bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal age at birth and child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: causal association or familial confounding?
Authors: Baker Brennan H. , Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Park Junghoon , Cha Jiook , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Posner Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCausal explanations for the association of young motherhood with increased risk for child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear.MethodsThe ABCD Study recruited 11,878 youth from 22 sites across the United States between June 1, 2016 and October 15, 2018. This cross‐sectional analysis of 8,514 children aged 8–11 years excluded 2,260 twins/triplets, 265 adopted children, and 839 younger siblings. We examined associations of maternal age with ADHD clinical range diagnoses based on the Child Behavior Checklist and NIH Toolbox Flanker Attention Scores using mixed logistic and linear regression models, respectively. We conducted confounding and causal mediation analyses using genotype array, demographic, socioeconomic, and prenatal environment data to investigate which genetic and environmental variables may explain the association between young maternal age and child ADHD.ResultsIn crude models, each 10‐year increase in maternal age was associated with 32% decreased odds of ADHD clinical range diagnosis (OR = 0.68; 95% CI [0.59, 0.78]) and 1.09‐points increased NIH Flanker Attention Scores (β = 1.09; 95% CI [0.76, 1.41]), indicating better child visual selective attention. However, adjustment for confounders weakened these associations. The strongest confounders were family income, caregiver education, and ADHD polygenic risk score for ADHD clinical range diagnoses, and family income, caregiver education, and race/ethnicity for NIH Flanker Attention Scores. Breastfeeding duration, prenatal alcohol exposure, and prenatal tobacco exposure were responsible for up to 18%, 6%, and 4% mediation, respectively.ConclusionsSocioeconomic disadvantages were likely the primary explanation for the association of young maternal age with child ADHD, although genetics and modifiable environmental factors also played a role. Public policies aimed at reducing the burden of ADHD associated with young motherhood should target socioeconomic inequalities and support young pregnant women by advocating for reduced prenatal tobacco exposure and healthy breastfeeding practices after childbirth.
Explaining the influence of non‐shared environment (NSE) on symptoms of behaviour problems from preschool to adulthood: mind the missing NSE gap
Authors: Gidziela Agnieszka , Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili , McMillan Andrew , Ronald Angelica , Viding Essi , Pike Alison , Asbury Kathryn , Eley Thalia C. , von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIndividual differences in symptoms of behaviour problems in childhood and adolescence are not primarily due to nature or nurture – another substantial source of variance is non‐shared environment (NSE). However, few specific environmental factors have been found to account for these NSE estimates. This creates a ‘missing NSE' gap analogous to the ‘missing heritability’ gap, which refers to the shortfall in identifying DNA differences responsible for heritability. We assessed the extent to which variance in behaviour problem symptoms during the first two decades of life can be accounted for by measured NSE effects after controlling for genetics and shared environment.MethodsThe sample included 4,039 pairs of twins in the Twins Early Development Study whose environments and symptoms of behaviour problems were assessed in preschool, childhood, adolescence and early adulthood via parent, teacher and self‐reports. Twin‐specific environments were assessed via parent‐reports, including early life adversity, parental feelings, parental discipline and classroom environment. Multivariate longitudinal twin model‐fitting was employed to estimate the variance in behaviour problem symptoms at each age that could be predicted by environmental measures at the previous age.ResultsOn average across childhood, adolescence and adulthood, parent‐rated NSE composite measures accounted for 3.4% of the reliable NSE variance (1.0% of the total variance) in parent‐rated, symptoms of behaviour problems, 0.5% (0.1%) in teacher‐rated symptoms and 0.9% (0.5%) in self‐rated symptoms after controlling for genetics, shared environment and error of measurement. Cumulatively across development, our parent‐rated NSE measures in preschool, childhood and adolescence predicted 4.7% of the NSE variance (2.0% of the total variance) in parent‐rated and 0.3% (0.2%) in self‐rated behaviour problem symptoms in adulthood.ConclusionsThe missing NSE gap between variance explained by measured environments and total NSE variance is large. Home and classroom environments are more likely to influence behaviour problem symptoms via genetics than via NSE.
