bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Life of the Indigenous Tribes of Bukidnon
Authors: Gonzales Maximo L 
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to assess the political life of the seven tribes of Bukidnon, namely, Bukidnon, Higaonon, Talaandig, Matigsalug, Tigwahanon, Umayamnon, and Manobo. The study utilized focus group discussion involving one tribal community of each tribe mostly located proximate to the poblacion. Interview of key informants, usually the village chief (datu or bae and members of the council) was employed to generate data on the ethno-political life of the tribes. A survey questionnaire was also used to gather quantifiable data. The findings of the study showed that the main functions of the datu are to maintain the customary laws and social order in the community and promote good relationships with other tribal communities; and to arbitrate internal conflicts. As datu, he should possess wisdom, knowledge of traditional lore and mythology, eloquence, skill in euphemistic language, fairness in judging or arbitrating disputes, and possession of some wealth and property which he willingly shares with the whole community. The indigenous tribes have centralized form of political structure and headed by either a datu or a bae except for the Manobos whose village chief is a timuay or sultan. Internally-caused conflicts are readily resolved by the datu who is highly revered by his villagers while externally-caused conflicts are harder to resolve. Murder and wife-stealing used to be the principal cause of conflict among tribal members. Currently, however, the conflict is already related to land ownership.Keywords: indigenous tribes, datu/bae (chieftain), autonomy, resolution, dictatorship, poverty
Culture Areas of the Seven Tribes of Bukidnon
Authors: Improgo Magnolia O 
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the ways of life of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) of Bukidnon in the different cultural areas. Specifically, it focused on the practices and beliefs of the IPs from birth to death, namely, on religion, ritual, marriage, giving birth and health and death. A comparison of the practices and beliefs across the seven tribes was done to generate themes. Interview and focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted to gather the data from among the key informants of the tribes and its members. Findings show that majority of the IPs of the seven tribes are Catholic in religion. All of them practice the conduct of a ritual which they call “pamuhat” in many activities of their life. The IPs choose their own partners for marriage; there are a few tribes who still practice the “duay” or having more than one wife. Majority of the mothers give birth at home with the assistance of a “mangunguyamo.” In curing certain illnesses, the IPs make use of herbal plants and trees. A “baylan” or a ritualist makes a prayer to heal sick members of the tribe. As to taking care of the dead, majority of the tribes do not practice embalming. The dreams and aspirations of the IPs are to be educated and to have a stable income; and to preserve their tribe.Keywords: indigenous peoples, ways of life, culture areas
İmmunsupresif Tedavi Alan Hastalarda Hepatit B Reaktivasyonu Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CEYLAN Mehmet , TURKEN Melda , SİNGİL Sarp , ADAR Pelin , KÖSE Şükran 
Published: October 2022

Giriş: İmmunsupresif tedaviye bağlı hepatit B reaktivasyon riski, HBV ilişkili parametreler ve hastanın kullandığı immunsupresif ajana bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Çalışmamızda immunsupresif tedavi nedeniyle hepatit B enfeksiyonuna karşı proflaktik tedavi alan hastaların özellikleri ve Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) reaktivasyon risklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, 2015-2020 yılları arasında HBV'ye yönelik antiviral profilaksi başlanan hastaların değerlendirildiği retrospektif tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Hastalara ait veriler hasta dosyaları ve hastane otomasyon sistemi üzerinden kaydedildi. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen hastalar, Amerikan Gastroenteroloji Derneği Rehberi’ndeki tanımlamalara göre yüksek-orta-düşük riskli şeklinde gruplandırılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hepatit B profilaksisi başlanan toplam 105 hastanın yaş ortalaması 56,5 yıl olup %62.9’u (n=66) erkekti. Hastaların HBV reaktivasyonu yönünden, %35’i yüksek, %49’u orta, %16’sı düşük riskli olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların %22’sinde HBsAg pozitifliği, %20’sinde izole anti-HBc IgG pozitifliği, %58’inde anti-HBs ve anti-HBc IgG birlikte pozitifliği mevcuttu. İmmunsupresif tedaviye en sık gerekçe oluşturan hastalık grubu dermatolojik hastalıklar olarak saptandı. İncelenen hasta grubunda kullanım sıklığı en fazla olan immunsupresif ilaç grubu B lenfosit baskılayıcıları olarak bulundu. Profilaksi amacıyla en sık tercih edilen ajanın entekavir olduğu görüldü. Profilaktik tedavisi sonlanan hastalarda immunsupresif tedavi süresi ortalama 10.2 ay, antiviral profilaksi tedavi süresi ortalama 7.9 aydı. Profilaksi alan hastaların hiçbirinde reaktivasyon görülmedi. Sonuç: Hepatit B virüsü reaktivasyonunu önlemek amacıyla, immunsupresif tedavi alanlarda başlanan antiviral profilaksi hayat kurtarıcıdır. Hepatit B virüsü açısından orta endemisite grubundaki ülkemizde, bu hasta grubunda HBV profilaksisi gerekliliğine dair hekim farkındalığının arttırılması ve tedavi etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi büyük bir öneme sahiptir.
