bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy ---A single center, large sample, real-world study
Authors: Tang Chun-li , Zhu Zheng , Zhong Chang-hao , Zhou Zi-qing , Zhou Hui-qi , Geng Rong-mei , Chen Xiao-bo , Chen Yu , Li Shi-yue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (EBUS-TBNA) has been used for more than 10 years in China. Its clinical application and diagnostic value in different diseases with large sample was lack of report.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed about the application and diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in different disease of patients in Respiratory Intervention Center of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health from January 2012 to July 2020.
Results
A total 5758 patients were included with 182 patients excluded for lack of information. Finally, data of 5576 patients (3798 males and 1778 females) were analyzed. For anesthetize, most patients were undergoing general anesthesia of intravenous with spontaneous breathing (69.4%), followed by general anesthesia of intravenous and inhalation with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (17.9%) and conscious sedation and analgesia (12.8%). Lymph nodes were the main sites of biopsy obtained (76.4%). Tumors accounted for the highest proportion of disease (66.4%), followed by infection diseases (9.9%), sarcoidosis (3.9%), lymphoma (1.1%), and others (18.7%). The sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis of tumor was 89.7% and 40.8% for infection diseases. There were significant differences in the puncture site and proportions of diseases between male and females (both p < 0.05). Higher diagnostic value was found in male patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
EBUS-TBNA has good diagnostic value for different mediastinal and central pulmonary space-occupying lesions diseases, with highest sensitivity for tumors. Higher diagnostic value was found in male patients.
Underrepresented controls of aridity in climate sensitivity of carbon cycle models
Authors: Koirala Sujan , Jones Chris , Ahrens Bernhard , Fan Naixin , Brovkin Victor , Delire Christine , Fan Yuanchao , Gayler Veronika , Joetzjer Emilie , Lee Hanna , Materia Stefano , Nabel Julia , Peano Daniele , Peylin Pilippe , Wårlind David , Wiltshire Andrew , Zaehle Sönke , Reichstein Markus , Carvalhais Nuno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems respond to changes in environmental conditions, mainly via key climatic controls of precipitation and temperature on vegetation activities and decomposition processes (Taylor et al., 2017). Yet, the relationship between climate and the overall spatiotemporal dynamics and uncertainties of the global carbon cycle, i.e., gross primary productivity (GPP), effective ecosystem carbon turnover times (τ), and consequently the total ecosystem carbon stock (Ctotal), are unclear (Anav et al., 2013; Friedlingstein et al., 2014; Friend et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2013). Using a global observation-based synthesis, we first show that the apparent partial spatial climate sensitivities of GPP and τ are associated with relative availability of precipitation and temperature, and are therefore modulated by aridity. The apparent sensitivity of GPP to temperature increases from arid to humid climatic regions. In contrast, its sensitivity to precipitation is invariant throughout different climatic regions. Simultaneously, the τ-precipitation response is strongly non-linear resulting in ~2 times longer τ in arid regions compared to humid regions for a given temperature. Compared with these observed patterns, the offline carbon cycle simulations of seven European Earth System Models (ESMs), that participated in CMIP6, perform relatively better for climate sensitivities of GPP than those of τ. This leads to a large spread and bias in Ctotal in both warm and cold semi-arid and arid regions where only a few models capture the observed τ-precipitation relationship. The emergence of the hydrological controls, modulated by aridity, on global carbon cycle implies that the changes in precipitation may moderate the temperature-driven climate feedback of the global carbon cycle under climate change.
Percutaneous kyphoplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with kyphotic deformity: a compared study
Authors: Zhang Bi , Yang Xiaowei , Yao Wenye , Xu JiaQiang , Lai Qi , Zhou Song , Guo Runsheng , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) with kyphosis via unilateral versus bilateral approach.
Methods
All patients suffered OVCF with kyphosis were retrospectively reviewed. Of those, performed unilateral PKP or underwent bilateral PKP with random. The clinical and radiological data such as the correction of deformity, sagittal profle and record of the perioperative morbidity of the patients were analyzed.
Results
All patients (76 ± 3.6 years) were enrolled in this investigation, including 41 in the unilateral and 45 in the bilateral group. No significant difference in general data was detected between the two groups (p > 0.05). Howere, the operation time and cement amount 28.2 ± 3.4 min, 3.8 ± 0.6 ml in the unilateral group, while 50.1 ± 4.6 min, 5.4 ± 0.5 ml in the bilateral group, respectively (P < 0.05).In addition,The preoperative visual analog scale(VAS) and Vertebral local kyphosis angle were 8.8 ± 0.65 and 16.3 ± 6.5°compared to last follow-up 3.15 ± 0.78 and 14.26 ± 2.16°in unilateral group, while 8.5 ± 0.78 and 16.5 ± 7.1°compared to last follow-up 2.66 ± 0.86 and 13.81 ± 2.38°in bilateral group, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Oswestry Disablility Index (ODI) and prevertebral height ratio in both groups were significantly different before and after surgery, but no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Both bilateral and unilateral PKP are relatively safe and provide effective treatment for patients with painful thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with mild kyphotic deformity. However, unilateral PKP need less operation time and volume of cement.
Immunohistochemical Expression of IMP3 in Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bartos Vladimir 
Published: September 2022

