bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into bovine besnoitiosis (Besnoitia besnoiti) in an Irish pedigree Aberdeen Angus herd
Authors: Rhodes Victoria , Hayes Ciara J. , Sánchez‐Miguel Cosme , O'Donovan James , Ryan Eoin G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis case report describes the investigation of the first outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis in a beef/suckler herd in Ireland. Infection with Besnoitia besnoiti was suspected by the attending veterinarian following clinical examination of a chronically affected cow with areas of alopecia and marked skin thickening. Diagnosis of besnoitiosis was confirmed by Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory based on histopathology of skin biopsies. Subsequent serological investigation using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay testing revealed a 17.8% seroprevalence within the herd, with 33% of adult cows seropositive. A clinical whole‐herd investigation found an overall clinical prevalence of besnoitiosis of 38.8%, based on the presence of sclerocysts and/or vulval cysts. There was poor agreement between serological and clinical findings. In contrast to serological findings, 83.8% of 18‐month‐old heifers and bulls had sclerocysts. Due to the high prevalence of besnoitiosis and the challenges of controlling spread, this pedigree herd was discontinued by the farmer.
Subcellular delivery of lipid nanoparticles to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Authors: Shi Yingying , Luo Zhenyu , You Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimarily responsible for the biogenesis and metabolism of biomolecules, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are gradually becoming the targets of therapeutic modulation, whose physiological activities and pathological manifestations determine the functional capacity and even the survival of cells. Drug delivery systems with specific physicochemical properties (passive targeting), or modified by small molecular compounds, polypeptides, and biomembranes demonstrating tropism for ER and mitochondria (active targeting) are able to reduce the nonselective accumulation of drugs, enhancing efficacy while reducing side effects. Lipid nanoparticles feature high biocompatibility, diverse cargo loading, and flexible structure modification, which are frequently used for subcellular organelle‐targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of lipid nanoparticle‐based ER and mitochondria targeting. Herein, we review the pathological significance of drug selectively delivered to the ER and mitochondria. We also summarize the molecular basis and application prospects of lipid nanoparticle‐based ER and mitochondria targeting strategies, which may provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases and disorders.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Dynamics of matter and energy
Authors: Krivtsov Anton M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose and examine a potential analogy between mass transfer (in space) and energy transfer (in solids). We adapt classical equations of matter dynamics to describe the dynamics of energy transfer. Such fundamental quantities as the effective mass, momentum, moment of inertia and other quantities typical for bodies of matter are introduced for “bodies” of energy. Along with this, two new concepts of “carrier” and “phantom” are proposed. A carrier is a medium which enables energy transfer. A phantom is a virtual body of matter having its mass distribution equivalent to the energy distribution in the carrier. Using an inhomogeneous chain of particles as a sample system, we show that the phantom motion satisfies the Newton's second law of dynamics. For certain systems, we derive constitutive equations for the net force, which results in a closed system of dynamics equations. We further show that with the relevant properties of the chain it is possible to obtain the dynamics equation for the phantom motion in a gravitational field. We use similar methods to study energy dispersion. To analyze phantom evolution, we introduce the velocities of phantom transfer and dispersion. We show that, depending on the ratio of these velocities, the phantom can behave either as a wave or as a particle.Furthermore, we discuss potential application of energy dynamics to other branches of physics, such as quantum mechanics, electrodynamics and general relativity. We introduce the idea that a body of matter itself can be a phantom in some other carrier, which is a different entity than matter. Possible associations of the phantom/carrier model with current models of physical space are discussed. Based on the presented concept, we propose plausible qualitative answers to several open questions in modern physics.
Risk factors for concomitant positive midstream urine culture in patients presenting with symptomatic ureterolithiasis
Authors: Grossmann Nico C. , Schuettfort Victor M. , Betschart Jeannine , Becker Anton S. , Hermanns Thomas , Keller Etienne X. , Fankhauser Christian D. , Kranzbühler Benedikt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn patients with symptomatic ureterolithiasis, immediate treatment of concomitant urinary tract infection (UTI) may prevent sepsis. However, urine cultures require at least 24 h to confirm or exclude UTI, and therefore, clinical variables may help to identify patients who require immediate empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical intervention. Therefore, we divided a consecutive cohort of 705 patients diagnosed with symptomatic ureterolithiasis at a single institution between 2011 and 2017 into a training (80%) and a testing cohort (20%). A machine-learning-based variable selection approach was used for the fitting of a multivariable prognostic logistic regression model. The discriminatory ability of the model was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver-operating curves (ROC). After validation and calibration of the model, a nomogram was created, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical net-benefit. UTI was observed in 40 patients (6%). LASSO regression selected the variables elevated serum CRP, positive nitrite, and positive leukocyte esterase for fitting of the model with the highest discriminatory ability. In the testing cohort, model performance evaluation for prediction of UTI showed an AUC of 82 (95% CI 71.5–95.7%). Model calibration plots showed excellent calibration. DCA showed a clinically meaningful net-benefit between a threshold probability of 0 and 80% for the novel model, which was superior to the net-benefit provided by either one of its singular components. In conclusion, we developed and internally validated a logistic regression model and a corresponding highly accurate nomogram for prediction of concomitant positive midstream urine culture in patients presenting with symptomatic ureterolithiasis.
