bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Consequences of Lumbopelvic Dysfunction: Research and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Grindstaff Terry L. , Mangum L. Colby , Voight Michael 
Published: July 2022

Injuries involving the lumbopelvic region (ie, lumbar spine, pelvis, hip) are common across the lifespan and include pathologies such as low back pain, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, labrum tear, and osteoarthritis. Joint injury is known to result in an arthrogenic muscle response which contributes to muscle weakness and altered movement patterns. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize the arthrogenic muscle response that occurs across lumbopelvic region pathologies, identify methods to quantify muscle function, and propose suggestions for future research. While each lumbopelvic region pathology is unique, there are a few common impairments and a relative consistent arthrogenic muscle response that occurs across the region. Hip muscle weakness and hip joint range of motion limitations occur with both lumbar spine and hip pathologies, and individuals with low back pain are known to demonstrate inhibition of the transversus abdominis and multifidus. Assessment of muscle inhibition is often limited to research laboratory settings, but dynamometers, ultrasound imaging, and electromyography offer clinical capacity to quantify muscle function and inform treatment pathways. Future studies should systematically determine the arthrogenic muscle response across multiple muscle groups and the timeline for changes in muscle function and determine whether disinhibitory modalities improve functional outcomes beyond traditional treatment approaches.
Motor Control: A Conceptual Framework for Rehabilitation
Authors: Levin Mindy F. , Piscitelli Daniele 
Published: July 2022

There is a lack of conceptual and theoretical clarity among clinicians and researchers regarding the control of motor actions based on the use of the term “motor control.” It is important to differentiate control processes from observations of motor output to improve communication and to make progress in understanding motor disorders and their remediation. This article clarifies terminology related to theoretical concepts underlying the control of motor actions, emphasizing how the term “motor control” is applied in neurorehabilitation. Two major opposing theoretical frameworks are described (i.e., direct and indirect), and their strengths and pitfalls are discussed. Then, based on the proposition that sensorimotor rehabilitation should be predicated on one comprehensive theory instead of an eclectic mix of theories and models, several solutions are offered about how to address controversies in motor learning, optimality, and adaptability of movement.
Questionnaires Measuring Physical Activity in Clinical Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lew Si Min , Hewlett Christal K.L. , Anderson Daniel , Finberg Matthew , Ng Leo , Spence Angela L. , Maiorana Andrew , Shetty Vinutha B. , Davey Raymond J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Regular physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone therapy for many childhood chronic health conditions, and questionnaires offer a simple method for monitoring PA and identifying children who do not meet clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine which questionnaires are most efficacious for assessing PA in children with chronic health conditions. Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted through ProQuest, MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from January 2010 to August 2020 to identify studies that measured PA with a validated questionnaire in children and adolescents aged 3–18 years old with chronic health conditions. In eligible studies, the validity and reliability of questionnaires were identified, and the modified COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklist and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations were used to assess the quality and strength of evidence and risk of bias. Results: Four thousand four hundred and seventy-eight references were extracted, and 10 articles were included for review. From 10 eligible studies, 6 questionnaires were identified, none of which adequately measure PA in clinical pediatric populations. Conclusion: Questionnaires to adequately measure PA in children with chronic conditions are lacking. This compromises the identification of those who do not meet PA guidelines, limiting the opportunity to identify and address factors contributing to low PA levels.
Thermophoresis and thermal orientation of Janus nanoparticles in thermal fields
Authors: Bresme Fernando , Olarte-Plata Juan D. , Chapman Aidan , Albella Pablo , Green Calum 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermal fields provide a route to control the motion of nanoparticles and molecules and potentially modify the behaviour of soft matter systems. Janus nanoparticles have emerged as versatile building blocks for the self-assembly of materials with novel properties. Here we investigate using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations the behaviour of coarse-grained models of Janus nanoparticles under thermal fields. We examine the role of the heterogeneous structure of the particle on the Soret coefficient and thermal orientation by studying particles with different internal structures, mass distribution, and particle–solvent interactions. We also examine the thermophoretic response with temperature, targeting liquid and supercritical states and near-critical conditions. We find evidence for a significant enhancement of the Soret coefficient near the critical point, leading to the complete alignment of a Janus particle in the thermal field. This behaviour can be modelled and rationalized using a theory that describes the thermal orientation with the nanoparticle Soret coefficient, the mass and interaction anisotropy of the Janus nanoparticle, and the thermal field’s strength. Our simulations show that the mass anisotropy plays a crucial role in driving the thermal orientation of the Janus nanoparticles.

