bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic response of Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 to the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Li Qingqing , Yao Jun , Sunahara Geoffrey , Duran Robert , Zhang Qinghua , Ruan Zhiyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe overuse of the herbicide nicosulfuron has become a global environmental concern. As a potential bioremediation technology, the microbial degradation of nicosulfuron shows much promise; however, the mechanism by which microorganisms respond to nicosulfuron exposure requires further study. An isolated soil-borne bacteria Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 displaying nicosulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, and cinosulfuron degradabilities in the presence of glucose, was used to determine the transcriptional responses to nicosulfuron exposure. RNA-Seq results indicated that 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 702 down-regulated under nicosulfuron stress. DEGs were significantly enriched in “ABC transporters”, “sulfur metabolism”, and “ribosome” pathways (p ≤ 0.05). Several pathways (glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, a two-component regulation system, as well as in bacterial chemotaxis metabolisms) were affected by nicosulfuron exposure. Surprisingly, nicosulfuron exposure showed positive effects on the production of oxalic acid that is synthesized by genes encoding glycolate oxidase through the glyoxylate cycle pathway. The results suggest that P. nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 adopt acid metabolites production strategies in response to nicosulfuron, with concomitant nicosulfuron degradation. Data indicates that glucose metabolism is required during the degradation and adaptation of strain LAM1902 to nicosulfuron stress. The present studies provide a glimpse at the molecular response of microorganisms to sulfonylurea pesticide toxicity and a potential framework for future mechanistic studies.
Genomic analysis of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals potential genetic markers for differentiation from classical strains
Authors: Spadar Anton , Perdigão João , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) infections are nosocomial, but a growing number of community-acquired infections are caused by hypervirulent strains (hvKp) characterised by liver invasion and rapid metastasis. Unlike nosocomial Kp infections, hvKp are generally susceptible to antibiotics. Due to the rapid progression of hvKp infections, timely and accurate diagnosis is required for effective treatment. To identify potential drivers of the hypervirulent phenotype, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on single nucleotide variants and accessory genome loci across 79 publicly available Kp isolates collected from patients’ liver and a diverse global Kp dataset (n = 646). The GWAS analysis revealed 29 putative genes (P < 10–10) associated with higher risk of liver phenotype, including hypervirulence linked salmochelin iro (odds ratio (OR): 29.8) and aerobactin iuc (OR: 14.1) loci. A minority of liver isolates (n = 15, 19%) had neither of these siderophores nor any other shared biomarker, suggesting possible unknown drivers of hypervirulence and an intrinsic ability of Kp to invade the liver. Despite identifying potential novel loci linked to a liver invasive Kp phenotype, our work highlights the need for large-scale studies involving more sequence types to identify further hypervirulence biomarkers to assist clinical decision making.
Functional and ecomorphological evolution of orbit shape in mesozoic archosaurs is driven by body size and diet
Authors: Lautenschlager Stephan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe orbit is one of several skull openings in the archosauromorph skull. Intuitively, it could be assumed that orbit shape would closely approximate the shape and size of the eyeball resulting in a predominantly circular morphology. However, a quantification of orbit shape across Archosauromorpha using a geometric morphometric approach demonstrates a large morphological diversity despite the fact that the majority of species retained a circular orbit. This morphological diversity is nearly exclusively driven by large (skull length > 1000 mm) and carnivorous species in all studied archosauromorph groups, but particularly prominently in theropod dinosaurs. While circular orbit shapes are retained in most herbivores and smaller species, as well as in juveniles and early ontogenetic stages, large carnivores adopted elliptical and keyhole-shaped orbits. Biomechanical modelling using finite element analysis reveals that these morphologies are beneficial in mitigating and dissipating feeding-induced stresses without additional reinforcement of the bony structure of the skull.
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance phenotype of paediatric bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Lipworth Sam , Vihta Karina-Doris , Davies Tim , Wright Sarah , Tabirao Merline , Chau Kevin , Vaughan Alison , Kavanagh James , Barker Leanne , George Sophie , Segal Shelley , Paulus Stephane , Barrett Lucinda , Oakley Sarah , Jeffery Katie , Butcher Lisa , Peto Tim , Crook Derrick , Walker Sarah , Kadambari Seilesh , Stoesser Nicole 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Gram-negative organisms are common causes of bloodstream infection (BSI) during the neonatal period and early childhood. Whilst several large studies have characterised these isolates in adults, equivalent data (particularly incorporating whole genome sequencing) is lacking in the paediatric population.

