bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S1PR1 induces metabolic reprogramming of ceramide in vascular endothelial cells, affecting hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis and progression
Authors: Wang Xuehong , Qiu Zhidong , Dong Wei , Yang Zebin , Wang Junnan , Xu Hailiang , Sun Tian , Huang Zhaoquan , Jin Junfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAngiogenesis is a fundamental process underlying the occurrence, growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent tumour type with an extremely poor prognosis due to abundant vasculature. However, the underlying mechanism of angiogenesis in HCC remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays an important role in HCC angiogenesis. S1PR1 was found to be selectively and highly expressed in the blood vessels of HCC tissues compared with those of paratumour tissues. Functionally, high expression of S1PR1 in endothelial cells (ECs) promoted angiogenesis and progression of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, proangiogenic factors (S1P, IL-6, VEGFA) in conditioned medium from HCC cells induced the upregulation of S1PR1 in ECs via the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705. Further study also revealed that S1PR1 promotes angiogenesis by decreasing ceramide levels via CerS3 downregulation. Interestingly, we demonstrated that S1PR1 downregulates CerS3 by inducing CerS6 translocation into the nucleus to inhibit CerS3 at the transcriptional level in ECs. In addition, we found that a high concentration of Lenvatinib significantly downregulated the expression of S1PR1 and obviously enhanced S1PR1 knockdown-mediated angiogenesis inhibition, indicating that S1PR1 may be a target by which Lenvatinib combats angiogenesis in HCC. Thus, S1PR1 may be an important target for suppressing angiogenesis in HCC, and inhibiting S1PR1 is a promising approach to antitumor therapy in HCC.
Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity
Authors: Xiong Xiwen , Yang Chenyan , He Wei-Qi , Yu Jiahui , Xin Yue , Zhang Xinge , Huang Rong , Ma Honghui , Xu Shaofang , Li Zun , Ma Jie , Xu Lin , Wang Qunyi , Ren Kaiqun , Wu Xiaoli S. , Vakoc Christopher R. , Zhong Jiateng , Zhong Genshen , Zhu Xiaofei , Song Yu , Ruan Hai-Bin , Wang Qingzhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynamic regulation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation is crucial for both homeostasis and the response to helminth infection. SIRT6 belongs to the NAD+-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Here, we report that IEC Sirt6 deletion leads to impaired tuft cell development and type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection, thereby resulting in compromised worm expulsion. Conversely, after helminth infection, IEC SIRT6 transgenic mice exhibit enhanced epithelial remodeling process and more efficient worm clearance. Mechanistically, Sirt6 ablation causes elevated Socs3 expression, and subsequently attenuated tyrosine 641 phosphorylation of STAT6 in IECs. Notably, intestinal epithelial overexpression of constitutively activated STAT6 (STAT6vt) in mice is sufficient to induce the expansion of tuft and goblet cell linage. Furthermore, epithelial STAT6vt overexpression remarkedly reverses the defects in intestinal epithelial remodeling caused by Sirt6 ablation. Our results reveal a novel function of SIRT6 in regulating intestinal epithelial remodeling and mucosal type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection.
Multiplexed mobilization and expression of biosynthetic gene clusters
Authors: Libis Vincent , MacIntyre Logan W. , Mehmood Rabia , Guerrero Liliana , Ternei Melinda A. , Antonovsky Niv , Burian Ján , Wang Zongqiang , Brady Sean F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBacterial genomes contain large reservoirs of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are predicted to encode unexplored natural products. Heterologous expression of previously unstudied BGCs should facilitate the discovery of additional therapeutically relevant bioactive molecules from bacterial culture collections, but the large-scale manipulation of BGCs remains cumbersome. Here, we describe a method to parallelize the identification, mobilization and heterologous expression of BGCs. Our solution simultaneously captures large numbers of BGCs by cloning the genomes of a strain collection in a large-insert library and uses the CONKAT-seq (co-occurrence network analysis of targeted sequences) sequencing pipeline to efficiently localize clones carrying intact BGCs which represent candidates for heterologous expression. Our discovery of several natural products, including an antibiotic that is active against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrates the potential of leveraging economies of scale with this approach to systematically interrogate cryptic BGCs contained in strain collections.
