bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four diagnostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis—A diagnostic accuracy study in critically ill patients
Authors: Schroeder Maria , Giese Melanie , Wijaya Charles , Winterland Sarah , Nuechtern Annika , Grensemann Joern , Matthews Hanna , Wichmann Dominic , Stamm Johannes , Rohde Holger , Christner Martin , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Steurer Stefan , Heinemann Axel , Simon Marcel , Fischer Marlene , Kluge Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of lung biopsy, there are various algorithms for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in critically ill patients that rely on clinical signs, underlying conditions, radiological features and mycology. The aim of the present study was to compare four diagnostic algorithms in their ability to differentiate between probable IPA (i.e., requiring treatment) and colonisation.MethodsFor this diagnostic accuracy study, we included a mixed ICU population with a positive Aspergillus culture from respiratory secretions and applied four different diagnostic algorithms to them. We compared agreement among the four algorithms. In a subgroup of patients with lung tissue histopathology available, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the single algorithms.ResultsA total number of 684 critically ill patients (69% medical/31% surgical) were included between 2005 and 2020. Overall, 79% (n = 543) of patients fulfilled the criteria for probable IPA according to at least one diagnostic algorithm. Only 4% of patients (n = 29) fulfilled the criteria for probable IPA according to all four algorithms. Agreement among the four diagnostic criteria was low (Cohen's kappa 0.07–0.29). From 85 patients with histopathological examination of lung tissue, 40% (n = 34) had confirmed IPA. The new EORTC/MSGERC ICU working group criteria had high specificity (0.59 [0.41–0.75]) and sensitivity (0.73 [0.59–0.85]).ConclusionsIn a cohort of mixed ICU patients, the agreement among four algorithms for the diagnosis of IPA was low. Although improved by the latest diagnostic criteria, the discrimination of invasive fungal infection from Aspergillus colonisation in critically ill patients remains challenging and requires further optimization.
Changes in volumetric bone mineral density and bone quality after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: A meta‐analysis with meta‐regression
Authors: Hernández‐Martínez Alba , Veras Lucas , Boppre Giorjines , Soriano‐Maldonado Alberto , Oliveira José , Diniz‐Sousa Florêncio , Fonseca Hélder 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on three‐dimensionally assessed volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with the effect of time on these changes, on bone quality, and the agreement of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) or high‐resolution peripheral QCT (HR‐pQCT) estimates of bone loss. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO. Longitudinal studies on adults undergoing RYGB in which vBMD was assessed by QCT or HR‐pQCT with ≥6 months follow‐up were included. Total hip (TH) changes were reported in four studies, lumbar spine (LS) in eight, radius in eight, and tibia in seven. Significant post‐RYGB vBMD reductions occurred at all skeletal sites analyzed. Meta‐regression revealed that time post‐RYGB was significantly associated with vBMD deterioration in all skeletal sites except at the TH. RYGB also led to significant deterioration on bone quality. DXA underestimated LS and overestimated TH bone losses post‐RYGB. In conclusion, RYGB was associated with significant vBMD loss, which makes screening of bone mass progression by three‐dimensional technology a crucial clinical issue to prevent fracture risk and osteoporosis.
Usefulness of the over‐the‐wire microelectrodes catheter in treatment of ventricular arrhythmia arising from the left ventricular summit
Authors: Shirai Yasuhiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasaki Takeshi , Nagasawa Ryo , Toya Chisashi , Hayasaka Kazuto , Sugiyama Koji , Shimizu Shigeo , Yamamoto Tasuku , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of the over‐the‐wire (OTW) microelectrodes catheter in coronary venous system (CVS) mapping and treatment of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OTVA) arising from the vicinity of the left ventricular summit (LVS).MethodsConsecutive 62 patients with idiopathic OTVA in whom the OTW microelectrodes catheter was routinely used for CVS mapping were analyzed. CVS mapping was performed for both main trunk (from great cardiac vein to anterior interventricular vein) and branches including the annular branch or septal branch.ResultsThe earliest activation site (EAS) was within the CVS in 21 patients. Among them, the EAS was within the main trunk of the CVS in seven (33%) and within the branch of the CVS in 14 (67%) patients. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was started at an anatomically adjacent site to the EAS, which eliminated OTVA in 16 (76%) patients　(the endocardial LVOT in 10 and the aortic sinus of Valsalva in six patients). For the remaining five patients with unsuccessful catheter ablation at an anatomically adjacent site, targeted OTVA was eliminated by catheter ablation at the EAS within the CVS in two patients and by chemical ablation with ethanol injection in one patient, resulting in the overall success rate of 90% (19/21).ConclusionThe OTW microelectrodes‐guided ablation of OTVA from the vicinity of the LVS was effective. In maximizing the efficacy of ablation, CVS branch mapping is important since the earliest activation was commonly recorded not in the main trunk but within the branch of the CVS.
