bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalies in global network connectivity associated with early recovery from alcohol dependence: A network transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography study
Authors: Naim‐Feil Jodie , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Rubinson Mica , Lubman Dan I. , Sheppard Dianne M. , Bradshaw John L. , Levit‐Binnun Nava , Moses Elisha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough previous research in alcohol dependent populations identified alterations within local structures of the addiction ‘reward’ circuitry, there is limited research into global features of this network, especially in early recovery. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is capable of non‐invasively perturbing the brain network while electroencephalography (EEG) measures the network response. The current study is the first to apply a TMS inhibitory paradigm while utilising network science (graph theory) to quantify network anomalies associated with alcohol dependence. Eleven individuals with alcohol‐dependence (ALD) in early recovery and 16 healthy controls (HC) were administered 75 single pulses and 75 paired‐pulses (inhibitory paradigm) to both the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC). For each participant, Pearson cross‐correlation was applied to the EEG data and correlation matrices constructed. Global network measures (mean degree, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and global efficiency) were extracted for comparison between groups. Following administration of the inhibitory paired‐pulse TMS to the left PFC, the ALD group exhibited altered mean degree, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and global efficiency compared to HC. Decreases in local efficiency increased the prediction of being in the ALD group, while all network metrics (following paired‐pulse left TMS) were able to adequately discriminate between the groups. In the ALD group, reduced mean degree and global clustering was associated with increased severity of past alcohol use. Our study provides preliminary evidence of altered network topology in patients with alcohol dependence in early recovery. Network anomalies were predictive of high alcohol use and correlated with clinical features of alcohol dependence. Further research using this novel brain mapping technique may identify useful network biomarkers of alcohol dependence and recovery.
People with tobacco use disorder exhibit more prefrontal activity during preparatory control but reduced anterior cingulate activity during reactive control
Authors: Kalhan Shivam , Chen Li Peng Evelyn , Garrido Marta I. , Hester Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReduced inhibitory control and a hypersensitivity to reward are key deficits in drug dependents; however, they tend to be studied in isolation. Here, we seek to understand the neural processes underlying control over reward and how this is different in people with a tobacco use disorder (pTUD). A novel variant of the monetary incentive delay task was performed by pTUD (n = 20) and non‐smokers (n = 20), where we added a stop‐signal component such that participants had to inhibit prepotent responses to earn a larger monetary reward. Brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We estimated stop signal reaction times (SSRTs), an indicator of impulsivity, and correlated these with brain activity. Inhibitory accuracy scores did not differ between the control group and pTUD. However, pTUD had slower SSRTs, suggesting that they may find it harder to inhibit responses. Brain data revealed that pTUD had greater preparatory control activity in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus prior to successful inhibitions over reward. In contrast, non‐smokers had greater reactive control associated with more activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during these successful inhibitions. SSRT–brain activity correlations revealed that pTUD engaged more control‐related prefrontal brain regions when SSRTs are slower. Overall, while the inhibition accuracy scores were similar between groups, differential neural processes and strategies were used to successfully inhibit a prepotent response. The findings suggest that increasing preparatory control in pTUD may be one possible treatment target in order to increase inhibitory control over reward.
Cannibalism and intraguild predation between endemic and introduced coccidophagous lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Oliveira Cynara M , Silva‐Torres Christian S A , Torres Jorge B , De La Pava Nataly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Chilocorini lady beetles Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant are important biological control agents being able to share their habitat and compete for their preferred prey, mealybugs. Whereas T. notata is native to South America, C. montrouzieri is an Australian species introduced in Brazil in a biological control program of mealybugs. This work investigated the cannibalism and intraguild predation between these species in the absence of prey. To test for intraguild predation, one individual larva (instars 1–4) from each species was confined for 24 h with another larva of the same instar or the next instar, in a total of 10 combinations. In addition, we measured predation of T. notata adults upon eggs, larvae, pre‐pupae and pupa of C. montrouzieri, and vice versa. Cannibalism within the species was also tested across adults, larvae and eggs. Results showed asymmetric interactions in favour of C. montrouzieri, which acted as intraguild predator more than 80% of the time when paired with larvae of T. notata either of the same or different instar. In addition, C. montrouzieri adults preyed more upon larvae and eggs of T. notata than the contrary. There was no intraguild predation upon pre‐pupae and pupae. Cannibalism was high upon eggs and first instar larvae of T. notata (89.5% and 65%) and C. montrouzieri (100% and 55%), respectively. Therefore, the exotic C. montrouzieri outcompeted the native T. notata and could become a threat to this endemic species in areas of simultaneous occurrence and under prey scarcity. Thus, the interactions between these lady beetles could affect the success of biological control of mealybugs.
