bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Multiphase Metal Balls via Maskless Localized Anodization Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Asoh Hidetaka , Mizota Kanako , Kokubo Yuuka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanoporous metal‐oxide films formed on some metals and their alloys during anodization are crucial for both basic research and commercial applications. They are used as important materials for various types of device fabrication due to their distinctive solid‐state shapes, such as nanopores and nanotubes. However, preparing nanoporous films using anodization, which is a surface treatment for plate‐like specimens, requires a direct electrical connection to the workpiece. Developing new materials independent of the specimen's shape and size will vary if the need for direct energization is eliminated. Here, bipolar electrochemistry is employed to fabricate two‐phase (insulator–conductor) and three‐phase (insulator–conductor–insulator) aluminum balls by controlling the redox reaction region in an electric field. The aluminum balls are site‐selectively anodized employing a wireless and maskless operation. The multiphase aluminum balls’ versatility is demonstrated in the site‐selective electroless deposition of copper on their exposed regions. Additionally, it is demonstrated that various types of materials, including aluminum and titanium, can be oxidized simultaneously in the same cell.
Principles and Applications of Liquid‐Environment Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Li Baowen , Liao Zixuan , Li Jidong , Li Xuemei , Yin Jun , Guo Wanlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiquid environment is essential for the occurrence of various vital processes in fields of chemistry, biology, mechanics, and so on, underscoring the importance of understanding the solid–liquid interfaces. In the past decades, liquid‐environment atomic force microscopy (LE‐AFM) has played a nonsubstitutable role in studying solid–liquid interfaces because of its sub‐nanometer spatial resolution, video‐level imaging rates as well as piconewton‐level force measuring capabilities. Various state‐of‐the‐art developments and exciting applications are made recently. In this review, following a brief discussion on the development history of LE‐AFM, its working principles and operating modes with an emphasis on challenges posed by liquid environments and the corresponding solutions are introduced. As tip–sample interactions set the basis of all kinds of AFM, the interactions between the tip and the sample in liquid, including long‐range DLVO forces with quantitative description and short‐range non‐DLVO, whose physical origination is, by contrast, still in ambiguous, are elaborated. The applications of LE‐AFM are then summarized in four aspects, including high‐resolution imaging, high‐speed imaging, tribological characterization, and force spectroscopy‐based characterization. Finally, the perspectives on the future developing direction of LE‐AFM are shared.
Stable CsPbBr3 Achieved by Porphyrin–Thiol Surface Management and Their Dual‐Stimuli Responsive for Optical Encoding
Authors: Feng Xiaoxia , Zhao Xiyue , Liu Jinli , Xu Pengxiao , Liu Jiacheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurface ligand management plays an essential role in improving the stability of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and endowing them with novel property. Herein, a red fluorescence porphyrin‐thiol (named Por‐SH) is applied to adjust the surface and stimuli responsiveness of CsPbBr3 QDs. According to the theoretical and experimental results, Por‐SH can bind tightly to the exposed Pb of CsPbBr3 QDs, thus leading to the formation of Por‐SH‐QDs with an excellent resistance to water and UV light. Moreover, CsPbBr3 act as energy donors to improve the photoresponse of Por‐SH through energy transfer, especially when heated. Notably, the Por‐SH and QDs behave differently in terms of response to the temperature in the Por‐SH‐QDs system. Therefore, the Por‐SH‐QDs are capable of reversible stimuli–response property in the presence of heat/cool stimuli when excited by UV light. Finally, the disposable or reversible optical encoding label based on Por‐SH‐QDs and QDs is obtained by combining stability and the responsiveness to stimuli. Through the selection of suitable ligands, the surface of QDs is efficiently managed, which can not only mitigate instability but also endow perovskite QDs with the responsiveness to stimuli.