Background. Insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein upregulated in tumor cells during carcinogenesis. It has been linked to adverse clinical outcome in many malignancies.
This study was aimed to evaluate an immunohistochemical expression status of IMP3 in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and to correlate it with the Ki-67 index values.
Methods. Biopsy specimens from 32 cases of BCC were enrolled into this analysis. All samples were immunohistochemically stained for IMP3 (Clone 69.1) and Ki-67 antigen (Clone MIB-1).
Results. IMP3 showed a weak expression in 11 (34.4%) cases, a moderate expression in 11 (34.4%) cases, a strong expression in 5 (15.6%) cases, and negative staining in 5 (15.6%) cases. Among seven BCCs exhibiting aggressive-growth features, all but one showed weak reactivity. In contrast, all five BCCs manifesting strong IMP3 positivity consisted of the indolent-growth histologic subtypes. BCCs with infiltrative histomorphology did not appear to have a tendency towards more striking production of IMP3. There was no significant relationship between the IMP3 expression status and the proliferation status (Ki-67 ≤ 50% vs. Ki-67 > 50%) of the tumor tissue (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. The vast majority of cutaneous BCCs express IMP3, suggesting this oncoprotein is implicated in BCC carcinogenesis. However, more pronounced expression does not seem to be associated with aggressive-growth phenotype of BCC or higher proliferative activity of neoplastic cells.
Utilizing Proximity for Increasing Student Knowledge Retention: A Near-Peer Tutoring Program Needs Study
Authors: Lueck Johnathon S. , Varkey Thomas C. , Ramirez Daniel 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the desire and need for peer-to-peer tutoring programs at Division 1 Dell Medical School at the University of Texas.
Materials and Methods. Two sets of surveys were created and sent to students at the Dell Medical School, University of Texas, USA. One survey asking about the need or desire to engage with a peer tutor was sent to first-year students, and another one asking about the desire to provide these services to underclassmen as a potential leadership course option was sent to third-year students.
Results. For the first-year student survey, 52.9% of respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed of being aware of near-peer tutoring and 70.5% of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that it would be an option utilized by students. For the third-year student survey, 75% of students either disagreed or felt neutral in being aware of near-peer tutoring as an option to serve underclassmen, whereas 65% of upperclassmen either agreed or strongly agreed that if near-peer tutoring had been offered, they would have chosen this leadership course option in the effort to teach their underclassmen peers.
Conclusions. Numerous studies have demonstrated peer-to-peer tutorial options to be of high utility to students in the medical education space. This particular paper obtained results demonstrating students’ desire to engage in peer tutoring voluntarily for their own course success goals and upperclassmen’s desire to participate as near-peer tutors for the benefit of underclassmen.
Awareness of and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence in Turkish Society
Authors: Gezgin Yazici Havva , Batmaz Makbule , Okten Cigdem 
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to identify domestic violence awareness and attitudes towards violence among adult individuals in Turkish society.
Materials and Methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted online between September 15, 2021 and November 15, 2021 and included 353 individuals. The data were collected using the snowball sampling method, the Google Forms, the Socio-Demographic Descriptive Information Form, the Domestic Violence Awareness Scale, and the Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence (ADV) Scale. For data analysis, the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc (Tukey, LSD) analyses, Cohen’s d and Eta squared (η 2) coefficients, and correlation analysis were used.
Results. Most research participants were females (79.0%), with the average age of 30.53 ± 13.11 years. Of all the participants, 56.9% stated that they witnessed domestic violence, 22.7% stated that they experienced violence against women, 8.2% stated that they used violence. While the mean Domestic Violence Awareness Scale score was calculated as 41.09 ± 3.98, the mean score of the ADV Scale was calculated as 20.18 ± 7.82. The scores of domestic violence awareness differed significantly depending on education level (p=0.042; η 2=0.018). The scores of women’s attitude towards domestic violence (19.10) were lower than those in men (24.26) (p=0.05; d=0.684; η2=0.072). Participants’ attitudes towards domestic violence varied significantly by family type (p=0.006; η2=0.029), education level (p=0.007; η2=0.028), and occupation (p=0.007; η2=0.040). There was a significant positive relationship between awareness of and attitudes towards domestic violence (r=0.226).
Conclusions. Study participants had a high sense of awareness towards domestic violence and a negative attitude towards violence. Their awareness of domestic violence was affected by education level, while their attitudes towards domestic violence was affected by gender, type of family, education level, and occupation.
The Evolution of the Idiolect over the Lifetime: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of French 19th Century Literature
Authors: Seminck Olga , Gambette Philippe , Legallois Dominique , Poibeau Thierry 
Published: September 2022

