bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hazy days? The refractive outlook of photorefractive keratectomy/photo‐astigmatic keratectomy
Authors: Weed Kathryn H. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Bryce Iain G. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe refractive outcome of 100 healthy myopic eyes which had undergone excimer laser (VISX 20/20) was evaluated at 6 months post‐treatment. Patients were subdivided into Group A (n = 51, < −5.00 D spherical equivalent (SE)), Group B (n = 38, −5.00 to < −10.00 D SE) and Group C (n = 11, > −10.00 D SE). The mean myopic sphere decreased from −2.88 to −0.22 DS, −5.94 to −0.43 DS and −12.61 to −1.83 DS, respectively. Cylinder reduction ranged from 23 to 53%, effectiveness: decreasing with increasing associated myopia. Sixty‐six percent of all subjects attained an SE correction within 1.00 D of that attempted, however, 80% actually achieved vision of 6/12 or better. At 6 months only six eyes were not within one line of their pre‐operative best spectacle visual acuity (BSVA) and four of these exhibited haze greater than Grade 1. In low myopia, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) appears to be highly successful with 93% of subjects with an initial myopia of < −5.00 D SE obtaining 6/12 or better vision. However, photo‐astigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK) was variable within all groups.
Tightening the net: children, community, and control
Authors: James Adrian L. , James Allison 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe recent move to revitalize social democracy in the UK under the New Labour government, explored by Giddens as ‘the Third Way’, embraces many of Etzioni's ideas on communitarianism. The principles that emerge from these political philosophies, such as the involvement of local communities in policy consultations and implementation, have largely been welcomed as a reflection of the aim of revitalizing civic society in the context of a range of social policies. It is argued, however, that for children, contrary to this general trend, many of these policies represent attempts to increase the social control of children. Their effect has been to restrict children's agency and their rights, rather than to increase their participation as citizens, and thus, in spite of the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children continue to be marginalized.
Critical realism and the dialectic1
Authors: Roberts John Michael 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTA prominent strand within both sociological and social theory has been concerned to develop a ‘systems approach’ with which to explore social life. One of the most original contributions to a systems approach has arisen within critical realism. In particular critical realism demonstrates that it is possible to abstract the causal powers of different objects of analysis to examine their interaction within concrete and contingent ‘open systems’. The recent dialectical turn of critical realism develops this systems approach in a much more rigorous manner. However, in this paper I argue that the (dialectical) critical realist mode of abstraction ultimately fails to embed concepts and categories internally within the specific ideological and historical forms of social relations. Or rather, critical realists do not seek to develop concepts that reflect the self‐movement of a historical and contradictory essence. This self‐movement is what I prefer to call a ‘system’. Consequently critical realists are led to separate method from system in theory construction and such a separation leads to a problematic dualist mode of theorizing. I make these observations from a Hegelian–Marxist position.
Efficacy of a parent‐implemented early language intervention based on collaborative consultation
Authors: Iacono Teresa A. , Chan Jeff B. , Waring Rebecca E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA group of five preschool children with developmental disability and their mothers participated in a study into the efficacy of a parent‐implemented language intervention. Each parent was included in the team as a consultee, with a speech pathologist and special educator acting as consultants within a collaborative consultation process. Treatment for each child was developed using this process, with specific strategies to increase language production skills decided by the team. Strategies were used within an interactive model of early language intervention. The effectiveness of treatment was determined within a multiple baseline design. For three children, the impact of treatment was evident, but the results were not replicated for the other two children. Descriptive analysis of mothers' communicative behaviours indicated that, following treatment, they tended to direct more utterances to their children, used more models, fewer questions and directives, and more (although limited) teaching strategies.
