bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran
Authors: Sabour Sahar , Teimourpour Amir , Mohammadshahi Jafar , Peeridogaheh Hadi , Teimourpour Roghayeh , Azimi Taher , Hosseinali Zahra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShigellosis is one of the acute bowel infections and remains a serious public health problem in resource-poor countries. The present study aimed to survey the distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in northwest Iran. In the present cross-sectional study, from January 2019 to December 2020, 1280 fecal samples were collected from children with diarrhea in Ardabil, Iran. Multiplex PCR assay was applied for the presence of ipaH, invC, wbgZ, rfpB, and rfc genes to detect Shigella spp., Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii, respectively. Phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing isolates was carried out using the Double Disc Test (DDT). The frequency of main ESBL encoding genes including blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM was detected using multiplex PCR. The genetic similarity of S. sonnei isolates was determined using ERIC PCR. A total of 49 Shigella isolates (3.8%; 49/1280) including 42 (85.7%) S. sonnei, 5 (10.2%) S. flexneri, and 2 (4%) S. dysenteriae were identified. S. boydii was not detected in any fecal samples. ESBLs were produced by 10.2% of Shigella spp. including 3 S. sonnei, 1 S. flexneri, and 1 S. dysenteriae. The ESBL encoding genes include blaCTX-M and blaTEM found in 65.3% and 61.2% of isolates, respectively. blaSHV gene was not detected in any isolates. The ERIC-PCR profiles allowed the differentiation of 42 S. sonnei strains into 6 clusters. Our study revealed a high frequency of ESBL-encoding genes among Shigella spp. in northwest Iran. The high prevalence of S. sonnei harboring ESBL genes, in the present work, is the main challenge for dysentery treatment, and this concern justifies the need for effective and regular monitoring of antibiotic usage among patients.
Normal size of benign upper neck nodes on MRI: parotid, submandibular, occipital, facial, retroauricular and level IIb nodal groups
Authors: Ai Qi Yong H. , So Tiffany Y. , Hung Kuo Feng , King Ann D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Nodal size is an important imaging criterion for differentiating benign from malignant nodes in the head and neck cancer staging. This study evaluated the size of normal nodes in less well-documented nodal groups in the upper head and neck on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
Analysis was performed on 289 upper head and neck MRIs of patients without head and neck cancer. The short axial diameters (SAD) of the largest node in the parotid, submandibular, occipital, facial, retroauricular and Level IIb of the upper internal jugular nodal groups were documented and compared to the commonly used threshold of ≥ 10 mm for diagnosis of a malignant node.

Results
Normal nodes in the parotid, occipital, retroauricular and Level IIb groups were small with a mean SAD ranging from 3.8 to 4.4 mm, nodes in the submandibular group were larger with a mean SAD of 5.5 mm and facial nodes were not identified. A size ≥ 10 mm was found in 0.8% of submandibular nodes. Less than 10% of the other nodal group had a SAD of ≥ 6 mm and none of them had a SAD ≥ 8 mm.

