bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LiquidDiffract: software for liquid total scattering analysis
Authors: Heinen Benedict J. , Drewitt James W. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiquidDiffract is an open source, Python-based graphical application for X-ray total scattering analysis of liquids and disordered solids. The software implements procedures to obtain information on macroscopic bulk properties and local atomic-scale structure of monatomic or polyatomic samples from X-ray total scattering data. LiquidDiffract provides an easy to use interface with tools to perform background subtraction; calculation, normalisation, and refinement of the reciprocal-space structure factor and real-space correlation functions; and the extraction of structural information such as bond lengths, coordination number, and bulk density. The software is well suited to investigations of amorphous materials at extreme conditions, such as studies of high-pressure melt structure, polyamorphic phase transitions, and liquid equations of state. The open-source distribution and graphical interface will be of particular benefit to researchers who are new to the field. In this article we describe the distribution, system requirements, and installation of LiquidDiffract, and detail the data processing workflow and underlying numerical methods.
Is a preoperative pathogen detection a prerequisite before undergoing one-stage exchange for prosthetic joint infection of the hip?
Authors: Karczewski Daniel , Seutz Yannick , Hipfl Christian , Akgün Doruk , Andronic Octavian , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
A preoperative pathogen detection is considered a prerequisite before undergoing one-stage exchange for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) according to most guidelines. This study compares patients with and without preoperative pathogen detection undergoing one-stage exchange for PJI of the hip. The authors put up the hypothesis that a preoperative pathogen detection is no prerequisite in selected cases undergoing one-stage exchange.

Methods
30 consecutive patients with PJI of the hip, treated with one-stage exchange, between 2011 and 2021, were retrospectively included. Mean age was 70 years and mean follow-up 2.1 ± 1.8 years. PJI was defined according to the European Bone and Joint Infection Society. One-stage exchange was performed in (1) chronic PJI longer than 4 weeks, (2) well-retained bone condition, (3) absence of multiple prior revisions for PJI (≤ 2) with absence of difficult-to-treat pathogens in the past, and (4) necessity/preference for early mobility due to comorbidities/age.

Results
One-stage exchange was performed in 20 patients with and in 10 without a preoperative pathogen detection. Age (71 years, 68 years, p = 0.519), sex (50% and 30% males, p = 0.440), American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (2.2, 2.4, p = 0.502), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (3, 4, p = 0.530) did not differ among the two groups. No significant differences were noted concerning preoperative CRP (15 mg/l, 43 mg/l, p = 0.228), synovial cell count (15.990/nl, 5.308/nl, p = 0.887), radiological signs of loosening (55%, 50%, p = 0.999), and intraoperative histopathology. Except a higher rate of coagulase-negative staphylococci (70%, 20%, p = 0.019) in patients with a preoperative pathogen detection, no significant differences in pathogen spectrum were identified among groups. Revision for PJI recurrence was performed in one patient with an initial preoperative pathogen detection (3.3%). Additional revisions were performed for dislocation in two and postoperative hematoma in one patient. Revision rate for both septic and aseptic causes (p = 0.999), stay in hospital (16 and 15 days, p = 0.373) and modified Harris Hip Score (60, 71, p = 0.350) did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Patients with and without a preoperative pathogen detection did not show significant differences concerning baseline characteristics, clinical and functional outcomes at 2 years. An absent preoperative pathogen detection is no absolute contraindication for one-stage exchange in chronic PJI, if involving good bone quality and absence of multiple prior revisions.
Neuropsychological symptoms in workers handling cargo from shipping containers and export logs
Authors: Hinz Ruth , ’t Mannetje Andrea , Glass Bill , McLean Dave , Douwes Jeroen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acute poisonings of workers handling shipping containers by fumigants and other harmful chemicals off-gassed from cargo have been reported but (sub)-chronic neuropsychological effects have not been well studied.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed, using standardised questionnaires, current (past 3-months) neuropsychological symptoms in 274 container handlers, 38 retail workers, 35 fumigators, and 18 log workers, all potentially exposed to fumigants and off-gassed chemicals, and a reference group of 206 construction workers. Prevalence odds ratios (OR), adjusted for age, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, personality traits and BMI, were calculated to assess associations with the total number of symptoms (≥ 3, ≥ 5 or ≥ 10) and specific symptom domains (neurological, psychosomatic, mood, memory/concentration, fatigue, and sleep).