Controllable synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer films for ultrasensitive detection of chemical warfare agents
Authors: Mo Wanqi , Zhu Zihao , Kong Fanwei , Li Xiaobai , Chen Yu , Liu Huaqian , Cheng Zhiyong , Ma Hongwei , Li Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNerve agents, one of the most toxic chemical warfare agents, seriously threaten human life and public security. The high toxicity of nerve agents makes the development of fluorescence sensors with suitable limit of detection challenging. Here, we propose a sensor design based on a conjugated microporous polymer film for the detection of diethyl chlorophosphate, a substitute of Sarin, with low detection limit of 2.5 ppt. This is due to the synergy of the susceptible on-off effect of hybridization and de-hybridization of hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) materials and the microporous structure of CMP films facilitating the inward diffusion of DCP vapors, and the extended π-conjugated structure. This strategy provides a new idea for the future development of gas sensors. In addition, a portable sensor is successfully integrated based on TCzP-CMP films that enables wireless, remote, ultrasensitive, and real-time detection of DCP vapors.
Deglacial Subantarctic CO2 outgassing driven by a weakened solubility pump
Authors: Dai Yuhao , Yu Jimin , Ren Haojia , Ji Xuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Subantarctic Southern Ocean has long been thought to be an important contributor to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) during glacial-interglacial transitions. Extensive studies suggest that a weakened biological pump, a process associated with nutrient utilization efficiency, drove up surface-water pCO2 in this region during deglaciations. By contrast, regional influences of the solubility pump, a process mainly linked to temperature variations, have been largely overlooked. Here, we evaluate relative roles of the biological and solubility pumps in determining surface-water pCO2 variabilities in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean during the last deglaciation, based on paired reconstructions of surface-water pCO2, temperature, and nutrient utilization efficiency. We show that compared to the biological pump, the solubility pump imposed a strong impact on deglacial Subantarctic surface-water pCO2 variabilities. Our findings therefore reveal a previously underappreciated role of the solubility pump in modulating deglacial Subantarctic CO2 release and possibly past atmospheric pCO2 fluctuations.
Ultrafast and hypersensitive phase imaging of propagating internodal current flows in myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses in dielectrics
Authors: Zhang Yide , Shen Binglin , Wu Tong , Zhao Jerry , Jing Joseph C. , Wang Peng , Sasaki-Capela Kanomi , Dunphy William G. , Garrett David , Maslov Konstantin , Wang Weiwei , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany ultrafast phenomena in biology and physics are fundamental to our scientific understanding but have not yet been visualized owing to the extreme speed and sensitivity requirements in imaging modalities. Two examples are the propagation of passive current flows through myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses through dielectrics, which are both key to information processing in living organisms and electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate differentially enhanced compressed ultrafast photography (Diff-CUP) to directly visualize propagations of passive current flows at approximately 100 m/s along internodes, i.e., continuous myelinated axons between nodes of Ranvier, from Xenopus laevis sciatic nerves and of electromagnetic pulses at approximately 5 × 107 m/s through lithium niobate. The spatiotemporal dynamics of both propagation processes are consistent with the results from computational models, demonstrating that Diff-CUP can span these two extreme timescales while maintaining high phase sensitivity. With its ultrahigh speed (picosecond resolution), high sensitivity, and noninvasiveness, Diff-CUP provides a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast biological and physical phenomena.
