bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewertung von Unternehmensdatenbeständen: Wege zur Wertermittlung des wertvollsten immateriellen Vermögensgegenstandes
Authors: Stein Hannah , Groen in’t Woud Florian , Holuch Michael , Mulryan Dominic , Froese Thomas , Holst Lennard 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt dar, welche Chancen und Herausforderungen mit der Bewertung von Daten sowie der Abbildung monetärer Datenwerte verbunden sind und geht auf mögliche Lösungsansätze zur Bewertung von Unternehmensdatenbeständen, insbesondere im Kontext der industriellen Produktion, ein. Zunächst werden Grundlagen zur Charakterisierung, Nutzung und Verwertung von Daten sowie bestehende Methoden zur Bewertung von immateriellen Vermögensgegenständen dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend werden Chancen und Herausforderungen spezifiziert, potenzielle Lösungsansätze zur Datenbewertung abgeleitet und anschließend Anforderungen für die Datenbewertung beschrieben sowie die nutzenorientierte Datenbewertung skizziert.
Compliant Programming – Rechtssicherer Einsatz von Blockchains und anderen Datentechnologien
Authors: Saive David 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungEs gibt keine rechtsfreien Räume: nicht im „realen“ Leben, nicht im Internet und insgesamt auch nicht bei der Softwareentwicklung. Dieses Mantra kann nicht oft genug wiederholt werden. Das Primat des Rechts gilt fort. Es ist der Grundstein des modernen, rechtsstaatlichen Zusammenlebens. Dennoch werden rechtliche Anforderungen an Software und deren Entwicklungsprozess zumeist stiefmütterlich behandelt. Das ist erstaunlich. Schließlich beeinflusst die zunehmende Digitalisierung unser gesamtes Leben und Arbeiten. Eine korrekt funktionierende Software ist für den Alltag genauso entscheidend wie das Dach über dem Kopf. Doch niemand würde auf die Idee kommen, Häuser ungeachtet der geltenden Bauvorschriften zu planen und zu bauen. In der Softwareentwicklung sieht das leider anders aus. Dieser Beitrag soll als Aufruf für mehr interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Recht und Technik verstanden werden und gleichzeitig konkrete Hinweise zu den rechtlichen Herausforderungen moderner Blockchain-Netzwerke geben.
Revisiting the Monge Problem in the Landauer Limit
Authors: Eckmann Jean-Pierre , Mejía-Monasterio Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe discuss the Monge problem of mass transportation in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics and revisit the problem of the Landauer limit for finite-time thermodynamics, a problem that got the interest of Krzysztof Gawedzki in the last years. We show that restricted to one dimension, optimal transportation is efficiently solved numerically by well-known methods from differential equations. We add a brief discussion about the relevance this has on optimising the processing in modern computers.
Tutorial on PCA and approximate PCA and approximate kernel PCA
Authors: Marukatat Sanparith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used data analysis methods in machine learning and AI. This manuscript focuses on the mathematical foundation of classical PCA and its application to a small-sample-size scenario and a large dataset in a high-dimensional space scenario. In particular, we discuss a simple method that can be used to approximate PCA in the latter case. This method can also help approximate kernel PCA or kernel PCA (KPCA) for a large-scale dataset. We hope this manuscript will give readers a solid foundation on PCA, approximate PCA, and approximate KPCA.
Evidence for three distinct climate change audience segments with varying belief-updating tendencies: implications for climate change communication
Authors: Andreotta Matthew , Boschetti Fabio , Farrell Simon , Paris Cécile , Walker Iain , Hurlstone Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMounting evidence suggests members of the general public are not homogeneous in their receptivity to climate science information. Studies segmenting climate change views typically deploy a top-down approach, whereby concepts salient in scientific literature determine the number and nature of segments. In contrast, in two studies using Australian citizens, we used a bottom-up approach, in which segments were determined from perceptions of climate change concepts derived from citizen social media discourse. In Study 1, we identified three segments of the Australian public (Acceptors, Fencesitters, and Sceptics) and their psychological characteristics. We find segments differ in climate change concern and scepticism, mental models of climate, political ideology, and worldviews. In Study 2, we examined whether reception to scientific information differed across segments using a belief-updating task. Participants reported their beliefs concerning the causes of climate change, the likelihood climate change will have specific impacts, and the effectiveness of Australia’s mitigation policy. Next, participants were provided with the actual scientific estimates for each event and asked to provide new estimates. We find significant heterogeneity in the belief-updating tendencies of the three segments that can be understood with reference to their different psychological characteristics. Our results suggest tailored scientific communications informed by the psychological profiles of different segments may be more effective than a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Using our novel audience segmentation analysis, we provide some practical suggestions regarding how communication strategies can be improved by accounting for segments’ characteristics.
