bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
131 Ejaculation Profiles in Men after Irreversible Electroporation for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martinez J Flores , Benfante N , Chen L , Ehdaie B , Mulhall JP 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is an evolving strategy for the management of localized prostate cancer. Little data exists on sexual function, in particular ejaculation, in such patients.

Objective
We aimed to report the ejaculatory function in patients undergoing IRE.

Methods
Patients undergoing IRE with ≥1-year follow-up were evaluated. These patients were selected for focal therapy and consented to participate in a prospective registry. Eligibility criteria: Gleason score 3+4, PSA &lt;20, no evidence of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion or lymph node involvement on standard imaging. The Gleason score 3+4 prostate cancer was allowed up to a maximum of two adjacent sextants within the prostate gland. Concomitant Gleason score 6 was untreated and monitored on active surveillance. They completed the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire ejaculation domain short form (MSHQ-EFD-SF) at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-IRE. This questionnaire has 4 questions: 3 questions sum scores (range 1-15), where lower scores indicate worse ejaculatory function, and the MSHQ-Bother question score (ranges 0-5), with higher scores indicating higher bother associated with ejaculatory difficulties. Comorbidities, demographics, and pathology parameters were recorded.

Results
20 men have been evaluated to date with a mean age of 64.3 ± 4.8 years. Baseline testosterone and PSA were 536.3 ± 267.6 ng/dL and 6.2 ± 2.7 ng/mL. Mean prostate volume was 45.6 ± 11.9 cc. Median baseline score of MSHQ-EJD-SF was 13.5 (IQR 10, 14), and post-procedure median scores were 11 at 6 weeks; 12.5 at 3 months; 12 at 6 months; and 11.5 at 12 months (p-value =0.036). Scores for ejaculation strength and seminal volume ejaculated decreased significantly, and bother scores increased significantly between baseline and 1-year post-IRE. The ability to ejaculate during sexual activity did not change over time.

Conclusions
In our cohort of patients with prostate cancer who underwent IRE there was a significant difference in ejaculatory profiles between baseline and 1-year post-IRE.

Disclosure
No
141 Association of Poly-tobacco Use with Erectile Dysfunction: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Authors: Raheem O , Shah T , Morenas R , El-Shahawy O 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The tobacco use landscape has shifted over time to include two or more tobacco products (i.e. "poly-tobacco" use). Tobacco smoking remains independently associated with erectile dysfunction (ED); however, data on the patterns of multiple tobacco products use on men's sexual health, including ED, are limited.

Objective
We sought to systematically evaluate the effects of poly-tobacco use on ED using nationally representative data.

Methods
Data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey wave 4 (December 2016- January 2018) was examined. Those who responded, “sometimes or never” to the question “Ability to get and keep an erection adequate for satisfactory intercourse?” were classified as having ED. Tobacco users were classified as mono-, poly- and non- users based on the past 30-day tobacco products use. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify association of tobacco use with ED among a restricted sample that included only men aged 20-65 who did not report any prior cardiovascular diagnosis. We adjusted for several covariates including sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes, body mass index, mental health status, and physical exercise.

Results
Included in the study were adult males, aged 20-65 years or older, who responded to the question assessing ED between December 2016 to January 2018 (N=8,651). Among the study population, 19.5% participants were mono-tobacco users and 16.1% were poly-tobacco users. The proportion of ED for the sample population was 8.2%; prevalence among mono-tobacco users was 1.7% and poly-tobacco users was 1.4%. Compared to non-users, current poly-tobacco users were more likely (adjusted OR (aOR)= 1.43; 95% CI=0.99, 2.07;p&lt;0.05) to report having ED.

Conclusions
With the shift in the landscape of tobacco products that is associated with increasing prevalence of poly-tobacco products use, adult men and clinicians should be aware of its potential impact. Future studies should evaluate the longitudinal effect of multiple tobacco and tobacco use trajectories on the development of ED among adult men.

Disclosure
No
144 Analyzing the Impact of Diabetes on Erectile Function Recovery After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Martinez J Flores , Jenkins LC , Benfante N , Nelson CJ , Schofield E , Mulhall JP 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetes (DM) is a known risk factor for ED. The impact of DM on erectile function recovery (EFR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is poorly understood.

Objective
We aimed to assess the impact of DM on the EFR after RP.

Methods
Men who had RP with ≥2 years follow-up constituted the study population. EFR was assessed using International Index of Erectile Function, Erectile Function Domain (EFD) score pre-RP and at 2 years post RP. ADT and radiation therapy before or after RP were exclusions. Demographics, comorbidities, pathological parameters were recorded. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression assessments to evaluate predictive factors, including DM, patient age, nerve sparing status (NSS) scored between 1 (preserved) to 4 (resected) for each side, and comorbidity profile, associated with poor EFR post-RP.

