bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Characteristics of von Willebrand Factor Binding with Platelet Glycoprotein Ibɑ Mutants at Residue 233 Causing Various Biological Functions
Authors: Nakayama Masamitsu , Goto Shinichi , Goto Shinya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlycoprotein (GP: HIS1-PRO265) Ibɑ is a receptor protein expressed on the surface of the platelet. Its N-terminus domain binds with the A1 domain (ASP1269-PRO1472) of its ligand protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and plays a unique role in platelet adhesion under blood flow conditions. Single amino acid substitutions at residue 233 from glycine (G) to alanine (A), aspartic acid (D), or valine (V) are known to cause biochemically distinct functional alterations known as equal, loss, and gain of function, respectively. However, the underlying physical characteristics of VWF binding with GPIbɑ in wild-type and the three mutants exerting different biological functions are unclear. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis: biological characteristics of macromolecules are influenced by small changes in physical parameters. The position coordinates and velocity vectors of all atoms and water molecules constructing the wild-type and the three mutants of GPIbɑ (G233A, G233D, and G233V) bound with VWF were calculated every 2 × 10−15 seconds using the CHARMM (Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics) force field for 9 × 10−10 seconds. Six salt bridges were detected for longer than 50% of the calculation period for the wild-type model generating noncovalent binding energy of −1096 ± 137.6 kcal/mol. In contrast, only four pairs of salt bridges were observed in G233D mutant with noncovalent binding energy of −865 ± 139 kcal/mol. For G233A and G233V, there were six and five pairs of salt bridges generating −929.8 ± 88.5 and −989.9 ± 94.0 kcal/mol of noncovalent binding energy, respectively. Our molecular dynamic simulation showing a lower probability of salt bridge formation with less noncovalent binding energy in VWF binding with the biologically loss of function G233D mutant of GPIbɑ as compared with wild-type, equal function, and gain of function mutant suggests that biological functions of macromolecules such as GPIbɑ are influenced by their small changes in physical characteristics.
Nucleophilic Selenocyanation from Selenium Dioxide and Malononitrile
Authors: Redon Sébastien , Vanelle Patrice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe first nucleophilic selenocyanation from selenium dioxide and malononitrile is described. This methodology produced a wide variety of selenocyanates from halides in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions, highlighting the versatility and usefulness of this new source of nucleophilic selenocyanation.
Unexpected Pyridinyl Group Mediated Metal-Free Wacker-Type Oxidation en Route to Pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ium Salts
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Shi Dong , Zeng Tao , Lei Xin , Wu Xiaotong , Li Mansirun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA two-step approach to rapidly access a diverse array of pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ium salts from 2-pyridinylstyrenes through an unprecedented pyridinyl group mediated metal-free Wacker-type oxidation and an acid-mediated cyclization has been developed. As a part of the mechanistic investigation of this novel Wacker-type oxidation, the abnormal instability and reactivity of the pyrido[2,1-a]isoindole intermediates were studied through DFT calculations.
Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive
Patients in Primary Care
Authors: Asbach Evelyn , Kellnar Antonia , Bekeran Margareta , Schelling Jörg , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reincke Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) represents the most frequent cause of
endocrine arterial hypertension. PA is also common in patients with mild forms
of hypertension and normokalemia.
Objective To identify the prevalence of PA in newly diagnosed hypertensive
patients in primary care in Southern Germany.
Patients and methods Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in 27 primary
care centers in Munich agreed to participate in the study. Patients were
screened for PA using the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). In case of elevated
ARR, confirmation testing was performed. After the diagnosis of PA, subtype
differentiation and subsequent therapy of PA were initiated.
Results A total of 235 patients with newly discovered arterial
hypertension were initially screened for PA. Among these, 35 were excluded
because the medication indicated pre-existing treated arterial hypertension or
they were on interfering antihypertensive medication. At the first screening,
2.0% of the patients had hypokalemia. Of the 200 patients with newly
discovered arterial hypertension, 42 had an elevated ARR. The incidence of the
presence of hypokalemia did not differ according to normal or pathological ARR.
Nine patients (21%) did not show up for further testing and were lost to
follow-up, and 33 patients underwent a saline infusion test. Of these, 11
patients were diagnosed with PA, leading to at least 5.5% prevalence of
PA in the collective. None of the diagnosed PA patients was hypokalemic at
screening.
Conclusion A 5.5% prevalence of PA was observed in our data of
untreated newly diagnosed patients with hypertension.
