bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of antibacterial PVA/Bentonite/Ag Composite Nanofibers with Bio-AgNPs synthesized with Fusarium sporotrichioides
Authors: Mokhtari-Hooseini Zahra Beagom , Hatamian-Zarmi Ashrafalsadat , Mahdizadeh Soheila , Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh Bahman , Alvandi Hale 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, membranes and filters made of nanofibers are extensively considered in various fields, such as medicine, water purification, etc. Using an environmentally-friendly method, this study fabricated a nanofiber-based on PVA, bentonite, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with good mechanical strength. Due to conventional AgNPs synthesis methods' toxicity, AgNPs were synthesized by Fusarium sporotrichioides. The MGYP culture medium and the AgNO3 12 M were optimal for Bio-AgNPs synthesis. Bio-AgNPs particle size and zeta potentials were 58 nm and -16.8 mV, respectively. The growth inhibition zone of Bio-AgNPs in E. coli and S. aureus was 0.53 and 0.80 mm, respectively and comparable with chloramphenicol. Then, the optimized Bio-AgNPs and a sample with chemical synthesis AgNPs were used to prepare the PVA/nano-Bentonite/nano-Ag (PVA/NB/AgNPs) nanofiber. The presence of silver in the nanofibers was confirmed through EDX and XRD methods. The diameter of nanofibers was 230 nm. The antibacterial activity of PVA/NB/Bio-AgNPs nanofibers was significantly better against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to PVA/NB/Chem-AgNPs nanofibers. The produced membrane is suitable for water treatment, food packaging, and wound dressing because of its good thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties.
Differences in Antibiotic Resistance of MDR Enterobacteriaceae between Broiler and Laying Farms in Which Two mcr-1 Positive Plasmids Revealed their Risk of Resistance
Authors: Zong Shuaizhou , Xu Dingting , Zheng Xiner , Wang Peng , Han Jianzhong , Qu Daofeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Existing studies on poultry (broilers and layers) suggest that strong screening of antibiotics leads to the wide spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, due to the different breeding cycle, antibiotic use and breeding environment characteristics of layers and broilers, they have different antibiotic resistance risks. Until now, there are few studies on the difference in risk of antibiotic resistance between broilers and layers, which is still a gap in our knowledge. Results: In the current study, high-throughput sequencing-based metagenomic revealed that firmicutes and bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in broiler and layer farms. Aph(3’’’)-III and ermF were the ARGs with the highest absolute abundance in broiler farms, which was higher than that of laying farms. TetW was the highest absolute abundance of ARG in laying hens, but it was still lower than broiler chickens. Three hundred fecal samples were used to isolate multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE). It was found that the detection rates of mcr-1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, fosB, qnrD, sul1, tetA and catA1 in broiler source MDRE were significantly higher than that in laying farms (P<0.05). Further studies showed that a chimeric plasmid p20432-mcr which carried the novel integron In1866 was isolated from broiler source MDRE. High frequence of conjugation (10-1 to 10-3) and wide range of hosts made p20432-mcr likely play an important role for the high detection rate of mcr-1, aph(3')-Ia and aadA2 in broiler farms. Conclusions: We comprehensively compared the prevalence of pathogen MDRE and their ARGs in the two environments and the mechanism of transmission. It is found that the mcr-1 positive plasmid p20432-mcr has a wide host range which may play an important part in the high detection rate of ARGs in broiler source MDRE. These findings will help to optimize disinfection and antibiotic resistant bacteria surveillance programs in poultry farms, especially in broilers.
Theoretical Material Research with First Principle Calculation Aiming at High-efficiency Hydrogen Production Using Solar Thermochemical Energy
Authors: Tomohiko Ishii , Nishimura Takaki , Kodama Tatsuya , Genta Sakane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, hydrogen energy has been attracting attention, and the hydrogen gas production using solar thermal energy has been conducted. The studies of Kodama et al. were reported that the cyclic reaction can efficiently produce the hydrogen gas through a two-step thermal redox reaction with the cerium oxide. The transition metal doping into the cerium oxide improved the reaction efficiency. In our work, we considered the doping effect on the thermal two-step redox reaction. As a result of the calculation by the DV-Xα method, it was clarified that the doped cerium oxide becomes a strong bond, the large BOP value without changing the ceria crystal structure in the two-step thermal redox reaction. The theoretical calculation results corresponded to the reaction efficiency improvement of the thermal reaction in experimental results.
Drug Cost Avoidance Analysis of Cancer Clinical Trials in Spain: A Study on Cost Contributors and Their Impact
Authors: Domingo Sánchez-Martínez , Federico Salas-Lucia , Hanzi Jiang , Paula Ruiz-Carreño , Luis Alonso Romero José 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Analyze the cost contributors and their impact on the drug cost avoidance (DCA) resulting from cancer clinical trials over the period of 2015-2020 in a tertiary-level hospital in Spain (HCUVA). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study of a total of 53 clinical trials with 363 patients enrolled. We calculated the DCA from the price of the best standard of care (i.e.: drugs that the institution would otherwise fund). A linear regression model was used to determine cost contributors and estimate their impact. Results: The total DCA was ~5.1 million euros (31 clinical trials; 177 enrollees), representing 30% and 0,05% approximately of the annual pharmaceutical expenditures at the HCUVA and for the Spanish Health System, respectively. Cancer type analysis showed that lung cancer had the highest average DCA by trial, indicating that treatments in these trials were the most expensive. Linear regression analysis showed that the number of patients in a trial did not significantly affect that trial's DCA. Instead, cancer type, phase trials, and intention of treatment were significant cost contributors to DCA. Compared to digestive cancer trials, breast and lung trials were significantly more expensive, (p < 0.05 and p < 0.1, respectively). Phase III trials were more expensive than Phase II (p < 0.05) and adjuvant trials were less expensive than palliative (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We identified key cancer clinical trial characteristics that significantly impacted the estimated DCA. Our work provides the groundwork to explore DCA contributors with potential to enhance public relations material and serve as a negotiating tool for budgeting, thus playing an important role to inform decisions about resource allocation.
Identification of foodborne botulism with mixed serotypes A, B and E and their in vivo profiles in four types of clinical specimens
Authors: Xie Jianwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Diagnosis of mixed botulism caused by multiple serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is still a challenge due to the lack of reliable detection method. The present study develops a feasible laboratorial method to detect BoNTs in clinical samples and aims to provide insights into in vivo profiles of different toxin serotypes.
Methods