Tailoring climate information and services for adaptation actors with diverse capabilities
Authors: Wilby Robert , Lu Xianfu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith louder demands in public discourse for action on adaptation to climate change, efforts to improve the provision and use of climate information and services (CIS) are also gaining prominence. Drawing on literature about uptake of CIS for climate risk assessment and adaptation, plus our own practical experiences, this Essay examines modes of user-provider interaction in CIS. By employing a customer-tailor analogy, three overlapping types of CIS transaction are identified: ‘off-the-peg’, ‘outsourced’ and ‘bespoke’. Evident across all modes are ‘loyalty card’ customers who return to the same provider(s). We then offer a set of prompts to facilitate more meaningful engagement and dialogue between adaptation actors and providers. These questions could also be used to seed discussions within communities that research and provide training in CIS, as well as amongst stakeholders, funders and other institutions involved in the governance of CIS systems. Such searching and timely conversations could advance a more tailored approach to CIS delivery, regardless of the technical and financial starting point of users and providers.
Wedding Amidst War? Armed Conflict and Female Teen Marriage in Azerbaijan
Authors: Torrisi Orsola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoes armed conflict influence female teen marriage? Despite increasing attention to early marriage, its drivers and consequences, quantitative research on whether teen unions are affected by situations of armed violence is minimal. This paper addresses this gap by examining the relationship between exposure to the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh over 1992–1996 and teen marriage outcomes in Azerbaijan. Using data from the 2006 Demographic and Health Survey and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, I compare cohorts at risk of teen union before and during the conflict climax years with a modelling strategy that exploits information on forced displacement and spatial variation in conflict violence. Results show that experiencing war violence in adolescent ages, its intensity and frequency are associated with a lower risk of teen marriage. Reductions are largest for the cohorts who spent most of their adolescent ages under conflict and who were displaced as a result. For never-migrant conflict-affected girls, declines extend to the youngest cohorts. The combination of age at conflict occurrence and the experience of disruptive events like forced migration matters for teen marriage outcomes.
From oncoproteins to spike proteins: the evaluation of intramolecular stability using hydropathic force field
Authors: Agosta Federica , Kellogg Glen E. , Cozzini Pietro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvaluation of the intramolecular stability of proteins plays a key role in the comprehension of their biological behavior and mechanism of action. Small structural alterations such as mutations induced by single nucleotide polymorphism can impact biological activity and pharmacological modulation. Covid-19 mutations, that affect viral replication and the susceptibility to antibody neutralization, and the action of antiviral drugs, are just one example. In this work, the intramolecular stability of mutated proteins, like Spike glycoprotein and its complexes with the human target, is evaluated through hydropathic intramolecular energy scoring originally conceived by Abraham and Kellogg based on the “Extension of the fragment method to calculate amino acid zwitterion and side-chain partition coefficients” by Abraham and Leo in Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet. 1987, 2:130 − 52. HINT is proposed as a fast and reliable tool for the stability evaluation of any mutated system. This work has been written in honor of Prof. Donald J. Abraham (1936–2021).
Universality of the Number Variance in Rotational Invariant Two-Dimensional Coulomb Gases
Authors: Akemann Gernot , Byun Sung-Soo , Ebke Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn exact map was established by Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine et al. in (Phys Rev A 99(2):021602, 2019) between theNcomplex eigenvalues of complex non-Hermitian random matrices from the Ginibre ensemble, and the positions ofNnon-interacting Fermions in a rotating trap in the ground state. An important quantity is the statistics of the number of Fermions$$\mathcal {N}_a$$Nain a disc of radiusa. Extending the work (Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine et al., in Phys Rev A 99(2):021602, 2019) covering Gaussian and rotationally invariant potentialsQ, we present a rigorous analysis in planar complex and symplectic ensembles, which both represent 2D Coulomb gases. We show that the variance of$$\mathcal {N}_a$$Nais universal in the large-Nlimit, when measured in units of the mean density proportional to$$\Delta Q$$ΔQ, which itself is non-universal. This holds in the large-Nlimit in the bulk and at the edge, when a finite fraction or almost all Fermions are inside the disc. In contrast, at the origin, when few eigenvalues are contained, it is the singularity of the potential that determines the universality class. We present three explicit examples from the Mittag-Leffler ensemble, products of Ginibre matrices, and truncated unitary random matrices. Our proofs exploit the integrable structure of the underlying determinantal respectively Pfaffian point processes and a simple representation of the variance in terms of truncated moments at finite-N.
