bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Alleviate Anxiety Rather Than Depressive Symptoms Among First-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yang Rong , Wang Lu , Jin Kun , Cao Song , Wu Chujun , Guo Jimin , Chen Jindong , Tang Hui , Tang Mimi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) augmentation of antidepressants has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of major depressive disorders (MDD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of n-3 PUFAs plus venlafaxine in patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.MethodA total of 72 outpatients with first-diagnosed depression were recruited. The daily dose of 2.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs or placebo plus venlafaxine was used for over 12 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).ResultsBoth groups exhibited improvement on clinical characteristics at week 4 and week 12 compared with baseline. The rate of responders for anxiety in n-3 PUFAs group (44.44%) was significantly higher than that in placebo group (21.21%) at week 4 (χ2 = 4.182, p = 0.041), while week 12 did not show a difference (χ2 = 0.900, p = 0.343). The rate of responders for depression at both week 4 (χ2 = 0.261, p = 0.609) and week 12 (χ2 = 1.443, p = 0.230) showed no significant difference between two groups. Further analysis found that Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) had positive correlation with HAMA (r = 0.301, p = 0.012), SAS (r = 0.246, p = 0.015), HAMD (r = 0.252, p = 0.038) and BDI (r = 0.233, p = 0.022) with Pearson correlation analysis. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) had negative correlation with SAS (r = −0.244, p = 0.015) and BDI (r = −0.365, p = 0.000).ConclusionThis trial found that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in favor of venlafaxine alleviated the anxiety symptoms rather than depressive symptoms at the early stage of treatment (4 weeks) for first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients. However, the advantage disappeared in long-term treatment. Furthermore, childhood abuse and social support are closely related to the clinical and biological characteristics of depression. Both childhood trauma and lack of social support might be predictors of poor prognosis in depression.Clinical Trial Registration[clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03295708].
Anthropometric Indicators as Predictors of Mortality in Early Life Among Low Birthweight Indian Infants
Authors: Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Kumar Mohan , Sinha Bireshwar , Shaikh Saijuddin , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLow birthweight (LBW) babies (&lt;2.5 kg) are at higher risk of mortality and weight for height z score is currently recommended for identifying infants at risk of mortality.ObjectiveTo compare different anthropometric measures at 28-day of age in a cohort of LBW Indian infants for predicting mortality between 28-day and 180-day of age.MethodsWe used data from an individually randomized controlled trial of LBW infants weighing between 1,500 and 2,250 g. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values, and area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were used to estimate the discrimination of mortality risk. The Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and population attributable fraction for each anthropometric indicator. These estimates were calculated for individual as well as combinations of anthropometric indicators at the cut-off of –2 and –3 SD of the WHO 2006 growth standards.ResultsSevere underweight (weight-for-age z-scores [WAZ] &lt; –3) had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 68.0% with an AUC of 0.72. The risk of death was higher (HR 6.18; 95% CI 4.29–8.90) with a population attributable fraction of 0.63 (95% CI 0.52–0.72) for infants severely underweight at 28-day of age. Combination of different anthropometric measures did not perform better than individual measures.ConclusionSevere underweight (WAZ &lt; –3) better discriminated deaths among LBW infants &lt; 6 months of age. It can be considered for diagnosis of nutritionally at-risk infants in this age group.Clinical Trial Registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02653534].
Serum Serine and the Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Nested Case-Control Study From the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)
Authors: He Qiangqiang , Zhang Nan , Liang Qiongyue , Wang Zhuo , Chen Ping , Song Yun , Zhou Ziyi , Wei Yaping , Duan Yong , Wang Binyan , Qin Peiwu , Qin Xianhui , Xu Xiping 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSerine plays a key role in numerous cellular processes, the levels and metabolism is therefore of critical importance. However, few data are available to illustrate the association of serine with long-term health effects, especially, the predictive value for long-term mortality.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum serine levels and all-cause mortality in general hypertensive patients in a longitudinal cohort, and to examine the potential effect modifiers.MethodsA nested case-control (NCC) study was conducted utilizing 20702 hypertensive participants from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), a randomized, double-blind, actively controlled trial conducted from May 2008 to August 2013 in China. The current study included 291 cases of all-cause mortality and 291 controls matched on age (≤ 1 year), sex and treatment group. All-cause mortality was the main outcome in this analysis, which included death due to any reason.ResultsWith the increase in serum serine levels, the risk of all-cause mortality first increased before flattening. After adjusting for related variables, the risk of mortality increased significantly with the increase of serum serine levels. Compared with group Q1, the mortality risk of group Q2, Q3 and Q4 were significantly increased [ORs, 95% CI: Q2: 2.32, (1.32–4.07); Q3: 2.59, (1.48–4.54); and Q4: 1.85, (1.07–3.22)]. In the exploratory analysis, we observed three effect modifiers, total homocysteine, 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, and estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly modified the serum serine and all-cause mortality association.ConclusionSerum serine levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients. Our results and findings, if confirmed further, suggest that serum serine should be considered as a marker for screening risk factors of mortality.Clinical Trial Registration[https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00794885.], identifier [CSPPT, NCT00794885].
