bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous side effects in cancer patients
Authors: Saadet Elif Demirci , Tek Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous side effects are commonly seen in cancer chemotherapy. As new chemotherapy drugs are developed, the frequency and the diversity of these cutaneous side effects increase. For this reason, identification and management of these side effects are an important part of the treatment of cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate mucocutaneous side effects of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents that are used in cancer patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 231 cancer patients, who received single or combination chemotherapy at the oncology department of our hospital between 2013 and 2020, were retrospectively reviewed, and mucocutaneous side effects we evaluated.ResultsThe ages of the patients varied between 27 and 90 years with a median age of 60 years. Of the patients, 136 (58.9%) were women, and 95 (41.1%) were men. Combination chemotherapy was applied to 174 patients (71.9%). A total of 558 mucocutaneous side effects were present in 231 patients. The most common side effect was alopecia, which was observed in 158 patients (65.6%). This was followed by mucositis (39.4%), hand–foot syndrome (35.3%), papulopustular rash (22%), dermatitis (18.3%), xerosis (14.1%), nail disorders (12%), and others.ConclusionsAlthough chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous side effects are not usually life‐threatening, they may lead to the development of morbidity and discontinuance or termination of the treatment. Therefore, these side effects should be well managed to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
Are all politicians the same? Reproduction and change of chief executive career patterns in democratic regimes
Authors: Vercesi Michelangelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe scholarship on political careers and recruitment has increasingly focused on the conditions that foster the emergence of new political elites. However, top politicians in democratic regimes often share socio‐economic backgrounds and occupy similar political positions before entering office. Career patterns in politics are relatively stable and tend to reproduce themselves over time; this leads to the persistence of core background traits among the members of the political elite. The lack of profile renewal seems at odds with the claim of democratic theory, which asserts that democratic competition is open, inclusive, and expansive. Despite its relevance, the causal mechanisms behind career patterns’ stability among political elites have received little systematic attention. This article contributes to fill the gap, by focusing on democratic chief executives. First, it clarifies the core concepts for the study of political elites and careers. Second, it proposes an understanding of the formation and stability of chief executives’ career patterns as functions of path‐dependent institutional effects. Third, the work uses this theory to investigate persistence and renewal of the background characteristics of all US presidents, from George Washington (1789) to Joe Biden (2021). The analysis contributes to the literature on elite stability, circulation, and renewal in democracy.
Genome‐wide scan for signatures of selection in the Brangus cattle genome
Authors: Álvarez Cecco Paulo , Rogberg Muñoz Andrés , Balbi Marianela , Bonamy Martín , Munilla Sebastián , Forneris Natalia Soledad , Peral García Pilar , Cantet Rodolfo Juan Carlos , Giovambattista Guillermo , Fernández María Elena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrangus is a composite cattle breed developed with the objective of combining the advantages of Angus and Zebuine breeds (Brahman, mainly) in tropical climates. The aim of this work was to estimate breed composition both genome‐wide and locally, at the chromosome level, and to uncover genomic regions evidencing positive selection in the Argentinean Brangus population/nucleus. To do so, we analysed marker data from 478 animals, including Brangus, Angus and Brahman. Average breed composition was 35.0% ± 9.6% of Brahman, lower than expected according to the theoretical fractions deduced by the usual cross‐breeding practice in this breed. Local ancestry analysis evidenced that breed composition varies between chromosomes, ranging from 19.6% for BTA26 to 56.1% for BTA5. Using approaches based on allelic frequencies and linkage disequilibrium, genomic regions with putative selection signatures were identified in several chromosomes (BTA1, BTA5, BTA6 and BTA14). These regions harbour genes involved in horn development, growth, lipid metabolism, reproduction and immune response. We argue that the overlapping of a chromosome segment originated in one of the parental breeds and over‐represented in the sample with the location of a signature of selection constitutes evidence of a selection process that has occurred in the breed since its take off in the 1950s. In this regard, our results could contribute to the understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved in cross‐bred cattle adaptation and productivity in tropical environments.
