bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of chemostat culture to nutrient uptake rate measurements by the macroalgaeSaccharina japonicavar.religiosa(Phaeophyceae) andUlva australis(Ulvophyceae)
Authors: Okazaki Ryosuke , Teramoto Narumi , Carlson Andrew K. , Nakanishi Kiyoko , Kudo Isao 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYIn this study, we applied a chemostat culture method, for the first time, to measure the nutrient uptake rate of macroalgae. We examined two methods of measuring the nutrient uptake rate of two macroalgae,Saccharina japonicavar.religiosaandUlva australis, by comparing nutrient uptake kinetics between the chemostat culture and batch culture. In the chemostat culture, the nutrient concentration was kept constant by monitoring the change in nutrient concentration using an Auto Analyzer in real time and adding nutrients to compensate for the macroalgae's nutrient consumption. The nutrient uptake in the chemostat culture could be best fitted to the Michaelis–Menten saturation kinetics. In the batch culture, the nutrient concentration decreased with time, either constantly or exponentially due to a rapid uptake of nutrients by the macroalgae. The nutrient uptake rate in the batch culture generally showed a scattered relationship with nutrient concentration, with a weak fitting to the Michaelis–Menten saturation kinetics. This discrepancy seemed to be partly because the change in nutrient concentration was large between the sampling intervals in the batch culture. Determining an appropriate sampling interval for detectable concentration change is difficult unless the nutrient concentration is measured in real time. Therefore, the application of the chemostat culture method to the measurement of the uptake rate by macroalgae could greatly improve our understanding of nutrient uptake kinetics.
Viewing neurovascular coupling through the lens of combined EEG–fNIRS: A systematic review of current methods
Authors: Yeung Michael K. , Chu Vivian W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurovascular coupling is a key physiological mechanism that occurs in the healthy human brain, and understanding this process has implications for understanding the aging and neuropsychiatric populations. Combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a promising, noninvasive tool for probing neurovascular interactions in humans. However, the utility of this approach critically depends on the methodological quality used for multimodal integration. Despite a growing number of combined EEG–fNIRS applications reported in recent years, the methodological rigor of past studies remains unclear, limiting the accurate interpretation of reported findings and hindering the translational application of this multimodal approach. To fill this knowledge gap, we critically evaluated various methodological aspects of previous combined EEG–fNIRS studies performed in healthy individuals. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO on June 28, 2021. Studies involving concurrent EEG and fNIRS measurements in awake and healthy individuals were selected. After screening and eligibility assessment, 96 studies were included in the methodological evaluation. Specifically, we critically reviewed various aspects of participant sampling, experimental design, signal acquisition, data preprocessing, outcome selection, data analysis, and results presentation reported in these studies. Altogether, we identified several notable strengths and limitations of the existing EEG–fNIRS literature. In light of these limitations and the features of combined EEG–fNIRS, recommendations are made to improve and standardize research practices to facilitate the use of combined EEG–fNIRS when studying healthy neurovascular coupling processes and alterations in neurovascular coupling among various populations.
Oral hygiene status, malocclusion and dental trauma among institutionalized visually impaired and sighted adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ligali Taofeek Olalekan , Nzomiwu Chioma Love , Orenuga Omolola Olubunmi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo compare prevalence of oral hygiene status, dental trauma and malocclusion among institutionalized visually impaired (VI) and non‐visually impaired (NVI) adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria.Methods and resultsA cross sectional study conducted among institutionalized VI and NVI adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria. One hundred and thirty‐two randomly selected VI adolescents aged between 9 and 23 years and 138 NVI participants aged between 9 and 17 years were recruited using a multi‐stage random sampling technique. Oral examination assessed oral hygiene status, dental trauma and malocclusion. Data entry and analysis was by SPSS version 20. Associations were analyzed using chi‐square test. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Male to female ratio among the VI and NVI participants, were 1.5:1 and 1:3, mean ages were 15.03 ± 3.36 and 12.96 years ± 1.89 SD, prevalence of dental injury were 16.67% and 7.2% and malocclusion were 15.2% and 11.6% respectively. More of the NVI participants had good oral hygiene status (29.0%).ConclusionUncomplicated dental injury was more prevalent among the VI male participants than their NVI counterparts while malocclusion was significantly less among the NVI participants. There is an urgent need for the development of policy and protocol on oral health of persons with special needs.
