bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom
Authors: Tahzib Collis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter defends the perfectionist conception of justice against the objection that perfectionist laws and policies are unduly restrictive of freedom or autonomy. The author contends that, on the one hand, perfectionist justice is compatible with many of the conceptions of freedom found within contemporary political philosophy and that, on the other hand, the conceptions of freedom with which perfectionist justice is incompatible (such as libertarian conceptions of freedom as full self-ownership) are not in any case independently plausible. This chapter also address a more pragmatic variant of the freedom-based objection: namely that, however hospitable to freedom perfectionism is in theory, any attempt to implement perfectionism in practice would risk the abuse of political power and the violation of individual liberties by incompetent or corrupt state officials, and so common sense dictates taking ideals of human flourishing off the political agenda as a kind of prophylactic measure.
The Village Busybody
Authors: Tahzib Collis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter defends the perfectionist conception of justice against Matthew Kramer’s argument that perfectionist regimes that seek the edification of the citizenry are guilty of a meddlesome mentality, one akin in important respects to that of a village busybody. Put differently, the perfectionist state violates a moral requirement of self-restraint. In response, the author argues that this objection begs the question against perfectionist justice by assuming precisely what needs to be shown, namely that promoting the flourishing and edification of the citizenry falls outside the proper bounds of government. In other words, when one says that the perfectionist state meddles in matters that are none of its business or sticks its nose where it does not belong, one already assumes that the state has no duty to promote the flourishing and edification of the citizenry; but one cannot help oneself to this assumption because the question of whether the state has a duty to promote the flourishing and edification of the citizenry is precisely what is at stake in the debate between perfectionists and anti-perfectionist liberals.
Zero Interest Policy and the New Abnormal
Authors: Beenstock Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the “New Normal” central banks set their interest rate to zero and print money through massive quantitative easing, while finance ministries run huge fiscal deficits. Yet inflation remains minimal. This book explains why. It also explains why the New Normal is really the New Abnormal, and why it can’t last. The academic roots of the New Abnormal are traced to a conceptual confusion about the “natural rate of interest,”’ and postmodernism in macroeconomics, exemplified by the DSGE (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) movement. A theory of “existential risk” is developed, which is concerned with the collapse of political economies such the Bretton Woods system and the New Abnormal. Existential risk expresses itself in the growing gap between the natural rate of interest, measured by the rate of return on capital, and the real rate of interest. Existential risk is also expressed in the development of cryptocurrencies. A theory of “kinetic inflation” based on Keynes’ liquidity trap is developed, which accounts for the absence of inflation in the New Abnormal, and predicts its outbreak when zero interest policy ends. The adverse social consequences of the New Abnormal for fertility, pensions, house prices, economic inequality, and intergenerational equity are explored. A causal link is established from the New Abnormal to Covid-19 mitigation policy, and from the latter to the intensification of the New Abnormal. Finally, the prospects are assessed for ending the New Abnormal, and an orderly return to the Old Normal. The alternative is to crash out of the New Abnormal chaotically.
Dramatic Libraries
Authors: Crawford Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surveying depictions of libraries in British and American drama from the Renaissance to the present day, this chapter argues that libraries in drama represent power. Though this power is primarily intellectual (especially in Renaissance drama), it is also, particularly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, economic. The trope of Don Quixote’s library underpins the presumed power of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century libraries—and especially circulating libraries favoured by women—to addle their readers’ wits. As the phenomenon of the ‘Gothic library’ waxes and wanes, libraries of fake books or volumes chosen only to suggest prestige feature increasingly in nineteenth- and twentieth-century drama as the library on stage increasingly comes to represent economic, rather than high-cultural, value. A modern exception to this trend is Tom Stoppard’s Travesties (1974), in which the library functions as a centre of intellectual and revolutionary energy.
The Body in the Library
Authors: Humble Nicola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the trope of the body in the library in the Golden Age crime fiction of the first half of the twentieth century—both the corpse on the hearthrug of the country house library that becomes a cliché of much early clue-puzzle crime fiction, and the reading, writing, lounging, snoozing, shelving, dusty bodies to be found in university libraries. It identifies a wide range of library-focussed crime fiction from both the USA and the UK, examining descriptions of libraries through a deployment of Bachelard’s poetics of space. Its central focus is Agatha Christie’s The Body in the Library (1942) and Dorothy L. Sayers’s Gaudy Night (1936). It suggests that for Christie the trope functions as a synecdoche for the distancing effects with which the Golden Age crime novel treats violence, while for Sayers the material paradoxes of bodies, books, and libraries undermine the novel’s ostensible valorization of the life of the mind.
