bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Developments in the Breeding of F1 Hybrid Annuals
Authors: Goldsmith Glenn A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a small group of companies, about 6 in the U.S. and perhaps 15 worldwide, that have caused a gardening revolution during the last 15 years. The revolution has been dramatic in the U.S. and is now rapidly spreading to the other more developed countries of the world. This revolution is the change by the gardening public from the sowing of seed in the garden to the purchasing and planting of started plants. The companies largely responsible for this revolution are those developing F1 hybrid annual flowers.
Vernalization of the Growing Easter Lily1
Authors: Hill Lome L. , Durkin Dominic J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The major problem in greenhouse lily culture is the variable forcing performance of field grown bulbs. Generally, lilies will flower in approximately 120 days after bulb storage of six weeks at 33-50°F. A slower rate of growth is observed frequently enough in commercial greenhouses to suggest either that bulbs were insufficiently cooled or that some environmental condition in storage or transit had nullified part of the cold treatment.
Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Azaleas
Authors: Pryor R. L. , Frazier L. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Colchicine treatment of several azalea cultivars induced polyploidy. The effect of colchiploidy varied between cultivars but there was a general increase in size and firmness of flowers. Some of the induced polyploids were complete, but many were chimeral.
Quick Freezing to Remove Whole Corn Kernels from Immature Ears1
Authors: Maas E. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of a mechanical cutter is the usual practice (2, 3, 5) for removing kernels from ears of sweet corn at various stages of maturity to determine specific gravity, kernel weight, moisture and sugar content. On the basis of preliminary studies, Kientz et al (5) showed that the sugar content was higher when the ears were cut deep (whole kernel) than when cut shallow. Johnson and Bennett (4) expressed corn maturity in terms of a kernel development index obtained by dividing the fresh weight of kernels by the number of kernels. The reliability of this index depends upon the precision with which the depth of cut can be controlled. Accuracy can be increased by removing the entire kernels intact. To overcome variations due to cutting the kernels at different depths, methods to remove the kernels intact were investigated. A review of the literature, however, produced little relevant information. Personal correspondence also indicated that there was no generally accepted method in use by research workers. The use of a scalpel was found to be satisfactory but was too slow.
Highbush Blueberry Pollen Collection by Honeybees
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Stewart M. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Honeybees are considered to be important pollinators of the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) (2). Shimanuki et al. (4) found one honeybee colony which consistently collected a larger proportion of cranberry pollen than did other colonies in the vicinity of a cranberry bog. Differences among colonies in collection of highbush blueberry pollen are reported here.
The Influence of N-dimethylamino Succinomic Acid Pretreatment on Chemically Induced Leaf Abscission of Certain Deciduous Woody Plants1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth retarding effect of N-dimethylamino succinamic acid (Alar) on certain deciduous fruit trees in the orchard was first reported in 1964 (1). Its value for size control in the nursery where tree size is sometimes excessive was subsequently reported in 1967 (3). It was reported in 1954 (2) that certain growth regulators applied prior to the application of a nursery stock defoliant reduced the effectiveness of the defoliant.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Sims William L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the past five years, mechanized growing and harvesting of certain fruit and vegetable crops made tremendous gains. Within the next five years several additional crops will probably be mechanized. The degree of mechanization varies with the area and with the crop. Factors such as climate, varieties, cultural practices, machine development, labor supply and whether the crop is grown for fresh market or processing, all have influenced the present status of mechanization.
Phosphorus Nutrition of Plants in Soils1
Authors: Black C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical account of the phosphorus nutrition of plants in soils, including some of the evidence and thinking related to it. Because these remarks are directed to the “nutrient-solution fraternity,” a comparison of nutrient solutions and soils in respect of certain aspects of phosphorus nutrition may be an appropriate introduction.
Nectar Studies of the Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. ‘Rubel’ and ‘Jersey’1
Authors: Brewer J. W. , Dobson R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sugar concentration in nectar from ‘Jersey’ variety blueberry blossoms was significantly higher than that from ‘Rubel’. Nectar volume was not significantly different for the 2 varieties. For both varieties sugar concentration increased as the day progressed and volume of nectar decreased. As the blossoms aged, nectar concentration and volume increased for both varieties. Paper chromatographic analysis of nectar from both varieties indicated no differences in component sugars.
