bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Dynamic Mitochondrial Calcium Fluxes in Isolated Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Krstic Anna Maria , Power Amelia Sally , Ward Marie-Louise 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCardiomyocyte contraction requires a constant supply of ATP, which varies depending on work rate. Maintaining ATP supply is particularly important during excitation-contraction coupling, where cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes drive repeated cycles of contraction and relaxation. Ca2+ is one of the key regulators of ATP production, and its uptake into the mitochondrial matrix occurs via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Fluorescent indicators are commonly used for detecting cytosolic Ca2+ changes. However, visualizing mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes using similar methods is more difficult, as the fluorophore must be permeable to both the sarcolemma and the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our aim was therefore to optimize a method using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Rhod-2 to visualize beat-to-beat mitochondrial calcium fluxes in rat cardiomyocytes.MethodsHealthy, adult male Wistar rat hearts were isolated and enzymatically digested to yield rod-shaped, quiescent ventricular cardiomyocytes. The fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Rhod-2 was reduced to di-hydroRhod-2 and confocal microscopy was used to validate mitochondrial compartmentalization. Cardiomyocytes were subjected to various pharmacological interventions, including caffeine and β-adrenergic stimulation. Upon confirmation of mitochondrial Rhod-2 localization, loaded myocytes were then super-fused with 1.5 mM Ca2+ Tyrodes containing 1 μM isoproterenol and 150 μM spermine. Myocytes were externally stimulated at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Hz and whole cell recordings of both cytosolic ([Ca2+]cyto) and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]mito) transients were made.ResultsMyocytes loaded with di-hydroRhod-2 revealed a distinct mitochondrial pattern when visualized by confocal microscopy. Application of 20 mM caffeine revealed no change in fluorescence, confirming no sarcoplasmic reticulum compartmentalization. Myocytes loaded with di-hydroRhod-2 also showed a large increase in fluorescence within the mitochondria in response to β-adrenergic stimulation (P &lt; 0.05). Beat-to-beat mitochondrial Ca2+ transients were smaller in amplitude and had a slower time to peak and maximum rate of rise relative to cytosolic calcium transients at all stimulation frequencies (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMyocytes loaded with di-hydroRhod-2 revealed mitochondrial specific compartmentalization. Mitochondrial Ca2+ transients recorded from di-hydroRhod-2 loaded myocytes were distinct in comparison to the large and rapid Rhod-2 cytosolic transients, indicating different kinetics between [Ca2+]cyto and [Ca2+]mito transients. Overall, our results showed that di-hydroRhod-2 loading is a quick and suitable method for measuring beat-to-beat [Ca2+]mito transients in intact myocytes.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Their Influencing Factors Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Survey Study From Drug Resistance Surveillance in East China
Authors: Wu Qian , Wang Min , Zhang Yu , Wang Wei , Ye Teng-Fei , Liu Kui , Chen Song-Hua 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have become serious global concerns, while the comprehensive evaluations of DM status and drug resistance in TB patients are still lacking.MethodsAll details of TB cases were collected from drug resistance monitoring sentinels in Zhejiang province. Fisher's exact test or Pearson chi-square test (χ2) was used to compare the baseline characteristics among TB with different DM statuses. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between DM and different drug resistance spectra. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic model were used to explore the possible risk factors of drug resistance in TB patients with DM and no DM.Results936 TB cases with smear-positive in Zhejiang province were collected, in which 76 patients (8.12%) owned the co-morbidity of DM. TB-DM prevalence was higher in older, Han nationality, employed, accompanied by no health insurance and hepatitis B status. Among 860 cases of TB-no DM and 76 cases of TB-DM, drug resistance-TB accounted for 31.51% and 23.68% (P&gt; 0.05), MR-TB accounted for 15.93% and 14.47% (P&gt; 0.05), respectively. MDR-TB was 4.88% and 6.58% (P&gt; 0.05). The incidence of poly-drug resistant tuberculosis (PDR-TB) in TB-no DM patients (10.70 vs. 2.63%, OR: 4.43; 95% CI, 1.07–18.36) was higher than that in the TB-DM group (P&lt; 0.05). In univariate and multivariate analysis, none of the basic factors were statistically significant with drug resistance among TB-DM cases (allP&gt; 0.05). Retreatment was the risk factor of drug resistance among TB-no DM cases.ConclusionsOur results showed that the drug resistance rate of the TB-DM group was not higher than that of the TB-no DM group. Patients with TB-no DM were at a higher risk for PDR-TB, but not for MDR-TB, MR-TB, and drug resistance-TB. Special attention should be paid to TB-no DM patients who have been previously treated. In the future, large-scale and well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify the impact of DM on the drug-resistance among TB.
Associations Between Uncertainty Stress, Life Stress and Internet Addiction Among Medical Students
Authors: Yang Qian , Wu Zhihua , Yang Xiaozhao , Jiang Shuhan , Wu Dan , Oliffe John L. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesInternet Addiction (IA) is a growing issue predominate in adolescents and young adults. Although the effects of diverse stressors on IA have been highlighted, there is little consensus about the specific underpinnings of IA. The current study aims to investigate associations between uncertainty stress, life stress and IA among Chinese university medical students.MethodsA cross-sectional survey employing multi-stage sampling was used. Data were collected from 6,061 students from 27 university medical programs across China. Associations between uncertainty stress, life stress, and IA were examined by means of multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe findings indicated that the overall IA prevalence was 12.6% (95% CI 11.7-13.5), life stress prevalence was 8.1% (95% CI 7.4-8.8), and uncertainty stress prevalence was 19.1% (95% CI 18.1-20.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that uncertainty stress [adjusted OR 2.60 (95% CI 2.14-3.15), P &lt; 0.001] and life stress [adjusted OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.32-2.23), P &lt; 0.001] were positively associated with IA. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) of uncertainty stress associated with IA was 29%, and that of life stress was 15%.ConclusionsThe contribution of uncertainty stress to IA is significantly higher than that of life stress. High uncertainty stress, being male and born in a region of higher economic status were associated with excessive Internet use and IA.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Mahmoud Ibrahim , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: January 2022

