bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and history of maternal immune activation Running: Maternal immune activation in ASD
Authors: Ellul Pierre , Maruani Anna , Peyre Hugo , Vantalon Valérie , Hoareau Daphnée , Tiercelin Hugo , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Klatzmann David , DELORME Richard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during the two first trimesters of pregnancy could be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. In mice, MIA has a long-term impact on offspring’s immune equilibrium resulting in a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Methods: We therefore hypothesized that children with ASD and a history of MIA could display a similar phenotype such as a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In this study, we used a retrospective sample of 231 dyads involving children with ASD and their mothers.Results: Among ASD patients, 12% had a history of MIA. We observed an abnormal NLR (over 3) in 7.4% of children with ASD MIA+ compared to 1.9% for MIA. The multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between NLR in children with ASD and maternal history of MIA (F=2.27, p=0.03). Limitations: Data collection on events during pregnancy was retrospective and our sample size was small for the MIA+ group. These limitations are offset by the use of strict criteria on the definition of MIA in pregnancy.Results: Our study reinforced preliminary evidence suggesting an impact of MIA on the risk of autism. Further studies could contribute to the development of biomarkers in MIA+ ASD and enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.
Solubility of spruce galactoglucomannans determines interfacial morphology and emulsion stability
Authors: Bhattarai Mamata , Kontro Inkeri , Sulaeva Irina , Valoppi Fabio , Potthast Antje , Mikkonen Kirsi S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Specific supramolecular interactions in polysaccharides change their solubility rendering diverse interfacial properties in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. We studied the effect of solubility of softwood hemicelluloses, spruce galactoglucomannans (GGMs) isolated by pressurized hot-water extraction methods or recovered as side streams in a thermomechanical pulp (TMP) mill on interfacial structures and stability of O/W emulsions. Detailed characterization of GGMs revealed a soluble (molecularly dispersed) fraction of molar mass 8.9 × 103–2.1 × 104 g mol−1 and sub-micron-sized insoluble fractions that were either loose assemblies or fractal type supramolecular aggregates and agglomerates. Based on the relative share of these fractions and nanostructural complexity, GGMs were classified into soluble, semi-soluble, and insoluble. GGMs extracted via pressurized hot-water extraction methods were soluble to semi-soluble compared to GGMs recovered from the TMP process. Semi-soluble GGMs exhibited efficient stability of dispersed oil droplets in emulsions followed by insoluble and soluble GGMs. With an increasing share of insoluble fractions and their structural complexity, emulsion’s interfacial morphology changed from smooth to diffused type. Comparing GGMs with soluble small-molecule surfactant Tween 20 and insoluble alkali extracted beechwood glucuronoxylans, our findings suggest that surface activity of adsorbing soluble or insoluble fraction dominates the interfacial morphology. Under the condition of sufficient interfacial coverage, insoluble fractions complement the emulsion stability with a filling effect in the continuous phase of emulsions. The findings improve our understanding of bio-based polysaccharides’ solubility, their emulsion stability mechanisms, and strategies to tailor via biorefining approaches.
Artificial Intelligent based Smart Drainage System
Authors: Misra Debajyoti , Das Gautam , Das Debaprasad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Clever monitoring and eliminating of clog in drainage is become very arduous in recent times. Presence of congestion and poorly maintained drainage system is leading various disturbances, like overflow of dirt water in streets, environmental issues and urban flooding, which in turn cause various water borne diseases and other hazards. This paper presents a smart drainage monitoring system. This advanced internet of things (IoT) based electronic system is capable of finding the blockage and removing the same using IoT. In order to do that, system consist of, a variety of sensors and clog finding modules are kept in several positions along the drainage network and the information is brought together using IoT. The ultrasonic level indicator finds whether there is any obstruction in between two successive manholes then it will activate cloud monitoring system to inform the responsible authority about the accurate location and amount of blockage. The various sensors give information about the pressure, presence of toxic gases and temperature of the particular drain. All this information is collected and analyzed by Arduino UNO microcontroller. The important aspects of the devise are economical, minimal maintenance, fast operation, and precise sensors, durable and high quality of server.
