani Onuabuchi Nnenna , Okafor Michael Chinonso 
Published: April 2022

Background: Citrus aurantifolia has been well known for its economic importance either as food or medicine. Previous studies have shown the antidiabetic, anti-cholesterol, hepato-protective and antioxidant properties of the fruit juice.
Purpose: This study focused on the effects of continuous oral administration of C. aurantifolia (lime) fruit juice for a period of three months on the biochemical indices of Wistar albino rats.
Methods: Acute toxicity test (LD50) was done using Lorke’s method. Twenty (20) rats of both sexes weighing between 120 g and 130 g were randomized into 4 groups of five rats each. Group A (normal control) was given feed and water only, Group B, C and D were given 2, 4 and 8 ml/kg bodyweight (b.w) of Citrus aurantifolia fruit juice respectively. At the end of the treatment period, fasting blood glucose level was determined and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from the experimental animals for the evaluation of the serum concentrations of biochemical parameters (liver function, kidney function, electrolytes, lipid profile, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation). These analyses were carried out using standard diagnostic techniques.
Results: From the result of the LD50, no death was recorded for doses of 50 ml/kg b.w and below while at doses of 60 and 100 ml/kg b.w, there were signs of toxicity and death of the experimental animals. The mean lethal dose (LD50) was 54.8 ml/kg bw. The fasting blood sugar levels were maintained within the normal range throughout the period of administration. The concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine were significantly (p<0.05) decreased while GGT, Albumin, Total protein, total bilirubin, K+, Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and the pH levels were not significantly (p<0.05) altered for the 3 doses tested when compared to the normal control. However, a dosage of 8 ml/kg bw significantly decreased the direct bilirubin level. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triacylgylcerol and VLDL were significantly (p<0.05) reduced with a significant (p<0.05) increase in the HDL-C when compared to the normal control. There was also a significant (p<0.05) increase in blood LDH levels. Dosages of 2 and 4ml/kg bw did not significantly alter the levels of MDA in relation to the normal control but 8 ml/kg bw significantly (p<0.05) decreased the MDA levels of the rats.
Conclusion: The biochemical parameters assayed suggests that proper doses of the C. aurantifolia fruit juice do not cause any harmful or adverse effect to the organs and tissues in the body.
PENGARUH TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL DAN PERCEIVED BENEFITS TERHADAP MINAT PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI SHOPEE FOOD PADA MASYARAKAT SURABAYA
Authors: Wangsadinata Richard , Geraldine Clarissa Nathania , Aprilia Adriana 
Published: April 2022

This research is conducted to examine the influence of Technology Acceptance Model (Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Trust) and Perceived Benefits (Price Saving Benefits and Time Saving Benefits) toward Surabaya consumers’ intention to use Shopee Food application. The questionnaire is distributed to 150 respondents that lived in Surabaya and used an Online Food Delivery application. The type of research is quantitative casual research and using multiple linear regression analysis. The result shows that Perceived Usefulness and Time Saving Benefits have a positive and significant effect on Surabaya consumers' intention to use Shopee Food application. Meanwhile, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, and Price Saving Benefits have insignificant effect on Surabaya consumers’ intention to use Shopee Food application.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Technology Acceptance Model (Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, dan Trust) dan Perceived Benefits (Price Saving Benefits dan Time Saving Benefits) terhadap minat penggunaan aplikasi Shopee Food pada masyarakat Surabaya. Kuesioner penelitian ini dibagikan kepada 150 responden yang berdomisili di Surabaya dan sudah pernah menggunakan aplikasi Online Food Delivery. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kausal kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perceived Usefulness dan Time Saving Benefits berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat penggunaan aplikasi Shopee Food pada masyarakat Surabaya. Sementara itu, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, dan Price Saving Benefits berpengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap minat penggunaan aplikasi Shopee Food pada masyarakat Surabaya.
