bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Near‐Infrared PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells Employing Hydrogenated In2O3 Transparent Electrode
Authors: Ge Ciyu , Yang Erqi , Zhao Xinzhao , Yuan Can , Li Sen , Dong Chong , Ruan Yingfeng , Fu Liuchong , He Yuming , Zeng XiangBin , Song Haisheng , Hu Bin , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfrared solar cells are regarded as candidates for expanding the solar spectrum of c‐Si cells, and the window electrodes are usually transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as widely used indium tin oxide material. However, due to the low transmittance of the TCO in the near‐infrared region, most near‐infrared light cannot penetrate the electrode and be absorbed by the active layer. Here, the propose a simple procedure to fabricate the window materials with high near‐infrared transmittance and high electrical conductivity, namely the hydrogen‐doped indium oxide (IHO) films prepared by room temperature magnetron sputtering. The low‐temperature annealed IHO conductive electrodes exhibit high mobility of 98 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high infrared transmittance of 85.2% at 1300 nm, which endows the lead quantum dot infrared solar cell with an improved short‐circuit current density of 37.2 mA cm−2 and external quantum efficiency of 70.22% at 1280 nm. The proposed preparation process is simple and compatible with existing production lines, which gifts the IHO transparent conductive film great potential in broad applications that simultaneously require high infrared transmittance and high conductivity.
Robust Electrocatalytic Li2S Redox of Li–S Batteries Facilitated by Rationally Fabricated Dual‐Defects
Authors: Cui Yingyue , Li Jin , Cai Yingjun , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries with ultra‐high theoretical energy density is restricted mainly by the notorious polysulfides “shuttle effect” and slow Li2S redox reaction kinetics. A sulfur host material with high catalytic activity and high conductivity is greatly desired to improve its electrochemical performance. Herein, a sulfur host material, etched cotton@petroleum asphalt carbon (eCPAC), with high specific surface area and excellent catalytic activity, is demonstrated based on a synergistic strategy of introducing intrinsic lattice defects and composite carbon structure. Benefiting from in situ coupling of amorphous and crystalline materials, eCPAC exhibits high conductivity and high sulfur adsorbability. Furthermore, eCPAC containing dual intrinsic defect sites can catalyze the bidirectional sulfur chemistry of Li2S and capture polysulfides, which is also demonstrated by systematic density functional theory calculations and the potential intermittent titration technique. S@eCPAC/Li cells exhibit excellent cycling stability and rate performance, with an average capacity decay rate of only 0.05% over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C and even 0.03% over 600 cycles at 5 C. Meanwhile, the practicality of eCPAC is proven in high‐load batteries and pouch batteries. eCPAC provides a reliable strategy for achieving a win–win situation of capturing polysulfides and accelerating Li2S redox kinetics.
Achieving Ultrahigh Efficiency Vacancy‐Ordered Double Perovskite Microcrystals via Ionic Liquids
Authors: Cao Mengyan , Li Zhilin , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLead‐free perovskites have gained much interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. But instability and low quantum efficiency significantly limit their prospects for future applications. Here, a general route is reported to synthesize highly stable lead‐free perovskites on a large scale with remarkably enhanced quantum efficiency. Two typical vacancy‐ordered double perovskites (Cs2ZrCl6and Cs2SnCl6) and their corresponding Bi3+or Sb3+doped samples are synthesized in ionic liquids (ILs) solutions via a simple solution method. These prepared perovskite samples all exhibit high‐quality crystalline structures and their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) all show an increase close to 200% compared to the samples prepared in the hydrochloric acid system. The PLQY of Sb‐doped Cs2ZrCl6with excellent thermal stability can reach up to 90.2%, which is the highest value reported for this system (Cs2ZrCl6:Sb). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the corresponding interaction between the ILs and the samples can effectively improve the crystal quality and reduce energy loss. The potential applications of the prepared samples for high‐performance white light‐emitting diodes and optical anti‐counterfeiting are also demonstrated. The findings provide a straightforward way to obtain ultrahigh quantum efficiency vacancy‐ordered double perovskites with good thermal stability and excellent optoelectronic properties.