Accounting for small variations in the tracrRNA sequence improves sgRNA activity predictions for CRISPR screening
Authors: DeWeirdt Peter C. , McGee Abby V. , Zheng Fengyi , Nwolah Ifunanya , Hegde Mudra , Doench John G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCRISPR technology is a powerful tool for studying genome function. To aid in picking sgRNAs that have maximal efficacy against a target of interest from many possible options, several groups have developed models that predict sgRNA on-target activity. Although multiple tracrRNA variants are commonly used for screening, no existing models account for this feature when nominating sgRNAs. Here we develop an on-target model, Rule Set 3, that makes optimal predictions for multiple tracrRNA variants. We validate Rule Set 3 on a new dataset of sgRNAs tiling essential and non-essential genes, demonstrating substantial improvement over prior prediction models. By analyzing the differences in sgRNA activity between tracrRNA variants, we show that Pol III transcription termination is a strong determinant of sgRNA activity. We expect these results to improve the performance of CRISPR screening and inform future research on tracrRNA engineering and sgRNA modeling.
Quadrupole topological insulators in Ta2M3Te5 (M = Ni, Pd) monolayers
Authors: Guo Zhaopeng , Deng Junze , Xie Yue , Wang Zhijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigher-order topological insulators have been introduced in the precursory Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes quadrupole model, but no electronic compound has been proposed to be a quadrupole topological insulator (QTI) yet. In this work, we predict that Ta2M3Te5 (M = Pd, Ni) monolayers can be 2D QTIs with second-order topology due to the double-band inversion. A time-reversal-invariant system with two mirror reflections (Mx and My) can be classified by Stiefel-Whitney numbers (w1, w2) due to the combined symmetry TC2z. Using the Wilson loop method, we compute w1 = 0 and w2 = 1 for Ta2Ni3Te5, indicating a QTI with qxy = e/2. Thus, gapped edge states and localized corner states are obtained. By analyzing atomic band representations, we demonstrate that its unconventional nature with an essential band representation at an empty site, i.e., Ag@4e, is due to the remarkable double-band inversion on Y–Γ. Then, we construct an eight-band quadrupole model with Mx and My successfully for electronic materials. These transition-metal compounds of A2M1,3X5 (A = Ta, Nb; M = Pd, Ni; X = Se, Te) family provide a good platform for realizing the QTI and exploring the interplay between topology and interactions.
Measuring concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese internet users through search queries
Authors: Uehara Makoto , Fujita Sumio , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Liew Kongmeng , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increasing availability of the COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination has been rapidly promoted globally as a countermeasure against the spread of COVID-19. In Japan, vaccination was first introduced in February 2021. However, the amount of concern towards vaccination differs between individuals, and topics of concern include adverse reactions and side effects. This study investigated attitudes toward vaccines or vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic across different Japanese prefectures, using Yahoo! JAPAN search queries. We first defined a vaccine concern index (VCI) by aggregating the search counts of vaccine-related queries from Yahoo! JAPAN users before examining VCI across all Japanese prefectures, accounting for gender and age. Our results demonstrated that VCI tended to be lower in more populated areas, and VCI was higher in their 20s to 40s than older people, especially in female users. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation (Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient$$\rho$$ρ= 0.60,$$p < 0.001$$p<0.001) between VCI and prefectural vaccination rate, suggesting that web searching of adverse vaccine reactions may precede actual vaccination. This could reflect the information-seeking behavior of individuals who are accepting of vaccinations.
Combined use of two frailty tools in predicting mortality in older adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Yamada Yosuke , Watanabe Yuya , Yamada Minoru , Fujita Hiroyuki , Miyachi Motohiko , Arai Hidenori , Kimura Misaka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to verify the combined use of two frailty tools in predicting mortality in older adults. We used the data of 10,276 Japanese older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) who provided valid responses to two frailty assessment tools in a mail survey in Japan’s Kyoto‒Kameoka Prospective cohort study. Frailty status was categorized into four groups depending on the validated frailty screening index and Kihon Checklist, respectively: Non-frailty (n = 5960), Physical frailty (n = 223), Comprehensive frailty (n = 2211), and Combination (n = 1882) groups. Mortality data were collected between July 30, 2011, and November 30, 2016. We assessed the relationship between frailty status and all-cause mortality risk using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, we recorded 1257 deaths. After adjusting for confounders, the Combination group had the highest mortality risk compared with the other groups [Non-frailty: reference; Physical frailty: hazards ratio [HR], 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 1.70); Comprehensive frailty: 1.91 (1.63 to 2.23); Combination: 2.85 (2.44 to 3.22)]. People who are positive for frailty in both instruments have a higher risk of death than those who are positive to one model.