ANALISA PENGARUH KOMPLEKSITAS VISUAL PADA FOTO MAKANAN DI INSTAGRAM TERHADAP MINAT BELI MELALUI RESPON EMOSIONAL
Authors: Olivia Jessica , Antonina Delicia , Jokom Regina , Iskandar Vido 
Published: April 2022

Instagram has become one of the most popular social media, especially for generation Z. Therefore, Instagram was perceived as an effective marketing tool in food and beverage industry. Photo is the main characteristic in Instagram. Thus, food and beverage owners were encouraged to create a content with attractive photo in order to increase their sales. This study was conducted to determine the significant effect of food photo visual complexity on Instagram towards consumer purchase intention through emotional responses. The study was conducted a survey on 432 respondents who were students of Petra Christian University in Surabaya and the data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results indicated that there is a positive and significant influence between the visual complexity of purchase intention through emotional responses.
Abstrak
Instagram menjadi salah satu media sosial yang paling diminati masyarakat Indonesia terutama dikalangan anak muda. Hal ini membuat Instagram menjadi salah satu media pemasaran yang efektif khususnya dalam industri makanan minuman. Karakteristik utama Instagram yang banyak menggunakan foto, membuat pengusaha makanan minuman harus mampu membuat konten dengan foto yang menarik untuk dapat meningkatkan penjualan produknya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah kompleksitas visual pada sebuah foto makanan di Instagram dapat berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap minat beli mahasiswa melalui respon emosional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 432 orang responden yang merupakan mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya dan diolah menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kompleksitas visual terhadap minat beli melalui respon emosional.
Plasmonic Carbon Nitride Polymers to Boost Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Tian Dehua , Yin Huabing , Liu Lu , Li Baojun , Li Juan , Lou Zaizhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasmonic organic polymers with strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) hold exciting prospects in various fields but are challenging to synthesize. Herein, SPR is successfully constructed on carbon nitride polymers by photoelectron accumulation for enhanced photocatalysis. NCN‐modification on carbon nitride causes the separated highest occupied molecular orbit/lowest unoccupied molecular orbit distribution in its electronic structure for efficient charge separation. Long‐lived photoelectron accumulation on NCN‐modified carbon nitride polymer (NCN‐CNx) is observed by single‐particle photoluminescence spectroscopy, causing strong SPR absorption in the 500–800 nm spectral region. Electron‐density‐dependent SPR of NCN‐CNxis highly sensitive to oxygen, making it a plasmonic sensor for oxygen detection. The positive roles of SPR in greatly promoting photoreactions over NCN‐CNxare demonstrated by NH3BH3decomposition, and 13 mL h−1hydrogen is generated under>500 nm light irradiation, five‐fold higher than that of non‐plasmonic H2N‐CNx. Moreover, SPR of NCN‐CNxcan greatly promote photocatalytic hydrogen generation to be 1.1 mmol g−1(3 h) under>500 nm irradiation and the synergy between intrinsic bands and SPR excitation boosts 3.1 mmol g−1(3 h) hydrogen generation under>400 nm irradiation. This work provides clear evidence that SPR engineering on organic polymer can boost light harvesting for efficient photocatalysis.
Polarized Laser Switching with Giant Contrast in MOF‐Based Mixed‐Matrix Membrane
Authors: Li Hongjun , Zhang Lin , Yang Yu , Hu Enlai , Li Bin , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Deren , Qian Guodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) switch materials have attracted considerable attention in photonics. Although various materials based on complex structural transitions have been developed extensively, the studies on light‐driven up‐conversion laser switches are rare, which have advantages including easy operations at room temperature and high contrasts. Here, the concept of photoswitch building unit is proposed to construct a novel sandwich‐like mixed‐matrix membrane. Dye@metal‐organic framework (MOF) crystals and spirooxazine are regarded as the laser emission and absorption units, followed by their hierarchical encapsulation into the polydimethylsiloxane carrier unit. Excited MOF microcrystals exhibit two‐photon pumped lasing anisotropy, with an ultrahigh degree of linear polarization (≈99.9%). Photochromic molecules can be interconverted by the external ultraviolet stimulus, causing sharp absorption‐band variations and inducing the laser emission or quenching. Such up‐conversion polarized laser switch material is reported for the first time. Record‐high NLO contrast (≈6.1 × 104) among the solid‐state NLO switch materials can be obtained through simultaneously controlling the ultraviolet irradiation and the emission‐detected polarization direction at room temperature.
