bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of use and factors that determine the choice of oral anticoagulants in women and men with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lenglet Aurélie , Qazi Jakub Z. , Boivin Proulx Laurie‐Anne , Legault Catherine , Dorais Marc , Perreault Sylvie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim was to identify sex‐specific factors linked with oral anticoagulant initiation in a cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation using administrative data from Quebec (Canada) between 2014 and 2017. Cohort entry defined as new users, that is, no claims in last 12 months, a cohort of 32 050 patients was stratified in two groups, that is, women and men. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors of initiations for low‐ and standard‐dose direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin, and low‐ versus standard‐dose DOACs. In both sexes, warfarin initiation decreased and DOAC initiation increased, with year of initiation as major factors of DOACs use. In 2017, the increase was of 2‐ to 4‐fold and 3‐ to 8‐fold for low‐ and standard‐dose DOACs (vs. warfarin), respectively. The proportion of patients starting on a low‐dose DOAC was higher in women than men. Older age for both sexes and CHADS2 score ≥2 (only women) were major factors of low‐dose dabigatran and rivaroxaban versus warfarin use. The only significant factor of standard‐dose DOAC versus warfarin use was age of 65–79 for women or men treated with apixaban by 1.8‐ and 1.4‐fold, respectively. Factors that made women and men less likely to receive a standard‐dose DOAC versus warfarin were higher CHADS2 (for dabigatran and rivaroxaban), HAS‐BLED and frailty scores, prior coronary disease, major bleeding, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) status. The choice of a low‐ versus standard‐dose DOAC was mainly driven by age and CKD, and higher CHADS2 score (for dabigatran and apixaban) for both sexes.
Flame behaviors and explosion characteristics of two‐phase propylene oxide/air mixture under different ambient pressures
Authors: Wan Hangwei , Wen Yuquan , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPropylene oxide (PO) is widely used in fuel‐air explosives and pulse detonation engines. Based on computational fluid dynamics, the effects of ignition position, initial pressure, and mass concentration on the explosion characteristics of the PO/air mixture were studied by using a 20 L spherical container. The results showed that the ignition position had a significant effect on the flame structure. When the fuel cloud was ignited at the center, the flame structure experienced spherical, elliptical, and tulip shapes. The explosion time first decreased and then increased with the increase of ignition position, while the maximum explosion pressure decreased correspondingly. The maximum explosion pressure and the temperature had an inverted “U” correlation with concentration at normal pressure. However, the overpressure was insensitive to concentration in the negative pressure condition. The maximum flame temperature showed different flame behaviors under different initial negative pressures and cloud concentrations. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the explosion behaviors of PO/air mixture with different ignition positions and initial vacuum pressures, which is of great significance in preventing explosion accidents.
Antcin A, a phytosterol regulates SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐mediated metabolic alteration in THP‐1 cells explored by the 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics approach
Authors: Dakpa Gyaltsen , Senthil Kumar Kanthasamy Jayabal , Tsao Nai‐Wen , Wang Sheng‐Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐mediated perturbations of metabolic pathways and modulation of antcin A, a steroid‐like compound isolated from Taiwanofungus camphoratus, are not studied. Here, we investigated the metabolic alteration by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and the regulatory effect of antcin A on SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐induced metabolic changes in the Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced human monocytes (THP‐1) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. The cytotoxic potential of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, antcin A, and dexamethasone was assessed by MTT assay. The metabolomic perturbations and their relation to human coronaviruses' receptors were evaluated by qPCR. This study indicated that the altered metabolites mediated by SARS‐CoV‐2 protein, such as methionine, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, canadine, glutamine, ethanolamine, and phenylalanine, were significantly reversed by antcin A. In addition, antcin A significantly inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐mediated up‐regulation of TLR‐4 and ACE2 receptors, while GRP78 inhibition was not statistically significant. This is the first study to use 1H‐NMR to investigate SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐induced metabolomic changes in PMA‐induced THP‐1 cells. Antcin A significantly reversed metabolomic alters while dexamethasone failed to fix them. Therefore, we believe that antcin A could be a potential candidate for therapeutic agents for viral infections related to a metabolic abnormality.
