bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do New Hospital Price Transparency Regulations Reflect Value in Arthroplasty?
Authors: D'Amore Taylor , Goh Graham S. , Courtney P. Maxwell , Klein Gregg R. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
In an attempt to improve price transparency, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) now requires hospitals to post clear, accessible pricing data for common procedures. We aimed to determine how many top orthopaedic hospitals are compliant with the new regulation and whether there was any correlation between hospital charges and outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
The hospital websites of the top 101 orthopaedic hospitals per the US News & World Report 2020-2021 were explored to assess compliance with the price transparency requirement. We recorded the gross inpatient charge, cash price, payer-specific negotiated charge, and deidentified maximum and minimum payer rates for THA and TKA. Outcome metrics included hospital ranking and Medicare risk-adjusted arthroplasty readmission and complication rates.

Results:
Although 94 hospitals (93%) posted some shoppable service information as required by CMS, only 21 hospitals (20%) were fully compliant. The mean inpatient charge for THA and TKA was $72,111 (range, $14,716 to $195,264), cash price was $39,027 (range, $2,920 to $110,858), and minimum and maximum payer rates were $16,140 and $57,949, respectively. Better hospital ranking was weakly correlated with higher charges (coefficient 0.223; P = 0.049). No correlation between charges and complications (P = 0.266) or readmissions (P = 0.735) was observed.

Conclusion:
Few hospitals are fully compliant with the new CMS price transparency regulations. We found a wide range of hospital charges for THA and TKA without correlation with complications or readmissions. Although efforts by CMS to increase price transparency should be welcomed, increased costs should be justified by quality in the era of value-based care.
The ‘Golden Power’ on Foreign Investments in EU Law in the Light of Covid Crisis
Authors: Sabatino Gianmatteo 
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses on the evolution of the legal regime concerning Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) both in the EU law and in national law, with special regard for Italy, where special powers on FDIs were recently activated to block Chinese investments. The paper, in the first place, sketches a brief overview on the evolution of such special powers in the last two decades within the EU; in the second place, it assesses the current legal regime at EU level in light of the changes brought by the Covid crisis. At the same time, the paper develops a comparative analysis between the European regime on FDIs and the Chinese one, in order to outline the main legal issues connected to the notion of public control over enterprises investing abroad.
Foreign Direct Investments, Investment Regulation, Foreign Subsidies, Chinese Investments, Reg. 452/2019, Covid-related Economic Crisis, State Capitalism, EU-China Economic Relations, Industrial Policy, Golden Shares
Trade Remedies: A New Outlook of the EU-Africa Relationship
Authors: Nosowicz Agnieszka , Bouvarel Clément 
Published: January 2022

The trade relationship between the EU and Africa has been traditionally considered under the development agenda of the EU Commission. African countries being traditional export markets for EU goods and providers of raw materials for EU supply chains, the EU-African trade in goods has been traditionally exempted from EU trade remedies, while only a handful African countries have addressed EU exports under that prism. However, the emergence of China as a major investor in Africa, and its participation to the establishment of industrial bases in several African countries is causing a shift in the EU approach, as evidenced by the recent measures and investigations initiated by the EU Commission against Egypt and Morocco. The increasing pressure exerted by the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has led the EU Commission to adopt novel and sophisticated approaches to tackle these new avenues for unfair imports within the framework of the WTO agreements. That renewed focus on trade defence investigations is also increasingly shared by African countries, for which these new Chinese-owned African-based industries are a threat to their established or developing manufacturing sectors.
Africa, EU, trade defence instruments (‘TDI’), anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, circumvention, Belt and Road initiative
Malezya’nın ekonomik kalkınmasının temel parametreleri
Authors: İnaç Hüsamettin , Rashid Noureddine 
Published: January 2022

