bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adversity Exposure, Syntax, and Specific Language Impairment: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Selin Claire , Rice Mabel L. , Jackson Yo 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Children exposed to adversity (e.g., chronic poverty, traumatic events, and maltreatment) are at increased risk for performing below age expectations on norm-referenced language assessments, but it is unknown whether the risk is higher for specific language impairment (SLI). This exploratory study investigated whether adversity exposure is associated with reduced grammar knowledge and SLI.

Method:

The syntax subtest of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Norm-Referenced (DELV-NR) assessment was administered to 30 school-age children with known histories of adversity exposure. Their primary caregiver also completed a comprehensive adversity exposure measure, which captured adverse event type, frequency, chronicity, and severity. Analyses included
t
tests, correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests, and chi-square.

Results:
Overall, the sample performed below age expectations on the DELV-NR Syntax subtest, and a higher percentage of participants (20%) met diagnostic criteria for SLI than expected. The SLI and typical language (TL) groups did not significantly differ in adversity dosage, frequency, chronicity, or severity; however, participants in the SLI group were 1.46 times more likely to have experienced physical trauma than the participants in the TL group.

Conclusions:
Children with known histories of adversity exposure presented with grammatical deficits and SLI more often than expected based on the DELV-NR normative sample; however, features of the adverse event did not associate with SLI status except for exposure to physical trauma (e.g., physical abuse and victimization). Future research is needed to investigate the prevalence and potential causal pathways of SLI in this population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20483706
Reconfigurable battery systems: Challenges and safety solutions using intelligent system framework based on digital twins
Authors: Garg Akhil , Mou Jianhui , Su Shaosen , Gao Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch on Reconfigurable Battery Systems (RBS) is gaining emphasis over the traditional fixed topology of the battery pack due to its advantages of adapting flexible topology (series‐parallel) during its operation in the pack for meeting the non‐linear time‐dependent load requirements. There could emerge serious issues such as those related to safety due to malfunction of the switching circuit, heat generation from switches during frequent switching of circuits, charging temperature rise, increased charging time, sensing issues arising from the use of low‐accuracy voltage/current sensors, state of charge/state of health estimation, and cost issues due to the use of increasing number of switches, fuses, contactors, relays, circuit breakers etc. To address these mentioned issues, the problem of optimal switching circuit topology for RBS is formulated as a mathematical multi‐objective optimisation problem. An intelligent system framework based on digital twins is proposed. The proposed framework is further extended to a life cycle management approach that includes the interactions among pack design, pack assembly and operational and recycling levels. This could provide greater access of real‐time big data cloud storage to the battery designers, manufacturers and recycling industries, who can make use of it to optimise their designs, systems and operations.
Diagnosis of inter‐turn short circuit in excitation winding of pumped storage unit based on frequency‐resolved circulation spectrum
Authors: Qi Peng , Li Yonggang , Ma Minghan , Wu Yucai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe online monitoring of inter‐turn short‐circuit (ITSC) faults in excitation windings of pumped storage units is easily affected by static air‐gap eccentricity (SAGE) and armature response, and the early fault characteristics cannot be easily identified effectively. To address these problems, this study proposes a frequency‐resolved circulation spectrum (FRCS) fault diagnosis method for ITSC faults in excitation windings. Firstly, the equation for the same phase multi‐branch circulation under SAGE compound ITSC conditions is derived based on the structural characteristics of pumped storage units and electromagnetic induction relations, and obtains the characteristic harmonics of the loop current caused by ITSC faults. Secondly, this study introduces the implementation method of FRCS, considering a pumped storage unit with a generation capacity of 334 MVA as the research object. This study develops a two‐dimensional finite element simulation model, calculates the magnitude of the in‐phase branch circulation at different fault levels, extracts the corresponding time and frequency domain spectrum and FRCS, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method based on comparative experiments. Finally, based on the MJF‐30‐6 Synchronous Generator Experimental Platform in the Power System Dynamic Simulation Laboratory, ITSC operation at different fault levels is simulated, and the corresponding in‐phase branch current data are collected for FRCS analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can effectively eliminate SAGE and armature reaction interference, identify early weak ITSC faults and visualise the severity of faults in the form of pixel dots.
Electromagnetic and experimental analyses of a low‐cost miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator for miniature compressor applications
Authors: Khalid Sumeet , Khan Faisal , Ullah Basharat , Ahmad Zahoor , Milyani Ahmad H. , Alghamdi Sultan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents a miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator (MT‐MMLOA) that operates on an electro dynamic actuation mechanism. The proposed linear oscillating actuator comprises two main parts: the stator and the mover. In this topology, the stator assembly is composed of a modular C‐core structure along with a separator to prevent flux cancelation, and the mover assembly accommodates axially magnetised permanent magnets (PMs) that contribute to high thrust force generation and present a less costly actuator compared to the conventional actuator design. The finite element analysis is performed and validated experimentally. Numerous linear oscillating actuator topologies proposed previously in the literature are compared with MT‐MMLOA to analyse the electromagnetic performance. The results show that the motor constant, which is the performance parameter, is significantly increased from the conventional design. The PM volume is reduced, which is cost‐effective. The overall volume of MT‐MMLOA is also reduced due to reduction in the PM volume, which is advantageous for compactness. Consequently, the proposed MT‐MMLOA is simple in structure, less costly, and easy to fabricate.
