bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring related to psychotropic and mental illness exposures in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a cross-sectional survey of women with past or current mental illness
Authors: Bjørndal Ludvig D , Tauqeer Fatima , Heiervang Kristin S , Clausen Hanne K , Heitmann Kristine , Lupattelli Angela 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the perceived risk of psychotropic and mental illness exposures (1) during pregnancy or (2) while breastfeeding on offspring neurodevelopment, and factors associated with this perception in women with past/current mental illness.DesignCross-sectional, web-based study.SettingNationwide in Norway, June 2020–June 2021.ParticipantsWomen aged 18–55 years who were pregnant, recent mothers or planning a pregnancy, and had been offered antidepressants in the last 5 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPerceived risk of prenatal and breastmilk exposure to psychotropic medications and maternal mental illness on offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.ResultsWe included 448 women: 234 pregnant, 146 mothers and 68 planning a pregnancy. On a 0–10 scale, women perceived antidepressants as least harmful both (1) in pregnancy (mean score 4.2, 95% CI 3.6 to 4.8) and (2) while breastfeeding (mean score 3.8, 95% CI 3.3 to 4.4), relative to antipsychotics, anxiety/sleeping medication or antiepileptics (mean score range: 6.3–6.5 during pregnancy, 5.5–6.2 while breastfeeding). Many participants were unfamiliar with psychotropics other than antidepressants. The perceived risk of mental illness exposure exceeded that of antidepressants (mean score range 5.6–5.9) in both exposure periods. Using general linear models, factors associated with greater antidepressant risk perception in both exposure periods included having lower education, non-Norwegian native language, and employment status (range mean score difference (β): 2.07–6.07). For pregnant women and mothers, there was an inverse association between perceived risk and the perceived antidepressant effectiveness in both exposure periods (range of β: −0.18 to –0.25).ConclusionsIn women with past/current mental illness, the perceived risk of antidepressant exposure on child neurodevelopment was lower than that for maternal mental illness. Other psychotropic medications were perceived as more harmful. As medication risk perception influences the decision-making regarding treatment of mental illness, pre- and pregnancy counselling should target women with characteristics associated with higher perceived risk.
Medical injection and infusion practices among HIV-seronegative people and people living with HIV: a behavioural survey of 10 HIV testing and opportunistic infections/antiretroviral therapy sites in Cambodia
Authors: Seang Kennarey , Khim Keovathanak , Vyas Kartavya , Khuon Dyna , Saphonn Vonthanak , Gorbach Pamina 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesIn late 2014, an HIV outbreak occurred in rural Cambodia among villagers who received medical injections from unlicensed medical providers, justifying the need to assess medical injection practices among those who are at risk of acquiring and/or transmitting HIV. This study examined medical injection/infusion behaviours among people living with HIV (PLWH) and those who were HIV negative in Cambodia. These behaviours should be properly assessed, especially among PLWH, as their prevalence might influence a future risk of other outbreaks.DesignA cross-sectional survey was conducted in order to examine injection behaviours and estimate injection prevalence and rates by HIV status. Unsafe injections/infusions were those received from village providers who do not work at a health centre or hospital, or traditional providers at the participant’s (self-injection included) or provider’s home. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between unsafe injection/infusion and HIV, adjusting for sex, age, education, occupation, residence location and other risk factors.SettingThe survey was conducted in 10 HIV testing and treatment hospitals/clinics across selected provinces in Cambodia, from February to March 2017.ParticipantsA total number of 500 volunteers participated in the survey, 250 PLWH and 250 HIV-negative individuals.Outcome measuresMeasures of injection prevalence and other risk behaviours were based on self-reports.ResultsBoth groups of participants reported similar past year’s injection/infusion use, 47% (n=66) among PLWH and 54% (n=110) HIV-negative participants (p=0.24). However, 15% (n=11) of PLWH reported having received unsafe last injection compared with only 7% (n=11) of HIV-negative participants. In logistic regression, this association remained numerically positive, but was not statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.84 (95% CI: 0.71 to 4.80)).ConclusionsThe inclination for medical injections and infusions (unsafe at times) among PLWH and the general population in Cambodia was common and could possibly represent yet another opportunity for parenteral transmission outbreak.
Delayed diagnosis of serious paediatric conditions in 13 regional emergency departments
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A , McGarghan Finn L E , Patterson Emma E , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E , Waltzman Mark L , Greco Kimberly F 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate rates, risk factors and outcomes of delayed diagnosis of seven serious paediatric conditions.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of children under 21 years old visiting 13 community and tertiary emergency departments (EDs) with appendicitis, bacterial meningitis, intussusception, mastoiditis, ovarian torsion, sepsis or testicular torsion. Delayed diagnosis was defined as having a previous ED encounter within 1 week in which the condition was present per case review. Patients with delayed diagnosis were each matched to four control patients without delay by condition, facility and age. Conditional logistic regression models evaluated risk factors of delay. Complications were compared between by delayed diagnosis status.ResultsAmong 14 972 children, delayed diagnosis occurred in 1.1% (range 0.3% for sepsis to 2.6% for ovarian torsion). Hispanic (matched OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.69 to 4.35) and non-Hispanic black (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.79) race/ethnicity were associated with delayed diagnosis, whereas Asian and other race/ethnicity were not. Public (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.44) and other (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.93) insurance were also associated with delay. Non-English language was associated with delay (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.69). Abnormal vital signs were associated with a lower likelihood of delay (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.25). In an adjusted model, Hispanic race/ethnicity, other insurance, abnormal vital signs and complex chronic conditions (CCCs) were associated with delay. The odds of a complication were 2.5-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 3.8) higher among patients with a delay.ConclusionDelayed diagnosis was uncommon across 13 regional EDs but was more likely among children with Hispanic ethnicity, CCCs or normal vital signs. Delays were associated with a higher risk of complications.
Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) improves the thromboresistance of FRED flow diverters: a thrombogenic evaluation of flow diverters with human blood under flow conditions
Authors: Yoshizawa Keiko , Kobayashi Hirohisa , Kaneki Atsushi , Takenouchi Mika , Belletto John , Baldwin Aaron , Anzai Takao 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSurface modification of flow-diverting stents has been explored to reduce thrombus-related complications that may arise under clinical use. This study investigated the thromboresistant properties of the flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED) X, a flow diverter treated with a copolymer of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA; X Technology).MethodsThe performance of FRED, FRED X, and Pipeline Flex with Shield Technology (sPED) was evaluated in an in vitro blood loop model. Blood activation level was assessed by the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and platelet count, and qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cellular adhesion characteristics were measured using human aortic endothelial cells that were seeded on flat sheets mimicking the surface of FRED, FRED X, and sPED, and evaluated with fluorescence microscopy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc tests.ResultsFRED X, sPED, and control blood loops showed significantly reduced blood activation levels (TAT and β-TG) compared with FRED (p<0.01). Consequently, FRED showed a significant decrease in platelet count compared with FRED X, sPED, and control loops (p<0.01). SEM imaging showed the lowest accumulation of blood cell-like deposits on FRED X compared with sPED and FRED, while FRED had the highest accumulation. Endothelial cells adhered and were widely spread on X Technology-treated sheets, while minimal cell adhesion was observed on phosphorylcholine-treated sheets.ConclusionThe X Technology surface modification of FRED X demonstrated superior thromboresistant properties over untreated FRED while maintaining comparable cellular adhesion. Taken together, these properties may help mitigate material-related thromboembolic complications.
Validation of an optical potential for incident and emitted low-energy $$\alpha $$–particles in the $$A$$ $$\sim $$60 mass range
Authors: Avrigeanu V. , Avrigeanu M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe assessment of an $$\alpha $$
α
-particle optical model potential for nucleon–induced $$\alpha $$
α
-emission within the $$A$$
A
$$\sim $$
∼
60 mass-number range [Avrigeanu and Avrigeanu (Eur. Phys. J. A 57:54, 2021)] is completed by analysis of neutron–induced reactions on stable Ni isotopes. The same consistent set of nuclear–model input parameters as well as first uncertainty analysis of calculated cross sections related to the accuracy of independent data formerly used within parameter setting up have been concerned. Description of absorption and emission of $$\alpha $$
α
-particles by the same potential is validated, while the pickup direct reaction and Giant Quadrupole Resonance (GQR) $$\alpha $$
α
-emission beyond the statistical predictions are confirmed by recent data around the GQR energies.
Beyond the infrared: a centenary of Heinrich Rubens’s death
Authors: de Arrieta Iñigo González 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeinrich Rubens (Wiesbaden, 1865, Berlin, 1922) was the first scientist to study the large gap between the conventional infrared range and the electrical wave regime, better known today as the terahertz gap. To this end, he produced numerous original instruments and was almost single-handedly responsible for all research on this region up to the 1920s. His research, motivated by Hertz’s demonstration of the electromagnetic theory of light, led him to contribute seminal works on blackbody radiation and interferometric spectroscopy that have been almost forgotten in modern expositions of these topics. On occasion of the centenary of his death, this work aims to critically assess his legacy, as well as to revitalize this important figure for a newer generation of spectroscopists.
Climate Change and India: Balancing Domestic and International Interests
Authors: MITRA SUBRATA K. , PAULI MARKUS , SCHOTTLI JIVANTA 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we analyze how India’s climate change policy is framed, formulated and implemented and argue that it requires carefully balancing of domestic and international interests. Given the country’s population size, composition and projected economic growth, India will, in the next few years, see its most significant energy demand upsurge along with a massive need for infrastructure. As projected by the International Energy Agency, “nearly 60% of its CO2 emissions in the late 2030s will be coming from infrastructure and machines that do not exist today”. As a result, policy choices made today by India’s decision-makers and international negotiators will have severe implications for the world. This paper analyzes global emission trends, climate change impacts and India’s international and domestic climate policies—from Paris to Glasgow and New Delhi to rural India. Furthermore, we examine the core constraints that Indian policymakers face and draw attention to shortcomings in India’s climate change policies, particularly concerning continued investment in coal despite the country’s widely lauded efforts to embrace renewables. We argue that fossil fuel subsidies are a delicate political issue with significant implications for many election-determining poor citizens—hence accompanying “just transition” measures are essential.
Loppa High Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Barents Sea
Authors: Brunstad Harald , Rønnevik Hans Christen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Loppa High Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element is a mature exploration area in the southwestern Norwegian Barents Sea hosting Skrugard (in 2012) and the Late Paleozoic Gohta (in 2013) discoveries. The exploration of the Norwegian Barents Sea started in 1980 and the Loppa High in 1985. Today the Loppa High is one of the most studied areas of the Barents Shelf. Subsurface mapping is based on dense coverage of modern 3D and 2D seismic data and drilling results of over 40 exploration wells. This chapter summarizes the tectonosedimentary and subregional development, and the petroleum geology of the Loppa High.
A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy and 3D-Image-Guided Afterloading Intracavitary Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Li Xiaojun , An Cunlian , Feng Chunlan , Sun Jieren , Lu Huixiang , Yang Xiaodong , Wang Kaiping , Wang Ruimei 
Published: September 2022

