bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological full groups of minimal subshifts and quantifying local embeddings into finite groups
Authors: BRADFORD HENRY , DONA DANIELE 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate quantitative aspects of the locally embeddable into finite groups (LEF) property for subgroups of the topological full group of a two-sided minimal subshift over a finite alphabet, measured via the LEF growth function. We show that the LEF growth of may be bounded from above and below in terms of the recurrence function and the complexity function of the subshift, respectively. As an application, we construct groups of previously unseen LEF growth types, and exhibit a continuum of finitely generated LEF groups which may be distinguished from one another by their LEF growth.
Zero entropy and stable rotation sets for monotone recurrence relations
Authors: QIN WEN-XIN , SHEN BAI-NIAN , SUN YI-LIN , ZHOU TONG 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show that each element in the convex hull of the rotation set of a compact invariant chain transitive set is realized by a Birkhoff solution, which is an improvement of the fundamental lemma of T. Zhou and W.-X. Qin [Pseudo solutions, rotation sets, and shadowing rotations for monotone recurrence relations. Math. Z.297 (2021), 1673–1692] in the study of rotation sets for monotone recurrence relations. We then investigate the properties of rotation sets assuming the system has zero topological entropy. The rotation set for a Birkhoff recurrence class is a singleton and the forward and backward rotation numbers are identical for each solution in the same Birkhoff recurrence class. We also show the continuity of rotation numbers on the set of non-wandering points. If the rotation set is upper-stable, then we show that each boundary point is a rational number, and we also obtain a result of bounded deviation.
How can we prepare music students for early career challenges?
Authors: Latukefu Lotte , Pollard Jessica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarning a living via multiple income streams through a portfolio career is the reality for most music graduates. In the last 10–15 years, music conservatoires around the world have begun to recognise and respond to this reality in the way they train and prepare students for life after study (Bennet, 2008; Draper & Cunio, 2014; Rowley et al., 2015; Schippers et al., 2016). Conservatoire curricula is prescribed and controlled to ensure that students gain the skills required to build a career as a professional musician. Reforming conservatoire curricula to incorporate portfolio career training is an ongoing concern that is made more complex by the different conceptual understandings of what training for a portfolio career means (Latukefu & Ginsborg, 2018). This article contributes to the literature on how students conceptualise and make decisions surrounding their transition into work after graduation. It uses narrative analysis research to investigate the value of introducing career design into the curriculum of a Bachelor of Music. It incorporates narratives by students who took part in a series of interventions designed to increase self-efficacy and explores the role of career indecision in the designing of a creative career. Career indecision in this context relates to the inability of music students to conceive of what they wish for their creative career to look like after graduation, even when a decision is necessary. The narratives reveal how different factors such as family support, cultural and religious backgrounds and prior music education impact on their confidence and perceptions surrounding their ability to design and maintain a creative career. These narratives also uncovered the interplay of career exploration, career indecision and anxiety in the career decision-making process of undergraduate music students.
Allusion in the Composition of Contemporary Opera
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract In memoriamContemporary opera exhibits a wide range of motivations for and approaches to making musical allusions to the past, more so than in any other period in the genre's history. I find, contrary to common definitions of musical postmodernism, that allusions are typically meaningful and symbolic in recent postmodern operas. I briefly consider musical collage in operas that represent a proverbial ‘postmodern’ approach to the past, with operas by Cage and Corigliano serving as extreme cases. The core sections of the article are devoted to three of the most prominent contemporary composers whose operas illustrate the range of forms and motives musical allusion has taken over the past few decades: John Adams's Nixon in China (1987), Louis Andriessen's ‘film opera’ La Commedia (2008) and The Exterminating Angel (2016) by Thomas Adès. By detailing musical allusion in these works, I offer evidence in support of a revisionary understanding of these operas and the aesthetic stances of these composers, who each engaged extensively in musical allusion to varying degrees. I conclude with rather unexpected examples of operatic allusion by composers (Glass, Nova, Mazzoli) who typically do not reference the past in their works. For numerous recent composers, opera appears to function as a particularly powerful magnetic attraction to the past, pulling into its orbit the most unlikely figures and warping their proclaimed aesthetic profiles. For opera audiences, allusion is experienced differentially and shapes popular perceptions of the genre as a whole.