Potting Depth Effects on Development and Low Temperature Survival of Naturally Cooled Easter Lilies1
Authors: Einert A. E. , Box C. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naturally cooled lily plants from bulbs potted with their apices 1/2—inch deep or deeper, sustained no cold damage when exposed to temperatures as low as 23°F. Shallower bulb plantings and exposure of a portion of the bulb resulted in cold injury. The number of killed and damaged plants increased with increased bulb exposure. Planting of the bulb with its apex 1/2—inch deep or shallower reduced forcing time by four days as compared to bulbs placed on the drainage gravel at the bottom of the pots. Depths of 1/4 exposure or deeper had no effect on plant height nor any consistent effect on flower bud number.
The Effect of Pre-Harvest Applications of Ethrel on Concord Grapes1
Authors: Clore W. J. , Fay R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethrel sprays were applied to Concord grape vines on September 4, 11, 19, and 26, 1968 in concentrations varying from 10 to 2000 ppm. At daytime temperatures averaging 69.7°F Ethrel promoted the abscission of berries in six days or less at 250 ppm and higher. Daytime temperatures of 63°F or higher prior to normal harvesting appeared necessary to activate berry abscission in six days or less. Concentrations of 250 ppm and higher induced leaf yellowing and accelerated leaf senescence. Berries removed easier when shaken off at 77°F than at 62°F. Grapes receiving a foliar application of 250 ppm of Ethrel 14 days before harvest removed easier than those receiving 500 ppm Ethrel applied six days before harvest when both were shaken off the same day. Ethrel resulted in no differences in fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and color determinations. There was no response from dipping only clusters in Ethrel. A minus 11°F on December 30 caused serious bud damage on vines sprayed on September 4 at 2000 ppm, compared to non-sprayed vines.
Storage of Bananas in Polyethylene Bags with an Ethylene Absorbent1
Authors: Liu Fu-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage of preclimacteric bananas in sealed polyethylene showed promise. After a reasonable period of storage the bags must be opened to allow normal ripening. Endogenous ethylene was a source of potential ripening in these sealed poly bags. Hence, an ethylene absorbent was usually essential. A commercial product, ‘Purafil’ was capable of absorbing this ethylene and extending the storage life of preclimacteric fruits.
The Modern Fruit Breeder1
Authors: Bringhurst R. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the most part, I direct my remarks to the role of public agency fruit breeders, since that is what most of us are. I feel justified in this role because first, I am convinced that we can provide the best possible varieties at the lowest cost and second, at times, we may be the only protection the grower has against the unscupulous.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide as an Adjuvant of Colchicine in the Treatment of Rubus Seeds and Shoot Apices1
Authors: Sanders Hosea , Hull J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a colchicine solution applied to germinating black raspberry seed increased the percentage of induced polyploids more than did colchicine alone. Concentrations of DMSO higher than 2% were phytotoxic to germinating seeds when combined with colchicine. DMSO had no discernible effect on penetration of colchicine to the apical dome in blackberry shoot apices. There was evidence of synergistic effect of the chemicals on phytotoxicity of apical tissue.
Vein Tracts, Not Sutures, in Cantaloupe1
Authors: Davis R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The term “vein tract” is better than “suture” to denote the longitudinal indentations or unnetted strips which sometimes characterize the outward appearance of fruits of Cucumis melo L., reticulatus Naud. The term “suture” has a botanical ring in comparison to “grooves” or “stripes,” and I confess to having used it as much as anybody. Unfortunately, “suture” is here applied incorrectly; thus it is misleading to one who may be considering physiological explanations for unexplained variations in this surface feature.
Vegetable Flavor
Authors: Allen Stevens M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The instrumentation required for objective evaluation of flavor has been available for only a decade and a half. Most information on the chemistry of flavor has accumulated within the past 5 years. There have been few studies on intercultivar variation of compounds important to flavor. Because an appreciation of the physiology of flavor and an understanding of flavor chemistry are basic to the genetics of flavor, it seems appropriate to discuss briefly these topics.
Natural and Synthetic Sweeteners1
Authors: Inglett G. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
G. E. Inglett earned his PhD in biochemistry at the State University of Iowa in 1952. He has worked with biological toxins at the University of Illinois, 1952-1954, and in cancer research with the U. S. Public Health Service, 1954-1956. He has been a food chemist with the Corn Products Company, 1956-1960, Griffith Laboratories, 1960-1963, and International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, 1963-1966. Although Dr. Inglett is presently associated with the Cereal Properties Laboratory of the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture at Peoria, Illinois, this paper is based on experience prior to joining the USDA.
