bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Practices Used in Overdose Fatality Review Teams to Recommended Implementation Guidelines
Authors: Ray Bradley , Bailey Katie , Dunnigan Megan , Aalsma Matthew C. , Bell Lauren , O'Brien Mallory 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Overdose fatality review teams are a public health and public safety collaboration that reviews fatality cases using a multidisciplinary team to provide recommendations for overdose prevention. No research exists on the case review practices currently being used in these programs.

Design:
We administered a cross-sectional survey measuring case review practices and perceptions to a convenience sample of overdose fatality review teams.

Setting:
We administered the online survey to participants at a national virtual forum on overdose fatality review.

Participants:
In this study, we examined 30 county-level overdose fatality review teams from 6 states who completed the survey.

Main Outcome Measures:
We developed measures of case review practices from an overdose fatality review implementation guide. We provided descriptive statistics on the survey items used to measure these practices and examined how practice uptake varied by overdose fatality review team characteristics.

Results:
Most overdose fatality review teams had adequate representation and membership, but none adhered to all of the practices measured from the implementation guide. The largest gap was in perceived effectiveness and implementation of case review recommendations. In addition, teams that had been reviewing cases for longer reported more adherence to recommended practices.

Conclusions:
Overdose fatality case review is a collaboration between local public health and public safety agencies that holds great promise. However, these teams will require additional training and technical assistance with local community support to ensure that recommendations are actionable.
A Data-Driven Response to the Addiction Crisis in Hamilton County, Ohio
Authors: Manchak Sarah M. , Gosney Meagan E. , Haberman Cory , Firesheets Kelly C. 
Published: October 2022

Context:
For more than a decade, the state of Ohio has been an epicenter of the opioid crisis. Multiple interventions have been deployed to address this crisis and reduce opioid overdoses and overdose deaths in the state. The Hamilton County Addiction Response Coalition (HC ARC) and its strategic, countywide prearrest diversion (LEAD) and deflection (QRT) programs have been at the forefront of this effort in Cincinnati, Ohio. Operating since April 2018, these programs have continued to grow and improve and have been successful in connecting hundreds of citizens to needed treatment and other social services.

Program:
HC ARC combats overdoses and overdose deaths by utilizing cross-sector planning and collaboration to operate 2 countywide programs: Quick Response Team (QRT) and Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD).

Implementation:
The QRT and LEAD programs leverage partnerships with law enforcement, public health, addiction and mental health services, reentry services, and trained peer supporters. The QRT emphasizes triage, assessment, and connection to appropriate services for people with recent nonfatal drug overdoses and provides outreach and education in hot spot communities. LEAD provides diversion from the criminal justice system into long-term case management for nonviolent individuals with low-level offenses who also struggle with substance use disorder, mental health, homelessness, and/or poverty.

Evaluation:
QRT and LEAD team members routinely track and record client contacts and outcomes using a centralized electronic case management platform. Data are extracted and analyzed by the evaluation team to examine indices of program success and provide ongoing feedback to the QRT and LEAD teams.

Discussion:
HC ARC has implemented, tested, expanded, and now standardized its prearrest diversion programming. It has built a sustainable model to improve health and health equity for marginalized individuals whose needs intersect across health care, public health, community-based social services, and the criminal-legal system. Collectively, this work offers a guide for implementation and best practices for the following: detailed planning, policy, and procedure development; identification of key leaders and community partners; and methods to evaluate program operations to make data-driven decisions and real-time program adjustments.
The Overdose Response Strategy: Reducing Drug Overdose Deaths Through Strategic Partnership Between Public Health and Public Safety
Authors: Wolff Jessica , Gitukui Stephanie , O'Brien Mallory , Mital Sasha , Noonan Rita K. 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Public health and public safety collaborations can strengthen and improve efforts to address the worsening drug overdose crisis.

Program:
The Overdose Response Strategy is addressing this need through a national public health and public safety program designed to foster the cross-sector sharing of timely data, pertinent intelligence, and evidence-based and innovative strategies to prevent and respond to drug overdose.

Implementation:
Since 2015, the Overdose Response Strategy has been implemented by state-based public health and public safety teams who work together to prevent and respond to drug overdoses within and across sectors, states, and territories. The public health and public safety teams share data systems to inform rapid and effective community overdose prevention efforts; support immediate, evidence-based response efforts that can directly reduce overdose deaths; design and use promising strategies at the intersection of public health and public safety; and use effective and efficient primary prevention strategies that can reduce substance use and overdose long term. Implementation of the Overdose Response Strategy aligns with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Strategic Partnering Framework.