An isotope dilution Endopep-MS method for simultaneously detection of seven serotypes of BoNT was established and further applied to diagnosis of mixed botulism through one-step immunocapture procedure. A comprehensive analysis of four types of clinical specimens, i.e., serum, vomitus, urine, and gastric mucosa samples, from four suspected patients was performed.
Results

The established robust multiplex Endopep-MS method was applied to accurately identify and monitor BoNT/A, B and E in specimens during a clinically and therapeutically relevant timeframe. Serotypes and concentrations of BoNT in specimens revealed a good correlation with symptoms and progresses of disease. Additionally, serum was evidenced to be more suitable for detection BoNT/A with a detection window up to 12 days. Urine sample, although scarcely used in foodborne botulism diagnosis, was validated to be suitable for testing BoNTs with a longer detection window up to 25 days.
Conclusions

This is the first comprehensive analytical research on in vivo profiles of serotypes A, B and E in different types of specimens from mixed botulism cases to the best of our knowledge, and our method and findings facilitate the toxin detection and identification by clinical diagnostic laboratories.
The Status of Sharp Injury and Risk Factors among Health Care Staffs in the Bule Hora Hospital, South Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Gelchu Shiferaw 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Sharp injury is a penetrating cut wound from a needle or other sharp object which may additionally bring in contacting with blood or other body fluids of patients who may be having an infectious disease. Every year, more than half million of health care workers encounter needle stick injury that leads exposure to dangerous blood borne pathogens. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of needle stick injury and contributing factors among health care staffs in the Bule Hora Hospital, south Ethiopia.
Methods

Facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from June20- July 30, 2020 among health care workers in the Bule Hora Hospital. The sample size for this study was 383. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were done. Statistical significance adjusted at P< 0.05.
Results

Nearly half of 166(45.4%) of the study subjects had experienced Sharp injury. The activities mainly causing injuries were; waste collection (37.5%), giving injection (29.2%), and uncooperativeness of the patients (9.7%). Study participants that had not got training on prevention of occupational risks were two times more likely exposed to sharp injuries, AOR=1.67(1.47-3.53). Health care workers working > 40 hours per week were nearly four times more likely exposed, AOR=3.74(1.68-8.28) to sharp injury.
Conclusion

Even though the magnitude of sharp injury was similar to the other studies, the prevalence in the study area was high. Lack of training and prolonged working hours were risk factors identified in this study for sharp injury, Therefore, health care workers should get training on prevention of workplace hazards and working hours must be regulated.
Dirac Equation Redux by Direct Quantization of the 4-Momentum Vector
Authors: Andoni S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Dirac equation (DE) is a cornerstone of quantum physics. We prove that direct quantization of the 4-momentum vector p with modulus m (rest energy, c = 1) yields a coordinate-free and manifestly covariant equation. Remember that standard DE is not manifestly covariant. In coordinate representation, this is equivalent to DE with spacetime frame vectors replacing Dirac’s gamma-matrices. The two sets obey to the same Clifford algebra. Adding an independent Hermitian vector x5 to the spacetime basis {xu} allows accommodating the momentum operator in a real vector space with a complex structure arising alone from vectors and multivectors. The real vector space generated from the action of the Clifford product onto the quintet {x0,x1,x2,x3,x5} has dimension 32, the same as the equivalent real dimension for the space of Dirac matrices. x5 proves defining for the combined CPT symmetry, distinction of axial vs. polar vectors, left and right handed rotors & spinors, etc. Therefore, we name it reflector and {x0,x1,x2,x3,x5} – a basis for spacetime-reflection (STR). The pentavector I = x05123 commutes with all elements of STR and it depicts the pseudoscalar of STR. We develop the formalism by deriving all the essential results from the novel STR DE: conserved probability currents, symmetries, nonrelativistic approximation and spin 1/2 magnetic angular momentum. All key symmetries of DE have a clear and rich geometric interpretation in STR. In simple terms, we demonstrate how Dirac matrices are a redundant representation of spacetime-reflection directors.
Insecticide compatibility with abundance and diversity of predatory fauna in wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystem
Authors: Jambagi Suresh R. , Kambrekar D. N. , Mallapur C. P. , Naik V. Rudra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Assessment of the potential effects of insecticides on the natural enemies is an important part of IPM. The use of natural enemies in combination with selected insecticides which have no effect on them is effective in depressing the population density of the insect pest. In this context, an effort was made to know the diversity of predatory fauna and effect of seed dressers, soil applied chemicals and foliar spraying insecticides on their abundance in wheat during rabi, 2019-20. The investigation registered the activity of green lacewing (Chrysoperla sp.), coccinellids (Coccinella transversalis, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Illeis cincta), syrphids and spider (Oxyopes sp.). Meanwhile, the results also revealed the peak activity of green lacewing, coccinellids, syrphids and spiders in seed treatment with thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 5 ml/kg seeds (1.20, 1.40, 0.73 and 0.67 per meter square area, respectively) followed by soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 30 kg/ha (1.17, 1.37, 0.70 and 0.62 per meter square, respectively) and both were found on par with untreated check (1.39, 1.51, 0.81 and 0.78 per meter square, respectively). Whereas, the least population was recorded in soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 30 kg/ha followed by a foliar application of cypermethrin 10 EC @ 0.5 ml/l (0.22, 0.24, 0.14 and 0.12 per meter square, respectively) over rest of the treatments. These results endorsed the biocompatibility of seed dressers (Thiamethoxam 30 FS), soil applied chemicals (Carbofuran 3G) and detrimental effects of foliar spraying insecticides (Cypermethrin 10 EC, Emamectin benzoate 5SG and Nimbecidine 1500 ppm) on population dynamics of natural enemy.
Experience of using a probiotic strain of Enterococcus in long-term nutritional support for premature children
Authors: Gonchar N. V. , Fedorova M. S. , Alekhina G. G. , Suvorov A. N. 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To evaluate the experience of using a probiotic strain of enterococcus in long-term nutritional support of premature infants.Characteristics of children and research methods. The children were selected in 2014–2015. The study included 11 premature babies of the first year of life, treated with antibiotics for a long time. Inclusion criteria: prematurity of any severity, signed informed consent from parents to conduct an outpatient rehabilitation program for children, including long-term nutritional support with a probiotic strain of enterococcus. Exclusion criteria: gross congenital malformations; hereditary metabolic diseases, severe forms of organic pathology of the central nervous system. Exclusion criteria: severe forms of somatic and infectious pathology, use of other probiotics. The probiotic strain of enterococcus – E. faecium L3 (No. RU. 77.99.26.009.Е.002272.02.11) in the liquid form (biomass grown on a dairy-free basis) with a titer of at least 108 CFU/ml was orally administered to children 1 ml 2 times a day while eating. The authors evaluated safety and clinical efficacy of long-term use of the probiotic strain of enterococcus.Results. The authors noted the effectiveness of long-term use of a probiotic strain of enterococcus as nutritional support for premature infants for adequate psychomotor and physical development. They revealed the disappearance of the manifestations of atopic dermatitis while taking a probiotic strain of enterococcus. In the course of the study, the safety of long-term intake of a probiotic strain of enterococcus was established as an integral part of the rehabilitation program for premature babies, who completed their nursing in a hospital.Conclusion. The continuation of studies to assess the clinical efficacy of long-term intake of probiotics in children of the first year of life who were born prematurely and received antibiotics for a long time can be considered very promising.
New data on the effect of A-type botulinum toxin on the colon smooth muscles in the experiment
Authors: Pimenova E. S. , Korolev G. A. , Zagrebina A. A. , Romanova O. E. , Morozov D. A. 
Published: January 2022

