bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anin vitromodel for discovery of osteoclast specific biomarkers towards identification of racehorses at risk for catastrophic fractures
Authors: Malek Gwladys , Richard Hélène , Beauchamp Guy , Laverty Sheila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFocal bone microcracks with osteoclast recruitment and bone lysis, may reduce fracture resistance in racehorses. As current imaging does not detect all horses at risk for fracture, the discovery of novel serum biomarkers of bone resorption or osteoclast activity could potentially address this unmet clinical need. The biology of equine osteoclasts on their natural substrate, equine bone, has never been studiedin vitroand may permit identification of specific biomarkers of their activity.Objectives(1) Establish osteoclast cultures on equine bone, (2) Measure biomarkers (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b [TRACP‐5b] and C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX‐I])in vitroand (3) Study the effects of inflammation.Study designIn vitroexperiments.MethodsHaematopoietic stem cells, from five equine sternal bone marrow aspirates, were differentiated into osteoclasts and cultured either alone or on equine bone slices, with or without a pro‐inflammatory stimulus (IL‐1β or LPS). CTX‐I and TRACP‐5b were immunoassayed in the media. Osteoclast numbers and bone resorption area were assessed.ResultsTRACP‐5b increased over time in osteoclast cultures without bone (p < 0.0001) and correlated with osteoclast number (r = 0.63,p < 0.001). CTX‐I and TRACP‐5b increased with time for cultures with bone (p = 0.002;p = 0.02 respectively), correlated with each other (r = 0.64,p < 0.002) and correlated with bone resorption (r = 0.85,p < 0.001;r = 0.82,p < 0.001 respectively). Inflammation had no measurable effects.Main limitationsSpecimen numbers limited.ConclusionsEquine osteoclasts were successfully cultured on equine bone slices and their bone resorption quantified. TRACP‐5b was shown to be a biomarker of equine osteoclast number and bone resorption for the first time; CTX‐I was also confirmed to be a biomarker of equine bone resorptionin vitro. This robust equine specificin vitroassay will help the study of osteoclast biology.
FAP‐α+ immunofibroblasts in oral lichen planus promote CD4+ T‐cell infiltration via CCL5 secretion
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Liu Kefan , Cheng Juehua , Zhou Chenyu , Zhang Mengna , Fan Yuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell–mediated, chronic inflammatory disease. CD4+ T‐cell infiltration plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OLP. Fibroblasts are activated under pathological conditions and perform various functions. This study was designed to explore the immune activation and biological functions of OLP fibroblasts on CD4+ T cells. We detected the expression of fibroblast activation protein‐alpha (FAP‐α) in the oral tissues of patients with OLP and healthy controls using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, expression of FAP‐α and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in fibroblasts isolated from oral tissues of patients with OLP and healthy controls was assayed by quantitative PCR, Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, we assessed the effects of fibroblasts on CD4+ T‐cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration using flow cytometry and Transwell assays. We found that FAP‐α expression in the oral tissues of patients with OLP was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. FAP‐α and CCL5 expression levels were significantly upregulated in OLP fibroblasts. Moreover, OLP fibroblasts promoted CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and migration and inhibited CD4+ T cell apoptosis. In summary, our findings indicate that OLP fibroblasts are immunologically activated and induce CD4+ T‐cell infiltration in OLP.
