bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 can infect human embryos
Authors: Montano Mauricio , Victor Andrea R. , Griffin Darren K. , Duong Tommy , Bolduc Nathalie , Farmer Andrew , Garg Vidur , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Coates Alison , Barnes Frank L. , Zouves Christo G. , Greene Warner C. , Viotti Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a devastating pandemic, with infections resulting in a range of symptoms collectively known as COVID-19. The full repertoire of human tissues and organs susceptible to infection is an area of active investigation, and some studies have implicated the reproductive system. The effects of COVID-19 on human reproduction remain poorly understood, and particularly the impact on early embryogenesis and establishment of a pregnancy are not known. In this work, we explore the susceptibility of early human embryos to SARS-CoV-2 infection. By using RNA-seq and immunofluorescence, we note that ACE2 and TMPRSS2, two canonical cell entry factors for SARS-CoV-2, are co-expressed in cells of the trophectoderm in blastocyst-stage preimplantation embryos. For the purpose of viral entry studies, we used fluorescent reporter virions pseudotyped with Spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2, and we observe robust infection of trophectoderm cells. This permissiveness could be attenuated with blocking antibodies targeting S or ACE2. When exposing human blastocysts to the live, fully infectious SARS-CoV-2, we detected cases of infection that compromised embryo health. Therefore, we identify a new human target tissue for SARS-CoV-2 with potential medical implications for reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath.
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation- regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) in human tumors
Authors: Qiu Xinyue , Shen Cheng , Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Xunlei , Zhao Dakun , Wu Xuming , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough there have been studies correlating DYRK2 with a number of human cancers, there has been no pan-cancer analysis. Therefore, through the TCGA database, we conducted a related study on the expression of DYRK2 in cancers.The expression of DYRK2 is obviously increased in some cancers, while the opposite is true in others, and there is a clear association between its expression and the prognosis of cancer patients.The mutation of DYRK2 is also significantly correlated with patients’ prognosis in certain human tumors. In addition, phosphorylation and methylation levels of DYRK2 are different between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in various tumors. In the tumour microenvironment, the expression of DYRK2 correlates with cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration, such as BLCA or HNSC. In order to fully understand the role of DYRK2 in different tumors, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis.
Investigating molecular transport in the human brain from MRI with physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Zapf Bastian , Haubner Johannes , Kuchta Miroslav , Ringstad Geir , Eide Per Kristian , Mardal Kent-Andre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a plethora of methods combining neural networks and partial differential equations have been developed. A widely known example are physics-informed neural networks, which solve problems involving partial differential equations by training a neural network. We apply physics-informed neural networks and the finite element method to estimate the diffusion coefficient governing the long term spread of molecules in the human brain from magnetic resonance images. Synthetic testcases are created to demonstrate that the standard formulation of the physics-informed neural network faces challenges with noisy measurements in our application. Our numerical results demonstrate that the residual of the partial differential equation after training needs to be small for accurate parameter recovery. To achieve this, we tune the weights and the norms used in the loss function and use residual based adaptive refinement of training points. We find that the diffusion coefficient estimated from magnetic resonance images with physics-informed neural networks becomes consistent with results from a finite element based approach when the residuum after training becomes small. The observations presented here are an important first step towards solving inverse problems on cohorts of patients in a semi-automated fashion with physics-informed neural networks.
ADSCs stimulated by resistin promote breast cancer cell malignancy via CXCL5 in a breast cancer coculture model
Authors: Wang Yen-Yun , Hung Amos C. , Wu Yi-Chia , Lo Steven , Chen Huan-Da , Chen Yuk-Kwan , Hsieh Ya-Ching , Hu Stephen Chu‐Sung , Hou Ming-Feng , Yuan Shyng-Shiou F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment owing to the presence of heterogeneous stromal cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), that may interact with breast cancer cells and promote cancer development. Resistin is an adipocytokine associated with adverse breast cancer progression; however, its underlying mechanisms in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment remain largely unidentified. Here, we utilized a transwell co-culture model containing patient-derived ADSCs and breast cancer cell lines to investigate their potential interaction, and observed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with resistin-treated ADSCs (R-ADSCs) showed enhanced cancer cell growth and metastatic ability. Screening by proteome arrays revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) was released in the conditioned medium of the co-culture system, and phosphorylated ERK was increased in breast cancer cells after co-culture with R-ADSCs. Breast cancer cells treated with the recombinant proteins of CXCL5 showed similarly enhanced cell migration and invasion ability as occurred in the co-culture model, whereas application of neutralizing antibodies against CXCL5 reversed these phenomena. The orthotopic xenograft in mice by breast cancer cells after co-culture with R-ADSCs had a larger tumor growth and more CXCL5 expression than control. In addition, clinical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression of resistin and CXCL5 in both tumor tissues and serum specimens of breast cancer patients. The current study suggests that resistin-stimulated ADSCs may interact with breast cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment via CXCL5 secretion, leading to breast cancer cell malignancy.