A-type botulinum toxin blocks presynaptic production of acetylcholine, thereby disrupting neuromuscular transmission, and leading to flaccid muscle paresis. Injection of toxin into the internal anal sphincter is a new, minimally invasive, effective method of treating children with hypertonicity / achalasia of the sphincter, pelvic muscle dyssynergia, stool retention, secondary fecal incontinence from rectal overflow. The effect of A-type botulinum toxin on smooth muscles of hollow organs has not been yet studied.Objective. To analyze the effect of A-type botulinum toxin on the tone of the smooth muscles of the colon in the experiment.Material and methods. The scientists examined 15 laboratory Sprague Dawley rats. The effect of A-type botulinum toxin on the tone of the smooth muscles of the large intestine was assessed by measuring the stress of the intestinal wall and intraluminal pressure.Results. The scientists revealed a decrease in pressure in the rectum on the 10th day after the injection of A-type botulinum toxin into the segment of the descending colon. The indices of the intestinal wall tension did not differ before the administration of A-type botulinum toxin, as well as in 10 and 20 minutes. The tension in the administration area of A-type botulinum toxin decreased by 81% on the 10th day after injection. There was an indirect decrease in smooth muscle tone in the segments of the colon above and below the injection by 49 and 80%, respectively.Conclusion. The decrease in rectal pressure on the 10th day after the administration of A-type botulinum toxin directly depends upon the decrease in the biovoltage of the overlying sections. Further basic research is needed to assess the effect of the toxin on non-targeted smooth muscle.
Effect of temperature on fermentative VFAs production from waste sludge stimulated by riboflavin and the shifts of microbial community
Authors: Liu Jingya , Huang Jingang , Li Huanxuan , Shi Binfang , Xu Yueheng , Liu Jie , Zhang Dong , Tang Junhong , Hou Pingzhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fermentative volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) under moderate temperature is a promising way for resource and energy regeneration in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). In this study, the effect of temperature on VFAs production and the associated microbial community from riboflavin-assisted WAS fermentation were investigated. Three fermentative reactors under 25, 35 and 55 °C were operated for 30 days, respectively. The results indicated that riboflavin enhanced VFAs production from WAS fermentation under moderate temperatures (25 °C, 35 °C), increasing conversion of organic matters to bioavailable substrates for the subsequent acidification process. Although a small dosage of riboflavin (1.0 ± 0.05 mM) hardly inhibited the methanogenic process, it could mediate the electron sink for VFAs under lower temperatures. This in turn increased the accumulation of acetic and propionic acids (up to 234 mg/g of volatile suspended solids) and their proportions relative to the total VFAs, being efficient electron donors and carbon sources for nutrient removal in MWTPs. Furthermore, microbial communities were shifted in response to temperature, and riboflavin stimulated the special fermentative bacteria under room temperature and mesophilic conditions. The study suggested a feasible and eco-friendly method to improve VFAs production from crude WAS at a relatively lower temperature.
Acute Ectopic Pancreatitis Mimicking Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Case
Report
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Jun Hyeok , Bae Sung Hwan , Hong Seong Sook , Jin Yoon Mi 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The ectopic pancreas is an anatomically separate pancreatic tissue from normal
glands with its own vascular and ductal system; it is most commonly found in the upper gastrointestinal
tract. The ectopic pancreas is usually asymptomatic, but it can present with symptoms associated
with complications, including bleeding, inflammation, and neoplasm without abnormalities in the
normal pancreas.

