bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcium hydroxide on morphology and physicochemical properties of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm
Authors: Momenijavid Mahere , Salimizand Himen , Korani Aazam , Dianat Omid , Nouri Bijan , Ramazanzadeh Rashid , Ahmadi Amjad , Rostamipour Jino , Khosravi Mohammad Rastegar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCalcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 has been used as an intracanal medicament to targets microbial biofilms and avert secondary infection in the root canal system. This study evaluated the effects of this material on the morphology and physicochemical properties of an established in-vitro biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in multichannel plates. The chemicals including Ca2+, OH−, and saturated Ca(OH)2 (ie 21.6 mM) were prepared in order to evaluate which component eradicated or amplified biofilm structure. Various biochemical and microscopic methods were used to investigate the properties of the biofilm. Biofilms treated with Ca(OH)2 absorbed more Ca2+ because of the alkaline pH of the environment and the ions affected the physicochemical properties of the E. faecalis biofilm. A denser biofilm with more cavities and a granular surface was observed in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This resulted in a decrease in the surface-to-biofilm ratio with increases in its biomass, thickness, colony size, and volume. Calcium hydroxide did not destroy E. faecalis biofilms but rather contributed to the biofilm structure. This in-vitro study sheds light on a missing link in the formation of E. faecalis biofilm in which the Ca2+ in Ca(OH)2
The VMC survey
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Niederhofer Florian , Bekki Kenji , Bell Cameron P. M. , de Grijs Richard , El Youssoufi Dalal , Ivanov Valentin D. , Oliveira Joana M. , Ripepi Vincenzo , van Loon Jacco Th. 
Published: May 2022

Context.The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and, owing to its companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), represents an excellent laboratory to study the interaction of dwarf galaxies.Aims.The aim of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the outer regions of the LMC by using stellar proper motions to understand the impact of interactions, for example with the SMC about 250 Myr ago.Methods.We calculate proper motions using multi-epochKs-band images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC). Observations span a time baseline of 2−5 yr. We combine the VMC data with data from theGaiaEarly Data Release 3 and introduce a new method to distinguish between Magellanic and Milky Way stars based on a machine learning algorithm. This new technique enables a larger and cleaner sample selection of fainter sources as it reaches below the red clump of the LMC.Results.We investigate the impact of the SMC on the rotational field of the LMC and find hints of stripped SMC debris. The south-eastern region of the LMC shows a slow rotational speed compared to the overall rotation.N-body simulations suggest that this could be caused by a fraction of stripped SMC stars located in that particular region that move opposite to the expected rotation.
de novo hATTR Amyloidose nach Domino-Lebertransplantation: Ein Fallbeispiel für den Einsatz von Patisiran
Authors: Schmidt Martina , Yilmaz Ali , Bietenbeck Michael , Schilling Matthias , Röcken Christoph , Schmidt Hartmut Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie hereditäre Transthyretin-Amyloidose (hATTR-Amyloidose) ist eine seltene, schnell fortschreitende und potenziell lebensbedrohliche Krankheit, die durch eine von mehr als 120 Mutationen im Transthyretin (TTR)-Gen verursacht wird. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten entwickelt infolge der daraus resultierenden, kumulierenden Amyloidablagerungen insbesondere in den peripheren Nerven und dem Herzen im Laufe der Jahre eine progrediente, periphere sensomotorische Polyneuropathie und eine biventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie.Da TTR – und damit auch seine amyloidogenen Varianten – überwiegend in der Leber synthetisiert wird, ist die frühe, orthotope Lebertransplantation (LTx) eine Therapieoption, mit der die Progression der hATTR-Amyloidose potenziell gestoppt werden kann.Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt einen Patienten mit hepatozellulärem Karzinom, der im Rahmen einer Dominotransplantation das Organ einer Patientin mit hATTR erhalten hatte. Nach etwa 10 Jahren begann der Patient, die charakteristischen Symptome der Stoffwechselkrankheit zu entwickeln, was eine Re-Lebertransplantation erforderlich machte. Aufgrund einer weiteren Progression der Amyloidose wurde anschließend eine Therapie mit dem RNA-Interferenz-Therapeutikum Patisiran eingeleitet, die vorläufig zu einem Stopp der Progression führte.
Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethyl Ethers (PEGDME): Efficient and Recyclable Solvents for Aryne-Involved Reactions
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Rai Shweta , Samatha Polasani , Addipilli Ramunaidu , Mainkar Prathama S. , Sripadi Prabhakar , Adepu Raju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA variety of aryne reactions are demonstrated in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers (PEGDMEs) as solvents without the need of any additive. The reactions proceed efficiently and good yields of the desired products are observed with PEGDME. Further, the advantage of being able to recycle PEG solvents is demonstrated in this work.
Twin Study of Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Jerger James , Chmiel Rose , Tonini Ross , Murphy Emily , Kent Marilyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe compared auditory, cognitive, and language test results in a pair of dizygotic twins, one of whom showed symptoms of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). Results highlight the importance of testing binaural function. In particular, electrophysiologic measures of dichotic listening effectively demonstrated the auditory-specific nature of this child's listening problems. The importance of a thorough and comprehensive evaluation of children suspected of CAPD is stressed.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, CAPD = central auditory processing disorder, CELF = Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions, ERP = event-related potential, PPST = Pitch Pattern Sequence Test, PST = Phonemic Synthesis Test, RASP = Rapidly Alternating Speech Perception, SCAN = Screening Test for Auditory Processing, SSW = Staggered Spondaic Word Test, TTC = Token Test for Children, WISC-III = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III
Recognition of One-, Two-, and Three-Pair Dichotic Digits under Free and Directed Recall
Authors: Strouse Anne , Wilson Richard H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit test was administered to 180 subjects (20-79 years) with varying degrees of hearing sensitivity. The test was carried out under free- and directed-recall response conditions. The results indicated that recognition performance decreased as a function of increasing age. Statistical analysis using analysis of covariance indicated that differences in performance between age groups were not owing to differences in hearing sensitivity. Thus, with the effects of hearing sensitivity removed, age alone accounted for a significant portion of the variability in the data among age groups. Normative data for the free-recall condition are reported for the two lists of randomly interleaved one-, two-, and three-pair digits included on the Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 2.0 (1998) compact disc. A comparison of performance in free- and directed-recall conditions indicated three patterns of results. First, 58 percent of the subjects had normal recognition performance for one-, two-, and three-pair digits under both recall conditions. Second, 39 percent of the subjects had a deficit in the free-recall condition, with normal performance in the directed-recall condition, which was interpreted as representing primarily a cognitive problem. Third, the remaining 3 percent of the subjects showed a deficit in both free- and directed-recall conditions, which was attributed primarily to an auditory problem.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CD = compact disc, rau = rationalized arcsine unit
Suppression of non-axisymmetric field-induced α-particle loss channels in a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator
Authors: Zhang Yichao , Liu Haifeng , Huang Jie , Xu Yuhong , Zhang Jian , Shimizu Akihiro , Satake Shinsuke , Isobe Mitsutaka , Wang Xianqu , Cheng Jun , Liu Hai , Zhang Xin , Tang Changjian 
Published: May 2022

In future fusion reactors, the confinement of α-particles is a crucial issue. The perfect omnigenity may be difficult to achieve in the quasi-isodynamic and quasi-symmetric stellarators when a multi-objective optimization is considered. Non-axisymmetric field can result in collisionless particles’ transport via localized trapping by ripples. Specific loss channels have been revealed to essentially exist in quasi-axisymmetric stellarators [Yang et al., Europhys. Lett. 129, 35001 (2020)] and W7-X [J. M. Faustin et al., Nucl. Fusion 56, 092006 (2016)]. It indicates a drastic loss of collisionless ions through these channels. This paper is devoted to investigate the effects of axisymmetry-breaking magnetic fields on collisionless α-particle transport in the CFQS (Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator) -like reactor configuration. A semi-analytic representation of radial and poloidal drifts in Boozer coordinates is given, by which we found an effective route to mitigate α-particle losses, i.e., adjusting the location of the quasi-axisymmetric radial position. Such a route enables the enhancement of the poloidal drift and decrease of radial drift in peripheral regions of the identified loss channels. The particles launched inside the quasi-axisymmetric radial surface can be well confined because localized particles that may fall in loss channels can transit into blocked particles near the quasi-axisymmetric surface, escaping from loss channels, which is beneficial for the improvement of the particle confinement. Moreover, this paper may provide a set of proxy functions for suppression of energetic particle losses to optimize stellarator configurations.