New Vegetable Varieties List XVII1
Authors: Barnes W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sixteen prior lists of new vegetable varieties introduced since 1936 were published in Vols. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, and 92 of Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, and Vol. 4 No. 1 of HortScience.
Post-Year Effects of N-Dimethylaminosuccinamic Acid on ‘Concord’ Grapes, Vitis labrusca L.12
Authors: Tukey Loren D. , Fleming Harold K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects from the foliar aqueous sprays of DMAS applied between pre- and full-bloom to mature ‘Concord’ grape vines did not appear to be transmitted to the post-treatment year. The number of clusters per vine in the post-treatment year was not influenced either by the concentration or the time of application of DMAS. Yield of DMAS treated vines in the post-treatment year was highly correlated with the number of clusters per vine that year.
Dilution Technique for Calibration of Infrared Gas Analyzers for Use with Carbon Dioxide1
Authors: Tibbitts T. W. , Read M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple dilution technique is described for the calibration of infrared gas analysers for use with carbon dioxide. The technique involves determining the exact volume of a closed loop system, which includes analyser, circulating pump and connecting tubing. Successive dilutions with either known volumes of nitrogen gas with no carbon dioxide or span gas with known concentrations of carbon dioxide, provide a range of calculable concentration points from which the calibration curve can be plotted.
Use of Soil Analysis in Osmocote Fertilizer Programs1
Authors: Matkin O. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method of determining the reserve fertilizer content of soil containing encapsulated slow-release fertilizer was tested. The procedure involved dual analysis by extraction before and after rupturing fertilizer capsules using a cereal grinder.
Dry soil bulk density measurement permitted calculation of theoretical fertilizer concentration. Comparison of calculated versus concentrations found were very close for potassium and nitrogen. Phosphorus found by analysis was lower than theoretical.
Nutrient Removal by Papaya Fruits1
Authors: Awada M. , Suehisa R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nutrient analysis of harvested papaya fruits from trees grown at Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii and at Malama-Ki, Puna, Hawaii showed the following descending order of removal: K, N, Ca, Mg, P. Quantities of N and K removed by Malama-Ki fruits represented 38 and 56%, respectively, of the amounts applied as fertilizer.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The papers of this symposium will effectively illustrate the 2 most serious characteristics of the relationship between pollution and horticulture: there are innumerable problems to solve and there is little knowledge available to help solve them. An obvious conclusion is that there is a need for a massive research effort in the horticultural world to attack these problems. The ad hoc Committee on Environmental Pollution was formed over a year ago to alert horticulturists to this need and to help provide ideas, motivation, and means to develop appropriate research programs.
The Effects of Horticultural Practices on Man and his Environment
Authors: Walker Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is recognized that the practice of horticultural science is not necessarily synonymous with the general practice of agriculture. Webster’s New International Dictionary defines horticulture as “the cultivation of a garden or orchard, the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers and ornamental plants; one of the main divisions of agriculture.” You may or may not agree with this definition or there may be a more accurate and up-to-date one. Nevertheless, the definition does establish certain limits or boundaries of your science. However, the impact of horticultural practices on man and his environment are not as well defined.
Effects of Growth Retardants on Growth of Geranium Seedlings1 and Flowering
Authors: Semeniuk Pete , Taylor Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An inbred line of geranium seedlings was treated with CEPA and ABA sprays, CCC and CBBP drenches, and combinations of sprays and drenches. CEPA, CCC, and CBBP were physiologically active in altering the growth habits of geranium seedlings. ABA was relatively inactive. The earliest observable responses were dwarfing, stimulation of basal branching, and development of darker green leaves. CEPA alone or in combination with CCC or CBBP stimulated the greatest number of basal branches, but inhibited flower initiation for 70 days. Dwarfing effect was long-lasting in treatments with combinations of CEPA and CCC or CBBP. None of the growth retardant treatments had an effect on fruit development, seed germination, or seedling growth.
The Detection of Ethylene in the Internal Atmosphere of Bulbs1
Authors: Staby G. L. , De Hertogh A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene was detected in the internal atmosphere of 5 bulb species. Some, if not all, of the determined ethylene concn are of physiological significance. Experiments using methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimi-dazole carbamate, a protective fungicide, indicate that fungi normally associated with tulip bulbs are at least partially responsible for the gas.
