bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young adult males have worse survival than females that is largely independent of treatment received for many types of central nervous system tumors: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Moore Kristin J. , Moertel Christopher L. , Williams Lindsay A. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors rank among the top 5 cancers diagnosed in young adults aged 20 to 39 years at diagnosis and show a clear male excess in incidence. It is unknown whether sex differences in survival persist across histologic types and depend on the treatment received.MethodsFrom the National Cancer Database (2004‐2016), young adults (aged 20‐39 years) who had been diagnosed with CNS tumors were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated as measures of association between sex and death via Cox regression. An inverse odds weighting mediation analysis was performed with treatment received as a mediator.ResultsThere were 47,560 cases (47% male). Males had worse overall survival than females for 9 of 16 histologic types, including diffuse astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and meningioma (all P < .05). Males had an increased risk of death after a brain tumor diagnosis overall (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.53) and for 8 histologies. There was a significant association between male sex and death overall that was mediated by treatment received (indirect‐effect HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.18), but no single histology had a significant indirect effect. All histologies examined in mediation analyses had significant direct effects for sex. The excess mortality due to sex was 20% for all CNS tumors combined and 34% among males with CNS tumors.ConclusionsOverall, treatment received may mediate a portion of the association between sex and death after a CNS tumor, but sex itself appears to be a stronger risk factor for death in this study.
Minority children experience a higher risk of death from many central nervous system tumor types even after accounting for treatment received: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Moore Kristin J. , Moertel Christopher L. , Williams Lindsay A. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundBrain tumors are the leading cause of death from disease in children. Racial/ethnic minority children have poorer outcomes than White children; however, it is not clear whether this association is mediated by treatment received.MethodsChildren (aged 0‐19 years) diagnosed with brain tumors in the National Cancer Database (2004‐2016) were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or White [reference]) and death. An inverse odds weighted mediation analysis was performed with treatment received as the mediator.ResultsAmong 22,469 cases, White children (69% of the sample) had significantly better overall 12.5‐year survival (P < .01). Black children (13% of the sample) and Hispanic children (14% of the sample) had an increased risk of death overall and for glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma. Compared with Whites, Asian/Pacific Islander children had a higher risk of death from choroid plexus tumors and a lower risk of death from medulloblastoma. There were no statistically significant meditating effects by treatment received, although the estimate was borderline in Hispanic children (indirect HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.18). A treatment‐independent association between race/ethnicity and death remained for Hispanic children (direct HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.33) and Black children (direct HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.45). If deaths in minorities had equaled those in White children, 5% fewer total deaths and 15% fewer minority deaths would have occurred.ConclusionsSurvival disparities exist in pediatric brain tumors and are largely independent of treatment received, but other mechanisms linked to race/ethnicity remain important.
Load Balancing Based on Closed Loop Control Theory (LBBCLCT): A Software Defined Networking (SDN) powered server load balancing system based on closed loop control theory
Authors: Malavika Rajadurai , Valarmathi Muniappan Lakshapalam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article comprises work concerned with proposing a scheme for intercepting network traffic and directs that traffic to servers in Software defined network model. Several studies have explored the effects of average response time of user requests with different load balancing algorithms. Server load balancing is a well‐recognized issue which necessitates a better approach by doing deeper understanding of the network parameters. The implications of the mean response time of client requests are investigated in this article by having a closer look on changing the important network parameter namely probing time (time to investigate the server farm in order to gain access to server data) using the concept of closed loop control theory. Our LBBCLCT proves to be effectively distributes the user requests to the most appropriate server by timely changing the server even when the traffic exhibits inconsistency. The results reveal that LBBCLCT outperforms other methods such as round robin, LBBSRT, and SD‐WLB in terms of processing the client requests with a reduced mean server response time. LBBCLCT showed the improvement of average response time by 46.2%, 25.6%, and 43.59% over round robin, LBBSRT, and SDWLB respectively.
A practical, comprehensive guide to pain management hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Li Yiwen H. , Williams Monica N. , Jedrzejczak Mark J. , Orenstein Lauren A. V. , Singh Vinita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain is the most impactful symptom of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and is highly correlated with patients' quality of life.MethodsThis narrative review incorporates literature about HS pain, management of other chronic painful conditions, and expert opinion.FindingsHS causes complex pain with nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic components. This article draws from knowledge about other painful conditions to propose a holistic approach to helping patients with HS manage their pain including characterizing the pain type, tips for effective physician‐patient communication, and suggestions for pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic therapies.ConclusionPain is one of the most impactful and debilitating symptoms of HS. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive pain in HS as well as disease‐specific data supporting effective strategies for managing HS pain are greatly needed.