Distributed coordinated attitude tracking control of a multi-spacecraft system with dynamic leader under communication delays
Authors: Zhou Zhanjie , Zhang Zhihao , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the challenging issue of the cooperative attitude tracking control of a multi-spacecraft system under communication delays. A state estimator using the attitude information of the neighbors is designed for each follower spacecraft to estimate the time-varying attitude information of the leader spacecraft in the case that the leader spacecraft cannot directly communicate with all following spacecraft. By constructing auxiliary variables based on estimated values and proposing a fixed-time control law to ensure that the auxiliary variables of the spacecraft can reach zero in fixed time, which is independent of the initial state, the effects of time-varying reference attitudes on the system can be reduced. The attitude error and the estimation error are proven to converge to the region containing the origin by input-to-state stability theory combined with the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach. To further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, numerical simulation results are presented.
Delivery and assessment of a CRISPR/nCas9-based genome editing system on in vitro models of mucopolysaccharidoses IVA assisted by magnetite-based nanoparticles
Authors: Leal Andrés Felipe , Cifuentes Javier , Torres Carlos Emilio , Suárez Diego , Quezada Valentina , Gómez Saúl Camilo , Cruz Juan C. , Reyes Luis H. , Espejo-Mojica Angela Johana , Alméciga-Díaz Carlos Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis IV A (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the GALNS gene. Consequently, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate accumulate in the lysosomal lumen. Although enzyme replacement therapy has shown essential advantages for the patients, several challenges remain to overcome, such as the limited impact on the bone lesion and recovery of oxidative profile. Recently, we validated a CRISPR/nCas9-based gene therapy with promising results in an in vitro MPS IVA model. In this study, we have expanded the use of this CRISPR/nCas9 system to several MPS IVA fibroblasts carrying different GALNS mutations. Considering the latent need to develop more safety vectors for gene therapy, we co-delivered the CRISPR/nCas9 system with a novel non-viral vector based on magnetoliposomes (MLPs). We found that the CRISPR/nCas9 treatment led to an increase in enzyme activity between 5 and 88% of wild-type levels, as well as a reduction in GAGs accumulation, lysosomal mass, and mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress, in a mutation-dependent manner. Noteworthy, MLPs allowed to obtain similar results to those observed with the conventional transfection agent lipofectamine. Overall, these results confirmed the potential of CRISPR/nCas9 as a genome editing tool for treating MPS IVA. We also demonstrated the potential use of MLPs as a novel delivery system for CRISPR/nCas9-based therapies.
Miniaturized antenna verified with diffuse optical measurements for native and boiled adipose tissue differentiation
Authors: Halim Ashraf S. Abdel , Mostafa Mohanad , Hamdy Omnia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedical industries are continuously working towards the development of wearable theragnostic devices which enable monitoring various ailments in the body and then transmitting them to the base-station. The antenna design is of prime importance where the suitable design guarantees proper communication between the antenna and the base-station. In this paper, a co-planar wave-guide antenna is proposed for the use in the medical implant communication service (MICS) band for data transmission. The proposed antenna is studied for ex-vivo applications where the antenna is simulated for bovine intramuscular fat (adipose tissue). The preliminary results showed that the antenna radiates in MICS band. Two types of samples are tested; namely, native fat and boiled fat. The boiled fat is used in order to represent the infected fat tissue. Hence, the antenna was implanted into the fat samples and the results revealed noticeable variations in the radiation characteristics between native and boiled fat. Different parameters of the proposed antenna including the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, gain, efficiency, and front-to-back ratio are investigated. The simulations showed that S11 parameter was − 12.4 dB in MICS band for the normal fat. On the other hand, the measured S11 values were − 12.3 dB for the native samples and − 9.9 dB for the boiled fat samples. To assert the variation in the biological characteristics of the boiled fat as compared to those of the native fat, diffuse optical measurements of the examined samples were investigated. Such variation in the light scattering and absorbance by the tissue is responsible for varying the S11 parameter for each case. The results have shown that the proposed design is a good candidate for detecting the change in biological tissue.
