bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing Trade and Environmental Norms Together: The Case of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations
Authors: Cho Youngjeen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Protecting the environment is not a new topic in international trade law. The growing environmental impacts of globalization have made protecting the environment an increasingly pressing issue. In fisheries subsidies negotiations since 2001, WTO members have attempted to introduce environmental norms into the existing trade law framework. After examining the draft text and the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, this article finds it difficult and inappropriate to assess and regulate purely environmental issues through the lens of trade agreements, particularly the SCM Agreement. The draft text and the Agreement reveal conflicts with the basic concepts, principles, and framework of WTO law and do not ensure effective conservation of fisheries stocks. Based on these findings, this article argues that, as much as the conservation of fish stocks is imperative, it should be done in a manner consistent with the basic framework of international law and international trade law.
Total Steroid Intake is Associated With Hospital Mortality in Patients With Pan-Peritonitis due to Colorectal Perforation
Authors: Suda Kotaro , Shimizu Takayuki , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Miyashita Shotaro , Niki Maiko , Shibuya Norisuke , Hachiya Hiroyuki , Shiraki Takayuki , Matsumoto Takatsugu , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Mori Shozo , Iso Yukihiro , Takagi Kazutoshi , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: October 2022

Background Patients with pan-peritonitis (PP) due to colorectal perforation have high mortality rate because colorectal perforation causes septic shock. The association between total steroid intake (TSI) and hospital mortality of such patients is not clear. Methods One hundred forty-two patients who underwent surgery for PP due to colorectal perforation were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups by 8000 mg of TSI. The cut-off value of TSI was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve for hospital mortality. Results The cut-off value of TSI for hospital mortality was 8000 mg. Patients with TSI>8000 mg had high rate of hemodialysis, hospital mortality, and elevated neutrophil ratio (>95%) compared with those with TSI≤8000 mg. Multivariate analyses revealed that TSI (>8000/≤8000, mg) (OR, 9.669; 95% CI, 1.011-92.49; P = .049) was significantly associated with hospital mortality as well as bleeding volume (>1000/≤1000, mL) (OR, 26.08; 95% CI, 3.566-190.4; P = .001), lymphocyte ratio (≤4/>4, %) (OR, 7.988; 95% CI, 1.498-42.58; P = .015) and C-reactive protein (≤7.5/>7.5, mg/dL) (OR, 41.66; 95% CI, 4.784-33.33; P = .001). Discussion There was a significant association between TSI and hospital mortality in patients with PP due to colorectal perforation as well as intraoperative bleeding and systemic inflammatory markers.
Comparison of cartilage and temporalis fascia grafts in type 1 tympanoplasty: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhao Rui 
Published: October 2022

Objective To systematically review the results of type 1 tympanoplasties with temporalis fascia (TF) vs cartilage grafts in patients with chronic otitis media. Methods Eligible studies were identified from PubMed, Ovid, and EMBASE databases prior to November 2021. We analyzed the pure tone audiometry (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) data as continuous variables, and the success rate was analyzed as a dichotomous variable. Results Forty-four studies, including 4582 patients, were eligible. The cartilage graft overall morphologic success rate was higher than that of the TF grafts ( P < .001). In the palisade ( P < .004) and island grafts ( P < .001) subgroups, the analysis was significantly different. However, there was no significant difference in the inlay butterfly grafts subgroup. For hearing outcomes, the analysis revealed that TF grafts had a smaller mean post-operative ABG ( P = .009). However, the subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in the mean post-operative ABG. For PTA, there was no significant difference in hearing improvement. However, the palisade cartilage graft subgroup resulted in a better hearing outcome than the TF graft subgroup in terms of the mean post-operative PTA ( P = .007). There was no significant difference in the functional success rate or mean ABG gain. Conclusion Cartilage grafts have a better success rate than TF grafts in tympanoplasty. Both cartilage and TF tympanoplasty provided similar improvements in hearing outcome, while TF grafts generated a better outcome in post-operative ABG and palisade cartilage grafts in post-operative PTA. This may be related to the biological characteristics of the grafts. Further thorough studies need to be conducted.
