bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Spindle Variability
Authors: Gonzalez Christopher , Jiang Xi , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge , Halgren Eric 
Published: May 2022

In humans, sleep spindles are 10- to 16-Hz oscillations lasting approximately 0.5–2 s. Spindles, along with cortical slow oscillations, may facilitate memory consolidation by enabling synaptic plasticity. Early recordings of spindles at the scalp found anterior channels had overall slower frequency than central-posterior channels. This robust, topographical finding led to dichotomizing spindles as “slow” versus “fast,” modeled as two distinct spindle generators in frontal versus posterior cortex. Using a large dataset of intracranial stereoelectroencephalographic (sEEG) recordings from 20 patients (13 female, 7 male) and 365 bipolar recordings, we show that the difference in spindle frequency between frontal and parietal channels is comparable to the variability in spindle frequency within the course of individual spindles, across different spindles recorded by a given site, and across sites within a given region. Thus, fast and slow spindles only capture average differences that obscure a much larger underlying overlap in frequency. Furthermore, differences in mean frequency are only one of several ways that spindles differ. For example, compared with parietal, frontal spindles are smaller, tend to occur after parietal when both are engaged, and show a larger decrease in frequency within-spindles. However, frontal and parietal spindles are similar in being longer, less variable, and more widespread than occipital, temporal, and Rolandic spindles. These characteristics are accentuated in spindles which are highly phase-locked to posterior hippocampal spindles. We propose that rather than a strict parietal-fast/frontal-slow dichotomy, spindles differ continuously and quasi-independently in multiple dimensions, with variability due about equally to within-spindle, within-region, and between-region factors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep spindles are 10- to 16-Hz neural oscillations generated by cortico-thalamic circuits that promote memory consolidation. Spindles are often dichotomized into slow-anterior and fast-posterior categories for cognitive and clinical studies. Here, we show that the anterior-posterior difference in spindle frequency is comparable to that observed between different cycles of individual spindles, between spindles from a given site, or from different sites within a region. Further, we show that spindles vary on other dimensions such as duration, amplitude, spread, primacy and consistency, and that these multiple dimensions vary continuously and largely independently across cortical regions. These findings suggest that multiple continuous variables rather than a strict frequency dichotomy may be more useful biomarkers for memory consolidation or psychiatric disorders.
Aged Rats Exhibit Altered Behavior-Induced Oscillatory Activity, Place Cell Firing Rates, and Spatial Information Content in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus
Authors: Crown Lindsey M. , Gray Daniel T. , Schimanski Lesley A. , Barnes Carol A. , Cowen Stephen L. 
Published: May 2022

Hippocampal gamma and theta oscillations are associated with mnemonic and navigational processes and adapt to changes in the behavioral state of an animal to optimize spatial information processing. It has been shown that locomotor activity modulates gamma and theta frequencies in rats, although how age alters this modulation has not been well studied. Here, we examine gamma and theta local-field potential and place cell activity in the hippocampus CA1 region of young and old male rats as they performed a spatial eye-blink conditioning task across 31 d. Although mean gamma frequency was similar in both groups, gamma frequency increased with running speed at a slower rate in old animals. By contrast, theta frequencies scaled with speed similarly in both groups but were lower across speeds in old animals. Although these frequencies scaled equally well with deceleration and speed, acceleration was less correlated with gamma frequency in both age groups. Additionally, spike phase-locking to gamma, but not theta, was greater in older animals. Finally, aged rats had reduced within-field firing rates but greater spatial information per spike within the field. These data support a strong relationship between locomotor behavior and local-field potential activity and suggest that age significantly affects this relationship. Furthermore, observed changes in CA1 place cell firing rates and information content lend support to the hypothesis that age may result in more general and context-invariant hippocampal representations over more detailed information. These results may explain the observation that older adults tend to recall the gist of an experience rather than the details.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHippocampal oscillations and place cell activity are sensitive to sensorimotor input generated from active locomotion, yet studies of aged hippocampal function often do not account for this. By considering locomotion and spatial location, we identify novel age-associated differences in the scaling of oscillatory activity with speed, spike-field coherence, spatial information content, and within-field firing rates of CA1 place cells. These results indicate that age has an impact on the relationship between locomotion and hippocampal oscillatory activity, perhaps indicative of alterations to afferent input. These data also support the hypothesis that aged hippocampal place cells, compared with young, may more often represent more general spatial information. If true, these results may help explain why older humans tend to recall less specific and more gist-like information.
Anisotropic metadielectric converter
Authors: Ashcheulov Anatoly , Derevianchuk Mykola , Lavreniuk Dmytro 
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Investigation of the peculiarities of the electric field energy conversion by an anisotropic meta-medium with a negative value of the dielectric constant in one of the selected main crystallographic directions.