Mimicking the Natural World with Nanoarchitectonics for Self‐Assembled Superstructures
Authors: Jadhav Ratan W. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Gawade Vilas K. , Jones Lathe A. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScientists are often inspired by nature, where naturally occurring morphologies, such as those that resemble animals and plants, can be created in the lab. In this review, we have provided an overview on complex superstructures of animals, plants and some similar shapes from the natural world. We begin this review with a discussion about the formation of various animal‐like shapes from small organic molecules and polymers, and then move onto plants and other selected shapes. Literature surveys reveal that most of the polymers studied tend to form micellar structures, with some exceptions. Nevertheless, small organic molecules tend to form not only micellar structures but also other animal shapes such as worms and caterpillars. These superstructures tend to have high surface areas and variable surface morphology, making them very useful material for applications in various field such as catalysis, solar cells, and biomedicine, amongst others.
Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE) – An Equity View
Authors: Czerniewicz Laura , Carvalho Lucila 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how equity manifests in open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) requires us to grapple with several coexisting trends, including the changing forms of teaching and learning provision, the advent of a post-digital society and education, the datafication of education, inequality in society at large, and digital inequities. Most of these trends are social in nature, yet they shape, and are shaped by, the educational sector. It is at the intersection of these coexisting trends that equity issues in ODDE are raised and become apparent, reinforced by the uneven distribution of technology in society, and with deep roots in economic and social inequities. Current scholarship foregrounds these nested relationships and entanglements, as well as their intersection with power relations and contestations which play out across ODDE at macro, meso, and micro levels.
Charged lepton flavor violating processes in the Grimus-Neufeld model
Authors: Dūdėnas Vytautas , Gajdosik Thomas , Khasianevich Uladzimir , Kotlarski Wojciech , Stöckinger Dominik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Charged Lepton Flavour Violating (cLFV) decays constrain the relationship between the neutrino and the scalar sectors of the Grimus-Neufeld model (GNM), an appealing minimal model of neutrino masses. It turns out, that in the scenario, where the seesaw scale is lower than the electroweak one, cLFV is completely defined by the new Yukawa interactions between the additional single heavy Majorana neutrino, the second Higgs doublet and the lepton doublets. Therefore, we derive a useful parameterization for the Yukawa couplings which reproduces by construction the correct PMNS matrix and the correct neutrino masses for both Normal and Inverted ordering at one-loop level. We embed this scenario in the FlexibleSUSY spectrum-generator generator to perform parameter scans. Focusing on the tiny seesaw scale, we show that current μ → eγ limits provide significant constraints on the scalar sector, and we evaluate the impact of future cLFV τ-decay searches for the cases of discovery or non-discovery. The tiny seesaw scale makes the neutrino sector and the cLFV processes in the GNM similar to the scotogenic and the scoto-seesaw models, so we provide constraints for these models as well.
Black holes entangled by radiation
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Xian Zhuo-Yu , Peng Cheng , Ling Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We construct three models to describe the scenario where two eternal black holes are separated by a flat space, and can eventually be entangled by exchanging radiation. In the doubly holographic setup, we compute the entanglement entropy and mutual information among subsystems and obtain the dynamic phase structure of the entanglement. The formation of entanglement between these two black holes is delayed by the space which the radiation must travel through. If the black holes exchange sufficient Hawking modes, the final state is characterized by a connected entanglement wedge; otherwise, the final entanglement wedge contains two separate islands. In the former case, the entanglement wedge of the black holes forms at the time scale proportional to the size of the flat space between them. While in both cases, the unitarity of the evolution is preserved. When the sizes of the black holes are not equal, we observe a loss of entanglement between the smaller black hole and the radiation at late times. On the field theory side, we consider two Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) clusters coupled to a Majorana chain, which resemble two black holes connected by a radiation region. We numerically compute the same entanglement measures and obtain similar phase structures as the bulk results. In general, a time delay of the entanglement between the SYK clusters is found in cases with a long Majorana chain. In particular, when the SYK clusters are different in size, similar entanglement loss between the smaller SYK cluster and the Majorana chain is observed. Finally, we investigate a chain model composed of EPR clusters with particles exchanging between neighboring clusters and reproduce the features of entanglement observed in the previous models.
