bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-performance electrochemical aptasensor based on graphene-decorated rhodium nanoparticles to detect HER2-ECD oncomarker in liquid biopsy
Authors: Sadeghi Mahdi , Kashanian Soheila , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Arkan Elham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluation of extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2-ECD) oncomarker status is an impressive factor in screening, diagnosing and monitoring early-stage breast cancer (BC). Electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative and qualitative measurement of HER2-ECD oncomarker was developed. In this study, the nanocomposite made by distinct materials included reduced graphene oxide nano-sheets (rGONs) and rhodium nanoparticles (Rh-NPs) on the graphite electrode (GE) surface. This structure resulted in amplified electrochemical activity, high surface area, stability, and bio-compatibility. Each of the steps of preparing nanomaterials and setting up biosensor were carefully examined by analytical and electrochemical techniques. Various modified electrodes were constructed and analyzed in terms of electrochemical performance, morphology, size, and shape of nanomaterials. The GE-based aptasensor had a noteworthy and conducive results against HER2-ECD with a wide dynamic range of 10.0–500.0 ng/mL, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.667 ng/mL (significantly less than the clinical cut-off), and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.01 ng/mL. The benefits provided by this aptasensor such as broad dynamic range, high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and low cost suggest tremendous potential for non-invasive detection and monitoring of the HER2-ECD levels of BC care and clinical diagnosis.
Evaluating water-yield property of karst aquifer based on the AHP and CV
Authors: Yu Shuai , Ding Hanghang , Zeng Yifan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to ensure the safety of mine production, it is of great practical significance to make a reasonable evaluation of the water-yield property (WYP) of a karst aquifer. In this paper, we selected fault-lines distribution, fault-scale index, aquifer thickness, water pressure, consumption of rinsing liquid, and hydraulic conductivity as the evaluation indexes to analyze the WYP of a karst aquifer. Meanwhile, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to calculate the subjective weight of indexes, and the coefficient of variation (CV) is used to calculate the objective weight of indexes. Combined with GIS, a multi-factor composite superposition is carried out to evaluate the WYP of a karst aquifer. The reliability of the research results is verified by the specific yield. Besides, for improving the reliability of evaluation results, the chemical composition of karst water was discussed. The results show that the selection of indexes is reasonable and the AHP–CV method is effective to evaluate the WYP of a karst aquifer. Therefore, on the premise of reasonable index selection, the evaluation models of AHP and CV can be used to evaluate the WYP of a karst aquifer and provide reference for coal mine water control measures.
On the intensity decay of tropical cyclones before landfall
Authors: Wang S. , Toumi R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear how tropical cyclones (TCs) decay from their ocean lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) to landfall intensity (LI), yet this stage is of fundamental importance governing the socio-economic impact of TCs. Here we show that TCs decay on average by 25% from LMI to LI. A logistic decay model of energy production by ocean enthalpy input and surface dissipation by frictional drag, can physically connect the LMI to LI. The logistic model fits the observed intensity decay as well as an empirically exponential decay does, but with a clear physical foundation. The distance between locations of LMI and TC landfall is found to dominate the variability of the decay from the LMI to LI, whereas environmental conditions are generally less important. A major TC at landfall typically has a very large LMI close to land. The LMI depends on the heating by ocean warming, but the LMI location is also important to future landfall TC intensity changes which are of socio-economic importance.
Characterization technique of gases permeation properties in polymers: H2, He, N2 and Ar gas
Authors: Jung Jae Kap , Lee Ji Hun , Jang Jin Sub , Chung Nak Kwan , Park Chang Young , Baek Un Bong , Nahm Seung Hoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple experimental technology for characterizing the gas permeation properties of H2, He, N2 and Ar absorbed in polymers. This is based on the volumetric measurement of released gas and an upgraded diffusion analysis program after high-pressure exposure. Three channel measurements of sorption content of gases emitted from polymers after decompression are simultaneously conducted, and then, the gas uptake/diffusivity as a function of exposed pressure are determined in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which are used for gas sealing materials under high pressure. The pressure-dependent gas transport behaviors of the four gases are presented and compared. Gas sorption follows Henry’s law up to 9 MPa, while pressure-dependent diffusion behavior is not observed below 6 MPa. The magnitude of the diffusivity of the four gases decreases in the order DHe > DH2 > DAr > DN2 in all polymers, closely related to the kinetic diameter of the gas molecules. The dependence of gas species on solubility is in contrast to that on diffusivity. The linear correlation between logarithmic solubility and critical temperature of the gas molecule was newly observed.
