bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does experience teaching in Japanese EFL classrooms inform English native-speaker educators classroom practices? The negotiation of face in university classrooms
Authors: Kidd Joshua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLanguage teachers experience a range of challenges unique to the cultural and social contexts in which they work. To negotiate these challenges and facilitate language acquisition, teachers draw on linguistic and sociocultural knowledge of the L1 and L2. United by a desire to develop and/or maintain positive aspects of face, students and their teachers employ culturally, socially and individually informed communicative strategies and behaviour to demonstrate individual worth and maintain classroom appropriateness. In this study, we analyzed the insights and practices of experienced and less experienced English native-speaker teachers (ENSTs) working with Japanese university students to identify challenges encountered within the classroom. The experienced language teachers (ExTs) identified a diverse array of challenges including student mental health, teacher fatigue and assessment transparency. In contrast, the less experienced teachers (LExTs) agreed that key challenges were student silence, use of the L1, and students sharing information. Focusing on the themes identified by the LExTs, we observed student/teacher interaction during learning activities and isolated the linguistic practices and behaviours employed by both groups of teachers. Through examining classroom exchanges we hope to arrive at a deeper understanding of the linguistic politeness strategies employed by ENSTs and potential implications for the negotiation of face.
Long-term performance of MgO–SiO2 binder
Authors: Shah Vineet , Dhakal Milap , Scott Allan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnesium silicate hydrate (M–S–H) formed on reaction of MgO and reactive SiO2 imparts binding characteristics similar to Portland cement (PC). Limited knowledge is available on the long-term mechanical and durability performance of M–S–H binder systems. In this study, the performance of MgO–SiO2 binder was assessed up to 365 days. In addition to silica fume (SF), the most widely used silica source with MgO, calcined clay (CC) with kaolinite content of ~ 40–50% and industrial grade metakaolin (MK) were also investigated. Mortar specimens were prepared with all the three silica sources at three different proportion levels of MgO and silica source. Thermodynamic modelling was carried out to further understand the changes occurring in the phase assemblage during hydration for the adopted proportions. Concrete mixes comprising of MgO and MK or SF in a ratio of 1:1 and PC as a control mix were cast a water to binder ratio of 0.4. The compressive strength and porosity were measured at 7, 28, 90 and 365 days on mortar and concrete specimens. In addition, elastic modulus and electrical resistivity was also measured on the concrete samples at all the above-mentioned ages. MgO mixes with CC and MK showed a continual increase in compressive strength until 365 days whereas strength retrogression was observed in MgO–SF mixes after 90 days. The durability indicators for MgO–MK concrete showed better or similar performance as compared to PC. The aluminum present in the CC and MK helps to improve the overall characteristics of the MgO–SiO2 binder.
Prosocial competency-based model of a future teacher
Authors: Eroshenkova E. I. , Shapovalova I. S. , Karabutova E. A. , Anokhina S. V. , Miroshnikova O. S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction.Modern general and specific pedagogical trends, mega-trends and challenges in the future education system make it necessary to change the professional training programmes of future teachers, to clarify the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate. To achieve pedagogical aims of not only subject, but also of metasubject, educational, social, team-building, helpand project-based character, it is important to form prosocial competencies of future teachers that allow building “person to person help itinerary”.Theaimof the article is to provide theoretical justification and empirical verification of the significant prosocial competencies and individual mindsets of future teachers in the structure of the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate according to the future education challenges and priorities.Methodology, methods and techniques.The present research is done in accordance with the methodological principles of integrative, competency-based, culturological and prosocial approaches. An online survey for 582 students of the Institute of Pedagogy of the Belgorod State National Research University was used as a research method. The survey is based on the content-analysis and the content-generalisation of some employment diagnostics for future teachers, as well as the Russian education current regulatory framework.Results.As a result, 36 leading elements in the competency-based model of a future teacher were identified; and the most popular prosocial competencies quartiles (Q1 – “most important”, Q2 – “highly important”, Q3 – “solicited”, Q4 – “most desirable”) were highlighted. Such pedagogical competencies as “subject proficiency” and “humanism, respect for the individual, humanity” are among the leading ones. In the light of priorities within the competency-based model of a future teacher, the flexibility of the specific university training programmes is also revealed. Moreover, the students’ responses allow determining “the ability to develop the other people’s talents and skills” and “the ability to help the other people” as the competencies of the prosocial vector of the competency-based model of a future teacher.Thescientific noveltylies in the development of the prosocial competency-based model of a future teacher and in the allocation of 3 clusters of regulatory (stability and adaptability), affective (empathy and communication skills) and stimulating (time management and planning skills) competencies in its structure.Thepractical significancelies in the use of the materials as starting points for improving the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate.
The discrepancy evaluation model in the implementation of online learning (on the basis of parents’ perceptions)
Authors: Bulkani B. , Setiawan M. A. , Wahidah W. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The evaluation of online learning is an attempt to see the extent of the education process in Indonesia. This evaluation study seen from parents’ perception is a new study that has not been carried out. Most dominant researchers evaluate the learning process by emphasising the school, but it has not been touched from the parent’s side.Aim. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of online learning based on the perceptions of parents of students.Research methodology and methods. A discrepancy evaluation model method is used in the present research. The discrepancy evaluation model embodies five stages of evaluation: reviewing designs and standards, comparing implementation strategies, reviewing whether the process produces goals, comparing discrepancies with objectives, and cost and benefit analysis. The research subjects were 231 parents, who were involved using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using online questionnaires and interview sheets. A table of evaluation criteria and descriptive analysis were employed to analyse the data.Results and scientific novelty. The study results show that the implementation of online learning can run well, but the government needs to prepare appropriate policies to maintain the quality of learning. On average, 72.82% of parents think that the online learning process is sufficient. There are still psychological obstacles in the form of fatigue, anxiety, too many tasks, and technical obstacles in the form of a slow Internet network and the lack of availability of online learning facilities such as cellphones, laptops, personal computers, which are input and follow-up devices for schools, so that online learning is expected to continue to be improved increasing its effectiveness.Practical significance. This research implies that evaluation is one of the indicators that can measure the success of a programme. To implement the online learning programme, namely in junior high schools in Indonesia, it is necessary to have a special education policy by paying attention to the segmentation of the characteristics of parents, especially groups of low-income parents and education level.
Bullying and cyberbullying in a modern school
Authors: Nazarov V. L. , Averbuk N. V. , Buinacheva A. V. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. One of the aspects of digitalisation of education is the transfer of interpersonal relations and group processes into a virtual environment. Bullying, one of the biggest problems in school communities, is also relevant when communicating on the Internet. The danger of both bullying and cyberbullying is that the bullying processes can be hidden from the eyes of adults, which makes it difficult to counteract, because from the outside the situation may seem favourable. For the same reason, the scope of the phenomenon needs to be assessed and clarified.Aim. The current research aimed to investigate students’ subjective perceptions of the manifestations and experiences of bullying and cyberbullying in educational and online environment.Methodology and research methods. To study the problem, a questionnaire was developed to identify the type and form of participation in school bullying and cyberbullying. The questionnaire survey was carried out among 1762 middle-level students of educational organisations of general secondary education and secondary vocational training in Ekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region.Results. The presence of both school bullying and cyberbullying in the educational organisations of the Sverdlovsk region was revealed. The most common forms of both types of persecution and distribution by type of participation were identified. Distribution in school bullying: victims – 35.5%, instigators – 15.7%, ordinary participants – 11.5%, witnesses – 42.0%. In school cyberbullying: victims – 20.4%, aggressors – 7.7%, instigators – 4.7%, ordinary participants – 6.4%, witnesses – 20.4%. The transformation of school bullying in the digital space preserves the structure, types of participation, but adapts the forms of bullying and the degree of involvement of the participants. It can be argued that the involvement in cyberbullying (in all roles) is lower than the involvement in school bullying. The research results make it possible to start a study of the dependence of the forms and motivation of the persecutors on the space, in which these relations are realised.Scientific novelty. The present research demonstrates a cross-cutting comparison of various forms of bullying and cyberbullying in school communities, recorded in representatives by different forms of bullying (victim, stalker, witness).Practical significance. The questionnaire proposed in this paper can be used for the further analytical research on bullying and cyberbullying in school communities.
Comparison of efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination with palonosetron alone or dexamethasone alone for prophylaxis against post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholycystectomy
Authors: Choudhary Manju , Jain Priyanka , Kalra Poonam 
Published: February 2022

