bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doing and Allowing Harm
Authors: Linder Erich 
Published: January 2022

Is there a morally relevant distinction between cases in which the agent harms someone and cases in which she merely allows someone to be harmed? Holding that such distinction exists and is morally relevant has implications on both theoretical and practical grounds.
In my paper, I discuss one of the most conspicuous defences of the existence of the distinction between doing and allowing harm (from now on, DAH). I argue that – provided that it be possible to establish such a distinction – what really matters is whether and how this distinction would be morally relevant.
The moral relevance of such distinction is, in fact, much controversial. The main reason why the DAH should be morally relevant is that it legitimizes the agents’ authority over their own resources. I address two main issues: the problem of injustice within the DAH and the conservative account of personal identity held by the advocates of DAH.
Regarding the problem of injustice, I argue that when confronted with a practical problem such as the obligation to give money to charity, the DAH seems to imply that those in miserable conditions deserve it. Such a position seems to be untenable from both an ethical and a metaphysical point of view.
I then discuss the notion of personal identity that would benefit from the DAH in the light of some psychoanalytic concepts. The fact of legitimizing the agents’ ownership of their own resources does matters because it allows them to fulfil those projects that constitute their Ego-Ideal. In other words, the DAH encourages the agents to become the person they already aspire to be. Such perspective delineates a particularly conservatory way of thinking about ethics which may be rejected for several reasons. One could, for instance, argue that ethics should encourage agents not to stick to their old identity but rather to question it and adapt it when new problems arise.
Contrasting features of wave number one during northern summer monsoon seasons of 1997 and 2002
Authors: BAWISKAR S. M. , CHIPADE M. D. , MUJUMDAR V. R. , BHIDE U. V. , SINGH S. S. 
Published: January 2022

Temporal and spatial variations of the energetics of the lower tropospheric zonal wave number one are compared for monsoon 2002 (a recent drought year) and monsoon 1997 (a normal monsoon year). Fourier technique is used to calculate momentum transport, kinetic energy and wave to wave interaction. Daily global grid point NCEP wind (u & v) data at 850 hPa for 153 days (1 May to 30 September) are considered.
Daily and weekly variations of the energetics of wave number one indicate that as long as the momentum transport or kinetic energy of wave number one around 10° N is strong, the rainfall is better and vice-versa. The amplitude of wave number one was almost half during 2002 as compared to that of during 1997, which resulted into less transport of momentum and meager supply of kinetic energy throughout the monsoon season of 2002. The significant release of kinetic energy by wave number one may have played a vital role in triggering five intense systems during 1997 whereas the weak supply of kinetic energy may have failed to trigger a single system during monsoon 2002.
Prevalence of Neck Pain related to working hours among Bankers, A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Umer , Zia Wajeeha , Jamshaid Ghazal , Khan Bakhtawar , Hassan Jawad ul , Akram Azhar 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Work-related neck pain is demonstrated as neck pain that is produced or provoked by labor or the working atmosphere. It is one of the most common complaints especially among workers who use computer extensively at their workplace. Office work demands long time in front of computer screens and if there is lack of ergonomic use, lack of awareness of proper body positioning and the positioning of the desk, keyboard, and screen all lead to pain neck. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the frequency of neck pain due to necktie among bankers. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Data was taken from 277 participants through Neck disability index questionnaire through convenient sampling technique from all the male workers of banks who were wearing tie on regular basis. Data was presented as bar charts and pie charts by using Statistical Package for social sciences version 25. Results: About 184 (66.4%) were having pain in neck in past 6 months. About half of those who were suffering from pain have moderate pain 145 (86.8%), 14 (8.3) have mild pain and 8 (4.7%) were having severe pain in neck. Conclusion:It is concluded that about 66.4% bankers were having pain and majority of bankers have moderate level neck pain due to prolong working hours.
Theory of Generalized Compactness in Generalized Topological Spaces: Part I. Basic Properties
Authors: KHODABOCUS Mohammad Irshad , SOOKIA Noor-ul-hacq 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a novel class of generalized compact sets (brieﬂy, g-Tg-compact sets ) in generalized topological spaces (brieﬂy,
Tg-spaces ) is studied. The study reveals that g-Tg -compactness implies ordinary compactness (brieﬂy, Tg -compactness ) in
Tg-spaces, and such statement implies its analogue in ordinary topological spaces (brieﬂy, T -spaces ). Diagrams establish the various relationships amongst these types of g-Tg -compactness presented here and in relation to other types of g-T -compactness
in T-spaces presented in the literature of Tg -spaces, and a nice application supports the overall theory.
Homer Rodeheaver and the Rise of the Gospel Music Industry
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas 
Published: January 2022