Results
Compared to the reference group, exposed workers were more likely to report ≥ 10 symptoms, statistically significant only for retail workers (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.9–24.3) who also reported more fatigue (OR 10.7, 95% CI 2.7–42.7). Container handlers with the highest exposure-duration were more likely to report ≥ 10 symptoms, both when compared with reference workers (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4–11.7) and with container handlers with shorter exposure duration (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1.7–32.8). The duration of container handling was particularly associated with symptoms in the memory/concentration domain, again both when compared to reference workers (OR 8.8, 95% CI 2.5–31.4) and workers with the lowest exposure-duration (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.5–30.3).

Conclusion
Container handlers may have an increased risk of neuropsychological symptoms, especially in the memory/concentration domain. Retail workers may also be at risk, but this requires confirmation in a larger study.
Pancreatic Fistula and Biochemical Leak after Splenectomy: Incidence and Risk Factors—A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Mehdorn A. S. , Schwieters A. K. , Mardin W. A. , Senninger N. , Strücker B. , Pascher A. , Vowinkel T. , Becker F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a complication discussed in the context of pancreatic surgery, but may also result from splenectomy; a relationship that has not been investigated extensively yet.

Methods
This retrospective single-center study aimed to analyze incidence of and risk factors for POPF after splenectomy. Patient characteristics included demographic data, surgical procedure, and intra- and postoperative complications. POPF was defined according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery as POPF of grade B and C or biochemical leak (BL).

Results
Over ten years, 247 patients were identified, of whom 163 underwent primary (spleen-associated pathologies) and 84 secondary (extrasplenic oncological or technical reasons) splenectomy. Thirty-six patients (14.6%) developed POPF of grade B/C or BL, of which 13 occurred after primary (7.9%) and 23 after secondary splenectomy (27.3%). Of these, 25 (69.4%) were BL, 7 (19.4%) POPF of grade B and 4 (11.1%) POPF of grade C. BL were treated conservatively while three patients with POPF of grade B required interventional procedures and 4 with POPF of grade C required surgery. POPF and BL was noted significantly more often after secondary splenectomy and longer procedures. Multivariate analysis confirmed secondary splenectomy and use of energy-based devices as independent risk factors for development of POPF/BL after splenectomy.

Conclusion
With an incidence of 4.5%, POPF is a relevant complication after splenectomy. The main risk factor identified was secondary splenectomy. Although POPF and BL can usually be treated conservatively, it should be emphasized when obtaining patients’ informed consent and treated at centers with experience in pancreatic surgery.
Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in parents of children with congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Hoermann Henrike , Salimi Dafsari Roschan , Koestner Felix , Mayatepek Ertan , Kummer Sebastian , Reinauer Christina , Meissner Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess mental health, family burden, and quality of life (PQoL) in parents of children with persistent congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Forty-eight individual CHI parents (75% female) completed self-reported questionnaires and screening tools for anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), PQoL (ULQIE), and family burden (FaBeL). Additional data on sociodemographics, social support, and child- and disease-related data were recorded. 29.8% of parents showed major depressive symptoms and 38.3% had a probable general anxiety disorder, including 20.8% who had both. The family burden was moderate and assessment of PQoL yielded average scores. Neurological impairment in an affected child (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively) and lower working hours (p = .001 and p = .012, respectively) were the strongest predictors of worse GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores. Furthermore, lower working hours (p = .012) and comorbidities in the affected child (p = .007) were significantly associated with lower PQoL. Mothers had worse GAD-7 scores (p = .006) and lower PQoL (p = .035) than fathers. Indication of sleep disturbance was associated with worse PHQ-8 scores (p = .003), higher family burden (p = .039), and reduced PQoL (p = .003). A higher number of caretakers besides parents was associated with decreased family burden (p = .019), improved PQoL (p < .001), and lower scores for anxiety (p = .016) and depressive (p = .021) symptoms. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are alarmingly prevalent in parents of children with CHI. Psychological screening of parents should be initiated to ensure early identification of psychological strains and psychosocial support should be offered as needed. A good support network and regular work activities can improve parental mental health and well-being.

