bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of dihydrosphingolipids and neutral lipids is related to steatosis and fibrosis damage in human and animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Babiy Bohdan , Ramos-Molina Bruno , Ocaña Luis , Sacristán Silvia , Burgos-Santamaría Diego , Martínez-Botas Javier , Villa-Turégano Gemma , Busto Rebeca , Perna Cristian , Frutos M. Dolores , Albillos Agustín , Pastor Óscar 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDihydrosphingolipids are lipid molecules biosynthetically related to ceramides. An increase in ceramides is associated with enhanced fat storage in the liver and inhibition of their synthesis is reported to prevent the appearance of steatosis in animal models. However, the precise association of dihydrosphingolipids with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet to be established. We employed a diet-induced NAFLD mouse model to study the association between this class of compounds and disease progression.MethodsMice were fed a high-fat diet enriched in cholesterol and supplemented with glucose and fructose up to 40 weeks. A mouse subgroup was treated with carbon tetrachloride to accelerate fibrosis development. Animals were sacrificed at different time-points to reproduce the full spectrum of histological damage found in human disease, including steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) with and without significant fibrosis. Blood and liver tissue samples were obtained from patients (n=195) whose NAFLD severity was assessed histologically. Lipidomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsTriglyceride, cholesterol ester and dihydrosphingolipid levels were increased in the liver of model mice in association with the degree of steatosis. Dihydroceramide concentrations increased with the histological severity of the disease in liver samples of mice (0.024 ± 0.003 vs 0.049 ± 0.005, non-NAFLD vs NASH-fibrosis, p<0.0001) and patients (0.105 ± 0.011 vs 0.165 ± 0.021, p=0.0221). Several dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingomyelin species were increased in plasma of NAFLD patients and correlated with accumulation of liver triglycerides.ConclusionsDihydrosphingolipids accumulate in the liver in response to increased free fatty acid overload and are correlated with progressive histological damage in NAFLD. The increase in dihydrosphingolipids is related to upregulation of hepatic expression of enzymes involved inde novosynthesis of ceramides.HIGHLIGHTSNeutral lipids and dihydrosphingolipids accumulate in liver in correlation with the histological severity of NAFLD in both mice and humans.The ceramide pathway is stimulated to alleviate the free fatty acid excess in liver of NAFLD models.Appearance of significant fibrosis is associated with reduced concentrations of neutral lipids but not dihydrosphingolipids in a mouse model of NAFLD.
SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in response to infection and vaccination: A time series local study in Brazil
Authors: Huergo Luciano F. , Paula Nigela M. , Gonçalves Ana C.A. , Kluge Carlos H.S. , Marins Paulo H.S.A. , Camargo Haxley S.C. , Sant’Ana Thamyres P. , Farias Lucas R.P. , Aldrighi Juliane D. , Lima Ênio S. , Jacotenski Guiomar T. , Vargas Letícia R. , Costa Gisele , Weissheimer Karin V. , Nazário Maria G. , Teixeira Kádima N. , Conzentino Marcelo S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe investigation of antibodies raised against different SARS-CoV-2 antigens can help to determine the extent of previous SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population and track the humoral response to vaccination. Therefore, serological surveys can provide key information to better manage the pandemic and/or to implement the most effective vaccination program. Here we describe a time series anti-Nucleocapsid, anti-Spike IgG serological survey analysis in the city of Matinhos, PR, Brazil during the year of 2021. Seroconversion rates to the Nucleocapsid antigen was not influenced by gender or age. Comparison of the serological data with official COVID-19 cases in the city suggest that case sub notification is higher than 47%. Furthermore, by applying serological data, the corrected infection fatality rate was estimated to be lower than 2.4 % in contrast with the official estimative of 3.6 %. The rates of IgG reactive to Spike antigen resembled the curve of the fraction the population that had taken the second vaccine dose. Up to 82% of Spike seroconversion was detected in the end of 2021 confirming the effective of the COVID-19 vaccination program in the city. This SARS-CoV-2 serological study unraveled the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the response to vaccination in the city of Matinhos. It is likely that the numbers reported here may be similar in other cities in Brazil.