Aim. To investigate the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Methods. Patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 were retrieved and analyzed. Cases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy were assigned into the observation group (OG), while cases with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone were assigned into the control group (CG). The short-term effects were determined by RECIST 1.1. Total effective rate

TR

=
complete

remission

CR

+
partial

remission

PR

. The serum levels of squamous epithelial cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), glycoantigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed. In view of the difference between tumor markers and diameters before and after treatment, the correlation between them was analyzed by Pearson test. The adverse events were compared, and the amount of operative bleeding and operation time were evaluated. Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the influencing factors of 1-year disease-free survival time. Results. Sixty-seven patients were retrieved, including 30 cases in the OG and 37 cases in the CG. There were no significant differences in age, pathological type, tumor size, FIGO stage, past medical history, or smoking history between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The TR of patients in the OG was higher than that in the CG (

P
<
0.05

). The SCC-Ag, CA125, CEA, and VEGF levels in the OG decreased markedly after treatment (

P
<
0.001

). The difference in SCC-Ag, CA125, CEA, and VEGF was positively correlated with the difference in tumor diameter before and after treatment (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of adverse events revealed no obvious difference between the OG and CG (

P
>
0.05

). Cox regression analysis showed that FIGO stage and treatment regimens were independent prognostic factors for 1-year disease-free survival (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy can improve the TR rate and 1-year disease-free survival of LACC patients without increasing the incidence of adverse events.
Preventive Effect of Berberine on Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Yang , Jiang Hui , Tao Dengshun , Zhao Keyan , Yin Zongtao , Han Jinsong , Xin Fangran , Jin Yan , Wang Huishan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications of cardiac surgery, but the underlying factors governing POAF are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of berberine administration on POAF.

Methods:
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in China to study the impact of oral berberine on the incidence of POAF. A total of 200 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into the berberine group (n=100) and the placebo group (n=100). All patients underwent 7-day continuous telemetry and Holter monitoring.

Results:

The primary outcome was the incidence of POAF at 7 days. Secondary outcomes included clinical outcomes, POAF burden, intestinal endotoxin, and serum inflammatory biomarker levels. The POAF incidence was reduced from 35% to 20% under berberine treatment (hazard ratio, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.29–0.78];
P
=0.0143). Perioperative mortality and morbidity did not differ between the 2 groups. POAF burden and the dose of amiodarone were significantly reduced in the berberine group. Oral berberine significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide, CRP (C-reactive protein), and IL (interleukin)-6 levels. Elevated lipopolysaccharide after surgery has been associated with POAF.