Micra AV leadless pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Mechulan Alexis , Prevot Sébastien , Peret Angélique , Nait‐Saidi Lyassine , Miliani Ichem , Leong‐Feng Lauriane , Leude‐Vaillant Elisabeth , Vaillant Alain , Cornen Alain , Latiere Bernard , Giacomoni Marie‐Paule , Collet Frédéric , Bechet Vincent , Bouharaoua Ahmed , Dieuzaide Pierre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous pacemaker (PM) implantation is a complication in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Recently, a second generation of leadless PMs able of atrioventricular (AV) synchronous pacing has been introduced and could be an alternative when ventricular pacing is required after TAVI. Real‐world data on Micra AV after TAVI are still lacking. Our aim was to determine the per‐ and post‐procedural outcomes in patients with Micra AV leadless PM implantation after TAVI.MethodsA total of 20 consecutive patients underwent Micra AV leadless PM implantation after TAVI between November 2020 and June 2021.ResultsThe main indication for ventricular pacing was high‐degree AV block (55% of patients) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) associated with prolonged HV interval (45% of patients). At discharge, mean (SD) ventricular pacing threshold was 0.397 ± 0.11 V at 0.24 ms and ventricular impedance was 709.4 ± 139.1 Ω. At 1‐month follow‐up, 95% of patients were programmed in VDD pacing mode. Mean (SD) ventricular pacing threshold was 0.448 ± 0.094 V at 0.24 ms. In patients with ventricular> pacing > 90% (n = 5), mean AM‐VP was 72.5% ± 8.3%. Pacing threshold at 1 month was not significantly different compared to discharge (p = .1088). Mean (SD) impedance was 631.0 ± 111.9 Ω, which remained stable at discharge (p = .0813). No procedural complications occurred during implantation. At 1‐month follow‐up, two patients displayed atrial under‐sensing.ConclusionsMicra AV leadless PM implantation after TAVI is associated with a low complication rate and good device performance at 1‐month post‐implantation.
Carbon fluxes and environmental interactions during legume development, with a specific focus on Pisum sativum
Authors: Morin Amélie , Maurousset Laurence , Vriet Cécile , Lemoine Rémi , Doidy Joan , Pourtau Nathalie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrain legumes are major food crops cultivated worldwide for their seeds with high nutritional content. To answer the growing concern about food safety and protein autonomy, legume cultivation must increase in the coming years. In parallel, current agricultural practices are facing environmental challenges, including global temperature increase and more frequent and severe episodes of drought stress. Crop yield directly relies on carbon allocation and is particularly affected by these global changes. We review the current knowledge on source‐sink relationships and carbon resource allocation at all developmental stages, from germination to vegetative growth and seed production in grain legumes, focusing on pea (Pisum sativum). We also discuss how these source‐sink relationships and carbon fluxes are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Major agronomic traits, including seed yield and quality, are particularly impacted by drought, temperatures, salinity, waterlogging, or pathogens and can be improved through the promotion of beneficial soil microorganisms or through optimized plant carbon resource allocation. Altogether, our review highlights the need for a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating carbon fluxes from source leaves to sink organs, roots, and seeds. These advancements will further improve our understanding of yield stability and stress tolerance and contribute to the selection of climate‐resilient crops.
Ignorance, truth, and falsehood
Authors: Le Morvan Pierre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the Ignorance Factivity Thesis, for every proposition p, one is ignorant of p only if p is a truth. By contrast, according to the Ignorance Non‐Factivity Thesis, it is false that, for every proposition p, one is ignorant of p only if p is a truth. I argue that, on balance, the case for the latter thesis is stronger than the case for the former.
Populist media diets
Authors: de Rooij Eline A. , Stecuła Dominik A. , Pickup Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe changing media landscape highlights the need to understand the dynamic nature of Americans’ news consumption patterns. Research to date has focused on understanding how media diets vary across partisanship, while other, cross‐cutting cleavages remain underexplored. We focus on the relationship between populism and where Americans get their news and how they assess news media credibility.MethodsUsing an original, national survey of Americans (N = 1009) fielded in March 2020, we explore the news media diets of populists, controlling for partisanship, ideology, and relevant covariates.ResultsAnalyses demonstrate that two primary dimensions of populism—anti‐elitism and distrust of experts—relate to media diets in complex ways.ConclusionThose who distrust experts have a more ideologically extreme media diet and put trust in fringe outlets and social media, whereas those with anti‐elite attitudes do not shy away from mainstream outlets and hold positive views of journalists and mainstream media.
