bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant treatment effects on hippocampal protein turnover: Molecular and spatial insights from mass spectrometry
Authors: Turck Christoph W. , Webhofer Christian , Reckow Stefan , Moy Jeffrey , Wang Mei , Guillermier Christelle , Poczatek J. Collin , Filiou Michaela D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA major challenge in managing depression is that antidepressant drugs take a long time to exert their therapeutic effects. For the development of faster‐acting treatments, it is crucial to get an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant mode of action. Here, we used a novel mass spectrometry‐based workflow to investigate how antidepressant treatment affects brain protein turnover at single‐cell and subcellular resolution. We combined stable isotope metabolic labeling, quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry (qTMS) and Multi‐isotope Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) to simultaneously quantify and image protein synthesis and turnover in hippocampi of mice treated with the antidepressant paroxetine. We identified changes in turnover of individual hippocampal proteins that reveal altered metabolism‐mitochondrial processes and report on subregion‐specific turnover patterns upon paroxetine treatment. This workflow can be used to investigate brain protein turnover changes in vivo upon pharmacological interventions at a resolution and precision that has not been possible with other methods to date. Our results reveal acute paroxetine effects on brain protein turnover and shed light on antidepressant mode of action.
Characterizing pediatric lung ultrasound findings during a chemically induced bronchospasm
Authors: Gagnon Francois , Marzook Noah , Deragon Alexandre , Lands Larry C. , Zielinski David , Shapiro Adam J. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Dubrovsky Alexander S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be a useful clinical tool in pediatrics, but very little is known about the LUS findings of asthma in children.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to characterize LUS findings of pediatric patients before and after a chemically induced bronchospasm. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of bronchodilators on LUS findings.MethodsEligible children 6−17 years old presenting for a methacholine challenge test (MCT) in a pediatric respiratory clinic were recruited. Patients with viral symptoms were excluded. A six‐zone LUS protocol was performed before and after the MCT, and after bronchodilator administration; video recordings were analysed by an expert blinded to the patient characteristics and MCT results.ResultsForty‐four patients were included in the study. Five patients had positive LUS findings at baseline. Nine patients out of 29 (31%) had new‐onset positive LUS following a reactive MCT. There was a significant association between having a chemically induced bronchospasm and a positive LUS post‐MCT (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.3 [1.0−27.7]; p = 0.05). Among patients who developed positive LUS findings post‐MCT, four out of nine returned to having a negative LUS postbronchodilator administration.ConclusionsThis is the first known report of an association between LUS findings and bronchospasm in pediatric patients. It is also the first documentation of resolution of LUS findings postbronchodilator administration. Most LUS findings observed were small and limited to a few intercostal spaces. Further research is required to quantify these findings and evaluate the effect of salbutamol on LUS.
Neonatal rodent ventilation and clinical correlation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Gupta Vikas S. , Wilson Cory , Popp Elizabeth C. , Zhaorigetu Siqin , Collum Scott , Jin Di , Khan Amir M. , Karmouty‐Quintana Harry , Lally Kevin P. , Harting Matthew T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionVentilator management is a critical part of managing congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We aimed to use a murine model and patient data to study CDH‐associated differences in oxygenation, airway resistance, and pulmonary mechanics by disease severity.MethodsWe used the nitrofen model of CDH. For control and CDH rodents, data were collected within the first hour of life. Oxygen saturations (SpO2) were collected using MouseOx, and large airway resistance and inspiratory capacities were collected using flexiVent. A single‐center, retrospective review of term CDH infants from 2014 to 2020 was performed. Tidal volumes were collected every 6 h for the first 48 h of life or until the patient was taken off conventional ventilation. Newborns that were mechanically ventilated but had no pulmonary pathology were used as controls. CDH severity was defined using the CDH Study Group (CDHSG) classification system.ResultsControl rodents had a median SpO2 of 94% (IQR: 88%–98%); CDH pups had a median SpO2 of 27.9% (IQR: 22%–30%) (p < 0.01). CDH rodents had lower inspiratory capacity than controls (median: 110 μl, IQR: 70–170 vs. median: 267 μl, IQR: 216–352; p < 0.01). CDH infants had a lower initial SpO2 than control infants. Overall, CDH infants had lower tidal volumes than control infants (median: 4.2 ml/kg, IQR: 3.3–5.0 vs. 5.4 ml/kg, IQR: 4.7–6.2; p = 0.03). Tidal volumes varied by CDHSG stage.ConclusionNewborns with CDH have lower SpO2 and lower, CDHSG stage specific, tidal volumes than control infants. The nitrofen model of CDH reflects these differences. Rodent models may be useful in studying therapeutic ventilatory strategies for CDH infants.
