bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of interventions to manage sexual dysfunction in women with cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Febrina Fiorentina , Triyoga Ichsan Fauzi , White Michelle , Marino Jennifer L. , Peate Michelle 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Importance:
Cancer and its treatment negatively affect female sexual health and function. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction after cancer is between 33% and 43%. Numerous studies have addressed treatment options for sexual dysfunction in women with cancer, but it still remains a challenge to select the most efficacious option for patients.

Objective:
To compile and appraise recent evidence of any interventions for managing sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors.

Evidence Review:
A literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (January 2011 to February 2021) was conducted using general search terms of “women”, “cancer”, “intervention”, “sexual dysfunction”. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled before-after studies that evaluated the efficacy of intervention for female sexual dysfunction in women with history of cancer. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 for RCTs and National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment tools for uncontrolled before-after studies.

Findings:
Thirty-six studies were included for qualitative synthesis (14 RCTs (n = 1284), 17 uncontrolled trials (n = 589), and 5 cohort studies (n = 497). Only four studies were at low risk of bias. Topical interventions (vaginal gels or creams) were able to alleviate vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, with intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6.5 mg) gel showing evidence of improved sexual function. Evidence for estriol-lactobacilli vaginal tablets was unreliable due to a small-scale study. Psychoeducational therapy (internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) studies typically were at high risk of bias, but all displayed significant improvements of sexual function. Both laser therapy (fractional CO2 and erbium) and multimodal approach studies were at concerning risk of bias, although suggesting beneficial effects on sexual function.

Conclusions and Relevance:
The most reliable evidence for improvement was from a study of DHEA vaginal gel, but in general, gels or creams were useful in reducing dyspareunia. Pharmacological, psychoeducational, laser therapy, and multimodal approaches demonstrated potential in managing cancer-related sexual issues, but most were small in size (10-70 participants), with moderate to high risk of bias. Therefore, large-scale, double-blind, RCTs with long-period follow-up, and at low risk of bias are needed to show efficacy for these interventions.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A912.
Health Literacy, Cognitive Impairment, and Diabetes Knowledge Among Incarcerated Persons Transitioning to the Community
Authors: Todd Sarah , Reagan Louise , Laguerre Rick 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of health literacy (HL; Short Test of Functional Health Literacy), cognitive impairment (CI), and diabetes knowledge (DK) among incarcerated persons transitioning to the community.

Methods
Using preintervention data from a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group study evaluating the feasibility of a six-session literacy-tailored Diabetes Survival Skills intervention for incarcerated men transitioning to the community, we conducted correlational analyses among the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes Scale using the SPSS PROCESS macro and bias-corrected bootstrapping to test the meditational hypothesis: HL mediates the relationship between CI and DK.

Results
Participants (N = 73) were incarcerated for 1–30 years with a mean age of 47 (9.9) years, 40% Black, 19% White, and 30% Hispanic, with 78% having high school/GED or less education. Most (70%) screened positive for CI and had low DK, and 20% had marginal or inadequate HL. HL, CI, and DK were positively associated with each other. Controlling for race, age, and group (control/experimental), cognitive function had a significant direct effect on HL (b = 0.866, p = 0.0003) but not on DK (b = 0.119, p = 0.076). Results indicated a significant indirect effect of cognitive functioning on DK via HL, 95% confidence interval [0.300, 0.1882].

Conclusion
Intervention approaches aimed at increasing HL or tailored to low HL in the presence of CI may be effective in increasing DK in this population.

Implications
Given the low risk to high benefit of implementing literacy-tailored approaches to persons in prison and the population demographics from studies supporting a high degree of CI, nurses should consider implementing literacy-tailored approaches and screening for CI before participation in all educational programs.
A Comparison of the Effects of Pin and Vacuum-Assisted Suspension Systems in Individuals With Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Çerezci Duygu Senay , Anaforoğlu Bahar , Erbahçeci Fatih 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Suspension systems are essential components for a lower-limb prosthesis, as they provide sufficient prosthetic fit. Although various adverse and positive effects have been reported for suspension systems, it is important to determine the effects on the prosthesis users in detail.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the pin suspension system (PSS) with the vacuum-assisted suspension system (VASS) in terms of parameters including walking capacity, functional mobility, weight bearing on the operated side, prosthesis satisfaction, and body image perception.

Study Design
This is an original research report.

Methods
Nine individuals with transtibial amputation were evaluated. Both suspension systems were applied consecutively. Initially, participants used the PSS for 3 months after fabrication and adjustment of the prosthesis and a prosthetic training period. They then used the VASS for 3 months after a similar training period. After both prosthetic systems had been adjusted, L.A.S.A.R. Posture was used to determine weight bearing on the prosthetic side. The 6-minute walk test was applied for walking capacity, the timed up-and-go test was used to determine functional mobility, the Prosthetic Satisfaction Index was used for prosthetic satisfaction, and the Amputee Body Image Scale was used for body image perception.

