bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor Measurements Can Characterize Fluctuations and Wearing Off in Parkinson’s Disease and Guide Therapy to Improve Motor, Non-motor and Quality of Life Scores
Authors: Farzanehfar Parisa , Woodrow Holly , Horne Malcolm 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe aim was to examine the role of sensor measurement in identifying and managing fluctuations in bradykinesia of Parkinson’s Disease.MethodClinical scales and data from wearable sensors obtained before and after optimization of treatment from 107 participants who participated in a previous study was used. Fluctuators were identified by a levodopa response or wearing off in their sensor data and were subdivided according to whether the sensor’s bradykinesia scores were in target range, representing acceptable bradykinesia for part of the dose (Controlled Fluctuator: n = 22) or above target for the whole dose period (Uncontrolled Fluctuator; n = 28). Uncontrolled Non-fluctuators (n = 24) were cases without a levodopa response or wearing-off and sensor bradykinesia scores above target throughout the day (un-controlled). Controlled Non-fluctuators (n = 33) were below target throughout the day (controlled) and used as a reference for good control (MDS-UPDRS III = 33 ± 8.6 and PDQ39 = 28 ± 18).ResultsTreating Fluctuators significantly improved motor and quality of life scores. Converting fluctuators into Controlled Non-fluctuators significantly improved motor, non-motor and quality of life scores and a similar but less significant improvement was obtained by conversion to a Controlled Fluctuator. There was a significantly greater likelihood of achieving these changes when objective measurement was used to guide management.ConclusionsThe sensor’s classification of fluctuators bore a relation to severity of clinical scores and treatment of fluctuation improved clinical scores. The sensor measurement aided in recognizing and removing fluctuations with treatment and resulted in better clinical scores, presumably by assisting therapeutic decisions.
Nanocontainers Against Biofouling and Corrosion Degradation of Materials: A Short Review With Prospects
Authors: Kordas George 
Published: March 2022

The current state of the art in active corrosion prevention is based on the use of macromolecular containers that can store and release corrosion inhibitors particularly to the surface when corrosion develops. These corrosion inhibitor-containing nano- or microcontainers are subsequently infused into coatings, allowing them to self-heal. Especially, nanocontainers for self-healing coatings with controlled corrosion inhibitors, energy storage, cement fracture repair, and antifouling metal protection have recently been developed. Incorporating these nanocontainers into materials in small amounts (e.g., 5–10 wt% in paints) provided anticorrosion protection that was incomparably better than the current approaches. Furthermore, the materials developed had multifunctional properties, including self-healing, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. The primary goal of this review was to compile the different research studies that have been published in a variety of publications so that the reader may better understand the potential of these new types of nanotechnology and the prospects for nanocontainers.
Is Virtual Reality Training More Effective Than Traditional Physical Training on Balance and Functional Mobility in Healthy Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhou Kaixiang , Chen Yan , Zhou Limingfei , Bao Dapeng , Zhou Junhong 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe studies showed the benefits of virtual reality training (VRT) for functional mobility and balance in older adults. However, a large variance in the study design and results is presented. We, thus, completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively examine the effects of VRT on functional mobility and balance in healthy older adults.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the publications in five databases. Studies that examine the effects of VRT on the measures of functional mobility and balance in healthy older adults were screened and included if eligible. Subgroup analyses were completed to explore the effects of different metrics of the intervention design (e.g., session time) on those outcomes related to functional mobility and balance.ResultsFifteen studies of 704 participants were included. The quality of these studies was good. Compared to traditional physical therapy (TPT), VRT induced greater improvement in TUG (MD = −0.31 s, 95% CI = −0.57 to −0.05, p = 0.02, I2 = 6.34%) and one-leg stance with open eyes (OLS-O) (MD = 7.28 s, 95% CI = 4.36 to 10.20, p = 0.00, I2 = 36.22%). Subgroup analyses revealed that immersive VRT with more than 800 min of total intervention time over 8 weeks and at least 120 min per week and/or designed by the two motor-learning principles was optimal for functional mobility and balance.ConclusionVirtual reality training can significantly improve functional mobility and balance in healthy older adults compared to TPT, and the findings provided critical knowledge of the optimized design of VRT that can inform future studies with more rigorous designs.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42021297085].