Murakami’s Strange Library
Authors: Perkins Chris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Libraries figure in the novels of Haruki Murakami, but not much has been said about what they represent. To address this gap, this chapter explores Murakami’s first exploration of libraries in his 1982 short story ‘The Strange Library’ (‘Toshokan kitan’). Viewing the story as an important step in the development of Murakami’s aesthetic approach to the postmodern Japan of the 1980s, and situating the story within the history of libraries in Japan, this chapter shows how Murakami uses the image of the subterranean library to investigate the violence that lurks beneath the consensus order of hyper-capitalist Japan, and to ask questions about how that order has shaped post-war Japanese subjectivity. What emerges is a bleak assessment of the condition of the subject in the face of power and violence: a theme that Murakami has subsequently grappled with over and over again through the course of his career.
Introduction
Authors: Sepielli Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains what pragmatist quietism is and summarizes my argument for it. It begins by offering the reader an intuitive understanding of quietism, and then suggests that previous defences of quietism have not adequately dispelled the mystery surrounding the view. It then presents the main argument of the book through a series of refinements. The first approximation of the main argument is that quietism about ethics is correct because ethical disputes are non-substantive. This is jettisoned in favour of a second approximation, on which only so-called ‘superficial’ ethical disputes are non-substantive; it is claimed that the sorts of disputes that we ordinarily take to be the subject matter of normative ethics are superficial. This approximation, in turn, is jettisoned in favour of the true argument of the book, which is that quietism is correct not because superficial ethical disputes are non-substantive, but because they do not afford so-called ‘truthy’ values. Pragmatism, the method of inquiry on which the inquirer endeavours to guide his beliefs by considerations of value, is presented as a way to buttress this main argument. The chapter concludes with a chapter-by-chapter guide to the rest of the book.
Moral Epistemology
Authors: Sepielli Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces out the implications of meta-ethical view defended in this book, and of quietism more broadly, for questions in moral epistemology. It begins by cataloguing some cases in which normative-ethical inquiry has been distorted by philosophers who have mistakenly treated metaphysics, semantics, and so on, as relevant to first-order ethics. The chapter then considers the upshots of pragmatist quietism for the question of how, if at all, to modify one’s ethical beliefs in the face of others’ disagreement. It then addresses the related issue of how much toleration we should extend to those whose ethical views we judge to be mistaken. It concludes by showing how the pragmatist quietism defended in this book is better equipped than some other objectivist views to reply to evolutionary and other debunking arguments.
Introduction “Power beside the office of a pulpit”
Authors: Prakas Tessie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poetic Priesthood begins with an Introduction on the development and broader poetic legacy of post-Reformation English psalmody. The formally regular Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter, used widely for liturgical psalm-singing by the late 1500s, presents a striking contrast to other popular psalm translations whose intricacy often rendered them unsuitable for liturgical use. Through a reading of the Sidney Psalter, however, the Introduction suggests that Mary Sidney presents herself as performing a ministerial function in and though formal complexity. Constrained by her sex from entering into any more practical ministerial role, Sidney’s poetic priesthood set the stage for the compositional practices of male authors who could and did take orders. The second half of the Introduction argues that these authors tended simultaneously to invoke and to distance their poetry from organized religious practice, although that distancing typically occurs through subtle formal gestures rather than explicit critique. These formal gestures promote by poetic means the emphasis on the individual’s relationship with God that was central to Reformed worship. The poets in this study undertake the work of Reform primarily through what Ben Burton and Elizabeth Scott-Baumann, following Ellen Rooney, have called “the work of form”—a phrase that for them encourages recognition of “the ways in which form is created by readers as well as authors.” These poets present form to their readers as a structure through which they can more fully conceive of their individual relationships to their divine creator.
On or About 1820
Authors: Joyce Simon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on three recovered stories of same-sex desire among women that were developing independently of each other around the year 1820: the secret diaries of the wealthy Yorkshire lesbian Anne Lister; the Edinburgh libel case brought by two teachers, Jane Pirie and Marianne Woods, accusing concerned parents of ruining their reputation and livelihood; and the marriage in all but name of two Vermont women, Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake. Reading across these stories helps us recognize different lesbian identities in formation decades before sexology posited the modern homosexual, but it is also to see the fissures and faultlines in that identity. If collectively these stories suggest something other than a singular narrative of sexual identity, their conjunction around 1820 helps to identify a diversity of models for conceptualizing same-sex desire in the early-nineteenth century and a set of questions that underpin LGBT Victorians as a whole. How might emergent sexual identities have grounded themselves in older forms of gender transitivity, and how might they not? How were sexual practices thought to have been scripted on the body, or to reshape the bodies involved? How does a gendered binary of masculine/feminine reconfigure or obscure other relational inequities that had their basis in factors like age, class, or education?
