bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative 3D orientation analysis of particles and voids to differentiate hand-built pottery forming techniques using X-ray microtomography and neutron tomography
Authors: Gait John , Bajnok Katalin , Szilágyi Veronika , Szenti Imre , Kukovecz Ákos , Kis Zoltán 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article describes the quantitative analysis of the 3D orientation of objects (i.e. particles and voids) within pottery fabrics to differentiate two categories of pottery hand-building primary forming techniques, specifically percussion-building and coil-building, comparing the use of two independent non-destructive imaging modalities, X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) and neutron tomography (NT). For this purpose, series of experimental organic-tempered vessels and coil sections were analysed. For both imaging modalities, two separate systems were employed for quantitatively describing both the orientation of individual objects, as well as the collective preferential alignment of objects within samples, utilising respectively polar and azimuth angles within a spherical coordinate system, and projected sizes within a positive Cartesian coordinate system. While the former provided full descriptions of the orientations of objects within 3D space, the latter, through a ratio dubbed here the ‘Orientation Index’ (OI), gave a simple numerical value with which the investigated samples were differentiated according to forming technique. Both imaging modalities were able to differentiate between coil-built and percussion-built vessels with a high degree of confidence, with the strength of these findings additionally demonstrated through extensive statistical modelling using Monte Carlo simulations. Despite differences in resolution and differences in the attenuation of X-rays and neutrons, µ-CT and NT were shown to provide comparable results. The findings presented here broadly agree with earlier studies; however, the quantitative and three-dimensional nature of the results enables more subtle features to be identified, while additionally, in principle, the non-destructive nature of both imaging techniques facilitates such structural analysis without recourse to invasive sampling.
Attenuation of Mild Steel-Acid Corrosion Using Exfoliated Graphite Oxide-Polymer Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical, and Response Surface Method Approach
Authors: Raj Aishwarya , Kumari Preethi , Lavanya M. , Vishwanath T. , Suvarna Aishwarya M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work deals with the study of the anticorrosion behavior of a biopolymer, namely Guar Gum (GG) and its composite on mild steel (MS) in sulfamic acid (SA) solution using electrochemical techniques. GG was found to be a potential inhibitor relatively at its higher concentration and showed maximum inhibition efficiency (IE) of 74% at 3 g/L (3000 ppm). To improve its IE, exfoliated graphite oxide (xGO)/GG polymer composite was prepared, and its inhibition property was assessed in 1 M SA solution at different temperatures by weight loss method (WL). The chemical structure of xGO/GG polymer composite was examined by FT-IR, and the morphology was inspected by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy study, and energy dispersive spectroscopy technique. xGO/GG polymer composite emerged as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for MS as marked from the outcomes of the electrochemical investigations and showed improved IE of 93% at 0.6 g/L (600 ppm) when compared to GG. Experimental results found by WL measurements are used to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters at various temperatures. Further, a Box-Behnken composite design with three factors and three levels has been used to minimize the experimental conditions. The IE was enhanced with the increase in the inhibitor concentration as observed from the main effect plot. The maximum IE of 84.21% was projected by the response surface method (RSM) with temperature (A = 30 °C), inhibitor concentration (B = 600 ppm), and time (C = 1 h).
Assessment of mouthguards worn by Irish children playing contact sports: an observational cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Shore Elaine , O’Connell Anne C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic dental injuries occur during participation in sports. Prevention of these injuries by wearing a mouthguard (MG) is desirable, especially in a paediatric population. There are several types of MG available, and their effectiveness depends on device design. The aim of this study was to examine the features of MG worn by children playing a contact sport (Gaelic football), and to determine whether these MG fulfilled recommendations for adequate dentoalveolar protection.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational cohort study design was developed. Dentists were trained and calibrated in assessing MGs, both qualitatively (retention, extension, integrity) and quantitatively (thickness). A convenience sample of male and female subjects aged 9–16 years was selected for MG assessment via their sports clubs. Data were collected anonymously and analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics.

Results
One hundred and six children presented with their MG for assessment. Two-thirds were wearing mouth-formed MG (N = 71, 66.96%). Only four were wearing custom MG (3.77%). Most MG had inadequate retention (N = 86, 81.13%) and labial extension (N = 89, 83.96%), with a significant relationship between MG type and retention. Mouthguard thickness varied widely at each site. Mouth-formed MG were significantly thicker than both stock and custom MG.

Conclusions
Mouth-formed MG were the most common type followed by stock MG. Most MG did not have appropriate retention or labial extension. Parents and coaches need to be aware of MG features that maximise protection. If mouth-formed MG are provided in this age group, education on how to adapt them is essential. Paediatric dentists should check MG routinely for appropriate fit.
