bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare utilization and costs among patients with chronic migraine, episodic migraine, and tension‐type headache enrolled in commercial insurance plans
Authors: Shao Qiujun , Rascati Karen L. , Barner Jamie C. , Lawson Kenneth A. , Sonawane Kalyani B. , Rousseau Justin F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify and compare healthcare utilization and costs for patients with chronic migraine (CM), episodic migraine (EM), and tension‐type headache (TTH) enrolled in US commercial health plans.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart database from January 2015 to December 2018. Adult patients with a diagnosis of EM, CM or TTH and at least 12 months of continuous enrollment before and after diagnosis were included. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences among the three groups. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline, and healthcare utilization and costs during follow‐up, were described and compared between the three groups.ResultsA total of 45,849 patients were included: 8955 with CM, 31,961 with EM, and 4933 with TTH. The total all‐cause annual direct medical costs of patients with CM ($17,878) were 1.38 times higher (95% CI: 1.31–1.44) than those with EM ($12,986), and 2.26 times higher (95% CI: 2.08–2.47) than those with TTH ($7902). The annual migraine/TTH‐related costs of patients with CM ($1869) were 4.19 times higher (95% CI: 3.92–4.48) than those with EM ($446), and 11.90 times (95% CI: 10.59–13.52) higher than those with TTH ($157). In the adjusted analyses, for all service categories (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient, and prescriptions), the expected costs in the migraine groups were higher than in the TTH group (all p < 0.001), while controlling for covariates. Main findings were consistent in both weighted and unweighted samples, and with both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ConclusionThis study provides an updated assessment of healthcare utilization and expenditures for adult patients with primary headache disorders. Compared to TTH, migraine is associated with higher resource use and direct medical costs, especially for those with a chronic condition. Future studies are needed to understand the indirect medical costs (productivity loss) and humanistic burden (quality of life) between migraine and TTH.
Remifentanil reduces the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells via lncRNA NBR2/miR‐650/TIMP3 axis
Authors: Liang Wei , Ke Jinyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer cell hyperproliferation and metastasis are major causes of cancer‐associated mortality. Although the use of anaesthetics and analgesics may affect cancer cell metastasis, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of remifentanil on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Cell viability was measured by the 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2‐h‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to assess the expression levels of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) neighbour of BRCA1 gene 2 (NBR2), microRNA (miR)‐650 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP3) in HCC cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the migration and invasion of HCC cells respectively. The target relationships between miR‐650 and NBR2/TIMP3 were confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Remifentanil reduced the viability of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Remifentanil treatment significantly increased the expression of lncRNA NBR2 and TIMP3, and repressed miR‐650 expression in HCC cells. Decreased lncRNA NBR2 or increased miR‐650 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of remifentanil‐treated HCC cells. LncRNA NBR2 targeted miR‐650, and miR‐650 further targeted TIMP3. Moreover, miR‐650 down‐regulation or TIMP3 up‐regulation reversed the effects of lncRNA NBR2 knockdown that caused an enhancement of cell viability, migration and invasiveness in remifentanil‐treated HCC cells. Thus remifentanil reduces the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells via the lncRNA NBR2/miR‐650/TIMP3 axis in vitro.
Synthesis and rheological characterization of nano‐magnetorheological fluid using inverse spinel ferrite (NiFe2O4)
Authors: Padma Yagnasri , Nuthalapati Seetharamaiah , Pantangi Usha Sri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the utilization of nanoparticles for nano‐magnetorheological fluid (NMRF) synthesis is gaining popularity in automotive applications. From this perspective, the nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by gel burning method and characterized using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (FESEM‐EDX), and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD and FTIR results showed the phase formation and characteristic metal–oxygen M–O vibrations. The FESEM images showed quasi‐spherical crystallites with considerable agglomeration. The magnetic properties measured showed the ferromagnetic nature of NiFe2O4. The nanosized NiFe2O4 was used for NMRF preparation and characterization.
Photon radiation shielding properties of germanate glass systems containing Bi2O3, PbF2, and B2O3
Authors: Bilir Gökhan , Bilgici Cengiz Gülçin , Çağlar İlyas , Ertap Hüseyin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we studied the gamma radiation shielding properties of ternary germanate glass systems containing Bi2O3, PbF2, and B2O3. The glass samples were synthesized by using the traditional melt‐quenching method. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to confirm the glassy nature of the synthesized materials. A narrow‐beam transmission geometry equipped with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector was used to measure experimentally measurable shielding parameters of the samples, like mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half‐value layer, and effective atomic number. Measurements were performed at gamma‐ray energies of 662, 1173, and 1332 keV emitted from 137Cs and 60Co radioactive sources. Additionally, all the above parameters were also calculated theoretically in the .015–15 MeV energy region by employing the WinXCOM software to verify the experimental findings. The experimental and theoretical results were found to be in good agreement. The results showed that the 70Ge20Bi10Pb glass system has competitive shielding properties among the studied glass systems and could be a good candidate for radiation shielding applications.
