bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of p16 immunocytochemical staining on alcohol‐fixed aspirate smears: A single‐institutional study with review of the literature
Authors: Doonan Katie , Ambaye Abiy , Buskey Alexa , Mitchell Jeannette , Ciolino Allison L. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundDetermining human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma can have a significant impact on treatment and clinical outcomes. Because fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is typically an initial diagnostic modality in a patient workup for primary or suspected metastatic disease, immunostaining for p16 on FNA material is a promising option to determine HPV tumor status, possibly avoiding biopsies or excisions. In this study, the authors investigated the possibility of using alcohol‐fixed smears as a reliable alternative for reporting p16 status.MethodsTwenty HPV‐associated tumors and 20 non‐HPV–associated tumors were identified using the gold‐standard histologic cutoff for positivity of ≥70% strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Matched FNA specimens were identified for comparison staining, and a positive p16 result was rendered on a single aspirate smear using the same cutoff of ≥70%.ResultsOn alcohol‐fixed cytology smears, 16 of 20 (80%) HPV‐associated tumors showed positive p16 staining in ≥70% tumor cells. Four cases showed lower level (30%‐60%) nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Nineteen of 20 (95%) non‐HPV–associated tumors showed no or minimal p16 staining (0%‐10%), and 1 case had a p16‐equivocal cytology result.ConclusionsThe authors performed immunocytochemical validation for p16 using alcohol‐fixed smears and observed promising results, offering this technique as a potential alternative to formalin‐fixed tissue in the appropriate clinical context. By using a positive staining cutoff of ≥70%, this technique offers 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detecting HPV‐associated tumors. Although it was not performed in the current study, HPV‐specific testing on available formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue should be considered in cases with equivocal or negative p16 staining.
Mechanoenzymatic Reactions Involving Polymeric Substrates or Products
Authors: Arciszewski Jane , Auclair Karine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanoenzymology is an emerging field in which mechanical mixing is used to sustain enzymatic reactions in low‐solvent or solvent‐free mixtures. Many enzymes have been reported that thrive under such conditions. Considering the central role of biopolymers and synthetic polymers in our society, this minireview highlights the use of mechanoenzymology for the synthesis or depolymerization of oligomeric or polymeric materials. In contrast to traditional in‐solution reactions, solvent‐free mechanoenzymology has the advantages of avoiding solubility issues, proceeding in a minimal volume, and reducing solvent waste while potentially improving the reaction efficiency and accessing new reactivity. It is expected that this strategy will continue to gain popularity and find more applications.
Impact of Pore Structure on Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials: Rotating Ring‐Disk Electrode vs. Flow Cell
Authors: Xu Hui , Lv Xue‐Hui , Wang Hao‐Yu , Ye Jin‐Yu , Yuan Jiayin , Wang Yu‐Cheng , Zhou Zhi‐You , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of pore structure on the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in nitrogen‐doped carbon materials is currently under debate, and previous studies are mainly limited to the rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) rather than the practical flow cell (FC) system. In this study, assisted by a group of reliable pore models, the impact of two pore structure parameters, that is, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET) and micropore surface fraction (fmicro), on ORR activity and selectivity are investigated in both RRDE and FC. The ORR mass activity correlates positively to the SBET in the RRDE and FC because a higher SBET can host more active sites. The H2O2 selectivity is independent of fmicro in the RRDE but correlates negatively to fmicro in the FC. The inconsistency results from different states of the electrode in the RRDE and the FC. These insights will guide the design of carbon materials for H2O2 synthesis.
