bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using statistical population reconstruction to estimate demographics of wild turkey populations
Authors: Clawson Michael V. , Isabelle Jason L. , Skalski John R. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo; hereafter, turkey) is one of the most popular game species in the United States, there is no consensus on how best to monitor turkey populations. Harvest data are readily available to state wildlife agencies but are often not coupled with other datasets (e.g., hunter effort) for demographic assessments. We described the utility of statistical population reconstruction (SPR) to unite disparate datasets and effectively monitor status and trends of key turkey demographic rates at spatial scales relevant to wildlife managers. We demonstrated SPR model development and associated assumptions, model selection, and model evaluation using male‐only models for turkeys in 2 regions of Missouri, USA, and compared model output to harvest‐based and non‐harvest‐based indices. Use of SPR led to a more comprehensive assessment of population dynamics than did indices alone. Moreover, inference based solely on indices would likely have led to different interpretations of which factors govern turkey population dynamics and ultimately which management practices should be implemented. Disparity of model output between regions demonstrates importance of auxiliary data in SPR model utility. As such, we encourage well‐planned and executed auxiliary studies to improve precision of demographic rates when using SPR models. Statistical population reconstruction provides a viable, useful tool to assess demographics of turkey populations and on which to base management decisions.
The valence conversion mechanism for Mo‐doped VO2 films with enhanced thermochromic properties
Authors: Pei Rui , Ma Xinguo , Han Changcun , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Zhengwang , Dong Xiaoru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReducing the phase transition temperature (Tc) of VO2 films to achieve the application in the field of Smart Home is still a challenge. Thus, in the work, the ultra‐thin VO2 films with different Mo doping amounts were successfully prepared by an economic sol‐gel method and atmosphere annealing, aiming to further investigate the mechanism of the decrease of Tc. The results show that the VO2 films with 3 at % Mo doping possess the Tc of 29.5 °C. Notedly, in the as‐prepared films, the maximum transmittance in the visible region (Tvis) is 46.3 % and the solar direct transmittance (Tsol) is 45.8 %. According to the XPS spectra, it is confirmed that the Mo doping prominently induces the valence change of V ions from +4 to +3, inhibiting the strain in the phase transition process of VO2 films, and leading to the decrease of Tc. Our work will provide a feasible solution for reducing the Tc of the ultra‐thin VO2 films.
On the dispersionless Davey–Stewartson hierarchy: Zakharov–Shabat equations, twistor structure, and Lax–Sato formalism
Authors: Yi Ge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we continue the study of the Davey–Stewartson system, which is one of the most important (2 + 1)‐dimensional integrable models. As we showed in the previous paper, the dDS (dispersionless Davey–Stewartson) system arises from Hamiltonian vector fields Lax pair. A new hierarchy of compatible partial differential equations (PDEs) defining infinitely many symmetries, which is associated with the dDS system, is defined in this paper. We show that this hierarchy arises from the commutation condition of a particular series of one‐parameter Hamiltonian vector fields.
Identity, Intersectionality and Children in Care: The Case of Muslim-Heritage ‘Looked-After’ Children in the UK
Authors: Cheruvallil-Contractor Sariya , Halford Alison , Phiri Mphatso Boti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial work policy in the UK, and public discourse informed by this policy, insists that children need permanent and secure homes. In finding homes for children, preserving and nourishing their identities is prioritised. Faith can be a key aspect of children’s identities, yet there is limited research on faith considerations in the decisions and processes of finding permanent homes for vulnerable children. Focusing on the experiences of Muslim children in the care system, this chapter will begin a discussion about filling this gap in academic literature. There are approximately 4500 children of Muslim heritage in the care system in England and Wales, and this number is increasing. Through interviews with 41 social workers, foster carers, adoptive parents, prospective adoptive parents, and care leavers, this study presents a research-informed narrative of the layered and intersectional ways in which Muslim-heritage children experience and articulate their faith identities. The research findings presented in this chapter indicate that to ensure children’s well-being, social work practitioners and carers need to consider children’s identities in their entirety, including the dynamics influencing decision-making about their lives.
Islamic Social Ethics, Social Work and the Common Good: Learning from Western Contexts
Authors: Hussain Dilwar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter begins by looking at the changing landscape of social action and engagement, social capital and the role of faith groups and congregations in engaging socially. It then considers the ways in which Muslim communities are beginning to articulate a vision for social engagement based on the ideas of maṣlaḥa and maqāṣid. As we have seen in other chapters in this volume, these concepts have been regarded by many as an important theological foundation for social and ethical work in the public sphere. This chapter will dwell further on the origins of maṣlaḥa and look at different approaches towards it. While acknowledging the value of maṣlaḥa, the chapter will also assess some of its limitations and examine approaches that are being articulated by modern Muslim intellectuals to advance more egalitarian and inclusive social ethics. It will then suggest additional ways of grounding concerns around needs, social action and engagement in a way that can reflect a notion of the ‘common good’ – through the idea of human flourishing which is equated here to the Islamic notion of iḥsān, in order to move away from parochial outlooks and develop inclusive, universal visions that could nurture a more sophisticated conversation around our shared values and our shared future in Western contexts.