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is highly distressing and unpleasant symptom. Palonosetron and dexamethasone are effective antiemetics with minimal side effect profile. This study compared the efficacy of palonosetron dexamethasone combination with palonosetron alone and dexamethasone alone for prevention of PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.This prospective, randomised, double-blind study was done on 150 adults, American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II patients, aged 18-60 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. They were allocated to three groups which were to receive either of the three treatment regimens: Group A, (n = 50) Dexamethasone 8 mg plus Palonosetron 0.075 mg OR GroupB (n = 50) Palonosetron 0.075 mg Alone OR Group C (n = 50) Dexamethasone 8 mg Alone. The primary outcome was incidence of PONV in 24 h and the secondary outcome was a number of rescue antiemetic required. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the means amongst three groups. To compare the proportions in the groups, Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test/Two proportions Z-test was applied as appropriate.Overall incidences of PONV in the study 24 h postoperatively were 22% in group A, 42% in group B and 86% in group C in 24 h postoperatively (P &#60; 0.001). Requirement of rescue antiemetic was more in dexamethasone group than other two groups.Palonosetron alone and palonosetron-dexamethasone combination were equally effective in the prevention of PONV. Dexamethasone alone was least effective amongst the three groups. There is no difference between palonosetron and palonosetron-dexamethasone for PONV prevention.
Evaluation of single dose ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium bromide- A prospective randomized double blind study
Authors: Kumar Prem , Kumar Sathesh , Manidas Robin , Eswar VV Vishnu 
Published: February 2022

