bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Form is temporary, class is permanent’: identifying a longer-term hot hand in golf
Authors: Baker Rose , McHale Ian G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The existence (or not) of the hot hand in sport continues to attract the attention of economists and psychologists. The paper presents analysis to test the belief prevalent in golfing circles that golfers go in and out of form quickly, while ‘class’ remains relatively constant. By going in and out of form, the golfer is effectively experiencing a longer-run hot hand: one can speculate that periods of confidence breed good performance. To test for the existence of ‘form’, we present a new application of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model and use it to identify both a golfer’s class and form when modelling golf scores. The findings suggest that short-term form does exist in golf and that this hot hand lasts for about four weeks.
Sorption of hazardous industrial organic liquids with environmentally friendly functionalized cellulosic sorbents
Authors: Ji Seulgi , Park Chanwon , Lee Young Bum , Kim Seong K. , An Ki-Seok , Lee Sun Sook 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The performances of five cellulosic polymers with different functional groups (cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose phosphate, chitosan, and chitin) as sorbents of seven frequently used hazardous polar organic liquids (acrolein, butanone peroxide, epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, furfuryl alcohol, propylene oxide, and vinyl acetate) are investigated in this study. Amongst the cellulosic sorbents, cellulose phosphate exhibited enhanced sorption properties (as high as 3.09–7.03 g/g) against all seven polar organic liquids investigated, and chitosan and chitin also demonstrated comparable sorption efficiencies (2.28–7.72 g/g and 2.55–5.86 g/g, respectively) to those of cellulose phosphate. According to our investigation, the enhanced sorption efficiency could be achieved due to low powder density of cellulose phosphate, which is caused by the weak intramolecular interaction amongst the polymer chains. In addition, cellulose phosphate, chitosan, and chitin also showed enhanced absorbed solvent recovery percents (71.4, 60.6, and 61.1%, respectively, in average) compared with that of pristine cellulose (43.8%). With excellent sorption efficiency, enhanced solvent recovery rate, and reusability after drying, these functionalized cellulosic sorbents can be excellent candidates to replace the conventional carbon and vermiculites-based sorbents, especially for liquid polar organic spill sorption.
Multimodal mitigation: how facial and body cues index politeness in Catalan requests
Authors: Hübscher Iris , Sánchez-Conde Cristina , Borràs-Comes Joan , Vincze Laura , Prieto Pilar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent cross-linguistic research has demonstrated that speakers use a prosodic mitigation strategy when addressing higher status interlocutors by talking more slowly, reducing the intensity and lowering the overall fundamental frequency (F0). Much less is known, however, about how politeness-related meaning is expressed multimodally (i.e., combining verbal and multimodal channels). The present study investigates how Catalan native speakers encode politeness-related meanings through facial and body cues. We test whether speakers apply a gestural mitigation strategy and use specific hedging devices in socially distant situations (e.g., when asking an older person of higher status for a favor). Twenty Catalan speakers were video-recorded while participating in a discourse elicitation task where they were required to produce requests in polite and non-polite contexts. In the resulting recordings, a set of 21 facial and body cues associated with speech were coded and analyzed. The results show that politeness-related meanings are expressed through gestural mitigation strategies that go hand-in-hand with previously reported prosodic mitigation strategies.
NCK1 Modulates Neuronal Actin Dynamics and Promotes Dendritic Spine, Synapse, and Memory Formation
Authors: Diab Antonios M. , Wigerius Michael , Quinn Dylan P. , Qi Jiansong , Shahin Ibrahim , Paffile Julia , Krueger Kavita , Karten Barbara , Krueger Stefan R. , Fawcett James P. 