Mismatch repair deficiency and clinical implications in prostate cancer
Authors: Graham Laura S. , Schweizer Michael T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite recent therapeutic advances, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a lethal disease and novel therapies are needed. Precision oncology provides an avenue for developing effective tailored approaches for treating malignancies based on a tumor's molecular profile. Indeed, the presence of mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) has proven to be an important predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade across multiple tumor types, including prostate cancer, and represents a major precision oncology success story. The mismatch repair (MMR) system is integral to maintaining genomic fidelity during cellular replication. Cancers with deficiencies in this system accumulate high numbers of mutations and express many neoantigens that may be recognized by the immune system. The checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab has recently been approved for all cancers that are MMR deficient, and several retrospective series have specifically shown that pembrolizumab is effective in MMRd prostate cancer. Although the prevalence of MMRd in CRPC is low (approximately 3%−5% of cases), this is an important subset of men that require a unique therapeutic approach. This review will focus on MMRd in prostate cancer, highlighting the clinical implications, role of immunotherapy, and areas of future research.
A treatment‐specific marginal structural Cox model for the effect of treatment discontinuation
Authors: Johnson Dana , Pieper Karen , Yang Shu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatients taking a prescribed medication often discontinue their treatment; however, this may negatively impact their health outcomes. If doctors had statistical evidence that discontinuing some prescribed medication shortened, on average, the time to a clinical event (e.g., death), they could use that knowledge to encourage their patients to stay on the prescribed treatment. We describe a treatment‐specific marginal structural Cox model for estimation of the causal effect of treatment discontinuation on a survival endpoint. The effect of treatment discontinuation is quantified by the hazard ratio of the event hazard rate had the population followed the regime “take treatment until it is discontinued at some time ,” versus the event hazard rate had the population never discontinued treatment . Valid causal analysis requires control for treatment confounding, regime confounding, and censoring due to regime violation. We propose new inverse probability of regime compliance weights to address the three issues simultaneously. We apply the framework to data from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD‐AF) study. Patients from this study are treated with one of two types of oral anticoagulants (OACs). We test whether the causal effect of treatment discontinuation differs by type of OAC, and we also estimate the size and direction of the effect. We find evidence that OAC discontinuation increases the hazard for certain events, but we do not find evidence that this effect differs by treatment.
Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice
Authors: Hiradate Yuki , Harima Ryua , Yanai Rin , Hara Kenshiro , Nagasawa Kazue , Osada Makoto , Kobayashi Tomoe , Matsuyama Makoto , Kanno Shin‐ichiro , Yasui Akira , Tanemura Kentaro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeSpermiogenesis, the process of deformation of sperm head morphology and flagella formation, is a phenomenon unique to sperm. Axonemal dynein light chain proteins are localized to sperm flagella and are known to be involved in sperm motility. Here, we focused on the gene axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1 (Axdnd1) with the aim to determine the function of its protein product AXDND1.MethodsTo elucidate the role of AXDND1 in spermatogenesis, we generated Axdnd1 knockout (KO) mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The generated mice were subjected to fertility tests and analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultThe Axdnd1 KO mouse exhibited sterility caused by impaired spermiogenesis during the elongation step as well as abnormal nuclear shaping and manchette, which are essential for spermiogenesis. Moreover, AXDND1 showed enriched testicular expression and was localized from the mid‐pachytene spermatocytes to the early spermatids.ConclusionAxdnd1 is essential for spermatogenesis in the mouse testes. These findings improve our understanding of spermiogenesis and related defects. According to a recent report, deleterious heterozygous mutations in AXDND1 were found in non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Therefore, Axdnd1 KO mice could be used as a model system for NOA, which will greatly contribute to future NOA treatment studies.