The way in which authors express themselves is unique but changes over their lifetime. However, quantitative studies of this idiolectal evolution are rare. Using the Corpus for Idiolectal Research (CIDRE) that contains the dated works of 11 prolific 19th century French fiction writers, we propose new methods to identify, quantify and describe the grammatical-stylistic changes that take place using lexico-morphosyntactic patterns, also called motifs. To examine the strength of the chronological signal of change, we developed a method to calculate if a distance matrix of literary works contains a stronger chronological signal than expected by chance. Ten out of 11 corpora showed a higher than chance chronological signal, leading us to conclude that the evolution of the idiolect is in a mathematical sense monotonic, supporting the rectilinearity hypothesis previously put forward in the stylometric literature. The rectilinear property of the evolution of the idiolect found for most authors in CIDRE subsequently enabled us to propose a machine learning task: predicting the year in which a work was written. For the majority of the authors in our corpus, the accuracy and the amount of variance that is explained by the model were high and we discuss why the technique might fail for others. After applying a feature selection algorithm, we examined the most important features, i.e. the motifs that have the greatest influence on idiolectal evolution. We find that some of those features are stylistic and have been previously identified in qualitative literature studies. We report some remarkable stylistic constructions revealed by our algorithm to illustrate which kind of stylistic patterns can be extracted using our method.
Promoting community stakeholder engagement in research on treatment for pregnant women with opioid use disorder
Authors: Johnson Deborah J , Brunette Mary F , Goodman Daisy J , Adams Meagan , Bryer Cheri , Doherty Julie R , Flanagan Victoria , Frew Julia R , Mullins Sarah , Sheehan Farrah , Tobar-Santamaria Allison , Whitney Sarah , Lord Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Aim:
Community stakeholder engagement in research (CSER) can improve research relevance and efficiency as well as prevent harmful practices, particularly for vulnerable populations. Despite potential benefits, researchers lack familiarity with CSER methods.
Methods:
We describe CSER strategies used across the research continuum, including proposal development, study planning and the first years of a comparative effectiveness study of care for pregnant women with opioid use disorder.
Results:
We highlight successful strategies, grounded in principles of engagement, to establish and maintain stakeholder relationships, foster bidirectional communication and trust and support active participation of women with opioid use disorder in the research process.
Conclusion:
CSER methods support research with a disenfranchised population. Future work will evaluate the impact of CSER strategies on study outcomes and dissemination.
Unity formula that connect the fine-structure constant and the proton to electron mass ratio
Authors: Pellis Stergios 
Published: September 2022

In this paper will be presented the unity formulas that connect
the fine-structure constant and the proton to electron mass ratio. The
equations are simple,elegant and symmetrical in a great physical
meaning. At the beginning we will make a review of the last works. We
will suggest the exact formula for fine-structure constant in terms of
the golden angle,the relativity factor and the fifth power of the golden
mean. Also we propose a simple and absolutely accurate expression for
the fine-structure constant in terms of the Archimedes constant. After
we propose two exact mathematical expressions for the proton to electron
mass ratio. It will be presented the mathematical formulas that
connects the proton to electron mass ratio μ,the fine-structure constant
α,the ratio Ν1 of electric force to gravitational force between electron
and proton,the Avogadro’s number NA,the gravitational coupling constant
αG of the electron and the gravitational coupling constant of the proton
αG(p). Ιt will be explained that the product of the proton to electron
mass ratio with the reciprocal of the fine-structure constant is one of
the roots of a trigonometric equation. It will also be shown another way
to show this trigonometric equation with the exponential form of the
equation. The beautiful formula that connects the fine-structure
constant,the proton to electron mass ratio and the fifth power of the
golden mean. Also the formula that connects the fine-structure
constant,the proton to electron mass ratio and mathematical constants
π,φ,e and i. Finally we will show that the speed of light and the
maximum speed of sound depends only from the fine-structure constant and
not from the proton to electron mass ratio.
Collective Consumption and Food System Complexity:
Authors: Davey Taylor 
Published: September 2022

