bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing rhizobacteria to fulfil inter-linked nutrient dependency on soil and alleviate stresses in plants
Authors: Neemisha  , Kumar Arun , Sharma Poonam , Kaur Avneet , Sharma Sandeep , Jain Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant rhizo-microbiome comprises complex microbial communities that colonize at the interphase of plant roots and soil. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere provide important ecosystem services ranging from the release of essential nutrients for enhancing soil quality and improving plant health to imparting protection to plants against rising biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, PGPR serve as restoring agents to rejuvenate soil health and mediate plant fitness in the facet of changing climate. Though it is evident that nutrient availability in soil is managed through inter-linked mechanisms, how PGPR expedite these processes remain less recognized. Promising results of PGPR inoculation on plant growth are continually reported in controlled environmental conditions, however, their field application often fails due to competition with native microbiota and low colonization efficiency in roots. The development of highly efficient and smart bacterial synthetic communities by integrating bacterial ecological and genetic features provides better opportunities for successful inoculant formulations. This review provides an overview of the interplay between nutrient availability and disease suppression governed by rhizobacteria in soil followed by the role of synthetic bacterial communities in developing efficient microbial inoculants. Moreover, an outlook on the beneficial activities of rhizobacteria in modifying soil characteristics to sustainably boost agroecosystem functioning is also provided.
Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae)
Authors: Kondrashev Sergei L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to clarify whether the spectral properties of retinal photoreceptors reflect the features of behaviour of closely related fish species cohabiting shallow marine and fresh waters. The spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors was compared between two smelt species, Hypomesus japonicus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis. The spectral absorption of the visual pigments was measured using microspectrophotometry. In H. japonicus, a mostly marine species, all photoreceptors contained visual pigments based on retinal and were distributed differently in specific retinal areas. The absorbance maxima (λmax) of rods and long‐wave‐sensitive members of double cones throughout the retina amounted to 507 and 573 nm, respectively, but the λmax value of the short‐wave‐sensitive members of double cones and single cones in the temporal hemiretina showed a significant blue shift compared to the nasal hemiretina: 485 vs. 516 nm and 375 vs. 412 nm, respectively, thus enhancing the short‐wave sensitivity of the temporal hemiretina. In H. nipponensis, an euryhaline species, the estimated λmax value of both rods and cones significantly varied between the groups caught in different localities (sea, river or estuary) because of the presence of rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixtures. The long‐wavelength shift in rod and cone photoreceptors was observed because of changes in the chromophore complement in closely related but ecologically different species dwelling in freshened bodies of water. Considering the data available in the literature, several putative common opsin genes have been suggested for species under study.
Effect of using vacutainers with cartoon characters on the pain and fear levels of preschoolers during bloodletting
Authors: Canbulat Şahiner Nejla , Türkmen Ayşe S , Şahin Dilara 
Published: June 2022

AimOur study aims to analyse the effect of using a vacutainer with cartoon characters on preschoolers' pain and fear levels during the bloodletting process.MethodsThe experimental, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with 102 children aged 3–6 years, randomised into control and experimental groups. The bloodletting routine was applied to the control group. The vacutainer of each child in the experimental group was covered with the illustration of their chosen cartoon character and blood was drawn with it. The fear and pain levels during the bloodletting procedure were examined in both groups.ResultsPain and fear levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the experimental group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur research highlighted that using a cartoon character sticker with a vacutainer can reduce preschoolers' pain and fear during bloodletting.
