bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agrocarburants : impacts au Sud ?
Authors: Polet François 
Published: May 2022

Les cultures pour agrocarburants gagnent du terrain dans la majorité des pays du Sud. Dominées par des plantations industrielles, elles génèrent d’importants impacts problématiques : concentration des terres, destruction des écosystèmes, fragilisation de la sécurité alimentaire. Les systèmes de certification volontaire visant à faire émerger un agrocarburant industriel « durable » aident surtout à « verdir » l’image du secteur.
Agrocarburants : impacts au Sud ?
Authors: Hurtado Laura , Urbain Magali 
Published: May 2022

Si le marché mondial des agrocarburants agit comme une force d’impulsion « invisible » aujourd’hui au Guatemala, la (re)concentration des terres pour la production de palme à huile et de canne à sucre laisse des traces : dépossession des communautés paysannes, changement d’affectation des sols, dégradation de l’environnement… Tardifs, limités et inopérants, les « critères de durabilité » des importateurs ne sont pas à la hauteur des défis.
Agrocarburants : impacts au Sud ?
Authors: Umbelino de Oliveira Ariovaldo , Delcourt Laurent 
Published: May 2022

L’essor du secteur sucro-énergétique au Brésil s’explique par l’existence de liens historiques entre l’État et les représentants de l’économie sucrière. Envisagé dans les années 1970 comme une réponse stratégique au double problème de la hausse des prix du pétrole et de la baisse de ceux du sucre, le modèle de l’éthanol est aujourd’hui vendu au monde comme l’alternative énergétique par excellence dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique.
Insegurança urbana e imaginários sobre condomínios horizontais fechados em Araguaína, Tocantins
Authors: Sodré Reges 
Published: May 2022

As cidades brasileiras são marcadas pela violência e pela insegurança urbana, que colonizam os imaginários sociais, alicerçando modos de apropriação e enunciando supostas soluções à problemática. Essas, são oferecidas principalmente pelo mercado, sendo os condomínios horizontais fechados um de seus baluartes. São vendidos como um novo modo de socialização urbana, que aproximam seus habitantes da natureza, dos momentos de lazer, os mantém longe da violência, do medo e da insegurança, ou seja, ampliam sua liberdade e qualidade de vida. A análise das narrativas em torno dos condomínios, conforme evidenciamos neste texto a partir de entrevistas com citadinos de Araguaína, Tocantins, revelam que eles têm se transformado em um ideal de cidade. As narrativas veiculadas pelos moradores entrevistados dessa cidade, apontam na direção de uma condominização da vida urbana como solução para a insegurança. A resolução dos problemas urbanos, nessa perspectiva, passa pelo isolamento e separação, via multiplicação de muros e cercas, cenário ideal para fertilização de preconceitos, racismo e ódio às minorias. Apesar de ser o imaginário hegemônico, encontrou-se entre os entrevistados vozes dissonantes, especialmente daqueles que já sofreram algum tipo de violência simbólica nesses lugares, os quais encontram-se fora de qualquer horizonte de habitabilidade. Ainda que importante, essas posições não revelam e veiculam uma imaginação geográfica da cidade alternativa aos condomínios fechados. Por isso, essas discussões são fundamentais para oferecer novas mediações às vozes dissidentes a um modelo de urbe que avança e ameaça a luta e concretização do direito à cidade.
Sintomas comportamentais e emocionais em crianças com baixa competência motora: segundo a percepção êmica parental
Authors: Medeiros Pâmella , Zequinão Marcela Almeida , Silva Walan Robert , Maciel Isabely Rúbila , Cardoso Fernando Luiz 
Published: May 2022