Studies of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variation for Morphological Traits in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Irfan Mohammad , Nasseer Sabina , Rashid Uzma , Wani M. Altaf , Khan M. H. , Bhat Raies A. , Nagoo Shahina A. , Rashid Zahida , Bashir Sabiya , Majeed Shabeena 
Published: October 2022

Aims: The “Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)” germplasm was evaluated, based on phenotypic and genotypic variability studies to identify elite divergent traits for economic yield enhancement.
Study Design: 140 germplasm lines were collected from different saffron growing areas of Kashmir and abroad viz., Afghanistan, Iran. The pedigree details of all samples were recorded. Saffron corms weighing 5g to 16g were planted in Augmented Block Design with a row length, width of 3m, 2m and inter and intra-row spacing of 20 and 10 cms, respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices (ARSSSS), Pampore, SKUAST-Kashmir during cropping season 2017-18.
Methodology: Observations were recorded for 15 morphological traits viz., number of flowers corm-1 line-1, number of days to 50% flowering, fresh flower weight corm-1 line-1, inner tepal length, outer tepal length, inner tepal width, outer tepal width, anther length, anther width, style length, stigma length, fresh pistil weight, dry pistil weight, leaf length, number of leaves corm-1line-1. Results: Significant variation was observed for all traits like., number of flowers corm-1 line-1 (4.00-35.33), fresh pistil weight (104.84- 1207.38 mg), stigma length (2.55-4.18 cm), leaf length (16.12-37.10 cm), number of leaves corm-1 line-1 (6.00-11.33), fresh flower weight corm-1 line-1 (1.80-14.31 mg) indicating presence of high level of variability in germplasm.
Conclusion: The estimates of phenotypic variation were higher than equivalent estimates of genotypic variation except few traits indicating major impact of environment towards expression of a trait. Our findings contributes better understanding of genetic variation in saffron for both vegetative and yield attributes and indicates high level of variability in germplasm, therefore imply considerable scope for saffron improvement through clonal selection.
pH Transitions in Ion‐Exchange Systems: Role in the Development of a Cation‐Exchange Process for a Recombinant Protein
Authors: Ghose Sanchayita , McNerney Thomas M. , Hubbard Brian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUnexpected transient changes in effluent pH can occur during ion‐exchange chromatography. Such changes can occur even if a column that is equilibrated with a buffer receives another solution in the same buffer and of the same pH but of a different salt concentration. An attempt is made to understand the basis for this phenomenon and apply it to the process purification of a recombinant protein on a strong cation‐exchange resin. Incomplete column equilibration was eliminated as a possible cause of these effects. Various buffering species and various salt ions were studied at different solution concentrations to investigate pH transitions on strong cation‐exchange resins. A further comparison was made between cation‐exchange resins with different backbone chemistries. On the basis of these studies, a mechanism is proposed for these phenomena based on competitive equilibria between ions from the buffer salts and H+/OH‐ ions. In addition to the equilibria between these ions and the functional groups on the resins, charged groups on the resin backbone were also found to contribute to transient pH changes. The results from this study were applied to the cation‐exchange step for a recombinant protein that was sensitive to pH excursions to help maintain activity of the protein during the purification process.