Switch from Anionic Polymerization to Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization: A Valuable Strategy to Make Olefin Block Copolymers
Authors: Baulu Nicolas , Langlais Marvin , Ngo Robert , Thuilliez Julien , Jean‐Baptiste‐dit‐Dominique François , D'Agosto Franck , Boisson Christophe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnionic polymerization of butadiene or/and styrene is performed with lithium initiators, functional or not. The polymer chains are subsequently transferred to magnesium. The resulting polymeryl‐magnesium compounds were combined with {(Me2Si(C13H8)2)Nd(μ‐BH4)[(μ‐BH4)Li(THF)]}2 metallocene complex to act as macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) in coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of ethylene (E) or its copolymerization (CCTcoP) with butadiene (B). Block copolymers were produced for the first time by this switch from anionic polymerization to CCTP. Hard and soft blocks such as PB, polystyrene (PS), poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) (SBR) obtained by anionic polymerization and PE or poly(ethylene‐co‐butadiene) (EBR) produced by CCT(co)P were combined and the corresponding structures were characterized.
Influence of manganese oxide‐coated granular media on disinfection byproduct formation
Authors: Bazilio Arianne A. , Nguyễn Chuyên , Mai Xuyen , Larsen Yesher , Tobiason John E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of manganese oxide (MnOx) coated granular media on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation for dissolved manganese (Mn(II)) and natural organic matter (NOM) concentrations typical in drinking water treatment (DWT). Instantaneous and 24‐h haloacetic acid and total trihalomethane concentrations of influent and effluent samples from two DWT plants, one using MnOx‐coated dual media (DM) filters and the other using second‐stage contactors for Mn(II) sorption by coarse MnOx‐coated ceramic media after DM filtration, were examined. Results showed that interaction with MnOx‐coated surfaces did not increase measured DBP concentrations. Observed increases in 24‐h DBP concentrations for the surface water plant were attributed to filter‐associated NOM, and not the MnOx coating. The findings of this study indicate that a second‐stage contactor – with MnOx‐coated media utilized for Mn(II) removal after a particle removal filter – does not increase DBP formation under typical treatment conditions.
Energy transfer process in a rare earth (Ce3+, Dy3+, Sm3+)‐doped nanocrystalline phosphate phosphor
Authors: Mushtaque Sadaf Gauhar M. , Pawade V. B. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work presents the optimized luminescence spectra for the Ce3+,Sm3+‐doped NaSrPO4 phosphor that was synthesized using a wet chemical method. Ce3+ and Sm3+ are activator impurities that show spectral splitting bands that corresponds to the d–f and f–f transitions, respectively. These impurity elements shows the characteristics spectral bands when doped with the NaSrPO4 host lattice. Spectral splitting in the Ce3+ excitation band was monitored in the 240–340 nm range, in which the observed bands were located at 269 nm, 292 nm and 321 nm, and emission bands were observed in the broad spectral range 330–430 nm. However, when Sm3+ ion was doped in the same host lattice we obtained a characteristic emission band at 590 and 645 nm in the orange–red region, under sharp excitation bands located at 345, 361, 375, and 403 nm respectively. Also, we carried out energy transfer analysis in the Ce3+/Dy3+‐doped NaSrPO4 phosphor. Further crystalline phase and the nanophase nature of the phosphor compound were confirmed using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses.
A novel core skeleton design and synthesis of N‐alkyl‐1′‐(substituted sulfonyl)spiro[chromene‐2,4′‐piperidin]‐6‐amine derivatives as 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Lee Hwa‐Sung , Abdildinova Aizhan , Cho Young Sik , Cheon Hyae Gyeong , Gong Young‐Dae 
Published: April 2022

Abstract5‐LO inhibitors can potentially be employed for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we have designed and synthesized new N‐alkyl‐1′‐(substituted sulfonyl)spiro[chromene‐2,4′‐piperidin]‐6‐amine‐based library as potential and novel 5‐LO inhibitors. In vitro results showed that several synthesized compounds exhibited high 5‐LO inhibitory activity, in parallel with the inhibition of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production in the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL‐1) cells. Among the synthesized compounds, 8l was selected for in vivo study using a mouse ear edema model: oral administration of 8l (100 mg/kg) inhibited arachidonic acid‐induced ear edema, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and LTB4 synthesis. SAR analysis and molecular docking studies demonstrated the allosteric binding mode between 5‐LO and the synthesized compounds including 8l.
