bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between land use and stream chemistry in the Mulberry River basin, Arkansas
Authors: Burgess‐Conforti Jason R. , Moore Philip A. , Owens Phillip R. , Miller David M. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Hays Phillip D. , Evans‐White Michelle A. , Anderson Kelsey R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Mulberry River in Arkansas is one of America's National Wild and Scenic Rivers and has been listed as impaired for low pH since 2008. Stream chemistry is directly related to land use and changes in land use can result in degradation of surface waters. Growth of conifers, through afforestation or conversion of native hardwood stands, has been attributed to basin acidification in several regions and may be contributing acid to the Mulberry River basin. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between land use (i.e., coniferous forest, deciduous forest, mixed forest, and pasture) and stream chemistry of 11 tributaries of the Mulberry River over a 2‐year period. Coniferous forest land use was not correlated with stream pH, neither was stream pH predicted by coniferous forest land use. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) was negatively correlated with, and partially predicted by coniferous land use. Total organic carbon was negatively correlated with coniferous land use and positively correlated with deciduous land use. Deciduous land use was positively correlated with SO4 and negatively correlated with total N and NO3. Spearman's rank correlation and principal component analysis identified significant inverse relationships between stream pH and NO3 and between ANC and NO3, which may suggest that HNO3 may be the primary source of acidity within the Mulberry River basin. Although no relationships were observed between coniferous land use and pH, conifer growth may be affecting the stream buffering capacity of the basin which would increase the susceptibility of the river to acidification.
Factors affecting interannual variation in diet and body lipid content of age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon in the lower Missouri River, USA
Authors: González Alin , Long James M. , Gosch Nathan J.C. , Civiello Anthony P. , Gemeinhardt Todd R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability of young fish to find and consume food during early life history is an important factor affecting survival and recruitment. While dietary assessments for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon (shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon) in the Missouri River, USA have received increased attention over the last 15 years, there is currently limited information available to evaluate long‐term trends in prey consumption and body condition. To better understand interannual factors during early‐life history, we examined foraging and body condition of age‐0 (<12.0 cm) Scaphirhynchus in relation to discharge and the availability of hypothesized foraging and food‐producing habitats at a single reach (Lexington) of the Missouri River over a span of five years (2014–2018). Relatively high discharge in 2015 led to concomitant maxima in foraging and lipid levels for age‐0 sturgeon. However, lower water levels in 2014 did not see declines in lipid content as would be expected given the low level of foraging observed that year. Additionally, the availability of hypothesized foraging and food‐producing habitats had little effect on age‐0 sturgeon prey consumption and condition in the Lexington Reach. Our results suggest that other factors in addition to river discharge may affect age‐0 sturgeon foraging and condition and more research focused on understanding the flow‐habitat relationships would be critical.
Lead pulling as a welfare concern in pet dogs: What can veterinary professionals learn from current research?
Authors: Townsend Lesley , Dixon Laura , Buckley Louise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVeterinary professionals (VPs) are often the first source of advice for clients struggling with their dog's behaviour, and pulling on the lead is a commonplace undesirable behaviour VPs will encounter regularly in practice. Excluding bites, being pulled over while walking on a lead is the leading cause of non‐fatal dog‐related injuries in the UK. This narrative review investigates lead pulling as a welfare concern in pet dogs, highlighting aspects of the literature of particular interest to VPs.Lead pulling could negatively affect walk quality, frequency and duration, causing weight gain, while decreased environmental enrichment could trigger other undesirable behaviours. Aversive equipment to prevent lead pulling can cause pain, distress and injury, but even equipment considered humane can have welfare consequences. Punitive training methods could cause dogs stress, fear and anxiety and trigger aggressive behaviour. While these lead pulling outcomes are welfare concerns in themselves, they could also weaken dog–owner attachment, a risk factor in pet dog relinquishment.Given lead pulling could affect the welfare of patients in a VPs care, clinical implications and opportunities for client education are outlined. Educating clients on humane prevention and modification of lead pulling could make walks easier, safer and more enjoyable, with positive outcomes for clients, canine welfare and the practice.
Understanding astrocyte differentiation: Clinical relevance, technical challenges, and new opportunities in the omics era
Authors: Lattke Michael , Guillemot Francois 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAstrocytes are a major type of glial cells that have essential functions in development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Immature astrocytes in the developing CNS support neuronal maturation and possess neural‐stem‐cell‐like properties. Mature astrocytes partially lose these functions but gain new functions essential for adult CNS homeostasis. In pathological conditions, astrocytes become “reactive”, which disrupts their mature homeostatic functions and reactivates some immature astrocyte‐like properties, suggesting a partial reversal of astrocyte maturation. The loss of homeostatic astrocyte functions contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions, and therefore activating maturation‐promoting mechanisms may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore homeostasis. Manipulating the mechanisms underlying astrocyte maturation might also allow to facilitate CNS regeneration by enhancing developmental functions of adult astrocytes. However, such therapeutic strategies are still some distance away because of our limited understanding of astrocyte differentiation and maturation, due to biological and technical challenges, including the high degree of similarity of astrocytes with neural stem cells and the shortcomings of astrocyte markers. Current advances in systems biology have a huge potential to overcome these challenges. Recent transcriptomic analyses have already revealed new astrocyte markers and new regulators of astrocyte differentiation. However, the epigenomic changes that presumably occur during astrocyte differentiation remain an important, largely unexplored area for future research. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9‐based functional screens will further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte differentiation. This may open up new clinical approaches to restore homeostasis in neurological disorders and/or promote CNS regeneration.This article is categorized under:
Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Detection, Gender Violence and Atkinson’s Jackson Brodie Series
Authors: Domínguez-García Beatriz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe success of Kate Atkinson’s crime fiction series (starting with Case Histories, 2004, and continuing with Big Sky, 2019) brought Jackson Brodie to the TV under the title Case Histories, commissioned by the BBC for one season (airing in 2011), and a second season (in 2013, slightly changing in format). Throughout the fiction series, Brodie has been constructed as a vulnerable subject, continuing a tradition of the second half of the twentieth century that broke up with the hard-boiled image of the male detective. The question under scrutiny here is how the fiction character has been modelled to construct its television counterpart for a transnational audience. Taking into consideration issues of vulnerability, accountability and its humane social formulation, this analysis will show how the changes needed for the TV seems to erase whatever social critique appears in the fiction series.