Dyadic profiles of family resilience among patients with first‐episode stroke: A longitudinal study of the first 6 months after stroke
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ye Ming‐Ming , Gao Ya‐Jing , Zhou Lan‐Shu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of family resilience in the recovery of stroke patients has been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, little is known about post‐stroke family resilience.AimsTo investigate the family resilience of stroke patients from a patient–caregiver dyadic perspective during the first 6 months after stroke.MethodsA total of 288 dyads of patients diagnosed with a first‐episode stroke and their principal caregivers were recruited from neurology departments of 7 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai and Shangqiu, China. Family resilience and family function were assessed during hospitalisation and at 1, 3 and 6 months after stroke. K‐means cluster analysis was used to identify different clusters of family resilience based on family resilience of patients and caregivers during hospitalisation. The STROBE guidelines for observational studies were followed.ResultsThree clusters of family resilience were identified with distinct trajectories: cluster of high resilience (HR), cluster of low resilience (LR) and cluster of discrepant resilience (DR). The level of family function was consistently highest in cluster HR and lowest in cluster with LR at four time points. Most (69.8%) families fell into the cluster with low resilience and low family function. Characteristics such as the Rankin scores and education level of patients, education level of caregivers, family monthly income and living district were different among the three clusters.ConclusionsWe concluded that family resilience was linked to the family functioning of patients with a first‐episode stroke, however, the levels of resilience in most families were low. Factors, including the education level, family income and stroke severity of patients were revealed to influence the family resilience and its development.Relevance to clinical practiceA resilience‐focused approach to family‐related treatment is beneficial for families. Therefore, understanding family resilience among stroke survivors is needed to inform the development of interventions for enhancing the recovery of stroke families.
Neonates at high risk of hypoglycaemia: Is admission necessary?
Authors: Dalrymple Hannah M , Lutz Tracey , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: July 2022

AimTo evaluate the practice of routine admission of infants at high risk of hypoglycaemia by determining the incidence of hypoglycaemia, factors that predict necessary admission and breastfeeding outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit for high risk of hypoglycaemia. Clinical data, including blood glucose concentrations, body fat percentage and time to initiation of feeding, were collected for 122 infant–maternal dyads for a 3‐year period from April 2016 to May 2019. Descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were undertaken.ResultsHypoglycaemia developed in 39.3% of the neonates identified as high risk. Overall, 69 out of 122 admissions were potentially avoidable. Initial blood glucose was the most significant predictive factor for necessary admission with odds ratio of 3.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–10.17) for an initial glucose of 1.6–2.0 and 27.05 (95% CI 5.06–144.42) for initial glucose ≤1.5. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge were lower in admitted infants (59%) compared to the overall hospital rate (75.6%).ConclusionsNeonates at high risk of hypoglycaemia should be monitored with their mothers as most infants needing admission are detected by initial blood glucose concentration. This would reduce infant–maternal separation and potentially improve breastfeeding rates.
Ameliorative impacts of sodium humate on heat‐stressed laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
Authors: El‐Ratel Ibrahim T. , El Basuini Mohammed F. M. , Khattab Ahmed A. A. , Mekawy Aml I. , Fouda Sara F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA total of 300 laying Japanese quails (230.10 ± 20 g body weight) divided into four groups (15 birds in 5 replicates/group) were used to examine the impacts of dietary sodium humate (SH) supplementation at levels of 0% (control diet), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% on egg variables and physiological merits of laying quails for 10 weeks under heat stress conditions (15 June and 23 August 2021). Results showed 0.4% SH increased (p < 0.05) weight (12.27 vs. 11.91 g), production (79.84% vs. 69.20%), mass (597.13 vs. 510.48 g) and brokenness (2.8% vs. 5.4%) of eggs as compared to control. Egg shape, shell thickness, shell strength and cholesterol content as well as feed conversion ratio were higher (80.2, 295.8 µm, 1.468 kg/cm,2 11.08 mg/g and 2.69, p < 0.05) in 0.4% SH than in control group (75.2, 279.0 µm, 1.304 kg/cm,2 14.94 mg/g and 2.76). Feed intake, percentages of eggs' shells, yolk, albumen and serum biochemistry (total protein, albumin, AST and HDL) were not altered with the dietary SH. Birds fed on SH diets showed higher levels of globulin, calcium and phosphorus, as well as lower contents of albumin/globulin ratio, triglycerides, cholesterol, corticosterone compared with the control. Regression analysis of antioxidants expected higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase at 0.35%, and glutathione at 0.40% SH, while the lowest concentration of malondialdehyde was computed at 0.45%. Similarly, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) maximum values were determined at 0.35% and 0.40% levels. Moreover, the concentration of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha increased (p < 0.05) in all SH levels as compared to the control group. It is conceivable to conclude that the dietary implementation of SH at a level of 0.4% improved egg variables and well‐being aspects of laying quail exposed to heat stress conditions.