Public Values and Technological Change: Mapping how Municipalities Grapple with Data Ethics
Authors: Siffels Lotje , van den Berg David , Schäfer Mirko Tobias , Muis Iris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLocal governments in the Netherlands are increasingly undertaking data projects for public management. While the emergence of data practices and the application of algorithms for decision making in public management have led to a growing critical commentary, little actual empirical research has been conducted. Over the past few years, we have developed a research method that enables researchers to enter organisations not merely as researchers but also as experts on data ethics. Through participatory and ethnographic observation, the DEDA (Data Ethics Decision Aid) gives us special insight into ethics in local government. Where most research has focused on the theoretical aspects of data ethics, our approach offers a new perspective on data practices, by looking at how data ethics is done in public management. Our research provides insight into the state of data awareness within organisations that are mostly portrayed—within critical data studies—as homogeneous and monolithic entities. The distinct method developed at Utrecht Data School allows researchers to immerse themselves within organisations and closely observe data practices, discourses on ethics, and how organisations address challenges that arise as a consequence of datafication. For the purpose of this chapter, we analyse our field work with the DEDA through the lens of Mark Moore’s Strategic Triangle of Public Value. We show how our field work can give insight into how the three angles of the strategic triangle are shaped in practice. From this analysis we draw three conclusions. First, that ethical awareness of data projects is often low because data literacy among civil servants is limited. Second, that by not recognising the choices civil servants have to make as ethical or political choices, they can make decisions that go beyond their mandate. Third, that there is a dangerous tendency where ethical deliberation is sometimes seen as an obnoxious bureaucratic box ticking exercise, instead of being considered as a vital part of the design and build-up of a data project.
“Party like it’s December 31, 1983”: Supporting Data Literacy at CryptoParties
Authors: Kannengießer Sigrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe field of critical data studies has been deconstructing datafication, pointing out privacy risks in online communication, and criticising the surveillance and the exploitation of internet users. Research on civic tech and data activism seeks to analyse the ways in which different actors face the challenges posed by datafication and try to empower people to make informed decisions about their data.Data literacy becomes a crucial competence today as citizens face the challenges of living in datafied societies. Through a discussion of different concepts of literacy, the chapter characterises data literacy along four specific criteria: (1) citizens possess knowledge of datafication, the ambivalences and challenges they are forced to confront, (2) people have access to their personal data, and (3) they have the skills which are required to engage with data’s specific materiality.The definition of data literacy that is used here was developed in a study presented in this chapter that analysed the ways in which actors encourage and support data literacy at CryptoParties. CryptoParties are events where people meet to share knowledge and learn about critical data practices that allow secure online communication. As the study demonstrates, the diverse group of people who organise these events aim to enable and develop laypersons’ data literacy in an increasingly datafied world.In its discussion about CryptoParties, this chapter contributes to the research field of critical data studies on a general level, but more specifically, its focus is data literacy to demonstrate the ways in which civil society initiatives critically reflect on datafication and the complex risks to privacy posed by online communication.
Data Power and Counter-power with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Qiu Jack Linchuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow to make sense of China as a global data superpower? This chapter attempts to offer new insights that are historicised and holistic, considering China’s internal conflicts and its relations with the external world. It starts by outlining and debunking two myths about China, fetishising it as either dystopia or utopia. Then the dialectics of power and counter-power are introduced to shed light on the more complex Chinese reality that can only be fully comprehended, as this chapter argues, through the lenses of history and conflict. To illustrate this perspective, one that differs remarkably from the conventional wisdom that fixates on the powers that be (political and/or economic), this chapter provides an overview of the history of the computing and data industries in China that goes back to the early 1950s and traverses the Maoist and post-Mao eras with a certain continuity, while highlighting the crucial importance of geopolitics and national security concerns as well as internal class struggles and existential threats to the working people. Data power and counter-power are not only antithetical to each other, they also necessitate, reproduce, co-create, and strengthen one another; although in different historical contexts the specific constitution would vary. The chapter ends with an overall assessment of the Chinese model being neither utopic nor dystopic. Critical data studies should see China as an open-ended process of power/counter-power dynamism, full of conflicts.
