bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GFET Nitrile Sensor Using a Graphene‐Binding Fusion Protein
Authors: Mohamed Abubaker A. , Noguchi Hironaga , Tsukiiwa Mirano , Chen Chen , Heath Rachel S. , Mubarak M. Qadri E. , Komikawa Takumi , Tanaka Masayoshi , Okochi Mina , de Visser Sam P. , Hayamizu Yuhei , Blanford Christopher F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new route to single‐step and non‐covalent immobilization of proteins on graphene is exemplified with the first biosensor for nitriles based on a graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET). The biological recognition element is a fusion protein consisting of nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli with an N‐terminal self‐assembling and graphene‐binding dodecapeptide. Atomic force microscopy and analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance show that both the oligopeptide and the fusion protein incorporating it form a single adlayer of monomeric enzyme on graphene. The fusion protein has a 6.3‐fold increase in binding affinity for benzyl cyanide (BnCN) versus wild‐type QueF and a 1.4‐fold increase for affinity for the enzyme's natural substrate preQ0. Density functional theory analysis of QueF's catalytic cycle with BnCN shows similar transition‐state barriers to preQ0, but differences in the formation of the initial thioimidate covalent bonding (∆G‡ = 19.0 kcal mol−1 for preQ0 vs 27.7 kcal mol−1 for BnCN) and final disassociation step (∆G = −24.3 kcal mol−1 for preQ0 vs ∆G = +4.6 kcal mol−1 for BnCN). Not only do these results offer a single‐step route to GFET modification, but they also present new opportunities in the biocatalytic synthesis of primary amines from nitriles.
Electrical Properties of the Base‐Substrate Junction in Freestanding Core‐Shell Nanowires
Authors: Koch Juliane , Liborius Lisa , Kleinschmidt Peter , Weimann Nils , Prost Werner , Hannappel Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWell‐defined hetero‐interfaces with controlled properties are crucial for any high‐performance, semiconductor‐based, (opto‐)electronic device. They are particularly important for device structures on the nanoscale with increased interfacial areas. Utilizing a ultrahigh‐vacuum based multi‐tip scanning tunneling microscope, this work reveals inadvertent conductivity channels between the nanowire (NW) base and the substrate, when measuring individual vertical core‐shell III‐V‐semiconductor NWs. For that, four‐terminal probing is applied on freestanding, epitaxially grown coaxial p‐GaAs/i‐GaInP/n‐GaInP NWs without the need of nanoscale lithography or deposition of electrical contacts. This advanced analysis, carried out after composition‐selective wet chemical etching, reveals a substantially degraded electrical performance of the freestanding NWs compared to detached ones. In an electron beam induced current mode of the nanosensor, charge separation at the substrate‐to‐NW base junction is demonstrated. An energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic linescan shows an unintended compositional change of the epitaxially grown NW toward the planar layers caused by different incorporation mechanisms of Ga and In at the NW base. This approach provides direct insight into the NW‐substrate transition area and leads to a model of the conductivity channels at the NW base, which should, in principle, be considered in the fabrication of all NW heterostructures grown bottom‐up on heterogeneous substrate materials.
An Ultrathin Transparent Radiative Cooling Photonic Structure with a High NIR Reflection
Authors: Dang Saichao , Wang Xiaojia , Ye Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith a high NIR reflection, a transparent radiative cooling photonic structure consisting of 2D silica gratings atop ZnO/Ag/ZnO is conceived and demonstrated. With 77% visible light transmitted, 57% NIR solar radiation reflected and 91% thermal infrared radiation emitted, a synthetical cooling is realized by this photonic structure. The theoretical total cooling power of this structure is more than double that of a planar silica and is 63.3% higher than that of a typical NIR reflecting filter, that is, ZnO/Ag/ZnO film. The field test facing the sunlight shows that the air temperature inside a chamber sealed with this structure is 12.5 and 2.5 °C lower than that sealed with planar silica and ZnO/Ag/ZnO, respectively. This work shows that the concept of daytime radiative cooling can be applied in combination with the utilization of visible light and the proposed ultrathin photonic structure shows potentials for passive radiative cooling of transparent applications.
