bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does academic research have practical relevance? A question of translating hydrology research into practice
Authors: Rokaya Prabin , Pietroniro Alain 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrology research has played a vital role in improving hydrological process understanding and by extension, devising solutions to address water management challenges that are critical for people and the environment. Research projects in hydrology are often considered successful when scientific or engineering advancements through new insights or new models or improved understanding are published in peer reviewed or other literature. Quantitative research outputs, such as number of journal publications, number of students trained, number of conference presentations, or additional funding leveraged are considered key indicators of success in research. In this commentary, we argue that research has limited utility when practical applications that add value to practitioners are not explored concurrently within the research process. We discuss some outstanding challenges in translating academic research into practice, and make some recommendations to bridge the increasing gap between research and practice through a strong knowledge mobilization effort.
Liquid crystal precursor system as a vehicle for curcumin‐mediated photodynamic inactivation of oral biofilms
Authors: Reina Bárbara Donadon , Santezi Carolina , Malheiros Samuel Santana , Calixto Giovana , Rodero Camila , Victorelli Francesca Damiani , Chorilli Marlus , Dovigo Lívia Nordi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurcumin has great potential as a photosensitizer, but it has low solubility in aqueous solutions. This study reports the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by a curcumin‐loaded liquid crystal precursor (LCP) on in situ dental biofilms. Thirty volunteers used intraoral devices containing enamel samples for 48 hours for biofilm formation. The samples were then removed from the device and treated either with LCP with 160 μM of curcumin plus illumination at 18 J/cm2 (C + L+ group) or with LCP without curcumin in the dark (C – L − group). Following this, the biofilm from the samples was plated for quantifying the viable colonies at 37°C for 48 hours. Specific and nonspecific media were used for the presumptive isolation of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species/aciduric microorganisms, Candida species, and total microbiota. The C + L+ group showed a highly significant (P < .001) reduction in the log10 (colony forming units/mL) values as compared to the C − L − group for all culture media. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that there may be predictors at individual volunteer level explaining the difference in the PDI efficacy among different individuals (P = .001). The LCP system retained curcumin and released it slowly and continuously, thus protecting the drug from photodegradation. LCP with curcumin is considered effective for the photoinactivation of dental biofilms, but the PDI efficacy may differ based on the host's individual characteristics.
Rapid determination of Proteus mirabilis susceptibility to antibiotics using infrared spectroscopy in tandem with random forest
Authors: Sharaha Uraib , Abu‐Aqil George , Suleiman Manal , Riesenberg Klaris , Lapidot Itshak , Huleihel Mahmoud , Salman Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBacterial infections cause serious illnesses that are treated with antibiotics. Currently used methods for detecting bacterial antibiotic susceptibility consume 48–72 h, leading to overuse of antibiotics. Thus, many bacterial species have acquired resistance to a broad range of available antibiotics. There is an urgent need to develop efficient methods for rapid determination of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. The combination of machine learning and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has generated a promising diagnostic approach in medicine and biology. Our main goal is to examine the potential of FTIR spectroscopy to determine the susceptibility of urinary tract infection‐Proteus mirabilis to a specific range of antibiotics, within about 20 min after 24 h culture and identification. We measured the infrared spectra of 489 different P. mirabilis isolates and used random forest to analyze this spectral database. A classification success rate of ~84% was achieved in differentiating between the resistant and sensitive isolates based on their susceptibility to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole antibiotics in a time span of 24 h instead of 48 h.