A novel sulfonated aromatic polyimide synthesis and characterization: Energy calculations, QTAIM simulation study of the hydrated structure of one unit
Authors: Yildiko Umit , Tanriverdi Aslihan Aycan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new type of sulfonated polyimide was synthesized from a one‐step polycondensation reaction with perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4′‐diamino‐2,2′‐stilbenedisulfonic. Pure characterization of sulfonated polyimide (SPI) was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal gravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and solubility tests. Moreover, the SPI film was prepared by a thermal imidization step heating procedure. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations of the synthesized SPI were investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory. By calculating the frontiers molecular orbital energies of the obtained polyimide, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the energy gap (Δ) values were found for the one structural unit and three structural units of SPI, respectively. Also, QTAIM was carried out based on the AIMAll program. With the increase in water molecules, the average electronic energy density (HBCP) value decreased according to the results of QTAIM. The SPI can be used as a potential membrane in fuel cells.
The perception of engineering students and instructors in a Saudi University toward E‐learning
Authors: Jabali A. Karim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study is designed to assess engineering students' and instructors' perceptions toward using E‐learning relative to their actual use metrics. A cross‐sectional survey was designed to assess perspectives among all undergraduate students from five engineering departments, in addition to those students at the general engineering level. Meanwhile, a different survey was designed and sent to the college instructors to explore their perceptions of their teaching courses. Finally, analytics data from the learning management system (LMS) log data were obtained for comparison. Additionally, the perceptions were evaluated against demographic factors for each group. The differences between both perspectives of students and instructors toward E‐learning tools are seen particularly in assessing the use of E‐learning communication, and assessment capabilities. Instructors mainly use the LMS to post material rather than taking full advantage of the other E‐Learning environment tools (communication, assessment, etc.) to promote a stronger interaction with students and foster student learning. The instructors' focus on using LMS for posting the course material is about 72%, while 68% of students have the same view on using LMS access the course material. Furthermore, the use of LMS as a communication tool is considered by about 56% of students compared with 47% of instructors who agree on this opinion. The portion of instructors perceiving the LMS as non‐difficult is 37%, while there is about 25% of them who took the opposite opinion. In the students' side there is about 52% who considers the LMS as non‐difficult compared to 20% who consider it as difficult. But investigating the log data of the LMS shows that the actual use frequency is rather low indicating an overestimated use of the LMS. The apparent overestimation of the students' and instructors' level of E‐learning usage has stemmed from the lack of or weak E‐learning culture. The analysis of the collected data shows that the length of LMS experience of the instructors has more effect on overall perception of the online courses than academic experience, rank, or academic department. Furthermore, it is revealed that the student's academic year significantly affects how these students assess the courses and instructors' interaction, while the department to which the student belongs is affecting some but not all elements of the courses. The findings of this study will help the school administration effectively develop an E‐learning framework for students and teachers to enhance overall learning performance.
Interfacial Charge Modulation via in situ Fabrication of 3D Conductive Platform with MOF Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Liu Yunpeng , Chai Guodong , Yang Guorui , Wang Caiyun , Yan Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHighly‐efficient photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable carbon‐contained chemicals possesses a tremendous potential in solving the energy crisis and global warming problem. However, the inadequate separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and the unsatisfied capture of CO2 stay the chief roadblocks. Herein, we designed a novel photocatalyst for CO2 reduction by assembling three‐dimensional graphene (3D GR) with a typical metal‐organic framework material UIO‐66‐NH2, aiming to construct a built‐in electric field for charge separation as well as taking advantage of the typical 3D structure of GR for maximizing the exposed absorption site on the surface. The performance evaluation demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity has been improved for the composite materials compared with that of the pure UIO‐66‐NH2. Further mechanism investigations proved that the enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergy of enhanced CO2 absorption and inhibited photogenerated charge recombination, which could be owing to the better distribution and exposure of absorption and reaction sites on composites, and the redistribution of photogenerated carriers between 3D GR and UIO‐66‐NH2. This study provides a promising pathway to probe nanocomposites based on MOFs in environmental improvement and other relevant fields.