Graphic abstract
Note on transmitted complexity for the modified compound states
Authors: Watanabe Noboru 
Published: July 2022

In Ref. 27, Ohya proposed the information dynamics synthesizing several ways of studying complex systems. In information dynamics, there are two types of complexities, one is a complexity of state representing system itself and another is a transmitted complexity between two systems. Entropies in classical and quantum systems are examples of these complexities of information dynamics. Transmitted complexity is an important tool to analyze the efficiency of information transmission in communication processes. In order to treat a flow of dynamical process, dynamical entropies were introduced in not only classical but also quantum systems. Based on the transition expectation introduced by Accardi to study quantum Markov process, the KOW entropy for completely positive (CP) maps was defined in Ref. 17. The generalized AOW and the AF entropies was constructed by the KOW entropy. The compound states are important tool to define the transmitted entropy 43,44. The transmitted complexity associated with the separable compound states is defined by using the generalized AOW entropy in Refs. 36 and 45. In this paper, we define a transmitted complexity (quantum dynamical mutual entropy) by means of the modified compound states and we prove the fundamental inequalities of the transmitted complexity for the independent quantum dynamical systems.
Mathematical modeling and dissipative structure for systems of magnetohydrodynamics with Hall effect
Authors: Kawashima Shuichi , Nakasato Ryosuke , Ogawa Takayoshi 
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with the mathematical modeling of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics by taking account of the Hall effect. We discuss conservation laws, strict convexity of the negative entropy as a function of conserved quantities, and the associated energy form. Moreover, we investigate the dissipative structure and decay properties of the linearized systems as applications of the general theory developed in Umeda et al. [On the decay of solutions to the linearized equations of electro-magneto-fluid dynamics, Japan J. Appl. Math. 1 (1984) 435–457] and Shizuta and Kawashima [Systems of equations of hyperbolic–parabolic type with applications to the discrete Boltzmann equation, Hokkaido Math. J. 14 (1985) 249–275].
Automated Hashtag Hierarchy Generation Using Community Detection and the Shannon Diversity Index, with Applications to Twitter and Parler
Authors: Torene Spencer , Follmann Andrew , Teague Thomas , Chang Peter , Howald Blake 
Published: July 2022

Developing semantic hierarchies from user-created hashtags in social media can provide useful organizational structure to large volumes of data. However, construction of these hierarchies is difficult using established ontologies (e.g. WordNet [C. Fellbaum (ed.), WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998)]) due to the differences in the semantic and pragmatic use of words versus hashtags in social media. While alternative construction methods based on hashtag frequency are relatively straightforward, these methods can be susceptible to the dynamic nature of social media, such as hashtags with brief surges in popularity. We drew inspiration from the ecologically based Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) [J. L. Wilhm, Use of biomass units in Shannon’s formula, Ecology 49(1) (1968) 153–156] to create a more representative and resilient method of semantic hierarchy construction that relies upon network-based community detection and a novel, entropy-based ensemble diversity index (EDI) score. The EDI quantifies the contextual diversity of each hashtag, resulting in thousands of semantically related groups of hashtags organized along a general-to-specific spectrum. Through an application of EDI to social media data (Twitter and Parler) and a comparison of our results to prior approaches, we demonstrate our method’s ability to create semantically consistent hierarchies that can be flexibly applied and adapted to a range of use cases.
Biomechanical Study of Modified Massachusetts General Hospital Flexor Tendon Repair Using Looped Sutures
Authors: WANG Qiao , WONG Yoke Rung , McGROUTHER Duncan Angus 
Published: July 2022

Background: Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) repair is one of the widely used 4-strand flexor tendon repair techniques. However, it uses two single strand sutures that are each passed twice across the repair site. This is time consuming and may cause imbalance of the load across the repair. We modified the MGH repair by using a looped suture and call it the looped MGH repair. The aim of this study is to compare the strength of the looped MGH repair performed with three different looped sutures against the strength of original MGH repair. Methods: Forty porcine flexors were used for the study. The original MGH repair was performed with Prolene® 4-0. Looped MGH repair was performed with three different loop sutures, Supramid® 4-0, Tendo-Loop® 4-0 and FiberLoop® 4-0. Mechanism of failure, ultimate tensile strength, stiffness, load to 2-mm gap formation and repair time were recorded for comparison. Results: There was no significant difference between the original MGH repair and the looped repair using Supramid® regarding their biomechanical performance. Looped MGH repair using Tendo-Loop® and FiberLoop® showed significantly higher ultimate tensile strength and FiberLoop® had highest 2-mm gap force. All looped MGH repairs required significant less time compared to original MGH repair. Conclusions: Our modification of the MGH repair using a looped Supramid® 4-0 suture took significantly lesser time to perform while providing the same strength as the original MGH repair using Prolene® 4-0. The use of the FiberLoop® 4-0 provided significantly greater strength while taking lesser time.
The Effect of Hand Dominance, Age, Gender, Fracture Comminution and ASA Status on Time to Fracture Healing Following Surgical Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: TANG Camelia Qian Ying , CHIOW Si Min , LAI Sean Han Sheng , CHIA Dawn Sinn Yii 
Published: July 2022