The Gastric Cancer Registry: A Genomic Translational Resource for Multidisciplinary Research in Stomach Malignancies
Authors: Almeda Alison F , Grimes Sue , Lee HoJoon , Greer Stephanie U , Shin GiWon , McNamara Madeline , Hooker Anna C , Arce Maya , Kubit Matthew , Schauer Marie , Van Hummelen Paul , Ma Cindy , Mills Meredith , Huang Robert J , Hwang Joo Ha , Amieva Manuel R , Han Summer , Ford James M. , Ji Hanlee P. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of global cancer morbidity and mortality. Developing information systems which integrate clinical and genomic data may accelerate discoveries to improve cancer prevention, detection, and treatment. To support translational research in GC, we developed the GC Registry (GCR), a North American repository of clinical and cancer genomics data.MethodsGCR is a national registry with online self-enrollment. Entry criteria into the GCR included the following: (1) diagnosis of GC, (2) history of GC in a first-or second-degree family member or (3) known pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutation in the gene CDH1. Participants provided demographic and clinical information through a detailed (412-item) online survey. A subset of participants provided specimens of saliva and tumor samples. These tumor samples underwent exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing.ResultsFrom 2011-2021, 567 individuals registered for the GCR and returned the clinical questionnaire. For this cohort 65% had a personal history of GC, 36% reported a family history of GC and 14% had a germline CDH1 mutation. Eighty-nine GC patients provided tumor tissue samples. For the initial pilot study, 41 tumors were sequenced using next generation sequencing. The data was analyzed for cancer mutations, copy number variations, gene expression, microbiome presence, neoantigens, immune infiltrates, and other features. We developed a searchable, web-based interface (the GCR Genome Explorer) to enable researchers access to these datasets.ConclusionsThe GCR is a unique, North American GC registry which integrates both clinical and genomic annotation.ImpactAvailable for researchers through an open access, web-based explorer, we hope the GCR Genome Explorer accelerates collaborative GC research across the United States.
Novel Application of a Multistate Model to Evaluate the Opioid Use Disorder Care Cascade: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Murillo Anarina L. , Sun Tianyu , Aroke Hilary , Bratberg Jeffrey , Kogut Stephen , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Yedinak Jesse L. , Rich Josiah D. , Lebeau Rebecca , Hogan Joseph W. , Buchanan Ashley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating the opioid use disorder (OUD) care cascade can improve OUD treatment retention and care.ObjectivesTo identify risk and protective factors for retention among patients in OUD treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients diagnosed with OUD using data from the Rhode Island (RI) All-Payer Claims Database from 2011 to 2019. Patients who initiated treatment (Stage 2) were classified into sub-stages of retention (Stage 3) corresponding to multistate modeling states capturing early retention (sub-stage 1), short and long-term retention (sub-stage 2), and short and long-term disengagement (sub-stage 3). The association of baseline characteristics with state transitions were evaluated.ResultsA cohort of 6,939 RI residents diagnosed with OUD included 41% aged 40 to 60 years, 57.6% male, and 70.8% Medicaid beneficiaries. In sub-stage 1, cannabis (Relative risk ratios (RRR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04,1.29) and cocaine use disorders (RRR=1.15; 95% CI=1.05,1.25) increased early disengagement risk after engagement. Medicaid beneficiaries were less likely to experience early disengagement (RRR=0.81; 95% CI =0.76,0.87). In sub-stage 2, alcohol (RRR=1.29; 95% CI=1.13,1.47) or cocaine use disorders (RRR=1.18; 95% CI=1.01,1.40) increased risk of disengagement among patients in the retention states. In sub-stage 3, tobacco (RRR=1.10; 95% CI=1.01,1.21) and alcohol (RRR=1.14; 95% CI=1.03,1.27) use disorders were associated with re-engagement from disengaged states.ConclusionThe multistate model applied to a cohort of patients initiating medication for OUD led to the identification of factors associated with treatment engagement and retention. These results may guide strategies to sustain treatment among OUD patients.