Osteoporosis Medications Prevent Subsequent Fracture in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Chattaris Tanchanok , Oh Gahee , Gouskova Natalia A , Kim Dae Hyun , Kiel Douglas P , Berry Sarah D 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Frailty is common in older adults with fractures. Osteoporosis medications reduce subsequent fracture, but limited data exist on medication efficacy in frail individuals. Our objective was to determine whether medications reduce the risk of subsequent fracture in frail, older adults. A retrospective cohort of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries was conducted (2014–2016). We included adults aged ≥65 years who were hospitalized with fractures without osteoporosis treatment. Pre-fracture frailty was defined using claims-based frailty index (≥0.2 = frail). Exposure to any osteoporosis treatment (oral or intravenous bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide) was ascertained using Part B and D claims and categorized according to the cumulative duration of exposure: none, 1–90 days, and &gt;90 days. Subsequent fractures were ascertained from Part A or B claims. Cause-specific hazard models with time-varying exposure were fit to examine the association between treatment and fracture outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates. Among 29,904 patients hospitalized with fractures, 15,345 (51.3%) were frail, and 2148 (7.2%) received osteoporosis treatment (median treatment duration 183.0 days). Patients who received treatment were younger (80.2 versus 82.2 years), female (86.5% versus 73.0%), and less frail (0.20 versus 0.22) than patients without treatment. During follow-up, 5079 (17.0%) patients experienced a subsequent fracture. Treatment with osteoporosis medications for &gt;90 days compared with no treatment reduced the risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–1.00) overall. Results were similar in frail (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.65–1.12) and non-frail (HR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.61–1.04) patients but not significant. In conclusion, osteoporosis treatment &gt;90 days was associated with similar trends in reduced risk of subsequent fracture in frail and non-frail persons. Treatment rates were very low, particularly among the frail. When weighing treatment options in frail older adults with hospitalized fractures, clinicians should be aware that drug therapy does not appear to lose its efficacy. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on biofilm formation on titanium and zirconia disc surfaces
Authors: Assery Nasser , Alomeir Nora , Zeng Yan , Xiao Jin , Tsigarida Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLasers represent a promising method for implant decontamination, but evidence on implant surface changes and subsequent biofilm formation is limited. This study aimed to assess the effect of erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatment on zirconia and titanium discs, and the differences in biofilm formation as a result of surface alterations.MethodsA two‐stage (in vitro and in vivo) experiment utilizing Er:YAG laser on titanium and zirconia discs was performed. In vitro, surface alterations, roughness, and elemental‐material weight differences following laser treatment were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In vivo, four participants wore custom‐made intra‐oral stents, embedded with laser‐treated and untreated titanium and zirconia discs overnight. Biofilm‐coated discs were stained using nucleic acid fluorescence dye and visualized using multiphoton confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm 3D structure, biomass, thickness, and live‐to‐dead bacteria ratio were assessed.ResultsBoth titanium and zirconia discs treated with Er:YAG laser resulted in visual surface alterations, but showed no significant change in average surface roughness (titanium P = 0.53, zirconia P = 0.34) or elemental‐material‐weight (titanium, P = 0.98), (zirconia, P = 0.96). No significant differences in biofilm biomass, average thickness, and live‐to‐dead bacteria ratio of laser‐treated titanium and zirconia discs were identified compared to untreated groups (titanium P > 0.05, zirconia P > 0.05). Generally, zirconia discs presented with a lower live‐to‐dead bacteria ratio compared to titanium discs, regardless of laser treatment.ConclusionEr:YAG laser treatment of titanium and zirconia implant surfaces does not significantly affect surface roughness, elemental material weight, or early biofilm formation in the oral cavity.
The role of calcium‐sensitive receptor in ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in juvenile mice with asthma
Authors: Xiang Zhao‐Yan , Tao Di‐Di 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of the calcium‐sensitive receptor (CaSR) was assessed in a juvenile mouse model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The experiment was divided into normal control, OVA, and OVA +2.5/5 mg/kg NPS2143 (a CaSR antagonist) groups. OVA induction was performed in all groups except the normal control, followed by assessing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung pathological changes. Serum OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 were detected with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and western blotting were performed to detect gene and protein expression. NPS2143 improved the OVA‐induced AHR in mice, and AHR was higher in the OVA +2.5 mg/kg NPS2143 group than in the OVA +5 mg/kg NPS2143 group. Furthermore, NPS2143 reduced the production of OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 in serum and the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF in OVA mice with reduced CaSR expression in lung tissues. Besides, OVA‐induced mice exhibited peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, which was accompanied by severe goblet cell hyperplasia/hyperplasia and airway mucus hypersecretion. Furthermore, these mice exhibited increased levels of Interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐13, MCP‐1, and eotaxin, which were alleviated by NPS2143. The 5 mg/kg NPS2143 showed more effective than the 2.5 mg/kg treatment. CaSR expression was elevated in the lung tissues of OVA‐induced asthmatic juvenile mice, whereas the CaSR antagonist NPS2143 reduced AHR and attenuated the inflammatory response in OVA‐induced juvenile mice, possibly exerting therapeutic effects on childhood asthma.
