bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiability of the Diffusion Coefficient for a Family of Intermittent Maps
Authors: Sélley Fanni M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the Liverani–Saussol–Vaienti map satisfies a central limit theorem for Hölder observables in the parameter regime where the correlations are summable. We show that when C2 observables are considered, the variance of the limiting normal distribution is a C1 function of the parameter. We first show this for the first return map to the base of the second branch by studying the Green-Kubo formula, then conclude the result for the original map using Kac’s lemma and relying on linear response.
Comparative European Institutions and the Little Divergence, 1385–1800
Authors: Henriques António , Palma Nuno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhy did the countries that first benefited from access to the New World – Castile and Portugal – decline relative to their followers, especially England and the Netherlands? The dominant narrative is that worse initial institutions at the time of the opening of the Atlantic trade explain the Iberian divergence. In this paper, we build a new dataset which allows for a comparison of institutional quality over time. We consider the frequency and nature of parliamentary meetings, the frequency and intensity of extraordinary taxation and coin debasement, and real interest rates together with spreads for public debt. We find no evidence that the political institutions of Portugal and Spain were worse until the English Civil War.
Improved Tafel-Based Potentiostatic Approach for Corrosion Rate Monitoring of Reinforcing Steel
Authors: Ramón José Enrique , Martínez Isabel , Gandía-Romero José Manuel , Soto Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPotential step voltammetry (PSV) was introduced in earlier works as an advantageous alternative to traditional methods for measuring corrosion rate in reinforced concrete. The present study aims to improve PSV to maximize its applicability in corrosion rate monitoring, that is, beyond the narrowly-defined steel–concrete systems in which was initially validated. It was therefore identified necessary to address the most suitable PSV pulse amplitudes to accurately obtain the Tafel lines and, therefore, corrosion rate in steel-mortar systems with well-differentiated ohmic drop. PSV findings were compared to reference methods, i.e. Tafel intersection and linear polarization resistance. As a novelty, we propose a procedure to improve the reliability of the PSV-determined Tafel lines, which is based on three protocols (P1, P2 and P3). P1 consists of a specific pulse sequence to accurately characterize the morphology of the polarization curve without disturbing the system. P2 consists of two short pulses for determining the ohmic drop compensation factor. Finally, P3 consists of a simple calculation procedure to accurately adjust the PSV pulse amplitudes (∆V) to the steel–concrete system assessed, thus obviating the need for preset values and, therefore, ensuring accurate corrosion rate results. The procedure proposed is intended to improve PSV with a view to its consolidation as a reliable tool for the unsupervised monitoring of real structures.
Abrupt diatom responses to recent climate and land use changes in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)
Authors: Gardoki Jon , Morellón Mario , Leira Manel , Ezquerra Francisco Javier , Remondo Juan , Tinner Willy , Canales María Luisa , van der Horst Anouk , Morales-Molino César 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe multi-proxy study of sediment cores from Lake Isoba (43° 02′ N, 5° 18′ W; 1400 m a.s.l.) allows a detailed assessment of the past hydrological and environmental dynamics in north-western Iberia resulting from the interplay between climate variability and anthropogenic impact. The combination of diatom stratigraphy, sedimentology and high-resolution elemental geochemistry along with a robust chronological framework (established by 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C dating) provides a detailed environmental reconstruction for the past ~ 500 years. Abrupt changes in the fossil diatom assemblages indicate a high sensitivity of this small lake to past environmental change and allow identifying four major stages related to the main climate fluctuations of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and recent warming. High lake levels, enhanced runoff and higher productivity characterised the middle phase of the LIA (~ 1550 to 1630 CE), indicating an overall wet climate. Conversely, shallow lake levels, decreased runoff and relatively low productivity prevailed during the last phase of the LIA and the onset of the Industrial Era (~ 1630 to 1925 CE), likely due to colder and drier conditions. High lake levels and higher carbonate input occurred after ~ 1925 CE until the 1980s CE, when our data show an abrupt drop in lake levels probably caused by a regional negative rainfall anomaly related to climate warming during the past decades. Finally, since ~ 1997 CE a remarkable and abrupt increase in the lake nutrient load and turbidity is detected, probably associated with the replacement of transhumant sheep flocks with staying cattle. The main environmental changes reconstructed at Lake Isoba mostly agree with other palaeoclimatic records from northern Spain. However, the hydrological patterns reconstructed are opposed to those observed on the northern slopes of the Cantabrian Mountains. The recent and strong impact of land-use changes on the lake, causing more ecological disruptions than previous climate changes, is noteworthy and demonstrates the high sensitivity of mountain lakes to human activities in a global change context.
Negative expectations regarding interpersonal interactions in daily life are associated with subclinical depressive symptoms in a student sample: A prospective experience sampling study
Authors: Lüdtke Thies , Westermann Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDysfunctional expectations and interpersonal problems are associated with depression, so we measured expected emotions towards interaction partners and compared them with actual emotions. We hypothesized that, between persons, individuals with higher subclinical depression would display stronger, more stable, and less accurate negative expectations. Within persons, we hypothesized that momentary negative expectations would predict subsequent negative affect. Fifty-three students completed 6 days of Experience Sampling, consisting of one morning expectation-assessment (9 am), three assessments on actual interpersonal emotions (1 pm, 5 pm, 9 pm), and six random affect-assessments. We regressed expected emotions, experienced emotions, expectation fluctuations, and expectation violations on subclinical depression. Using mixed model analyses, we further examined whether negative expectations preceded negative affect, and whether expectation violations preceded adjustments of expectations. Higher subclinical depression predicted more negative expectations. Within persons, worse-than-expected interpersonal interactions preceded negative affect whereas better-than-expected interactions preceded reductions of negative expectations. Despite problems with skewed data, our approach appears well-suited to examine interpersonal expectations in vivo.
