bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for HCC in contemporary cohorts of patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Kanwal Fasiha , Khaderi Saira , Singal Amit G. , Marrero Jorge A. , Loo Nicole , Asrani Sumeet K. , Amos Christopher I. , Thrift Aaron P. , Gu Xiangjun , Luster Michelle , Al‐Sarraj Abeer , Ning Jing , El‐Serag Hashem B. 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Etiological risk factors for cirrhosis have changed in the last decade. It remains unclear to what extent these trends in cirrhosis risk factors have changed HCC risk.

Approach and Results:
We used data from two contemporary, prospective multiethnic cohorts of patients with cirrhosis: the Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium Cohort and the Houston Veterans Administration Cirrhosis Surveillance Cohort. Patients with cirrhosis were enrolled from seven US centers and followed until HCC diagnosis, transplant, death, or June 30, 2021. We calculated the annual incidence rates for HCC and examined the effects of etiology, demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors on the risk of HCC. We included 2733 patients with cirrhosis (mean age 60.1 years, 31.3% women). At enrollment, 19.0% had active HCV, 23.3% had cured HCV, 16.1% had alcoholic liver disease, and 30.1% had NAFLD. During 7406 person‐years of follow‐up, 135 patients developed HCC at an annual incidence rate of 1.82% (95% CI, 1.51–2.13). The annual HCC incidence rate was 1.71% in patients with cured HCV, 1.32% in patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 1.24% in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis. Compared to patients with NAFLD, the risk of progression to HCC was 2‐fold higher in patients with cured HCV (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.24–3.35). Current smoking (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01–2.63) and overweight/obesity (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.08–2.95) were also associated with HCC risk.

Conclusions:
HCC incidence among patients with cirrhosis was lower than previously reported. HCC risk was variable across etiologies, with higher risk in patients with HCV cirrhosis and lower risk in those with NAFLD cirrhosis. Current smoking and overweight/obesity increased HCC risk across etiologies.
Cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology: Advances and controversies
Authors: Ibrahim Samar H. , Kamath Binita M. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Karpen Saul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the application of modern investigative technologies, cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology are increasingly identified as the root cause of previously designated “idiopathic” adult and pediatric liver diseases. Here, we review advances in the field enhanced by a deeper understanding of the phenotypes associated with specific gene defects that lead to cholestatic liver diseases. There are evolving areas for clinicians in the current era specifically regarding the role for biopsy and opportunities for a “sequencing first” approach. Risk stratification based on the severity of the genetic defect holds promise to guide the decision to pursue primary liver transplantation versus medical therapy or nontransplant surgery, as well as early screening for HCC. In the present era, the expanding toolbox of recently approved therapies for hepatologists has real potential to help many of our patients with genetic causes of cholestasis. In addition, there are promising agents under study in the pipeline. Relevant to the current era, there are still gaps in knowledge of causation and pathogenesis and lack of fully accepted biomarkers of disease progression and pruritus. We discuss strategies to overcome the challenges of genotype–phenotype correlation and draw attention to the extrahepatic manifestations of these diseases. Finally, with attention to identifying causes and treatments of genetic cholestatic disorders, we anticipate a vibrant future of this dynamic field which builds upon current and future therapies, real‐world evaluations of individual and combined therapeutics, and the potential incorporation of effective gene editing and gene additive technologies.