β‐Glucan receptors on IL‐4 activated macrophages are required for hookworm larvae recognition and trapping
Authors: Bouchery Tiffany , Volpe Beatrice , Doolan Rory , Coakley Gillian , Moyat Mati , Esser‐von Bieren Julia , Wickramasinghe Lakshanie C , Hibbs Margaret L , Sotillo Javier , Camberis Mali , Le Gros Graham , Khan Nemat , Williams David , Harris Nicola L 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the field of host immunity against parasitic nematodes have revealed the importance of macrophages in trapping tissue migratory larvae. Protective immune mechanisms against the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) are mediated, at least in part, by IL‐4‐activated macrophages that bind and trap larvae in the lung. However, it is still not clear how host macrophages recognize the parasite. An in vitro co‐culture system of bone marrow‐derived macrophages and Nb infective larvae was utilized to screen for the possible ligand–receptor pair involved in macrophage attack of larvae. Competitive binding assays revealed an important role for β‐glucan recognition in the process. We further identified a role for CD11b and the non‐classical pattern recognition receptor ephrin‐A2 (EphA2), but not the highly expressed β‐glucan dectin‐1 receptor, in this process of recognition. This work raises the possibility that parasitic nematodes synthesize β‐glucans and it identifies CD11b and ephrin‐A2 as important pattern recognition receptors involved in the host recognition of these evolutionary old pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EphA2 has been implicated in immune responses to a helminth.
HLA‐DR polymorphism in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID‐19
Authors: Astbury Stuart , Reynolds Catherine J. , Butler David K. , Muñoz‐Sandoval Diana C. , Lin Kai‐Min , Pieper Franziska P. , Otter Ashley , Kouraki Afroditi , Cusin Lola , Nightingale Jessica , Vijay Amrita , Craxford Simon , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Tighe Patrick J. , Gibbons Joseph M. , Pade Corinna , Joy George , Maini Mala , Chain Benny , Semper Amanda , Brooks Timothy , Ollivere Benjamin J. , McKnight Áine , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Treibel Thomas A. , Manisty Charlotte , Moon James C. ,   COVIDsortium Investigators*, Valdes Ana M. , Boyton Rosemary J. , Altmann Daniel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome. We investigated the association of HLAII alleles with case definition symptomatic COVID‐19, virus‐specific antibody and T‐cell immunity. A total of 1364 UK healthcare workers (HCWs) were recruited during the first UK SARS‐CoV‐2 wave and analysed longitudinally, encompassing regular PCR screening for infection, symptom reporting, imputation of HLAII genotype and analysis for antibody and T‐cell responses to nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S). Of 272 (20%) HCW who seroconverted, the presence of HLA‐DRB1*13:02 was associated with a 6·7‐fold increased risk of case definition symptomatic COVID‐19. In terms of immune responsiveness, HLA‐DRB1*15:02 was associated with lower nucleocapsid T‐cell responses. There was no association between DRB1 alleles and anti‐spike antibody titres after two COVID vaccine doses. However, HLA DRB1*15:01 was associated with increased spike T‐cell responses following both first and second dose vaccination. Trial registration: NCT04318314 and ISRCTN15677965.
Effect of boron oxide on mechanical and thermal properties of bioactive glass coatings for biomedical applications
Authors: Kuo Po‐Hsuen , Du Jincheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBioactive glass coatings can improve the osteo integration of metallic implants with the host tissue, thereby increasing their lifespan and overall success rate. However, complex composition‐structure‐property relations in phosphosilicate‐based bioactive glasses make experimental determination of these relations and related composition design of bioactive coatings challenging. By applying molecular dynamics (MD)‐based atomistic simulations with recently developed effective potentials, this work addresses the challenge by using a material genome approach to obtain the composition and structure effects on various key properties for bioactive coating applications. A series of potential bioactive glass compositions were studied and the composition effects on the mechanical and thermal properties that are critical to these bioactive glasses as a coating to metallic implants were calculated. Particularly, by varying the level of B2O3 to SiO2 substitutions, the effect of composition on various key properties was elucidated. It was found that by using cation in a 1 to 1 ratio (BO3/2 to SiO2) instead of the commonly used substitutions (B2O3 to SiO2), the composition effect can be more clearly expressed and, hence, recommended in future composition designs. Together with careful structural analysis, the origin of property changes can be elucidated. The atomistic computer simulation‐based approach is, thus, an effective way to guide future bioactive glass designs for bioactive coatings and other applications.