Longitudinal relationships between guilt and suicide risk among adolescents in a postdisaster context: Mediating roles of rumination and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Li Nan , Yuan Yue , Wu Xinchun , Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the pathways and mechanisms underlying the impact of guilt on suicide risk using a well‐controlled longitudinal study, we examined the mediating roles of intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this association.MethodFour hundred and eight adolescent survivors (Mage = 14.05 years) were assessed using self‐report questionnaires three and a half years and four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake. The self‐report questionnaires included the Trauma Exposures Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire, the Event‐Related Rumination Inventory, the PTSD Checklist for the DSM‐5, and the Child Behavior Problems Questionnaire.ResultsThe results indicated that guilt had a direct and positive effect on suicide risk. Intrusive rumination and PTSD mediated the relationship between guilt and suicide risk. Guilt could increase deliberate rumination, but deliberate rumination did not significantly predict PTSD and suicide risk.ConclusionNegative postdisaster emotions, such as guilt, can enhance the combined effects of cognition and psychological disorders on suicide risk. Guilt affects suicide risk indirectly through intrusive rumination and PTSD but not through deliberate rumination.
Metamorphic peak estimates of the Marguareis Unit (Briançonnais Domain): New constrains for the tectonic evolution of the south‐western Alps
Authors: Sanità Edoardo , Di Rosa Maria , Lardeaux Jean Marc , Marroni Michele , Pandolfi Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the Western Alps, while many P–T constraints are available for the high‐grade units, the dataset for the low‐grade units located along the westernmost edge of the belt remains scarcer and incomplete. To face these uncertainties, we quantify for the first time the metamorphic peak conditions of the Marguareis Unit, a fragment of European margin (Briançonnais Domain) regarded till now as very‐low‐grade unit, exposed along the boundary between Maritime and Ligurian Alps (South‐Western Alps), whose deformation history is well constrained. The Marguareis Unit is regarded as a thinned portion of the European continental margin involved in the Alpine collision. Metamorphic peak conditions reconstructed using the chlorite–phengite multi‐equilibrium approach on the Eocene siliciclastic deposits indicate that the Marguareis Unit recorded high‐pressure and low‐temperature conditions during its subduction, accretion and subsequent exhumation into the Alpine wedge.
An improved method for urban Walk Score calculation considering perception of the street environment
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Zhang Jingzhou , Xu Kai , Tang Daimin , Li Yang , Wang Xinchang , Zhang Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWalk Score is widely used to measure the convenience of surrounding amenities and generally considers the physical characteristics of streets (density of crossings, distances, etc.). This article proposes an improved Walk Score evaluation method considering what pedestrians perceive through hearing and sight in the street environment. By using a traffic noise assessment model and a semantic segmentation model, the improved method incorporates traffic noise and vegetation coverage factors as penalties into the original Walk Score. Based on the proposed method, a case study was conducted in Nanjing, China. Compared with the original Walk Score: (1) the improved Walk Score results present more information about how the street environment affects walkability; (2) areas near downtown generally scored higher, while some traditional downtown areas scored lower, which is mainly because the latter areas have little vegetation along the streets; and (3) areas around urban viaducts and overpasses scored lower due to the additional penalty of traffic noise. With the support of the improved Walk Score evaluation method, urban planning and policymakers can develop more comprehensive solutions to improve urban walkability.
ADDRESSING THE NEEDHAM QUESTION FROM A THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARD A CHINESE THEOLOGY OF HOLISTIC WISDOM
Authors: Feng Jacob (Chengwei) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChristian theology in general, and Chinese theology in particular, has remained reticent toward the Needham Question originally posed by Joseph Needham in the 1930s. After a brief survey of the Christian response to the theory of evolution introduced into China in 1898, I address the Needham Question from a theological perspective. Then, building on Jürgen Moltmann's trinitarian proposal, which places science and theology on the common life plane of wisdom, I propose a pneumatological‐trinitarian Chinese theology of science by integrating the natural wisdom and the revealed wisdom, the Chinese wisdom and the wisdom of other cultures.
