bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete recovery of quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue after running in Olympic, but not Sprint, triathlon
Authors: Andrade Vinicius Ferreira Dos Santos , Cabral Luana Loss , Silva Caroline Kêmela Da , Mayor John Jairo Villarejo , Rodacki André Luiz Félix , Lima‐Silva Adriano E. , Pereira Gleber 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis study compared central and peripheral fatigue development between the Sprint and Olympic distance triathlon. Fifteen male triathletes performed Sprint and Olympic triathlon simulations in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Central and peripheral fatigue was evaluated from changes in voluntary activation level (VAL) and twitch responses of quadriceps muscle (Qtw,pot), respectively. Qtw,pot reduced from baseline to post‐swimming similarly between triathlon simulations (Sprint,−17 11%; Olympic, −13 9%). In post‐cycling, Qtw,pot further declined to a similar extent between triathlon distances (Sprint, −31 15%; Olympic, −28 11%). In post‐running, Qtw,pot was fully recovered in the Olympic triathlon (−4 10%), whereas there was only a partial recovery of Qtw,pot in the Sprint triathlon (−20 11%). VAL was not reduced in post‐swimming, but reduction was similar between triathlon distances in post‐cycling (Sprint, −10 9%; Olympic, −8 8%) and post‐running (Sprint, −15 14%; Olympic, −16 8%). In the Sprint triathlon, the swimming speed (1.07 0.13m.s−1) was above (p . 001) critical speed (1.01 0.14m.s−1), the cycling power (179.7 27.2W) was below the respiratory compensation point (216.3 27.8W, p . 001) and running speed (13.7 1.05km.h−1) similar to the respiratory compensation point (13.2 0.70km.h−1, p . 124). In the Olympic triathlon, swimming speed (1.03 0.13m.s−1) was similar to critical speed (p . 392), and cycling power (165.3 27.3W) and running speed (12.6 1.05km.h−1) were below the respiratory compensation point (p . 007). In conclusion, peripheral fatigue progressed until post‐cycling regardless of triathlon distances. However, peripheral fatigue was fully recovered after running in Olympic but not in Sprint triathlon. The central fatigue started in post‐cycling and progressed until post‐running regardless of triathlon distances.Highlights
The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue progresses similarly in Sprint and Olympic triathlons until post‐cycling.
The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue is completely recovered after running in the Olympic triathlon, whereas it is partially recovered in the Sprint triathlon.
The central fatigue starts in post‐cycling and progresses similarly until post‐running in Sprint and Olympic triathlons, regardless of triathlon distances.
Study of structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials by off-axis electron holography
Authors: Li Luying , Cheng Yongfa , Liu Zunyu , Yan Shuwen , Li Li , Wang Jianbo , Zhang Lei , Gao Yihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As the scaling down of semiconductor devices, it would be necessary to discover the structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials at nanometer scale. In this review, the quantitative characterization technique off-axis electron holography is introduced in details, followed by its applications in various semiconductor nanomaterials including group IV, compound and two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures in static states as well as under various stimuli. The advantages and disadvantages of off-axis electron holography in material analysis are discussed, the challenges facing in-situ electron holographic study of semiconductor devices at working conditions are presented, and all the possible influencing factors need to be considered to achieve the final goal of fulfilling quantitative characterization of the structure-property relationship of semiconductor devices at their working conditions.
Recent progress on advanced transmission electron microscopy characterization for halide perovskite semiconductors
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Ke Xiaoxing , Sui Manling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Halide perovskites are strategically important in the field of energy materials. Along with the rapid development of the materials and related devices, there is an urgent need to understand the structure–property relationship from nanoscale to atomic scale. Much effort has been made in the past few years to overcome the difficulty of imaging limited by electron dose, and to further extend the investigation towards operando conditions. This review is dedicated to recent studies of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations for halide perovskites. The irradiation damage caused by the interaction of electron beams and perovskites under conventional imaging conditions are first summarized and discussed. Low-dose TEM is then discussed, including electron diffraction and emerging techniques for high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging. Atomic-resolution imaging, defects identification and chemical mapping on halide perovskites are reviewed. Cryo-TEM for halide perovskites is discussed, since it can readily suppress irradiation damage and has been rapidly developed in the past few years. Finally, the applications of in-situ TEM in the degradation study of perovskites under environmental conditions such as heating, biasing, light illumination and humidity are reviewed. More applications of emerging TEM characterizations are foreseen in the coming future, unveiling the structural origin of halide perovskite’s unique properties and degradation mechanism under operando conditions, so to assist the design of a more efficient and robust energy material.