Outcomes associated with once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing of buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder
Authors: Allen Sarah M. , Nichols Taylor A. , Fawcett Janet , Lin Show 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesClinical studies examining once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing of buprenorphine/naloxone in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the absence of comorbid pain are lacking.MethodsThis retrospective chart review aimed to compare 100 patients prescribed single‐daily buprenorphine/naloxone (n = 50) to those prescribed multiple‐daily buprenorphine/naloxone (n = 50) to elucidate the impact that dosing frequency has on negative urine drug screens (UDS) and the number of relapses in OUD.ResultsThe once‐daily cohort produced 84% negative UDSs compared with 74% in the multiple‐daily cohort which was statistically significant (p = .034). There were a total of 43 relapses reported in the once‐daily cohort, compared with 141 relapses in the multiple‐daily cohort (p < .001). The average number of relapses per patient in the single‐daily cohort was 0.68 compared with the multiple‐daily cohort average of 2.16 (p < .001). In the once‐daily cohort, 14% of patients experienced at least one relapse throughout the study, compared with 31% in the multiple‐daily cohort (p < .002). There were no significant differences between time to relapse, adherence to treatment, or treatment retention. Statistically significantly more patients in the multiple‐daily cohort were using methamphetamines (p = .005); there were no significant differences between groups with the use of any other illicit or non‐prescribed substances.Discussion and ConclusionsOnce‐daily dosing was associated with more negative UDSs and fewer opioid relapses compared with multiple‐daily dosing.Scientific SignificanceThis was the first study to evaluate buprenorphine/naloxone dosing frequency for opioid use disorder, in the absence of chronic pain. Additional studies evaluating optimal dosing schedules for relapse prevention are warranted.
Patient outcomes following transfer between intensive care units during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huq F. , Manners E. , O'Callaghan D. , Thakuria L. , Weaver C. , Waheed U. , Stümpfle R. , Brett S. J. , Patel P. , Soni S. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryTransferring critically ill patients between intensive care units (ICU) is often required in the UK, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of data examining clinical outcomes following transfer of patients with COVID‐19 and whether this strategy affects their acute physiology or outcome. We investigated all transfers of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 between three different hospital ICUs, between March 2020 and March 2021. We focused on inter‐hospital ICU transfers (those patients transferred between ICUs from different hospitals) and compared this cohort with intra‐hospital ICU transfers (patients moved between different ICUs within the same hospital). A total of 507 transfers were assessed, of which 137 met the inclusion criteria. Forty‐five patients underwent inter‐hospital transfers compared with 92 intra‐hospital transfers. There was no significant change in median compliance 6 h pre‐transfer, immediately post‐transfer and 24 h post‐transfer in patients who underwent either intra‐hospital or inter‐hospital transfers. For inter‐hospital transfers, there was an initial drop in median PaO2/FIO2 ratio: from median (IQR [range]) 25.1 (17.8–33.7 [12.1–78.0]) kPa 6 h pre‐transfer to 19.5 (14.6–28.9 [9.8–52.0]) kPa immediately post‐transfer (p < 0.05). However, this had resolved at 24 h post‐transfer: 25.4 (16.2–32.9 [9.4–51.9]) kPa. For intra‐hospital transfers, there was no significant change in PaO2/FIO2 ratio. We also found no meaningful difference in pH; PaCO2;, base excess; bicarbonate; or norepinephrine requirements. Our data demonstrate that patients with COVID‐19 undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs may have short‐term physiological deterioration when transferred between nearby hospitals but this resolves within 24 h. This finding is relevant to the UK critical care strategy in the face of unprecedented demand during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Ankyrin‐2 genetic variants: A case of Ankyrin‐B syndrome
Authors: Song Jin , Sasmita Bryan Richard , Deng GuoLan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInherited cardiac arrhythmias (ICA) have become one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in people under 40 years old. Variants in the ankyrin‐B or ankyrin‐2 genes will result in several cardiac arrhythmias ranging from sinus node dysfunction to life‐threatening arrhythmias. In this case study, we report a typical ankyrin‐2 variant, in which ventricular tachyarrhythmias might be reproduced through exercise or stress tests.
