bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Evapotranspiration of Pomegranate Trees Using Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCN) and UAV Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Niu Haoyu , Zhao Tiebiao , Wang Dong , Chen YangQuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important in precision agriculture water management, such as evaluating soil moisture, drought monitoring, and assessing crop water stress. As a traditional method, evapotranspiration estimation using crop coefficient (Kc) has been commonly used. Since there are strong similarities between the Kc curve and the vegetation index curve, the crop coefficient Kc is usually estimated as a function of the vegetation index. Researchers have developed linear regression models for the Kc and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), usually derived from satellite imagery. However, the spatial resolution of the satellite image is often insufficient for crops with clumped canopy structures, such as vines and trees. Therefore, in this article, the authors used Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to collect high-resolution multispectral imagery in a pomegranate orchard located at the USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA. The Kc values were measured from a weighing lysimeter and the NDVI values were derived from UAV imagery. Then, the authors established a relationship between the NDVI and Kc by using a linear regression model and a stochastic configuration networks (SCN) model, respectively. Based on the research results, the linear regression model has an R2 of 0.975 and RMSE of 0.05. The SCN regression model has an R2 and RMSE value of 0.995 and 0.046, respectively. Compared with the linear regression model, the SCN model improved performance in predicting Kc from NDVI. Then, actual evapotranspiration was estimated and compared with lysimeter data in an experimental pomegranate orchard. The UAV imagery provided a spatial and tree-by-tree view of ET distribution.
Impact of China’s environmental decentralization on carbon emissions from energy consumption: an empirical study based on the dynamic spatial econometric model
Authors: Liu Xianzhao , Yang Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFacing the growing problem of carbon emission pollution, the scientific and reasonable division of environmental management power between governments is the premise and institutional foundation for realizing China’s carbon emission reduction target in 2030. In this article, we directly assess the degree of environmental decentralization according to the allocation of environmental managers among different levels of government. By incorporating fiscal decentralization indicators, the provincial panel data and dynamic spatial econometric model are used to empirically test the impact of environmental decentralization on carbon emissions from a spatial perspective. The results show that (1) China’s provincial carbon emissions have significant inertia dependence and spatial path dependence. The increase (decrease) of provincial carbon emissions will lead to the increase (decrease) of carbon emissions in neighboring regions. (2) At the national level, environmental decentralization, environmental administrative decentralization, and environmental monitoring decentralization significantly reduce China’s carbon emissions, while environmental supervision decentralization and fiscal decentralization significantly increase carbon emissions. Similarly, the interaction of environmental decentralization and its decomposition indicators and fiscal decentralization also significantly promotes carbon emissions, and the impact is related to the types of environmental management decentralization. (3) The carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization in different regions are heterogeneous. The inhibition effect of environmental decentralization, environmental administrative decentralization, and environmental monitoring decentralization on carbon emissions in the western region is significantly greater than that in the eastern and central regions, but the inhibitory effect of the interaction of environmental decentralization and its decomposition index and fiscal decentralization on carbon emissions in the eastern region was significantly stronger than that in the central and western regions. The above results provide theoretical support for China to construct a differentiated carbon emission environmental management system from two aspects of regional differences and environmental management power categories.
LVEF by Multigated Acquisition Scan Compared to Other Imaging Modalities in Cardio-Oncology: a Systematic Review
Authors: Printezi Markella I. , Yousif Laura I. E. , Kamphuis Janine A. M. , van Laake Linda W. , Cramer Maarten J. , Hobbelink Monique G. G. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Teske Arco J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is increasing due to improved cancer survival. Serial monitoring of cardiac function is essential to detect CTRCD, guiding timely intervention strategies. Multigated radionuclide angiography (MUGA) has been the main screening tool using left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to monitor cardiac dysfunction. However, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) may be more suitable for serial assessment. We aimed to assess the concordance between different non-radiating imaging modalities with MUGA to determine whether they can be used interchangeably.

Recent Findings
In order to identify relevant studies, a PubMed search was performed. We included cross-sectional studies comparing MUGA LVEF to that of 2D TTE, 3D TTE, and CMR. From 470 articles, 22 were selected, comprising 1017 patients in total. Among others, this included three 3D TTE, seven 2D harmonic TTE + contrast (2DHC), and seven CMR comparisons. The correlations and Bland-Altman limits of agreement varied for CMR but were stronger for 3D TTE and 2DHC.

Summary
Our findings suggest that MUGA and CMR should not be used interchangeably whereas 3D TTE and 2DHC are appropriate alternatives following an initial MUGA scan. We propose a multimodality diagnostic imaging strategy for LVEF monitoring in patients undergoing cancer treatment.
