bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un aller-retour du hard law au soft law ? La restitution des œuvres d’art spoliées par le régime national-socialiste depuis 1945
Authors: Lahusen Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

La restitution des œuvres d’art volées par les nazis en Allemagne peut être divisée en deux phases. La première a duré de 1947 au milieu des années 1960 et s’est caractérisée par le plus grand engagement juridique. Parmi les « biens identifiables » qui ont été restitués à cette époque sous la pression des Alliés figuraient également des biens culturels, même si leur « identifiabilité » s’est toujours heurtée à des difficultés de preuve dans la pratique. La deuxième phase a commencé en 1998 avec les principes de Washington, auxquels l’Allemagne a adhéré de manière plutôt hésitante. Cette phase se caractérise par son manque d’engagement. Les critères de restitution des œuvres d’art volées sont certes les mêmes que ceux de la première phase, mais ils n’ont plus valeur de loi, seulement d’engagement moral. L’article examine les problèmes qui résultent de cette névrose normative et s’il est possible de les surmonter à l’avenir en revenant à une base contraignante pour la restitution de l’art spolié.
Syndicalisme rap
Authors: Charnas Dan , Loncan Hervé 
Published: December 2022

Le texte qui suit est extrait d’un livre palpitant de Dan Charnas, longtemps journaliste pour le magazine de référence The Source et l’un des premiers animateurs d’une émission de radio consacrée au rap à Los Angeles. The Big Payback entrelace les destins d’exception, à la manière d’autres best-sellers musicaux américains comme The Wrecking Crew de Kent Hartman (sur les rats de studios de Los Angeles devenus célèbres à leur tour). Mais il fait aussi la place à des personnages sinon plus discrets, en tout cas moins connus. C’est le cas de Wendy Day, qui a joué un rôle décisif dans les carrières de certaines des plus grandes stars du rap : Master P et le label No Limit, Eminem et l’équipe de Cash Money. Sa carrière est riche en rebondissements et justifie à elle seule la traduction d’un extrait du livre, mais ce récit réserve d’autres surprises : à l’heure où les conversations abondent sur la signification de l’indépendance et du rapport aux majors dans le rap, le rôle, la méthode et les ambitions de Wendy Day pour la défense des intérêts des rappeurs à travers la Rap Coalition constituent un précédent (et un modèle ?) fascinant.
Investir le « dehors » : l’expérience de l’association Terrain d’entente
Authors: Gunther Josiane 
Published: December 2022

Depuis une dizaine d’années, l’association Terrain d’entente développe des activités à destination des enfants, des jeunes et des adultes, sur un terrain de jeu situé au cœur du quartier populaire de Tarentaize à Saint-Étienne (Loire). Ces activités s’inscrivent dans une démarche de pédagogie sociale qui implique une pratique et une posture d’accompagnement spécifiques. En cherchant à prendre place par une présence régulière dans l’espace public à travers un accueil libre, inconditionnel et gratuit, l’association ancre également son action dans la perspective de développer une « éducation globale » à vocation émancipatrice.
Desseins du noël dans la première moitié du XVI e siècle
Authors: Savoy Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

L’article propose un panorama des intentions qui ont pu inspirer la composition des recueils de noëls : les titres, les préfaces, les dédicaces ou les noëls eux-mêmes témoignent souvent de visées moralisantes. Le genre est marqué en outre par l’affrontement du catholicisme et de protestantisme, et plus largement par l’actualité. Il mise enfin sur les plaisirs du chant et de la danse : on verra que le noël recèle ainsi de précieuses informations sur les possibilités d’interprétation ou de mise en scène.
Chanter Horace en français : la fortune poétique et musicale de l’ode Donec gratus eram tibi
Authors: Vignes Jean 
Published: December 2022

L’imitation de l’ode originale d’Horace « Donec gratus eram tibi » ( Carmina , III, 9) a inspiré aux poètes et musiciens de la Renaissance plusieurs chansons, témoignant d’une vive émulation autour de ce texte. L’article souligne les préoccupations musicales qui président à ces traductions ou imitations. L’une d’elle est devenue une sorte de « tube », dont sont comparées différentes versions. La visite de ce corpus permet un panorama des formes poétiques françaises privilégiées en vue de la mise en musique.
Assessment of the Relationship between Expression of p63 with Different Clinical Types of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Abdulhussain Mustafa Mohammed , Shareef Karrar N. , Zubidi Mohammed Al 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
We aimed to assess the expression of p63 among different clinical types of oral lichen planus.