Design and Validation of Isomorphic Crystal Library for Nonlinear Optics and THz Wave Generation
Authors: Shin Bong‐Rim , Yu In Cheol , Puc Uros , Kim Won Tae , Yoon Woojin , Kim Chaeyoon , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Jazbinsek Mojca , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDevelopment of new organic crystals possessing large second‐order optical nonlinearity is very challenging because of strong tendency of centrosymmetric dipole–dipole molecular assembly in crystals. This tendency makes it difficult to develop various analogous crystals that allow fine tuning of optical and physical properties to enhance the device performance. A design approach of an isomorphic crystal library consisting of 11 highly efficient nonlinear optical salt crystals is reported. Analyzing the so‐called isomorphic tolerance space in previously reported mother crystals (PMnXQ chromophores, where PM denotes piperidin‐4‐ylmethanol electron donor, n corresponds to the substituted position of halogen (X) group on the quinolinium (Q) electron acceptor), various substituents are introduced into the PMnXQ crystals at different positions, considering their space‐filling characteristics and interionic interaction ability. All 11 PMnXQ crystals exhibit an isomorphic (or pseudo‐isomorphic) crystal structure, in which the cationic chromophores form a perfectly parallel assembly for maximizing the second‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility. The optical, physical, and crystal characteristics of newly designed, synthesized, and grown isomorphic PMnXQ crystals show both similarities and differences. Excellent THz wave‐generation performance is demonstrated in both kHz‐ and MHz‐repetition optical pump systems with new PMnXQ crystals. Therefore, the design approach using isomorphic tolerance space is very attractive for developing diverse isomorphic analogous organic crystals.
Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetectors and Imaging Sensors Based on Lead Chalcogenide Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Wu Zhixu , Ou Yingdong , Cai Mengqiang , Wang Yuhao , Tang Rongxin , Xia Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) are one of the next generations of ideal narrow bandgap infrared semiconductors, due to their succinct solution processing, low‐cost fabrication, size‐tunable infrared bandgap, and excellent optoelectronic properties. Tremendous efforts including synthesis methods, surface ligand engineering, and device architecture engineering, drastically contribute to the significant improvement of the performance of the photodetectors based on QDs. In recent years, with the rapid development of consumer electronics, short‐wave infrared (SWIR) imaging sensors are in urgent demand. Thanks to the flexible manipulation of the QD thin film deposition process, a variety of QD‐based imaging technologies have been studied, including single‐pixel imaging sensors, integrated imaging sensors with readout circuit, and upconversion imaging sensors, which can effectively reduce the cost of SWIR imaging sensors and promote the commercial application in the consumer electronics. Herein, recent advances of QD‐based photodetectors and imaging sensors are summarized, emphatically focusing on the synthesis of QDs, surface ligand engineering, device architecture engineering, and imaging technology.
Piezoelectric Strain Control of Terahertz Spin Current
Authors: Chaurasiya Avinash , Li Ziqi , Medwal Rohit , Gupta Surbhi , Mohan John Rex , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Asada Hironori , Chia Elbert E. M. , Rawat Rajdeep Singh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrical control of photogenerated terahertz (THz) spin current pulses from a spintronic emitter has been at the forefront for the development of scalable, cost‐efficient, wideband optospintronic devices. Artificially combined ferroelectric and ferromagnet heterostructure provides the potential avenue to deterministically control the phase of THz spin current pulse through piezoelectric strain. Here, the electric field‐mediated piezoelectric strain control of photogenerated THz spin current pulse from a multiferroic spintronic emitter is demonstrated. The phase reversal of the THz spin current pulse is obtained from the combined effect of piezoelectric strain and a small magnetic field applied opposite to the initial magnetization of the ferromagnet. The piezoelectric strain‐controlled phase switching of THz spin current thus opens a door to develop efficient strain engineered scalable on‐chip THz spintronics devices.
Highly Scalable, Sensitive and Ultraflexible Graphene‐Based Wearable E‐Textiles Sensor for Bio‐Signal Detection
Authors: Tan Sirui , Islam Md Rashedul , Li Huixuan , Fernando Anura , Afroj Shaila , Karim Nazmul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGraphene‐based wearable electronic textiles (e‐textiles) show promise for next‐generation personalized healthcare applications due to their non‐invasive nature. However, the poor performance, less comfort, and higher material cost limit their wide applications. Here a simple and scalable production method of producing graphene‐based electro‐conductive yarn that is further embroidered to realize piezoresistive sensors is reported. The multilayer structures improved the conductivity of the piezoresistive sensors, exhibiting good sensitivity with high response and recovery speed. Additionally, the potential applications of such wearable, ultraflexible and machine‐washable piezoresistive sensors as pressure and breathing sensors are demonstrated. This will be an important step toward realizing multifunctional applications of wearable e‐textiles for next‐generation personalized healthcare applications.