Homer Rodeheaver rose to national prominence in the early 20th century as the trombone-playing songleader for Billy Sunday. For twenty years they captured attention with city-wide revival meetings, a mix of sincere devotion, popular religion, and modern marketing methods. In an era when music styles were emerging as marketable genres, Rodeheaver created a brand of gospel music that cast an enormous influence on popular music. Borrowing from evangelical hymns, African American spirituals, and popular music, he built a publishing empire in Chicago, selling hymnals as a way to encourage community singing. When tabernacle revivalism declined after World War I, Rodeheaver shifted to other ventures, bolstered by his personal popularity in a growing celebrity culture. He started the first gospel record label in 1920, then shifted to radio, where his community sing programs ran on three national networks. Near the end of his life, he strongly influenced Billy Graham and Cliff Barrows, the next generation of evangelical revivalists. The authors explore the birth of the commercial Christian music industry and its roots in congregational singing—its early rise as a communal, populist form that would later divide into racial and regional distinctions known as southern gospel and black gospel. As the first major biography of Homer Rodeheaver, the book explores the impact of racial segregation, the influence of technology, and the consequences of commercial Christian music.
Surviving Southampton
Authors: Holden Vanessa M. 
Published: January 2022

The 1831 Southampton Rebellion led by Nat Turner included an entire community involved in resistance efforts that led to, and learned from, what happened. Surviving Southampton rediscovers the enslaved women and children and free people of color who lived in Southampton County before, during, and after the insurrection. Mapping the region's multilayered human geography, it draws a fuller picture of the inhabitants, revealing not only their interactions with physical locations but also their social relationships in space and time. Vanessa Holden’s analysis recasts the Southampton Rebellion as one event on a continuum of practices that sustained resistance and survival among local people of color. The book then follows those practices into the future, showing how Southampton’s women, and community, raised children who remembered and heeded the lessons absorbed during the calamitous events of 1831. A bold challenge to traditional accounts, Surviving Southampton sheds new light on the places and people surrounding a momentous event in American history.
An Integrative Morphologic and Molecular Approach for Diagnosis and Subclassification of Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Fan Rong , Parham David M. , Wang Larry L. 
Published: January 2022

Context.—
Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of children, is currently classified into the following 4 subtypes: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma, and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, based on recent molecular genetic knowledge and morphologic features.

Objective.—
To highlight the most recent advances of molecular genetic alterations, and to familiarize pathologists with most recent genotype and phenotype correlation in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Data Sources.—
Data were derived from the World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors, fifth edition, recently published literature (PubMed), and clinical practice experience.

Conclusions.—
Current classification has been significantly impacted by genotype and phenotype correlation, especially with PAX-FOXO1 fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma versus fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma, and with the emergence of 3 distinct new subtypes of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. Although all rhabdomyosarcomas were considered a single diagnostic entity in the past, they are now considered to be a group of histologically similar but biologically diverse entities because their clinical behavior and underlying molecular alterations dramatically differ. This review outlines recent molecular genetic developments, corresponding morphologic features, and current challenges faced by pathologists in daily practice.
Estudo Comparativo da flexão máxima da Articulação da Anca nas Variantes Formal e Natural da Técnica de Bruços
Authors: Vilas-Boas J. Paulo 
Published: January 2022

O nível técnico de adequação mecânica das variantes formal (bf) e natural (bn) da técnica de bruços constitui um importante pó­lo de interesse da biomecância da natação. Um dos argumentos mais frequentemente utilizados para a justificação da superioridade do bn é a menor flexão máxima da anca tida como característica desta va­riante. Neste trabalho é estudado o ângulo máximo de flexão da anca em cada uma das duas variantes da técnica de bruços. Foram analisa­das imagens subaquáticas de 8 nadadores, 5 do sexo masculino e 3 do sexo feminino, sendo 4 executantes de bf e 4 executantes de bn. Os valores médios dos ângulos de flexão maxima da anca obtidos para ca­da variante não foram significativamente diferentes (p< 0.05), ten­do, contrariamente à maioria dos valores referidos na literatura, sido inferior o nivel de flexão registrado para os executantes de bf.
Objective quantification of the impact of blepharoplasty on the superior visual field
Authors: Kim Hyodong , Lee Sanghun , Son Daegu , Yeo Hyeonjung 
Published: January 2022

