bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANGPTL8 links inflammation and poor differentiation, which are characteristics of malignant renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsukawa Takuo , Doi Tomomitsu , Obayashi Kunie , Sumida Kazuhiro , Fujimoto Naohiro , Endo Motoyoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInflammation is observed in many tumors, which affects metastasis, infiltration, and immune escape and causes poor differentiation of the cancer cells. However, the molecular basis underlying the relationship between inflammation and poor differentiation in tumors has not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that angiopoietin‐like protein‐8 (ANGPTL8), which is induced by stress stimuli such as inflammation, is involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. ANGPTL8 is also involved in the production of chemokines that attract immune suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment. ANGPTL8 sustains the continuous production of chemokines by activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway and maintains the undifferentiated state of ccRCC cells. Finally, ANGPTL8 is induced by STAT3 signaling, which is activated by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. These results support a role for ANGPTL8 in determining the properties of ccRCC by hampering tumor cell differentiation and establishing the tumor microenvironment.
Molecular target interactions of quinoline derivatives as anticancer agents: A review
Authors: Pradhan Vikas ,   Salahuddin , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Abdullah Mohammad Mustaqeem , Shahar Yar Mohammad , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Ullah Zabih 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the leading causes of death worldwide is cancer, which poses substantial risks to both society and an individual's life. Cancer therapy is still challenging, despite developments in the field and continued research into cancer prevention. The search for novel anticancer active agents with a broader cytotoxicity range is therefore continuously ongoing. The benzene ring gets fused to a pyridine ring at two carbon atoms close to one another to form the double ring structure of the heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen molecule known as quinoline (1‐azanaphthalene). Quinoline derivatives contain a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, and antimalarial properties. Quinoline derivatives have also been shown to have anticancer properties. There are many quinoline derivatives widely available as anticancer drugs that act via a variety of mechanisms on various molecular targets, such as inhibition of topoisomerase, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization.
Left atrial contraction strain during a Valsalva manoeuvre: A study in healthy humans
Authors: Gottfridsson Peter , Law Lucy , A'roch Roman , Myrberg Tomi , Hultin Magnus , Lindqvist Per , Haney Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac mechanics are influenced by loading conditions as well as sympathetic tone. Left atrial (LA) contractile function assessed by two‐dimensional (2D) strain has been described in the setting of controlled preload alterations; however, studies show conflicting findings about change or direction of change. We hypothesized that the controlled preload reduction and the sympathetic nervous system activation that occurs during a standardized Valsalva manoeuvre would bring about a change in LA contraction strain.MethodsHealthy young adults of both sexes were recruited. Transthoracic echocardiographic ultrasound images were collected before and during a Valsalva manoeuvre. Standard imaging windows for LA strain assessment were used and the images were copied and stored for later offline analysis. These were assessed for adequate atrial wall visualization in 2D strain assessment. Paired comparisons were carried out using Student's T test.ResultThirty‐eight participants were included and there were 22 complete studies with paired pre‐ and during Valsalva manoeuvre. LA contraction strain at baseline was 10.5 ± 2.8% (standard deviation) and during the Valsalva manoeuvre 10.6 ± 4.6%, p = 0.86.ConclusionThe Valsalva manoeuvre, a combination of preload reduction and sympathetic nervous system activation, seems not to be associated with a change in LA contraction strain in healthy young individuals. LA contraction strain should be interpreted in the context of both atrial loading conditions and prevailing autonomic nervous system activity.
Safety and feasibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Midgley Adrian W. , Levy Andrew R. , Cunha Felipe A. , Key Angela , Patterson Joanne M. , Rogers Simon N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeAssess safety and feasibility of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) for evaluating head and neck cancer (HaNC) survivors. Also compare their cardiorespiratory fitness to age and sex‐matched norms and establish current physical activity levels.MethodsFifty HaNC survivors [29 male; mean (SD) age, 62 (8) years], who had completed treatment up to 1 year previously, were recruited. Participants performed a CPET on a cycle ergometer to symptom‐limited tolerance. Participants completed a questionnaire to report contributory factors they perceived as influencing test termination. Physical activity levels were determined using a self‐reported physical activity questionnaire.ResultsThree participants did not complete the CPET because (1) poor fitting mouthpiece and naso‐oral mask due to facial disfiguration from surgery; (2) knee pain elicited by cycling; and (3) early CPET termination due to electrocardiogram artefacts. Participants reached a mean peak oxygen uptake that was 34% lower than predicted and the mean (SD) CPET duration of 7:52 (2:29) min:s was significantly lower than the target test duration of 10 min (p < 0.001). Leg muscle aches and/or breathing discomfort were major contributory factors influencing test termination for 78% of participants, compared to 13% for dry mouth/throat and/or drainage in the mouth/throat. No major adverse events occurred. Participants were categorised as 26% active, 8% moderately active, and 66% insufficiently active.ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest the CPET appears safe and feasible for most HaNC survivors when strict exclusion criteria are applied; however, low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness should be considered when calculating an appropriate ramp rate.