A LILRB1 variant with a decreased ability to phosphorylate SHP-1 leads to autoimmune diseases
Authors: Sinthuwiwat Thivaratana , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Kamolvisit Wuttichart , Tongkobpetch Siraprapa , Chetruengchai Wanna , Srichomthong Chalurmpon , Assawapitaksakul Adjima , Phokaew Chureerat , Kueanjinda Patipark , Palaga Tanapat , Boonpiyathad Tadech , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Hirankarn Nattiya , Shotelersuk Vorasuk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInborn errors of immunity are known to cause not only immunodeficiencies and allergies but also autoimmunity. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) is a receptor on leukocytes playing a role in regulating immune responses. No phenotypes have been reported to be caused by germline mutations in LILRB1. We aimed to identify the causative variant in a three-generation family with nine members suffering from one of the three autoimmune diseases—Graves’ disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Whole-genome linkage study revealed a locus on chromosome 19q13.4 with the maximum LOD score of 2.71. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous missense variant, c.479G > A (p. G160E) in LILRB1, located within the chromosomal-linked region, in all nine affected members. The variant has never been previously reported. Jurkat cells transfected with the mutant LILRB1, compared with those with the wild-type LILRB1, showed decreased phosphorylation of both LILRB1 and its downstream protein, SHP-1. Flow cytometry was used to study immunophenotype and revealed that LILRB1 was significantly lower on the surface of activated regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) cells of patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed substantially increased M1-like monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of affected individuals. This study, for the first time, implicates LILRB1 as a new disease gene for autoimmunity.
Social factors and behavioural reactions to radon test outcomes underlie differences in radiation exposure dose, independent of household radon level
Authors: Irvine Jesse L. , Simms Justin A. , Cholowsky Natasha L. , Pearson Dustin D. , Peters Cheryl E. , Carlson Linda E. , Goodarzi Aaron A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRadioactive radon gas inhalation causes lung cancer, and public health strategies have responded by promoting testing and exposure reduction by individuals. However, a better understanding of how radon exposure disparities are driven by psychological and social variables is required. Here, we explored how behavioural factors modified residential radon-related radiation doses incurred by 2390 people who performed a radon test. The average time from first awareness to receiving a radon test outcome was 6.8–25.5 months, depending on behaviour and attitudes. 20.5% displayed radon test urgency that reduced irradiation between awareness and outcome to 1.8 mSv from a typical 3.5 mSv, while 14.8% (more likely to be men) displayed delaying behaviours that increased exposure to 8.0 mSv. Of those with low radon, 45.9% indicated no future testing intention, underscoring the importance of original tests to reliably establish risk. Among people finding high radon, 38% mitigated quickly, 29% reported economic impediments, and 33% displayed delaying behaviours. Economic barriers and delaying behaviours resulted in 8.4 mSv/year or 10.3 mSv/year long term excess exposure, respectively, increasing lifetime risk of lung cancer by ~ 30–40%. Excess radiation doses incurred from behaviour were independent of household radon level, highlighting the strong influence of psychological and socioeconomic factors on radon exposure and lung cancer risks.
Monobutyrin and monovalerin improve gut–blood–brain biomarkers and alter gut microbiota composition in high-fat fed apolipoprotein-E-knockout rats
Authors: Nguyen Thao Duy , Watanabe Ayako , Burleigh Stephen , Ghaffarzadegan Tannaz , Kanklai Jirapat , Prykhodko Olena , Hållenius Frida Fåk , Nyman Margareta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), glycerol esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been shown to positively influence lipid profile and biomarkers in the gut and brain. This study examined whether MB and MV in high-fat diets, affected microbiota composition and gut–blood–brain markers in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) rats, a model for studies of lipid-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ApoE-/- rats fed MB and MV increased Tenericutes and the brain neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), while the blood stress hormone corticosterone decreased compared to control rats. Only rats that received MB showed a significant increase in cholic acid and Adlercreutzia in the caecum. In rats fed MV, the decrease of Proteobacteria was associated with decreased corticosterone levels. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of SCFA glycerol esters can modulate gut–blood–brain markers and alter gut microbiota composition in ApoE-/- rats, suggesting that SCFAs also could counteract lipid disorders-related diseases.
