bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in the immune phenotype of thymectomized children and the development of atopic disorders after heart transplantation
Authors: Kim Tiffany B. , Ionescu Lavinia , Avdimiretz Nicholas , Murdoch Faye , Larsen Ingrid M. , Motyka Bruce , West Lori J. , Urschel Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic disorders are more common in children after heart transplant (HTx). We hypothesized that HTx at an early age and thymus excision (TE) affect development of T and B cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), which help maintain tolerance.MethodsIn this single‐center study including 24 patients transplanted between 2013 and 2018, we investigated lymphocyte patterns in relation to these factors using flow cytometry. Clinical data were collected from standardized questionnaires and medical charts. Patients were stratified into TE and non‐TE groups as well as patients with and without post‐transplant atopy development/worsening.Results64% of TE patients experienced new or worsening asthma/eczema post‐transplant compared to 20% of non‐TE patients. TE patients had higher total Treg proportions (CD4+CD25+CD127lo) than non‐TE patients (p = .043), but borderline significantly lower naïve Tregs (CD45RA+CD27−) (p = .057). Memory CD4+ T cells were higher in TE patients in trend (p = .084). Total Tregs did not differ between atopic/nonatopic groups, although naïve Tregs were significantly lower in atopic patients (p = .028). Memory CD4+ T cells were higher in atopic patients in trend (p = .082). IgM+IgD+ B cells were higher in nonatopic patients in trend (p = .064).ConclusionsNew/worsening atopy is more common in thymectomized HTx children and is associated with alterations in T‐cell profiles. Avoiding TE may prevent these alterations and reduce incidence of atopy post‐HTx.
HLA ‐ matched related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with polynucleotide kinase 3–phosphatase mutation developed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bayram Nihan , Yaman Yontem , Elli Murat , Ozdilli Kursat , Nepesov Serdar , Dogan Mehmet Sait , Ayaz Akif , Anak Sema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPNPK gene mutations result in DNA repair disorders and have a spectrum of neurodevelopmental manifestations. To date, cancer predisposition has not been described in patients with PNKP mutations.ObservationHere, we report a patient with PNKP mutation, who developed AML at age of five and underwent reduced‐intensity HSCT.ConclusionAlthough many DNA repair disorders are known to have increased risk of malignancy, association between PNKP mutations and malignancy is not well‐described. This report is the first description of a PNPK mutation patient developing a malignancy and undergoing curative HSCT.
Sarcopenia prevalence in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients: Implications on post‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Raghu Vikram K. , Sico Rita , Rudolph Jeffrey A. , Mazariegos George V. , Squires Judy , Squires James E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia has been associated with poor surgical outcomes but has not been studied in pediatric intestinal transplantation. We aimed to determine sarcopenia prevalence in intestinal transplant recipients and the association of sarcopenia with outcomes.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional retrospective chart review of intestinal transplant recipients from 2000‐present. We estimated total psoas muscle area (tPMA) at L3‐L4 and L4‐L5 from computed tomography scans prior to or in the immediate peri‐operative period. Sarcopenia was defined by tPMA below the 5th percentile for age and sex. We built a Cox‐proportional hazards model to determine the association between sarcopenia and patient and graft survival.ResultsOf the 56 intestinal transplant recipients included, 36 (64%) were sarcopenic. Graft survival was 79% at one year and 59% at five years. Overall patient survival was 86% at one year and 76% at five years. Peri‐transplant sarcopenia was associated with improved graft survival (Hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.20–0.88) but not overall survival (Hazard ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–1.20).ConclusionsIn this first report of sarcopenia in pediatric intestinal transplant, we found a high sarcopenia prevalence without an association with worse outcomes. The potential improved graft survival in sarcopenic patients along with underlying mechanisms warrant further exploration.
Fish parasites can reflect environmental quality in fish farms
Authors: Jerônimo Gabriela Tomas , da Cruz Matheus Gomes , Bertaglia Elisabeth de Aguiar , Furtado William Eduardo , Martins Maurício Laterça 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the aquatic environment, fish are subject to different pollutants and environmental variations that favour stress on animals, making them vulnerable to pathogens. Fish parasites are excellent biological indicators of environmental quality, as their parasitic population may increase or decrease in response to changes in water parameters and/or the presence of pollutants. Ectoparasites are considered excellent indicators of environmental quality because they have a monoxenic life cycle with high reproductive rates that have been responsible for the immediate response to changes in aquatic biota. In turn, parasites with a heteroxenous life cycle are also responsive to environmental variation because, with the mortality of intermediate hosts, their population can be easily changed. However, studies with endoparasites and their relation with the environment are more numerous, as they are accumulators of pollutants, especially trace elements, either via fish or through stages of development outside the host that also contribute to the accumulation of metals. Moreover, Digenea, Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Cestoda parasites can compete for trace elements that are bioavailable in the environment, as fish with a greater abundance of parasites have a lower concentration of toxic metals in their tissues. Furthermore, they have a high affinity for trace elements that are toxic to human and fish health (arsenic, mercury, lead and cadmium). This review is a comprehensive overview of the use of fish parasites as environmental sentinels and describes their potential as bioindicators of effect and accumulation, and evaluates their application in fish farms environments.
