bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of deaths in neonates and children aged 1–59 months in Nigeria: verbal autopsy findings of 2019 Verbal and Social Autopsy study
Authors: Odejimi Adeyinka , Quinley John , Eluwa George Ikechi , Kunnuji Michael , Wammanda Robinson Daniel , Weiss William , James Femi , Bello Mustapha , Ogunlewe Adenike , King Rebekah , Franca-Koh Ana Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Nigeria has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in the world. Identifying the causes of these deaths is crucial to inform changes in policy documents, design and implementation of appropriate interventions to reduce these deaths. This study aimed to provide national and zonal-level estimates of the causes of under-five death in Nigeria in the 2013–2018 periods.

Methods
We conducted retrospective inquiries into the cause of deaths of 948 neonates and 2,127 children aged 1–59 months as identified in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The verbal autopsy asked about signs and symptoms during the final illness. The Physician Coded Verbal Autopsy (PCVA) and Expert Algorithm Verbal Autopsy (EAVA) methods were employed to assign the immediate and underlying cause of deaths to all cases.

Result
For the analysis, sampling weights were applied to accommodate non-proportional allocation. Boys accounted for 56 percent of neonatal deaths and 51.5 percent of the 1–59-months old deaths. About one-quarter of under-5 mortality was attributed to neonatal deaths, and 50 percent of these neonatal deaths were recorded within 48 h of delivery. Overall, 84 percent of the under-5 deaths were in the northern geopolitical zones. Based on the two methods for case analysis, neonatal infections (sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis) were responsible for 44 percent of the neonatal deaths, followed by intrapartum injury (PCVA: 21 percent vs. EAVA: 29 percent). The three main causes of death in children aged 1–59 months were malaria (PCVA: 23 percent vs. EAVA: 35 percent), diarrhoea (PCVA: 17 percent vs. EAVA: 23 percent), and pneumonia (PCVA: 10 percent vs. EAVA: 12 percent). In the North West, where the majority of under-5 (1–59 months) deaths were recorded, diarrhoea was the main cause of death (PCVA: 24.3 percent vs. EAVA: 30 percent).

Conclusion
The causes of neonatal and children aged 1–59 months deaths vary across the northern and southern regions. By homing on the specific causes of mortality by region, the study provides crucial information that may be useful in planning appropriately tailored interventions to significantly reduce under-five deaths in Nigeria.
Patient registries in orthopedics and orthobiologic procedures: a narrative review
Authors: Magaway Cedric Lester , Malanga Gerard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere has been increasing evidence and growing popularity of orthobiologic treatments, such as platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and microfragmented adipose tissue. However, real-world data, including patient-reported pain and function outcomes, remains sparse for these procedures. Thus, collecting patient-reported outcome measures is important to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments and hopefully improve patient care. Patient reported outcome measures can systematically be collected through patient registries. This narrative review serves to describe the data collection platforms and registries that obtain patient-reported outcome measures on orthobiologic procedures and provide a discussion on the benefits and limitations of registries. An internet search of the list of orthopedic registries available was conducted, and registries that collect patient-reported outcome measures for orthobiologic procedures were identified. Additional information regarding these various registries was collected by directly contacting these vendors. Publications from these registries, including case series, observational studies, and annual reports, were also reviewed. Providing this review will inform clinicians of a digital tool that can increase the efficiency of collecting outcome measures for orthobiologics and aid physicians in choosing a data collection platform.
Comparison of oral hypofunction tests and determination of reference values for a subjective masticatory function test
Authors: Uchida Yoshiki , Sato Yuji , Kitagawa Noboru , Furuya Junichi , Osawa Tokiko , Isobe Akio , Terazawa Mayumi , Hatanaka Yukiko , Shichita Toshiharu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Japan, oral hypofunction has been recognized as a disease since 2018. An alternative to occlusal force testing for assessing oral hypofunction is the evaluation of the number of natural teeth. Subjective masticatory function testing, which evaluates the ease or difficulty in chewing foods, is an effective alternative to occlusal force testing. However, no reference values have been established for this test. We determined the reference values of the subjective masticatory function test and evaluated its potential as a substitute for the number of natural teeth for assessing oral hypofunction.

Methods
The sample consisted of 184 older adults who visited the Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University Dental Hospital, from July 2018 to January 2020. The subjective masticatory function test (table for evaluation of chewing function in complete denture wearers [Chewing Score 20]) was performed using 20 foods. The occlusal force test and a receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine the reference values for Chewing Score 20. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated and compared with the occlusal force test and the number of natural teeth.