DIMBA: discretely masked black-box attack in single object tracking
Authors: Yin Xiangyu , Ruan Wenjie , Fieldsend Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe adversarial attack can force a CNN-based model to produce an incorrect output by craftily manipulating human-imperceptible input. Exploring such perturbations can help us gain a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of neural networks, and provide robustness to deep learning against miscellaneous adversaries. Despite extensive studies focusing on the robustness of image, audio, and NLP, works on adversarial examples of visual object tracking—especially in a black-box manner—are quite lacking. In this paper, we propose a novel adversarial attack method to generate noises for single object tracking under black-box settings, where perturbations are merely added on initialized frames of tracking sequences, which is difficult to be noticed from the perspective of a whole video clip. Specifically, we divide our algorithm into three components and exploit reinforcement learning for localizing important frame patches precisely while reducing unnecessary computational queries overhead. Compared to existing techniques, our method requires less time to perturb videos, but to manipulate competitive or even better adversarial performance. We test our algorithm in both long-term and short-term datasets, including OTB100, VOT2018, UAV123, and LaSOT. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three mainstream types of trackers: discrimination, Siamese-based, and reinforcement learning-based trackers. We release our attack tool, DIMBA, via GitHub https://github.com/TrustAI/DIMBA for use by the community.
Why is school leadership key to transforming education? Structural and cultural assumptions for quality education in diverse contexts
Authors: Mincu Monica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFailing to recognize the role of leaders in quality and equitable schooling is unfortunate and must be redressed. Leadership is fundamentally about organized agency and collective vision, not managerialism, since it is an organizational quality, not merely a positionality attribute. Most important, if change is to be systemic and transformative, it cannot occur uniquely at the individual teachers’ level. School organization is fundamental to circulating and consolidating new innovative actions, cognitive schemes, and behaviors in coherent collective practices. This article engages with the relevance of governance patterns, school organization, and wider cultural and pedagogical factors that shape various leadership configurations. It formulates several assumptions that clarify the importance of leadership in any organized change. The way teachers act and represent their reality is strongly influenced by the architecture of their organization, while their ability to act with agency is directly linked to the existence of flat or prominent hierarchies, both potentially problematic for deep and systemic change. A hierarchical imposition from above as well as a lack of leadership vision in fragmented school cultures cannot determine any transformation.
Thiamine improves in vitro propagation of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] – confirmed with a wide range of genotypes
Authors: Vollmer Rainer , Espirilla Janeth , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Arroyo Lineo , Acosta Michel , Flores Gonzalo , Rojas Angel , Ellis David , Azevedo Vania 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn vitro propagation of Plant Genetic Resources is a basic step for routine genebank and biotechnology research activities. Accelerating growth and rooting of in vitro plants contributes to an improvement in process efficiency and plant quality. In the present study the effect of supplemental thiamine and explant size on biometric variables, ion content in plant sap, chlorophyll content in leaves and moisture content in plants were assessed in a replicated trial on a group of seven in vitro sweetpotato accessions and validated in a set of other 45 accessions. It was shown that adding 0.1 mg L −1 of thiamine to modified Murashige and Skoog culture medium significantly increased plant height, root length, and number of nodes of in vitro sweetpotato shoot culture plants. No significant differences were observed for N03−, K+, Na+ and Ca++—ion content in plant sap, nor in leaf area, chlorophyll, or moisture content between plants grown with or without thiamine. Uninodal stem segments showed on thiamine-free medium a significantly lower root and plant growth, and reduced number of nodes, than plants grown from uni- and binodal segments on thiamine-supplemented medium. A subsequent experiment tested all the parameters above in a non-replicated screen with a set of 45 diverse sweetpotato accessions. With this diverse set of germplasm, the average plant and root length increased by 41 and 51%, respectively on thiamine-supplemented culture medium compared to the control treatment, confirming that supplemental thiamine is generally beneficial to sweetpotato in vitro shoot culture.
An investigation of low-protein diets’ qualification rates and an analysis of their short-term effects for patients with CKD stages 3–5: a single-center retrospective cohort study from China
Authors: Zhang Xian-long , Zhang Min , Lei Nuo , Ouyang Wen-wei , Chen Hui-fen , Lao Bei-ni , Xu Yan-min , Tang Fang , Fu Li-zhe , Liu Xu-sheng , Wu Yi-fan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The feasibility and efficacy of low-protein diets (LPD) treatment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Based on the characteristics of the Chinese diet, we observe the qualification rates and short-term clinical effects of LPD for CKD patients in our center.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study. CKD stages 3–5 patients who were regularly followed up 5 times (over 2 years) and treated with LPD were included. We collected clinical data to observe the changes in LPD qualification rates and divided patients into LPD and non-LPD group according to the average dietary protein intake (DPI) of 5 follow-up time points and compared the changes in primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups.