Production and characterization of a coconut oil incorporated gelatin-based film and its potential biomedical application
Authors: Karamanlioglu Mehlika , Yesilkir-Baydar Serap 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe influence of coconut oil (CO) on a gelatin-based film was investigated when used as a potential wound dressing material. There is limited study on CO in protein-based wound dressing materials. Therefore, in this study a self-supporting, continuous and homogenous CO incorporated gelatin-based film was formulated and obtained by solution casting method. The influence of CO on physicochemical and thermal properties of gelatin-based film was also determined. Moreover, the effect CO in gelatin films on cell viability and cell migration was analysed with a preliminary cell culture study. Homogenous dispersion of 10% (w/w) CO was obtained in films when 3% (v/w) Tween 80, a surfactant, was incorporated to 20% (w/w) plasticized gelatin film forming solution. Effect of CO on gelatin-based film was observed via phase separation by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Water uptake of gelatin film with no CO, GE film; and 10% (w/w) CO incorporated GE film, GE-CO, were 320% and 210%, respectively, after 3 h in water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed triglyceride component of CO and increased hydrogen bonding between NH groups of gelatin in GE-CO films. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested a more ordered structure of GE-CO film due to an increase in melt-like transition temperature and melting enthalpy of GE-CO film. CO content also increased cell viability, assessed by XTT assay since cell viability was approximately 100% when L929 cell culture was incubated with GE-CO of 5–100 μg ml−1. Moreover, GE-CO samples within 5–25 μg ml−1concentration range, increased proliferation of L929 cells since cell viability was significantly higher than the 100% viable cell culture control (P< 0.05) which is also an indication of efficient healing. However, GE decreased viability of L929 cells significantly at 100–10 μg ml−1concentration range (P< 0.05) and were toxic at concentrations of 100, 75 and 50 μg ml−1which decreased ∼50% of the viability of the cells. Scratch Assay to assessin vitrowound healing showed cell migration towards scratch after 24 h as an indication of wound healing only in GE-CO samples. This study showed that, CO could efficiently be added to gelatin-based films for preparation of a primary wound dressing biomaterial which is also demonstrated to have a promising wound healing effect for minor wounds.
Periodic decadal swings in dry/wet conditions over Central Asia
Authors: Liu Yusen , Sun Cheng , Hao Zengchao , He Bian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Periodic variability in the hydro-climatic system has important implications not only for climate prediction but also for planning and managing water resources. Here we identify periodic decadal variability of dry/wet conditions in Central Asia (CA) since the mid-20th century, which are tied to the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation (PQDO) with a period of 8–16 years (r = 0.87). The periodically varying forcing in the Pacific modulates zonal winds and moisture transport and profoundly affects the precipitation on the decadal time scale. The PQDO-related equatorial central Pacific warming significantly heats the overlying troposphere, increasing the meridional temperature/geopotential gradients in the subtropics. As a result, the strengthened westerly jet in CA transports more water vapor from the North Atlantic and increases local precipitation. The plateau to the east further amplifies the increased precipitation in eastern CA through orographic influence on the convection and large-scale circulation. The atmospheric model forced by the PQDO signal reproduces an overall consistent mechanism with the observation, indicating a robust synchronization of the Central Asian hydro-climatic system to the PQDO. The newly discovered oscillatory feature in this study may advance the predictability of Central Asian precipitation on the decadal time scale, which promotes the mitigation and prevention of natural disasters like droughts and wildfires.
Standing waves on quantum graphs
Authors: Kairzhan Adilbek , Noja Diego , Pelinovsky Dmitry E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We review evolutionary models on quantum graphs expressed by linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. Existence and stability of the standing waves trapped on quantum graphs are studied by using methods of the variational theory, dynamical systems on a phase plane, and the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mappings.
Fingering instability of active nematic droplets
Authors: Alert Ricard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
From the mitotic spindle up to tissues and biofilms, many biological systems behave as active droplets, which often break symmetry and change shape spontaneously. Here, I show that active nematic droplets can experience a fingering instability. I consider an active fluid that acquires nematic order through anchoring at the droplet interface, and I predict its morphological stability in terms of three dimensionless parameters: the anchoring angle, the penetration length of nematic order compared to droplet size, and an active capillary number. Droplets with extensile (contractile) stresses and planar (homeotropic) anchoring are unstable above a critical activity or droplet size. This instability is interfacial in nature: it arises through the coupling of active flows with interface motion, even when the bulk instability of active nematics cannot take place. In contrast to the dynamic states characteristic of active matter, the instability could produce static fingering patterns. The number of fingers increases with activity but varies non-monotonically with the nematic penetration length. Overall, these results pave the way towards understanding the self-organized shapes of biological systems, and towards designing patterns in active materials.