Formal Closure of Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Defects With a “Bow Tie” Tri‐Layer Graft
Authors: El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Jiam Nicole T. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , McDermott Michael W. , Gurrola Jose G. , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveRisk factors for a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) after surgery include an intraoperative high flow of CSF, elevated body mass index, defect size, and defect site. In our prior series, a high postoperative CSF leak rate for tumors of the central skull base (planum, sella, and clivus) appeared to be due to graft migration. We changed our closure technique from a single layer of collagen +/− fat graft to a novel graft, termed a “Bow tie” (a tri‐layer fat graft with two pieces of collagen matrix), and report our results in this study.MethodsRetrospective temporal epoch study of a single otolaryngologist's experience of closing skull base defects in our skull base center from 2005 to 2017.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria in two time periods, pre‐ and post‐introduction of the Bow tie technique. In epoch I, from 2005 to 2013, 79 patients had reconstruction with a single layer of dural graft (25 had additional free fat graft). In epoch II, from 2014 to 2017, 70 patients had reconstruction with the Bow tie.ResultsCSF leak rates were 8.7% overall: 15.2% in epoch I and 1.4% in epoch II (p = 0.01). After controlling the procedure, defects with a size greater than 2 cm had a 5.7 greater likelihood of failure. Epoch II had a lower incidence of major complications.ConclusionUsing a single surgeon's experience, the multilayer Bow tie has a significant reduction in postoperative CSF leak and associated major complications for defects of the central skull base.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1568–1575, 2023
Coral reef erosion: In situ measurement on different dead coral substrates on a Caribbean reef
Authors: Molina‐Hernández Ana , Medellín‐Maldonado Francisco , Lange Ines D. , Perry Chris T. , Álvarez‐Filip Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWidespread mortality of reef‐building coral substantially reduces the capacity for reef growth and makes available extensive bare substrate areas that in the absence of coral recovery will be eroded by a variety of external and internal bioeroders. Here, we analyze rates of external erosion on six different types of carbonate substrates under in situ conditions over a 2‐yr period. We measure vertical changes in the surface elevation of four species of recently dead corals afflicted by the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak, and other two common types of calcareous substrates, long‐dead Acropora palmata fronds and bare calcareous hardground, as a reference for “bare” carbonate substrates that occur widely in Caribbean reefs. The surface of the recently dead colonies experienced significant erosion after 2 yr of exposure, but at different rates depending on the species. Dead skeletons of Orbicella faveolata experienced the greatest rates of erosion after 2 yr at −9.9 mm (±3.2 mm); Dendrogyra cylindrus eroded −3.6 mm (±2.8 mm), Pseudodiploria strigosa −3.3 mm (±3.7 mm), and Siderastrea siderea −1.2 mm (±0.9 mm), while long‐dead substrates remained unchanged. There was significant erosion in the presence of parrotfish grazing scars and of short algal turf mats, while crustose coralline algae cover and sand‐and‐high turf mats were not associated with significant changes in elevation, arguably indicating a protective effect. This study provides new insights into how and at what rates external carbonate erosion is shaping contemporary reefs at fine spatial and temporal scales.
Influence of family function on social anxiety among Chinese nursing students: The mediating role of alexithymia
Authors: Chu Yuying , Zhang Yuqiang , Yang Dan , Wang Suyan , Liang Chunguang , Wang Xue , Dai Hongliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to explore the relationship between family function, alexithymia and social anxiety among Chinese nursing students, especially to determine whether alexithymia acts as a mediator between family function and social anxiety among this social group.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom January to March 2021, a cross‐sectional study was conducted among 204 Chinese nursing students at a nursing school of a medical university in the Northeastern Region of China. The interaction anxiousness scale, APGAR family function scale and Tronto alexithymia scale were used for measurement of social anxiety, perceived family function and alexithymia respectively. The data were subjected to correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsResults indicated that social anxiety score was negatively correlated with perceived family function (r = −.232), but positively with alexithymia (r = .307). After controlling for demographic variables, family function and alexithymia could explain 14.5% of the total variance in social anxiety. The SEM results suggested that the effect of family function on social anxiety was partially mediated by alexithymia with a 36.9% mediating effect.ConclusionsThis study reveals that alexithymia might partially mediate the impact of family function and social anxiety in Chinese nursing students. In this sense, improvement of alexithymia is expected to be an effective strategy to ameliorate the severity social anxiety in Chinese nursing students, especially for those with a dysfunctional family context.
