bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro assessment of real-time phase contrast MRI accuracy
Authors: LIU Pan , FALL Sidy , AHIATSI Maureen , BALEDENT Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundConventional cine phase-contrast MRI (Conv-PC) is the gold standard for blood flow measurements but can only provide flow measurements for an averaged heartbeat cycle (using cardiac gating). In contrast to Conv-PC, phase-contrast echo-planar MRI (EPI-PC) can be used to quantify the blood flow rate in real-time – giving the technique great potential for clinical and research applications. The objectives of the present in vitro study were to compare the accuracy of EPI-PC and Conv-PC and to assess the influence of pixel size and velocity encoding on flow measurements obtained with the two sequences.MethodsFlow quantification was assessed using a pulsatile flow phantom. The flow rate curves were extracted with in-house post-processing software, and the flow curves from EPI-PC were reconstructed to give an average pulse cycle with 32 sampling points with the same waveform as that obtained with Conv-PC. Firstly, the accuracy of the EPI-PC was checked by comparing it with the flow rate in the calibrated phantom and the pulsation index from Conv-PC. Secondly, flow data from the two sequences were compared quantitatively as a function of the pixel size and the velocity encoding.ResultsThe mean percentage difference between the EPI-PC flow rate and calibrated phantom flow rate was -2.9 %, which was within the confidence interval. The pulsatility indices for EPI-PC and Conv-PC were respectively 0.64 and 0.59. In order to keep the flow rate measurement error within 10%, the ROI in Conv-PC had to contain at least 13 pixels, while the ROI in EPI-PC had to contain at least 9 pixels. Furthermore, Conv-PC had a higher velocity-to-noise ratio and could use a higher velocity encoding than EPI-PC (20cm/s and 15cm/s, respectively).ConclusionsThe result of an in vitro study confirmed the accuracy of EPI-PC. Furthermore, EPI-PC was found to be less sensitive than Conv-PC at a low spatial resolution but was more sensitive than Conv-PC to velocity encoding.
Element selection for functional materials discovery by integrated machine learning of atomic contributions to properties
Authors: Vasylenko Andrij , Antypov Dmytro , Gusev Vladimir , Gaultois Michael , Dyer Matthew , Rosseinsky Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
At the high level, the fundamental differences between materials originate from the unique nature of the constituent chemical elements. Before specific differences emerge according to the precise ratios of elements (composition) in a given crystal structure (phase), the material can be represented by its phase field defined simply as the set of the constituent chemical elements. Classification of the materials at the level of their phase fields can accelerate materials discovery by selecting the elemental combinations that are likely to produce desirable functional properties in synthetically accessible materials. Here, we demonstrate that classification of the materials’ phase field with respect to the maximum expected value of a target functional property can be combined with the ranking of the materials’ synthetic accessibility. This end-to-end machine learning approach (PhaseSelect) first derives the atomic characteristics from the compositional environments in all computationally and experimentally explored materials, and then employs these characteristics to classify the phase field by their merit. PhaseSelect can quantify the materials’ potential at the level of the periodic table, which we demonstrate with significant accuracy for three avenues of materials’ applications: high-temperature superconducting, high-temperature magnetic and targetted energy band gap materials.
Effectiveness of REGEN-COV Antibody Combination in Preventing Severe COVID-19 Outcomes
Authors: Hayek Samah , Ben-Shlomo Yatir , Dagan Noa , Reis Ben , Barda Noam , Kepten Eldad , Roitman Alina , Shapira Shachar , Yaron Shlomit , Balicer Ran , Netzer Doron , Peretz Alon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
REGEN-COV, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been approved as a treatment for high-risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 5 days of their diagnosis. We used the data repositories of Israel’s largest healthcare organization to determine the real-world effectiveness of REGEN-COV treatment against COVID-19 related hospitalization, severe disease, and death. We compared patients infected with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and treated with REGEN-COV (n = 289) to those infected but untreated with REGEN-COV (n = 1,294). Patients were matched and further adjusted on demographic and clinical characteristics, with estimated treatment effectiveness defined as one minus the hazard ratio. Treatment effectiveness of REGEN-COV was 55.2% (95% CI: 21.5–74.5%) in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization, 59.4% (95% CI: 20.2–79.4%) in preventing severe COVID-19, and 93.8% (95% CI: 54.4–99.2%) in preventing COVID-19 death in the 28 days after treatment. In conclusion, REGEN-COV was effective in reducing the risk of severe sequelae in high-risk COVID-19 patients.