A method to fabricate nanoscale gaps in graphene nano-constrictions by electrical breakdown
Authors: Schmuck Oliver , Beretta Davide , Furrer Roman , Oswald Jacopo , Calame Michel 
Published: May 2022

This work reports on a method to open nanoscale gaps in h-shaped graphene nano-constrictions by electrical breakdown at room temperature and pressure below 10−5 mbar. The method was validated on 275 devices, fabricated on eight different chips, using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)-grown graphene from in-house production and from two commercial sources. The gap width was estimated by fitting the I–V traces after electrical breakdown with the Simmons model for the intermediate-voltage range. The statistics on the collected data demonstrates that the method results in normally distributed nanoscale gaps in h-shaped graphene nano-constrictions, with an estimated average width centered around 1 nm and a gap fabrication yield of 95%.
Sublethal effects of parasitism on ruminants can have cascading consequences for ecosystems
Authors: Koltz Amanda M. , Civitello David J. , Becker Daniel J. , Deem Sharon L. , Classen Aimée T. , Barton Brandon , Brenn-White Maris , Johnson Zoë E. , Kutz Susan , Malishev Matthew , Preston Daniel L. , Vannatta J. Trevor , Penczykowski Rachel M. , Ezenwa Vanessa O. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceWe found that pervasive parasitic infections reduce herbivory rates and can trigger trophic cascades. Lethal parasites clearly have cascading impacts on ecosystems, but whether common sublethal infections have similar effects is largely unknown. Using a mathematical model, we probed how parasites that reduce host survival, fecundity, or feeding rates can indirectly alter producer biomass in a helminth–ruminant system. We found that both lethal and sublethal infections triggered trophic cascades by altering the biomass of ruminant herbivore hosts and their resources. However, a global meta-analysis revealed that helminths tend to have pervasive sublethal effects on free-living ruminants, including by reducing host feeding rates. Our findings suggest there are widespread, but overlooked, ecological consequences of sublethal infections in natural ecosystems.
Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
Authors: Womersley Freya C. , Humphries Nicolas E. , Queiroz Nuno , Vedor Marisa , da Costa Ivo , Furtado Miguel , Tyminski John P. , Abrantes Katya , Araujo Gonzalo , Bach Steffen S. , Barnett Adam , Berumen Michael L. , Bessudo Lion Sandra , Braun Camrin D. , Clingham Elizabeth , Cochran Jesse E. M. , de la Parra Rafael , Diamant Stella , Dove Alistair D. M. , Dudgeon Christine L. , Erdmann Mark V. , Espinoza Eduardo , Fitzpatrick Richard , Cano Jaime González , Green Jonathan R. , Guzman Hector M. , Hardenstine Royale , Hasan Abdi , Hazin Fábio H. V. , Hearn Alex R. , Hueter Robert E. , Jaidah Mohammed Y. , Labaja Jessica , Ladino Felipe , Macena Bruno C. L. , Morris John J. , Norman Bradley M. , Peñaherrera-Palma Cesar , Pierce Simon J. , Quintero Lina M. , Ramírez-Macías Dení , Reynolds Samantha D. , Richardson Anthony J. , Robinson David P. , Rohner Christoph A. , Rowat David R. L. , Sheaves Marcus , Shivji Mahmood S. , Sianipar Abraham B. , Skomal Gregory B. , Soler German , Syakurachman Ismail , Thorrold Simon R. , Webb D. Harry , Wetherbee Bradley M. , White Timothy D. , Clavelle Tyler , Kroodsma David A. , Thums Michele , Ferreira Luciana C. , Meekan Mark G. , Arrowsmith Lucy M. , Lester Emily K. , Meyers Megan M. , Peel Lauren R. , Sequeira Ana M. M. , Eguíluz Victor M. , Duarte Carlos M. , Sims David W. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Global vessel traffic is increasing alongside world economic growth. The potential for rising lethal ship strikes on endangered species of marine megafauna, such as the plankton-feeding whale shark, remains poorly understood since areas of highest overlap are seldom determined across an entire species range. Here we show how satellite tracking whale sharks and large vessel movements globally provides a means to localize high-overlap areas and to determine how collision risk changes in time. Our results point to potential high levels of undetected or unreported ship strikes, which may explain why whale shark populations continue to decline despite protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Collision mitigations in high-collision-risk areas appear necessary to help conserve this iconic species.