Background Blepharoplasty has both aesthetic and functional benefits in patients with pseudoptosis; however, previous studies could not demonstrate its beneficial effects quantitatively and objectively. The authors objectively analyzed the visual field before and after surgery and investigated whether measurements of the visual field can be applied as a suitable predictor of surgical outcomes.
Methods In total, 18 eyelids in nine patients with pseudoptosis who had undergone simple skin excision blepharoplasty were evaluated prospectively from February to May 2016. The visual fields were analyzed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test. The visual field test area was assessed using Adobe Photoshop.
Results Blepharoplasty had an average 4.99-fold beneficial effect on the superior visual field. In particular, more improvement was seen in the superior temporal quadrant than in the nasal quadrant. No correlation was found between the preoperative margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and the surgical outcome (P=0.119). However, there was a strong correlation between the preoperative superior visual field and the surgical outcome (P=0.001).
Conclusions Using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test, we objectively and quantitatively proved the beneficial effect of blepharoplasty on patients with pseudoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the preoperative visual field is a better preoperative surgical outcome predictive factor than the preoperative MRD1.
Migrant Memory, Movement, and Misrecognition: Reactivating Diasporic Experience Toward an Anticolonial Politics of Place
Authors: Ortuzar Jimena 
Published: January 2022

How might diasporic experiences of loss and displacement aid immigrants in responding to and acknowledging Indigenous lands and territories? Drawing from my own immigrant experience, I retrace and reinvent my movement in Tkaronto through walking practices that recover memories of migrancy as a newcomer to the land known as Canada. Such memories can be useful sources for immigrants to consider their relationship to settler colonialism. Reactivating them through movement might elicit a new responsiveness to the land as well as recognition of its caretakers and their struggles. I reflect on the possibilities that such a practice of walking and thinking through embodied memories can open up for undoing the coloniality of thought that underpins migrant aspirations for “a better-than-survival kind of living” (Berlant) and that so often results in assimilation to, and participation in, a settler colonial state.
Exploration of Cocoa Pod Pest and Damage Level in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Yudha Pajri Ananta , Dwipa Indra , Azwardi Dedi 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The study aimed to explore the cocoa pod pests and the damage level of pests in Lima Puluh Kota regency, Indonesia.
Study Design: Purposive random sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in cocoa field in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia from January to June 2021.
Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used in the research. Three districts that have cocoa fields were chosen as location of the study. One sub district of each district was chosen and two cocoa fields of each sub district were chosen as sampling. The criteria of field sampling were 1) the field area was 0.5 hectare, 2) the plants age ±4 years and the plants were productive.
Results: The result showed that cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) and pod sucking bug (PSB) (Helopeltis spp.) were the cocoa pod pest insects in Lima Puluh Kota regency. The percentage of attacked plants by CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were 21.18% and 56.28% respectively. Attacked pods by CPB and PSB were 10.82% and 79.45%. For attack intensity of CPB and PSB, there were 8.52% and 41.09% respectively.
Conclusion: According to result obtained, the attack intensity of CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were Slight and Moderate respectively.
Beginning counselor educators’ experiences of growth and challenges in teaching
Authors: Waalkes Phillip L. , Hall Daniel P. , Haugen Jaimie Stickl , Swindle Paula J. , Meyer Jiaying J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn our consensual qualitative research investigation of teaching development, beginning counselor educators’ (N = 13) grew in transitioning from teacher‐centeredness to student‐centered learning approaches, as well as in student engagement, adaptation to student needs, and confidence. They felt challenged by setting boundaries with students and managing time.
Asclepiasdynamics on US rangelands: implications for conservation of monarch butterflies and other insects
Authors: Spaeth Kenneth E. , Barbour Philip J. , Moranz Ray , Dinsmore Stephen J. , Williams C. Jason 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe genesis of this study is in response to the United States (US) Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listing of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) on 17 December 2020 in the US Federal Register as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Annual censuses have identified that the eastern and western North American monarch migratory populations have been generally declining over the last 20 yr due to a myriad of environmental factors. Monarch reproduction at the larval stage is dependent on the presence of milkweed (Asclepias) plant species. The United States Department of Agriculture‐Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA‐NRCS) National Resource Inventory rangeland data set (~23,400 on‐site samples; 2032 sites with milkweed presence) was used to evaluate milkweed species densities, geolocations, and environmental gradients. Twenty‐two milkweed species were identified on rangelands across 17 sampled US western states, with seven species comprising 65.5% of milkweed frequency of occurrence. The most dominant milkweed species on non‐federal rangelands wereAsclepias viridis,A. syriaca,A. verticillata, andA. speciosa(constancy >10% where milkweed was present).Asclepias speciosawas the dominant species from the standpoint of total plant density for the data set, whereasA. viridiswas the most frequently occurring species. Total milkweed density estimates based on low, midpoint, and high estimates were 1.3, 4.1, and 