Evaluation:
The evaluation of the Overdose Response Strategy, which is currently underway, is based on 2 evaluation approaches: Collective Impact and Organizational Network Analysis. These approaches provide a way to look at the strength of the relationship between public health and public safety and the way the relationship is leveraged to advance program goals and objectives.

Discussion:
The Overdose Response Strategy serves as a strategic partnership model that can potentially be applied to other issues, such as gun violence, that may benefit from public health and public safety collaboration.
Implementation and Uptake of the Massachusetts Drug Supply Data Stream: A Statewide Public Health-Public Safety Partnership Drug Checking Program
Authors: Green Traci C. , Olson Rebecca , Jarczyk Cole , Erowid Earth , Erowid Fire , Thyssen Sylvia , Wightman Rachel , del Pozo Brandon , Michelson Laura , Consigli Amanda , Reilly Brittni , Ruiz Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Context:
The illicit drug supply is rapidly evolving. Equally important to gathering drug supply data for monitoring is timely sharing of information with people who use drugs, the providers who care for them, law enforcement partners, and public health stakeholders so that efforts to avoid harmful substances, take preventive actions, and better target interventions can occur.

Program:
The Massachusetts Drug Supply Data Stream (MADDS) is the country's first statewide community drug checking program. Founded on public health-public safety partnerships, MADDS collects remnant drug packaging and paraphernalia with residue from people who use drugs and noncriminal samples from partnering police departments. MADDS tests samples using simultaneous immunoassay fentanyl test strips, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and off-site laboratory testing by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results are accessible to community programs and municipalities, while trend analyses inform public health for cross-site alerts and informational bulletins.

Implementation:
MADDS was launched statewide in 2020 and rapidly expanded to a multisite program. Program staff approached communities and met with municipal police and community partners to secure written agreements to host drug checking. Community partners designed sample collection consistent with their pandemic era workflows. Consultations with stakeholders gathered feedback on design and deliverables.

Evaluation:
The program tests sample donations on-site from community agencies and police departments, incorporates review by a medical toxicologist for health and safety concerns, crafts stakeholder-specific communications, and disseminates English, Spanish, and Portuguese language materials. For 2020, a total of 427 samples were tested, of which 47.1% were positive for fentanyl. By early 2021, MADDS detected shifts in cocaine purity, alerted communities of a new toxic fentanyl analogue and a synthetic cannabinoid contaminant, and confirmed the increase of xylazine (a veterinary sedative) in Massachusetts.

Discussion:
Community drug checking programs can be collaboratively designed with public health and public safety to generate critical health and safety information for people who use drugs and the communities where they live.
Tenant-Based Housing Voucher Programs: A Community Guide Systematic Review
Authors: Finnie Ramona K. C. , Peng Yinan , Hahn Robert A. , Schwartz Alex , Emmons Karen , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Muntaner Carles , Garrison Veronica Helms , Truman Benedict I. , Johnson Robert L. , Fullilove Mindy T. , Cobb Jamaicia , Williams Samantha P. , Jones Camara , Bravo Pablo , Buchanan Sharunda ,   The Community Preventive Services Task Force
Published: October 2022

Context:
Unaffordable or insecure housing is associated with poor health in children and adults. Tenant-based housing voucher programs (voucher programs) limit rent to 30% or less of household income to help households with low income obtain safe and affordable housing.

Objective:
To determine the effectiveness of voucher programs in improving housing, health, and other health-related outcomes for households with low income.

Design:
Community Guide systematic review methods were used to assess intervention effectiveness and threats to validity. An updated systematic search based on a previous Community Guide review was conducted for literature published from 1999 to July 2019 using electronic databases. Reference lists of included studies were also searched.

Eligibility Criteria:
Studies were included if they assessed voucher programs in the United States, had concurrent comparison populations, assessed outcomes of interest, were written in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals or government reports.

Main Outcome Measures:
Housing quality and stability, neighborhood opportunity (safety and poverty), education, income, employment, physical and mental health, health care use, and risky health behavior.

Results:
Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Compared with low-income households not offered vouchers, voucher-using households reported increased housing quality (7.9 percentage points [pct pts]), decreased housing insecurity or homelessness (−22.4 pct pts), and decreased neighborhood poverty (−5.2 pct pts).
Adults in voucher-using households had improved health care access and physical and mental health. Female youth experienced better physical and mental health but not male youth. Children who entered the voucher programs under 13 years of age had improved educational attainment, employment, and income in their adulthood; children's gains in these outcomes were inversely related to their age at program entry.