A synchrotron-based kilowatt-level radiation source for EUV lithography
Authors: Jiang Bocheng , Feng Chao , Li Changliang , Bai Zhenghe , Wan Weishi , Xiang Dao , Gu Qiang , Wang Kun , Zhang Qinglei , Huang Dazhang , Chen Senyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA compact damping ring with a limited circumference of about 160 m is proposed for producing kilowatt-level coherent EUV radiation. The electron bunch in the storage ring is modulated by a 257 nm wavelength seed laser with the help of the angular-dispersion-induced micro-bunching method (Feng and Zhao in Sci Rep 7:4724, 2017), coherent radiation at 13.5 nm with an average power of about 2.5 kW can be achieved with the state-of-the-art accelerator and laser technologies.
Partitioning of REE between calcite and carbonatitic melt containing P, S, Si at 650–900 °C and 100 MPa
Authors: Chebotarev Dmitry A. , Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser Cora , Hou Tong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbonatites host some unique ore deposits, especially REE, and fractional crystallization might be a potentially powerful mechanism for control enrichment of carbonatitic magmas by these metals to economically significant levels. At present, data on distribution coefficients of REE during fractional crystallization of carbonatitic melts at volcanic conditions are extremely scarce. Here we present an experimental study of REE partitioning between carbonatitic melts and calcite in the system CaCO3-Na2CO3with varying amounts of P2O5, F, Cl, SiO2, SO3at 650–900 °C and 100 MPa using cold-seal pressure vessels and LA-ICP-MS. The presence of phosphorus in the system generally increases the distribution coefficients but its effect decreases with increasing concentration. The temperature factor is high: at 770–900 °C DREE ≥ 1, while at lower temperatures DREEbecome below unity. Silicon also promotes the fractionation of REE into calcite, while sulfur contributes to retention of REE in the melt. Our results imply that calcite may impose significant control upon REE fractionation at the early stages of crystallization of carbonatitic magmas and might be a closest proxy for monitoring the REE content in initial melt.
Anthropogenic influence on the changing risk of heat waves over India
Authors: Kishore P. , Basha Ghouse , Venkat Ratnam M. , AghaKouchak Amir , Sun Qiaohong , Velicogna Isabella , Ouarda T. B. J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe overarching goal of this paper is to shed light on the human influence on the changing patterns of heat waves in India using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId). The HWMId obtained from the observational data sets shows a large increase in the heat waves during the past decades. Investigating the effects of natural (e.g., solar variations and volcanic forcings) and anthropogenic (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, anthropogenic, land use, and land cover) forcings revealed that the anthropogenic factors have cause a two-fold increase in the occurrence probability of severe heat waves in central and mid-southern India during twentieth century. The spatial distribution of maximum HWMId values under natural and all forcings (including anthropogenic) indicates that in most places human activities have increases the frequency, duration and intensity of extreme heat waves. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, the risk of heat waves is projected to increase tenfold during the twenty-first century. More than ~ 70% of the land areas in India is projected to be influenced by heat waves with magnitudes greater than 9. Furthermore, we find a significant relationship between heat waves and deficits in precipitation. Results show that concurrent heat waves and droughts are projected to increase in most places in India during the twenty-first century.