Development and validation of a smartphone image-based app for dietary intake assessment among Palestinian undergraduates
Authors: Hattab Sarah , Badrasawi Manal , Anabtawi Ola , Zidan Souzan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate dietary assessment is required in a variety of research fields and clinical settings. Image-based dietary assessment using smartphones applications offer the opportunity to reduce both researcher and participant burden compared to traditional dietary assessment methods. The current study, conducted in Palestine, aimed to design an image-based dietary assessment application, to assess the relative validity of the application as a dietary assessment tool for energy and macronutrient intake using the 3-Day Food Record (3-DFR) as a reference method, and to test its usability among a sample of Palestinian university students. The development of a smartphone application (Ghithaona) designed to assess energy and macronutrient intake is reported. The application validity was tested among a sample of Palestinian undergraduates from An-Najah National University. Participants recorded their dietary intake using the Ghithaona application over 2 consecutive days and 1 weekend day. Intake from the Ghithaona application were compared to intake collected from 3-DFR, taken on 2 consecutive weekdays and 1 weekend day, in the second week following the Ghithaona application. At the end of the study, participants completed an exit survey to test assess application usability and to identify barriers to its use. Mean differences in energy, and macronutrients intake were evaluated between the methods using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Agreement between methods was ascertained using Pearson correlations and Bland–Altman plots. The Ghithaona application took 6 months to develop. The validation test was completed by 70 participants with a mean age of 21.0 ± 2.1 years. No significant differences were found between the two methods for mean intakes of energy or macronutrients (p > 0.05). Significant correlations between the two methods were observed for energy, and all macronutrients (r = 0.261–0.58,p ≤ 0.05). Bland–Altman plots confirmed wide limits of agreement between the methods with no systematic bias. According to the exit survey, it was found that majority of participants strongly agreed and agreed that the application saves time (94.2%), helps the participant to pay attention to their dietary habits (87.2%), and is easy to use (78.6%). The Ghithaona application showed relative validity for assessment of nutrient intake of Palestinian undergraduates.
Exploring the identification of multiple bacteria on stainless steel using multi-scale spectral imaging from microscopic to macroscopic
Authors: Xu Jun-Li , Herrero-Langreo Ana , Lamba Sakshi , Ferone Mariateresa , Swanson Anastasia , Caponigro Vicky , Scannell Amalia G. M. , Gowen Aoife A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work investigates non-contact reflectance spectral imaging techniques, i.e. microscopic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging, macroscopic visible-near infrared (VNIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral imaging, for the identification of bacteria on stainless steel. Spectral images of two Gram-positive (GP) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)), and three Gram-negative (GN) bacteria (Escherichia coli (EC), Cronobacter sakazakii (CS), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF)), were collected from dried suspensions of bacterial cells dropped onto stainless steel surfaces. Through the use of multiple independent biological replicates for model validation and testing, FTIR reflectance spectral imaging was found to provide excellent GP/GN classification accuracy (> 96%), while the fused VNIR-SWIR data yielded classification accuracy exceeding 80% when applied to the independent test sets. However, classification within gram type was far less reliable, with lower accuracies for classification within the GP (< 75%) and GN (≤ 51%) species when calibration models were applied to the independent test sets, underlining the importance of independent model validation when dealing with samples of high biological variability.
Comparison of pre-treatment methods and heavy density liquids to optimize microplastic extraction from natural marine sediments
Authors: Mattsson Karin , Ekstrand Elisabet , Granberg Maria , Hassellöv Martin , Magnusson Kerstin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ubiquitous occurrence of anthropogenic particles, including microplastics in the marine environment, has, over the last years, gained worldwide attention. As a result, many methods have been developed to estimate the amount and type of microplastics in the marine environment. However, there are still no standardized protocols for how different marine matrices should be sampled or how to extract and identify these particles, making meaningful data comparison hard. Buoyant microplastics are influenced by winds and currents, and concentrations could hence be expected to be highly variable over time. However, since both high density and most of the initially buoyant microplastics are known to eventually sink and settle on the seafloor, marine sediments are proposed as a suitable matrix for microplastics monitoring. Several principles, apparatuses, and protocols for extracting microplastics from marine sediments have been presented, but extensive comparison of the different steps in the protocols using real environmental samples is lacking. Thus, in this study, different pre-treatment and subsequent density separation protocols for extraction of microplastics from replicate samples of marine sediment were compared. Two pre-treatment methods, one using inorganic chemicals (NaClO + KOH + Na4P2O7) and one using porcine pancreatic enzymes, as well as one with no pre-treatment of the sediment, were compared in combination with two commonly used high-density saline solutions used for density separation, sodium chloride (NaCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Both pre-treatment methods effectively removed organic matter, and both saline solutions extracted lighter plastic particles such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The most efficient combination, chemical pre-treatment and density separation with ZnCl2, was found to extract > 15 times more particles (≥ 100 µm) from the sediment than other treatment combinations, which could largely be explained by the high presence and efficient extraction of PVC particles.