Modeling interactions between trypanothione and antimony‐oxide clusters
Authors: Rabaâ Hassan , Grafov Andriy , Sundholm Dage 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInteractions of antimony‐oxide clusters with trypanothione have been modeled to understand their inhibitory activity against leishmaniasis. Trypanothione is essential for the survival of leishmania parasites because it is responsible for maintaining their cellular thiol‐disulfide redox regulation. Density functional theory calculations show that SbV oxide clusters form hydrogen bonds from the hydroxyl groups to the amine and carboxyl groups of the trypanothione. The reaction between trypanothione and the SbV oxide cluster does not break the SS bond of trypanothione, whereas a reaction between trypanothione and an antimony‐oxide cluster containing one SbIII atom may lead to dissociation of the SS bond of the trypanothione suggesting that antimony‐oxide clusters with at least one SbIII atom can destroy trypanothione that is vital for the parasite metabolism.
Synthesis, Isolation, and Structural Study of Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of the IPR Isomer of C84 Fullerene, C84(11)(CF3)14,16,18
Authors: Tamm Nadezhda B. , Fritz Maria A. , Romanova Natalia A. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Goryunkov Alexey A. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractC84 is the most abundant higher fullerene which is present in the arc‐discharge fullerene soot. Among 24 topologically possible IPR isomers of C84, two major isomers, C84(22) and C84(23), and several minor ones have been identified experimentally. We report the synthesis, isolation, and structure elucidation of trifluoromethyl derivatives of the most abundant minor isomer of C84, C84(11)(CF3)14,16,18. The experimentally determined addition patterns of altogether eight new compounds, four C84(11)(CF3)14, three C84(11)(CF3)16, and one C84(11)(CF3)18, are discussed in terms of the attachments in ribbons of para C6(CF3)2 hexagons and formation of stabilizing substructures of local aromaticity on the C2−C84(11) carbon cage. The general principles of multi addition of bulky CF3 groups are considered which are based on theoretical DFT calculations of formation energies of C84(11)(CF3)n isomers. Thus, trifluoromethylation pathways are now discussed in details for five different isomers of C84.
Molecular Structure and Antibacterial Activity of Degradation Products from Cephalexin Solutions Submitted to Thermal and Photolytic Stress
Authors: Lourenço Cecília , Souza Louise E. A. , Valêncio André , Machado Marcelo F. M. , Miranda Antonio , Silva Emerson R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCephalexin is a beta‐lactam antibiotic of the first generation of cephalosporins which is very effective against various bacterial infections. In this work, we investigate the structure and antibacterial activity of cephalexin solutions submitted to forced degradation under heat stress and photolytic irradiation. A combination of analytical techniques gathering LC/ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy allowed us to identify different chemical species amongst the byproducts, revealing that photolysis via UVA light leads to significant amounts of oxidized species that conserve the dihydrothiazine ring adjacent to the beta‐lactam ring. In contrast, thermodegradation induces the rupture of the bioactive moiety possibly with the production of cephalosporinic acid and deaminated species, which are inactive to bacteria. Microbiological analyses using E. coli as a model organism indicated that the antimicrobial capacity of samples submitted to thermolysis is suppressed while solutions submitted to irradiation with UVA light preserve their bactericidal power. Atomic force microscopy showed that cells incubated with photodegraded cephalexin are much longer than those incubated with the undegraded antibiotic, indicating that byproducts from photolysis inhibit septum formation and likely affect the action of penicillin‐binding protein 3 in the divisome of E. coli cells.
2D MXene‐Based Biosensing: A Review
Authors: Amara Umay , Hussain Iftikhar , Ahmad Muhmmad , Mahmood Khalid , Zhang Kaili 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti‐toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.
Critical Understanding of English Learners: Experience and Practice of Educators in a Professional Development Course
Authors: Dwomoh Razak , Osei‐Tutu Araba A. Z. , Chhikara Alankrita , Zhou Lili , Oudghiri Stephanie , Bell Troy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies over the years emphasize the need to foster critical cultural awareness among teachers in U.S. classrooms. Using a critical theoretical approach, we examined the critical cultural awareness of practicing teachers and educators' experiences with English Learners (ELs) and their preparedness to meet the needs of ELs through actionable plans from a professional development (PD) module. We argue that PD courses on critical theoretical perspectives on ELs are essential not just for EL professionals but for all educators who work with ELs in one way or the other. Sixty‐eight educators (teachers and school directors) in a midwestern community participated in the PD modular course, where they were exposed to various critical theories. The data include discussion responses and educators' critical theoretical reflections on ELs. In this article, we iterate the need to include critical theoretical EL education in teacher training preparation and professional development programs to support pre‐service teachers, in‐service teachers, and principals. The findings show that the impact of such critical awareness transforms teachers' and educators' perceptions about their respective roles in effectively educating ELs.