What is Known:• Psychosocial strains and reduced quality of life are common in parents of chronically ill children.

What is New:• In this first study evaluating mental health, family burden, and quality of life in parents of children with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), symptoms of depression and anxiety were alarmingly prevalent.• Parents of children with CHI should receive regular psychological screening and psychosocial support should be offered as needed. A good support network and regular work activities can improve parental mental health and well-being.
Volcanologists—who are we and where are we going?
Authors: Kavanagh Janine L. , Annen Catherine J. , Burchardt Steffi , Chalk Caitlin , Gallant Elisabeth , Morin Julie , Scarlett Jazmin , Williams Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEquity, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) are principles all scientific groups and organisations should strive to achieve as they secure working conditions, policies and practices that not only promote high-quality scientific output but also well-being in their communities. In this article, we reflect on the progress of EDI in volcanology by presenting data related to memberships of international volcanology organisations, positions on volcanology committees, volcanology awards and lead-authorship on volcanology papers. The sparse demographic data available means our analysis focuses mainly on gender identity discrimination, but we show that discrimination related to ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, physical ability and socio-economic background is also occurring, with the intersection of these discriminations further exacerbating marginalisation within the volcanology community. We share suggestions and recommendations from other disciplines on how individuals, research groups and organisations can promote, develop and implement new initiatives to call out and tackle discrimination and advance EDI in the volcanological community. There is a lot of potential for improvement if we all see our role in creating a more equitable, diverse and inclusive volcanology community. This requires (1) awareness: acknowledgement of the problem, (2) commitment: through the statement of EDI core values and the development of action plans, codes of conducts and guidelines, (3) action: aiming for representation of all groups, and (4) reflection: development through critical self-reflection and a willingness to address shortcomings.
Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues
Authors: Marshall Lauren R. , Maters Elena C. , Schmidt Anja , Timmreck Claudia , Robock Alan , Toohey Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Volcanic eruptions have long been studied for their wide range of climatic effects. Although global-scale climatic impacts following the formation of stratospheric sulfate aerosol are well understood, many aspects of the evolution of the early volcanic aerosol cloud and regional impacts are uncertain. In the last twenty years, several advances have been made, mainly due to improved satellite measurements and observations enabling the effects of small-magnitude eruptions to be quantified, new proxy reconstructions used to investigate the impact of past eruptions, and state-of-the-art aerosol-climate modelling that has led to new insights on how volcanic eruptions affect the climate. Looking to the future, knowledge gaps include the role of co-emissions in volcanic plumes, the impact of eruptions on tropical hydroclimate and Northern Hemisphere winter climate, and the role of eruptions in long-term climate change. Future model development, dedicated model intercomparison projects, interdisciplinary collaborations, and the application of advanced statistical techniques will facilitate more complex and detailed studies. Ensuring that the next large-magnitude explosive eruption is well observed will be critical in providing invaluable observations that will bridge remaining gaps in our understanding.
Benefit of B7-1 staining and abatacept for treatment-resistant post-transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a predominantly pediatric cohort: time for a reappraisal
Authors: Burke George W. , Chandar Jayanthi , Sageshima Junichiro , Ortigosa-Goggins Mariella , Amarapurkar Pooja , Mitrofanova Alla , Defreitas Marissa J. , Katsoufis Chryso P. , Seeherunvong Wacharee , Centeno Alexandra , Pagan Javier , Mendez-Castaner Lumen A. , Mattiazzi Adela D. , Kupin Warren L. , Guerra Giselle , Chen Linda J. , Morsi Mahmoud , Figueiro Jose M. G. , Vianna Rodrigo , Abitbol Carolyn L. , Roth David , Fornoni Alessia , Ruiz Phillip , Ciancio Gaetano , Garin Eduardo H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary FSGS manifests with nephrotic syndrome and may recur following KT. Failure to respond to conventional therapy after recurrence results in poor outcomes. Evaluation of podocyte B7-1 expression and treatment with abatacept (a B7-1 antagonist) has shown promise but remains controversial.