Conclusion
To identify malignant neck nodes in these groups there is scope to reduce the size threshold of ≥ 10 mm to improve sensitivity without substantial loss of specificity.
Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases
Authors: Tian Yaomei , Hu Die , Li Yuhua , Yang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions to combat newly emerging and re-emerging diseases. Prophylactic vaccines against rabies, measles, etc., have excellent effectiveness in preventing viral infection and associated diseases. However, the host immune response is unable to inhibit virus replication or eradicate established diseases in most infected people. Therapeutic vaccines, expressing specific endogenous or exogenous antigens, mainly induce or boost cell-mediated immunity via provoking cytotoxic T cells or elicit humoral immunity via activating B cells to produce specific antibodies. The ultimate aim of a therapeutic vaccine is to reshape the host immunity for eradicating a disease and establishing lasting memory. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines have been developed for the treatment of some infectious diseases and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Various technological strategies have been implemented for the development of therapeutic vaccines, including molecular-based vaccines (peptide/protein, DNA and mRNA vaccines), vector-based vaccines (bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines and yeast-based vaccines) and cell-based vaccines (dendritic cell vaccines and genetically modified cell vaccines) as well as combinatorial approaches. This review mainly summarizes therapeutic vaccine-induced immunity and describes the development and status of multiple types of therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, such as those caused by HPV, HBV, HIV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, that have been evaluated in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
Development of Machine Learning Algorithms Incorporating Electronic Health Record Data, Patient-Reported Outcomes, or Both to Predict Mortality for Outpatients With Cancer
Authors: Parikh Ravi B. , Hasler Jill S. , Zhang Yichen , Liu Manqing , Chivers Corey , Ferrell William , Gabriel Peter E. , Lerman Caryn , Bekelman Justin E. , Chen Jinbo 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSEMachine learning (ML) algorithms that incorporate routinely collected patient-reported outcomes (PROs) alongside electronic health record (EHR) variables may improve prediction of short-term mortality and facilitate earlier supportive and palliative care for patients with cancer.METHODSWe trained and validated two-phase ML algorithms that incorporated standard PRO assessments alongside approximately 200 routinely collected EHR variables, among patients with medical oncology encounters at a tertiary academic oncology and a community oncology practice.RESULTSAmong 12,350 patients, 5,870 (47.5%) completed PRO assessments. Compared with EHR- and PRO-only algorithms, the EHR + PRO model improved predictive performance in both tertiary oncology (EHR + PRO v EHR v PRO: area under the curve [AUC] 0.86 [0.85-0.87] v 0.82 [0.81-0.83] v 0.74 [0.74-0.74]) and community oncology (area under the curve 0.89 [0.88-0.90] v 0.86 [0.85-0.88] v 0.77 [0.76-0.79]) practices.CONCLUSIONRoutinely collected PROs contain added prognostic information not captured by an EHR-based ML mortality risk algorithm. Augmenting an EHR-based algorithm with PROs resulted in a more accurate and clinically relevant model, which can facilitate earlier and targeted supportive care for patients with cancer.
Germline Genetic and Treatment-Related Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and St Jude Lifetime Cohorts
Authors: Richard Melissa A. , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Rathore Nisha , Baedke Jessica , Brown Austin L. , Chanock Stephen J. , Friedman Danielle N. , Gramatges M. Monica , Howell Rebecca M. , Kamdar Kala Y. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Meacham Lillian R. , Morton Lindsay M. , Oeffinger Kevin , Robison Leslie L. , Sapkota Yadav , Sklar Charles A. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Bhatia Smita , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE To characterize germline genetic risk factors of diabetes mellitus among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS Adult survivors of childhood cancer from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) Original Cohort (n = 5,083; 383 with diabetes) were used to conduct a discovery genome-wide association study. Replication was performed using the CCSS Expansion (n = 2,588; 40 with diabetes) and the St Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE; n = 3,351; 208 with diabetes) cohorts. Risk prediction models, stratified on exposure to abdominal radiation, were calculated using logistic regression including attained age, sex and body mass index, diagnosis, alkylating chemotherapy, age at cancer diagnosis, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) on the basis of 395 diabetes variants from the general population. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for models on the basis of traditional risk factors, clinical risk factors, and PRS. RESULTS There was a genome-wide significant association of rs55849673-A with diabetes among survivors (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0 to 4.2; P = 3.7 × 10−8), which is related to expression of ERCC6L2 in the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. The association of rs55849673-A was observed largely among survivors not exposed to abdominal radiation (odds ratio = 3.5, P = 1.1 × 10−7) and the frequency of rs55849673-A was consistently higher among diabetic survivors in the CCSS Expansion and SJLIFE cohorts. Risk prediction models including traditional diabetes risk factors, clinical risk factors and PRS had an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.801, with an AUC of 0.751 in survivors treated with abdominal radiation versus 0.813 in survivors who did not receive abdominal radiation. CONCLUSION There is evidence for a novel locus of diabetes among survivors not exposed to abdominal radiation. Further refinement and validation of clinic-based risk prediction models for diabetes among long-term survivors of childhood cancer is warranted.
Effect of continuously variable material parameters on dynamic stability of viscoelastic dielectric elastomers
Authors: Zhang Junshi , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As is known, the internal material parameters of dielectric elastomers (DEs) may largely affect the corresponding electromechanical performances. In this article, the dynamic stability analysis of viscoelastic DEs with different material parameters is investigated by using the continuous method. Several affecting material parameters, including the geometrical size, viscous damping, limiting stretch, and shear modulus, are considered, respectively. Continuous variation of geometrical size is found to induce the dynamic instability of DE, while the viscous damping and limiting stretch have limited connection with the occurrence of dynamic instability. Furthermore, increase in the ratio of the shear modulus also causes the dramatic jump of dynamic deformation of DE membranes.
MicroRNAs Associated With Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Flowers Elena , Aouizerat Bradley E , Kanaya Alka M , Florez Jose C , Gong Xingyue , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short (ie, 18-26 nucleotide) regulatory elements of messenger RNA translation to amino acids.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess whether miRs are predictive of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis (n = 1000) of a subset of the DPP cohort that leveraged banked biospecimens to measure miRs. We used random survival forest and Lasso methods to identify the optimal miR predictors and the Cox proportional hazards to model time to T2D overall and within intervention arms.

