bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of climate and land‐cover change on the conservation status of gibbons
Authors: Yang Li , Chen Tao , Shi Kai‐Chong , Zhang Lu , Lwin Ngwe , Fan Peng‐Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpecies shift their distribution in response to climate and land‐cover change, which may result in a spatial mismatch between currently protected areas (PAs) and priority conservation areas (PCAs). We examined the effects of climate and land‐cover change on potential range of gibbons and sought to identify PCAs that would conserve them effectively. We collected global gibbon occurrence points and modeled (ecological niche model) their current and potential 2050s ranges under climate‐change and different land‐cover‐change scenarios. We examined change in range and PA coverage between the current and future ranges of each gibbon species. We applied spatial conservation prioritization to identify the top 30% PCAs for each species. We then determined how much of the PCAs are conserved in each country within the global range of gibbons. On average, 31% (SD 22) of each species’ current range was covered in PAs. PA coverage of the current range of 9 species was <30%. Nine species lost on average 46% (SD 29) of their potential range due to climate change. Under climate‐change with an optimistic land‐cover‐change scenario (B1), 12 species lost 39% (SD 28) of their range. In a pessimistic land‐cover‐change scenario (A2), 15 species lost 36% (SD 28) of their range. Five species lost significantly more range under the A2 scenario than the B1 scenario (p = 0.01, SD 0.01), suggesting that gibbons will benefit from effective management of land cover. PA coverage of future range was <30% for 11 species. On average, 32% (SD 25) of PCAs were covered by PAs. Indonesia contained more species and PCAs and thus has the greatest responsibility for gibbon conservation. Indonesia, India, and Myanmar need to expand their PAs to fulfill their responsibility to gibbon conservation. Our results provide a baseline for global gibbon conservation, particularly for countries lacking gibbon research capacity.
A lightweight deep learning with feature weighting for activity recognition
Authors: Ige Ayokunle Olalekan , Mohd Noor Mohd Halim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the development of deep learning, numerous models have been proposed for human activity recognition to achieve state‐of‐the‐art recognition on wearable sensor data. Despite the improved accuracy achieved by previous deep learning models, activity recognition remains a challenge. This challenge is often attributed to the complexity of some specific activity patterns. Existing deep learning models proposed to address this have often recorded high overall recognition accuracy, while low recall and precision are often recorded on some individual activities due to the complexity of their patterns. Some existing models that have focused on tackling these issues are always bulky and complex. Since most embedded systems have resource constraints in terms of their processor, memory and battery capacity, it is paramount to propose efficient lightweight activity recognition models that require limited resources consumption, and still capable of achieving state‐of‐the‐art recognition of activities, with high individual recall and precision. This research proposes a high performance, low footprint deep learning model with a squeeze and excitation block to address this challenge. The squeeze and excitation block consist of a global average‐pooling layer and two fully connected layers, which were placed to extract the flattened features in the model, with best‐fit reduction ratios in the squeeze and excitation block. The squeeze and excitation block served as channel‐wise attention, which adjusted the weight of each channel to build more robust representations, which enabled our network to become more responsive to essential features while suppressing less important ones. By using the best‐fit reduction ratio in the squeeze and excitation block, the parameters of the fully connected layer were reduced, which helped the model increase responsiveness to essential features. Experiments on three publicly available datasets (PAMAP2, WISDM, and UCI‐HAR) showed that the proposed model outperformed existing state‐of‐the‐art with fewer parameters and increased the recall and precision of some individual activities compared to the baseline, and the existing models.
Data‐driven counterfactual evaluation of management outcomes to improve emergency conservation decisions
Authors: McMurdo Hamilton Thalassa , Ewen John G. , Beauchamp Antony J. , Makan Troy , Rowcliffe Marcus , Canessa Stefano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMonitoring is needed to assess conservation success and improve management, but naïve or simplistic interpretation of monitoring data can lead to poor decisions. We illustrate how to counter this risk by combining decision‐support tools and quantitative counterfactual analysis. We analyzed 20 years of egg rescue for tara iti (Sternula nereis davisae) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Survival is lower for rescued eggs; however, only eggs perceived as imminently threatened by predators or weather are rescued, so concluding that rescue is ineffective would be biased. Equally, simply assuming all rescued eggs would have died if left in situ is likely to be simplistic. Instead, we used the monitoring data itself to estimate statistical support for a wide space of uncertain counterfactuals about decisions and fate of rescued eggs. Results suggest under past management, rescuing and leaving eggs would have led to approximately the same overall fledging rate, because of likely imperfect threat assessment and low survival of rescued eggs to fledging. Managers are currently working to improve both parameters. Our approach avoids both naïve interpretation of observed outcomes and simplistic assumptions that management is always justified, using the same data to obtain unbiased quantitative estimates of counterfactual support.