The {β}-expansion for Adler function, Bjorken Sum Rule, and the Crewther-Broadhurst-Kataev relation at order O($$ {\alpha}_s^4 $$)
Authors: Baikov P. A. , Mikhailov S. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We derive explicit expressions for the elements of the {β}-expansion for the nonsinglet Adler DA-function and Bjorken polarized sum rules SBjp in the N4LO using recent results by Chetyrkin for these quantities computed within extended QCD including any number of fermion representations. We discuss the properties of the {β}-expansion for DA and SBjp at higher orders which follow from the Crewther [1] and the Broadhurst-Kataev [2] relation.
Focal cavity radiotherapy after neurosurgical resection of brain metastases: sparing neurotoxicity without compromising locoregional control
Authors: Kahl Klaus-Henning , Shiban Ehab , Gutser Susanne , Maurer Christoph J. , Sommer Björn , Müller Heiko , Konietzko Ina , Grossert Ute , Berlis Ansgar , Janzen Tilman , Stüben Georg 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Does focal cavity radiotherapy after resection of brain metastasis “spare” whole-brain radiotherapy, which is associated with toxicity for patients, through the complete course of their disease without compromising long-term local control of the brain?

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of patients who underwent adjuvant focal cavity radiotherapy between 2014 and 2021 at our center.

Results
A total of 83 patients with 86 resected brain metastases were analyzed. 64% had singular, 36% two to four brain metastases. In cases with multiple metastases, omitted lesions were treated with radiosurgery. Median follow-up was 7.3 months (range 0–71.2 months), 1‑year overall survival rate was 57.8% (95% CI 44.9–68.8%). Radiotherapy was administered with a median biologically effective dose (α/β 10) surrounding the planning target volume of 48 Gy (range 23.4–60 Gy). Estimated 1‑year local control rate was 82.7% (95% CI 67.7–91.2%), estimated 1‑year distant brain control rate was 55.7% (95% CI 40.5–68.4%), estimated 1‑year leptomeningeal disease rate was 16.0% (95% CI 7.3–32.9%). Eleven distant brain recurrences could be salvaged with radiosurgery. In the further course of disease, 14 patients (17%) developed disseminated metastatic disease in the brain. Estimated 1‑year free of whole-brain radiotherapy rate was 72.3% (95% CI 57.1–82.9%). All applied treatments led to an estimated 1‑year neuro-control rate of 79.1% (95% CI 65.0–88.0%), estimated 1‑year radionecrosis rate was 23% (95% CI 12.4–40.5%).

Conclusion
In our single-center study, focal cavity radiotherapy was associated with high local control. In three out of four patients, whole-brain radiotherapy could be avoided in the complete course of disease, using radiosurgery as salvage approach without compromising neuro-control.
