bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression and functional prediction of mRNA in the ovaries of Hanper sheep of high and low fecundity
Authors: Li Yuexin , Ma Xiaofei , Gao Teng , Zheng Zhong , Liu Aiju , Tian Shujun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHanper ewes that were either monotocous or polytocous provided ovarian follicles of diameter >3 mm in the follicular phase and, in the luteal phase, samples of corpora lutea that had developed from follicles of diameter >3 mm. Differentially expressed mRNAs (monotocous versus polytocous) were then identified, and their functions were predicted. Results showed that 1508 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the follicular phase, with 885 being in the luteal tissues. Those which were differentially expressed in the follicular phase were mainly involved in the regulation of the ferroptosis and lysosome signalling pathways, whereas, for the luteal tissue, the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis. Based on the results, it was inferred that these pathways could explain variations in the fecundity of sheep.
Hyperammonemia syndrome post‐lung transplantation: Case series and systematic review of literature
Authors: Buzo Bruno Fernando , Preiksaitis Jutta K. , Halloran Kieran , Nagendran Jayan , Townsend Derek R. , Zelyas Nathan , Sligl Wendy I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a rare post‐transplant complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence appears to be higher in lung transplant recipients and its pathophysiology is not well understood. In addition to underlying metabolic abnormalities, it is postulated that HS may be associated with Ureaplasma or Mycoplasma spp. lung infections. Management of this condition is not standardized and may include preemptive antimicrobials, renal replacement, nitrogen scavenging, and bowel decontamination therapies, as well as dietary modifications.MethodsIn this case series, we describe seven HS cases, five of whom had metabolic deficiencies ruled out. In addition, a literature review was performed by searching PubMed following PRISMA‐P guidelines. Articles containing the terms “hyperammonemia” and “lung” were reviewed from 1 January 1997 to 31 October 2021.ResultsAll HS cases described in our center had positive airway samples for Mycoplasmataceae, neurologic abnormalities and high ammonia levels post‐transplant. Mortality in our group (57%) was similar to that published in previous cases. The literature review supported that HS is an early complication post‐transplant, associated with Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis infections and of worse prognosis in patients presenting cerebral edema and seizures.ConclusionThis review highlights the need for rapid testing for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis after lung transplant, as well as the necessity for future studies to explore potential therapies that may improve outcomes in these patients.
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Keyframe Extraction for Low-Motion Video Summarization Using K-Means Clustering
Authors: Muhammad Bilyamin , Abdulazeez Ahmed Mariam , Haruna Ibrahim , Abdullahi Usman Ismail 
Published: August 2022

The rate of increase in multimedia data required the need for an improved bandwidth utilization and storage capacity. However, low-motion videos come with a large number of feature-related frames due to its static background. These redundant frames result to difficulty in terms of video streaming, retrieval, and transmission. In other to improve the user experience, video summarization technologies were proposed. These techniques were presented to select representative frames from a full-length video and remove the duplicated ones. Though, an improvement was recorded in the keyframe extraction process. However, a large number of redundant frames were observed to be extracted as keyframes. Therefore, this study presents an improved keyframe extraction scheme for low-motion video summarization. The proposed scheme utilizes a k-means clustering approach to group the feature-related frames within a given video data into number of clusters. Furthermore, a representative frame from each cluster was extracted as keyframe. The results obtained shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of compression ratio, precision and recall rates with a value of 26.62%, 13.78%, and 6.63% respectively
Respiratory deficits in a female rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: de la Rosa Tomás , Calvo Viviam S. , Gonçalves Valeria C. , Ferreira Caroline B. , Cabral Lais M. , Souza Felipe da Costa , Scerni Débora A. , Scorza Fúlvio A. , Moreira Thiago S. , Takakura Ana C. 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
How does the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced Parkinson's disease model affect the respiratory response in female rats? What effect does ovariectomy have on that response?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The results suggest a protective effect of ovarian hormones in maintaining normal neuroanatomical integrity of the medullary respiratory nucleus in females. It was observed that ovariectomy alone reduced neurokinin‐1 density in the pre‐Bötzinger complex and Bötzinger complex, and there was an incremental effect of 6‐OHDA and ovariectomy on retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons.
AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) includes autonomic and respiratory deficiencies in addition to the classical motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD is lower in women, and it has been hypothesized that neuroprotection by ovarian hormones can explain this difference. While male PD animal models present changes in the central respiratory control areas, as well as ventilatory parameters under normoxia and hypercapnia, little is known about sex differences regarding respiratory deficits in this disease background. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical and functional respiratory changes in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats subjected to chemically induced PD via a bilateral intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). The respiratory parameters were evaluated by whole‐body plethysmography, and the neuroanatomy was monitored using immunohistochemistry. It was found that dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and neurokinin‐1 receptor density in the rostral ventrolateral respiratory group, Bötzinger and pre‐Bötzinger complex were reduced in the chemically induced PD animals. Additionally, reduced numbers of Phox2b neurons were only observed in the retrotrapezoid nucleus of PD‐OVX rats. Concerning respiratory parameters, in OVX rats, the resting and hypercapnia‐induced tidal volume (VT) is reduced, and ventilation () changes independently of 6‐OHDA administration. Notably, there is a reduction in the number of retrotrapezoid nucleus Phox2b neurons and hypercapnia‐induced respiratory changes in PD‐OVX animals due to a 6‐OHDA and OVX interaction. These results suggest a protective effect induced by ovarian hormones in neuroanatomical changes observed in a female experimental PD model.
Regulation of corticotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal network activity by noradrenergic stress signals
Authors: Gouws Julia M. , Sherrington Aidan , Zheng Shaojie , Kim Joon S. , Iremonger Karl J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNoradrenaline is a neurotransmitter released in response to homeostatic challenge and activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis via stimulation of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. Here we investigated the mechanism through which noradrenaline regulates activity within the CRH neuronal network. Using a combination ofin vitroGCaMP6f Ca2+imaging and electrophysiology, we show that noradrenaline induces a robust increase in excitability in a proportion of CRH neurons with many neurons displaying a bursting mode of activity. Noradrenaline‐induced activation required α1‐adrenoceptors and L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+channels, but not GABA/glutamate synaptic transmission or sodium action potentials. Exposure of mice to elevated corticosterone levels was able to suppress noradrenaline‐induced activation. These results provide further insight into the mechanisms by which noradrenaline regulates CRH neural network activity and hence stress responses.imageKey pointsGCaMP6f Ca2+imaging and on‐cell patch‐clamp recordings reveal that corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons are activated by noradrenaline with many neurons displaying a bursting mode of activity.Noradrenaline‐induced activation requires α1‐adrenoceptors.Noradrenaline‐induced Ca2+elevations persist after blocking GABAA, AMPA, NMDA receptors and voltage‐gated Na+channels.Noradrenaline‐induced Ca2+elevations require L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+channels.Corticosterone suppresses noradrenaline‐induced excitation.
Analysis of Helical Grafts in Steady and Unsteady Flow: Development of a Novel Bypass Graft
Authors: Simpson Joseph P. , Leylek James H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Helical secondary flow has been shown to be beneficial as it has improved bypass graft patency in revascularization through more uniform wall shear stress and improved mixing. An unfavorable by-product of generating helical flow is the proportional increase in pressure drop, which is a critical limiting factor as it constrains the amount of beneficial helicity that can be generated. A validated CFD methodology was used to simulate the development of secondary flow in multiple helical bypass grafts with Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheology. These simulations revealed that the secondary flow is fully developed by the second pitch of a helical geometry for physiologically realistic, unsteady flows, indicating the potential for maximizing secondary flows while at the same time minimizing the induced pressure drops through optimization studies. Building on this, a novel Hybrid Graft Geometry (HGG) was developed which resulted in a 390% increase in cycle-averaged helical intensity while maintaining a mere 2% increase in cycle-averaged pressure drop when compared to graft geometries in the literature. The helical effectiveness he, defined as the ratio of helical intensity to the induced pressure drop, is a newly created parameter designed to quantify the performance of the helical grafts. The cycle-averaged he clearly reveals the superior performance of the HGG, which is up to 3.6 times higher than other helical grafts tested. For the first time in the open literature, this study presents the proper basis for future optimization studies through he, which should be maximized to improve graft patency.