Context-aware adaptation of mobile video decoding resolution
Authors: Machidon Octavian , Asprov Jani , Fajfar Tine , Pejović Veljko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the evolution of mobile computing is experiencing considerable growth, it is at the same time seriously threatened by the limitations of battery technology, which does not keep pace with the evergrowing increase in energy requirements of mobile applications. Yet, with the limits of human perception and the diversity of requirements that individuals may have, a question arises of whether the effort should be made to always deliver the highest quality result to a mobile user? In this work we investigate how a user’s physical activity, the spatial/temporal properties of the video, and the user’s personality traits interact and jointly influence the minimal acceptable playback resolution. We conduct two studies with 45 participants in total and find out that the minimal acceptable resolution indeed varies across different contextual factors. Our predictive models inferring the lowest acceptable playback resolution, together with the reduced power consumption we measure at lower resolutions, open an opportunity for saving a mobile’s energy through context-adaptable approximate computing.
Completed sample correlations and feature dependency-based unsupervised feature selection
Authors: Liu Tong , Hu Rongyao , Zhu Yongxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSample correlations and feature relations are two pieces of information that are needed to be considered in the unsupervised feature selection, as labels are missing to guide model construction. Thus, we design a novel unsupervised feature selection scheme, in this paper, via considering the completed sample correlations and feature dependencies in a unified framework. Specifically, self-representation dependencies and graph construction are conducted to preserve and select the important neighbors for each sample in a comprehensive way. Besides, mutual information and sparse learning are designed to consider the correlations between features and to remove the informative features, respectively. Moreover, various constraints are constructed to automatically obtain the number of important neighbors and to conduct graph partition for the clustering task. Finally, we test the proposed method and verify the effectiveness and the robustness on eight data sets, comparing with nine state-of-the-art approaches with regard to three evaluation metrics for the clustering task.
Effects of negative emotional valence on readers’ text processing and memory for text: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Arfé Barbara , Delatorre Pablo , Mason Lucia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComprehension of stories requires readers to take the perspective of the story characters and imagine or feel their cognitive and affective states. The study investigated how variations in emotional valence within a literary text affected readers’ global text processing, as reflected in their eye movements during the first and second-pass reading, and their memory for text. Processes of reading were also examined in relation to readers’ dispositional empathy. Undergraduate students (N = 42) were assigned to an emotionally negative or neutral reading condition. They read a natural text passage from a suspense story while their ocular behavior was registered. After reading, they responded to multiple-choice questions assessing their memory of the text. Results revealed longer first-pass fixation times for content evoking negative emotions than for neutral content, which could be suggestive of a more analytical processing of the former. These effects were however local and did not impact the processing of the text at global level. Memory for the emotionally negative content was more accurate than memory for the neutral content. Dispositional empathy did not contribute to reading processes and outcome. Findings are discussed against the mixed results in the current literature and practical implications are also outlined.
Hydrogen as Carbon-Free Reducing Agent in Non-ferrous Slag Fuming
Authors: Attah-Kyei Desmond , Klemettinen Lassi , Michallik Radoslaw , Salminen Justin , Taskinen Pekka , Lindberg Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, pyrometallurgical treatment of non-ferrous iron residue was studied. This approach aimed to recover the valuable metals and convert the residue into reusable benign slag using hydrogen as a non-fossil reducing agent. The pyrometallurgical treatment for this type of residue involves pretreatment prior to two stages, oxidation and reduction. Hydrogen was employed as a reducing agent in slag cleaning. The reduction tests were performed at temperatures of 1200 °C, 1250 °C, and 1300 °C using H2 and N2 gases to form the reducing gas atmosphere. The results show that H2 is an effective reductant because reduction proceeded rapidly, forming speiss droplets within the slag already after 10 minutes. The laboratory-scale experiments suggest that slags or other residues obtained from metallurgical processes can be further cleaned in a fuming process using hydrogen and its mixtures to obtain environmentally friendly cleaner slag with respect of volatile metals. The results also show that one can tune the reduction and control the formation of metallic iron during the process. Thermodynamic modeling was also performed to simulate the fuming stage, i.e., reduction of the slag. Metal alloy formation as well as elemental distributions between metal and slag were studied, and results from thermodynamic modeling agree well with experimental results.
Modeling the stochastic within-host dynamics SARS-CoV-2 infection with discrete delay
Authors: Elbaz I. M. , Sohaly M. A. , El-Metwally H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the within-host COVID-19 epidemic is formulated. We show the stochastic dynamics of Target-Latent-Infected-Virus free within the human body with discrete delay and noise. Positivity and uniqueness of the solutions are established. Our study shows the extinction and persistence of the disease inside the human body through the stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium $$E_0$$