Malezya son dönemde sergilediği ekonomik performansla dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Ne var ki söz konusu ekonomik başarının nedenleri konusunda çok fazla çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma 1981-2020 döneminde Malezya siyasi dinamikleriyle ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada siyasi tecrübe ve birikimin ekonomik kalkınmaya sağladığı katkı somut örnek ve analizlerle çarpıcı bir biçimde oryaya konulmaktadır. Bu hedefe yönelik olarak tanımlayıcı ve analitik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Buna ilaveten Malezya’da gelişen ekonomik kalkınmayla birlikte bu olguyu etkileyen siyasi sistemin yapısı, özellikleri ve ekonomik kalkınma araçları ana başlıklar halinde ele alınmıştır. Malezya’da siyasi olarak lider olanların Malezya ekonomisine katkıları ve yapmış oldukları köklü değişiklik önem arz etmektedir. Bu yüzden Malezya’da değişen siyasi liderlerin ekonomik gelişmeler üzerindeki etkileri çalışmada yer bulmuştur. Siyasi liderliğin Malezya ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların azlığı çalışmanın önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Çünkü üzerinde yeteri kadar çalışılmamış bu kabil bir konuda ortaya konulan bir araştırmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı ve konu hakkında çalışmak isteyenlere fayda sağlayacağı bir gerçektir. Özellikle Türkiye’ de Malezya ekonomik deneyimi üzerine araştırma yapacak olanlara ışık tutacaktır. Belirlenen hedeflerden aşağıdaki sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Dr. Mahathir Muhammed, uzun vadeli ekonomik kalkınma planları hazırlayarak ekonomik kalkınmada başarı göstermiştir. Malezya Hükümeti, Mahathir Muhammedin başkanlık yaptığı süre boyunca eğitim ve teknoloji programlarına büyük önem vererek söz konusu alanda ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Mahathir Muhammed’in liderliği başarılı bir liderlik olarak görüldüğünden gelişmekte olan bazı ülkeler tarafından ilgi odağı olmuş ve dikkatle incelenmiştir.
Hydrodynamic Assessment of Alternative Propulsion Arrangements
Authors: Metcalf Bryson J. , Karafiath Gabor 
Published: January 2022

Non-traditional hydrodynamic propulsion systems such as pods, water jets, surface drives, and vertical axis propellers either inherently provide a steering capability or are sold with the steering element as an integral part. In addition, the appendage drag of these systems varies greatly. Thus the traditional measure of merit, the propulsive coefficient, which is mostly concerned with propeller efficiency and hull-propeller interaction, is not the best assessment of non-traditional propulsion systems.
A new proposed measure of merit called the Hydrodynamic system coefficient is presented It is the ratio of the "bare hull" effective power to the final delivered power. Bare hull in this case refers to the vessel configuration without it's steering and propulsion-related appendages. The Hydrodynamic system coefficient is presented for several cases of the following vessel configurations; twin-pod propulsion, traditional shaft and strut arrangements, and nonintegral type skegs. Additionally, the application is also explained for vertical axis propellers, water-jet propulsion, tunnel hull arrangements, and surface drives.
It is shown that the Hydrodynamic system coefficient is an excellent single parameter for comparing/assessing the performance among these various types of propulsion arrangements. The unadjusted model-test results are presented along with an adjusted calculation for cases where the rotating element of the model propulsor had poor performance.
Tossed on the seas of Visual Theatre: challenges to Puppetry’s survival as an independent discipline
Authors: Rei Leino 
Published: January 2022