Methods
We perform an epidemiological and sequencing based analysis of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (327 isolates (296 successfully sequenced) from 287 patients) in children <18 years old between 2008 and 2018 in Oxfordshire, UK.

Results
Here we show that the burden of infection lies predominantly in neonates and that most infections are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter hormaechei. There is no evidence in our setting that the proportion of antimicrobial resistant isolates is increasing in the paediatric population although we identify some evidence of sub-breakpoint increases in gentamicin resistance. The population structure of E. coli BSI isolates in neonates and children mirrors that in adults with a predominance of STs 131/95/73/69 and the same proportions of O-antigen serotypes. In most cases in our setting there is no evidence of transmission/point-source acquisition and we demonstrate the utility of whole genome sequencing to refute a previously suspected outbreak.

Conclusions
Our findings support continued use of current empirical treatment guidelines and suggest that O-antigen targeted vaccines may have a role in reducing the incidence of neonatal sepsis.
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico enabled early detection and tracking of variants
Authors: Santiago Gilberto A. , Flores Betzabel , González Glenda L. , Charriez Keyla N. , Huertas Limari Cora , Volkman Hannah R. , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Rivera-Amill Vanessa , Adams Laura E. , Marzán Melissa , Hernández Lorena , Cardona Iris , O’Neill Eduardo , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Papa Riccardo , Muñoz-Jordan Jorge L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Puerto Rico has experienced the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first detected on the island in March of 2020, it spread rapidly though the island’s population and became a critical threat to public health.

Methods
We conducted a genomic surveillance study through a partnership with health agencies and academic institutions to understand the emergence and molecular epidemiology of the virus on the island. We sampled COVID-19 cases monthly over 19 months and sequenced a total of 753 SARS-CoV-2 genomes between March 2020 and September 2021 to reconstruct the local epidemic in a regional context using phylogenetic inference.

Results
Our analyses reveal that multiple importation events propelled the emergence and spread of the virus throughout the study period, including the introduction and spread of most SARS-CoV-2 variants detected world-wide. Lineage turnover cycles through various phases of the local epidemic were observed, where the predominant lineage was replaced by the next competing lineage or variant after ~4 months of circulation locally. We also identified the emergence of lineage B.1.588, an autochthonous lineage that predominated in Puerto Rico from September to December 2020 and subsequently spread to the United States.