Transnational Networks of Influence: The Twitter Presence of the Quantified Self and Maker Movements’ Organizational Elites
Authors: Schmitz Anne , Kirschner Heiko , Hepp Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the transnational Twitter followee-network of the Quantified Self (QS) and Maker movements. Based on a media ethnography as a pre-study, the following questions are addressed: How is the organisational elite of both pioneer communities connected? What patterns and peculiarities can be identified in terms of account types and thematic orientation? What similarities and differences exist between countries and between each community? The chapter sets out to explain the ways in which the organisational elite of the QS movement is represented as a network of opinion leaders, made up mostly of QS conference and meetup organisers with strong connections to tech entrepreneurs. The Maker movement is represented as a network of heterogeneous organisations which range from organisational accounts to tech companies, community platforms, and journalistic outlets as well as specific maker events and projects. Globally, both networks are dominated by members of their organisational elites which are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, which then go on to unfold their transnational influence. On this empirical basis, we argue that critical data studies should pay much more attention to the role played by pioneer communities and their partly invisible engagement in the global spread of imaginaries that promise to transform society through technology and data practices.
Fighting the “System”: A Pilot Project on the Opacity of Algorithms in Political Communication
Authors: Bonneau Jonathan , Grondin-Robillard Laurence , Ménard Marc , Mondoux André 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfter a triumphalist phase, digital social media are now under fire for a variety of reasons: they are accused of collecting and circulating personal data, producing fake news, personalising messages (creating echo chambers), radicalising opinion, and disrupting election processes. The legitimacy of election processes and digital social media’s contribution to the public sphere are now being questioned, and it is important to document and analyse these new dynamics of political communication. In particular, we need to consider the role played by automation of the production and circulation of political messages through the use of algorithms and artificial intelligence processes. What is the impact of personalised messages on the public sphere and public opinion, and what is at stake when thousands of “personalised” messages can be automatically created and delivered through microtargeting? With the future of the sense of “vivre-ensemble” at stake, can critical approaches save the day?
The Datafied Welfare State: A Perspective from the UK
Authors: Dencik Lina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe crisis emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic has elevated the relevance of the welfare state as well as the role of platforms and data infrastructures across key areas of public and social life. Whilst the crisis shed light on the ways in which these might intersect, the turn to data-driven systems in public administration has been a prominent development in several countries for quite some time. In this chapter I focus on the UK as a pertinent example of key trends at the intersection of technological infrastructures and the welfare state. In particular, using developments in UK welfare sectors as a lens, I advance a two-part argument about the ways in which data infrastructures are transforming state-citizen relations through on the one hand advancing an actuarial logic based on personalised risk and the individualisation of social problems (what I refer to as responsibilisation) and, on the other, entrenching a dependency on an economic model that perpetuates the circulation of data accumulation (what I refer to as rentierism). These mechanisms, I argue, fundamentally shift the ‘matrix of social power’ that made the modern welfare state possible and position questions of data infrastructures as a core component of how we need to understand social change.
Inside the Black Box: Perspectives and Attitudes of Civil Servants on Citizen Participation
Authors: Ruano José M. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the attitudes and perspectives of public managers on citizen participation processes in Madrid, Oslo, and Melbourne. A standardized questionnaire adapted to the three cities and in-depth interviews were used to conclude that the potential beneficial effects of citizen participation become more debatable at the moment of practical implementation. Despite the political-institutional differences between the three cities, all show the insufficiency of resources, weakness of cross-sectoral and multilevel coordination instruments, and a predominance of the interests of the stronger social groups over collective interests.
Mögliche Rollen der Energieversorger bei der E-Mobilität
Authors: Steiner Thomas , Rumo Etienne J. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie steigende Elektromobilität in der Schweiz sorgt für ein immer stärker werdendes Interesse sogenannter Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) an neuartigen Lösungsansätzen, damit sie diesen Markt gewinnbringend bedienen können. Das Fallbeispiel in diesem Kapitel zeigt den erfolgreichen Transformationsprozess der BKW AG auf, eines international tätigen Energie- und Infrastrukturunternehmens mit Sitz in Bern. Die BKW AG hat sich trotz der COVID-19-Pandemie gekonnt auf den strategischen Eintritt per 01.01.2021 in den Schweizer Elektromobilitätsmarkt vorbereitet. Durch ihre gezielte Organisationsentwicklung und starke Innovationskraft hat sie sich in diesem rapiden und womöglich disruptiv verändernden Umfeld resilient verhalten können. Das Fallbeispiel erörtert die für ein Energieversorgungsunternehmen wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktoren in Bezug auf diese Veränderungen im Bereich der Elektromobilität. Das Hauptaugenmerk bilden die veränderten Umweltfaktoren und die COVID-19-Pandemie. Es beleuchtet die Organisationsentwicklung im Sinne eines internen Corporate Venturing und nimmt Bezug auf das Thema Resilienz durch Innovation bei großen, etablierten Unternehmen.
