bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritable prerogatives and non‐lineages: proprietary knowledge ownership among the A'uwẽ (Xavante) in central Brazil
Authors: Welch James R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe non‐existence of corporate lineages among Indigenous peoples in lowland South America has been widely accepted since the 1970s. There has, however, yet to be adequate resolution of the question of what are the social formations formerly called ‘lineages’. In this article, I re‐examine previous characterizations of A'uwẽ (Xavante) social organization to propose that what were identified as lineages are in fact heritable prerogatives associated with proprietary knowledge ownerships, with important consequences for interpretations regarding the purported centrality of political factionalism in this society. I argue that A'uwẽ heritable prerogatives are aptly interpreted in light of a master/owner relational schema previously described for diverse Indigenous groups in greater Amazonia. However, my evidence suggests a heterogeneous fit between A'uwẽ heritable prerogatives and some of this schema's key characteristics and ethnographic correlates, as previously described.
Color and texture of surimi‐like gels made of protein isolate extracted from catfish byproducts are improved by washing and adding soy whey
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chang Sam K. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProtein extraction from catfish byproducts has been proven economically and technically feasible. However, the gel prepared from protein isolate was dark and lacked elasticity. Byproduct mince washing and application of soy whey were adopted in this study to address the above gel quality issues. Heating soy whey at 75°C for 3 min could eliminate over 99.9% lipoxygenase activity and retain more than 50% trypsin inhibitor activity. Washing byproduct mince for 2 min with water‐to‐mince ratio of 2:1 could achieve satisfactory gel color, which was comparable to that of commercial surimi gels. When soy whey was applied, the autolytic enzyme‐induced proteolysis was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by up to 74%. With addition of soy whey, resilience, hardness at maximum force, hardness at 5 mm compression, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, fracturability, and deformation could be increased by up to 43.10%, 66.92%, 36.72%, 14.59%, 29.17%, 143.25%, 93.82%, and 27.97%, respectively. However, the texture was still inferior to the gel made from fillet mince. SDS‐PAGE revealed that myosin was most susceptible to proteolysis and application of soy whey could effectively protect it from degradation. Different from tropomyosin, myosin and actin were greatly involved in disulfide bond formation.Practical ApplicationCatfish byproducts and soy whey, a byproduct from soy protein isolation, are normally treated as waste. The current study proved the possibility to utilize these two byproducts to make value‐added surimi‐like gel products. Utilization of byproducts would not only increase profitability of catfish and soy processing, but also preserve the precious fish proteins and other health‐promoting components.
Diagnostic pitfall in a large cell lung cancer with testicular metastasis synchronous malignant pleural mesothelioma patient: A case report
Authors: Jiang Lisha , De Souza Veylenta A. , George Nithin M. , Rai Nitya P. , Shi Ming , Che Guowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge cell lung cancer metastases to the testis are scarce, although it is the most common malignancy and the most common site of metastases for breast, colorectal and kidney cancers. We hereby report a 28‐year‐old male patient admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of scrotal enlargement, accompanied by chest pain and progressive dyspnea. The definite diagnosis was malignant pleural mesothelioma with the synchronous occurrence of large cell lung cancer with testicular metastasis. Sophisticated clinical manifestation of symptoms led to a time‐consuming diagnosis, while the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Herein, we present this case to share our hard‐learnt experience to increase clinician awareness and contribute to the information in the literature.