Results
A significant correlation (r) was found between the occlusal force test and the Chewing Score 20 (r = 0.526, p < 0.001). The reference value for Chewing Score 20 was < 85. Although the Chewing Score 20 was less sensitive than the number of natural teeth, it demonstrated a higher specificity and a positive predictive value.

Conclusion
Herein, a score of < 85 on the subjective masticatory function test was determined to be the optimal quantitative reference. The subjective masticatory function test may be used as an alternative for assessing oral hypofunction.
Interprofessional continuing professional development programs can foster lifelong learning in healthcare professionals: experiences from the Project ECHO model
Authors: Sockalingam Sanjeev , Rajaratnam Thiyake , Gambin Amanda , Soklaridis Sophie , Serhal Eva , Crawford Allison 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The success of continuing professional development (CPD) programs that foster skills in lifelong learning (LLL) has been well established. However, healthcare professionals often report barriers such as access to CPD and cost which limit uptake. Further research is required to assess how accessible CPD programs, such as those delivered virtually, impact orientation to LLL. Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO®) is a CPD model that has a growing body of evidence demonstrating improvements in knowledge and skills. Central to this model is the use of a virtual platform, varied teaching approaches, the promotion of multi-directional learning and provider support through a community of practice. This study aimed to explore whether participation in a provincial mental health ECHO program had an effect on interprofessional healthcare providers’ orientation to LLL.

Methods
Using a pre-post design, orientation to LLL was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Lifelong Learning. Eligible participants were healthcare professionals enrolled in a cycle of ECHO Ontario Mental Health from 2017 to 2020. Participants were classified as ‘high’ or ‘low’ users using median session attendance as a cut-point.

Results
The results demonstrate an increase in orientation to LLL following program participation (Pre: 44.64 ± 5.57 vs. Post: 45.94 ± 5.70, t (66) = − 3.023, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.37), with high ECHO users demonstrating greater orientation to LLL post-ECHO.

Conclusion
Findings are discussed in the context of self-determination theory and suggest there may be components of CPD programs that more readily support increased motivation for LLL for interprofessional healthcare professionals.
A comprehensive eHealth implementation guide constructed on a qualitative case study on barriers and facilitators of the digital care platform CMyLife
Authors: Verweij Lynn , Smit Yolba , Blijlevens Nicole MA , Hermens Rosella PMG 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Substantial proliferation of eHealth has enabled a move in patient-centred cancer care from the traditional in-person care model to real-time, dynamic, and technology supported on-demand care. However, in general, the uptake of these innovations is low. Studies show that eHealth is helpful in providing patient empowerment through e.g. providing high quality and timely information, enabling self-monitoring and shared decision making, but dropout rates are high and guidance for optimal implementation is lacking.

Aim
To explore barriers to and facilitators for nationwide implementation and consolidation of CMyLife, a multi-component, patient-centred, digital care platform, and to construct a comprehensive implementation guide for launching digital care platforms in daily clinical practice.

Methods
The first qualitative case study of a digital care platform like CMyLife was performed including five focus group- and eighteen in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide, based on the frameworks of Grol and Flottorp. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed and barriers and facilitators were identified and categorized according to the frameworks. An iterative process including participation of main stakeholders and using the CFIR-ERIC framework led to creating a comprehensive implementation guide for digital care platforms.

Results
In total, 45 barriers and 41 facilitators were identified. Main barriers were lack of connectivity between information technology systems, changing role for both health care providers and patients, insufficient time and resources, doubts about privacy and security of data, and insufficient digital skills of users. Main facilitators mentioned were motivating patients and health care providers by clarifying the added value of use of a digital care platform, clear business case with vision, demonstrating (cost) effectiveness, using an implementation guide, and educating patients and health care providers about how to use CMyLife. Based on these barriers and facilitators a clear and comprehensive implementation guide was developed for digital care platforms.

Conclusion
Several barriers to and facilitators for implementation were identified, a clear overview was presented, and a unique comprehensive implementation guide was developed for launching future digital care platforms in daily clinical practice. The next step is to validate the implementation guide in other (oncological) diseases.
Novel 12 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 8p11.22-p21.2: a case report
Authors: Dai Jincheng , Zeng Jun , Tan Hongxi , Cai Xiangsheng , Wu Benqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The deletion of a short arm fragment on chromosome 8 is a rare cause of Kallmann syndrome and spherocytosis due to deletion of the FGFR1 and ANK1 genes.