Sheep Production Management System to Harness Genetic Resources: A case in Bangun Karso Farm, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Shiddieqy M I , Priyono  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sheep farming in Indonesia has a major challenge of low productivity. The demand of domestic market for sheep is increasing over time. This study aimed to assess the production management systems to improve the livelihood of sheep farming. The method was descriptive with case study in Bangun Karso Farm, Bogor, Indonesia. Data related to farm management were collected in the farm. The description on sheep production was conducted on sustainable farming practices, breeding program and feeding system. The farm keeps fat-tailed sheep (FTS), thin-tailed sheep (TTS), and crossbreed of FTS and TTS with temperate breed. The purposes of sheep farming were fattening and breeding. It has total 374 sheep from various breeds and ages. The sheep that use for breeding were 167 sheep. The result showed that with the current sheep production management system, it is possible to maintain genetic diversity. The study suggests that planned and controlled cross-breeding are important to prevent the dilution of sheep genetic resources.
Utilization of Vinasse-Molasses in The Finishing Ration on Growth Performance of Peranakan Ongole Cattle
Authors: Fassah DM , Nuraini NN , Khotijah L , Komalasari K , Suharti S , Astuti D A , Wiryawan K G , Sudarman A , Diapari D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vinasse-molasses, the residue of condensed molasses is a co-product of sugar production. It is not reused in manufacturing process and become polluted. However, Its contents of 48-60% of sugar and high in potassium and sulphates. This study was to evaluate Vinasse-molasses utilization as a replacer of molasses in finishing ration on the growth performance of Peranakan Ongole Cattle. A total of 10 Peranakan Ongole cattle (initial body weight of 209 ± 21 kg) were assigned to molasses group or Vinasse-molasses group. The experiment period was lasted 68 days, preceded by 14 days adaptation period. The experimental diet was composed of 20% forage and 80% concentrate containing 15% molasses or Vinasse-molasses. Parameters observed including final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), total dry matter intake (DMI), forage intake, concentrate intake, feed efficiency (FE), and income over feed cost (IOFC). The Vinasse-molasses reduced (P<0.05) DMI and concentrate intake followed by IOFC increased (P<0.01) of cattle. However, Vinasse-molasses did not affect (P>0.05) FBW, ADG, forage intake, and FE. It can be concluded that Vinasse-molasses can be utilize as feed ingredient to replace molasses in finishing ration to support the sustainability of beef production.
Nutritional Analysis of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) Soaking with Lime Water for Ruminants Feed
Authors: Sari R W W , Jamarun N , Arief  , Pazla R , Yanti G , Ikhlas Z 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mangrove leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) has potential as animal feed because their had high protein content around 11,72%. Mangrove leaves contain anti-nutritional substances in the form of tannins. Tannins are antinutrient compounds that bind to proteins, carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), vitamins and minerals. Boiling can reduce the content of tannins and other anti-nutrients because phenolics are soluble in hot water and lime can hydrolyze tannins causing the active phenolic tannin groups to become inactive. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of boiling time on the nutritional content of mangrove leaves. The treatments given soaking with lime water 10 minute, the treatment consist of : A : control, B : 5% lime, C : 10% lime, D : 15% lime. The research method used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The best result of this research was B Treatment with 5% lime which resulted in the nutritional value includes 93,32% dry matter, 7,934% ash, 92,066% organic matter, 8,16% crude protein, 15,91% crude fiber, 3,812% crude fat, 27,64% acid detergent fiber, 35,86% neutral detergent fiber, 13,15% 13,15% cellulose, 8,22% hemicellulose, and 13,05% lignin.
In vitro Gas Production of Sorghum-Indigofera Forage-Based Complete Feed for Ruminants
Authors: Somanjaya R , Imanudin O , Turohman S M , Fuah A M , Rahayu S , Abdullah L , Setiadi M A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Making a palatable complete feed formulation has a good effect on ruminant productivity, and eco-friendly feed is a solution step in sustainable livestock production. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera on the in-vitro of gas production and nutrient digestibility value. Three feed compositions consisting of forage silage of sorghum, Indigofera hay, and rice bran were mixed as SI feed and field grass (FG) as control. All the experimental feeds were replicated five times, then gas production and nutrient digestibility were tested in in-vitro. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the complete feed composition SI2 and SI3 lower N-NH3 (p<0.05) than SI1 and FG. Meanwhile, the VFA content increased (p<0.05) along with the Indigofera hay. The value of pH and the number of gas production from the feed did not differ. All SI complete feed compositions had better nutrient digestibility values (p<0.05) than FG. It can be concluded that complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera is an eco-friendly feed because it can reduce N-NH3 gas and total gas production without reducing the digestibility value of feed nutrients.
