bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear learning and extinction predicts anxiety in daily life: a study of Pavlovian conditioning and ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Modecki Kathryn L. , Ryan Katherine M. , Waters Allison M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association between anxious mood and aberrant fear learning mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. Studying how fear conditioning and extinction constructs relate to anxiety symptoms and reactivity to stressful and benign moments in everyday life provides a powerful addition to experimental paradigms.MethodFifty-one young adults completed laboratory-based differential conditioning and extinction tasks with (CS + ) and without (CS-) an aversive unconditional stimulus (US). Electrodermal skin conductance responses were measured during each phase, followed by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tapping anxiety and stressors six times daily for seven days (2, 142 moments).ResultsConditioned electrodermal reactivity to the CS + and overgeneralisation to the CS- were associated with greater change in anxiety (measured via EMA), across non-stressful situations, remaining the same across stressful situations. Likewise, during extinction when the CS + is now safe, more electrodermal reactivity to the CS + was associated with more anxiety change across non-stressful situations and remained the same across stressful situations. Also, during extinction when threat is absent, more electrodermal reactivity at the late stage of the CS- was associated with less momentary anxiety change in response to stressful situations; more electrodermal activity at the late stage of the CS + was associated with more anxiety change across non-stressful situations and remained the same across stressful situations.ConclusionsSampling ‘in vivo’ emotion and stress experiences, study findings revealed links between conditioned electrodermal reactivity and overgeneralisation to safe stimuli and heightened anxious reactivity during non-stressful (i.e. safe) moments in daily life, coupled with less change in response to actual stressors.
Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rajiv , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Erzin Gamze , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Gunther Nicole , Bak Maarten , Rutten Bart P. F. , van Os Jim , Guloksuz Sinan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evidence suggests that people use cannabis to ameliorate anxiety and depressive symptoms, yet cannabis also acutely worsens psychosis and affective symptoms. However, the temporal relationship between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences (PE) in longitudinal studies is unclear. This may be informed by examination of mutually mediating roles of cannabis, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the emergence of PE.MethodsData were derived from the second longitudinal Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE, using KHB logit in STATA while adjusting for age, sex and education status.ResultsCannabis use was found to mediate the relationship between preceding anxiety, depressive symptoms and later PE incidence, but the indirect contribution of cannabis use was small (for anxiety: % of total effect attributable to cannabis use = 1.00%; for depression: % of total effect attributable to cannabis use = 1.4%). Interestingly, anxiety and depressive symptoms were found to mediate the relationship between preceding cannabis use and later PE incidence to a greater degree (% of total effect attributable to anxiety = 17%; % of total effect attributable to depression = 37%).ConclusionThis first longitudinal cohort study examining the mediational relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE, shows that there is a bidirectional relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE. However, the contribution of anxiety/depressive symptoms as a mediator was greater than that of cannabis.
“Oldies come bottom of Grim Reaper hierarchy” : A framing analysis of UK newspaper coverage of old age and risk of dying during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: CARNEY GEMMA M. , MAGUIRE STEPHANIE , BYRNE BRONAGH 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines UK newspaper coverage during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic March-August 2020. A qualitative framing analysis of public messaging on age in five high circulation newspapers provides a detailed account of who is deemed to be at risk of dying from COVID-19. Newspapers represent older people as most at risk, with disability as a secondary factor. Reports on who is responsible, who is at risk, and who is to blame for deaths from COVID-19 are framed as issues of public health and generational fairness, with individual responsibility occupying a prominent role. We also find two counter-frames. First, in letters to the editor, older people’s pleas for freedom are framed as a fight for their civil liberties. Second, newspapers praise 99-year-old Captain Tom Moore and frame his behaviour as a source of national pride. We identify this as positive ageism. We conclude that reporting across progressive and conservative newspapers reflects age-based stereotypes and paternalism towards older people. Public figures are represented as scapegoats or heroes, offering distraction from the less newsworthy fact that long-term under-investment in social care increased the risk of dying amongst the old and disabled during the pandemic.