Hybrid Methods for Computing the Streamfunction and Velocity Potential for Complex Flow Fields over Mesoscale Domains
Authors: Cao Jie , Xu Qin , Chen Haishan , Ma Shuping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree types of previously used numerical methods are revisited for computing the streamfunction ψ and velocity potential χ from the horizontal velocity v in limited domains. The first type, called the SOR-based method, uses a classical successive over-relaxation (SOR) scheme to compute ψ (or χ) first with an arbitrary boundary condition (BC) and then χ (or ψ) with the BC derived from ν. The second type, called the spectral method, uses spectral formulations to construct the inner part of (ψ, χ)—the inversion of (vorticity, divergence) with a homogeneous BC, and then the remaining harmonic part of (ψ, χ) with BCs from ν. The third type, called the integral method, uses integral formulas to compute the internally induced (ψ, χ)—the inversion of domain-internal (vorticity, divergence) using the free-space Green’s function without BCs and then the remaining harmonic ψ (or χ) with BCs from v minus the internally-induced part. Although these methods have previously been successfully applied to flows in large-scale and synoptic-scale domains, their accuracy is compromised when applied to complex flows over mesoscale domains, as shown in this paper. To resolve this problem, two hybrid approaches, the integral-SOR method and the integral-spectral method, are developed by combining the first step of the integral method with the second step adopted from the SOR-based and spectral methods, respectively. Upon testing these methods on real-case complex flows, the integral-SOR method is significantly more accurate than the integral-spectral method, noting that the latter is still generally more accurate than the three previously-used methods. The integral-SOR method is recommended for future applications and diagnostic studies of complex flows.
Morphological and hemispheric and sex differences of the anterior ascending ramus and the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus
Authors: Wang Yu , Xu Feifei , Zhou Wenjuan , Hou Lanwei , Tang Yuchun , Liu Shuwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBroca’s area is composed of the pars opercularis (PO) and the pars triangularis (PTR) of the inferior frontal gyrus; the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (aals) separates the PO from the PTR, and the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (hals) separates the PTR from the pars orbitalis. The morphometry of these two sulci maybe has potential effects on the various functions of Broca’s area. Exploring the morphological variations, hemispheric differences and sex differences of these two sulci contributed to a better localization of Broca's area. BrainVISA was used to reconstruct and parameterize these two sulci based on data from 3D MR images of 90 healthy right-handed subjects. The 3D anatomic morphologies of these two sulci were investigated using 4 sulcal parameters: average depth (AD), average width (AW), outer length (OL) and inner length (IL). The aals and hals could be identified in 98.89% and 98.33%, respectively, of the hemispheres evaluated. The morphological patterns of these two sulci were categorized into four typical types. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric or sex differences in the frequency of the morphological patterns. There was statistically significant interhemispheric difference in the IL of the aals. Significant sex differences were found in the AD and the IL of the aals and OL of the hals. Our results not only provide a structural basis for functional studies related to Broca’s area but also are helpful in determining the precise position of Broca’s area in neurosurgery.
Clinical Predictors of Dysphagia Recovery After Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: D’Netto Pamela , Rumbach Anna , Dunn Katrina , Finch Emma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOropharyngeal dysphagia is common post-stroke and can have serious consequences for patients. Understanding dysphagia recovery is critically important to inform prognostication and support patients and professionals with care planning. This systematic review was undertaken to identify clinical predictors of dysphagia recovery post-stroke. Online databases (EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched for studies reporting longitudinal swallowing recovery in adults post-stroke. Dysphagia recovery was defined as improvement measured on a clinical swallowing scale or upgrade in oral and/or enteral feeding status by the end of the follow-up period. The search strategy returned 6598 studies from which 87 studies went through full-text screening, and 19 studies were included that met the eligibility criteria. Age, airway compromise identified on instrumental assessment, dysphagia severity, bilateral lesions, and stroke severity were identified as predictors of persistent dysphagia and negative recovery in multiple logistic regression analysis. The available literature was predominated by retrospective data, and comparison of outcomes was limited by methodological differences across the studies in terms of the choice of assessment, measure of recovery, and period of follow-up. Future prospective research is warranted with increased representation of haemorrhagic strokes and uniform use of standardized scales of swallowing function.
The effect of varying degrees of stenosis on transition to turbulence in oscillatory flows
Authors: Jain Kartik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany complications in physiology are associated with a deviation in flow in arteries due to a stenosis. The presence of stenosis may transition the flow to weak turbulence. The degree of stenosis as well as its configuration whether symmetric or non-symmetric to the parent artery influences whether the flow would stay laminar or transition to turbulence. Plenty of research efforts focus on investigating the role of varying degrees of stenosis in the onset of turbulence under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. None of the studies, however, have focused on investigating this under oscillatory flow conditions as flow reversal is a major occurrence in a number of physiologic flows, and is of particular relevance in cerebrospinal fluid flow research. Following up on the previous work in which a $$75\%$$