Selective Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Syngas Over Tunable Metal‐Perovskite Interface
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Yanling , Tian Jinshu , Li Jianhui , Chen Gui , Zhou Liujiang , Sun Yifei , Qiu Yongfu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe extensive emission of CO2 results in critical environmental issues, such as global warming. Photocatalytic CO2 conversion is a meaningful route to convert CO2 into useful chemicals. However, the highly selective reduction of CO2 with the avoidance of hydrogen evolution is still challenging. Herein, the photocatalytic reduction CO2 to synthesis gas (syngas) was achieved on a metal Ag socketed perovskite LaFeO3 (LFO) catalytic interface prepared by an in‐situ exsolution method. The conduction band of Ag‐exsolved LFO is more negative than LFO, benefiting efficient CO2 reduction. By tuning the dopant Ag cation in the lattice to nanoparticles pinned on the surface, the CO formation rate was improved around five‐fold from 0.51 to 2.41 μmol g−1 h−1. Meanwhile, the H2/CO molar ratio also showed strong dependence on the modality of Ag at the metal‐perovskite interface. The design offers a promising pathway for transforming CO2 to valuable chemicals based on efficient photocatalysts design.
Variable direction‐based self‐interference full‐duplex channel model for underwater acoustic communication systems
Authors: A. Naman Hala , E. Abdelkareem Ammar 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) underwater acoustic (UWA) communication can approximately double the capacity of UWA communication networks, which is particularly attractive in UWA systems due to the severely band‐limited nature of the channels encountered. In this paper, a geometry‐based channel model for self‐interference (SI) cancelation in an IBFD modem was proposed. Due to the movement of things, the variable full‐duplex (FD) modem direction with deviation reaches 5° is designed to meet the potential change in the underwater environment. In addition, the settings of direct and multipath reflections between a transmitter (T) and a receiver (R) are considered to present the propagation characteristics of the UWA channels. The numerical simulation results match the conventional transmission loss and propagation delay results, showing that the proposed model can characterize the UWA environment. According to preliminary findings, the propagation delay of local multipath can reach up to 1.4 s before it attains the noise floor level, with transmission loss reaching 80 dB at different angles.
Estradiol reduces ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels in A549 human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Baristaite Gabriele , Gurwitz David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpidemiologic studies suggest slightly higher risk of severe Covid‐19 symptoms and fatalities following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in men compared with women from similar age groups. This bias was suggested to reflect differences in the male and female immune system regulation, driven by different sex hormone levels in men and women, in particular, higher plasma estradiol in women. SARS‐CoV‐2 infects respiratory tract epithelial cells by binding to their cell membrane ACE2, followed by priming for cell entry by the host cell membrane serine protease TMPRSS2. The cell protease FURIN facilitates cell exit of mature SARS‐CoV‐2 virions. Our study examined the effects of in vitro treatment of A549 human lung epithelial cells with 17‐β‐estradiol on mRNA expression of genes coding for these proteins. Treatment of A549 human lung epithelial cells with 17‐β‐estradiol reduced the cellular mRNA levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA, while not affecting FURIN expression. Our findings suggest that 17‐β‐estradiol may reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of lung epithelial cells, which may in part explain the reduced incidence of severe Covid‐19 and fatalities among women compared with men of similar age. Studies into the molecular pathways by which 17‐β‐estradiol reduces ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in lung epithelial cells are needed for assessing its potential protective value against severe Covid‐19.
Periostin renders cardiomyocytes vulnerable to acute myocardial infarction via pro‐apoptosis
Authors: Hu Yanlei , Wang Xiaohang , Ding Fuyan , Liu Chao , Wang Shupeng , Feng Tao , Meng Shuping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAs a severe cardiovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could trigger congestive heart failure. Periostin (Postn) has been elucidated to be dramatically up‐regulated in myocardial infarction. Abundant expression of Postn was also observed in the infarct border of human and mouse hearts with AMI. This work is dedicated to explore the mechanism through which Postn exerts its functions on AMI.Methods and resultsThe expression of Postn in AMI mice and hypoxia‐treated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) was quantified by qRT‐PCR. The biological functions of Postn in AMI were explored by trypan blue, TUNEL, flow cytometry analysis, and JC‐1 assays. Luciferase activity or MS2‐RIP or RNA pull‐down assay was performed to study the interaction between genes. Postn exhibited up‐regulated expression in AMI mice and hypoxia‐treated NMCMs. Functional assays indicated that cell apoptosis in NMCMs was promoted via the treatment of hypoxia. And Postn shortage could alleviate cell apoptosis in hypoxia‐induced NMCMs. Postn was verified to bind to mmu‐miR‐203‐3p and be down‐regulated by miR‐203‐3p overexpression. Postn and miR‐203‐3p were spotted to coexist with small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (Snhg8) in RNA‐induced silencing complex. The affinity between Snhg8 and miR‐203‐3p was confirmed. Afterwards, Snhg8 was validated to promote cell apoptosis in hypoxia‐induced NMCMs partially dependent on Postn. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) was revealed to bind to miR‐203‐3p and be implicated in the Snhg8‐mediated AML cell apoptosis and angiogenesis.ConclusionsmiR‐203‐3p availability is antagonized by Snhg8 for Postn and Vegfa‐induced AMI progression.
