bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Sural Nerve Pain
Authors: Cychosz Chris , Phisitkul Phinit , Glass Natalie , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Femino John E. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Ankle; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Somatic neuropathy is a common complication following foot and ankle surgery, trauma, or compression due to entrapment. Symptoms can be intense and debilitating. The Sural nerve is commonly affected and is at risk due to the location and proximity to frequently used surgical approaches. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcomes of sural nerve neurolysis and neurectomy with intramuscular burial for sural neuritis. Methods: IRB approval was obtained, and patients were identified who underwent operative treatment by two foot and ankle specialists for sural nerve related pain. Exclusion criteria included patients under the age of 18, prisoners, those who underwent concomitant osseous procedures, and less than 6-week follow-up. Demographics and preoperative outcomes including FFI, SF-36, FAAM, and VAS were recorded. Final follow-up questionnaires using PROMIS measures and FAAM were administered using REDCap. Results: The 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria for this study had a median age of 47 (interquartile range [IQR], 43 to 49) and had median follow-up of 33.7 months (IQR, 4.5 -73.2). Median FAAM ADL improved from 40.8 (IQR 38.1-51.3) preoperatively to 59.5 (IQR 47.6-76.2) postoperatively, p=0.032. FAAM Sports scores improved from 15.6 (IQR 9.4-21.9) to 31.3 (IQR 25.0-56.3) postoperatively, p=0.002. VAS scores improved from a median of 9.0 (IQR 7.0-9.0) to 4.5 (3.0-6.0), p<0.0001. At final follow-up patients reported PROMIS lower extremity function score median of 46.7 (IQR 36.7-51.2), PROMIS neuropathic pain quality score of 51.5 (IQR 45.5-60.2), and PROMIS pain interference of 55.7 (IQR 41.1-63.7). Patients with current or recent nicotine use, depression, anxiety, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) prior to surgery reported poorer outcomes. Conclusion: Neurectomy with burial or neurolysis can significantly improve symptoms for sural neuritis secondary to neuroma or nerve entrapment. Tobacco use, depression and anxiety are associated with poorer outcomes following surgery. Further research is needed to More clearly identify patients at risk for worse outcomes and perioperative factors that could allow interventions to optimize patient outcomes.
Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing Enhances the Understanding of Pathogens in Medically Intractable Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Kim Daeyoo , Park Gil Young , Yeon Lee Dong , Lee Dong-Oh , Yoon Youngsik 
Published: November 2022

Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The mainstay of the treatment is empiric antibiotics and surgical debridement in severe cases. Methods: In this study, we performed nanopore 16S rDNA sequencing from the debridement specimens of DFIs. Fifty-four surgical debridement specimens obtained from 45 patients with medically intractable DFI were included. The 16S rDNA PCR was performed on each specimen, and Nanopore sequencing was performed for up to 3 h. The reads were aligned to the BLAST database, and the results were compared with conventional culture studies. Results: The 16S sequencing results revealed that the majority of the DFIs (44 of 54, 81.5%) were polymicrobial infections. All bacteria isolated by conventional culture studies were detected by 16S sequencing. Several anaerobes (Prevotella, Finegoldia, Anaerococcus, Bacteroides) were commonly identified by 16S sequencing but were frequently missed by culture studies. In many cases, certain bacteria only revealed by the 16S sequencing were more abundant than the bacteria isolated by the culture studies. Conclusion: In conclusion, nanopore 16S sequencing was capable of pathogen identification in DFIs and has many advantages over conventional culture studies. Nanopore 16S sequencing enables a comprehensive understanding of the bacteria involved in DFIs.
Host-plant adaptation as a driver of incipient speciation in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Fiteni Estelle , Durand Karine , Gimenez Sylvie , Meagher Robert L. , Legeai Fabrice , Kergoat Gael J. , Nègre Nicolas , d’Alençon Emmanuelle , Nam Kiwoong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDivergent selection on host-plants is one of the main evolutionary forces driving ecological speciation in phytophagous insects. The ecological speciation might be challenging in the presence of gene flow and assortative mating because the direction of divergence is not necessarily the same between ecological selection (through host-plant adaptation) and assortative mating. The fall armyworm (FAW), a major lepidopteran pest species, is composed of two sympatric strains, corn and rice strains, named after two of their preferred host-plants. These two strains have been hypothesized to undergo incipient speciation, based on (i) several lines of evidence encompassing both pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolation, and (ii) the presence of a substantial level of genetic differentiation. Even though the status of these two strains has been established a long time ago, it is still yet to be found whether these two strains indeed exhibit a marked level of genetic differentiation from a large number of genomic loci. Here, we analyzed whole genome sequences from 56 FAW individuals either collected from pasture grasses (a part of the favored host range of the rice strain) or corn to assess the role of host-plant adaptation in incipient speciation.ResultsPrincipal component analysis of whole genome data shows that the pattern of divergence in the fall armyworm is predominantly explained by the genetic differentiation associated with host-plants. The level of genetic differentiation between corn and rice strains is particularly marked in the Z chromosome. We identified one autosomal locus and two Z chromosome loci targeted by selective sweeps specific to rice strain and corn strain, respectively. The autosomal locus has both increased DXYand FSTwhile the Z chromosome loci had decreased DXYand increased FST.ConclusionThese results show that the FAW population structure is dominated by the genetic differentiation between corn and rice strains. This differentiation involves divergent selection targeting at least three loci, which include a locus potentially causing reproductive isolation. Taken together, these results suggest the evolutionary scenario that host-plant speciation is a driver of incipient speciation in the fall armyworm.
Prevalence and factors associated with adverse drug reactions among heart failure patients hospitalized at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Shegena Efrata Ashuro , Nigussie Konjit Abebe , Tamukong Robert , Lumori Boniface Amanee Elias , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) of medications remains an obstacle to achieving optimal disease outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ADR among Heart failure (HF) patients hospitalized at Mbarara Regional and Referral Hospital.

Method
A prospective observational study was conducted among hospitalized HF patients from November 2021 to January 2022. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with the ADR.

Result
Overall, 118 HF patients were included in the study with a median age of 43 years. A total of 164 ADRs were identified during the follow-up period of 1011 days. The incidence of new ADRs was 106 ADRs/1000 person-days. The prevalence of ADR was 59.3%. Of the 164 ADRs, 118(71.9%) were probable. The gastrointestinal system was the most frequently (27.5%) affected system. Over half (86, 52.4%) of the ADRs were mild and 96(58.5%) were preventable. Age group 19–59(AOR 0.15[0.03–0.35] at 95%CI, p = 0.013), herbal use (AOR 3.07[1.01–9.32] at 95%CI, p = 0.048), poly-pharmacy (AOR 8.7[2.4–15.77] at 95%CI, p < 0.001) and drug-drug interaction (AOR 6.06[2.79–12.5] at 95%CI, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with ADRs among HF patients.

Conclusion
More than half of the hospitalized HF patients experienced at least one ADR during their hospital stay. The use of herbal medicines, poly-pharmacy, and drug-drug interaction were associated with a high risk of ARDs whereas the age group 19–59 years was less likely to experience ADRs.
Inequity in the healthcare utilization among latent classes of elderly people with chronic diseases and decomposition analysis in China
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yan Chaoyang , Han Dan , Wu Yunyi , Liao Hui , Ma Ying , Zhang Mei , Li Sangsang , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown chronic disease-based healthcare utilization inequity is common. Hence, exploring this issue can help in establishing targeted measures and protecting the rights and interests of vulnerable groups. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to explore the latent classification of elderly patients with chronic disease and compare healthcare utilization inequity among latent classes.

