bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Duration High Frequency MegaHertz‐Order Nanomechanostimulation Drives Early and Persistent Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ambattu Lizebona August , Gelmi Amy , Yeo Leslie Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStem cell fate can be directed through the application of various external physical stimuli, enabling a controlled approach to targeted differentiation. Studies involving the use of dynamic mechanical cues driven by vibrational excitation to date have, however, been limited to low frequency (Hz to kHz) forcing over extended durations (typically continuous treatment for >7 days). Contrary to previous assertions that there is little benefit in applying frequencies beyond 1 kHz, we show here that high frequency MHz‐order mechanostimulation in the form of nanoscale amplitude surface reflected bulk waves are capable of triggering differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from various donor sources toward an osteoblast lineage, with early, short time stimuli inducing long‐term osteogenic commitment. More specifically, rapid treatments (10 min daily over 5 days) of the high frequency (10 MHz) mechanostimulation are shown to trigger significant upregulation in early osteogenic markers (RUNX2, COL1A1) and sustained increase in late markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin) through a mechanistic pathway involving piezo channel activation and Rho‐associated protein kinase signaling. Given the miniaturizability and low cost of the devices, the possibility for upscaling the platform toward practical bioreactors, to address a pressing need for more efficient stem cell differentiation technologies in the pursuit of translatable regenerative medicine strategies, is ensivaged.
Self‐compacting high performance fiber concrete for foundations: Part 2—Fiber orientation and distribution
Authors: Grünewald Steffen , Cotovanu Bogdan , Rovers John , Walraven Joost C. , Taerwe Luc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn investigation was executed into the applicability of self‐compacting high performance fiber concrete in foundations. The applied concrete has a concrete cube strength of about 110 MPa and contains 60 kg/m3 hooked‐end steel fibers (LF = 30 mm, DF = 0.38 mm). This publication consists of two parts: (1) Experimental assessment and verification of design rules and (2) assessment of fiber orientation and distribution. In the first part, experiments are described which were carried out to determine the pre‐ and post‐cracking strength properties, the shear resistance of short beams, the anchorage length of rebars, and the shear capacity of foundation slabs supported on piles. The test results were used for a verification and extension of design rules for fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) found in the fib Model Code 2010. The application of the FRC developed can lead to substantial savings in concrete and reinforcing steel. In the present second part, cross‐sections of two slabs and a beam of this testing series have been analyzed with regard to fiber orientation and distribution. An image analysis, executed on 111 concrete areas, indicates that a preferred fiber orientation could not be identified throughout the assessed elements. The data supports the conclusion of a good fiber distribution as well; a strong correlation was obtained for the data set of full images between measured and theoretical relation of fiber orientation and fiber density.
Seasonal monitoring of organochlorine pesticides in water, soil, and sediment in a small pond and determining ecotoxicological risk assessment
Authors: Şimşek Uygun Burcu , Albek Erdem Ahmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most important ways to improve quality and productivity in agriculture is to eliminate weeds, plant pathogens, and insects with pesticides. Although pesticides can effectively control agricultural quality and quantity, there are also lots of disadvantages due to their intensive usage resulting in degradation products. These products can accumulate in organisms and enter the food chain. Therefore, pesticides emanating from agricultural areas are agents that can affect the water quality of surface and groundwater sources. In this study, the presence of pesticides in the water and soil environment of the Borabey Pond and watershed which is situated north of Eskişehir, Turkey were determined by measurements. For this purpose, sediment and water samples from the pond and soil samples from the watershed were taken. The levels of organochlorine pesticides in the water, sediment and soil from Borabey Pond were determined between 0.5–13.8 ng/L, 0.03–1.02 μg/kg, and 0.54–52 μg/kg. Moreover, fugacity fraction has been measured that there is a transformation from water to sediment. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test is done to the seasonal measurements and there is no significant difference. Meanwhile, risk quotient (risk characterization ratio) estimates for DDTs and HCHs is below 1, so risk is acceptable.