Can CCRT/RT Achieve Favorable Oncologic Outcome in Rectal Cancer Patients With High Risk Feature After Local Excision?
Authors: Kim Seijong , Huh Jung Wook , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Cho Yong Beom , Park Yoon Ah , Shin Jung Kyong 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe oncologic outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) after local excision in patients with high-risk early rectal cancer as compared with radical operation has not been reported. The aim of this study is to compare the oncologic outcome between radical operation and adjuvant CCRT after local excision for high-risk early rectal cancer.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2015, 266 patients diagnosed with early rectal cancer and treated with local excision who showed high-risk characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching was applied in a ratio of 1:4, comparing the CCRT/radiotherapy (RT) (n = 34) and radical operation (n = 91) groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for survival.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 112 months. The 5-year disease-free survival rate and the 5-year overall survival of the radical operation group were significantly higher than those of the CCRT/RT group after propensity score matching (96.7% vs. 70.6%,p &lt;0.001; 100% vs. 91.2%,p= 0.005, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, salvage therapy type and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were prognostic factors for 5-year disease-free survival (p &lt;0.001 andp= 0.021, respectively). The type of salvage therapy, the preoperative CEA, and the pT were prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival (p= 0.009,p= 0.024, andp= 0.046, respectively).ConclusionsPatients who undergo radical operations after local excision with a high-risk early rectal cancer had better survival than those treated with adjuvant CCRT/RT. Therefore, radical surgery may be recommended to high-risk early rectal cancer patients who have undergone local excision for more favorable oncologic outcomes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma
Authors: Salvalaggio Alessandro , Silvestri Erica , Sansone Giulio , Pinton Laura , Magri Sara , Briani Chiara , Anglani Mariagiulia , Lombardi Giuseppe , Zagonel Vittorina , Della Puppa Alessandro , Mandruzzato Susanna , Corbetta Maurizio , Bertoldo Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly occurring primary malignant brain tumor, and it carries a dismal prognosis. Focusing on the tumor microenvironment may provide new insights into pathogenesis, but no clinical tools are available to do this. We hypothesized that the infiltration of different leukocyte populations in the tumoral and peritumoral brain tissues may be measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsPre-operative MRI was combined with immune phenotyping of intraoperative tumor tissue based on flow cytometry of myeloid cell populations that are associated with immune suppression, namely, microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). These cell populations were measured from the central and marginal areas of the lesion identified intraoperatively with 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery. MRI features (volume, mean and standard deviation of signal intensity, and fractality) were derived from all MR sequences (T1w, Gd+ T1w, T2w, FLAIR) and ADC MR maps and from different tumor areas (contrast- and non-contrast-enhancing tumor, necrosis, and edema). The principal components of MRI features were correlated with different myeloid cell populations by Pearson’s correlation.ResultsWe analyzed 126 samples from 62 GBM patients. The ratio between BMDM and microglia decreases significantly from the central core to the periphery. Several MRI-derived principal components were significantly correlated (p &lt;0.05, r range: [−0.29, −0.41]) with the BMDM/microglia ratio collected in the central part of the tumor.ConclusionsWe report a significant correlation between structural MRI clinical imaging and the ratio of recruited vs. resident macrophages with different immunomodulatory activities. MRI features may represent a novel tool for investigating the microenvironment of GBM.