Playing Chess When You Only Have a Couple of Pawns: Policy Advocacy in Teacher Education
Authors: Aydarova Elena , Rigney James , Dana Nancy Fichtman 
Published: October 2022

Background: In recent years, intermediary organizations have increasingly influenced educational policy. Among other proposals, they have promoted teacher education redesign based on technocratic values and stringent accountability measures. In response to these policy changes and the intensifying crisis in the teaching profession, teacher educators have been called to engage in policy debates. Yet, to date, few studies have explored how teacher educators participate in policy advocacy. Purpose/Research Question: The purpose of this study is to examine variations in teacher educators’ efforts to influence policymaking decisions. Using the conceptual framework of policy advocacy, the study addresses the following research question: How do teacher educators engage in policy advocacy? Research Design: The study utilizes multiple case study methodology and incorporates four cases. Through a qualitative analysis of interviews, policy artifacts, policy documents, and videos of official policymaking and legislative meetings, we document how teacher educators seek to influence the direction of teacher education reforms by engaging with policymakers, the public, and other policy actors. We compare advocacy activities of different teacher educators and note the varying outcomes these activities produce. Findings: Our study shows that teacher educators engaged in information campaigning through research briefs, policy reports, letter writing, and sharing personal stories. Although some attempted to engage the public, most focused their efforts on building relationships with decision-makers. Despite those efforts, study participants were rarely consulted when new policies were conceptualized. Our study also points to a contrast between groups that worked to disrupt policy agendas of intermediary organizations and those that aligned their advocacy work with them. Those who attempted to advocate against the measures promoted by intermediary organizations faced more challenges than those who formed coalitions with intermediary organizations. Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the paradox teacher educators faced when they engaged in policy advocacy. Resisting the agendas of intermediary organizations (IOs) made policy advocacy more challenging for teacher educators. But coalitions with IOs could co-opt teacher educators’ voices toward technocratic agendas of teacher education reform.
The relationship between school-age children’s interoceptive awareness and executive functioning: An exploratory study
Authors: Bishop Caitlin , Brown Ted , Yu Mong-Lin 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Independently, interoceptive awareness and executive functioning play major roles in children’s abilities to engage in their daily occupations. This study investigated the potential relationship between neurotypical school-age children’s interoceptive awareness and executive functioning. Method: A convenience sample of 30 children (8–12 years) completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness–youth and one of their parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function® – Second Edition (BRIEF®2). Spearman rho correlations and linear regression analyses with bootstrapping were completed. Results: The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness–youth Emotional Awareness aspect of interoceptive awareness was significantly correlated with and predictive of the following BRIEF®2 executive functioning components: Emotion Regulation Index (ρ = 0.402, R2 = 0.888, p < 0.001), Cognitive Regulation Index (ρ = 0.364, R2 = 0.256, p < 0.001) and the Global Executive Composite (ρ = 0.049, R2 = 0.128, p < 0.012), as well as the following subscales: Organisation of Materials (ρ = 0.422, R2 = 0.150, p < 0.020), Working Memory (ρ = 0.393, R2 = 0.085, p < 0.033), Emotional Control (ρ = 0.394, R2 = 0.176, p < 0.002) and Inhibit (ρ = 0.373, R2 = 0.141, p < 0.003). Conclusion: It appears that there is a significant and predictive relationship between neurotypical children’s interoceptive awareness and aspects of their executive functioning.