Mit agilem Mindset zur Resilienz
Authors: Hunziker Alexander , Steiner Carole 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden fünf mehr oder weniger erfolgreiche Agilisierungsprojekte untersucht. Die Analyse dieser fünf Wege zu mehr Agilität und organisationaler Resilienz ergab, dass die agilen Methoden an sich kaum ein Problem darstellen, aber dass Verbesserungspotenzial in drei Bereichen besteht. Erstens haben sich einige Organisationen durch den Aufbau ihres Changeprojektes in eine schwierige Lage gebracht. Zweitens musste die Beteiligung der Mitarbeitenden neu gedacht werden, weil Führungskräfte paradox gefordert sind: Sie sollten gerade wegen der Verunsicherung ihre Führungsrolle explizit wahrnehmen, aber gleichzeitig sollten sie Führung abgeben – anderenfalls findet keine Selbstorganisation und somit keine wirkliche Agilisierung statt. Drittens zeigte sich, dass „Inner Work“ von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Gemeint ist damit die Entwicklung auf individueller Ebene und auf Ebene der Teamkultur, um Teams zu befähigen, mit den wegfallenden äußeren Strukturen zielführend umzugehen.
Prevalence of Bacillus cereus in dairy powders focusing on its toxigenic genes and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ibrahim Aml S. , Hafiz Nagah M. , Saad M. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBacillus cereus is a common environmental foodborne microorganism that is mainly found to harbor toxigenic genes with multiple antibiotic resistances and is linked to threatening the safety of dried milk in concern to powdered infant milk formula. In the current investigation, the mean value of B. cereus in 140 samples of powdered milk was 0.57 × 102 ± 0.182 × 102, 0.15 × 102 ± 0.027 × 102, 0.21 × 102 ± 0.035 × 102, and 0.32 × 102 ± 0.072 × 102 CFU/g in a percentage of 64.0 samples of whole milk powder, 43.3 of skim milk powder, 26.7 of powdered infant milk formula and 36.7 milk–cereal-based infant formula, respectively. The results revealed that B. cereus isolates were found to harbor toxigenic genes in the following percentages: 77.8, 2.0, 72.7, 16.2, and 67.7 for nhe, hbl, cytK, ces, and bceT, respectively. Despite all evaluated B. cereus strains were originated from dairy powders, they showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their harbored toxigenic cytK gene between whole and skim milk powders with powdered infant formula and milk–cereal-based infant formula, as well as between powdered infant formula and milk–cereal-based infant formula. All isolated B. cereus strains were resistant to cefoxitin, colistin sulfate, neomycin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, and penicillin. Based on the antimicrobial resistance of B. cereus strains to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between powdered infant milk formula and whole milk powder strains. This survey is one of few studies proceeded in Egypt to determine the prevalence of toxigenic B. cereus strains in milk–cereal-based infant formula and powdered infant formula as well as skim milk powder.
Using Intra‐Operative Laryngeal Ultrasonography as a Real‐Time Tool in Assessing Vocal Cord Function During Radiofrequency Ablation of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Fung Matrix Man Him , Lang Brian Hung Hin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInadvertent injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can occur during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of thyroid nodules. Methods to avoid permanent injury have not been described. Laryngeal ultrasonography (LUSG) can assess the function of vocal cords (VCs) in real time. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of LUSG in assessing real‐time VC function during RFA of benign thyroid nodules.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing RFA for benign thyroid nodules under local anesthesia were included. Spontaneous VC movements were checked with intra‐operative LUSG (iLUSG) following each transverse ablation plane. In case of reduced VC movement, the ablation was stopped immediately. Post‐ablation VC function was rechecked by LUSG on day‐0 and flexible laryngoscopy (FL) on day‐7. A concordance with day‐0 LUSG or day‐7 FL was a “true positive” or “true negative” depending on the presence or absence of VC palsy (VCP). Accuracy was calculated as the sum of all true positives and negatives divided by total nerves‐at‐risk.ResultsOf 65 eligible patients, 56 (86.2%) were females. Twelve (18.5%) patients had bilateral lobe RFA, while 53 (81.5%) had unilateral RFA. The total number of nerves‐at‐risk was 77. Three unilateral VCPs (3.9%) were initially detected on iLUSG and confirmed by day‐0 LUSG. All recovered fully within one week. The overall accuracy of iLUSG was 100%.ConclusioniLUSG is a highly accurate method that permits real‐time feedback on the function of the VCs during RFA procedure. Real‐time detection of VCP may prevent permanent injury. Methodological routine use of iLUSG is recommended during thyroid RFA.