Results
Significant differences were observed between PSS and VASS in terms of prosthetic side weight-bearing ratios, walking capacity, functional mobility, and prosthetic satisfaction (P < 0.05), all in favor of VASS. No significant difference was determined in terms of body image scores (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
In terms of function and prosthetic satisfaction in individuals with transtibial amputation, VASS was determined to be superior. The available evidence suggests that if there is no contraindication for the use of VASS, it may contribute to the individual with amputation functionally and increase the satisfaction with the prosthesis.

Clinical Relevance
Vacuum systems can make a positive contribution to reaching the goals for prosthesis users who are targeted to have high physical activity levels. This positive contribution includes increased weight transfer to the prosthetic side, an increase in mobility determinants, and increased prosthesis satisfaction, which has many dimensions.
What a Patient Sees in the Mirror: Validation of the Truncal Anterior Asymmetry Scoliosis Questionnaire
Authors: Lonner Baron S. , Toombs Courtney S. , Shah Suken A. , Bastrom Tracey , Penn Phedra , Bright Kristin , Stern Carrie Scharf , Roy-Beaudry Marjolaine , Beausejour Marie , Neiss Geraldine , Castillo Andrea , Parent Stefan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Self-image and body shape are important to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The impact of scoliosis on anterior trunk shape has been incompletely studied. The Truncal Anterior Asymmetry Scoliosis Questionnaire (TAASQ) was developed to assess anterior truncal appearance concerns and mental preoccupation and behavioral modification related to those concerns. The purpose of this study is to validate TAASQ in AIS.

Methods
A total of 105 female surgical AIS patients (average age, 14.9 years; mean Cobb, 53°) completed the TAASQ, Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ), and Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-22) questionnaires. TAASQ was developed with breast cancer researchers and piloted in 13 perioperative adolescent and adult idiopathic scoliosis patients. TAASQ contains 14 questions, both response scale and free response. Questions are categorized into three domains: breast, appearance, and clothing. Internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach's α) and concurrent validity were determined.

Results
Internal consistency was 0.86, 0.77, and 0.84 for clothing, appearance, and breast domains, respectively (good to excellent). Domains and subdomains of the TAASQ correlate well with the image domain of the SRS-22 but not with the SAQ.
However, given that the TAASQ was designed to assess concerns with anterior appearance, the correlation with the image domain establishes concurrent validity of the questionnaire.

Conclusions
TAASQ is a reliable and valid measure of the concerns and behavioral modifications related to anterior truncal appearance in female AIS patients. Further study of TAASQ will help clinicians counsel patients on the impact of surgery on anterior truncal deformity.

Clinical Relevance
There is a clinical lack of knowledge about the significant self-image and anterior body shape concerns of adolescent females with AIS. The TAASQ has been developed to assess concerns related to anterior truncal appearance and mental preoccupation and behavioral modification.
Brief Report: Previous Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection in King County, WA
Authors: Cannon Chase A. , Ramchandani Meena S. , Buskin Susan , Dombrowski Julia , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) discontinuations are common and are associated with subsequent HIV acquisition. The population-level impact of PrEP discontinuations is unknown.

Methods:
Public health staff routinely asked men who have sex with men (MSM) with newly diagnosed HIV infection about their history of PrEP use as part of partner notification interviews in King County, WA, from 2013 to 2021. We assessed trends in the proportion of MSM who ever took PrEP and described reasons for PrEP discontinuation.

Results:
A total of 1098 MSM were newly diagnosed with HIV during the study period; of whom, 797 (73%) were interviewed, and 722 responded to questions about their history of PrEP use. Ninety-four (13%) reported ever taking PrEP. The proportion of MSM who ever used PrEP before HIV diagnosis increased from 2.3% in 2014 to 26.6% in 2020–2021 (P < 0.001 for trend). The median time from PrEP discontinuation to HIV diagnosis was 152 days, and median duration on PrEP was 214 days. Common reasons for stopping PrEP included self-assessment as being at low risk for HIV, side effects, and insurance issues. Nineteen men were on PrEP at the time of HIV diagnosis; mutations conferring emtricitabine/tenofovir resistance were identified in 8 (53%) of 15 men with available genotype data.

