bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term incidence and survival trends in cancer of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden with etiological implications related to Thorotrast
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Hemminki Otto , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancers of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts (called here “GBC” because gallbladder cancer is the main component) are rare in Europe, including the Nordic countries. Their incidence has varied for unknown reasons and we hypothesize that Thorotrast, a previously used carcinogenic radiographic contrast medium, has contributed to the incidence trends. We obtained incidence and survival data from the NORDCAN database, which includes cancer registry data from Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO) and Sweden (SE), which are globally the oldest national cancer databases, starting from 1943 in DK, 1953 in FI and NO and 1960 in SE, and extending to 2016. The incidence trend for GBC showed a broad maximum around 1980 in men (close to 3/100 000) and women (4/100 000), except for NO, where this phenomenon was not seen. In 1955, FI and NO incidence rates were equal but FI rates peaked and later declined similar to DK and SE rates. By 2010, the incidence was similar in all Nordic countries, for both men and women, at close to 2.0/100 000. Birth cohort analysis showed strong effects for countries other than NO. Relative 1‐year survival increased for men from 20% to about 50% and similarly for women although at a 5 percentage points lower level. Survival in NO was better than in other countries in the 1980s. Thorotrast, causing a high risk of GBC, was extensively used in the Nordic countries between 1930 and end of 1940s, with the exception of NO, where these was no documented use. These data suggest that Thorotrast influenced GBC epidemiology and probably worsened survival in certain periods.
Maternal and perinatal outcome of induction at 39 weeks versus expectant management in labor after cesarean section
Authors: Meyer Raanan , Levin Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study induction of labor (IOL) at 39 weeks compared with expectant management among women undergoing labor after cesarean section (LAC) with no prior vaginal delivery.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including all women undergoing LAC with no prior vaginal delivery, between March 2011 and January 2021. We allocated the study cohort into two groups: IOL at 390/7 to 396/7 and all LACs at ≥400/7 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse neonatal outcome. The secondary outcome was a composite of adverse maternal outcome.ResultsOverall, 1022 women met inclusion criteria, of whom 89 (8.7%) had IOL at 390/7–396/7 weeks and 933 (91.3%) had LAC at ≥400/7 weeks. The composite neonatal outcome rate was comparable between groups (0.186). There were three uterine ruptures (3.4%) in the IOL group and 11 (1.2%) in the LAC at ≥40 weeks group (P = 0.115). The rate of the composite maternal outcomes occurrence was higher in the IOL group (18.0% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.022).ConclusionIOL at 39 weeks among women undergoing LAC with no prior vaginal delivery is not associated with improved neonatal outcomes when compared with expectant management but may be associated with a higher rate of adverse maternal outcomes.
Rainfall in uncoupled and coupled versions of the Met Office Unified Model over Central Africa: Investigation of processes during the September–November rainy season
Authors: Taguela Thierry N. , Pokam Wilfried M. , Washington Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough climate models are important for making projections of future climate, little attention has been devoted to model simulation of the complex climate of Central Africa (CA). This study investigates rainfall biases through processes in three versions of the Met Office Unified Model over CA with both coupled and atmosphere‐only formulations for each version. The study shows that the models depict a wet (dry) bias over the eastern (coastal western) CA in the September–November season with the wet (dry) bias stronger in coupled (atmosphere‐only) models. Here, we explore potential regional to large‐scale causes of these biases. Results reveal that the overestimation of the simulated sinking branch of the Atlantic‐Congo zonal overturning cell is associated with a strong near‐surface temperature and pressure gradient between CA and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This leads to strong low‐level westerlies (LLWs) which dry the coastal western CA and strengthen the intensity of the Congo basin cell. Over eastern CA, the wet bias is partially due to the misrepresentation in the strength of both African easterly jet components that shift the mid‐tropospheric moisture flux convergence southward favouring more convection south of the equator. Furthermore, the overestimation in the simulated width and intensity of the Congo basin cell is associated with a strong low‐level moisture convergence over eastern CA which contributes to more precipitation. Remote contributions to the wet bias come from both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. The simulated Atlantic‐Congo zonal overturning circulation dries the coast through its overestimated lower branch (LLWs) which moves further into the continent and advects more moisture to the eastern CA. In the meantime, during positive Indian Ocean Dipole years, the advected moisture from the Indian Ocean to the CA region is overestimated in models, much more in coupled models and contributes to the eastern CA wet bias.