Post‐colonoscopy cancer rate at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia: A data linkage analysis
Authors: Lamba Mehul , Khaing Myat Myat , Ma Xiaomin , Ryan Kimberley , Appleyard Mark , Leggett Barbara , Grimpen Florian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed following a cancer‐negative colonoscopy is termed as post‐colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC). The World Endoscopy Organization has recently standardized the definition of PCCRC‐3Y (CRC developing within 3 years of a cancer‐negative colonoscopy). In the present study, we sought to assess PCCRC‐3Y rate, perform root‐cause analyses, and identify factors associated with development of PCCRC at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia.MethodsAll patients undergoing colonoscopy from 2011 to 2018 were matched to a population‐based cancer register. PCCRC‐3Y rate was assessed for years 2011–2015. All PCCRC cases that developed within 6–48 months after a cancer‐negative colonoscopy underwent root‐cause analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.ResultsAmong 17 828 patients undergoing colonoscopy, 367 CRC cases were diagnosed during the study period. This included nine PCCRC cases, which developed at a median of 14 months (range 7–34 months) after cancer‐negative colonoscopy. The PCCRC‐3Y rate for years 2011–2015 was 2.16% (95% CI 0.91–5.15). All nine PCCRC cases were moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas; seven of nine were early‐stage CRC (stages I and II) and six of nine probably represented missed lesions at index colonoscopy despite an apparently adequate examination. History of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (odds ratio [OR] 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6–103.7, P < 0.001) and diverticulosis (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.4–20.5, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with development of missed CRC.ConclusionsIn our tertiary referral colonoscopy cohort, PCCRC‐3Y rate was 2.16% (95% CI 0.91–5.15). IBD and diverticulosis were significantly associated with risk of PCCRC. The majority of PCCRC lesions were likely missed at index colonoscopy, despite an apparently adequate examination.
Applying sunscreen SPF 50 with high antioxidant capacity during fifteen days improves the dermis echogenicity and reduces the reddish skin undertone
Authors: Infante Victor Hugo Pacagnelli , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOf the many effects induced by UV radiation on the skin, erythema is one of the most well‐known features, which is a cutaneous inflammatory reaction correlated with acute photodamage. The utilization of sunscreen may reduce this process.AimsTo evaluate the utilization of a sunscreen SPF50 with high antioxidant capacity during 15 days by young men without photoprotection habits.MethodsFor this, we evaluated erythema, skin hydration properties, and dermis echogenicity using skin imaging techniques. Forty male participants (aged between 18 and 28 years old), 36 without previous photoprotection habits, were recruited, and the erythema was evaluated using a visual score and skin colorimeter. Macroscopic images (VivaCam®) were also obtained. Dermis echogenicity was evaluated using high‐frequency ultrasonography. All the participants received a sunscreen SPF 50 to use for 15 days.ResultsThe visual score presented a strong correlation (r = 0.8657) with the colorimeter results. Visually and using the biophysical methodologies was possible to observe the reduction of the visual erythema. The dermis echogenicity also improved, probably correlated with the acute inflammation reduction. No alterations were observed in the skin hydration and skin barrier parameters.ConclusionsThe utilization of complementary and correlated different skin biophysical and imaging techniques in this study allows a better comprehension regarding the skin early photoaging process due the direct sun exposure. The utilization with a SPF 50 sunscreen with high antioxidant potential allows for a reduction in the erythema after 15 days of usage, a quick result, however, did not improved the skin barrier or SC hydration.
Patients' experiences with a welfare technology application for remote home care: A longitudinal study
Authors: Oelschlägel Lina , Christensen Vivi L. , Moen Anne , Heggdal Kristin , Österlind Jane , Dihle Alfhild , Steindal Simen A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the longitudinal experiences using an application named remote home care for remote palliative care among patients with cancer living at home.BackgroundIntroducing welfare technology in home‐based care for patients with cancer in the palliative phase is internationally suggested as a measure to remotely support palliative care needs. However, little is known about the experiences of patients utilising welfare technology applications to receive home‐based care from healthcare professionals in a community care context. Although living with cancer in the palliative phase often presents rapidly changing ailments, emotions and challenges with patients' needs changing accordingly, no studies exploring the longitudinal experiences of patients were found.DesignA qualitative study with a longitudinal, exploratory design.MethodsData were collected through individual interviews with 11 patients over 16 weeks. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist guided the reporting of the study.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) potential to facilitate self‐governance of life‐limiting illness in daily life, (2) need for interpersonal relationships and connections, and (3) experiences of increased responsibility and unclear utility of the Remote Home Care.ConclusionThe results showed that remote home care facilitated patients' daily routines, symptom control and improved illness‐management at home. Interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals were considered pivotal for satisfactory follow‐up. Infrastructural glitches regarding data access, information sharing and lack of continuous adjustments of the application represented major challenges, with the potential to impose a burden on patients with cancer in the palliative phase.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBy exploring the experiences of patients in palliative care over time as the disease progresses, this study provides constructive insights for the design and development of welfare technology applications and optimal care strategies.Patient or Public ContributionThe remote home care was developed by interdisciplinary healthcare professionals.