Methodology. Research was carried out using methods of physical and mathematical modeling of anisotropic metadielectric converter; using methods to optimize the function of the dependence of the conversion factor m, anisotropic metadielectric converter, on the angle α between one of the crystallographic axes and the edge of the platinum a, at fixed anisotropy coefficients of metadielectric material.
Findings. For the first time, the peculiarities of the electric field transformation by an anisotropic meta-medium with a negative value of the dielectric constant in one of the selected main crystallographic directions were studied. It is established that at the moment of application to the upper and lower faces of the anisotropic metadielectric plate, which is the basis of the anisotropic metadielectric converter, some potential difference leads to polarization of its volume and the emergence of both longitudinal and transverse components of the vortex electric field. This situation leads to axial folding of its internal field, which in turn causes the appearance of micro-vortices of the electric field, given by the expression , where - the circular time of rotation of the micro-vortex, and signs "+" and "-" - indicate the direction of its rotation. Such axial electric micro vortices are an efficient mechanism that pumps energy between the physical vacuum and, in our case, the anisotropic metadielectric plate of the transducer.
The dependence of the transformation coefficient m of this medium on the value of anisotropy is analyzed. Studies have shown that in the interval the value of m is characterized by a negative value, and in the interval – positive, this allowed us to determine the areas of stable existence of different types of energy.
The use of metadielectric material in comparison with the classical one is characterized by values of m>1. Note that in some cases there is an abnormal increase in the coefficient.
Originality. Using the representations of vortex electrodynamics, the mechanism of energy interaction between the vortex electric field of an anisotropic metaenvironment and the physical vacuum is proposed.
Practical value. A model of the original design of an anisotropic metadielectric converter is proposed. Areas of its practical use in the form of generators of electricity, heat and cold are determined, calculated expressions for their efficiency are in the range η = 0.5 ÷ 0.98, and the cooling temperature can reach the temperature of liquid helium.
Methods for characterising the steel–concrete interface to enhance understanding of reinforcement corrosion: a critical review by RILEM TC 262-SCI
Authors: Wong Hong S. , Angst Ueli M. , Geiker Mette R. , Isgor O. Burkan , Elsener Bernhard , Michel Alexander , Alonso Maria Cruz , Correia Maria Joao , Pacheco Jose , Gulikers Joost , Zhao Yuxi , Criado Maria , Raupach Michael , Sørensen Henrik , François Raoul , Mundra Shishir , Rasol Mezgeen , Polder Rob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe steel–concrete interface (SCI) is a complex, multi-phase and multi-scale system. It is widely known to influence the performance and long-term durability of concrete structures. However, a fundamental understanding of its properties and effects on corrosion initiation of embedded reinforcing steel remains elusive. This is attributed to its complicated heterogeneity and time-dependent nature, exacerbated by the lack of suitable techniques for systematic and detailed characterisation. This paper, prepared by members of the RILEM Technical Committee 262-SCI, critically reviews available information regarding current methods (laboratory or field-based) for characterising local properties of the SCI that have been identified as governing factors affecting corrosion initiation. These properties include characteristics of the steel such as mill scale and rust layers, and characteristics of the concrete such as interfacial voids, microstructure and moisture content. We evaluated over twenty methods and summarised their advantages, applications and limitations. The findings show a severe lack of well established, non-destructive techniques that are suitable for direct monitoring of the SCI at a representative scale with sufficiently high resolution (spatial, temporal), particularly for moisture related aspects. Several promising novel techniques with significant potential for further development and application were identified and discussed. Finally, we provide several recommendations for future research needs that are required to advance this critically important topic.
Symptoms and online intimate partner violence during the Covid-19 Quarantine
Authors: Martínez Gómez Jorge Arturo , Bolívar Suárez Yolima , Rey Anacona César Armando , Larrota Castillo Richard 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the physical and mental health of the population in general, in addition, during the quarantine, online intimate partner violence behaviours may arise, which increases the probability of psychopathological symptoms, with alterations in emotional and affective states.
Objective: The purpose this study was examine the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and online intimate partner violence behaviours during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Method: The design was correlational cross-sectional comparative, the sample nonprobability with the participation of 588 people of between 18 and 46 years of age. Symptom Checklist- SCL-36, Cyber dating abuse questionnaire and Sociodemographic questionnaire.
Results: Out of the total, 60 % reported having perpetrated a controlling behaviour and 54.3 % claimed to have been a victim of online abuse in your relationship, during the quarantine. It was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between cyber abuse, for both victimization and perpetration, and the psychopathological Symptomsby the Symptom Check List-36. A positive and significant relationship was also found between some symptoms assessed by the Symptom Check List-36 and sleep quality, cigarette consumption, and the intake of alcoholic and energising beverages during the quarantine. These results show that mental health may be affected by the confinement during the pandemic. Moreover, during the quarantine, intimate partner violence behaviours may arise, altering the emotional and affective state of individuals, with the appearance of symptoms of psychological disorders.