Spatial patterns of unburned refugia in Siberian larch forests during the exceptional 2020 fire season
Authors: Talucci Anna C. , Loranty Michael M. , Alexander Heather D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimWildfire is an essential disturbance agent that creates burn mosaics, or a patchwork of burned and unburned areas across the landscape. Unburned patches, fire refugia, serve as carbon sinks and seed sources for forest regeneration in burned areas. In the Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) forests of north‐eastern Siberia, an unprecedented wildfire season in 2020 and little documentation of landscape patch dynamics have resulted in research gaps about the characteristics of fire refugia in northern latitude forests, which are warming faster than other global forest ecosystems. We aim to characterize the 2010 distribution of fire refugia for these forest ecosystems and evaluate their topographic drivers.LocationNorth‐eastern Siberia across the North‐east Siberian Taiga and the Cherskii‐Kolyma Mountain Tundra ecozones.Time period2001–2020.Major taxa studiedCajander larch.MethodsWe used Landsat imagery to define burned and unburned patches, and the Arctic digital elevation model to calculate topographic variables. We characterized the size and density of fire refugia. We sampled individual pixels (n = 80,000) from an image stack that included a binary burned/unburned, elevation, slope, aspect, topographic position index, ruggedness, and tree cover from 2001 to 2020. We evaluated the topographic drivers of fire refugia with boosted regression trees.ResultsWe found no substantial difference in fire refugia size and density across the region. The fire refugia size averaged 7.2 ha (0.09–150,439 ha). The majority of interior burned patches exceed the potential wind dispersal distance from fire refugia. Topographic position index and terrain steepness were important predictors of fire refugia.Main conclusionsUnprecedented wildfires in 2020 did not impact fire refugia formation. Fire refugia are strongly controlled by topographic positions such as uplands and lowlands that influence microsite hydrological conditions. Fire refugia contribute to postfire landscape heterogeneity that preserves ecosystem functions, seed sources, habitat, and carbon sinks.
New Potential Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite, Galena and Pyrite Reference Materials for Sulfur Isotope Determination by Laser Ablation‐MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Lv Nan , Bao Zhian , Chen Kaiyun , Zong Chunlei , Zhang Yan , Yuan Honglin 
Published: May 2022

The sulfur isotope system is important in tracing a variety of geochemical processes. However, the availability of matrix‐matched reference materials for in situ sulfur isotope ratio measurement is limited. This study analysed four sulfide specimens to investigate their potential as reference materials for in situ sulfur isotope determination, including three natural sulfide minerals (sphalerite SPH‐1, chalcopyrite GC‐1 and galena NWU‐GN), and one resin preserved pyrite powder (RPPY). These four sulfides were analysed independently in four laboratories using both bulk and microbeam analysis techniques, all of which gave equivalent results within uncertainty with comparable accuracy and precision. The sulfur isotopes of these four sulfides are homogeneous based on a large number of isotope determinations by solution nebulisation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) and laser ablation (LA) MC‐ICP‐MS. The mean δ34S values for SPH‐1, RPPY, GC‐1 and NWU‐GN determined by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GS‐IRMS) and solution nebulisation MC‐ICP‐MS are −7.13 ± 0.41‰ (2s), 3.66 ± 0.24‰ (2s), −0.65 ± 0.28‰ (2s), 28.21 ± 0.17‰ (2s) relative to the Vienna‐Canyon Diablo troilite (V‐CDT) reference value, respectively, and which are proposed as potential preferred values. Over 400 spot analyses performed on randomly selected fragments of each sulfide by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS yielded highly consistent δ34S values with the preferred values. Thus, SPH‐1, GC‐1, NWU‐GN and RPPY are considered a set of candidate matrix‐matched sulfide reference materials for in situ sulfur isotope determination.
Women's formal networking: The relationship between networking activities and power
Authors: Papafilippou Vanda , Durbin Susan , Conley Hazel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the networking that takes place within formally organized internal (organization‐based) and external (industry‐based) women engineers' networks. Drawing upon 48 interviews with women engineers, across a number of industries and seniority levels, mostly in the UK, the article contributes to the scarce empirical literature examining formal women's networking in engineering, in terms of its role in individual support and collective change. By adopting Allen's (1998, 1999) definition of feminist power and shifting the focus of analysis from merely instrumental to other types of networking activities, the study contributes empirically and theoretically to understanding how internal and external women's networking has the potential to help female engineers to stay in and change the profession. Despite the critiques that formal women's networks lack power and the ability to make a positive difference for women, when feminist conceptualizations of power are adopted, women's networking within these networks can be considered to empower them in a variety of ways. Our data identifies that wider networking within external women's networks can be particularly useful as a force for change.