‘Because I’m not musical’: A critical case study of music education training for pre-service generalist primary teachers in Australia
Authors: Carroll Christine , Harris Joanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe literature concerning pre-service training in music education for generalist primary or elementary school teachers reveals a long-standing problem for teacher educators: low or poor self-efficacy concerning the teaching of classroom music. Concurrently, a critical examination of training programmes has less often featured, with only limited discussion of digital approaches to classroom music-making constituting the focus of empirical research. Through a focused case study in one Australian university, 136 pre-service teachers participated in a face-to-face module of interactive music education which culminated in a peer-directed collaborative digital music-making project. Pre- and post-surveys were implemented with shifts in pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy measured according to Bandura’s self-efficacy scales. Legitimation Code Theory from the sociology of education then served as an overarching theoretical lens through which to appraise the findings. Despite an enduring self-concept as ‘non-musicians’, the results highlight positive shifts in self-efficacy through the utilisation of peer-directed digital music-making tasks, with implications for teacher training programmes more broadly situated.
Parabolic subgroups of large-type Artin groups
Authors: CUMPLIDO MARÍA , MARTIN ALEXANDRE , VASKOU NICOLAS 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe show that the geometric realisation of the poset of proper parabolic subgroups of a large-type Artin group has a systolic geometry. We use this geometry to show that the set of parabolic subgroups of a large-type Artin group is stable under arbitrary intersections and forms a lattice for the inclusion. As an application, we show that parabolic subgroups of large-type Artin groups are stable under taking roots and we completely characterise the parabolic subgroups that are conjugacy stable.We also use this geometric perspective to recover and unify results describing the normalisers of parabolic subgroups of large-type Artin groups.
“Single Sparks” and Legacies: An Eventful Account of the May Fourth Movement
Authors: Frazier Mark W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe watershed in modern Chinese politics known as the May Fourth Movement (1919) offers insights into how a single protest event can quickly diffuse to other regions, draw in new participants and produce legacies in contentious politics. This article examines the May Fourth protests from the perspective of “eventful sociology” – an approach that examines how protests, repression and other contingent events link together to bring about landmark political episodes. It traces the sequence of protest and repression events in Beijing and draws on an original database of protest and repression events in Shanghai to emphasize the haphazard sequencing of actions and information flows that led the Chinese government to reverse its stance and concede to protestors’ demands. An eventful account illustrates how past protest sequences can produce a long-term impact on subsequent protest events. It also calls for greater awareness of “single sparks” that initiate protest sequences and unexpected political outcomes.
A machine learning algorithm to analyse the effects of vaccination on COVID-19 mortality
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo , Mele Marco , Coccia Mario 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with new variants, continues to be a constant pandemic threat that is generating socio-economic and health issues in manifold countries. The principal goal of this study is to develop a machine learning experiment to assess the effects of vaccination on the fatality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 192 countries are analysed to explain the phenomena under study. This new algorithm selected two targets: the number of deaths and the fatality rate. Results suggest that, based on the respective vaccination plan, the turnout in the participation in the vaccination campaign, and the doses administered, countries under study suddenly have a reduction in the fatality rate of COVID-19 precisely at the point where the cut effect is generated in the neural network. This result is significant for the international scientific community. It would demonstrate the effective impact of the vaccination campaign on the fatality rate of COVID-19, whatever the country considered. In fact, once the vaccination has started (for vaccines that require a booster, we refer to at least the first dose), the antibody response of people seems to prevent the probability of death related to COVID-19. In short, at a certain point, the fatality rate collapses with increasing doses administered. All these results here can help decisions of policymakers to prepare optimal strategies, based on effective vaccination plans, to lessen the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in socioeconomic and health systems.
Measles epidemic in Southern Vietnam: an age-stratified spatio-temporal model for infectious disease counts
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang , Faes Christel , Hens Niel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Measles resurged in Vietnam between 2018 and 2020, especially in the Southern region. The proportion of children with measles infection showed quite some variation at the provincial level. We applied a spatio-temporal endemic–epidemic modelling framework for age-stratified infectious disease counts using measles surveillance data collected in Southern Vietnam between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2020. We found that disease transmission within age groups was greatest in young children aged 0–4 years whereas a relatively high between-group transmission was observed in older age groups (5–14 years, 15–24 years and 25+ years groups). At the provincial level, spatial transmission followed an age-dependent distance decay with measles spread mainly depending on local and neighbouring transmission. Our study helped to clarify the measles transmission dynamics in a more detailed fashion with respect to age strata, time and space. Findings from this study may help determine proper strategies in measles outbreak control including promotion of age-targeted intervention programmes in specific areas.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in combination with cognitive training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a controlled 3-parallel-arm study
Authors: Pallanti Stefano , Grassi Eleonora , Knotkova Helena , Galli Giulia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies showed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), however, whether tDCS leads to additional gains when combined with cognitive training remains unclear. This study aims to compare the effects of a concurrent tDCS-cognitive training intervention with either tDCS or cognitive training alone on a group of patients with MCI.MethodsThe study was a 3-parallel-arm study. The intervention consisted of 20 daily sessions of 20 minutes each. Patients (n = 62) received anodal tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive training on 5 cognitive domains (orientation, attention, memory, language, and executive functions), or both. To examine intervention gains, we examined global cognitive functioning, verbal short-term memory, visuospatial memory, and verbal fluency pre- and post-intervention.ResultsAll outcome measures improved after the intervention in the 3 groups. The improvement in global cognitive functioning and verbal fluency was significantly larger in patients who received the combined intervention. Instead, the intervention gain in verbal short-term memory and visuospatial memory was similar across the 3 groups.DiscussiontDCS, regardless of the practicalities, could be an efficacious treatment in combination with cognitive training given the increased effectiveness of the combined treatment.ConclusionsFuture studies will need to consider individual differences at baseline, including genetic factors and anatomical differences that impact the electric field generated by tDCS and should also consider the feasibility of at-home treatments consisting of the application of tDCS with cognitive training.