Glenoid Track Width Is Smaller Under Dynamic Conditions: An In Vivo Dual-Fluoroscopy Imaging Study
Authors: Wu Chenliang , Wang Yufan , Wang Cong , Chen Jiebo , Xu Junjie , Yu Wanxin , Huang Kai , Ye Zipeng , Jiang Jia , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Zhao Jinzhong , Xie Guoming 
Published: October 2022

Background: The glenoid track concept has been widely used to assess the risk of instability due to bipolar bone loss. The glenoid track width was commonly used as 83% of the glenoid width to determine if a lesion was on-track or off-track. However, the value was obtained under static conditions, and it may not be able to reflect the actual mechanism of traumatic dislocation during motion. Purpose: To compare the glenoid track width under dynamic and static conditions using a dual-fluoroscopic imaging system. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In total, 40 shoulders of 20 healthy volunteers were examined for both dynamic and static tests within a dual-fluoroscopic imaging system at 5 different arm positions: 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of abduction, keeping the shoulder at 90° of external rotation. The participants performed a fast horizontal arm backswing for dynamic tests while keeping their arm in maximum horizontal extension for static tests. Computed tomography scans were used to create 3-dimensional models of the humerus and scapula for 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional image registration. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained to delineate the medial margin of the rotator cuff insertion. The glenoid track width was measured as the distance from the anterior rim of the glenoid to the medial margin of the rotator cuff insertion and compared between static and dynamic conditions. Results: The mean glenoid track widths at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of abduction were significantly smaller under dynamic conditions (88%, 81%, 72%, 69%, and 68% of the glenoid width) than those under static conditions (101%, 92%, 84%, 78%, and 77% of the glenoid width) (all P < .001). The glenoid track width significantly decreased with the increasing abduction angles in the range of 30° to 120° under static conditions (all P < .003) and 30° to 90° under dynamic conditions (all P < .001). Conclusion: A smaller dynamic-based value should be considered for the glenoid track width when distinguishing on-track/off-track lesions. Clinical evidence is needed to establish the superiority of the dynamic-based value over the static-based value as an indicator for augmentation procedures. Clinical Relevance: Some off-track lesions might be misclassified as on-track lesions when the original commonly used static-based value of 83% is used as the glenoid track width.
Human Adipose- and Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Similarly Mitigate Osteoarthritis Progression in the Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig
Authors: Kwapisz Adam , Bowman Mackenzie , Walters Joshua , Cosh Heather , Burnikel Brian , Tokish John , Ye Tong , Mercuri Jeremy 
Published: October 2022

Background: Clinical trials are currently underway to investigate the efficacy of intra-articular administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) progression in the knee. Although multiple MSC sources exist, studies have yet to determine whether differences in therapeutic efficacy exist between them. Purpose: To compare the ability of intra-articularly injected adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and amnion-derived MSCs (AM-MSCs) to mitigate the progression of knee OA in a small animal model of spontaneous OA, as well as to compare the therapeutic potential of MSCs in hyaluronic acid (HA) and in HA only with saline (OA) controls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Injections of AD-MSCs or AM-MSCs suspended in HA or HA only were performed in the rear stifle joints of 3-month-old Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (DHGPs). Repeat injections occurred at 2 and 4 months after the initial injection in each animal. Contralateral limbs received saline injections and served as untreated controls. Subsequently, joints were analyzed for osteoarthritic changes of the cartilage and subchondral bone via histologic and biochemical analyses. To evaluate MSC retention time in the joint space, DHGPs received a single intra-articular injection of fluorescently labeled AD-MSCs or AM-MSCs, and the fluorescence intensity was longitudinally tracked via an in vivo imaging system. Results: No statistically significant differences in outcomes were found when comparing the ability of AD-MSCs and AM-MSCs to mitigate OA. However, the injection of AD-MSCs, AM-MSCs, and HA-only treatments more effectively mitigated cartilage damage compared with that of saline controls by demonstrating higher amounts of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content and improved histological proteoglycan scoring while reducing the percentage of osteophytes present. Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of AD-MSCs, AM-MSCs, or HA only was able to similarly mitigate the progression of cartilage damage and reduce the percentage of osteophytes compared with that of saline controls in the DHGP. However, this study was unable to establish the superiority of AD-MSCs versus AM-MSCs as a treatment to mitigate spontaneous OA. Clinical Relevance: MSCs demonstrate the ability to mitigate the progression of knee OA and thus may be used in a prophylactic approach to delay the need for end-stage treatment strategies.