Delay discounting and alcohol consumption correlate with dorsal anterior insula activation during choice in nontreatment‐seeking heavy drinkers
Authors: Halcomb Meredith , Dzemidzic Mario , Shen Yitong I. , Lin Zikai , Butcher Tarah J. , Yoder Karmen K. , Oberlin Brandon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe anterior insular cortex (AIC), a prominent salience network node, integrates interoceptive information and emotional states into decision making. While AIC activation during delay discounting (DD) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been previously reported, the associations between AIC activation, impulsive choice, alcohol consumption, and connectivity remain unknown. We therefore tested AIC brain responses during DD in heavy drinkers and their association with DD performance, alcohol drinking, and task‐based connectivity.MethodsTwenty‐nine heavy drinkers (12 females; mean (SD) age=31.5 ± 6.1 years; mean (SD)=40.8 ± 23.4 drinks/week) completed a DD task during functional MRI. Regions activated during DD decision making were tested for correlation with DD behavior and alcohol drinking. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) models assessed the task‐dependent functional connectivity (FC) of activation during choice.ResultsDelay discounting choice activated bilateral anterior insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and left precentral gyrus. Right dorsal (d) AIC activation during choice negatively correlated withdiscounting of delayed rewards and alcohol consumption. PPI analysis revealed FC of the right dAIC to both the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices—key nodes in the midline default mode network.ConclusionsGreater dAIC involvement in intertemporal choice may confer more adaptive behavior (lower impulsivity and alcohol consumption). Moreover, salience network processes governing discounting may require midline default mode (precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex) recruitment. These findings supporta key adaptive role for right dAIC in decision making involving future rewards and risky drinking.
Agriculture in a more uncertain global trade environment
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe global trade environment is more uncertain now than it has been for decades. In the short term, bilateral trade “wars” and the COVID‐19 pandemic have added to longer‐term uncertainties such as sporadic national policy responses to climate change, to the digital revolution, to up‐scaled assertiveness and economic coercion by rapidly growing China, and to antiglobalization groups. The underlying concerns could be reduced through greater multilateral cooperation, but that has been in short supply in recent years, not least because of eroding support for globalization. This article re‐examines the case for greater unilateral openness to agricultural trade in the wake of uneven economic growth and structural transformation as food systems respond to this increased uncertainty and to growing pressures for agriculture to become more sustainable and for food to be safer and more nutritious. The article concludes by pointing to better policy options than trade measures for achieving most national objectives—options that can simultaneously benefit the rest of the world in terms of easing natural resource and environmental stresses while supporting economic growth and reducing national and global poverty, food and nutrition insecurity, and inequalities in income, wealth, and health.
Multimethod characterization of terracotta figurines and lime mortar from the elite burials Shoroon Bumbagar I and II, Mongolia
Authors: Solongo Saran , Tengis Saran , Enkhbat Galbadrakh , Orgil Baatarjav , Erdenebold Lkhagvasuren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe multi‐analytical approach, including X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), was applied to terracotta figurines, mural plaster, and local clay sources coming from two elite burials in Mongolia—Shoroon Bumbagar I and Shoroon Bumbagar II—dated to the second half of the VII century AD. The aims of this study were: (1) by comparing the major composition of body samples with those of the ancient Tang sancai kilns to identify the origin of raw materials; and (2) to track changes in the manufacturing technology. Analysis of CaO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and K2O, which were crucial for distinguishing the provenance of red bodies, confirmed the local production of terracotta figurines. Furthermore, this study helped us attain a deeper understanding of the Tang sancai at both Shoroon Bumbagar sites, geographically located on both banks of the Tuul River yet separated in time by a few decades; it suggests the movement of two groups of artisans using different technologies to make Tang sancai locally by incorporating local tastes and traditions.
Automatic or controlled: How does disbelief in free will influence cognitive functioning?
Authors: Katzir Maayan , Genschow Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost people believe in free will. Past research has indicated that reducing this belief has numerous downstream consequences including everyday outcomes as well as neural and cognitive correlates associated with a reduction of self‐control. However, the exact mechanisms through which a reduction in free will belief affects self‐control are still a matter of investigation. In the present registered report, we used a task switching paradigm to examine whether reducing belief in free will makes people less controlled or whether it enhances their reliance on automatic impulses. Using Bayesian sequential analysis, we failed to conceptually replicate the previous link between free will belief and cognitive control. Our registered report plan mostly accumulated substantial evidence supporting the null hypothesis. That is, diminished belief in free will does neither impact control nor automaticity. Theoretical implications of this finding are discussed.