Novel Negative Pressure Procedural Tent Reduces Aerosolized Particles in a Simulated Prehospital Setting
Authors: Hunt Nathaniel , Masiewicz Spencer , Herbert Logan , Bassin Benjamin , Brent Christine , Haas Nathan L. , Tiba Mohamad Hakam , Lillemoen Jon , Lowell Mark J. , Lott Isabel , Basinger Matthew , Smith Graham , Ward Kevin R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/Objective:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the ability of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers to maintain personal safety during the treatment and transport of patients potentially infected. Increased rates of COVID-19 infection in EMS providers after patient care exposure, and notably after performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), have been reported. With an already strained workforce seeing rising call volumes and increased risk for AGP-requiring patient presentations, development of novel devices for the protection of EMS providers is of great importance.Based on the concept of a negative pressure room, the AerosolVE BioDome is designed to encapsulate the patient and contain aerosolized infectious particles produced during AGPs, making the cabin of an EMS vehicle safer for providers. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the tent in mitigating simulated infectious particle spread in varied EMS transport platforms during AGP utilization.Methods:Fifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled and distributed amongst three EMS vehicles: a ground ambulance, an aeromedical-configured helicopter, and an aeromedical-configured jet. Sodium chloride particles were used to simulate infectious particles and particle counts were obtained in numerous locations close to the tent and around the patient compartment. Counts near the tent were compared to ambient air with and without use of AGPs (non-rebreather mask, continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] mask, and high-flow nasal cannula [HFNC]).Results:For all transport platforms, with the tent fan off, the particle generator alone, and with all AGPs produced particle counts inside the tent significantly higher than ambient particle counts (P <.0001). With the tent fan powered on, particle counts near the tent, where EMS providers are expected to be located, showed no significant elevation compared to baseline ambient particle counts during the use of the particle generator alone or with use of any of the AGPs across all transport platforms.Conclusion:Development of devices to improve safety for EMS providers to allow for use of all available therapies to treat patients while reducing risk of communicable respiratory disease transmission is of paramount importance. The AerosolVE BioDome demonstrated efficacy in creating a negative pressure environment and workspace around the patient and provided significant filtration of simulated respiratory droplets, thus making the confined space of transport vehicles potentially safer for EMS personnel.
Im Zentrum des Corona-Wahnsinns
Authors: Himmel Claudia , Blöcker Johanna 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Zu Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie war weltweit kein Wissen über das Corona-Virus und seine Verbreitungswege bekannt, was überall zu großer Verunsicherung führte. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Über 2000 Pflegefachpersonen, davon 658 psychiatrisch Pflegende, nahmen an der deutschlandweit ersten Online-Befragung zum Erleben der beruflichen Situation während des ersten Lockdowns teil. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die professionelle Behandlung von Patient_innen sowie das Stationsmanagement auf einer psychiatrischen Station während der Corona-Pandemie stellt(e) für die Pflegefachpersonen eine sehr belastende Ausnahmesituation dar.
H+ Pitch Angle Distributions in the Outer Magnetosphere Observed by MMS HPCA
Authors: Kim M. J. , Goldstein J. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyze 3 years of 1 eV–40 keV H+ pitch angle distributions (PADs) near the magnetic equatorial plane, observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA). Our analysis includes an energy correction to shift ion energy upward by an amount equal to the spacecraft potential. We find asymmetric distributions for cold (<10 eV) and warm (10–100 eV) H+ ions coming preferentially from the northern hemisphere (NH) over those from the southern hemisphere (SH). Specifically, the average phase space density (PSD) in the antiparallel direction (pitch angle above 135°) is about 1.7 times higher than in the parallel direction (below 45°) for H+ with energy <100 eV on the dawn side (MLT: 3–9 hr) for all L shells. To understand the cause of this NH‐SH asymmetry, we sort the distributions by Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction and dipole tilt angle. Sorting by IMF direction shows that PSDs in the antiparallel direction are higher than in the parallel direction when IMF By is dawnward (By < 0). The outflow of cold H+ from the NH is higher when the dipole tilt angle is positive (μ > 10°). In contrast, when the dipole tilt is negative (μ < −10°), the outflow of cold H+ from the SH is not significantly higher and PADs can have either symmetric or asymmetric favoring from NH. These results suggest there may be general interhemispheric asymmetry of ion outflow that favors the NH.