Cervical Cerclage vs. Pessary in Women with a Short Cervix on Ultrasound
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Psarris Alexandros , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Theodora Marianna , Papapanagiotou Aggeliki , Rodolakis Alexandros , Daskalakis Georgios 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose In the present study we sought to compare the efficacy of cervical pessary to that of cerclage in terms of reducing preterm birth rates among women with a short (<25 mm) or ultra-short (<15 and <10 mm) cervix during the ultrasonographic second-trimester assessment.
Method We retrospectively searched the hospital records for singleton pregnancies diagnosed with cervical insufficiency during the second trimester of pregnancy. The McDonald cerclage using a 5mm Mersilene tape was used in all women. An Arabin pessary was used uniformly. In all cases 80 mg of vaginal progesterone gel were administered daily until 37 weeks of gestation.
Results Overall, 294 women (124 (42.2%) with a McDonald cerclage and 170 (57.8%) with placement of an Arabin pessary) were selected for analysis. Preterm birth rates <37 weeks were similar in both groups (C: 30/122 vs. P: 35:165, p=.581) as well as PTB <34 weeks (C: 16/122 vs. 15/150, p=.278). Admission to the NICU and need for CPAP were more prevalent in the cerclage group (p<.001). Analysis of cases with a cervix <15 mm and <10 mm indicated that preterm birth rates remained equal among the groups, while an increased risk of NICU admission was seen in cases with a cervical length <10 mm that were treated with cerclage.
Discussion and Conclusion Cervical pessary may be an alternative to cervical cerclage for women with second-trimester cervical shortening and its effect may persist even among cases with an ultra-short cervix. Future randomized trials are needed to ascertain these findings.
A Qualitative Description of Clinician Free-Text Rationales Entered within Accountable Justification Interventions
Authors: Brown Tiffany , Zelch Brittany , Lee Ji Young , Doctor Jason N. , Linder Jeffrey A. , Sullivan Mark D. , Goldstein Noah J. , Rowe Theresa A. , Meeker Daniella , Knight Tara , Friedberg Mark W. , Persell Stephen D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Requiring accountable justifications—visible, clinician-recorded explanations for not following a clinical decision support (CDS) alert—has been used to steer clinicians away from potentially guideline-discordant decisions. Understanding themes from justifications across clinical content areas may reveal how clinicians rationalize decisions and could help inform CDS alerts.
Methods We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the free-text justifications entered by primary care physicians from three pilot interventions designed to reduce opioid prescribing and, in older adults, high-risk polypharmacy and overtesting. Clinicians encountered alerts when triggering conditions were met within the chart. Clinicians were asked to change their course of action or enter a justification for the action that would be displayed in the chart. We extracted all justifications and grouped justifications with common themes. Two authors independently coded each justification and resolved differences via discussion. Three physicians used a modified Delphi technique to rate the clinical appropriateness of the justifications.
Results There were 560 justifications from 50 unique clinicians. We grouped these into three main themes used to justify an action: (1) report of a particular diagnosis or symptom (e.g., for “anxiety” or “acute pain”); (2) provision of further contextual details about the clinical case (e.g., tried and failed alternatives, short-term supply, or chronic medication); and (3) noting communication between clinician and patient (e.g., “risks and benefits discussed”). Most accountable justifications (65%) were of uncertain clinical appropriateness.
Conclusion Most justifications clinicians entered across three separate clinical content areas fit within a small number of themes, and these common rationales may aid in the design of effective accountable justification interventions. Justifications varied in terms of level of clinical detail. On their own, most justifications did not clearly represent appropriate clinical decision making.
Structure formation in the effective field theory of holographic dark energy
Authors: Ganz Alexander , Lin Chunshan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the structure formation in the effective field theory (EFT) of the holographic dark energy. The equation of motion for the energy contrast δ
m of the cold dark matter is the same as the one in the general relativity up to the leading order in the small scale limit, provided the equation of state is quintessence-like. Our EFT breaks down while the equation of state becomes phantom-like. By imposing additional constraints by hand at the Hamiltonian level the unstable scalar graviton can be eliminated solving the instability problem without changing the background evolution. In this case depending on the form of the constraint the effective gravitational constant can be modified and the dust component can obtain a non-vanishing sound speed.
