bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, microstructure, and nonlinear/linear optical parameters of polymeric‐based poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanocomposites films for optical attenuation applications
Authors: Nawar Ahmed Mahmoud , Ali Haitham Elhosiny , Khairy Yasmin , Awwad Nasser Sayed , Algarni Hamed , Shakir Mohamed , Sayed Mahmoud Ahmed , Fawy Khaled Fahmi , Alderhami Suliman Ahmed , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel proposed optical attenuator poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) doped PbS (NPs) nanoparticles nanocomposites films. The samples are fabricated by casting‐method to analyze the linear optical properties and estimate the nonlinear optical parameters. The crystal and molecular structure of the fabricated nanocomposites thick (PVA/PVP) films of different PbS (NPs) doping ratios were analyzed by XRD technique and FT‐IR, respectively. The semi‐crystalline nature of the fabricated PVA/PVP is influenced through all samples and the crystallinity is increased. The particle size of PbS (NPs) is increased in the doped samples and the strain parameter is increased. The measured transmission of the fabricated PVA/PVP doped PbS (NPs) films are decreased as the doping ratio of PbS (NPs) is increased. The absorption coefficient is incremented and shows large absorption values in the UV regions, may be utilized in UV‐blocking for saving the human skin, dramatically, and a noticed red‐shift in the edge of absorption for all samples as the doping ratio is increased. The most probable transition is indirect, and the evolved values of the energy gaps between HOMO and LUMO levels are decrement from 3.97 to 2.65 eV as doping ratio of PbS (NPs) is increased. Different models are utilized to evaluate the average values of the real refractive index (2.175–2.438). The fabricated PVA/PVP doped PbS (NPs) samples are investigated for normal light and laser attenuations. The mass attenuation coefficient increases, gradually, with increment of PbS (NPs), but the half value layer (HVL) parameter decreases with increasing of the doping ratio. These experimental results confirm the applicability of the fabricated samples to attenuate Red‐632 nm and Green‐532 nm laser radiation. It is possible to utilize PVA/PVP doped PbS (NPs) nanocomposites in different, wide‐scale optical filters.
Influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotube content on electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polyamide 12 composite
Authors: Han Baigang , Wang Yan , Zheng Yinsong , Tao Yongxiang , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional printing has proven to be a convenient and effective method for manufacturing structured electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with adjustable EMW absorption characteristics. In this study, composites of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polyamide 12 (PA12) were prepared via wet dispersion and mechanical ball milling followed by melt extrusion. The effects of different levels of MWCNT content on the EMW absorption and mechanical properties of the MWCNT/PA12 composite were examined. Within the MWCNT content from 7 to 12 wt%, the flexural strength of the composite increases with the addition of MWCNT, and the impact strength, tensile strength, and volume resistivity of the composite decrease with the addition MWCNT. With regard to the best impedance matching, when sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as the dispersant, the lowest reflection loss observed herein for the MWCNT/PA12 composite was −20 dB, which was achieved with an MWCNT content of 10 wt%. Furthermore, the composite exhibited superior mechanical properties. The tensile and flexural moduli of the composite were 18.85% and 33.97% higher than those of pure PA12, respectively. Moreover, the MWCNT/PA12 composite was proven to be a high performance modeling material suitable for fused deposition modeling. And the tensile strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of the printed samples can reach 94.45%, 92.94%, and 85.51% of those of the injection‐molded samples, respectively.
