bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Region‐specific associations between gamma‐aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high‐functioning autistic adults
Authors: James David , Lam Vicky T. , Jo Booil , Fung Lawrence K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe neurobiology of autism has been shown to involve alterations in cortical morphology and gamma‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor density. We hypothesized that GABAA receptor binding potential (GABAAR BPND) would correlate with cortical thickness, but their correlations would differ between autistic adults and typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 50 adults (23 autism, 27 TD, mean age of 27 years) using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness, and [18F]flumazenil positron emission tomography imaging to measure GABAAR BPND. We determined the correlations between cortical thickness and GABAAR BPND by cortical lobe, region‐of‐interest, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also explored potential sex differences in the relationship between cortical thickness and autism characteristics, as measured by autism spectrum quotient (AQ) scores. Comparing autism and TD groups, no significant differences were found in cortical thickness or GABAAR BPND. In both autism and TD groups, a negative relationship between cortical thickness and GABAAR BPND was observed in the frontal and occipital cortices, but no relationship was found in the temporal or limbic cortices. A positive correlation was seen in the parietal cortex that was only significant for the autism group. Interestingly, in an exploratory analysis, we found sex differences in the relationships between cortical thickness and GABAAR BPND, and cortical thickness and AQ scores in the left postcentral gyrus.Lay SummaryThe thickness of the brain cortex and the density of the receptors associated with inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA have been hypothesized to underlie the neurobiology of autism. In this study, we found that these biomarkers correlate positively in the parietal cortex, but negatively in the frontal and occipital cortical regions of the brain. Furthermore, we collected preliminary evidence that the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA receptor density are sexdependent in a brain region where sensory inputs are registered.
Graphene from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Divya Madhusoodhanan Lathika , Natarajan Subramanian , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fascinating properties of graphene continue to offer new dimensions in scientific research, extending its exploration in a wide range of real‐world applications. At the same time, serious bottlenecks like low quality, high cost, negative reaction conditions, agglomeration of nanosheets, and limited mass production for graphene must be resolved in favor of industrialization. Consequently, utilization of large amounts of waste graphite from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offers a great opportunity to produce graphene and its derivatives to partake in waste management and circular economy. This work sketches the progress in the different recycling techniques for the graphite anode from spent LIBs and their reuse in different applications. We believe our perspective can facilitate researchers/industries in the better reuse of graphite as valuable sources for the preparation of graphene in a high production capacity by breaking down the existing obstacles in the recycling process as well as helping to handle the upcoming massive volume of spent LIBs.
Efficacy and safety of calcitonin gene‐related peptide antagonists in migraine treatment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Tingting , Xu Yang , Chen Yajie , Bian Jing , Chu Zhaohu , Zhao Shoucai , Ma Lingsong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide (CGRP) antagonists for migraine treatment.MethodsVarious databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CGRP antagonists for migraine treatment since inception to March 2021. The trials were screened for inclusion, after which the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Then meta‐analysis was performed using the Revman 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 26 RCTs involving 21,736 patients were included. The CGRP antagonists group included 13,635 patients while the control group included 8101 patients. Meta‐analysis showed that compared to the control group, CGRP antagonists were associated with various significant effects, including the following outcome indicators: (1) number of patients with ≥50% reduction from baseline in mean monthly migraine days (RR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.39,1.62], p < .00001); (2) number of patients with pain free at 2 h postdose (RR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.77, 2.20], p < .00001), and (3) number of patients with 2–24 h sustained pain free postdose (RR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.93, 2.46], p < .00001). However, the number of patients with any adverse events was significantly high in the antagonists group, relative to the control group (RR = 1.08, 95% CI [1.04, 1.12], p < .0001).ConclusionsCGRP antagonists are significantly effective for migraine treatment; however, they are associated with various adverse events. Due to limitations with regards to quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions should be verified by more high quality studies.