Economic evaluation of the Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone trial for early childhood obesity prevention
Authors: Killedar Anagha , Wen Li Ming , Tan Eng Joo , Marshall Sarah , Taki Sarah , Buchanan Limin , Rissel Chris , Xu Huilan , Baur Louise A. , Hayes Alison 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct an economic evaluation of the Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone (CHAT) trial to prevent childhood obesity.MethodsCost‐effectiveness analyses were conducted for the telephone and short message service (SMS) delivery of Healthy Beginnings advice, compared with usual care, which included child health services unrelated to Healthy Beginnings. Costs were valued in 2018 Australian dollars, and costs and outcomes were discounted at 5% per year. The costs of upscaling both delivery modes to all yearly births in New South Wales, Australia, were estimated and compared with the original Healthy Beginnings home‐visiting intervention.ResultsAt child age 2 years, the SMS delivery was more cost‐effective ($5154 per unit BMI and $979 per 0.1 BMI z score units avoided) than the telephone delivery ($10,665 per unit BMI and $2017 per 0.1 BMI z score units avoided). The costs of upscaling the SMS ($7.64 million) and the telephone delivery modes ($37.65 million) were lower than the home‐visiting intervention ($108.45 million).ConclusionsSMS delivery of Healthy Beginnings advice was more cost‐effective than telephone delivery but less cost‐effective than the original home‐visiting approach ($4230 per unit BMI avoided, as calculated in an earlier study). Both the SMS and telephone interventions were more affordable than the home‐visiting approach.
Foodborne transmission of norovirus: mechanism modelling, seasonality and policy implications (2020 System Dynamics Applications Award paper)
Authors: Lane David C. , Husemann Elke , Holland Darren , Khaled Abdul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe article describes a study of the foodborne transmission mechanisms for norovirus. It was undertaken for the U.K. Food Standards Agency and received the System Dynamics Society's 2020 “System Dynamics Applications Award”. The article opens with descriptions of norovirus, the organisational context and the aims of the study. The first phase involved the construction of a large, fully formulated SD simulation model which included person‐to‐person mechanisms and, newly built, food‐related mechanisms for norovirus transmission. The group modelling process and the model structure are described. The model's existence demonstrated that enough was known about foodborne mechanisms to create an explicit and carefully documented representation that specialists recognised, understood, and accepted. Additionally, a framework for analysing the model's parameters—some currently unknown—helped organise FSA thinking on future research and potential policy levers. A second phase used mathematical analysis of a simplified SD model to assess the relative scale of the foodborne effects. In terms of contributions, this generated insights into possible sources of seasonality and insights into whether the most effective leverage points in the system lay solely within the remit of the FSA or were also within the remits of other government departments. The article closes by summarising the findings and then exploring their policy implications and recording the client's reactions to them. © 2022 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Trade‐offs to using standardized tools: Innovation enablers or creativity constraints?
Authors: Miric Milan , Ozalp Hakan , Yilmaz Erdem Dogukan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryIn platform ecosystems, the creation of new products is often based on standardized development tools. Complementors often have a choice between either using these tools or creating the functionality themselves. In this paper, we study how the use of standardized development tools is related to the type of products created. By using data on the use of middleware (e.g., game engines) in the console video game market, we show that the use of development tools is associated with products that are less novel but with higher sales on average. We exploit a policy change that affected the ability of U.S.‐based developers to hire foreign workers as an instrument for the use of development tools and find further support for these patterns.Managerial AbstractWhen developing new products, firms often have to decide whether they base their technology on preexisting components and standardized tools or develop that technology themselves. In general, it has not been clear how using standardized third‐party tools that may be available to all firms in an industry affects the nature of the products that are created. Using data on middleware components, such as game engines, in the console video game industry, this paper shows the use of such standardized tools is associated with the creation of products that are less novel but generate higher sales on average. This is an important strategic consideration for firms, but also for platforms that make decisions regarding whether such tools should be allowed on their platform.
Genetic factors underlying anaerobic germination in rice: Genome‐wide association study and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Thapa Ranjita , Tabien Rodante E. , Thomson Michael J. , Septiningsih Endang M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe success of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germination and survival under submerged conditions is mainly determined by the rapid growth of the coleoptile to reach the water surface. Previous reports have shown the presence of genetic variability within rice accessions in the levels of flooding tolerance during germination or anaerobic germination (AG). Although many studies have focused on the physiological mechanisms of oxygen stress, few studies have explored the breadth of natural variation in AG tolerance‐related traits in rice. In this study, we evaluated the coleoptile lengths of a geographically diverse rice panel of 241 accessions, including global accessions along with elite breeding lines and released cultivars from the United States, under the normal and flooded conditions in laboratory and greenhouse environments. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a 7K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and the phenotypic data of normal coleoptile length, flooded coleoptile length, flooding tolerance index, and survival at 14 d after seeding (DAS). Out of the 30 significant GWAS quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions identified, 14 colocalized with previously identified candidate genes of AG tolerance, whereas 16 were potentially novel. Two rice accessions showing contrasting phenotypic responses to AG stress were selected for the transcriptomics study. The combined approach of GWAS and transcriptomics analysis identified 77 potential candidate genes related to AG tolerance. The findings of our study may assist rice improvement programs in developing rice cultivars with robust tolerance under flooding stress during germination and the early seedling stage.