Biclustering high‐frequency financial time series based on information theory
Authors: Liu Haitao , Zou Jian , Ravishanker Nalini 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClustering a large number of time series into relatively homogeneous groups is a well‐studied unsupervised learning technique that has been widely used for grouping financial instruments (say, stocks) based on their stochastic properties across the entire time period under consideration. However, clustering algorithms ignore the notion of biclustering, that is, grouping of stocks only within a subset of times rather than over the entire time period. Biclustering algorithms enable grouping of stocks and times simultaneously, and thus facilitate improved pattern extraction for informed trading strategies. While biclustering methods may be employed for grouping low‐frequency (daily) financial data, their use with high‐frequency financial time series of intra‐day trading data is especially useful. This paper develops a biclustering algorithm based on pairwise or groupwise mutual information between one‐minute averaged stock returns within a trading day, using jackknife estimation of mutual information (JMI). We construct a multiple day time series biclustering (MI‐MDTSB) algorithm that can capture refined and local comovement patterns between groups of stocks over a subset of continuous time points. Extensive numerical studies based on high‐frequency returns data reveal interesting intra‐day patterns among different asset groups and sectors.
Design and Synthesis of Vanadium‐Titanium‐Incorporated Mesoporous Silica Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: Xie Zean , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Jin , Wang Lu , Fan Xiaoqiang , Kong Lian , Song Yangyang , Zhao Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of vanadium and titanium‐incorporated mesostructured cellular foams (MCF) silica with different vanadium contents were synthesized by direct hydrothermal method, which applied as catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODP). Vanadium doping amount significantly affects the distribution and coordination environment of VOx and TiOx species on the MCF silica. With the increasing of V content, the TiOx species incorporated into silica framework were substituted by some framework V species to form more polymeric or small TiO2 nanoclusters. VOx species were incorporated on both silica surface and TiOx species surface. The interaction between highly dispersed VOx and polymerized TiO2 enhanced the C3H6 formation rate. The 3 V5Ti/MCF catalysts showed the highest propylene productivity (4.2 kgpropylene kgcat−1 h−1, at 500 °C) among the xV5Ti/MCF catalysts because of the highest concentration isolated/oligomeric VOx species incorporated on the appropriate polymerized TiO2 surface.
Kinetically Accelerated Lithium Storage in High‐Entropy (LiMgCoNiCuZn)O Enabled By Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Xing Yingying , Xu Ke , Zhang Haijun , Gong Mingxing , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei , Lei Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxides (HEOs) are gradually becoming a new focus for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes due to their vast element space/adjustable electrochemical properties and unique single‐phase retention ability. However, the sluggish kinetics upon long cycling limits their further generalization. Here, oxygen vacancies with targeted functionality are introduced into rock salt‐type (MgCoNiCuZn)O through a wet‐chemical molten salt strategy to accelerate the ion/electron transmission. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal the potential improvement of lithium storage, charge transfer, and diffusion kinetics from HEO surface defects, which ultimately leads to enhanced electrochemical properties. The currently raised strategy offers a modular approach and enlightening insights for defect‐induced HEO‐based anodes.