Thiabendazole Control of Postharvest Apple Decay1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , Purnasiri Apithai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-(4-Thiazolyl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole or TBZ) applied as a postharvest treatment (1000-2000 ppm) significantly reduced decay of apples: intact (not skin punctured); skin punctured before or after TBZ treatment; mechanically harvested; waxed after TBZ treatment. TBZ was active against Penicillium expansum, Botrytis sp., but not Alternaria sp. New skin punctures were more susceptible to infection than old punctures.
Leaf Anatomy and Shoot Growth in a Compact Strain of ‘Delicious’ Apple Compared to a Normal Strain Treated with Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide1
Authors: Eaton G.W. , Liu A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf anatomy and shoot growth of ‘Harrolds Red Delicious’ (‘HRD’) apple trees treated with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) were compared with those of an untreated compact mutant strain, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ (‘SD’). Leaf anatomy of the untreated ‘HRD’ and ‘SD’ were not significantly different. Alar treatments of ‘HRD’ increased thickness of spongy parenchyma, palisade parenchyma, the length but not the no. of palisade cells and total leaf thickness. The site most affected by Alar was the palisade parenchyma. Alar also suppressed shoot growth rate and the treatment effect became noticeable 1 week after treatment. The shoot growth curves were quite similar for ‘SD’ and Alar-treated ‘HRD’.
Large Volume Generator of Stable Foam for Freeze Protection1
Authors: Bartholic J. F. , Heilman M. D. , Farris B. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A large volume generator with a foam-producing rate of 130 ft3/min is described. The generator is based on a simple principle and could be easily adapted to a variety of field foam application requirements. A combination of 3 materials has been found that will form an economical, stable, nontoxic foam for insulating crops during freezing conditions. Field tests showed that the foaming materials and foam generator have the necessary characteristics for covering large acreages of temperature-sensitive crops.
Twice-a-Year Harvesting of Asparagus1
Authors: _ _ 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus plantings in the Bajio area of Mexico were managed to provide 2 harvest periods, i.e., 2 vegetative periods and 1 dormant period per year. Cumulative yields for a 5-year period were substantially higher from the plots harvested twice annually than those from a conventional spring harvest schedule.
Reconstruction of ESA CCI soil moisture based on DCT-PLS and in situ soil moisture
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Fang Xiuqin , Cao Yu , Yang Lulu , Ren Liliang , Chen Yuehong , Zhang Xiaoxiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) is a vital variable controlling water and energy exchange between the atmosphere and land surface. Spatiotemporally continuous SM information is urgently needed for large-scale meteorological and hydrological applications. Considering the weakness of the penalized least square regression based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT-PLS) method when the missing data are not evenly distributed in the original data set, this study proposes an in situ observation-combined DCT-PLS (ODCT-PLS) to reconstruct missing values of daily surface SM from the Climate Change Initiative program of the European Space Agency (ESA CCI). The result of the reconstruction for ESA CCI SM data in the Xiliaohe River Basin from 2013 to 2020 showed that the SM reconstructed by ODCT-PLS was in better agreement with in situ soil moisture compared with that reconstructed by DCT-PLS, with the average correlation coefficient (CORR) increasing by 0.3636, the average root mean squared error (RMSE) decreasing by 0.0109 m3/m3 and the average BIAS decreasing by 0.0047 m3/m3. Compared with the original ESA CCI SM, DCT-PLS and ODCT-PLS can both restore the spatial variation of SM in the study area. The reconstruction method proposed in our study provides a valuable alternative to reconstruct the three-dimensional geophysical dataset with spatially or temporally continuous data gap.
Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigational purpose in Bhojpur district: middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Kumar Anand , Prashant  , Jha V. N. , Sahoo Sunil Kumar , Ranjan Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A total of 138, samples have been collected in both pre and post monsoon season to understand the seasonal variability in groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and domestic water supply. The samples were analysed for physical parameters, major ions along with fluoride and uranium. The results were integrated with GIS to represent both seasonal and spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters, drinking groundwater quality index (DGQI) and irrigation groundwater quality index (IGQI). Results show that groundwater is alkaline in nature and largely controlled by the silicate weathering, ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes. However high nitrate concentration exceeding the WHO guideline suggests the influence of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality. The average values of the major ions concentrations was found higher in pre monsoon season due to change in the recharge. The DGQI values of 6 samples in pre monsoon and 2 samples in post monsoon season falls under poor water quality. However, individual irrigation indices along with the combine IGQI indicate groundwater is suitable for irrigation in both the seasons. These results along with the seasonal and spatial variability map may help the decision makers in planning for better domestic and irrigation water supply.