Monitoring silver diamine fluoride application with optical coherence tomography and thermal imaging: An in vitro proof of concept study
Authors: Abdelaziz Marwa , Yang Vincent , Chang Nai‐Yuan Nicholas , Darling Cynthia , Fried William , Seto Jong , Fried Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) and thermal imaging can be used to monitor changes in the structure and activity of caries lesions over time after treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF).MethodsArtificial caries lesions were formed on enamel and dentin bovine blocks. Each block was partitioned into five windows with the central three windows exposed to a demineralization solution to create lesions: one sound window served as a sound control (SC), one sound window was exposed to SDF to serve as a test control (SCT), one lesion window served as a lesion control (LC), one lesion window received one application of SDF (L1), while the other lesion window received two applications of SDF (L2). Each window was scanned using OCT before SDF application, and every week subsequently, for 12 weeks after initial SDF treatment. Changes in the mean intensity and the width of the peak of increased reflectivity due to the lesion and SDF along with the intensity at a depth of 180 µm from the surface representing optical penetration through the lesion were monitored. Changes in the heat lost, ΔQ (temperature integrated over time) of each window during drying with air were also monitored using a thermal imaging camera. Transverse microradiography (TMR), and high‐resolution microscopy were also used for the analysis of selected samples.ResultsThe reflectivity and optical penetration of sound and lesion areas of enamel and dentin manifested significant changes in OCT images after SDF application. Thermal imaging showed significant differences in ΔQ indicative of permeability changes in the sound and lesion areas of enamel and dentin after SDF application.
High Barrier, Biodegradable Nanocomposite Films Based on Clay‐Coated and Chemically Modified Gum Kondagogu
Authors: Venkateshaiah Abhilash , Timmins Renee L. , Sehl Elmar , Wacławek Stanisław , Černík Miroslav , Padil Vinod V. T. , Agarwal Seema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLately, environmentally benign packaging materials with biodegradability, flexibility, and high barrier properties are sought after as a substitute for conventional plastic packaging materials due to increasing plastic pollution and microplastics in the environment. Although natural polymers can be sustainable alternatives to petro‐sourced, non‐biodegradable plastics, they suffer from the poor barrier and mechanical properties. In this study, a mechanically stable, biodegradable film of tree gum kondagogu with remarkable barrier properties is fabricated. The introduction of spray‐coated, waterborne, large‐aspect ratio sodium‐hectorite dispersion on tree‐gum films ensured very high barrier properties even at high relative humidity conditions (oxygen transmission rate (OTR) ≈1.7 cm3 m−2 day−1 bar−1 at 75% relative humidity). The coating not only decreases gas permeability through the films but also minimizes the sensitivity of performance to humidity levels. The clay‐coated nanocomposite films outperformed various commercial polymers and are comparable to high‐performance packaging films in terms of oxygen barrier properties. Further, the coating improved the mechanical properties of the films rendering them a prospective packaging material. These biodegradable, high‐barrier and mechanically robust films are a promising advance in the field of sustainable packaging.
Tribological performance of ionic liquid modified graphene oxide/silicone rubber composite and the correlation of properties using machine learning methods
Authors: P. S Sarath , Mahesh Therese Yamuna , Pandey Mrituanjay Kumar , Haponiuk Józef T. , Thomas Sabu , George Soney C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates and predicts the tribological properties of an imidazolium ionic liquid modified graphene oxide (ILGO) with silicone rubber (QM) composite. The pin on the disc tribometer was utilized to conduct experimental tribological property analysis, with load, sliding velocity, and temperature as changing parameters. Coefficient of friction (COF) of QMILGO1.5 was 42% lower than that of pure QM. Study found that ionic liquid serves as a self‐lubricating layer for graphene, establishing a solid graphene‐to‐ionic liquid interface bond with the rubber matrix. The experimental data were utilized for training artificial neural networks (ANNs), which were then used to predict the COF of the nanocomposites for values for which the experiment was not performed. The produced composite's predictions of friction coefficient utilizing the ANN technique were quite close to experimental results. The work's fundamental goal is to buy experimentation verifies the COF of functionalized graphene oxide (ILGO) with silicone rubber composite, use the actual experimental values to train a deep neural network using Multilayer perceptron, and then use the trained network to predict the values of COF for which obtaining the values by experimentation was difficult.
The Protein Interactome of a Nanoparticle Population in Whole Cytoplasm under Near‐Native Conditions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Han Zhuang Zhuang , Schultz Michael C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe surface interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with proteins are intensively studied because they partly determine the biological fate of these reagents. The protein interaction trajectory of NPs delivered from complex biofluids into the cytosol of vertebrate cells however remains poorly characterized. This topology is explored using isolated whole cytoplasm and carboxylated superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). SPIONs are introduced into the cytoplasm in naked form or with an adsorbed cargo of serum proteins as an example of a complex NP “corona.” By filtering interactome datasets with information about protein localization and absolute cytosolic concentration, the soluble cytoplasmic proteins that contribute to corona formation in the cytoplasm are identified. These include a subset of glycolytic enzymes and proteins in soluble ribosomes. In the cytoplasm, the proteins of the serum corona are quickly removed from SPIONs by a non‐proteolytic mechanism. Although naked SPIONs and SPIONs with a serum corona capture the same 65 cytosolic proteins, their overall interaction trajectory in the cytoplasm is not identical. In particular, they diverge in engagement with macroscale cell parts such as mitochondria. This knowledge of the interaction landscape of NPs in the cytoplasm is expected to support hypothesis development in projects aimed at improving NP reagents for biomedical applications.