Health Care Needs of Iraqi Refugees Presenting to the Kurdish Red Crescent Clinics in the Al Hol Camp During 12 Months of on-going Conflict: A Cross-sectional Study. Short Title Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Idp and Refugee Health Care Needs
Authors: Garavan Karmel-Carrie , BERLAER Gerlant , HOUGHTON Frank , BERY Sherwan , BUYL Ronald , HUBLOUE Ives 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe Battle for Mosul began in October 2016 as the world's single largest military operation since the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In anticipation of massive displacement of Iraqi refugees, the Al-Hol camp was erected at the Iraqi-Syrian border meant to respond to the immediate needs of about 100,000 people. The Kurdish Red Crescent (KRC) in partnership with Un Ponte Per (UPP) operated two clinics in the camp, receiving over 200 patients daily. This study aims to describe health services utilisation, complaints, diagnoses and treatment of Iraqi war refugees in the camp and make recommendations to improve humanitarian response for these vulnerable populations.MethodsBy means of a cross-sectional analysis of all patient data collected in two primary healthcare clinics and an emergency room in the camp between March 2017 and March 2018 are reviewed and analysed, regarding demographics, complaints at presentation, diagnoses and treatment.ResultsOf all 148,743 patient contacts, 93,341 were individual consultations with health services provision to registered Iraqi refugees in both clinics, and 55,402 were Emergency Room encounters. Most frequent specific complaints (over 20%) were of respiratory origin (including infections and asthma), watery diarrhoea (8%) and urinary tract infections (7.6%). Urinary tract infections, anaemia and vaginal discharge were common among the female population. Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and arterial hypertension were frequent and consistent complaints throughout the year equally in male and female adults. Skin diseases included over 700 cases of leishmaniosis, mainly in the older population and in the first months. Mental health disorders remained under detected and 44% of diagnoses were categorised as unknown or “other”. There were 302 live births, and the highest Crude Mortality Rate (0.21) was in week 33.Emergency treatment included nebulisations, dressings, injections, suturing, splinting, and stabilization prior to referral to more advanced care outside the camp.ConclusionsMany Iraqi refugees in Al-Hol sought treatment for illnesses associated with prolonged poor living conditions, combined with seasonal variations in hostile desert climate: respiratory tract infections mainly seen in children, gastrointestinal diseases, urinary tract infections, and gender specific complaints of vaginal discharge and anaemia.
Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Activity of α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 Ternary Multi-heterojunction Nanoflakes Synthesized via Submerged DC Electrical Discharge in Urea Solution
Authors: Hashemi E. , Poursalehi R. , Delavari H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, novel α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 multi-heterojunction photocatalytic nanoflakes are fabricated via submerged DC electrical arc discharge in urea in water solution. FT-IR, XRD, EDS and PL results conform the formation of α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 multi-heterojunction. Formation of nanoflake morphology are revealed by FE-SEM, TEM images. Based on UV-visible results the calculated band gap energies are in the range between 2.7 and 3.0 eV for fresh sample and after one month. The photocatalytic performance of sample is investigated via degradation of methylene orange (MeO) under visible light irradiation. α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/ (BiO)4CO3(OH)2 exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than Bi2O2CO3, Bi2O3 and Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3. Also, stable photodegradation efficiency of sample after four cycles reveal the long term stability and reusability of synthesized photocatalyst. PL intensity show improved separation rate of electrons and holes and so better photocatalytic performance of multi-heterojunction in compared to single phase photocatalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the formation of multi-heterojunctions, flake morphology and intrinsic internal electric field (IEF). Multi-heterojunction nanoflakes enhance the absorbance of visible light and facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated electron-holes through large IEF which enhance the photocatalytic activity. Our work offers an effective method for production of innovative bismuth based photocatalyst with excellent prospective for degradation of environmental pollutions and light harvesting for renewable energy generation under visible-light.
Probabilistic Modelling of Target Drift in Marine Disasters Using Ocean Currents From High-Frequency Radars
Authors: Zhu Kui , Mu Lin , Tu Haiwen , Yu Runze , Xia Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The issue of target drift prediction based on ocean current from high-frequency (HF) ground-wave radar was studied in this paper. A large number of unpowered drift observation experiments for a class of South China Sea characteristic offshore fishing vessel was carried out in the range of radar radiation. The calculation of sub-grid velocity in the test area was based on the comparison between the HF radar data and the meteorological observation data of the buoy at sea. The two observation data also have good consistency in the matching of time and space. To analyze the temporal characteristics of diffusion velocity, the sample autocorrelation and the partial autocorrelation function of a sub-grid velocity were calculated separately, and a sub-grid model based on the ARMA model was proposed. Firstly, trajectory simulation based on the Runge-Kutta method was used to preliminarily verify the improvement of target drift prediction accuracy by ARMA model. In addition, the Monte-Carlo method was used to calculate and compare the prediction range of different sub-grid velocity models, and the ARMA model with different continuous prediction time steps was studied. Compared with the traditional sub-grid velocity model, the ARMA model with short-term continuous prediction can significantly improve the performance of target drift prediction model in terms of mean prediction error and separation. However, ARMA model is also limited by its continuous prediction step size to a large extent. On the one hand, this study verifies that the ARMA model with short-term continuous prediction improves the performance of target drift prediction model. On the other hand, the results further demonstrated that measured data provided by the HF radar, combined with other continuous ocean observation data, are of value for trajectory analysis of drift targets.