AimsTo estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated risk factors among the United Arab Emirates (UAE) residents.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among adults living in Sharjah and Northern Emirates using the UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) data. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) guidelines were used to define metabolic syndrome (MetS).ResultsA total of 3,212 subjects (74.1% men, 25.9% women, mean age 39 ± 11.3 years old) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of MetS was 37.4% (32.7% in women and 39% in men). The prevalence was 33.6% in the Emirati population (38.7% in women and 28.8% in men), 34.5% in the Arab non-Emirati population (29.8% in women and 36.3% in men) and 40.7% in the Asian non-Arab population (25.8% in women and 43.1% in men). Age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, marital status and body mass index were positively associated with MetS.ConclusionsThis study indicates a high burden of MetS in the UAE, particularly among Emirati women and Asian non-Arab men. The young adult population in the UAE has a high prevalence of MetS compared to global estimates in the same age group. Aggressive intervention strategies targeting the whole population as well as individuals at a high risk are recommended to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Quantity and Quality of Healthcare Professionals, Transfer Delay and In-hospital Mortality Among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Study of 89 Emergency Medical Stations in China
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Tian Wenya , Wu Rengyu , Qin Chongzhen , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhang Haiyan , Zhou Shuduo , Li Siwen , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTransfer delay provokes prolongation of prehospital time, which contributes to treatment delay that endangers patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A key constraint in reducing transfer delay is the shortage of emergency healthcare workers. This study was to explore the influence of the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations on transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted at 89 emergency stations in 9 districts in China's Shenzhen province. Based on a sample of 31 hospitals, 1,255 healthcare professionals, and 3,131 patients with STEMI, a generalized linear model was used to explore the associations between the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals and transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed to explore the reasons for the lack of qualified healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations.ResultsThe analysis of the quantity of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 5.087 min (95% CI −6.722, −3.452; P &lt; 0.001). An increase of one nurse per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 1.471 min (95% CI −2.943, 0.002; P=0.050). Analysis of the quality of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 8.508 min (95% CI −10.457, −6.558; P &lt; 0.001). An increase of one nurse with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 6.645 min (95% CI −8.218, −5.072; P &lt; 0.001). Qualitative analysis illustrated that the main reasons for low satisfaction of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations included low income, limited promotion opportunities, and poor working environment.ConclusionsThe quantity and quality of emergency healthcare professionals are key factors influencing transfer delay in STEMI patients. The government should increase the quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations, strengthen the training, and improve their performance by linking with clinical pathways to enhance job enthusiasm among emergency healthcare professionals.
Risk Factors Analysis of Thoracic Trauma Complicated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Observation of Curative Effect of Lung-Protective Ventilation
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Dong Zefang , Wang Yusuo , Gu Peidong , Fang Jinghua , Gao Shaolin 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo explore the risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to thoracic trauma and the therapeutic effect of protective lung ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated with thoracic trauma.MethodsWe collected 206 patients with thoracic trauma admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to March 2021, counted the incidence of ARDS and analyzed the risk factors of ARDS. To observe the clinical efficacy of the application of lung-protective ventilation therapy in patients with thoracic trauma combined with ARDS.ResultsAmong 206 patients with thoracic trauma, there were 82 cases of combined ARDS, and its incidence was 39.81%. The 82 patients with ARDS were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 42 cases each, and different ventilation methods were used for treatment. The results showed that the mechanical ventilation time (MVT) was shorter in the observation group than in the control group, and the incidence of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) and case fatality rate (CFR) were lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and Oxygenation index (arterial partial pressure of oxygen/Fraction of inspiration O2, PaO2/FiO2) were significantly improved better in both groups after treatment; compared with the control group, patients in the observation group had higher Pa02 levels and lower PaCO2 levels at 8 h and 24 h after ventilation (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that blunt trauma, massive blood transfusion, procalcitonin (PCT) level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, and acute physiology and chronic health score (APACHE II) were all risk factors for Thoracic trauma with ARDS.ConclusionRisk factors for the development of ARDS after thoracic trauma are blunt injuries, massive blood transfusion, high PCT and TNF-α levels, and high APACHE II scores, which can be given active interventions in the early stage of clinical practice to improve patient prognosis. The use of protective lung ventilation therapy can improve the clinical outcome of patients with thoracic trauma combined with ARDS, which is important for improving the ventilation effect and respiratory function of patients.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HEPATITIS B PADA PENDONOR DI UNIT TRANSFUSI DARAH KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Triana Dessy , Sinuhaji Besly , Talitha Rambe Connya , Asteria Marisadonna , Eka Patri Yuliyanti Maria 
Published: January 2022