Metamorphic devolatilization of subducted marine sediments and the transport of volatiles into the Earth's mantle
Authors: Kerrick D. M. , Connolly J. A. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVolatiles, most notably CO2, are recycled back into the Earth's interior at subduction zones1,2. The amount of CO2 emitted from arc volcanism appears to be less than that subducted, which implies that a significant amount of CO2 either is released before reaching the depth at which arc magmas are generated or is subducted to deeper depths. Few high-pressure experimental studies3,4,5 have addressed this problem and therefore metamorphic decarbonation in subduction zones remains largely unquantified, despite its importance to arc magmatism, palaeoatmospheric CO2 concentrations and the global carbon cycle6. Here we present computed phase equilibria to quantify the evolution of CO2 and H2O through the subduction-zone metamorphism of carbonate-bearing marine sediments (which are considered to be a major source for CO2 released by arc volcanoes6). Our analysis indicates that siliceous limestones undergo negligible devolatilization under subduction-zone conditions. Along high-temperature geotherms clay-rich marls completely devolatilize before reaching the depths at which arc magmatism is generated, but along low-temperature geotherms, they undergo virtually no devolatilization. And from 80 to 180 km depth, little devolatilization occurs for all carbonate-bearing marine sediments. Infiltration of H2O-rich fluids therefore seems essential to promote subarc decarbonation of most marine sediments. In the absence of such infiltration, volatiles retained within marine sediments may explain the apparent discrepancy between subducted and volcanic volatile fluxes and represent a mechanism for return of carbon to the Earth's mantle.
The Design of the Feeding Support Trial – does intensive feeding support improved nutritional status and outcome in acutely ill older in‐patients?
Authors: Hickson M. , Nicholl C. , Bulpitt C. , Fry M. , Frost G. , Davies L. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Introduction: Malnutrition has been estimated to cost the NHS £266 million a year because malnourished patients have longer hospital stays and increased morbidity. Malnutrition is particularly common in the elderly. Most attempts to reverse malnutrition in this group have used liquid supplements but the results have been disappointing; even under surveillance, ill older patients often do not take enough supplements to improve their nutritional status. In routine clinical practice the situation is worse because poor nutrition is often not recognized and compliance with supplements is low. Another approach is needed. Objective: To describe the protocol of The Feeding Support Trial which aims to examine whether health care assistants, trained to provide support with all aspects of feeding, can make a significant impact on nutritional intake and whether this improves outcome. Design: A randomized control trial designed to determine whether feeding support increases nutritional intake leads to measurable changes in nutritional status (body mass index, arm circumference, serum albumin) and leads to improved outcome (infection rate, Barthel score, length of stay and readmission rate). Setting: Three elderly medicine wards at Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust. The study commenced in June 1998. Subjects: The trial aims to recruit 1500 subjects (750 in each group).
Audit of supplement use on care of the elderly and rehabilitation wards
Authors: Nolan A. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Background: Increased awareness of malnutrition in hospital and community has led to increased use of nutrition support. However, questions about the use and effects of supplements have been raised. Aims: To audit the use of supplements on two care of the elderly/rehabilitation wards to check whether supplements were used and determine the level of wastage. Methods: The number of supplements used during the 2‐week audit period was calculated by examining the number of cartons on the first day of audit, recording the number of supplements sent by the pharmacy and counting the number remaining on the wards at the end of the audit period. Records were made of supplements prescribed and issued according to drug charts. In addition, nursing staff made regular measurements of supplement wastage during the audit period. Results: The number of patients taking supplements was lower than expected. However, a discrepancy arose, with more supplements being used than had been prescribed. A comparison of supplements prescribed with supplements unused showed a variation of 22–113%. Wastage of supplements was also variable, 24% for Entera and 45% for Enlive. Conclusions: Further work is needed to identify why supplements are wasted, develop guidelines for appropriate use of supplements and to educate ward staff.
