bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of Dental Stem Cell and Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine Among Professional Groups
Authors: Rahman Fazliny Abd. , Lin Chua Sy , Qing Choo Yun , Ying Chin Chuan , Vien Chuah Yee , Wei Chung Teck 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:Dental stem cell research has become an important field in regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, the depth of knowledge and awareness of dental stem cells remain vague among the professional groups in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of professional groups in Malaysia on dental stem cells and their applications in regenerative medicine.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was implemented using online and hard-copy questionnaires that was distributed among medical doctors, scientists, and dentists to assess the level of knowledge and awareness (n=157). The questionnaire consists of 3 sections consisting of demographics, knowledge assessment and perception among the professional groups. The data were analysed using SPSS analysis.Results:Results showed that professional groups in Malaysia were knowledgeable and aware of dental stem cells and their application. Majority of the respondents were dentists (41.91%), followed by medical doctors (35.29%) and scientists (22.79%). 50.74% of respondents were unsure about the similar characteristics between dental stem cells (DSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Most respondents were aware of the derivation of DSCs from pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues (77.21%) and that DSCs are considered an adult stem cell source (51.11%). Most respondents were familiar with the characteristics of DSCs. They were aware that DSCs have the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into trilineage differentiation (69.12%). They agreed that DSCs are an excellent cell resource for therapeutic approaches to neural repair and regeneration (63.24%). 63.24% of the respondents demonstrated a positive outcome for dental stem cell research. 59.56% of them would be willing to donate their extracted teeth for research. About 56.62% of respondents would conserve their teeth in stem cell banks and 52.94% are interested in investing in the stem cell industry.Conclusion:A high level of perception and awareness about dental stem cells and its application was noted among professional groups in Malaysia. They are supportive and willing to invest for dental stem cell research.
Early Postoperative Effect of Ripasudil Hydrochloride After Trabeculectomy on Secondary Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mimura Tatsuya , Noma Hidetaka , Inoue Yuji , Kawashima Makoto , Kitsu Kazuma , Mizota Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor (ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate; ripasudil) eye drops on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after trabeculectomy in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.

Design:
This was a prospective, observational, controlled, and randomized study.

Methods:
Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with uveitic glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy without mitomycin C were randomly treated without ripasudil (8 eyes) and with ripasudil (8 eyes). Postoperative IOP and surgical outcomes 3 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results:
No patient discontinued treatment due to the lack of efficacy or adverse effects of ripasudil during the 3-month study period in the ripasudil group. The mean IOP (mmHg) in the control and ripasudil groups were 42.5 ± 9.8 mmHg /43.9 ± 11.7 mmHg (p = 0.82) at baseline, 14.3 ± 4.9 mmHg /9.0 ± 3.7 mmHg (p = 0.04) at 1 week, 16.3 ± 4.2 mmHg /10.6 ± 3.0 mmHg (p = 0.01) at 1 month, and 16.0 ± 3.4 mmHg /12.5 ± 2.3 mmHg (p = 0.04) at 3 months. The number of laser suture lysis procedures (2.0 ± 0.5 vs 0.4 ± 0.7), the rate of bleb revision by needling (50.0% vs 0.0%), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medications (1.6 ± 1.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.3) after trabeculectomy were higher in the control group than in the ripasudil group (all p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that the IOP reduction rate at 3 months after surgery was associated with the use of ripasudil and baseline IOP (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ripasudil for 3 months postoperatively. Ripasudil may effectively reduce postoperative IOP and increase the success rate of trabeculectomy in patients with uveitic glaucoma.
Trends in DNN Model Based Classification and Segmentation of Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Kataria Pooja , Dogra Ayush , Sharma Tripti , Goyal Bhawna 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Due to the complexities of scrutinizing and diagnosing brain tumors from MR images, brain tumor analysis has become one of the most indispensable concerns. Characterization of a brain tumor before any treatment, such as radiotherapy, requires decisive treatment planning and accurate implementation. As a result, early detection of brain tumors is imperative for better clinical outcomes and subsequent patient survival.

Introduction:
Brain tumor segmentation is a crucial task in medical image analysis. Because of tumor heterogeneity and varied intensity patterns, manual segmentation takes a long time, limiting the use of accurate quantitative interventions in clinical practice. Automated computer-based brain tumor image processing has become more valuable with technological advancement. With various imaging and statistical analysis tools, deep learning algorithms offer a viable option to enable health care practitioners to rule out the disease and estimate the growth.

Methods:
This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of conventional machine learning models as well as evolving deep learning techniques for brain tumor segmentation and classification.