Dexamethasone exposure in normal‐weight and obese hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: An observational exploratory trial
Authors: Abouir Kenza , Gosselin Pauline , Guerrier Stéphane , Daali Youssef , Desmeules Jules , Grosgurin Olivier , Reny Jean‐Luc , Samer Caroline , Calmy Alexandra , Ing Lorenzini Kuntheavy Roseline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the latest pandemic, the RECOVERY study showed the benefits of dexamethasone (DEX) use in COVID‐19 patients. Obesity has been proven to be an independent risk factor for severe forms of infection, but little information is available in the literature regarding DEX dose adjustment according to body weight. We conducted a prospective, observational, exploratory study at Geneva University Hospitals to assess the impact of weight on DEX pharmacokinetics (PK) in normal‐weight versus obese COVID‐19 hospitalized patients. Two groups of patients were enrolled: normal‐weight and obese (body mass index [BMI] 18.5–25 and >30 kg/m2, respectively). All patients received the standard of care therapy of 6 mg DEX orally. Blood samples were collected, and DEX concentrations were measured. The mean DEX AUC0–8 and Cmax were lower in the obese compared to the normal‐weight group (572.02 ± 258.96 vs. 926.92 ± 552.12 ng h/ml and 138.67 ± 68.03 vs. 203.44 ± 126.30 ng/ml, respectively). A decrease in DEX AUC0–8 of 4% per additional BMI unit was observed, defining a significant relationship between weight and DEX AUC0–8 (p = 0.004, 95% CI 2–7%). In women, irrespective of the BMI, DEX AUC0–8 increased by 214% in comparison to men (p < 0.001, 95% CI 154–298%). Similarly, the mean Cmax increased by 205% in women (p < 0.001, 95% CI 141–297%). Conversely, no significant difference between the obese and normal‐weight groups was observed for exploratory treatment outcomes, such as the length of hospitalization. BMI, weight, and gender significantly affected DEX AUC. We conclude that dose adjustment would be needed if the aim is to achieve the same exposures in normal‐weight and obese patients.
Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation originating from a melanocytic nevus in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Yim Su‐Hyuk , Kim Doyeon , Hong Dongkyun , Jung Kyung Eun , Lee Young , Seo Young‐Joon , Park Sanghyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) may rarely exhibit divergent differentiation, in which melanocytic markers may be lost, leading to difficulty in diagnosis. A 64‐year‐old man recently diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome complained of development of a nodule in a melanocytic nevus on his scalp. On histopathologic examination, junctional nevus nests and diffuse cellular infiltrations with a sheet‐like growth pattern of pleomorphic epithelioid cells were observed in the upper dermis. Junctional nevus cells were S‐100 positive, and pleomorphic epithelioid cells extending from the junctional nests were weakly positive for S‐100. Large polygonal cells with eccentric nuclei and intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions were observed in the mid to deep dermis. These rhabdomyoblast‐like polygonal cells diffusely expressed desmin and were focally positive for MyoD1. Some clusters of polygonal cells in the deep dermis expressed SOX10. Collectively, these clinical and histopathologic features suggested MM with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Desmin‐ and skeletal‐muscle‐specific markers should be applied to melanocytic tumors with atypical epithelioid cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts, especially if these cells are negative for melanocytic markers.