Evaluation’s Role in Development Projects: Boosting Energy Efficiency in a Traditional Industry in Chad
Authors: Yakeu Djiam Serge Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter illustrates the critical importance of evaluation in development projects. It explores the relevance, processes, and specifics of a project to introduce energy-efficient cook stoves in two traditional industries in Chad. Although Chad benefits from great solar potential given its location and being a Sahelian country, biomass accounted for 94% of the primary energy supply in 2008, and only 2.2% of Chadian households have access to electricity. The beer brewing and meat grilling sectors in particular use enormous quantities of limited and expensive firewood. Locally developed energy-efficient stoves for the two targeted sectors were available, but those technologies had not been commercialized and disseminated into the Chadian market. The project aimed to overcome issues of technology, financing, dissemination, resistance to change, and awareness to introduce and establish use of energy-efficient stoves in micro-scale food processing to achieve environmental and economic benefits, discussing the effectiveness of models introduced and adopted by project beneficiaries with related training. This chapter considers issues related to the project’s financing and sustainability and concludes with lessons provided by the evaluation, including engagement with targeted beneficiaries, awareness of local context, and consideration of size and scale for a demonstration project that can be scaled up in future programs.
Staying Small and Beautiful: Enhancing Sustainability in the Small Island Developing States
Authors: Batra Geeta , Norheim Trond 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpread over the ocean regions of the Caribbean, the Pacific and Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean, and the South China Sea, the small island developing states (SIDS) are a distinct group of developing countries often known for their rich biological diversity, oceans, tourism, and fisheries. The pressures on these and other natural resources is most immediate in the islands where the high vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, limited land and water resources, often unsustainable natural resource use, and other particular economic vulnerabilities are disrupting livelihoods. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the SIDS economies and livelihoods. Over the past 25 years the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has supported interventions in SIDS through $578 million in financing, in critical areas such as biodiversity protection, climate resilience, and energy access through renewable energy. But how effective and sustainable have these interventions been? What factors influencing the sustainability of GEF interventions can provide insights for future project design and implementation? This chapter draws on findings from a recent country cluster evaluation on SIDS conducted by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the GEF. It presents the main environmental challenges in SIDS, the evidence on the relevance and effectiveness of GEF interventions in addressing these challenges, and the main risks to sustainability of outcomes. Important contextual factors that affect sustainability in SIDS include good policies and legal and regulatory frameworks, national ownership of projects, environmental awareness, institutional capacity, and strategic institutional partnerships. Project-related factors including good project design and adaptive project management, scaling-up and replication based on lessons learned, and a good exit strategy are also important for sustainability.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Regression and Classification Methods