Bioengineered Pancreas–Liver Crosstalk in a Microfluidic Coculture Chip Identifies Human Metabolic Response Signatures in Prediabetic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Zandi Shafagh Reza , Youhanna Sonia , Keulen Jibbe , Shen Joanne X. , Taebnia Nayere , Preiss Lena C. , Klein Kathrin , Büttner Florian A. , Bergqvist Mikael , van der Wijngaart Wouter , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAberrant glucose homeostasis is the most common metabolic disturbance affecting one in ten adults worldwide. Prediabetic hyperglycemia due to dysfunctional interactions between different human tissues, including pancreas and liver, constitutes the largest risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. However, this early stage of metabolic disease has received relatively little attention. Microphysiological tissue models that emulate tissue crosstalk offer emerging opportunities to study metabolic interactions. Here, a novel modular multitissue organ‐on‐a‐chip device is presented that allows for integrated and reciprocal communication between different 3D primary human tissue cultures. Precisely controlled heterologous perfusion of each tissue chamber is achieved through a microfluidic single “synthetic heart” pneumatic actuation unit connected to multiple tissue chambers via specific configuration of microchannel resistances. On‐chip coculture experiments of organotypic primary human liver spheroids and intact primary human islets demonstrate insulin secretion and hepatic insulin response dynamics at physiological timescales upon glucose challenge. Integration of transcriptomic analyses with promoter motif activity data of 503 transcription factors reveals tissue‐specific interacting molecular networks that underlie β‐cell stress in prediabetic hyperglycemia. Interestingly, liver and islet cultures show surprising counter‐regulation of transcriptional programs, emphasizing the power of microphysiological coculture to elucidate the systems biology of metabolic crosstalk.
Atomic Level Defect Structure Engineering for Unusually High Average Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in n‐Type PbSe Rivalling PbTe
Authors: Ge Bangzhi , Lee Hyungseok , Huang Lulu , Zhou Chongjian , Wei Zhilei , Cai Bowen , Cho Sung‐Pyo , Li Jing‐Feng , Qiao Guanjun , Qin Xiaoying , Shi Zhongqi , Chung In 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRealizing high average thermoelectric figure of merit (ZTave) and power factor (PFave) has been the utmost task in thermoelectrics. Here the new strategy to independently improve constituent factors in ZT is reported, giving exceptionally high ZTave and PFave in n‐type PbSe. The nonstoichiometric, alloyed composition and resulting defect structures in new Pb1+xSe0.8Te0.2 (x = 0–0.125) system is key to this achievement. First, incorporating excess Pb unusually increases carrier mobility (µH) and concentration (nH) simultaneously in contrast to the general physics rule, thereby raising electrical conductivity (σ). Second, modifying charge scattering mechanism by the authors’ synthesis process boosts a magnitude of Seebeck coefficient (S) above theoretical expectations. Detouring the innate inverse proportionality between nH and µH; and σ and S enables independent control over them and change the typical trend of PF to temperature, giving remarkably high PFave ≈20 µW cm−1 K−2 from 300 to 823 K. The dual incorporation of Te and excess Pb generates unusual antisite Pb at the anionic site and displaced Pb from the ideal position, consequently suppressing lattice thermal conductivity. The best composition exhibits a ZTave of ≈1.2 from 400 to 823 K, one of the highest reported for all n‐type PbQ (Q = chalcogens) materials.