Calculation and measurement of center of mass: An all-in-one activity using
Tangram puzzles
Authors: Campillo-Robles Jose M. , Alonso Ibon , Gondra Ane , Gondra Nerea 
Published: August 2022

[Media: see text] We present a simple, low-cost activity for students in a university-level introductory physics course. The main objective of the activity is to calculate and experimentally measure the center of mass of a 2D Tangram figure using complementary techniques. First, the algebraic and numerical results for the center of mass of the Tangram pieces are checked analytically and using mathematical software. Students then create their own Tangram figure and calculate its center of mass using formulas from physics tables. CAD software is also used to obtain the figure's center of mass. Finally, the center of mass is measured experimentally, and a comparison with the theoretical results is made. The modularity of the activity allows instructors' flexibility to design an ad hoc activity to emphasize individual subjects according to the needs of their course.
Reverse innovation in western healthcare: a randomised crossover trial comparing the ReMotion prosthetic knee with the current standard of care
Authors: van Oorschot Wieneke , Keijsers Noël L W , van Ee René F , van Houdenhoven Mark 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionHealthcare expenses are reaching unaffordable levels worldwide and reverse innovation could play a role in decreasing these expenses and improving healthcare accessibility. The ReMotion Knee, a prosthetic knee primarily developed for low-income countries, could serve as a reverse innovation for people with a lower limb amputation. This study aimed to evaluate the ReMotion Knee as a potential reverse innovation in high-income countries, specifically in terms of functional mobility.MethodsNine participants with a transfemoral amputation or knee exarticulation were included in this randomised crossover trial. The ReMotion Knee was compared with the participants’ current prosthetic knee in terms of functional mobility and subjective experiences. The primary outcome in this study was the L test for functional mobility. Secondary outcomes were additional clinical performance tests and subjective experiences (balance confidence, walking comfort, test performance and fatigue).ResultsParticipants scored significantly better using their current prosthetic knee than using the ReMotion Knee on primary outcome, the L test (p<0.01, median difference 7.5 s, IQR 6.1–10.6) and all secondary outcomes except experienced test performance and fatigue. All participants were able to safely perform all clinical tests with the ReMotion Knee, even after a short familiarisation period.ConclusionsThe ReMotion Knee has the potential to become a reverse innovation after modifications improving velocity, walking comfort and weight limit. Collaboration between high-income and low-income countries can facilitate further development of the ReMotion Knee and could result in alternative products and treatments that could reduce healthcare costs while still providing a good quality of care.Trial registration numberNCT04700085.