Conclusion: The Government Responsibility
Authors: Ibrahim Jimoh , Loch Christoph , Sengupta Kishore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers “final words”—it briefly summarizes the key findings and the key recommendations, emphasizing that these are merely suggestions for what the Nigerian government (and possibly other African governments) might be able to learn from project failures in the past and what they might be able to do about this. But these are technical recommendations that might well be modified and changed—action will depend on political will, and the responsibility for political will lies with the heads of government.
Structure of the Investigation
Authors: Ibrahim Jimoh , Loch Christoph , Sengupta Kishore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince no systematic data is available in Nigeria (only anecdotes), an original data set was collected of 114 detailed questionnaires from 3 different people involved in each of 38 projects (19 abandoned, and 19 completed). The projects are matched by sector and size to allow comparisons, and three respondents per project reduce biases.While quantitative data allows “objective” statistical analysis, 11 of the projects were in addition described in detail in case study narratives, bringing the events to life and verifying the causality of interpretations. The case study analysis complements and enriches the statistical data analysis. This chapter explains the process of the investigation and why and what method design choices were made.
Insights from the Analysis of the Questionnaires
Authors: Ibrahim Jimoh , Loch Christoph , Sengupta Kishore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the statistical (econometric) identification of the most important success drivers of the projects in the sample. The chapter first compresses the 41 questionnaire variables (which contain duplication for robustness sake) into 5 success factors. Then, regressions identify which success factors drive the probability of project completion and which factors drive budget and schedule overruns (for the completed projects).The economic levers are huge—the regressions identify that moderately improving the success factors can double completion chances and save hundreds of millions of dollars. The role of corruption becomes apparent: not only does it depress completion chances and inflate the budgets, but it also compromises the effectiveness of the other success factors.
Diversity im Arbeitsalltag: Eine Perspektive von Mitarbeitenden in der MINT-Branche
Authors: Genkova Petia , Schreiber Henrik 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Kapitel wird eine Studie zum Umgang mit Diversity in verschiedenen Unternehmen aus Sicht der Mitarbeitenden mit und ohne Diversitätscharakteristika vorgestellt. Durch den demografischen Wandel und Zuwanderung gewinnt das Thema Diversity Management in der MINT-Branche (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik) zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die MINT-Branche ist von dieser Entwicklung besonders betroffen, da sie durch ein hohes Maß an internationaler Flexibilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt gekennzeichnet ist. Gleichzeitig liegen nur wenig wissenschaftliche Befunde über die Einstellungen und Perspektiven von Mitarbeitenden aus diesem wirtschaftlich höchst relevanten Bereich vor. Aus diesem Grund wurden im Projekt „Diversität Nutzen und Annehmen“ die Themenbereiche Diversity Beliefs, interkulturelle Kompetenz, Faultlines und Stereotypenbedrohung in Organisationen in der MINT-Branche explorativ untersucht. Insgesamt nahmen 16 Mitarbeitende, mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund, verschiedener deutscher Unternehmen aller Größen an der qualitativen Befragung teil. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass allgemein eine positive Haltung zu kultureller Diversität (positive Diversity Beliefs) bei den Befragten vorhanden ist. Gerade Mitarbeitende, die im beruflichen Kontext häufig interkulturelle Interaktionen erleben, waren offener gegenüber Diversity eingestellt und konnten einen Mehrwert von Diversity bestätigen. Gleichzeitig geht diese allgemein positive Einstellung in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle mit geringerer systematischer Handlungskompetenz und geringem Perspektivenwechsel einher. Während die Befragten mit Migrationshintergrund Gruppengrenzen(Faultlines) zwischen sich und den Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund wahrnahmen, waren diese den Mitarbeitenden ohne Migrationshintergrund nicht bewusst. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass besonders in diesem hochgradig internationalisierten Bereich und trotz allgemein positiv scheinender Einstellungen Diversity gezielt gefördert werden muss, um Benachteiligung zu verhindern und die Potenziale von Vielfalt nutzbar zu machen.
Implikationen zur Vielfalt für den Übergang in Beschäftigung – MINT-Studierende und MINT-Beschäftigte
Authors: Semke Edwin , Juric-Kacunic Marela 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird anhand qualitativer Interviews komparativ untersucht, welche Vorstellungen von Vielfalt MINT-Studierende und Beschäftigte in der MINT-Branche haben. Die Wirkung und die Berücksichtigung der Vielfalt in den Institutionen Hochschule und Betrieb wird aus Sicht der Studierenden und der Beschäftigten dargestellt und verglichen. Grundsätzlich bewerten die Befragten den Umgang mit Diversität an Hochschulen positiver als in Unternehmen. Obwohl in einzelnen Unternehmen, die an dieser Studie teilgenommen habe, ein sehr positiver Umgang mit Diversität vorherrscht, deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass insgesamt ein erhebliches Verbesserungspotenzial besteht.
Die Rolle von Erziehungsstilen für den Zusammenhang von Auslandsaufenthalten, Selbstwirksamkeit und interkultureller Kompetenz
Authors: Genkova Petia , Fässler Verena , Schreiber Henrik 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der zentralen Bedeutung interkultureller Interaktion in der globalisierten Welt ist die Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kompetenz von Studierenden während Auslandsaufenthalten von hoher Bedeutung für Wissenschaft und Praxis. In diesem Kapitel liefern und testen wir einen theoretischen Rahmen, der die Selbstwirksamkeitstheorie des Lernens mit interkulturellem Lernen verbindet. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Auslandsaufenthalt, Selbstwirksamkeit, interkulturelle Kompetenz und dem erinnerten Erziehungsstil als moderierende Variable von deutschen Studierenden (N = 203) mittels einer Querschnittsstudie untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Selbstwirksamkeit den Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer eines Auslandsaufenthaltes und interkultureller Kompetenz in Abhängigkeit von der Wahrnehmung eines emotional warmen Erziehungsstils der Eltern mediiert. Entgegen unserer Annahmen moderieren die Erziehungsstile Kontrolle und Bestrafung nicht den Zusammenhang von Dauer des Auslandsaufenthalts und Selbstwirksamkeit. Dieses Kapitel soll zum Verständnis des interkulturellen Lernens als Ergebnis der Bewältigung interkultureller Herausforderungen beitragen.
Dark magnetic dipole property in fermionic absorption by nucleus and electrons
Authors: Li Tong , Liao Jiajun , Zhang Rui-Jia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The fermionic dark matter (DM) absorption by nucleus or electron targets provides a distinctive signal to search for sub-GeV DM. We consider a Dirac fermion DM charged under a dark gauge group and with the dark magnetic dipole operator. The DM field mixes with right-handed neutrino and interacts with the ordinary electromagnetic charge current via the kinetic mixing term of gauge fields. As a result, the incoming DM is absorbed and converted into neutrino in final state through the dipole-charge interaction. For the DM absorption by nucleus, the recoil energy spectrum exhibit a peak at $$ {m}_{\upchi}^2/2{m}_N $$