Influence of CO2-laser pulse parameters on 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet emission features from irradiated liquid tin target
Authors: Zakharov Vasily S , Wang Xinbing , Zakharov Sergey V , Zuo Duluo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A laser-produced plasma excited by CO2 laser pulses with various durations and energies on liquid tin droplets with diameters of 150 μm and 180 μm is considered. A two-dimensional radiative-magnetohydrodynamic code is used for numerical simulations of multicharged ion plasma radiation and dynamics. The code permits to understand the plasma dynamics self-consistent with radiation transport in non-local equilibrium multicharged ion plasma. Results of simulations for various laser pulse durations and 75 ÷ 600 mJ pulse energies with both Gaussian and experimentally taken temporal profiles are discussed. It is found that if the mass of the target is big enough to provide the plasma flux required (the considered case) a kind of dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux is formed. In this dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux, an interlayer of relatively cold tin vapor with mass density of 1 ÷ 2 g cm−3 is formed between the liquid tin droplet and low density plasma of the critical layer. Expanding of the tin vapor from the droplet provides the plasma flux to the critical layer. In critical layer the plasma is heated up and expands faster. In the simulation results with spherical liquid tin target, the conversion efficiency into 2π is of 4% for 30 ns full width half maximum (FWHM) and just slightly lower—of 3.67% for 240 ns FWHM for equal laser intensities of 14 GW cm−2. This slight decay of the in-band extreme ultraviolet (EUV) yield with laser pulse duration is conditioned by an increasing of radiation re-absorption by expanding plasma from the target, as more cold plasma is produced with longer pulse. The calculated angular distributions of in-band EUV emission permit to optimize a collector configuration.
On the operational quantity for eye lens neutron dosimetry considering ICRU 95 report
Authors: Djeffal Salah , Dubeau Jacques , Sun Jiansheng , Ali Fawaz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For planned occupational exposure situations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20 mSv yr−1 averaged over 5 yr with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. Regulatory authorities of various jurisdictions worldwide followed some or all, of the ICRP recommendations and implemented reduced occupational lens of eye dose limits in their legislation. As compliance with the eye-lens dose limit will be based on the summation of doses received from all types of radiation, applicable to a variety of workplaces, the contribution of neutrons to eye lens dose will be important where it contributes a significant fraction of the total dose to the eye lens. This work presents and discusses computed personal absorbed dose (D
lens/Φ), and personal dose equivalent (H
p(3)/Φ) as well as a newly proposed relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted absorbed dose (RBE × D
lens/Φ) conversion coefficients for the lens of the eye for neutron exposure at incident energies from thermal to ∼20 MeV. The D
lens/Φ coefficients were obtained from a simulation model developed for this study that contains the stylised eye model embedded in the adult UF-ORNL mathematical phantom. The modelling techniques used in these simulations were also used to calculate H
p(3)/Φ for the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) slab and cylinder phantoms. All simulations carried out for this study utilised the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) series of codes. The results are compared with the related published data. The issue of compliance with the current equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye is addressed from a neutron perspective considering the recent proposed redefinition of the operational quantities for external radiation exposure in ICRU report 95. The use of a radiation weighted absorbed dose (RBE × D
lens, in Gy) is proposed for the tissue reactions in the eye-lens for neutron radiation as per the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report 180, and in line with the recent review and revision of the System of Radiological Protection To Keeping the ICRP Recommendations Fit for Purpose, which states that RBE weighted dose should be used for high-Linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as neutrons. This confirms the earlier statement in ICRP publication 92, paragraph 297 and reiterated in the Executive summary, paragraph (q) of ICRP publication 118. The proposed approach would provide an operational quantity consistent with the units of the new eye-lens dose limits without being overly conservative.
Using the optically stimulated luminescence technique for one- and two-dimensional dose mapping: a brief review
Authors: Gasparian Patricia B R , Malthez Anna Luiza Metidieri Cruz , Campos Letícia L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In respect of radiation dosimetry, several applications require dose distribution verification rather than absolute dosimetry. Most protocols use radiological and radiochromic films and ionization chambers or diode arrays for dose mapping. The films are disposable which causes the precision of the results dependent on film production variability. The measurements with arrays of ionization chambers or diodes mainly lack spatial resolution. This review aims to provide an overview of the use of optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) dose mapping in different applications. It reviews the ideas, OSL materials, and applications related to the assessment of dose distribution using OSLDs in the form of film or ceramic plate (BeO). Additionally, it reviews research published in the international scientific literature from 1998 to 2021. As an outcome, a table containing the main characteristics of each relevant paper is shown. The results section was divided by the type of OSL material, and we briefly described the principal findings and the significant developments of each mentioned study such as film production and OSL reader assembly. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of the main findings of several research groups on the use of OSLD in the form of film or plate for 1D and 2D dose mapping. Finally, the potential future development of dose mapping using OSLD films was outlined.
