bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of four equine pain scales and their association to movement asymmetry in horses with induced orthopedic pain
Authors: Ask Katrina , Andersen Pia Haubro , Tamminen Lena-Mari , Rhodin Marie , Hernlund Elin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between orthopedic pain experienced at rest, and degree of movement asymmetry during trot in horses with induced reversible acute arthritis. Orthopedic pain was assessed with the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS), the Equine Utrecht University Scale of Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-FAP), the Equine Pain Scale (EPS), and the Composite Orthopedic Pain Scale (CPS). Reliability and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and area under the curve (AUC).Study design and animalsEight healthy horses were included in this experimental study, with each horse acting as its own control.MethodsOrthopedic pain was induced by intra-articular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Serial pain assessments were performed before induction and during pain progression and regression, where three observers independently and simultaneously assessed pain at rest with the four scales. Movement asymmetry was measured once before induction and a minimum of four times after induction, using objective gait analysis.ResultsOn average 6.6 (standard deviation 1.2) objective gait analyses and 12.1 (2.4) pain assessments were performed per horse. The ICC for each scale was 0.75 (CPS), 0.65 (EPS), 0.52 (HGS), and 0.43 (EQUUS-FAP). Total pain scores of all scales were significantly associated with an increase in movement asymmetry (R2values ranging from −0.0649 to 0.493); with CPS pain scores being most closely associated with movement asymmetry. AUC varied between scales and observers, and CPS was the only scale where all observers had a good diagnostic accuracy (AUC &gt; 0.72).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study identified significant associations between pain experienced at rest and degree of movement asymmetry for all scales. Pain scores obtained using CPS were most closely associated with movement asymmetry. CPS was also the most accurate and reliable pain scale. All scales had varying linear and non-linear relations between total pain scores and movement asymmetry, illustrating challenges with orthopedic pain assessment during rest in subtly lame horses since movement asymmetry needs to be rather high before total pain score increase.
Green Facile Synthesis of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Effect on Drug Release
Authors: Khatir Nadia Mahmoudi , Sabbagh Farzaneh 
Published: August 2022

Silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZANPs) were synthesized by the gelatin mediated and polymerized sol-gel method, and a calcination temperature of 700 °C was applied for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, TGA, DSC, and EDS were performed to study the structure of the prepared nano-powders. Both cubic silver and hexagonal ZnO diffraction peaks were detected in the XRD patterns. The XRD results, analyzed by the size strain plot (SSP) and Scherrer methods, showed that the crystalline sizes of these nanoparticles increased as the Ag concentration increased. The results were observed via transition electron microscopy (TEM), where the particle size of the prepared samples was increased in the presence of silver. Catechin was chosen as a drug model and was loaded into the hydrogels for release studies. The drug content percentage of catechin in the hydrogels showed a high loading of the drug, and the highest rate was 98.59 ± 2.11%, which was attributed to the Zn0.97Ag0.03O hydrogels. The swelling of the samples and in vitro release studies were performed. The results showed that Zn0.91Ag0.09O showed the highest swelling ratio (68 ± 3.40%) and, consequently, the highest release (84 ± 2.18%) within 300 min. The higher amount of silver ions in the hydrogel structure causes it to enhance the osmotic pressure of the inner structure and increases the relaxation of the structure chain.
PERLINDUNGAN DATA DALAM LAYANAN PERBANKAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI (FINTECH): KERANGKA REGULASI DI INDONESIA DAN SINGAPURA
Authors: Mutiara Upik , Hasibuan Rahmad Ramadhan , Candanni Lupita Risma 
Published: August 2022