Klonale Hämatopoese – Bedeutung für die Zelltherapie
Authors: Teipel Raphael , von Bonin Malte , Stölzel Friedrich , Schetelig Johannes , Thiede Christian , Bornhäuser Martin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis klonaler Hämatopoese (CH) bei Patient*innen mit hämatologischen Neoplasien, die mit einer zellulären Therapie behandelt werden, ist häufig. Zu den gängigen, in der klinischen Routine verwendeten zellulären Therapieverfahren zählen die autologe und allogene Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) und seit Kurzem die CAR-T-Zell-Therapie (CAR chimärer Antigenrezeptor). Alle drei Verfahren unterscheiden sich fundamental im Hinblick auf Gewinnung, Verarbeitung und Einsatz des jeweiligen Zellprodukts. Deshalb ist die Bedeutung der CH in Bezug auf das jeweilige Therapieverfahren grundsätzlich unterschiedlich zu bewerten und einzuordnen. Bei der autologen SZT trägt das Ausmaß der zytotoxischen Vortherapie maßgeblich zur hohen CH-Prävalenz bei. Der klinisch bedeutsamste Aspekt ist hier die Entwicklung von Sekundärneoplasien aus einer präexistenten CH sowie das potenziell erhöhte Risiko kardiovaskulärer Nebenwirkungen. Bei der allogenen SZT bestimmt die Auswahl der Spender*innen im Hinblick auf das Alter die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorliegen einer CH. Die Entwicklung von Sekundärmalignomen spielt verglichen mit der autologen SZT nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Vielmehr scheinen die Induktion eines Graft-versus-Host(GvH)- bzw. eines Graft-versus-Leukemia(GvL)-Effekts und deren Einfluss auf Rezidivfreiheit und Überleben von möglicher klinischer Relevanz. Die CAR-T-Zell-Therapie ist in ihrer Wirkungsweise und in Bezug auf das Nebenwirkungsprofil eng verknüpft mit Inflammationsreaktionen. Auch hier besteht ein potenzieller Zusammenhang zwischen CH sowie Wirkung und Nebenwirkung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie. Erste Daten berichten über eine hohe Prävalenz von CH bei Patient*innen vor CAR-T-Zell-Therapie und deuten auf eine erhöhte Rate an inflammatorischen Nebenwirkungen hin, wenngleich sich bisher kein negativer Effekt auf das Überleben zeigt.
The modular Weyl–Kac character formula
Authors: Bowman Chris , Hazi Amit , Norton Emily 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe classify and explicitly construct the irreducible graded representations of anti-spherical Hecke categories which are concentrated one degree. Each of these homogeneous representations is one-dimensional and can be cohomologically constructed via a BGG resolution involving every (infinite dimensional) standard representation of the category. We hence determine the complete first row of the inverse parabolic p-Kazhdan–Lusztig matrix for an arbitrary Coxeter group and an arbitrary parabolic subgroup. This generalises the Weyl–Kac character formula to all Coxeter systems (and their parabolics) and proves that this generalised formula is rigid with respect to base change to fields of arbitrary characteristic.
A novel magnetic resonance imaging scoring system for active and chronic changes in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hip
Authors: Tanturri de Horatio Laura , Shelmerdine Susan C. , d’Angelo Paola , Di Paolo Pier Luigi , Magni-Manzoni Silvia , Malattia Clara , Damasio Maria Beatrice , Tomà Paolo , Avenarius Derk , Rosendahl Karen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Hip involvement predicts severe disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and is accurately assessed by MRI. However, a child-specific hip MRI scoring system has not been validated.

Objective
To test the intra- and interobserver agreement of several MRI markers for active and chronic hip changes in children and young adults with JIA and to examine the precision of measurements commonly used for the assessment of growth abnormalities.

Materials and methods
Hip MRIs from 60 consecutive children, adolescents and young adults with JIA were scored independently by two sets of radiologists. One set scored the same MRIs twice. Features of active and chronic changes, growth abnormalities and secondary post-inflammatory changes were scored. We used kappa statistics to analyze inter- and intraobserver agreement for categorical variables and a Bland–Altman approach to test the precision of continuous variables.

Results
Among active changes, there was good intra- and interobserver agreement for grading overall inflammation (kappa 0.6–0.7). Synovial enhancement showed a good intraobserver agreement (kappa 0.7–0.8), while the interobserver agreement was moderate (kappa 0.4–0.5).
Regarding acetabular erosions on a 0–3 scale, the intraobserver agreement was 0.6 for the right hip and 0.7 for the left hip, while the interobserver agreement was 0.6 for both hips. Measurements of joint space width, caput–collum–diaphyseal angle, femoral neck–head length, femoral width and trochanteric distance were imprecise.