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma isolated using the Haemonetics Cell Saver 5 and Haemonetics MCS+ for the preparation of platelet gel
Authors: O'Neill E. M. , Zalewski W. M. , Eaton L. J. , Popovsky M. A. , Pivacek L. E. , Ragno G. , Valeri C. R. 
Published: July 2002

Background and ObjectivesWe compared three methods of isolating platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) using the Haemonetics Cell Saver 5 and one method of isolating PRP by plateletpheresis using the Haemonetics MCS+. PRP contains both platelets and fibrinogen, which are used in the preparation of haemostatic agents.Materials and MethodsWhen the Haemonetics Cell Saver 5 was used, 500 ml of blood from each of 30 normal volunteer donors was collected into 70 ml of citrate–phosphate–dextrose (CPD) anticoagulant. In a further 14 normal volunteers, the Haemonetics MCS+ was used to isolate PRP by plateletpheresis using an acid citrate dextrose (ACD) to blood ratio of 1 : 9. In a separate study, CPD‐anticoagulated whole blood from another 30 volunteers was used for measurement of fibrinogen levels in the plasma and cryoprecipitate.ResultsA larger volume of PRP can be collected using the Haemonetics Cell Saver 5 than by using the Haemonetics MCS+. The platelet concentration and the total number of platelets were higher in the PRP isolated using the Haemonetics MCS+ than in the PRP isolated by the three methods used with the Haemonetics Cell Saver 5, with differences in platelet concentration and PRP volume among the four methods. The mean fibrinogen level in the plasma was 253 mg % ± 47 (SD) and in the cryoprecipitate was 1085 mg % ± 304 (SD).ConclusionsThe most appropriate method of PRP isolation for preparation of platelet gel is dependent upon the specific surgical procedure to be undertaken and the patient’s needs.
Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities and Spinal Cord Lesions after Iotrolan Cervical Myelography in Normal Cats: An Open Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Patsikas M. N. , Koutinas A. , Vlemas I. , Polizopoulou Z. , Moustardas N. , Tzegas S. , Dessiris1 A. K. 
Published: July 2002

Iotrolan (Isovist® 300, Schering AG) at a volume of 0.5 ml/kg B.W. was injected into the cerebellomedullary cistern of 12 cats (Isovist group); the same volume of normal saline was injected in four other cats (control group). Two ml of CSF was collected from each anaesthetized cat by cisternal tap immediately before, and 7 and 15 days after, injection. The physical characteristics, specific gravity, total cell count and total protein concentration of each CSF sample were recorded. The cats were euthanized on day 15 immediately after CSF samples and spinal cord specimens had been obtained. Spinal cord histopathology was examined with the aid of light and transmission electron microscopy.The physical characteristics of all the CSF samples were within the reference range. No significant differences were found for CSF specific gravity, total cell count and total protein concentration between the pre‐injection samples and those collected 7 and 15 days post‐injection in both groups; no spinal cord lesions were detected in histopathology.
Temporal limitations of information processing in global and local attention: the effect of information content
Authors: Lawson Murray L , Crewther David P , Crewther Sheila G 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: The refractory period during which detection or identification of a probe is degraded, following the successful visual identification of a target, is referred to as the attentional blink (AB). Previous work in this laboratory using global/local letter forms has shown that the degree of complexity of information influences the length of time between successful visual identifications, as does the attentional modality required of the subject. In the standard rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task, a gap following the first target is reported to destroy the AB. The current study examines the effect on the AB duration of inserting a gap in the stream of local orthographic information while not interrupting the stream of global information. It was hypothesized that masking of the local elements of the item immediately following the target (the + 1 item) would lead to a decreased AB duration for local identification. Methods: Twenty‐one adult participants, experienced in the experimental paradigm, viewed sequences of compound letter stimuli and were required to identify a global or local red letter (target) and detect the presence of a global or local X (probe) in the sequence following. Results: In one‐half of the trials the local letter identity of the +1 global/local form was obscured, leaving only a global form. Neither the attentional condition nor local +1 masking significantly influenced the slope of recovery from the AB. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the AB duration for global or local probe detection between control and crystallized trials. Conclusions: The results suggest that the visual image of the item is accepted into VSTM and processed for target candidature.