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography For Differentiation Between Osteoblastic Metastases and Bone Islands
Authors: Xu Chijie , Kong Lingling , Deng Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to evaluate the utility of Rho/Z on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the differentiation of osteoblastic metastases (OBMs) from bone islands (BIs).MethodsDECT images of 110 patients with malignancies were collected. The effective atomic number (Z), electron density (Rho), dual energy index (DEI), and regular CT (rCT) values were measured by two observers. Independent-sample t-test was used to compare these values between OBMs and BIs. The diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the cutoff values were evaluated according to ROC curves.ResultsA total of 205 OBMs and 120 BIs were included. The mean values of Z, Rho, DEI, and rCT of OBMs were significantly lower than those of BIs, whereas the standard deviation values were higher than those of BIs (all p ≤ 0.05). ROC analysis showed that 11.86 was the optimal cutoff value for Z, rendering an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.91, with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 82.5%.ConclusionDECT can provide quantitative values of Z, Rho, and DEI and has good performance in differentiating between OBMs and BIs.
Low MxA Expression Predicts Better Immunotherapeutic Outcomes in Glioblastoma Patients Receiving Heat Shock Protein Peptide Complex 96 Vaccination
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Chunzhao , Chi Xiaohan , Huang Xijian , Gao Hua , Ji Nan , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2022

Heat shock protein peptide complex 96 (HSPPC-96) has been proven to be a safe and preliminarily effective therapeutic vaccine in treating newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (NCT02122822). However, the clinical outcomes were highly variable, rendering the discovery of outcome-predictive biomarkers essential for this immunotherapy. We utilized multidimensional immunofluorescence staining to detect CD4+ CD8+ and PD-1+ immune cell infiltration levels, MxA and gp96 protein expression in pre-vaccination GBM tissues of 19 patients receiving HSPPC-96 vaccination. We observed low MxA expression was associated with longer OS than high MxA expression (48 months vs. 20 months, p=0.038). Long-term survivors (LTS) exhibited significantly lower MxA expression than short-term survivors (STS) (p= 0.0328), and ROC curve analysis indicated MxA expression as a good indicator in distinguishing LTS and STS (AUC=0.7955, p=0.0318). However, we did not observe any significant impact of immune cell densities or gp96 expression on patient outcomes. Finally, we revealed the association of MxA expression with prognosis linked to a preexisting TCR clone (CDR3-2) but was independent of the peripheral tumor-specific immune response. Taken together, low MxA expression correlated with better survival in GBM patients receiving HSPPC-96 vaccination, indicating MxA as a potential biomarker for early recognition of responsive patients to this immunotherapy.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02122822) http://www. chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx (ChiCTR-ONC-13003309).
The Chemopreventive Role of β-Elemene in Cholangiocarcinoma by Restoring PCDH9 Expression
Authors: Wu Qing , Shi Xintong , Pan Yating , Liao Xinyi , Xu Jiahua , Gu Xiaoqiang , Yu Wenlong , Chen Ying , Yu Guanzhen 
Published: July 2022

Backgroundβ-Elemene, an effective anticancer component isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Rhizoma Zedoariae, has been proved to have therapeutic potential against multiple cancers by extensive clinical trials and experimental research. However, its preventive role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and the mechanisms of action of β-elemene on CCA need to be further investigated.MethodsA thioacetamide (TAA)-induced pre-CCA animal model was well-established, and a low dosage of β-elemene was intragastrically (i.g.) administered for 6 months. Livers were harvested and examined histologically by a deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN). cDNA array was used to analyze the genetic changes of CCA cells following β-elemene treatment. Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect β-elemene-targeted protein PCDH9 in CCA specimens, and its predictive role was analyzed. β-Elemene treatment at the cellular or animal level was performed to test the effect of this traditional Chinese medicine on CCA cells.ResultsIn the rat model of pre-CCA, the ratio of cholangiolar proliferation lesions was 0.98% ± 0.72% in the control group, significantly higher than that of the β-elemene (0. 47% ± 0.30%) groups (p = 0.0471). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the top 10 pathways affected by β-elemene treatment were associated with energy metabolism, and one was associated with the cell cycle. β-Elemene inactivated a number of oncogenes and restored the expression of multiple tumor suppressors. PCDH9 is a target of β-elemene and displays an important role in predicting tumor recurrence in CCA patients.ConclusionsThese findings proved that long-term use of β-elemene has the potential to interrupt the progression of CCA and improve the life quality of rats. Moreover, β-elemene exerted its anticancer potential partially by restoring the expression of PCDH9.