Multi3: multi-templates siamese network with multi-peaks detection and multi-features refinement for target tracking in ultrasound image sequences
Authors: Wang Yifan , Fu Tianyu , Wang Yan , Xiao Deqiang , Lin Yucong , Fan Jingfan , Song Hong , Liu Fangyi , Yang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Radiation therapy requires a precise target location. However, respiratory motion increases the uncertainties of the target location. Accurate and robust tracking is significant for improving operation accuracy. Approach. In this work, we propose a tracking framework Multi3, including a multi-templates Siamese network, multi-peaks detection and multi-features refinement, for target tracking in ultrasound sequences. Specifically, we use two templates to provide the location and deformation of the target for robust tracking. Multi-peaks detection is applied to extend the set of potential target locations, and multi-features refinement is designed to select an appropriate location as the tracking result by quality assessment. Main results. The proposed Multi3 is evaluated on a public dataset, i.e. MICCAI 2015 challenge on liver ultrasound tracking (CLUST), and our clinical dataset provided by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. Experimental results show that Multi3 achieves accurate and robust tracking in ultrasound sequences (0.75 ± 0.62 mm and 0.51 ± 0.32 mm tracking errors in two datasets). Significance. The proposed Multi3 is the most robust method on the CLUST 2D benchmark set, exhibiting potential in clinical practice.
Squeeze damping of giant electrorheological fluid tuned by pulse width modulation
Authors: Pu Huayan , Lu Ben , Wu Xiongxiong , Wang Min , Ding Jiheng , Sun Yi , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Smart rheological materials represented by giant electrorheological fluid (GERF) have attracted considerable attention in vibration isolation, microfluidics, and robotics. The traditional control method is primarily to adjust the amplitude of the constant voltage. This paper introduces a GERF damper that works in squeeze mode and uses varying pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage for damping adjustment. The influence of PWM voltage parameters on the damping characteristics of the damper is analyzed through experiments. The similarities and differences between the constant voltage and PWM voltage are discussed. PWM voltage can obtain larger equivalent damping with small duty cycles. A parametric model is established based on the squeeze flow principle to describe the damping characteristics of the damper. The root mean square error between the experimental and model results is less than 0.015, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The results of the vibration platform test show that the PWM voltage control can adjust the transmissibility of the damper in the frequency domain. The amplitude of the vibration is reduced by 56% in the time domain. This study provides a new damping adjustment method for GERF dampers.
Toward actuation of Kresling pattern-based origami robots
Authors: Hu Kejun , Jeannin Thomas , Berre John , Ouisse Morvan , Rabenorosoa Kanty 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the technical requirement for the actuation of the bi-directional rotational motion (BRM) of engineering-material-based non-rigid origami robots. While the vast majority of previously published results have focused on paper-based origami structures driven by translation-motion, polypropylene (PP) is implemented in this research to investigate its ability to respond to engineering requirements according to BRM. Following this objective, three experiments are proposed to identify the technical performances of PP-based origami and kirigami robots based on Kresling pattern. First, the stabilization test shows that two hundred full folding cycles are required to reach a repeatable mechanical response. Second, the BRM test characterizes the various mechanical performances of both origami and kirigami structure: the PP-based origami outperforms existing structures in the literature. Third, the actuation test shows that the actuation mechanical requirements can be described using three key parameters: the required torque for folding, the shape-blocking stiffness, and the bistable portion. Finally, in order to support the development of PP-based origami/kirigami robots, a ‘Bar and Hinge’ reduced-order model is implemented for the description of the nonlinear hysteretic behavior and bistability. This method constitutes a useful tool for the design of highly nonlinear/bistable engineering structures based on PP origami and kirigami.
Fast optical transport of ultracold molecules over long distances
Authors: Bao Yicheng , Yu Scarlett S , Anderegg Loïc , Burchesky Sean , Gonzalez-Acevedo Derick , Chae Eunmi , Ketterle Wolfgang , Ni Kang-Kuen , Doyle John M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optically trapped laser-cooled polar molecules hold promise for new science and technology in quantum information and quantum simulation. Large numerical aperture optical access and long trap lifetimes are needed for many studies, but these requirements are challenging to achieve in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) vacuum chamber that is connected to a cryogenic buffer gas beam source, as is the case for all molecule laser cooling experiments so far. Long distance transport of molecules greatly eases fulfilling these requirements as molecules are placed into a region separate from the MOT chamber. We realize a fast transport method for ultracold molecules based on an electronically focus-tunable lens combined with an optical lattice. The high transport speed is achieved by the 1D red-detuned optical lattice, which is generated by interference of a focus-tunable laser beam and a focus-fixed laser beam. Efficiency of 48(8)% is realized in the transport of ultracold calcium monofluoride (CaF) molecules over 46 cm distance in 50 ms, with a moderate heating from 32(2) μK to 53(4) μK. Positional stability of the molecular cloud allows for stable loading of an optical tweezer array with single molecules.