On the Challenges of Measuring Energetic Particles in the Inner Belt: A Geant4 Simulation of an Energetic Particle Detector Instrument, REPTile‐2
Authors: Khoo L.‐Y. , Li X. , Selesnick R. S. , Schiller Q. , Zhang K. , Zhao H. , Hogan B. , Cantilina J. T. , Sims A. , Bauch E. , Valade T. , Boyajian S. , Kohnert R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFollowing the retirement of the community supported Van Allen Probes mission, the quest for high‐quality energetic particle measurements in the radiation belts is likely to be taken on by smaller spacecraft like CubeSats in the foreseeable future. Here we introduce the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope integrated little experiment‐2 (REPTile‐2), a miniaturized (∼1.5 U) solid‐state charged particle telescope that aims to undertake this challenging task. It incorporates detailed pulse‐height analysis to enable 60 electron channels and 60 proton channels and includes anticoincidence detectors to minimize unwanted background contamination. This paper presents a description of the REPTile‐2 design and emphasizes the importance of extensive Geant4‐based analysis to inform the design of a new energetic particle detector and characterize the instrument response. Our analysis shows that REPTile‐2 can measure ∼0.3–∼4 MeV electrons and ∼6.7–35 MeV protons with energy resolution (∆E/E) of 7%–38% for electrons and 1.5%–5% for protons. Results from a Sr‐90/Y‐90 radioactive source test have verified the instrument performance and the validity of the Geant4 simulations. These energetic particle measurements will enable a new scientific understanding of the inner radiation belt, where unwanted contamination from the unforgiving penetration of highly energetic protons (tens of MeV to GeV) is common, and provide detailed quantification of the inner belt electrons and protons in the low‐Earth orbit that is crucial for space weather modeling.
Coupling of Tree Growth and Photosynthetic Carbon Uptake Across Six North American Forests
Authors: Teets Aaron , Moore David J. P. , Alexander M. Ross , Blanken Peter D. , Bohrer Gil , Burns Sean P. , Carbone Mariah S. , Ducey Mark J. , Fraver Shawn , Gough Christopher M. , Hollinger David Y. , Koch George , Kolb Thomas , Munger J. William , Novick Kimberly A. , Ollinger Scott V. , Ouimette Andrew P. , Pederson Neil , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Seyednasrollah Bijan , Vogel Christoph S. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLinking biometric measurements of stand‐level biomass growth to tower‐based measurements of carbon uptake—gross primary productivity and net ecosystem productivity—has been the focus of numerous ecosystem‐level studies aimed to better understand the factors regulating carbon allocation to slow‐turnover wood biomass pools. However, few of these studies have investigated the importance of previous year uptake to growth. We tested the relationship between wood biomass increment (WBI) and different temporal periods of carbon uptake from the current and previous years to investigate the potential lagged allocation of fixed carbon to growth among six mature, temperate forests. We found WBI was strongly correlated to carbon uptake across space (i.e., long‐term averages at the different sites) but on annual timescales, WBI was much less related to carbon uptake, suggesting a temporal mismatch between C fixation and allocation to biomass. We detected lags in allocation of the previous year's carbon uptake to WBI at three of the six sites. Sites with higher annual WBI had overall stronger correlations to carbon uptake, with the strongest correlations to carbon uptake from the previous year. Only one site had WBI with strong positive relationships to current year uptake and not the previous year. Forests with low rates of WBI demonstrated weak correlations to carbon uptake from the previous year and stronger relationships to current year climate conditions. Our work shows an important, but not universal, role of lagged allocation of the previous year's carbon uptake to growth in temperate forests.
