bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of designing a back propagation neural network to predict the levitation force of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Ke Zhihao , Chen Yining , Deng Zigang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The levitation force between the superconductor and the magnet is highly nonlinear and affected by the coupling of multiple factors, which brings many obstacles to research and application. In addition to experimental methods and finite element simulations, the booming artificial neural network (ANN) which is adept at continuous nonlinear fitting may provide another solution to predict the levitation force. And this topic has not been deeply investigated so far. Therefore, this study aims to apply the ANN to predict the levitation force, and a typical neural network applied with the back propagation (BP) is adopted. The data set with 2399 pieces of data considers nine input factors and one force output, which was experimentally obtained by several test devices. The pre-process of the data set contains cleaning, balancing, one-hot encoding (for the discrete classified variable), normalization (for the continuous variable) and randomization. A classical perception with three layers (input, hidden and output layer) is applied in this paper. And the gradient descent back propagation algorithm reduces the error by iteration. Through the assessment and evaluation of the network, a great prediction accuracy could achieve. The prediction results could well illustrate the features of force (nonlinear, hysteresis, external field dependence and type difference between the bulk and stack), which confirm the feasibility of using a BP neural network to predict the levitation force. Furthermore, the performance of the neural network is determined by the data set, especially the uniformity and balance among factors in the set. Moreover, the huge gap in the quantity of data between factors disturbs the network to make a comprehensive judgment, and in this situation, the binary one-hot encoding of the small quantity and discrete data factor is efficient, instead of the actual value of the factor, the one-hot encoded data only represent the category. Moreover, a label encoder method is adopted to distinguish the decent and ascend (decent = 1, ascent = 0) for the force hysteresis.
Electromagnetically induced transparency based on magnetic toroidal mode of dielectric reverse-symmetric spiral metasurfaces
Authors: Fu Tao , Zhou Ziquan , Wang Daofan , Yang Tianbo , Li Haiou , Chen Yonghe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The intriguing properties of the toroidal mode (TM) resonance can potentially promote a low-loss light–matter interaction. This study proposes an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance with a high quality factor, which can reach 7798, and low mode volume can reach 0.009 μm3, high contrast ratio can reach nearly 100%, in the near-infrared region, which is generated by the magnetic TM in a reverse-symmetric coupling spiral metasurface. A two-oscillator model can only explain the influence of near-field coupling at the EIT point for weak coupling. Moreover, a multipole decomposition method shows that the excitation mechanism of EIT resonances originates from the destructive interference between the subradiant modes (magnetic toroidal dipole-electric quadrupole) and magnetic dipole resonance. Consequently, a new general extinction spectrum interference model is applied to fit all coupling conditions for both weak and strong coupling results that perfectly correspond to the multipole decomposition method. The results of this study could be useful in the analysis and understanding of the electromagnetic coupling characteristics of nanoparticles and provide a design approach for novel metasurfaces for low-loss optical applications.
Instabilities of complex fluids with partially structured and partially random interactions
Authors: Carugno Giorgio , Neri Izaak , Vivo Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We develop a theory for thermodynamic instabilities of complex fluids composed of many interacting chemical species organised in families. This model includes partially structured and partially random interactions and can be solved exactly using tools from random matrix theory. The model exhibits three kinds of fluid instabilities: one in which the species form a condensate with a local density that depends on their family (family condensation); one in which species demix in two phases depending on their family (family demixing); and one in which species demix in a random manner irrespective of their family (random demixing). We determine the critical spinodal density of the three types of instabilities and find that the critical spinodal density is finite for both family condensation and family demixing, while for random demixing the critical spinodal density grows as the square root of the number of species. We use the developed framework to describe phase-separation instability of the cytoplasm induced by a change in pH.
Estimation of seizure onset zone from ictal scalp EEG using independent component analysis in extratemporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: de Borman Aurélie , Vespa Simone , Tahry Riëm El , Absil P.-A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study is to localize the seizure onset zone of patients suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy. During the last two decades, multiple studies proposed the use of independent component analysis (ICA) to analyze ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. This study aims at evaluating ICA potential with quantitative measurements. In particular, we address the challenging step where the components extracted by ICA of an ictal nature must be selected. Approach. We considered a cohort of 10 patients suffering from extratemporal lobe epilepsy who were rendered seizure-free after surgery. Different sets of pre-processing parameters were compared and component features were explored to help distinguish ictal components from others. Quantitative measurements were implemented to determine whether some of the components returned by ICA were located within the resection zone and thus likely to be ictal. Finally, an assistance to the component selection was proposed based on the implemented features. Main results. For every seizure, at least one component returned by ICA was localized within the resection zone, with the optimal pre-processing parameters. Three features were found to distinguish components localized within the resection zone: the dispersion of their active brain sources, the ictal rhythm power and the contribution to the EEG variance. Using the implemented component selection assistance based on the features, the probability that the first proposed component yields an accurate estimation reaches 51.43% (without assistance: 24.74%). The accuracy reaches 80% when considering the best result within the first five components. Significance. This study confirms the utility of ICA for ictal EEG analysis in extratemporal lobe epilepsy, and suggests relevant features to analyze the components returned by ICA. A component selection assistance is proposed to guide clinicians in their choice for ictal components.