Conclusion:
In this manuscript, a hierarchical review has been presented for brain tumor segmentation and detection. It is found that the segmentation methods hold a wide margin of improvement in the context of the implementation of adaptive thresholding and segmentation methods, the feature training and mapping requires redundancy correction, the input data training needs to be more exhaustive and the detection algorithms are required to be robust in terms of handling online input data analysis/tumor detection.
The Assessment of Community Knowledge and Prevention Practices of Malaria in a Rural Community in South Africa
Authors: Tshivhase Shonisani , Mashau Ntsieni S. , Munyai Livhuwani 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Malaria is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and affects the health and wealth of nations and of individuals. Malaria became a public health issue killing more than 627 000 people in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa, Malaria is endemic in 3 provinces namely: Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Kwazulu Natal. Limpopo contributes more cases than the other provinces in the country.

Objective:
The study assessed the knowledge and preventive practices regarding malaria in a rural community in South Africa.

Methodology:
A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic probability sampling to select 151 household members. All the households in each village were visited and the head of each household was interviewed. Data was collected through close-ended questionnaires and analysed through the Statistical Package for Social Science version 24. The analysed data is presented in tables, graphs, and percentages.

Results:
The findings revealed that most participants 103(67.8%) have secondary education, and all (100%) had heard about malaria. The main source of malaria information was nurses 48%. Most participants knew that malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites (86%) by an infected mosquito (77%.%). About 63% of the participants knew the basic signs of malaria such as headache, shivering, and high fever. About 59 (39%) said they used mosquito coils and wore long-sleeved clothes in their household to avoid mosquito bites.

Conclusion:
Malaria poses a threat to the lives of people living in malaria-endemic areas. Community members of Masisi Village know how malaria is transmitted, what causes it, and its signs and symptoms. However, malaria prevention practice is still cited as a public health challenge. Therefore, health education should emphasize methods of malaria prevention and control.
An In-silico Approach: Design, Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking,
MM/GBSA Simulations, and ADMET Screening of Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
as PLK1inhibitors
Authors: Revanasiddappa BC  , Malkaje Sindhya , Srinivasa Mahendra Gowdru , Deshpande N Shridhar , Navada Suharsha 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and major cause of
cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Disruption of the normal regulation of cell cycle
progression and proliferation are the major events leading to cancer. Human Polo-like Kinase 1
(PLK1) plays an important role in the regulation of cellular division. High PLK1 expression is
observed in various types of cancer including breast cancer. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are the fivemembered
heterocycles, that serve as versatile lead molecules for designing novel anticancer agents
and they mainly act by inhibiting various enzymes and kinases.

Objective:
A novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (A1-A26) were designed and subjected to
an in-silico analysis against PLK1 enzyme (PDB ID:1q4k), targeting breast cancer.

Methods:
The chemical structure of each compound (A1-26) was drawn using ChemDraw
software. The 3D structure model of protein target (PDB ID:1q4k) was built using the SWISSMODEL
server. Molecular docking simulation was performed to determine the designed
compound’s probable binding mode and affinity towards the protein target (PDB ID:1q4k). The
designed compounds were subjected to ADME screening, as well as Prime MM/GBSA
simulations using Schrodinger suite 2020-4. Furthermore, the safety profile of compounds was
examined through the OSIRIS property explorer program and the results were compared with the
standard drugs, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide.

Results:
Based on the binding affinity scores, the compounds were found selective to target protein
1q4k through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The compounds A11, A12, and
A13 were found to have higher G scores and binding free energy values. The ADME screening
results were also found to be within the acceptable range. Moreover, the in-silico toxicity
prediction assessments suggest that all designed compounds have a low risk of toxicity, and
have higher efficiency for the target receptor.

Conclusion:
The study showed that the substitution of electron-donating groups at the various
position of the aromatic ring, which is bonded at the second position of the substituted 1,3,4-
oxadiazole nucleus resulted in compounds with good binding energy and G score compared to the
standard drugs, and hence, they can be further developed as potent PLK1 enzyme inhibitors.
The First Asynchronous Online Evidence-Based Medicine Course for Syrian Health Workforce: Effectiveness and Feasibility Pilot Study
Authors: Kenjrawi Yazan , Dashash Mayssoon 
Published: August 2022

Background
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is critical for providing the best scientifically proven patient health care, and it is implemented worldwide in order to improve the quality of the delivered health care. However, not all Syrian health professionals are knowledgeable about the importance, methodology, and implementation of EBM. Providing web-based learning courses on EBM might be effective in improving the EBM knowledge of health care professionals.

Objective
This study was performed to test the effectiveness and the feasibility of an asynchronous web-based course on EBM in improving the competencies of Syrian health care professionals in terms of EBM.