Experimental and numerical investigation on slurry erosion performance of hybrid glass/steel fiber reinforced polymer composites for marine applications
Authors: Agarwal Pankaj , Kumar Mukesh , Sharma Ankush , Choudhary Mahavir , Shekhawat Deepika , Patnaik Amar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe accelerating growth in the utilization of industrial waste to prepare sustainable material is gaining interest of researchers globally owing to their synergistic effect with enhanced performance and cost‐effective approach. This study mainly discussed the development of hybrid polymer composites by partial replacement of steel fiber in place of synthetic glass fiber to investigate the slurry erosion performance in an erosive environment. Initially, fabrication of hybrid glass/steel fiber reinforced polymer composites with different weight percentages (38, 37, 36, 35 wt%) glass fiber and (11, 12, 13, 14 wt%) steel fiber are fabricated through vacuum assisted resin transfer modeling (VARTM) technique. After that, steady‐state slurry erosion performance analysis is carried out by varying impact velocity (10–40 m/s), fiber loading (4:1 to 10:4), impingement angle (30°–90°), and slurry concentration (160–265 g/min) respectively in the slurry erosive environment. The observation indicates that at steady‐state conditions the maximum erosion rate lies within the range of 45°–75° by varying the impingement angle whereas the other factors remain constant. The experimental results are validated with different theoretical models as well as a numerical simulation model using computational fluid dynamics approach. Finally, Taguchi's design of experimental analysis (L16 orthogonal array design) is studied by varying all the four factors at‐a‐time to get the erosion rate of the hybrid composites. At the end, the simulated results depicted a clear picture of erodent particle trajectories, eroded surface, and streamlines, and all are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Prenatal ultrasound finding of atypical genitalia: Counseling, genetic testing and outcomes
Authors: van Bever Yolande , Groenenberg Irene A. L. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , Dessens Arianne B. , Hannema Sabine E. , Wolffenbuttel Katja P. , Diderich Karin E. M. , Hoefsloot Lies H. , Srebniak Malgorzata I. , Bruggenwirth Hennie T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report uptake of genetic counseling (GC) and prenatal genetic testing after the finding of atypical genitalia on prenatal ultrasound (US) and the clinical and genetic findings of these pregnancies.MethodsA retrospective cohort study (2017–2019) of atypical fetal genitalia in a large expert center for disorders/differences of sex development. We describe counseling aspects, invasive prenatal testing, genetic and clinical outcome of fetuses apparently without [group 1, n = 22 (38%)] or with [group 2, n = 36 (62%)] additional anomalies on US.ResultsIn group 1, 86% of parents opted for GC versus 72% in group 2, and respectively 58% and 15% of these parents refrained from invasive testing. Atypical genitalia were postnatally confirmed in 91% (group 1) and 64% (group 2), indicating a high rate of false positive US diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia. Four genetic diagnoses were established in group 1 (18%) and 10 in group 2 (28%). The total genetic diagnostic yield was 24%. No terminations of pregnancy occurred in group 1.ConclusionsFor optimal care, referral for an expert fetal US scan, GC and invasive diagnostics including broad testing should be offered after prenatal detection of isolated atypical genitalia.
Prenatal ultrasonographic features in Blomstrand osteochondrodysplasia: Antenatal case series confirmed by postmortem radiology and molecular diagnosis
Authors: Sarac Sivrikoz Tugba , Kalayci Tugba , Senturk Leyli , Karaman Volkan , Kalelioglu Ibrahim Halil , Has Recep , Kayserili Hulya , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Nishimura Gen , Altunoglu Umut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveBlomstrand osteochondrodysplasia (BOCD, MIM #215045) is an ultrarare lethal skeletal dysplasia (LSD) perinatally, characterized by extremely advanced bone maturation, generalized osteosclerosis, and severe tetramicromelia caused by biallelic loss‐of‐function mutations in the parathyroid hormone receptor‐1 gene (PTHR1). We aim to describe prenatal ultrasonographic features in a retrospective fetal case series of BOCD and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary antenatal evaluation of LSDs to improve the differential diagnosis.MethodPrenatal ultrasound findings of five fetal cases diagnosed with BOCD between 2000 and 2019 in the Prenatal Diagnosis Unit and Medical Genetics were reviewed, along with postmortem examination results and confirmatory molecular results.ResultsAll fetuses presented with severe sonographic findings of LSDs comprising tetramicromelia, thoracic hypoplasia, and retro‐micrognathia. Marked cervical hyperextension was present in three fetuses. Flared metaphyses were prenatally identified in only one fetus. X‐rays of four fetuses evaluated postmortem showed advanced bone maturation, generalized osteosclerosis, and dumbbell‐like appearance of long bones due to metaphyseal enlargement.ConclusionThe presence of retro‐micrognathia along with a protruding tongue and severe metaphyseal flaring can suggest a diagnosis of BOCD, when prenatal ultrasound findings are indicative for LSD. The diagnosis can be ascertained through postmortem clinical and radiological evaluation and/or molecular testing.