Case presentation
This case study describes a 4-month-old child with growth and psychomotor retardation, auricle deformity, microcephaly, polydactyly, a heart abnormality, and feeding difficulties. An approximately 12.00 MB deletion was detected in the 8p11.22-p21.2 region of chromosome 8. After sequencing, we found that 65 protein genes had been deleted, including FGFR1, which resulted in Kallmann syndrome. There was no deletion of the ANK1 gene associated with spherocytosis, consistent with the phenotype.

Conclusion
This patient is a new case of short arm deletion of chromosome 8, resulting in novel and previously unreported clinical features.
The role of Toll-like receptors and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Heidari Arash , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Rezaei Nima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting patients’ life. Pathologically, PD is associated with the extensive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the substantia nigra. This neuronal loss is accompanied by the aggregation of misfolded protein, named α-synuclein.Main textRecent studies detected several clues of neuroinflammation in PD samples using postmortem human PD brains and various PD animal models. Some evidence of neuroinflammation in PD patients included higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), presence of activated microglia in various brain regions such as substantia nigra, infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells in affected brain regions, and altered function of cellular immunity like monocytes phagocytosis defects. On the other side, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors primarily located on microglia, as well as other immune and non-immune cells, expressing pivotal roles in recognizing exogenous and endogenous stimuli and triggering inflammatory responses. Most studies indicated an increased expression of TLRs in the brain and peripheral blood cells of PD samples. Besides, this upregulation was associated with excessive neuroinflammation followed by neurodegeneration in affected regions. Therefore, evidence proposed that TLR-mediated neuroinflammation might lead to a dopaminergic neural loss in PD patients. In this regard, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 have the most prominent roles.ConclusionAlthough the presence of inflammation in acute phases of PD might have protective effects concerning the clearance of α-synuclein and delaying the disease advancement, the chronic activation of TLRs and neuroinflammation might lead to neurodegeneration, resulting in the disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to review additional evidence of the contribution of TLRs and neuroinflammation to PD pathogenesis, with the hope that TLRs could serve as novel disease-modifying therapeutic targets in PD patients in the future.
X-ray driven peanut trait estimation: computer vision aided agri-system transformation
Authors: Domhoefer Martha , Chakraborty Debarati , Hufnagel Eva , Claußen Joelle , Wörlein Norbert , Voorhaar Marijn , Anbazhagan Krithika , Choudhary Sunita , Pasupuleti Janila , Baddam Rekha , Kholova Jana , Gerth Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In India, raw peanuts are obtained by aggregators from smallholder farms in the form of whole pods and the price is based on a manual estimation of basic peanut pod and kernel characteristics. These methods of raw produce evaluation are slow and can result in procurement irregularities. The procurement delays combined with the lack of storage facilities lead to fungal contaminations and pose a serious threat to food safety in many regions. To address this gap, we investigated whether X-ray technology could be used for the rapid assessment of the key peanut qualities that are important for price estimation.

Results
We generated 1752 individual peanut pod 2D X-ray projections using a computed tomography (CT) system (CTportable160.90). Out of these projections we predicted the kernel weight and shell weight, which are important indicators of the produce price. Two methods for the feature prediction were tested: (i) X-ray image transformation (XRT) and (ii) a trained convolutional neural network (CNN). The prediction power of these methods was tested against the gravimetric measurements of kernel weight and shell weight in diverse peanut pod varieties1. Both methods predicted the kernel mass with R2 > 0.93 (XRT: R2 = 0.93 and mean error estimate (MAE) = 0.17, CNN: R2 = 0.95 and MAE = 0.14). While the shell weight was predicted more accurately by CNN (R2 = 0.91, MAE = 0.09) compared to XRT (R2 = 0.78; MAE = 0.08).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that the X-ray based system is a relevant technology option for the estimation of key peanut produce indicators (Figure 1). The obtained results justify further research to adapt the existing X-ray system for the rapid, accurate and objective peanut procurement process. Fast and accurate estimates of produce value are a necessary pre-requisite to avoid post-harvest losses due to fungal contamination and, at the same time, allow the fair payment to farmers. Additionally, the same technology could also assist crop improvement programs in selecting and developing peanut cultivars with enhanced economic value in a high-throughput manner by skipping the shelling of the pods completely.
This study demonstrated the technical feasibility of the approach and is a first step to realize a technology-driven peanut production system transformation of the future.
Beyond the pill: contraception and the prevention of hereditary ovarian cancer
Authors: Xia Yue Yin , Kotsopoulos Joanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers face an elevated lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives have been shown to significantly decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by approximately 50% in this high-risk population. Changes in contraceptive formulations and patterns of use over time have introduced lower hormonal dosages, different steroid types and non-oral routes of administration. Specifically, there has been a considerable shift in patterns of contraceptive use and the increase in the uptake of non-oral, long-acting, reversible contraception (e.g., intrauterine devices, implants, injections) has corresponded to a decline in oral contraceptive pill use. Whether or not these other methods confer a protective effect against ovarian cancer in the general population is not clear. To our knowledge, there have been no such studies conducted among BRCA mutation carriers. Furthermore, the impact of these changes on the risk of developing ovarian cancer is not known. In this article, we will review the existing epidemiologic evidence regarding the role of contraceptives and the risk of ovarian cancer with a focus on women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. We will discuss recent findings and gaps in the knowledge while extrapolating from studies conducted among women from the noncarrier population.
The efficacy and safety of acupuncture and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Qingsheng , Dai Runjing , Zhang Hailiang , Jiang Xiaomei , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Xiangrong , Bao Shisan , Ren Dong , Fan Jingchun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Tobacco hazard is one of the most serious public health problems, accounting for up to 6 million deaths worldwide p.a. We aim to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and/or nicotine replacement therapy on smoking cessation.