Surrogate‐based model using auto‐encoder for optimising multi‐band antennas
Authors: Um Kwi Seob , Kim Nam Jik , Heo Seo Weon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper suggests an optimisation method to design multi‐band antenna using artificial neural networks. The proposed network, surrogate‐based model using auto‐encoder (SBM‐AE), is composed of two parts, ordinary neural network and auto‐encoder. First, the front neural network predicts the encoded antenna characteristics and then decodes the predicted data to obtain the antenna characteristics. After training the encoder to obtain a characteristic signature vector, the front neural network regresses only the characteristic signature vectors, reducing the complexity and number of parameters of the neural network. This not only reduces the training time but also significantly reduces the number of training data required. We confirm the effectiveness of the design method by designing a multi‐band antenna where the proposed SBM‐AE required 270 training data while the conventional neural network without auto‐encoder needed 1350 training data to achieve comparatively the same error rate.
Raising religious inherency: the role of interreligious competence in achieving religious education equality in multireligious public schools in Indonesia
Authors: Utami Pratiwi Tri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis case study examines the challenges in providing religious education (RE) for all religions in Indonesia in a variety of diverse settings. These challenges in RE equality include interreligious competence, especially the tendency for tolerance, as expressed from the perspectives of multireligious teachers and students in public schools. This study uses purposeful random sampling to examine elementary and junior high schools and reveal barriers to providing RE for all religions, especially in rural areas. A number of barriers, including the minimum number of students, lack of human resources, limited school budget, and area conditions, contribute to the lack of awareness in providing enough religious subject teachers for all religious students. These challenges influence the tendency for tolerance in RE inequality. The decision of Muslim and non-Muslim teachers and students to accept and respect these conditions is meant to create a peaceful school environment and to be conducive to learning. This acceptance and respect represent a tolerant attitude towards maintaining the coexistence of a multireligious society in the school context. This study suggests that interreligious competence in a multireligious society increases religious inherency.
Jahn–Taller distortion on exchange interactions between cations in Mn
x
Cu1−x
Co2O4 system
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhen Congmian , Shui Zizhou , Xu Dayin , Liu Lu , Ma Li , Zhao Dewei , Hou Denglu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pure-phase Mn
x
Cu1−x
Co2O4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) polycrystalline powders were prepared by using a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method. With doping Mn ion into the octahedral sites, the unit cell transforms from cubic phase to tetragonal phase, and the octahedral Co3+ ions move to the tetrahedral sites and become high spin Co2+ ions. When the doped Mn concentration is low, the sample is dominated by antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between tetrahedral Cu2+. As the Mn concentration increases, ferrimagnetic interactions between tetrahedral Co2+ and octahedral Mn3+ can be observed. When the Mn concentration is high enough, due to strong Jahn–Taller distortion, the e
g energy level of Mn splits, which weakens the interactions between the tetrahedral and the octahedral cations, and enhances interactions between the octahedral cations. Ferromagnetic interactions between octahedral Mn3+ and AFM interactions between octahedral Mn2+ become obvious. The magnetic ordering temperature has been raised from 20 K to 93 K as the Mn concentration increases, and the maximum exchange bias field is observed to be 1.063 kOe.
MOVPE-grown GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on sapphire with polarization-induced two-dimensional hole gases
Authors: Beckmann Carsten , Wieben Jens , Zweipfennig Thorsten , Kirchbrücher Arno , Ehrler Jasmin , Stamm Robert , Yang Zineng , Kalisch Holger , Vescan Andrei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
GaN/Al
x
Ga1−x
N heterostructures were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy to study in detail the formation of two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG). In contrast to the common double-heterostructure approach to create 2DHG, which is based on GaN buffer layers and leads to the parallel formation of a two-dimensional electron gas, this concept is designed to create a 2DHG only. The Al mole fraction in the AlGaN buffer and the GaN channel thickness are each varied to investigate their influence on 2DHG properties. The carrier concentrations as determined by room temperature Hall measurements follow the expected trend given by the Al content dependence of the spontaneous polarization of the relaxed AlGaN buffer. A 2DHG density as high as of 1.6 × 1013 cm−2 with a negligible dependence on temperature (80–300 K) is determined for a GaN/Al0.29Ga0.71N heterostructure by temperature-dependent Hall measurements. Higher carrier concentrations can also be achieved, yet strain relaxation of the GaN channel degrades the transport properties for Al contents above 30%.
The effect of antisite disorder on magnetic and exchange bias properties of Gd-substituted Y2CoMnO6 double perovskite
Authors: Khan Anasua , Rajput Sarita , Anas M , Malik V K , Maitra T , Nath T K , Taraphder A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Combining experimental investigations and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report physical and magnetic properties of Gd-substituted Y2CoMnO6 double perovskite, which are strongly influenced by antisite-disorder-driven spin configurations. On Gd doping, Co and Mn ions are present in mixed-valence (Co3+, Co2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+) states. Multiple magnetic transitions have been observed: (i) paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition is found to occur at T