Training business students to use online networking for self‐development
Authors: Elenurm Tiit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to understanding opportunities to use social media for developing online networking skills that can be applied in entrepreneurial self‐development. Analysis of business students' changing priorities in finding and using online social networks during the years 2008–2019 demonstrated the dominance of Facebook and, more recently, Instagram, compared to LinkedIn and more specialized networks for entrepreneurs. Students involved in knowledge sharing for travelling, sports, music and online gaming have a more detailed understanding of online social media as entrepreneurial self‐development tools. Recent years demonstrated some desire to integrate online communication and joint actions in physical locations. Students need a deeper understanding of how their online communication and networking priorities can be aligned with their entrepreneurial network development and knowledge sharing priorities through social media. Our longitudinal research of student priorities in online social network use demonstrates to educators the importance of understanding the self‐development paths of students when improving their skills to use online networking. Higher education should guide students to use online media to trace new entrepreneurship opportunities, expand their contact network and prepare them to reflect critically on online information dissemination practices.
Intermittent peri‐tubal instillation of dexamethasone and ropivacaine on postoperative analgesia after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahuja Varnika , Luthra Ankur , Chauhan Rajeev , Meena Shyam C , Parmar Kalpesh 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesPercutaneous nephrolithotomy and placement of nephrostomy tube are performed for renal stones >2 cm in diameter. Attempts have been made to infiltrate local anesthetics with or without adjuvants into the surgical site to reduce pain. We hypothesized that there would be a significant prolongation of the analgesic effect of local anesthetic instillation along the nephrostomy tube due to the adjuvant dexamethasone.MethodsAfter ethical approval and Clinical Trials Registry ‐ India registration (CTRI/2020/03/024332), 64 American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 1 and 2 adult patients were enrolled in this randomized double‐blinded prospective study divided into Group R—received 20 mL 0.2% Ropivacaine and Group R + D—received 20 mL 0.2% Ropivacaine with dexamethasone 8 mg, injected through a multi‐lumen wound infiltration catheter.ResultsThe demographic profile of patients was similar in both groups. The mean duration of analgesia was longer in Group R + D (21.3 ± 2.1 hrs) versus Group R (10 ± 1.9 hrs, P = 0.001). The mean numeric rating scale scores of Group R + D were significantly lower at all time intervals (P = 0.001). Also, the cumulative dose of ropivacaine and the total use of fentanyl postoperatively in Group R was much higher (70 ± 10.4 vs 56 ± 8.9 μg, P = 0.02). The C‐reactive protein levels were significantly lower in Group R + D (13.8 ± 1.5 vs 23.1 ± 1.2 mg/L, P = 0.001 and 16.5 ± 1.3 vs 28.5 ± 1.7 mg/L, P = 0.001, at 24 and 48 hrs, respectively).ConclusionWe conclude that dexamethasone can be used as a suitable adjuvant to intermittent local anesthetic infiltration after percutaneous nephrolithotomy with a nephrostomy tube for the prolongation of analgesia.