Co‐designing and building an expert‐elicited non‐parametric Bayesian network model: demonstrating a methodology using aBonamia Ostreaespread risk case study
Authors: Hanea Anca M. , Hilton Zoë , Knight Ben , P. Robinson Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development and use of probabilistic models, particularly Bayesian networks (BN), to support risk‐based decision making is well established. Striking an efficient balance between satisfying model complexity and ease of development requires continuous compromise. Codesign, wherein the structural content of the model is developed hand‐in‐hand with the experts who will be accountable for the parameter estimates, shows promise, as do so‐called nonparametric Bayesian networks (NPBNs), which provide a light‐touch approach to capturing complex relationships among nodes. We describe and demonstrate the process of codesigning, building, quantifying, and validating an NPBN model for emerging risks and the consequences of potential management decisions using structured expert judgment (SEJ). We develop a case study of the local spread of a marine pathogen, namely,Bonamia ostreae. The BN was developed through a series of semistructured workshops that incorporated extensive feedback from many experts. The model was then quantified with a combination of field and expert‐elicited data. The IDEA protocol for SEJ was used in its hybrid (remote and face‐to‐face) form to elicit information about more than 100 parameters. This article focuses on the modeling and quantification process, the methodological challenges, and the way these were addressed.
Smart home technology: Challenges and opportunities for collaborative governance and policy research
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Shafi Saahir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping and developed nations face demographic challenges in the coming decades. Aging populations are expected to strain health resources and social safety nets. Smart home technology (SHT) is touted as a means for simultaneously improving quality of life and independence, while also reducing the long‐term costs of caring for an aging population. SHT also presents myriad governance and policy challenges, especially the protection and use of vast amounts of patient data. Alas, the governance and policy aspects of SHT research have been largely peripheral. The aims of this review are to cogently present the governance benefits and challenges of SHT and prompt greater engagement by policy scholars in myriad unanswered research questions. Specifically, it uses the collaborative governance framework to identify opportunities for, and barriers to, forward‐thinking public and private collaboration. Research engagement by policy researchers is vital for effective governing of this burgeoning sector.
Numerical study of Davey–Stewartson I systems
Authors: Frauendiener Jörg , Klein Christian , Muhammad Umar , Stoilov Nikola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn efficient high precision hybrid numerical approach for integrable Davey–Stewartson (DS) I equations for trivial boundary conditions at infinity is presented for Schwartz class initial data. The code is used for a detailed numerical study of DS I solutions in this class. Localized stationary solutions are constructed and shown to be unstable against dispersion and blow‐up. A finite‐time blow‐up of initial data in the Schwartz class of smooth rapidly decreasing functions is discussed.
Spatial dynamics of protest: Themes and trajectories
Authors: Jalili Jaleh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I discuss some ongoing and emerging debates on spatial dynamics of protest and examine different approaches in studying spaces of protest. With a thematic approach, I first discuss studies that engage with space from a bird's eye view perspective. These studies generally focus on relational dynamics of space and examine how socioeconomic, political, and cultural elements of spatially bounded entities provide spatial contexts for mobilization and protest. I then turn to space/movement relations through revisiting dynamics of social movements as they unfold in space. Three main lines of research help in structuring these scholarly conversations: claim making; policing and control of space; and meaning making and cultural production. Finally, I discuss some new and evolving themes and trajectories, including virtual spaces and their interactions with the physical space. I conclude by discussing how these approaches intersect and shape our knowledge of spatial dynamics of protest.
Empathy in preschool Portuguese children: Validation of the Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue)
Authors: da Silva Brenda M.S. , Rieffe Carolien , Veiga Guida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmpathy is an important building block for social interactions, that not only allows individuals experience and understand others’ affective states, but also to helpfully respond to them. Although empathy can already be observed from infancy, only one questionnaire has been specifically developed to examine young children's empathy. This study translated and validated the original Dutch Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue) into Portuguese. A total of 250 caregivers of preschool typically developed children, aged between 3 and 6 years old, participated in this study. To assess the validation, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and internal consistency and concurrent validity were tested. The outcomes confirmed that the Portuguese version of the EmQue is also organized in a three‐factor structure (i.e., Emotion Contagion, Attention to Others’ Feelings, and Prosocial Actions). The validation required the exclusion of five of the original items. The internal consistencies of the three EmQue scales for this Portuguese version were good. Associations between the three empathy scales with emotion recognition and prosocial behaviors were in accordance with previous research confirming concurrent validity. Divergent validity assessed through the association of the three empathy scales with aggression was partially confirmed.