The role of sectoral coverage in emission abatement costs: evidence from marginal cost savings
Authors: Zhang Qifeng , Fang Kai , Chen Jing , Liu Hong , Liu Peilin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sectoral coverage that plays a critical role in operationalizing the emission trading scheme (ETS), has gained substantive attention. Despite the insightful views on sectoral coverage from the emission reduction potential or carbon leakage, previous studies overlook the cost-effectiveness of ETS in the sense that the varying marginal contributions of each sector to reducing emission abatement costs (EACs) (which is defined as marginal cost savings, MCSs) remain underexplored. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a costs-oriented approach for sectoral coverage (COASCO), which ranks the sectors by estimating and comparing their MCSs. Taking China’s climate targets by 2030 as an example, we conduct an empirical study that implements the COASCO method to explore the impacts of sectoral coverage on China’s EACs. Our analysis demonstrates that, while coverage extension generally reduces China’s EACs, a small sectoral coverage can already lead to a substantial decline in the national EACs. The results underpin the Pareto principle that covering six sectors (i.e. Electricity production, Metallurgy, Transport and storage, Petroleum and gas, Nonmetal mining) out of 29 can reduce China’s EACs by over 80% compared to covering Electricity production only. Although coverage extension may reduce the differences in EACs between sectors and improve market activation, extending the sectoral coverage probably gives rise to the number of big carbon traders, which thenincreases the risks of market manipulation. As a result, covering those six sectors can reach a balance between ETS market activation and risks. By providing a generalized and systematic framework for determining the sectoral coverage, this study makes it possible to minimize the total EACs associated with any sectoral coverages, thus assisting policymakers in fulfilling China’s latest ambitious goals of reaching carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 in a cost-effective manner.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation for Highway Project from Consultant’s Perspectives in Malaysia
Authors: Halim E , Mohamed A , Fathi M S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In today’s world, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is not a new term in the construction industry. Although BIM has been adopted in the AEC industry for a few decades now, the BIM implementation cultivation pace between developed countries and developing countries such as many European which considered as BIM leaders and some Asian countries has still shown significant differences. In Malaysia, there are several remarkable building projects with BIM utilization but very limited in road and highways project. Despite BIM capabilities in facilitating designers during design stage, BIM implementation are still considered unfavourable within the highway design consultants in Malaysia. Many firms seem reluctant to migrate from their traditional 2D drafting centric design process to BIM design process due to several reasons such as high cost in software investment, inadequate knowledge and expertise on BIM and lack of promotion from the government or relevant authority. Although BIM can benefit the project throughout its life-cycle from preliminary to operation and maintenance stage, the coordination and integration during design stage can contributes to positive impacts in progressing towards efficient construction documentation and construction stage. BIM 3D integrated modelling during design stage (conceptual and detailed design) are deemed to facilitate a highway project in terms of optimization through early visualization, design for constructability, road safety enhancement, reduce error and time consumption during construction and early clash detection. Therefore, this paper is intended to gather preliminary outlooks and views from the present practitioners in the highway industry on challenges encounters by consultants using the current traditional design practices, BIM capabilities in transforming the current design approach and BIM adoption barriers in Malaysian highway industry. Series of interviews were conducted with the professionals involved in highway projects especially during the design stage and based on the findings from the interviews conducted, all highway design consultants from various disciplines are aware on how BIM can tackle the challenges of current traditional design practice with 3D modelling approach and collaborative working environment. Although the results showed that highway consultants are willing to migrate to BIM workflow, cost and lack of expertise, urges from government and understanding on BIM are among barriers which hinder the BIM adoption in highway industry.