Relationship between body roundness index and the risk of heart failure in Chinese adults: the Kailuan cohort study
Authors: Wang Jianing , Wu Mingyang , Wu Shouling , Tian Yaohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsBody roundness index (BRI) is an obesity‐related anthropometric index that combines waist circumference and height to better reflect body fat. This study aims to prospectively explore the relationship between BRI and the risk of heart failure (HF) based on a community‐based cohort.Methods and resultsA total of 140 362 individuals without tumour and HF at baseline were included from the Kailuan cohort study. Their demographic information, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical indexes were collected or measured. The participants were followed up until 31 December 2016 or death or diagnosed with HF, whichever came first. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident HF. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to further evaluate the possible non‐linear dose–response relationship between BRI and the risk of HF. After a median follow‐up period of 9.84 years, we identified 1990 HF events. The participants were grouped into four groups according to the quartiles of BRI (Q1: ≤2.93, Q2: 2.93–3.59, Q3: 3.59–4.38, and Q4: ≥4.38). After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with the group of participants in the lowest quartile of BRI, the adjusted HRs (95%CI) were 1.03 (95%CI: 0.87–1.22), 1.27 (95%CI: 1.07–1.49), and 1.50 (95%CI: 1.26–1.78) for subjects in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively. With each standard deviation (here is 1.10) of BRI increasing, the risk of HF increased by 18% (HR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.12–1.24). Subgroup analysis indicated that the association between BRI and HF was more prominent in younger people (HR: 2.94, 95%CI: 1.80–4.80) than older (HR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.57–2.27) (P for interaction < 0.001). A significant linear dose–response relationship between BRI and HF was also observed (P for non‐linearity = 0.730).ConclusionsOur study suggests that higher BRI is associated with an increased risk of HF. If these findings can be replicated in other populations, future studies need to examine whether lowering the BRI may lower the risk of incident HF.
Association of preoperative functional disability with chronic postsurgical pain: A prospective observational study
Authors: Uyama Kayo , Ida Mitsuru , Wang Xiaoying , Naito Yusuke , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic postsurgical pain negatively affects postoperative recovery. We aimed to assess the association between preoperative functional disability and chronic postsurgical pain.MethodsThis secondary analysis of a prospective observational study included 920 inpatients aged ≥55 years undergoing elective abdominal surgery. We assessed functional disability using the 12‐item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 before surgery and measured postoperative pain using a numerical rating scale at a postanaesthetic clinic 3 months and 1 year after surgery. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to determine associations with chronic postsurgical pain 1 year after surgery. We analysed the sequential pain score using a mixed‐effects model in patients with and without preoperative functional disability. The primary outcome in this study was chronic postsurgical pain and its associated factors with a focus on preoperative functional disability. The secondary outcome was pain trajectories in patients with and without preoperative functional disability.ResultsOf the 899 patients included in the analysis, 11.9% had chronic postsurgical pain 1 year later. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative functional disability was associated with this outcome (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.70–4.59) as well as use of preoperative pain medication (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.24–6.03) and pain numerical rating scale at the postanaesthetic clinic (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.29). The pain trajectories were different in the presence or absence of functional disability (p < 0.001) and the time of measurement (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPreoperative functional disability was associated with chronic postsurgical pain and pain trajectories.SignificanceOur study showed that in patients who undergo elective abdominal surgery, 12% with preoperative functional disability experience chronic postsurgical pain after 1 year. Preoperative functional disability is associated with chronic postsurgical pain, use of preoperative pain medications and acute postoperative pain. Patients with preoperative functional disability have higher pain numerical rating scale scores at any postoperative measurement point.