Published: December 2022

Memory formation and maintenance is a dynamic process involving the modulation of the actin cytoskeleton at synapses. Understanding the signaling pathways that contribute to actin modulation is important for our understanding of synapse formation and function, as well as learning and memory. Here, we focused on the importance of the actin regulator, noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1), in hippocampal dependent behaviors and development. We report that male mice lacking NCK1 have impairments in both short-term and working memory, as well as spatial learning. Additionally, we report sex differences in memory impairment showing that female mice deficient in NCK1 fail at reversal learning in a spatial learning task. We find that NCK1 is expressed in postmitotic neurons but is dispensable for neuronal proliferation and migration in the developing hippocampus. Morphologically, NCK1 is not necessary for overall neuronal dendrite development. However, neurons lacking NCK1 have lower dendritic spine and synapse densitiesin vitroandin vivo. EM analysis reveal increased postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in the hippocampal CA1 region of NCK1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we find the turnover of actin-filaments in dendritic spines is accelerated in neurons that lack NCK1. Together, these findings suggest that NCK1 contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory by stabilizing actin dynamics and dendritic spine formation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding the molecular signaling pathways that contribute to memory formation, maintenance, and elimination will lead to a better understanding of the genetic influences on cognition and cognitive disorders and will direct future therapeutics. Here, we report that the noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1) adaptor protein modulates actin-filament turnover in hippocampal dendritic spines. Mice lacking NCK1 show sex-dependent deficits in hippocampal memory formation tasks, have altered postsynaptic densities, and reduced synaptic density. Together, our work implicates NCK1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and normal synapse development which is essential for memory formation.
Proprioceptive and Visual Feedback Responses in Macaques Exploit Goal Redundancy
Authors: Cross Kevin P. , Guang Hui , Scott Stephen H. 
Published: December 2022

A common problem in motor control concerns how to generate patterns of muscle activity when there are redundant solutions to attain a behavioral goal. Optimal feedback control is a theory that has guided many behavioral studies exploring how the motor system incorporates task redundancy. This theory predicts that kinematic errors that deviate the limb should not be corrected if one can still attain the behavioral goal. Studies in humans demonstrate that the motor system can flexibly integrate visual and proprioceptive feedback of the limb with goal redundancy within 90 ms and 70 ms, respectively. Here, we show monkeys (Macaca mulatta) demonstrate similar abilities to exploit goal redundancy. We trained four male monkeys to reach for a goal that was either a narrow square or a wide, spatially redundant rectangle. Monkeys exhibited greater trial-by-trial variability when reaching to the wide goal consistent with exploiting goal redundancy. On random trials we jumped the visual feedback of the hand and found monkeys corrected for the jump when reaching to the narrow goal and largely ignored the jump when reaching for the wide goal. In a separate set of experiments, we applied mechanical loads to the arm of the monkey and found similar corrective responses based on goal shape. Muscle activity reflecting these different corrective responses were detected for the visual and mechanical perturbations starting at ∼90 and ∼70 ms, respectively. Thus, rapid motor responses in macaques can exploit goal redundancy similar to humans, creating a paradigm to study the neural basis of goal-directed motor action and motor redundancy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMoving in the world requires selecting from an infinite set of possible motor commands. Theories predict that motor commands are selected that exploit redundancies. Corrective responses in humans to either visual or proprioceptive disturbances of the limb can rapidly exploit redundant trajectories to a goal in <100 ms after a disturbance. However, uncovering the neural correlates generating these rapid motor corrections has been hampered by the absence of an animal model. We developed a behavioral paradigm in monkeys that incorporates redundancy in the form of the shape of the goal. Critically, monkeys exhibit corrective responses and timings similar to humans performing the same task. Our paradigm provides a model for investigating the neural correlates of sophisticated rapid motor corrections.
