bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragility fracture management and FLS models in South Africa and Israel
Authors: Bernstein Brian P. , Duma Mlekeleli T.N. , Or Omer , Fisher-Negev Tamar , Weil Yoram 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease of the elderly. Many patients at high risk are neither identified nor treated. A Fracture Liaison Service is a coordinated model of care for secondary fracture prevention. Several national quality indicators have been published in each country to improve surgical treatment and osteoporosis medical treatment. Fracture Liaison Services in both countries have been created by local clinicians with different models depending on the medical geographic locations of patients and the local setup. The objective of this review is to describe the national guidelines and the current clinical treatment models for fragility fractures in South Africa and Israel. Successes and barriers to successful implementation have been identified and are summarized.
Osteoporosis management in the United States
Authors: Hoggard Timothy M. , Jeray Kyle J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There are numerous organizational osteoporosis initiatives in the United States offering a variety of recommendations and guidelines. A common method of implementing these goals is centered around multidisciplinary provider teams with the broad task of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of current and future osteoporosis related fractures. These teams have generally proved to be successful even though it remains debated, which specific provider specialty is ultimately responsible for osteoporosis care. The current United States healthcare infrastructure represents the significant obstacle in widespread adoption of successful treatment programs. The development of further quality standards and incorporation of fracture liaison services into reimbursement and funding models will allow for continued improvement in osteoporosis care.
Fragility Fracture Systems: International Perspectives - Asia & Australia
Authors: Tarrant Seth M. , Kim Ji Wan , Matsushita Takashi , Minehara Hiroaki , Noda Tomoyuki , Oh Jong-Keon , Park Ki Chul , Yamamoto Noriaki , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
The incidence and burden of fragility fractures have reached the level where comprehensive systematic care is warranted to optimize the care of these patients. Hip fractures are the most frequently lethal and independence level changing fragility fractures, responsible for 30-day mortality comparable to high-energy trauma patients with injury severity scores over 12. It is a reasonable expectation that countries have a hip fracture treating system of care in place for this high-risk population. This review explores the systems of care from the Asia-Pacific Perspective.

Methods:
From the International Orthopaedic Trauma Association's member societies, nations from the Asia-Pacific Region were requested to contribute with an overview of their fragility fracture management systems. The content or the review was standardized by a template of headings, which each country endeavored to cover.

Results:
Australia, Japan, and South Korea contributed voluntarily from the 5 member countries of the region. Each country has made considerable efforts and achievements with diverse approaches to standardize and improve the care of fragility fractures, particularly hip fractures. Beyond the individual nations’ efforts there is also an existing Asia-Pacific Collaborative. The data collection and in some counties the existence of a registry is promising; funding and recognition of the problem among competing health care budget priorities are common.

Conclusions:
Our review covers some of the countries with strongest economy and highest health care standards. The lack of a universal robust system for hip fracture care is apparent. The data collection from registry initiations is expected to drive system development further in these countries and hopefully fast track the development in other countries within the most populous geographical region of the Earth.
Overview of fracture liaison services in the UK and Europe: standards, model of care, funding, and challenges
Authors: Chesser Timothy J.S. , Javaid Muhammad Kassim , Mohsin Zaineb , Pari Carlotta , Belluati Alberto , Contini Achille , Caiaffa Vincenzo , Chana-Rodríguez Francisco , Gómez-Vallejo Jesus , Sánchez-Pérez Coral , Dailiana Zoe H. , Stefanou Nikolaos , Tosounidis Theodoros , Laurent Michaël , Putzeys Guy , Poeze Martijn , Ponsen Kees Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fragility fractures represent a growing global problem, including in the United Kingdom and European countries. Reports demonstrate the benefits of national guidance and organized fragility fracture programs through fracture liaison services to deliver care to patients who sustain these injuries. The challenge of assembling multidisciplinary teams, providing routine screening of appropriate patients, and monitoring therapies where there is a known compliance problem, remains an obstacle to the success of fragility fracture treatment programs to all. Efforts should continue to introduce and maintain fracture liaison services through coordinated national approaches and advanced systems.
EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Dynamic Ultrasound Protocols for (Adult) Hip
Authors: Mezian Kamal , Ricci Vincenzo , Güvener Orhan , Jačisko Jakub , Novotný Tomáš , Kara Murat , Chang Ke-Vin , Naňka Ondřej , Pirri Carmelo , Stecco Carla , Dughbaj Muhammad , Jain Nitin B. , Özçakar Levent 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound assessment of the adult hip is described using different maneuvers for various conditions. Real-time patient examination and ultrasound scanning videos are coupled for convenience as well as for better insight. The text covers the common conditions around the hip where especially dynamic ultrasound scanning provides valuable information in addition to static imaging. The protocol is prepared by an international consensus of several experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound.
