bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of isothermal and nonisothermal combustion methods when evaluating semicoke for pulverized coal injection of blast furnace
Authors: He Jiangyong , Zou Chong , Zhao Junxue , Yu Nan , Wang Yi , Shi Ruimeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing semicoke instead of anthracite for pulverized coal injection (PCI) in a blast furnace can greatly reduce the cost of iron making, but the combustion performance of semicoke first needs to be accurately predicted. In this study, the combustion performances of different fuels were compared and analyzed in a drop tube furnace (DTF) and under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The results showed that semicoke had a better combustion performance than coal in the DTF. Isothermal combustion provided a more consistent performance evaluation of the fuels because the effect of volatiles was eliminated. Nonisothermal combustion significantly differed from the DTF results because of the influence of volatiles; after the fuels received high‐temperature treatment for devolatilization, the combustion performance was consistent with the DTF results. The influencing factors for the fuel combustion performance differed according to the combustion conditions. For the DTF, the burnout rate was correlated with the pore structure and microcrystalline structure, especially the latter. For isothermal combustion, the combustion characteristic parameter and microcrystalline structure d002 and Lc after high‐temperature treatment were strongly correlated. For nonisothermal combustion, the combustion characteristic parameters were strongly correlated with the volatile content. The above results can serve as a reference for evaluating the combustion performance of different fuels in a blast furnace using PCI.
Turing's turtles all the way down: A conserved role of EDAR in the carapacial ridge suggests a deep homology of prepatterns across ectodermal appendages
Authors: Zimm Roland , Oberdick Danielle , Gnetneva Anna , Schneider Pascal , Cebra‐Thomas Judith , Moustakas‐Verho Jacqueline E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe scutes of the turtle shell are epidermal shields that begin their formation during the early stages of shell development. Like other skin appendages, turtle scutes are hypothesized to be patterned by reaction–diffusion systems. We have previously established ex vivo and in silico systems to study these mechanisms experimentally and have further shown that mathematical models can explain the dynamics of the induction of turtle scute primordia and the generation of final scute architecture. Using these foundations, we expand our current knowledge and test the roles of ectodysplasin and activin signaling in the development of turtle scutes. We find that these molecules play important roles in the prepatterning of scute primordia along the carapacial ridge and show that blocking Edar signaling may lead to a complete loss of marginal scute primordia. We show that it is possible to reproduce these observations using simple mathematical modeling, thereby suggesting a stabilizing role for ectodysplasin within the reaction–diffusion mechanisms. Finally, we argue that our findings further entrench turtle scutes within a class of developmental systems composed of hierarchically nested reaction–diffusion mechanisms, which is conserved across ectodermal organs.
Tuning Intermolecular Interactions to Enhance the Cyclability of Non‐Aqueous, Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Luwei , Liu Yue , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Yingzhong , Wang Ru , Dai Gaole , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnhancing the electrochemical stability and reversibility of redox‐active organic molecules is crucial to improve the performance of non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). Compared with the widely adopted strategy of molecular engineering, we show in this study that tuning the intermolecular interaction between the active material with the supporting electrolyte is another feasible way to address the performance of non‐aqueous organic RFBs. Combined with theoretical and experimental investigations, the influence of Lewis acidity of the supporting electrolyte cations and anions on the electrochemical stability and reversibility of bipyridine‐based anode material is revealed. As a demonstration, a redox flow cell based on 4,4′‐bipyridine anolyte and ferrocene catholyte shows greatly enhanced performance by using supporting electrolyte composed of soft Lewis acid and soft Lewis base. This study provides an alternative, yet highly effective way to addressing the cyclability of an organic compound for non‐aqueous RFBs.