Methods
We will recruit 96 participants who are willing to quit smoking by acupuncture and/or nicotine replacement therapy in Chengguan, Xigu and Heping Districts, Lanzhou city, for multicenter randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial. Following obtained the informed consent forms, all eligible participants will be randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) acupuncture combined with nicotine patch, (2) acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch, (3) sham acupuncture combined with nicotine patch, and (4) sham acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch. These participants will be treated with different intervention modalities for 8 weeks and then will be followed-up for 8 weeks. The SPSS 26.0 software will be applied to analyze the clinical effects and adverse reactions of different intervention measures for smoking cessation.

Discussion
This trial is a prospective, pragmatic, randomized, multicenter trial study protocol. The outcomes will illustrate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and/or nicotine patches for smoking cessation. Provide smokers with a superior smoking cessation program.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042912. Registered on January 31, 2021.
Seropositivity of main vector-borne pathogens in dogs across Europe
Authors: Miró Guadalupe , Wright Ian , Michael Helen , Burton Wade , Hegarty Evan , Rodón Jaume , Buch Jesse , Pantchev Nikola , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Canine vector-borne disease (CVBD) has been an area of increasing interest in Europe over the last few decades, and there have been changes in the prevalence and distribution of many of these diseases. Monitoring CVBD infections in Europe is often done by individual countries, but aggregated data for the European countries are helpful to understand the distribution of CVBDs.

Methods
We used an extensive retrospective database of results from point-of-care rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests on dogs across Europe to identify distribution and seropositivity in animals tested for selected CVBDs (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Leishmania spp., and Dirofilaria immitis) from 2016 through 2020. Geographic distribution of positive tests and relative percent positive values were mapped by the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics classification for regions with sufficient test results for reporting.

Results
A total of 404,617 samples corresponding to 1,134,648 canine results were available from dogs tested in 35 countries over the 5-year study period. Over this period the number of test results per year increased whereas test positivity decreased. Leishmania spp. had the largest increase in total test results from 25,000 results in 2016 to over 60,000 results in 2020. Test positivity for Leishmania spp. fell from 13.9% in 2016 to 9.4% in 2020. Test positivity fell for Anaplasma spp. (7.3 to 5.3%), Ehrlichia spp. (4.3 to 3.4%), and Borrelia burgdorferi (3.3 to 2.4%). Dirofilaria immitis test positivity trended down with a high of 2.7% in 2016 and low of 1.8% in 2018. Leishmania spp. test positivity was highest in endemic areas and in several non-endemic countries with low numbers of test results. Co-positivity rates were significantly higher than expected for all pathogen test positive pairs except for Ehrlichia spp. with Borrelia burgdorferi and D. immitis with Borrelia burgdorferi.

Conclusions
This study represents the largest data set on CVBD seropositivity in Europe to date. The increase in the number of test results and decreasing test positivity over the study period may reflect changes in testing behavior and increased screening of healthy animals. The Europe-wide mapping of CVBD provides expected test positivity that can help inform veterinarians’ decisions on screening and improve prevention and identification of these important, sometimes zoonotic, diseases.

Graphical Abstract