Enhanced Built‐in Electric Field Promotes Photocatalytic Hydrogen Performance of Polymers Derived from the Introduction of B←N Coordination Bond
Authors: Ru Chenglong , Chen Peiyan , Wu Xuan , Chen Changjuan , Zhang Jin , Zhao Hao , Wu Jincai , Pan Xiaobo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh concentrations of active carriers on the surface of a semiconductor through energy/electron transfer are the core process in the photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. However, it remains a challenge to significantly improve photocatalytic performance by modifying simple molecular modulation. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance using boron and nitrogen elements to construct B←N coordination bonds. Experimental results show that polynaphthopyridine borane (PNBN) possessing B←N coordination bonds shows a hydrogen evolution rate of 217.4 µmol h−1, which is significantly higher than that of the comparison materials 0 µmol h−1 for polyphenylnaphthalene (PNCC) and 0.66 µmol h−1 for polypyridylnaphthalene (PNNC), mainly attributed to the formation of a strong built‐in electric field that promotes the separation of photo‐generated electrons/holes. This work opens up new prospects for the design of highly efficient polymeric photocatalysts at the molecular level.
A Lightweight, Elastic, and Thermally Insulating Stealth Foam With High Infrared‐Radar Compatibility
Authors: Gu Weihua , Ong Samuel Jun Hoong , Shen Yuhong , Guo Wenyi , Fang Yiting , Ji Guangbin , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of infrared‐radar compatible materials/devices is challenging because the requirements of material properties between infrared and radar stealth are contradictory. Herein, a composite of poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated melamine foam is designed to integrate the advantages of the dual materials and the created heterogeneous interface between them. The as‐designed PEDOT:PSS@melamine composite shows excellent mechanical properties, outstanding thermal insulation, and improved thermal infrared stealth performance. The relevant superb radar stealth performance including the minimum reflection loss value of −57.57 dB, the optimum ultra‐wide bandwidth of 10.52 GHz, and the simulation of radar cross section reduction value of 17.68 dB m2, can be achieved. The optimal specific electromagnetic wave absorption performance can reach up as high as 3263.02 dB·cm3 g−1. The average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness value can be 30.80 dB. This study provides an approach for the design of high‐performance stealth materials with infrared‐radar compatibility.
Spin‐Decoupled Interference Metasurfaces for Complete Complex‐Vectorial‐Field Control and Five‐Channel Imaging
Authors: Wu Tong , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Yuehong , Chen Xieyu , Feng Xi , Niu Li , Huang Fan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLight is a complex vectorial field characterized by its amplitude, phase, and polarization properties, which can be further represented by four basic parameters, that is, amplitudes and phases of two orthogonally polarized components. Controlling these parameters simultaneously and independently at will using metasurfaces are essential in arbitrarily manipulating the light propagation. However, most of the studies so far commonly require a great number of different meta‐atoms or rely on diffraction under oblique incidence, which lack convenience and flexibility in design and implementation. Here, a new metasurface paradigm is proposed that can completely manipulate the amplitudes and phases of two spin components based on the interference effect, where only two different meta‐atoms are applied. For proof‐of‐concept demonstration, two five‐channel meta‐holograms for imaging and information encryption are designed and experimentally characterized. The interference method provides a simple route toward compact complex and multifunctional meta‐devices.
Ultra‐Thin SnOx Buffer Layer Enables High‐Efficiency Quantum Junction Photovoltaics
Authors: Jia Yuwen , Wang Haibin , Wang Yinglin , Wang Chao , Li Xiaofei , Kubo Takaya , Liu Yichun , Zhang Xintong , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed solar cells are promising for the cost‐effective, high‐throughput production of photovoltaic devices. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive candidate materials for efficient, solution‐processed solar cells, potentially realizing the broad‐spectrum light utilization and multi‐exciton generation effect for the future efficiency breakthrough of solar cells. The emerging quantum junction solar cells (QJSCs), constructed by n‐ and p‐type CQDs only, open novel avenue for all‐quantum‐dot photovoltaics with a simplified device configuration and convenient processing technology. However, the development of high‐efficiency QJSCs still faces the challenge of back carrier diffusion induced by the huge carrier density drop at the interface of CQDs and conductive glass substrate. Herein, an ultra‐thin atomic layer deposited tin oxide (SnOx) layer is employed to buffer this carrier density drop, significantly reducing the interfacial recombination and capacitance caused by the back carrier diffusion. The SnOx‐modified QJSC achieves a record‐high efficiency of 11.55% and a suppressed hysteresis factor of 0.04 in contrast with reference QJSC with an efficiency of 10.4% and hysteresis factor of 0.48. This work clarifies the critical effect of interfacial issues on the carrier recombination and hysteresis of QJSCs, and provides an effective pathway to design high‐performance all‐quantum‐dot devices.