Results
2024 men were included. Mean age at RP was 61.3±7.1 years. Median baseline and 2-year EFD scores were 27 (IQR = 19-30), and 13 (IQR = 5-25). 10% had DM with a mean pre-RP hemoglobin A1c of 6.6±1.3%. 44% had hypertension, 51% dyslipidemia, 14.5% obstructive sleep apnea, 5% history of coronary artery disease, 8% were current and 34% former smokers. 38% reported two or more comorbidities pre-RP. Median Gleason sum was 7. Nerves were preserved bilaterally in 77% and unilaterally in 16%. Median NS score was 3 (IQR 2-4). Median EFD scores at 2 years with and without DM were 7 (IQR 3-16), and 14 (IQR 5-25), respectively (p&lt;0.001). At 2 years, in men with and without DM, the proportion with EFD ≥24 was 14% and 32% and EFD ≤10 was 63% and 42% respectively.

Conclusions
In our cohort, DM was a significant predictor of lower EFR at 2 years post-RP.

Disclosure
No
147 Critical Underdiagnosis and Undertreatment of Sexual Health Issues in Male Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Santamaria A , Modiri N , Yoffe DA , Shahinyan R , Jayadevan R , Islam M , Eleswarapu S , Mills J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) often endure a worse quality of life (QOL) than the general population. As a result of improved outcomes with kidney transplants, it has become increasingly important to address QOL. Sexual function is one such QOL domain in which kidney transplant (KT) patients are particularly affected by.

Objective
This study aims to elucidate the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of sexual health issues in male KT recipients, as well as the treatment profile for erectile dysfunction (ED) in these patients.

Methods
With IRB approval we retrospectively reviewed the charts of men age 18 and older who received a KT between January 2016 and February 2020 at an academic institute. We sought to identify those with a diagnosis of ED, low or decreased libido, hypogonadism, ejaculatory dysfunction, Peyronie's disease (PD), or male factor subfertility. Next, for those with a diagnosis of ED, information regarding time of initial diagnosis of ED, time when treatment was started, treatment profile and adverse events were documented. Causes of ESRD were obtained, but not controlled for.

Results
A total of 35 men were diagnosed with some form of sexual dysfunction, which represents 4.2% of the 833 men aged 18+ years who received a KT during this time. Seventy-one percent of men had a diagnosis of ED, 17.1% had ED and hypogonadism, 2.9% had ED and low libido, 8.6% had hypogonadism alone, and there were no diagnosis of ejaculatory dysfunction, PD, or infertility. Seventy-five percent of men with a diagnosis of ED were treated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), 25% with intracavernosal injections (ICI), 3.1% with intraurethral (IU) suppositories, and 9.4% with a penile prosthesis (PP). No severe medical or surgical adverse events were noted. Of those with ED, 87.5% were diagnosed prior to their transplant surgery and only 62.5% received any treatment prior to it.

Conclusions
In this study we show that a small fraction of men who received a KT had a diagnosis of a sexual health issue. This is in spite of the known high prevalence of ED in ESRD patients that can be as high as 75%, with up to a 10-20% improvement of ED with transplant alone. Furthermore, we note that KT recipients with ED are treated similarly to the general population and have a similar side effect profile, however, a significant number of patients do not receive treatment until after their transplant.