Differential newborn DNA methylation among individuals with complex congenital heart defects and childhood lymphoma
Authors: Richard Melissa A. , Yang Wei , Sok Pagna , Li Ming , Carmichael Suzan L. , von Behren Julie , Reynolds Peggy , Fisher Paul G. , Collins R. Thomas , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Luke Barbara , Shaw Gary M. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is emerging evidence that children with complex congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at increased risk for childhood lymphoma, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Thus, we sought to evaluate the role of DNA methylation patterns on “CHD‐lymphoma” associations.MethodsFrom >3 million live births (1988–2004) in California registry linkages, we obtained newborn dried bloodspots from eight children with CHD‐lymphoma through the California BioBank. We performed case–control epigenome‐wide association analyses (EWAS) using two comparison groups with reciprocal discovery and validation to identify differential methylation associated with CHD‐lymphoma.ResultsAfter correction for multiple testing at the discovery and validation stages, individuals with CHD‐lymphoma had differential newborn methylation at six sites relative to two comparison groups. Our top finding was significant in both EWAS and indicates PPFIA1 cg25574765 was hypomethylated among individuals with CHD‐lymphoma (mean beta = 0.04) relative to both unaffected individuals (mean beta = 0.93, p = 1.5 × 10−12) and individuals with complex CHD (mean beta = 0.95, p = 3.8 × 10−8). PPFIA1 encodes a ubiquitously expressed liprin protein in one of the most commonly amplified regions in many cancers (11q13). Further, cg25574765 is a proposed marker of pre‐eclampsia, a maternal CHD risk factor that has not been fully evaluated for lymphoma risk in offspring, and the tumor microenvironment that may drive immune cell malignancies.ConclusionsWe identified associations between molecular changes present in the genome at birth and risk of childhood lymphoma among those with CHD. Our findings also highlight novel perinatal exposures that may underlie methylation changes in CHD predisposing to lymphoma.
Evaluating the efficacy of pictorial preference assessments with children who engage in food selectivity
Authors: Villafaña Veronica N. , Borrero Carrie S. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreference assessments are used in practice with individuals who engage in food refusal and selectivity to identify foods that a child will readily consume before assessment and treatment. Traditional edible preference assessments may be challenging for children who engage in food refusal or selectivity as the child may not consume foods, but rather engage in inappropriate mealtime behavior simply due to the presence of food. Alternative modality preference assessments, such as pictorial, may offer benefits compared to traditional preference assessment formats (e.g., stimulus preference assessment and paired‐stimulus preference assessment). The use of pictures may reduce any evocative effects of the presence of food and result in choice‐making without inappropriate mealtime behavior. Experiment 1 assessed the correspondence between the hierarchies yielded from pictorial preference assessments (with and without access) to a standard edible preference assessment. Experiment 2 evaluated the accuracy of each preference assessment by presenting foods identified as preferred and non‐preferred to determine if the child would accept them. Results suggested that pictorial preference assessments with access corresponded the most with the traditional edible preference assessment. Also, for one individual, the traditional preference assessment did not accurately identify foods that the participant would consume, while the pictorial preference assessment without access yielded a hierarchy.
Treatment of vulvar basal cell carcinoma with Slow‐Mohs micrographic surgery A case report
Authors: Asilian Ali , Moeine Reza , Hafezi Hossein , Shahriarirad Reza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVulvar Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) accounts for only 0.4% of all BCCs. We present a case of BCC that developed on the vulvar area with a pinkish lesion and pruritus for about 2 years and was successfully treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.