The sensitivity of the behavior of water penetrating polypropylene matrix composites on short‐shot process parameters
Authors: Yu Zhong , Huang Yi‐Bin , Liu He‐Sheng , Zhang Kai , Shang‐Guan Yuan‐Shuo , Kuang Tang‐Qing , Jiang Shi‐Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater‐assisted injection molding of polymer matrix composites effectively combines the advantages of both the materials and technique and is now emerging into the limelight. Pipe hole length and pipe thickness are important indices of the products of this process and can be used to describe the water penetration behavior. In this paper, the sensitivity of water penetration behavior on the main process parameters was studied. The study shows that the water penetration behavior is most sensitive to the melt injection volume percent. For example, as the melt injection volume percent is increased, the pipe hole length is decreased from 231 mm to 116 mm, and its fluctuation is increased from 0.9% to 7.1%. The pipe thickness shows a significant change in the rear parts of the main cavity, followed by the water pressure and delay time, and, finally, the melt temperature. Furthermore, the pipe thickness in the middle of the main cavity is found to be the most sensitive to these process parameters. The above results provide certain guidance for adjusting the process parameters of the short‐shot method.
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the high temperature catalytic activity of PVDF‐g‐MAH/V2O5 nanocomposite toward transesterification reaction
Authors: Thamizhlarasan Anbarasan , Vignesh Ramamoorthi , Anbarasan Ramasamy , Tung Kuo‐Lun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFunctionalization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was carried out by two different methodology namely, aza‐Michael addition and free radical reaction from the dehydrofluorinated PVDF. Functionalization agents like 2MI, CR, and indole were grafted onto KOH treated PVDF via aza‐Michael addition reaction whereas MAH and MI were grafted onto the same via free radical reaction. The functionalized PVDF was characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, WCA measurement, SEM, and EDX. Further, the MAH grafted PVDF was doped with V2O5 nanoparticles to form a catalytic membrane. Transesterification reaction (TER) was done using the PVDF‐g‐MAH/V2O5 membrane but ended with negative results due to the low residential time. Hence, it was done in a conventional technique in the presence of pieces of membrane material as a template. The product with the red shift in the absorbance spectrum confirmed the TER.
Synthesis and acoustic properties study of castor‐oil‐based polyurethane foams with the addition of graphene‐oxide‐modified straw fibers
Authors: Yang Keyao , Chen Shuming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyurethane foam (PUF) can absorb sound by air friction and structural vibrations of cell walls. It is widely used as acoustic material in the automotive industry. According to existing studies, graphene oxide (GO) can improve the acoustic properties of PUF. However, GO tends to coalesce inside PUF. In this paper, straw fibers were modified with different concentrations of GO solution to embed GO on the surface of plant fibers. The GO was dispersed in the PUF using straw fibers. In addition, some studies show that the wrinkled morphology of the GO surface is believed to play a mechanical interlocking role in improving interfacial bonding, thus enhancing the stress transfer between the plant fibers and the polyurethane (PU) matrix and improving the mechanical properties of the PU composites. The acoustic and mechanical properties of the modified PU materials were observed by treating plant fibers with appropriate amounts of GO solution. The experimental study shows that the sample modified with 1 g L−1 GO solution reaches a maximum average sound absorption coefficient of 0.5838 when the straw fiber content reaches 0.5 g, and the sample modified with 2 g L−1 GO solution reaches a maximum transmission loss of 10.5333 when the straw fiber content reaches 1 g. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Targeted proteomics on its way to discovery
Authors: Mendes Marta L. , Dittmar Gunnar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a long time, targeted and discovery proteomics covered different corners of the detection spectrum, with targeted proteomics focused on small target sets. This changed with the recent advances in highly multiplexed analysis. While discovery proteomics still pushes higher numbers of identified and quantified proteins, the advances in targeted proteomics rose to cover large parts of less complex proteomes or proteomes with low protein detection counts due to dynamic range restrictions, like the blood proteome. These new developments will impact, especially on the field of biomarker discovery and the possibility of using targeted proteomics for diagnostic purposes.