Disclosure
No
(In)Sights from Àwòrán: Yorùbá Epistemologies and the Limits of Cartesian Vision in Teju Cole’s Open City
Authors: Inyang Utitofon Ebong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTeju Cole’s Open City is often read as the quintessential Western cosmopolitan novel. But despite the protagonist’s fixation with European aestheticism, the presence of African antecedents looms almost as an unacknowledged shadow in the acclaimed cosmopolitan novel. This article traces how Yorùbá visual registers about perception, subjectivity, and representation provide interpretative cues for understanding the meta-text of Cole’s novel in ways that illuminate the conflicted, contradictory itineraries of the postcolonial African transnational figure. I argue that Yorùbá conceptual registers relating to visuality, especially the concept of Àwòrán and its insistence on intersubjective relations and the visual call of images, highlight a visual hermeneutics that inflect the construction of personhood in Open City. By tracing the centrality of Yorùbá optic codes to Cole’s project, the article concludes that the novel’s philosophically dense conversation with aspects of Yorùbá culture demonstrates how conceptual registers from African cultures might contour Afro-diasporic texts.
Shades of faith: the phenomenon of doubt in early Christianity
Authors: Schliesser Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract‘Faith’ (pistis) is a key term in early Christianity. It not only describes the self-understanding of an individual Christ-follower, but also operates as the social marker of the Christ-groups. Rather than adding to the renaissance of studies on faith in recent years, this article seeks to illuminate what faith is by focusing on the phenomenon of doubt, broadly understood. After some linguistic reflections, the article identifies six basic types of doubt in early Christian writings and then compiles eighteen coping strategies and patterns of resilience reflected in the most prominent texts. The article is not an attempt at systematizing early Christian reflections on doubt but is rather a cornucopia of insights into how the first Christian theologians talked about doubt, dealt with it, and tried to overcome it.
An exploration of the views of staff on cultural aspects of end-of-life care in Japanese long-term care facilities: a qualitative study
Authors: Iida Kieko , Ryan Assumpta , Hasson Felicity , Payne Sheila , McIlfatrick Sonja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong-term care facilities are increasingly important places for palliative and end-of-life care provision in Japan. While the importance of culture has been noted for palliative and end-of-life care, an exploration of its influence on care provision in long-term care settings has received little direct attention in Japan. Exploring staff views and beliefs in palliative and end-of-life care in these settings can potentially enhance our understanding of culturally oriented care and facilitate the development of tailored and more effective support practices. This study aimed to explore the cultural views and beliefs regarding palliative and end-of-life care among the staff in Japanese long-term care facilities. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using focus groups with facility staff (N = 71) and semi-structured interviews with facility managers (N = 10) in the Kanto region of Japan. Thematic analysis was conducted according to Braun and Clarke's approach. The findings are presented in five key themes: ‘Changes in society's and family's end-of-life perspectives’, ‘Values and beliefs regarding death and dying’, ‘Anxiety and regret’, ‘Tensions in doing the right thing’ and ‘Ways of alleviating pressure’. The findings indicate that the provision of palliative and end-of-life care is underpinned by cultural nuances that influence care providers' approach and delivery. Recognising and understanding the cultural beliefs of staff around death, dying and end-of-life care are important in meeting the needs of residents. Palliative care education for staff in these settings should include cultural considerations that reflect changing societal views on death and dying.
A sectoral approach to measuring output gap: Evidence from 20 US Sectors over 1948−2020
Authors: Tercioglu Remzi Baris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe existing output gap measures for the US economy rely on aggregate data and assume a constant output gap over sectors (see Coibion et al. [(2018) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 333–441] and Owyang et al. [(2018) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 297–316]); however, each sector has its cycle, which does not necessarily match the business cycle (Burns and Mitchell [(1946) National Bureau of Economic Research]). By modeling sectoral cycles based on their investment cycles with a nonparametric method, I estimate output gaps of 20 US sectors over 1948–2020. The weighted mean output gap indicates a persistent spare capacity in the last business cycle, pointing to insufficient stabilization policies behind secular stagnation. Phillips curve estimations with the weighted quartiles of sectoral output gaps show that the output gap of bottleneck sectors (weighted Q3) is correlated strongly with inflation over 1950–2020. Policymakers can track bottleneck sectors to mitigate inflationary pressures while supporting the sectors with negative output gaps to stabilize the output at its potential. My findings show that it is possible to produce more output by sector-level demand supporting policies without generating inflation.
Theorizing Trauma and Music in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Meinhart Michelle , Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: April 2022