E
0

and the endemic equilibrium $$E^*$$

E
∗

, respectively. Moreover, we show the impact of delay tactics and noise on the extinction of the disease. The most interesting result is even if the deterministic system is inevitably pandemic at a specific point, extinction will become possible in the stochastic version of our model.
Comparison of different resolutions of six free online DEMs with GPS elevation data on a new 6th of October City, Egypt
Authors: Aziz Khaled Mahmoud Abdel , Rashwan Karim Samir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to represent the topographic surface of the earth as it is used in many applications. Nowadays, many free DEMs are available online. This study aims to assess the accuracy of six free DEMs. This research uses the GPS observations to determine the elevation stations in the study area by using the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) technique and compares these elevations against the elevations computed at the same stations by using six free online Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): SRTM 1 Arc-Second, ASTER 1 Arc-Second, NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, SRTM 3 Arc-Second, GTOPO30, and ALOS PALSAR 12.5 m to find the best results from the free DEMs. The elevations of all stations of different data sources were calculated using the geoid model EGM96. The results indicate that the DEMs that give the best results in this study are obtained from NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, where (RMSE is 2.99 m, and the SD is 2.97 m), and SRTM 3 Arc-Second, where the (RMSE is 3.70 m, and the SD is 3.53 m).
Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luan Heqi , Yan Lina , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ding Xuejiao , Cao Lihua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Invasion and metastasis are hallmark characteristics of cancer and the main causes of death in cancer patients. Studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays significant role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid found in seaweeds, has been proved to have anti-tumor effects. Our study aimed to research the role of fucoxanthin on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT of two types of LUAD cells.

Methods
Cell migration and invasion were examined by Wound-healing and Transwell assays. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT-related proteins and β-catenin. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of β-catenin in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues.

Results
Our results revealed that fucoxanthin depressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Moreover, fucoxanthin reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell motility. Meanwhile, we disclosed that fucoxanthin and XAV939 had similar effect on β-catenin, EMT protein and cell motility. What is more, immunohistochemical results revealed that the high expression rate and abnormal expression rate of β-catenin in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues.