Authors: Montesinos López Osval Antonio , Montesinos López Abelardo , Crossa Jose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe fundamentals for Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) regression methods are described in this chapter. We first point out the virtues of RKHS regression methods and why these methods are gaining a lot of acceptance in statistical machine learning. Key elements for the construction of RKHS regression methods are provided, the kernel trick is explained in some detail, and the main kernel functions for building kernels are provided. This chapter explains some loss functions under a fixed model framework with examples of Gaussian, binary, and categorical response variables. We illustrate the use of mixed models with kernels by providing examples for continuous response variables. Practical issues for tuning the kernels are illustrated. We expand the RKHS regression methods under a Bayesian framework with practical examples applied to continuous and categorical response variables and by including in the predictor the main effects of environments, genotypes, and the genotype ×environment interaction. We show examples of multi-trait RKHS regression methods for continuous response variables. Finally, some practical issues of kernel compression methods are provided which are important for reducing the computation cost of implementing conventional RKHS methods.
Einleitung
Authors: Kirsten Karina 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungGenres besitzen eine signifikante Sichtbarkeit, die uns unmittelbar erkennen lässt, um was für einen Film, eine Serie, eine Fernsehsendung, ein Buch oder ein Videospiel es sich handelt. Sie verfügen über eine alltägliche Evidenz, die uns zwischen medialen Texten Ähnlichkeiten annehmen lässt. „We all know a genre when we see one“, (27) beschreibt Rick Altman dieses Phänomen in seinem vielzitierten Aufsatz „A Semantic/Syntactic Approach“.
Diskursivität / Historizität von Genre
Authors: Kirsten Karina 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff ‚Genre‘ bezeichnet in der ursprünglichen Sprachbedeutung vom lateinischen ‚genus‘ oder französischen ‚genre‘ abstammend Arten, Sorten und Gattungen. Seine Begriffsgenese lässt sich weit in die Kunst- und Literaturgeschichte zurückverfolgen. In den Philologien und Geisteswissenschaften bildet der Begriff ‚Genre‘ inzwischen ein disziplinübergreifendes Konzept für Systematisierungen und Konzeptualisierungen diverser Textformen und ein wesentliches Prinzip, um Prozesse der Gruppenbildung von Texten zu beschreiben.
Studie 2 – Die Auswirkungen der Überzeugungen des Glaubens an Big Data – Erkenntnisse aus vier empirischen Erhebungen
Authors: Lünich Marco 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Nachgang zu Skalenkonstruktion und -validierung wurde die BDGS-Skala zwischen Januar und Oktober 2019 in vier weiteren empirischen Forschungszusammenhängen eingesetzt und wurden Daten für die Ausprägung des BDGS in den vier jeweiligen Stichproben erhoben. Diese werden nachfolgend entsprechend Erhebung 2.1 EU und KI, Erhebung 2.2 KI-Bedrohung, Erhebung 2.3 Krankenversicherung und Erhebung 2.4 KI und Hochschule benannt. In den nachfolgenden Abschnitten werden die vier empirischen Forschungszusammenhänge mit dem jeweiligen Erkenntnisinteresse besprochen und wird das empirische Vorgehen so knapp und dennoch so nachvollziehbar wie möglich dokumentiert.
Fazit
Authors: Lünich Marco 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit ging es darum, mit Hilfe des Werkzeugkastens empirischer Sozialforschung ein Wahrnehmungsmuster sichtbar zu machen, das einen Erklärungsbeitrag dazu leisten kann, wie Menschen auf das Aufkommen neuer Techniken der Mustererkennung in digitalen Daten im Zuge der Digitalisierung reagieren. Konkret wurde hinsichtlich der technischen Innovationen, die mit KI-Anwendungen in vielen Lebensbereichen derzeit und in naher Zukunft auch in Deutschland eingeführt werden, untersucht, wie Bürger*innen der Einführung dieser neuen datenverarbeitenden, mustererkennenden Systeme begegnen. Da mit Blick auf die eigene Datenverwertung wenige oder gar keine Primärerfahrungen der Bürger*innen vorliegen, wurde davon ausgegangen, dass ausgehend von den öffentlichen Diskursen über Digitalisierung und verwandter Phänomene vor dem Hintergrund der Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft eine allgemeine Erwartungshaltung vermittelt wird, mit der auf die gesellschaftlich weit verbreitete Datensammlung und -verwertung reagiert wird.
Sharp $$L^p$$ estimates for oscillatory integral operators of arbitrary signature
Authors: Hickman Jonathan , Iliopoulou Marina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sharp range of $$L^p$$