Cognitive dispersion is elevated in amyloid-positive older adults and associated with regional hypoperfusion
Authors: Holmqvist Sophia L. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Edmonds Emily C. , Calcetas Amanda , Edwards Lauren , Bangen Katherine J. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:Cognitive dispersion across neuropsychological measures within a single testing session is a promising marker predictive of cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known regarding brain changes underlying cognitive dispersion, and the association of cognitive dispersion with in vivo AD biomarkers and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) has received limited study. We therefore examined associations among cognitive dispersion, amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity, and regional CBF among older adults free of dementia.Method:One hundred and forty-eight Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants underwent neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging. Pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired to quantify CBF. Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging determined Aβ positivity.Results:Adjusting for age, gender, education, and mean cognitive performance, older adults who were Aβ+ showed higher cognitive dispersion relative to those who were Aβ-. Across the entire sample, higher cognitive dispersion was associated with reduced CBF in inferior parietal and temporal regions. Secondary analyses stratified by Aβ status demonstrated that higher cognitive dispersion was associated with reduced CBF among Aβ+ individuals but not among those who were Aβ-.Conclusions:Cognitive dispersion may be sensitive to early Aβ accumulation and cerebrovascular changes adjusting for demographics and mean neuropsychological performance. Associations between cognitive dispersion and CBF were observed among Aβ+ individuals, suggesting that cognitive dispersion may be a marker of brain changes among individuals on the AD continuum. Future studies should examine whether cognitive dispersion predicts brain changes in diverse samples and among those with greater vascular risk burden.
The impact of a healthy checkout intervention on fruit and vegetable ‘micro-pack’ purchases in New Mexico
Authors: Rogus Stephanie , Guthrie Joanne , Niculescu Mihai , Xu Lina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:Produce sold as plastic-wrapped packs of two to four individual items (i.e., produce micro-packs) that are low cost and placed at checkout may appeal to shoppers with budget constraints and provide a second chance to purchase items available elsewhere in the store. This study examined the impact of an intervention that placed produce micro-packs at checkout and promoted them in grocery stores across New Mexico, USA.Design:This quasi-experimental study placed produce micro-packs at checkout end-caps in thirteen stores (group 1), with eight stores serving as controls (group 2) from 1 July 2019 through 31 January 2020 (first phase). The intervention was extended to group 2 stores from 1 February 2020 through 30 June 2020 (second phase). Cashiers were directed to upsell the micro-packs to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children recipients who had unspent cash value benefits for produce purchases.Setting:Twenty-one grocery stores across New Mexico.Participants:Twenty-one produce items sold as micro-packs in stores from July 2019 through June 2020.Results:A random effects model showed that the daily sales of micro-packs increased by 47 % during each intervention period. Group 2 stores had lower sales than group 1 stores during the first phase of the intervention. Once extended to group 2 stores, sales of micro-packs in those stores increased and sales in group 1 stores continued at the higher level.Conclusions:Placing produce micro-packs at checkout may increase produce sales and support health promotion efforts by public and private stakeholders.