Incidence and Survival of Multiple Primary Cancers in US Women With a Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Corey Logan , Ruterbusch Julie , Shore Ron , Ayoola-Adeola Martins , Baracy Michael , Vezina Alex , Winer Ira 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate risk of a second cancer and associated survival times in United States women with diagnosis of cancer.MethodsThe Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried for 2 cohorts of women aged 18 - 89 with either an index gynecologic or non-gynecologic cancer diagnosed between 1992 – 2017. Index cases were followed to determine if a second primary cancer was subsequently diagnosed; defined according to SEER multiple primary and histology coding rules. Standard Incident Ratios (SIR) and latency intervals between index diagnosis and second primary diagnosis were evaluated. Among those who developed a second primary cancer, median survival times from diagnosis of second primary cancer were also calculated.ResultsBetween 1992 – 2017, 227,313 US women were diagnosed with an index gynecological cancer and 1,483,016 were diagnosed with an index non-gynecologic cancer. Among patients with index gynecologic cancer, 7.78% developed a non-gynecologic subsequent primary cancer. The risk of developing any non-gynecologic cancer following an index gynecologic cancer was higher than the risk in the general population (SIR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.07). Organs especially at risk were Thyroid (SIR 1.45), Colon and Rectum (SIR 1.23), and Urinary System (SIR 1.33). Among women diagnosed with an index non-gynecologic cancer, 0.99% were diagnosed with a subsequent gynecologic cancer. The risk of developing a gynecologic cancer following a non-gynecologic cancer was also elevated compared to the average risk of the general population (SIR 1.05, 1.03 - 1.07), with uterine cancer having the highest SIR of 1.13.ConclusionThe risk of a developing a second primary cancer and the corresponding survival time is based on the order and site of the index and subsequent cancer. Surveillance guidelines should be examined further to optimize survivorship programs.
High Anal Canal Pressure and Rectal Washouts Contribute to the Decrease of Anal Basal Pressure After Botulinum Toxin Injections in Paediatric Patients With Chronic Constipation
Authors: Sun Ge , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionChronic constipation can be treated by injecting botulinum toxin into the anal sphincter to decrease anal basal pressure. To assess the effect of botulinum toxin, we investigated the factors that contribute to changes in anal basal pressure after injection.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. We included children with chronic constipation treated with botulinum toxin injections and measured anal basal pressure before and after each injection. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used.ResultsWe investigated 30 cases with idiopathic constipation. Their median age was 20.5 (7.75–53.25) months. Anal basal pressure decreased after injection in 20 cases. The mean decrease of anal basal pressure after injection was 18.17 ± 35.22 mmHg. The anal basal pressure change was linearly correlated with preinjection pressure (R2 = 0.593, P &lt; 0.001). A significant decrease of pressure was observed in patients with preinjection pressure &gt; 70 mmHg. Preinjection anal basal pressure (β = −0.913, P &lt; 0.001) and rectal washouts (β = −21.015, P = 0.007) contributed significantly to pressure changes. Changes in anal basal pressure were also significantly associated with patients' weights (β = 0.512, 95% CI, 0.011–1.013) and sex (β = 22.971, 95% CI, 9.205–36.736).ConclusionsBotulinum toxin significantly decreases anal basal pressure when preinjection pressure is higher than 70 mmHg. In patients with severely elevated anal basal pressure, we recommend rectal washouts to promote the decrease of anal basal pressure.
Empagliflozin Ameliorates Preeclampsia and Reduces Postpartum Susceptibility to Adriamycin in a Mouse Model Induced by Angiotensin Receptor Agonistic Autoantibodies
Authors: Zhai Ruonan , Liu Yuan , Tong Jiahao , Yu Ying , Yang Lin , Gu Yong , Niu Jianying 
Published: March 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and also is a risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease later in life. PE is associated with oversecretion of autoantibodies against angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA) by the placenta into the maternal circulation. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic value of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) in mice with AT1-AA-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant mice were injected with AT1-AA at gestation day (GD) 13 and treated daily with EMPA until GD 19, at which point some of the maternal mice were sacrificed and assessed. The other maternal mice were labored on time and challenged with adriamycin (ADR) at 12 weeks postpartum; their offspring were assessed for fetal outcomes. We showed that EMPA treatment significantly relieved high systolic blood pressure and proteinuria and ameliorated kidney injury in PE mice without affecting fetal outcomes. EMPA also ameliorated podocyte injury and oxidative stress, reduced the expression of SGLT2 and activated the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Remarkably, EMPA treatment during pregnancy reduced ADR-induced kidney and podocyte injury postpartum. These findings suggest that EMPA could be a potential pharmacological agent for PE.