L
p

-estimates for the class of Hörmander-type oscillatory integral operators is established in all dimensions under a general signature assumption on the phase. This simultaneously generalises earlier work of the authors and Guth, which treats the maximal signature case, and also work of Stein and Bourgain–Guth, which treats the minimal signature case.
Chestnut peels and wheat bran at different water level influence the physical properties of pan bread
Authors: Alinovi Marcello , Rinaldi Massimiliano , Paciulli Maria , Littardi Paola , Chiavaro Emma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn breadmaking, dietary fibres are used to improve the nutritional quality of the final products; on the other hand, they may affect the physical and sensory properties. This work aimed to the evaluate, on pan breads, the effect of substituting 3 g of wheat flour with an equivalent amount of fibre rich ingredients: chestnut peels (CP) or wheat bran (WB), in comparison to a traditional wheat bread formulation (C). The effect of four levels of added water (54, 60, 66, 71 g/100 of flour) was also tested. The fibre content of CP (33%) and WB (42%) affected their water binding capacity and, consequently, the quality of the final loaves, according to the different water addition levels. In bread crumb, water content and water activity increased proportionally to the water addition levels, being instead in the crust also affected by the presence of fibres: lower water retention capacity was observed for CP, in comparison to WB and C. The loaf volume resulted higher for C in comparison to WB and CP, in relation to the larger dimensions of the crumb pores, probably due to the interfering effect of fibres during the development of the gluten network. Crumb hardness resulted higher for C at low water addition levels, being instead higher for CP at high water addition levels. CP showed a darker and redder colour, than both WB and C bread, for the presence of the brown pigments carried by chestnut peels. PCA analysis confirmed that more water is required for both the fibre-enriched breads to show characteristics similar to the control loaves.
Graded rings of Hermitian modular forms with singularities
Authors: Wang Haowu , Williams Brandon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study graded rings of meromorphic Hermitian modular forms of degree two whose poles are supported on an arrangement of Heegner divisors. For the group $$\mathrm {SU}_{2,2}({\mathcal {O}}_K)$$

SU

2
,
2

(

O
K

)

where K is the imaginary-quadratic number field of discriminant $$-d$$

-
d

, $$d \in \{4, 7,8,11,15,19,20,24\}$$

d
∈
{
4
,
7
,
8
,
11
,
15
,
19
,
20
,
24
}

we obtain a polynomial algebra without relations. In particular the Looijenga compactifications of the arrangement complements are weighted projective spaces.
Physical measurements and patients’ perception of excess skin on arms and thighs before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Ockell Jonas , Biörserud Christina , Staalesen Trude , Olsén Monika Fagevik , Elander Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Bariatric surgery is an effective weight loss method for patients with obesity. One side effect of bariatric surgery is uncomfortable excess skin. Much remains to be learned about physical measurements and patients’ subjective perceptions of it. Here, we investigated the pre- to post-bariatric changes in patients’ perception and physical measurements of the skin on the arms and thighs, in order to find possible subgroups especially affected by post-operative excess skin and to identify predicting factors.

Methods
One hundred forty-seven patients eligible for bariatric surgery completed the Sahlgrenska Excess Skin Questionnaire (SESQ) and underwent measurements of their skin before and 18 months after the procedure.

Results
Although most physical measurements decreased post-operatively, many patients reported increased discomfort. We identified one subgroup particularly prone to report excess skin on the arms post-operatively: women with high discomfort from excess skin on the arms and high body mass index (BMI), pre-operatively. Ptosis of the excess skin seems to be a feasible measurement for predicting post-operative discomfort. For every centimetre of ptosis pre-operatively, patients had 1.37- and 1.31-fold higher odds of achieving a score for post-operative discomfort from excess skin on the upper arms and thighs, respectively, of ≥ 6 (on a 0–10 scale).

Conclusions
We identified a subgroup especially affected by discomforting excess skin on arms and thighs after weight loss. Furthermore, we suggest a pre-operative pro-operative ptosis measuring to predict post-operative discomfort level. The result of this study further increases the knowledge of excess skin and should be useful in further improving patient education.
Level of Evidence: Level III, risk / prognostic study.
Joint EANM/SNMMI/ESTRO practice recommendations for the use of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT external beam radiation treatment planning in lung cancer V1.0
Authors: Vaz Sofia C. , Adam Judit A. , Delgado Bolton Roberto C. , Vera Pierre , van Elmpt Wouter , Herrmann Ken , Hicks Rodney J. , Lievens Yolande , Santos Andrea , Schöder Heiko , Dubray Bernard , Visvikis Dimitris , Troost Esther G. C. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
2-[18F]FDG
PET/CT is of utmost importance for radiation treatment (RT) planning and response monitoring in lung cancer patients, in both non-small and small cell lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC). This topic has been addressed in guidelines composed by experts within the field of radiation oncology. However, up to present, there is no procedural guideline on this subject, with involvement of the nuclear medicine societies.