Methods:
The current study includes 44 oral lichen planus cases from the oral pathology laboratory, oral diagnostic department, Baghdad University. P63-PRM114P used as primary monoclonal antibodies. The intensity of immunohistochemistry activity was calculated utilizing the following criteria: weak intensity: one positive cell, moderate intensity: two positive cells, and strong intensity: three or more positive cells (magnification 20×).

Results:
The mean age of participants was 52.82 ± 12. No significant relationship found between gender and expression of p63 (P = 0.65). The p63 expressed in all clinical types of oral lichen planus (OLP). Yet, expression of p63 was not significantly related to the clinical type of OLP (P = 0.98).

Conclusion:
We could not found relationship between expression of p63 among different clinical types of oral lichen planus. With respect to the limited sample size of this study, some larger scale studies among different populations are need to reach to a definitive conclusion regarding relationship between expression of p63 among different clinical types of oral lichen planus.
Effects of Chitosan, NaOCl, and EDTA Irrigation Solutions on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Rotary Files
Authors: Salloom Wisam S. , Shukri Biland M. S. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The goal of this study was to compare the impact of NaOCl, EDTA, and chitosan on the cyclic fatigue of 2Shape, HyFlex EDM, and RACE EVO.

Methods
A total of 120 new 2Shape (n = 40), HyFlex EDM (n = 40), and RACE EVO (n = 40) files were subdivided randomly into four groups (n = 10): Group (A) with no immersion, Group (B) with immersion in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 min, Group (C) with immersion in 17% EDTA for 5 min, and Group (D) with immersion in 0.2% chitosan for 5 min. The files were rotated in an artificial canal with a 5 mm radius and a 60° curvature at body temperature until they fractured, and the number of cycles to fracture was measured. ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Results
Immersion of the files in NaOCl, EDTA, or chitosan solutions had no significant effect on the number of cycles to fracture (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The irrigation solutions did not have any influence on the cyclic fatigue of the tested files.
Assessing the Workplace Cyberloafing Behavior among Pharmacists in Pakistan
Authors: Kim Yun Jin , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Deng Ruolan , Leghari Qurratul Ain , Lkhagvasuren Dulmaa , Nadir Muhammad Nehal , Qian Linchao , Shahnaz Saira 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
After the commencement of the Internet and the popularity of various electronic devices, cyberloafing has become prevalent in the workplace regardless of professional type, demographic characteristics, and country. Individuals use the Internet for work-irrelevant purposes during work hours, which is believed to have a controversial role in work productivity. However, rare studies have paid attention to the prevalence of cyberloafing behavior among Pakistan pharmacists. Considering pharmacists' essential role in the health sector, this study investigates the prevalence of cyberloafing activities among workplace pharmacists in Pakistan.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 242 registered pharmacists in Pakistan between October 2021 and February 2022 with a structured self-administered online questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 200 valid responses after screening. Data were processed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Pearson Chi-square analysis was also used to test the correlation between factors.

Findings:
Descriptive analysis shows that pharmacists spend more time on sharing-related activities and least on gambling/gaming-related activities in the workplace. All the items' Cronbach's alpha values range from 0.923 to 0.927. The analysis indicates that (60%) pharmacists have intermediate Internet skills. The results also suggest that age, Internet usage, and work area have a strong relationship with cyberloafing behaviors which also, in turn, are linked with their perceived Internet skills. This study has important practical implications for pharmacy management in Pakistan.

Conclusion:
Cyberloafing behavior is prevalent among Pakistan pharmacists. Our findings could inspire how managers and all other relevant stakeholders could improve the pharmacy system in Pakistan.
High-dose Intravenous Vitamin C in Early Stages of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Labbani-Motlagh Zohre , Amini Shahideh , Aliannejad Rasoul , Sadeghi Anahita , Shafiee Gita , Heshmat Ramin , Jafary Mohamadreza , Talaschian Mona , Akhtari Maryam , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Sadeghi Kourosh 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
Based on previous studies in the sepsis population, Vitamin C could prevent injuries when administered in high doses and before the damage is established. This study aimed to evaluate the protective potentials of high-dose Vitamin C in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients with moderate-to-severe disease severity based on the World Health Organization definition were enrolled and received 12 g/d Vitamin C (high-dose intravenous Vitamin C [HDIVC]) or placebo for 4 days. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score as a primary outcome, National Early Warning Score, Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement, and cytokine storm biomarkers were recorded on days 0, 3, and 5. Survival was also assessed on day 28 after enrollment.