Biased and inflexible interpretations of ambiguous social situations: Associations with eating disorder symptoms and socioemotional functioning
Authors: Bronstein Michael V. , Everaert Jonas , Kummerfeld Erich , Haynos Ann F. , Vinogradov Sophia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch indicates that difficulties across multiple socioemotional functioning domains (e.g., social emotion expression/regulation, response to social elicitors of emotion) and negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous social situations may affect eating disorder symptoms. The impact of inflexible interpretations of social situations on eating disorder symptoms is less clear. The present study therefore examined relations between inflexible and biased social interpretations, socioemotional functioning, and eating disorder symptoms.MethodA total of 310 participants from the general population, recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform, completed measures of socioemotional functioning (e.g., rejection sensitivity, negative social exchange), eating disorder symptoms, and positive and negative interpretation bias and inflexibility on a single measurement occasion.ResultsSocioemotional functioning impairments (Pillai's trace = 0.11, p < .001), but not negative (β = .07, p = .162) or positive (β = −.01, p = .804) interpretation bias or inflexible interpretations (β = .04, p = .446), were associated with eating disorder symptoms in multiple regression models. In network analyses controlling statistically for multiple markers of socioemotional functioning, eating disorder symptoms were directly associated with negative (but not positive) interpretation bias. Inflexible interpretations were indirectly linked to symptoms via co‐dampening of positive emotions. Exploratory causal discovery analyses suggested that several socioemotional functioning variables (social anxiety, depression, negative social exchange) may cause eating disorder symptoms.ConclusionsConsistent with cognitive‐interpersonal models of disordered eating, our results suggest that less accurate (biased, inflexible) interpretations of social information contribute to patterns of cognition (anxious anticipation of rejection) and emotion regulation (down‐regulation of positive social emotion) thought to encourage disordered eating.Public SignificanceThis study suggests that less accurate interpretations of ambiguous social information encourage anxious anticipation of rejection and downregulation of positive social emotions, both of which are thought to promote eating disorder symptoms. Knowledge provided by this study about the likely relations between interpretive processes, social/emotional functioning, and eating disorder symptoms may help inform treatments for eating disorders, particularly those that attempt to modify patterns of interpretation.
Influence of phylogenetic scale on the relationships of taxonomic and phylogenetic turnovers with environment for angiosperms in China
Authors: Qian Hong , Leprieur Fabien , Jin Yi , Wang Xianli , Deng Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe aim to assess the influence of phylogenetic scale on the relationships of taxonomic and phylogenetic turnovers with environment for angiosperms in China. Specifically, we quantify the effects of contemporary climate on β‐diversity at different phylogenetic scales representing different evolutionary depths of angiosperms. We sampled a latitudinal gradient and a longitudinal gradient of angiosperm assemblages across China (each ≥3400 km). Species composition in each assemblage was documented. Three metrics of β‐diversity (βsim.tax measuring taxonomic β‐diversity; βsim.phy and Dpw measuring tip‐ and basal‐weighted phylogenetic β‐diversity, respectively) were quantified among assemblages at sequential depths in the evolutionary history of angiosperms from the tips to deeper branches. This was done by slicing the angiosperm phylogenetic tree at six evolutionary depths (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 million years ago). β‐diversity at each evolutionary depth was related to geographic and climatic distances between assemblages. In general, the relationship between β‐diversity and climatic distance decreased from shallow to deep evolutionary time slice for all the three metrics. The slopes of the decreasing trends for βsim.tax and βsim.phy were much steeper for the latitudinal gradient than for the longitudinal gradient. The decreasing trend of the strength of the relationship was monotonic in all cases except for Dpw across the longitudinal gradient. Geographic distance between assemblages explained little variation in β‐diversity that was not explained by climatic distance. Our study shows that the strength of the relationship between β‐diversity and climatic distance decreases conspicuously from shallow to deep evolutionary depth for the latitudinal gradient, but this decreasing trend is less steep for the longitudinal gradient than for the latitudinal gradient, which likely reflects the influence of historical processes (e.g., the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate) on β‐diversity.