Methods
A literature review was performed, followed by a discussion between a multidisciplinary team of experts in the different fields involved in the RT planning of lung cancer, in order to guide clinical management. The project was led by experts of the two nuclear medicine societies (EANM and SNMMI) and radiation oncology (ESTRO).

Results and conclusion
This guideline results from a joint and dynamic collaboration between the relevant disciplines for this topic. It provides a worldwide, state of the art, and multidisciplinary guide to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT RT planning in NSCLC and SCLC. These practical recommendations describe applicable updates for existing clinical practices, highlight potential flaws, and provide solutions to overcome these as well. Finally, the recent developments considered for future application are also reviewed.
Genetic diversity within leukemia-associated immunophenotype-defined subclones in AML
Authors: Tiso F. , Koorenhof-Scheele T. N. , Huys E. , Martens J. H. A. , de Graaf A. O. , van der Reijden B. A. , Langemeijer S. M. C. , Preijers F. W. M. B. , Kroeze L. I. , Jansen J. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease showing dynamic clonal evolution patterns over time. Various subclones may be present simultaneously and subclones may show a different expansion pattern and respond differently to applied therapies. It is already clear that immunophenotyping and genetic analyses may yield overlapping, but also complementary information. Detailed information on the genetic make-up of immunophenotypically defined subclones is however scarce. We performed error-corrected sequencing for 27 myeloid leukemia driver genes in 86, FACS-sorted immunophenotypically characterized normal and aberrant subfractions in 10 AML patients. We identified three main scenarios. In the first group of patients, the two techniques were equally well characterizing the malignancy. In the second group, most of the isolated populations did not express aberrant immunophenotypes but still harbored several genetic aberrancies, indicating that the information obtained only by immunophenotyping would be incomplete. Vice versa, one patient was identified in which genetic mutations were found only in a small fraction of the immunophenotypically defined malignant populations, indicating that the genetic analysis gave an incomplete picture of the disease. We conclude that currently, characterization of leukemic cells in AML by molecular and immunophenotypic techniques is complementary, and infer that both techniques should be used in parallel in order to obtain the most complete view on the disease.
Pacific multidecadal (50–70 year) variability instigated by volcanic forcing during the Little Ice Age (1250–1850)
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Liu Jian , Wang Bin , Chen Deliang , Gao Chaochao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is the leading mode of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific. However, it remains unknown to what extent external forcings can influence the PDO’s periodicity and magnitude over the past 2000 years. We show that the paleo-assimilation products (LMR) and proxy data suggest a 20–40 year PDO occurred during both the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly (MCA, ~ 750–1150) and Little Ice Age (LIA, ~ 1250–1850) while a salient 50–70 year variance peak emerged during the LIA. These results are reproduced well by the CESM simulations in the all-forcing (AF) and single volcanic forcing (Vol) experiments. We show that the 20–40 year PDO is an intrinsic mode caused by internal variability but the 50–70 year PDO during the LIA is a forced mode primarily shaped by volcanic forcing. The intrinsic mode develops in tandem with tropical ENSO-like anomalies, while the forced mode develops from the western Pacific and unrelated to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. The volcanism-induced land–sea thermal contrast may trigger anomalous northerlies over the western North Pacific (WNP), leading to reduced northward heat transport and the cooling in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE), generating the forced mode. A 50–70 year Atlantic multidecadal oscillation founded during the LIA under volcanic forcing may also contribute to the forced mode. These findings shed light on the interplay between the internal variability and external forcing and the present and future changes of the PDO.