The Development and Validation of a Questionnaire Measuring Digital Eye Strain and Risk Level (DESRIL-27)
Authors: sharbini Sharimawati , Hamid Zubda , Rahman Hanif Abdul , Idris Fazean Irdayati , Naing Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Daily exposure and overuse of digital devices are associated with several health-related issues to human eye, muscles and bones that are collectively termed as Digital Eye Strain and related Musculoskeletal Disorders. These problems have become worse during covid-19 pandemic due to global shift towards working online. This paper introduces a validated research instrument called DESRIL-27 to be used in assessing digital eye strain and related musculoskeletal disorders, with their associated risk factors in the working population.Methods: DESRIL-27 was developed from thorough review of salient literatures and in consultation with a team of experts to ensure the content validity. This 27-item tool consists of two scales, namely symptom severity and risk level scales. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of DESRIL-27. Results: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 for Symptom Severity and 0.88 for Risk Level from the scales in the questionnaire. Principal Component Analysis results ranged from acceptable to very good. Conclusions: The procedures adopted for the validation and the results of the analysis reveal that DESRIL-27 is a reliable and valid research instrument. It can be safely used in future research studies to assess the visual and musculoskeletal problems and their risk factors in digital screen users. The resultant knowledge can help individuals, health practitioners, and related policy makers to prevent and control these problems at workplace.
Lymphocyte subsets in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) interrogated by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Guslund Naomi , Krabberød Anders , Nørstebø Simen , Solbakken Monica , Jakobsen Kjetill , Johansen Finn-Eirik , Qiao Shuo-Wang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells in cod, but further characterization of lymphocyte subsets are needed to elucidate immune adaptations triggered by the absence of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the lymphocyte heterogeneity in Atlantic cod spleen. We describe five TCR-positive T cell subsets and eight BCR-positive B cell subsets and propose a B cell trajectory of differentiation. Notably, we identify a significant subpopulation of T cells that are CD8-negative. Most of the CD8-negative T lymphocytes highly express the homolog of monocyte chemotactic protein 1b, and another subset of CD8-negative T lymphocytes express the homolog of the scavenger receptor m130. Uncovering the multiple lymphocyte cell sub-clusters reveals the different immune states present within the B and T cell populations, building a foundation for further work.
Revealing the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Conjugated Oximates: Towards a New Functionality for Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiande , Apostol Petru , Rambabu Darsi , Liu Xuelian , Guo Xiaolong , Robeyns Koen , Lakraychi Alae Eddine , Morari Cristian , Gohy Jean-Francois , Gupta Deepak , Vlad Alexandru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the rising advent of organic Li-ion cathodes with practical characteristic of being air-stable while in the reduced lithium-reservoir form, we report herein a new class of organic Li-ion positive electrode materials - the conjugated oximate lithium salts. The solid-phase electrochemistry of first five examples of the oximate class, including cyclic (aromatic), acyclic (non-aromatic), aliphatic and tetra-functional stereotypes, uncovers the complex interplay between the molecular structure and the electroactivity in the solid phase, as well as the potential of this rich family as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The conjugation of oximate functions within the molecular core is found to endow excellent air stability of lithiated reduced phases, an important prerequisite for practical use as Li-ion positive electrode materials. Amongst the exotic features characterizing the solid-state electrochemistry of this class of materials, the most appealing one belongs to the reversible solid-state polymerization through intermolecular azodioxy coupling (-ONNO-) and the intramolecular furoxan cyclization of their oxidized forms. In the disclosed series of materials, the best performing candidate delivers high reversible capacity of 357 at an average potential of 3.0 vs. Li+/Li0, attaining over 1 KWh kg-1 specific energy content.