Conclusion:
More than 25% of MSM with newly diagnosed HIV from 2020 to 2021 had ever used PrEP. More than 50% who discontinued PrEP were diagnosed <6 months after stopping. Strategies to preempt PrEP discontinuations, enhance retention, and facilitate resumption of PrEP are critical to decrease new HIV diagnoses.
First-in-Man Noninvasive Initial Diagnostic Approach of Primary CNS Lymphoma Versus Glioblastoma Using PET With 18F-Fludarabine and l-[methyl-11C]Methionine
Authors: Postnov Andrey , Toutain Jérôme , Pronin Igor , Valable Samuel , Gourand Fabienne , Kalaeva Diana , Vikhrova Nina , Pyzhik Elena , Guillouet Stéphane , Kobyakov Grigoriy , Khokholova Ekaterina , Pitskhelauri David , Usachev Dmitry , Maryashev Sergey , Rizhova Marina , Potapov Alexander , Derlon Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
This study sought to assess 18F-fludarabine (18F-FLUDA) PET/CT’s ability in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) from glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs).

Patients and Methods
Patients harboring either PCNSL (n = 8) before any treatment, PCNSL treated using corticosteroids (PCNSLh; n = 10), or GBM (n = 13) were investigated with conventional MRI and PET/CT, using 11C-MET and 18F-FLUDA. The main parameters measured with each tracer were SUVT and T/N ratios for the first 30 minutes of 11C-MET acquisition, as well as at 3 different times after 18F-FLUDA injection. The early 18F-FLUDA uptake within the first minute of injection was equally considered, whereas this parameter was combined with the later uptakes to obtain R FLUDA 2 and R FLUDA 3 ratios.

Results
No significant differences in 11C-MET uptakes were observed among PCNSL, PCNSLh, and GBM. With 18F-FLUDA, a clear difference in dynamic GBM uptake was observed, which decreased over time after an early maximum, as compared with that of PCNSL, which steadily increased over time, PCNSLh exhibiting intermediate values. The most discriminative parameters consisting of R FLUDA 2 and R FLUDA 3 integrated the early tracer uptake (first 60 seconds), thereby provided 100% specificity and sensitivity.

Conclusions

18F-FLUDA was shown to likely be a promising radiopharmaceutical for differentiating PCNSL from other malignancies, although a pretreatment with corticosteroids might compromise this differential diagnostic ability. The diagnostic role of 18F-FLUDA should be further investigating, along with its potential of defining therapeutic strategies in patients with PCNSL, while assessing the treatments’ effectiveness.
The Influence of a New Intervention Model of Community-Based Physical Fitness Exercise on the Older Adults' Adherence to Physical Activity and the Improvement of Functional Fitness
Authors: Hsu Hui-Chu , Liang Jing-Min , Chu I-Hua , Chang Jyh-Jong , Wu Wen-Lan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This single-arm clinical study aimed to design a new exercise intervention strategy based on the transtheoretical model and discuss its influence for elders at different stages of the behavior change.

Methods:
Fifteen participants in the maintenance stage (MP) and 15 participants under the maintenance stage (MPb) participated in a 12-week structured exercise and a 12-week autonomous group class training.