Methods
This study used the data of 7243 elderly patient with chronic diseases collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018. Latent class analysis was used to classify the patients with chronic diseases, and analysis of variance and $${x}^{2}$$

x

2

tests were utilized to test the differences in characteristics among latent classes. Healthcare utilization inequity was measured based on the concentration index (CI), and the CI was decomposed to compare the horizontal index of healthcare utilization among the latent classes.

Results
The patients with chronic diseases were divided into five latent classes, namely, the musculoskeletal system, hypertension, respiratory system, digestive system and cardiovascular system groups. Statistically significant differences in social demographic characteristics were observed among the five latent classes (P < 0.05). A pro-rich healthcare utilization inequity for all respondents was observed (outpatient CI = 0.080, inpatient CI = 0.135), and a similar phenomenon in latent classes was found except for the musculoskeletal system group in outpatient visits (CI = -0.037). The digestive system group had the worst equity (outpatient CI = 0.197, inpatient CI = 0.157) and the respiratory system group had the best (outpatient CI = 0.001, inpatient CI = 0.086). After balancing the influence of health need factors, healthcare utilization inequity was almost alleviated. Furthermore, for all respondents, the contribution of health need factors (65.227% for outpatient and 81.593% for inpatient) was larger than that of socioeconomic factors (-21.774% for outpatient and 23.707 for inpatient), and self-rated health status was the greatest contributor (57.167% for outpatient and 79.399% for inpatient). The characteristics were shown in latent classes.

Conclusions
Healthcare utilization inequity still exists in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and the specific performances of inequity vary among latent classes. Moreover, self-rated health status plays an important role in healthcare utilization inequity. Providing financial support to low-income patients with certain chronic diseases, focusing on their physical and mental feelings and guiding them to evaluate their health status correctly could be essential for alleviating healthcare utilization inequity among elderly patients with chronic diseases.
Epidemiology and outcomes of culture-positive bloodstream pathogens prior to and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a multicenter evaluation
Authors: Bauer Karri A. , Puzniak Laura A. , Yu Kalvin C. , Finelli Lyn , Moise Pamela , Ai ChinEn , Watts Janet A. , Gupta Vikas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. We evaluate incidence of community- and hospital-onset BSI rates and outcomes before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients who were hospitalized for ≥ 1 day with discharge or death between June 1, 2019, and September 4, 2021, across 271 US health care facilities. Community- and hospital-onset BSI and related outcomes before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, including intensive care admission rates, and overall and ICU-specific length of stay (LOS) was evaluated. Bivariate correlations were calculated between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods overall and by SARS-CoV-2 testing status.

Results
Of 5,239,692 patient admissions, there were 20,113 community-onset BSIs before the pandemic (11.2/1000 admissions) and 39,740 (11.5/1000 admissions) during the pandemic (P ≤ 0.0062). Corresponding rates of hospital-onset BSI were 2,771 (1.6/1000 admissions) and 6,864 (2.0/1000 admissions; P < 0.0062). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, rates of community-onset BSI were higher in patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (15.8/1000 admissions), compared with 9.6/1000 BSI admissions among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Compared with patients in the pre-pandemic period, SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with community-onset BSI experienced greater ICU admission rates (36.6% vs 32.8%; P < 0.01), greater ventilator use (10.7% vs 4.7%; P < 0.001), and longer LOS (12.2 d vs 9.1 d; P < 0.001). Rates of hospital-onset BSI were higher in the pandemic vs the pre-pandemic period (2.0 vs 1.5/1000; P < 0.001), with rates as high a 7.3/1000 admissions among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with hospital-onset BSI had higher rates of ICU admission (72.9% vs 55.4%; P < 0.001), LOS (34.8 d vs 25.5 d; P < 0.001), and ventilator use (52.9% vs 21.5%; P < 0.001). Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were more frequently detected in the pandemic period.