Thickness‐Dependent High‐Temperature Piezo‐ and Ferro‐Electricity in a Fluorenone‐Based Molecular Crystal
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Nikitin Timur , Lopes Susy , Duan Yulong , Xu Jialiang , Fausto Rui , Paixão José António , Vilarinho Paula Maria , Rasing Theo , Semin Sergey 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic polar crystalline materials, featuring the merits of lightweight, flexibility, and low fabrication costs, are emerging as promising alternatives for inorganic ferroelectrics, but so far, they are not competitive. The main reasons are the moderate polar properties of such materials and the fact that the temperature of the phase transition from polar to nonpolar states (Curie point) is typically located near room temperature. The organic molecular crystal of the fluorenone derivative 2,7‐diphenyl‐9H‐fluorene‐9‐one (DPFO) is demonstrated to feature robust high‐temperature piezo‐ and ferro‐electric properties, with a relatively high local piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ≈120 pm V−1. The origin of the strong piezoelectricity is attributed to the presence of intrinsic domain structures in the DPFO microfiber crystals, originating from intramolecular co‐operation between the central fluorenone backbone and the external phenyl rings that are found stable up to 423 K. Moreover, this intramolecular co‐operation and the corresponding polar properties are found to depend on the thickness of the DPFO microfiber, resulting in a change from ferroelectric (<0.5 µm) to piezoelectric (≥0.5 µm) behavior. Considering the low cost and flexible production of such fluorenone‐based organic lead‐free ferroelectrics, this is a very promising strategy toward technological applications in electromechanical actuators, sensors, energy harvesters, and non‐volatile memory cells.
Double‐Carbon‐Layer Coated Na4MnV(PO4)3 Towards High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Ma Hongyang , Bai Jin , Wang Peiyao , Li Wanyun , Mao Yunjie , Xiao Ke , Zhu Xuebin , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs an improved structure of NASICON‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode for sodium‐ion batteries, Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) has series advantages of low cost and weak biological toxicity through partial elemental substitution of manganese for vanadium. However, the low electronic conductivity and poor cycle stability of NMVP need to be solved for the purpose of practical application. Herein, the electronic conductivity and structural stability of NMVP material are enhanced through a double‐carbon‐layer coating strategy by a simple sol‐gel synthesis method. The coated double‐carbon layer can construct a conductive network and reduce the electrolytic corrosion for NMVP active material. Attributed to the robust structure and fast electrochemical kinetics, the decorated NMVP electrode exhibited an excellent sodium storage ability. It delivered a high capacity of 99.8 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a cumulative efficiency of 72.3% over 500 cycles, and the specific capacity can reach 81.3 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 C. The high cumulative efficiency of the half‐cell gives the NMVP full‐cell superior performance, which delivered a high capacity of 93.8 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 86.1% over 100 cycles at 1 C when assembled with a hard carbon anode.