Digital gait biomarkers, but not clinical ataxia scores, allow to capture 1-year longitudinal change in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)
Authors: Ilg Winfried , Müller Björn , Faber Jennifer , van Gaalen Judith , Hengel Holger , Vogt Ina R. , Hennes Guido , van de Warrenburg Bart , Klockgether Thomas , Schöls Luger , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeasures of step variability and body sway during gait have shown to correlate with clinical ataxia severity in several cross-sectional studies. However, to serve as a valid progression biomarker, these gait measures have to prove their sensitivity to robustly capture longitudinal change, ideally within short time-frames (e.g. one year). We present the first multi-center longitudinal gait analysis study in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). We performed a combined cross-sectional (n=28) and longitudinal (1-year interval, n=17) analysis in SCA3 subjects (including 7 pre-ataxic mutation carriers). Longitudinal analysis revealed significant change in gait measures between baseline and 1-year follow-up, with high effect sizes (stride length variability: p=0.01, effect size rprb=0.66; lateral sway: p=0.007, rprb=0.73). Sample size estimation for lateral sway reveals a required cohort size of n=43 for detecting a 50% reduction of natural progression, compared to n=240 for the clinical ataxia score SARA. These measures thus present promising motor biomarkers for upcoming interventional studies.
Polymorphism in IFNAR contributes to glucocorticoid response and outcome in ARDS and COVID-19
Authors: Jalkanen Juho , Khan Sofia , Elima Kati , Huttunen Teppo , Wang Ning , Hollmén Maija , Elo Laura L. , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of glucocorticoids has given contradictory results for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here we report a novel disease association of a SNP rs9984273, which is situated in the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR2) gene in an area corresponding to a binding motif of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The minor allele of SNP rs9984273 associates with higher IFNAR expression, lower IFN-gamma and IL-6 levels and less severe form of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) according to the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative database, and better outcome in interferon (IFN) beta treated patients with ARDS. Thus, the distribution of this SNP within clinical study arms may explain the contradictory results of multiple ARDS studies and outcomes in COVID-19 concerning type I IFN signalling and glucocorticoids.One-Sentence SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphism in interferon receptor contributes to corticosteroid response and outcome in ARDS and COVID-19
Effect of working from home on the association between job demands and psychological distress
Authors: Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Hino Ayako , Tsuji Mayumi , Tateishi Seiichiro , Ikegami Kazuhiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   the CORoNaWork project
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeLimited information is available about the association between workplace psychosocial factors and general mental health status among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined how working from home affected the association between job demands and psychological distress (PD).MethodA cross-sectional online survey was conducted in December 2020 (N=27,036). The dependent variable (PD) was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Job demands were assessed using the Job Content Questionnaire. Working from home was determined by participants’ responses to the question: “Do you currently work from home?” We used a two-level regression analysis adjusted for prefecture; each individual-level variable at level 1 was nested into each prefecture at level 2, stratified by working from home or not.ResultsOverall, 21.3% of participants worked from home. The interaction between working from home and job demands was significant. Job demands were positively associated with PD. The stratified analysis showed the associations were weaker among employees who worked from home compared with those who did not.ConclusionThe association between job demands and PD may be weakened by working from home.
Positive association between country-level screening rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea and self-reported diagnoses in MSM: an ecological analysis
Authors: Thibaut Vanbaelen , Eric Florence , Chris Kenyon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe assessed if there was a country-level association between intensity of screening MSM for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and self-reported incidence of these infections in 2010 and 2017. Unexpectedly, we found that screening intensity was associated with a higher incidence of these infections.Short summaryWe found a positive association between intensity of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhoea and the self-reported incidence of these infections in MSM in European countries.