Time‐frequency comovement among green financial assets and cryptocurrency uncertainties
Authors: Haq Inzamam Ul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe high energy consumption and carbon footprints have raised environmental and sustainable concerns of green investors and policymakers. This study explores comovements between three green and socially responsible financial assets, S&P global clean energy index (GCEI), S&P green bonds index (GB), DJ sustainability world index (DJSWI) and four cryptocurrency uncertainty/attention indices cryptocurrency policy uncertainty index, Central Bank Digital Currencies Uncertainty Index, Central Bank Digital Currencies Attentions Index and Index of Cryptocurrency Environmental Attention using the bivariate wavelet coherence approach. The findings show that GCEI, GB, DJSWI returns have consistent positive comovement with all cryptocurrency uncertainty/attention indices in the medium‐term, suggesting their time‐varying leading role. Evidence of negative coherences shows that higher cryptocurrency uncertainties/attentions lead to lower green financial asset returns, reflecting the adverse impact of higher uncertainties/attention on the trust of green and sustainable investors. The above empirical findings offer up‐to‐date insights for guiding policymakers, and regulators, enabling them in environmental policy development. Furthermore, socially responsible investors can make better investment judgments by considering the environmental concerns in the cryptocurrency marketplaces.
The diagenetic fate of collagen as revealed by analytical pyrolysis of fossil fish scales from deep time
Authors: Umamaheswaran Raman , Dutta Suryendu , Prasad Guntupalli V. R. , Khan Mahasin Ali , Kumar Sumit , Bera Subir , Patnaik Rajeev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of protein degradation has remained a topic of debate (specifically concerning their preservation in deep time), which has recently been invigorated due to multiple published reports of preservation ranging from Miocene to the Triassic that potentially challenge the convention that protein preservation beyond the Cenozoic is extremely uncommon or is expected to be absent altogether, and thus have attracted skepticism. In this paper, we analyze fossil fish scales from the Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic using comprehensive pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and compare the pyrolytic products so obtained with a well‐preserved fish scale from Late Pliocene, in an attempt to better understand the effects of diagenesis on protein degradation at the molecular level through deep time. We find that the Pliocene fish scale displays a large number of N‐bearing pyrolytic products, including abundant substituted cyclic 2,5‐diketopiperazines (2,5‐DKPs) which are diagnostic products of peptide and amino acid pyrolysis. We identify N‐bearing compounds in the Mesozoic fish scales—however, among the 2,5‐DKPs that were identified in the Pliocene scale, only diketodipyrrole (or cyclo (Pyr‐Pyr)) is present in the Mesozoic scales. We discuss the implications of N‐bearing pyrolytic products with emphasis on 2,5‐DKPs in geological samples and conclude that the discrepancy in abundance and variety of N‐bearing products between Pliocene and Mesozoic scales indicates that the protein component in the latter has been extensively diagenetically altered, while a suite of DKPs such as in the former would imply stronger evidence to indicate preservation of protein. We conclude that analytical pyrolysis is an effective tool for detecting preservation of intact proteins, as well as for providing insights into their degradation mechanisms, and can potentially be utilized to assign proteinaceous origin to a fossil sample of unknown affinity.
Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
Authors: Triviño María , Morán‐Ordoñez Alejandra , Eyvindson Kyle , Blattert Clemens , Burgas Daniel , Repo Anna , Pohjanmies Tähti , Brotons Lluís , Snäll Tord , Mönkkönen Mikko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractForests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services (ES) to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet and increasing demand for forest products. To foresee how to maximize the adaptation of boreal forests to future warmer conditions and growing demands of forest products, we need a better understanding of the relative importance of forest management and climate change on the supply of ecosystem services. Here, using Finland as a boreal forest case study, we assessed the potential supply of a wide range of ES (timber, bilberry, cowberry, mushrooms, carbon storage, scenic beauty, species habitat availability and deadwood) given seven management regimes and four climate change scenarios. We used the forest simulator SIMO to project forest dynamics for 100 years into the future (2016–2116) and estimate the potential supply of each service using published models. Then, we tested the relative importance of management and climate change as drivers of the future supply of these services using generalized linear mixed models. Our results show that the effects of management on the future supply of these ES were, on average, 11 times higher than the effects of climate change across all services, but greatly differed among them (from 0.53 to 24 times higher for timber and cowberry, respectively). Notably, the importance of these drivers substantially differed among biogeographical zones within the boreal biome. The effects of climate change were 1.6 times higher in northern Finland than in southern Finland, whereas the effects of management were the opposite—they were three times higher in the south compared to the north. We conclude that new guidelines for adapting forests to global change should account for regional differences and the variation in the effects of climate change and management on different forest ES.
Contemporizing island biogeography theory with anthropogenic drivers of species richness
Authors: Gleditsch Jason M. , Behm Jocelyn E. , Ellers Jacintha , Jesse Wendy A. M. , Helmus Matthew R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimIsland biogeography theory states that species richness increases with habitat diversity and decreases with isolation from source pools. However, ecological theory must incorporate effects of human activity to explain contemporary patterns of biodiversity. We contemporized island biogeography theory by conceptualizing island trajectories of how species richness changes over time with accelerating land development and economic trade, which increase extinction and immigration rates, respectively. With this contemporized theory, we then articulate and empirically assess expected relationships of native, introduced and total species richness with natural and anthropogenic metrics of habitat diversity and isolation from source pools.LocationGreater Caribbean region.Time periodDatabase finalized in 2020.MethodsWe built a database of 1,042 native and introduced reptiles and amphibians (herps) for 840 Caribbean islands. For each island, we calculated natural and anthropogenic metrics of island habitat diversity and isolation from source pools and used linear model averaging to assess the expected relationships under the contemporized theory for 15 major herp clades.ResultsNatural habitat diversity metrics exhibited positive relationships with native and introduced species richness, strengthening total species richness–area relationships across herp clades. Geographic isolation exhibited negative relationships with native and positive relationships with introduced species richness, weakening total species richness–isolation relationships. Economic area, based on developed land, and economic isolation, based on maritime trade, exhibited negative relationships with native species richness, but positive and negative relationships, respectively, with introduced species richness. Total species richness relationships with these two anthropogenic metrics were strongest in clades with many introduced species.Main conclusionsA contemporized island biogeography theory that includes the effects of land development and economic trade on species extinction and immigration explained current Caribbean herp species richness patterns. As human activity continues to accelerate, the contemporized theory we articulate here will increasingly predict island biogeography of the Anthropocene.
Modulation of factor VIII pharmacokinetics by genetic components in factor VIII receptors
Authors: Lunghi Barbara , Morfini Massimo , Martinelli Nicola , Branchini Alessio , Linari Silvia , Castaman Giancarlo , Bernardi Francesco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionGene variation in receptors for circulating factor VIII (FVIII) is candidate to explain the large inter‐patient variability of infused FVIII pharmacokinetics (PK) in haemophilia A (HA).AimTo compare in an Italian HA cohort (n = 26) the influence on FVIII PK of genetic components in four von Willebrand factor (VWF)/FVIII receptors.MethodsGenotypes of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), asialoglycoprotein receptor minor subunit (ASGR2), family 4 member M (CLEC4M), stabilin2 (STAB2) and ABO blood‐group, and VWF:Ag levels were included as independent variables in linear regression analyses of two‐compartment model (TCM) – standard half‐life (SHL) FVIII PK parameters.ResultsIn the initial FVIII distribution phase, the STAB2 rs4981022 AA, ASGR2 rs2289645 TT and LDLR rs688 TT genotypes may contribute to increase Cmax, and prolong or shorten AlphaHL. In the elimination phase, a shorter BetaHL was associated with the CLEC4M rs868875 GG (beta‐coefficient .366, p = .025) and ASGR2 rs2289645 TC (beta‐coefficient .456, p = .006) genotypes, which also showed shorter mean residence time (MRT) than TT genotypes (p = .021). The alpha and beta phase effects were independent of ABO and VWF:Ag levels at baseline. The association of the LDLR rs2228671 genotypes with clearance was independent of ABO (beta‐coefficient −.363, p = .035) but not of other receptors or VWF:Ag, which may point out multiple and competing interactions.ConclusionsWith the limitation of the small number of HA patients, these observations highlight multiple genetic components acting in distinct phases of FVIII PK and contributing to explain FVIII PK variability. This analysis provides candidates for genotype‐based, individual tailoring of FVIII substitutive treatment.