Food Security in Punjab
Authors: Narang Harpreet Kaur 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The second part of the book has two chapters that focus primarily on the ‘Availability of’ and ‘Access to’, food security in Punjab. The goal is two-fold. The first goal is to view the macro picture by investigating Punjab’s position within the national and international context, while the second goal is to get down to the micro or individual level with respect to the two parameters of food security. Food security in Punjab is investigated in this and the subsequent chapters, by investigating the various dimensions of present and potential food security based on the historical evolution of the concept. Consequently, after briefly introducing the administrative structure and the resource endowments of Punjab, we take a brief look at the macroeconomic indicators that affect the present food security measured in terms of ‘availability’.
Whupping, Paddling, Smacking
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research on the occurrence and frequency of spanking began more than 100 years ago. Studies on social groups and spanking are reviewed alongside data collected every other year since 1986 showing that most parents across the United States spank. The influence of income, race, and gender are reviewed. The chapter also explores who gets spanked the most and when. Caveats of decades of research, along with unique findings, show the range of questions asked about spanking. Data reveal that more parents spank than fess up to it, blurring the lines of who spanks and naming spanking as a nearly universal parental experience. Ways that spanking research explores and ignores questions are considered, laying the groundwork for the rest of the book.
Limits, Laws, and Little Mary Ellen
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The story of Little Mary Ellen, the first child protection case in the United States, highlights the tensions between the rights of parents to discipline as they choose and the public desire to keep children safe from harm. This chapter explores the discovery of the battered child syndrome, the implementation of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, and parent-led efforts to assure the safety of children such as Parents Anonymous. The difficulties of parental judgment in spanking are considered along with the challenging work of child protection social workers. Research on parents who abuse and those who don’t is compared. These concepts are evaluated against modern-day tensions reflected in laws that allow parents to hit children up until the point of harm. Legal language for each state is included in the Appendix A.
In the Privacy of the Home
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inside the family home is where most spanking occurs, and it is here in which families develop their own family culture and rituals on hitting. The growing lack of family privacy due to social media, the influence of armchair experts who weigh in on spanking, and the interventions of professionals are shared through real-life stories. Stress experienced outside of our home, such as work and economic factors, influence spanking behaviors of parents and how parents perceive their children. Internal stress such as our expectations for family life, competition for the perfect family, and our love for our children and their well-being are some of the reasons parents spank. The cycles of circular causality families may find themselves in, and may be unaware of, are described. The debate about spanking in anger or calm and disagreements between parents shows the complexity of spanking that can occur inside a family’s home.
Leaving Spanking Where It Belongs
Authors: Erickson Christina L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spanking is not good for anyone. A parent who leads their family well and exercises that authority for the greater good of the family welcomes respect, collaboration, and their own growth along with their child’s. The chapter provides thoughtful questions to guide the reader in determining options for helping children learn and helping parents discern what is right for them. Policy changes such as ending school corporal punishment in the United States are suggested. A call for professionals to name spanking what it is—hitting—and identify it as abusive is another step in ending the hitting of children.
Mathematics
Authors: Ouellette Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, Jennifer Ouellette, science and culture reporter for Ars Technica and the author of three popular books on mathematics, explores the difficulty and the pleasure of reporting on numbers. The most critical thing is not to be intimidated by the subject matter, she emphasizes. Journalists need to show general readers that those abstract symbols hold real meaning. Avoid technical jargon and only use equations in rare cases. Make connections between the abstract ideas and real-world contexts familiar to readers. Visualizations and telling lots of stories can make even the most difficult topics palatable. Keep sentences short and simple when breaking down the technical details and save elegantly ornate phrases for the surrounding narrative framework. The world is filled with hidden connections, recurring patterns, and counterintuitive truths that can only be seen through math-colored glasses. As Galileo once observed, “Nature’s great book is written in mathematical symbols.” It’s up to science writers to make a compelling case to that effect.