STAT3 inhibition suppresses adaptive survival of ALK-rearranged lung cancer cells through transcriptional modulation of apoptosis
Authors: Yanagimura Naohiro , Takeuchi Shinji , Fukuda Koji , Arai Sachiko , Tanimoto Azusa , Nishiyama Akihiro , Ogo Naohisa , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Asai Akira , Watanabe Satoshi , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Yano Seiji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer who are prescribed ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) rarely have complete responses, with residual tumors relapsing as heterogeneous resistant phenotypes. Herein, we investigated new therapeutic strategies to reduce and eliminate residual tumors in the early treatment phase. Functional genomic screening using small guide RNA libraries showed that treatment-induced adaptive survival of ALK-rearranged lung cancer cells was predominantly dependent on STAT3 activity upon ALK inhibition. STAT3 inhibition effectively suppressed the adaptive survival of ALK-rearranged lung cancer cells by enhancing ALK inhibition-induced apoptosis. The combined effects were characterized by treatment-induced STAT3 dependence and transcriptional regulation of anti-apoptotic factor BCL-XL. In xenograft study, the combination of YHO-1701 (STAT3 inhibitor) and alectinib significantly suppressed tumor regrowth after treatment cessation with near tumor remission compared with alectinib alone. Hence, this study provides new insights into combined therapeutic strategies for patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer.
Charge transfer induced symmetry breaking in GaN/Bi2Se3 topological heterostructure device
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Kumar Rachana , Kushvaha Sunil Singh , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Pramod 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn topological insulators (TI) for surface electron transport, dissipationless surface states are required and are activated by symmetry breaking usually by reducing thickness of the film. Substrates play an important role in modulating the surface properties by modifying the surface electronic and mechanical properties. In the present work, we have studied the n-GaN/p-Bi2Se3 topological heterojunction for the topological surface states and analyzed by Raman and ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy probed in visible and NIR regions. Raman spectrum clearly shows the electron-phonon interaction at the surface by appearance of surface phonon modes (SPM) in heterojunction. TA spectroscopy is performed on Glass/Bi2Se3 and n-GaN/Bi2Se3 heterojunction to identify surface states, energy levels, charge transfer and carrier relaxation processes. Electrical measurements under dark and illuminated conditions were performed for deeper understanding of the interface states and their effect on electrical and optical performance. The study provides complete understanding of n-GaN/TI-based interfaces by spectroscopic and electrical measurements for their application in next-generation electronic and optical devices.
Warming, increase in precipitation, and irrigation enhance greening in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Maina Fadji Zaouna , Kumar Sujay V. , Albergel Clement , Mahanama Sarith P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh-Mountain Asia exhibits one of the highest increases in vegetation greenness on Earth, subsequently influencing the exchange of water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. Given the strong interactions between the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the cryosphere, understanding the drivers of greening in this highly complex region with significant land cover heterogeneity is essential to assess the changes in the regional water budget. Here, we perform a holistic multivariate remote sensing analysis to simultaneously examine the primary components of the terrestrial water cycle from 2003 to 2020 and decipher the principal drivers of greening in High-Mountain Asia. We identified three drivers of greening: (1) precipitation drives greening in mid and low elevation areas covered by evergreen and mixed forests (e.g., Irrawaddy basin), (2) decreases in snow enhance greening in most of the hydrologic basins, and (3) irrigation induces greening in irrigated lands (Ganges–Brahmaputra and Indus).