A Bioinspired Hierarchical Fast Transport Network Boosting Electrochemical Performance of 3D Printed Electrodes
Authors: Zhao Bo , Wu Jiawen , Liang Zhiqiang , Liang Wenkai , Yang He , Li Dan , Qin Wei , Peng Meiwen , Sun Yinghui , Jiang Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrent 3D printed electrodes suffer from insufficient multiscale transport speed, which limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of 3D printed electrodes. Herein, a bioinspired hierarchical fast transport network (HFTN) in a 3D printed reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (3DP GC) electrode demonstrating superior electrochemical performance is constructed. Theoretical calculations reveal that the HFTN of the 3DP GC electrode increases the ion transport rate by more than 50 times and 36 times compared with those of the bulk GC electrode and traditional 3DP GC (T‐3DP GC) electrode, respectively. Compared with carbon paper, carbon cloth, bulk GC electrode, and T‐3DP GC electrode, the HFTN in 3DP GC electrode endows obvious advantages: i) efficient utilization of surface area for uniform catalysts dispersion during electrochemical deposition; ii) efficient utilization of catalysts enables the high mass activity of catalysts and low overpotential of electrode in electrocatalytic reaction. The cell of 3DP GC/Ni‐NiO||3DP GC/NiS2 demonstrates a low voltage of only 1.42 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 and good stability up to 20 h for water splitting in alkaline conditions, which is superior to commercialized Pt/C||RuO2. This work demonstrates great potential in developing high‐performance 3D printed electrodes for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.
Investigating Underlying Mechanisms for Nonfullerene Hybrid Bulk Heterojunctions‐Based Organic Magnetoresistance
Authors: Li Juqian , Kan Lixuan , Hu Jiaji , Tao Sheng , Pan Ruiheng , Yu Haomiao , Duan Wubiao , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are potential candidates for high‐performance organic solar cells. As a group of promising organic optoelectronic materials, it is of particular importance to further explore while establishing their novel functionalities for other critical applications such as low power consumptions and high‐speed organic spintronic devices for data storage and memories. Here, a joint of experimental and theoretical studies are performed for the magneto‐transport in PM6:Y6 and PBDB‐T: ITIC‐based prototypical nonfullerene hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) systems. Robust magnetic‐driven behaviors can be realized due to the existence of charge transfer states (CTS) for the systems. Largely stable high and low resistive states can be well achieved through a wide temperature range from 300 K to 4 K. Magneto‐responses are dealt with at different field strengths separately based on microscopically theoretical models. The interior spin dynamics lay primarily on field‐induced coherent spin mixing mechanisms. The main channels for pronounced OMR effects with negative signs stem from the triplet exciton‐polaron interaction and coulomb blockade hopping transport upon charge injection. More importantly, the polaron back transfer (PBT) turns out to be desirable for nonfullerene molecular spintronics. This study opens a new avenue for novel applications of NFAs in organic spintronics.
Modulating Quantum Interference Between Destructive and Constructive States in Double N‐Substituted Single Molecule Junctions
Authors: Chen Zi‐Zhen , Wu Shun‐Da , Lin Jin‐Liang , Chen Li‐Chuan , Cao Jing‐Jing , Shao Xiangfeng , Lambert Colin J. , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantum interference (QI) plays a crucial role in determining the charge transport in molecular devices. In this work, the efficient modulation of QI in meta‐phenylene ethylene oligomer molecular devices by a double N‐substitution strategy is demonstrated. By altering the positions of two N atoms in the central ring with respect to the connecting sites, the molecular conductance can be tuned by more than one order of magnitude. Theoretical analysis, including magic ratio theory, orbital rule, and transmission simulations, reveals how the two N atoms synergistically modulate the molecule conductance between destructive QI and constructive QI states. Remarkably, addition of a second N atom does not simple reinforce the effect of the first; in contrast, it may completely cancel the effect of the first. Understanding the complex electronic interplay between the two N atoms in double N‐substituted molecules paves a path toward utilization of heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in molecular electronics.