How environmental reputation and ethical behavior impact the relationship between environmental regulatory enforcement and environmental performance
Authors: Tran Mai Dong , Adomako Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the nature of the relationship between environmental regulation enforcement (ERE) and environmental performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing upon the institutional theory and a sample of 229 SMEs, the results indicate an inverted U‐shaped relationship between ERE and environmental performance. In addition, we theorized and found that environmental reputation moderates the U‐shaped relationship between ERE and environmental performance, such that the relationship is positive when environmental reputation is high. Moreover, the results show that organizational ethical behavior (OEB) conditions the U‐shaped relationship, such that the relationship is positive when OEB is high. In the absence of moderators, returns to environmental performance from increasing environmental regulation were observed to reach harmful levels. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Protective Effects of Scutellarin on Acute Alcohol Intestinal Injury
Authors: Liu Feixue , Gao Xuzhu , Li Zhixing , Zhang Xiao , Fan Hui , Yu Guili , Bello Babatunde Kazeem , Feng Xin , Li Debang , Teng Daoyang , Chen Yi , Zhao PanPan , Fu Mian , Dong Jingquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the roles of scutellarin (SCU) on acute alcohol intestinal injury. Mice were divided into six groups: alcohol, three administration, negative control and positive drug bifendate control. The administration group mice were intraperitoneally injected with SCU for 3 consecutive days followed by alcohol gavage at an interval of 1 h. After the mice were sacrificed, colon tissue damage was evaluated by histopathological examination; the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected using biochemical kits; the levels of inflammatory cytokines mRNA were determined by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the protein expression levels of hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and phosphorylated nuclear factor‐ĸB p65 were measured via western blotting. The results showed that alcohol induced severe colon morphological degradation, epithelia atrophy, and more inflammatory cells infiltration in the submucosa. SCU treatment prevented this process, especially in the middle and high dose groups. Alcohol treatment caused excessive lipid peroxidation product accumulation of MDA, restrained the activity of antioxidant enzyme CAT, induced HO‐1 expression in the colon, whereas low dose SCU treatment significantly down‐regulated the MDA level, enhanced the CAT level, and accelerated HO‐1 signals. SCU prevented alcohol stimulation triggered inflammatory response in colon tissues through significantly downregulating the iNOS activity, transcript levels ofTnf‐α,Il‐1βandIl‐6, and phosphorylation levels of NF‐κB p65. These findings suggest that SCU protects the colon via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, making it a promising drug against alcohol‐induced colon damage.
Effect of amaranth addition on texture of maize tortilla produced from extruded composite flours
Authors: Almirudis‐Echeverria Socrates J. , Torres‐Chávez Patricia I. , Ramírez‐Wong Benjamin , Ledesma‐Osuna Ana I. , Montaño‐Leyva Beatriz , Espinoza‐Acosta José L. , Sánchez‐Machado Dalia I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNutritional benefits of amaranth addition to maize products have been documented. However, studies of the effect on the final product's rheological and textural properties are scarce. The objective was to study the effect of amaranth addition on masa's rheological properties and the tortilla texture of maize nixtamalized flours obtained by extrusion technology.FindingsComposite flours of maize with 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% amaranth were extruded, and masa and tortillas were obtained. Masa properties were evaluated with dynamic rheology and tortilla firmness with the texture profile analysis. The amaranth addition effect was not linear. Fifteen percent addition increased frequency sweep values for G′ and G″, while 30% and 45% addition decreased them. Tortilla firmness decreased at 2 storage hours for 15% addition compared with maize‐only samples (5440 and 7190 (g‐f)/mm). The effects can be partially explained by differences in starch characteristics.ConclusionsAmaranth (15% addition) improved masa viscoelastic behavior and reduced firmness during storage. Besides the nutritional effects, amaranth use at the tested level will be helpful in improving the texture of maize tortillas produced with extruded flour.Significance and NoveltyThe texture of tortillas obtained by extruded flours has not been reported to be completely satisfactory; therefore, the use of amaranth has the potential to improve the final product quality.
Moyamoya syndrome in a child with HbEβ‐thalassemia
Authors: Zahra Akmal , Al‐Abboh Hanan , Habeeb Yousif , Adekile Adekunle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMoyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disease associated with stenosis or occlusion of the arteries of the Circle of Willis. It is uncommon in thalassemia. We present a 9‐year‐old girl with HbEβ‐thalassemia who presented with headache, vomiting, and episodes of transient hemiparesis with complete occlusion internal carotid arteries.
Unilateral pseudouveitis revealing a pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Cherchir Faten , Naceur Ines , Haouari Ahmed Anas , Ben Achour Tayssir , Ben Mansour Hajer , Bellil Khadija , Said Fatma , Houman Mohamed Habib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of malignant potential that tend to have a relative prolonged course. These tumors infrequently metastasize to the orbit. To the best of our knowledge, ocular metastases from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) have never been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 61‐year‐old man who presented with progressive deterioration of general condition with unilateral recurrent episodes of non‐granulomatous panuveitis of the left eye related to a choroidal metastasis. Radiological imaging and histopathological analyses led to the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma as the primary tumor. Choroidal metastases from neuroendocrine tumors are extremely rare, but compromise patients’ well‐being because of visual impairment. Uncommonly, these metastases can be the first manifestation of unknown tumors, warranting further investigations to detect the primary cancer.