Rediscovering a valuable manual Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) technique: Outcomes of 42 "Peeling-off" DALK
Authors: Sarnicola Caterina , Sarnicola Vincenzo , Romani Andrea , Sarnicola Enrica 
Published: October 2022

Purpose Residual bed thickness in DALK should be less than 80μm to provide optimal visual outcomes. “Peeling-off” is a manual DALK technique, which separates the anterior stroma by pulling the deep stromal lamellae following the plane of their lowest adhesion, which is usually very deep. The purpose of this study is to measure the residual bed thickness achievable with this technique. Methods Retrospective case series of “Peeling-off” DALK cases performed between January 2014 and January 2021 with at least 1 year of follow-up. Indications for DALK, intraoperative and postoperative complications, residual recipient bed thickness at 1 day and at 1 month after surgery, and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 year of follow up were evaluated. Results 42 eyes (42 patients) underwent DALK performed with “Peeling-off” technique. Indications for surgery were keratoconus in 33 eyes and stromal scar in 9 eyes. “Peeling-off” technique was used as a rescue approach to perform a DALK after a failed Big-Bubble in all cases, and also failed Air-Visco-Bubble in some cases. No intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Residual recipient bed thickness was deep and regular, measuring 42 microns at 1 day postoperative (range 21–65 microns) and 23 microns (range 17–26 microns) at 1 month postoperative. Mean postoperative BCVA at 1 year of follow up was 0.18 logMAR ± 0.09. Conclusion “Peeling-off” DALK is a valuable manual technique that achieves a deep stromal plane with optimal visual outcomes.
Trans-radial spinal angiography: A single-center experience
Authors: Quinn Coridon , Masood Kamran , Mehta Tapan , Topiwala Karan , Grande Andrew , Tummala Ramachandra , Jagadeesan Bharathi D. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Spinal angiography (SpAn) is the gold standard for diagnosis of spinal dural fistulas and arteriovenous malformations. A complete spinal angiogram necessitates the interrogation of the segmental arteries arising from the aorta at every level as well, the internal iliac; and median sacral arteries at the caudal end; and the cervical vasculature at the cranial end. SpAn has traditionally been performed with transfemoral arterial access and could be challenging. Of late, transradial arterial access has emerged as a popular alternative for endovascular surgical Neuroradiology (ESN) procedures including SpAn. However, there is paucity of the literature regarding transradial access for spinal angiography. Methods After IRB approval, records and imaging were reviewed in a series of patients who underwent SpAn at our institution. Results A total of nine spinal angiograms were performed via transradial access in a consecutive series of eight patients between July 2019 and December 2020 at our institution. Eight of these were diagnostic SpAn's, and one patient underwent SpAn with transradial approach for the treatment of a type I spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. No complications occurred during or subsequent to the procedures. Conclusion SpAn can be successfully and safely accomplished via transradial access. This approach appears to provide a stable method for interventions, as well.
A pragmatic methodical framework for the user-centred development of an electronic process support for the sleep laboratory patients’ management
Authors: Zerlik Maria , Jung Ian-C. , Sehr Tony , Hennings Fabian , Kamann Christian , Brandt Moritz D. , Sedlmayr Martin , Sedlmayr Brita 
Published: October 2022

Objective Limited capacities and ineffective care pathways result in long waiting times for patients and sporadic treatment controls in sleep medicine. As one objective of the ‘Telesleep Medicine’ project, a portal should be developed, which supports sleep specialists in an efficient and resource-saving patient management. On account of the limited project timeframe, the ‘classical’ user-centred design and evaluation methods could not be comprehensively implemented. Therefore, a pragmatic methodical framework was developed. Methods For the iterative development of the portal, a combination of low-cost and quick-to-implement methods was used. In chronological order, these were: context interviews, personas, the development of an as-is model, a web search of design standards and good design aspects of similar systems, the development of a to-be model, the creation of an overarching mind map, and the iterative creation of mockups with simplified usability walkthroughs. Results The feasibility of the pragmatic methodological framework for the development of a prototype for the portal was demonstrated. The used method combination resulted in a prototype based on the needs and requirements of the sleep specialists, taking into account their specific workflow and the technical implementation conditions. Conclusions The presented pragmatic methodological framework can be a valuable resource for developers of comparable projects. The combination of methods worked well together regarding the limited timeframe and resources for concept development. For the future, we plan to implement and test the portal in the clinical field and thus enrich our framework with additional methods.