Investigation physical and rheological properties of bio-asphalt containing waste cooking oil
Authors: Ali A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, several oil-based modifications have been employed to give clear benefits to the pavement sector, including the use of waste cooking oil (WCO). These activities are aimed at resolving waste management issues. The purpose of this research is to see if using waste cooking oil as an additive to the asphalt binder, which will be utilized later in the construction of flexible pavements, is feasible. This will be seen as an appropriate and lawful way of disposing of this kind of wastes. The current investigation examined the physical and rheological properties of aged and unaged binder modified with different percentages of WCO. In addition to the control sample, three different percentages of WCO content (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% by weight of the binder) were blended with the PEN 60/70 control binder to evaluate for such related properties of the waste cooking oil-modified binder (WCOMB). Then, after aging the samples in a Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), the properties were verified through flash and fire points, penetration, softening point, viscosity, and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests. The findings proved that the penetration depth of the modified binder increased as WCO ratios increased, while the softening point decreased. The study was showed that the binder became soft in the presence of WCO. The results of the viscosity and DSR tests were satisfactory until the WCO content reached 3%. Based on the findings, the modified asphalt binder was workable and less rigid until it reached 3% of WCO. Moreover, recycling this waste material will be a suitable technique in waste materials recycling.
A Preliminary Study: Influence of Sub-Surface Ground Condition on the Tunnel Boring Machine Performance
Authors: Ramanathan K , Abdullah R A , Rahim A , Jusoh S N , Khoo C M , Fua X , Ban Y Xin , Xie Q 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tunnelling through various ground condition affects the performance of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). Previous researches have conducted studies to explain on this relationship. However, a more localised influence of Malaysian Kenny Hill Formation subsurface condition towards TBM drive are yet to be carried out. This study will assess this relationship at areas nearby Museum Station during the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Line 1 with a length span of 540m. After the data collection from TBM and borehole report, data analysis was carried out namely using cutter head, thrust cylinder and subsurface profiling. These data were plotted based on the chainage and tunnel ring number. It is observed that subsurface profile at Ring 9 and Ring 11 required a higher thrust force due to its cohesive soil condition and inclusion of sandstone rock. However, Ring 10 is vice versa as there were more non-recovered soil samples at the specified area. The reduction of thrust force eventually increases the speed of TBM penetration. Thus, a clear relationship showing that subsurface condition highly influences the TBM drive.
Geotechnical Properties Of Tropical Residual Soils For Sustainable Landfilling
Authors: Yamusa Y B , Mohammed H I , Ahmad K , Majid Z 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To select a site for sanitary landfilling, it is paramount that geotechnical analysis is conducted to acquire relevant data for the purpose of studying soil properties. One of the basic requirements for the landfill site selection process is geotechnical criteria. This ensures that the chosen sites are founded on an impermeable soil deposit having adequate geotechnical characteristics that is also socially acceptable, economically cheap, and environmentally friendly. Geotechnical properties investigated in the laboratory for three sites samples comprises volumetric shrinkage, shear strength, and permeability. Groundwater contamination comes because of leachate. As such soil meant for landfill sites must have exceptional geotechnical properties able of restraining these leachates. Consequently, landfill soils must possess excellent ability to retain leachate in terms of permeability, an acceptable shear strength to withstand the waste load, and appropriate volumetric shrinkage to refute wetting and drying seasonal variations. The physical properties which showed that site A has a fines content of its soil up to 51%, site B with 29% and site C with 14%. Engineering property showed that site A has the lowest permeability of 2.1 × 10-9 m/s, followed by site B with 2.08 × 10-8 m/s, and then site C with the highest permeability of 1.5 × 10-7 m/s at OMC. The results show that only site A achieved maximum regulatory range of permeability value of 10-9 m/s. This implies that site A is the most suitable and sustainable, then followed by site B and then site C.
Geomorphological Spatial Model of Risk Analysis for Natural Disasters in Heritage Railway Tunnel
Authors: Rahmadana A D W , Rosyidi S A P , Setiawan D M , Nuraini R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Flood event in Ijo Tunnel led to disruption to schedules and train routes. The objectives of this research are to determine the susceptibility, vulnerability, capacity, and risk, to analyze the geophysical and geotechnical condition, and to compile the strategy of disaster mitigation of Ijo Tunnel. A spatial approach based on landform analysis was performed to establish the disaster components. Geophysical and geotechnical investigation was conducted to describe the condition of the affected region. A field survey was accomplished to collect data and to study supporting works of literature. The descriptive analysis was completed to determine strategy and recommendation in flood and potential landslide mitigation. The result depicts that Ijo Tunnel holds multi-disaster risk such as floods and landslides. The occurrence of floods is induced by extreme rainfall and inability of drainage channels to retain water. The landslide potential is influenced by morphological factors and composting materials in Ijo Tunnel’s region. The existence of spring fracture on the north slope also contributes to increasing the slopes’ landslide potential. The flood mitigation measure can be carried out by building a well-prepared drainage system and watershed and surface runoff management. Areas with a high level of landslide susceptibility can be overcome by building permanent retaining walls and pipes on slopes to reduce the soil saturation level.