Psychology as a historical science? Theoretical assumptions, methodological considerations, and potential pitfalls
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Mayrhofer Roland 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current condition of (Western) academic psychology can be criticized for various reasons. In the past years, many debates have been centered around the so-called “replication crisis” and the “WEIRD people problem”. However, one aspect which has received relatively little attention is the fact that psychological research is typically limited to currently living individuals, while the psychology of the past remains unexplored. We find that more research in the field of historical psychology is required to capture both the similarities and differences between psychological mechanisms both then and now. We begin by outlining the potential benefits of understanding psychology also as a historical science and explore these benefits using the example of stress. Finally, we consider methodological, ideological, and practical pitfalls, which could endanger the attempt to direct more attention toward cross-temporal variation. Nevertheless, we suggest that historical psychology would contribute to making academic psychology a truly universal endeavor that explores the psychology of all humans.
Social touch in the age of computational ethology: Embracing as a multidimensional and complex behaviour
Authors: Ocklenburg Sebastian , Packheiser Julian , Hidalgo-Gadea Guillermo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial affective touch is an important aspect of close relationships in humans. It has been also observed in many non-human primate species. Despite the high relevance of behaviours like embraces for personal wellbeing and mental health, they remain vastly under-investigated in psychology. This may be because psychology often relies on a limited repertoire of behavioural measurements such as error rates and reaction time measurements. These are, however, insufficient to capture the multidimensional complexity of highly interactive dyadic behaviours like embraces. Based on recent advances in computational ethology in animal models, the rapidly emerging field of human computational ethology utilizes an accessible repertoire of machine learning methods to track and quantify complex natural behaviours. We highlight how such techniques can be utilized to investigate social touch and which preliminary conditions, motor aspects and higher-level interactions need to be considered. Ultimately, integration of computational ethology with mobile neuroscience techniques such as ultraportable EEG systems will allow for an ecologically valid investigation of social affective touch in humans that will advance psychological research of emotions.
Comparison of transient and permanent LAD ligation in mice using 18F-FDG PET imaging
Authors: Fischer Maximilian , Weinberger Tobias , Messerer Denise , Zacherl Mathias J. , Schulz Christian , Massberg Steffen , Bartenstein Peter , Lehner Sebastian , Boening Guido , Todica Andrei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Animal models for myocardial injuries represent important cornerstones in cardiovascular research to monitor the pathological processes and therapeutic approaches. We investigated the association of 18F-FDG derived left ventricular metabolic volume (LVMV), defect area and cardiac function in mice after permanent or transient ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Methods
Serial non-invasive ECG-gated 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) after permanent or transient LAD ligation enabled a longitudinal in vivo correlation of 18F-FDG derived left ventricular metabolic volume to functional parameters and myocardial defect.

Results
The LVMV shows a more prominent drop after permanent than transient LAD ligation and recovers after 30 days. The loss of LVMV correlates with the defect area assessed by QPS software. Cardiac function parameters (e.g., EDV, ESV, SV) by the QGS software positively correlate with LVMV after permanent and transient LAD ligation.

Conclusions
This study provides novel insight into 18F-FDG derived LVMV after permanent and transient LAD ligation by longitudinal in 18F-FDG PET imaging and underlines the associations of the FDG derived parameter and cardiac function.
Optimal discounted drawdowns in a diffusion approximation under proportional reinsurance
Authors: Brinker Leonie Violetta , Schmidli Hanspeter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA diffusion approximation to a risk process under dynamic proportional reinsurance is considered. The goal is to minimise the discounted time in drawdown; that is, the time where the distance of the present surplus to the running maximum is larger than a given level
$d > 0$
. We calculate the value function and determine the optimal reinsurance strategy. We conclude that the drawdown measure stabilises process paths but has a drawback as it also prevents surpassing the initial maximum. That is, the insurer is, under the optimal strategy, not interested in any more profits. We therefore suggest using optimisation criteria that do not avoid future profits.
Hacking international organizations: The role of privileges, immunities, good faith and the principle of State sovereignty
Authors: Buchan Russell , Tsagourias Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which international law protects international organizations (IOs) from hacking operations committed by States. First, it analyzes whether hacking operations undertaken by member States and host States breach the privileges and immunities granted to IOs by their constitutive treaties, headquarters agreements, and conventions on privileges and immunities concerning the inviolability of their premises, property, assets, archives, documents and correspondence. The article also explores the question of whether hacking operations carried out by non-member States breach these provisions on the basis that they have passed into customary international law or because they attach to the international legal personality of IOs. Second, the article considers the question of whether hacking operations breach the principle of good faith. In this regard, it discusses the applicability of the principle of good faith to the relations between IOs, member States, host States and non-member States, and then considers how hacking operations impinge on a number of postulates emanating from good faith such as the pacta sunt servanda rule, the duty to respect the legal personality of IOs, the duties of loyalty, due regard and cooperation, and the duty not to abuse rights. Finally, the article examines the question of whether the principle of State sovereignty offers IOs indirect protection insofar as hacking can breach the sovereignty of the host State or the sovereignty of the State on whose cyber infrastructure the targeted data is resident.