Conclusion:
Voucher programs improved health and several health-related outcomes for voucher-using households, particularly young children. Research is still needed to better understand household's experiences and contextual factors that influence achievement of desired outcomes.
Successful Hepatitis C Birth Cohort Screening and Linkage to Care in a US Community Health System
Authors: Zijlstra Michael K. , Fidel Nague Kristine , Louie Patrick , Imas Polina , Sonnenberg Amnon , Fimmel Claus J. 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Birth cohort (“baby boomer”) screening represents a well-validated strategy for the identification of asymptomatic hepatitis C–infected patients. However, successful linkage of newly diagnosed patients to antiviral therapy has been more difficult to accomplish.

Objective:
To analyze the results of a systemwide birth cohort screening program in a US community health care system.

Design:
We analyzed the data from an ongoing hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment program that was established at NorthShore University Health System in 2015. Hepatitis C virus screening by primary care providers was prompted through automated Best Practice and Health Maintenance alerts. Patient visits and screening orders were tracked using a customized HCV dashboard. Virologic, demographic, and treatment data were assessed and compared with those of a cohort of patients with previously established HCV infection.

Results:
Since program inception, 61 8161 (64.3%) of the entire NorthShore baby boomer population of 96 001 patients have completed HCV antibody testing, and 160 patients (0.26%) were antibody positive. Of 152 antibody-positive patients who underwent HCV RNA testing, 53 (34.2%) were viremic. A total of 39 of 53 patients (73.6%) underwent antiviral therapy and achieved a sustained virologic response. Compared with patients identified through screening, a comparison cohort of patients with previously established HCV had more advanced fibrosis and significantly lower dropout rates. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decrease in the number of outpatient visits of screening-eligible patients and with a reduction in HCV screening rates.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate the electronic medical records–assisted systemwide implementation of HCV birth cohort screening and successful linkage to antiviral therapy in a community-based US multihospital system.
Assessment of Practices Affecting Racial and Ethnic COVID-19 Vaccination Equity in 10 Large US Cities
Authors: Honeycutt Christopher Cole , Contento Jacqueline , Kim Joanne , Patil Ankita , Balu Suresh , Sendak Mark 
Published: October 2022

Context:
In the United States, COVID-19 vaccines have been unequally distributed between different racial and ethnic groups. Public reporting of race and ethnicity data for COVID-19 vaccination has the potential to help guide public health responses aimed at promoting vaccination equity. However, there is evidence that such data are not readily available.

Objectives:
This study sought to assess gaps and discrepancies in COVID-19 vaccination reporting in 10 large US cities in July 2021.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
For the 10 cities selected, we collected COVID-19 vaccination and population data using publicly available resources, such as state health department Web sites and the US Census Bureau American Community Survey. We examined vaccination plans and news sources to identify initial proposals and evidence of implementation of COVID-19 vaccination best practices.

Main Outcome Measure:
We performed quantitative assessment of associations of the number of vaccination best practices implemented with COVID-19 racial and ethnic vaccination equity. We additionally assessed gaps and discrepancies in COVID-19 vaccination reporting between states.

Results:
Our analysis did not show that COVID-19 vaccination inequity was associated with the number of vaccination best practices implemented. However, gaps and variation in reporting of racial and ethnic demographic vaccination data inhibited our ability to effectively assess whether vaccination programs were reaching minority populations.

Conclusions:
Lack of consistent public reporting and transparency of COVID-19 vaccination data has likely hindered public health responses by impeding the ability to track the effectiveness of strategies that target vaccine equity.
The lumbar artery perforator flap in breast reconstruction
Authors: Stillaert Filip BJL , Opsomer Dries , Blondeel Phillip N , Van Landuyt Koenraad 
Published: October 2022

The lumbar artery perforator flap is a valuable alternative in breast reconstruction whenever the DIEP flap is not feasible because of insufficient or unavailable abdominal tissue.
The advantage is the ideal shape and consistency of the flap as well as the option to perform a nerve anastomosis with the cluneal nerve. The anatomy is consistent but there are some technical issues related to the short perforator and difficult surgical exposure in the lower back region.
The inclusion of a vascular interposition graft improved our results and facilitated our technical challenges and final inset of the flap. These videos guide you through the different steps involved in a breast reconstruction with the lumbar artery perforator flap.
Direct Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Fast Kilovoltage Switching Dual-Energy Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Enhancement in Renal Masses
Authors: McGrath Trevor A. , Ahmad Faraz , Sathiadoss Paul , Haroon Mohammad , McInnes Matthew DF , Bossuyt Patrick MM , Schieda Nicola 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect enhancement in renal masses.

Methods
Adults renal masses of 10 mm or greater with both fast kilovoltage potential switching DECT and contrast-enhanced MRI performed within 12 months were retrospectively included. Two blinded radiologists independently evaluated for enhancement subjectively (5-point Likert scales) and quantitatively (signal intensity ratio ≥15% for MRI, iodine concentration ≥1.2 or ≥2.0 mg/mL for DECT). Per-lesion diagnostic accuracy, with histologic reference standard for solid masses, was expressed as the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) for each index test. Differences were evaluated for statistical significance using the DeLong test.