When is a velar an alveolar? Evidence supporting a revised psycholinguistic model of speech production in children
Authors: Hewlett Nigel , Gibbon Fiona , Cohen‐McKenzie Wendy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSpeech data from a single child with a phonological impairment were analysed with a view to assessing the influence of utterance mode (spontaneous vs. confrontation naming vs. repetition), lexical status (word vs. non‐word) and phonological context (voicing status and position in word) on the accuracy of production of velar targets. Under these conditions, accuracy was found to vary between ‘correct’ velar and ‘incorrect’ alveolar place of articulation. First, accuracy increased over four conditions, from spontaneous speech to confrontation naming to real word repetition to non‐word repetition. Second, there was a higher incidence of correct velar targets in initial than final position in the word, and a higher incidence of correct /k/ targets than /g/ targets. These findings are discussed in relation to a proposed model of child speech production, the configuration of which borrows heavily from similar models described recently in the literature. The model attempts to explain how a child represents and processes word‐forms, and over time revises their pronunciation. The explanation offered for these findings entails a claim that speech articulations are concerned directly with reproducing perceptual phenomena and that their ability to do so accurately may be constrained by processing load.
Polynomials with small Mahler measure
Authors: Mossinghoff Michael 
Published: July 2002

We describe several searches for polynomials with integer coefficients and small Mahler measure. We describe the algorithm used to test Mahler measures. We determine all polynomials with degree at most 24 and Mahler measure less than

1.3
1.3

, test all reciprocal and antireciprocal polynomials with height 1 and degree at most 40, and check certain sparse polynomials with height 1 and degree as large as 181. We find a new limit point of Mahler measures near

1.309
1.309

, four new Salem numbers less than

1.3
1.3

, and many new polynomials with small Mahler measure. None has measure smaller than that of Lehmer’s degree 10 polynomial.
Design and implementation of a CORBA-based genome mapping system prototype.
Authors: Hu J , Mungall C , Nicholson D , Archibald A L 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), as an open standard, is considered to be a good solution for the development and deployment of applications in distributed heterogeneous environments. This technology can be applied in the bioinformatics area to enhance utilization, management and interoperation between biological resources. RESULTS: This paper investigates issues in developing CORBA applications for genome mapping information systems in the Internet environment with emphasis on database connectivity and graphical user interfaces. The design and implementation of a CORBA prototype for an animal genome mapping database are described. AVAILABILITY: The prototype demonstration is available via: http://www.ri.bbsrc.ac.uk/ark_corba/. CONTACT: jian.hu@bbsrc.ac.uk
Minor Changes in Daily Rhythms Induced by a Skeleton Photoperiod Are Associated with Increased Adiposity and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Méndez‐Hernández Rebeca , Rumanova Valentina S. , Guzmán‐Ruiz Mara A. , Foppen Ewout , Moreno‐Morton Rodrigo , Hurtado‐Alvarado Gabriela , Escobar Carolina , Kalsbeek Andries , Buijs Ruud M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEating during the rest phase is associated with metabolic syndrome, proposed to result from a conflict between food consumption and the energy‐saving state imposed by the circadian system. However, in nocturnal rodents, eating during the rest phase (day‐feeding, DF) also implies food intake during light exposure. To investigate whether light exposure contributes to DF‐induced metabolic impairments, animals receive food during the subjective day without light. A skeleton photoperiod (SP) is used to entrain rats to a 12:12 cycle with two short light pulses framing the subjective day. DF‐induced adiposity is prevented by SP, suggesting that the conflict between light and feeding stimulates fat accumulation. However, all animals under SP conditions develop glucose intolerance regardless of their feeding schedule. Moreover, animals under SP with ad libitum or night‐feeding have increased adiposity. SP animals show a delayed onset of the daily rise in body temperature and energy expenditure and shorter duration of nighttime activity, which may contribute to the metabolic disturbances. These data emphasize that metabolic homeostasis can only be achieved when all daily cycling variables are synchronized. Even small shifts in the alignment of different metabolic rhythms, such as those induced by SP, may predispose individuals to metabolic disease.