Results
We analyzed data from 161 eligible CKD stages 3–5 patients. From baseline to the 5th follow-up time point, the LPD qualification rates of all patients were 11.80%, 35.40%, 47.82%, 53.43% and 54.04%, respectively. For primary outcome measures, the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) decreased more in the LPD group than in the non-LPD group [Median (interquartile range, IQR) of the difference between the 5th follow-up time point and baseline: 0.19 (− 0.01–0.73) vs. 0.10 (− 0.08–0.27), P < 0.001]. We constructed three classes of mixed linear models (model I, II, III). The UPCR slopes were all negative in the LPD group and positive in the non-LPD group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, in model I, the estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) decline slope in the LPD group was lower than that in the non-LPD group [slope (standard error): − 1.32 (0.37) vs. − 2.35 (0.33), P = 0.036]. For secondary outcome measures, body mass index (BMI) triglycerides (TG), body weight, and fat free mass (FFM) showed stable statistical differences in the comparison of LPD and non-LPD groups, with greater declines in the former.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that LPD treatment can reduce UPCR in patients with CKD stages 3–5, and may also delay the decline in eGFR. Meanwhile, it also reduces BMI, TG, body weight, and FFM, thus the need to prevent malnutrition in clinical implementation.
The bounding effect of the water retention curve on the cyclic response of an unsaturated soil
Authors: Azizi Arash , Kumar Ashutosh , Toll David Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe water retention properties of soils present in formation layers of roads and railways continuously vary due to repeated traffic loads and periodic rainfall events. This is important because the accumulated deformation and resilient modulus of such soils under cyclic loading are profoundly affected by water retention properties. This paper discusses the cyclic and water retention response of a clayey sand subjected to repetitive cyclic loading and wetting stages. The results show that the accumulated permanent strains and resilient modulus of the tested soil are dependent on the suction level while the main wetting water retention curve of the soil dictates the variation of the suction measured during cyclic loading and wetting. This bounding effect of the water retention curve is found to be dependent on the void ratio where the suction can even increase due to the accumulation of strains under cyclic loading while the degree of saturation increases. This contradicts the suction reduction typically observed with an increase in the degree of saturation. A void ratio dependent water retention model is developed accounting for the observed bounding effect and employed to predict the measured suction during repetitive cyclic loading and wetting. The suction values predicted by the void ratio dependent water retention model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The predicted suctions are then used in semi-empirical formulations to obtain the accumulated permanent strains and resilient modulus. A better correlation between model predictions and experimental data is achieved where the suction values predicted by the void ratio dependent water retention model are used. The results imply that predictive frameworks proposed for the cyclic behaviour of road and railway formation layers require water retention counterparts that incorporate the bounding effect of void ratio on soil water retention curves.
Point-of-care ultrasound improves clinical outcomes in patients with acute onset dyspnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Szabó Gergő Vilmos , Szigetváry Csenge , Szabó László , Dembrovszky Fanni , Rottler Máté , Ocskay Klemetina , Madzsar Stefanie , Hegyi Péter , Molnár Zsolt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe early, appropriate management of acute onset dyspnea is important but often challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (PoCUS) versus conventional management on clinical outcomes in patients with acute onset dyspnea. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference lists were searched to identify eligible trials (inception to October 14, 2021). There were no language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and prospective and retrospective cohort studies that compared PoCUS with conventional diagnostic modalities (controls) in patients with acute onset dyspnea were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The primary study outcomes were time to diagnosis, time to treatment, and length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included rate of appropriate treatment, 30-day re-admission rate, and mortality. We included eight RCTs and six observational studies with a total of 5393 participants. Heterogeneity across studies was variable (from low to considerable), with overall low or moderate study quality and low or moderate risk of bias (except one article with serious risk of bias). Time to diagnosis (mean difference [MD], − 63 min; 95% CI, − 115 to − 11 min] and time to treatment (MD, − 27 min; 95% CI − 43 to − 11 min) were significantly shorter in the PoCUS group. In-hospital LOS showed no differences between the two groups, but LOS in the Intensive Care Unit (MD, − 1.27 days; − 1.94 to − 0.61 days) was significantly shorter in the PoCUS group. Patients in the PoCUS group showed significantly higher odds of receiving appropriate therapy compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.61–3.32), but there was no significant effect on 30-day re-admission rate and in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Our results indicate that PoCUS use contributes to early diagnosis and better outcomes compared to conventional methods in patients admitted with acute onset dyspnea.
Graphical abstract