Sex-Related Differences in the Associations Between Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores and Pure-Tone Measures of Hearing
Authors: Al-Yawer Faisal , Bruce Halina , Li Karen Z. H. , Pichora-Fuller M. Kathleen , Phillips Natalie A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:Hearing loss (HL) is associated with cognitive performance in older adults, including performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief cognitive screening test. Yet, despite well-established sex-related differences in both hearing and cognition, very few studies have tested whether there are sex-related differences in auditory-cognitive associations.Method:In the current cross-sectional retrospective analysis, we examined sex-related differences in hearing and cognition in 193 healthy older adults (M= 69 years, 60% women). Hearing was measured using audiometry (pure-tone average [PTA] of thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in the worse ear). Cognition was assessed using the MoCA. Additionally, we calculated MoCA scores with hearing-dependent subtests excluded from scoring (MoCA-Modified).Results:Men and women did not differ in age, education, or history of depression. Women had better hearing than men. Women with normal hearing were more likely to pass the MoCA compared with their counterparts with HL. In contrast, the likelihood of passing the MoCA did not depend on hearing status in men. Linear regression analysis showed an interaction between sex and PTA in the worse ear. PTAs were significantly correlated with both MoCA and MoCA-Modified scores in women, whereas this was not observed in the men.Conclusions:This study is one of the first to demonstrate significant sex-related differences in auditory-cognitive associations even when hearing-related cognitive test items are omitted. Potential mechanisms underlying these female-specific effects are discussed.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233297
Acoustic Analysis of Taiwanese Tones in Esophageal Speech and Pneumatic Artificial Laryngeal Speech
Authors: Hong Szu-Wei , Chan Roger W. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
This study examined the acoustic properties of Taiwanese (Southern Min) lexical tones produced in esophageal speech (ES) and pneumatic artificial laryngeal speech (PAL), including onset fundamental frequency (F0), slope of F0 contour, duration, and amplitude (intensity) of the vowel portion of syllables carrying seven Taiwanese tones.

Method:

Seven ES speakers, seven PAL speakers, and 18 normal laryngeal (NL) speakers (all male) read aloud target syllables carrying the tones in monosyllables, disyllables, and sentences. Acoustic features were measured with
Praat
.

Results:
Acoustic analysis revealed (a) no significant effects of linguistic level on acoustic parameters except for duration, which generally significantly decreased from monosyllables to disyllables to sentences for Tones 1 and 5; (b) significant differences across the speaker groups in onset F0 (PAL > ES > NL), duration (PAL > NL and PAL > ES for all tones), and mean amplitude (PAL > NL > ES); and (c) no significant difference in mean slope of F0 contour across the speaker groups.

Conclusions:
These preliminary data on acoustic properties of Taiwanese tones produced by ES and PAL speakers could facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies for improving the intelligibility of alaryngeal lexical tones. Further studies are recommended to examine the relative perceptual importance of the acoustic parameters.
Importance of source structure on complex organics emission
Authors: van Gelder M. L. , Nazari P. , Tabone B. , Ahmadi A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Beltrán M. T. , Fuller G. A. , Sakai N. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. , Yang Y.-L. , Zhang Y. 
Published: February 2022

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) are often observed toward embedded Class 0 and I protostars. However, not all Class 0 and I protostars exhibit COM emission.
Aims. The aim is to study variations in methanol (CH3OH) emission and use this as an observational tracer of hot cores to test if the absence of CH3OH emission can be linked to source properties.
Methods. A sample of 148 low-mass and high-mass protostars is investigated using new and archival observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) that contain lines of CH3OH and its isotopologues. Data for an additional 36 sources are added from the literature, giving a total of 184 different sources. The warm (T ≳ 100 K) gaseous CH3OH mass, MCH3OH, is determined for each source using primarily optically thin isotopologues and is compared to a simple toy model of a spherically symmetric infalling envelope that is passively heated by the central protostar.
Results. A scatter of more than four orders of magnitude is found for MCH3OH among the low-mass protostars, with values ranging between 10−7 M⊙ and ≲10−11 M⊙. On average, Class I protostellar systems seem to have less warm MCH3OH(≲10−10 M⊙) than younger Class 0 sources (~10−7 M⊙). High-mass sources in our sample show more warm MCH3OH, up to ~10−7−10−3 M⊙. To take into account the effect of the source’s overall mass on MCH3OH, a normalized CH3OH mass is defined as MCH3OH/Mdust,0, where Mdust,0 is the cold plus warm dust mass in the disk and inner envelope within a fixed radius measured from the ALMA dust continuum. A correlation between MCH3OH/Mdust,0 and Lbol is found. Excluding upper limits, a simple power-law fit to the normalized warm CH3OH masses results in MCH3OH/Mdust,0 ∝ Lbol0.70±0.05 over an Lbol range of 10−1−106 L⊙. This is in good agreement with the toy model, which predicts that the normalized MCH3OH increases with Lbol0.70 due to the snow line moving outward. Sources for which the size of the disk is equivalent to or smaller than the estimated 100 K radius fall within the 3σ range of the best-fit power-law model, whereas sources with significantly larger disks show normalized warm CH3OH masses that are up to two orders of magnitude lower.