Phosphorus and potassium recovery from anaerobically digested olive mill wastewater using modified zeolite, fly ash and zeolitic fly ash: a comparative study
Authors: Mitrogiannis Dimitris , Psychogiou Maria , Manthos Georgios , Tsigkou Konstantina , Kornaros Michael , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Michailidis Dimitris , Palles Dimitrios , Kamitsos Efstratios I , Mavrogonatos Constantinos , Baziotis Ioannis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutrient recovery from wastewater is gaining attention in the frame of circular economy. In this study, Ca(OH)2‐treated zeolite (CaT‐Z), lignite fly ash (FA) and zeolitic fly ash (ZFA) were primarily used to adsorb phosphate phosphorus (PO4‐P) from anaerobically digested olive mill wastewater (ADOMW). The simultaneous recovery of potassium (K) was also examined based on adsorption and desorption data. The fractionation of adsorbed P was determined as an important parameter for its plant availability.RESULTSMore P was adsorbed from ADOMW on ZFA and FA (up to 4.35 and 5.21 mg g−1, respectively) than on CaT‐Z (2.62 mg g−1). An increased P adsorption on ZFA and FA was observed between incubation times of 7 and 14 days. The sequential desorption procedure verified the trend of P adsorption capacities and showed that the plant‐available P (NaHCO3‐P) amounted to 1.34, 2.34 and 1.69 mg g−1 CaT‐Z, ZFA and FA, respectively. After 14 days, CaT‐Z and ZFA adsorbed much more K (19.2 and 20.5 mg g−1, respectively) than FA (4.3 mg g−1). The desorption of exchangeable K confirmed this difference. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry analyses indicated P adsorption and surface precipitation as Ca–P phases as well as K+ for Ca2+ ion exchange on the loaded adsorbents.CONCLUSIONSZFA was more efficient for dual adsorption combining the properties of the zeolitic fraction (enhanced K adsorption) and pristine FA (P adsorption on Ca‐bearing phases). The sufficient concentrations of plant‐available P and K on the three adsorbents suggest their potential use as soil amendments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in Germany may represent the sum of a large number of local but independent epidemics each initiated by individuals aged 10–19 years, middle‐aged males, or elderly individuals
Authors: Häusler Martin , Kleines Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany epidemiological aspects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemics, particularly those affecting children, are still sparsely elucidated. Data on the first pandemic phase during the year 2020 indicated that children might serve as a virus reservoir. We now analyzed data on more than 530 000 SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 12 503 anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody tests performed in the west of Germany until Week 4 of 2021. We show that children of at least 10 years of age may play a prominent role in the pandemic showing highest PCR‐positive rates in the first (Weeks 28–35), second (Weeks 42–48), and third wave (Week 50 of 2020–Week 2 2021) of the second pandemic phase, although the waves were not mainly initiated by children. The waves' kinetics differed even in nearby cities. Low PCR‐positive rates were confined to areas of lower population density. PCR‐positive rates were higher among middle‐aged males compared with women and among very old females compared with males. From Week 25, seroprevalence rates slowly increased to 50%, indicating ongoing virus activity. In conclusion, the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemics is characterized by many local but interacting epidemics, initiated and driven by different social groups. Children may not be the main initiators of virus spreading but older children may significantly affect the course of the pandemic. High population density is associated with higher SARS‐CoV‐2 incidence.
Development and optimization of a high‐throughput screening assay for in vitro anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity: Evaluation of 5676 Phase 1 Passed Structures
Authors: Chiu Winston , Verschueren Lore , Van den Eynde Christel  , Buyck Christophe , De Meyer Sandra , Jochmans Dirk , Bojkova Denisa , Ciesek Sandra , Cinatl Jindrich , De Jonghe Steven , Leyssen Pieter , Neyts Johan , Van Loock Marnix , Van Damme Ellen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough vaccines are currently used to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, treatment options are urgently needed for those who cannot be vaccinated and for future outbreaks involving new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains or coronaviruses not covered by current vaccines. Thus far, few existing antivirals are known to be effective against SARS‐CoV‐2 and clinically successful against COVID‐19. As part of an immediate response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a high‐throughput, high content imaging–based SARS‐CoV‐2 infection assay was developed in VeroE6 African green monkey kidney epithelial cells expressing a stable enhanced green fluorescent protein (VeroE6‐eGFP cells) and was used to screen a library of 5676 compounds that passed Phase 1 clinical trials. Eight drugs (nelfinavir, RG‐12915, itraconazole, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sematilide, remdesivir, and doxorubicin) were identified as inhibitors of in vitro anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in VeroE6‐eGFP and/or Caco‐2 cell lines. However, apart from remdesivir, toxicity and pharmacokinetic data did not support further clinical development of these compounds for COVID‐19 treatment.