Closing the Equity Gap: An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing for Adolescents and Young Adults in Primary Care
Authors: Tomcho Margaret M. , Lou Yingbo , O’Leary Sonja C. , Rinehart Deborah J. , Thomas-Gale Tara , Penny Lara , Frost Holly M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea are the most reported sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Testing rates remain suboptimal and may be subject to implicit bias. We evaluated the effectiveness of an opt-out chlamydia and gonorrhea testing program for adolescents and young adults in improving testing rates and promoting equity. Methods: An opt-out testing program that standardized testing to once annually for 14 to 24-year-old patients was implemented across 28 federally qualified health centers spanning 4 specialties. A quasi-experimental design using interrupted time series analyses evaluated testing and infection rates between baseline, intervention, and pandemic-associated test shortage periods. Reduction in testing inequities based on sex, race, ethnicity, insurance, and language preference were also examined. Results: A total of 57 452 encounters during the baseline, 17 320 during the intervention, and 26 993 during the test supply shortage periods were included. Testing increased from 66.8% to 81.0% (14.2% absolute increase) between baseline and intervention periods. Pediatric clinics demonstrated the largest improvement compared to other settings (absolute increase 30.9%). We found significant reductions in testing inequities for language preference ( P < .001), and un-insured and public insured individuals ( P < .001). More cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea were detected in the intervention period (chlamydia-29.7; gonorrhea-7.4 per 1000 patients) than in the baseline period (chlamydia-20.7; gonorrhea-4.4 per 1000 patients; P < .001). Conclusions: An opt-out approach increased testing, reduced inequities between some groups and detected more infections than a risk-based approach. Opt-out testing should be considered as an approach to increase detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea and promote equity.
Characterization of clays from the Fez area (northern Morocco) for potential uses in the ceramics industry
Authors: El Halim Mouhssin , Daoudi Lahcen , El Ouahabi Meriam , Fagel Nathalie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClays from the Saïss basin (northern Morocco) used traditionally in the ceramic industry in the Fez area were studied using mineralogical and physicochemical techniques to evaluate their potential suitability as raw materials for ceramics manufacture. X-ray diffraction was used to determine their mineralogical composition. The physical properties determined were particle-size distribution and consistency limits. The chemical composition was determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The structural changes of the mineral phases in the raw materials during firing were studied over a temperature range of 500–1000°C. In the pottery site from Fez, generally potters use a mixture of 25% fine clay (ARFS) from the upper part of the Miocene marls and 75% sandy clay (ARFR) from the lower part of the Miocene marls. The ARFS clay yielded very rigid specimens after firing that artisan potters would find difficult to handle so as to produce desired shapes and sizes. However, the specimens obtained from ARFR clay show signs of faltering. The mixture of these two clayey materials from this pottery site is therefore necessary to obtain the optimal paste for ceramics purposes. The chemical compositions indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3 are the major minerals, with trace amounts of K2O and MgO. Quartz, feldspars and clay minerals prevail in all samples. Kaolinite, illite and smectite are the dominant clay mineral phases, with traces of chlorite and interstratified illite–smectite. The classification of these samples using appropriate ternary diagrams showed that the proportions used in the mixture produce a new material with adequate characteristics for the production of traditional ceramics.