Cyclobutanes in Small‐Molecule Drug Candidates
Authors: van der Kolk Marnix R. , Janssen Mathilde A. C. H. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Blanco‐Ania Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique puckered structure, longer C−C bond lengths, increased C−C π‐character and relative chemical inertness for a highly strained carbocycle. This review will focus on contributions of cyclobutane rings in drug candidates to arrive at favorable properties. Cyclobutanes have been employed for improving multiple factors such as preventing cis/trans‐isomerization by replacing alkenes, replacing larger cyclic systems, increasing metabolic stability, directing key pharmacophore groups, inducing conformational restriction, reducing planarity, as aryl isostere and filling hydrophobic pockets.
Adenosine Triphosphate Disodium Modified Hole Transport Layer for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Leng Xuanye , Wan Kaiwei , Wang Hui , Wu Guangbao , Zhang Xuning , Liu Yong , Han Bing , Wang Boxin , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterface engineering is an effectively method for high‐performance perovskite solar cells. Here, for the first time, we implemented a universal bio‐energy carrier‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in the form of adenosine triphosphate disodium (ATPS) on a conjugated polyelectrolytes poly [3‐(4‐carboxybutyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] sodium (P3CTS) hole transport layer (HTL) as a facile interfacial modification for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. ATPS was explored to hold the capability to bridge the P3CTS HTL and the photo‐active perovskite, where the phosphate group of ATPS could passivate the uncoordinated Pb of perovskite via chelation while the adenine group could interact with the carboxyl group of P3CTS. An optimized and moderate band alignment was found in ATPS modified P3CTS HTL with subtle reduced valence band maximum (VBM). Meanwhile, the upper methylammonium lead halide (MAPbI3) perovskite layer on ATPS modified P3CTS HTL showed a superior film quality with larger crystal size and less surface defects. Accordingly, bimolecular recombination was found to be dominant associated to the reduced charge carrier recombination in the ATPS device while the charge extraction across HTL/perovskite interface was also apparently facilitated. As a result, the ATPS modified photovoltaic device exhibited an open current voltage (Voc) of around 1.10 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.15%. Furthermore, the shelf stability of the ATPS device is much superior with almost no decay after 3 months (>2000 h), while only 75% of the original PCE maintained for the control. The work provides a facile interfacial strategy utilizing biomaterials towards efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Practical eDNA sampling methods inferred from particle size distribution and comparison of capture techniques for a Critically Endangered elasmobranch
Authors: Cooper Madalyn K. , Villacorta‐Rath Cecilia , Burrows Damien , Jerry Dean R. , Carr Leah , Barnett Adam , Huveneers Charlie , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) methods are increasingly applied in the marine environment to identify species and community structure. To establish widely applicable eDNA techniques for elasmobranchs, we used the Critically Endangered largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis Linnaeus, 1758) as a model species for: (1) assessing eDNA particle size distribution; (2) assessing the efficiency of long‐term preservation of water samples; and (3) comparing the efficiency and detection sensitivity of filtration and precipitation methods. Water samples (1 L) collected from a tank containing one largetooth sawfish specimen were sequentially filtered through five filter membranes of decreasing pore size (20, 10, 5, 1.2, and 0.45 μm). The proportion of sawfish eDNA retained within each size class was determined through quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) using a species‐specific TaqMan probe assay. A linear mixed‐effects model (lme) showed that the 1.2 and 20 µm filters captured most of the eDNA particles present in the sampled water. Additionally, whole water samples (0.375 L) were preserved in Longmire's buffer, stored at tropical ambient temperatures (26.3°C ± 3.0 SD) and extracted at five time points: immediately, one, two, and three months after collection, as well as frozen and extracted three months later, to assess the preservation efficiency of Longmire's buffer via qPCR analysis. A linear mixed‐effects model showed that samples maintained maximal eDNA yield for at least three months after collection at ambient storage. Lastly, when comparing the filtration and precipitation methods, filtration using 0.45 µm pore size was more sensitive to capture of largetooth sawfish eDNA than filtration with 20 µm filter or water precipitation. However, water precipitation was more efficient when accounting for volume of water processed. These results provide options for best capture and preservation of elasmobranch eDNA.