Phase Control of Cobalt Selenide: Unraveling the Relationship Between Phase Property and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Yang Yihan , Hu Lang , Zhou Ganghua , Xia Yu , Hu Qingsong , Yin Weiqin , Zhu Xingwang , Yi Jianjian , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of phase engineering still confronts challenges including controlled synthesis of desired phase structures and unraveling of inner mechanism for phase‐dependent applications. Herein, taking CoSe2 as a prototype, a facile wet‐chemical method is developed to synthesize metastable orthorhombic phase CoSe2 (o‐CoSe2). In the meantime, stable cubic phase CoSe2 (c‐CoSe2) can be prepared by phase transition from o‐CoSe2 using a general annealing approach. It is demonstrated that CoSe2 exhibits distinct phase‐dependent hydrogen evolution performance in photo‐ and electrocatalysis. In electrocatalytic reaction, o‐CoSe2 shows an overpotential of 300 mV better than c‐CoSe2 (365 mV) at –10 mA cm‐2 in acid solution. Unlike electrocatalysis, as cocatalyst in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, c‐CoSe2/TiO2 exhibits a roughly 4.5‐folds higher hydrogen evolution rate (12.001 µmol h‐1) than o‐CoSe2/TiO2 (2.601 µmol h‐1). Combined with comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis, it has been proposed that appropriate hydrogen adsorption ability of o‐CoSe2 contributes to efficient electrocatalysis, whilst fast interfacial charge migration between TiO2 photo‐harvester and c‐CoSe2 cocatalyst is the dominating factor for photocatalysis. This article demonstrates the feasibility of improving catalytic activity of CoSe2 by phase engineering, and also, provides guidance into unmasking the relationship between phase structure and hydrogen evolution catalysis.
Wavelength and Stacking Order Dependent Exciton Dynamics in Bulk ReS2
Authors: Zhou Yongjian , Wang Yaguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExciton dynamics in ReS2 are rich and complicated due to its unique lattice and band structures. With femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy, the wavelength‐dependent exciton dynamics in bulk ReS2 are studied at room temperature, and the effects from polarization and stacking order are also considered. Signatures from both bright and dark excitons are observed, where the lifetime at bright exciton levels is only several picoseconds, while it is about tens of picoseconds at dark exciton levels. The extremely long up‐/down‐going trend at selective wavelengths is attributed to the transition between different dark exciton levels. Two types of coherent dynamics are observed when the laser wavelength is scanned through different exciton levels: coherent optical stark effect and exciton‐exciton coherent interaction, both occurring within the laser pulse width. Exciton dynamics show a similar trend for the sample with AA stacking order, regardless of polarization. For AB stacking, dark excitons for Exciton II and III are missing when probe pulse polarization is perpendicular to b‐axis, which is attributed to the polarization and stacking‐order dependent band structure. Studying the rich exciton dynamics in bulk ReS2 at room temperature not only has scientific significance, but also facilitates the development of high‐performance excitonic devices.
Light‐Regulated Anti‐Ambipolar Transport with Multi‐Logic States in Metal‐WSe2‐Metal Transistor
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Gao Wei , Wen Peiting , Yu He , Huang Ying , Yue Qian , Wang Xiaozhou , Huo Nengjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the advent of big data, multi‐valued logic computing becomes an indispensable technology in the field of new micro‐electronic devices. As a new concept attracting more attention in recent years, anti‐ambipolar behavior shows its application potential in digital electronic and logic circuits. Here, the anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) based on metal–WSe2–metal configuration with dual contact barriers is fabricated. Under light illumination, the photocurrent as function of gate voltage exhibits anti‐ambipolar behavior with a distinct peak which can be varied with incident light power. The appearance of anti‐ambipolar transport is attributed to both contact barrier and photo‐excited carriers. The variation of the Fermi level in WSe2 regulated by gate voltage plays a key role in altering the dominant transport mechanism of the carrier type. This work proposes a new device concept that the photocarrier and barrier can induce an anti‐ambipolar characteristic, guiding the new direction for the multi‐valued logic/digital electronic applications.
Properties of Strange Quark Matter in the Context of Diquark Correlation
Authors: Bhattacharya Aparajita , Pal Shukla , Dhara Papiya , Bhattacharya Deb Sankar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProperties of strange quark matter (SQM) have been studied as diquark matter with diquark correlation. The dense SQM is under strong magnetic field due to electroweak interaction of quarks. Here it is suggested that u, d, s quarks get correlated to form diquark matter of different flavors. The diquarks are suggested to behave like quasiparticles under the influence of strong magnetic field inside the dense quark matter. In the current work diquarks are described as the composite fermions which behave like quasiparticle under the strong magneticfield in an analogy with the electrons behaving in strong magnetic field. The thermodynamic potential for SQM has been estimated and behavior is studied with respect to chemical potential. The equation of state and the velocity of sound through SQM are also studied. Some interesting observations are made. It is suggested that the composite fermion picture of diquark correlation lowers the binding energy of the system making the SQM a more stable state.