Prevalence of and factors associated with inadequate pain relief in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Costa Daniela Sofia Albino , Cruz Eduardo B , Lopes David G , Silva Catarina Nunes , Henriques Ana Rita , Luis Diogo , Branco Jaime , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Pain due to knee or hip osteoarthritis (HKOA) is the most common symptom for seeking health care given its interference on daily activities, social and occupational participation. The goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of inadequate pain relief (IPR) among people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (HKOA), characterize this population and identify factors associated with IPR, and compare therapeutic strategies used by people with IPR versus adequate pain relief (APR).Methods: We analyzed a representative sample of 1081 participants with a validated diagnosis of HKOA, from the population-based study EpiReumaPt. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related data were collected in a structured interview. Pain intensity (NPRS) data were collected in a medical appointment. IPR was defined as a mean pain intensity in the previous week of ≥5 points on 11-point numeric pain rating scale. Intake of regular medication for pain relief (last month), physiotherapy and surgery were considered as therapies for pain management. The factors associated with IPR were analyzed with logistic regression (p<0.05, 95%CI). To assess the effects of inadequate pain relief in the HOOS/KOOS activities of daily living and quality of life subscales and in the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms, linear and logistic regression were used. All analysis were weighted.Results: The estimated prevalence of IPR among people with HKOA was 68.8%. IPR was associated with being female (odds ratio (OR)=2.36, p<0.01), being overweight (OR=1.84, p=0.035) or obese (OR=2.26, p=0.006), and having multimorbidity (OR=2.08, p=0.002). People with IPR reported worse performance in activities of daily living and lower quality of life (b=-21.28, p<0.001 and b=–21.19, p<0.001, respectively) than people with APR. People with IPR consumed more NSAIDs (22.0%, p=0.003), opioids (4.8%, p=0.008), paracetamol (2.7%, p=0.033), and overall analgesics (7.3%, p=0.013) than people with APR. A higher proportion of people with IPR underwent physiotherapy (17.5%, p=0.002) than people with APR. Conclusion: These results indicate that most people with HKOA have poor control of pain, highlighting the need for further research and implementation of effective interventions.
Genome-wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction for Yield and Grain Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice
Authors: Yu Peiyi , Ye Changrong , Li Le , Yin Hexing , Zhao Jian , Wang Yongka , Zhang Zhe , Li Weiguo , Long Yu , Hu Xueyi , Xiao Jinhua , Jia Gaofeng , Tian Bingchuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Genomic selection is an efficient tool for breeding selection, especially for quantitative traits controlled by multiples genes with low heritability. To validate the application of genomic selection in hybrid rice breeding, the yield, grain quality and agronomic traits of 404 hybrid rice breeding lines were investigated, and the same accessions were genotyped by using a 56K SNP chip. There were wide variances among the tested accessions for all the measured traits, and most of the traits were correlated. A total of 67 significant loci were identified for the yield and agronomic traits, and 123 significant loci were identified for the grain quality traits by GWAS. Two of these loci associated with increasing grain yield but decreasing grain quality. The GEBVs of all the yield, quality and agronomic traits were calculated by using 15 different prediction algorithms. The plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grain length and width ratio, amylose content and alkali value have higher predictability than other traits. However, the predictability of different GS models is different for different traits. This study provided useful information for genomic selection of specific trait using proper markers and prediction models.
Finite-time dissipative synchronization of discrete-time semi-Markovian jump complex dynamical networks with actuator faults
Authors: Sakthivel N. , Pallavi S. , Ma Yong-Ki , Vijayakumar V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time synchronization for a class of discretetime semi-Markovian jumping complex dynamical networks(CDNs) with actuator faults based on reliable control. The main aim of this paper is to design a state feedback controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is finite-time synchronized under a prescribed dissipativity performance level even in the presence of actuator failures. Moreover, a stochastic nature followed by Bernoulli distribution is described in the considered networks due to the occurrence of probabilistic nature in time-varying delays. By composing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) containing triple summation terms with the aid of Kronecker product properties and utilizing free weighting matrix approach, sufficient criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that assures finite-time synchronization and meets the dissipativity performance to the addressed CDNs. The usefulness of the presented design scheme is finally verified by numerical examples.