Methods
From 2012 to 2020, twelve patients developed post-KT FSGS with nephrotic range proteinuria, failed conventional therapy, and were treated with abatacept. Nine/twelve (< 21 years old) experienced recurrent FSGS; three adults developed de novo FSGS, occurring from immediately, up to 8 years after KT. KT biopsies were stained for B7-1.

Results
Nine KTRs (75%) responded to abatacept. Seven of nine KTRs were B7-1 positive and responded with improvement/resolution of proteinuria. Two patients with rFSGS without biopsies resolved proteinuria after abatacept. Pre-treatment UPCR was 27.0 ± 20.4 (median 13, range 8–56); follow-up UPCR was 0.8 ± 1.3 (median 0.2, range 0.07–3.9, p < 0.004). Two patients who were B7-1 negative on multiple KT biopsies did not respond to abatacept and lost graft function. One patient developed proteinuria while receiving belatacept, stained B7-1 positive, but did not respond to abatacept.

Conclusions
Podocyte B7-1 staining in biopsies of KTRs with post-transplant FSGS identifies a subset of patients who may benefit from abatacept.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Utility, barriers and facilitators to the use of connected health to support families impacted by paediatric cancer: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Delemere Emma , Gitonga Isaiah , Maguire Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
As healthcare systems are increasingly burdened, the efficiencies and cost savings offered by connected health (CH, i.e. two-way communicative healthcare technologies such as eHealth or mHealth) present an attractive solution for supporting families impacted by cancer. More research is required, however, to examine attitudes towards CH to better facilitate its use in practice. This study seeks to examine the utility, barriers and facilitators of CH use for families affected by paediatric cancer living in Ireland.

Methods
Healthcare professionals (n = 5) and parents of children with cancer (n = 7) completed semi-structured interviews on their experiences of and attitudes to CH via Microsoft Teams. A reflexive thematic approach to analysis was employed.

Results
CH was perceived to provide support for a number of current needs with themes of ‘shifting responsibilities’, ‘individualisation of care’ and ‘knowledge as power’. Through facilitating communication, information sharing and monitoring of child health, CH was perceived to support decreased parental burden and increased parental control, with positive child outcomes thought likely. Perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of CH included the ‘importance of trust’, ‘pace of change’ and ‘access’.