Oxidative Radical NHC Catalysis: Divergent Difunctionalization of Olefins through Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhu , Liu Yan‐Qing , Kou Xin‐Xin , Zou Wen‐Lin , Qi Ting , Xiang Peng , Xing Jin‐Dun , Zhang Xiang , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis, typically leading to the formation of acyl azolium reactive intermediates, constitutes one of the most important activation strategies for the NHC‐catalyzed chemical transformations. Here, we report an unprecedented oxidative radical NHC catalysis by using peroxyester as the external single‐electron oxidant to realize divergent difunctionalization of olefins. The key to success of this chemistry is the catalytic generation of oxygen radicals that could trigger an intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer to activate the inert C−H bonds, thereby enabling the productive radical relay process. With this protocol, commonly used general chemicals could serve as radical precursors to allow efficient synthesis of value‐added products in a straightforward and cost‐effective manner. Preliminary mechanistic investigations, including control experiments and DFT calculations, shed light on the NHC organocatalytic radical reaction mechanism.
Unraveling the Complex Chirality Evolution in DNA‐Assembled High‐Order, Hybrid Chiroplasmonic Superstructures from Multi‐Scale Chirality Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Yongqing , Li Huacheng , Yang Hao , Han Cong , Hu Huatian , Govorov Alexander O. , Yan Hao , Lan Xiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHierarchical, chiral hybrid superstructures of chromophores and nanoparticles are expected to give rise to intriguing unveiled chiroptical responses originating from the complex chiral interactions among the components. Herein, DNA origami cavity that could self‐assemble into one‐dimensional (1D) DNA tubes was employed as a scaffold to accurately organize metal nanoparticles and chromophores. The chiral interactions were studied at the level of individual hybrid particles and their 1D hybrid superstructures. Complex chirality mechanisms involving global structural chirality, plasmon‐induced circular dichroism (PICD) and exciton‐coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) were disentangled. The multiplexed CD spectrum superposition revealed the chirality evolution at different length scales. These results can offer a model for boosting the theoretical understanding of classical‐quantum hybrid systems, and would inspire the future design of optically‐active substances across length scales.
Infiltration of aluminum in 3D‐printed metallic inserts
Authors: Nunes Helder , Emadinia Omid , Costa José , Madureira Rui , Soares Rui , Silva José , Frada Inês , Anjos Vitor , Viana Filomena , Vieira Manuel , Reis Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAluminum structural composites through the infiltration process can be performed by vacuum, centrifugal, or squeeze casting, involving the infiltration of molten Al into fibers, particles, foams, or even porous preforms. This methodology creates hybrid structures of two distinct metal alloys that can be used to locally strengthen components or even to improve the properties of bulk materials, such as ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity. New approaches involve the infiltration of liquid Al into a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed structure of the more rigid metal, such as steel, that the Al matrix. In the current study, stainless steel and copper inserts were produced by fused filament fabrication techniques with various geometries. Moreover, some 3D inserts were electrochemically coated with pure copper to enhance the wettability of the steel insert by Al. Then, the infiltration of these inserts was evaluated by gravity casting, centrifugal casting, and low‐pressure sand casting (LPSC). Evaluations involved microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and SEM for interface analysis. It is revealed that centrifugal casting is highly reliable to infiltrate the inserts with Al, filling detailed cavities in depth. The copper coating aided in the creation of intimate interfaces. The infiltration at the insert's surfaces, curved‐like topography, is obtained through LPSC though it is affected by the direction in respect of material flow.