Focused cardiac ultrasound examination in the emergency and critical care horse: Training for non‐specialist veterinarians and evaluation of proficiency
Authors: Eberhardt Christina , Schwarzwald Colin C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFocused cardiac ultrasound examination (FoCUS) is rapidly emerging for point‐of‐care cardiac assessment using hand‐carried ultrasound (HCU) devices. A specific FoCUS protocol for horses and adequate training guidelines currently are not available.HypothesisTo gain knowledge about the training necessary to become proficient in performing FoCUS using a HCU device.AnimalsThree healthy Warmblood horses were used for practical training of veterinarians and veterinary students in equine focused cardiac ultrasound (eFoCUS).MethodsProspective educational study. An eFoCUS protocol and 1‐day training course were developed. Pre‐ and post‐course written tests were administered to participants to evaluate proficiency in knowledge of echocardiography and echocardiographic pathology. A post‐course practical examination involved performing eFoCUS and storage of representative images. Images were evaluated using an image quality score and compared between participants with some practical experience and participants with no practical experience.ResultsParticipants' knowledge of echocardiography increased significantly. Recognition of echocardiographic pathology pre‐course ranged from 40% to 90% (mean score, 65.7%) and post‐course from 85% to 100% (mean score, 92%). Eighteen of 21 participants were proficient in performing eFoCUS with a median image quality score of 79% (range, 42%‐95%). Image quality did not differ between participants with some practical experience compared to participants with no experience.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVeterinarians and veterinary students independent of previous experience can become proficient in performing eFoCUS after completion of a 1‐day training course.
Simplifying the drug provocation test in non‐immediate hypersensitivity reactions to amoxicillin in children: The experience of a tertiary care allergy unit
Authors: Liccioli Giulia , Giovannini Mattia , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Barni Simona , Sarti Lucrezia , Parronchi Paola , Capone Manuela , Tomei Leonardo , Mori Francesca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMild non‐immediate reactions (NIR) to beta‐lactams (βLs) are the most common manifestation of adverse drug reactions in children, and the drug provocation test (DPT) remains the gold standard for diagnosis. However, there are still controversies about the protocol that should be used, especially regarding the administration of doses and the DPT length.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate a pediatric population with a history of mild NIR to amoxicillin (AMX) or to amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (AMX/CL) who underwent a diagnostic workup including a DPT with the culprit drug, to understand if a graded DPT or, instead, a single full dose could be the most appropriate way of administration in clinical practice.MethodsThe data of children were retrospectively analyzed for a 5‐year period, with demographic and clinical characteristics collected. We reported the allergy workup and the results of the DPT performed with the administration of incremental doses and a prolonged DPT at home for a total of 5 days.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐four patients were included. Overall, 23/354 (6.5%) DPTs were positive: 11/23 patients showed a reaction after 2–8 h after the last dose on the 1st or 2nd day (1 reacted 30 min after the last dose), 1/23 reacted with urticaria 30 min after the first dose, 11/23 reacted at home on the 5th day of the DPT.ConclusionThis paper indirectly suggests that a single therapeutic dose administered on the 1st day of a DPT could be safe in the diagnostic workup of mild NIR to AMX/CL. Moreover, this could be less time‐consuming as patients would spend less time in the hospital, also considering the public health restrictions imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Elderly abuse, affecting factors and evaluation of life satisfaction: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yılmaz Muammer , Durmaz Adem , Arıkan İnci 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of abuse and its effect on life satisfaction in older adults living in our region.MethodThis research is a cross‐sectional study. The participants of the study were an elderly population who applied to one ‘family health centre’. The study was completed with the participation of 332 people. The study was carried out between June and July 2021. A questionnaire form, Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS), Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H‐S/EAST), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used in the study.ResultsAccording to the GMS, 16.0% of the participants experience abuse. Psychological abuse (6.92%) was the highest according to the GMS sub‐dimensions. This was followed by physical abuse (6.6%), neglect (1.8%), economic abuse (1.5%), and sexual abuse (1.5%). According to H‐S/EAST, 22.9% of participants experience abuse. The perpetrators of abuse are mostly spouses, children and relatives of the elderly. There is a negative correlation between the H‐S/EAST score and the SWLS score. Uneducated elderly people are exposed to abuse more than primary education graduates. Compared to the elderly living in a nuclear family, more abuse is seen in extended families and those living alone.ConclusionThe fact that the houses in which the elderly live are not physically suitable increases the risk of abuse. Identifying and trying to minimise local risk factors for elder abuse can help reduce the prevalence of abuse. We hope that these data will be a guide for future intervention studies.