Results
We included 24 patients with 41 masses: 17 solid renal masses and 24 Bosniak 1 or 2 cysts. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy comparing subjective enhancement by MRI and using iodine overlay DECT for reader 1 (AUC 0.99 vs 0.99, P = 0.38) or reader 2 (AUC 1.00 vs 0.94, P = 0.12) Interobserver agreement was κ = 0.61 for DECT and κ = 0.71 for MRI. There was no significant difference either in accuracy between quantitative assessment using signal intensity ratio or iodine concentration for reader 1 (AUC 0.94 vs 0.94, P = 0.88) or reader 2 (AUC 0.97 vs 0.92, P = 0.16). False-negative results in both subjective and quantitative assessment were nearly exclusively seen in papillary renal cell carcinoma, occurring with both DECT and MRI.

Conclusions
We detected no significant differences in accuracy for detecting enhancement in renal masses comparing MRI and DECT. Our results require further investigation in larger sample sizes, but suggest that DECT may be comparable to MRI for detection of enhancement in renal masses.
Development and Validation of a Hybrid Bronchoscopy Trainer Using Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Shaylor Ruth , Golden Eran , Goren Or , Verenkin Vladimir , Cohen Barak 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Simulation is an essential component of medical education. Commercially available intubation simulators often lack anatomical fidelity of the lower airway and are therefore not suitable for teaching bronchoscopy or lung isolation. By using a desktop 3-dimensional (3D) printer, we aimed to create and validate a hybrid simulator from an existing mannequin with a 3D-printed lower airway that has anatomical fidelity and is financially affordable compared with commercially available models.

Methods
Using an anonymized computed tomography scan of an adult male patient, we developed a 3D model of the airway from below the larynx to the 3rd generation bronchi, which was then printed on a desktop 3D printer. The printed airway was attached to an existing mannequin below the larynx via a universal adaptor. Ten anesthesiology attendings performed a blinded comparison of the hybrid mannequin with a commercially available mannequin for tactile and visual fidelity when performing intubation, bronchoscopy, and lung isolation. They were also asked to assess the models for educational suitability.

Results
The 3D printed model was judged more suitable for teaching double-lumen tube insertion to novice physicians compared with the commercial model, with median (interquartile range) scores of 5 (4–5) versus 3 (2–4), P = 0.017. Similar results were found for bronchial blocker insertion and bronchoscopy. The visual fidelity of the bronchial anatomy was scored as 5 (4–5) and 2 (1–3) for the 3D-printed and the commercial models, respectively (P = 0.007).

Conclusion
By creating a hybrid model combining an existing commercially available mannequin with a 3D-printed trachea and bronchial tree, we have created an affordable training simulator suitable for teaching lung isolation and bronchoscopy. Enhancing existing mannequins with 3D-printed parts may be of particular interest to institutions that do not have the funds to buy models with anatomical fidelity but do have access to a 3D printer.
Validation of a 3-Dimensional-Printed Infant Tibia for Intraosseous Needle Insertion Training
Authors: Manshadi Keya , Chang Todd P. , Schmidt Anita , Lau Jennifer , Rake Alyssa , Pham Phung , Illingworth Kenneth , Song Joo Lee 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Current bone models used for pediatric intraosseous (IO) placement training are expensive or lack anatomic and/or functional fidelity. This technical report describes the development and validation of a 3-dimensional printed (3DP) tibia from a pediatric lower extremity computed tomography scan for IO procedural training.

Methods
Multiple 3DP tibia models were printed using a dual-extrusion fused-filament fabrication printer. Models underwent iterative optimization until 2 final models, one of polypropylene (3DP clear) and the other of polylactic acid/polypropylene (3DP white), were selected. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, a novel IO bone model assessment tool was generated. Physicians then used the assessment tool to evaluate and compare common IO bone models to the novel 3DP models during IO needle insertion.

Results
Thirty physicians evaluated the provided pediatric IO bone models. Compared with a chicken bone as a reference, the 3DP white bone had statistically significantly higher mean scores of anatomy, heft, sense of being anchored in the bone, quality of bone resistance, and “give” when interfaced with an IO needle. Twenty-two of the 30 participants ranked the 3DP white bone as either 1st or 2nd in terms of ranked preference of pediatric IO bone model. A 3DP white bone costs $1.10 to make.

Conclusions
The 3DP IO tibia models created from real-life computed tomography images have high degrees of anatomic and functional realism. These IO training models are easily replicable, highly appraised, and can be printed at a fraction of the cost of commercially available plastic models.