Distinct biogenesis pathways may have led to functional divergence of the human and Drosophila Arglu1 sisRNA
Authors: Chan Seow Neng , Pek Jun Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) are stable, long noncoding RNAs containing intronic sequences. While sisRNAs have been found across diverse species, their level of conservation remains poorly understood. Here we report that the biogenesis and functions of a sisRNA transcribed from the highly conserved Arglu1 locus are distinct in human and Drosophila melanogaster. The Arglu1 genes in both species show similar exon‐intron structures where the intron 2 is orthologous and positionally conserved. In humans, Arglu1 sisRNA retains the entire intron 2 and promotes host gene splicing. Mechanistically, Arglu1 sisRNA represses the splicing‐inhibitory activity of ARGLU1 protein by binding to ARGLU1 protein and promoting its localization to nuclear speckles, away from the Arglu1 gene locus. In contrast, Drosophila dArglu1 sisRNA forms via premature cleavage of intron 2 and represses host gene splicing. This repression occurs through a local accumulation of dARGLU1 protein and inhibition of telescripting by U1 snRNPs at the dArglu1 locus. We propose that distinct biogenesis of positionally conserved Arglu1 sisRNAs in both species may have led to functional divergence.
Could the negative capacitance effect be used in field-effect transistors with a ferroelectric gate?
Authors: Eliseev E. A. , Morozovska A. N. , Yurchenko L. P. , Strikha M. V. 
Published: December 2022

We analyze the electric potential and field, polarization and charge, and differential capacitance of a silicon metal-oxide-ferroelectric field effect transistor (MOSFET), in which a gate insulator consists of thin layers of dielectric SiO2 and weak ferroelectric HfO2. It appeared possible to achieve a quasi-steady-state negative capacitance (NC) of the HfO2 layer, , if the layer thickness is close to the critical thickness of the size-induced ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. However, this effect disappears as the gate voltage increases above a certain critical value, which can be explained by the nonlinearity of the ferroelectric permittivity. The quasi-steady-state NC corresponds to a positive capacitance of the whole system. Implementation of the gate insulator NC, , can open the principal possibility to reduce the MOSFET subthreshold swing below the critical value, and to decrease the gate voltage below the fundamental Boltzmann limit. However, we failed to found the parameters for which is negative in the quasi-steady states; and thus, the negative cannot reduce the subthreshold swing below the fundamental limit. Nevertheless, the increase in , related with , can decrease the swing above the limit, reduce device heating during the operation cycles, and thus contribute to further improvements of MOSFET performances.
Biomasa de rotíferos de dos embalses con diferentes estados tróficos (Antioquia, Colombia) y su relación con algunas variables limnológicas
Authors: Villabona-González Silvia L. , Buitrago-Amariles Robinson F. , Ramírez-Restrepo John J. , Palacio-Baena Jaime A. 
Published: December 2022

Se evaluó la variación de la biomasa de rotíferos en los ejes longitudinal y vertical de la zona fótica de los embalses La Fe y Riogrande II (Antioquia), Colombia, con diferentes estados tróficos, durante los periodos de alta y baja precipitación. Además, se analizó su relación con las variables temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH, transparencia, nutrientes y con la biomasa fitoplanctónica. La biomasa de rotíferos fue dominada por Asplanchna girodi De Geurne 1888, en los dos embalses y fue significativamente mayor en el embalse de menor trofía. Aunque la biomasa de rotíferos no mostró un gradiente longitudinal significativo, sí presentó zonación vertical dentro de la zona fótica, con mayor biomasa en el 10 y 1% de incidencia lumínica. Los patrones de variación de la biomasa total de rotíferos y de las especies dominantes estuvieron determinados principalmente por el ingreso de sólidos suspendidos en el embalse de mayor trofía y por la biomasa y la densidad del fitoplancton en el embalse con menos nutrientes. A diferencia de lo esperado, la biomasa de los rotíferos no fue favorecida por condiciones de mayor estado trófico, ya que el factor preponderante sobre la expresión de biomasa fue la calidad de los recursos alimenticios en cada embalse.