Results
We identified 5 miRs (miR-144, miR-186, miR-203a, miR-205, miR-206) that constituted the optimal predictors of incident T2D after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 2.81, 95% CI 2.05, 3.87; P &lt; .001). Predictive risk scores following cross-validation showed the HR for the highest quartile risk group compared with the lowest quartile risk group was 5.91 (95% CI 2.02, 17.3; P &lt; .001). There was significant interaction between the intensive lifestyle (HR 3.60, 95% CI 2.50, 5.18; P &lt; .001) and the metformin (HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.47, 5.00; P = .001) groups compared with placebo. Of the 5 miRs identified, 1 targets a gene with prior known associations with risk for T2D.

Conclusion
We identified 5 miRs that are optimal predictors of incident T2D in the DPP cohort. Future directions include validation of this finding in an independent sample in order to determine whether this risk score may have potential clinical utility for risk stratification of individuals with prediabetes, and functional analysis of the potential genes and pathways targeted by the miRs that were included in the risk score.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women—A J-shaped Relationship
Authors: Mukama Trasias , Johnson Theron , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and mortality is of scientific and public health interest, yet it remains poorly understood.

Objective
We examined the association between DHEAS and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in middle-aged and older men and women.

Methods
DHEAS was measured in stored serum samples collected from 1994 to 1998 from a case-cohort nested within EPIC-Heidelberg, that included 7370 men (mean age = 55.0) and women (mean age = 52.4 years). Median follow-up for incident mortality events was 17.7 years. All deaths due to cancer (n = 1040), cardiovascular diseases (n = 598), and all causes (n = 2407) that occurred in EPIC-Heidelberg until end of 2014 were included.

Results
The association between DHEAS and mortality was nonlinear such that both participants in the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) sex- and 5-year age-group specific quintiles of DHEAS were at increased hazard ratios (HR) of mortality from cardiovascular [Q1: HR = 1.83 (95% CI: 1.33-2.51), Q5: 1.39 (1.00-1.94)], cancer [Q1: 1.27 (1.01-1.60), Q5: 1.27 (1.02-1.60)] and all causes [Q1: 1.51 (1.25-1.82), Q5: 1.31 (1.08-1.58)], compared with participants in Q3. In men and women with below-median DHEAS levels, doubling of DHEAS was associated with lower hazards of cardiovascular [0.87, (0.78-0.96)], cancer [0.90, (0.83-0.97)], and total mortality [0.89, (0.83-0.95)]. In contrast, a doubling in DHEAS among participants with above-median levels was associated with 1.20, (1.01-1.42), 1.28, (1.01-1.62), and 1.19 (1.03-1.37) higher hazards of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular, and all causes, respectively.