Enantiomeric Resolution and Enantiomer Isolation of H2TPPS4 J‐Aggregate from Aqueous Solution Is Enabled by Vortexes
Authors: Gaeta Massimiliano , Randazzo Rosalba , Costa Carlo , Purrello Roberto , D'Urso Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtonated achiral H2TPPS4 spontaneously self‐arranges at acids pH and high ionic strength to build mesoscopic J‐aggregates that are intrinsically chiral. According to the symmetry rule aggregation leads to a racemate that, however, can be unbalanced by chemical (chiral pollutants) or physical stimuli (as vortexing the solution). Vortexing the title racemate, in principle, might either induce chiral separation or chiral enrichment. Indeed, herein it is shown that vortices enable the resolution of this racemic solution exploiting the tendency to deposit, onto the quartz cuvette walls, of the enantiomer favored by the stirring sense. Simultaneously, over time, it was found that the opposite chiral conformation becomes prevalent in solution realizing a significant enantiomeric resolution. Therefore, after removing all stirring‐favored chiral J‐aggregate from the solution, the recovering and isolating of the desired enantiomers from the cuvette walls was successfully obtained without complex procedures. In this sense, it has been demonstrated that the stirring forces are executively able to fulfil the chiral separation in H2TPPS4 J‐aggregates, employed as model of a self‐assembled system in aqueous solution.
Single‐use Technology for the Production of Cellular Agricultural Products: Where are We Today?
Authors: Schirmer Cedric , Eibl Regine , Maschke Rüdiger W. , Mozaffari Fruhar , Junne Stefan , Daumke Ralph , Ottinger Melanie , Göhmann Rüdiger , Ott Christian , Wenk Irina , Kubischik Jens , Eibl Dieter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA group of the DECHEMA working group “Single‐Use Technology in Biopharmaceutical Manufacture” is investigating the potential use of single‐use systems for cellular agricultural applications. The preliminary results are summarized in this article.
pTDP‐43 aggregates accumulate in non‐central nervous system tissues prior to symptom onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case series linking archival surgical biopsies with clinical phenotypic data
Authors: Pattle Samuel B , O'Shaughnessy Judi , Kantelberg Owen , Rifai Olivia M , Pate Judith , Nellany Kristine , Hays Nadine , Arends Mark J , Horrocks Mathew H , Waldron Fergal M , Gregory Jenna M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are traditionally considered strictly neurological disorders. However, clinical presentation is not restricted to neurological systems, and non‐central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are common. Our objective was to understand the systemic distribution of pathology in archived non‐CNS tissues, taken as part of routine clinical practice during life from people with ALS. We examined tissue from 13 people who went on to develop ALS; including sporadic ALS (n = 12) and C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (n = 1). The tissue cohort consisted of 68 formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded samples from 21 surgical cases (some patients having more than one case over their lifetimes), from 8 organ systems, which we examined for evidence of phosphorylated TDP‐43 (pTDP‐43) pathology. We identified pTDP‐43 aggregates in multiple cell types of the GI tract, including macrophages and dendritic cells within the lamina propria; as well as ganglion/neuronal and glial cells of the myenteric plexus. Aggregates were also noted within lymph node parenchyma, blood vessel endothelial cells, and chondrocytes. We note that in all cases with non‐CNS pTDP‐43 pathology, aggregates were present prior to ALS diagnosis and in some instances preceded neurological symptom onset by more than 10 years. These data imply that patients with microscopically unexplained non‐CNS symptoms could have occult protein aggregation that could be detected many years prior to neurological involvement.
Prioritizing Small Sets of Molecules for Synthesis throughin‐silicoTools: A Comparison of Common Ranking Methods
Authors: Breznik Marko , Ge Yunhui , Bluck Joseph P. , Briem Hans , Hahn David F. , Christ Clara D. , Mortier Jérémie , Mobley David L. , Meier Katharina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrioritizing molecules for synthesis is a key role of computational methods within medicinal chemistry. Multiple tools exist for ranking molecules, from the cheap and popular molecular docking methods to more computationally expensive molecular‐dynamics (MD)‐based methods. It is often questioned whether the accuracy of the more rigorous methods justifies the higher computational cost and associated calculation time. Here, we compared the performance on ranking the binding of small molecules for seven scoring functions from five docking programs, one end‐point method (MM/GBSA), and two MD‐based free energy methods (PMX, FEP+). We investigated 16 pharmaceutically relevant targets with a total of 423 known binders. The performance of docking methods for ligand ranking was strongly system dependent. We observed that MD‐based methods predominantly outperformed docking algorithms and MM/GBSA calculations. Based on our results, we recommend the application of MD‐based free energy methods for prioritization of molecules for synthesis in lead optimization, whenever feasible.