Antenatal corticosteroids and perinatal outcome in late fetal growth restriction: analysis of prospective cohort
Authors: Familiari A. , Napolitano R. , Visser G. H. A. , Lees C. , Wolf H. , Prefumo F. ,   the TRUFFLE‐2 feasibility study investigators
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the role of antenatal administration of corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation on the short‐term perinatal outcome of pregnancy complicated by late fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsThis cohort study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study, the TRUFFLE‐2 feasibility study, conducted between 2017 and 2018 in 33 European perinatal centers. The study included women with a singleton pregnancy from 32 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation with a fetus considered at risk for FGR, defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) and/or fetal abdominal circumference < 10th percentile, or umbilicocerebral ratio (UCR) ≥ 95th percentile or a drop of more than 40 percentile points in abdominal circumference measurement from the 20‐week scan. For the purposes of the current study, we identified women who received a single course of steroids to improve fetal lung maturation before delivery. Each exposed pregnancy was matched with one that did not receive antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) (control), based on gestational age at delivery and birth weight. The primary adverse outcome was a composite of abnormal condition at birth, major neonatal morbidity or perinatal death.ResultsA total of 86 pregnancies that received ACS were matched to 86 controls. The two groups were similar with respect to gestational age (33.1 vs 33.3 weeks), EFW (1673 vs 1634 g) and UCR (0.68 vs 0.62) at inclusion, and gestational age at delivery (35.5 vs 35.9 weeks) and birth weight (1925 vs 1948 g). No significant differences were observed between the exposed and non‐exposed groups in the incidence of composite adverse outcome (28% vs 24%; P = 0.73) or any of its elements.ConclusionThe present data do not show a beneficial effect of steroids on short‐term outcome of fetuses with late FGR. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Table understanding: Problem overview
Authors: Shigarov Alexey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTables are probably the most natural way to represent relational data in various media and formats. They store a large number of valuable facts that could be utilized for question answering, knowledge base population, natural language generation, and other applications. However, many tables are not accompanied by semantics for the automatic interpretation of the information they present. Table Understanding (TU) aims at recovering the missing semantics that enables the extraction of facts from tables. This problem covers a range of issues from table detection in document images to semantic table interpretation with the help of external knowledge bases. To date, the TU research has been ongoing on for 30 years. Nevertheless, there is no common point of view on the scope of TU; the terminology still needs agreement and unification. In recent years, science and technology have shown a rapidly increasing interest in TU. Nowadays, it is especially important to check the meaning of this research problem once again. This article gives a comprehensive characterization of the TU problem, including a description of its subproblems, tasks, subtasks, and applications. It also discusses the common limitations used in the existing problem statements and proposes some directions for further research that would help overcome the corresponding limitations.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Effects of Infantile Hypophosphatasia on Human Dental Tissue
Authors: Wölfel Eva Maria , von Kroge Simon , Matthies Levi , Koehne Till , Petz Karin , Beikler Thomas , Schmid-Herrmann Carmen Ulrike , Kahl-Nieke Bärbel , Tsiakas Konstantinos , Santer René , Muschol Nicole Maria , Herrmann Jochen , Busse Björn , Amling Michael , Rolvien Tim , Jandl Nico Maximilian , Barvencik Florian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited, systemic disorder, caused by loss-of-function variants of the ALPL gene encoding the enzyme tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). HPP is characterized by low serum TNSALP concentrations associated with defective bone mineralization and increased fracture risk. Dental manifestations have been reported as the exclusive feature (odontohypophosphatasia) and in combination with skeletal complications. Enzyme replacement therapy (asfotase alfa) has been shown to improve respiratory insufficiency and skeletal complications in HPP patients, while its effects on dental status have been understudied to date. In this study, quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) and histological analysis were performed on teeth from two patients with infantile HPP before and during asfotase alfa treatment and compared to matched healthy control teeth. qBEI and histological methods revealed varying mineralization patterns in cementum and dentin with lower mineralization in HPP. Furthermore, a significantly higher repair cementum thickness was observed in HPP compared to control teeth. Comparison before and during treatment showed minor improvements in mineralization and histological parameters in the patient when normalized to matched control teeth. HPP induces heterogeneous effects on mineralization and morphology of the dental status. Short treatment with asfotase alfa slightly affects mineralization in cementum and dentin. Despite HPP being a rare disease, its mild form occurs at higher prevalence. This study is of high clinical relevance as it expands our knowledge of HPP and dental involvement. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of dental tissue treatment, which has hardly been studied so far.