Ephedrine, an α1 and β agonist, that increases blood flow to muscles and thus increases the cardiac output. This concept is used in this study as speed by which the drug reaches the neuromuscular junction partly determines the onset of action of muscle relaxants. Our hypothesis was that ephedrine could hasten the onset of action of rocuronium bromide. The onset time of rocuronium was shorter after administration of ephedrine and there was no difference in the laryngoscopic viewsand hemodynamics between the two groups.Evaluation of the effects of a single dose of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium bromide and hemodynamic parameters during induction sequence and on the laryngoscopic views.Prospective randomized double blinded study.50 patients of the age 18 years or above belonging to ASA I or II posted for elective ENT surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups, namely Group E (ephedrine) and Group S(saline) by computer generated random allocation.Onset time of rocuronium, POGO score and hemodynamics were analyzed using student’s t-test and the results are shown as mean and standard deviation. The onset time of neuromuscular blockade for tracheal intubation was significantly shorter in ephedrine group. Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both groups, so were the laryngoscopic views.Pre induction ephedrine administration dose of 70 mcg/kg hastens the onset of action of rocuronium bromide with minimal hemodynamic changes.
Incidence, prevalence and prognostic implications of right-sided heart failure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A prospective observational study
Authors: Agarwal Sonika , Rana Pankaj , Khanduri Sushant , Singh Mukta , Kaushik Reshma 
Published: February 2022

: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a heterogeneous disease which involves both the alveoli and pulmonary vessels. Acute cor pulmonale was initially considered as a marker of severity but its impact on outcome is still controversial. : This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of nine months in ICU of a tertiary care center in India. Out of 2028 patient admitted in ICU 64 patients with ARDS (Berlins definition) underwent transthoracic echocardiography within 3 days of admission after diagnosis.: Acute cor pulmonale(ACP) was detected in 23 (36%) patients. Patients with ACP have greater the severity of disease and higher APACHE score as compared to those without ACP.Ph, PCO and P/F ratio appears to be the independent risk factor in patients for ACP in ARDS.Patients with ACP in ARDS had a higher incidence of shock and mortality(43.5%). ACP is quite common in ARDS. Due to its effect on the outcome, it appears to be a major factor in deciding ventilatory strategy in patients with ARDS. Right ventricle protective approach of ventilation keeps lung and heart connected.
Effect of two different dosages of adjunct magnesium sulfate on interscalene nerve blockade: A double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , Emani Aishwarya 
Published: February 2022