Diagnosing of primary cutaneous amyloidosis using dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Lei Wang , Ai‐E Xu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is apruritic and potentially disfiguring disorder; this disease is usually diagnosed clinically due to its common occurrence. However, for cases with atypical presentations or for those physicians not familiar with PCA, the diagnosis can be a challenge.ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of PCA under dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in order to gain experience and reference for clinicians to facilitate diagnosis.MethodsThe typical lesions of 110 patients with primary cutaneous amyloidosis were observed by dermoscopy and RCM, and scanning results were recorded. Thirty patients followed by complete excision for histopathological analysis.ResultsA total of 110 patients with clinically diagnosed PCA were enrolled. Forty‐seven patients had lesions consistent with macular amyloidosis and 63 with lichen amyloidosus. The dermoscopic findings of PCA shared a common feature, each ‘macule’ was composed of a central hub pattern surrounded by brownish pigmentation, The pattern of the central hub could be brown, white, scar‐like and structureless area. RCM features of total patients consisted of dermal papilla present cloud‐like agglomerate which are high refractive index.ConclusionsDermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy can be used in the diagnosis of PCA, which can provide a basis for doctors to diagnose.
Evaluation of cutaneous and circulating (serum and exosomes) levels of chemokines (CCL17, CCL22, CCL27 and CCL28) in atopic dogs and their correlation with severity of the disease
Authors: Santoro Domenico , Archer Linda , Chong Eric 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex multifactorial disease characterised by an exaggerated immunological response. Little is known about the role that cutaneous and circulating chemokines play in disease severity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the messenger (m)RNA and protein levels of selected chemokines in skin and serum of healthy and atopic dogs, and in the atopic group to determine whether there is a correlation with disease severity.Materials and methodsSkin biopsies and blood samples were taken from 12 privately owned atopic [lesional (AD‐L) and nonlesional (AD‐NL) skin] and 12 privately owned healthy dogs. Circulating exosomes were extracted from the serum. Cutaneous and exosomal mRNA levels of CCL17, CCL22, CCL27 and CCL28 were quantified using quantitative real‐time PCR. Protein levels were evaluated using canine‐specific ELISA kits. The severity and extent of the clinical signs also were assessed in the atopic dogs using Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) and a validated pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS).ResultsThe expression of CCL28 exosomes in skin was greater in AD‐L when compared to healthy (P = 0.019) and AD‐NL (P = 0.002) samples. However, serum expression was lower in dogs with AD compared to healthy dogs (P = 0.03). A higher expression of CCL17 and CCL22 was seen in AD‐L when compared to healthy skin (P = 0.018 and P = 0.019, respectively). There also was a positive correlation between clinical scores and CCL22 (AD‐NL; r = 0.6, P = 0.05) and between the pruritus score and CCL22 (AD‐L; r = 0.6, P = 0.05). Differences in CCL27 concentrations were not observed.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study suggests that CCL17, CCL22 and CCL28 may play a role in the cutaneous inflammatory response in atopic dogs. They may be considered as markers of disease severity, although further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal equine pituitary gland
Authors: Hobbs Kallie J. , Porter Erin , Wait Courtney , Dark Michael , MacKay Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is increasingly available for evaluation of horses with suspected pituitary adenomas; however, published studies describing the MRI features of normal equine pituitary glands are currently lacking. This retrospective, descriptive, anatomic study describes the MRI appearance and size of presumed normal equine pituitary glands and assesses potential correlations between pituitary size, brain size, and patient weight. These findings serve as a reference for MRI evaluation of the equine pituitary gland. Inclusion criteria consisted of adult horses (2–15 years old), over 300 kg with no evidence of Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and no pituitary abnormalities identified with MRI, yielding 27 horses. Histology was available on seven pituitary glands; all were considered normal by a board‐certified anatomic pathologist. Imaging features of the glands were evaluated on T2‐weighted and pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images. Pituitary length, width, and height and brain height and width were measured by two authors on transverse and mid‐sagittal plane postcontrast T1 weighted images. The mean ± SD pituitary gland width was 21.0 ± 2.4 mm, height: 10.4 ± 1.9 mm, and length: 24.5 ± 2.7 mm. There were no significant correlations using a Pearson's correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, pituitary measurement, and body weight, or between brain measurements and body weight. A statistical difference was not identified using an unpaired t‐test (p > 0.05) in pituitary and brain measurements between necropsied and non‐necropsied horses. Relative to the cerebral white matter, all pituitary glands were isointense to slightly hyperintense on T1‐weighted images and isointense on T2‐weighted images, with the exception of a focal T1‐weighted hyperintensity that was present in the caudal aspect of the pituitary gland in 88% of horses. All pituitary glands were homogenously contrast enhancing. Pituitary dimensions did not correlate with either brain size or body weight in horses.