The effect of nursing interventions on urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction among post‐radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Taleb Fuad Radman , Sameh Wael Mohammed , Tolba Kawthar Gaber , Hegazi Soheir AbuElfadhl , Altaheri Asmaa Taha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the commonest types of cancer in men worldwide. The primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy. Unfortunately, a considerable proportion of men may experience long‐term post‐surgical sequelae is to determine the effect of nursing interventions on urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction among post‐radical prostatectomy patients. A quasi‐experimental (one group, pre‐test–post‐test) research design. We included 30 post‐radical prostatectomy patients in this study. Each patient was interviewed in five sessions. During these sessions, the information about the complications of RP, pelvic floor exercise training and sexual rehabilitation was given. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence‐Short Form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF), The Revised Faecal Incontinence Scale (RFIS) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) were used to evaluate the effect of nursing interventions. The study results demonstrate that the incidence of urinary and sexual dysfunction is high among patients post‐radical prostatectomy patients. Fortunately, urinary and sexual dysfunctions were improved post‐implementation of nursing intervention with statistically significant differences (p‐value <0.05). The incidence of faecal incontinence was 16.7% while it was 13.3% post‐nursing implementation with no statistically significant differences. Nursing intervention is effective in the management of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy within a short period time while the improvement in sexual dysfunction may need more time.
New‐onset type 1 diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Anindya Roy , Rutter Guy A , Meur Gargi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin‐producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new‐onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the host immune system with respect to new‐onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β‐cell population by autoantigen‐specific CD8+ T cells, it can be speculated that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may compromise self‐tolerance by depleting TREG‐cell numbers or diminishing TREG‐cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self‐duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new‐onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β‐cell mass as a result of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that can trigger new‐onset T1D.
Do welfare policies matter for immigrant entrepreneurship? An analysis in the context of France
Authors: Samers Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is little research on the relationship between welfare policies and immigrant entrepreneurship. Accordingly, this paper examines changes in three welfare domains: child‐care, health/medical insurance, and unemployment insurance in the context of France since roughly the 1980s, but with a focus on the 21st century. Given changes in French welfare policy, I show that immigrants' greater access to fluctuating, sometimes declining, but overall increasing spending in the three domains, can be positively correlated with slowly increasing immigrant entrepreneurship since the early 2000s. However, I also argue that welfare policies do not seem to have a significant effect on the levels and survival of immigrant‐owned firms in France. The findings of this paper should nonetheless be taken with extreme caution in light of the obstacles to analyzing this relationship. As a consequence, I provide an assessment of three possible research designs as a route towards better understanding this relationship.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of WB2–B4C composites fabricated by boro/carbothermal reduction and SPS
Authors: Long Ying , Zhang Guihao , Lin Shiming , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the WB2–B4C composites fabricated by a combination of boro/carbothermal reduction and spark plasma sintering (SPS) method with WO3, B4C, and graphite as raw materials were investigated in this study. The experimental results showed that the relative density of the as‐sintered WB2–B4C composites was ∼93.1% and ∼99.5%, respectively, after being SPS sintered at 1600°C under the applied load of 30 MPa for 10 min. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that a network structure with WB2 grains surrounded by B4C grains was observed after sintering. Analyses of high‐resolution TEM showed semi‐coherent interface and lattice distortion transition region between WB2 and B4C grains. The Vickers hardness of WB2–B4C composite increased to 22.3 ± 0.9 GPa at 9.8 N owing to the fully dense, solid solution of C, and three‐dimensional network structure. Moreover, the fracture toughness and flexural strength of WB2–B4C composite reach 6.04 ± 0.81 MPa m1/2 and 750 ± 80 MPa, respectively, which could be attributed to the semi‐coherent interface between WB2 and B4C grains.