Methods
A web-based course on EBM was developed in Arabic and uploaded onto the Syrian Virtual University platform. An electronic registration form was designed and distributed to medical groups on social media for registration to this web-based course. Both the pretest and posttest had the same 3 sections to measure the impact of this web-based EBM program on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the Syrian health care professionals. The posttest had an additional section for measuring the efficacy and ease of use of this program. Student paired 1-tailed t test was used to analyze the differences in the different assessment sections among the participants.

Results
Nineteen participants filled the electronic registration form, but 8 participants did not meet the inclusion criteria. Therefore, the pretest was sent to the remaining 11 participants (7 men and 4 women) who graduated from Syrian universities. Ten of them completed the pretest, while 7 of them completed the posttest. The web-based course was found to be effective in improving the participants’ EBM knowledge, skills, and attitudes at P>.05. Further, the web-based EBM course was feasible and easy-to-use.

Conclusions
In order for EBM to be implemented in Syria, continuous medical education training programs should be designed for clinical practitioners. Our study shows that asynchronous web-based medical education is an effective and a feasible means for introducing the concept of EBM, improving practitioners’ skills, and promoting the positive attitudes of Syrian clinical practitioners toward EBM.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION ON ACHIEVEMENT OF LOW MATHEMATICS ACHIEVERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Authors: NGOZI IGBO JANET , SOLOMON OJONUGWA DOMINIC 
Published: August 2022

This article examined the effect of two teaching strategies and mathematics achievement on low achievers in Nigeria. Three purposes and three null hypotheses were used. A quasi-experimental research design was used for the study. The sample size for the study consists of 146 (66 males and 80 females) identified low mathematics achievers drawn from six intact classes. The researchers used multi-stage sampling technique. In collecting data, validated Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was applied. Internal consistency of the instrument was confirmed. Reliability was determined using Kuder-Rechardson formula 20 (K-R 20) with the estimate of 0.89. The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed and hypotheses tested. Findings of the study revealed that the use of differentiated instruction (DI) in teaching low mathematics achievers in primary school improved the achievement in mathematics more than the control or dictated strategy (F=19.321, P<0.05); the impact of male and on low mathematics achievers was not significant (F= 2.176, P>0.05). The reciprocal action of the teaching methods in relation to male and female low mathematics achievers was not significant (F=1.584, P>0.05). Based on these Findings, differentiated instruction is an effective teaching method for improving the achievement of low mathematics achievers.
Clinical manifestations and healthcare utilization before diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Nativi-Nicolau Jose , Fine Nowell M , Ortiz-Pérez José Thomás , Brown Duncan , Vera-Llonch Montserrat , Reddy Sheila R , Chang Eunice , Tarbox Marian H 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Initial clinical manifestations of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) are not well understood, making timely diagnosis challenging.
Methods:
Patients aged ≥68 years newly diagnosed with ATTR were identified using Medicare Research Identifiable Files. Symptom manifestation and healthcare utilization were measured during 3 years pre-diagnosis; demographics and comorbidity index during 1-year pre-diagnosis. Controls (ATTR-free) were matched 1:1 to patients with ATTR based on age, sex and region; same index date and enrollment as match.
Results:
We identified 552 matched ATTR-control pairs: mean age 78.3 (standard deviation 6.3) and 64.5% male. Among patients with ATTR (vs controls), cardiovascular conditions (92.9 vs 75.9%) and hospitalization (54.0 vs 35.5%) were frequent during 3 years pre-diagnosis.
Conclusion:
Patients with ATTR have multiple symptoms and hospitalizations pre-diagnosis, recognition of which may facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Getting orthotropic deck plates involved in the structural performance of the bearing structures of bridges made of aluminum alloys
Authors: Korgin Andrey V. , Ermakov Valentin A. , Zeyd Kilani Leys Z. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article deals with getting an orthotropic deck plate, made of aluminum alloy EN-AW-6082 T6, involved in the structural performance of bearing structures of bridges; this type of plates is made by extruding composite plate elements, or hollow rods having closed rigid profiles of the pre-set shape, friction welding and mixing. These technologies are applied to make an orthotropic plate, a strong rigid metal structure that can be effectively integrated into the structural performance of bearing structures of a bridge superstructure to reduce the consumption of materials.
Materials and methods. The object of the study is a conventional single-span road bridge, which is 8.06 m long. The bridge has two bearing I-beams, five transverse I-beams and a deck made of four orthotropic plates placed perpendicular to the bridge axis. The numerical simulation of this structure was conducted to determine the numerical parameters of a change in the consumption of materials for various applications of orthotropic plates in bridge deck structures. The ANSYS software package was employed to simulate the following three models: a model in which orthotropic plates were not involved in the structural performance; a model that had orthotropic plates involved in the structural performance, and a model that had optimized geometric dimensions of sections of principal bearing beams and plates involved in the structural performance.
Results. The calculation results are provided in the form of diagrams of stresses and deflections along the bearing beams, the diagram of stresses in the cross-sections of bearing beams in the middle of the bridge span. Compared results of various calculation patterns are also provided. The amount of metal saved goes down with an 8–24 m increase in the span length, and it reaches 25–7 %, respectively.
Conclusions. The authors present their research findings, evaluate the effectiveness of this approach applied to the design of bridge structures, and make a conclusion about the spans of structures that make this approach most effective.
Glycemic Variability Patterns Strongly Correlate With Partial Remission Status in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pollé Olivier G. , Delfosse Antoine , Martin Manon , Louis Jacques , Gies Inge , den Brinker Marieke , Seret Nicole , Lebrethon Marie-Christine , Mouraux Thierry , Gatto Laurent , Lysy Philippe A. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether indexes of glycemic variability may overcome residual β-cell secretion estimates in the longitudinal evaluation of partial remission in a cohort of pediatric patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSValues of residual β-cell secretion estimates, clinical parameters (e.g., HbA1c or insulin daily dose), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) from 78 pediatric patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes were longitudinally collected during 1 year and cross-sectionally compared. Circadian patterns of CGM metrics were characterized and correlated to remission status using an adjusted mixed-effects model. Patients were clustered based on 46 CGM metrics and clinical parameters and compared using nonparametric ANOVA.RESULTSStudy participants had a mean (± SD) age of 10.4 (± 3.6) years at diabetes onset, and 65% underwent partial remission at 3 months. β-Cell residual secretion estimates demonstrated weak-to-moderate correlations with clinical parameters and CGM metrics (r2 = 0.05–0.25; P &lt; 0.05). However, CGM metrics strongly correlated with clinical parameters (r2 &gt;0.52; P &lt; 0.05) and were sufficient to distinguish remitters from nonremitters. Also, CGM metrics from remitters displayed specific early morning circadian patterns characterized by increased glycemic stability across days (within 63–140 mg/dL range) and decreased rate of grade II hypoglycemia (P &lt; 0.0001) compared with nonremitters. Thorough CGM analysis allowed the identification of four novel glucotypes (P &lt; 0.001) that segregate patients into subgroups and mirror the evolution of remission after diabetes onset.CONCLUSIONSIn our pediatric cohort, combination of CGM metrics and clinical parameters unraveled key clinical milestones of glucose homeostasis and remission status during the first year of type 1 diabetes.
Maximizing Performance with Safe Meat Production of Broiler by Feeding Enzyme Supplemented Antibiotic Free Diet
Authors: Beg Md. Anwarul H. , Begum Maksuda , Maniruzaman  , Rubel Md. Zahir U. 
Published: August 2022