C
= 95.5 K, (ii) antiferromagnetic transition at T

N
= 47 K is driven by

3
d

−

4
f

polarization and antisite disorder present in the sample, (iii) change in magnetization below T

⩽

20 K, primarily originating from Gd ordering, as revealed from our DFT calculations. AC susceptibility measurement confirms the absence of any spin-glass or cluster-glass phases in this material. A significantly large exchange bias effect (H

E
B

= 1.07 kOe) is found to occur below 47 K due to interfaces of FM and AFM clusters created by antisite-disorder.
Stochastic and a posteriori optimization to mitigate coil manufacturing errors in stellarator design
Authors: Wechsung Florian , Giuliani Andrew , Landreman Matt , Cerfon Antoine , Stadler Georg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It was recently shown in Wechsung et al (2022 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
119 e2202084119) that there exist electromagnetic coils that generate magnetic fields, which are excellent approximations to quasi-symmetric fields and have very good particle confinement properties. Using a Gaussian process-based model for coil perturbations, we investigate the impact of manufacturing errors on the performance of these coils. We show that even fairly small errors result in noticeable performance degradation. While stochastic optimization yields minor improvements, it is not possible to mitigate these errors significantly. As an alternative to stochastic optimization, we then formulate a new optimization problem for computing optimal adjustments of the coil positions and currents without changing the shapes of the coil. These a-posteriori adjustments are able to reduce the impact of coil errors by an order of magnitude, providing a new perspective for dealing with manufacturing tolerances in stellarator design.
Nonplanar ion-acoustic solitons and shocks with superthermal trapped electrons and transverse perturbations
Authors: Jahangir R , Ali S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The formation and propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic (IA) waves are studied in an unmagnetized cold viscous plasma, comprising the inertial ions and superthermal trapped electrons in cylindrical geometry with transverse perturbations. The well-known reductive perturbation method is employed to derive cylindrical trapped Kadomtsev Petviashvili Burgers (CTKPB) and cylindrical trapped Kadomtsev Petviashvili (CTKP) equations with and without dissipation effects, respectively. The exact solutions of CTKPB and CTKP equations are obtained for the first time by utilizing the dependent variable transformation. The soliton and shock structures are found to be significantly affected by the plasma parameters including the trapping efficiency parameter β, the superthermality parameter κ, viscosity µ
0 and the geometrical effects. Importantly, the geometrical effects and transverse perturbations alter the shape of solitons and shocks, resulting into the parabolic nonlinear structures. These structures become more parabolic at later times due to an interplay of transverse and time coordinates (η, τ). The results of the present study might be helpful to understand the characteristics of IA structures in space plasmas, such as auroral regions, where energetic trapped electrons have been observed.
Preparation and operating characteristics analysis of high-speed iron phthalocyanine organic phototriode
Authors: Feng Gaoxu , Zhu Min , Ge Qicai , Gao Xiaoting , Zhao Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The structure of Cu/FePc/Al/FePc/Cu vertical structure organic bipolar junction triode (VOBJT) is prepared by vacuum vapour deposition and magnetron sputtering process, using the photosensitive organic semiconductor material iron phthalocyanine (FePc) as the organic layer. The experiment results show that the device’s output current is unsaturated, and the base voltage can effectively regulate the output current. FePc-VOBJT has good optoelectronic characteristics, and the optical response rate can reach R = 0.19 A W−1. Under the AC base voltage, the cut-off frequency of FePc-VOBJT is f