Microwave dielectric properties of (0.75ZnAl2O4–0.25TiO2)–MgTiO3 ceramics prepared using digital light processing technology
Authors: He Zi‐Xuan , Lu Lu , Wu Jia‐Min , Chen An‐Nan , Chen Shuang , Cheng Li‐Jin , Hua Shuai‐Bin , Li Chen‐Hui , Wang Chang‐An , Shi Yu‐Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZTM ceramics comprising of 0.75ZnAl2O4–0.25TiO2 and MgTiO3 at a ratio of 90:10 wt.% are widely used in the field of communication as filters and resonators owing to their excellent microwave dielectric properties. However, the development of such dielectrics with complex structures, as required by microwave devices, is difficult using traditional fabrication methods. In this study, ZTM microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared using the digital light processing (DLP) technology. The influence of the sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of ZTM ceramics was investigated. Results showed that with an increase in the sintering temperature, the dielectric constant (εr) and quality factor (Q × f) of ZTM ceramics initially increased owing to the increase in the density and diffusion of ions. However, when the sintering temperature was excessively high, the abnormal growth of crystal grains and micropores led to a decrease in εr and Q × f. The ZTM ceramics sintered at 1450°C exhibited the optimum microwave dielectric properties (εr = 12.99, Q × f = 69 245 GHz, τf = −9.50 ppm/°C) owing to the uniform microstructure and a high relative density of 95.02%. These results indicate that DLP is a promising method for preparing high‐performance microwave dielectric ceramics with complex structures.
What students with intellectual disabilities know about writing planning
Authors: Gallego‐Ortega José Luis , García‐Guzmán Antonio , Rodríguez‐Fuentes Antonio , Figueroa‐Sepúlveda Susana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the writing of students with intellectual disabilities have been scarce and unrepresentative. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyse this group of students' abilities to plan their textsMethodA collective case study was carried out, with an eminently qualitative approach, although aided by an initial quantitative analysis. Fifteen students with unspecified intellectual disabilities were interviewed using open‐ended questions. For data interpretation, content analysis and quantification of responses were used.ResultsThe results revealed the abilities and limitations of these students regarding the knowledge and use of one of the key processes of written expression (writing planning).ConclusionThe cognitive operations of planning, in which these students admitted the greatest problems, were the ordering and recording of ideas, and textual structuring.
Characteristics of hypertension and arterial stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea: A Scandinavian experience from a prospective study of 6408 normotensive and hypertensive patients
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Romarheim Andrea , Mancia Giuseppe , Saxvig Ingvild West , Gulati Shashi , Lehmann Sverre , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on arterial stiffness is less studied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and covariates of increased pulse pressure (PP), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, in the entire study population as well as in separate analyses in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Further, we also explored the impact of smoking on brachial BP in hypertensive patients. Between 2012 and 2019, a total of 6408 participants with suspected OSA underwent a standard out‐of‐center respiratory polygraphy. OSA was defined by an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/h regardless of symptoms. PP ≥60 mmHg was used as a surrogate marker of increased arterial stiffness. Mean age was 49.3±13.7 years, 69.4% were male, and 34.5% had OSA. The prevalence of hypertension was 70.8% in OSA and 46.7% in No‐OSA (AHI < 15/h) controls (P < .0001). Hypertension was controlled (clinic BP < 140/90 mmHg) in 45.5% and uncontrolled in 54.5% (P < .001). Mean PP was 50±12 mmHg in smokers and 52±12 mmHg in non‐smokers (P = .001). Increased PP was found in 24.2% of the entire study population and was higher in patients with OSA compared to No‐OSA group (27.5% vs 22.4%, P < .0001). In an unadjusted logistic regression model, OSA was associated with a 1.3‐fold higher risk of having increased PP (95% CI 1.16‐1.48, P < .001). In a multivariable‐adjusted model, higher age, male sex, and history of hypertension, but not OSA (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.77‐1.02, P = .104) were associated with increased PP. In this large study of nearly 6500 participants who were referred with suspected OSA, one‐third were diagnosed with OSA and a quarter had increased arterial stiffness by elevated brachial PP. Hypertension but not OSA per se was associated with increased arterial stiffness. Hypertension was highly prevalent and poorly controlled.