Conservation fundraising: Evidence from social media and traditional mail field experiments
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Yokoo Hide‐Fumi , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFunding shortages limit conservation impact, making it vital to find effective fundraising methods. To explore how traditional and digital conservation fundraising methods perform, we conducted real‐world field experiments by using direct‐mail and Facebook advertisements. We compared three types of message frames (simple, seed money, and ecological). We found that the seed money frame, which emphasizes the amount already donated, increased the number of donors, whereas the ecological frame, which focuses on the fact that the fundraiser benefits threatened species, led to a relative reduction in the number of donors. We also found that while Facebook advertising costs exceeded donations, while the opposite was true for the traditional mail experiment. This highlights the importance of identifying appropriate donor pools for online and offline fundraising before implementing campaigns. Our findings illustrate some challenges associated with online fundraising and the importance of behavioral evidence to enhance effective fundraising in conservation.
Outcomes following heart or bilateral‐lung transplantation from donors who died of drug toxicity in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Xie Max Wenheng , Keenan Sean Patrick , Toma Mustafa , Levy Robert Daniel , Slaunwhite Amanda , Rose Caren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe illicit drug toxicity (overdose) crisis has worsened across Canada; between 2016 and 2021, more than 28,000 individuals have died of drug toxicity. Organ donation from persons who experience drug toxicity death (DTD) has increased in recent years. This study examines whether survival after heart or bilateral‐lung transplantation differed by donor cause of death.MethodsWe studied transplant recipients in British Columbia who received heart (N = 110) or bilateral‐lung (N = 223) transplantation from deceased donors aged 12–70 years between 2013 and 2019. Transplant recipient survival was compared by donor cause of death from drug toxicity or other. Five‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimates of survival and 3‐year inverse probability treatment weighted Cox proportional hazards models were conducted.ResultsDTD donors made up 36% (40/110) of heart and 24% (54/223) of bilateral‐lung transplantations. DTD donors were more likely to be young, white, and male. Unadjusted 5‐year recipient survival was similar by donor cause of death (heart: 87% for DTD and 86% for non‐DTD, p = .75; bilateral‐ lung: 80% for DTD and 76% for non‐DTD, p = .65). Adjusted risk of mortality at 3‐years post‐transplant was similar between recipients of DTD and non‐DTD donor heart (hazard ratio [HR]: .94, 95% confidence interval (CI): .22–4.07, p = .938) and bilateral‐lung (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: .41–2.70, p = .908).ConclusionRecipient survival after heart or bilateral‐lung transplantation from DTD donors and non‐DTD donors was similar. Donation from DTD donors is safe and should be considered more broadly to increase organ donation.
A rare coronary anomaly: The single left coronary artery with coronary artery fistula draining into the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Wang Jie , Hu Ping , Ku Lei‐zhi , Xia Juan , Ma Xiao‐Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA previously healthy 9‐year‐old girl was referred to us for the evaluation of a murmur on a routine clinical examination. Routine electrocardiogram and chest x‐ray were normal. The cardiac enzymes were normal. Combining ultrasound and CCTA, it was confirmed that the hemodynamics of the heart was a left‐to‐right shunt and that RVOT stole blood from the left ventricle through the single coronary artery (SCA).
“Book Review: The Worth of Water by Matt Damon and Gary White”
Authors: Vinciguerra Tebaldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGary White and Matt Damon's recent book, The Worth of Water, details the challenges faced and insights gleaned while building a major microcredit initiative to improve access to safe water and/or sanitation. It was presented during the World Water Forum in Dakar (March 2022). I will describe the birth and evolution of this initiative, contextualizing it in the current concern for access to clean water, and attempting to highlight its main technical details (financing, organization, and reach). I will also try to offer some critical consideration (regarding access to drinking water as a human right) and perspective (on the possible development of the approach promoted by the book).
Updated estimates of UK GDP from the income side, 1841–1920
Authors: Solomou Solomos , Thomas Ryland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article brings together some of the improvements to GDP estimates from the income side since the publication of Charles Feinstein's 1972 volume National income, expenditure and output of the United Kingdom, 1855–1965. Many of the improvements and refinements were made by Feinstein himself and this paper makes a start in bringing the different elements together, focusing chiefly on reconstructing the income‐based estimates for the period 1841–1920. The new data are then used to comment on several features of the late nineteenth‐century UK economy, considering both the trend and cyclical path of the economy. The new data, coupled with modern de‐trending methods, suggest that there was a long‐term slowing of the UK economy from the late nineteenth century, starting from the 1870s. To undertake the trend–cycle decomposition, we employ a wavelets methodology to describe the time–varying features of trends and cycles over this period.