Measuring health outcomes, experience of care and cost of healthcare in student-led healthcare services: A literature review
Authors: Simmons Lisa M , Emily Callander , Barker Ruth , Barnett Fiona 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In student-led healthcare services, health students take responsibility for the management and delivery of health services as part of clinical training. Like all healthcare services, student-led healthcare services need to be evaluated to ensure they provide high quality, safe and cost-effective services. The aim of this literature review was to understand how student-led healthcare services have been evaluated to date and to assess alignment of previous evaluations with the Triple Aim framework. The Triple Aim is a conceptual framework offering a systematic approach to evaluating healthcare services that may be appropriate for evaluation of student-led services. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for articles describing a student-led healthcare service and were screened for studies that evaluated the impact of a student-led healthcare service on patient outcomes. Critical appraisal was informed by Stiefel and Nolan’s (2012) IHI white paper A Guide to Measuring the “Triple Aim”, and each article was appraised against the Triple Aim measurement principles and dimensions of care.Results: Fourteen of 211 identified articles met the inclusion criteria. All 14 studies met the Triple Aim measurement principles of “a defined population”, “gather data over time” and “distinguish between measures”, while only eight of the 14 studies achieved “comparison data”. All 14 studies measured at least one or more of the Triple Aim dimensions. Conclusions: There was little consistency across the evaluations of student-led healthcare services, limiting the extent to which the benefits of student-led healthcare services can be shown to be a valuable resource to the healthcare system. Further investigation is required to determine a suitable evaluation framework for student-led healthcare services.
Inductive content analysis: A guide for beginning qualitative researchers
Authors: Vears Danya F , Gillam Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Inductive content analysis (ICA), or qualitative content analysis, is a method of qualitative data analysis well-suited to use in health-related research, particularly in relatively small-scale, non-complex research done by health professionals undertaking research-focused degree courses. For those new to qualitative research, the methodological literature on ICA can be difficult to navigate, as it employs a wide variety of terminology and gives a number of different descriptions of when and how to carry it out.In this article, we describe in plain language what ICA is, highlight how it differs from deductive content analysis and thematic analysis, and discuss the key aspects to consider when making decisions about employing ICA in qualitative research. Using a study investigating practices and views around genetic testing in children as an example, we provide a clear step-by-step account of analysing text using ICA. Clear guidance on ICA will be useful for beginning researchers, especially those more familiar with quantitative biomedical and behavioural research, and for their academic and professional supervisors.
The Concept of Acceleration and Deceleration in Isokinetics and Its Relation to 3 Hop Tests
Authors: Vassis Konstantinos , Spanos Savvas , Trigkas Panagiotis , Paras Georgios , Poulis Ioannis 
Published: March 2022

Context: Both isokinetic testing and functional tests are often used during patient rehabilitation programs. Most researchers have assessed the relationship of isokinetic testing and functional tests in parameters such as peak moment, work, or power. However, little information exists regarding the acceleration and deceleration parameters and their relationship to function. Design: The purpose of the study was to investigate the concept of acceleration and deceleration of the knee flexor and extensor muscle groups during isokinetic testing and its relationship to function. Methods: Twenty-six healthy individuals (14 men and 12 women) participated in the study. Isokinetic bilateral concentric knee flexion and extension muscular performance was assessed isokinetically at the angular velocities of 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. Functional performance was also assessed using (1) single hop for distance, (2) triple hop for distance, and (3) single timed hop. Functional data were normalized to body weight. A P value <.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Fair and moderate to good correlations (r = .396, P = .045 to r = .705, P = .001) were discovered between flexors’ and extensors’ acceleration/deceleration variables and the normalized to body weight functional tests. Conclusions: Appropriate understanding of isokinetic parameters as described in this study, including acceleration/deceleration values, may provide useful information about the functional ability of the lower limb muscular system.
Parents’ attitudes to medical education on paediatric ward rounds
Authors: Barrington Julia , Polley Clare , van Heerden Carolyn , Gray Amy 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo understand parents’ attitudes to medical education of junior doctors and students during ward rounds, and to explore how parents’ perceptions vary in medical and surgical paediatric wards.DesignA mixed-methods descriptive study was done using 100 semistructured interviews across two departments at a single tertiary-level paediatric hospital. Quantitative data were derived from closed-ended interview responses and analysed using descriptive statistics to explore overall parental satisfaction with education on rounds. Qualitative data were obtained from open-ended interview responses using inductive content analysis, with themes agreed between three researchers.ResultsThis study demonstrated high parental satisfaction with education on ward rounds, with over 85% of parents satisfied with education occurring on rounds. There was no difference between medical and surgical cohorts despite more parents witnessing teaching on medical rounds (70%) than on surgical rounds (16%). Qualitative data derived four key themes:altruism as the reason for supporting education,the child still comes first,setting the sceneandthe location matters.ConclusionThis research demonstrates parents support education of medical students and junior doctors during ward rounds, provided ward-based learning is not perceived to compromise care. Intentional communication with parents regarding the teaching process, including timing and location of teaching, helps improve engagement and parental satisfaction.