Conclusion
In this large population-based study, DHEAS showed a J-shaped association with mortality. Both participants with lowest and highest levels experienced higher hazards of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes.
Additional Azaphilones from the Marine Algae-Derived Fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum with Anti-Angiogenic Activity
Authors: Chen Shu-Rong , Wang Shih-Wei , Chen Ching-Yeu , Ke Tzu-Yi , Lin Jue-Jun , Hwang Tsong-Long , Huang Yi-Ting , Huang Yu-Ching , Cheng Yuan-Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sixteen azaphilone derivatives, including four new compounds, penicilazaphilones H and I (1 and 2), 11-epi-geumsanol F (3), and 11-epi-geumsanol B (4), together with twelve known analogues (5–16), were isolated from the algae-derived fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum purified from fresh marine macroalgae Grateloupia sp. The planar structures of 1–4 were identified by HRESIMS, IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by comparing the NMR and ECD spectra. These secondary metabolites were evaluated on the anti-angiogenic effect in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). As a result, compounds 12, 14, and 16 exhibited anti-angiogenic activities by blocking cell growth, migration, and tube formation of EPCs. Additionally, the structure–activity relationships (SAR) for anti-angiogenic effects of isolated azaphilones were deduced.
Pancreatic endometrioma : a rare differential diagnosis for a pseudocyst
Authors: AlNuaimi Dana , Akmal Yasir , AlDuaij Ahmad , Sherif Ahmed , Abdulghaffar Shareefa , Cem Balci Numan 
Published: December 2022

Pancreatic endometriosis is extremely rare with only 14 cases reported in the medical literature and its diagnosis on radiological imaging poses a great challenge. We report a case of a 31-year-old female patient with recurrent admissions for pancreatitis of unknown aetiology and no relevant previous medical history. Sectional imaging showed a cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas and the diagnosis of a post-pancreatitis pseudocyst or a less likely pre-malignant mucinous cystadenoma was considered.On post-robotic resection of the pancreatic cyst, the histopathology analysis was positive for endometrial stroma. Pancreatic endometriosis although rare should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cystic lesions especially in patients who are known to have pelvic endometriosis. Nevertheless, the gold standard for the definite diagnosis of pancreatic endometriosis remains histopathological.
Effect of 8 weeks CrossFit exercises on high school students during a physical fitness program
Authors: Mime Mokhtar , Hamzaoui Hakim , Benchehida Abdelkader , Cherara Lalia 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CrossFit exercises over a period of 8 weeks in a group of high school students during their physical education sessions at the school. and to mitigate the deficits in fitness caused by COVID-19 prevention measures.
Material and methods: 94 students subject aged (16– 17) years were randomly allocated into an included 46 students (2nd level:12 men 11 women; 3rd level: 12 men 11 women) and 1 control group included 48 students (2nd level:13 men 11 women; 3rd level: 13 men 12 women Experimental group (EG) that performed the 8 weeks CrossFit exercises and control group (CG). Physical fitness tests were done: lifting straight legs in height (number times); running on the spot with an intensity of 70% of the maximum to severe fatigue (c); "Shuttle" run 4 × 9 m (with); 60 m run (s) and cross twine (cm). Results: there are considering changes, development of the maximum dynamic force endurance, speed abilities, flexibility and mobility in the hip joints of the main groups, In the age aspect, there is mainly the improvement in results with age, both in the main and control groups (p>0,05). Conclusion: the study achieved a significant improvement in the physical condition of the students, also allows to talk about the effectiveness of training, built on the basis of a motivated choice of the target CrossFit high school program.
Perioperative pressure injury prevention: National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel root cause analysis toolkit 3.0
Authors: Tescher Ann , Deppisch Michelle , Munro Cassendra , Jorgensen Vince , Cuddigan Janet 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Operating room-related pressure injuries (ORPI) are particularly challenging to examine for several reasons. Time in the OR is often a distinct event within the hospitalisation, and discovery of an ORPI may occur between several hours and up to 5 days postoperatively. The National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) first developed a root cause analysis (RCA) toolkit in 2017 as a systematic strategy for investigating the root causes of facility-acquired pressure injury (PI). The purpose of this 2021 RCA toolkit update was to address an expanded investigation of medical device-related PIs (MDRPIs), both inside and outside the OR, as well as the specific PI prevention issues of the perioperative area. Methods: Clinicians have been using the 2017 toolkit as a basis for ongoing quality improvement tracking, since it provides more accurate information than data extractions from patient health records. A small working group consisting of NPIAP board and panel members developed investigative questions to identify the ORPI root causes and compliance with best practices for the entire perioperative experience. Results: Action items are linked to evidence-based recommendations from the NPIAP/European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel/Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance 2019 International Guideline and the Association of PeriOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) Guidelines for Perioperative Practice. A multidisciplinary clinician guide was also developed to identify practice gaps and to compile the information into an action plan for staff education and/or process improvement. Conclusion: The updated NPIAP RCA toolkit provides mechanisms for investigating, compiling and trending data as a basis for data-driven quality improvement. Using the enhanced investigative tools, the root causes of both MDRPIs and ORPIs can be better understood to target efforts to reduce their occurrence.
Development and evaluation of recombinant E2 protein based IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of antibodies to Chikungunya virus
Authors: Guo Meijun , Du Shanshan , Lai Lijin , Wu Wei , Huang Xiaoxia , Li Aqian , Li Hao , Li Chuan , Wang Qin , Sun Lina , Liu Tiezhu , Tian Tingting , Wang Shiwen , Liang Mifang , Li Dexin , Xie Chun , Li Jiandong 
Published: December 2022