Real‐world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of Japanese patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment
Authors: Miyake Makito , Kikuchi Eiji , Shinozaki Kenta , Piao Yi , Hayashi Nobuya , Koto Ryo , Jinushi Masahisa , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate current patterns and outcomes of intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment in Japanese patients with bladder cancer, including the proportion of patients completing induction therapy, and time to subsequent treatments.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized administrative claims data from the Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd. database to identify patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer who had received ≥1 prescription of intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin between April 2008 and September 2015, and had ≥1 database record dated ≥12 weeks after the initial bacillus Calmette–Guérin dose. Patients were followed until September 2018, the last date of available data, or in‐hospital death. Patients receiving six doses of bacillus Calmette–Guérin at intervals of <21 days were considered to have completed induction according to guidelines. Time from initial bacillus Calmette–Guérin dose to subsequent bladder cancer treatment after the end of treatment was defined as the recurrence‐free duration.ResultsOf 6140 patients identified (median age 73.0 years; 83.4% males), 4588 (74.7%) completed induction and 1552 (25.3%) did not. Median recurrence‐free duration was 64.4, 77.7, and 31.6 months in the overall, complete‐induction and incomplete‐induction cohorts, respectively. Corresponding 3‐year recurrence‐free rate was 56.3%, 59.0%, and 48.2% in these groups. The rate of cystectomy was approximately 6% at 5 years in all cohorts.ConclusionsApproximately 75% of Japanese patients who undergo intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment receive a guideline‐compliant induction regimen, but outcomes were not satisfactory, highlighting the need for more effective treatments for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Damage accumulation in plasma‐sprayed zirconia under cyclic loading
Authors: Lal Devi , Ramanadham Vyshnavi , Kumar Praveen , Sampath Sanjay , Jayaram Vikram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stiffness and hysteretic response due to mechanical and thermo‐mechanical cycling have been studied in plasma‐sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Mechanical cycling of free‐standing cantilevers of YSZ shows that the progressive decrease in stiffness is accompanied by monotonic increase in hysteretic energy dissipation per cycle and a permanent ratcheting displacement of ∼20 nm/cycle. Below a critical stress, it varies from coating to coating, ratcheting accompanied by a slow decrease in stiffness does not lead to failure even after ∼1000 cycles. In contrast, at higher stresses, the rates of ratcheting and decrease in stiffness increase rapidly, leading to the nucleation of macrocracks that lead to fracture failure. Prior thermal cycling of coatings on Inconel substrate up to 700°C, which induced an estimated cyclic thermal stress of ∼35 MPa, led to a pronounced reduction in stiffness and mechanical cycling life. During bending, damage accumulates in the tension side of the cantilever and the volume going through the compression cycle remains relatively undamaged.
Tensile behavior of tetragonal zirconia micro/nano‐fibers and beams in situ tested by push‐to‐pull devices
Authors: Zeng Xiao Mei , Ye Pengcheng , Tan Hui Teng , Du Zehui , Gan Chee Lip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe tensile mechanical behavior of tetragonal zirconia micro/nano‐fibers and beams was studied with push‐to‐pull (PTP) devices equipped in an in situ nanoindenter. The small‐volume ceramics generally experienced linear elastic deformation before fracture. Polycrystalline and oligocrystalline micro/nano‐fibers exhibit a tensile strength of ∼0.9–1.4 GPa, while single‐crystal beams exhibit a much higher tensile strength (∼2.1–3.2 GPa). The tensile strength of the small‐volume zirconia is found comparable to the corresponding compressive strength, which indicates the large discrepancy between the tensile and compressive strength observed in bulk zirconia becomes insignificant at micro/nano‐scales. No martensitic transformation induced shape memory strain was detected in the zirconia fibers and beams. Further variation in dopant concentration and crystal orientation was explored for single‐crystal beams and their significance in controlling the tensile strength was discussed. Our work offers a new insight into the mechanical behavior of tetragonal zirconia‐based ceramics at small scales.
Assessment of a potential bioproduct for controlling Cerotoma arcuata tingomariana (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Quiroga-Cubides Ginna , García-Riaño Lorena , Grijalba-Bernal Erika P. , Espinel Carlos , Otálora Paola Emilia Cuartas , Guevara Elsa Judith , Gómez-Álvarez Martha Isabel , Barrera Mauricio Cruz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The leaf-feeding pest Cerotoma arcuata tingomariana (Bechyné) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) produces huge economic losses in different crops. This study aimed to produce conidia by semisolid-state fermentation and to establish the insecticidal activity of two formulation prototypes based on a native Beauveria bassiana isolate for controlling this pest.

Methods and results
A novel fabric-based semisolid-state fermentation strategy for quick and large-scale conidia production was performed and characterized. Conidia were formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a water-dispersible granulate (WG). Afterwards, the mortality of C. a. tingomariana adults was assessed. A conidia concentration of 2.9 × 109 conidia cm−2 was obtained after 9 days-course fermentation and a yield of 33.4 g kg−1 dry-substrate.