Disturbance to biocrusts decreased cyanobacteria,N‐fixer abundance, and grass leafNbut increased fungal abundance
Authors: Adelizzi Rose , O'Brien E. A. , Hoellrich Mikaela , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Mann Michael , Fernandes Vanessa Moreira Camara , Darrouzet‐Nardi Anthony , Stricker Eva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInteractions between plants and soil microbes influence plant nutrient transformations, including nitrogen (N) fixation, nutrient mineralization, and resource exchanges through fungal networks. Physical disturbances to soils can disrupt soil microbes and associated processes that support plant and microbial productivity. In low resource drylands, biological soil crusts (“biocrusts”) occupy surface soils and house key autotrophic and diazotrophic bacteria, non‐vascular plants, or lichens. Interactions among biocrusts, plants, and fungal networks between them are hypothesized to drive carbon and nutrient dynamics; however, comparisons across ecosystems are needed to generalize how soil disturbances alter microbial communities and their contributions to N pools and transformations. To evaluate linkages among plants, fungi, and biocrusts, we disturbed all unvegetated surfaces with human foot trampling twice yearly from 2013–2019 in dry conditions in cyanobacteria‐dominated biocrusts in the Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland ecosystems. After 5 years, disturbance decreased the abundances of cyanobacteria (especiallyMicrocoleus steenstrupiiclade) and N‐fixers (Scytonemasp., andSchizothrixsp.) by >77% and chlorophyllaby up to 55% but, conversely, increased soil fungal abundance by 50% compared with controls. Responses of root‐associated fungi differed between the two dominant plant species and ecosystem types, with a maximum of 80% more aseptate hyphae in disturbed than in control plots. Although disturbance did not affect15N tracer transfer from biocrusts to the dominant grass,Bouteloua eriopoda, disturbance increased available soil N by 65% in the shrubland, and decreased leaf N ofB. eriopodaby up to 16%, suggesting that, although rapid N transfer during peak production was not affected by disturbance, over the long‐term plant nutrient content was disrupted. Altogether, the shrubland may be more resilient to detrimental changes due to disturbance than grassland, and these results demonstrated that disturbances to soil microbial communities have the potential to cause substantial changes in N pools by reducing and reordering biocrust taxa.
Acute and chronic exercise training in patients with Class II pulmonary hypertension: effects on haemodynamics and symptoms
Authors: Lunardi Mattia , Wu Sijing , Serruys Patrick W. , Onuma Yoshinobu , Soliman Osama , Wijns William , Mullens Wilfried , Sharif Faisal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMore than half of heart failure (HF) patients have concomitant pulmonary hypertension, impacting symptoms and prognosis. The role of exercise in this category of patients is still unclear, probably because of the lack of a clear relationship between exercise and acute and chronic pulmonary artery pressure variations and related changes in symptoms. The limited evidence on this topic is contradictory and hardly comparable due to use of different exercise programmes and pulmonary artery pressure assessment techniques. This is further compounded by different functional and structural classes of HF making definite assessments and interpretations of exercise effect on outcomes difficult. Exercise training programmes were proven beneficial in HF patients; however, the lack of data about their pulmonary haemodynamic effects prevents clear indications on the best exercise types for patients presenting secondary pulmonary hypertension and different HF categories. Indeed, some data suggest that not all HF patients have similar responses to training, leading to either beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on the HF type. Future studies, involving modern technologies such as continuous pulmonary artery pressure monitoring implantable devices, may clarify the current gaps in this field, aiming at patient‐tailored exercise training rehabilitation programmes, in order to improve clinical outcomes, quality of life, and hopefully prognosis.
Incident heart failure and myocardial infarction in sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 vs. dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor users
Authors: Zhou Jiandong , Lee Sharen , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Liu Ying , Chang Dong , Wong Wing Tak , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Cheung Bernard Man Yung , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to compare the rates of major cardiovascular adverse events in sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4I) users in a Chinese population. SGLT2I and DPP4I are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, few population‐based studies are comparing their effects on incident heart failure or myocardial infarction.Methods and resultsThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study using the electronic health record database in Hong Kong, including type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving either SGLT2I or DPP4I from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. Propensity score matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio based on demographics, past comorbidities, and non‐SGLT2I/DPP4I medications with nearest neighbour matching (caliper = 0.1). Univariable and multivariable Cox models were used to identify significant predictors for new‐onset heart failure, new‐onset myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Sensitivity analyses with competing risk models and multiple propensity score matching approaches were conducted. A total of 41 994 patients (58.89% males, median admission age at 58 years old, interquartile range [IQR]: 51.2–65.3) were included with a median follow‐up of 5.6 years (IQR: 5.32–5.82). In the matched cohort, SGLT2I use was significantly associated with lower risks of new‐onset heart failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.66, 0.81], P < 0.0001), myocardial infarction (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: [0.73, 0.90], P < 0.0001), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: [0.53, 0.84], P < 0.001), and all‐cause mortality (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.29], P < 0.0001) after adjusting for significant demographics, past comorbidities, and non‐SGLT2I/DPP4I medications.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors are protective against adverse cardiovascular events including new‐onset heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality. The prescription of SGLT2I is preferred when taken into consideration individual cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles in addition to drug–drug interactions.