Interstitial Atomic Bi Charge‐Alternating Processor Boosts Twofold Molecular Oxygen Activation Enabling Rapid Catalytic Oxidation Reactions at Room Temperature
Authors: Lian Qiyu , Hu Lingling , Ma Dingren , Jiao Yimu , Xia Dehua , Huang Yajing , Tang Zhuoyun , Qu Wei , Zhao Huinan , He Chun , Gang Daniel D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMolecular O2 activation on metallic oxide‐based catalysts surfaces is pivotal for catalytic oxidation reactions but highly depends on the O2 activation pathways or mechanisms. Thus, comprehensively understanding the mechanism of efficient O2 activation is conducive to extending the fundamental principles for O2 activation theories and designing novel catalysts for catalytic oxidation reactions. In this study, it is declared that the interstitial atomic Bi (IA Bi) anchored in the lattice interstice of MnO2 (Bi/MnO2) is capable of triggering an alternative twofold O2 activation boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions at room temperature. Explicitly, the IA Bi facilely induces the local lattice distortion reconstructing the local charge landscape, thus weakening the O2 dissociation energy barrier by elongating the OO bond length. And, the charge‐alternating process engineered by the IA Bi drives the alternative twofold O2 activation of the adjacent lattice oxygen and adsorbs dangling oxygen assisted by the consecutive O2 replenishment. Conclusively, this study not only declares the role of IA Bi in driving the charge‐alternating process during the twofold O2 activation but also extends the fundamental principles toward O2 activation mechanisms for catalytic oxidation reactions via atomic makeup engineering.
Ultranarrow Bandgap Se‐Deficient Bimetallic Selenides for High Performance Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Tao , Fang Miaojie , Liu Jianwen , Yang Dexin , Liang Yuhang , Zhong Jiasong , Yuan Yong‐Jun , Zhang Yanan , Liu Xiaolian , Zheng Rongkun , Davey Kenneth , Zhang Jian , Guo Zaiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal selenides have attracted significant attention as practically promising anode materials in alkali metal‐ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity. However, a drawback is that these do not provide sufficient rate performance and cycle stability for large‐scale. Here, anion defect‐tuned ultra‐narrow bandgap bimetallic selenide nanoparticles anchored on honeycomb‐like N‐doped, porous carbon dominated by pyrrolic nitrogen is reported. This targeted defect chemistry and unique structure facilitate rapid diffusion of lithium‐potassium ions to provide increased pseudo‐capacitance that boosts electrochemical performance. It is demonstrated that in lithium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries (LIB and KIB), the composite exhibits high specific capacity, and excellent cycle stability with a reversible capacity of 937 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 for LIB and 304 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 for KIB following 1000 cycles, together with superior rate capability of, respectively, 499 mA h g–1 for LIB and 139 mA h g–1 for KIB at 10 A g–1. A synergistic effect of the greater lithium/potassium ion adsorption energy of the bimetallic selenide and N‐doped carbon boosts ion diffusion kinetics of the materials is confirmed. It is concluded that, these findings will be of immediate benefit to the practical development of alkali‐metal ion batteries.
Dually‐Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with Shape Adaptability and Synergetic Bacterial Elimination in the Full Course of Wound Healing
Authors: Feng Lan , Chen Qin , Cheng Huitong , Yu Qiao , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncomplete contact between a pre‐formed hydrogel and irregular wound limits the therapeutic effect of the dressing and increases the risk of infection; while great concerns have remained regarding the potential toxicity of the residual additives of chemical crosslinking for in situ forming hydrogels. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a self‐adaptive hydrogel in response to skin temperature with shape adaptability and efficient antibacterial properties to prevent microbial invasion. Herein, a dually‐thermoresponsive hydrogel composed of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and methacrylated κ‐carrageenan (MA‐κ‐CA) is designed with compliance at physiological temperature to realize shape adaptability for completely covering irregular wounds. Furthermore, the hydrogel with near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive polypyrrole‐polydopamine nanoparticles (PPy‐PDA NPs) and Zn2+‐derived zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) can generate localized heat and gradually release Zn2+ to realize safe, effective synergetic photothermal–chemical bactericidal capability. In addition, the release rate of Zn2+ can be accelerated by NIR‐induced heating, and thus a more efficient sterilization can be provided to severely infected wounds. Therefore, the proposed hydrogel would serve as a promising wound dressing for the full course of wound healing, with the abilities of perfectly covering the wound and adapting to regenerating tissue, and controllable photothermal‐chemical antibacterial capability to reach high bactericidal efficiency and long‐term release of antibacterial agents.