c = 10.7 kHz, and the turn-on and turn-off time can reach the microsecond level. When FePc-VOBJT responds to light pulse, the cut-off frequency f
c(Light) = 2 kHz, and the switch time can reach the millisecond level. Vertical structure dramatically reduces the device’s conductive channel length and junction capacitance, which makes the organic semiconductor materials with poor electrical properties expected to be used in high-speed photoelectric sensors.
Linear displacement and force characterisation of a 3D-printed flexure-based delta actuator
Authors: Chen Xu , Kiziroglou Michail E , Yeatman Eric M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric beams provide a fast, high-force and scalable actuation mechanism that could offer precise motion control to medical microdevices including invasive micromanipulators, catheters and diagnosis tools. Their small displacement range can be addressed by motion amplification mechanisms. In this paper, a piezoelectric-actuated delta-robot actuator is proposed for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) microsystems. A prototype is designed and fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) polymer compound printing for a multi-flexure compliant motion amplifier and commercial piezoelectric beams. The flexure material is optimised for maximum linear output motion. The overall robot length is 76 mm and its maximum lateral dimension is 32 mm, with 10 g overall mass, including three piezoelectric beams. An axial motion control range of 0.70 mm and a maximum axial force of 20 mN are demonstrated, at 140 V actuation voltage. The proposed actuator architecture is promising for controlling lens, fibre and micromanipulator components for medical microrobotic applications.
Basis for time crystal phenomena in ultra-cold atoms bouncing on an oscillating mirror
Authors: Golletz Weronika , Czarnecki Andrzej , Sacha Krzysztof , Kuroś Arkadiusz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider classical dynamics of a one-dimensional system of N particles bouncing on an oscillating mirror in the presence of gravitational field. The particles behave like hard balls and they are resonantly driven by the mirror. We identify the manifolds the particles move on and derive the effective secular Hamiltonian for resonant motion of the particles. Proper choice of time periodic oscillations of the mirror allows for engineering of the effective behaviour of the particles. In particular, the system can behave like an N-dimensional fictitious particle moving in an N-dimensional crystalline structure. Our classical analysis constitutes a basis for quantum research of novel time crystal phenomena in ultra-cold atoms bouncing on an oscillating atom mirror.
Optical spectra of zigzag graphene nanoribbons: a first-principles study
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Tahereh , Badehian Hojat Allah , Gharbavi Khadijeh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electrical and optical properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons is simulated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). It is found that n-ZGNRs (n = 18, 22, 26, 30) have metallic behavior. The results reveal that when the nanoribbon width increases, the first optical bandgap and optical absorption peaks diminish. Furthermore, at energies greater than around 1.40 eV, n-ZGNRs (n = 18, 22, 26, 30) have a negative refractive index for the z polarization. The maximum optical reflection peaks of n-ZGNRs (n = 18, 22, 26, 30) occur at about 5 eV for y polarization. Furthermore, unlike the y polarization, the z components of optical reflectivity are positioned at lower energies. The results show that the optical extinction of the simulated ZGNRs increases with ribbon width. The main reason is that the larger supercells have a higher mass density. For

E

y

∼ 0–4.50 eV, n-ZGNRs (n = 18, 22, 26, 30) support the conditions for the transverse-electric (TE) mode. Additionally, for

E

y

higher than around 4.50 eV, n-ZGNRs (n = 18, 22, 26, 30) supplies the transverse-magnetic (TM) plasmons.
Simulation of ozone concentrations inside 60CO industrial irradiator
Authors: Noaman Ali , El gamel Amal A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The motivation of this work is to study the relationship between gamma radiation and also ozone concentration in 60CO industrial irradiators. Because ozone is considered to be one of the most important safety issues, because it has a destructive effect on the human body and has a corrosive effect on metal parts in the irradiated area. Moreover, due to its high reactivity. So first using ozone monogram method to measure ozone concentration, and also the effect of the factor on ozone concentration was determined. MATLAB computer code was used to calculate the ozone concentration-response with completely different statistics. Among them, ozone concentration in the 60CO irradiation area is in a completely different state. These conditions include: different gamma emitters, completely different irradiators, airflow correction, and engine failure. It is suggested that ozone formation may be a direct effect of gamma radiations. the result show also that the health hazards due to the ozone produced during irradiation are significant and should not be overlooked. It was observed that in case of 1Ci motor failure, the detection time is 67.5 minutes. While, for 0.1Ci motor failure, the detection time is 32.2 minutes. To fulfill the employee safety limits. it is recommended to have a second control system with ventilation
Study Matrix Densities Variation on Assay of 137Cs & 60Co using Gamma Spectrometric Analysis and Correction Equation
Authors: Omar Omar Abo-Bakr , El-mongy Sayed A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are many factors affecting the results of specific activity determination by using HPGe detection system. One of these important factors is the incompatibility and dissimilarity between the density of the certified standard source for efficiency calibration of the system and the samples to be measured. In this work, five standard samples containing 137Cs at 661.6 keV and 60Co at 1173.2and 1332.5 keV energies, with the same geometry and different densities were used to investigate and validate the percentage of error. It is scientifically known that the low energies are attenuated more than the high energies. The densities of the used standard samples are 0.7, 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6 g/cm3 respectively. The detection system was well calibrated before carrying out the measurements. The calculated error percentages between the measured activities (in Bq) and the certified values for 137Cs and 60Co in the standard samples were found to be in wide range from 9.8% to 19.2% for 137Cs and from 7.77% to 16.1% for 60Co respectively. A correction equation taking into consideration the densities variation was suggested and formulated to overcome and compensate these errors.