Rheumatoid arthritis Fibroblast-like synoviocytes maintain tumor-like biological characteristics through ciRS-7-dependent regulation of miR-7
Authors: Hu Zuoyu , Chen Jingrong , Wang Manli , Weng Weizhen , Chen Ye , Pan Yunfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered phenotype of Fibroblast-like synoviocyte(FLS) is an important cause of the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) , but the specific mechanism causing this change has not yet been fully explained. The exact mechanism by which the biological properties of FLS change in RA is still unclear. MiRNAs regulate the biological activity of FLS. Thus, we first used miRNA microarray and WGCNA to confirm the RA-FLS miRNA landscape and establish their biological functions via network analyses at the system level, as well as to provide a platform for modulating the overall phenotypic effects of RA-FLS.METHODS We enrolled a total of 3 patients with RA and 3 healthy participants, constructed a network analysis of via miRNA microarray and RNA-sequencing. Furthermore, the coexpression analyses of miR-7 and ciRS-7 were verified by siRNA transfection, overexpression and qPCR analyses. Finally, we evaluated the effects of adjusting the expression levels of miR-7 and ciRS-7 on RA-FLS, respectively.RESULTS We identified distinct miRNA features in RA-FLS, including miR-7, which was significantly lower expressed. Furthermore, we discovered the negative regulatory relationship between ciRS-7 and miR-7 in RA-FLS. Finally, we overexpressed miR-7 in RA-FLS and discovered that miR-7 inhibited RA-FLS hyperproliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, whereas ciRS-7 overexpression reversed these effects.CONCLUSION Our investigation identified that ciRS-7-miR-7 axis affects the tumor-like biological characters of RA-FLS. These findings could aid in our understanding of essential roles of miR-7 in RA-FLS and will facilitate to development potential intervention target for RA.
HDAC class IIa expression and regulation in human endometrial tissues and stromal cells during the menstrual cycle
Authors: Gujral Palak , Mahajan Vishakha , Ponnampalam Anna P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that deacetylate the lysine residues on the protruding histone tails, causing tightening of the chromatin structure and making genes inaccessible to be transcribed. Class I and II HDACs have been involved in cell cycle regulation and progression. Class 1 HDACs have been widely studied in endometrial pathologies and menstrual cycle regulation. Studies have shown that class IIa HDACs (4, 5, 7, and 9) regulate the cell cycle, proliferation, and differentiation. But any potential roles for class IIa HDACs in endometrial biology have not been explored. This study aims to characterise the temporal expression of class IIa HDACs in the endometrium and their regulation by steroid hormones in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). Methods: mRNA expression and protein expression of HDAC 4, 5, 7, and 9 were analyzed in endometrial tissue biopsies collected from premenopausal women throughout the menstrual cycle by real-time quantitative PCR and fluorescent western blot analysis, respectively. Effect of hormonal regulation on class IIa HDAC expression was studied in endometrial stromal cell line following treatments with estrogen (E2) and estrogen-progesterone combined (E2+P4) over 24hrs, 48hrs, and 72hrs period. The cells were also treated with HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) combined with the steroid hormones. Results: In endometrial tissue, mRNA expression of class IIa HDACs showed cyclic changes. HDACs 5 and 7 were significantly upregulated during the early secretory phase, while HDAC9 was upregulated during the mid-secretory phase, compared to other cycle stages. In addition, HDAC 5 and 9 proteins were significantly upregulated in the human endometrium during the secretory phase, compared to the proliferative stage. Protein expression levels of class IIa HDACs in HESCs were upregulated in response to the combined estrogen-progesterone treatment for 24 and 48 hrs, in vitro. While TSA mitigated these hormonal effects.. Conclusions: This study shows that class IIa HDACs are expressed in the human endometrium in a cyclic pattern and are influenced by steroid hormones. Suggesting their possible involvement in menstrual cycle regulation and endometrial pathologies.
A comparison of transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Manathunga S.S , Abeyagunawardena I. A , Dharmaratne S.D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has currently detected five Variants of Concern of SARS-CoV-2 having the WHO labels of ‘Alpha’, ‘Beta’, ‘Gamma’, ‘Delta’ and ‘Omicron’. We aimed to assess and compare the transmissibility of the five VOCs in terms of basic reproduction number, time-varying reproduction number and growth rate.