Conclusions: Therefore, future investigations should be geared towards intervention programmes to reduce the psychological impact on the people affected.
Aquin et le pouvoir déclaratif de l’écrivain de fiction
Authors: Saint-Gelais Richard 
Published: May 2022

L’analyse que fait Marilyn Randall de Prochain épisode (2006), loin d’en dissoudre les contradictions structurelles au profit d’une vague « révolution littéraire », y voit l’effet d’un dispositif qui place les lecteurs devant des choix (restaurer à tout prix la cohérence globale du récit, ou reconnaître son caractère irréductiblement paradoxal) qui constituent eux aussi une forme d’engagement. La sphère esthétique, dans cette perspective, n’est plus un registre pacifique qui n’acquerrrait une dimension idéologique que lorsqu’elle est mise au service d’autres considérations, plus ouvertement politiques celles-là : elle est elle-même déchirée de conflits et les gestes qui s’y posent n’ont rien d’innocent. Un peu différente dans son angle d’approche, la perspective que j’adopterai ici repose sur la même conviction que l’écriture, et avec elle la lecture, n’expriment pas tant des positions politiques qu’elles ne sont, sur leur terrain propre et jusque dans le détail de leurs opérations, des interventions. Je le ferai en considérant à nouveaux frais la question des rapports entre écriture, entendue comme production d’une fiction, et pouvoir.
Petite introduction à une sémiose de l’effondrement dans Prochain Épisode d'Hubert Aquin
Authors: Sannen Alexandre 
Published: May 2022

Cet article conceptualise la sémiose de l’effondrement dans la recherche en lettres. Dans la première partie, je reviens sur l’histoire de l’effondrement dans la culture occidentale et son importance dans diverses sphères discursives au début du XXIe siècle. Dans la deuxième partie, je propose une définition de ce que serait une sémiose de l’effondrement, de ses potentialités analytiques et de la posture qu’elle semble requérir à l’égard du texte. Dans la troisième partie, pour montrer les potentialités de cette sémiose, j’analyse divers effondrements dans Prochain Épisode d’Hubert Aquin. Il en ressort trois orientations analytiques : une sémiologique, sur l’économie des signes liés à l’effondrement ; une narratologique, sur l’effondrement ontologique du narrateur ; une morphologique, sur la relation entre effondrement et différend.
Retours sur le roman aquinien : défis de lecture et exégèse de Marilyn Randall
Authors: Tomescu Daniela 
Published: May 2022

Quelques décennies après la publication des premiers romans d’Aquin, le discours critique ne cessait de revenir sur l’effet de choc, de contrariété, qu’avait provoqué une fiction qui défiait toute grille de lecture, que ce soit de facture structuraliste ou sociologiste. Pour ce qui est de la critique contemporaine, elle exprime parfois des inquiétudes à l’égard d’une œuvre classique, qui en raison de sa complexité et de sa canonisation, risquerait d’être oubliée, incomprise, mal lue. Marilyn Randall a une façon originale de se rapporter aux intrications du texte qui ont laissé tant de fois perplexes lecteurs et critiques, et n’hésite pas à traiter de l’originalité plagiaire, et des niveaux de fictivité confondus, et de la littérature anti-littéraire chez Aquin. En l’absence d’un ravivement de la critique biographique après la vague structuraliste, l’exégèse de Randall reconduit à découvrir le nom de l’auteur et la fonction signifiante de la présence auctoriale dans le roman non autobiographique d’Hubert Aquin.
Using the modern Colorado delta to reconstruct the compound clinoforms of the Pliocene Colorado delta
Authors: Rey Fernando M. , Olariu Cornel , Steel Ronald J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Compound clinoforms contain both shoreline and subaqueous clinoforms, both with a topset–foreset–bottomset morphology, but with a wide subaqueous platform (30–150 km) in between. Recent datasets suggest that compound clinoforms are common in tide-dominated deltas, but there are only a few good examples from ancient deposits. The limited vertical expression of the shoreline clinoform and the lateral extent of the subaqueous clinoform hamper the identification of compound clinoforms in the rock record. The modern Colorado River Delta, in Baja California, Mexico, is tide-dominated and exhibits a compound clinoform; we use this delta as an analog to guide our interpretation of the ancient (Pliocene) Colorado delta in Southern California. The outcrops of the Deguynos Fm. are a representative section of the Pliocene Colorado delta. Four stratigraphic sections were measured from the outcrops, seven facies associations are recognized, and three depositional environments are interpreted using the nearby modern Colorado delta as an analog system. The Deguynos Fm. exhibits at least 22 parasequences organized in 4 stratigraphic parasequence sets; the parasequences (∼ 12 ky each) are likely autogenic stratigraphic responses, while the parasequence sets (∼ 62 ky each) are interpreted as a combination of eustatic changes and tectonic response to the creation of accommodation space along the West Salton Detachment Fault. The comparison between the Pliocene and modern Colorado deltas provides an excellent opportunity to better understand ancient compound clinoform deposits and to aid recognition of this morphology in other locations.