75
%

stenosis was studied, this contribution is a detailed investigation of the role of degrees of stenosis on transition in an oscillatory flow. A cylindrical pipe with $$25\%$$

25
%

, $$50\%$$

50
%

and $$60\%$$

60
%

reductions in area in axisymmetric and eccentric configurations is studied for transition with 3 different pulsation frequencies of a purely oscillatory flow. Cycle averaged Reynolds numbers between 1800 and 2100 in steps of 100 are studied for each configuration resulting in 72 simulations each conducted on 76,800 CPU cores of a modern supercomputer. It is found that a higher degree of stenosis and eccentricity causes earlier transition to turbulence in oscillatory flow. The results further demonstrate that a higher frequency of oscillation results in larger hydrodynamic instability in the flow, which is more prominent in smaller degrees of stenosis.
Developments in proton MR spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Stamatelatou Angeliki , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we review the developments of 1H-MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) methods designed to investigate prostate cancer, covering key aspects such as specific hardware, dedicated pulse sequences for data acquisition and data processing and quantification techniques. Emphasis is given to recent advancements in MRSI methodologies, as well as future developments, which can lead to overcome difficulties associated with commonly employed MRSI approaches applied in clinical routine. This includes the replacement of standard PRESS sequences for volume selection, which we identified as inadequate for clinical applications, by sLASER sequences and implementation of 1H MRSI without water signal suppression. These may enable a new evaluation of the complementary role and significance of MRSI in prostate cancer management.
Toward AI Governance: Identifying Best Practices and Potential Barriers and Outcomes
Authors: Papagiannidis Emmanouil , Enholm Ida Merete , Dremel Chirstian , Mikalef Patrick , Krogstie John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has been seen as a technology with tremendous potential for enabling companies to gain an operational and competitive advantage. However, despite the use of AI, businesses continue to face challenges and are unable to immediately realize performance gains. Furthermore, firms need to introduce robust AI systems and mitigate AI risks, which emphasizes the importance of creating suitable AI governance practices. This study, explores how AI governance is applied to promote the development of robust AI applications that do not introduce negative effects, based on a comparative case analysis of three firms in the energy sector. The study illustrates which practices are placed to produce knowledge that assists with decision making while at the same time overcoming barriers with recommended actions leading to desired outcomes. The study contributes by exploring the main dimensions relevant to AI’s governance in organizations and by uncovering the practices that underpin them.
Parent-reported atypical development in the first year of life and age of autism diagnosis
Authors: Waddington Hannah , Macaskill Ella , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Billingham Wesley , Alvares Gail A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether parent-reported atypical development in their child’s first year was associated with age of diagnosis and age when parents first needed to consult a specialist about their child’s development. It involved 423 children who participated in the Australian Autism Biobank. Most parents retrospectively identified ≥ 1 domain of atypical child development. Atypical development in most domains was associated with an earlier age when parents felt specialist consultation was needed. Atypical development in the “gaze abnormalities”, “lack of response to social stimuli”, and “no social communication” subdomains within the social domain was associated with an earlier age of diagnosis, as was atypical development in the “hypo/hypersensitivity” and “preoccupation with parts of objects” subdomains within the stereotyped/restricted behavior domain.
High School Math and Motivation for autistic students
Authors: Cooper Michael , Farkas George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnalyzing data from students in the NCES High School Longitudinal Study dataset, we drew upon expectancy-value theory to examine the role of student motivation (measured by self-efficacy, identity, utility, and interest), as mediators between 9th grade math test scores and final math GPA for autistic students. In predicting final high school math GPA, math identity was the strongest predictor for autistic students with above average test scores. Findings for autistic students contrast with results for non-autistic students whose final math GPA is strongly predicted by the direct effects of 9th grade test scores. These results suggest that seeing oneself as a “math person” may be particularly influential for autistic students with higher 9th grade math performance.
Williams syndrome: reduced orienting to other’s eyes in a hypersocial phenotype