Conclusions
The results of this collaborative approach highlight the importance of timely collection and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance data to inform public health responses.
Optimierung der extrakorporalen Photopherese
Authors: Hähnel Viola , Brosig Andreas Michael , Burkhardt Ralph , Ahrens Norbert , Offner Robert 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Extrakorporale Photopherese ist ein etabliertes Therapieverfahren für
Patienten mit T-Zell vermittelten Erkrankungen. Dabei besteht das Verfahren aus
der Gewinnung autologer mononukleärer Zellen, deren Behandlung mit
8-Methoxypsoralen und UVA-Licht und die Retransfusion der behandelten
Zellen.Die Wirkmechanismen der Photopherese sind zwar noch nicht vollständig
geklärt, ein zentraler Mechanismus stellt jedoch die Apoptose
mononukleärer Zellen dar. Das Ziel der Studie war eine Optimierung der
Photopherese im Hinblick auf die Behandlung der Zellen mit
8-Methoxypsoralen/UVA und der daraus induzierten verstärkten
Apoptose der Lymphozyten. Dabei sind einige Faktoren bekannt, welche die
Effektivität der 8-Methoxypsoralen/UVA-Behandlung der Zellen
beeinflussen können, wie z.B. der Hämatokrit oder die UVA-Dosis.
Unser Fokus lag auf der Verfügbarkeit der photoaktiven Substanz und dem
Einfluss der Zellsuspensionsmatrix auf die Apoptose der Lymphozyten.Die Verfügbarkeit von 8-Methoxypsoralen für die Aufnahme in die
Zellen reduzierte sich durch Absorption an Kunststoffe der Bestrahlungssysteme
sowie durch Bindung an Proteine bei der Verwendung von autologem Plasma bei der
Suspendierung der Zellen. Eine Steigerung der Zugabe von 8-Methoxypsoralen auf
340 ng/mL anstelle von 200 ng/mL führte
zu einem Anstieg der T-Zell Apoptose, die sich unter Verwendung von
physiologischer Kochsalzlösung als Zellsuspensionsmatrix weiter
erhöhte. Eine Anpassung des Verfahrens mit NaCl anstelle von Plasma und
die Verwendung einer höheren 8-Methoxypsoralen Konzentration
führte zu einer gesteigerten Apoptoseinduktion der T-Zellen. Inwiefern
sich eine Erhöhung der Apoptose auf die klinische Wirksamkeit auswirkt,
bedarf hingegen noch weiterer klinischen Untersuchungen.
Application of the Force-velocity-power Concept to the 3-min all-out Running Test
Authors: Kramer Mark , Thomas Emma Jayne , Pretorius Christiaan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForce-velocity-power (FVP) profiling offers insights related to key factors that may enhance or hinder sprinting performances. Whether the same FVP principles could be applied to the sprinting portion of the 3-minute all-out test for running (3MT) has not been previously investigated. Twenty moderately trained participants volunteered for the study (age: 24.75 ± 3.58 yrs; height: 1.69±0.11 m; mass: 73.74±12.26 kg). After familiarization of all testing procedures, participants completed: (i) a 40-m all-out sprint test, and (ii) a 3MT. Theoretical maximal force and power, but not velocity, were significantly higher for the 40-m sprint test. Most FVP variables from the two tests were weakly to moderately correlated, with the exception of maximal velocity. Finally, maximal velocity and relative peak power were predictive of D’, explaining approximately 51% of the variance in D’. Although similar maximal velocities are attained during both the 40-m sprint and the 3MT, the underlying mechanisms are markedly different. The FVP parameters obtained from either test are likely not interchangeable but do provide valuable insights regarding the potential mechanisms by which D’ may be improved.
Infrared imaging of photovoltaic modules: a review of the state of the art and future challenges facing gigawatt photovoltaic power stations
Authors: Buerhop Claudia , Bommes Lukas , Schlipf Jan , Pickel Tobias , Fladung Andreas , Peters Ian Marius 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermography is a frequently used and appreciated method to detect underperforming Photovoltaic modules in solar power stations. With the review, we give insights on two aspects: (a) are the developed measurement strategies highly efficient (about 1 module s−1) to derive timely answers from the images for operators of multi-Mega Warr peak power stations, and (b) do Photovoltaic stakeholders get answers on the relevance of thermal anomalies for further decisions. Following these questions, the influence of measurement conditions, image and data collection, image evaluation as well as image assessment are discussed. From the literature it is clear that automated image acquisition with manned and unmanned aircrafts allow to capture more than 1 module s−1. This makes it possible to achieve almost