A baixa competência motora pode estar associada a incidência de problemas com a saúde mental, principalmente no que diz
respeito a desfechos sociais, comportamentais e emocionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação dos sintomas emocionais e comportamentais com competência motora em escolares de 7 a 10 anos. Para isso, foram avaliadas 439 crianças (242 meninas e 197 meninos). As variáveis foram mensuradas com o Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd ed. (MABC-2) e Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Os resultados indicaram que crianças com baixa competência motora tiveram mais chances de terem desenvolvimento anormal no que se refere aos sintomas emocionais e comportamentais, quando comparada às crianças do grupo referência. Dessa forma, dados empíricos como estes podem auxiliar na conscientização pública e profissional, tendo em vista as consequências sociais e psicológicas da baixa competência motora, além dos custos individuais advindos dos problemas de saúde mental.
Prevalência de lesões osteomusculares em jogadores de futebol acreanos nas temporadas 2016-2018
Authors: Bezerra Jader Andrade , Sampaio Aristéia Nunes Sampaio , Jeane Jeane Maria Moura Costa , Jaqueline Jaqueline dos Santos Valente Barros , De Lima Jefferson Teixeira Sarmento , Clodoaldo Antonio Clodoaldo Melo de Castro 
Published: May 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalência de lesões osteomusculares em jogadores de futebol profissional do estado do Acre, nas temporadas 2016, 2017 e 2018. Método: A amostra foi composta por 112 atletas profissionais de futebol, por meio da verificação dos prontuários dos jogadores que apresentaram alguma ocorrência de lesão e entrevista com os atletas e/ou os responsáveis pelo seu tratamento. Foram coletadas informações referentes às características das lesões desportivas: tipo da lesão, se a lesão ocorreu durante os jogos ou treinos, local corpóreo afetado e posição que o atleta jogava. Resultados: O estiramento 38 (33,9%) e a contratura 41 (36,6%) foram as lesões que mais acometem os atletas, seguidos pela contusão 9 (8,0%), luxação 6 (5,4%) e tendinite 5 (4,5%). Os membros inferiores são os que mais apresentam algum tipo de lesão, sendo o posterior da coxa, joelho e tornozelo os locais com maior frequência. Os laterais e meio campistas são as posições com maior prevalência de lesões. Em 2016 a prevalência de lesões era maior nos jogos do que nos treinos, sendo que, no decorrer das temporadas houve uma inversão para uma maior prevalência nos treinos. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões nos jogadores de futebol Acreanos é alta, com maior frequência nos laterais, meio atacantes e atacantes, sendo notório, a utilização de meios de prevenção para essas lesões.
Outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy
Authors: Karakoc Hanife Nur , Aksoy Aysun , Aydin Merve , Ozcan Safiye Nur , Zengin Gulcin , Yasar Hacer Aksit 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy and evaluate possible factors associated with 28-day mortality in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods:
We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study on hospitalised patients with clinical, epidemiological, and/or radiologically confirmed and suspected COVID-19 at Bitlis Tatvan State Hospital in Turkey between December 1, 2020 and June 1, 2021. All data of the study participants were recorded, and all patients received intravenous high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy. The Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (OSCI), Charlson Comorbidity Index and Total Severity Score were calculated. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory parameters that may affect the 28-day mortality.

Results:
A total of 126 patients were included in the analysis. The 28-day mortality rate of the patients was 22.2%. Laboratory and clinical improvement were observed in 77.8% (98/126) of patients after high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy. There was a statistically significant difference between the survivors and non-survivors in terms of age, platelet count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and OSCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Total Severity Score (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age [HR 1.047 (95% CI 1.01-1.08)], use of prophylactic anticoagulation [HR 0.838 (95% CI 0.79-0.89)], and bacterial co-infection [HR 3.966 (95% CI 1.40-11.21)] were significant determinants of mortality. Early C-reactive protein (CRP) response, decreased oxygen requirement, and improving respiratory rate/OSCI scores after administration of high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy could contribute to clinical improvement.