A novel cardiovascular systems model to quantify drugs effects on the inter‐relationship between contractility and other hemodynamic variables
Authors: Fu Yu , Taghvafard Hadi , Said Medhat M. , Rossman Eric I. , Collins Teresa A. , Billiald‐Desquand Stéphanie , Leishman Derek , van der Graaf Piet H. , van Hasselt J. G. Coen , Snelder Nelleke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of systems‐based pharmacological modeling approaches to characterize mode‐of‐action and concentration‐effect relationships for drugs on specific hemodynamic variables has been demonstrated. Here, we (i) expand a previously developed hemodynamic system model through integration of cardiac output (CO) with contractility (CTR) using pressure‐volume loop theory, and (ii) evaluate the contribution of CO data for identification of system‐specific parameters, using atenolol as proof‐of‐concept drug. Previously collected experimental data was used to develop the systems model, and included measurements for heart rate (HR), CO, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and CTR after administration of atenolol (0.3–30 mg/kg) from three in vivo telemetry studies in conscious Beagle dogs. The developed cardiovascular (CVS)‐contractility systems model adequately described the effect of atenolol on HR, CO, dP/dtmax, and MAP dynamics and allowed identification of both system‐ and drug‐specific parameters with good precision. Model parameters were structurally identifiable, and the true mode of action can be identified properly. Omission of CO data did not lead to a significant change in parameter estimates compared to a model that included CO data. The newly developed CVS‐contractility systems model characterizes short‐term drug effects on CTR, CO, and other hemodynamic variables in an integrated and quantitative manner. When the baseline value of total peripheral resistance is predefined, CO data was not required to identify drug‐ and system‐specific parameters. Confirmation of the consistency of system‐specific parameters via inclusion of data for additional drugs and species is warranted. Ultimately, the developed model has the potential to be of relevance to support translational CVS safety studies.
Restraint of FAM60A has a cancer‐inhibiting role in pancreatic carcinoma via the effects on the Akt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Jun‐Hui , Yuan Qing‐Gong , Yang Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFamily with sequence similarity 60A (FAM60A) has been reported as a new cancer‐related protein that affects the malignant progression of some cancers. However, whether FAM60A plays a part in pancreatic carcinoma is undetermined. This work was designed to examine the impact of FAM60A in pancreatic carcinoma. Abundant expression of FAM60A was observed in the primary tumor tissue of pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, a high FAM60A level was related to a poor overall survival in pancreatic carcinoma patients. Malignant behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma cells, such as proliferation and invasiveness, were markedly affected by FAM60A depletion. In addition, FAM60A depletion enhanced the drug sensitivity of pancreatic carcinoma cells to gemcitabine. Further study revealed that FAM60A depletion impaired the activities of Akt and β‐catenin. Inhibiting the activity of Akt abolished FAM60A‐mediated β‐catenin activation. Re‐expression of β‐catenin partially diminished the FAM60A‐depletion‐mediated cancer suppressive effect in pancreatic carcinoma cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that FAM60A depletion prohibited the xenograft formation of pancreatic carcinoma cells, with concurrent reductions of Akt and β‐catenin activities. Collectively, our findings indicate that FAM60A exerts a cancer‐promoting role in pancreatic carcinoma through affection of the Akt/β‐catenin pathway. This work indicates that FAM60A acts as a tumor promoter in pancreatic carcinoma and can be utilized as a potential target for anti‐pancreatic carcinoma therapy development.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (2, 2) AdS3 from D3-branes wrapped on Riemann surfaces
Authors: Couzens Christopher , Macpherson Niall T. , Passias Achilleas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) supersymmetric AdS3 solutions of type IIB supergravity, dual to twisted compactifications of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills on Riemann surfaces. We consider both theories with a regular topological twist, and a twist involving the isometry group of the Riemann surface. These solutions are interpreted as the near-horizon of black strings asymptoting to AdS5× S5. As evidence for the proposed duality we compute the central charge of the gravity solutions and show that it agrees with the field theory result.