Comparison of Different Machine Models Based on Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Radiomic Analysis to Differentiate Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma From Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Zheng Yun-lin , Zheng Yi-neng , Li Chuan-fei , Gao Jue-ni , Zhang Xin-yu , Li Xin-yi , Zhou Di , Wen Ming 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study explored the value of different radiomic models based on multiphase computed tomography in differentiating parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and basal cell tumor (BCA) concerning the predominant phase and the optimal radiomic model.MethodsThis study enrolled 173 patients with pathologically confirmed parotid tumors (training cohort: n=121; testing cohort: n=52). Radiomic features were extracted from the nonenhanced, arterial, venous, and delayed phases CT images. After dimensionality reduction and screening, logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to develop radiomic models. The optimal radiomic model was selected by using ROC curve analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze clinical-radiological characteristics and to identify variables for developing a clinical model. A combined model was constructed by integrating clinical and radiomic features. Model performances were assessed by ROC curve analysis.ResultsA total of 1036 radiomic features were extracted from each phase of CT images. Sixteen radiomic features were considered valuable by dimensionality reduction and screening. Among radiomic models, the SVM model of the arterial and delayed phases showed superior predictive efficiency and robustness (AUC, training cohort: 0.822, 0.838; testing cohort: 0.752, 0.751). The discriminatory capability of the combined model was the best (AUC, training cohort: 0.885; testing cohort: 0.834).ConclusionsThe diagnostic performance of the arterial and delayed phases contributed more than other phases. However, the combined model demonstrated excellent ability to distinguish BCA from PA, which may provide a non-invasive and efficient method for clinical decision-making.
Construction and Comparison of Different Models in Detecting Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yongheng , Qi Wenqiang , Cui Jianfeng , Zhong Minglei , Lv Guangda , Qu Sifeng , Chen Shouzhen , Li Rongyang , Shi Benkang , Zhu Yaofeng 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWith the widespread adoption of prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the detection rates of prostate cancer (PCa) have increased. Due to the low specificity and high false-positive rate of serum PSA levels, it was difficult to diagnose PCa accurately. To improve the diagnosis of PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa), we established novel models on the basis of the prostate health index (PHI) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the Asian population.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the clinical indicators of patients with TPSA at 4–20 ng/ml. Furthermore, mpMRI was performed using a 3.0-T scanner and reported in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS). Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were performed to construct the models. The performance of different models based on PSA derivatives, PHI derivatives, PI-RADS, and a combination of PHI derivatives and PI-RADS was evaluated.ResultsAmong the 128 patients, 47 (36.72%) patients were diagnosed with CSPCa and 81 (63.28%) patients were diagnosed with non-CSPCa. Of the 81 (63.28%) patients, 8 (6.25%) patients were diagnosed with Gleason Grade 1 PCa and 73 (57.03%) patients were diagnosed with non-PCa. In the analysis of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves in TPSA 4–20 ng/ml, the multivariable model for PCa was significantly larger than that for the model based on the PI-RADS (p = 0.004) and that for the model based on the PHI derivatives (p = 0.031) in diagnostic accuracy. The multivariable model for CSPCa was significantly larger than that for the model based on the PI-RADS (p = 0.003) and was non-significantly larger than that for the model based on the PHI derivatives (p = 0.061) in diagnostic accuracy. For PCa in TPSA 4–20 ng/ml, a multivariable model achieved the optimal diagnostic value at four levels of predictive variables. For CSPCa in TPSA 4–20 ng/ml, the multivariable model achieved the optimal diagnostic value at a sensitivity close to 90% and 80%.ConclusionsThe models combining PHI derivatives and PI-RADS performed better in detecting PCa and CSPCa than the models based on either PHI or PI-RADS.