Case Presentation:
We report a 31-year-old female with acute ectopic pancreatitis involving gastric
antrum and proximal duodenum mimicking peptic ulcer disease, without pancreatitis in the normal
pancreas.

Conclusion:
Ectopic pancreatitis is a rare condition and can mimic more common diseases depending
on the anatomical location.
Attitudes Toward Mobile Apps for Pandemic Research Among Smartphone Users in Germany: National Survey
Authors: Buhr Lorina , Schicktanz Silke , Nordmeyer Eike 
Published: January 2022

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in the context of previous epidemic diseases, mobile apps for smartphones were developed with different goals and functions, such as digital contact tracing, test management, symptom monitoring, quarantine compliance, and epidemiological and public health research.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the potential for the acceptance of research-orientated apps (ROAs) in the German population. To this end, we identified distinctive attitudes toward pandemic apps and data sharing for research purposes among smartphone users in general and with a focus on differences in attitudes between app users and nonusers in particular.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, national, telephone-based survey of 1003 adults in Germany, of which 924 were useable for statistical analysis. The 17-item survey assessed current usage of pandemic apps, motivations for using or not using pandemic apps, trust in app distributors and attitudes toward data handling (data storage and transmission), willingness to share coded data with researchers using a pandemic app, social attitudes toward app use, and demographic and personal characteristics.

Results
A vast majority stated that they used a smartphone (778/924, 84.2%), but less than half of the smartphone users stated that they used a pandemic app (326/778, 41.9%). The study focused on the subsample of smartphone users. Interestingly, when asked about preferred organizations for data storage and app distribution, trust in governmental (federal or state government, regional health office), public-appointed (statutory health insurance), or government-funded organizations (research institutes) was much higher than in private organizations (private research institutions, clinics, health insurances, information technology [IT] companies). Having a university degree significantly (P<.001) increased the likelihood of using a pandemic app, while having a migration background significantly (P<.001) decreased it. The overwhelming majority (653/778, 83.9%) of smartphone users were willing to provide their app data for state-funded research. Regarding attitudes toward app usage, striking differences between users and nonusers were found. Almost all app users (317/327, 96.9%) stated they would be willing to share data, whereas only 74.3% (336/452) of nonusers supported data sharing via an app. Two-thirds (216/326, 66.3%) of app users fully or rather agreed with the statement that using a pandemic app is a social duty, whereas almost the same proportion of nonusers entirely or rather disagreed with that statement (273/451, 60.5%).

Conclusions
These findings indicate a high potential for the adoption of ROAs among smartphone users in Germany as long as organizational providers engaged in development, operation, and distribution are state-funded or governmental institutions and transparency about data-using research institutions is provided.