Conclusions. The agreement between sources that are rich in CH3OH with the toy model of a spherically symmetric infalling envelope implies that the thermal structure of the envelopes in these sources is likely not strongly affected by a disk. However, based on the disagreement between the toy model and sources that show less warm CH3OH mass, we suggest that source structure such as a disk can result in colder gas and thus fewer COMs in the gas phase. Additionally, optically thick dust can hide the emission of COMs. Advanced modeling is necessary to quantify the effects of a disk and/or continuum optical depth on the presence of gaseous COMs in young protostellar systems.
Schwere Bleivergiftung durch ayurvedisches Heilmittel
Authors: Scherbaum Christina Rebecca , Frank Thorsten , Suárez Victor 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Wir berichten den Fall eines jungen Patienten, der sich mit reduziertem Allgemeinzustand, Anämie und krampfartigen Bauchschmerzen in unserer Notaufnahme vorstellte. Eine vorangegangene stationäre Abklärung inklusive abdomineller Bildgebung und Knochenmarkpunktion hatte keine Diagnose erbracht. Auf Nachfrage berichtete der Patient von der oralen Einnahme eines Ayurveda-Präparats über 1 Monat.
Untersuchungen 24-jähriger kreislaufstabiler Patient in reduziertem Allgemeinzustand mit grauem Hautkolorit und einem dunklen Gingivalsaum. Im Labor zeigten sich ein Anstieg der Transaminasen und eine normozytäre Anämie. Der periphere Blutausstrich ergab eine basophile Tüpfelung der Erythrozyten. In Blut und Haaren des Patienten ließen sich deutlich erhöhte Bleispiegel nachweisen. Es gelang der Nachweis toxischer Bleilevel im eingenommenen Präparat.
Diagnose Schwere Bleivergiftung, ausgelöst durch Eigenmedikation mit einem ayurvedischen Heilmittel. Die Analytik ergab eine tägliche orale Bleibelastung vom 136-Fachen der maximal zulässigen Dosis.
Therapie und Verlauf Mittels Chelatortherapie ließen sich die Blutbleispiegel deutlich senken, und es kam zur völligen Regredienz der Beschwerden sowie zu einer Normalisierung der Laborbefunde.
Folgerung Blei hat toxische Wirkungen auf praktisch alle Organsysteme des Körpers und wird für Jahrzehnte im Knochen gespeichert. Die Symptome einer Vergiftung sind unspezifisch; zielführend sind eine gründliche Anamnese sowie die großzügige Indikationsstellung zur Messung der Bleispiegel.
Relation Between Slopes of Word Recognition Psychometric Functions and Homogeneity of the Stimulus Materials
Authors: Wilson Richard H. , Carter Anne Strouse 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis tutorial paper examines the relation between the slope of a mean word recognition function and the homogeneity or variability (with respect to recognition) of the individual stimulus items that compose the test materials. This was studied in terms of both the location (Cartesian) and slope of the psychometric functions of the individual words that compose the materials. Word recognition performances were measured for 100 CID W-22 (Hirsh) words and 100 PB-50 (Rush Hughes) words in quiet (0 to 56 dB HL in 8-dB steps) on 12 subjects with normal hearing. The functions for the individual W-22 words were more homogeneous (less variable) than were the functions for the individual PB-50 words. The mean function for the W-22 words was steeper (3.1%/dB) than the function for the PB-50 words (1.9%/dB). This evaluation of the individual words demonstrates the direct relation between variability of the test items and the slope of the mean psychometric function. The more homogeneous performance is on the individual test items with respect to both location and slope, the steeper the slope of the mean psychometric function.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CD = compact disc