Development and validation of automated computer-aided risk scores to predict in-hospital mortality for emergency medical admissions with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort development and validation study
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Mohammed Mohammed , Richardson Donald , Fiori Massimo , Beatson Kevin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThere are no established mortality risk equations specifically for unplanned emergency medical admissions which include patients with SARS-19 (COVID-19). We aim to develop and validate a computer-aided risk score (CARMc19) for predicting mortality risk by combining COVID-19 status, the first electronically recorded blood test results and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2).DesignLogistic regression model development and validation study.SettingTwo acute hospitals (York Hospital—model development data; Scarborough Hospital—external validation data).ParticipantsAdult (aged ≥16 years) medical admissions discharged over a 24-month period with electronic NEWS and blood test results recorded on admission. We used logistic regression modelling to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality using two models: (1) CARMc19_N: age+sex+NEWS2 including subcomponents+COVID19; (2) CARMc19_NB: CARMc19_N in conjunction with seven blood test results and acute kidney injury score. Model performance was evaluated according to discrimination (c-statistic), calibration (graphically) and clinical usefulness at NEWS2 thresholds of 4+, 5+, 6+.ResultsThe risk of in-hospital mortality following emergency medical admission was similar in development and validation datasets (8.4% vs 8.2%). The c-statistics for predicting mortality for CARMc19_NB is better than CARMc19_N in the validation dataset (CARMc19_NB=0.88 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.90) vs CARMc19_N=0.86 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.88)). Both models had good calibration (CARMc19_NB=1.01 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.14) and CARMc19_N:0.95 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.06)). At all NEWS2 thresholds (4+, 5+, 6+) model, CARMc19_NB had better sensitivity and similar specificity.ConclusionsWe have developed a validated CARMc19 scores with good performance characteristics for predicting the risk of in-hospital mortality. Since the CARMc19 scores place no additional data collection burden on clinicians, it may now be carefully introduced and evaluated in hospitals with sufficient informatics infrastructure.
Describing, predicting and explaining adherence to total skin self-examination (TSSE) in people with melanoma: a 12-month longitudinal study
Authors: Allan Julia L , Johnston Derek W , Johnston Marie , Murchie Peter 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe trajectories in melanoma survivors’ adherence to monthly total skin self-examination (TSSE) over 12 months, and to investigate whether adherence trajectories can be predicted from demographic, cognitive or emotional factors at baseline.DesignA longitudinal observational study nested within the intervention arm of the ASICA (Achieving Self-Directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare) randomised controlled trial.SettingFollow-up secondary care in Aberdeen and Cambridge UK.Participantsn=104 adults (48 men/56 women; mean age 58.83 years, SD 13.47, range 28–85 years; mean Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation score 8.03, SD 1.73, range 2–10) who had been treated for stage 0–IIC primary cutaneous melanoma in the preceding 60 months and were actively participating in the intervention arm of the ASICA trial.InterventionsAll participants were using the ASICA intervention—a tablet-based intervention designed to support monthly TSSE.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was adherence to guideline recommended (monthly) TSSE over 12 months. This was determined from time-stamped TSSE data recorded by the ASICA intervention app.ResultsLatent growth mixture models identified three TSSE adherence trajectories (adherent −41%; drop-off −35%; non-adherent −24%). People who were non-adherent were less likely to intend to perform TSSE as recommended, intending to do it more frequently (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.81, p=0.023) and were more depressed (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.61, p=0.011) than people who were adherent. People whose adherence dropped off over time had less well-developed action plans (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.96, p=0.016) and lower self-efficacy about TSSE (OR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99, p=0.028) than people who were adherent.ConclusionsAdherence to monthly TSSE in people treated for melanoma can be differentiated into adherent, drop-off and non-adherent trajectories. Collecting information about intentions to engage in TSSE, depression, self-efficacy and/or action planning at outset may help to identify those who would benefit from additional intervention.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03328247).