Theranostic Trigger‐Responsive Carbon Monoxide‐Generating Microbubbles
Authors: Pathak Vertika , Roemhild Karolin , Schipper Sandra , Groß‐Weege Nicolas , Nolte Teresa , Ruetten Stephan , Buhl Eva Miriam , El Shafei Asmaa , Weiler Marek , Martin Lukas , Marx Gernot , Schulz Volkmar , Kiessling Fabian , Lammers Twan , Koczera Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that modulates inflammation, cell survival, and recovery after myocardial infarction. However, handling and dosing of CO as a compressed gas are difficult. Here, light‐triggerable and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detectable CO release from dimanganese decacarbonyl (CORM‐1) are demonstrated, and the development of CORM‐1‐loaded polymeric microbubbles (COMB) is described as an ultrasound (US)‐ and MRI‐imageable drug delivery platform for triggerable and targeted CO therapy. COMB are synthesized via a straightforward one‐step loading protocol, present a narrow size distribution peaking at 2 µm, and show excellent performance as a CORM‐1 carrier and US contrast agent. Light irradiation of COMB induces local production and release of CO, as well as enhanced longitudinal and transversal relaxation rates, enabling MRI monitoring of CO delivery. Proof‐of‐concept studies for COMB‐enabled light‐triggered CO release show saturation of hemoglobin with CO in human blood, anti‐inflammatory differentiation of macrophages, reduction of hypoxia‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibition of ischemia‐induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that CO‐generating MB are interesting theranostic tools for attenuating hypoxia‐associated and ROS‐mediated cell and tissue damage in cardiovascular disease.
Preparation of melamine borate coated red phosphorus microcapsules and use of zinc borate as synergistic flame retardant in polyethylene
Authors: Liu Junbang , Zeng Lijuan , Ai Lianghui , Feng Tianci , Liu Ping , Xiong Yuqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrocapsules (Mic‐MBP) based on the melamine borate coated red phosphorus (RP) were prepared, and its synergistic flame retardant with zinc borate (ZB) on polyethylene (PE) was investigated. The flame retardant properties of the PE/20% Mic‐MBP/10%ZB were superior to that of PE/20%RP/10%ZB. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index of PE/20%Mic‐MBP/10%ZB was 25.2%, and PE/20%Mic‐MBP/10%ZB reached the UL‐94V‐0 rating. Compared with PE, the peak heat release rate (pk‐HRR), total heat release (THR) and average effective heat of combustion (av‐EHC) of PE/20%Mic‐MBP/10%ZB had decreased. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PY‐GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The results showed that the residual char of PE/20%Mic‐MBP/10%ZB had thermal stability, and the formation of phosphorus free radicals and nonflammable gases effectively reduced the burning intensity of the gas phase. It indicated that Mic‐MBP/ZB showed a condensed and gas phase flame retardant effect.
Effect of sulfamethoxazole on nitrate removal by simultaneous heterotrophic aerobic denitrification
Authors: Mupindu Progress , Zhao Yang‐Guo , Wang Xiao , Hu Yubo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe increase in mariculture activities worldwide has not only led to a rise of nitrogen compounds in the ecosystem but has also intensified the accumulation of antibiotics in both terrestrial and marine environments. This study focused on the effect of typical antibiotics, specifically sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on nitrate removal from mariculture wastewater by aerobic denitrification process; an aerobic denitrification system feeding with 148.2 mg/L COD, 8.59 mg/L nitrate, 0.72 mg/L nitrite, and 4.75 mg/L ammonium was set up. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 8 h. As the aerobic bioreactor started up successfully without SMX dosage, an excellent removal of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate was achieved at 91.35%, 93.33%, and 88.51%, respectively; the corresponding effluent concentrations were 0.41 mg/L, 0.048 mg/L, and 0.96 mg/L. At the influent SMX doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L, the COD removal reached 96.91%, 96.27%, 88.69%, and 85.89%, resulting in effluent concentrations of 4.53, 5.45, 17.38, and 20.6 mg/L, respectively. Nitrification was not inhibited by SMX dosage. However, aerobic denitrification was inhibited by 10 mg/L SMX. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum, and surprisingly its abundance increased with the increase in SMX concentration. An excellent SMX degradation was noted at initial SMX dosages of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L; the removal rate was 100%,100%, and 99.8%, respectively. The SMX degrading genera Comamonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Thauera sp. are of great validity to wastewater engineers because they have demonstrated efficiency in simultaneous heterotrophic aerobic denitrification and antibiotic degradation as well as COD removal.Practitioner Points

Nitrification was not inhibited by increase in SMX dosage.
An increase in SMX dosage inhibited aerobic denitrification.