Aetiology of long bone chronic osteomyelitis: an analysis of the current situation in one region in Egypt
Authors: Elsheikh Ahmed , Hashish Akram , Kamal Mai , El-Mohammadi Sayed , Ismael Yasser 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is a devastating infection requiring a multidisciplinary approach, including radiology, microbiology, pathology, and orthopaedic surgery to treat. The present study analysed the bacterial profile causing chronic osteomyelitis and their antibiogram in our region.

Patients and methods
This prospective study was done on a consecutive group of patients who underwent surgical debridement for long bone COM. Three to six deep tissue samples were collected during the index debridement for microbiology and one sample for histopathology. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing used an automated bacterial identification system. Gram stain was used to identify the bacteria type from its size, shape, and arrangement of bacterial growth.

Results
Intra-operative deep tissue and bone specimens accurately identified causative bacteria in 84.8% of patients. Gram-ve bacilli (GNB) were the most common causative organisms in 51.6% of all growing samples (36.4% isolated G-ve and 15.2% mixed with G + ve). Thirty-three patients (30 males/three females) were included; the mean age at index debridement surgery was 37.1 years. Half of the cohort had no metalwork. The aetiology of COM was post-operative infection in half of the patients.

Conclusion
There may be concerning features in our patients’ aetiologies and causative organisms; closed fractures turn into COM postoperatively, several unsuccessful attempts, delayed index debridement, and more GNB. Plans need to be applied to break the cycle and improve outcomes.
The organizational reasons for wrongdoing. The case of Italy’s Superior Council of the Judiciary (CSM)
Authors: Catino Maurizio , Dallara Cristina , Rocchi Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany scholars have highlighted the individual, organizational and inter-organizational causes of organizational wrongdoing; others have focused on its (negative) consequences or have analyzed how it can persist and spread between organizations. An underlining assumption shared by many of those studies is that organizational wrongdoing is a deviant, society-damaging phenomenon originating from individual and organizational actors’ pursuit of undue advantages. We argue that, at least in some cases, actors may also have “organizational reasons” for wrongdoing, besides self-interest. This article aims at analyzing the organizational reasons for wrongdoing in the CSM affair, a scandal that shed light on the deviant practices for career paths within the Italian judiciary system. By relying on documents and several semi-structured interviews to judges, public prosecutors, and experts in the field, we reconstructed actual practices for career advancement (extra-legal governance) and compared them with formal policies (legal governance). Our analysis shows that deviant practices were not merely occasional episodes of favoritism, but were part of an extra-legal governance system that involved virtually all of Italy’s judges. We also found that the CSM decoupled formal policies from actual practices to manage two organizational trade-offs – bureaucratic rules vs. efficiency, and independence vs. accountability. Therefore, besides individual gain, actors had two major “organizational reasons” for wrongdoing: first, they needed to cope with a lack of organizational capabilities and resources; second, they needed to address calls for greater accountability. In the light of our findings, we conclude with some considerations about organizational learning and the relation between law, organizations, and wrongdoing.
Unlocking the genetic control of spring wheat kernel traits under normal and heavy metals stress conditions
Authors: Mourad Amira M. I. , Eltaher Shamseldeen , Börner Andreas , Sallam Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Pb and Sn concentration increase rapidly due to the industrial revolution and cause a significant reduction in wheat production and productivity. Understanding the genetic control of Pb and Sn tolerance is very important to produce wheat cultivars that are tolerant to such metals.

Methods
Extensive genetic analyses using genome-wide association study, functional annotation, and gene enrichment were investigated in a set of 103 highly diverse spring wheat genotypes. Kernel traits such as kernel length (KL), kernel diameter (KD), kernel width (KW), and 1000-kernel weight (TKW) were measured under each metal as well as under controlled conditions.

Results
The GWAS identified a total of 131, 126, and 115 markers that were associated with kernel traits under Ctrl, Pb, and Sn. Moreover, the stress tolerance index (STI) for Pb and Sn was calculated and GWAS revealed 153 and 105 significant markers, respectively. Remarkably, one SNP Ku_c269_2643 located within TraesCS2A02G080700 gene model was found to be associated with KL under the three conditions. The results of gene enrichment revealed three, three, and six gene networks that have an association with the processes involved in kernel formation. The target alleles of all significant markers detected by GWAS were investigated in the most tolerant wheat genotypes to truly select the candidate parents for crossing in future breeding programs.

Conclusion
This is the first study that unlocked the genetic control of kernel yield under controlled and heavy metals conditions. Understanding the genetic control of kernel traits under heavy metals will accelerate breeding programs to improve wheat tolerance to Pb and Sn.