Transitioning from basal–bolus or premix insulin therapy to a combination of basal insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mehta Roopa , Billings Liana K. , Liebl Andreas , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTwo fixed‐ratio combinations (FRCs) of basal insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) are available for once‐daily use in adults with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to review the clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of changing treatment from a basal–bolus insulin (BBI) regimen or a premix insulin to these combination treatments (fixed‐ratio or loose) and provide expert opinion on the practicalities of making such a change.MethodsRelevant clinical and trial evidence and general review articles were identified through a literature review of ProQuest (comprising BIOSIS Previews®, Current Contents® Search, Embase® and MEDLINE®) for articles published between 2009 and 2021.ResultsWe identified nine articles reporting the results of FRCs, and seven articles reporting results of loose combinations of basal insulin and GLP‐1RAs, in people who transitioned treatment from BBI or premix regimens. In most trials, combination treatment led to improved or equivalent glycaemic control, and a reduction in body weight or BMI, versus the original regimens. Some trials reported a reduction in total insulin dose. A few trials reported reduced or unchanged hypoglycaemia rates, or increased patient satisfaction, with combination therapy where these endpoints were examined. We provide guidance on transitioning of treatment and the patient types most likely to benefit.ConclusionsIn people not achieving glycaemic control with BBI or premix insulin regimens, an FRC or loose combination of basal insulin and GLP‐1RA may improve control, decrease the risk of body weight gain or hypoglycaemia and reduce the complexity of treatment.
Predictors of mental health service utilization as adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder transition into adulthood
Authors: Girela‐Serrano Braulio , Miguélez Carolina , Porras‐Segovia Alejandro Albán , Díaz Cristina , Moreno Manon , Peñuelas‐Calvo Inmaculada , Roselló Rocio , Baca‐García Enrique , Carballo Juan José 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may persist into adulthood and are likely to cause great problems in young adults. To date, few studies have explored the characteristics of patients diagnosed with ADHD that might influence the utilization of adult mental health services (AMHS). We aimed to examine and identify predictive symptoms of AMHS.MethodsWe analysed data from 114 participants diagnosed with ADHD from a cohort of adolescents recruited at the age of 12–17 years, who, at the time of data analysis, were over 18 years old.ResultsAmong AMHS users, hyperactivity/impulsivity measures were significantly more severe (t = 2.668, df = 112, p < .001), ADHD combined subtype diagnosis (χ2 = 4.66, df = 1, p = .031) was more frequent and dysregulation profile in the SDQ‐P was also significantly higher (t = −2.497, df = 109, p = .014). However, the dysregulation profile did not remain statistically significant after controlling for type of AMHS contact.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adolescents with ADHD are more likely continue their care under AMHS if they present more severe symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. The better characterization of the patient profile will help clinicians to early identify groups at‐risk and to tailor interventions and prevention strategies.
Towards preventing “decriminalization” of domestic violence at DOVVSU, Ghana
Authors: Morhe Renee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDomestic violence in Ghana is a criminal offense under the Domestic Violence Act, 2007 (Act 732). Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit (DOVVSU) of the Ghana Police Service is the recommended first point of call for handling complaints. Act 732 prescribes prosecution of cases, but also provides avenue for reconciliation through ADR method under strict criteria or conditions which state, among others, that use of ADR is only for cases where violence is not aggravated or serious in nature or cases which do not attract imprisonment of more than 2 years. Since its establishment DOVVSU has seen increasing patronage of its ADR services but little information exists on case selection for the process to avoid “decriminalization” of domestic violence. This study focuses on the ADR choice decision making at DOVVSU, Kumasi to determine level of compliance with these conditions. Thematic analysis of questionnaires and in‐depth interviews of service users and providers in this qualitative study, established that DOVVSU did not follow the case selection criteria outlined in Act 732, which potentially has the effect of “decriminalization” of domestic violence in Ghana.
Option trading and returns versus the 52‐week high and low
Authors: Choy Siu Kai , Wei Jason 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe show that option traders suffer from the anchoring effect induced by the stock price's 52‐week high or low. Specifically, (1) trading of all options decreases as the stock price approaches its 52‐week high or low, (2) the buy–sell imbalance for calls decreases and that for puts increases as the stock price approaches its 52‐week high, and the opposite occurs as the stock price approaches its 52‐week low, and (3) the subsequent delta‐hedged option returns for both calls and puts are higher as the stock price approaches its 52‐week extreme.