Process‐Level Assessment of the Iris Effect Over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Ito Masato , Masunaga Hirohiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe iris hypothesis suggests a cloud feedback mechanism that a reduction in the tropical anvil cloud fraction (CF) in a warmer climate may act to mitigate the warming by enhanced outgoing longwave radiation. Two different physical processes, one involving precipitation efficiency and the other focusing on upper‐tropospheric stability, have been argued in the literature to be responsible for the iris effect. In this study, A‐Train observations and reanalysis data are analyzed to assess these two processes. Major findings are as follows: (a) the anvil CF changes evidently with upper‐tropospheric stability as expected from the stability iris theory, (b) precipitation efficiency is unlikely to have control on the anvil CF but is related to mid‐ and low‐level CFs, and (c) the day and nighttime cloud radiative effects are expected to largely cancel out when integrated over a diurnal cycle, suggesting a neutral cloud feedback.
Neural network of bipolar disorder: Toward integration of neuroimaging and neurocircuit-based treatment strategies
Authors: Bi Bo , Che Dongfang , Bai Yuyin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by dysfunctions in three domains including emotional processing, cognitive processing, and psychomotor dimensions. However, the neural underpinnings underlying these clinical profiles are not well understood. Based on the reported data, we hypothesized that (i) the core neuropathology in BD is damage in fronto-limbic network, which is associated with emotional dysfunction; (ii) changes in intrinsic brain network, such as sensorimotor network, salience network, default-mode network, central executive network are associated with impaired cognition function; and (iii) beyond the dopaminergic-driven basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical motor circuit modulated by other neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin (subcortical–cortical modulation), the sensorimotor network and related motor function modulated by other non-motor networks such as the default-mode network are involved in psychomotor function. In this review, we propose a neurocircuit-based clinical characteristics and taxonomy to guide the treatment of BD. We draw on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in BD and link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions. We consider pharmacological, psychotherapy, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions in BD. Finally, it is suggested that the methods of testing the neurocircuit-based taxonomy and important limitations to this approach should be considered in future.
Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests
Authors: Hammond William M. , Williams A. Park , Abatzoglou John T. , Adams Henry D. , Klein Tamir , López Rosana , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Hartmann Henrik , Breshears David D. , Allen Craig D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarth’s forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite the vital importance of forests to global ecosystem services, their fates in a warming world remain highly uncertain. Lacking is quantitative determination of commonality in climate anomalies associated with pulses of tree mortality—from published, field-documented mortality events—required for understanding the role of extreme climate events in overall global tree die-off patterns. Here we established a geo-referenced global database documenting climate-induced mortality events spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies a global “hotter-drought fingerprint” from these tree-mortality sites—effectively a hotter and drier climate signal for tree mortality—across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots. Frequency of these observed mortality-year climate conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming. Our database also provides initial footing for further community-developed, quantitative, ground-based monitoring of global tree mortality.