Understanding and Control of Activation Process of Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Lin Tongen , Seaby Trent , Hu Yuxiang , Ding Shanshan , Liu Ying , Luo Bin , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium-rich materials (LRMs) are among the most promising cathode materials toward next-generation Li-ion batteries due to their extraordinary specific capacity of over 250 mAh g−1 and high energy density of over 1 000 Wh kg−1. The superior capacity of LRMs originates from the activation process of the key active component Li2MnO3. This process can trigger reversible oxygen redox, providing extra charge for more Li-ion extraction. However, such an activation process is kinetically slow with complex phase transformations. To address these issues, tremendous effort has been made to explore the mechanism and origin of activation, yet there are still many controversies. Despite considerable strategies that have been proposed to improve the performance of LRMs, in-depth understanding of the relationship between the LRMs’ preparation and their activation process is limited. To inspire further research on LRMs, this article firstly systematically reviews the progress in mechanism studies and performance improving attempts. Then, guidelines for activation controlling strategies, including composition adjustment, elemental substitution and chemical treatment, are provided for the future design of Li-rich cathode materials. Based on these investigations, recommendations on Li-rich materials with precisely controlled Mn/Ni/Co composition, multi-elemental substitution and oxygen vacancy engineering are proposed for designing high-performance Li-rich cathode materials with fast and stable activation processes.
Graphical abstract
The “Troika” of composition adjustment, elemental substitution, and chemical treatment can drive the Li-rich cathode towards stabilized and accelerated activation.
Climate change vulnerability and smallholder farmers’ adaptive responses in the semi-arid Far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Njoya Hamza Moluh , Matavel Custodio Efraim , Msangi Haji Athumani , Wouapi Hervé Alain Napi , Löhr Katharina , Sieber Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change and variability contribute to exacerbating poverty and social unrest in poor countries. Therefore, it becomes important to assess vulnerability and adaptation measures to raise awareness and monitoring of climate change adaptation policy for better decision-making. This research examines how farmers perceive their vulnerability and how they respond to climate change in the semi-arid Far North Region of Cameroon. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, data on perceptions with regards to vulnerability and adaptation responses to climate change related hazards were collected based on expert opinions, individual farmers’ interviews, and focus group discussion. The qualitative data were triangulated with direct observations in the field. The results reveal that farmers are mostly concerned about drought and decrease in rainfall. Thus, they have mainly implemented behavioral and locally-made options such as short-cycle varieties, terrace farming, half-moon, and bunds, among others, to overcome water shortages. Nevertheless, these measures were not solely driven by vulnerability; the socioeconomic context might play a role. Moreover, farmers perceive a limited capacity to adapt to climate change, which suggests that the government and policy-makers should focus, not only on implementing planned adaptation strategies, but also on the improvement and promotion of farmers’ autonomous adaptation strategies.
STM study on the vortex states and Majorana zero-modes in FeSe-based high-Tc superconductors
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Chen , Zhang Tianzhen , Zhang Tong , Feng Donglai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Majorana fermions/quasi-particles obey non-Abelian statistics and play an essential role in topological quantum computing. Theoretically, they can be realized as a zero-energy excitation in the vortex core of topological superconductors, called Majorana zero mode (MZM). However, the coexisting low-energy bound states in vortex cores often bring difficulties for identifying MZM. In this review, we summarized recent STM studies on the vortex states of electron-doped FeSe-based superconductors such as (Li,Fe)OHFeSe and single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3. Zero-bias conductance peaks (ZBCP) are observed in the unpinned vortex cores of (Li,Fe)OHFeSe. It displays nearly quantized conductance and distinct spatial distributions with respect to nonzero bound states, which indicates their nontrivial origin. Meanwhile, single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 film only has conventional Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) bound states without zero-energy mode, reflecting the characteristics of s-wave superconductor. These results not only provide strong evidence of MZM, but also shed light on its origin in FeSe-based superconductors.