Angka kejadian Hepatitis B masih sangat tinggi di dunia dan Indonesia, perjalanan penyakit secara kronis menjadi kanker hati. Kejadian Hepatitis B memiliki banyak faktor risiko seperti faktor sosiodemografi, gaya hidup dan golongan darah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi dan golongan darah terhadap kejadian hepatitis B. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian retrosprektif dari tahun 2018-2020. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 100 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dengan teknik simple random sampling dari data rekam medis PMI Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 84 orang (84%) dan perempuan sebanyak 16 orang (16%). Usia subjek penelitian paling banyak ada pada rentang 20-29 tahun (43%). Pekerjaan yang terbanyak mengalami infeksi hepatitis B adalah wiraswasta (28%). Golongan darah yang paling banyak mengalami infeksi Hepatitis B adalah golongan darah A+ (41%). Analisis multivariat dengan metode PCA menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa faktor eksternal (faktor pekerjaan) dan faktor internal (golongan darah, usia dan jenis kelamin) mempengaruhi kejadian Hepatitis B sebesar 36,3% dan 27,5%. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh faktor eksternal dan internal terhadap kejadian Hepatitis B sebesar 26%.
The incidence of Hepatitis B is still very high globally, and in Indonesia, the chronic manifestations become liver cancer. The incidence of Hepatitis B has many risk factors such as sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and blood type. The research aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and blood type on the incidence of hepatitis B. This study was a retrospective study from 2018-2020. The research subjects were 100 people. The data collection technique used a simple random sampling technique from the medical record data of PMI Bengkulu City. The results showed 84 men (84%) and 16 women (16%). The age of most research subjects is in the range of 20-29 years (43%). The occupation with the most hepatitis B infection is entrepreneurs (28%). The blood group with the most hepatitis B infection was blood type A+ (41%). Multivariate analysis using the PCA method showed statistically that external factors (occupational factors) and internal factors (blood type, age, and sex) affected the incidence of Hepatitis B by 36.3% and 27.5%, respectively. The logistic regression results showed an influence of external and internal factors on the incidence of Hepatitis B by 26%.
Ethnographical Features in Upcountry Tamil Novels of Sri Lanka
Authors: P Sarawanakumar 
Published: January 2022

Upcountry Tamil community in Sri Lanka has unique social, economic and cultural elements. Today, the so-called Upcountry Tamils of Sri Lanka are those who were brought from the rural areas of South India to cultivate cash crops such as coffee, tea and rubber, which were introduced by the British in the 19th century. The literary works about them are the Sri Lankan Upcountry Tamil Literatures. They are also literary copies of the unique cultural treasuries of Upcountry Tamils. This study examines the ethnographic elements found in upcountry Tamil novels. The main objective of this study is to identify the ethnographical elements in Sri Lankan upcountry Tamil novels based on the ethnographic theory of one of the fields of anthropology. The primary sources are novels by non- Upcountry novelists such as Gokilam Subbaiah's Thoorathup Pachai and Buloliyur Ka. Sathasivam’s Mooddathinulle. Both the novels are cultural treasures that reveal the social formation, cultural identities, hierarchies, lifestyles, beliefs, rituals, Material cultures, etc. of the Upcountry Tamils. Gokilam Subbaiah and Ka. Sathasivam have documented in they are novels the Traits the ethnographic researcher's observation, participation, and meticulous translation of cultural features. It is these features that may distinguish the Thoorathup Pachai and the novel Mooddathinulle in the upcountry Tamil novels.
Tamil Classical Foundations in Ezhuthachan Ramayana
Authors: R Rathi 
Published: January 2022