Relational Health as a Pathway from Trauma to Flourishing in School Communities
Authors: Whitaker Robert C. , Herman Allison N. , Dearth‐Wesley Tracy 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBecause traumatic life experiences are common, teaching and learning can be difficult without recognizing how trauma can make people feel psychologically unsafe. Safety can be restored through healthy relationships.CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORYWe present a framework for how relational health—the capacity to develop and maintain safe, stable, and nurturing relationships with others—may allow flourishing in school communities, even amidst past and ongoing adversity. We propose four key assets for relational health—awareness of self, acceptance of self, awareness of others, and acceptance of others. To support this framework, we developed a relational asset score using data from a survey of 214 early childhood education professionals and examined its association with meaningful work, purpose in life, work satisfaction, and intention to stay in one's program.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTHSchool health requires relational health. Research should evaluate the associations between relational assets and the perceptions of safety and connection in school communities. Leadership can prioritize relational health by supporting staff in building and using their relational assets.CONCLUSIONSSchool communities may be more likely to flourish, even amidst adversity, if all adults in the community prioritize relational health, which provides the psychological safety required for teaching and learning.
Judgement of sleep quality of the previous night changes as the day unfolds: A prospective experience sampling study
Authors: Tang Nicole K. Y. , Banks Ptolemy D. W. , Sanborn Adam N. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryHow we form judgements of sleep quality is poorly understood. Emerging literature suggests that people infer their sleep quality based on multiple sources of accessible information, raising the possibility that sleep quality judgement may evolve as new relevant information becomes available. This study investigated whether people's rating of sleep quality of the night before changes throughout the following day, and what post‐sleep factors are associated with the changes. A prospective experience sampling study of 119 healthy young adults, who completed eight short online surveys interspaced 2 hr apart from 08:00 hours to 22:00 hours. Each survey asked the participants to report total sleep time and sleep quality of the night before, and to provide ratings of current mood, physical and social activity, and pain/discomfort. A memory test was added to the final survey of the day to measure the participants' recall of their first survey responses to sleep quality, as well as total sleep time and mood. The absolute majority (91.1%) of the participants had one or more change in their sleep quality rating across the eight surveys. A similar percentage of change was found for mood rating (100%) but not total sleep time report (20.5%). Memory test in the final survey revealed that the within‐person variations in sleep quality rating were not simply memory errors. Instead, positive physical activity post‐sleep predicted increases in sleep quality rating. Therefore, judgement of sleep quality of the night before changes as the day unfolds, and post‐sleep information can be used by people to infer their sleep quality.
Sleep deficiency, operational fatigue and the interplay of compromising factors: Analysis to aid in fatigue management
Authors: Jameson Jason T. , Markwald Rachel R. , Kubala Andrew G. , Roma Peter G. , Biggs Adam T. , Lai Kevin , Russell Dale W. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe United States Navy is a high‐reliability organization that must maintain optimum performance under challenging conditions. One key challenge for sailors is obtaining sufficient sleep, which can lead to fatigue and other outcomes that compromise operational readiness. Identifying sleep issues and their causes is critical for military leaders to care for their personnel, and to make informed, risk‐based operational decisions. Though previous studies in shipboard environments have implicated factors responsible for insufficient sleep (e.g. poor sleep environment and work demands), there has been less research into characterizing the complex interplay among such factors in relation to sleep and work‐related fatigue outcomes. This study seeks to address this gap. Data were drawn from the Afloat Safety Climate Assessment Survey of 7617 sailors from 73 ships. The survey included demographic characteristics and measures of crew endurance (e.g. sleep, occupational impairment due to fatigue). Descriptive analyses characterized the presence and severity of sleep issues across subpopulations and operational settings (e.g. the type of ship); structural equation modelling techniques characterized and quantified the statistical associations among factors. The results indicate that sleep deficits are widespread, holding across subpopulations and operational settings. Though sleep deficits varied across subpopulations, no group obtained an average of more than 7 hr of sleep per night. Fatigue‐induced occupational functional impairment was directly related to sleep deficiency, and sleep environment and job‐related factors were contributors to sleep deficiency. Moreover, job‐related factors emerged as potentially more consequential. Lastly, factors may exist aboard a ship that could help promote better sleep.
Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ling Jiying , Chen Sisi , Zahry Nagwan R. , Kao Tsui‐Sui Annie 
Published: November 2022

SummaryTo update existing literature and fill the gap in meta‐analyses, this meta‐analysis quantitatively evaluated the worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood overweight and obesity in comparison with healthy weight. The literature search in eight databases produced 7756 records. After literature screening, 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. The increased annual total medical costs were $237.55 per capita attributable to childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity caused a per capita increase of $56.52, $14.27, $46.38, and $1975.06 for costs in nonhospital healthcare, outpatient visits, medication, and hospitalization, respectively. Length of hospital stays increased by 0.28 days. Annual direct and indirect costs were projected to be $13.62 billion and $49.02 billion by 2050. Childhood obesity ascribed to much higher increased healthcare costs than overweight. During childhood, the direct medical expenditures were higher for males than for females, but, once reaching adulthood, the expenditures were higher for females. Overall, the lifetime costs attributable to childhood overweight and obesity were higher in males than in females, and childhood overweight and obesity resulted in much higher indirect costs than direct healthcare costs. Given the increased economic burden, additional efforts and resources should be allocated to support sustainable and scalable childhood obesity programs.