Occurrence and molecular characterization of human pegivirus‐1 (HPgV‐1) viremia in healthy volunteer blood donors from Northern Portugal
Authors: Castro Mafalda , Matas Isabel M. , Silva Eliane , Barradas Patrícia Ferreira , Amorim Irina , Gomes Helena , Monteiro Álvaro , Nascimento Maria São José , Mesquita João R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman pegivirus‐1 (HPgV‐1) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and the Pegivirus genus. Despite having been discovered 25 years ago, there is still much to know regarding HPgV‐1 clinical impact, as this virus is currently not associated with any pathology. Yet, HPgV‐1 prevalence and molecular characterization are still unknown in many countries, including Portugal. To fill in this knowledge gap, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of HPgV‐1 in a group of healthy blood donors from the north of Portugal. Blood samples from 465 Portuguese blood donors were collected from a major Hospital Center in the north of Portugal. RNA was extracted and an initial nested RT‐PCR was performed targeting the conserved 5′‐untranslated region region of the HPgV‐1 genome. A second nested RT‐PCR targeting the E2 region was performed for genotyping. Only one sample tested positive for HPgV‐1 RNA, resulting in a prevalence of approximately 0.22%. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the characterization as genotype 2, the most prevalent in Europe.
Proficient power control strategy for combined solar gas turbine‐wind turbine generator‐biodiesel generator based two area interconnected microgrid employed with DC link using Harris's hawk optimization optimised tilt‐integral‐derivative controller
Authors: Bhuyan Mausri , Das Dulal Chandra , Barik Amar Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work portrays control of frequency in an unique independent double area interconnected hybrid microgrid system (IHM) including a novel combined solar gas turbine (CSGT), biodiesel generator (BDG), wind turbine generator (WTG), energy storage units and DC link (DCL) using tilt‐integral‐derivative (TID) controller. A recently developed metaheuristic algorithm termed as Harris's hawk optimization (HHO) technique is used to obtain the controller gain constraints. Use of CSGT in 2‐ area IHM for load frequency control (LFC) is a novel work and use of TID controller and HHO technique for tuning the controllers' parameters for such IHM are the other unique works. The dynamic performance of TID, PID and PI controllers are compared with the gains obtained by tuning with different algorithms. The results obtained established the superiority of HHO optimised TID controller. The effect of each component on the system are analysed subjected to consideration of different real‐time scenarios. At last, a sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the source and load conditions to establish the dominance of the HHO optimised TID controller.
Accelerating vehicle fleet turnover to achieve sustainable mobility goals
Authors: Naumov Sergey , Keith David R. , Sterman John D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAchieving societal climate goals requires rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. Recent efforts by policymakers have focused on increasing consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Nevertheless, EV sales remain low. Worse, even if EV market share jumped dramatically, it would take decades to replace the existing vehicle fleet, during which time vehicle GHG emissions would continue, worsening climate change. Consequently, some argue for policies to accelerate the retirement of inefficient fossil‐powered vehicles through “cash‐for‐clunkers” (C4C) programs. We examine C4C policies through a behavioral model of vehicle fleet turnover and EV market development in the United States. We find C4C policies can substantially reduce vehicle fleet emissions at reasonable cost per tonne of CO2. To meet emissions reductions goals, C4C policies should apply only when consumers replace their fossil‐powered vehicles with EVs. C4C policies incentivizing EVs accelerate cost reductions through scale economies, charging infrastructure deployment, model variety, and consumer awareness, boosting EV adoption beyond the direct effect of vehicle replacement. The result is a substantial synergy amplifying the impact of C4C and lowering unit cost of emissions reductions. C4C is further amplified when deployed together with complementary policies promoting renewable electricity production and a gas tax or carbon price.