Conclusions:
Our results showed that administration of berberine may be effective for reducing the occurrence of POAF after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000028839.
Seamless Lightning Nowcasting with Recurrent-Convolutional Deep Learning
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Hamann Ulrich , Germann Urs 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A deep learning model is presented to nowcast the occurrence of lightning at a 5-min time resolution 60 min into the future. The model is based on a recurrent-convolutional architecture that allows it to recognize and predict the spatiotemporal development of convection, including the motion, growth and decay of thunderstorm cells. The predictions are performed on a stationary grid, without the use of storm object detection and tracking. The input data, collected from an area in and surrounding Switzerland, comprise ground-based radar data, visible/infrared satellite data and derived cloud products, lightning detection, numerical weather prediction, and digital elevation model data. We analyze different alternative loss functions, class weighting strategies and model features, providing guidelines for future studies to select loss functions optimally and to properly calibrate the probabilistic predictions of their model. On the basis of these analyses, we use focal loss in this study but conclude that it only provides a small benefit over cross entropy, which is a viable option if recalibration of the model is not practical. The model achieves a pixelwise critical success index (CSI) of 0.45 to predict lightning occurrence within 8 km over the 60-min nowcast period, ranging from a CSI of 0.75 at a 5-min lead time to a CSI of 0.32 at a 60-min lead time.

Significance Statement
We have developed a method based on artificial intelligence to forecast the occurrence of lightning at 5-min intervals within the next hour from the forecast time. The method utilizes a neural network that learns to predict lightning from a set of training images containing lightning detection data, weather radar observations, satellite imagery, weather forecasts, and elevation data. We find that the network is able to predict the motion, growth, and decay of lightning-producing thunderstorms and that, when properly tuned, it can accurately determine the probability of lightning occurring. This is expected to permit more informed decisions to be made about short-term lightning risks in fields such as civil protection, electricity-grid management, and aviation.
The Copernicus Climate Change Service: Climate Science in Action
Authors: Buontempo Carlo , Burgess Samantha N. , Dee Dick , Pinty Bernard , Thépaut Jean-Noël , Rixen Michel , Almond Samuel , Armstrong David , Brookshaw Anca , Alos Angel Lopez , Bell Bill , Bergeron Cedric , Cagnazzo Chiara , Comyn-Platt Edward , Damasio-Da-Costa Eduardo , Guillory Anabelle , Hersbach Hans , Horányi András , Nicolas Julien , Obregon Andre , Ramos Eduardo Penabad , Raoult Baudouin , Muñoz-Sabater Joaquín , Simmons Adrian , Soci Cornel , Suttie Martin , Vamborg Freja , Varndell James , Vermoote Stijn , Yang Xiaobo , Garcés de Marcilla Juan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) provides open and free access to state-of-the-art climate data and tools for use by governments, public authorities, and private entities around the world. It is fully funded by the European Union and implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) together with public and private entities in Europe and elsewhere. With over 120,000 registered users worldwide, C3S has rapidly become an authoritative climate service in Europe and beyond, delivering quality-assured climate data and information based on the latest science. Established in 2014, C3S became fully operational in 2018 with the launch of its Climate Data Store, a powerful cloud-based infrastructure providing access to a vast range of global and regional information, including climate data records derived from observations, the latest ECMWF reanalyses, seasonal forecast data from multiple providers, and a large collection of climate projections. The system has been designed to be accessible to nonspecialists, offering a uniform interface to all data and documentation as well as a Python-based toolbox that can be used to process and use the data online. C3S publishes European State of the Climate reports annually for policy-makers, as well as monthly and annual summaries that are widely disseminated in the international press. Together with users, C3S develops customized indicators of climate impacts in economic sectors such as energy, water management, agriculture, insurance, health, and urban planning. C3S works closely with national climate service providers, satellite agencies, and other stakeholders on the improvement of its data and services.
Spinal anaesthesia with clonidine: pain relief and earlier mobilisation after open nephrectomy – a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Thurm Mascha , Hultin Magnus , Johansson Göran , Dahlin Britt-IngerKröger , Winsö Ola , Ljungberg Börje 
Published: September 2022

Objectives Early mobilisation and effective pain management after open nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma often include epidural analgesia (EDA), requiring an infusion pump and a urinary catheter, thus impeding mobilisation. Spinal anaesthesia (SpA) may be an alternative. This randomised clinical trial evaluated whether SpA improves analgesia and facilitates mobilisation over EDA and which factors influence mobilisation and length of stay (LOS). Methods Between 2012 and 2015, 135 patients were randomised and stratified by surgical method to either SpA with clonidine or EDA. Mobility index score (MobIs), pain scale, patient satisfaction questionnaire, and LOS were the main outcome measures. Results SpA patients exhibited an increase in MobIs significantly earlier than EDA patients. Among SpA patients >50% reached MobIs ≥13 by postoperative day 3, while 29% of EDA patients never reached MobIs ≥13 before discharge. SpA patients had higher maximum pain scores on postoperative days 1 and 2, but both groups had similar patient satisfaction. One day before discharge, 36/64 SpA versus 22/67 EDA patients (56% and 33%, respectively) were opioid-free. SpA patients were discharged significantly earlier than EDA patients. Conclusions SpA facilitates postoperative pain management and is associated with faster mobilisation and shorter LOS. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.org (ID-NCT02030717).