FROM CONFLICT TO INTEGRATION: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES OF MANCHU URBAN PLANNING AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)
Authors: Lu Chuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Ethnic integration is a complex human behavior and the result of national psychological protection mechanism. In the process of its occurrence, different nationalities have different national psychological characteristics, and it is easy to produce conflicts and contradictions in symbiosis and coexistence, which is also caused by national psychological differences. In the Chinese historical documents of the 16th and 17th centuries, a large number of historical facts about Manchu immigrants are reflected. After the establishment of Manchu feudal regime in the Qing Dynasty, Han and other ethnic minorities had a mentality of military guard. Therefore, large-scale military activities were carried out in the larger territory of the Qing Dynasty. On a smaller geographical spatial scale, Manchurians also established small ethnic cities isolated from other ethnic groups in the living space of Han cities. In the urban planning of Manchu and Qing people, they not only did not destroy the characteristics of local cultural buildings, but also innovated and improved them. They are less involved in regional emotional changes in contemporary psychology. Therefore, this paper will explore the changes of national emotional behavior behind the national integration of Manchu and Qing Dynasties.

Research Objects and Methods
This paper mainly adopts the traditional literature research method, searches the Chinese historical documents of the 16th and 17th centuries, and refers to the research results of modern scholars to find out the historical facts of Manchu immigrants, military activities and urban planning. Take these historical facts as the basic data of psychology and anthropology. The data are from literature analysis. The selection of Manchu cities fully refers to the city maps and exact written records recorded in historical documents. The motivation scale was also used. The theme of measuring motivation is the entrepreneurial motivation scale compiled by pan, which has 8 questions and adopts Likert's 5-point scoring method. Social support scale. The scale is adapted from the social support scale compiled by Ye Yuemei et al.

Results
Manchu, the main ethnic group in the Qing Dynasty, migrated from Northeast China to other regions today, which reflected the strong national psychological consciousness of Manchu and led to national isolation. The Qing Dynasty established 13 Manchu cities in or near Han cities. These ethnic cities are separated from Han cities by militarization, building walls or military facilities, which fully reflects the group psychological characteristics of Manchu's exclusion of Han. This shows that there is a specific positive correlation between national integration and regional emotional changes, which also enables researchers to study the emotional behavior changes behind future urban planning and national integration without considering the influence of public factors, and can independently explain the prediction results.

Conclusion
The history of Manchu urban planning is a historical phenomenon, and its essence is ethnic segregation. Behind the emergence of ethnic segregation is the group psychology of Manchu against other nationalities in the Qing Dynasty. Examining the history of Manchu planning from the perspective of psychology and anthropology can better understand the ethnic relations in the Qing Dynasty. Give full play to the concentration of relevant professional research and stimulate the internal potential of the country. At the same time, it also provides a historical path to solve the ethnic conflicts and contradictions in today's world. According to the psychological characteristics of different nationalities, it is beneficial to actively carry out relevant research, and ethnic integration can also be used as an important index to measure the level of regional emotional change. In short, in daily life, we need to flexibly choose emotion regulation strategies, effectively regulate emotions and be the master of emotions. Although cognitive reappraisal strategy, as an “adaptive” emotion regulation strategy, requires individuals to understand the situations that may induce emotions in a non emotional way (gross &amp; John, 2003), it will also fail in the face of high-intensity emotional situations. The expression inhibition strategy is not effective in all cases. Although inhibition of expression causes sympathetic nerve activation, so that the suppressed emotion can be maintained for a longer time in physiology, long-term inappropriate use will lead to individual physical and mental diseases. However, in the context of Oriental culture that attaches great importance to harmonious relations, the expression inhibition strategy is more socially adaptive, which can provide us with enough time to measure what kind of correct emotional response we should make in the current situation, effectively cover up bad emotions, and help to maintain the stability of interpersonal relations to a certain extent. At present, the relationship between emotion regulation and pathology has become more and more close. The emergence of alexithymia, depression and other problems are inseparable from our own emotion regulation. In the future, we should expand the breadth and depth of research. How to make our research closer to life and how to make the research more ecological validity, so as to better serve mankind, is the ultimate goal we pursue.