Conclusion
Taken together, the findings of our research highlight a novel role for fucoxanthin in NSCLC cells, which might be a potentially effective anti-tumor agent for the treatment of LUAD patients.
Induced Earthquake Hazard by Geothermal Power Plants: Statistical Evaluation and Probabilistic Modeling
Authors: Khansefid Ali , Yadollahi Seyed Mahmoudreza , Müller Gerhard , Taddei Francesca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study statistically evaluated the characteristics of induced earthquakes by geothermal power plants (GPPs) and generated a probabilistic model for simulating stochastic seismic events. Four well-known power plant zones were selected worldwide from the United States, Germany, France, and New Zealand. The operational condition information, as well as the corresponding earthquake catalogs recorded in the vicinity of GPPs, were gathered from their commencement date. The statistical properties of events were studied elaborately. By using this proposed database, a probabilistic model was developed capable of generating the number of induced seismic events per month, their magnitude, focal depth, and distance from the epicenter to the power plant, randomly. All of these parameters are simulated as a function of power plant injection rate. Generally speaking, the model, introduced in this study, is a tool for engineers and scientists interested in the seismic risk assessment of built environments prone to induced seismicity produced by GPPs operation.
From agent-based models to the macroscopic description of fake-news spread: the role of competence in data-driven applications
Authors: Franceschi J. , Pareschi L. , Zanella M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFake news spreading, with the aim of manipulating individuals’ perceptions of facts, is now recognized as a major problem in many democratic societies. Yet, to date, little has been understood about how fake news spreads on social networks, what the influence of the education level of individuals is, when fake news is effective in influencing public opinion, and what interventions might be successful in mitigating their effect. In this paper, starting from the recently introduced kinetic multi-agent model with competence by the first two authors, we propose to derive reduced-order models through the notion of social closure in the mean-field approximation that has its roots in the classical hydrodynamic closure of kinetic theory. This approach allows to obtain simplified models in which the competence and learning of the agents maintain their role in the dynamics and, at the same time, the structure of such models is more suitable to be interfaced with data-driven applications. Examples of different Twitter-based test cases are described and discussed.
An improved real time detection of data poisoning attacks in deep learning vision systems
Authors: Raghavan Vijay , Mazzuchi Thomas , Sarkani Shahram 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe practice of using deep learning methods in safety critical vision systems such as autonomous driving has come a long way. As vision systems supported by deep learning methods become ubiquitous, the possible security threats faced by these systems have come into greater focus. As it is with any artificial intelligence system, these deep neural vision networks are first trained on a data set of interest, once they start performing well, they are deployed to a real-world environment. In the training stage, deep learning systems are susceptible to data poisoning attacks. While deep neural networks have proved to be versatile in solving a host of challenges. These systems have complex data ecosystems especially in computer vision. In practice, the security threats when training these systems are often ignored while deploying these models in the real world. However, these threats pose significant risks to the overall reliability of the system. In this paper, we present the fundamentals of data poisoning attacks when training deep learning vision systems and discuss countermeasures against these types of attacks. In addition, we simulate the risk posed by a real-world data poisoning attack on a deep learning vision system and present a novel algorithm MOVCE—Model verification with Convolutional Neural Network and Word Embeddings which provides an effective countermeasure for maintaining the reliability of the system. The countermeasure described in this paper can be used on a wide variety of use cases where the risks posed by poisoning the training data are similar.
Correlations of Composition, Structure, and Hardness in the High-Entropy Alloy System Nb–Mo–Ta–W
Authors: Xiao Bin , Lysogorskiy Yury , Savan Alan , Bögershausen Heidi , Pfetzing-Micklich Janine , Raabe Dierk , Drautz Ralf , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRefractory high-entropy alloys are of interest due to the potential of compositionally complex alloys to achieve combinations of mechanical properties such as room-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength rarely found in simpler alloys. To study a large compositional range of the system Nb–Mo–Ta–W, thin-film materials libraries were fabricated by combinatorial sputtering. High-throughput characterization methods were used to systematically determine composition-dependent properties: (I) the extent and stability of the complex solid solution range and (II) the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, hardness). The whole investigated composition range of Nb20–59Mo9–31Ta10–42W12–32 crystallized in a bcc phase, independent of annealing temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 °C. Mechanical strength values of the Nb–Mo–Ta–W compositions were calculated using the Maresca–Curtin analytical model parameterized with experimental data. A strong positive correlation with measured hardness was observed that allows using this analytical model for optimization of the mechanical strength. We predict that compositions with high Mo contents provide the highest hardness values.