How Many Nodes to Take? Lymph Node Ratio Below 1/3 Reduces Papillary Thyroid Cancer Nodal Recurrence
Authors: Weitzman Rachel E. , Justicz Natalie S. , Kamani Dipti , Kyriazidis Natalia , Chen Ming‐Hsu , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid malignancies; risk of PTC recurrence over a 30‐year period is approximately 30%, of which 70% occur as nodal metastases. Patients with nodal disease who are treated with therapeutic dissection are at higher risk for recurrence, but optimal nodal yield has not been defined. We aim to determine variables predictive of nodal recurrence of PTC within the first 5 years of surgery, with a focus on lymph node ratio (LNR), to inform clinical decision‐making.MethodsRetrospective chart review identified 41 patients with nodal recurrence of PTC and 284 without nodal recurrence following thyroid surgery from 2000 to 2015. Cohorts were compared with regards to clinical history, surgical findings, and tumor characteristics.ResultsThe fraction of the patients who underwent therapeutic central or lateral lymph node dissection was significantly higher in the nodal recurrence cohort. Maximum tumor size, presence of extrathyroidal extension, largest lymph node focus, LNR, postoperative thyroglobulin level, and administration of postoperative radioactive iodine were significantly increased in the PTC nodal recurrence group. LNR greater than 0.3 held the highest level of significance as a binary cutoff and captured the larger proportion of patients in the nodal recurrence cohort (68.3%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates characteristics to help assess risk of nodal recurrence of PTC and suggests LNR of lower than 0.3 is optimal to reduce risk of recurrence. The next steps include cohort studies to validate findings and weight variable analysis to optimize the extent of surgical therapeutic dissection.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1883–1887, 2022
Anonymity: What does it mean and why is it important to anonymous living liver donors?
Authors: Humar Sapna , Jung Judy , Krause Sandra , Selzner Nazia , Abbey Susan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anonymous living organ donation has recently become more common in select transplantation programs, with donors voluntarily offering a kidney or a lobe of their liver to those in need. These anonymous donations may be directed to a specific recipient or nondirected, and anonymity may be one way or reciprocal. Given their unique situation, we interviewed a cohort of anonymous living liver donors and explored their opinions surrounding anonymity and its implications in living liver donation. A total of 26 anonymous donors completed a semistructured qualitative interview consisting of questions regarding their experiences as a living liver donor. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for common themes, specifically those pertaining to the donor’s perceptions and experiences with anonymity. Five main themes related to anonymity were identified: (1) the moral importance of an unencumbered gift, (2) wanting internal satisfaction rather than seeking external accolades, (3) anonymity as a protection against potential negative outcomes in the recipient, (4) feelings of ambivalence toward meeting the recipient, and (5) concerns about negative perceptions among their own friends and family. These insights into the range of donors’ attitudes toward anonymity will help improve awareness and provide the best possible mental and physical care for the anonymous donor.
A hybrid deep learning model for forecasting lymphocyte depletion during radiation therapy
Authors: Ebrahimi Saba , Lim Gino , Hobbs Brian P. , Lin Steven H. , Mohan Radhe , Cao Wenhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeRecent studies have shown that severe depletion of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) induced by radiation therapy (RT) has been associated with poor overall survival of patients with many solid tumors. In this paper, we aimed to predict radiation‐induced lymphocyte depletion in esophageal cancer patients during the course of RT based on patient characteristics and dosimetric features.MethodsWe proposed a hybrid deep learning model in a stacked structure to predict a trend toward ALC depletion based on the clinical information before or at the early stages of RT treatment. The proposed model consisted of four channels, one channel based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) network and three channels based on neural networks, to process four categories of features followed by a dense layer to integrate the outputs of four channels and predict the weekly ALC values. Moreover, a discriminative kernel was developed to extract temporal features and assign different weights to each part of the input sequence that enabled the model to focus on the most relevant parts. The proposed model was trained and tested on a dataset of 860 esophageal cancer patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.ResultsThe performance of the proposed model was evaluated based on several important prediction metrics and compared to other commonly used prediction models. The results showed that the proposed model outperformed off‐the‐shelf prediction methods with at least a 30% reduction in the mean squared error (MSE) of weekly ALC predictions based on pretreatment data. Moreover, using an extended model based on augmented first‐week treatment, data reduced the MSE of predictions by 70% compared to the model based on the pretreatment data.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our model performed well in predicting radiation‐induced lymphocyte depletion for RT treatment planning. The ability to predict ALC will enable physicians to evaluate individual RT treatment plans for lymphopenia risk and to identify patients at high risk who would benefit from modified treatment approaches.