Measurement and Calculation of X-Ray Production Efficiencies for Copper, Zirconium, and Tungsten
Authors: Procop Mathias , Terborg Ralf 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is based on physical relations between measured X-ray intensities of characteristic lines and their X-ray production efficiency, which depends on the specimen composition. The quality of the analysis results relies on how realistically the physical relations describe the generation and emission of X-rays. Special experiments are necessary to measure X-ray production efficiencies. A challenge in these experiments is the determination of the detection efficiency of the spectrometer as a function of the photon energy. An energy-dispersive spectrometer was used in this work, for which the efficiency was determined at metrological synchrotron beamlines with an accuracy of ±2%. X-ray production efficiencies for the L series and the Kα series of copper and zirconium and for the M and L series of tungsten were determined at energies up to 30 keV in a scanning electron microscope. These experimental values were compared with calculated X-ray production efficiencies using physical relations and material constants applied in EPMA. The objective of the comparison is the further improvement of EPMA algorithms as well as extending the available database for X-ray production efficiencies. Experimental data for the X-ray production efficiency are also useful for the assessment of spectrum simulation software.
Morpho-functional Analysis of the Head Glands in Three Auchenorrhyncha Species and Their Possible Biological Significance
Authors: Sevarika Milos , Di Giulio Andrea , Rondoni Gabriele , Conti Eric , Romani Roberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Cicadomorpha Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Cicadella viridis are known transmitters of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Here, we studied the ultrastructural organization of their cephalic glands. Our investigations with scanning, transmission, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopes and light microscope revealed for the first time in Auchenorrhyncha the presence of two types of cephalic glands. Both belonged to the Class III epidermal glands, according to the Noirot and Quennedey classification. Type A glands were the most common, being mainly located around antennae, lorum, and gena. Moreover, these glands were observed also on the abdomen and thorax, always in association with sensilla trichoidea. The second type of glands (type B) were located exclusively at the apical part of the postclypeus in P. spumarius and N. campestris. The ultrastructural organization was similar in both types, being composed of a secretory cell and a conducting canal. Differences were observed in the width of the cuticular opening, being smaller in the type II glands. In addition, we have recorded the presence of a maxillary sensory pit in all species and described sensilla trichoidea ultrastructural organization. Finally, we discussed the ultrastructural organization of the glands and their potential biological role.
LEAVITT PATH ALGEBRAS OF WEIGHTED AND SEPARATED GRAPHS
Authors: ARA PERE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show that Leavitt path algebras of weighted graphs and Leavitt path algebras of separated graphs are intimately related. We prove that any Leavitt path algebra$L(E,\omega )$of a row-finite vertex weighted graph$(E,\omega )$is$*$-isomorphic to the lower Leavitt path algebra of a certain bipartite separated graph$(E(\omega ),C(\omega ))$. For a general locally finite weighted graph$(E, \omega )$, we show that a certain quotient$L_1(E,\omega )$of$L(E,\omega )$is$*$-isomorphic to an upper Leavitt path algebra of another bipartite separated graph$(E(w)_1,C(w)^1)$. We furthermore introduce the algebra${L^{\mathrm {ab}}} (E,w)$, which is a universal tame$*$-algebra generated by a set of partial isometries. We draw some consequences of our results for the structure of ideals of$L(E,\omega )$, and we study in detail two different maximal ideals of the Leavitt algebra$L(m,n)$.
ON SHAVRUKOV’S NON-ISOMORPHISM THEOREM FOR DIAGONALIZABLE ALGEBRAS
Authors: KOLMAKOV EVGENY A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove a strengthened version of Shavrukov’s result on the non-isomorphism of diagonalizable algebras of two
$\Sigma _1$
-sound theories, based on the improvements previously found by Adamsson. We then obtain several corollaries to the strengthened result by applying it to various pairs of theories and obtain new non-isomorphism examples. In particular, we show that there are no surjective homomorphisms from the algebra
$(\mathfrak {L}_T, \Box _T\Box _T)$
onto the algebra
$(\mathfrak {L}_T, \Box _T)$
. The case of bimodal diagonalizable algebras is also considered. We give several examples of pairs of theories with isomorphic diagonalizable algebras but non-isomorphic bimodal diagonalizable algebras.
“The worker deserves his wages”? Religion and support for organized labor in the U.S. Senate
Authors: McTague John , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between senators' personal religious affiliations and their roll-call voting record on organized labor's policy agenda. While an impressive body of literature now demonstrates clear connections between religion and representation in the U.S. Congress, fewer studies have linked religion to issues outside of the realm of cultural and moral policy. Based on a data set spanning 1980 through 2020, our findings show that evangelical Protestants are significantly the most opposed to organized labor's legislative agenda, while Jewish senators are the most supportive. Other religions fall in between, depending on the decade. The findings imply that the reach of religion in Congress may run even deeper than is commonly understood. It extends beyond the culture wars to one of the most salient issue cleavages in the modern history of the American politics.