A review of mass spectrometry‐based analyses to understand COVID‐19 convalescent plasma mechanisms of action
Authors: Baros‐Steyl Seanantha S. , Al Heialy Saba , Semreen Ahlam H. , Semreen Mohammad H. , Blackburn Jonathan M. , Soares Nelson C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a worldwide pandemic claiming several thousands of lives worldwide. During this pandemic, several studies reported the use of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) from recovered patients to treat severely or critically ill patients. Although this historical and empirical treatment holds immense potential as a first line of response against eventual future unforeseen viral epidemics, there are several concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of this approach. This critical review aims to pinpoint the possible role of mass spectrometry‐based analysis in the identification of unique molecular component proteins, peptides, and metabolites of CCP that explains the therapeutic mechanism of action against COVID‐19. Additionally, the text critically reviews the potential application of mass spectrometry approaches in the search for novel plasma biomarkers that may enable a rapid and accurate assessment of the safety and efficacy of CCP. Considering the relative low‐cost value involved in the CCP therapy, this proposed line of research represents a tangible scientific challenge that will be translated into clinical practice and help save several thousand lives around the world, specifically in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Evaluation of surface meteorology parameters and heat fluxes from CFSR and ERA5 over the Pacific Arctic Region
Authors: Kong Bin , Liu Na , Fan Long , Lin Lina , Yang Lei , Chen Hongxia , Wang Yingjie , Zhang Yuyuan , Xu Yida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurface meteorological parameters and heat fluxes play a crucial role in air–sea (ice) interactions. In this study, the accuracy of surface meteorological parameters and air–sea heat flux data obtained from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the fifth‐generation European Center for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA5) over the Pacific Arctic Region were evaluated. Data from two buoys and 11 cruises provided by the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition were used in this evaluation. The observational data were independent of the reanalysis products. In open water, the meteorological data from CFSR and ERA5 corresponded reasonably well with the observational data. However, the heat flux data from both CFSR and ERA5 showed poor accuracy, especially for shortwave radiation. Buoy data showed that the Bering Sea has changed from absorbing heat from the atmosphere to releasing heat into the atmosphere in mid‐September. Both CFSR and ERA5 could accurately simulate the timing of this directional shift in the net heat flux over the Bering Sea surface. In general, CFSR overestimated and ERA5 underestimated the net heat flux over the Bering Sea surface. In the ice region, ERA5 overestimated the meteorological parameters. The bias of ERA5 meteorological parameters is less affected by changes in sea ice concentration than that of CFSR. In addition, we found that the parameterization scheme was not the dominant cause of the discrepancies in the turbulent heat flux data from the buoys and reanalysis products. Among the meteorological parameters, for both ERA5 and CFSR versus the buoy, air temperature and specific humidity error were the largest sources of discrepancy for sensible heat flux and latent heat flux respectively.
Effect of COVID‐19 on the performance of Islamic and conventional GCC banks
Authors: Abdulla Yomna , Ebrahim Yousif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of the COVID‐19 crisis on the performance of 49 listed banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, during the period from the first quarter of 2017 through the third quarter of 2020. The findings reveal that GCC banks were negatively affected by the pandemic. However, Islamic banks have performed better than conventional banks. The results also show that the banks in Saudi Arabia and UAE were affected more than the banks in other GCC countries. We also show that Islamic banks which are government‐linked, those that are large and those with high loan ratios were more affected by the pandemic. Overall, we argue that Islamic banks can play a significant role in the recovery of GCC countries from the consequences of the pandemic.