Trajectories of Sexual Risk Behaviors and the Associated Factors Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in China
Authors: Wei Liqing , Tian Jiawei , Guo Menglan , Zhu Biao , Jiang Qingqing , Yu Bin , Yan Hong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundYoung men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at high risk of HIV infection that accounts for an increasing proportion of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in China. However, little is known about the trajectories of sexual risk behaviors in this population. The study aimed to investigate longitudinal patterns of sexual risk behaviors among YMSM in China.MethodsStudy data were collected from a prospective cohort study among 460 YMSM from 2017 to 2020. Based on the predicted HIV infection risk scores, distinct sexual risk behaviors trajectories of YMSM were estimated and plotted using the group-based censored normal model to identify the predictors of trajectories change over time.ResultsThree sexual risk behaviors trajectories were identified: a decreasing low-risk group (7.6%), an intermediate-risk group (67.4%), and an ascending high-risk group (25.0%).Compared to the decreasing low-risk group, intermediate-risk group membership was associated with being from rural areas, current smoker and higher depressive symptoms; ascending high-risk group membership was associated with an education level of high school or lower, being from rural areas, younger age at sex debut with a man, current smoker, higher depressive symptoms and sexual minority stress.ConclusionsSexual risk behaviors among YMSM changed over time within different trajectories. Identifying YMSM belonging to high-risk trajectories before HIV infection is vital for the intervention and may reduce HIV transmission.
Malignant Transformation and Metastatic Spread of Dumbbell-Shaped Meningeal Melanocytoma of the Cervical Spine: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Deng Shuang-lin , Wang Yu-bo , Wang Dan-hua , Zhan Shuang , Jing Yi , Guan Yi 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMeningeal melanocytoma is a rare disease that originates from leptomeningeal melanocytes in the central nervous system. Meningeal melanocytoma is generally considered benign, and has a good prognosis following complete surgical resection. Reports of the malignant transformation and spread of these tumors are scarce.Case PresentationA 19 year old female presented with headache, progressive limb weakness, and dyspnea. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dumbbell-shaped lesion at C1–C2 that was hyperintense on T1 weighted images and showed strong contrast enhancement. Total resection was achieved using a posterior midline approach. Post-operative pathology showed meningeal melanocytoma. The tumor recurred 9 months later with intracranial spread. Resection of the lesion revealed malignant transformation to meningeal melanoma.ConclusionMeningeal melanocytoma harbors malignant potential even with total resection. Radiotherapy could be considered to prevent disease recurrence and progression.
A Study to Assess Clinical Value of Varicose Veins Conservative Treatment in Pregnancy
Authors: Тихонович Е.В. , Можейко Л.Ф. 
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены результаты собственного исследования, целью которого явилась оценка эффективности системной фармакотерапии препаратами на основе диосмина 450 мг с геспередином 50 мг в сочетании с компрессионной терапией у беременных с варикозной болезнью вен нижних конечностей и варикозным расширением вен промежности. В ходе проведенной работы было выполнено комплексное клинико-лабораторное исследование у 140 беременных (95 женщин с варикозной болезнью и 45 здоровых беременных женщин) на клинической базе УО «БГМУ» (Минск, Беларусь). В результате проведенного исследования нами установлено положительное влияние предложенной схемы лечения как на субъективные проявления варикозной болезни (индекс качества жизни по опроснику CIVIQ-20 на фоне проводимого лечения составил 35,7±8,6, р=0,01), так и на лабораторные маркеры дисфункции эндотелия – уровень VEGF в сыворотке крови 24 (20–27) пг/мл vs. 26 (21–29) пг/мл, p=0,04, уровень эндотелина-1 – 5 (4,5–6) пг/мл vs. 6,5 (5–7,4) пг/мл, p=0,01. Целесообразно со 2-го триместра беременности рекомендовать прием флеботропных препаратов на основе флавоноидов в сочетании с компрессионной терапией у беременных с варикозной болезнью вен нижних конечностей класса С2а–С2s (CEAP), а также при вульварном и промежностном варикозе.