Analysis of wheelchair falls in team sports at the Paralympic Games: video-based descriptive comparison between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games
Authors: Fukui Kazuki , Maeda Noriaki , Sasadai Junpei , Shimizu Reia , Tsutsumi Shogo , Arima Satoshi , Tashiro Tsubasa , Kaneda Kazuki , Yoshimi Mitsuhiro , Mizuta Rami , Abekura Takeru , Esaki Hinata , Terada Tomoki , Komiya Makoto , Suzuki Akira , Urabe Yukio 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the fall characteristics of athletes in wheelchair rugby and wheelchair basketball during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games and descriptively compare these with those of the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe obtained video footage from the International Paralympic Committee of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games that included 8 teams from each of the 18 wheelchair rugby and 10 wheelchair basketball games (men and women). The data were analysed to evaluate the number of falls, class difference (low or high pointer), time of play during the fall, phase of play, contact with other athletes, fall direction, fall location and the body part that first contacted the floor during the fall. These data from the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games were compared.ResultsOverall, 430 falls (rugby, 104; men’s basketball, 230 and women’s basketball, 96) occurred (average per game ±SD: 5.8±3.1, 23.0±5.4 and 9.6±5.0, respectively). Significant differences in class, direction, fall location and body part point of contact between the three sports were observed. In wheelchair rugby, falls occurred mainly in high pointers and tended to be more lateral due to contact. In wheelchair basketball, falls occurred more in female high-pointers and in male low pointers, with more forward falls due to forward contact. Unlike in the Rio 2016 games, no difference between the events based on the presence or absence of contact was observed in the Tokyo 2020 games.ConclusionsThe number of falls increased in Tokyo 2020 compared with Rio 2016, with no significant difference in the characteristics of falls between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games. Only in men’s wheelchair basketball, the number of falls in low pointers significantly increased in the Tokyo 2020 games when compared with that in the Rio 2016 games.
Biomonitoring of heavy metals and metalloids with wild mammals in the Iberian Peninsula: a systematic review
Authors: Jota Baptista Catarina , Seixas Fernanda , Gonzalo-Orden José M. , Oliveira Paula A. 
Published: August 2022

Trace elements (including heavy metals) can negatively affect the environment and the health of living beings. Biomonitoring is a transdisciplinary tool to evaluate this pollution type and its respective consequences in ecosystems, food chains, and webs. This review used systematic methods to identify published literature on biomonitoring of heavy metal(loid)s using wild mammals on the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 30 different mammalian species (30/141) were included in 62 Iberian biomonitoring studies: 22 species from terrestrial habitats and 8 from aquatic habitats. Carnivores (including piscivores) were the most represented in both habitat types (7/22 in terrestrial; 8/8 in aquatic). Most studies used more than one tissue (2.8 ± 1.3), with a preference for the liver and kidney. Cd was the most determined metal, measured in 45% of the biomonitoring studies analysed, highlighting its potential health impact on mammals. Further research is crucial to provide more information on mammalian species' susceptibility to this One Health problem, and to cover more habitats, trophic chains, and (or) geographical areas.
Who is the Real “Model Minority”? An Asian American Reading of Ruth and Ebed-Melech in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Hwang Jerry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The label of “model minority” for Asian Americans has rightly come under scrutiny due to its role in constructing a new cultural narrative that repositioned them as desirable immigrants. Among Asian American Christians, the construct of “model minority” has often been mirrored in the biblical book of Ruth since she, as ancient Israel’s most famous daughter-in-law, is portrayed as compliant, loyal, and industrious despite being a “perpetual foreigner.”
Recent global developments have mounted a challenge to this account of the submissive “model minority.” Since Ruth’s character is ambiguous and has been (mis)used at times among Asian American Christians as a “biblical” example, the real “model minority” is found in Jeremiah’s portrayal of Ebed-Melech. He intervenes on behalf of a prophet about to be killed and speaks truth to power (Jeremiah 38). However, Ebed-Melech is frequently overlooked because of the unfounded assumption that, as a black Cushite, he must have been a slave and/or eunuch.
Setting the Story of the Ethiopian Eunuch (Acts 8:26–40) to the Soundtrack of Song of Songs: An Intertextual and Intersectional Performance
Authors: Spencer F. Scott 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article undertakes an intertextual reading of Acts’s story of the Ethiopian eunuch with Song of Songs, focusing on similar and distinctive aspects of multifaceted characterizations related to sexual identity, social-political status, environmental setting, and religious orientation. This reading highlights two parts of the biblical canon that create limited space for borderline, unconventional persons and practices, particularly pushing normative boundaries pertaining to gender, sexuality, and hierarchy.