Two-dimensional self-consistent numerical simulation of the whole discharge region in an atmospheric argon arc
Authors: ZHANG Zelong , WANG Cheng , SUN Qiang , XIA Weidong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 2D self-consistent numerical model of the whole argon-arc discharge region that includes electrodes is developed in this work to facilitate analysis of the physical processes occurring in atmospheric arc plasma. The 2D arc column model contains the ionization and thermal non-equilibrium, which is coupled with a 1D electrode sheath model. The influence of plasma-species diffusion near the electrode region is investigated based on Maxwell–Stefan equations and the generalized Ohm’s law. The numerical results of argon free-burning arcs at atmospheric pressure are then investigated. The simulation shows that the plasma is obviously in the state of thermal and ionization equilibrium in the arc core region, while it deviates from thermal and ionization equilibrium in the arc fringe region. The actual electron density decreases rapidly in the near-anode and near-cathode regions due to non-equilibrium ionization, resulting in a large electron number gradient in these regions. The results indicate that electron diffusion has an important role in the near-cathode and near-anode regions. When the anode arc root gradually contracts, it is easy to obtain a positive voltage drop of the anode sheath (I = 50 A), while it remains difficult to acquire a positive anode sheath voltage drop (I = 150 A). The current–voltage characteristics predicted by our model are found to be identical to the experimental values.
Detecting depression in persons living in long-term care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Mele Bria , Watt Jennifer , Wu Pauline , Azeem Feeha , Lew Grace , Holroyd–Leduc Jayna , Goodarzi Zahra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveDepressive disorders are common in long-term care (LTC), however, there is no one process used to detect depressive disorders in this setting. Our goal was to describe the diagnostic accuracy of depression detection tools used in LTC settings.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy measures. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 September 2021. Studies involving persons living in LTC, assisted living residences or facilities, comparing diagnostic accuracy of depression tools with a reference standard, were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsWe identified 8,463 citations, of which 20 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 19 in meta-analysis. We identified 23 depression detection tools (including different versions) that were validated against a reference standard. At a cut-off point of 6 on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), the pooled sensitivity was 73.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 43.9%–76.5%), specificity was 76.5% (95% CI 62.9%–86.7%), and an area under the curve was 0.83. There was significant heterogeneity in these analyses. There was insufficient data to conduct meta-analysis of other screening tools. The Nursing Homes Short Depression Inventory (NH-SDI) had a sensitivity ranging from 40.0% to 98.0%. The 4-item Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) had the highest sensitivity (67.0%–90.0%) for persons in LTC living with dementia.ConclusionsThere are 23 tools validated for detection of depressive disorders in LTC, with the GDS-15 being the most studied. Tools developed specifically for use in LTC settings include the NH-SDI and CSDD-4, which provide briefer options to screen for depression. However, more studies of both are needed to examine tool accuracy using meta-analyses.
Slavery and Interethnic Sexual Violence
Authors: Herzig Tamar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article unpacks the 1610 case of a multiple perpetrator rape of enslaved female Jews from Tétouan by Catholic convicts and Muslim slaves in Livorno, early modern Italy’s leading slaving center. Adding to the ongoing attempts to expose the violence inherent to the historical records of slavery, it charts the efforts to silence the slaves and offers a counternarrative to the one their slavers wished to create by erasing their suffering. The article argues that the assault was justified as part of a business strategy. The rape of female slaves by enslaved men as a means of increasing the slavers’ profits, it suggests, was thus a more global phenomenon than has hitherto been assumed and was not limited to women’s systematic raping in Atlantic slavery. Problematizing the scholarly focus on Muslim-Christian reciprocity in early modern Mediterranean slavery, it then proposes that the affluence of Livorno’s Jewish community increased the vulnerability of enslaved Jews in the city to excessive abuse. Complicating historiographic notions regarding religious pluralism and interethnic relations in Livorno, the assault’s analysis underscores the importance of writing Jewish slave women back into not only the history of slavery but also the narratives of Jewish history and Italian history.