Conclusions and relevance
This nationally representative study found an increased risk of both community-onset and hospital-onset BSI during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, with the largest increased risk in hospital-onset BSI among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with worse outcomes.
Relationship between nosocomial infections and coronavirus disease 2019 in the neurosurgery unit: clinical characteristics and outcomes from a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital
Authors: Pan Shuang-Jun , Hou Yong , Yang Yu-Pei , Wang Geng-Ge , Chen Xiao-Yan , Qian Wei-Yang , Tung Tao-Hsin , Hu Xiao-Ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness of infection prevention and control. We found that the incidence of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery has changed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures” on nosocomial infections in neurosurgery.

Methods
To explore changes in nosocomial infections in neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical data of inpatients undergoing neurosurgery at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province between January 1 and April 30, 2020 (COVID-19 era) were first analyzed and then compared with those from same period in 2019 (first pre-COVID-19 era). We also analyzed data between May 1 and December 31, 2020 (post-COVID-19 era) at the same time in 2019 (second pre-COVID-19 era).

Results
The nosocomial infection rate was 7.85% (54/688) in the first pre-COVID-19 era and 4.30% (26/605) in the COVID-19 era (P = 0.01). The respiratory system infection rate between the first pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras was 6.1% vs. 2.0% (P < 0.01), while the urinary system infection rate was 1.7% vs. 2.0% (P = 0.84). Between the first pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras, respiratory system and urinary infections accounted for 77.78% (42/54) vs. 46.15% (12/26) and 22.22% (12/54) vs. 46.15% (12/26) of the total nosocomial infections, respectively (P < 0.01). Between the second pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras, respiratory system and urinary accounted for 53.66% (44/82) vs. 40.63% (39/96) and 24.39% (20/82) vs. 40.63% (39/96) of the total nosocomial infections, respectively (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
The incidence of nosocomial infections in neurosurgery reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduction was primarily observed in respiratory infections, while the proportion of urinary infections increased significantly.
Real-world assessment: effectiveness and safety of extended-release calcifediol and other vitamin D therapies for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients
Authors: Germain Michael J. , Paul Subir K. , Fadda George , Broumand Varshasb , Nguyen Andy , McGarvey November H. , Gitlin Matthew D. , Bishop Charles W. , Csomor Philipp , Strugnell Stephen , Ashfaq Akhtar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Extended-release calcifediol (ERC), active vitamin D hormones and analogs (AVD) and nutritional vitamin D (NVD) are commonly used therapies for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in adults with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). Their effectiveness for increasing serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and reducing elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), the latter of which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, has varied across controlled clinical trials. This study aimed to assess real-world experience of ERC and other vitamin D therapies in reducing PTH and increasing 25D.

Methods
Medical records of 376 adult patients with stage 3–4 CKD and a history of SHPT and VDI from 15 United States (US) nephrology clinics were reviewed for up to 1 year pre- and post-ERC, NVD or AVD initiation. Key study variables included patient demographics, concomitant usage of medications and laboratory data. The mean age of the study population was 69.5 years, with gender and racial distributions representative of the US CKD population. Enrolled patients were grouped by treatment into three cohorts: ERC (n = 174), AVD (n = 55) and NVD (n = 147), and mean baseline levels were similar for serum 25D (18.8–23.5 ng/mL), calcium (Ca: 9.1–9.3 mg/dL), phosphorus (P: 3.7–3.8 mg/dL) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: 30.3–35.7 mL/min/1.73m2). Mean baseline PTH was 181.4 pg/mL for the ERC cohort versus 156.9 for the AVD cohort and 134.8 pg/mL (p < 0.001) for the NVD cohort. Mean follow-up during treatment ranged from 20.0 to 28.8 weeks.