Measuring the financial and social performance of French mutual funds: A data envelopment analysis approach
Authors: Shahrour Mohamad Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSocially responsible investors pursue both financial and non‐financial goals. In this paper, we attempt to assess the performance of French socially responsible mutual funds (SRMFs). We consider the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which allows us to assign a unique efficiency score while combining financial and social characteristics, using various combinations within different types of risk (total risk, market risk, and downside risk). We report the list of funds found to be DEA efficient using various output‐oriented models. We also compare our obtained results with the traditional and modern measures used in the literature (Sharpe, Treynor, and the information ratio). We contribute to the literature by testing the validity of the DEA methodology in the financial context. The findings have important implications for fund selection processes and would be mainly of interest to investors and fund managers who integrate environmental, social, and governance criteria into their investment choices.
Mixed‐methods exploration of views on choice in a university asymptomatic COVID‐19 testing programme
Authors: Cox Caitríona , Ansari Akbar , McLaughlin Meredith , van der Scheer Jan W. , Bousfield Jennifer , George Jenny , Leach Brandi , Parkinson Sarah , Dixon‐Woods Mary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAsymptomatic COVID‐19 testing programmes are being introduced in higher education institutions, but stakeholder views regarding the acceptability of mandating or incentivizing participation remain little understood. A mixed‐method study (semi‐structured interviews and a survey including open and closed questions) was undertaken in a case study university with a student testing programme. Survey data were analysed descriptively; analysis for interviews was based on the framework method. Two hundred and thirty‐nine people participated in the study: 213 in the survey (189 students, 24 staff), and 26 in interviews (19 students, 7 staff). There was majority (62%) but not universal support for voluntary participation, with a range of concerns expressed about the potentially negative effects of mandating testing. Those who supported mandatory testing tended to do so on the grounds that it would protect others. There was also majority (64%) opposition to penalties for refusing to test. Views on restricting access to face‐to‐face teaching for non‐participants were polarized. Three‐quarters (75%) supported incentives, though there were some concerns about effectiveness and unintended consequences. Participants emphasized the importance of communication about the potential benefits of testing. Preserving the voluntariness of participation in student asymptomatic testing programmes is likely to be the most ethically sound policy unless circumstances change.
Collaboration at a microscale: Cultural differences in family interactions
Authors: Dayton Andrew , Aceves‐Azuara Itzel , Rogoff Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing a holistic, process approach, this article brings attention to cultural differences in the prevalence of fluid synchrony in collaboration, at a microanalytic scale of analysis that is embodied in the processes of everyday life. We build on findings that in a number of Indigenous American communities, fluid and harmonious collaboration is prioritized both in community organization at a scale of years and centuries, and in everyday family interactions and researcher‐organized tasks at a scale of days, hours, or minutes. We examined whether this sophisticated fluid collaboration could be seen even at a scale of fractions of seconds. At a microscale of 200‐millisecond segments, Guatemalan Mayan triads of mothers and children frequently engaged mutually, in fluid synchrony together, when exploring novel objects. They did so more commonly than did European American mother‐child triads, who usually engaged solo or in dyads, with one person left out, or resisted each other. This microanalysis of mutuality in family interactions reveals the role of culture in the foundations of thinking and working together in both Mayan and European American communities, and the fruitfulness of considering developmental processes holistically.
Individual differences in meditation interventions: A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Buric Ivana , Farias Miguel , Driessen Josi M. A. , Brazil Inti A. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesMeditation interventions typically show small to moderate effects on health and well‐being, but we know little about how these effects vary across individuals. This meta‐analytic study investigates the relationship between baseline participant characteristics and the outcomes of meditation.MethodsA systematic search yielded 51 eligible studies with 7782 participants. A combination of subgroup analyses and meta‐regression based on the random‐effects model were used.ResultsWe found that a higher baseline level of psychopathology or depression was associated with deterioration in mental health after a meditation intervention. On the other hand, participants with higher scores on interpersonal variables, motivation, medical conditions, and mindfulness showed higher levels of positive meditation outcomes. Higher well‐being and stress were simultaneously associated with moderate increases in negative and positive meditation outcomes. Participant demographics, psychological traits, self‐concept, and length of meditation practice did not significantly influence the response to meditation.ConclusionsOverall, we found that meditation interventions affect participants differently, and identified some of the individual characteristics that should be considered when using meditation interventions.
Labour market conditions and adult health in Mexico
Authors: Gunes Pinar Mine , Tsaneva Magda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the role of local labour market conditions on self‐reported adult physical and mental health and health behaviours in Mexico. We construct measures of overall and gender‐specific predicted employment growth rates using a shift‐share approach that exploits exogenous variation in national industry‐specific growth rates and baseline industry employment shares across municipalities. Using detailed household‐level panel data and individual fixed effects, we find that increases in overall formal labour demand improve physical health of men but have no effect on the health of women. However, increases in gender‐specific formal labour demand improve the physical health of both men and women, with larger effects among men. We also find significant but small effects of male labour demand on the mental health of men. All effects are more pronounced for less educated people. Finally, we explore a range of potential mechanisms, finding that the effects might operate through changes in labour market outcomes, but we do not find evidence that the effects operate through changes in health behaviours.