Adaptation to tonic heat in healthy subjects and patients with sensory polyneuropathy
Authors: Campolo Michela , I. Correa Lilia , Gabarrón Eva , Albayrak Merve , Quintero‐Diaz Carlos , Castellote Juan M. , Casanova‐Mollá Jordi , Valls‐Solé Josep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdaptation to a constant sensory stimulus involves many sites along the path of sensory volleys towards perception. The evaluation of such phenomenon may be of clinical interest. We studied adaptation to a constant temperature stimulus in healthy subjects to set normative data and in patients with sensory polyneuropathy (SPN), as proof of concept.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy subjects and 26 patients with SPN in the context of chemotherapy treatment with oxaliplatin for colon cancer were instructed to express through an electronic VAS system (eVAS); the level of sensation felt when a thermode set at either 39º, 41º, 43º, 45º or 47º was applied to their ventral forearm.ResultsThe eVAS recordings showed typically an abrupt onset that slowed to approach maximum sensation and continued with a slow decrease indicating adaptation. The time to respond (TR), the velocity of the initial response (VR), the maximum sensation (MA), the time to reach MA (MAt), the onset of adaptation (AO) and the decrease in the sensation level with respect to MA at 30 s after stimulus application (SL30), were dependent on the temperature level in all subjects. However, patients showed significantly delayed TR, slowed VR, decreased MA, delayed AO and reduced SL30, with respect to healthy subjects. Differences were more pronounced at low‐temperature levels, with absent AO in 25 patients versus 2 healthy subjects at temperatures of 39º and 41ºC.ConclusionThe study of adaptation to a constant temperature stimulus can furnish valuable data for the assessment of patients with SPN.SignificanceWe studied perceptual changes in the intensity of thermoalgesic sensation during 30 s of constant temperature stimulation after an abrupt initial contact in healthy subjects and patients with sensory polyneuropathy. Patients showed delayed time to respond, decreased maximal sensation and reduced adaptation with respect to healthy subjects. Differences were more pronounced at low and intermediate temperatures (39ºC to 43ºC). The method is of easy implementation and shows clinically relevant abnormalities in patients with sensory polyneuropathy.
Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States
Authors: Démares Fabien J. , Schmehl Daniel , Bloomquist Jeffrey R. , Cabrera Ana R. , Huang Zachary Y. , Lau Pierre , Rangel Juliana , Sullivan Joseph , Xie Xianbing , Ellis James D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The risk of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) exposure to pesticide residues while foraging for nectar and pollen is commonly explored in the context of agroecosystems. However, pesticides are also used in urban and suburban areas for vegetation management, vector control, and the management of ornamental plants in public and private landscapes. The extent to which pesticides pose a health risk to honey bees in these settings remains unclear. We addressed this at a landscape scale by conducting pesticide residue screening analyses on 768 nectar and 862 pollen samples collected monthly over 2 years from honey bee colonies located in urban and suburban areas in eight medium to large cities in California, Florida, Michigan, and Texas (USA). A risk assessment was performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency's BeeREX model whenever an oral toxicity value was available for a compound. Chemical analyses detected 17 pesticides in nectar and 60 in pollen samples during the survey. Approximately 73% of all samples contained no detectable pesticide residues. Although the number of detections varied among the sampled regions, fewer pesticides were detected in nectar than in pollen. Per BeeREX, four insecticides showed a potential acute risk to honey bees: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and esfenvalerate in nectar, and deltamethrin in nectar and pollen. In general, exposure of honey bees to pesticides via nectar and pollen collection was low in urban and suburban areas across the United States, and no seasonal or spatial trends were evident. Our data suggest that honey bees are exposed to fewer pesticides in developed areas than in agricultural ones. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:991–1003. © 2022 SETAC
Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species
Authors: Fritz Bradley G. , Appriou Delphine , Counts Jonathan R. , Sample Bradley E. , Bunn Amoret L. , Dimson Jared F. , West Molly T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Historical use of lead arsenate as a pesticide in former orchards of eastern Washington State (USA) has resulted in legacy lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) soil contamination. However, the impacts on plant growth in soils with residual Pb and As contamination have not yet been quantified. To this end, a comparative study of plant growth impacts was performed for native bluegrass (Poa secunda), invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Using standard plant growth protocols, germination frequency and biomass growth were measured over a wide range of Pb and arsenate concentrations, with maximum concentrations of 3400 and 790 mg kg−1 for Pb and As, respectively. Results indicated that only the biomass growth for all species decreased in soils with the highest concentrations of Pb and As in the soil, with no impacts on soils with lower residual Pb and arsenate concentrations. No impact on percentage of germination was observed at any soil concentration. These results can be used to determine site-specific soil screening levels for use in ecological risk assessments for Pb and arsenate in soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1459–1465. © 2022 Battelle Memorial Institute. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.