An enhanced GRASP approach for the index tracking problem
Authors: Silva Julio Cezar Soares , Silva Diogo Ferreira de Lima , de Almeida Filho Adiel Teixeira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndex tracking models build portfolios of limited size that replicate the performance of a market index. As the size of the index grows, it becomes impractical to find an optimal solution. As far as we know, this work proposes the first greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) approach for index tracking. GRASP has proven to be efficient in combinatorial optimization problems and offers a solution construction procedure different from the standard index tracking optimization approaches, bringing a new perspective to the field. Results showed that the proposed GRASP approach found solutions with almost the same quality as those found by CPLEX solver in a smaller time, and the proposed local search component was competitive depending on the problem parametrization. The results found have practical implications concerning the achievement of good solutions by GRASP approaches in a smaller time when compared with hybrid genetic algorithms, and new perspectives for building GRASP heuristics for portfolio optimization problems.
Platelet distribution width associated with short‐term prognosis and cost in paediatrics with partial‐thickness thermal burns: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Li Dongjie , Sun Tianjun , Deng Huping , Li Ligen , Cai Jianhua , Shen Chuanan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlatelets exert important roles in burn wound healing and involving in inflammatory regulation and tissue repair. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is an indicator representing platelet morphology and activation. In this study, we try to evaluate the value of PDW in predicting short‐term prognosis and cost of paediatrics with partial‐thickness thermal burns. This retrospective study enrolled 73 children with partial‐thickness thermal burns. The Ability of PDW to predict wound healing was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. All 73 patients were assigned into high and low PDW group according to optimal cut‐off value from ROC curve. Associations between PDW and 2‐weeks healing rate, time to wound healing, in‐hospital cost and length of stay were evaluated. Furthermore, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to furtherly evaluate the significance of PDW in wound healing. We found that all baseline characteristics between groups were comparable (all P > .05). High PDW group had a significant higher 2‐weeks wound healing rate than those with a low PDW (66.7% versus 32.6%, P < .01). Moreover, the mean time to wound healing of high PDW was obviously shorter than that of low PDW group (15.4 ± 10.1 vs 20.7 ± 10.9, P = .04). Univariate (OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.09–0.65, P < .01) and multivariate (OR: 0.15, 95CI%:0.05–0.52, P < .01) analysis confirmed PDW as an independent marker for wound healing. Patients in high PDW group had a significant lower medical burden than low PDW group, including in‐hospital cost (13.7 ± 10.6 vs 21.9 ± 16.7, ×103RMB, P = .02) and length of stay (12.2 ± 8.8 vs 19.0 ± 10.8 days, P < .01). In conclusion, PDW can sever as a potential indictor to predict the short‐term prognosis of paediatrics with partial thickness thermal burns.
Molecular insights into the multifaceted functions and therapeutic targeting of high mobility group box 1 in metabolic diseases
Authors: Tao Zhipeng , Helms My N. , Leach Benjamin C. B. , Wu Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein localized in nucleus, cytoplasm, as well as secreted into extracellular space. Nuclear HMGB1 binds to DNAs and RNAs, regulating genomic stability and transcription. Cytoplasmic HMGB1 regulates autophagy through binding to core autophagy regulators. Secreted extracellular HMGB1 functions as a ligand to various receptors (RAGE and TLRs, etc.), regulating multiple signalling pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K and NF‐κB signallings. Trafficking and localization of HMGB1 across cellular compartments could be regulated by its posttranslational modifications, which fine‐tune its functions in metabolic diseases, inflammation and cancers. The current review examines the up‐to‐date findings pertaining to the biological functions of HMGB1, with focus on its posttranslational modifications and roles in downstream signalling pathways involved in metabolic diseases. This review also discusses the feasibility of targeting HMGB1 as a potential pharmacological intervention for metabolic diseases.