Conclusions
The polyester fabric-based fermentation is an efficient technique for producing and collecting B. bassiana spores. Regarding LC90, the potency analysis showed that the EC was 21-fold more potent than the non-formulated conidia, and ~ 2.6-fold more potent than the WG.

Significance and impact of study
A high throughput fermentation based on polyester fabric as support for B. bassiana conidia production and subsequent formulation as an EC comprises a promising strategy for obtaining a bioproduct to control adults of C. a. tingomariana and other Chrysomelidae pests.
Evaluating hop extract concentrations found in commercial beer to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation
Authors: Gregory Eric R. , Bakhaider Renad F. , Gomez Grace F. , Huang Ruijie , Moser Elizabeth A. S. , Gregory Richard L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hop extracts with diverse β-acid concentrations on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.Methods and ResultsTen different hop extracts, with α-acid concentrations similar to those found in commercial beer products and β-acid concentrations ranging from 2.6 to 8.1%, were added to distilled water to make standardized concentrations. S. mutans isolates were treated with hop extract dilutions varying from 1:2 to 1:256. The minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations were determined and the optical density was evaluated. Live/dead staining confirmed the bactericidal effects. Biofilm formation of several strains of S. mutans was significantly inhibited by hop extract dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 and 1:32. Strong negative correlations were observed between α- and β-acid concentrations of the hop extracts and S. mutans total growth and biofilm formation.ConclusionsThe use of hop extracts prepared similarly to commercial beer decreased S. mutans biofilm formation.Significance and Impact of the StudyThe inclusion of hops in the commercial beer products may provide beneficial health effects. Further studies are warranted to determine an effect in vivo on the development of dental caries.
Durable pulmonary vein isolation with diffuse posterior left atrial ablation using low‐flow, median power, short‐duration strategy
Authors: Li Dan L. , El‐Harasis Majd , Montgomery Jay A. , Richardson Travis D. , Kanagasundram Arvindh , Estrada Juan Carlos , Lean Michael , Shoemaker M. Benjamin , Saavedra Pablo J. , Touchton Steven , Patel Bindiya , Herrmann Tarrah , John Roy M. , Michaud Gregory F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo target posterior wall isolation (PWI) in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, diffuse ablation theoretically confers a lower risk of conduction recovery compared to box set. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of diffuse PWI with low‐flow, medium‐power, and short‐duration (LF‐MPSD) ablation, and evaluate the durability of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and PWI among patients undergoing repeat ablations.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients undergoing LF‐MPSD ablation for AF (PVI + diffuse PWI) between August 2017 and December 2019. Clinical characteristics were collected. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed to study AF/atrial flutter (AFL) recurrence. Ablation data were analyzed in patients who underwent a repeat AF/AFL ablation.ResultsOf the 463 patients undergoing LF‐MPSD AF ablation (PVI alone, or PVI + diffuse PWI), 137 patients had PVI + diffuse PWI. Acute PWI with complete electrocardiogram elimination was achieved in 134 (97.8%) patients. Among the 126 patients with consistent follow‐up, 38 (30.2%) patients had AF/AFL recurrence during a median duration of 14 months. Eighteen patients underwent a repeat AF/AFL ablation after PVI + diffuse PWI, and 16 (88.9%) patients had durable PVI, in contrast to 10 of 45 (23.9%) patients who had redo ablation after LF‐MPSD PVI alone. Seven patients (38.9%) had durable PWI, while 11 patients had partial electrical recovery at the posterior wall. The median percentage of area without electrical activity at the posterior wall was 70.7%. Conduction block across the posterior wall was maintained in 16 (88.9%) patients.ConclusionThere was a high rate of PVI durability in patients undergoing diffuse PWI and PVI. Partial posterior wall electrical recovery was common but conduction block across the posterior wall was maintained in most patients.