Trendbericht Organische Chemie 2022
Authors: Andexer Jennifer N. , Beifuss Uwe , Brasholz Malte , Breinbauer Rolf , Breugst Martin , Dumele Oliver , Ernst Martin , Ganardi Ruth , Giese Michael , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Hüttel Wolfgang , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie , Körber Karsten , Kordes Markus , Lindel Thomas , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Niemeyer Jochen , Pfau Roland , Pfrengle Fabian , Pietruszka Jörg , Röckl Johannes L. , Schaschke Norbert , Sebode Hanna , Senge Mathias O. , Straub Bernd F. , Teichert Johannes , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Werner Thomas , Winter Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlüssigkristalle als responsive Materialien etwa in der organischen Elektronik, erste Nanogürtel mit Acencharakter, direkt aus der Atmosphäre entferntes CO2, Disauerstoff wird organokatalytisch zu Wasserstoffperoxid, und Chinazolinone lassen sich biokatalytisch herstellen.
A numerical method based on pore‐pressure cohesive zone modeling for simulation of debulking in resin‐saturated composite prepregs
Authors: Seon Guillaume , Nikishkov Yuri , Makeev Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAircraft composite parts are commonly manufactured from resin‐saturated thermoset pre‐impregnated plies laid‐up over a rigid tool and consolidated and cured in an autoclave. In many applications, autoclave consolidation alone is not sufficient to remove the air, or bulk, that has been entrapped within the laminate during layup. Entrapped bulk can lead to the formation of defects, including wrinkles and voids, which can significantly affect structural performance. Vacuum consolidation, or “debulking,” has been a standard practice extensively used by aircraft manufacturers to reduce the amount of bulk and mitigate defect formation. Yet, the underlying physical principles governing formation of defects during these early stages are not well understood. This work presents the development of a new finite element‐based method for simulation of debulking with the objective to contribute to a better understanding of the key physics involved. The model includes pore‐pressure cohesive elements inserted at ply interfaces for discrete representation of entrapped air pockets and modeling air flow during debulking; and cohesive contact between the plies for simulating the typical tacky behavior of uncured thermoset tape prepregs. The debulking of a two‐ply laminate with an initial seeded wrinkle is considered for illustration of the approach and comparison with experimental results.
Investigation of mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of novel Acacia arabica fiber polyester hybrid composites
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Manimaran Parthasarathy , Suresha Bheemappa , Shadrach Jeya sekaran Abraham Sunder Singh , Marichelvam Mariappan Kadarkarai Nadar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of fly ash and wood flour fillers on mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties (DMP) of Acacia arabica fiber (AAF) reinforced polyester hybrid composites. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile, flexural and impact strengths were studied. The experimental data of mechanical tests show that wood flour marginally enhanced the bending strength and modulus while fly ash filler performed 17% and 39% increase in hardness and interfacial shear strength of AAF/polyester hybrid composite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis proves that good adhesion present between the fibers and matrix. Dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), Damping (Tanδ) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of prepared composite samples were investigated using the dynamic mechanical analyzer. The fly ash filler composite has reported 5% increase in the maximum value of Tg while the wood flour showed 17% increase in peak height of Tanδ curve. The experimental results indicated that the AAF with wood flour filler composite has the highest thermal stability and load bearing capacity due to strong adhesion between the fiber, filler and matrix which leads to the formation of superior performing hybrid composites for potential applications in various manufacturing industries.