Conclusions:
CRP response, needed oxygen and OSCI scores can be used as prognostic factors to select patients who will benefit from high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy.
Impact of COVID Pandemic on Psychological Health and Academics of Undergraduate Students
Authors: Pokale Aarati B. , Godbole Aditya A. , Deshmukh Rupeshkumar 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. After its spread in India, lockdown was initiated which forced students to continue their education through online learning platforms.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on psychological health and academics of undergraduate students in India.

Settings and Design:
Online survey conducted among undergraduate students.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional study was conducted using three validated scales to assess fear, anxiety and depression (Numeric Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale A, and Zung Self-Rating depression Scale).

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25.0. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of variables with demographic characteristics and regression analysis was done to calculate anxiety and depression scores.

Results:
Online survey was filled by 721 undergraduate students from across India. Moderate scores of fear, anxiety, and depression were reported to be 43.3%, 23.4%, and 76.4%, respectively. A total of 82.5% of respondents reported that the pandemic had affected their studies with disturbed routine, loss of concentration, and eye strain being the major causes.

Conclusions:
Mental health of students should be assessed and psychological guidance should be provided during the pandemic. Online teaching curriculum should consider all the stressors faced by students and planned accordingly.
Psychiatric Morbidities in Inpatients of COVID-19 in Dedicated COVID Hospitals
Authors: Joshi Rashmi , Chavhan Smita S. , Dhikale Prasad T. , Adsul Balkrishna , Kumbhar Maharudra , Gokhale Chinmay N. , Ingale Aniket R. , Pawar Pradnya 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to assess (a) the prevalence of psychiatric illness in inpatients of COVID-19 and (b) different types of psychiatric morbidities.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was done in a dedicated COVID hospital after an Institutional Ethics Committee approval. It was a cross-sectional observational study of all patients admitted from December 2020 to May 2020 after ethical committee clearance. A total of 1535 patients were referred, and 1452 (8.2%) were diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses by using clinical interview and diagnostic questionnaire based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria.

Results:
Out of the 17,676 patients admitted during this period, 1,452 (8.2%) patients were diagnosed with psychiatric illness, out of them 1,233 (6.9%) had new onset psychiatric illness. The age (mean±SD) of the patients was 59.75±16.46 years. The majority [959 (66.1%)] of the patients were males and 493 (33.9%) were females. Psychopharmacotherapy and psychological interventions were done to help patients through this crisis. Duration of stay (mean±SD) was 16.86±10.4 days and 636 (43.8%) patients had comorbidities.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of psychiatric illness was 8.2% in inpatients of COVID-19. Common psychiatric morbidities in COVID-19 inpatients are depression, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, and delirium.
Fine-needle diathermy for corneal vascularisation
Authors: Ravichandran Swetha , Natarajan Radhika 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Corneal angiogenesis occurs as a sequel to an insult and it brings with it cells that mediate immunity as well as repair and aids in flushing toxins out. These vessels are formed in haste and leak lipid and cells, ultimately resulting in loss of transparency, lipid keratopathy and immunogenicity. So, they may need treatment prior to an optical keratoplasty.

Purpose:
To demonstrate the procedure of Fine Needle Diathermy (FND) to treat corneal neovascularization, its indications and contraindications.

Synopsis:
FND uses coagulating current from a monopolar cautery unit to occlude the afferent and efferent blood vessels. FND works best at the stage of mature vessel formation. The needle is placed across a tuft of vessels or parallel to a single large vessel, being mindful of the depth and direction. FND is avoided in necrotic tissue where the blood vessel is needed for healing process. Occlusion of the vessel in these situations may result in tissue melt.