Through the Lens of a Momentum Microscope: Viewing Light‐Induced Quantum Phenomena in 2D Materials
Authors: Karni Ouri , Esin Iliya , Dani Keshav M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) materials at their 2D limit are diverse, flexible, and unique laboratories to study fundamental quantum phenomena and their future applications. Their novel properties rely on their pronounced Coulomb interactions, variety of crystal symmetries and spin‐physics, and the ease of incorporation of different vdW materials to form sophisticated heterostructures. In particular, the excited state properties of many 2D semiconductors and semi‐metals are relevant for their technological applications, particularly those that can be induced by light. In this paper, the recent advances made in studying out‐of‐equilibrium, light‐induced, phenomena in these materials are reviewed using powerful, surface‐sensitive, time‐resolved photoemission‐based techniques, with a particular emphasis on the emerging multi‐dimensional photoemission spectroscopy technique of time‐resolved momentum microscopy. The advances this technique has enabled in studying the nature and dynamics of occupied excited states in these materials are discussed. Then, the future research directions opened by these scientific and instrumental advancements are projected for studying the physics of 2D materials and the opportunities to engineer their band‐structure and band‐topology by laser fields.
SrTiO3/CuNi‐Heterostructure‐Based Thermopile for Sensitive Human Radiation Detection and Noncontact Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Guo Xiaohan , Lu Xiaowei , Jiang Peng , Bao Xinhe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNoncontact interactive technology provides an intelligent solution to mitigate public health risks from cross‐infection in the era of COVID‐19. The utilization of human radiation as a stimulus source is conducive to the implementation of low‐power, robust noncontact human–machine interaction. However, the low radiation intensity emitted by humans puts forward a high demand for photodetection performance. Here, a SrTiO3−x/CuNi‐heterostructure‐based thermopile is constructed, which features the combination of high thermoelectric performance and near‐unity long‐wave infrared absorption, to realize the self‐powered detection of human radiation. The response level of this thermopile to human radiation is orders of magnitude higher than those of low‐dimensional‐materials‐based photothermoelectric detectors and even commercial thermopiles. Furthermore, a touchless input device based on the thermopile array is developed, which can recognize hand gestures, numbers, and letters in real‐time. This work offers a reliable strategy to integrate the spontaneous human radiation into noncontact human–machine interaction systems.
Ultrahigh‐Porosity MgO Microparticles for Heat‐Energy Storage
Authors: Kim Youngho , Dong Xue , Chae Sudong , Asghar Ghulam , Choi Sungwoong , Kim Bum Jun , Choi Jae‐Young , Yu Hak Ki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContinuous industrial development has increased the demand of energy. Inevitably, the development of energy sources is steadily progressing using various methods. Rather than establishing a new energy source, a system for storing waste heat generated by industry has now been accepted as a useful strategy. Among such systems, the hydration and dehydration reactions of MgO/Mg(OH)2 are eco‐friendly, have relatively low toxicity and risk, and have a large reserves. Therefore, it is a promising candidate for a heat‐storage system. In this study, ultrahigh‐porosity particles are used to maximize the heat‐storage efficiency of pure MgO. Due to its large surface area, the heat storage rate is 90.3% of the theoretical value and the reaction rate is very high. In addition, as structural collapse, likely to be caused by volume changes between reactions, is blocked as the porous region is filled and emptied, the cycle stability is secured. Ultrahigh‐porosity MgO microparticles can be used to build eco‐friendly heat‐storage systems.