Connectome‐based predictive modelling of cognitive reserve using task‐based functional connectivity
Authors: Boyle Rory , Connaughton Michael , McGlinchey Eimear , Knight Silvin P. , De Looze Céline , Carey Daniel , Stern Yaakov , Robertson Ian H. , Kenny Rose Anne , Whelan Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive reserve supports cognitive function in the presence of pathology or atrophy. Functional neuroimaging may enable direct and accurate measurement of cognitive reserve which could have considerable clinical potential. The present study aimed to develop and validate a measure of cognitive reserve using task‐based fMRI data that could then be applied to independent resting‐state data. Connectome‐based predictive modelling with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was applied to predict a residual measure of cognitive reserve using task‐based functional connectivity from the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network studies (n = 220, mean age = 51.91 years, SD = 17.04 years). This model generated summary measures of connectivity strength that accurately predicted a residual measure of cognitive reserve in unseen participants. The theoretical validity of these measures was established via a positive correlation with a socio‐behavioural proxy of cognitive reserve (verbal intelligence) and a positive correlation with global cognition, independent of brain structure. This fitted model was then applied to external test data: resting‐state functional connectivity data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA, n = 294, mean age = 68.3 years, SD = 7.18 years). The network‐strength predicted measures were not positively associated with a residual measure of cognitive reserve nor with measures of verbal intelligence and global cognition. The present study demonstrated that task‐based functional connectivity data can be used to generate theoretically valid measures of cognitive reserve. Further work is needed to establish if, and how, measures of cognitive reserve derived from task‐based functional connectivity can be applied to independent resting‐state data.
Interictal HFO and FDG‐PET correlation predicts surgical outcome following SEEG
Authors: Zhao Baotian , McGonigal Aileen , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiu , Mo Jiajie , Zhao Xiaobin , Ai Lin , Shao Xiaoqiu , Zhang Kai , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between interictal18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and interictal high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) from stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with refractory epilepsy.MethodsWe retrospectively included 32 patients. FDG‐PET data were quantified through statistical parametric mapping (SPM)ttest modeling with normal controls. Interictal SEEG segments with four, 10‐min segments were selected randomly. HFO detection and classification procedures were automatically performed. Channel‐based HFOs separating ripple (80–250 Hz) and fast ripple (FR; 250–500 Hz) counts were correlated with the surrounding metabolism T score at the individual and group level, respectively. The association was further validated across anatomic seizure origins and sleep vs wake states. We built a joint feature FR × T reflecting the FR and hypometabolism concordance to predict surgical outcomes in 28 patients who underwent surgery.ResultsWe found a negative correlation between interictal FDG‐PET and HFOs through the linear mixed‐effects model (R2 = .346 and .457 for ripples and FRs, respectively,p < .001); these correlations were generalizable to different epileptogenic‐zone lobar localizations and vigilance states. The FR × T inside the resection volume could be used as a predictor for surgical outcomes with an area under the curve of 0.81.SignificanceThe degree of hypometabolism is associated with HFO generation rate, especially for FRs. This relationship would be meaningful for selection of SEEG candidates and for optimizing SEEG scheme planning. The concordance between FRs and hypometabolism inside the resection volume could provide prognostic information regarding surgical outcome.
Group decision‐making analysis based on distance measures under rough environment
Authors: Fatima Saba , Sarwar Musavarah , Zafar Fariha , Akram Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA rough set as a superset of a crisp set is a mathematical tool to cope with uncertainty using initial data without additional assumptions and pre‐defined parameters. Using the technique of upper and lower approximations, rough models provide a complete description of the problem. This paper aims to introduce the notion of distance function, which is a metric, in rough graphs. We establish formulae of distance function, degree and radius of certain products of rough graphs in terms of initial given rough graphs. We discuss the concepts of weak isomorphism and isomorphism in rough graphs, and describe the properties of isomorphic rough graphs. We demonstrate the significance and importance of the distance function with an application to a decision making problem concerning organ trafficking networks. An application of rough matrices in steam valve systems is discussed, and we show how they can help to identify the potential failures and risk components during the power generation process. The results obtained under the rough model are compared with existing extensions of graphs and fuzzy based approaches.