Potential and Productivity of Natural Forage as Feed for Beef Cattle under Oil Palm Plantations in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province
Authors: Susanti A E , Priyanto  , Muladno  , Astuti D A , Cyrilla L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The availability of feed is one of the prerequisites for the sustainability of the beef cattle development program. This study aimed to review the potential and productivity of natural forage under oil palm plantations. Data were taken in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, from March to June 2021. The sampling was conducted on 3 hectares plantations using tools measuring 1 m x 1 m; therefore, there were 30 samples for each oil palm age. The highest and lowest biomass productivity was at 5 years-age of 11,644 kg ha-1, and 2,144.46 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest and lowest weight of dry forage matter was at 5 and 15 years-age of 2918 kg ha-1 and 699.49 kg ha-1. Musi Banyuasin’s oil palm farms can supply cattle feed for 1.56 AU ha-1 and accommodate 489,845.06 AU before production. In the grazing system, one hectare of oil palm plantations can provide cattle feed for 0.37-0.47 AU ha-1 and accommodate about 117,423.57-147,925.04 AU. Therefore, oil palm plantations in Musi Banyuasin have a good potential for beef cattle development with an integrated system to preserve the environment.
Inclusion of Different Level Leucaena in Dairy Ration to Balance Rumen Degradable and Undegradable Protein Ratio
Authors: Permana I G , Despal  , Rosmalia A , Rahayu M D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sustainability use of expensive protein source in a dairy ration requires ration formulation based on rumen degradable and undegradable protein ratio (RDUP). It improves the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and less feed residue to the environment. Providing less expensive green protein sources such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is also an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy ration based on RDUP with leucaena addition on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. This study was conducted in a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDUP levels (R1= 60:40; R2= 55:45; R3= 50:50; R4= 45:55) and factor 2 was Leucaena addition (L1= 10%; L2= 20%; L3= 30%). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that increasing RDUP levels increased NH3 concentration and dry matter digestibility. Treatment L2 resulted in a high NH3 concentration compared to other L treatments. The combination of R1 with L2 and L3 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than other treatments. Protozoa population increased with increasing leucaena in the ration. It is concluded that dairy ration with 60:40 rumen degradable protein to undegradable protein ratio and 20% leucaena can improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.
Ruminai Macro Mineral Solubility of Indigofera zollingeriana Top-Leaves from Plants with Different Planting Density Using In Vitro Technique
Authors: Ernawati A , Abdullah L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Indigofera zollingeriana is a tremendous potential forage plant due to its high nutrient content and potential to be a protein and mineral source in a sustainable system. Mineral fulfillment in ruminants is determined by their bioavailability. This study evaluated the ruminal macro mineral solubility of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three different planting densities, 8000plants/ha, 13333plants/ha, 20000plants/ha, and 3 replicates. An in vitro experiment evaluated macrominerals solubility and incubated in rumen liquor at 0,3,6,12,24,48, and 72 h. The results showed that increased planting densities significantly(P<0.05) decreased DM degradability. Planting density also gave various effects on the level of kinetic parameters, effective solubility(ES), and solubility of macro minerals(P<0.05). The plant of 8000 to 13333plants/ha has a higher Ca and Mg solubility, kinetic parameters, and ES of macro minerals compared to the density of 20000plants/ha. Based on these results, it can be concluded that higher bioavailability of macro minerals is obtained from populations of 8000 to 13333plants/ha, so that the planting of I. zollingeriana needs to be carried out with a population of 8000 to 13333plants/ha to produce forage macro mineral biomass and can be utilized by livestock optimally.
Evaluation of Probiotics as an Alternative a Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) on Carcass Percentage and Physical Quality of Broiler’s Meat
Authors: Mutia Rita , Ardani Laily Rinda , Hermana Widya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The addition probiotics brings several benefit including protect the environment by reducing ammonia gas. This research aims to evaluate probiotics as a substitute for AGP on carcass percentage and physical quality of broiler’s meat. This experiment used 300 Lohmann broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 3 groups of treatment and 5 replications in each treatment during the 35 days. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, there are P0: (basal diet); P1: (P0 + AGP zinc bacitracin 0.04%); P2: (P0 + probiotics in drinking water). The parameters measured were carcass percentage, pH, tenderness, meat cooking loss, water holding capacity and organoleptic. All data collected within the present study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and if there were significant differences further tests needed to be performed with Duncan’s multiple range test by SPSS version 25. The results showed that the probiotics not significantly (P>0.05) influenced carcass percentage, pH, cooking loss, and organoleptic values include aroma and flavor of broiler’s meat. The probiotics significantly (P<0.05) influenced tenderness, water holding capacity and organoleptic value including texture of broiler’s meat. From these results, it can be concluded that probiotics increased the tenderness of meat and water binding capacity. Probiotics also influence the consumer’s taste for the texture of broiler meat. The AGP can be replaced by probiotics for broilers.