Projections from the five divisions of the orbital cortex to the thalamus in the rat
Authors: Vertes Robert P. , Hoover Walter B. , Witter Menno P. , Yanik Mehmet Fatih , Rojas Amanda K. P. , Linley Stephanie B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe orbital cortex (ORB) of the rat consists of five divisions: the medial (MO), ventral (VO), ventrolateral (VLO), lateral (LO), and dorsolateral (DLO) orbital cortices. No previous report has comprehensively examined and compared projections from each division of the ORB to the thalamus. Using the anterograde anatomical tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, we describe the efferent projections from the five divisions of the ORB to the thalamus in the rat. We demonstrated that, with some overlap, each division of the ORB distributed in a distinct (and unique) manner to nuclei of the thalamus. Overall, ORB projected to a relatively restricted number of sites in the thalamus, and strikingly distributed entirely to structures of the medial/midline thalamus, while completely avoiding lateral regions or principal nuclei of the thalamus. The main termination sites in the thalamus were the paratenial nucleus (PT) and nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus, the medial (MDm) and central (MDc) divisions of the mediodorsal nucleus, the intermediodorsal nucleus, the central lateral, paracentral, and central medial nuclei of the rostral intralaminar complex and the submedial nucleus (SM). With some exceptions, medial divisions of the ORB (MO, VO) mainly targeted “limbic‐associated” nuclei such as PT, RE, and MDm, whereas lateral division (VLO, LO, DLO) primarily distributed to “sensorimotor‐associated” nuclei including MDc, SM, and the rostral intralaminar complex. As discussed herein, the medial/midline thalamus may represent an important link (or bridge) between the orbital cortex and the hippocampus and between the ORB and medial prefrontal cortex. In summary, the present results demonstrate that each division of the orbital cortex projects in a distinct manner to nuclei of the thalamus which suggests unique functions for each division of the orbital cortex.
A case of HCC successfully treated with infliximab‐steroid sequential therapy for small bowel perforation due to atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Komeda Yoriaki , Nishida Naoshi , Yoshida Akihiro , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough reports of gastrointestinal perforation after immune‐related adverse events (irAE) enteritis are rare, the anti‐ vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) effect of bevacizumab may be involved in gastrointestinal perforation. We report a rare case of gastrointestinal perforation in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy and infliximab before steroid use.CaseA 72‐year‐old man, who received seven courses of atezolizumab/bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis B, was admitted to our department with idiopathic abdominal pain and diarrhea (grade 2 [G2]). Computed tomography (CT) and colonoscopy confirmed edema in the gastrointestinal tract. Perforation of the jejunum was observed in a CT performed on the third day and an emergency operation was performed. Intraoperative findings showed severe edema of the jejunum and leakage of feces into the abdominal cavity. The patient was diagnosed with irAE enteritis comprehensively with severe wall thickening on CT and colonoscopy, negative stool culture, and pathological findings of CD8‐positive cells. Infliximab was administered before initiating steroids, to prevent reperforation. The enteritis improved by the 22nd day; however, CT performed on the 35th day of illness showed relapse of gastrointestinal wall thickening and G2 diarrhea symptoms; therefore, prednisolone (PSL) 60 mg/day was started on the 36th day of illness. After introducing PSL, enteritis did not reoccur, and the patient was discharged on the 63rd day of illness after admission.ConclusionThere are no reports of gastrointestinal perforation by atezolizumab/bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma, and prior administration of infliximab. We therefore report the clinical course and management.