The goal was to understand the current situation and give an overview of Baltic and Nordic countries' puppet theater and puppet theater training traditions and whether and how the puppeteer's profile has changed recently. To get an idea of the trends in this area, the common ground of the different countries, I interviewed theatre makers from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The title of this research is "Tossed on the seas of visual theatre: challenges to puppetry’s survival as an independent discipline."To have a wider look at the puppetry, I also did two additional interviews. One of them with Marek Waszkiel - "Puppetry's challenges in the new visual theatre paradigm" and another one with Russian director Yana Tumina - "The puppeteer in the 21st century".
Effect of N
<sub>2</sub>O treatment on performance of back channel etched metal oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Xu Hua , Liu Jing-Dong , Cai Wei , Li Min , Xu Miao , Tao Hong , Zou Jian-Hua , Peng Jun-Biao ,   Guangzhou New Vision Opto-electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China,   State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China,   Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, China
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the rare earth element praseodymium-doped indium tin zinc oxide semiconductor is used as the channel layer of the thin film transistor, and the aluminum oxide-based wet back channel etched thin film transistor is successfully prepared. The effect of N	<sub>2</sub>O plasma treatment on the back-channel interface of thin film transistor is studied, and the effect of treatment power and time on device performance are studied in detail. The results show that the good device performance can be obtained under certain power and time treatment, and the prepared device has good thermal stability of positive bias and negative bias under light conditions. The results from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the amorphous structure of the metal oxide semiconductor material can effectively resist the wet etchant, and that no obvious component segregation phenomenon is found. Further, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy tests show that N	<sub>2</sub>O plasma treatment can form an oxygen-rich, low-carrier-concentration interface layer at the interface. On the one hand, it can effectively resist the damage of the back channel caused by the plasma of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and on the other hand, it acts as a passivation body of hydrogen from PECVD plasma, suppressing the generation of low-level donor state of hydrogen. This study provides an important reference for low-cost, high-efficiency thin film transistor performance optimization methods.
Evaluation of Different Extractants for Boron Estimation in Soils of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Choudhari P. L. , Dixit Sreenath , Priyadarsini Srija , Nimje Chetna , Vijayaranganatha C. , Satish P. V. 
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted to compare the four different extractants widely used in boron (B) determination in soils and to screen the most suitable extractant for acidic (Alfisols) and alkaline (Vertisols) soils of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. A total of 200 surface soil samples were collected across two sites (100 from each site) representing different pH ranges. Hot-water-soluble boron (HWS-B) extraction procedure being the most widely used B determination procedure was kept as a benchmark in order to compare the B extracting efficiency by the extractants viz., 0.01 M Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), 1 N Ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) pH-7.0 and 0.01 M Barium Chloride. The mean values of hot water extractable B for acidic soils were 0.49 (mean between 0.18 and 1.50 mg kg-1), CaCl2 – 0.42 (mean between 0.14 and 1.52 mg kg-1), BaCl2 – 0.45 (mean between 0.10 and 1.68 mg kg-1) and NH4OAc – 0.60 (mean between 0.17 and 2.43 mg kg-1). The mean values of hot water extractable B for alkaline soils were 1.87 (mean between 0.71 and 4.79 mg kg-1), CaCl2 – 1.57 (mean between 0.45 and 5.43 mg kg-1), BaCl2 – 1.37 (mean between 0.52 and 4.15 mg kg-1) and NH4OAc – 1.92 (mean between 0.85 and 8.33 mg kg-1) in acidic and alkaline soils respectively. The coefficient of variation for extractable B varied from 53.0 to 66.6 and 42.7 to 55.7 in acidic and alkaline soils respectively. The variation in B extracting efficiency in both the types of soils was found in the order: Hot water > Hot CaCl2 > BaCl2 > NH4OAc. Authors conclude that amongst all the compared extractants, 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction may be an adequate procedure for B determination in both the acidic as well as alkaline soils.
Effect of Rotating Shift on Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation among Health Personnel in Gaza Governorate
Authors: Mohammed Arafat Heba , Al Laham Nahed Ali , Shamallakh Ohood Mohammed , Shamallakh Kholoud Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Background: It's been suggested that shift employment is linked to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is a complex syndrome that has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of MetS among health-care workers and to investigate the impact of rotating shift work on MetS biomarkers and inflammation.
Methods: 100 current daytime workers were compared to 210 rotating shift workers in comparative analytical cross-sectional research involving 310 health care personnel. A questionnaire on socio-demographic (sex, age, marital status, job), health-related behaviors such as a physical activity) and occupational history about shift work, as well as a health examination with anthropometric and arterial blood pressure measurements, and laboratory investigations. For the diagnosis and determination of MetS, we used the Adult Treatment Protocol III National Cholesterol Education Program of America (ATPIII) indicators. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis.
Results: The overall prevalence of MetS among healthcare workers was 8.4% (9.0% among current daytime workers and 8.1% among rotating shift workers) with no significant difference between males and females, and shift category. Elevated C-reactive protein (44.5%) was the most commonly altered component among healthcare workers, followed by high triglyceride (35.5%), raised total cholesterol (24.8%), and elevated BMI>30 (20.6 %). In descending order, the following were the main risk factors for MetS in both sexes among rotating shift workers: high blood pressure (OR = 59.5; 95 percent CI, 16.4- 215.8), high fasting blood sugar (OR = 43.9; 95 percent CI, 12.9- 149.1), high triglyceride (OR = 42.3; 95 percent CI, 5.5- 326.6), obesity (BMI >30) (OR = 11.8; 95 percent CI, 4- 34.6), and low HDL cholesterol (OR = 1.6; 95 percent CI, 0.3- 6.1)
Conclusion: MetS was prevalent amongst Gaza Strip healthcare workers, with a consistent increase in prevalence as people were older and had a higher BMI. There was no direct relationship between shift category and the occurrence of MetS and inflammation; however, other factors such as genetics, lifestyle factors, and the work itself may have a greater impact than shift category.
Working Away from Home, Coping Strategies, Quality of Working Life, Well-being and Performance
Authors: P. Smith Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Background: There has been recent interest in the problems associated with studying or working away from home. A recent model of “working away” describes appropriate coping strategies across the time course from preparing to leave home for work, adapting to work away and returning home from work. Support for this model has come from studies of international students, and the aim of the present study was to extend this to workers from Asia who work in the service industry in the Middle East.
Aims: The study aimed to examine associations between working away strategies and quality of working life, well-being and performance efficiency. Established predictors of these outcomes were statistically controlled.
Methodology: The research was carried out with the approval of the School of Psychology, Cardiff University, ethics committee and the informed consent of the participants (N=216; mean age = 38.3 years s.d. = 9.2). An online survey was carried out, and regressions were used to examine associations between the working away strategies and the outcomes.
Results: Working away strategies were significantly associated with better quality of working life, more positive well-being and better performance. An unexpected result was that these strategies were also associated with more negative well-being. This possibly reflects negative factors leading to the use of working away strategies, which subsequently lead to positive outcomes.
Conclusion: The results of this study confirm earlier research that shows associations between working away strategies and quality of working life, positive well-being and performance efficiency. The use of these strategies may initially be related to underlying stress, and their subsequent use then leads to beneficial outcomes.
Evaluation of Anti Cholesterol and Antioxidant Potentiality of Aqueous Extracts of Citrus aurantifolia, Zingiber officinale and its Formulation - a Comparative In vitro Study
Authors: Sivasubramanian Priyanka , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Several plant extracts and herbs have been used for treating and prevention of cardiovascular diseases hypertension, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, cerebral and venous insufficiency and arrhythmia. Similarly, aqueous extracts of Citrus aurantifolia and Zingiber officinale which is commonly called as lemon and ginger respectively and its formulation were analysed for its antioxidant and anti cholesterol activity.
Objective: This research has been performed in order to evaluate the anti cholesterol and antioxidant potentiality of aqueous extracts of Citrus aurantifolia, Zingiber officinale and its formulation respectively.
Methods: The study setting carried out for this research was in vitro, hence the work was performed outside the living organism. Citrus aurantifolia and Zingiber officinale were purchased from a farm in chennai. The experiment began starting from the preparation of aqueous extract of lemon and ginger. A formulation was made combining equal amounts of the two extracts followed by this, a phytochemical screening test was conducted. Antioxidant and anti cholesterol potential of the extracts and its formulation were also analysed. The data was statistically examined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued by Duncan’s multiple range test, it was compiled to see the statistical significance among the groups present. The results carrying p<0.05 level were contemplated to be statistically significant.
Result: From the study, though both the extracts possessed a good antioxidant and anti cholesterol potential, comparatively the formulation exhibited an increased antioxidant and anti cholesterol potential respectively (IC₅₀ = 250 µg/ml) and (IC₅₀= 375µg per ml). Here, the formulation exhibited significantly more activity than the individual extracts.
Conclusion: Even though there is sufficient knowledge among citizens about the nutritional value present in herbal formulations, there isn’t enough in-depth study conducted on the formulation of these two extracts based on their cholesterol inhibitory activity. From this particular study it was proven that the formulation showed synergism. Hence the formulation of these extracts could be preferred over other synthetic drugs since it is natural, cost effective and easily accessible.
Psychological Impact on Post-COVID Patients
Authors: Bongirwar Bramhni , Vagga Anjali 
Published: January 2022