CD36 and GPR120 mediated orogustatory perception of dietary lipids and its physiological implication in the pygmy mouse Mus booduga
Authors: Shanmugamprema Deepankumar , Muthuswamy Karthi , Ponnusamy Vinithra , Subramanian Gowtham , Velusamy Thirunavukkarasu , Krishnan Vasanth , Subramaniam Selvakumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFat taste perception has long been concerned in the regulation of dietary fat intake. Substantial experimental evidence defends fat as a sixth taste modality, but its allied peripheral mechanisms are not yet well established. The present study aimed to analyse the diet‐induced changes in fat taste perception and its associated physiological variations in Mus booduga. Four groups of animals were used for the present study and were fed any one of the following diet; normal diet (10% fat), low‐fat diet (4% fat), high‐fat diet (36% fat), or high‐fat diet (HFD) (36% fat) + rapeseed oil (HFRDO) (14%) for 9 weeks. The animals were then subjected to metabolic tolerance, fat preference, and conditioned taste aversion studies. Diet‐induced alterations in the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, inflammation, and fat taste (CD36 and GPR120) were analysed. Capacitative calcium signalling induced by both linoleic acid and grifolic acid in taste bud cells (TBCs) was also analysed. In result, both the HFD and HFDRO groups revealed deterioration in glucose homoeostasis and displayed decreased preference scores for fatty acids, which are associated with lower CD36 expression and increased GPR120 expression in TBCs. Furthermore, change in [Ca2+]i induced by LA was also compromised in CD36 positive TBCs along with elevated systemic inflammatory and lipidemic responses in both these obese groups. Overall, for the first time, our results support that chronic HFD feeding alters the CD36 and GPR120 mediated fat taste perception in M. booduga.
Contraceptive care service provision via telehealth early in the COVID‐19 pandemic at rural and urban federally qualified health centers in 2 southeastern states
Authors: Beatty Kate , Smith Michael G. , Khoury Amal J. , Ventura Liane M. , Ariyo Oluwatosin , de Jong Jordan , Surles Kristen , Slawson Deborah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate telehealth use for contraceptive service provision among rural and urban federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Alabama (AL) and South Carolina (SC) during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a mixed‐methods study using data from the FQHC Contraceptive Care Survey and key informant interviews with FQHC staff in AL and SC conducted in 2020. Differences between rural and urban clinics in telehealth use for contraceptive service provision were assessed with a chi‐square test of independence. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify facilitators and barriers to telehealth.FindingsTelehealth for contraceptive care increased during the early months of the pandemic relative to prepandemic. Fewer rural clinics than urban clinics provided telehealth for contraceptive counseling (16.3% vs 50.6%) (P= .0002), emergency contraception (0.0% vs 16.1%) (P= .004), and sexually transmitted infection care (16.3% vs 34.6%) (P= .031). Key facilitators of telehealth were reimbursement policy, electronic infrastructure and technology, and funding for technology. Barriers included challenges with funding for telehealth, limited electronic infrastructure, and reduced staffing capacity.ConclusionsDifferences in telehealth service provision for contraceptive care between rural and urban FQHCs highlight the need for supportive strategies to increase access to care for low‐income rural populations, particularly in AL and SC. It is essential for public and private entities to support the implementation and continuation of telehealth among rural clinics, particularly, investing in widespread and clinic‐level electronic infrastructure and technology for telehealth, such as broadband and electronic health record systems compatible with telehealth technology.
Phylogeography and population genetics of a widespread cold‐adapted ant, Prenolepis imparis
Authors: Tonione Maria Adelena , Bi Ke , Dunn Robert R. , Lucky Andrea , Portik Daniel M. , Tsutsui Neil Durie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs species arise, evolve and diverge, they are shaped by forces that unfold across short and long timescales and at both local and vast geographical scales. It is rare, however, to be able document this history across broad sweeps of time and space in a single species. Here, we report the results of a continental‐scale phylogenomic analysis across the entire range of a widespread species. We analysed sequences of 1402 orthologous ultraconserved element (UCE) loci from 75 individuals to identify population genetic structure and historical demographic patterns across the continent‐wide range of a cold‐adapted ant, the winter ant, Prenolepis imparis. We recovered five well‐supported, genetically isolated clades representing lineages that diverged from 8.2–2.2 million years ago. These include: (i) an early diverging lineage located in Florida, (ii) a lineage that spans the southern United States, (iii) populations that extend across the midwestern and northeastern United States, (iv) populations from the western United States and (v) populations in southwestern Arizona and Mexico. Population genetic analyses revealed little or no gene flow among these lineages, but patterns consistent with more recent gene flow among populations within lineages, and localized structure with migration in the western United States. High support for five major geographical lineages and lack of evidence of contemporary gene flow indicate in situ diversification across the species' range, producing relatively ancient lineages that persisted through subsequent climate change and glaciation during the Quaternary.
On General and Non‐General Abilities
Authors: Kittle Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI distinguish two ways an ability might be general: (i) an ability might be general in that its possession doesn't entail the possession of an opportunity; (ii) an ability might be general in virtue of pertaining to a wide range of circumstances. I argue that these two types of generality – I refer to them with the terms ‘general’ and ‘generic’, respectively – produce two orthogonal distinctions among abilities. I show that the two types of generality are sometimes run together by those writing on free will and argue that both types of generality are relevant to understanding the modality of abilities.