Findings:
Seventy-four patients (37 patients in each group) were enrolled from April 5, 2020, to November 19, 2020, and all patients completed follow-up. A lower increase in SOFA score during the first 3 days of treatment (+0.026 vs. +0.204) and a higher decrease in this parameter in the last 2 days (−0.462 vs. −0.036) were observed in the treatment group. However, these differences did not reach a significance level (P = 0.57 and 0.12, respectively). Other indices of clinical and biological improvement, length of hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission days were the same between the two groups. Treatment did not affect the 28-day mortality.

Conclusion:
Among patients with moderate-to-severe disease of COVID-19, the use of HDIVC plus standard care resulted in no significant difference in SOFA score or 28-day mortality compared to the standard care alone.
BÜYÜK ÖLÇEKLİ BİR METAL SANAYİ İŞLETMESİNİN OFİSLERİNDE İŞYERİ KOŞULLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAHYA Emin , ÇAKIR Sanem , TETİK Selinay 
Published: December 2022

Günümüz teknolojik gelişmelerin beraberinde kamu sektöründe de ofis çalışanları zamanının büyük bir bölümünü bilgisayar başında geçirmektedir. Kamu sektöründe bilgisayar kullanımı bir taraftan işleri kolaylaştırırken, diğer taraftan sağlık sorunlarını beraberinde getirmektedir. İşyerinde ergonomik risk faktörlerinin kontrolünde azaltıcı etkin tedbirlerin belirlenmesi ve daha önce kurulmuş sistemlerin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Ergonomik faktörlerin çalışma hayatındaki iş memnuniyeti ve iş verimliliği üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışanlara sağlık ve iş güvenliği açısından uygun ve rahat bir çalışma ortamı sağlandığı ölçüde iş gücünün verimi olumlu yönde etkilenecektir.
Bu çalışmada, büyük ölçekli bir metal işletmesi ofislerinde çalışanların, ofislerdeki koşullara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan sorunların tespiti ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma ortamındaki fiziksel koşullar (gürültü, iklim, aydınlatma), çalışma ortamı ve kullanılan ekipmanlar açısından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 5 ana bölümden oluşan bir anket tasarlanmıştır. Anket, test amaçlı uygulama sonrası, işletmenin her ofisinde en az bir kişiye olmak üzere toplam 151 çalışana uygulanmıştır. Anket verileri SPSS paket programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ofislerde yapılan ölçümlerde, ortalama olarak, gürültü düzeyi 49,03 dB(A), sıcaklık 22,40°C, nem oranı %34,35, aydınlatma düzeyi 301,5 lux ölçülmüştür. Çalışanların %55’i çalışma masası genişliğinin uygun olduğunu bulmuştur. 25 kişinin (%16,6) sandalyesi ayarlanamaz, 119 kişinin (%78,8) sırt desteğinin ayarlanabilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların maruz kalmakta olduğu sağlık (kas-iskelet rahatsızlıkları) problemlerine ilişkin en sık yaşanmakta olan sağlık problemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışanların en fazla yaşadığı sağlık problemleri boyun, bel, sırt ve omuz rahatsızlığı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun saatler boyunca masa başı çalışmadan kaynaklı olduğu düşünülen boyun rahatsızlıkları en yüksektir. Çalışanlardan 96 kişinin (%63,58) haftada en az bir kez boyun bölgesinde ağrı hissettiği, ağrı hissedenlerin %91,67 si, hafif ve orta şiddet ağrı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
HASTALARIN BİREYSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ BAKIM ALGILARI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAL Cansev , ACAROĞLU Rengin 
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hastaların bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacı ile planlanarak gerçekleştirilen tanımlayıcı, karşılaştırmalı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır.
Yöntem: Araştırma evrenini, İstanbul ilinde bir üniversite hastanesinin nöroşirürji kliniğinde yatan ve evine taburcu olan hastalar, örneklem grubunu ise örneklem seçim kriterlerini karşılayan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 150 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri, “Hasta Bilgi Formu”, “Yaşam Doyumu Algısı”, “Bakım Doyumu Algısı”, “Yaşam Yönelimi Testi” ve “Bireyselleştirilmiş Bakım Skalası-B Hasta Versiyonu (BBS-B) kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler, bilgisayarda, SPSS 22.0 paket programı ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların BBS-B toplam madde ortalaması 4.02±0.64, alt boyutlarına ilişkin madde puan ortalamaları, sırasıyla, Karar Verme Kontrolü 4.16±0.70; Klinik Durum 4.10±0.80 ve Kişisel Yaşam Durumu 3.87±0.72 idi. Kadın hastaların ve kliniğe planlı şekilde yatan hastaların, BBS-B toplam madde puan ortalamasının, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılıkla yüksek olduğu saptandı (p
Análise iconográfica e interpretação iconológica da Educação Física: utilização de memes do ciberespaço
Authors: Dos Santos Nazario Murilo Eduardo , Mathias Tays Toé 
Published: December 2022