Curiously exploring affordance spaces of a pouring task
Authors: Pomarlan Mihai , Hedblom Maria M. , Porzel Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman beings and other biological agents appear driven by curiosity to explore the affordances of their environments. Such exploration is its own reward – children have fun when playing – but it probably also serves the practical purpose of learning theories with which to predict outcomes of actions. Cognitive robots however have yet to match the performance of human beings at learning and reusing manipulation skills. In this paper, we implement a method that emulates the curiosity drive and uses it as a heuristic to guide (simulated) exploration of a particular task – pouring liquids. The result of this exploration is a collection of symbolic rules linking qualitative descriptions of object arrangements and the pouring action with qualitative descriptions of likely outcomes. The manner in which qualitative descriptions of object arrangements and actions are converted to numerical descriptions for the purpose of simulation parametrization is via probability distributions, which themselves are adjusted in the process of simulated exploration. This allows the grounding of the symbolic descriptions to attempt to adapt itself to the task. The resulting symbolic rules form a theory that, together with the probability distributions that ground it in numerical parametrizations, is intended to be used to predict qualitative outcomes or select manners of pouring towards achieving a goal.
Home visits, holy visits: Diasporic pilgrimage to the ‘Holy Land’ amongst Palestinian–Jordanian Christians from Amman
Authors: Evans Annabel C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to ‘visiting friends and relatives’ (VFR) discussions within migration and diaspora literatures by proposing a closer theorization of religious mobilities through the conceptual framework of ‘diasporic pilgrimage’. It advances VFR thinking by considering religion as a productive analytical category to interrogate relationships between people and place which sustain and constitute diasporic connection and attachment. This will be explored through the experiences and encounters of Palestinian–Jordanian Christians undertaking visits to places of religious and relational significance across Israel and/or Palestine from Jordan. Through an exploration of ethnographic data collected amongst diasporic Palestinian Christians living in Jordan, diasporic pilgrimage will be theorized as a localized process critically engaging with everyday facets of familiarity and regularity. This will revolve around three main elements of diasporic pilgrimage: translocal connections, temporalities and power geometries which constitute visits from Jordan and the so‐called ‘Holy Land’ a diasporic form of religious mobility.
Moderators of sex‐ and race‐based subgroup differences in assessment center ratings: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vanhove Adam J. , Graham Brooke Z. , Thornton George C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis tested a series of moderators of sex‐ and race‐based subgroup differences using assessment center (AC) field data. We found that sex‐based subgroup differences favoring female assessees were smaller among studies that reported: combining AC scores with other tests to compute overall assessment ratings, lower mean correlations between rating dimensions, using more than one assessor to rate assessees in exercises, and providing assessor training. In contrast, we found larger sex‐based subgroup differences favoring female assessees among studies that reported: lower proportions of females in assessee pools, conducting a job analysis to design the AC, and using multiple observations of AC dimensions across exercises. We also observed a polynomial effect showing that subgroup differences most strongly favored female assessees in jobs with the highest and lowest rates of female incumbents. We found race‐based subgroup differences favoring White assessees were smaller on less cognitively loaded rating dimensions and for jobs with lower rates of Black incumbents. Studies reporting greater overall methodological rigor also showed smaller subgroup differences favoring White assessees. Regarding specific rigor features, studies reporting use of highly qualified assessors and integrating dimension ratings from separate exercises into overall dimension scores showed significantly lower differences favoring White assessees.
A six‐year longitudinal study of parenting and depressive symptoms among Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Chiang Shou‐Chun , Sung Yu‐Hsien , Chen Wan‐Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between early parental warmth, harsh discipline, and adolescent depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence, with attention to gender differences in these associations. The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study, the Taiwan Youth Project, including 2690 Taiwanese adolescents from Wave 1 in 2000 (first year in junior high school) to Wave 6 (third year in high school) in 2005. The results showed a nonlinear developmental trajectory of adolescent depressive symptoms during the middle‐ to high‐school period. Harsh discipline was associated with the significantly higher initial presence and faster growth rate of depressive symptoms, while parental warmth and monitoring were associated with the significantly lower initial presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, female adolescents displayed a higher initial level of depressive symptoms than males when parents exercised higher levels of monitoring and harsh discipline. Finally, we provided suggestions for practice and research.
The attractiveness of Indian Polytechnics graduates—An analysis from the (demand‐side) perspective of companies and colleges
Authors: Schneider Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper examines the attractiveness of graduates from Indian Polytechnics (PTs). The attractiveness is examined from the perspective of actors who have a demand for the graduates, namely companies and engineering colleges. To understand the reasons for their assessment of attractiveness, this study uses the concept of institutional logics (ILs) to unveil the inherent reasons behind the stakeholders' perception of attractiveness. To understand the stakeholders' ILs, interviews were undertaken in nine companies and 10 colleges in Mumbai and Delhi. The findings make clear that the companies' and colleges' assessments of the attractiveness of PT graduates are very different, reflecting their own ILs. Companies assess the attractiveness as limited due to the lack of employability of PT graduates. In contrast, colleges view graduates far more positively, as the weaknesses described by companies have less of an impact on them.