Conclusion
We identified a set of MRI markers for active and chronic changes in JIA and suggest that the more robust markers be included in future studies addressing clinical validity and long-term patient outcomes.
Visitation rate, but not foraging range, responds to brood size manipulation in an aerial insectivore
Authors: Madden Sage A. , McDermott Molly T. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Life history theory predicts that increased investment in current offspring decreases future fecundity or survival. Avian parental investment decisions have been studied either via brood size manipulation or direct manipulation of parental energetic costs (also known as handicapping). However, we have limited experimental data on the potential interactive effects of these manipulations on parent behavior. Additionally, we know little about how these manipulations affect spatial foraging behavior away from the nest. We simultaneously manipulated brood size and parental costs (via added weight in the form of a GPS tag) in wild female barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). We measured multiple aspects of parent behavior at and away from the nest while controlling for measures of weather conditions. We found no significant interactive effects of manipulated brood size and parental costs. Both sexes increased their visitation rate with brood size, but nestlings in enlarged broods grew significantly less post-brood size manipulation than those in reduced broods. Foraging range area was highly variable among GPS-tagged females but was unaffected by brood size. As such, increased visitation rate in response to brood size may be more energetically costly for far-ranging females. GPS-tagged females did not alter their visitation rate relative to un-tagged birds, but their mates had higher visitation rates. This suggests that GPS tagging may affect some unmeasured aspect of female behavior, such as prey delivery. Our findings indicate that investigation of foraging tactics alongside visitation rate is critical to understanding parental investment and the benefits and costs of reproduction.

Significance statement
Avian parental investment decisions have been studied by either brood size manipulation or direct manipulation of parental costs, but rarely both simultaneously. We simultaneously manipulated brood size and parental costs (via addition of a GPS tag) in a wild avian system, allowing us to examine interactive effects of these manipulations. Additionally, studies of parental investment often examine behaviors at the nest, but measurements of parental care behavior away from the nest are rare. Our study is unique in that we measured multiple aspects of parental care, including spatial foraging behavior tracked with GPS tags. We found no interactive effects of manipulated brood size and parental costs on visitation rate or nestling growth, and spatial foraging behavior of females was individually variable. Documenting foraging tactics alongside visitation rate is critical to understanding parental investment because the same visitation rate might be more costly for far-ranging females.
Defining the care delivery value chain and mapping the patient journey in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koster Fiona , Lopes Barreto Deirisa , Nair Sandhya C. , Kok Marc R. , Weel-Koenders Angelique E. A. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that impacts patients’ quality of life. Sophisticated organization of care delivery drives quality improvement. Therefore, the study objective was establishing a validated process map of the care cycle for RA patients. Hence, increasing transparency and optimizing care delivery and identifying areas of improvement. To map the RA care cycle, the care delivery value chain (CDVC) approach was used as framework to document activities and resources systematically. A mixed method study was conducted where quantitative data on activities were collected from health records and unstructured interviews with medical staff were held. Consequently, the process map was separately validated in a consensus meeting with a delegation of the medical staff and patient advisory board. At the start of the care cycle, the focus is predominantly on defining the treat-to-target strategy and examining disease activity. Towards the monitoring phase, tapering medication and managing the disease through patient-reported outcome measures are becoming increasingly important. Although patient’s functioning, quality of care and patient’s evaluation of received care are monitored, reflection of CDVC and engaging patients in the evaluation process resulted in improvement actions on outcome and process level. Mapping the RA care cycle following a systematic approach, provides insight and transparency in delivered activities, involved resources and the engagement of patients and caregivers at multiple levels, contributing to a system facilitating value-based care delivery. The CDVC framework and applied methodology is recommended in other conditions. Future research will focus at assigning outcomes and costs to activities and evaluating interventions to explore patient value.