Single‐modality palliative radiotherapy versus palliative radiotherapy after chemotherapy failure for cats with nasal lymphoma
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroki , Wada Yusuke , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Noguchi Shunsuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPublished studies describing outcomes for cats with nasal lymphoma (NLSA) receiving first‐line palliative radiation (PRT) versus PRT after chemotherapy failure are currently lacking. The aims of this retrospective observational study were to compare outcomes for cats with NLSA that were treated with these two methods. A total of 48 cats were included in analyses; 32 receiving PRT alone and 16 receiving PRT after chemotherapy failure. The treatment response, progression‐free survival (PFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and incidence rate of systemic disease were compared between the two groups. The overall response rate (ORR) was calculated from the same target lesions between pre‐RT (within a week before starting PRT) and post‐RT (on date of PRT completion) by computed tomography (CT) imaging. The ORR was 94% in cats that received PRT alone, 13 had a complete response (CR) and 17 had a partial response (PR). The ORR was 88% in cats that received PRT after chemotherapy failure, with five having CR and nine with PR. There were no significant differences in the ORR between the two groups. The PFS, DSS, and OS significantly increased in the cats that received PRT alone compared to the cats that received PRT after chemotherapy failure (median PFS: 336 vs 228 days, P = 0.0012, median DSS: 360 vs 242 days, P = 0.0025, median OS: 346 vs 242 days, P = 0.0036, respectively). The incidence rate of systemic disease significantly increased in 75% (12/16) of cats receiving PRT after chemotherapy failure compared to 41% (13/32) of cats receiving PRT alone. The results suggested that clinical outcomes may improve in cats with NLSA with first‐line PRT compared to PRT after chemotherapy failure.
The use of common antimicrobial agents in US veal calves
Authors: Cheng Ting‐Yu , Almeida Breanna G. , Pempek Jessica A. , Masterson Margaret A. , Habing Gregory G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of antimicrobials in food animals and the selection of antimicrobial‐resistant pathogens continue to be prominent concerns for human food safety and public health. To provide optimal stewardship programs, antimicrobial use in animal production operations must be quantified and standardized for benchmarking and creating goals, monitoring temporal trends, and identifying causes of emerging resistance. In the United States, quantified estimates of antimicrobial use are available in dairy and beef cattle, but these data have not been generated for veal calf herds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the treatment incidence (TI) of antimicrobials for eight US veal calf farms in one rearing cycle. Treatment incidences were compared between calculated doses defined by the labeled daily dose (LDD), animal‐defined daily dose (ADD) from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline, and the used daily dose (UDD) from the farm treatment protocols. Among eight farms, veal calves received a mean of 34.40 LDD, 34.88 ADD, and 28.68 UDD of an antimicrobial per 100 days. The lower TI based on the UDD administration was a result of higher farm protocol dosing relative to the labeled and EMA daily doses. Higher quantities of antimicrobial administration were observed in the first three weeks (day 1–21) of rearing (Tukey‐adjusted p < .05). This study is the first to quantitatively estimate the TI of antimicrobials on the US veal calf operations and serves as an important step toward the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Identifying facilitators, barriers, and strategies to implement social determinants of health screening, referral, and follow-up in the US: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gagnon Kelly , Ortiz-Siberón Ángel , Patel Nirali Deepak , James Richard , Hawk Mary , Damian April Joy , Beidas Rinad 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review will assess the literature exploring facilitators, barriers, and strategies for the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening, referral to community resources, and follow-up in clinical settings and clinical training curricula in the United States.

Introduction:
Social determinants of health and social needs are a central cause of health inequity and poor health outcomes in the United States. Existing research primarily focuses on theoretical implications of social determinants of health on health outcomes, with a growing secondary focus on the development of screening tools that identify patients’ specific unmet social needs. However, summative research has not yet focused on the barriers, facilitators, and strategies relating to the implementation of social determinants of health and social need screenings into routine clinical care. This scoping review aims to examine literature on the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening in clinical settings and clinical training curricula while also identifying gaps that require further exploration.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include relevant studies examining the facilitators, barriers, and strategies for the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening, referral, and follow-up as they relate to human subjects. The literature must be in English from 2010 and focus on United States clinical health settings and curricula.

Methods:
We will search PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts for eligibility. Data will be extracted from eligible articles and results will be presented in narrative and tabular format in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.