Background: There is recent renewed interest in the effect of hand dominance on distal radius fractures. Current studies focus on functional or patient-reported outcomes, with lack of studies pertaining to radiological outcomes. The primary aim of this study is to examine the effect of hand dominance on time to fracture healing following surgical fixation of distal radius fracture. We also looked at the effect of age, gender, fracture comminution and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status on time to fracture healing.Methods: Patients who underwent distal radius fracture fixation surgery in our department from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 were included. Time to fracture healing was taken from the day of surgery to when radiographic union was present as evidence by bridging callus or osseous bone. We looked at the effect of hand dominance, age, gender, fracture comminution and ASA status on time to fracture healing.Results: One hundred and forty-five consecutive patients (80 females and 65 males) had a mean period of 56.2 ± 41.8 days to fracture healing post-operatively. Patients with dominant hand injury had a shorter duration to fracture healing than patients with non-dominant hand injury (mean 47.3 ± 31.1 days versus 62.1 ± 46.8 days, p = 0.023). Patients ≥ 65 years and with pre-existing medical conditions (ASA Class II and above) had a longer duration to fracture healing (mean 63.7 ± 53.0 days versus 51.9 ± 33.4 days, p = 0.036 and mean 47.9 ± 30.0 days versus 62.0 ± 47.7 days, p = 0.016, respectively). In addition, patients with comminuted fractures took longer to heal than patients with non-comminuted fractures (mean 57.6 ± 33.4 days versus 48.3 ± 20.8 days, p = 0.038).Conclusion: Time to fracture healing post distal radius fracture fixation surgery was significantly related to hand dominance, as well as age, ASA classification and fracture configuration. Dominant wrist injuries had shorter time to fracture healing.Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Limited Active Metacarpophalangeal Extension of the Ring Finger Due to Scarring of the Juncturae Tendinum: A Case Report
Authors: HASHIMOTO Akira , TSUBOKAWA Naoto , SONOHATA Motoki , MAWATARI Masaaki 
Published: July 2022

A limitation of finger extension resulting from scarring of the juncturae tendinum (JT) is a rare condition. We report a patient with limitation in active extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) of the ring finger due to a scarred JT in a 37-year-old man. Surgical exploration showed a hard, fixed and scarred JT in the third intermetacarpal space. After resection of the scarred JT, the patient achieved full range of active extension of the ring finger MCPJ. Scarring of the JT may decrease excursion of the extensor digitorum communis and must be considered as one of the differentials in patients with limitation in MCPJ extension. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Acquired Constriction Band Syndrome Affecting Multiple Digits – A Case Report
Authors: KENDIR Munur Selcuk , DADACI Mehmet , UYAR Ilker , YILDIRIM Mehmet Emin Cem 
Published: July 2022

Rubber band syndrome is a condition that usually affects children because of wearing a rubber band on the wrist or the ankle. Depending on the degree of pressure caused by the band, patients may present acutely with ischemia and necrosis of the tissues distal to the bands or chronically with change in shape, oedema, loss of function, sensation and rarely amputation. This condition is very rare in adults and most reports in literature are in patients with cognitive impairment or psychiatric illness. We report 62-year-old lady with a background of a psychiatric illness who presented with an acquired constriction band syndrome affecting multiple digits of both hands. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Tenosynovitis with Psammomatous Calcifications Masquerading as Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis
Authors: MULLEN Connor R. , KUBIAK Carrie A. , GRANT David W. , CHUNG Kevin C. 
Published: July 2022

We present a case report examining the clinical management of tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcifications presenting like pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis in a pregnant patient. Discussion details overlapping symptoms, important distinctions on imaging studies and the appropriateness of surgery. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Left Ventricle Segmentation in Cardiac MR Images via an Improved ResUnet
Authors: Xu Shengzhou , Lu Haoran , Cheng Shiyu , Pei Chengdan 
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are reported as the leading cause of death around the world. Automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) from magnetic resonance (MR) images is essential for an early diagnosis. An enhanced ResUnet is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of extracting LV endocardium and epicardium from MR images, improving the accuracy of the model by introducing a medium skip connection for the contracting path and a short skip connection for the residual unit. Also, a depth-wise separable convolution replaces the typical convolution operation to improve training efficiency. In the MICCAI 2009 LV segmentation challenge test dataset, the percentages of “good” contours, dice metric, and average perpendicular distance of endocardium (epicardium) are