identical measurement conditions for the modules; however, it is documented to what extent the increase in speed is achieved at the expense of image resolution. Many image processing tools based on machine learning (ML) have been developed and show the potential for analysis of infrared (IR) images and defect classification. There are different approaches to evaluating IR anomalies in terms of impact on performance, yield or degradation, of individual modules or modules in a string configuration. It is clear that the problem is very complex and multi-layered. On the one hand, information on the electrical interconnection is necessary, and on the other hand, there is a lack of sufficient and suitable data sets to adapt existing computer vision tools to Photovolatics. This is where we see the greatest need for action and further development to increase the expressiveness of IR images for PV stakeholder. We conclude with recommendations to improve the outcome of IR-images and encourage the generation of suitable public data sets of IR-footage for the development of ML tools.
Dwarf vipers on a small island: body size, diet and fecundity correlates
Authors: Tomović Ljiljana , Anđelković Marko , Golubović Ana , Arsovski Dragan , Ajtić Rastko , Sterijovski Bogoljub , Nikolić Sonja , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka , Lakušić Margareta , Bonnet Xavier 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Insular populations offer excellent opportunities to study the factors that influence phenotypes. We observed island dwarfism in a widespread snake, the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes). Island vipers were ~20% smaller than mainland individuals. They also produced fewer and smaller offspring. In snakes, food availability has a positive influence on body size, fecundity and offspring size. Consequently, low energy intake is a plausible explanation for insular dwarfism. The diet of island vipers was principally represented by lizards and centipedes, whereas the most profitable prey items (e.g. rodents) were regularly found in the stomach of mainland vipers. Furthermore, the proportion of individuals captured with a full stomach and good body condition were lower on the island compared with the mainland. Thus, island vipers were likely to be experiencing permanent energy restriction, with cascading effects on adult body size and reproductive output. Large prey promotes high relative jaw length in snakes. Island vipers displayed smaller relative jaw length compared with mainland populations, suggesting that plasticity played a role in insular dwarfism. But the difference in relative tail length between island and mainland populations, a trait not subjected to food-induced plasticity, indicates local adaptation. Both plasticity and adaptation might influence the phenotype of island vipers.
Effectiveness and safety of P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Godtfredsen Sissel J , Kragholm Kristian H , Leutscher Peter , Jørgensen Steen Hylgaard , Christensen Martin Kirk , Butt Jawad H , Gislason Gunnar , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L , Sessa Maurizio , Bhatt Deepak L , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Pareek Manan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
To compare the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
Nationwide, registry-based study of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI (2011–17) and subsequently with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. The effectiveness outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stroke, or cardiovascular death at 12 months. The safety outcome was bleeding requiring hospitalization at 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression with average treatment effect modeling was used to calculate absolute and relative risks for outcomes standardized to the distributions of demographic characteristics of all included subjects. We included 10 832 patients; 1 697 were treated with clopidogrel, 7 508 with ticagrelor, and 1,627 with prasugrel. Median ages were 66, 63, and 59 years (P &lt; 0.001). Standardized relative risks of MACE were 0.75 for ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.83), 0.84 for prasugrel vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.73–0.94), and 1.12 for prasugrel vs. ticagrelor (95% CI, 1.00–1.24). Standardized relative risks of bleeding were 0.77 for ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.59–0.93), 0.89 for prasugrel vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.64–1.15), and 1.17 for prasugrel vs. ticagrelor (95% CI, 0.89–1.45).