Highlights:
Corneal neovascularization follows the stages of latent phase, active neovascularization, mature vessel formation and then regression. The treatment modality depends on the stage of angiogenesis. FND works best for neovascularization due to infectious keratitis. Keratoplasty is best performed 3 to 4 months later when regression of corneal vascularization occurs.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/2RK6d_a2Gdc
Endoilluminator-aided cataract surgery in eyes with corneal opacity – A modified surgical approach
Authors: Parameshwarappa Deepika C , Nanda Satabdi , N Kavya , Matada Roopashri , Murthy Gowri J , R Murthy Praveen 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Cataract and corneal blindness continue to be leading causes of reversible blindness in India. These can co-exist in a multitude of pathologies such as trauma, healed keratitis (old herpetic scar), chronic degenerative changes such as labrador keratopathy, bullous keratopathy, corneal dystrophies etc. Phacoemulsification in such eyes is rewarding to the patient in terms of minimal intervention, less risk of complications owing to reduced open sky time (as in case of combined keratoplasty), and better predictable visual outcomes. Approach to such eyes with poor visualisation is highly challenging.

Purpose:
We illustrate a modified surgical technique of chandelier illumination through pars plana for cataract surgery in eyes with corneal opacity of varying grades.

Synopsis:
Five patients with dense cataract and small pupils, associated with corneal opacity (leucomatous and macular grade) are described. Closed chamber phacoemulsification with intraocular lens with or without pupil expanders was performed assisted by 23 or 25 gauge pars plana chandelier illumination introduced in the vitreous cavity through a sclerotomy wound made prior to phacoemulsification in the inferotemporal quadrant.

Highlights:
Chandelier illumination aids in reducing the light scatter that occurs due to corneal opacity. Ease of visualisation of lens structures and of performing cataract surgery was noticed. One case was combined with penetrating keratoplasty with reduced open sky time. This assisted technique has advantages such as enhancing visualisation intraoperatively and allowing working in closed chamber. Its self-retaining nature aids bimanual manipulation. No complications were encountered. The video highlights the utility, advantages and practicality of chandelier retroillumination in patients with corneal opacities of varying degree undergoing phacoemulsification.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/I3z6QG-_wD8
Agreement between the biometric measurements used to calculate the size of the implantable collamer lenses measured with four different technologies
Authors: Calvo-Sanz Jorge A , Poyales Francisco , Zhou Ying , Arias-Puente Alfonso , Garzón Nuria 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the agreement between the biometric measurements used to calculate the size of the implantable collamer lenses (ICL) with different technologies: swept-source optical coherence tomography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and Scheimpflug tomography.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study included subjects undergoing refractive surgery with posterior chamber phakic IOL implantation to correct their myopia. The anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the horizontal white to white (WTW) or the angle to angle (ATA) distance were measured with the following four devices: the IOLMaster 700 biometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), based on swept-source optical coherence tomography; the Cirrus and Visante optical coherence tomographs (Carl Zeiss Meditec) based on low-coherence interferometry; and the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany).

Results:
In the horizontal corneal diameter measurements, there were statistically significant differences between Pentacam–IOLMaster 700 pair (P < 0.001) and Pentacam–Visante pair (P < 0.001). WTW from CIRRUS showed the lowest correlation when paired with Pentacam and IOLMaster 700 (R
2 = 0.452 and 0.385 for Visante and R
2 = 0.494 and 0.426 for Cirrus). Regarding the linear correlation of the ACD measurements, all pairs of devices were statistically significant and all of them showed a very good correlation index.

Conclusion:
There is a good agreement between the different devices under evaluation for ACD measurements. As for WTW, the values measured with the different devices showed large discrepancies with low correlation levels, especially when comparing the tomographs with the other devices under evaluation.
Redrawing vitreoretinal surgical training program in the COVID-19 era: Experiences of a tertiary care institute in North India
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , Arora Atul , Tigari Basavaraj , Singh Simar Rajan , Dogra Mohit , Katoch Deeksha , Bansal Reema , Gupta Vishali 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought medical and surgical training to a standstill across the medical sub-specialties. Closure of outpatient services and postponement of elective surgical procedures have dried up opportunities for training vitreoretinal trainees across the country. This “loss” has adversely impacted trainees’ morale and mental health, leading to feelings of uncertainty and anxiety. Therefore, there is an urgent need to redraw the surgical training program. We aimed to describe a systematic stepwise approach to vitreoretinal surgical training.