Integrin activation enables rapid detection of functional Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδ T cells
Authors: Herold Nicola , Schöllhorn Anna , Feile Adrian , Gaißler Andrea , Mohrholz Anne , Pawelec Graham , Löffler Markus W. , Dimitrov Stoyan , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Wistuba‐Hamprecht Kilian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConformational change of the β2 integrin lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) is an early marker of T cell activation. A protocol using the mAb clone m24 recognizing the active, extended high‐affinity conformation has been previously described for the assessment of functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to MHC‐peptide stimulation. We investigated the applicability of the m24 mAb to detect the activation of γδ T cells in response to different soluble and immobilized stimuli. m24 mAb staining was associated with the expression of cytokines and was detectable as early as 10 min after stimulation, but with different kinetics depending on the nature of the stimulus. Hence, we conclude that this assay is suitable for the detection of functional γδ T cells and allows the assessment of activation more rapidly than alternative methods such as cytokine detection. Intracellular staining, protein trafficking inhibitors, or prior knowledge of the stimulating moiety recognized are no longer required for monitoring γδ T cell activation.
Hydrogenation Reaction Pathways and Crystal Structures of La2H2Se, La2H3Se and La2H4Se
Authors: Pflug Christian , Rudolph Daniel , Schleid Thomas , Kohlmann Holger 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe crystal structures and formation reactions of lanthanum hydride selenides were studied by neutron diffraction on the deuterides. The reaction of La2D2−x Se with deuterium gas (298 K≤T≤567 K, 0.1 MPa≤p(D2)≤9.0 MPa) was followed in situ by neutron diffraction in a sapphire single‐crystal gas‐pressure cell with a time resolution of two minutes. The crystal structures and phase fractions of La2D2−xSe, La2D3Se and La2D4Se were determined by Rietveld refinement. With stepwise increasing deuterium pressure at 498 K up to 3.0 MPa La2D2−xSe is deuterated to La2D4Se. La2D3Se remains present, even when further increasing the pressure up to 9.0 MPa and heating up to 567 K. The previously suggested structural models were confirmed by Rietveld refinement (La2D1.6Se: Ce2O2S type,
m1, a=4.1268(1) Å, c=6.8733(3) Å at 298 K; La2D3Se: Ba2H3Cl type,
m1, a=4.139(2) Å, c=6.960(5) Å at 298 K; La2D4Se: Ce2F4Se type,
m, a=4.0542(2) Å, c=22.609(2) Å at 310 K). La2D2−x Se exhibits a considerable hydrogen gas pressure dependent phase width (0≤x<0.40).
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐based Sensor for 17α‐Ehinylestradiol Voltammetric Determination in Wastewater, Tablets and Synthetic Urine Samples
Authors: Monteiro Michael Douglas S. , Sant'Anna Mércia V. S. , Santos Junior José C. , Macedo José F. , Alves Anderson A. C. , de Oliveira S. Silva Jonatas , Gimenez Iara F. , Midori Sussuchi Eliana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe following study reports the development of modified electrode with reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) for the voltammetric determination of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2). The structural and morphological characterizations of the rGO were carried out by FTIR, Raman, UV‐Vis, TEM and SEM, and showed the typical formation of the nanomaterial. Electrochemical analyses were performed using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Under optimized conditions, an analytical curve was generated for the sensor, which presented a linear dynamic range (LDR) from 0.04 to 8.28 μmol L−1 (R2=0.9999), with limit of detection (LOD) of 6.79 nmol L−1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 22.60 nmol L−1. The reproducibility and repeatability studies showed relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.31 % and 5.23 %, respectively. ErGO was used to determine EE2 in wastewater, tablets, and synthetic urine samples with recovery values between 94.8 % and 110.1 %. The results obtained with ErGO show that the developed sensor can be used for the identification and quantification of EE2 in several matrices, due the excellent analytical performance presented.
Development of a new ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of digoxin and digitoxin in plasma: Comparison with a clinical immunoassay
Authors: Ballotari Marco , Taus Francesco , Tolle Giulia , Danese Elisa , Dorizzi Romolo M. , Tagliaro Franco , Gottardo Rossella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiac glycosides digoxin and digitoxin are used in therapy for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Moreover, these compounds can be responsible for intoxication cases caused by fortuitous ingestion of leaves of Digitalis. Due to the narrow therapeutic range of these drugs, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended in the clinical practice. In this context, immunoassays‐based methods are generally employed but digoxin‐ and digitoxin‐like compounds can interfere with the analysis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an original UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of digoxin and digitoxin in plasma. The method shows adequate sensitivity and selectivity with acceptable matrix effects and very good linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. A simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure was used for sample clean‐up. The method was applied for the analysis of n = 220 plasma samples collected in two different clinical chemistry laboratories and previously tested by the same immunoassay. The statistical comparison showed a relevant negative bias of the UPLC–MS/MS method versus the immunoassay. These results are consistent with an immunoassay overestimation of digoxin plasmatic levels due to cross‐reaction events with endogenous digoxin‐like substances.