Este estudo organiza-se em torno das seguintes questões: como a Educação Física, e os profissionais da área têm sido representados e compreendidos nos seus espaços de atuação (escolas, academias, universidades), a partir da ilustração imagética dos memes? Quais elementos essas imagens evocam sobre o cotidiano e o profissional de Educação Física nos diferentes espaços de atuação? Assume como objetivo analisar, compreender e contextualizar os memes da internet enquanto reproduções imagéticas do profissional e do cotidiano da educação física. Para tanto optou-se, metodologicamente, pela iconografia e iconologia. Para tanto, foram extraídos 52 memes relacionados a área da educação física que foram produzidos e/ou compartilhados por duas redes sociais. Desse modo, os resultados sinalizam que a utilização de memes como objetos de pesquisa inauguram novas possibilidades analíticas para o campo da Educação Física. Uma vez que essas produções se constituem como signos icônicos de comunicação rápidas e instantâneas, em circulação no ciberespaço.
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
Authors: Kruszewski Michal , Klee Gerd , Niederhuber Thomas , Heidbach Oliver 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Between 1986 and 1995, 429 hydrofracturing tests have been carried out in six now-abandoned coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes at depths between 600 and 1950 m within the greater Ruhr region in western Germany. From these tests, stress magnitudes and orientations of the stress tensor are derived. The majority of hydrofracturing tests were carried out from mine galleries away from mine workings in a relatively undisturbed rock mass. These data along with detailed information have been disclosed recently. In combination with already published material, we provide the first comprehensive stress database of the greater Ruhr region. Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project. The stress magnitudes suggest predominantly strike-slip stress regime, where the magnitude of the minimum horizontal stress, Shmin, is half of the magnitude of the maximum horizontal stress, SHmax, implying that the horizontal differential stress is high. We observe no particular change in the stress gradient at depth throughout the Carboniferous layers and no significant difference between tests carried out in coal mines and deep boreholes. The mean SHmax orientation varies between 133 ± 13∘ in the westernmost located Friedrich Heinrich coal mine and 168 ± 23∘ in the easternmost located Westphalia coal mine. The mean SHmax orientation, based on 87 data records from this and already published studies, of 161 ± 43∘ is in good agreement with the regional stress orientation observed in northwestern Europe. The presented public database provides in situ stress magnitude and stress orientation data records that are essential for the calibration of geomechanical numerical models on regional and/or reservoir scales for, among others, assessing stability issues of borehole trajectories, caverns, and georeservoirs in general. For an application example of this database, we estimate slip and dilation tendencies of major geological discontinuities, discovered during the 700-year-long coal mining activities in the region. The result, although burdened by high uncertainties, shows that the discontinuities striking in the N–S and NW–SE directions have a higher slip tendency compared to the ones striking ENE–WSW and NNW–SSE, whereas a high dilation tendency is observed for discontinuities striking NNW–SSE and a low dilation tendency for the ones striking ENE–WSW. The stress orientation database is available under https://doi.org/10.24406/fordatis/200 (Kruszewski et al., 2022a), the stress magnitude database is available under https://doi.org/10.24406/fordatis/201 (Kruszewski et al., 2022b), whereas the hydrofracturing test reports are available under https://doi.org/10.24406/fordatis/222 (Kruszewski et al., 2022c).
Temperature forecasting by deep learning methods
Authors: Gong Bing , Langguth Michael , Ji Yan , Mozaffari Amirpasha , Stadtler Scarlet , Mache Karim , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models solve a system of partial differential equations based on physical laws to forecast the future state of
the atmosphere. These models are deployed operationally, but they are computationally very expensive. Recently, the potential of deep neural