Edaravone Administered Orally and Via Nasogastric Tube in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Bioavailability Phase 1 Study
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Nishimura Yukiko , Shiide Youichi , Ueda Masaki , Yokota Shoko , Kato Yuichiro , Hirai Manabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntravenous edaravone is used to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This randomized, open‐label, two‐way crossover, single‐dose phase 1 study compared the relative bioavailability of a newly developed edaravone oral suspension when administered orally and via a nasogastric tube (NGT) as a model of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube administration in healthy adult subjects. Thirty‐six subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, with 18 per group. Blood was collected pre‐ and post‐dose for pharmacokinetic assessments; safety was evaluated. Plasma concentration–time profiles of unchanged edaravone were similar between administration routes. Comparative bioavailability analysis revealed that geometric least squares mean ratios (NGT/oral) for maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity of unchanged edaravone were 1.052 and 0.981, respectively. No serious adverse events or adverse drug reactions were reported. These results suggest that oral edaravone suspension can be administered directly to the stomach without dose adjustment via feeding tubes; both oral and NGT administration are well tolerated.
Patient Out‐of‐Pocket Costs Following the Availability of Biosimilar Versions of Infliximab
Authors: Feng Kimberly , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Russo Massimiliano , Rome Benjamin N. 
Published: October 2022

After market exclusivity ends for biologic drugs, biosimilars—follow‐on versions made by other manufacturers—can compete with lower prices. Biosimilars have modestly reduced prescription drug spending for US payers, but it is unclear whether patients have directly experienced any savings. In this study we assessed whether availability of biosimilar infliximab was associated with lower out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs, using claims from a national data set of commercially insured patients from 2014 to 2018. We used two‐part models, adjusting for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, insurance plan type, and calendar month. Compared with the reference biologic, there was no difference in the percentage of biosimilar claims with OOP costs (30.1% vs. 30.8%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–1.15, P = 0.84) or the average nonzero OOP cost (median $378 vs. $538, adjusted mean ratio (aMR) 0.97, 95% CI, 0.80–1.18, P = 0.77). The percentage of claims with OOP costs was lower after biosimilar competition (30.7% vs. 35.0%, aOR 0.96, 95% CI, 0.94–0.99, P = 0.003), but average nonzero costs increased (median $534 vs. $520, aMR 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01–1.07, P = 0.004). Thus, early biosimilar infliximab competition did not improve affordability for patients. Policymakers need to better assure that competition in the biosimilar market translates to lower costs for patients using these medications.
Comparative microleakage outcomes of different techniques used for creating the occlusal anatomy in occlusal direct restorations using the dental operating microscope
Authors: Bud Marius G. , Pop Razvan C. , Pricope Razvan , Mesaros Anca , Voina Andrada , Delean Ada , Lucaciu Ondine , Cîmpean Sanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesMicroleakage in direct dental restorations is a primary causal factor in the restoration's failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the technique for occlusal layering of the composite resin (the use of brush adaptation, the use of magnification, cusp build‐up, stamp technique) has any effect on microleakage of direct restorations in occlusal cavities.Materials and MethodsOne hundred extracted human molars were restored using five restoration techniques (Packable Bulk technique, Occlusal Stamp technique, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique + Brush adaptation, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique + brush adaptation + Dental Operative Microscope magnification). The teeth were subjected to thermal aging for 800 cycles at 5°C and 55°C, infiltrated with basic fuchsin dye for 24 h, and then sectioned buccolingually in the middle of the crown. Infiltration was measured in four areas of the tooth section by five different observers and then given a score from 1 to 3, proportional to infiltration depth.ResultsThe lowest mean scores for infiltration (meaning less infiltration observed) were present in Group A (1.41 ± 0.878) and Group C (1.46 ± 0.679), while Group D showed the highest infiltration scores (1.75 ± 0.853). When comparing the groups for differences, no statistically significant difference in infiltration was found between any technique p < .586.ConclusionThe techniques examined for placing the occlusal layer of composite in direct restorations do not differ significantly in terms of marginal infiltration, although a slight improvement was found when using the bulk technique and the successive cusp build‐up.