Distribution of daily protein intake across meals and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Estrada-deLeón Daniela B. , Struijk Ellen A. , Caballero Francisco Félix , Yévenes-Briones Humberto , Banegas José Ramón , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lopez-Garcia Esther 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent findings suggest that the distribution of protein intake throughout the day has an impact on various health outcomes in older adults, independently of the amount consumed. We evaluated the association between the distribution of dietary protein intake across meals and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Data from 3225 older adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort were examined. Habitual dietary protein consumption was collected in 2008–2010 and in 2012 through a validated diet history. Protein distribution across meals was calculated for each participant as the coefficient of variation (CV) of protein intake per meal, in sex-specific tertiles. Vital status was obtained from the National Death Index up to 30 January 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the hazard ratios (HR) and their 95 % CI for the association between the distribution of daily protein intake across meals and all-cause mortality. Over a median follow-up of 10·6 years, 591 deaths occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, the CV of total protein intake was not associated with all-cause mortality (HR and 95 % CI in the second and third tertile v. the lowest tertile: 0·94 (0·77, 1·15) and 0·88 (0·72, 1·08); Ptrend = 0·22). Similarly, the HR of all-cause mortality when comparing extreme tertiles of CV for types of protein were 0·89 (0·73, 1·10) for animal-protein intake and 1·02 (0·82, 1·25) for plant-protein intake. Dietary protein distribution across meals was not associated with all-cause mortality, regardless of protein source and amount, among older adults. Further studies should investigate whether this picture holds for specific causes of death.
A narrative review on food neophobia throughout the lifespan: relationships with dietary behaviours and interventions to reduce it
Authors: Karaağaç Yasemin , Bellikci-Koyu Ezgi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood neophobia is defined as the unwillingness to taste new foods and the avoidance of unfamiliar foods. This eating behaviour is a complex issue, and both genetic and environmental factors play a role in it. The aim of this review is to understand its relationships with dietary behaviours throughout the lifespan and to examine the impact of interventions on food neophobia. A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases. As a result of the screening, a total of 139 studies, seven of which were intervention studies, were included in this review. According to current evidence, food neophobia is negatively associated with the acceptance of not only novel/unfamiliar foods but also familiar foods. Many studies have shown that food neophobia is negatively associated with the hedonics and consumption of core foods, especially vegetables and fruits. Individuals with higher levels of food neophobia are less familiar with many foods, but familiarity is a prominent motivator in food choices for these individuals. Therefore, it may be considered a barrier limiting diet quality and this trend is similar for both children and adults. However, food neophobia is not an unchangeable personality trait. Intervention studies have pointed out that educational programmes and food-related activities that increase familiarity and exposure to foods and create positive attitudes towards and positive experiences with foods can reduce food neophobia. The results highlight that people with high food neophobia need more support to improve their diets and the quality of dietary behaviour.
PRECLASSIC PLACEMAKING AT YAXNOHCAH, MEXICO: A VIEW FROM THE GRAZIA AND HELENA COMPLEXES
Authors: Vázquez López Verónica A. , Reese-Taylor Kathryn , Flores Esquivel F.C. Atasta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArchaeological excavations at Yaxnohcah have revealed a long sequence of sedentary occupation, from 1000 b.c. to a.d. 1400, with dynamic periods of growth occurring during the Middle (1000–400 b.c.) and Late Preclassic (400 b.c.–a.d. 200). Two of these complexes, Grazia and Helena, serve as case studies that reveal the transformative processes of this period, illustrating site evolution on a larger scale. The Grazia platform probably began as a residential area in the Middle Preclassic and acquired an increasingly public character throughout subsequent modifications, culminating in the construction of a triadic temple platform and a ballcourt. A long sequence of fire rituals and altars show the importance of the Grazia complex as a center for collective ritual. Helena also features Middle Preclassic domestic constructions, but was transformed into a ballcourt platform during the transition to the Late Preclassic. Both cases show that Yaxnohcah was founded as a widespread, loosely integrated settlement in the Middle Preclassic and evolved into a formally and centralized network of communities with their respective nodal centers in the Late Preclassic period. Placemaking and the rise of monumentality played an important role in this transformation and reflect the particular forms of community integration.
MIDDLE PRECLASSIC HYDRAULIC PLANNING AT NIXTUN-CH'ICH', PETEN, GUATEMALA
Authors: Pugh Timothy W. , Rice Prudence M. , Chan Nieto Evelyn M. , Meranda Marie L. , Milley David S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNixtun-Ch'ich', on the western edge of Lake Peten Itza in Peten, northern Guatemala, features an axis urbis and an urban grid dating to the Middle Preclassic period (800–500 b.c.). New research reveals that Middle Preclassic constructions—five circular or oval artificial pools and planned surface drainage—facilitated or impeded the movement of water. Large limestone rubble lines at least two of the pools (aguadas) in the city's core; two pools lie on the axis urbis, demonstrating that they were central ceremonial constructions. The gridded streets facilitated drainage: they consistently slope from west to east and from the center to north and south. In some areas seeing intense water flow, the streets divide into waterways and pedestrian-ways and/or were given special paving. Many scholars argue that water management contributed to the power of despotic kings, but no evidence of such rulers exists among the Middle Preclassic Maya. Nonetheless, we believe that such systems emerged in the Middle Preclassic. Nixtun-Ch'ich' appears to have been cooperative in its organization and its water management system was a public good.