99.12
%
±
2.29
%

100
%
±
0
%

,
0.93
±
0.02

0.96
±
0.01

,
and

1.60
±
0.42

mm

1.37
±
0.23

mm

, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model obtains promising performance and outperforms state-of-the-art methods. By incorporating these various skip connections, the segmentation accuracy of the model is significantly improved, while the depth-wise separable convolution also improves the model efficiency.
The New Canadian Law of Refugee Exclusion: An Empirical Analysis of International Criminal Law Deportation Orders, January 2018 to July 2020
Authors: Wallace Simon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Perpetrators of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and senior officials in notorious government regimes, can be deported from Canada. This study reports on the first complete and systematic empirical analysis of all finalized international criminality deportation cases in Canada. The analysis, a review of deportation cases finalized between January 2018 and July 2020, shows that Canada is using deportation law in place of, and instead of, refugee exclusion law. This means that scholars interested in Canadian refugee exclusion should play close attention to deportation law. This study also found that international criminality allegations were usually made against people for their involvement in problematic police, prison, or military institutions. Most international criminality deportation investigations were minimal and revolved almost entirely around a person’s self-disclosures. This article concludes with a discussion about how deportation law and process makes international criminal law unique in the deportation context.
Development of a full-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat flux exposures
Authors: Kang Sungwook , Kwon Minjae , Choi Joung Yoon , Choi Sengkwan 
Published: July 2022

This study discusses the development process of a full-scale test facility composed of a high-performance radiant heating system, a life-sized instrumented thermal manikin system with sensing assemblies, associated equipment and in-house software controlling the entire system. This test system was aimed to be used to examine the behaviour of emergency-responder garments and subsequently to find weaknesses of turnout gears at critical thermal conditions greater than a standard 84-kW/m2-intensity, thereby contributing to improving the survival chance of firefighters who could be requested to execute an emergency evacuation from an unexpected growth of modern fires. To impose a target 126-kW/m2-irradiance throughout the garment-dressed manikin’s exposed surface for a limited period of time (12 s) as uniformly, consistently, stably and safely as possible, several technical aspects were considered: the amounts of heat-source power and electric power-supply; areas of heating and receiving and their geometrical relationship; a practical percentage of the maximum heater-capability; efficiencies of electric power-supply and water-cooling; movable equipment; and safety equipment. Two analytical models were encoded using a finite difference method in the LabVIEW platform to determine a burn injury distribution throughout the manikin-shell in association with the measurement data from the test system. The heating system and software were validated in respect of the heating consistency, vertical intensity variation, intensity-rise rate and discrepancies between the existing and present models. It was proved that the heating system is capable of increasing its heat emission up to 126 kW/m2 within 1.5 s, maintaining the intensity-level with less than 9-kW/m2-change for 12 s, and distributing the intensity-level with less than 11-kW/m2-variation along the vertical direction, from 45-cm- to 155-cm-height. The development process can contribute to the ability to develop a large-scale test facility to test specimens under a critical thermal exposure condition for research purposes.
Com fôlego e látego: violência, armas e os limites da resistência no livro de Isaías
Authors: Lemos T. M. 
Published: July 2022

Resumo Este artigo explora a maneira como as passagens de Isaías que resistem à violência são neutralizadas pelas inúmeras passagens do livro que a promovem. Mais especificamente, o artigo sustenta que o livro apresenta uma relação ambivalente em relação à pessoalidade de dominação, um tipo de pessoalidade que é dependente da violência desumanizadora. A disseminação de imagens de violência e armas em Isaías está ligada à relação problemática do livro com a pessoalidade de dominação. No entanto, se empregadas como parte de uma estratégia maior de busca de justiça, as passagens de Isaías podem ser usadas como instrumentos de resistência. ***
Intentional Self-Regulation and Executive Functions: Overlap and Uniqueness in Predicting Positive Development Among Youth in Iceland
Authors: Gestsdottir Steinunn , Geldhof G. John , Birgisdóttir Freyja , Andrésdóttir Jóhanna C. 
Published: July 2022

This study examined relations between intentional self-regulation (ISR) and executive functions (EFs) among 84 Icelandic youth in Grade 6 (mean age 11.7 years; 51% girls) and their contributions to healthy and problematic outcomes a year later. ISR was indicated by the Selection, Optimization and Compensation model (SOC) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL). EF was indicated by attention shifting, inhibition, and working memory (WM). Only WM was related to ISR. Furthermore, ISR tended to uniquely predict Grade 6 outcomes, but the inverse was less true. In Grade 7, EF but not ISR uniquely predicted national test scores, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas ISR remained a stronger predictor of Positive Youth Development (PYD) and risk behavior. These findings suggest a limited relation between ISR and EF, and that ISR is important to the general well-being of youth, whereas EFs may play a role in the development of problems and academic achievement.