networks to generate bespoke weather forecasts has been explored in a couple of scientific studies inspired by the success of video frame
prediction models in computer vision. In this study, a simple recurrent neural network with convolutional filters, called ConvLSTM, and an advanced
generative network, the Stochastic Adversarial Video Prediction (SAVP) model, are applied to create hourly forecasts of the 2 m temperature
for the next 12 h over Europe. We make use of 13 years of data from the ERA5 reanalysis, of which 11 years are utilized for training and
1 year each is used for validating and testing. We choose the 2 m temperature, total cloud cover, and the 850 hPa temperature as
predictors and show that both models attain predictive skill by outperforming persistence forecasts. SAVP is superior to ConvLSTM in terms of
several evaluation metrics, confirming previous results from computer vision that larger, more complex networks are better suited to learn complex
features and to generate better predictions. The 12 h forecasts of SAVP attain a mean squared error (MSE) of about 2.3 K2, an
anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) larger than 0.85, a structural similarity index (SSIM) of around 0.72, and a gradient ratio (rG) of
about 0.82. The ConvLSTM yields a higher MSE (3.6 K2), a smaller ACC (0.80) and SSIM (0.65), and a slightly larger rG
(0.84). The superior performance of SAVP in terms of MSE, ACC, and SSIM can be largely attributed to the generator. A sensitivity study shows that a
larger weight of the generative adversarial network (GAN) component in the SAVP loss leads to even better preservation of spatial variability at the cost of a somewhat increased MSE
(2.5 K2). Including the 850 hPa temperature as an additional predictor enhances the forecast quality, and the model also benefits
from a larger spatial domain. By contrast, adding the total cloud cover as predictor or reducing the amount of training data to 8 years has only
small effects. Although the temperature forecasts obtained in this way are still less powerful than contemporary NWP models, this study demonstrates
that sophisticated deep neural networks may achieve considerable forecast quality beyond the nowcasting range in a purely data-driven way.
Poor correlation between large-scale environmental flow violations and freshwater biodiversity: implications for water resource management and the freshwater planetary boundary
Authors: Mohan Chinchu , Gleeson Tom , Famiglietti James S. , Virkki Vili , Kummu Matti , Porkka Miina , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Huggins Xander , Gerten Dieter , Jähnig Sonja C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The freshwater ecosystems around the world are degrading, such that
maintaining environmental flow1 (EF) in river
networks is critical to their preservation. The relationship between
streamflow alterations (subsequent EF violations2) and the freshwater biodiversity response is well established at the scale of stream reaches or small basins (∼<100 km2). However, it is unclear if this relationship is robust at larger scales, even though there are large-scale initiatives to legalize the EF requirement. Moreover, EFs have been used in assessing a planetary boundary3 for freshwater. Therefore, this study intends to conduct an
exploratory evaluation of the relationship between EF violation and
freshwater biodiversity at globally aggregated scales and for freshwater
ecoregions. Four EF violation indices (severity, frequency, probability of
shifting to a violated state, and probability of staying violated) and seven
independent freshwater biodiversity indicators (calculated from observed
biota data) were used for correlation analysis. No statistically significant negative relationship between EF violation and freshwater biodiversity was found at global or ecoregion scales. These findings imply the need for a holistic bio-geo-hydro-physical approach in determining the environmental flows. While our results thus suggest that streamflow and EF may not be the only determinant of freshwater biodiversity at large scales, they do not preclude the existence of relationships at smaller scales or with more holistic EF methods (e.g., including water temperature, water quality, intermittency, connectivity, etc.) or with other biodiversity data or metrics.