<p>Abstrak-Sektor keuangan adalah salah satu sektor yang memiliki peran penting<br />dalam perekonomian negara dan terus berkembang sejalan dengan kebutuhan<br />masyarakatnya. Saat ini, inovasi di sektor keuangan yang dikenal sebagai<br />teknologi keuangan atau financial technology (fintech) telah menarik perhatian<br />dunia. Sebagai negara maju, perkembangan fintech di Singapura juga layak untuk<br />dilihat. Di Indonesia, lingkungan regulasi ekonomi digital ditangani oleh berbagai<br />undang-undang dan lembaga keuangan, yaitu Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan<br />Bank Indonesia (BI). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif.<br />Sumber dan tipe data yang digunakan berasal dari tinjauan literatur, bertujuan<br />untuk memberikan wawasan tentang aspek regulasi fintech dan perlindungan data<br />pribadi di Singapura dan Indonesia, dan apa yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah<br />untuk mengantisipasi dan mengatur layanan fintech yang selalu berkembang dan<br />untuk mengelola risiko perlindungan data yang lebih baik di sektor keuangan di<br />Indonesia.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: Teknologi Keuangan, Perlindungan Data, Pemerintah, Indonesia dan<br />Singapura.</p>
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, PROMOSI PADA KEPUASAN HARGA MELALUI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI RESTORAN RICHEESE FACTORY JATIWARINGIN
Authors: Nurbaniyah Vini , Tuti Meylani 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of product quality and promotion on price satisfaction through purchasing decisions at Richeese Factory Jatiwaringin. The population in this study are consumers who have made purchases more than twice and the sampling technique used is accidental sampling with a total of 201 respondents. The data analysis method used is the Structural Equation Model using Lisrel 8.7. The results showed that promotion had a significant effect on price satisfaction but product quality had no effect on price satisfaction. On the other hand, product quality has an influence on purchasing decisions and vice versa promotion has no effect on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, price satisfaction has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan promosi pada kepuasan harga melalui keputusan pembelian di Richeese Factory Jatiwaringin. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang sudah melakukan pembelian lebih dari dua kali dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 201 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Model dengan menggunakan Lisrel 8.7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa promosi memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada kepuasan harga namun kualitas produk tidak memiliki pengaruh pada kepuasan harga. Di sisi lain, kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh pada keputusan pembelian dan sebaliknya promosi tidak berpenga- ruh pada keputusan pembelian. Sementara itu, kepuasan harga berpengaruh signifikan pada keputusan pembelian.
Gender-based violence during COVID-19 lockdown: case study of a community in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Zechariah Wada Ojima , Bamidele Olawade David , Opeyemi Amusa Aminat , Oluwadamisi Moses Jedidah , Jessica Eteng Glory 
Published: August 2022

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) has been identified to be one of the ripple effects of the global pandemic. In countries like Nigeria, the situation is hypothesized to be worse because of widespread poverty and gender inequalities.
Objective: To examine the exposure of females to GBV during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 lockdown.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a low-income community in Lagos. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 130 respondents selected via systematic random sampling.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 26.89 ± 8.67 years. Majority worked informal jobs, while only 50% had attained beyond primary education. Within the period, the respondents had been subjected to sexual (54.6%), physical (52.3%), verbal assault (41.5%), and online sexual harassment (45.4%); of which only 30% reported to the police. Furthermore, respondents subjected to sexual (p=0.004) and physical assault (p=0.032) during the period earned significantly less money than other respondents.
Conclusion: The fact that over 1 out of every 2 females was subjected to at least one form of GBV within the short timeframe shows how unsafe girls and women in low-income communities are. This calls for proactive community-level interventions to curb the GBV menace.
Keywords: Gender-based violence; COVID-19; women; girls; assault.
Perspectives on HIV Self-Testing Among Key and Affected Populations in Kenya
Authors: R Sircar Neiloy , A Maleche Allan 
Published: August 2022

Background: Kenya’s Key and Affected Populations (KAP) – men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers, people who inject drugs (PWID), and young women aged 18-24 – often experience stigma and discrimination in Kenyan health care settings due to their identity and/or behaviors, which can deter facility-based testing for HIV. Kenya has promoted self-testing as a means to reach these communities.
Objectives: To identify KAP perspectives on self-testing and place our findings within Kenya’s human rights and legal context.
Methods: We conducted 4 focus group discussions (FGD) and 16 in-depth interviews (IDI). One FGD was conducted with each of the following communities: MSM, female sex workers, PWID, and young women aged 18-24. 1-4 IDI were conducted with each KAP community, and 1-3 IDI were conducted with health professionals working on HIV care in each study site. The semi-structured question guideline included one question soliciting opinions on self-testing.
Results: KAP support self-testing in concept, however prevailing concerns among participants included access to pre- and posttest counseling services, as well as risk for harms (self-inflicted and otherwise) that might result from a positive result.
Conclusion: Kenya should ensure that human rights are promoted and respected through implementing rights-based policies and practices for HIV self-testing, including pre- and post-test counseling.
Keywords: Human Rights; HIV; Voluntary Counselling; Testing.
Determinants of the decision to incision interval in case of emergency caesarean section in Yaoundé’ hospitals
Authors: Marie Tebeu Pierre , Nzentem Tchamte Christian , Kamgaing Nelly , Saint Saba Antaon Jesse , Nkene Mawamba Yvette 
Published: August 2022