Tactile suppression stems from specific sensorimotor predictions
Authors: Fuehrer Elena , Voudouris Dimitris , Lezkan Alexandra , Drewing Knut , Fiehler Katja 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Tactile sensations on a moving hand are perceived weaker than when presented on the same but stationary hand. There is an ongoing debate about whether this weaker perception is based on sensorimotor predictions or is due to a blanket reduction in sensitivity. Here, we show greater suppression of sensations matching predicted sensory feedback. This reinforces the idea of precise estimations of future body sensory states suppressing the predicted sensory feedback. Our results shine light on the mechanisms of human sensorimotor control and are relevant for understanding clinical phenomena related to predictive processes.
Precipitation behaviour of single and duplex aged metastable β-Ti alloy, Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Parfitt David , Roebuck Bryan , Kada Sitarama Raju , Fabijanic Daniel , Fitzpatrick Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

This work presents the influence of single-aging and duplex-aging treatments on microstructure evolution and the associated properties of Ti-5553 β-Ti alloy. We found that single-aged samples with a slow heating rate and duplex-aged samples produced approximately the same microstructures and microhardness at all aging conditions. This can be attributed to the same precipitation mechanism in both cases as observed via in situ electrical resistivity measurements. The slowly heated and duplex-aged samples generally produced higher microhardness in comparison to fast-heated samples; however, the difference in the microhardness tended to decrease with aging time at higher temperatures. A correlation ([Formula: see text] ) between the microhardness values and the width of α-phase ( d) was established for all the aged samples. Highlights Duplex aging and slow heating yield similar microstructure and microhardness. Duplex aging and slow heating showed similar precipitation mechanism. Duplex aging and slow heating generally produced higher hardness than fast heating. The gap in hardness for different aged conditions decreased at higher temperatures. The microhardness values showed a good correlation with the width of α-phase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation from bound states in the continuum of metallic gratings
Authors: Chen Zhaofu , Mao Leilei , Jin Mengmeng , Shi Xin , Bai Ningfeng , Sun Xiaohan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The enhancement of Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) produced by electrons moving closely to a grating is a longstanding topic of interest. Here, we systematically investigate the resonant enhancement of SPR for planar metallic gratings. Using an analytic solution for the amplitude of SPR, we show that metallic gratings with a small dutycycle support two type of bound states in the continuum (BICs), i.e. symmetry-protected BICs and accidental BICs, both of which enable the SPR to be enhanced by orders of magnitude at the resonant frequency. The required electron energy for the excitation of BICs can be reduced by employing a higher-order diffraction wave for SPR. Our results present a mechanism for enhancing the SPR produced by metallic gratings, and may find applications in free-electron lasers.