Smoking, e-cigarettes and the effect on respiratory symptoms among a population sample of youth: retrospective study
Authors: Chaiton M , Pienkowski M , Musani I , Bondy SJ , Cohen JE , Dubray J , Eissenberg TE , Kaufman P , Stanbrook MB , Schwartz R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionE-cigarettes have been steadily increasing in popularity, both as cessation methods for smoking and for recreational and social reasons. This increase in vaping may pose cardiovascular and respiratory risks. We aimed to assess respiratory symptoms in youth users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was utilized to assess Canadian youth aged 16-25 years old. Participants were recruited from the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit Youth and Young Adult Research Registration Panel November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 3,082 subjects completed the baseline survey. Of these, 2660 individuals who did not have asthma were included in the analysis. The exposure of interest was vaping dose, pack equivalent years, equivalent to cigarette pack years incorporating number of puffs per day, number of days vaped per month, and number of years vaped. Respiratory symptoms were measured using the five-item Canadian Lung Health Test. Poisson regression analyses were performed while adjusting for demographic confounders, stratified by smoking status. A non-stratified model tested the interaction of status and vaping dose and the effect of vaping device used was assessed among ever vapers. Analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, use of cannabis and alcohol, and survey date.ResultsEach additional puff year increased the rate ratio of respiratory symptoms by a factor of 11.36 (95%CI: 4.61-28.00; p<0.001) for never smokers, but among current daily smokers higher pack equivalent years were not associated with more respiratory symptoms (0.83; 95% CI: 0.23., 3.11). Among current vapers, those using pod-style devices were more likely to have more respiratory symptoms (1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45) after adjusting for dose.ConclusionsVaping is associated with an increased risk of reporting respiratory symptoms among never smoking youth and non-daily ever cigarette smokers. Use of e-cigarettes among non-smokers should be discouraged.FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research
Comparing survival in urinary tract cancer patients with various second primary malignancies: A population-based study
Authors: Gao Xiang , Cao Hui , Zhou Liang , Li Xiaopan , Zou Yongbin , Yu Dehua , Geng Jinsong , Jia Haiyi , Lv Yipeng , Yu Wenya , Chen Yichen , Wang Zhaoxin , Shi Jianwei , Jin Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to identify the patterns and combinations of second primary malignancies (SPMs) observed in patients with malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract (MNUT) and to explore the independent risk factors for survival outcomes in these patients.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the data of MNUT patients with SPM in 25 hospitals in Shanghai between 2002 and 2015. A life table was used to calculate the survival rates, Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the survival status of MNUT patients, and Cox regression analysis was used to perform multivariate analysis of survival risk factors in MNUT patients with SPM.ResultsAmong the 154 patients included, the first primary malignancy (PM) most commonly occurred in the bladder (50.65%) and kidney (41.56%), and the SPM most commonly occurred in the lung (22.73%) and stomach (13.64%). The most common combinations included the bladder + lung and bladder + stomach. The Cox regression results showed that age older than 60 years (HR = 2.36 [95% CI 1.30–4.28] vs. age ≤60 years, p = 0.005), TNM 1 stage III+IV disease (HR = 2.19 [95% CI 1.37-4.57] vs. I+ II), p = 0.037), TNM 2 stage III+IV disease (HR = 7.43 [95% CI 1.49-19.68] vs. I + II), p <0.001), and SPM in the lung (HR = 4.36 [95% CI 1.74-18.69], p = 0.047) were associated with a significantly worse cancer-specific survival.ConclusionThe survival of MNUT patients with SPM may be related to the SPM site, first and second PM staging and latency time.
Milder disease trajectory among COVID-19 patients hospitalised with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared with the Delta variant in Norway
Authors: Stålcrantz Jeanette , Bråthen Kristoffersen Anja , Bøås Håkon , Veneti Lamprini , Seppälä Elina , Aasand Nina , Hungnes Olav , Kvåle Reidar , Bragstad Karoline , Buanes Eirik Alnes , Whittaker Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing individual-level national registry data, we conducted a cohort study to estimate differences in the length of hospital stay, and risk of admission to an intensive care unit and in-hospital death among patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, compared to patients infected with Delta variant in Norway. We included 409 (38%) patients infected with Omicron and 666 (62%) infected with Delta who were hospitalised with COVID-19 as the main cause of hospitalisation between 6 December 2021 and 6 February 2022. Omicron patients had a 48% lower risk of intensive care admission (aHR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.34–0.80) and a 56% lower risk of in-hospital death (aHR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24–0.79) compared to Delta patients. Omicron patients had a shorter length of stay (with or without ICU stay) compared to Delta patients in the age groups from 18–79 years and those who had at least completed their primary vaccination. This supports growing evidence of reduced disease severity among hospitalised Omicron patients compared with Delta patients.