Objectiv: To analyze the determinants of the decision to incision interval in case of emergency caesarean section in Yaoundé’ hospitals
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional (affected / non-affected) study was conducted in four hospitals in Yaoundé between January and may 2017 after National Ethical Committee approval. The target population was women who benefited from emergency caesarean section during the study period. Crude Odds Ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval was used to appreciate the association between several characteristics and the risk for long decision-incision delay.
Results:The overall cases of 165 emergency caesarean section were analyzed. The prevalence of emergency caesarean section performed within 30 minutes was 20%. Social factors associated with long delay to perform the emergency Caesarean section (> 30 minutes) were the primary level of education [ AOR: 3.63(2.44-5.41)], unemployment status [AOR: 5.17(2.95-8.95)]; and the absence of a parent at admission [AOR: 2.2(1.23-3.94)]. Medical factors associated with long delay from decision to incision were: use of spinal anesthesia in opposition to general anesthesia [AOR: 3.86(2.59-5.73)]; delay of transfer from emergency and the late provision of the operation supplies [AOR: 4.18(2.90-6.03)].
Conclusion: Few women benefit from the surgical intervention within a maximum of 30 minutes. Support measures for women presenting the indications for emergency caesarean sections in hospitals are essential to improve the decision-incision delay of the caesarean section emergency.
Keywords: Determinant; Decision; Emergency; Caesarean Section.
Exclusive breast-feeding in the first six months: findings from a cross-sectional survey in Mulago hospital, Uganda
Authors: E Otim Michael , Kasirye Omagino Elizabeth , Almarzouqi Amina , A Rahman Syed , D Asante Augustine 
Published: August 2022

Background: Improving maternal and child health, one of the key UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Exclusive breast-feeding contributes significantly to child survival and development, but many mothers in Africa do not exclusively breastfeed their infants. This paper reports a study in Mulago hospital in Kampala. The study aims to identify factors influencing mothers’ choices of infant feeding practices.
Methods: Mixed methods were used. Respondents included 362 lactating mothers and health workers. Participants were who came for treatment were selected using simple random sampling. EpiInfor and SPSS were used for analysing the data and presented as descriptive study.
Results: Results indicate that socio-demographic factors including age and education level influence mothers’ ability and willingness to breastfeed exclusively for the first six months. Awareness about breast-feeding was mainly obtained from health centres, leaving mothers unable to attend these centres to miss out on vital information about exclusive breast-feeding. Around 43% of health workers were unaware of the country’s Young and Infant Feeding Policy Guidelines.
Conclusions: To increase the rate of exclusive breast-feeding in Uganda, it is important that community health is strengthened, and health workers are trained on national breast-feeding policies.
Keywords: Child Health; Mothers; Breastfeeding.
Intravenous cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers: a literature review to guide the training and practice in Zambia
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Musoko Kayembe Raphael , Maimbo Sichone James 
Published: August 2022

Background: There has been a demand for radiographers in Zambia to perform intravenous (IV) cannulation and administration of contrast media, a role which, traditionally, was radiologists’. This demand is due to a shortage of radiologists and an increase in demand for imaging examinations. This review aimed at synthesising relevant literature related to IV cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers to guide the training and practice in Zambia.
Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in three online databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect), radiography journals, and cited references to identify research studies on IV cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers.
Results: Seven studies were identified and included in this review. The findings are summarised under six themes: benefits and challenges, adoption of the extended role, infection control, safety and complications, medico-legal issues, and education and training. Our findings revealed that radiographer-led IV cannulation and administration of contrast media contribute positively to the management of imaging patients.
Conclusion: The themes identified in this review could provide a template of where to base the establishment of the training programme and local guidelines. Before extending the role of radiographers, the scope of practice should be extended, and accredited training programme and local guidelines should be put in place.
Keywords: Contrast media; intravenous cannulation; radiographer; radiologist; Zambia.
A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and its Determinants among Urban and Rural Community Residents in Ogun State
Authors: Soyannwo T. , Osinubi M.O. , Abdulsalam A. , Ahmed A.K. , Imhonopi G.B. , Adebisi O.I. , Ajadi O.R. , Mohammed S.N. , Erinoso M.A. , Alausa K.O. 
Published: August 2022