The effects of language instruction on math development
Authors: Espinas Daniel R. , Fuchs Lynn S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow does language shape mathematical development? In this article, we consider this question by reviewing findings from cross‐sectional and longitudinal research. In this literature, we find that differences in the structures of languages and individual variations in language ability are associated with mathematical performance in both obvious and unexpected ways. We then consider the causal nature of these relations, with a focus on experimental studies that have tested the effects of language instruction on mathematical outcomes. Findings from this work show that certain forms of language instruction meaningfully improve performance in several mathematical domains, providing strong evidence of a linguistic pathway in mathematical development. However, much additional research is needed to understand how language instruction may be integrated optimally into math education. We conclude with recommendations for research.
Temperament and psychopathology: The “community” to which you belong matters
Authors: Xie Wanze , Bathelt Joe , Fasman Anna , Nelson Charles A. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe utilized a community detection approach to longitudinally (a) identify distinct groups of children with common temperament profiles in infancy and at 2 and 3 years of age and (b) determine whether co‐occurrence of certain temperament traits may be early predictors of internalizing problems at 5 years of age. Seven hundred and seventy‐four infants (360 girls; 88.6% White, 9.8% Hispanic, and 1.6% other races) were recruited from the Boston area. Data collection spanned from 2012 to 2021. The analysis yielded three distinct groups of children with different temperament traits and was associated with significant variation in levels of internalizing symptoms and anxiety diagnosis rate. Our findings suggest that stable temperament “communities” can be detected in early childhood and may predict risk for psychopathology later in life.
The ambivalent visit: Children's experiences of relating with their fathers during staying in shelters for women survivors of domestic violence
Authors: Vass Anat , Haj‐Yahia Muhammad M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildren's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem that has been increasingly examined during the last four decades. In the case of severe IPV, children are placed with their mothers in shelters for women survivors of domestic violence (SDV). The current study aimed to understand young children's descriptions of relating with their fathers during their stay in SDVs. Interviews were conducted with 32 Israeli children, aged 7 to 12 years. Two main themes and five subthemes were identified through thematic analysis: (1) Atypical visiting arrangements (subthemes: a lack of understanding about the meaning of supervised visitations, inconsistent and unstable visitations); (2) ambivalent attitudes towards the visiting arrangements (subthemes: enjoying fathers' attention and shared family time, worry and guilt following the visitations, controversial messages from fathers). The findings demonstrate the children's subjective views and emphasize the benefit of gathering qualitative data from young children in the context of exposure to IPV. Findings are discussed in light of the cognitive dissonance reduction theory. Limitations of the study are discussed, along with implications for practice, theory and future research.
Modelling the distribution and intraguild associations of an understudied mesocarnivore across the contiguous United States
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Green Austin M. , Moll Remington J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding the range‐wide distribution and abundance of species is critical for their conservation and management. Grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are an understudied, low‐density mesocarnivore with a broad geographic range. However, the factors that underlie this broad distribution are poorly understood and large‐scale analyses of this species’ range and ecological niche are lacking.LocationWe modelled the probability and intensity of site use for grey foxes at two spatial scales using a coordinated survey of 1485 camera traps across the contiguous United States in 2019.MethodsWe used Bayesian occupancy modelling and post hoc species interaction comparisons to evaluate factors hypothesized to affect grey fox site use, including habitat, anthropogenic effects, and intraguild interactions.ResultsOur results showed that the presence of bobcats (Lynx rufus) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), as well as forest variables, had positive associations with grey fox site use. Surprisingly, we found no support for negative effects on grey fox space use from dominant competitors (coyotes, Canis latrans, or pumas, Puma concolor), and a complete lack of effects from urbanization metrics and gross primary productivity. We did, however, find a consistent negative association with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), which is the most ecologically and morphologically similar competitor of grey foxes.Main conclusionsTaken together, these results imply that grey fox distribution is not limited by dominant carnivores or anthropogenic pressure. Rather, this species seems to occupy a unique niche across its broad range by exploiting diverse forest habitats shared with less ecologically similar competitors (striped skunks and raccoons, Procyon lotor), while being somewhat limited by a competitor occupying a similar ecological niche (red foxes). Our study highlights the value of broad‐scale approaches for evaluating factors influencing the distribution and abundance of understudied species, as local dynamics might fail to manifest across geographic ranges.