Finite-time synchronization of different dimensional chaotic systems with uncertain parameters and external disturbances
Authors: Li Juan , Zheng Jiming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new control scheme using two scaling matrices that realizes the finite-time synchronization of different-dimensional chaotic systems with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Firstly, based on Lyapunov stability theorem and finite-time stability theorem, the definition of finite-time synchronization of chaotic systems with different dimensions is introduced. Secondly, in the case of external disturbance and parameter uncertainty, an adaptive feedback hybrid controller and parameter adaptive laws are designed to synchronize different dimensional uncertain chaotic systems in finite-time. Then, according to the characteristics of the unknown parameters of the system, a transformation matrix is constructed to meet the needs of chaotic systems with different dimensions, and a simplified synchronization control scheme is designed. Finally, two numerical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Cerebrocortical activation following unilateral labyrinthectomy in mice characterized by whole-brain clearing: implications for sensory reweighting
Authors: Kai Ryota , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Tainaka Kazuki , Iwakura Yuriko , Namba Hisaaki , Saito Nae , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Yamaguchi Shun , Nawa Hiroyuki , Horii Arata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPosture and gait are maintained by sensory inputs from the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems and motor outputs. Upon vestibular damage, the visual and/or somatosensory systems functionally substitute by cortical mechanisms called “sensory reweighting”. We investigated the cerebrocortical mechanisms underlying sensory reweighting after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) in mice. Arc-dVenus transgenic mice, in which the gene encoding the fluorescent protein dVenus is transcribed under the control of the promoter of the immediate early gene Arc, were used in combination with whole-brain three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Performance on the rotarod was measured as a behavioral correlate of sensory reweighting. Following left UL, all mice showed the head roll-tilt until UL10, indicating the vestibular periphery damage. The rotarod performance worsened in the UL mice from UL1 to UL3, which rapidly recovered. Whole-brain 3D imaging revealed that the number of activated neurons in S1, but not in V1, in UL7 was higher than that in sham-treated mice. At UL7, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and agranular insular cortex (AIC) activation was also observed. Therefore, sensory reweighting to the somatosensory system could compensate for vestibular dysfunction following UL; further, mPFC and AIC contribute to the integration of sensory and motor functions to restore balance.
Hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factor clustering in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Cai Rongrong , Zhou Jinyu , Bai Ling , Dong Yangyang , Ding Wenqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe early identification of predictors related to cardiovascular risk factor clustering (CVRFC) in adolescents can help prevent Cardiovascular disease. The hypertriglyceridemic-waist circumference (HTW) phenotype is considered a simple and useful indicator to identify cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited research on the relationship between the HTW phenotype and (CVRFC) in adolescents. It is unclear whether the HTW phenotype can identify early the risk of developing CVRFC in adolescents. The study aimed to examine the association of the HTW phenotype with CVRFC in adolescents. A total of 1478 adolescents aged 12–18 years were classified into normal waist circumference (WC) and normal triglyceride (TG) (NWNT, 66.4%), normal WC and high TG (HTG, 5.5%), enlarged WC and normal TG (EW, 22.2%) and enlarged WC and high TG (HTW, 5.8%). High TG was defined as TG ≥ 1.47 mmol/L and enlarged WC ≥ 90th percentile by gender and age. CVRFs in this study included elevated blood pressure (BP), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), high total cholesterol (TC), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CVRFC ≥ 2 or CVRFC ≥ 3 were defined as the presence of at least two or three cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for BMI, gender and age, the HTW phenotype increased the risk of CVRFC ≥ 2 and CVRFC ≥ 3 compared to the NTNW phenotype, OR and 95%CI were 2.40 (1.23–4.58) and 3.63 (1.49–8.86), respectively. After stratification by gender, similar results were found in boys, however, girls with the EW phenotype had a lower risk of CVRFC ≥ 2 and CVRFC ≥ 3 compared with the NTNW phenotype after adjustment for BMI and age. The area under the ROC curve was 0.698 (0.661–0.736) and 0.782 (0.725–0.840) when TG was combined with WC to detect cardiovascular risk factors clustering, which was better than BMI, WHtR, TG or WC alone. And similar results were obtained for both boys and girls when stratified by gender. These results revealed that different combinations of TG and WC levels are closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors clustering in both boys and girls, and TG combining WC performed better than BMI, WHtR, TG or WC alone in detecting cardiovascular risk factor clustering in adolescents.