Nonlinear Modal Regression for Dependent Data with Application for Predicting Covid-19
Authors: Ullah Aman , Wang Tao , Yao Weixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, under the stationary α-mixing dependent samples, we develop a novel nonlinear modal regression for time series sequences and establish the consistency and asymptotic property of the proposed nonlinear modal estimator with a shrinking bandwidth h under certain regularity conditions. The asymptotic distribution is shown to be identical to the one derived from the independent observations, whereas the convergence rate (nh3 in which n is the sample size) is slower than that in the nonlinear mean regression. We numerically estimate the proposed nonlinear modal regression model by the use of a modified modal expectation–maximization (MEM) algorithm in conjunction with Taylor expansion. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to demonstrate the good finite sample (prediction) performance of the newly proposed model. We also construct a specified nonlinear modal regression to match the available daily new cases and new deaths data of the COVID-19 outbreak at the state/region level in the United States, and provide forward predictions up to 130 days ahead (from 24 August 2020 to 31 December 2020). In comparison to the traditional nonlinear regressions, the suggested model can fit the COVID-19 data better and produce more precise predictions. The prediction results indicate that there are systematic differences in spreading distributions among states/regions. For most western and eastern states, they have many serious COVID-19 burdens compared to Midwest. We hope that the built nonlinear modal regression can help policymakers to implement fast actions to curb the spread of the infection, avoid overburdening the health system and understand the development of COVID-19 from some points.
Unearthing underground predators: The head morphology of larvae of the moth lacewing genus Ithone Newman (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) and its functional and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Li Di , Friedrich Frank , Jandausch Kenny , Pohl Hans , Liu Xingyue , Beutel Rolf G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMoth lacewings (Ithonidae) are a rare group of Neuroptera with an unusual subterranean larval life‐style. We examined external and internal head structures of an older‐instar larva of Ithone Newman with a broad spectrum of techniques. Larval autapomorphies, likely correlated with the subterranean habits, are the compact and shovel‐shaped head, unusually massive mandibular‐maxillary stylets, and a C‐shaped postcephalic body. Other cephalic autapomorphies are the massive X‐shaped tentorium, incurved antennae, and a strongly developed M. verticopharyngalis. The visual organs are distinctly simplified but a single functional stemma on each side of head is retained despite of the subterranean habits. In contrast to previous studies, a well‐developed gular sclerite is present in Ithonidae, possibly a secondary acquisition. A cephalic gland complex and poison channel are present, with an unexpected additional lateral accessory gland and an additional lateral channel. The poison glands and dual channels very clearly indicate that the larvae are predators, contradicting the phytophagous habits formerly postulated. Compared with soil‐inhabiting scarabaeoid beetle larvae, striking differences of head structures are due to different feeding habits and phylogenetic constraints. Morphological similarities like a C‐shaped postcephalic body and strongly developed legs suitable for burrowing in soil are evolutionary parallels associated with the subterranean life‐style in the two non‐related groups. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was carried out with an updated morphological matrix. The results were compared with a phylogeny based on anchored hybrid enrichment data. The evolutionary transformations of selected characters were evaluated using phylogenies estimated from both datasets.
LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 alters the glucan structures at the starch granule surface and thereby influences the action of both starch‐synthesizing and starch‐degrading enzymes
Authors: Singh Aakanksha , Compart Julia , AL‐Rawi Shadha Abduljaleel , Mahto Harendra , Ahmad Abubakar Musa , Fettke Joerg 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYFor starch metabolism to take place correctly, various enzymes and proteins acting on the starch granule surface are crucial. Recently, two non‐catalytic starch‐binding proteins, pivotal for normal starch turnover in Arabidopsis leaves, namely, EARLY STARVATION 1 (ESV1) and its homolog LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 (LESV), have been identified. Both share nearly 38% sequence homology. As ESV1 has been found to influence glucan phosphorylation via two starch‐related dikinases, α‐glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD), through modulating the surface glucan structures of the starch granules and thus affecting starch degradation, we assess the impact of its homolog LESV on starch metabolism. Thus, the 65‐kDa recombinant protein LESV and the 50‐kDa ESV1 were analyzed regarding their influence on the action of GWD and PWD on the surface of the starch granules. We included starches from various sources and additionally assessed the effect of these non‐enzymatic proteins on other starch‐related enzymes, such as starch synthases (SSI and SSIII), starch phosphorylases (PHS1), isoamylase and β‐amylase. The data obtained indicate that starch phosphorylation, hydrolyses and synthesis were affected by LESV and ESV1. Furthermore, incubation with LESV and ESV1 together exerted an additive effect on starch phosphorylation. In addition, a stable alteration of the glucan structures at the starch granule surface following treatment with LESV and ESV1 was observed. Here, we discuss all the observed changes that point to modifications in the glucan structures at the surface of the native starch granules and present a model to explain the existing processes.
Tristes tropicalizações: austeridade fiscal e sua constitucionalização no Brasil
Authors: Duran Camila Villard , Ratton Sanchez Badin Michelle 
Published: June 2022

Desde 2015, políticas de austeridade fiscal e suas regras jurídicas têm sido concebidas e implementadas no Brasil. Esse modelo de gestão, que visa reduzir gastos públicos, não é em si uma novidade na história do país, mas sim a forma e o conteúdo com que foram consagrados na Emenda Constitucional no 95. Neste artigo, descrevemos, primeiramente, as condições que favoreceram a institucionalização dessa ideia econômica. Na sequência, analisamos as particularidades da Emenda, que revelam um processo de tropicalização da austeridade. Entendemos que a tropicalização tende a colocar em risco a democracia constitucional brasileira e a causar prejuízo, notadamente, às políticas sociais. O artigo está dividido em duas seções, para além da introdução e da conclusão. A primeira delas procura descrever o contexto brasileiro da reemergência do discurso de austeridade e a influência de ideias internacionais, via difusão e alinhamento institucional da tecnocracia brasileira com a do Fundo Monetário Internacional. Também exploramos a literatura correspondente no campo da sociologia das profissões. A segunda seção aponta como esse processo legitimador favoreceu a constitucionalização das medidas de consolidação fiscal no Brasil. Analisamos os risco da forma e do conteúdo da Emenda, a partir dos efeitos contraditórios desse grau de adensamento jurídico num país com elevado grau de desigualdade.
O espaço e o tempo do valor
Authors: Harvey David 
Published: June 2022

O artigo discute a lei do valor em Karl Marx como valor em movimento, que se faz valer no espaço e no tempo. Entende-se que o movimento não pode ocorrer no vácuo, sendo necessário abandonar a visão do valor que se move sem estar ancorado em nenhum lugar e passar a enxergá-lo criando geografias de cidades e redes de transportes; formando paisagens agrícolas para a produção de alimentos e matérias-primas; englobando fluxos de pessoas, bens e informações; determinando configurações territoriais de valores fundiários e habilidades de trabalho; organizando espaços de trabalho, estruturas de governo e administração. Conclui-se que há três grandes concepções de tempo e espaço: absoluto, relativo e relacional, as quais são abarcadas simultaneamente no interior da lógica do capital.Palavras-chave: Marx. Capital. Valor. Tempo. Espaço.