New Insights Into Cyclone Impacts on Sea Ice in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean in Winter
Authors: Aue Lars , Vihma Timo , Uotila Petteri , Rinke Annette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on the ERA5 reanalysis, we report on statistically significant impacts of transient cyclones on sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter under “New Arctic” conditions (2000–2020). This includes a pattern of reduced SIC prior to and during cyclones for the whole study domain, while a regional difference between increased SIC in the Barents Sea and reduced SIC in the Greenland Sea is found as the net effect from 3 days prior to 5 days after the cyclone passage. Generally, locally low to medium SIC conditions combined with intense cyclones drive highest SIC changes. There are indications that both thermodynamic and dynamic effects contribute to the SIC changes, but a detailed quantification is required in future research. We provide evidence that cyclone impacts on SIC have amplified compared to the “Old Arctic” (1979–1999), particularly in the Barents Sea.
Pathways of Influence Between Northern Hemisphere Blocking and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Variability
Authors: Yessimbet Kamilya , Shepherd Theodore G. , Ossó Albert C. , Steiner Andrea K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe apply a causal inference‐based framework to test and quantify previously suggested causal relationships between Northern Hemisphere blocking, upward wave‐activity fluxes and stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) variability using reanalysis data. We show that the influence of blocking on the polar vortex is entirely mediated by upward wave‐activity fluxes, as the classical view would suggest. However, the causal pathway is not completely straightforward. In contrast to the vortex‐weakening effect of European blocking, the vortex‐strengthening effect of west Pacific blocking on lower stratospheric wave‐activity fluxes is only partially mediated by upper tropospheric wave‐activity fluxes. In addition, only two‐thirds of the effect of upper tropospheric wave‐activity fluxes on polar vortex variability is mediated by lower stratospheric wave‐activity fluxes. We also show that sudden stratospheric warmings are not entirely explainable in terms of upward wave‐activity fluxes. These findings help clarify the pathways of influence between blocking and SPV variability.
Downgoing Plate‐Buoyancy Driven Retreat of North Sulawesi Trench: Transition of a Passive Margin Into a Subduction Zone
Authors: Dong Miao , Lü ChuanChuan , Zhang Jian , Hao Tianyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transition of a passive continental margin into a subduction zone remains a hypothesis because few geological cases have been reported. The North Sulawesi subduction zone is a 5–9 myr system in Southeast Asia that has evolved from a passive continental margin and has long been overlooked by studies of passive to active margin transitions. Here we compare geophysical evidence from the region with our numerical simulation results. We find that the initial subduction of North Sulawesi relies on horizontal stress, where the trench retreat depends on the negative buoyancy of the oceanic lithosphere. Furthermore, less space available for subduction leads to reduced mantle flow caused by subduction and slower trench retreat. These new dynamical constraints indicate that the negative buoyancy of the oceanic plate is a key factor for the trench retreat, even though subduction initiated was induced.
Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics
Authors: Ivaškevičiūtė-Povilauskienė Rusnė , Kizevičius Paulius , Nacius Ernestas , Jokubauskis Domas , Ikamas Kęstutis , Lisauskas Alvydas , Alexeeva Natalia , Matulaitienė Ieva , Jukna Vytautas , Orlov Sergej , Minkevičius Linas , Valušis Gintaras 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStructured light – electromagnetic waves with a strong spatial inhomogeneity of amplitude, phase, and polarization – has occupied far-reaching positions in both optical research and applications. Terahertz (THz) waves, due to recent innovations in photonics and nanotechnology, became so robust that it was not only implemented in a wide variety of applications such as communications, spectroscopic analysis, and non-destructive imaging, but also served as a low-cost and easily implementable experimental platform for novel concept illustration. In this work, we show that structured nonparaxial THz light in the form of Airy, Bessel, and Gaussian beams can be generated in a compact way using exclusively silicon diffractive optics prepared by femtosecond laser ablation technology. The accelerating nature of the generated structured light is demonstrated via THz imaging of objects partially obscured by an opaque beam block. Unlike conventional paraxial approaches, when a combination of a lens and a cubic phase (or amplitude) mask creates a nondiffracting Airy beam, we demonstrate simultaneous lensless nonparaxial THz Airy beam generation and its application in imaging system. Images of single objects, imaging with a controllable placed obstacle, and imaging of stacked graphene layers are presented, revealing hence potential of the approach to inspect quality of 2D materials. Structured nonparaxial THz illumination is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with appropriate extensive benchmarks. The structured THz illumination consistently outperforms the conventional one in resolution and contrast, thus opening new frontiers of structured light applications in imaging and inverse scattering problems, as it enables sophisticated estimates of optical properties of the investigated structures.