The most significant thing in a mental health disorder is its prevalence. Here we compare the consequences of pandemics on people’s mental health with the recordings of ASD & PTSD in the last forty years; we will prove that they are primarily different. The symptoms of mental disorders differ; therefore, the chances of good treatment differ are significantly less. We tend to cancel some chances of a new mental disorder, considering a new one can emerge from this pandemic. We have to determine the extent of what pandemics are doing to one’s mental state. The author planned medical care for immediate support.
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Thus mental health is more than just the absence of mental disorders.
Mental health is a state of mind in which he can realize his capacities and abilities, cope with stress, and have optimal productivity.
Mental health is essential for a person for his own sake and the collective good of society; for good mental health, a person should be content with his life. Thus the prevention and restoration of mental health are essential for individuals and society. Multiple social, psychological, and biological factors are responsible for knowing a person's mental health.
Social factors, stressful conditions in the workplace, gender discrimination, and unhealthy lifestyle are also responsible for the detoriation of mental health. There are specific psychological and personality factors that make people vulnerable to mental health problems. Biological risks include genetic factor.
Awareness of Blood Pressure Changes during Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Joshitha . , Priya A. Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Blood pressure is not constant at different days of the month and even throughout the day. Variation in BP during different phases in the menstrual cycle can also be attributed to the effect of the female hormones on cardiovascular systems. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the awareness of blood pressure changes during the menstrual cycle.
Aim: To Assess the Awareness of Blood Pressure Changes during Menstrual Cycle.
Materials and Methods: The sample size used for the study is 100. A self structured questionnaire was prepared and uploaded on google forms. This standard questionnaire in google forms was circulated. After which all the data was collected and the data was analysed using Chi square analysis. The Chi square analysis was done using SPSS software.
Result: We were able to establish a fair awareness about blood pressure changes during the menstrual cycle among our study population. It was statistically significant with p value of 0.037 (P<0.05).
Discussion: Variation in BP during different phases of the menstrual cycle can also be attributed to the effect of ovarian hormones on cardiovascular function. Since hormonal changes follow a non-linear trend throughout the menstrual cycle, it may have an unpredictable effect on BP regulation
Conclusion: There is a fair amount of awareness about blood pressure changes during menstruation among both women and men but women have more awareness.