Análisis de los factores asociados a la deserción y graduación estudiantil universitaria
Authors: Castaño Vélez Elkin , Gallón Gómez Santiago , Gómez Portilla Karoll , Vásquez Velásquez Johana 
Published: December 2022

Las altas tasas de deserción y bajas tasas de graduación se han convertido en un asunto de creciente interés para las instituciones de educación superior y las autoridades educativas. A partir de 2003, la Universidad de Antioquia inició un proceso de identificación de los principales factores asociados a dicho fenómeno. En este artículo se presenta el análisis sobre los determinantes de la deserción y graduación en dos de sus facultades, realizado a partir de la aplicación de los modelos de riesgo proporcional de Prentice y Gloeckler (1978) y Meyer (1990), en tiempo discreto. Los resultados confirman el impacto conjunto que tienen los factores individuales, socioeconómicos, académicos e institucionales sobre la deserción y la graduación. Palabras clave: riesgo proporcional, modelo de duración en tiempo discreto, heterogeneidad no observada, censuramiento, deserción y graduación estudiantil. Clasificación JEL: C41, C24, I2. Abstract: High drop-out rates and low graduation rates have become an issue of growing interest for higher education institutions and academic authorities. Since 2003, the University of Antioquia started a process of identification of the main factors associated with this phenomenon. This article presents an analysis of the determinants of drop-out and graduation in two of its schools, carried out by an application of the proportional hazards models of R. Prentice, L. Gloeckler, and B. Meyer set in discrete time. The results confirm the joint impact of individual, socioeconomic, academic, and institutional factors over the risk of dropping out and graduating. Keywords: proportional risk, discrete time duration model, non-observed heterogeneity, censorship, student desertion and graduation. JEL classification: C41, C24, I2. Résumé : Un sujet de préoccupation croissante dans les institutions d’éducation supérieure porte sur le taux élevé de désertion scolaire ainsi que sur le faible taux d’obtention des diplômes. L’Université d’Antioquia a entamé depuis l’année 2003 une étude qui cherche à identifier les principaux éléments associés à ce phénomène. Dans cet article, nous présentons les facteurs qui sont à l’origine de ces deux problèmes au sein des deux unités de formation académiques de cette université. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons deux modèles à risque proportionnel en temps discret, celui de R. Prentice et L. Gloeckler et celui de B. Meyer. Les résultats de cette étude signalent l’impact simultané des facteurs socio-économiques, académiques et institutionnels sur la désertion et sur l’échec scolaire. Mots clés: risque proportionnel, modèles à temps discret, hétérogénéité non observée, désertion scolaire, échec scolaire. Classification JEL: C41, C24, I2.
Biological collections as an element of research infrastructure
Authors: Ruda M. G. 
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the issue of legal regulation of biological collections as an object of research infrastructure. The problems associated with the fixation and delimitation of organizational and legal form of subdivisions of scientific organizations, depending on the functions performed, are also considered. On the basis of analysis of doctrinal provisions the classification of collections is proposed.A comparative analysis of the draft law “On scientific and scientific-technical activity” and normative legal acts regulating the development of research infrastructure in the European Union has been carried out. The necessity of allocating biological resources centers as a separate infrastructure object is explained.