Beneficial and pathogenic plant‐microbe interactions during flooding stress
Authors: Martínez‐Arias Clara , Witzell Johanna , Solla Alejandro , Martin Juan Antonio , Rodríguez‐Calcerrada Jesús 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe number and intensity of flood events will likely increase in the future, raising the risk of flooding stress in terrestrial plants. Understanding flood effects on plant physiology and plant‐associated microbes is key to alleviate flooding stress in sensitive species and ecosystems. Reduced oxygen supply is the main constrain to the plant and its associated microbiome. Hypoxic conditions hamper root aerobic respiration and, consequently, hydraulic conductance, nutrient uptake, and plant growth and development. Hypoxia favours the presence of anaerobic microbes in the rhizosphere and roots with potential negative effects to the plant due to their pathogenic behaviour or their soil denitrification ability. Moreover, plant physiological and metabolic changes induced by flooding stress may also cause dysbiotic changes in endosphere and rhizosphere microbial composition. The negative effects of flooding stress on the holobiont (i.e., the host plant and its associated microbiome) can be mitigated once the plant displays adaptive responses to increase oxygen uptake. Stress relief could also arise from the positive effect of certain beneficial microbes, such as mycorrhiza or dark septate endophytes. More research is needed to explore the spiralling, feedback flood responses of plant and microbes if we want to promote plant flood tolerance from a holobiont perspective.
Potassium availability influences the mesophyll structure to coordinate the conductance of CO2 and H2O during leaf expansion
Authors: Hu Wenshi , Lu Zhifeng , Gu Hehe , Ye Xiaolei , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Ren Tao , Lu Jianwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeaf growth relies on photosynthesis and hydraulics to provide carbohydrates and expansion power; in turn, leaves intercept light and construct organism systems for functioning. Under potassium (K) deficiency stress, leaf area, photosynthesis and hydraulics are all affected by alterations in leaf structure. However, the connection between changes in leaf growth and function caused by the structure under K regulation is unclear. Consequently, the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and photosynthetic rate (A) combined with leaf anatomical characteristics of Brassica napus were continuously observed during leaf growth under different K supply levels. The results showed that Kleaf and A decreased simultaneously after leaf area with the increasing K deficiency stress. K deficiency significantly increased longitudinal mesophyll cell investment, leading to a reduced volume fraction of intercellular air‐space (fias) and decreased leaf expansion rate. Furthermore, reduced fias decreased mesophyll and chloroplast surfaces exposed to intercellular airspace and gas phase H2O transport, which induced coordinated changes in CO2 mesophyll conductance and hydraulic conductance in extra‐xylem pathways. Adequate K supply facilitated higher fias through smaller palisade tissue cell density (loose mesophyll cell arrangement) and smaller spongy tissue cell size, which coordinated CO2 and H2O conductance and promoted leaf area expansion.
Biomechanical Engineering Analysis of Pulmonary Valve Leaflet Hemodynamics and Kinematics in the Ross Procedure
Authors: Zhu Yuanjia , Wilkerson Robert J. , Pandya Pearly K. , Mullis Danielle M. , Wu Catherine A. , Madira Sarah , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Park Matthew H. , Imbrie-Moore Annabel M. , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Ross procedure using the inclusion technique with anticommissural plication (ACP) is associated with excellent valve hemodynamics and favorable leaflet kinematics. The objective was to evaluate individual pulmonary cusp's biomechanics and fluttering by including coronary flow in the Ross procedure using an ex vivo three-dimensional-printed heart simulator. Ten porcine and five human pulmonary autografts were harvested from a meat abattoir and heart transplant patients. Five porcine autografts without reinforcement served as controls. The other autografts were prepared using the inclusion technique with and without ACP (ACP and NACP). Hemodynamic and high-speed videography data were measured using the ex vivo heart simulator. Although porcine autografts showed similar leaflet rapid opening and closing mean velocities, human ACP compared to NACP autografts demonstrated lower leaflet rapid opening mean velocity in the right (p = 0.02) and left coronary cusps (p = 0.003). The porcine and human autograft leaflet rapid opening and closing mean velocities were similar in all three cusps. Porcine autografts showed similar leaflet flutter frequencies in the left (p = 0.3) and noncoronary cusps (p = 0.4), but porcine NACP autografts versus controls demonstrated higher leaflet flutter frequency in the right coronary cusp (p = 0.05). The human NACP versus ACP autografts showed higher flutter frequency in the noncoronary cusp (p = 0.02). The leaflet flutter amplitudes were similar in all three cusps in both porcine and human autografts. The ACP compared to NACP autografts in the Ross procedure was associated with more favorable leaflet kinematics. These results may translate to the improved long-term durability of the pulmonary autografts.