m
χ
2

/
2

m
N

for each isotope in the target. XENON1T can probe the DM mass above 27 MeV and the projected constraint on the inelastic DM-nucleon cross section becomes 10−49 cm2. CRESSTIII with lower energy threshold would be sensitive to the DM mass above 2 MeV. We also check that the contribution from the nuclear magnetic dipole is negligible for 131Xe target. The absorption of DM by bound electron target induces ionization signal and is sensitive to sub-MeV DM mass. The involvement of the ionization form factor spreads out the localized recoil energy. We show the future prospect for the constraint on the magnetic dipole coupling from the electron ionization of 131Xe.
Symptom relief, prognostic factors, and outcome in patients receiving urgent radiation therapy for superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Guhlich Manuel , Maag Teresa Esther , Dröge Leif Hendrik , El Shafie Rami A. , Hille Andrea , Donath Sandra , Schirmer Markus Anton , Knaus Olga , Nauck Friedemann , Overbeck Tobias Raphael , Hinterthaner Marc , Körber Wolfgang , Andreas Stefan , Rittmeyer Achim , Leu Martin , Rieken Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) often results from external vessel compression due to tumor growth. Urgent symptom-guided radiotherapy (RT) remains a major treatment approach in histologically proven, rapidly progressive disease. Despite several publications, recent data concerning symptom relief and oncological outcome as well as potential confounders in treatment response are still scarce.

Methods
We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of patients receiving urgent RT between 2000 and 2021 at the University Medical Center Göttingen. Symptom relief was evaluated by CTCAE score during the RT course. Effects of variables on symptom relief were assessed by logistic regression. The impact of parameters on overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier plot along with the log-rank test and by Cox regression analyses. Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) confounders were tested in multivariable analyses.

Results
A total of 79 patients were included. Symptom relief was achieved in 68.4%. Mean OS was 59 days, 7.6% (n = 6) of patients showed long-term survival (> 2 years). Applied RT dose > 39 Gy, clinical target volume (CTV) size < 387 ml, concomitant chemotherapy, and completion of the prescribed RT course were found to be statistically significant for OS; applied RT dose and completion of the prescribed RT course were found to be statistically significant for symptom relief.

Conclusion
Symptom relief by urgent RT for SVCS was achieved in the majority of patients. RT dose and completion of the RT course were documented as predictors for OS and symptom relief, CTV < 387 ml and concomitant chemotherapy were predictive for OS.
Fluorescence signal of proteins in birch pollen distorted within its native matrix: Identification of the fluorescence suppressor quercetin-3-O-sophoroside
Authors: Seifried Teresa M. , Bieber Paul , Weiss Victor U. , Pittenauer Ernst , Allmaier Günter , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , Grothe Hinrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe properties of biogenic aerosol strongly depend on the particle’s proteinaceous compounds. Proteins from primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can cause allergic reactions in the human respiratory system or act as ice and condensation nuclei in clouds. Consequently, these particles have high impact on human health and climate. The detection of biogenic aerosol is commonly performed with fluorescence-based techniques. However, many PBAPs (i.e., pollen of birch, mugwort, or ragweed) show weak or rather low fluorescence signals in the particular protein region (λex ~ 255–280 nm, λem ~ 280–350 nm). We hypothesize that the fluorescence signal of proteins present in birch pollen is being distorted within its native matrix. In this study, we conducted in vitro quenching experiments and employed UV/Vis spectroscopy, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), liquid chromatography (LC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), and multistage MS (MS2 and MS3) to target major components in birch pollen washing water (BPWW) possibly quenching the fluorescence activity of proteins and thus explaining the lack of corresponding protein fluorescent signals. We identified quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (Q3OS, MW 626 g mol−1) to be the main UV/Vis absorbing component in BPWW. Our results point out that Q3OS suppresses the fluorescence of proteins in our samples predominantly due to inner filter effects. In general, when applying fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze and detect PBAPs in the laboratory or the atmosphere, it is important to critically scrutinize the obtained spectra.
Graphical abstract
Selection of an impedance- or magnetic field-based electro-anatomical mapping platform does not affect outcomes of outflow tract premature ventricular complex manual ablation
Authors: Ábrahám Pál , Ambrus Mercédesz , Herczeg Szilvia , Szegedi Nándor , Nagy Klaudia Vivien , Salló Zoltán , Perge Péter , Osztheimer István , Széplaki Gábor , Tahin Tamás , Merkely Béla , Gellér László 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComparative data are virtually missing about the performance of different electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) system platforms on outflow tract (OT) premature ventricular complex (PVC) ablation outcomes with manual ablation catheters. We aimed to compare the acute success-, complication-, and long-term recurrence rates of impedance-based (IMP) and magnetic field-based (MAG) EAM platforms in manual OT PVC ablation. Single-centre, propensity score matched data of 39–39 patients ablated for OT PVCs in 2015–17 with IMP or MAG platforms were analysed. Acute success rate, peri-procedural complications, post-ablation daily PVC burden, and long-term recurrence rates were compared on intention-to-treat basis. Acute success rate was similar in the IMP and MAG group (77 vs. 82%, p = 0.78). There was a single case of femoral pseudo-aneurysm and no cardiac tamponade occurred. PVC burden fell significantly from baseline 24.0% [15.0–30.0%] to 3.3% [0.25–10.5%] (p < 0.001) post-ablation, with no difference between EAM platforms (IMP: 2.6% [0.5–12.0%] vs. MAG: 4.0% [2.0–6.5%]; p = 0.60). There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival of the intention-to-treat cohort of the IMP and MAG groups (54 vs. 60%, p = 0.82, respectively) during 12 months of follow-up. Ablation with the aid of both impedance- and magnetic field-based EAM platforms can considerably reduce OT PVC burden and give similar acute- and long-term freedom from arrhythmia.