Oligodendrogenesis is a key process for cognitive performance improvement induced by voluntary physical activity
Authors: Eugenin von Bernhardi Jaime , Dimou Leda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells and enhances neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus resulting in hippocampal circuit remodeling and cognitive enhancement. Nonetheless, knowledge of other neural progenitors affected by PA and the mechanisms through which they could contribute to circuit plasticity and cognitive enhancement are still poorly understood. In this work we demonstrated that NG2‐glia, also known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, show enhanced proliferation and differentiation in response to voluntary PA in a brain region‐dependent manner in adult mice. Surprisingly, preventing NG2‐glia differentiation during enhanced PA abolishes the exercise‐associated cognitive improvement without affecting neurogenesis or baseline learning capacity. Thus, here we provided new evidence highlighting the requirement of oligodendrogenesis for exercise induced‐cognition enhancement.
Effect of acute shade on the canopy morphology and evapotranspiration rates of three turfgrasses
Authors: Duan Huanyun , Fontanier Charles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the comparative evapotranspiration (ET) rates of commonly used turfgrass species in a shaded environment would improve irrigation scheduling recommendations and contribute towards urban water conservation. The objectives of this study were (a) to compare the ET rates of selected turfgrasses under two irradiance levels and (b) to determine if shade‐induced changes in ET rates were related to changes in leaf morphology. An 8‐wk greenhouse experiment was conducted in fall 2017 with ‘Latitude 36 Turf Bermudagrass’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon Transvaalensis Burtt Davy], ‘Falcon IV’ tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)] ‘Dumort., nom. cons.’, and ‘Meyer’ Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) grown in lysimeters 15 cm in diameter. Plants were subjected to shaded conditions (55% nominal shade fabric) or a control (ambient greenhouse conditions plus supplemental lights). Plants were evaluated for specific leaf area, clipping yield, and ET rate over the study period. Turfgrass ET rates for tall fescue, Japanese lawngrass, and hybrid bermudagrass declined under shade by 12.8, 23.1, and 28.9%, suggesting that the ET rate for tall fescue is less sensitive to changes in light intensity. These results suggest irrigation scheduling methods for shaded landscapes may be influenced by species response to changes in light intensity.
Computer‐aided Veress needle guidance using endoscopic optical coherence tomography and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Chen , Reynolds Justin C. , Calle Paul , Ladymon Avery D. , Yan Feng , Yan Yuyang , Ton Sam , Fung Kar‐ming , Patel Sanjay G. , Yu Zhongxin , Pan Chongle , Tang Qinggong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring laparoscopic surgery, the Veress needle is commonly used in pneumoperitoneum establishment. Precise placement of the Veress needle is still a challenge for the surgeon. In this study, a computer‐aided endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was developed to effectively and safely guide Veress needle insertion. This endoscopic system was tested by imaging subcutaneous fat, muscle, abdominal space, and the small intestine from swine samples to simulate the surgical process, including the situation with small intestine injury. Each tissue layer was visualized in OCT images with unique features and subsequently used to develop a system for automatic localization of the Veress needle tip by identifying tissue layers (or spaces) and estimating the needle‐to‐tissue distance. We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in automatic tissue classification and distance estimation. The average testing accuracy in tissue classification was 98.53 ± 0.39%, and the average testing relative error in distance estimation reached 4.42 ± 0.56% (36.09 ± 4.92 μm).
