Pemanfaatan Kompos Ampas Tebu dan Biochar Terhadap Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah Sawah, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Varietas Sanbei
Authors: Koto Muhammad Yudha , Muyassir Muyassir , Jufri Yadi 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak.Penggunaan bahan-bahan kimia anorganik yang tidak berimbang memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesuburan tanah, diantaranya agregat tanah, Bulk density yang tinggi, porositas rendah kandungan bahan organik rendah, KTK rendah ketersediaan hara rendah, terjadi ledakan hama akibat hilangnya musuh alami, tanah menjadi tidak sehat bagi pertumbuhan tanaman.Untuk meningkatkan kandungan C-organik tanah yang hilang dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian bahan organik seperti biochar. Manfaat biochar yaitu dapat meretensi hara, menyuplai hara menurunkan /meningkatkan pH sesuai kondisi pH tanah, meningkatkan KTK, meningkatkan ketersediaan hara, meretensi air dalam tanah, mencegah kehilangan hara akibat pencucian (leaching). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar sekam padi dengandosis 10 t/ha meningkatkan porositas tanah diikuti dengan peningkatan air tanah tersedia sebesar 15,47% dari 11,34% (tanah kontrol). Pemberian pupuk kandang sapi 10 t ha-1 mampu meningkatkan kadar air tanah sebesar 35,17% dari 31,11% (tanpa pemberian pupuk kandang sapi).Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, pelaksanaan penelitian berlangsung dari Februari hingga Agustus 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen lapangan yang dilanjutkan dengan penelitian di laboratorium dengan tahapan sebagai berikut : (a) analisis contoh tanah, kompos dilakukan sebelum penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah FakultasPertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, (b) percobaan lapangan dengan menanam padi, perlakuan kompos ampas tebu dan biochar yang sesuai dengan kombinasi perlakuan masing-masing pot.Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi antara kompos ampas tebu dan biochar dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman padi sawah varietas sanbei, dimana kombinasi perlakuan kompos ampas tebu dan biochar dengan dosis 10 ton ha-1 biochar + 50 ton ha-1 kompos ampas tebu menghasilkan produksi yang lebih tinggi, tetapi perlakuan kombinasi 10 ton ha-1 + 30 ton ha-1 lebih efisien dan menguntungkan.Effect of Composting Cane Pulp and Biochar On Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Production of Rice Fields Sanbei Varieties Abstract.The unbalanced use of inorganic chemicals has a negative impact on soil fertility, including soil aggregate, high bulk density, low porosity, low organic matter content, low CEC low nutrient availability, pest explosion due to loss of natural enemies, unhealthy soil for plant growth.To increase the loss of soil organic C content, it can be done through the application of organic materials such as biochar. The benefits of biochar include being able to retain nutrients, supply nutrients to reduce / increase pH according to soil pH conditions, increase CEC, increase nutrient availability, retain water in the soil so as to help prevent nutrient loss due to leaching. The study showed that giving biochar of rice husk at a dose of 10 t / ha increased soil porosity followed by an increase in available groundwater by 15.47% from 11.34% (control soil). Giving cow manure 10 t ha-1 was able to increase the soil water content by 35.17% from 31.11% (without giving cow manure).This research has been carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, the implementation of the research took place from February to August 2020. This research is a field experiment followed by research in the laboratory with the following stages: (a) analysis of soil samples, compost is carried out before the research is carried out at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, (b) field experiments by planting rice, treatment of bagasse compost and biochar according to the treatment combination of each pot, and analysis of soil samples in the middle of the study to re-test the chemical properties of the soil after being treated with biochar and bagasse compost.The results of this study indicate that the combination treatment of bagasse compost and biochar can improve and improve soil chemical properties, growth and productivity of sanbei rice paddy varieties, where the combination of bagasse compost and biochar treatment at a dose of 10 tonnes ha-1 biochar + 50 tonnes ha-1 bagasse compost resulted in higher production, but the combination treatment of 10 ton ha-1 + 30 ton ha-1 was more efficient and profitable.