Investigations of how people have used music to represent, perform, enact and cope with trauma have proliferated in the last decade, although these have often focused on post-World War II musicians and musical phenomena. This work has engaged various methodologies and drawn on myriad bodies of trauma theory in order to better understand the relationships between music and trauma for Holocaust survivors, Cold War- and glasnost-era Eastern European musicians and civilians and soldiers in Iraq. However, despite the growing interest in trauma within music scholarship, scant attention has been paid to relationships between musical phenomena and trauma prior to World War II. And yet, the wars, revolutions, forced displacement, slavery and imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries make these years some of the most violent in the histories of modern Europe and the Americas, and thus some of the most important to address when asking questions regarding relationships between music and trauma.In this special issue's introductory essay, we consider why pre-twentieth century musicians and repertoires have historically not been addressed in scholarly literature. In so doing, we outline the aims of the issue; review relevant literature in musicology and trauma studies; discuss the benefits and challenges of applying trauma theory to nineteenth-century music and musicians and provide readers with information on this special issue's collaborative history. Although giving readers a fleshed-out overview of trauma studies from the nineteenth century to present is outside the scope of this article, this introduction nevertheless provides enough background on the status and main ideas of trauma research from the mid-nineteenth century to present day to facilitate comprehension of how the research showcased in this special issue relates to social, historical and political conceptions of trauma.
Modeling and electromagnetic analysis of typical environmental clutter based on SMCG
Authors: Li Zhenhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the research of the natural ecological environment, environmental scattering is an important research content whose results are widely used. In order to fully study the relevant characteristics of the natural grassland environment, this paper established a grassland broadband clutter model, summarized the dominant and recessive laws of the grassland environment broadband clutter, and provided a new perspective for related environmental monitoring which would be helpful to solve the problem of target detection in complex environments. The main work of this paper is as follows: The dielectric constant model of the grass was established, and the curve of the dielectric constant with frequency was obtained. The Monte Carlo method combined with the Gaussian spectrum function was used to generate a two-dimensional Gaussian surface to simulate the actual grass surface. A broadband clutter model was established, and, considering the calculation efficiency and accuracy, the Sparse Matrix/Canonical Grid (SMCG) was used to calculate the surface scattering coefficient. Then, the environmental clutter amplitude with different radar bandwidth (10, 40, 80 MHz), surface roughness (h = 0.1 m, h = 0.2 m, h = 0.4 m) and grazing angle (30°, 60°) were calculated and the probability density function (PDF) was obtained. The results show that the higher the radar resolution, the larger the incident angle, and the rougher the interface, all of which will cause the tail of the PDF to become longer which will not only reduce the detection probability of the radar, but also the tracking accuracy. The research results can be used for civilian and military field.
Impact of Proxies and Prior Estimates on Data Assimilation Using Isotope Ratios for the Climate Reconstruction of the Last Millennium
Authors: Shoji Satoru , Okazaki Atsushi , Yoshimura Kei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate reconstructions by data assimilation need to accommodate for sensitivities to proxies and prior estimates because models are uncertain and proxies are spatiotemporally limited. This study examines these sensitivities using multiple climate model simulations and different combinations of proxies (i.e., corals, ice cores, and tree‐ring cellulose). Experiments were conducted using an offline data assimilation approach; the results showed annual variations in the global distribution of surface air temperature and precipitation amount from 850 to 2000. Standard deviations of surface air temperature and precipitation amount during the entire period differed by up to 36% due to prior estimates. Experiments with different types of proxies showed that the El Niño‐like distribution of positive anomalies in the central to eastern tropical Pacific may only be adequately reproduced in experiments with corals, and not experiments without corals. The correlation coefficient of the NINO.3 index from 1971 to 2000 between experiments with corals and the Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55) was 0.81 at maximum. By contrast, the correlation coefficient between experiments without corals and JRA‐55 was a maximum of 0.19.
Increased Risk of Extreme Precipitation Over an Urban Agglomeration With Future Global Warming
Authors: Doan Quang‐Van , Chen Fei , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Dipankar Anurag , Khan Ansar , Hamdi Rafiq , Roth Matthias , Niyogi Dev 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the response of extreme precipitation (EP) at a city scale to global warming is critical to reducing the respective risk of urban flooding. Yet, current knowledge on this issue is limited. Here, focusing on an urban agglomeration in the tropics, Singapore, we reveal that future global warming enhances both frequency and intensity of EP, based on simulations with a state‐of‐the‐art convection‐permitting regional climate model. EP intensification can reach maximum “super” Clausius‐Clapeyron rate (+7% per K warming) rate, implying a “new normal” of “extreme events get more extreme,” which is consistently for both Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 and 4.5. The intensification is lower for moderate and light precipitation. Also, global warming was found to dampen the urban effect on EP events. The EP enhancement is attributed to the increased atmospheric moisture and convective inhibition due to enhanced low‐level stratification that delays a convection to develop until it becomes more intense.
Projecting the Suicide Burden of Climate Change in the United States
Authors: Belova Anna , Gould Caitlin A. , Munson Kate , Howell Madison , Trevisan Claire , Obradovich Nick , Martinich Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe quantify and monetize changes in suicide incidence across the conterminous United States (U.S.) in response to increasing levels of warming. We develop an integrated health impact assessment model using binned and linear specifications of temperature‐suicide relationship estimates from Mullins and White (2019), in combination with monthly age‐ and sex‐specific baseline suicide incidence rates, projections of six climate models, and population projections at the conterminous U.S. county scale. We evaluate the difference in the annual number of suicides in the U.S. corresponding to 1–6°C of warming compared to 1986–2005 average temperatures (mean U.S. temperatures) and compute 2015 population attributable fractions (PAFs). We use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Value of a Statistical Life to estimate the economic value of avoiding these mortality impacts. Assuming the 2015 population size, warming of 1–6°C could result in an annual increase of 283–1,660 additional suicide cases, corresponding to a PAF of 0.7%–4.1%. The annual economic value of avoiding these impacts is $2 billion–$3 billion (2015 U.S. dollars, 3% discount rate, and 2015 income level). Estimates based on linear temperature‐suicide relationship specifications are 7% larger than those based on binned temperature specifications. Accounting for displacement decreases estimates by 17%, while accounting for precipitation decreases estimates by 7%. Population growth between 2015 and the future warming degree arrival year increases estimates by 15%–38%. Further research is needed to quantify and monetize other climate‐related mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety and depression) and to characterize these risks in socially vulnerable populations.