Morality has been talked about at various levels as a part of culture, a weapon of the dominant society and a life guide to the way of life that guides human society. The adhyatma ramayanam-kilippattu, written in Malayalam, is taken as the site of the book, which is written in Malayalam, in view of the impact of the ethics spoken on the Tamil cultural plane. The source of the Ramayana is the adhyatma Ramayana in Sanskrit. Similarly, Sanskrit is the source of the Ramayanas that arose in Tamil. Therefore, considering that the influence of the original language is inevitable that it is inevitable that it will be included in the copies that follow it, it is here that the book of Etiquette is primarily meant to carry out the search for Sanskrit ethics. Similarly, thirukkural is primarily concerned with the search for Dravidian morality. This article is designed to show that whatever is beneficial to many is done as a modern moral, although various ethical ideas are spoken of at various levels.
Something Odd and Something New: A Case of Shewanella putrefaciens Peritonitis and Bacteremia Treated with Intraperitoneal Cefepime
Authors: Santos Abigail , Varughese Christy , Shankaran Shivanjali 
Published: January 2022

Shewanella spp. is a Gram-negative rod that is normally found in the marine environment and rarely causes illness in humans. Since the late 1970s, cases of Shewanella spp. infection have been described in the literature with a wide array of clinical syndromes and was found to be commonly seen in patients with predisposing conditions. We report a case of a 73 year old woman with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis who presented with a 3 day history of abdominal pain and was found to have Shewanella putrefaciens peritonitis complicated by bacteremia. She was treated in a novel and successful way by administration of intraperitoneal cefepime. This was further validated by adequate cefepime blood concentrations after drawing a cefepime serum level on day 8 of treatment. To the best of our knowledge, intraperitoneal antibiotic administration to treat both bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia has not been reported in the literature. This treatment approach could potentially be a good precedent for peritoneal dialysis patients needing antibiotics as a less invasive option for antibiotic administration.
A Case of Acute Fever with Thrombocytopenia: Diagnostic and Clinical Review of Acute Q Fever Infections
Authors: Scully Morgan 
Published: January 2022

Q (Query) fever is a zoonotic illness caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetti, which is transmitted to humans via host animals, usually cattle, sheep and goats. Acute Q fever often presents as a flu-like illness or atypical pneumonia that is nonspecific and often self-limiting. The identification of acute infection is clinically important due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with chronic infection. We present a case of a 43-year-old female who lived in the vicinity of cattle and goats and presented with an acute febrile illness found to be secondary to acute Q fever infection. Exposure to Q fever in the United States is frequently not associated with a classical occupational exposure and should be considered in those living in areas near to possible host animals. We discuss clinical presentation and clues to diagnosis, as well as relevant epidemiology. This case highlights important considerations for risk stratification for chronic infection and follow-up in acute Q fever patients.
الشعور بالنقص وعلاقته بمعنى الحياة لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: فارس م.د .امجد كاظم 
Published: January 2022

الشعور بالنقص هو شعور ينتاب الفرد في حياته ويرتبط هذا الشعور بشكل كبير بتقدير ذات منخفض من خلال أحساس الفرد داخلياً بعدم الراحة النفسية سواء أكان بسبب نظرة الفرد الغير جيدة لنفسه أو بسبب شعوره بأن الآخرين ينظرون إليه نظرة سلبية، لذلك فالأفراد كثيراً ما يتألمون من هذه الحالة لعدم وجود معنى للحياة لعدم معرفتهم ماذا ينبغي لهم أن يفعلوه أو ما يريدوه ،فالفرد الذي يعاني من هذه الحالة يعبر عن نفسه بحالة من التوتر والملل والفراغ الداخلي في نفسه ويسعى دائماً من الهروب من الحياة اليومية للمجتمع لخلوها من المعنى بسبب أنشطته التي ليس لها معنى ،و استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على الشعور بالنقص لدى طلبة الجامعة كذلك، معنى الحياة وطبيعة العلاقة بين الشعور بالنقص ومعنى الحياة لدى طلبة الجامعة ،وتتطلب ذلك بناء إداتان لقياس الشعور بالنقص ومعنى الحياة وباعتماد على نظرية الفريد ادلر للشعور بالنقص ونظرية فيكتور فرانكل لمعنى الحياة وطبق المقياسان على عينة البحث وهم طلبة الجامعة، وكانت النتائج وجود شعوراً بالنقص ومعنى للحياة ، وتوجد علاقة بينهما ،وتوجد فروق بين الذكور والاناث ولصالح الاناث، ولا توجد فروق بين التخصص العلمي والانساني بالنسبة لمتغير الشعور بالنقص، وكذلك توجد فروق بين الذكور والاناث ولصالح الذكور، والتخصص العلمي والانساني ولصالح التخصص العلمي لمتغير معنى الحياة، وخرج البحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.