Methods

Publicly available data on the number of analyzed sequences over two-week windows for each country were extracted from covariants.org and GISAID initiative database. The ten countries which reported the highest number of analyzed sequences for each of the five variants were included in the final dataset and was analyzed using R language. The epidemic curves for each variant were estimated utilizing the two-weekly discretized incidence data using local regression (LOESS) models. The basic reproduction number was estimated with the exponential growth rate method. The time-varying reproduction number was calculated for the estimated epidemic curves by the ratio of the number of new infections generated at time step t to the total infectiousness of infected individuals at time t, using the EpiEstim package.

Results

The highest R0 for the variants Alpha (1.22), Beta (1.19), Gamma (1.21), Delta (1.38) and Omicron (1.90) were reported from Japan, Belgium, the United States, France and South Africa, respectively. Nine out of ten epidemic curves with the highest estimated growth rates and reproduction numbers were due to the Omicron variant indicating the highest transmissibility.

Conclusions

The transmissibility was highest in the omicron variant followed by Delta, Alpha, Gamma and Beta respectively.
Substrate Effect on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Two-Dimensional Mo2C Monolayers
Authors: Lee Sujin , Min Byungjoon , Bang Junhyeok 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be modified by the substrates. In this study, the substrate effect on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 2D Mo2C monolayers was investigated using first principles calculations. The isolated Mo2C monolayer shows large variation in HER activity depending on hydrogen coverage: it has relatively low activity at low hydrogen coverage but high activity at high hydrogen coverage. Among Ag, Au, Cu, and graphene substrates, the HRE activity is improved on the Ag and Cu substrates especially at low hydrogen coverage, while the effects of the Au and graphene substrates on the HER activity are insignificant. The improvement is caused by the charge redistribution in the Mo2C layer on the substrate, and therefore the HER activity becomes high for any hydrogen coverage on the Ag and Cu substrates. Our results suggest that, in two-dimensional electrocatalysis, the substrate has a degree of freedom to tune the catalytic activity.
Regionalization of catchment hydrological model parameters for global water resources simulations
Authors: Qi Wen-yan , Chen Jie , Li Lu , Xu Chong-Yu , Li Jingjing , Xiang Yiheng , Zhang Shaobo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParameter regionalization of hydrological models is one of the most commonly used methods for hydrological prediction over ungauged catchments. Although there were many regional studies, there is no clear conclusion on the best-performing regionalization method for global hydrological modelling. The objective of this study is to determine an appropriate global-scale regionalization scheme (GSRS) for global hydrological modelling. To this end, the performance of five regionalization methods with two different average options, two weighting approaches, and seven efficiency thresholds (i.e. Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) values to measure hydrological model performances) was compared over thousands of catchments based on four conceptual hydrological models. Results of nine global models from the Global Earth Observation for Integrated Water Resource Assessment (EartH2Observe) project were selected to validate the accuracy of GSRS in estimating global runoff. The results show that: (1) Spatial proximity method with the Inverse Distance Weighting method and the output average option offers the best regionalization result when using the KGE ≥ 0.5 as an efficiency threshold for all four hydrological models, (2) the regionalization-based global hydrological simulation schemes (RGHSs), i.e. the proposed GSRS combining with four hydrological models, consistently performs better than the nine global models from EartH2Observe project in the estimation of runoff for most catchments, with varying degrees of improvement in the median, upper and lower quartiles, and whiskers of each performance metric, and (3) the global long-term annual water resources estimated by RGHSs range between 42,592 and 46,810 km3/yr.
Research on partition strategy of an urban water supply network based on optimized hierarchical clustering algorithm
Authors: Xia Wei , Wang Shi , Shi Mingjun , Xia Qing , Jin Wenting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The partitioning of the urban water supply network can significantly enhance water supply quality. Nonetheless, the bulk of the recently deployed partition approaches overlooked the question of whether the district's fluctuation regulation of flow data is consistent. When the district is modified, it most likely leads to an increase in pressure at a node. To tackle the problem, the flow data from a city's water supply network was evaluated in this article. The random forest approach was also used to extract time-domain characteristics from flow data, and the water supply network split was optimized using the random forest-hierarchical clustering (RF-HC) strategy. Finally, the results were examined and compared. The results suggest that the RF-HC-based water supply network partition technique can better meet the aim of consistent flow changes in the district, as well as offer a theoretical foundation and technological support for the optimal dispatch of press concerning the water supply network.
Discharge modeling in compound channels with non-prismatic floodplains using GMDH and MARS models
Authors: Yonesi Hojjat Allah , Parsaie Abbas , Arshia Azadeh , Shamsi Zahra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, modeling of discharge was performed in compound open channels with non-prismatic floodplains (CCNPF) using soft computation models including multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and group method of data handling (GMDH), and then their results were compared with the multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN). In addition to the total discharge, the discharge separation between the floodplain and main channel was modeled and predicted. The parameters of relative roughness coefficient, the relative area of flow cross-section, relative hydraulic radius, bed slope, the relative width of water surface, relative depth, convergence or divergence angle, relative longitudinal distance as inputs, and discharge were considered as models output. The results demonstrated that the statistical indices of MARS, GMDH, and MLPNN models in the testing stage are R2 = 0.962(RMSE = 0.003), 0.930(RMSE = 0.004), and 0.933(RMSE = 0.004) respectively. Examination of statistical error indices shows that all the developed models have the appropriate accuracy to estimate the flow discharge in CCNPF. Examination of the structure of developed GMDH and MARS models demonstrated that the relative parameters: roughness, area, hydraulic radius, flow aspect ratio, depth, and angle of convergence or divergence of floodplain have the greatest impact on modeling and estimation of discharge.
Degradation of Oxirane Ring for Epoxidation of Palm Oleic Acid
via In Situ Performic Acid
Authors: Azmi Intan Suhada , Wahi Nurul Fathia , Jalil Mohd Jumain 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The world’s raw material consumption has shifted from the use nonrenewable
materials to renewable materials.

Method:
In this study, the epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by in situ performic
acid to produce epoxidized palm oleic acid. Since the epoxide ring is highly reactive, the degradation
of the oxirane was examined by using hydrogen peroxide, formic acid, and water.

Results:
A mathematical model was developed by using the numerical integration of the 4th order
Runge-Kutta method and the results showed that there is a good agreement between the
simulation and experimental data, validating the kinetic model. As a result, the degradation is
highly effective in acidic conditions such as hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, which leads to
the formation of side products such as diol and α-glycol. The kinetic rate (k) parameters obtained
by using ode45 function in MATLAB software is k11= 6.6442, k12= 7.0185, k2= 0.1026, for epoxidation
of palm oleic acid, and k3 = 0.0347, k4= 0.0154, k5= 0.142, in degradation process.

Conclusion:
The minimum error of the simulation is 0.17311.