A Systematic Approach to Well Surveying Calculations
Authors: Taylor Howard L. , Mason C. Mack 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The information used in well surveying calculations is studied and formalized. A general, natural, mathematical approach to the problem is presented and four special cases are developed: (1) triangular or trapezoidal, (2) secant, (3) quadratic and (4) minimum curvature. These methods are compared and their properties analyzed for reasonableness. Two of these methods are new and have appeared promising when applied to real and test data.

Introduction
Several new approaches have been proposed to the problem of performing well surveying calculations, and it has been pointed out that improvements in directional drilling tools and techniques justify a better treatment than the old tangential methods.1,2 However, a systematic analysis of the problem in a standard mathematical form has not been published. This paper will try to cover several of the more useful methods in a natural mathematical framework and to suggest several alternative approaches and directions for improvement.
Design and simulation of a new reversible ALU in quantum-dot cellular automata technology
Authors: azimi nemat , Mohammadi Shahriar , Khalatbari Ahmad , moshtaghi maryam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With dimension reduction of technology towards nanometers scale, every day, energy consumption becomes more resistant to advances in computer science. It is felt that existing technologies, including CMOS technology, are approaching the limits of their progress. Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA), is one the most promising solutions to replace existing technologies. Duo to its nature, has very low energy losses. On the other hand, for energy consumption reduction, it can be useful to design circuits without loss of information or in a reversible manner. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is known as the principal part of processor systems. In this paper, we introduce a reversible ALU unit based on QCA technology using existing reversible logic gates and the proposed ANG gate. The proposed method is simulated using QCADesigner. The proposed structures are simulated using QCADesigner version 2.0.3. The reversible ALU unit in spite of 43% increasing in occupied area, has an improvement of 34% and 27% in cell counts and latency, respectively.
Effect of remimazolam tosylate compared with etomidate on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery: study protocol for a randomized trial
Authors: Hu Bailong , Zhou Haiyan , Zou Xiaohua , Tan Li , Song Tao , Li Xingyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with cardiac disease are prone to develop cardiovascular adverse events such as hypotension, hypertension and tachycardia during anesthesia induction. Therefore, hemodynamic stability is one of the most important concerns for induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Remimazolam tosylate is a new ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine agent, with the advantages of rapid onset and offset, minimal cardiorespiratory depression. We aim to compare the effect of remimazolam tosylate and etomidate for anesthesia induction on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.Methods/design: The trial is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, single-center trial to compare the effect of remimazolam tosylate and etomidate on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. 117 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023 will be enrolled and randomly allocated into one of three groups: low-dose remimazolam group (Group LR), high-dose remimazolam group (Group HR) or etomidate group (Group E). The primary outcome is hemodynamic fluctuations during anesthesia induction (the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) to baselinee, ▲MAP, the difference between maximum or minimum heart rate (HR) and baseline, ▲HR). Secondary outcomes include the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (hypotension, severe bradycardia, hypertention, tachycardia and arrhythmia), the cumulative doses of vasoactive drugs used per patient, incidence and degree of injection pain and myoclonus.Discussion: This research will determine the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam tosylate induction on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn identifier: ChiCTR2100052535 (17th Dec 2021, http://www.chictr.org.cn/).
Delineation of kaolinized and aquifer formations using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization techniques
Authors: Prasad Yellapu Siva , Rao Bekkam Venkateswara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The majority of well failures in the khondalitic terrain of northern parts of Eastern Ghats of India are due to the extent of the depth of kaolinisation (highly weathered material) of the khondalitic aquifer. Since One-Dimensional Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys show the similar resistivity values for both kaolinised and weathered khondalitic aquifer, the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Induced Polarization (IP) techniques are employed along the success and failed well pair in the khondalitic terrain. Very thin kaolinised formation followed by the aquifer for the success well and the complete kaolinisation up to deeper depths for the failed wells are the characteristic features for the difference in well yields. The ERT images found that the depth of kaolinised material at the failed wells is extended about 21–50 m deeper than the success wells. The aquifer thickness is varied nearly 15–31 m at success wells while the same is maintained only about 7–9 m at failed wells. IP images revealed that the layers with moderate chargeability values of 2.63–3.58 m-sec are indicated as weathered/fractured khondalitic aquifers and the layers with lower chargeability values of 0.23–1.0 m-sec are characterized as kaolinised formations. The study found that ERT and IP imaging are potential techniques for mapping of contrasts in kaolinised and non-kaolinised aquifer formations in the khondalitic suit of rocks.