Novel rotation scheme for dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system based on body diagonal rotation of inertial measurement unit
Authors: Wei Qiushuo , Zha Feng , Chang Lubin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional rotational inertial navigation systems are based on rotation around one or two sensitive axes of inertial sensors. However, as the rotation and sensitive axes of inertial sensors lie along the same direction, it is difficult to modulate the relative error of the inertial sensor in the axial direction. This paper proposes a dual-axis rotation scheme based on the diagonal rotation of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) body. The scheme selects the body diagonal of the three orthogonal inertial sensors of the IMU as the horizontal rotation axis, and sets the vertical rotation axis orthogonal to this axis. As the rotation axis and the inertial sensor are oriented in different directions, at any moment of rotation, the errors of the inertial sensor in the three axial directions can all be modulated, especially the installation error. First, a mathematical model based on the diagonal rotation of the IMU body is established. On this basis, the coordinate transformation relationship and the error equations are derived, and the error propagation characteristics are obtained. Finally, the comprehensive error of the system is tested. Under the same error conditions, the system latitude error is reduced from 0.1089 nautical miles/72 h in the traditional scheme to 0.0368 nautical miles/72 h, and the longitude error is reduced from 0.3587 nautical miles/72 h to 0.1332 nautical miles/72 h. These results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. This method of rotating around the body diagonal of the IMU also exhibits certain advantages when applied to other rotational inertial navigation schemes.
Wearable sectorial electrical impedance tomography and k-means clustering for measurement of gastric processes
Authors: Wicaksono Ridwan , Darma Panji Nursetia , Inoue Atsuo , Tsuji Hideyuki , Takei Masahiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A low-power and handy gastric data acquisition (g-DAQ) system has been proposed to identify the gastric processes in the epigastric region with sectorial electrical impedance tomography (s-EIT) and K-means sectorial clustering algorithm. The g-DAQ with a wearable abdominal sensor investigates gastric retention levels in the epigastric region during the emptying process. A C-runtime engine with Secure Shell protocol optimized an ARM microprocessor and field programmable gate array-based system with bidirectional channels to perform real-time data acquisition. The s-EIT algorithm projects the gastric conductivity distribution in the epigastric region into a cross-sectional image. K-means clustering method quantitatively identifies the gastric content images on the epigastric region to monitor the different clustered conductivity

α
k

. The phantom experiments evaluated the s-EIT using liver-shaped, bone-shaped, and gastric-shaped phantoms in an abdominal-shaped vessel to distinguish gastric phantom conductivity. In human experiments, the proposed method was applied to measure 15 samples of the emptying process to evaluate the retention level of liquid gastric content. As a result, the proposed g-DAQ successfully performed a rapid acquisition at least 50 times faster than the conventional method in terms of the data acquisition rate. The developed g-DAQ with 110 mm × 66 mm × 51 mm of dimensions and 0.16 kg of weight took 0.32 sec to measure 208 points per frame and consumed 3.67 Watt of average power operation. By drinking 500 ml of rehydration water with 0.69 S m−1 of conductivity, In subjects 1–4 and phantoms, the maximum R(t) was identified on t
1 as the gastric volume is fully bloated. During 30 min, the emptying liquid content was well-indicated because the minimum R(t) was identified on t
15 as an empty state. The mean of the measurement results is −0.0387 with the linear equation R(t) = −0.0387t + 0.8105. In conclusion, the body mass index did not significantly affect the trendline.
Development of a virtual teaching environment with Algodoo: ‘eye’ and ‘cactus type light source’ models
Authors: Özdemir Erdoğan , Coramik Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is often necessary to enrich the teaching environment in order for students to learn optics in depth and to interpret the real optical situations with the information they have learned. In this study, a virtual teaching environment was developed using by Algodoo, a 2D simulation software. An eye model was created in order to explain the formation of the image in the eye in the teaching environment. Also, a cactus type light source model has also been developed to demonstrate that the image can be created in optics by using rays other than special rays. In order to show the success of the virtual teaching environment in modelling, previously known situations that the students had difficulty in understanding were simulated. Finally, some suggestions were made about the use of the virtual teaching environment.
Archimedes, the puck, and the turntable
Authors: Binder P-M , Lyons Keith M , Herman Ian K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A standard problem in mechanics asks us to look at a frictionless puck sliding over and across a turntable (a rotating platform with constant angular velocity) from the rotating reference frame S′ of the turntable. Here we analyse in some detail the kinematics and dynamics of such a puck, where a type of spiral discovered by Archimedes plays a central role.