Trial emulation and survival analysis for disease incidence registers: A case study on the causal effect of pre‐emptive kidney transplantation
Authors: Olarte Parra Camila , Waernbaum Ingeborg , Schön Staffan , Goetghebeur Els 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen drawing causal inference from observed data, failure time outcomes present additional challenges of censoring often combined with other missing data patterns. In this article, we follow incident cases of end‐stage renal disease to examine the effect on all‐cause mortality of starting treatment with transplant, so‐called pre‐emptive kidney transplantation, vs starting with dialysis possibly followed by delayed transplantation. The question is relatively simple: which start‐off treatment is expected to bring the best survival for a target population? To address it, we emulate a target trial drawing on the long term Swedish Renal Registry, where a growing common set of baseline covariates was measured nationwide. Several lessons are learned which pertain to long term disease registers more generally. With characteristics of cases and versions of treatment evolving over time, informative censoring is already introduced in unadjusted Kaplan‐Meier curves. This leads to misrepresented survival chances in observed treatment groups. The resulting biased treatment association may be aggravated upon implementing IPW for treatment. Aware of additional challenges, we further recall how similar studies to date have selected patients into treatment groups based on events occurring post treatment initiation. Our study reveals the dramatic impact of resulting immortal time bias combined with other typical features of long‐term incident disease registers, including missing covariates during the early phases of the register. We discuss feasible ways of accommodating these features when targeting relevant estimands, and demonstrate how more than one causal question can be answered relying on the no unmeasured baseline confounders assumption.
Core–Shell Carbon‐Based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts Derived from COF@MOF Hybrid for Advanced Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jingyun , Chen Junxiang , Chen Kai , Wen Zhenhai , Huang Aisheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of highly active carbon‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desired, but still full of challenges in rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained great attention for various applications due to their attractive features of structural tunability, high surface area and high porosity. Herein, a core–shell structured carbon‐based hybrid electrocatalyst (H‐NSC@Co/NSC), which contains high density active sites of MOF‐derived shell (Co/NSC) and COF‐derived hollow core (H‐NSC), is successfully fabricated by direct pyrolysis of covalently‐connected COF@ZIF‐67 hybrid. The core–shell H‐NSC@Co/NSC hybrid manifests excellent catalytic properties toward both OER and ORR with a small potential gap (∆E = 0.75 V). The H‐NSC@Co/NSC assembled Zn–air battery exhibits a high power‐density of 204.3 mW cm−2and stable rechargeability, outperforming that of Pt/C+RuO2assembled Zn–air battery. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic structure of the carbon frameworks on the Co/NSC shell can be effectively modulated by the embedded Co nanoparticles (NPs), facilitating the adsorption of oxygen intermediates and leading to enhanced catalytic activity. This work will provide a strategy to design highly‐efficient electrocatalysts for application in energy conversion and storage.
Deep‐Penetrating Triple‐Responsive Prodrug Nanosensitizer Actuates Efficient Chemoradiotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Models
Authors: Tang Xiaohu , Du Xiaomeng , Yu Yanting , Qin Meng , Qian Lili , Zhang Meng , Yang Yan , Yu Qingsong , Gan Zhihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the most accepted treatment for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and can significantly improve the R0 resection rate. However, there are few long‐term survivors after CRT. Although some polymer nanoparticles have shown potential in alleviating the dose‐limiting toxicity and assisting the chemotherapy of PDAC, there are few efficient nanosensitizers (NS) available for CRT of this malignancy, especially in the context of its hypoxic nature. Herein, based on the biological features of PDAC, a γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)/glutathione (GSH)/hypoxia triple‐responsive prodrug NS to overcome the biological barrier and microenvironmental limitations confronted by CRT in PDAC is developed. Due to triple‐responsiveness, deep tumor penetration, GSH/hypoxia‐responsive drug release/activation, and hypoxia‐induced chemoradio‐sensitization can be simultaneously achieved with this NS. As a result, tumor shrinkage after CRT with this NS can be observed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC models, foreshadowing its potential in clinical neoadjuvant CRT.