Interscalene nerve block is very commonly performed for clavicle & proximal humerus surgeries. However very few studies have evaluated the effect of add on magnesium sulphate to local anaesthetic for interscalene nerve block.Sixty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II undergoing surgeries for fracture clavicle and proximal humerus were recruited in this trial. Following randomisation, ultrasound guided interscalene block was performed with 10ml of 2% lignocaine and 20ml of 0.5% bupivacaine either with adjunct 125 mg (MS 125 group, n=30) or 250 mg (MS 250 group, n=30) magnesium sulphate. Primary outcome was to measure and compare the postoperative analgesia, duration of sensory and motor blockade.There was no significant difference between the groups in the duration of sensory blockade [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 505.3±44.6 (500) minutes v/s 501.1±45.9(498) minutes; p= 0.65], duration of motor blockade [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 314.9±31.1(307) minutes v/s 311.4±34.2(305) minutes; p= 0.7] and the duration of post-operative analgesia [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 519±46.1(512) minutes v/s 498±95.8(507 minutes); p=0.43].Magnesium sulfate at the dose of 125 mg is equally effective as 250 mg for prolonging sensory and motor blockade as well as for post-operative analgesia when used as an adjunct to bupivacaine and lignocaine during interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Our study is limited by small sample size. Further studies with larger sample size are needed.
A randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2, 4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges Vs warm saline gargles Vs control in the prevention and treatment of post-operative sore throat after endotracheal intubation
Authors: Phalgune Deepak , Dilawer Munira A , Mutha Sandeep , Gaikwad Ajit 
Published: February 2022

The incidence of a post-operative sore throat (POST) varied from 21%–100% in intubated patients. Numerous non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (AMC-2,4-DCBA) lozenges against warm normal saline (0.9%) gargles versus control in preventing and treating POST after extubation of the patients who have undergone surgical procedures under general anaesthesia.This single-blind randomised controlled study was conducted in 120 patients. Group S patients received one honey and lemon-flavoured AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenge. Group G and Group C patients received warm normal saline and distilled water for gargling respectively. Assessment of POST was carried out at 1 h, 12 h and 24 h. The primary outcome measure was to compare the degree of sore throat whereas secondary outcome measure was to compare patient comfort in terms of relief of symptoms. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables was done using analysis of variance test and chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between Group S, Group G and Group C in relation to Ramsay sedation score, supplemental analgesics given, three-point assessment score at 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenges offered the maximum benefit in terms of patient comfort of POST symptoms at the end of 24 h post-surgically. Amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges and warm normal saline gargles did not show a significant benefit in relieving post-operative sore throat in the post-surgical period as compared to the placebo.
Evaluation of intrathecal midazolam (2mg) as an adjuvant to bupivacaine (0.5%) for spinal anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery: A case control study
Authors: Sharma Anita , Pathania Jyoti , Verma Yashwant , Singh Surender 
Published: February 2022

Spinal anaesthesia is being routinely used for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Bupivacaine is the commonly used anaesthetic agent because of its longer duration of action. Various intrathecal adjuvants like midazolam are sometimes added to enhance the anaesthetic effects and increase the duration of analgesia. We, hereby evaluated the effects of intrathecal midazolam 2mg as an adjuvant to bupivacaine during spinal anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery. A total of 60 patients of age 20-50 years were randomly divided into two groups: BM-who received 3.2ml bupivacaine and 0.4ml(2mg) midazolam; and BS-who received 3.2 ml bupivacaine and 0.4ml normal saline. Mean duration of analgesia was prolonged in the midazolam group (429.33+/-59.54 min) as compared to controls (252+/-42.22 min) (p=0.00). The number of injection diclofenac as rescue analgesic were also significantly less in BM group. Time to achieve maximum sensory level(T4) was also significantly less in BM group. Time to two segment regression and the duration of motor block were more in the midazolam group. Intrathecal midazolam as an adjuvant significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia and decreases the requirement of rescue analgesia when combined with bupivacaine during spinal anaesthesia. The dose of 2mg seems to safe and effective to achieve the desired results.
Anaesthetic management in a patient with cervical dystonia undergoing pallidotomy
Authors: Shruthi K  , Konnur Anurita , Sandhya K  , Nethra SS  , Nagaraja Swathi 
Published: February 2022

Stereotactic neurosurgery poses number of anaesthetic challenges. Awake craniotomy involves proper patient selection and co-ordination by the multi-disciplinary team. We report a case with isolated cervical dystonia posted for pallidotomy performed under Monitored Anaesthesia Care.: Awake craniotomy poses a unique challenge by itself. We had to face an additional challenge of difficult airway.