Results
Serum 25D rose in all cohorts (p < 0.001) during treatment. ERC yielded the highest increase (p < 0.001) of 23.7 ± 1.6 ng/mL versus 9.7 ± 1.5 and 5.5 ± 1.3 ng/mL for NVD and AVD, respectively. PTH declined with ERC treatment by 34.1 ± 6.6 pg/mL (p < 0.001) but remained unchanged in the other two cohorts. Serum Ca increased 0.2 ± 0.1 pg/mL (p < 0.001) with AVD but remained otherwise stable. Serum alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Real-world clinical effectiveness and safety varied across the therapies under investigation, but only ERC effectively raised mean 25D (to well above 30 ng/mL) and reduced mean PTH levels without causing hypercalcemia.
MAPK8IP2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and promote tumor progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Zeng Zhenhao , He Wenrui , Jiang Yi , Jiang Hao , Cheng Xiaofeng , Deng Wen , Zhou Xiaochen , Zhang Cheng , Wang Gongxian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
MAPK8IP2 is one of the JNK-interacting proteins (JIPs) family members, and is involved in the regulation of the JNK and P38 MAPK signaling pathways. MAPK8IP2 has been reported to be closely associated with several cancers. However, the biological function of MAPK8IP2 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear.

Methods
MAPK8IP2 expression in PCa and subgroups of PCa was analyzed by public databases. The prognostic role of MAPK8IP2 in prostate cancer was analyzed using the Cox regression method. The potential mechanism by which MAPK8IP2 affects PCa progression was investigated by utilizing public data, including genetic alteration, DNA methylation, m6A methylation, and immune infiltration data. We further performed in vitro assays to validate the effect of MAPK8IP2 on PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Results
MAPK8IP2 is highly expressed in PCa tissues. Overexpression of MAPK8IP2 is associated with adverse clinicopathological factors and a poor prognosis in PCa. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that MAPK8IP2 can distinguish PCa tissues from non-PCa tissues with a certain accuracy (AUC = 0.814). The MAPK8IP2 genetic alteration rate was 2.6% and MAPK8IP2 alterations correlated with a poor prognosis. We also found that CDK12 and TP53 mutations were associated with MAPK8IP2 expression. The DNA methylation level of MAPK8IP2 was higher in primary tumors than in normal tissues, and the high MAPK8IP2 DNA methylation group of PCa patients had poor survival. Enrichment analysis indicated that MAPK8IP2 was involved in the MAPK signaling pathway. In vitro, knockdown of MAPK8IP2 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Conclusion
MAPK8IP2 is a potential target for PCa treatment and can serve as a novel biomarker for PCa diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
The H2A.Z-KDM1A complex promotes tumorigenesis by localizing in the nucleus to promote SFRP1 promoter methylation in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Qi Yongqiang , Xiong Fei , Wang Da , Wang Bing , Chen Yongjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), originating from the bile ducts, is the second most common primary liver malignancy, and its incidence has recently increased. H2A.Z, a highly conserved H2A variant, is emerging as a key regulatory molecule in cancer. However, its underlying mechanism of action in ICC cells remains unclear.

Methods
Here, we examined the expression of H2A.Z and SFRP1 in normal intrahepatic cholangiocytes, ICC cell lines, ICC tissue microarrays, and fresh specimens. The correlations between H2A.Z or SFRP1 expression and clinical features were analysed. The overall survival rate was analysed based on H2A.Z and SFRP1 expression. Immunoprecipitation was used to analyse the recruitment of KDM1A, and ChIP sequencing and BSP were used to analyse the enrichment of methylation-related molecules such as H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 in the SFRP1 promoter and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Knockdown and rescue experiments were used to determine the potential mechanism by which H2A.Z and SFRP1 promote tumorigenesis in vitro.

Results
We showed that upregulation of H2A.Z expression is linked to downregulation of SFRP1 expression in ICC tissues and poor overall survival in patients with ICC. H2A.Z interacted with KDM1A in the nucleus to bind to the -151 ~ -136 bp region upstream of the SFRP1 promoter to increase its demethylation in ICC cells. Functionally, H2A.Z silencing inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells, and these effects were mitigated by SFRP1 silencing in ICC cells.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal that H2A.Z inhibits SFRP1 expression through chromatin modification in the context of ICC by forming a complex with KDM1A in the nucleus.