6.9Bplants on 13.2 M ha. Seven US states (Kansas, Texas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Montana) contained 88.8% of the total estimated ha with milkweed presence. In the Central Great Plains, Northwestern Great Plains, Nebraska Sand Hills, and Flint Hills, Southwestern Tablelands, High Plains, Northwestern Glaciated Plains, and Cross Timbers, Omernik level III ecoregions contained 76.7% of the estimated milkweed plants. Milkweed species density was highest at latitude N35‐40 with decreasing populations toward south (N25‐30) and north (N45‐50) latitudes. Milkweed species densities were greatest at longitude W‐95‐100 and decreased toward the western US with lowest population numbers at W‐120‐125. Analysis of environmental variables showed milkweed species dominance on mollisols, non‐saline sites, neutral pH, well‐drained soils, loam and sandy loam soil textures, and sites with soil organic matter at 1.5–3%. Disturbance gradients and habitat dynamics relating to ecological condition and rangeland health differed among the dominant milkweed species identified in this study.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Gao Pei , Peng Wei , Hu Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of LMR in NPC through meta‐analysis.MethodsThe prognostic value of LMR for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS)/progression‐free survival (PFS) was evaluated by pooling hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The association between LMR and clinicopathological characteristics was estimated by using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 7 studies with 3773 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The results showed that a low LMR was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.71–2.20, p < 0.001) and reduced DFS/PFS (HR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.23–1.85, p < 0.001) in NPC. Furthermore, a low LMR was significantly associated with male sex (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12–1.59, p = 0.001), T3‐T4 stage (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.02–2.45, p = 0.040), and tumor stage III‐IV (OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.22–1.95, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study indicated that a low LMR was correlated with poor survival and advanced tumor stage in patients with NPC.
Mechanism of miR‐424‐5p promoter methylation in promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Lv Hong‐Cheng , Lv Yan‐Yan , Wang Gang , Zhang Xie‐Hua , Li Sheng‐Nan , Yue Xiao‐Fen , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study set out to clarify the role of miR‐424‐5p promoter methylation in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The findings of quantitative real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction and methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting assays elicited that miR‐424‐5p was poorly expressed in HCC tissues and cells while highly methylated. Meanwhile, upon demethylation, miR‐424‐5p expression levels were partly recovered in HCC cells. In addition, miR‐424‐5p upregulation reduced cell viability and elevated apoptosis of HCC cells, in parallel with increased N‐cadherin and decreased E‐cadherin levels. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay further validated that miR‐424‐5p bound to the kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A), and miR‐424‐5p overexpression downregulated KIF2A. In addition, KIF2A overexpression reversed the miR‐424‐5p‐driven changes in terms of cell viability, apoptosis and EMT‐related protein levels. Furthermore, xenograft tumors were established via injection of Huh7 cells, followed by miR‐424‐5p overexpression in vivo, which inhabited KIF2A downregulation and attenuated tumor growth along with decreased Ki67 positive expression, diminished N‐cadherin and elevated E‐cadherin levels. Overall, our findings supported the conclusion that miR‐424‐5p promoter methylation reduced miR‐424‐5p expression and upregulated KIF2A, thereby promoting HCC EMT.
Lipid profile, lipid ratios, apolipoproteins, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Tajik Behnam , Voutilainen Ari , Kauhanen Jussi , Mazidi Moshen , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka , Isanejad Masoud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe blood level of lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipid ratios are important predictors of some chronic diseases. However, their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is less known. We evaluated a wide range of lipid profiles and lipid ratios, including low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), very‐low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (VLDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), and apoA1 and B, as well triglyceride and total cholesterol with risk of incident CMM. In 1728 men aged 52.5 ± 5.2 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease were included in this study. We defined CMM as coexisting of two or more of stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD). A Cox proportional hazard regression method was applied to evaluate the risk of CMM against the exposures. During the mean follow‐up of 22.4 years, 335 men suffered from CMM conditions. Higher serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations were associated with a higher risk of coexisting T2D‐CHD (HRs 1.99 (95% CI, 1.12–3.53) and HRs 1.79 (95% CI, 1.04–3.11), respectively. Whereas higher HDL was associated with lower incident [HRs 0.49 (95% CI, 0.40–1.00)]. The HRs for coexisting T2D‐CHD was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.01–3.07) for total cholesterol/HDL‐C, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.04–3.29) for triglyceride/HDL‐C, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01–2.31) for Non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C, and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.03–2.46) for apoB/apoA1. In contrast, serum LDL‐C/apoB ratios were inversely associated with the risk of coexisting T2D‐CHD [HRs 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28–0.90)]. No associations were observed between our exposures and other CMM conditions. In conclusion, elevated triglyceride, VLDL‐C, total cholesterol/HDL‐C, TG/HDL‐C, apoB/apoA1 as well as lower LDL‐C/apoB were independently associated with the higher risk of T2D‐CHD coexistence.