Health workforce governance for compassionate and respectful care: a framework for research, policy and practice
Authors: Cometto Giorgio , Assegid Samuel , Abiyu Geta , Kifle Mesfin , Tunçalp Özge , Syed Shamsuzzoha , Kleine Bingham Melissa , Nyoni Jennifer , Ajuebor Onyema Kester 
Published: March 2022

The progressive realisation of universal health coverage requires that health services are not only available and accessible, but also that they are rendered to the population in an acceptable, compassionate and respectful manner to deliver quality of care. Health workers’ competencies play a central role in the provision of compassionate and respectful care (CRC); but health workers’ behaviour is also influenced by the policy and governance environment in which they operate. The identification of relevant policy levers to enhance CRC therefore calls for actions that enable health workers to optimise their roles and fulfil their responsibilities.This paper aims at exploring the health workforce policy and management levers to enable CRC. Through an overview of selected country experiences, concrete examples are provided to illustrate the range of available policy options. Relevant interventions may span the individual, organisational, or system-wide level. Some policies are specific to CRC and may include, among others, the inclusion of relevant competencies in preservice and in-service education, supportive supervision and accountability mechanisms. Other relevant actions depend on a broader workforce governance approach, including policies that target health workforce availability, distribution and working conditions, or wider system -level factors, including regulatory and financing aspects.The selection of the appropriate system-wide and CRC-specific interventions should be tailored to the national and operational context in relation to its policy objectives and feasibility and affordability considerations. The identification of performance metrics and the collation and analysis of required data are necessary to monitor effectiveness of the interventions adopted.
Efficacy of group biofeedback treatment on hyperemesis gravidarum with psychosomatic symptoms diagnosed with the revised version of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR-R): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cui Xuelian , Cao Jianxin , Rafanelli Chiara , Zhu Boheng , Gostoli Sara 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionHyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition characterised by dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, lack of nutrition and at least 5% loss in body weight, occurring in the first half of pregnancy. The aim of this trial is to examine the efficacy of group biofeedback treatment on patients with HG with psychosomatic symptoms, which will be evaluated through the revised version of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR-R).Methods and analysisIn this single-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial, 68 patients with HG diagnosed with at least one psychosomatic syndrome according to DCPR-R and aged 18–40 years, will be recruited in a Chinese Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The sample will be randomised (1:1) into two arms: experimental group, which will undergo group biofeedback treatment, psycho-education and treatment as usual (TAU); and control group, which will undergo psycho-education and TAU only. The primary outcomes will be reduction of the frequency of psychosomatic syndromes, severity of nausea/vomiting, quality of life and heart rate variability. The secondary outcomes will include days of hospitalisation, repeated hospitalisation and laboratory investigations.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the Nanjing Medical University (No. 2019/491, granted 22 February 2019). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Study outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences, and used to confirm a tailored biofeedback intervention for patients with HG with psychosomatic symptoms.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000028754).
Association between patent foramen ovale and migraine without aura: a community-based cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Tang Yusha , Peng Anjiao , Peng Bo , He Shixu , Zhao Xia , Zhu Yuanfeng , Lai Wanlin , Song Tingting , Chen Lei 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the influence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the prevalence of migraine without aura based on propensity score-matched samples in Southwest China.DesignPropensity-matched cross-sectional study.ParticipantsResidents over 20 years of age were recruited from 15 communities of Western China from July 2020 to October 2020. A total of 3741 residents having accepted to undergo contrast-transthoracic echocardiography and a standard structured questionnaire was assessed for the relationship between PFO and migraine without aura.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine without aura across different degrees of right–left shunts.ResultsA total of 3741 participants were included. Among them, 881 participants were diagnosed with PFO. The prevalence of migraine without aura in the PFO group was 12.83%, significantly higher than the other group (7.83%, p<0.0001). Analyses of the matched samples showed that the presence of a PFO increased the morbidity risk of migraine without aura (p < 0.001; OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.47).ConclusionThis community-based cross-sectional study pointed to a strong association between PFO and migraine without aura, especially when the shunt is large.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900024623.