Gain-controlled broadband tuneability in self-mode-locked Thulium-doped fibre laser
Authors: Kirsch Dennis C. , Bednyakova Anastasia , Varak Petr , Honzatko Pavel , Cadier Benoit , Robin Thierry , Fotiadi Andrei , Peterka Pavel , Chernysheva Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnsuring self-driven mode-locking and broadband wavelength tuneability in all-fibre-integrated femtosecond laser sources enables a new level of their versatility and extends areas of their applications. Principle limitations for this are traditionally available ultrafast modulators and tuneability techniques. Here, we exploit Thulium-doped fibre to perform three roles in the cavity: laser gain, saturable absorber, and tuneability element via controlling its excitation level. We confirmed that Tm-doped fibre saturable absorption is defined by a reinforced quenching of Tm3+pairs. As a result, we present both numerically and experimentally a highly stable sub-picosecond pulse generation with a ~90 nm tuneability range spanning from 1873 to 1962 nm via adjusting the cavity feedback. The maximum laser efficiency corresponds to 25% cavity feedback, enabling the highest output energy of 1 nJ in 600-fs solitons at 1877 nm. Overall, the presented laser system establishes a compact and straightforward approach for ultrafast generation, which can be translated to other fibre laser operation wavelengths.
Probing process kinetics in batteries with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Qu Deyang , Ji Weixiao , Qu Huainan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy provides information on the steady state of an electrochemical redox reaction and its kinetics. For instance, impedance is a very useful technique to investigate kinetics in batteries, such as diffusion processes or charge-transfer reaction dynamics during battery operation. Here, we summarize procedures for conducting reliable impedance measurements on a battery system, including cell configurations, readiness of a system for impedance testing, validation of the data in an impedance spectrum, deconvolution of electrochemical processes based on the distribution of relaxation time and equivalent circuit fitting of the impedance spectrum. The aim of this paper is to discuss key parameters for accurate and repeatable impedance measurements of batteries.
SA‐BiSeNet: Swap attention bilateral segmentation network for real‐time inland waterways segmentation
Authors: Zhang W.B. , Wu C.Y. , Bao Z.S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe technology for autonomous navigation on inland waterways is worth investigating, and navigable water surface segmentation is a key part of this technology. Semantic segmentation methods based on deep learning are able to distinguish between water surface areas and non‐water surface areas. However, existing semantic segmentation methods cannot meet the requirements of the water surface segmentation task in terms of both segmentation precision and real‐time performance. In this study, a Swap Attention Bilateral Segmentation Network (SA‐BiSeNet) is proposed to improve segmentation performance while ensuring model inference speed by better fusing the two features of the dual‐branch down‐sampling network using the attention mechanism. Specifically, an innovative Swap Attention Module is designed to model the dependency between the features of the spatial detail branch and the features of the semantic branches, thus expanding the receptive fields of the spatial detail and semantic branches to each other's global contexts. This design can effectively fuse features and thus enhance feature representation. Experiments were conducted on the inland waterway dataset USVInland to verify the performance of SA‐BiSeNet in terms of segmentation precision and inference speed, and SA‐BiSeNet achieved 93.65% Mean IoU and maintained the same level of fps as the baseline.