Accessibility of Level III trauma centers for underserved populations: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jarman Molly P. , Dalton Michael K. , Askari Reza , Sonderman Kristin , Salim Ali , Inaba Kenji 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
By providing definitive care for many, and rapid assessment, resuscitation, stabilization, and transfer to Level I/II centers when needed, Level III trauma centers can augment capacity in high resource regions and extend the geographic reach to lower resource regions. We sought to (1) characterize populations served principally by Level III trauma centers, (2) estimate differences in time to care by trauma center level, and (3) update national estimates of trauma center access.

METHODS
In a cross-sectional study (United States, 2019), we estimated travel time from census block groups to the nearest Level I/II trauma center and nearest Level III trauma center. Block groups were categorized based on the level of care accessible within 60 minutes, then distributions of population characteristics and differences in time to care were estimated.

RESULTS
An estimated 22.8% of the US population (N = 76,119,228) lacked access to any level of trauma center care within 60 minutes, and 8.8% (N = 29,422,523) were principally served by Level III centers. Black and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) populations were disproportionately represented among those principally served by Level III centers (39.1% and 12.2%, respectively). White and AIAN populations were disproportionately represented among those without access to any trauma center care (26.2% and 40.8%, respectively). Time to Level III care was shorter than Level I/II for 27.9% of the population, with a mean reduction in time to care of 28.9 minutes (SD = 31.4).

CONCLUSION
Level III trauma centers are a potential source of trauma care for underserved populations. While Black and AIAN disproportionately rely on Level III centers for care, most with access to Level III centers also have access to Level I/II centers. The proportion of the US population with timely access to trauma care has not improved since 2010.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiological; Level IV.
The Feasibility of the Thai Sensory Profile Assessment Tool (TSPA) for Classifying the participants for Mind-Body intervention
Authors: Kanchanawong Thanaporn , Prasoetsang Thitichaya , Limvongvatana Faungfah , Ooraikul Ladarat , Kunapun Sukonta , Srikhamjak Tiam , Gomutbutra Patama 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe previous research found that multisensory interventions impact behavioral responses in healthy individuals and clinical populations, but few have been shown the impacts of Mind-Body intervention on cortisol levels in different sensory personalities. In Thailand, the earlier study found that the Thai Sensory Profile Assessment Tool (TSPA) had acceptable validity and reliability in classifying sensory personality called “sensory pattern”. The pattern is divided into sensory preference and sensory threshold, which is formulated from personal experience.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to examine the feasibility and interpretability of TSPA in classifying sensory patterns of participants attending Mind-Body Intervention consisting of Mindfulness-Based Flow Practice (MBFP) and Relax On-site program.Materials and methodsThere is a sub-study of a controlled cross-over trial study effect of a mindfulness intervention on anxiety and biomarkers in healthy nursing staff. For this study, we aim to categorize sensory patterns and find the feasibility of Mind-Body Intervention. Each participant was self-tested by TSPA before the intervention, either relaxation on-site or MBFP in the residential retreat program. The feasibility criteria include the time for finishing the test. The interpretability including participant’s comprehension and the classification phenotype provides insight into different effects of the intervention. The effect of MBFP and relaxation on-site was measured quantitatively by the change of morning cortisol before and after the intervention and qualitatively from satisfaction interviews after the intervention.ResultsThe TSPA assessment takes an average time of 20 minutes. There is no complaint about the difficulty to understand participants. We classified participants by TSPA pattern into three groups by the sensory preference, including, 1) Balanced majority (14/20) have a moderate sensory preference and threshold, 2) low sensory preference for taste and smell (3/20), and 3) high sensory preference for sight smell and movement (3/20). At the same time, most participants show higher cortisol after relaxation on-site and decreased cortisol after MBFP.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that TSPA can be a feasible tool for assessing the sensory preference of the participants to match the health promotion modalities appropriately. We also got a preliminary insight that people with low smell sensory preference, low smell sensory threshold, high sensory preference insight, and movement with moderate threshold showed differences in MBFP. However, it needs a larger sample, and a simpler questionnaire related to the MBFP intervention program to prove these initial findings.
The DNA Damage response and cell competition are p53- and Xrp1-dependent processes that suppress hyperplastic aneuploidy
Authors: Khan Chaitali , Baker Nicholas E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIt is important to understand how p53 suppresses tumorigenesis. P53 activity contributes to many instances of cell competition in mammals. This has not been seen for Drosophila p53, where the transcription factor Xrp1 is an effector of cell competition. Xrp1 is induced in a p53-dependent manner by DNA damage, and we report that Xrp1 mediates multiple functions of p53 in the DNA damage response, contributing to p53-dependent gene transcription and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Differences in either Xrp1 or p53 activity, occurring between wild type and mutant cells experiencing mild genotoxic stress, both resulted in cell competition. Unexpectedly, cell competition due to differential p53 activity did not require Xrp1 but instead was restrained by Xrp1. We show that Xrp1 has a p53-independent role in removing genomically-altered cells. Both Xrp1 and p53 limit the accumulation of abnormal cells that results from genotoxicity, and we propose that genomic alterations enhance cellular growth of p53 mutant cells and promote cell competition, potentially contributing to the tumorigenesis in p53 mutants.
Feedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Maier Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Salient objects stand out (pop-out) from their surroundings, grabbing our attention. Whether this phenomenon is a consequence of bottom-up sensory processing or predicated on top-down influence is debated. We show that the neural computation of attentional pop-out is embedded in the earliest cortical sensory response, seemingly void of feedback from higher-level areas. We measured synaptic and spiking activity across cortical columns in mid-level area V4 of monkeys searching for an attention-grabbing stimulus. Indexed by reaction times and behavioral accuracy, attention was captured at variable times. This moment of attentional capture occurred within the earliest feedforward response, both in terms of timing and spatial location. Moreover, the magnitude of the earliest sensory response predicted reaction times. Crucially, errant attentional selection and consequent behavior was associated with errant selection in sensory cortex. Together, these findings demonstrate a dominant role for feedforward activation of sensory cortex for dictating attentional priority and subsequent behavior.In briefWhy do certain objects stand out from their surroundings and seemingly grab our attention? In this study, Westerberg et al. determine that attentional selection for salient objects in our environment is computed in sensory cortex as soon as sensory information arrives.HighlightsEarly sensory responses in V4 predict attentional selection and behavioral responsesErrant attentional selection in sensory cortex precedes errant behaviorTonic modulation of sensory cortex can regulate attentional selection
Non-falciparum malaria infections are as prevalent as P. falciparum among Tanzanian schoolchildren
Authors: Sendor Rachel , Mitchell Cedar L. , Chacky Frank , Mohamed Ally , Mhamilawa Lwidiko E. , Molteni Fabrizio , Nyinondi Ssanyu , Kabula Bilali , Mkali Humphrey , Reaves Erik J. , Serbantez Naomi , Kitojo Chonge , Makene Twilumba , Kyaw Thwai , Muller Meredith , Mwanza Alexis , Eckert Erin L. , Parr Jonathan B. , Lin Jessica T. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Ngasala Billy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEfforts to achieve malaria elimination need to consider both falciparum and non-falciparum infections. The prevalence and geographic distribution of four Plasmodium species were determined by real-time PCR using dried blood spots collected during the 2017 School Malaria Parasitological Survey of eight regions of Tanzania. Among 3,456 schoolchildren, 22% had P. falciparum, 24% P. ovale spp., 4% P. malariae, and 0.3% P. vivax. Ninety-one percent of P. ovale infections had very low parasite densities, based on amplification at later cycle thresholds. Sixty-four percent of P. ovale infections were single-species, and 35% of these were detected in low malaria endemicity regions. P. malariae infections were predominantly co-infections with P. falciparum (73%). P. vivax was largely detected in northern and eastern regions. Overall, 43% of children with P. falciparum were co-infected with at least one non-falciparum species. A large, previously under-appreciated burden of P. ovale spp. infection exists among Tanzanian schoolchildren.Article SummaryA previously unrecognized burden of non-falciparum malaria infections was detected among Tanzanian schoolchildren in a 2017 cross-sectional study, with P. ovale spp. prevalence comparable to P. falciparum, and low-level prevalences of P. malariae and P. vivax detected.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Group Cognitive Therapy Scale to Measure Therapist Competence
Authors: Nakashima Misuzu , Matsunaga Miki , Otani Makoto , Kuga Hironori , Fujisawa Daisuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research was to create a scale to assess the competency of therapists who conduct group cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT), which can serve as a tool to aid the continued training of therapists.MethodsThree stepped studies were conducted. Study 1: Through literature review and experts’ consensus process, essential skills for G-CBT were articulated and were categorized according to the criteria of the Cognitive Therapy Scale, a well-established rating scale to evaluate clinicians’ skills in individual cognitive behavioral therapy. The list of those skills was organized into a rating scale. Study 2: Behavioral anchors were added to each skill and were classified by the levels of difficulty (beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels), based on the rating by G-CBT experts. Study 3: Interrater reliability and validity of the rating scale were examined in a sample of forty-one videotaped G-CBT sessions of actual clinical sessions and educational role-plays.ResultsA twelve-item Group Cognitive Therapy Scale was developed. It consists of eleven items that have been adopted from the original Cognitive Therapy Scale, with the addition of a new item called “Intervention Using Relationships with Other Participants.” This scale showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.95), satisfactory inter-rater reliability (interclass correlation coefficients: 0.65 - 0.88), and high predictive validity.ConclusionA novel rating scale to evaluate therapists’ competency in G-CBT was developed and successfully validated.