Identification of host–pathogen-disease relationships using a scalable multiplex serology platform in UK Biobank
Authors: Mentzer Alexander J. , Brenner Nicole , Allen Naomi , Littlejohns Thomas J. , Chong Amanda Y. , Cortes Adrian , Almond Rachael , Hill Michael , Sheard Simon , McVean Gil ,   UKB Infection Advisory Board, Aiello Allison , Bangham Charles , Borrow Ray , Breuer Judy , Brooks Tim , Franceschi Silvia , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Greenwood Brian , Griffiths Paul , Guy Edward , Jeffery Katie , Kelly Dominic , Klenerman Paul , van der Klis Fiona , Knight Julian , McMichael Andrew , Naranbhai Vivek , Pebody Richard , Peto Tim , Pollard Andrew J. , Schulz Thomas , Soldan Kate , Taylor Graham , Towers Greg , Tommasino Massimo , Weiss Robin , Whitby Denise , Wild Chris , Wyllie David , Collins Rory , Hill Adrian V. S. , Waterboer Tim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCertain infectious agents are recognised causes of cancer and other chronic diseases. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying such relationships, here we design a Multiplex Serology platform to measure quantitative antibody responses against 45 antigens from 20 infectious agents including human herpes, hepatitis, polyoma, papilloma, and retroviruses, as well as Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii, then assayed a random subset of 9695 UK Biobank participants. We find seroprevalence estimates consistent with those expected from prior literature and confirm multiple associations of antibody responses with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., lifetime sexual partners with C. trachomatis), HLA genetic variants (rs6927022 with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 antibodies) and disease outcomes (human papillomavirus-16 seropositivity with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and EBV responses with multiple sclerosis). Our accessible dataset is one of the largest incorporating diverse infectious agents in a prospective UK cohort offering opportunities to improve our understanding of host-pathogen-disease relationships with significant clinical and public health implications.
Multiomic profiling of the acute stress response in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: von Ziegler Lukas M. , Floriou-Servou Amalia , Waag Rebecca , Das Gupta Rebecca R. , Sturman Oliver , Gapp Katharina , Maat Christina A. , Kockmann Tobias , Lin Han-Yu , Duss Sian N. , Privitera Mattia , Hinte Laura , von Meyenn Ferdinand , Zeilhofer Hanns U. , Germain Pierre-Luc , Bohacek Johannes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe acute stress response mobilizes energy to meet situational demands and re-establish homeostasis. However, the underlying molecular cascades are unclear. Here, we use a brief swim exposure to trigger an acute stress response in mice, which transiently increases anxiety, without leading to lasting maladaptive changes. Using multiomic profiling, such as proteomics, phospho-proteomics, bulk mRNA-, single-nuclei mRNA-, small RNA-, and TRAP-sequencing, we characterize the acute stress-induced molecular events in the mouse hippocampus over time. Our results show the complexity and specificity of the response to acute stress, highlighting both the widespread changes in protein phosphorylation and gene transcription, and tightly regulated protein translation. The observed molecular events resolve efficiently within four hours after initiation of stress. We include aninteractive appto explore the data, providing a molecular resource that can help us understand how acute stress impacts brain function in response to stress.
Efficient human-like antibody repertoire and hybridoma production in trans-chromosomic mice carrying megabase-sized human immunoglobulin loci
Authors: Satofuka Hiroyuki , Abe Satoshi , Moriwaki Takashi , Okada Akane , Kazuki Kanako , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yamazaki Kyotaro , Hichiwa Genki , Morimoto Kayoko , Takayama Haruka , Nakayama Yuji , Hatano Shinya , Yada Yutaro , Murakami Yasufumi , Baba Yoshihiro , Oshimura Mitsuo , Tomizuka Kazuma , Kazuki Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrans-chromosomic (Tc) mice carrying mini-chromosomes with megabase-sized human immunoglobulin (Ig) loci have contributed to the development of fully human therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, but mitotic instability of human mini-chromosomes in mice may limit the efficiency of hybridoma production. Here, we establish human antibody-producing Tc mice (TC-mAb mice) that stably maintain a mouse-derived, engineered chromosome containing the entire human Ig heavy and kappa chain loci in a mouse Ig-knockout background. Comprehensive, high-throughput DNA sequencing shows that the human Ig repertoire, including variable gene usage, is well recapitulated in TC-mAb mice. Despite slightly altered B cell development and a delayed immune response, TC-mAb mice have more subsets of antigen-specific plasmablast and plasma cells than wild-type mice, leading to efficient hybridoma production. Our results thus suggest that TC-mAb mice offer a valuable platform for obtaining fully human therapeutic antibodies, and a useful model for elucidating the regulation of human Ig repertoire formation.