Machine learning and power relations
Authors: Maas Jonne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has been an increased focus within the AI ethics literature on questions of power, reflected in the ideal of accountability supported by many Responsible AI guidelines. While this recent debate points towards the power asymmetry between those who shape AI systems and those affected by them, the literature lacks normative grounding and misses conceptual clarity on how these power dynamics take shape. In this paper, I develop a workable conceptualization of said power dynamics according to Cristiano Castelfranchi’s conceptual framework of power and argue that end-users depend on a system’s developers and users, because end-users rely on these systems to satisfy their goals, constituting a power asymmetry between developers, users and end-users. I ground my analysis in the neo-republican moral wrong of domination, drawing attention to legitimacy concerns of the power-dependence relation following from the current lack of accountability mechanisms. I illustrate my claims on the basis of a risk-prediction machine learning system, and propose institutional (external auditing) and project-specific solutions (increase contestability through design-for-values approaches) to mitigate domination.
Characterization and clinical relevance of PDGFRA pathway copy number variation gains across human cancers
Authors: Liu Lizhu , Wu Lihong , Shan Dan , Han Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the copy number variation (CNV) of PDGFRA pathway across all common cancer types as well as its clinical relevance. This study included a total of 10,678 patients with pan-cancerous species involving 33 types of cancers and patient information was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. According to the PDGFRA pathway CNV, all samples were divided into copy number gain (CN gain) group and No CN gain group. The analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) fraction, CNV burden, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and the number of immunogenic mutations were performed, as well as the correlation analysis of PDGFRA pathway CN gain with tumor-related signaling pathways and tumor-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations. The results showed that CN gain of PDGFRA pathway in the cancer patients was associated with significantly shorter overall survival. The CN gain of PDGFRA pathway was identified as a prognostic risk factor for some tumors. CN gain was accompanied by an altered percentage of LOH, CNV burden, TMB, the number of immunogenic mutations were increased and tumor-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations were less. While certain tumor-related signaling pathways, such as hypoxia, cell cycle, DNA repair, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were more enriched in the CN gain group, quiescence, and inflammation pathways were more enriched in the No CN gain group. In conclusion, PDGFRA pathway CNV gain may be a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients.
High efficiency transmission grating for the ESO CUBES UV spectrograph
Authors: Zeitner Uwe D. , Dekker Hans , Burmeister Frank , Flügel-Paul Thomas , Bianco Andrea , Zanutta Alessio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCUBES is the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph, a high-efficiency instrument operating in the UV spectral range between 300 nm and 400 nm with a resolution not less than 20,000. CUBES is to be installed at a Cassegrain focus of the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory. The paper briefly reviews various types of devices used as dispersing elements in astronomical spectrographs to achieve high resolution, before identifying binary transmission gratings produced by microlithography as the best candidate technology for the CUBES instrument. We describe the lithographic fabrication technology in general, two different design considerations to achieve the required high-resolution transmission grating, its prototyping by a direct-write lithographic fabrication technology, and the characterization of the achieved optical performance. An outlook to the realization of the grating for the final instrument, taking the most recent developments of lithographic writing capabilities into consideration is given.
Oocyte aging: looking beyond chromosome segregation errors
Authors: Bebbere Daniela , Coticchio Giovanni , Borini Andrea , Ledda Sergio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The age‐associated decline in female fertility is largely ascribable to a decrease in oocyte quality. This phenomenon is multifaceted and influenced by numerous interconnected maternal and environmental factors. An increase in the rate of meiotic errors is the major cause of the decline in oocyte developmental competence. However, abnormalities in the ooplasm accumulating with age — including altered metabolism, organelle dysfunction, and aberrant gene regulation — progressively undermine oocyte quality. Stockpiling of maternal macromolecules during folliculogenesis is crucial, as oocyte competence to achieve maturation, fertilization, and the earliest phases of embryo development occur in absence of transcription. At the same time, crucial remodeling of oocyte epigenetics during oogenesis is potentially exposed to interfering factors, such as assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) or environmental changes, whose impact may be enhanced by reproductive aging. As the effects of maternal aging on molecular mechanisms governing the function of the human oocyte remain poorly understood, studies in animal models are essential to deepen current understanding, with translational implications for human ARTs. The present mini review aims at offering an updated and consistent view of cytoplasmic alterations occurring in oocytes during aging, focusing particularly on gene and epigenetic regulation. Appreciation of these mechanisms could inspire solutions to mitigate/control the phenomenon, and thus benefit modern ARTs.
Deliberation and confidence change
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora , Hartmann Stephan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe argue that social deliberation may increase an agent’s confidence and credence under certain circumstances. An agent considers a proposition H and assigns a probability to it. However, she is not fully confident that she herself is reliable in this assignment. She then endorses H during deliberation with another person, expecting him to raise serious objections. To her surprise, however, the other person does not raise any objections to H. How should her attitudes toward H change? It seems plausible that she should (i) increase the credence she assigns to H and, at the same time, (ii) increase the reliability she assigns to herself concerning H (i.e. her confidence). A Bayesian model helps us to investigate under what conditions, if any, this is rational.