Safety of synthetic surfactant use before preterm newborn transport
Authors: Pavuluri LFJ MILDENHALL, NN , Bowman ED 
Published: July 2002

Objective: The benefit of surfactant administration in preterm newborns is well described. The increase in lung compliance and other effects that it produces might however be dangerous in a transportation situation. This study examined the safety of surfactant (primarily Exosurf; Burroughs–Wellcome Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA) administration in preterm babies prior to their transportation from a peripheral hospital to a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Methodology: Two groups of babies were examined retrospectively over a 4‐year period. One group, designated C (n = 46), received surfactant prior to transport and the other, designated Z (n = 85), did not.Results: There was no significant difference in morbidity or mortality between the groups. The benefits of early surfactant were reinforced in Group C with fewer days ventilated while having no significant change in days on continuous positive airways pressure, in oxygen or days before discharge. During transport, mean airway pressure was unchanged but group C had a significantly greater drop in oxygen requirement. In those less than 30 weeks gestation, increased respiratory benefit was apparent in those who received pretransport surfactant.Conclusion: Administration of synthetic surfactant prior to preterm newborn transportation is safe with no intra‐transport complications.
Awake daytime oximetry measurements in the management of infants with chronic lung disease
Authors: Weening MJ VERMEULEN, FT , Battistutta D , Masters IB 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To assess the value of 1‐h daytime awake oximetry as a means of weaning oxygen flows in infants with oxygen dependent chronic lung disease.Methods: A cohort study of oxygen dependent infants enrolled in a 3‐month period. One hour of awake oximetry data were compared with equal time periods defined within a polysomnographic study and at the same oxygen flow rate. Sensitivity results were derived from the decision to wean oxygen to a lower flow or air.Results: Twenty‐two infants were enrolled and 27 studies were performed. The infants that could be weaned had an awake median of mean oxygen saturations of 97% and spent 14% of the time ≤ 95% but only 2%≤ 92%, while for those not weaned, the awake median of mean oxygen saturations was 94% with 43% of their time ≤ 95% and 26.8%≤ 92% saturation.Conclusions: Daytime oximetry can predict the outcome of polysomnography with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 65%, and could be used to wean oxygen or as a screening tool for polysomnographic studies in infants with chronic lung disease provided there are reasonably long periods of monitoring and mean oxygen saturations above 95%.
Parents’ attitudes to their HIV‐infected children being enrolled into a placebo‐controlled trial: the PENTA 1 trial
Authors:   Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA)
Published: July 2002

Objective The study aimed to explore the experience of parents/care‐givers to their child’s participation in a European randomized trial of immediate (zidovudine) with deferred (placebo) antiretroviral treatment in asymptomatic children with vertically acquired HIV infection (PENTA 1 trial). Design One hundred and thirty‐three questionnaires were distributed to parents/care‐givers (68% of children in the trial) through their paediatrician prior to unblinding the individual child’s therapy (zidovudine/placebo) and 84 (63% response rate) were returned. Method and results Thirty‐six (43%) parents described moderate (n = 30) or great (n = 6) interference with everyday life. This was more frequent among parents of children whose HIV disease progressed (P = 0.03, Fisher’s exact test) but was unrelated to ethnicity, country of origin, treatment allocated or adverse events. Invited comments suggested that concern about forgetting doses and the taste/volume of the trial medication contributed to interference with everyday life. Seventy‐six (90%) parents considered information received during the trial adequate. The eight expressing dissatisfaction were recruited in the same country and five of them were among the eight (10%) who stated that they would not want to enrol their child in another trial. Conclusion There is a need for adequate ongoing feedback about trial progress to participating families. With increasing use of complex antiretroviral regimens, innovative ways of helping families with adherence issues require development and evaluation.