A Cell-Based Assay for Detection of Anti-Fibrillarin Autoantibodies in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Keppeke Gerson Dierley , Satoh Minoru , Kayser Cristiane , Matos Pedro , Hasegawa Tomoko , Tanaka Shin , Santos Larissa Diogenes , Amaral Rogerio Quintiliano , Rodrigues Silvia Helena , Coelho Andrade Luis Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAnti-fibrillarin antibodies are useful for establishing diagnosis and predicting distinct clinical features in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Anti-fibrillarin produces a characteristic clumpy nucleolar pattern in indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA) that is useful to guide further testing in antigen-specific immunoassays (ASI). Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the gold standard ASI for anti-fibrillarin determination. We established a new anti-fibrillarin Cell-Based Assay (CBA) and compared its diagnostic performance with IP and ASI commercial kits. The clinical features of SSc patients with and without anti-fibrillarin antibodies were analyzed.MethodsA TransMembrane Signal (TMS) was added to the human fibrillarin gene in order to drive the transgenic fibrillarin to the cytoplasmic membrane. HEp-2 cells transfected with a vector containing the TMS-fibrillarin were used as substrate for IFA in the CBA. Sixty-two samples with high-titer nucleolar pattern in HEp-2 IFA (41 clumpy and 21 homogeneous/punctate) were tested for anti-fibrillarin in the CBA, IP, line-blot and ELISA. Clinical SSc phenotype was evaluated in 106 patients according to positive/negative anti-fibrillarin result in the CBA.ResultsTMS-fibrillarin was properly located to the cytoplasmic membrane and recognized by human autoantibodies. Thirty-eight of 41 clumpy nucleolar samples (92.7%) and none of 21 samples with other nucleolar patterns were positive for anti-fibrillarin in the CBA. There was 100% agreement between the positive/negative results in the CBA and IP. Among the 38 CBA-positive samples, only 15 (39.5%) and 11 (29%) were considered positive for anti-fibrillarin in the line-blot and ELISA, respectively. Anti-fibrillarin was associated with higher frequency of diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) phenotype (72.7% vs 36.8%; p=0.022), cardiac involvement (36.4% vs 6.5%; p=0.001) and scleroderma renal crisis (18.2% vs 3.3% p = 0.028).ConclusionWith an innovative strategy of targeting the transgenic autoantigen to the cell membrane, we developed a new straightforward assay for detection of anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies. This new CBA presented high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti-fibrillarin autoantibody, comparable to the gold standard IP. Moreover, anti-fibrillarin antibodies detected in the CBA identified patients with a higher frequency of dcSSc, cardiac and renal involvement.
Correlations Between EEG Spectral Power and Cerebral Perfusion in Adults Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Khan Imad R. , Dar Irfaan A. , Johnson Thomas W. , Loose Emily , Xu Yama Y. , Santiago Esmeralda , Donohue Kelly L. , Marinescu Mark A. , Gosev Igor , Schifitto Giovanni , Choe Regine , Selioutski Olga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivePatients with acute lung or heart failure can experience hypoxic ischemic brain injury resulting in neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction. The NVU couples brain activity and perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for refractory lung and/or heart failure and often necessitates sedation, obfuscating neurological assessments. We hypothesized that combining cerebral electrographic activity and perfusion monitoring can detect brain injury in adults undergoing ECMO.MethodsFast Fourier transformation was used to identify fast (α+β) and slow (δ) power bands from cEEG. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measured blood flow index (BFI), a surrogate of perfusion, daily in adults undergoing ECMO. Correlations between α+β/δ ratio (ABDR) and BFI were compared between patients who were grouped into brain-injured and uninjured groups by neurologic exam and neuroimaging findings.ResultsTen patients (21-78 years old, five females, five brain-injured) underwent cEEG and DCS monitoring. Sixty-eight monitoring sessions (average 127 minutes/session) were analyzed. ABDR-BFI correlation was significantly higher in uninjured patients than brain-injured ones. Sedation did not significantly impact CBF-power band correlation.ConclusionsBrain-injured patients exhibited significantly less correlation between brain activity and perfusion, possibly as a result of NVU dysfunction.SignificanceABDR-BFI correlation can be measured continuously and noninvasively at the bedside and may represent a marker of NVU dysfunction.HighlightsQuantitative EEG and diffuse correlative spectroscopy can be used to measure markers of brain injury noninvasively, continuously, and at the bedside.Decreased ABDR-BFI correlation may be a marker of neurovascular decoupling in patients with hypoxic ischemic brain injury.ABDR-BFI correlation may be independent of analgosedation, which is used heavily in patients undergoing ECMO.