Applying culturalist methodologies to discern COVID‐19's impact on communities of color
Authors: Grills Cheryl , Carlos Chavez Fiorella L. , Saw Anne , Walters Karina L. , Burlew Kathleen , Randolph Cunningham Suzanne M. , Rosario Cristalis Capielo , Samoa Raynald , Jackson‐Lowman Huberta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted communities of color (CoC) amid increasing incidents of racial injustices and racism. In this article, we describe our culturalist methodologies for designing and implementing a multi‐ethnic, interdisciplinary national needs assessment developed in partnership with CoC. Instead of a typical western‐centric social science approach that typically ignores and perpetuates structural racism and settler colonialism, the research team implemented culturalist and community‐partnered approaches that were further contextualized to the context of structural racism and settler colonialism. The culturalist approach yielded two sets of themes both related to the impact of the pandemic on CoC. The first set involved syndemic factors that contribute to the adverse impact of COVID‐19. These include historical trauma; racism, racial stress, and discrimination; and cultural mistrust. The second set consisted of factors that potentially mitigate the impact of the COVID‐19. These include cultural protective factors; community engagement; communal ethos, and data disaggregation. Our methodologies and the resulting findings encourage research praxis that uplifts the shared effects of the social determinants of health while honoring unique cultural and contextual experiences—a lesson that social science researchers largely have yet to learn.
Possible impacts of spring subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole on the summer tropical cyclone genesis frequency over the western North Pacific
Authors: Zhou Qun , Zhang Runyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe linkage between the spring subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) events and tropical cyclone genesis frequency over the western North Pacific (WNP) in the following summer is investigated in this study. It is found that their correlation is positive and statistically significant with a greater number of TCs genesis over the WNP in summer of a positive SIOD year. After removing the ENSO effects, diagnostic analysis reveals that under positive SIOD conditions the summertime WNP monsoon trough becomes intensified. Correspondingly, there are enhanced lower‐level vorticity, reduced vertical zonal wind shear, increased middle‐level relative humidity and vertical velocity over the WNP, conductive to generation of more TCs. Further examination indicates that the Mascarene high and Australian high are strengthened successively from spring to subsequent summer in a positive SIOD year, contributing to the maintenance of SIOD‐related SST dipole anomalies in southern Indian Ocean due to SST–wind–evaporation feedback mechanism. The resulting cyclonic anomaly is formed at lower troposphere over the WNP induced by the prominently enhanced cross‐equator airflows and the related Ekman upwelling. At upper troposphere, there tend to be remarkably WNP divergence anomalies of the interhemispheric vertical circulation forced by the summertime SST patterns closely associated with positive SIOD cases. By contrast, the monsoon trough is weakened and the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions are unfavourable for the WNP TC genesis in summer of a negative SIOD year, in agreement with a lower‐level anticyclonic anomaly and suppressed deep convection over the WNP forced by the SIOD‐related SST anomalies.
A comparison of global surface temperature variability, extremes and warming trend using reanalysis datasets and CMST‐Interim
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Qingxiang , Song Zhaoyang , Sun Wenbin , Dong Wenjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReanalysis data are widely used to investigate long‐term surface temperature changes due to insufficient spatial coverage of observational data. However, because of the limitations of data assimilation and model performance in the reanalysis datasets, it is essential to evaluate the quality of the reanalysis datasets. Based on the newly released version of China global Merged Surface Temperature dataset, Interim version (CMST‐Interim), the performance of five reanalysis datasets (ERA5, NCEP/NCAR R1, JRA‐55, CERA‐20C, and 20CRv3), covering more than 50 years, is compared in terms of long‐term variation bias, warming trend, and the consistency of the extreme temperature years from the period 1958–2010. The results reflect that the above reanalysis datasets have reasonable representativeness of global temperature change. ERA5 and 20CRv3 perform better than the other reanalysis datasets, with relatively small deviation, their warming trends are closer to the observation results, the appearance of extreme temperature years are also more consistent with the observed, and CERA‐20C is the next. JRA‐55 is slightly better in detecting the extremely cold years, while NCEP/NCAR R1 is slightly worse in biases but performs well in high‐temperature years reproduction.