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) reemerged and caused millions of human infections since 2004. The disease could be established, when the virus has been introduced to areas where the appropriate vectors are endemic. The differential diagnosis of CHIKV infection varies based on place of residence, travel history, and exposures. Serological tests are commonly used to diagnose CHIKV infection, but their availability and assessments of the performance of the diagnostics have been limited.

Objectives
To develop and evaluate antibodies detection methods for chikungunya diagnosis and serological investigation.

Methods
Recombinant E2 protein based IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Mac-ELISA) and double antigen sandwich ELISA (Das-ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Chikungunya virus were developed and evaluated. The repeatability was evaluated by testing of three reference sera at single dilutions in triplicated for 5 times. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and agreement of the MAC-ELISA and Das-ELISA were obtained by comparing the detection results of 225 serum samples (45 positive; 180 negative) with a real-time RT-PCR assay and an IFA commercial tests manufactured by Euroimmun.

Results
The established ELISA assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the key reagents. The coefficient values of repeat testing were within 10% and 20% for intraassay and interassay precision, respectively. A sensitivity of 60.0% and 52.5%, a specificity of 96.2% and 96.8%, and an accuracy of 89.8% and 88.9% were obtained for the Mac-ELISA and Das-ELISA, respectively, when compared to a CHIKV qRT-PCR method. And a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97.5% and 99.5%, and an accuracy of 97.8% and 99.6% were yielded respectively when using the IIFT as a reference method, which showed a highly consistence to the commercial IIFT assay with a Kappa value greater than 0.90.

Conclusions
The Mac-ELISA and Das-ELISA based on recombinant E2 protein of CHIKV were developed and standardized, which could detect IgM or total antibodies against CHIKV in 2–3 hours with acceptable sensitivities and specificities. These assays can be used for laboratory diagnosis and serological investigation of CHIKV infections to evaluate the risk of CHIKV transmission.