The Value of Laparoscopic Simultaneous Colorectal and Hepatic Resection for Synchronous Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Zhou Jiamin , Feng Longhai , Li Xinxiang , Wang Miao , Zhao Yiming , Zhang Ning , Wang Longrong , Zhang Ti , Mao Anrong , Xu Ye , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the value of total laparoscopic simultaneous colorectal and hepatic resection in patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (sCRLMs).MethodssCRLM patients who underwent simultaneous resection from December 2014 to December 2018 in Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University were recruited and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into laparoscopic, open, and hybrid surgery groups. The intraoperative information, postoperative short-term outcome, and long-term survival were compared among the three groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baselines.ResultsA total of 281 patients were recruited. After PSM, 34 patients were selected from both the laparoscopic and the open surgery group. Forty-seven patients were also selected from both the laparoscopic and the hybrid surgery group. The clinicopathologic baselines between the laparoscopic surgery group and the other two groups were well matched. All the operation-related indicators between laparoscopic surgery and hybrid surgery were similar. However, compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery showed significantly longer operation time (229.09 ± 10.94 min vs. 192.24 ± 9.49 min, p = 0.013) and less intraoperative blood loss [100.00 (50.00–300.00) ml vs. 200.00 (150.00–400.00) ml, p = 0.021]. For postoperative morbidity, there was no significant difference between the laparoscopic surgery group and the hybrid or the open surgery group (23.40% vs. 31.91% and 17.65% vs. 26.47%, p = 0.356 and p = 0.380). Long-term survival analysis showed that there were no significant differences in all 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival, liver recurrence-free survival (RFS), and whole RFS between laparoscopic surgery and hybrid surgery (p = 0.334, p = 0.286, and p = 0.558) or open surgery (p = 0.230, p = 0.348, and p = 0.450).ConclusionsLaparoscopic simultaneous resection for sCRLM shows slight advantages in surgical safety and short-term outcome, and does not compromise long-term survival.
Nitrogen Metabolism Disorder Accelerates Occurrence and Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis and In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Zhang Zexin , Xiahou Zhikai , Wu Wenfeng , Song Yafeng 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNitrogen metabolism (NM) plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and the occurrence and development of cancers. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic model and nomogram using NM-related genes for the evaluation of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsThe differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NM were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Consistent clustering analysis was used to divide them into different modules, and differentially expressed genes and survival analysis were performed. The survival information of patients was combined with the expressing levels of NM-related genes that extracted from TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Subsequently, univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to build a prognostic model. GO and KEGG analysis were elaborated in relation with the mechanisms of NM disorder (NMD). Meanwhile, immune cells and immune functions related to NMD were discussed. A nomogram was built according to the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis to identify independent risk factors. Finally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and Western bolt (WB) were used to verify the expression level of hub genes.ResultsThere were 138 differential NM-related genes that were divided into two gene modules. Sixteen NM-related genes were used to build a prognostic model and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the efficiency was reliable. GO and KEGG analysis suggested that NMD accelerated development of LUAD through the Wnt signaling pathway. The level of activated dendritic cells (aDCs) and type II interferon response in the low-risk group was higher than that of the high-risk group. A nomogram was constructed based on ABCC2, HMGA2, and TN stages, which was identified as four independent risk factors. Finally, RT-PCR and WB showed that CDH17, IGF2BP1, IGFBP1, ABCC2, and HMGA2 were differently expressed between human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells and cancer cells.ConclusionsHigh NM levels were revealed as a poor prognosis of LUAD. NMD regulates immune system through affecting aDCs and type II interferon response. The prognostic model with NM-related genes could be used to effectively evaluate the outcomes of patients.
Disturbances of Vaginal Microbiome Composition in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Wu Ming , Li Huanrong , Yu Hongfei , Yan Ye , Wang Chen , Teng Fei , Fan Aiping , Xue Fengxia 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundEmerging evidence has demonstrated a close association between perturbations in vaginal microbiota composition in women and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical lesions, and cervical cancer (Ca); however, these findings are highly heterogeneous and inconclusive.AimTo perform a comprehensive systematic review of the global disturbance in the vaginal microbiota, specifically in women with HPV-associated cervical diseases, and to further conduct within- and across-disease comparisons.MethodTwenty-two records were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 28, 2022. We extracted microbial changes at the community (alpha and beta diversity) and taxonomic (relative abundance) levels. Within- and across-disease findings on the relative abundance of taxonomic assignments were qualitatively synthesized.ResultsGenerally, significantly higher alpha diversity was observed for HPV infection, cervical lesions, and/or cancer patients than in controls, and significant differences within beta diversity were observed for the overall microbial composition across samples. In within-disease comparisons, the genera Gardnerella, Megasphaera, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus showed the greatest abundances with HPV infection; Sneathia and Atopobium showed inconsistent abundance with HPV infection, and Staphylococcus was observed in Ca. Across diseases, we find increased levels of Streptococcus and varying levels of Gardnerella were shared across HPV infections, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and Ca, whereas Lactobacillus iners varied depending on the HPV-related disease subtype.ConclusionsThis systematic review reports that vaginal microbiome disturbances are correlated to the depletion of Lactobacillus, enrichment of anaerobes, and increased abundance of aerobic bacteria in HPV infection and related cervical diseases. Moreover, L. iners may exert either protective or pathogenic effects on different HPV-related diseases.