Cross-biome antibiotic resistance decays after millions of years of soil development
Authors: Chen Qing-Lin , Hu Hang-Wei , Yan Zhen-Zhen , Zhu Yong-Guan , He Ji-Zheng , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soils harbor the most diverse naturally evolved antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on Earth, with implications for human health and ecosystem functioning. How ARGs evolve as soils develop over centuries, to millennia (i.e., pedogenesis), remains poorly understood, which introduces uncertainty in predictions of the dynamics of ARGs under changing environmental conditions. Here we investigated changes in the soil resistome by analyzing 16 globally distributed soil chronosequences, from centuries to millennia, spanning a wide range of ecosystem types and substrate age ranges. We show that ARG abundance and diversity decline only after millions of years of soil development as observed in very old chronosequences. Moreover, our data show increases in soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass as soil develops that were negatively correlated with the abundance and diversity of soil ARGs. This work reveals natural dynamics of soil ARGs during pedogenesis and suggests that such ecological patterns are predictable, which together advances our understanding of the environmental drivers of ARGs in terrestrial environments.
Thermal neutron fluence measurement using a cadmium differential method at the laser-driven neutron source
Authors: Mori Takato , Yogo Akifumi , Hayakawa Takehito , Mirfayzi Seyed R , Lan Zechen , Wei Tianyun , Abe Yuki , Arikawa Yasunobu , Nakai Mitsuo , Mima Kunioki , Nishimura Hiroaki , Fujioka Shinsuke , Kodama Ryosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We produced high-energy neutrons by p + Be and d + Be reactions with protons and deuterons with continuous energies of up to 30 and 10 MeV/u, respectively, provided from laser-plasma interactions. Thermal neutrons were subsequently generated through deceleration by a small moderator with conjunction on the Be target. Here, we report the measurements on the thermal neutron fluence using the activation method with/without Cd filters. The unstable isotopes of 198Au, 56Mn, 60Co, and 181Hf were produced through (n, γ) reactions by a single laser shot. The nuclear reaction fractions were evaluated by measuring the γ-rays emitted from these unstable isotopes. The thermal neutron fluences from the four nuclides are consistent within their experimental uncertainties. The fluence is evaluated to be (2.2 ± 0.4) × 105 neutrons cm−2 at the distance of approximately 9 mm at 90° against the laser axis. The present result shows that the method to generate thermal neutrons from a compact neutron source with a diameter of 44 mm and length of 46 mm is expected to be a useful tool for various nuclear experiments and applications.
Cluster radioactivity around shell closures: correlation of half-lives with the energy levels of daughter nuclei
Authors: Ismail M , Adel A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The emission of Be, C, O, and Ne clusters from seven parent nuclei with neutron numbers around the neutron magicities N = 82 and 126 are considered. The universal decay law (UDL) formula, as well as the double-folding model derived from the Michigan three-range Yukawa–Paris NN interaction with zero- and finite-range exchange components, are utilized to compute the half-life time for 23 cluster decay processes. The calculations utilizing the UDL formula show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The reliable UDL formula is used to calculate log T
c for more than 1500 cluster emitters and its variation with the neutron number, N
d, of the daughter nuclei is presented. The behavior of log T
c with neutron number variation is studied and correlated to the energy levels of the daughter nuclei. For a neutron number N
d larger than the neutron magic number, log T
c increases almost linearly with increasing N
d, leaving the daughter nuclei in most cases with the same nuclear spin value. This linear behavior of log T
c results from equal nuclear spin values of the daughter nuclei. At the magic neutron number, the nuclear spin changes strongly and as a result log T
c increases as N
d decreases. Log T
c reaches to a maximum value when all the neutrons in the cluster are emitted from levels below the neutron gap. Leaving the daughter nuclei in the same spin produces almost linear variation of log T
c. For protons in various clusters emitted from the same level or the same group of levels, log T
c has almost the same value and the same behavior of variation with N
d. Also, the values of log T
c for specific types of cluster depend on the N to Z ratio for different isotopes of this cluster. From the available nuclear spin values, the neutron energy levels around the magic numbers are presented.