Primary canine and molar relationships in centric occlusion in 3–6-year-old children in Davanagere population: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sreedhara Yashwanth , Nagaveni N. B. , Poornima P  
Published: December 2022

: As a dentist, it is very important to know the occlusal relationship of primary dentition so that any malocclusion in permanent dentition can be predicted at early stages and corrected accordingly by orthodontic treatments. The ideal occlusion and spacing in primary dentition acts as a mirror for the prevalence of malocclusion in the permanent dentition.: The aim of the study was to assess the occlusal relationships between the primary canines and the primary molars and spacings in primary dentition among a group of 3-6-year-old children.: A total of 120 children, comprising of 60 boys and 60 girls aged between 3-6 years irrespective of the race and socioeconomic status were randomly selected. The examination was done using pen light and mouth mirror. The occlusal assessment will be done only on children who are healthy and free from extensive caries that would affect the mesiodistal or occluso-gingival dimension of a tooth and, therefore, influence the occlusal characteristics. The primary molar relationship and the canine relationship will be assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria with the teeth in centric occlusion. Primate space will be measured between primary lateral incisor and canine in the upper and primary canine and deciduous first molar on the lower on both the arches using a digital caliper [0-4 mm]. The obtained data was entered into Microsoft excel and chi-square test will be used for statistical analysis.: The study showed that, on left side, mesial step molar relationship was found in 53.3% boys and 55% girls, whereas on right side, 55% of boys and 51.6% of girls showed mesial step molar relationship. On left side, 77% of boys and 70% of girls showed class I canine relationship. On right side, 73% of boys and 67% of girls showed class I canine relationship. Primate spacings were found in 77% of children in maxilla and 84.7% of mandible.: The in vivo study concluded that, 1. Mesial step molar relationship was the most common Occlusal relationship of primary molars. 2. Class I canine relationship was the most common canine relationship in primary dentition. 3. Maxillary arch showed more percentage of primate spacings than mandibular arch. The early identification of molar and canine relationships and spacing present will help in prediction of future permanent molar relationship and probable future malocclusion.
Flavonoids: A Potent substance in Anti-ulcer and Hepatoprotective Agents
Authors: Chakraborthy G. S. , Pinkal Patel  , Sharma Sachin , Jani Rupal K. , Mandal Snigdha Das 
Published: December 2022

Ever since herbs were used from the ancient ages to treat various diseases in one or the other form of drugs for the betterment of mankind. Due to this usage slowly the verge cam e to a decline or over exploitation which resulted in decrease of production of natural resources. Looking in to the benefits the flora and fauna were rehabilitees in form of tissue culture, co preservation, plantation etc. for the availability in its natural form. Nature is the best chemist, which helps in combatting the aliments and provides the outcomes of it. It is impossible to find any plant, which has no medical use.
Ulcer and liver diseases are at an alarming rate in the developing countries. A number of drugs, which are in the existing medications for peptic ulcer and hepatic diseases, shows a comeback region due to its adverse effects, and drug interactions. Drugs, which consists from the flora, has its importance in the treatment and shows a higher rate of acceptance. Flavonoids are the naturally occurring, low molecular weight molecules seen mostly distributed in the vegetable kingdom and holds an utmost thurst in declining the generation of reactive oxygen species. Secondary compounds like apigenin, sylimarin, genesis, quercetin, kaempherol and catechins has a significance role in these diseases.
Traditional Practices in Relation to Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum Period, and Newborns in Turkey From an Interregional Perspective
Authors: Karaca Sivrikaya Sibel , Türkmen Hülya 
Published: December 2022

AIMThe aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of students on traditional practices related to pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period and the newborn in Turkey and present the geographical regions of Turkey where traditional practices are more common.METHODSThis cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 375 students enrolled at the Midwifery and Nursing Departments of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in the Marmara Region located in northwestern Turkey. The data were collected through a Personal Information Form and a Traditional Beliefs and Practices Form created by the researchers. Means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values, frequencies, and percentages were utilized in the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe mean age of the participants was 20.51 ± 2.44 years, 44.5% of them lived in the Marmara Region of Turkey, and most of their parents were primary school graduates. In this study, it was found that most students were not familiar with traditional practices in relation to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborns in Turkey. It was also ascertained that the beliefs held by the students about pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborns differed across regions. It was found that most students did not know the harmful traditional practices performed for making childbirth easier. Most students were knowledgeable about harmful traditional practices about postpartum. Some of the harmful traditional practices applied to the newborn were determined to be unknown to the students.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, in this study, it was identified that most students were not familiar with traditional practices related to pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period and newborns in Turkey. Before student midwives and nurses have started their careers, they should be informed about traditional beliefs and practices of the society in which they live, and they should be capable of making holistic and comprehensive evaluations. Because of this study, it is recommended that traditional beliefs and practices be included in the curricula of midwifery and nursing schools with particular emphasis on the geographical regions of Turkey.