The present work aimed at studying growth performance, carcass traits, and health status in broiler chicken-fed enzyme over a period of 4 weeks. A total of 300 day-old Lohmann broilers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with 3 replicates (20). T1, T2, and T3 were provided as 0.05 %, 0.1 %, and 0.15 % of the enzyme. Whereas T4 and T5 were antibiotic and control, respectively. The results revealed no significant (P<0.05) difference in feed intake (T4 - 2182.50bg and T2 - 2227.00 abg) and live weight (T5 - 1897.50a g and T1 - 1790.50b). The highest survivability percent was found in the enzyme supplemented group (T1, T2 &T3- 100 %). Highest hemoglobin (T2 - 9.0 gm/dl), RBC (T2-3.9mill/cum), WBC (T1-14475 mill/cum), lymphocytes (T1 - 38.50 %), Monocytes (T1 - 2.00 %) PCV (39.96 %), MCV (T1 - 88.58), MCH (T2 - 30.85 Pg) and MCHC (T2 - 32.80) were found highest in the enzyme-treated groups, which is an indication of good health. E. coli and salmonella spp. The count was significantly (P<0.05) lower in birds fed a 0.15 % enzyme supplemented diet and with a descending order of 0.1 % and 0.5 % enzyme level. Salmonella sp. and E Coli count was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in birds fed control and antibiotic. The results of the study demonstrate the beneficial effects of supplementing enzymes on body weight gain and dressed yield in the treated groups in broiler chicken. An enzyme is, therefore, suggested to be used as an alternative to antibiotics on broiler chicken rations for higher profitability.