The article presents the results of our own research aimed at providing that the measurement of VEGF and endothelin-1 in pregnant patients with varicose veins is essential for conservative treatment effectiveness assessment. The research included 95 pregnant women who underwent complex clinic and laboratory screening in obstetrics and gynecology department of Belarusian State Medical University (Minsk, Belarus) during 2018-2019. It was found that the concentration of VEGF and endothelin-1 increased along with disease severity in women with varicose veins.A significant fall of VEGF (26 (21–29) pg/ml vs. 24 (20–27) pg/ml, p=0.04) and endothelin-1 (6,5 (5–7,4) pg/mL vs. 5 (4,5–6) pg/mL, p=0.04) circulating was reported in women with conservative management of varicose disease including proper elastic support and pharmacotherapy. A moderate positive correlation was revealed in women with varicose veins between hs-CRP level and BMI (r=0,4, p=0,01, n=110). Conclusion: some markers of endothelial dysfunction are increased in varicosevein bloodthat may promote further progression of the disease and thrombotic complications.The management of varicose veins during pregnancy should be by conservative means and consist of proper elastic support, phlebotonics, elevation of the extremities at night and during rest periods in the day, avoiding static dependency of the legs, and control of body weight.
Büyükşehirlerde Belde Belediyesinden Mahalleye Dönüşüm Sonrasında Yerel Kamu Hizmetlerinin Sunumundan Memnuniyet: Ordu, Tekirdağ, Manisa ve Mardin Örnekleri
Authors: KAYAR İsmail , GÖRÜN Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediye yönetimlerinin genel çerçevesini çizen kanun, 5216 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu’dur. Ayrıca 2012 yılında çıkarılan ve 2014 yılından itibaren uygulanmaya başlanan 6360 sayılı Kanun ile büyükşehir belediye yönetimleri üzerinde önemli değişiklikler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kanun kapsamında Türkiye’deki büyükşehir sayısı 30’a yükselmiş, büyükşehir ve ilçe belediyelerinin sınırları mülki sınırlara kadar genişletilmiş, büyükşehirlerdeki il özel idarelerinin tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılmış, köy ve belde belediyeleri mahalleye dönüştürülmüş, ilçe ve büyükşehir belediyelerinin mali yapıları ile görev ve yetkileri yeniden düzenlenmiştir.
Araştırmanın konusu, 6360 sayılı Kanun öncesinde belde belediyesi iken Kanun sonrasında mahalleye dönüştürülen yerlerin yerel kamu hizmetlerinin sunumundan memnuniyetidir. Araştırmanın tasarımı, “6360 sayılı Kanun, büyükşehirlerde belde belediyesinden mahalleye dönüştürülen yerlerde yerel kamu hizmetlerinin sunumunu nasıl etkilemiştir?” problemi üzerine kurulmuştur. Araştırmanın amacı, kendilerine yakın yerel yönetim birimlerinin kapatılması sonrasında daha uzak birimlerden hizmet almak durumunda kalan vatandaşların hizmetlerin kalitesinden memnuniyetlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 6360 sayılı Kanun ile büyükşehir statüsü elde eden 14 il oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma örneklemleri ise Ordu, Tekirdağ, Manisa ve Mardin büyükşehirleridir. Araştırma, nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma deseni olarak çoklu/kolektif örnek olay araştırması tercih edilmiştir. Veriler görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmış ve MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 nitel analiz programı ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları ışığında araştırma sonucunda, belde belediyesinden mahalleye dönüştürülen yerlerin yeni sistemde ilçe ve büyükşehir belediyelerinden aldığı hizmetlerin kalitesinden memnun olmadığı tespitine ulaşılmıştır.