Establishment and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for the determination of anlotinib in human plasma: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Yu Mingjie , Liang Zaiming , Xiong Lirong , Liu Fang , Cheng Lin , Jia Changsheng , Qi Xiaowei , Sun Fengjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnlotinib is a novel small molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of several cancers. We developed and validated a highly sensitive, rapid and stable high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometrymethod for the determination of anlotinib in human plasma with anlotinib‐d5 as a stable isotopically labeled internal standard (SIL‐IS). To explore the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of tumors with anlotinib, human plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation. The mobile phases comprised of (A) 5.0 mm NH4AC aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and (B) 100% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid. A gradient mobile phase system was adopted for chromatographic separation using a BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column. A positive ion pattern was chosen for quantification under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ion pairs were detected at m/z 408.2 → 339.1 and m/z 413.4 → 344.3 for anlotinib and anlotinib‐d5 (SIL‐IS), respectively. The total run time was 5.0 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear within a plasma concentration range of 2–400 ng·ml−1. The precision and accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability were all validated and met the requirements of international guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied to support therapeutic drug monitoring in breast and thyroid cancer patients receiving anlotinib for therapy. Clinical data showed that in the 12 mg dose group, the mean plasma concentrations of anlotinib in breast cancer patients and thyroid cancer patients were 87.1 and 118.8 ng·ml−1, respectively. The data demonstrate that the peak concentration of anlotinib may be related to the different tumor types in patients.
Perceptions of stalking in Mainland China: Behaviors, motives, and effective coping strategies
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is limited information available on the phenomenon of stalking in the Asian context, especially in mainland China. This study investigated individuals' perceptions of stalking behavior, the motives of stalkers, and the effective strategies for coping with stalking victimization in a sample of 985 young adults (aged 18–33 years) from Liaoning province in mainland China. The influence of specific demographic (i.e., age, sex, religiosity, and education) and psychosocial (i.e., social bonds and self‐control) characteristics on individuals' perceptions of effective coping strategies for stalking victimization were also examined. In general, men and women held significantly different perceptions of stalking behavior, stalkers' motives, and strategies that were considered effective for coping with stalking. Multivariate analyses indicated that a low educational level was significantly associated with the perception that avoidant tactics constituted an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Moreover, individuals with lower educational levels and stronger social bonds tended to perceive proactive and aggressive tactics to constitute an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Finally, individuals with lower self‐control tended to endorse compliance tactics when coping with stalking victimization. In view of the devastating nature and consequences of stalking, the findings of this study highlight the need for anti‐stalking legislation in mainland China.
Treatment outcomes of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in real‐life practice: Chemotherapy versus multikinase inhibitors
Authors: Oranratnachai Songporn , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Sirachainan Ekaphop , Tansawet Amarit , Raunroadroong Nilubol , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultikinase inhibitors (MKIs) represent the main treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, accessibility in developing countries is limited. A chemotherapy, Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), offers a less expensive treatment. Therefore, this study sought to compare the clinical effectiveness of FOLFOX with Sorafenib as a first‐line treatment for aHCC in real‐life practice.MethodsA retrospective aHCC cohort from four Thai hospitals was investigated for patients who received FOLFOX or Sorafenib between 2013–2019. Multiple imputation by chained equations addressed missing covariate data in a treatment effect model using Weight‐adjusted‐censoring inverse‐probability‐weighted regression adjustment; overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were estimated.ResultsA total of 504 patients were included, (Sorafenib [n = 382] and FOLFOX [n = 122]). The treatment effect model estimated a median OS for Sorafenib and FOLFOX of 11.38 and 8.22 months, representing a significantly shorter OS (95% confidence interval) of −3.16 (−6.21, −0.11) months for FOLFOX, p = 0.042. A significant shorter median PFS of FOLFOX to Sorafenib of −2.13 (−3.03, −1.24) months, p < 0.001, was reported.ConclusionDespite significantly shorter median OS and PFS than Sorafenib, FOLFOX still extended OS by 8.22 months. This evidence may offer clinical utility to physicians considering treatment options for aHCC in low resource settings.