Conclusion
While results suggest an acceptance of CH across key stakeholders, barriers and facilitators should be considered to support effective implementation. While further analysis of the efficacy of CH to support families impacted by paediatric cancer is needed, these findings highlight key areas where CH may be effectively employed.
Algebraic Degrees of 3-Dimensional Polytopes
Authors: Belotti Mara , Joswig Michael , Panizzut Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResults of Koebe (Ber. Sächs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-phys. Kl. 88, 141–164, 1936), Schramm (Invent. Math. 107(3), 543560, 1992), and Springborn (Math. Z. 249, 513–517, 2005) yield realizations of 3-polytopes with edges tangent to the unit sphere. Here we study the algebraic degrees of such realizations. This initiates the research on constrained realization spaces of polytopes.
How useful is the Making Every Contact Count Healthy Conversation Skills approach for supporting people with musculoskeletal conditions?
Authors: Parchment Amelia , Lawrence Wendy , Rahman Em , Townsend Nick , Wainwright Elaine , Wainwright David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the current use and perceptions of the Wessex model of Making Every Contact Count (MECC), incorporating Healthy Conversation Skills (HCS), focussing specifically on physiotherapists supporting people living with musculoskeletal conditions.MethodsA mixed method, sequential explanatory design was employed. This article reports the first phase of the study, in which an online questionnaire was administered, consisting of items relating to perceived acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, sustainability, and uptake of MECC HCS. Barriers and facilitators to MECC HCS delivery were additionally explored and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsSeventy-one professionals responded, including 15 physiotherapists supporting people with MSK conditions. Across professional groups, MECC HCS was found to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. A significant interaction between perceived sustainability of MECC HCS and the location in which professionals worked was observed. Physiotherapists reported using their MECC HCS at least daily; however, there were discrepancies between the number of their patients they believed could benefit from behaviour change intervention, and the number to whom they reported actually delivering MECC HCS. Perceived barriers and facilitators to MECC HCS implementation mapped mostly to ‘Environmental Context and Resources’ on the Theoretical Domains Framework.ConclusionsThe Wessex model of MECC is a promising brief or very brief intervention for physiotherapists supporting individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. Barriers associated with the sustainability of the intervention within organisations must be addressed in order to enhance future implementation. Further rollout of this intervention may be beneficial for meeting the goals of the NHS and Public Health England in prevention of chronic MSK conditions and promotion of musculoskeletal health.
Pin-supported walls as seismic retrofit for existing RC frames: feasibility and preliminary design
Authors: Casprini Elena , Belleri Andrea , Marini Alessandra , Labò Simone , Passoni Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe seismic retrofit of the existing building heritage represents an urgent issue to be faced and innovative solutions which allow to overcome renovation barriers are needed. In this scenario, pin-supported (PS) walls represent an eligible solution, enabling linearization of the deformation of the frame along its height and inhibiting soft storey collapse mechanisms. The PS wall can be connected to the existing building from outside, thereby avoiding disruption to occupants or their relocation, which are acknowledged as the main barriers to the renovation nowadays. Suitability of PS wall solutions in the seismic retrofit of the existing building stock has been investigated herein, particularly in the case of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, preliminarily focusing on 2D RC frames. The paper shows the weaknesses and strengths of the PS wall solution in relation to the specific features of the considered buildings. An analytical closed-form formulation is proposed and applied as a preliminary tool to evaluate the load distribution in the existing frame and in the PS wall after the retrofit considering the first mode of vibration of the retrofitted system. The results show that, in some conditions, the application of PS walls may be detrimental to the structural response. Along with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the retrofit solution, the proposed formulation allows a preliminary design of the retrofit system. Finally, a series of finite element model analyses have been carried out for validation purposes showing a good agreement between the proposed analytical formulation and the numerical results.
Analyzing networks in communication: a mixed methods study of a political debate
Authors: Fuhse Jan A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow can we detect and analyze network ties in non-reactive communication data? Previous network research mostly relies on the mere occurrence of events between actors (e.g., e-mails, citations). The paper proposes combining qualitative interpretation of communication and formal quantitative analysis. Conversation analysis and interactional sociolinguistics give us methods to qualitatively discern how actors are related in communication (relational meaning). This can be typified into kinds of relational events like “attack” or “support”. Types of social relationships (“alliance” or “conflict”) are characterized by specific combinations of relational events. These methods are used exemplarily to analyze a televised political debate between six party representatives in Germany. Three prominent types of relational events are identified qualitatively: interruptions that are supportive or adversarial, and accounts of action. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows these relational events to fall into four types of relations (alliance, all-out attack, moderate attack, ignore).