COD removal was not affected by increased SMX dosage.
Comamonas, Acinetobacter, and Thauera had high efficiency in COD removal and SMX degradation.
Design of High‐Temperature Syntheses on the Example of the Heavy‐Atom Cluster Compound Sn[PtBi6I12]
Authors: Herz Maria A. , Finzel Kati , Ruck Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvestigations into potential topological materials yielded the new subiodide Sn[PtBi6I12]. The combination of thermal analyses with phase analyses of the products of isothermal ex situ syntheses allowed the establishment of a complex high‐temperature synthesis protocol for the crystal growth of the target phase despite the lack of knowledge of the quaternary phase diagram. A special challenge was to prevent the formation of competing compounds of the solid solution series (Bi2xSn1–3x)[PtBi6I12] with x≠0. Sn[PtBi6I12] crystallizes, isostructural to Pb[PtBi6I12], in the rhombohedral space group R
with lattice parameters a=1583.2(2) pm and c=1089.70(10) pm. The compound consists of cuboctahedral [PtBi6I12]2− clusters and Sn2+ cations in an octahedral coordination between the trigonal faces of two cluster units, thereby concatenating them into infinite linear chains. The chains are connected via Bi
I inter‐cluster bridges, creating a high‐entropy variant of the NaCl structure type. Sn[PtBi6I12] is a semiconductor with an experimental bandgap of 0.8(1) eV. Fully relativistic density functional theory calculations including an implementation of the bifunctional formalism for the exchange energy indicate a topologically trivial bandgap of 0.81 eV between bands that are dominated by contributions of bismuth and iodine.
Measurement of Absolute Gravity and Deflections of the Vertical at Sea
Authors: Sokolov A. V. , Krasnov A. A. , Kuz’mina N. V. , Stus’ Yu. F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethods to measure absolute gravity and deflections of the vertical on a moving base are presented. The breadboard of integrated gravimetric system is described. The first results of experimental studies confirmed the possibility of high-precision measurement of the absolute values of gravity and deflection of the vertical at sea.
Studying Annelida Regeneration Using Platynereis dumerilii
Authors: Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegeneration, the ability to restore body parts after an injury or an amputation, is a widespread property in the animal kingdom. This chapter describes methods used to study this fascinating process in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. During most of its life, this segmented worm is able to regenerate upon amputation the posterior part of its body, including its pygidium (terminal non-segmented body region bearing the anus) and a subterminal posterior growth zone which contains stem cells required for the formation of new segments. Detailed description of Platynereis worm culture and how to obtain large quantity of regenerating worms is provided. We also describe the staging system that we established and three important methods to study regeneration: whole mount in situ hybridization to study gene expression, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling to characterize cell proliferation, and use of pharmacological treatments to establish putative roles of defined signaling pathways and processes.
Studying Tunicata WBR Using Botrylloides anceps
Authors: Karahan Arzu , Öztürk Esra , Temiz Berivan , Blanchoud Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTunicates are marine filter-feeding invertebrates that can be found worldwide and which are the closest phylogenetic group to the vertebrates (Craniata). Of particular interest, colonial tunicates are the only known chordates that can undergo Whole-Body Regeneration (WBR) via vascular budding. In Botrylloides anceps, a fully functional adult regenerates from a fragment of the vascular system in around 2 weeks after amputation. In this chapter, we present protocols to collect B. anceps colonies, confirm their species, breed them in the lab, monitor WBR and perform histological staining on cryosections.
Isolation and Maintenance of In Vitro Cell Cultures from the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Dieter Abigail C. , Vandepas Lauren E. , Browne William E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability to isolate, monitor, and examine specific cells of interest enables targeted experimental manipulations that would otherwise be difficult to perform and interpret in the context of the whole organism. In vitro primary cell cultures derived from ctenophores thus serve as an important tool for understanding complex cellular and molecular interactions that take place both within and between various ctenophore cell types. Here we describe methods for reliably generating and maintaining primary cell cultures derived from the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi that can be used for a wide variety of experimental applications.