Focusing on consumption as key to managing complex food system dynamics has drawn controversy from scholars and activists who argue that a focus on consumption obfuscates the social and ecological consequences of the larger transnational food system. We argue that these concerns, while holding merit, are grounded in assumptions about food systems that fail to grasp the importance of agency as much as structure. Starting from an appreciation for the transdisciplinary fusion of knowledge and concepts across governance, political economy, and urban complexity, we utilize the concept of “collective consumption” as a way to rethink how a consumption politics can help transform the larger system through collaborative governance at the local or regional scale. We take Food Policy Councils (FPCs) in the United States as our subject to explore how experimental governance arrangements can reshape the way political organization around food consumption can drive longer term transformation. Our paper proceeds in four parts. First, we dive into Castells’ use of collective consumption as it relates to urban politics, which includes a close assessment of how both “consumption” and “collectivity” are relevant to urban food systems governance. Second, we offer a view of how collective consumption can be utilized to promote a justice-based perspective in urban food governance, which promotes socio-natural transformation of the current agro-industrial food system. Third, we develop a framework for imagining the possibilities of FPCs as part of new collaborative state-society relationships, offering a distinct reterritorialization of urban food politics tied to a socio-natural politics of urban metabolism. Finally, we conclude by offering comments on future challenges and opportunities in realizing the radical governance potential of FPCs.
Productivity Loss and Medical Costs Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Among Employees Aged 18–64 Years With Large Employer-Sponsored Insurance
Authors: Park Joohyun , Bigman Elizabeth , Zhang Ping 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
To estimate productivity losses and costs and medical costs due to type 2 diabetes (T2D) among employees aged 18–64 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using 2018–2019 MarketScan databases, we identified employees with T2D or no diabetes among those with records on workplace absences, short-term disability (STD), and long-term disability (LTD). We estimated per capita mean annual time loss attributable to T2D and its associated costs, calculated by multiplying time loss by average hourly wage. We estimated direct medical costs of T2D in total and by service type (inpatient, outpatient, and prescription drugs). We used two-part models (productivity losses and costs and inpatient and drug costs) and generalized linear models (total and outpatient costs) for overall and subgroup analyses by age and sex. All costs were in 2019 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS
Employees with T2D had 4.2 excess days lost (20.8 vs. 20.3 absences, 6.4 vs. 3.3 STD days, and 1.0 vs. 0.4 LTD days) than those without diabetes. Productivity costs were 13.3% ($680) higher and medical costs were double (total $11,354 vs. $5,101; outpatient $4,558 vs. $2,687, inpatient $3,085 vs. $1,349, prescription drugs $4,182 vs. $1,189) for employees with T2D. Employees aged 18–34 years had higher STD days and outpatient costs. Women had more absences and STD days and higher outpatient costs than men.

CONCLUSIONS
T2D contributes nearly $7,000 higher annual per capita costs, mostly due to excess medical costs. Our estimates may assist employers to assess potential financial gains from efforts to help workers prevent or better manage T2D.
Oral Lichen Planus Genetics Update
Authors: Albu Cristina-Crenguta , Bencze Maria-Angelica , Dragomirescu Anca-Oana , Vlădan Cristian , Albu Ştefan-Dimitrie , Russu Emily-Alice , Ionescu Ecaterina 
Published: September 2022

Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune multi-factorial inflammatory condition of the mucocutaneous skin that mainly interests the skin and oral mucosa. Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) affects 0.5 to 1% of the world's population and all human races equally. The factors that act as triggers of autoimmune processes and determine the appearance of OLP are represented by genetic predisposition, skin injuries, viral infections, contact allergies, and medications. OLP affects the oral mucosa and occurs frequently on the inside of the cheeks and less often on the edges of the tongue, gums, or lips. The condition is manifested by the appearance of painful erosions and mouth ulcers, accompanied by erythema and gingival scaling, and sometimes localized inflammation of the gums, near the amalgam fillings. There are 132 genes currently involved in the etiopathogenesis of OLP, but only a few appear to play a major role. These genes have been termed "leader genes". Thus, based on bioinformatics studies, the main genes involved in the pathogenesis of OPL are JUN, EGFR, FOS, IL2, and ITGB4. Although genetic status, immune system background, and infectious diseases are considered to be the most important incriminating and determining factors, the etiopathogenesis of OLP remains poorly known. Further genetic research is needed in order to achieve the generalizability of the findings and to strengthen the obtaining results.
Developing Psychological Well-Being Among School Children Through Conceptualization Approach
Authors: Adu Gabriel Amponsah , Mpuangnan Kofi Nkonkonya 
Published: September 2022

This paper seeks to expose educational stakeholders to the benefits associated with the psychological well-being of school children by using conceptualization approaches. It was learned that education is prominent in an individual's life and the development of student's potential. Also, psychological well-being is a process of development in a student's lifespan, through the development of mental health, and personal growth. This development promotes good health, and happiness, and contributes to students' academic attainment. Therefore, the paper covers psychological well-being as an integral part of personality development and academic growth of students. The paper further highlights how to develop psychological well-being in students, the need for psychological well-being in a student's educational development, the psychological wellbeing of adolescents, and the academic achievement of adolescent students.