Musical Selves
Authors: Carlson Licia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how musical experience (for composers, performers, and musical witnesses alike) contributes to the sonification of the self in three distinct ways: through self-knowledge, self-expression, and restoring the self. Musical experience (for both performers and witnesses) contributes to specific forms of self-knowledge related to embodiment, temporal existence, vulnerability, cognition, and emotion. Music also allows for distinct forms of creative expression and communication. Finally, musical experience can be restorative by calling forth a self that has receded, and can provide forms of comfort, empowerment, and “asylum.” The chapter then explores what it means to “perform disability” through music and reconsiders these three dimensions of the sonified self in the context of cognitive and intellectual disability.
The Major Contenders of Modernity
Authors: Gat Azar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the three “classical” ideologies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: liberalism, socialism, and fascism. While ostensibly secular, they have been widely characterized as “secular religions” or “religion substitutes”. Their adherents exhibit a strong resistance to recognize and accept factual claims that appear to be at odds with the ideological creed, which often makes such a creed almost impervious to evidence. They show high levels of conformity, devotion, and partisanship to the creed. Potentially valid claims from other perspectives—and other ideological creeds—simply do not register. Secular ideologies have taken over from the religious ones the human quest for meaning and, in some ways, salvation. Connection to the world’s logos, to the universal, and to fate itself are widely and deeply felt. The central interpretive narratives of the ideological creed—often standing on a shaky factual basis—become sanctified myths. Core values and norms are treated as sacred. Challenging them appears almost blasphemous. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the triumph of capitalist liberal democracy and the “End of History” were widely proclaimed. However, the rise of China and the crisis of democracy suggest that the struggle between the classical ideologies of modernity has reopened. Furthermore, the ideological rivalry within the liberal democracies themselves has flared up with surprising ferocity.
Sudan's Unfinished Democracy
Authors: Berridge Willow , de Waal Alex , Lynch Justin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis book tells the story of the Sudanese revolution of 2019; of how it succeeded in bringing down the long-standing rule of President Omar al-Bashir; and of the troubled transitional civilian-led government that was installed in his place. It sets the scrupulously non-violent uprising in its historical context, showing how the protesters drew upon the precedents of earlier civic revolutions and adapted their practices to the challenges of the al-Bashir regime. The book also explores how that regime was brought to its knees through its inability to manage the intersecting economic and political crises caused by the secession of South Sudan and the loss of oil revenue, alongside the uncontrolled expansion of a sprawling security apparatus. The civilian protesters called for--and expected--a total transformation of Sudanese politics, but they found themselves grappling with a still-dominant cabal of generals, who had powerful regional backers and a strong hold over the economy. Internally divided, and faced with a deepening economic crisis, the civilian government led by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok has found itself in office, but with less and less real power, unable to change the conduct of political business as usual.
What’s Happening Now
Authors: Dix Alan , Gill Steve , Hare Jo , Ramduny-Ellis Devina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany areas of study include aspects of physicality in digital research or design. The chapter begins with Weiser’s vision of ubiquitous computing where computation becomes ‘invisible’, seamlessly interwoven into every aspect of life. Sometimes it is in objects that we hold, grasp, or feel (studied by tangible user interfaces and haptic interfaces) and sometimes so close it feels personal: mobile phones, wearable technology, or even within our bodies. In virtual and augmented reality the digital world emulates or sometimes overlays the physical world, but it only affects it through our perceptions. However, in robotics and autonomous vehicles the digital world is not only made physical but also active with apparent agency of its own. Finally, the chapter looks at how digital design can now be given physical form through digital fabrication, making physical production as easy as writing in a word processor, which is enabling new communities where digital and physical crafts meet.
Tools, Equipment, and Machines
Authors: Dix Alan , Gill Steve , Hare Jo , Ramduny-Ellis Devina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrom stone axes to digital computers and prising open a paint can with a spoon handle, humans are natural tool users and tool creators. This chapter shows that the affordance of tools is not innate but linked to the different times and cultures in which we live; part of a constant co-development of artefacts and understanding. Heidegger argued that, for the skilled craftsperson, the ‘equipment’, the assemblage of tools, becomes ‘ready-to-hand’, almost invisible with focus on the job at hand not the tools used to perform it. Breakdown, when the tool becomes apparent, is often a sign of failure or poor design, but we can use this as a positive design heuristic, by understanding the causes of these failures, and preventing them. Paradoxically, it is these points of breakdown, when we become aware of what we are doing, not simply doing it, which can also be the prompt for reflection and innovation.