Background: The success of any COVID-19 vaccination programme will depend on public willingness to receive the vaccination. This is important to tailor public health messaging appropriately. This study aimed to determine and compare COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and factors influencing it among rural and urban community members in Ogun State.Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study. Multistage sampling technique was utilized to select 404 and 396 adult residents from the urban and rural communities, respectively. Data collection was by structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Level of significance was set at p<5%.Results: More respondents in urban area 186 (46.0%) were willing to accept COVID-19 vaccine compared to rural respondents 90 (22.7%) (p<0.001). Acceptance that COVID-19 is real (AOR=2.98; 95%CI=1.61-5.51 p<0.001) versus (AOR=2.17; 95CI=1.06- 4.44 p=0.035) predicted acceptability in both urban and rural areas, respectively. In urban area, being a male (AOR=1.58; 95%CI=1.02-2.44 p=0.041) while in rural area, completion of immunization (AOR=3.47; 95%CI=1.79-6.72 p<0.001) and fair perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 (AOR=3.05; 95CI:1.55-6.01 p= 0.001) were predictors of acceptability.Conclusion: The study showed there was overall poor acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine among urban and rural residents. Urban residents were more likely to accept the vaccines compared to rural residents. Therefore, government should do more in terms of health education and promotion for a right attitude to COVID-19 vaccination.
Conteúdo e forma da escola na perspectiva dos estudantes
Authors: Dalmagro Sandra Luciana 
Published: August 2022

O artigo relaciona a forma escolar, tal como definida na literatura, com a percepção dos estudantes quanto à organização do trabalho escolar e pedagógico. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em três escolas portuguesas com características diferenciadas entre si: duas de perfil tradicional sendo uma de localização periférica e outra voltada a setores sociais elitizados. Uma terceira escola foi selecionada por adotar métodos inovadores. Realizamos observações nas turmas, grupos focais com estudantes e entrevistas com docentes. O suporte teórico advém das perspectivas críticas, sobretudo Enguita (1989), o qual destaca o isomorfismo entre sociedade e escola burguesa. As escolas de perfil tradicional foram objeto de críticas pelos estudantes. A de periferia revela a formação para inserção social precária e um cunho assistencial, enquanto a escola voltada às elites mostrou-se mais enrijecida em seus métodos, sofrendo grande rejeição estudantil. Aquela com proposta pedagógica inovadora alcança algumas mudanças na forma escolar e atrai o interesse e o envolvimento dos estudantes. Concluímos que a escola precisa ser transformada radicalmente em seu conteúdo e forma para estar em sintonia com as novas gerações e os desafios da sociedade atual, mas o conjunto social igualmente precisa ser revolucionado pois, no limite, é este que modula o conteúdo, a forma e os sentidos que os sujeitos imprimem à escola.
Nuclear ribosomal phylogeny of Brachystegia: new markers for new insights about rain forests and Miombo woodlands evolution
Authors: Boom Arthur F. , Migliore Jérémy , Kaymak Esra , Meerts Pierre , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: August 2022

Background and aims – Brachystegia is a species-rich tree genus found in tropical Africa and a typical element of Miombo woodlands, a widely distributed subtype of the Zambezian savanna. Plastid DNA was shown to be largely uninformative to assess species phylogenetic relationships due to widespread chloroplast capture among species. Here, we aim to assess the capacity of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to clarify the phylogeny of Brachystegia species while accounting for intra-individual site polymorphisms (2ISPs), which are often present in rDNA and potentially phylogenetically informative.
Material and methods – Genome skimming sequencing on 47 samples representing 27 of the 29 currently recognized Brachystegia species, allowed us to retrieve complete nuclear ribosomal cistrons encoding for 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNA genes (35S rDNA). We reconstructed the Brachystegia phylogeny using Maximum Likelihood methods based on the standard substitution model or integrating 2ISPs (GENOTYPE implementation in RAxML-NG). We additionally tested the effect of partitioning the data (one partition for rDNA genes and one for the ITS1+ITS2). We also conducted network inferences (Neighbor-Net splits graph), as a strict bifurcative approach might not properly model topological uncertainty at shallow phylogenetic depth.
Key results – 2ISPs-aware and standard phylogenetic reconstructions are largely congruent. We identified several well-supported main clades clarifying the species relationships, including two clades of Miombo woodlands species. Miombo Group A includes species with ovoid to globose axillary dormant buds, while Miombo Group B species have flattened ones. Two morphologically close Brachystegia species (B. kennedyi and B. leonensis) found in Guineo-Congolian rain forests form also a robustly supported clade. 2ISPs coding allowed to identify an additional Guineo-Congolian clade (B. eurycoma and B. nigerica). Ribosomal DNA therefore proves more useful to explore the generic phylogeny than plastid DNA but the species relationships within and among the main clades remain poorly resolved, probably due to recent diversification and/or recurrent hybridization, so that the diversification of Brachystegia remains to be more properly characterised.
Conclusion – Nuclear and plastid phylogenetic reconstructions of Brachystegia species are discordant. Even if not well-resolved, rDNA phylograms and networks are characterized by taxonomic sorting, while we observe a strictly geographic sorting in the plastid dataset. Most of the species’ relationships remain to be characterized using additional nuclear markers combined with in-depth morphological investigations.