Relationship between CIED extent of displacement toward the shoulder while in the supine position and shoulder impairment
Authors: Cosgun Muharrem Said , Cosgun Cansu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDevice‐related shoulder impairment is a common complication in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) recipients. This study examined the relationship between the extent of device displacement toward the shoulder while in the supine position and ipsilateral shoulder impairment.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 142 consecutive patients with CIEDs. The effects of the extent of device displacement on functional limitations, muscle strength, pain–disability, and quality of life were evaluated. Range of motion (ROM), grip strength (GS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the 36‐item Short‐Form (SF‐36) Health Survey were used.ResultsThe mean device displacement was greater in patients with than without device‐related shoulder impairment (51 ± 19 vs. 38 ± 15 mm; p < .001). Female gender (p = .046), high body mass index (p = .008), and defibrillator implantation (p = .004) were significantly more frequent in patients with than without impairment. Patients with excessive device displacement had significantly higher ROM limitation rates (p = .003) and SPADI scores (p = .02) and significantly lower GS (p = .04) and SF‐36 scores (p = .032). Defibrillator implantation (OR: 2.569, 95% CI: 1.216–4.681; p = .03) and the extent of device displacement (OR: 1.502, 95% CI: 1.186–1.852; p = .01) were independent predictors of shoulder impairment.ConclusionsExcessive displacement of the device toward the shoulder while in the supine position causes shoulder impairment by contacting more muscle fibers. Obese female patients with defibrillators have the highest risk.
Instagram, risky drinking and main health effects in Spanish adolescents in the COVID‐19 pandemic. A qualitative study
Authors: Tarriño‐Concejero Lorena , de Diego‐Cordero Rocio , García‐Carpintero Muñoz Mª Ángeles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Instagram, alcohol consumption and the impact on adolescent health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Design and sampleA qualitative study was carried out with 13 focus groups, involving 38 interviews. The fieldwork was conducted between January and December 2021 using a semi‐structured script with three main categories. The research was carried out by a team specialized in adolescent risks and qualitative research.ResultsThree main categories were established: (1) The COVID‐19 pandemic, Instagram and Risky Drinking, (2) Risk prevention and control strategies and (3) Effects on health. The participants (n = 118) reported greater alcohol consumption among Instagram users, either because this social media platform was used to spread the practice of alcohol consumption, or because they were affected by the content posted by digital marketers, Instagrammers, and/or contacts on Instagram. More than half of the sample (67.8%) had health problems (loss of control, headaches, difficulty in breathing, trembling, anxiety attacks, vomiting, tiredness, blackouts, and absence seizures), of whom 35% required urgent attention from their parents and/or the health services.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to prevent risky drinking related to the use of social networking sites (SNSs) and its main health effects.
Systematic review to compare the outcomes associated with the modalities of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) versus high‐flux hemodialysis and/or hemodiafiltration (HDF) in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD)
Authors: Mitchell Catherine R. , Hornig Carsten , Canaud Bernard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review was performed to identify recent published comparative evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) versus high‐flux HD and/or hemodiafiltration (HDF) for long‐term outcomes in end‐stage kidney disease.MethodsSystematic literature review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Medline, Medline® Epub Ahead of Print, EconLit, Embase, and EBM reviews were searched to identify relevant publications from 2013 onwards. Eligibility criteria included clinical studies reporting mortality, hospitalizations, cardiovascular outcomes, economic evaluations, cost studies, and quality of life (QoL) studies.ResultsA total of 79 relevant studies were identified with 29 prioritized for detailed analysis; four compared HDx to HD, one compared HDF and HDx, and 24 compared HDF with HD. A total of 13 randomized controlled trial (RCT)‐based studies were identified; 11 compared HDF with HD, one compared HDx with HD, and one compared HDF with HDx. Follow‐up duration ranged from 16 weeks to 7 years for HDF studies and from 12 weeks to 1 year for HDx studies. HDF showed significant improvements in mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalizations, and QoL versus high‐flux HD. One study reported mortality outcomes for HDx and found no difference versus HDF. QoL benefits with HDx were reported in a small number of studies.ConclusionThe efficacy and safety of HDF is supported by a robust evidence base that includes several RCTs. While HDx may offer benefits over high‐flux HD, long‐term studies are required to compare HDx with online high volume HDF.RegistrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301009.