The vibration modal characteristics of drillstring in compound drilling
Authors: Yuan Heyi , Dong Guangjian , Chen Yingjie , Wang Qiang , Mi Guangyong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The compound drilling plays an important role in improving borehole quality. The modal analysis model of drillstring is established to analyze the modal of longitudinal vibration, lateral vibration and torsional vibration, respectively. Compared with longitudinal and torsional vibrations, the intrinsic frequency range of lateral vibration are smaller, and it is harder to prevent resonance by adjusting critical rotation speed in case of lateral vibration. The intrinsic frequency of drillstring decreases as drillstring length increases. The longer drillstring is, the larger the increase and the smaller the interval range between the intrinsic frequencies of orders will be. It is easier to cause resonance when the frequency of exciting forces changes. As the number of order increases, the intrinsic frequency of the three vibrations increases and their increase amplitude is: longitudinal vibration > torsional vibration > lateral vibration. The results are benefit for the drillstring design and improving the wellbore quality.
Advancement of power generation system by instalment of solar photovoltaic system for multiple wells: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Sharma Kedar , Talwariya Akash 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes the solution for electricity issues in agriculture sector of particular location in Rajasthan. The issues reported about the availability of ground water and availability of Electricity from electric Grid. The study proposes a centralized solar photovoltaic system for available nearby open wells, which are being operated by diesel engine pump-sets, which emits greenhouse gases and pollute the environment. The proposed centralized photovoltaic system will provide power for submersible pump sets. The additional available power can be stored in batteries, utilized for charging the batteries of electrical vehicles or sell back to electric grid. This paper shows the cost analysis for proposed systems that can be applied and effective centralized solar photovoltaic system in the area considered for study. Centralized solar photovoltaic generation supply to different consumers in different slots and may increase the conflict between consumers, demand side management provide suitable solution to consumers is proposed and analyse in future work.
Should central bank liquidity be a vehicle for fiscal disciplining?
Authors: Vestergaard Jakob , Gabor Daniela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With notable exceptions, central banking scholars typically pay little attention to collateral frameworks, and therein, to the haircuts applied to the collateral assets pledged to access central bank liquidity. One such exception, Kjell Nyborg (2017) argues that the collateral policies adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB) aggravated the sovereign debt crisis and put the survival of the euro at risk. Drawing on the money view, we argue that Nyborg’s critique of the ECB’s crisis response is misguided and that his proposal to deepen and reinforce the ECBs role in the fiscal disciplining of member states via its collateral framework would be procyclical and destabilizing. We identify core principles for collateral policies suitable to stabilise market-based financial systems: (i) countercyclical haircuts, (ii) suspension of collateral valuation practices; and should these not be sufficient to abate collateral market liquidity strains, (iii) outright purchases of collateral assets.
Three-dimensional crustal and upper-mantle resistivity structure of Alberta, Canada: implications for Precambrian tectonics
Authors: Wang Enci , Unsworth Martyn 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
This paper describes the first detailed 3-D study of the Alberta basement using the magnetotelluric (MT) method. Long-period MT data were used to generate a 3-D electrical resistivity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath Alberta. The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin was imaged as a low-resistivity layer. A number of crustal and upper-mantle conductors were imaged and include: (1) the Red Deer conductor, (2) the Kiskatinaw conductor, (3) a conductor coincident with the Kimiwan oxygen isotope anomaly, (4) the southern Alberta–British Columbia conductor, (5) the Loverna block conductor and (6) a conductor beneath the Birch Mountain kimberlite field. Conductors (3) and (6) are newly identified in this study. All of these conductors can be related to past tectonic events associated with the assembly of Laurentia and subsequent kimberlite magmatism. The depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary across Alberta varies from 150 to 300 km as defined from the 100 Ω m contour. Furthermore, the Snowbird tectonic zone in Alberta is characterized by a thick, resistive lithosphere. Similarly, the diamondiferous Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field is imaged with a thick, resistive lithosphere, both may indicate depletion. In contrast, the Birch Mountain kimberlite field is underlain by a pronounced conductor that extends through the lithosphere and may be the result of metasomatism.
The Sincerest Form of Flattery? Biosimilars in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Patil Seema A , Bhat Shubha , Limdi Jimmy K , Farraye Francis A , Cross Raymond K 
Published: March 2022

Lay Summary
Biosimilar medications have the potential to significantly reduce the cost of treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Observational studies have shown similar efficacy and safety of biosimilars to biologic reference products. Shared decision-making is crucial to the successful implementation of these agents.