Blood group O and post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Díaz-Salazar Sara , Navas Raquel , Sainz-Maza Laura , Fierro Patricia , Maamar Meryam , Artime Arancha , Basterrechea Héctor , Petitta Benedetta , Lamadrid Carlota , Pedraja Lucía , Gándara-Samperio Claudia , Pini Stefanie , Olmos José Manuel , Ramos Carmen , Pariente Emilio , Hernández José Luis 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe ABO blood group system modulates the inflammatory response and has been involved in COVID-19. O-group protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there are no data regarding post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Our aim was to assess this possible association.Subjects and methodsCase-control study in a community setting, with subjects who had experienced mild COVID-19. Cases were PCS+, controls were PCS-, and the exposure variable, O-group. Epidemiological data (age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities), laboratory parameters (inflammatory markers, IgG antibodies, blood type) and clinical data were collected. Composite inflammatory indices were developed. Multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsWe analyzed 121 subjects (56.2% women), mean age 45.7 ± 16 years. Blood group frequencies were 43.3%, 7.7%, 5.7%, and 43.3% for A, B, AB and O, respectively. Thirty-six patients were PCS+. There were no significant differences between cases and controls. Compared to non-O, a higher prevalence of PCS (p=0.036), number of symptoms (p=0.017) and myalgia (p=0.030) were noted in O-group. Concerning inflammatory markers, PCS+ and PCS-showed no differences in A, B, and AB groups. In contrast, O-group PCS+ patients had significantly higher lymphocyte count, higher levels of fibrinogen and CRP, and higher percentages of 3 composite indices, than PCS-subjects. The O-group showed a 4-fold increased risk of PCS compared to non-O (adjusted OR=4.20 [95%CI, 1.2-14]; p=0.023).ConclusionAn increased risk of PCS has shown to be associated with O-group, after controlling for confounders. In O-group subjects with PCS, slightly albeit significant, raised levels of fibrinogen, CRP, and lymphocyte count, have been demonstrated.
Arterial Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Tension and Acute Brain Injury in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Patients: Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Shou Benjamin L , Ong Chin Siang , Premraj Lavienraj , Brown Patricia , Tonna Joseph E. , Dalton Heidi J , Kim Bo Soo , Keller Steven P , Whitman Glenn JR , Cho Sung-Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveAcute brain injury remains common after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Using a large international multicenter cohort, we investigated the impact of peri-cannulation arterial oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) on ABI occurrence.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry from 2009 to 2020.PatientsAdult patients (≥18 years old) who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsOf 3,125 patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (median age=58, 69% male), 488 (16%) experienced at least one form of acute brain injury, which included ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and brain death. 217 (7%) experienced ischemic stroke and 88 (3%) experienced intracranial hemorrhage. The registry collects two blood gas data pre- (6 hours before) and on- (24 hours after) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation. Blood gas parameters were classified as: hypoxia (<60mmHg), normoxia (60-119mmHg), and mild (120-199mmHg), moderate (200-299mmHg), and severe hyperoxia (≥300mmHg); hypocarbia (<35mmHg), normocarbia (35-44mmHg), mild (45-54mmHg) and severe hypercarbia (≥55mmHg). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, pre-ECMO hypoxia (aOR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.03-2.08, p=0.04) and on-ECMO severe hyperoxia (aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.02-2.36, p=0.04) were associated with composite ABI. Also, on-ECMO severe hyperoxia was associated with intracranial hemorrhage (aOR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.47, p=0.04) and in-hospital mortality (aOR=3.51, 95%CI: 1.98-6.22, p<0.001). Pre- and on-ECMO PaCO2levels were not significantly associated with composite ABI or mortality, though mild hypercarbia pre- and on-ECMO were protective of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, respectively.ConclusionsEarly severe hyperoxia (≥300mmHg) on ECMO was a significant risk factor for acute brain injury and mortality for patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Careful consideration should be given in early oxygen delivery in ECPR patients who are at risk of reperfusion injury.