Review on 2D Arsenene and Antimonene: Emerging Materials for Energy, Electronic and Biological Applications
Authors: Dongre S Sumanth , R Shwetharani , Hunsur Ravikumar Chandan , C Lavanya , Balakrishna R. Geetha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonoelemental 2D materials such as arsenene (As) and antimonene (Sb) are creating great interest in materials research (since 2014) for designing various optoelectronic devices, energy production, and storage systems such as sensors, electrically modifiable displays, transistors, and catalysts owing to their unique properties like high surface area, optical, electrical, mechanical properties, and bio‐compatibility. Here in, an attempt has been made to write a comprehensive review on recent progress of monoelemental arsenene and antimonene focusing on tuning of properties through various techniques and their potential applications in different fields. The review is designed to explain the fundamental structures and properties in the beginning, followed by different preparation methods like exfoliation, ball milling, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, and plasma‐assisted synthesis. Furthermore, the details on density functional theory studies of As an Sb and their applications in various fields such as photocatalysis, electronic and optoelectronic fields, solar cells, hydrogen evolution reaction, supercapacitors, batteries, biological applications, sensing, and electrochemical devices are reported.
Structural Defects Improve the Memristive Characteristics of Epitaxial La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐Based Devices
Authors: Moncasi Carlos , Lefèvre Gauthier , Villeger Quentin , Rapenne Laetitia , Roussel Hervé , Bsiesy Ahmad , Jiménez Carmen , Burriel Mónica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterface‐type valence change memories (VCMs) are exciting candidates for multilevel storage in resistive random access memories (RRAM) and as artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. Several materials have been proposed as VCM candidates and, depending on the materials and electrodes of choice, different switching mechanisms take place leading to the change in resistance. Here, the focus is on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3–δ (LSM) perovskite and, particularly, the role of its nanostructure on the memristive device performance. The nanostructural details of the layers are modified by growing LSM epitaxial thin films on different substrates, i.e., SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 (LAO), by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). An interface‐type memristive response is observed using Ti as active electrode and Pt as inert electrode. The modifications in the nanostructure of LSM (strain and dislocations) determine the memristive performance, leading to differences in cycle to cycle reproducibility and multilevel capabilities by the modification of the LSM's oxygen migration properties. The results show that nanostructure engineering is a promising approach for optimizing the performance of memristive devices, an approach which can also be extended and applied to other nanoionic electrochemical devices.
Older populations of the invader Solidago canadensis exhibit stronger positive plant‐soil feedbacks and competitive ability in China
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. , Adomako Michael Opoku , Yuan Yongge , Li Jun‐Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseThe enemy release hypothesis predicts that release from natural enemies, including soil‐borne pathogens, liberates invasive plants from a negative regulating force. Nevertheless, invasive plants may acquire novel enemies and mutualists in the introduced range, which may cause variable effects on invader growth. However, how soil microorganisms may influence competitive ability of invasive plants along invasion chronosequences has been little explored.MethodsUsing the invasive plant Solidago canadensis, we tested whether longer residence times are associated with stronger negative plant‐soil feedbacks and thus weaker competitive abilities at the individual level. We grew S. canadensis individuals from 36 populations with different residence times across southeastern China in competition versus no competition and in three different types of soils: (1) conspecific rhizospheric soils; (2) soils from uninvaded patches; and (3) sterilized soil. For our competitor treatments, we constructed synthetic communities of four native species (Bidens parviflora, Solanum nigrum, Kalimeris indica, and Mosla scabra), which naturally co‐occur with Solidago canadensis in the field.ResultsSolidago canadensis populations with longer residence times experienced stronger positive plant‐soil feedbacks and had greater competitive responses (i.e., produced greater above‐ground biomass and grew taller) in conspecific rhizospheric soils than in sterilized or uninvaded soils. Moreover, S. canadensis from older populations significantly suppressed above‐ground biomass of the native communities in rhizospheric and uninvaded soils but not in sterilized soil.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that older populations of S. canadensis experience stronger positive plant‐soil feedbacks, which may enhance their competitive ability against native plant communities.