Authors: Kleberg Johan Lundin , Riby Deborah , Fawcett Christine , Björlin Avdic Hanna , Frick Matilda A. , Brocki Karin C. , Högström Jens , Serlachius Eva , Nordgren Ann , Willfors Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition associated with high sociability, intellectual disability, and social cognitive challenges. Attention to others’ eyes is crucial for social understanding. Orienting to, and from other’s eyes was studied in WS (n = 37, mean age = 23, age range 9–53). The WS group was compared to a typically developing comparison participants (n = 167) in stratified age groups from infancy to adulthood. Typically developing children and adults were quicker and more likely to orient to eyes than the mouth. This bias was absent in WS. The WS group had reduced peak saccadic velocities, indicating hypo-arousal. The current study indicates reduced orienting to others’ eyes in WS, which may affect social interaction skills.
A Digital Twin Framework for Environmental Sensing with sUAS
Authors: Hollenbeck Derek , Chen YangQuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a digital twin (DT) framework for point source applications in environmental sensing (ES). The DT concept has become quite popular among process and manufacturing industries for improving performance and estimating remaining useful life (RUL). However, environmental behavior, such as in gas dispersion, is ever changing and hard to model in real-time. The DT framework is applied to the point source environmental monitoring problem, through the use of hybrid modeling and optimization techniques. A controlled release case study is overviewed to illustrate our proposed DT framework and several spatial interpolation techniques are explored for source estimation. Future research efforts and directions are discussed.
Together Yet Apart: Remedies for Tensions Between Volunteers and Health Care Professionals in Inter-professional Collaboration
Authors: von Schnurbein Georg , Hollenstein Eva , Arnold Nicholas , Liberatore Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile volunteering is an essential factor in service delivery in many societal areas, the inclusion of volunteers in formal settings can also lead to tensions. In this article, we combine the literature on volunteering and inter-professional collaboration (IPC) to elaborate a framework regarding remedies for tensions between professional staff and volunteers within IPC in health care provision to ensure successful collaboration. Using a dyadic survey design to interview volunteers and volunteer managers, we show that the perspectives of volunteers and volunteer managers on the antecedents of effective IPC differ in paradoxical ways. While volunteer managers apply organizational logic concerning tasks and processes to avoid tensions, volunteers seek solutions on a relational basis. However, rather than trying to resolve these paradoxes, our study indicates that carefully managing tensions arising between volunteers and professional staff may be more successful than trying to resolve all tensions.
Toxicity impacts in the environmental footprint method: calculation principles
Authors: Sala Serenella , Biganzoli Fabrizio , Mengual Esther Sanye , Saouter Erwan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The EU environmental footprint (EF) is a life cycle assessment (LCA)-based method which aims at assessing the environmental impacts of products and organisations through 16 midpoint impact categories, among which three address toxicity-related impacts. This paper presents the principles underpinning the calculation of the set of characterisation factors (CFs) for the toxicity-related impact categories in the EF version 3.0: freshwater ecotoxicity (ECOTOX), human toxicity cancer (HTOX_c) and human toxicity non-cancer (HTOX_nc).

Methods
In order to respond to the issues that emerged during the EF pilot phase, the input data and the calculation principles of the USEtox® model were updated. In particular, (i) robustness factors (RFs) were introduced to reduce the dominance of metals and to balance the lackness of a robust fate modelling for non-organic compounds in USEtox®; (ii) high-quality data were selected from databases of EU agencies (European Chemicals Agency and European Food Safety Authority) to guarantee the transparency and the reliability of input data; and (iii) a new approach based on HC20 (hazard concentration killing 20% of the exposed population) was implemented to derive freshwater ecotoxicity effect factors (EfF).

Results and discussion
The new approach increased the number of characterised chemicals in the three impact categories: ECOTOX (6038 chemicals, + 140%), HTOX_c (1024 chemicals, + 70%) and HTOX_nc (3317 chemicals, + 660%). Moreover, specific derivation principles were defined for assigning CFs also to relevant groups of chemicals (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and specific strategies were implemented to better align LCA toxicity data with data used for risk assessment purposes.

Conclusions
The new set of CFs was calculated to ensure a broader coverage of characterised chemicals and to overcome some limitations of the USEtox® model identified during the environmental footprint pilot phase.