Results and Conclusions:
The new intervention model successfully improved the amount, efficiency, and adherence of physical activity, and enhanced the functional fitness for both groups. The exercise behavior for MPb group successfully progressed to the next stage.
Patient Experience with Amputation or Limb Loss: Literature Review
Authors: Isworo Atyanti , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundsAmputation which is the removal of body parts, the reality faced by patients who must be amputated raises various responses ranging from rejection to acceptance. The process of each patient is certainly different according to the experience experienced by each patient.MethodsThis literature review uses articles published from 2018-2022 with source from databased ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Scopus, Sage Journals, EBSCO-Host, BMC Journal, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, and ProQuest. The keywords used are patient experience, perspectives of patients, amputations, limb loss, low extremity amputation, qualitative, qualitative study. Article selection follows “PRISMA” flow.ResultsThis systematic review have a total of 6 articles meet the criteria for analysis. Respondents involved in this qualitative research amounted to 109 respondents who had undergone the amputation process. There are several themes that are used to explore the patient’s experience, the themes used are divided into several aspects in the form of aspects of physical changes, aspects of psychological changes, and also aspects of social adaptation that patients must go through after undergoing the amputation process.ConclusionThrough a qualitative study, it was found that the average patient expressed feelings of worry, fear, anxiety, feeling useless, no longer liking his body, feeling lost in self-confidence, and no longer wanting to interact socially because of the negative response from the surrounding environment towards the patients.
Striatal dopamine gene network moderates the effect of early adversity on the risk for adult psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidity
Authors: Barth Barbara , Arcego Danusa Mar , de Mendonça Filho Euclides José , Merscher Sobreira de Lima Randriely , Parent Carine , Dalmaz Carla , Portella André Krumel , Pokhvisneva Irina , Meaney Michael J , Silveira Patricia Pelufo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiometabolic and psychiatric disorders often co-exist and share common early life risk factors, such as low birth weight. However, the biological pathways linking early adversity to adult cardiometabolic/psychiatric comorbidity remain unknown. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the striatum is sensitive to early adversity and influences the development of both cardiometabolic and psychiatric diseases. Here we show that a co-expression based polygenic score (ePGS) reflecting individual variations in the expression of the striatal dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) network significantly interacts with birth weight to predict psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidities in both adults (UK Biobank, N= 225,972) and adolescents (ALSPAC, N= 1188). Decreased birth weight is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidities, but the effect is dependent on a striatalSLC6A3ePGS, that reflects individual variation in gene expression of genes coexpressed with the SLC6A3 gene in the striatum. Neuroanatomical analyses revealed that SNPs from the striatumSLC6A3ePGS were significantly associated with prefrontal cortex gray matter density, suggesting a neuroanatomical basis for the link between early adversity and psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidity. Our study reveals that psychiatric and cardiometabolic diseases share common developmental pathways and underlying neurobiological mechanisms that includes dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex.
Octreotide may improve pharyngocutaneous fistula healing through downregulation of cystatins: a pilot study
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Reed William , Foster Matthew W. , Kahmke Russel , Rocke Daniel , Watts Tammara , Puscas Liana , Cannon Trinitia , Lee Walter T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) and salivary leaks are well known complications of head and neck surgery. The medical management of PCF has included the use of octreotide without a well-defined understanding of its therapeutic mechanism. We hypothesized that octreotide induces alterations in the saliva proteome and that these alterations may provide insight into the mechanism of action underlying improved PCF healing. We undertook an exploratory pilot study in healthy controls that involved collecting saliva before and after a subcutaneous injection of octreotide and performing proteomic analysis to determine the effects of octreotide.Materials and MethodsFour healthy adult participants provided saliva samples before and after subcutaneous injection of octreotide. A mass-spectrometry based workflow optimized for the quantitative proteomic analysis of biofluids was then employed to analyze changes in salivary protein abundance after octreotide administration.ResultsThere were 3,076 human, 332 S. mitis, 102 G. haemolyans and 42 G. adiacens protein groups quantified in saliva samples. A paired statistical analysis was performed using the generalized linear model (glm) function in edgeR. There were and ∼300 proteins that had a p<0.05 between the pre-and post-octreotide groups ∼50 proteins with an FDR-corrected p<0.05 between pre-and post-groups. These results were visualized using a volcano plot after filtering on proteins quantified by 2 more or unique precursors. Both human and bacterial proteins were among the proteins altered by octreotide treatment. Notably, four isoforms of the human cystatins, belonging to a family of cysteine proteases, that had significantly lower abundance after treatment.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated octreotide-induced downregulation of cystatins. By downregulation of cystatins in the saliva, there is decreased inhibition of cysteine proteases such as Cathepsin S. This results in increased cysteine protease activity that has been linked to enhanced angiogenic response, cell proliferation and migration that have resulted in improved wound healing. These insights provide first steps at furthering our understanding of octreotide’s effects on saliva and reports of improved PCF healing.
Multi-omics Characterization of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Severe and Mild COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Bramer Lisa M. , Hontz Robert D. , Eisfeld Amie J. , Sims Amy C. , Kim Young-Mo , Stratton Kelly G. , Nicora Carrie D. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Schepmoes Athena A. , Akasaka Osamu , Koga Michiko , Tsutsumi Takeya , Nakamura Morio , Nakachi Ichiro , Baba Rie , Tateno Hiroki , Suzuki Shoji , Nakajima Hideaki , Kato Hideaki , Ishida Kazunari , Ishii Makoto , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Mitamura Keiko , Paurus Vanessa L. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Attah Isaac K. , Letizia Andrew G. , Waters Katrina M. , Metz Thomas O. , Corson Karen , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Gerbasi Vincent R. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe detailed mechanisms of COVID-19 infection pathology remain poorly understood. To improve our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathology, we performed a multi-omics analysis of an immunologically naïve SARS-CoV-2 clinical cohort from the plasma of uninfected controls, mild, and severe infections. A comparison of healthy controls and patient samples showed activation of neutrophil degranulation pathways and formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) complexes that were activated in a subset of the mild infections and more prevalent in severe infections (containing multiple NET proteins in individual patient samples). As a potential mechanism to suppress NET formation, multiple redox enzymes were elevated in the mild and severe symptom population. Analysis of metabolites from the same cohort showed a 24- and 60-fold elevation in plasma L-cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, which is a substrate of the powerful antioxidant glutathione, in mild and severe patients, respectively. Unique to patients with mild infections, the carnosine dipeptidase modifying enzyme (CNDP1) was up-regulated. The strong protein and metabolite oxidation signatures suggest multiple compensatory pathways working to suppress oxidation and NET formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections.