bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly and coherent control of a register of nuclear spin qubits
Authors: Barnes Katrina , Battaglino Peter , Bloom Benjamin J. , Cassella Kayleigh , Coxe Robin , Crisosto Nicole , King Jonathan P. , Kondov Stanimir S. , Kotru Krish , Larsen Stuart C. , Lauigan Joseph , Lester Brian J. , McDonald Mickey , Megidish Eli , Narayanaswami Sandeep , Nishiguchi Ciro , Notermans Remy , Peng Lucas S. , Ryou Albert , Wu Tsung-Yao , Yarwood Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe generation of a register of highly coherent, but independent, qubits is a prerequisite to performing universal quantum computation. Here we introduce a qubit encoded in two nuclear spin states of a single87Sr atom and demonstrate coherence approaching the minute-scale within an assembled register of individually-controlled qubits. While other systems have shown impressive coherence times through some combination of shielding, careful trapping, global operations, and dynamical decoupling, we achieve comparable coherence times while individually driving multiple qubits in parallel. We highlight that even with simultaneous manipulation of multiple qubits within the register, we observe coherence in excess of 105times the current length of the operations, with$${T}_{2}^{{{{{\mathrm{echo}}}}}}=\left(40\pm 7\right)$$T2echo=40±7seconds. We anticipate that nuclear spin qubits will combine readily with the technical advances that have led to larger arrays of individually trapped neutral atoms and high-fidelity entangling operations, thus accelerating the realization of intermediate-scale quantum information processors.
RNP components condense into repressive RNP granules in the aging brain
Authors: Pushpalatha Kavya Vinayan , Solyga Mathilde , Nakamura Akira , Besse Florence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCytoplasmic RNP condensates enriched in mRNAs and proteins are found in various cell types and associated with both buffering and regulatory functions. While a clear link has been established between accumulation of aberrant RNP aggregates and progression of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, the impact of physiological aging on neuronal RNP condensates has never been explored. Through high-resolution imaging, we uncover that RNP components progressively cluster into large yet dynamic granules in the agingDrosophilabrain. We further show that age-dependent clustering is caused by an increase in the stoichiometry of the conserved helicase Me31B/DDX6, and requires PKA kinase activity. Finally, our functional analysis reveals that mRNA species recruited to RNP condensates upon aging exhibit age-dependent translational repression, indicating that co-clustering of selected mRNAs and translation regulators into repressive condensates may contribute to the specific post-transcriptional changes in gene expression observed in the course of aging.
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in immune responses in the respiratory tract and peripheral blood that suggest mechanisms of disease severity
Authors: Zhang Wuji , Chua Brendon Y. , Selva Kevin J. , Kedzierski Lukasz , Ashhurst Thomas M. , Haycroft Ebene R. , Shoffner-Beck Suzanne K. , Hensen Luca , Boyd David F. , James Fiona , Mouhtouris Effie , Kwong Jason C. , Chua Kyra Y. L. , Drewett George , Copaescu Ana , Dobson Julie E. , Rowntree Louise C. , Habel Jennifer R. , Allen Lilith F. , Koay Hui-Fern , Neil Jessica A. , Gartner Matthew J. , Lee Christina Y. , Andersson Patiyan , Khan Sadid F. , Blakeway Luke , Wisniewski Jessica , McMahon James H. , Vine Erica E. , Cunningham Anthony L. , Audsley Jennifer , Thevarajan Irani , Seemann Torsten , Sherry Norelle L. , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Londrigan Sarah L. , Wakim Linda M. , King Nicholas J. C. , Godfrey Dale I. , Mackay Laura K. , Thomas Paul G. , Nicholson Suellen , Arnold Kelly B. , Chung Amy W. , Holmes Natasha E. , Smibert Olivia C. , Trubiano Jason A. , Gordon Claire L. , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRespiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in varying immunopathology underlying COVID-19. We examine cellular, humoral and cytokine responses covering 382 immune components in longitudinal blood and respiratory samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG, IgA are detected in respiratory tract and blood, however, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM and IgG seroconversion is enhanced in respiratory specimens. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity in respiratory samples correlates with RBD-specific IgM and IgG levels. Cytokines/chemokines vary between respiratory samples and plasma, indicating that inflammation should be assessed in respiratory specimens to understand immunopathology. IFN-α2 and IL-12p70 in endotracheal aspirate and neutralization in sputum negatively correlate with duration of hospital stay. Diverse immune subsets are detected in respiratory samples, dominated by neutrophils. Importantly, dexamethasone treatment does not affect humoral responses in blood of COVID-19 patients. Our study unveils differential immune responses between respiratory samples and blood, and shows how drug therapy affects immune responses during COVID-19.
Exciton transport in molecular organic semiconductors boosted by transient quantum delocalization
Authors: Giannini Samuele , Peng Wei-Tao , Cupellini Lorenzo , Padula Daniele , Carof Antoine , Blumberger Jochen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesigning molecular materials with very large exciton diffusion lengths would remove some of the intrinsic limitations of present-day organic optoelectronic devices. Yet, the nature of excitons in these materials is still not sufficiently well understood. Here we present Frenkel exciton surface hopping, an efficient method to propagate excitons through truly nano-scale materials by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation coupled to nuclear motion. We find a clear correlation between diffusion constant and quantum delocalization of the exciton. In materials featuring some of the highest diffusion lengths to date, e.g. the non-fullerene acceptor Y6, the exciton propagates via a transient delocalization mechanism, reminiscent to what was recently proposed for charge transport. Yet, the extent of delocalization is rather modest, even in Y6, and found to be limited by the relatively large exciton reorganization energy. On this basis we chart out a path for rationally improving exciton transport in organic optoelectronic materials.
Templated folding of the RTX domain of the bacterial toxin adenylate cyclase revealed by single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Guojun , Li Hongbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe RTX (repeats-in-toxin) domain of the bacterial toxin adenylate cyclase (CyaA) contains five RTX blocks (RTX-i to RTX-v) and its folding is essential for CyaA’s functions. It was shown that the C-terminal capping structure of RTX-v is critical for the whole RTX to fold. However, it is unknown how the folding signal transmits within the RTX domain. Here we use optical tweezers to investigate the interplay between the folding of RTX-iv and RTX-v. Our results show that RTX-iv alone is disordered, but folds into a Ca2+-loaded-β-roll structure in the presence of a folded RTX-v. Folding trajectories of RTX-iv-v reveal that the folding of RTX-iv is strictly conditional upon the folding of RTX-v, suggesting that the folding of RTX-iv is templated by RTX-v. This templating effect allows RTX-iv to fold rapidly, and provides significant mutual stabilization. Our study reveals a possible mechanism for transmitting the folding signal within the RTX domain.
Production of a hybrid capacitive storage device via hydrogen gas and carbon electrodes coupling
Authors: Zhu Zhengxin , Liu Zaichun , Yin Yichen , Yuan Yuan , Meng Yahan , Jiang Taoli , Peng Qia , Wang Weiping , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional electric double-layer capacitors are energy storage devices with a high specific power and extended cycle life. However, the low energy content of this class of devices acts as a stumbling block to widespread adoption in the energy storage field. To circumvent the low-energy drawback of electric double-layer capacitors, here we report the assembly and testing of a hybrid device called electrocatalytic hydrogen gas capacitor containing a hydrogen gas negative electrode and a carbon-based positive electrode. This device operates using pH-universal aqueous electrolyte solutions (i.e., from 0 to 14) in a wide temperature range (i.e., from − 70 °C to 60 °C). In particular, we report specific energy and power of 45 Wh kg−1 and 458 W kg−1 (both values based on the electrodes’ active materials mass), respectively, at 1 A g−1 and 25 °C with 9 M H3PO4 electrolyte solution. The device also enables capacitance retention of 85% (final capacitance of about 114 F g−1) after 100,000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and 25 °C with 1 M phosphate buffer electrolyte solution.
Reactive halogens increase the global methane lifetime and radiative forcing in the 21st century
Authors: Li Qinyi , Fernandez Rafael P. , Hossaini Ryan , Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Cuevas Carlos A. , Apel Eric C. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean-François , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCH4is the most abundant reactive greenhouse gas and a complete understanding of its atmospheric fate is needed to formulate mitigation policies. Current chemistry-climate models tend to underestimate the lifetime of CH4, suggesting uncertainties in its sources and sinks. Reactive halogens substantially perturb the budget of tropospheric OH, the main CH4loss. However, such an effect of atmospheric halogens is not considered in existing climate projections of CH4burden and radiative forcing. Here, we demonstrate that reactive halogen chemistry increases the global CH4lifetime by 6–9% during the 21st century. This effect arises from significant halogen-mediated decrease, mainly by iodine and bromine, in OH-driven CH4loss that surpasses the direct Cl-induced CH4sink. This increase in CH4lifetime helps to reduce the gap between models and observations and results in a greater burden and radiative forcing during this century. The increase in CH4burden due to halogens (up to 700 Tg or 8% by 2100) is equivalent to the observed atmospheric CH4growth during the last three to four decades. Notably, the halogen-driven enhancement in CH4radiative forcing is 0.05 W/m2at present and is projected to increase in the future (0.06 W/m2by 2100); such enhancement equals ~10% of present-day CH4radiative forcing and one-third of N2O radiative forcing, the third-largest well-mixed greenhouse gas. Both direct (Cl-driven) and indirect (via OH) impacts of halogens should be included in future CH4projections.
RNA splicing is a key mediator of tumour cell plasticity and a therapeutic vulnerability in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hall Adam E. , Pohl Sebastian Öther-Gee , Cammareri Patrizia , Aitken Stuart , Younger Nicholas T. , Raponi Michela , Billard Caroline V. , Carrancio Alfonso Bolado , Bastem Aslihan , Freile Paz , Haward Fiona , Adams Ian R. , Caceres Javier F. , Preyzner Paula , von Kriegsheim Alex , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Din Farhat V. , Myant Kevin B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTumour cell plasticity is a major barrier to the efficacy of targeted cancer therapies but the mechanisms that mediate it are poorly understood. Here, we identify dysregulated RNA splicing as a key driver of tumour cell dedifferentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC). We find that Apc-deficient CRC cells have dysregulated RNA splicing machinery and exhibit global rewiring of RNA splicing. We show that the splicing factor SRSF1 controls the plasticity of tumour cells by controlling Kras splicing and is required for CRC invasion in a mouse model of carcinogenesis. SRSF1 expression maintains stemness in human CRC organoids and correlates with cancer stem cell marker expression in human tumours. Crucially, partial genetic downregulation of Srsf1 does not detrimentally affect normal tissue homeostasis, demonstrating that tumour cell plasticity can be differentially targeted. Thus, our findings link dysregulation of the RNA splicing machinery and control of tumour cell plasticity.
Kilometer-scale structure on the core–mantle boundary near Hawaii
Authors: Li Zhi , Leng Kuangdai , Jenkins Jennifer , Cottaar Sanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe lowermost mantle right above the core-mantle boundary is highly heterogeneous containing multiple poorly understood seismic features. The smallest but most extreme heterogeneities yet observed are ‘Ultra-Low Velocity Zones’ (ULVZ). We exploit seismic shear waves that diffract along the core-mantle boundary to provide new insight into these enigmatic structures. We measure a rare core-diffracted signal refracted by a ULVZ at the base of the Hawaiian mantle plume at unprecedentedly high frequencies. This signal shows remarkably longer time delays at higher compared to lower frequencies, indicating a pronounced internal variability inside the ULVZ. Utilizing the latest computational advances in 3D waveform modeling, here we show that we are able to model this high-frequency signal and constrain high-resolution ULVZ structure on the scale of kilometers, for the first time. This new observation suggests a chemically distinct ULVZ with increasing iron content towards the core-mantle boundary, which has implications for Earth’s early evolutionary history and core-mantle interaction.
Scalable super hygroscopic polymer films for sustainable moisture harvesting in arid environments
Authors: Guo Youhong , Guan Weixin , Lei Chuxin , Lu Hengyi , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtracting ubiquitous atmospheric water is a sustainable strategy to enable decentralized access to safely managed water but remains challenging due to its limited daily water output at low relative humidity (≤30% RH). Here, we report super hygroscopic polymer films (SHPFs) composed of renewable biomasses and hygroscopic salt, exhibiting high water uptake of 0.64–0.96 g g−1 at 15–30% RH. Konjac glucomannan facilitates the highly porous structures with enlarged air-polymer interfaces for active moisture capture and water vapor transport. Thermoresponsive hydroxypropyl cellulose enables phase transition at a low temperature to assist the release of collected water via hydrophobic interactions. With rapid sorption-desorption kinetics, SHPFs operate 14–24 cycles per day in arid environments, equivalent to a water yield of 5.8–13.3 L kg−1. Synthesized via a simple casting method using sustainable raw materials, SHPFs highlight the potential for low-cost and scalable atmospheric water harvesting technology to mitigate the global water crisis.
Addressing the quantitative conversion bottleneck in single-atom catalysis
Authors: Chen Zhongxin , Song Jingting , Zhang Rongrong , Li Runlai , Hu Qikun , Wei Pingping , Xi Shibo , Zhou Xin , Nguyen Phuc T. T. , Duong Hai M. , Lee Poh Seng , Zhao Xiaoxu , Koh Ming Joo , Yan Ning , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts (SACs) offer many advantages, such as atom economy and high chemoselectivity; however, their practical application in liquid-phase heterogeneous catalysis is hampered by the productivity bottleneck as well as catalyst leaching. Flow chemistry is a well-established method to increase the conversion rate of catalytic processes, however, SAC-catalysed flow chemistry in packed-bed type flow reactor is disadvantaged by low turnover number and poor stability. In this study, we demonstrate the use of fuel cell-type flow stacks enabled exceptionally high quantitative conversion in single atom-catalyzed reactions, as exemplified by the use of Pt SAC-on-MoS2/graphite felt catalysts incorporated in flow cell. A turnover frequency of approximately 8000 h−1 that corresponds to an aniline productivity of 5.8 g h−1 is achieved with a bench-top flow module (nominal reservoir volume of 1 cm3), with a Pt1-MoS2 catalyst loading of 1.5 g (3.2 mg of Pt). X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations provide insights into stability and reactivity of single atom Pt supported in a pyramidal fashion on MoS2. Our study highlights the quantitative conversion bottleneck in SAC-mediated fine chemicals production can be overcome using flow chemistry.
From radial to unidirectional water pumping in zeta-potential modulated Nafion nanostructures
Authors: Esplandiu María J. , Reguera David , Romero-Guzmán Daniel , Gallardo-Moreno Amparo M. , Fraxedas Jordi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChemically propelled micropumps are promising wireless systems to autonomously drive fluid flows for many applications. However, many of these systems are activated by nocuous chemical fuels, cannot operate at high salt concentrations, or have difficulty for controlling flow directionality. In this work we report on a self-driven polymer micropump fueled by salt which can trigger both radial and unidirectional fluid flows. The micropump is based on the cation-exchanger Nafion, which produces chemical gradients and local electric fields capable to trigger interfacial electroosmotic flows. Unidirectional pumping is predicted by simulations and achieved experimentally by nanostructuring Nafion into microarrays with a fine tune modulation of surrounding surface zeta potentials. Nafion micropumps work in a wide range of salt concentrations, are reusable, and can be fueled by different salt cations. We demonstrate that they work with the common water-contaminant cadmium, using the own capture of this ion as fuel to drive fluid pumping. Thus, this system has potential for efficient and fast water purification strategies for environmental remediation. Unidirectional Nafion pumps also hold promise for effective analyte delivery or preconcentration for (bio)sensing assays.
Target receptor identification and subsequent treatment of resected brain tumors with encapsulated and engineered allogeneic stem cells
Authors: Bhere Deepak , Choi Sung Hugh , van de Donk Pim , Hope David , Gortzak Kiki , Kunnummal Amina , Khalsa Jasneet , Revai Lechtich Esther , Reinshagen Clemens , Leon Victoria , Nissar Nabil , Bi Wenya Linda , Feng Cheng , Li Hongbin , Zhang Yu Shrike , Liang Steven H. , Vasdev Neil , Essayed Walid Ibn , Quevedo Pablo Valdes , Golby Alexandra , Banouni Naima , Palagina Anna , Abdi Reza , Fury Brian , Smirnakis Stelios , Lowe Alarice , Reeve Brock , Hiller Arthur , Chiocca E. Antonio , Prestwich Glenn , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Bauer Gerhard , Shah Khalid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCellular therapies offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the highly malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM). However, their clinical translation is limited by the lack of effective target identification and stringent testing in pre-clinical models that replicate standard treatment in GBM patients. In this study, we show the detection of cell surface death receptor (DR) target on CD146-enriched circulating tumor cells (CTC) captured from the blood of mice bearing GBM and patients diagnosed with GBM. Next, we developed allogeneic “off-the-shelf” clinical-grade bifunctional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCBif) expressing DR-targeted ligand and a safety kill switch. We show that biodegradable hydrogel encapsulated MSCBif (EnMSCBif) has a profound therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing patient-derived invasive, primary and recurrent GBM tumors following surgical resection. Activation of the kill switch enhances the efficacy of MSCBif and results in their elimination post-tumor treatment which can be tracked by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This study establishes a foundation towards a clinical trial of EnMSCBif in primary and recurrent GBM patients.
Analog–digital hybrid computing with SnS2 memtransistor for low-powered sensor fusion
Authors: Rehman Shania , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Kim Hee-Dong , Kim Sungho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlgorithms for intelligent drone flights based on sensor fusion are usually implemented using conventional digital computing platforms. However, alternative energy-efficient computing platforms are required for robust flight control in a variety of environments to reduce the burden on both the battery and computing power. In this study, we demonstrated an analog–digital hybrid computing platform based on SnS2 memtransistors for low-power sensor fusion in drones. The analog Kalman filter circuit with memtransistors facilitates noise removal to accurately estimate the rotation of the drone by combining sensing data from the gyroscope and accelerometer. We experimentally verified that the power consumption of our hybrid computing-based Kalman filter is only 1/4th of that of the traditional software-based Kalman filter.
Mapping the global opinion space to explain anti-vaccine attraction
Authors: Carpentras Dino , Lüders Adrian , Quayle Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVaccines save millions of lives every year. They are recommended by experts, trusted by the majority of people, and promoted by expensive health campaigns. Even so, people with neutral attitudes are more persuaded by people holding anti-vaccine than pro-vaccine attitudes. Our analysis of vaccine-related attitudes in more than 140 countries makes sense of this paradox by including approaches from social influence. Specifically, we show that neutral people are positioned closer to anti- than to pro-vaccine people in the opinion space, and therefore more persuadable by them. We use dynamic social simulations seeded with vaccine survey data, to show how this effect results in a drift towards anti-vaccine opinions. Linking this analysis to data from two other multi-country datasets, we found that countries in which the pro-vaccine people are less associated to the neutrals (and so less able to influence them) exhibit lower vaccination rates and stronger increase in distrust. We conclude our paper by showing how taking social influence into account in vaccine-related policy-making can possibly reduce waves of distrust towards vaccination.
Another operator-theoretical proof for the second-order phase transition in the BCS-Bogoliubov model of superconductivity
Authors: Watanabe Shuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the preceding papers, imposing certain complicated and strong conditions, the present author showed that the solution to the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation in superconductivity is twice differentiable only on the neighborhoods of absolute zero temperature and the transition temperature so as to show that the phase transition is of the second order from the viewpoint of operator theory. Instead, we impose a certain simple and weak condition in this paper, and show that there is a unique nonnegative solution and that the solution is indeed twice differentiable on a closed interval from a certain positive temperature to the transition temperature as well as pointing out several properties of the solution. We then give another operator-theoretical proof for the second-order phase transition in the BCS-Bogoliubov model. Since the thermodynamic potential has the squared solution in its form, we deal with the squared BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation. Here, the potential in the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation is a function and need not be a constant.