Conclusion
Ticagrelor and prasugrel were associated with lower risks of MACE after STEMI than clopidogrel, and ticagrelor was associated with a marginal reduction compared with prasugrel. The risk of bleeding was lower with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel, but did not significantly differ between ticagrelor and prasugrel.
Family Typology and 6-Year All-Cause Mortality Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Li Mengting , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research focused on the individual risk factors of mortality, while little is known about how family environment could influence mortality in later life. This study aims to examine mortality risks in different family types and what family type may increase mortality risk for older adults with medical comorbidities or functional impairment.MethodsData were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in Chicago. The baseline interview was conducted from 2011 to 2013. The outcome was 6-year all-cause mortality. Family typology included tight-knit, unobligated-ambivalent, commanding-conflicted, and detached types. Cox proportional hazards models were used.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 3,019 older adults and 372 participants passed away during 6 years follow-up. Older adults in the detached type had higher risks of mortality than those in the tight-knit type (hazard ratio: 1.45 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.07]). Regarding the interaction effect between family typology and functional impairment, older adults with higher levels of physical impairment (1.29 [1.07–1.56]) and cognitive impairment (1.07 [1.01–1.14]) nested in the commanding-conflicted type had higher mortality risks than their counterparts nested in the tight-knit type.DiscussionIn this longitudinal cohort study with a 6-year follow-up, older adults nested in the detached family type had higher 6-year mortality risks than those nested in the tight-knit family type. Living in the commanding-conflicted family increased the 6-year mortality risks for older adults with physical impairment or cognitive impairment compared with their counterparts residing in the tight-knit family type.
On the Use of Encomiastic Topoi in Hebrews
Authors: Martin Michael Wade , Whitlark Jason A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the debated questions of whether and to what extent the author of Hebrews employs Greco-Roman rhetorical topoi of praise in the speech’s various theological portraits. The study compares and contrasts five epideictic pieces in Hebrews, demonstrating the common topical template employed in their composition, the compositional tendencies evident among them, and the conformity of these tendencies to Greco-Roman rhetorical convention. The evidence points to a writer who is consciously following rhetorical convention at every turn. In the light of these findings, the study then addresses several questions that collectively contribute to scholarly doubt about the author’s use of topoi.
Exposure to the Organophosphate Pesticide Fenitrothion Directly Induced Defects in Mouse Embryonic External Genitalia
Authors: Acebedo Alvin R , Alcantara Mellissa C , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi , Ogawa Takehiko , Yamada Gen , Suzuki Kentaro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many industrial chemicals have been reported as antiandrogenic substances. Exposure to these substances represents a potential risk to human health, particularly to the development of reproductive organs such as embryonic external genitalia (eExG). Currently, there is a need for more assay systems that can elucidate the toxicological actions and mechanisms of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In this study, we show that the eExG slice culture assay is useful for the evaluation of the differing modes of action of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on urethra formation. We assessed the possible endocrine-disrupting activity of 3 chemicals with reported antiandrogenic function, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, and fenitrothion (FNT) on eExG slices. Exposure to FNT, but not diazinon and dibutyl phthalate, induced defects of androgen-induced urethral masculinization and reduced expression of the androgen-target gene Mafb. Live imaging analyses showed that FNT treatment inhibited androgen-dependent MAFB induction within 12 h. Furthermore, FNT-treated tissue slices showed reduced expression of the androgen receptor. These results indicate that FNT disrupts androgen signaling by reduction of androgen receptor expression during androgen-induced eExG masculinization. This study thus highlights the importance of animal models, which allow for the effective assessment of tissue-specific endocrine-disrupting activity to further reveal the etiology of chemical-induced congenital anomalies.
Remote blood pressure monitoring with a wearable photoplethysmographic device in patients undergoing coronary angiography: the senbiosys substudy
Authors: Schukraft Sara , Haddad Serj , Faucherre Yannick , Arroyo Diego , Togni Mario , Barison Anthony , Boukhayma Assim , Cook Stéphane , Caizzone Antonino 
Published: August 2022

Aims
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Senbiosys device in measuring blood pressure (BP) by photoplethysmography (PPG) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods
This is a substudy within the Senbiosys trial, which is a prospective, single-arm, single-center study, evaluating the accuracy of BP estimation of the Senbiosys device compared to invasive BP. Patients referred for coronary angiography underwent invasive BP measurement and simultaneously wore the Senbiosys ring. SBP and DBP estimations measured by the Senbiosys device were compared with invasive measurements.

Results
A total of 25 patients were included. Overall, 708 epochs with adequate PPG signal belonging to 17 patients were analyzed. A total of 84% of the SBP estimates and 99% of the DBP estimates have an absolute error of less than 10 mmHg compared with the invasive measurements. Mean difference was 2.3 ± 7.0 mmHg and 0.5 ± 3.5 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively.

Conclusion
The Senbiosys device is accurate enough to determine BP in a selected population undergoing coronary angiography.