Linguistic purism as resistance to colonization
Authors: Baioud Gegentuul , Khuanuud Cholmon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the Mongolian language is equated with ethnic survival in Inner Mongolia, the metadiscourse of Mongolian linguistic purism has become a vital tactic for enacting Mongolian identity and creating a counterspace against Chinese linguistic and cultural hegemony. This paper analyses: (1) the process of establishing iconized links between language, culture, land and race on the second order of indexicalities; (2) the orthographic representation of mixed Mongolian and “pure” Mongolian in the Mongolian social media space Bainu. The study illuminates the interdiscursive processes of presuming and constructing linguistic, cultural, and ethnic boundaries by subaltern groups in an assimilationist nation state.
When altruism is remunerated: Understanding the bases of voluntary public service among lawyers
Authors: Kay Fiona , Granfield Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe legal profession claims a duty of public service that calls on lawyers to volunteer their time through “pro bono” work (i.e., free legal service). And increasingly law firms strongly endorse pro bono and even remunerate time that is provided to clients without charge. But what happens when pro bono is mandated by the law firm, even compensated? Is altruism undermined? Drawing on a survey of 845 lawyers, we develop an integrated theoretical model to account for how volunteering takes place in the course of legal work. The analysis reveals psychological traits, collective norms, economic exchanges, and organizational dimensions shape lawyers' pro bono work in intriguing ways with marked distinctions emerging when pro bono is remunerated by firms. Collective norms known to foster altruistic behavior appear most relevant to pro bono that is outside the job (i.e., unpaid), while organizational supports and constraints as well as economic exchange factors appear most salient to pro bono that is compensated within firms. We argue that a theory of pro bono work requires a more refined understanding of the forces promoting helping behaviors across several dimensions: whether to help, how much to help, and with or without compensation.
Intrathecal amyloid‐beta oligomer administration increases tau phosphorylation in the medial temporal lobe in the African green monkey: A nonhuman primate model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wakeman Dustin R. , Weed Michael R. , Perez Sylvia E. , Cline Erika N. , Viola Kirsten L. , Wilcox Kyle C. , Moddrelle David S. , Nisbett Ernell Z. , Kurian Anish M. , Bell Amanda F. , Pike Ricaldo , Jacobson Peer B. , Klein William L. , Mufson Elliott J. , Lawrence Matthew S. , Elsworth John D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAn obstacle to developing new treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been the inadequate translation of findings in current AD transgenic rodent models to the prediction of clinical outcomes. By contrast, nonhuman primates (NHPs) share a close neurobiology with humans in virtually all aspects relevant to developing a translational AD model. The present investigation used African green monkeys (AGMs) to refine an inducible NHP model of AD based on the administration of amyloid‐beta oligomers (AβOs), a key upstream initiator of AD pathology.MethodsAβOs or vehicle were repeatedly delivered over 4 weeks to age‐matched young adult AGMs by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrathecal (IT) injections. Induction of AD‐like pathology was assessed in subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the AT8 antibody to detect hyperphosphorylated tau. Hippocampal volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans prior to, and after, intrathecal injections.ResultsIT administration of AβOs in young adult AGMs revealed an elevation of tau phosphorylation in the MTL cortical memory circuit compared with controls. The largest increases were detected in the entorhinal cortex that persisted for at least 12 weeks after dosing. MRI scans showed a reduction in hippocampal volume following AβO injections.ConclusionsRepeated IT delivery of AβOs in young adult AGMs led to an accelerated AD‐like neuropathology in MTL, similar to human AD, supporting the value of this translational model to de‐risk the clinical trial of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Relatives’ experiences of the hospitalisation of older people with COVID‐19: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hoffmann Eva , Specht Kirsten , Elkjær Mette , Kjær Maria , Primdahl Jette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, visitors were restricted from hospitals, separating them from hospitalised friends and family to reduce the infection risk.ObjectivesThe objective was to explore how relatives of older people acutely admitted to hospital with COVID‐19 experienced being a relative, and how they felt about their contact with health care professionals (HCPs) when visitor restrictions prevented their physical presence in the ward.MethodThis study employed a qualitative design. We used individual qualitative semi‐structured interviews and the participants were relatives of acutely admitted older people from three COVID‐19 wards in Denmark. A total of 18 relatives participated, 14 female and 4 male, aged between 45 and 83 years. The analysis was guided by Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis derived the following three themes: (1) the importance of trust in a period of uncertainty; (2) the meaning of contact with HCPs, and (3) active but at a distance—a balancing act. The participants' feelings of uncertainty were prominent. The unknown nature of the disease and the unusual situation challenged relatives' trust in HCPs and the health care system.Conclusions and relevance to practiceThe findings highlight relatives' stress when the possibilities for visiting are restricted and the importance of trust in, and the relationship with HCPs. This study can strengthen HCPs' understanding of relatives' situation when older people are hospitalised during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.