Methods:
We introduced a three-pronged approach to vitreoretinal surgical training comprising learn from home, wet lab and simulator training, and hands-on transfer of surgical skills in the operating room in our institute.

Results:
Encouraging results were obtained as evaluated by feedback from the trainees about the usefulness of this three-pronged approach in developing surgical skills and building their confidence.

Conclusion:
The disruption caused by the COVID-19 global pandemic should be used as an opportunity to evolve and reformulate surgical training programs to produce competent vitreoretinal surgeons of the future.
Toxic non-inflammatory fungal keratitis
Authors: Subudhi Praveen , Patro Sweta , Pattanayak Sabyasachi , Agarwal Prateek , Sitaram Silla , Subudhi B N R 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To report a new entity called “toxic non-inflammatory fungal keratitis.”

Methods:
Eyes manifesting infective keratitis with a history of prior administration of topical steroids were included in the study. The details pertaining to the type of injury, duration of injury, and primary treatment for corneal trauma were meticulously documented. The corneal tissues were scraped from the patients and were analyzed for fungal filaments by using a 10% KOH mount under a compound microscope. Moreover, these scraped materials were plated on blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates.

Results:
The corneal ulcers displayed a disproportionately reduced intensity of pain and improved visual acuity. Further, 10% KOH revealed profuse fungal filaments with few inflammatory cells in all the patients. The anterior chamber cells and flare were either reduced or entirely absent. There was no evidence of lid edema and surrounding corneal edema in any of the patients. The mean healing period was 28.8 days (standard deviation (SD): 10.05). The KOH mount revealed the presence of confluent fungal hyphae with a few inflammatory cell infiltrates. The Aspergillus species and Fusarium species were found in 47% and 40% of the cases, respectively.

Conclusion:
Toxic non-inflammatory fungal keratitis following steroid therapy needs to be considered in fungal ulcers with disproportionately less pain and good visual acuity. The fungal ulcers with altered clinical signs of classical inflammation need to be assessed for topical steroid misuse.
Profile of ocular conditions from school eye screening in Southern India
Authors: Chandrasekar Ambika , Rangavittal Subhiksha , Krishnamurthy Saara , Narayanan Anuradha 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To profile the presentation of ocular conditions among school children aged 6 to 17 years from the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Methods:
The study was conducted as part of a school eye health program in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu that aimed to address the refractive needs of children (6–17 years) between July 2016 and June 2019. The study followed a three-phase protocol, which included visual acuity test, modified clinical test, color vision test, binocular vision assessment, objective and subjective refraction, dispensing spectacles, posterior segment evaluation using direct ophthalmoscopy, and referral to the base hospital. The demographics, clinical details, and ocular conditions (classified under 16 categories) were analyzed. Profiling and association of ocular conditions among different locations, types of schools, class grades, and gender were presented.

Results:
Data of 2,45,565 children were analyzed from 1,047 schools, of which 4,816 (1.96%) children were identified with ocular conditions other than refractive errors. The common reasons for referral were high myopia 901 (0.37%), strabismus 819 (0.33%), and amblyopia 691 (0.28%). Retinal problems (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.22, P = 0.001) and strabismus (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.21–1.65, P < 0.001) were the conditions prevalent in the rural location. Cataract and related conditions (OR: 5.73, 95% CI: 4.10–8.01, P < 0.001) and retinal problems (OR: 4.76, 95% CI: 3.37–6.72, P < 0.001) were common in children studying in public schools. Of the 16 categories, 13 conditions were seen among primary school children. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (OR: 3.64 95% CI: 2.12–6.23 P < 0.001) was common among males.

Conclusion:
The study profiled ocular conditions among school children. Most ocular conditions warrant prolonged care and specialty eye care services. Ensuring the availability of such services and follow-up after school eye screening would safeguard the visual development of these children.