Novel Tube Design for Superheater Heat Exchanger Enabled Via Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Singh Vanshika , Babu S. S. , Kirka M. M. , Kulkarni Anand 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Superheater tubes are critical boiler components that operate at relatively higher temperatures and pressure. Amongst the primary concerns for these tubes is the deposition of ash particles on the tube surface, leading to the reduced thickness of the tube due to material corrosion, consequently causing early creep failure of the component. In this research, a novel tube design has been proposed which resembles a teardrop or ogive shape to reduce the drag and concurrently improve the creep life of the superheater tubes. To administer the practicality of novel tubes, metal additive manufacturing (AM), for instance, laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF), has been proposed. These unconventional designs were assessed and compared with the baseline circular tube design for mechanical design requirements (hoop stress and creep life) and the particle and flue gas flow characteristics around the differently shaped tubes. A thermomechanical finite element (FE) analysis was performed for hoop stress calculations. This study also emphasizes on effect of circumferential thermal variation on hoop stress distribution in tubes. Therefore, a detailed two-dimensional (2D) thermal simulation has been performed to report the circumferential thermal variation on the tube. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis coupled with particle tracing was performed for gas flow visualization and particle tracing around the proposed shapes and baseline circular-shaped tube design. The Schlieren optic setup was built and leveraged for qualitative validation of the proposed design. The complete design methodology established in the paper shows teardrop-shaped tubes better in terms of drag and creep life in contrast to the circular-shaped tube.
The Muscle Typology of Elite and World-Class Swimmers
Authors: Bellinger Phillip , Lievens Eline , Kennedy Ben , Rice Hal , Derave Wim , Minahan Clare 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To examine whether the muscle typology of elite and world-class swimmers could discriminate between their best distance event, swimming stroke style, or performance level. Methodology: The muscle carnosine content of 43 male (860 [76] FINA [Fédération Internationale de Natation] points) and 30 female (881 [63] FINA points) swimmers was measured in the soleus and gastrocnemius by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and expressed as a carnosine aggregate Z score (CAZ score) to estimate muscle typology. A higher CAZ score is associated with a higher estimated proportion of type II fibers. Swimmers were categorized by their best stroke, distance category (sprinters, 50–100 m; middle distance, 200–400 m; or long distance, 800 m–open water), and performance level (world-class, world top 10, or elite and world top 100 swimmers outside of the world top 10). Results: There was no significant difference in the CAZ score of sprint- (−0.08 [0.55]), middle- (−0.17 [0.70]), or long-distance swimmers (−0.30 [0.75], P = .693). World-class sprint swimmers (all strokes included) had a significantly higher CAZ score (0.37 [0.70]) when compared to elite sprint swimmers (−0.25 [0.61], P = .024, d = 0.94). Breaststroke swimmers (0.69 [0.73]) had a significantly higher CAZ score compared to freestyle (−0.24 [0.54], P < .001, d = 1.46), backstroke (−0.16 [0.47], P = .006, d = 1.42), and butterfly swimmers (−0.39 [0.53], P < .001, d = 1.70). Furthermore, within the cohort of breaststroke swimmers, there was a significant positive correlation between FINA points and CAZ score (r = .728, P = .011); however, this association was not evident in other strokes. Conclusion: While there was no clear association between muscle typology and event distance specialization, world-class sprint swimmers possess a greater estimated proportion of type II fibers compared to elite sprint swimmers, as well as breaststroke swimmers compared to freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly swimmers.
Static and Dynamic Testing of a Nonlinear Molecular Spring of Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Nie Gaofa , Lin Yuanling , Miao Xuhong , Tang Yuhang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper explains a concept of a vehicle molecular spring suspension whose stiffness in middle stage can be as low as 13 N/mm. The design of this suspension spring on the basis of a hydrophobic nanoporous material is introduced. The test methods of determining the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the novel suspension spring are described. The rationality of experimental design and the accuracy of theoretical analysis is proved by the negligible error between experimental results and theoretical analysis. The vibration isolation test results show that the natural frequency of the suspension can be as low as 1.06 Hz.