Linagliptin improves high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial hyper- permeability through AMPK activation and RhoA/ROCK suppression
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Li Xianfan , Yu Zengpu , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is a major cause of albuminuria relevant to glomerular endothelial dysfunction of the kidney in diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to have pleiotropic protective effects to improve albuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which linagliptin improves human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) barrier dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the DPP-4 activity, the transendothelial electrical resistance of the monolayer in HRGECs, and the horseradish peroxidase–albumin leakage after the treatment with high glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of linagliptin preincubation. The distribution of F-actin remodeling was detected by a fluorescence probe. The phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), AMPK, and RhoA activity were evaluated in the endothelial cells by Western blotting. The effects of inhibition AMPK or RhoA/ROCK pathway on linagliptin-mediated protective effect on the endothelial barrier in HG status were observed.RESULTS:HG caused MLC-dependent reorganization of F-actin, leading to endothelial barrier disruption. However, these changes in HRGECs were attenuated by the Rho-dependent kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 or linagliptin. The phospho-MLC (pMLC) activated in HRGECs was regulated by RhoA/ROCK signaling. AMPK activation participated in the repair process of HG-induced RhoA-dependent endothelial cell hyperpermeability by linagliptin . Similarly , AMPK activation by linagliptin attenuated HG-induced RhoA dependent F-actin rearrangement and endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, whereas compoud C diminished the effect of linagliptin. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that HG led to increases in the activity of RhoA and DPP-4. These changes resulted in the rearrangement of endothelial cell cytoskeleton and the dysfunction of the glomerular endothelial barrier, which were mediated by MLC. The present study revealed a novel mechanism of linagliptin-mediated AMPK activation in preventing RhoA-dependent F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and reduced glomerular endothelial barrier permeability in diabetic conditions.
Evaluation of formation and health risks of disinfection by-products in drinking water supply of Ggaba waterworks, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nshemereirwe Annitah , Zewge Feleke , Malambala Enos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In developing countries, the evaluation of disinfection by-products in drinking water has been neglected because most water utility companies focus on microbial elimination. As a result, this study aimed at evaluating trihalomethane formation, the relation between water quality parameters and trihalomethane formation, and the estimation of the associated potential health risks in drinking water. The headspace purge and trap coupled with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique was used to quantify trihalomethane. The concentrations of trihalomethane found in the water were within the National Water and Sewerage Corporation, World Health Organization guidelines, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, bromide concentration, and the temperature had a positive and significant correlation, pH had a positive but non-significant correlation, while the residual chlorine had a negative but significant correlation with trihalomethane formation. The potential health risk using the WHO index was 0.4, indicating no noncarcinogenic risk to human health in the study area. The lifetime carcinogenic risks of trihalomethane due to oral ingestion, dermal, and inhalation were 2.5×10−5, 9.1×10−6, and 8.3×10−6 for females and 2.4×10−5, 1×10−5, and 7.9×10−6 for males, and the values were within the USEPA acceptable low-risk range of 1×10−6&lt;CR&lt;5.1×10−5.
Individual and synergic effect of carbamazepine and diclofenac in the removal of organic matter from an expanded granular bed anaerobic reactor
Authors: Baquero Eva Sandrith , Rodríguez Diana C. , Peñuela Gustavo A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the negative effects caused to the natural environment by the presence of pharmaceutical-type traces and other pollutants in wastewater, it is necessary to develop and optimize efficient treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) on the behavior of seven EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) anaerobic reactors at laboratory scale, using chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the influent, effluent, and the biomass contained in the reactors. The results showed that CBZ had a greater effect on the removal and behavior of microorganisms than DCF, with average efficiencies of 34.04 ± 18.58%, 20.76 ± 8.51% and 16.29 ± 11.08% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for CBZ, and 92.37 ± 12.74%, 26.77 ± 5.90% and 22.28 ± 9.60% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for DCF. Additionally, it was found that the interaction of the co-substrate used (sodium acetate) in conjunction with the pharmaceutical compounds decreased the efficiency of the system in terms of the removal of analytes.