The 70‐year search for the voltage‐sensing mechanism of ion channels
Authors: Catacuzzeno Luigi , Franciolini Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis retrospective on the voltage‐sensing mechanisms and gating models of ion channels begins in 1952 with the charged gating particles postulated by Hodgkin and Huxley, viewed as charges moving across the membrane and controlling its permeability to Na+ and K+ ions. Hodgkin and Huxley postulated that their movement should generate small and fast capacitive currents, which were recorded 20 years later as gating currents. In the early 1980s, several voltage‐dependent channels were cloned and found to share a common architecture: four homologous domains or subunits, each displaying six transmembrane α‐helical segments, with the fourth segment (S4) displaying four to seven positive charges invariably separated by two non‐charged residues. This immediately suggested that this segment was serving as the voltage sensor of the channel (the molecular counterpart of the charged gating particle postulated by Hodgkin and Huxley) and led to the development of the sliding helix model. Twenty years later, the X‐ray crystallographic structures of many voltage‐dependent channels allowed investigation of their gating by molecular dynamics. Further understanding of how channels gate will benefit greatly from the acquisition of high‐resolution structures of each of their relevant functional or structural states. This will allow the application of molecular dynamics and other approaches. It will also be key to investigate the energetics of channel gating, permitting an understanding of the physical and molecular determinants of gating. The use of multiscale hierarchical approaches might finally prove to be a rewarding strategy to overcome the limits of the various single approaches to the study of channel gating.
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Aprender a crear contenido digital interactivo para enseñar ciencias
Authors: Castiñeira-Rodríguez Nuria , Pérez-Rodríguez Uxío , Lorenzo-Rial María Asunción 
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se presenta una experiencia didáctico-científica relacionada con la aplicación de las TIC en la innovación educativa.En ella participaron estudiantes del Máster en Educación; el objetivo principal fue contribuir al desarrollo de sus competencias profesionales tecnocientíficas. Por esta razón, se diseñó una experiencia de creación de contenido digital para pizarra digital interactiva (PDI), previa recopilación y análisis de diferentes herramientas digitales, y se utilizó un cuestionario KPSI a modo de pre y post-test. Los resultados del cuestionario mostraron diferencias significativas en la evolución de la percepción del nivel de competencia digital docente sobre la creación de contenido didáctico-científico.
Stakeholders’ perceptions of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health needs in Southeast Nigeria: a qualitative study
Authors: Okeke Chinyere Cecilia , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Agu Ifunanya Clara , Ezenwaka Uchenna , Arize Ifeyinwa , Agu Chibuike , Obayi Chinonso , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study explored the perceptions of adult stakeholders on adolescents sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, variations of perceived needs by different social stratifiers and adolescent’s perceived interventions to address these needs. This will provide evidence that could be useful for policy and programme reviews for improving access and use of services in to meet the SRH needs of adolescents.DesignA qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Ebonyi state, Southeast, Nigeria. Data were analysed using thematic framework and content analysis approaches.Setting and participantsThis qualitative study was conducted in six selected local government areas in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. The study participants comprised of adult stakeholders including community leaders, adolescent boys and girls aged 13–18 years. Adolescents were purposively selected from schools, skill acquisition centres and workplaces. A total of 77 in-depth interviews, 6 (with community leaders) and 12 (with adolescents) focus group discussions were conducted using pretested question guides.ResultsAdolescent SRH needs were perceived to be unique and special due to their vulnerability, fragility and predisposition to explore new experiences. Recurring adolescent SRH needs were: SRH education and counselling; access to contraceptive services and information. These needs were perceived to vary based on sex, schooling and marital status. Adolescent girls were perceived to have more psychological needs, and more prone to negative health outcomes. Out-of-school adolescents were described as more vulnerable, less controlled, less supervised and more prone to sexual abuse. Unmarried adolescents were perceived more vulnerable to sexual exploitation and risks, while married were perceived to have more maternal health service needs.ConclusionsPerceptions of adolescents’ SRH needs converge among stakeholders (including adolescents) and are thought to vary by gender, schooling and marital status. This calls for well-designed gender-responsive interventions that also take into consideration other social stratifiers and adolescent’s perceived SRH intervention strategies.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of non-medical independent prescribing in primary care in the UK: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Edwards Judith , Coward Melaine , Carey Nicola 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo support workforce deficits and rising demand for medicines, independent prescribing (IP) by nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals is a key component of workforce transformation in UK healthcare. This systematic review of qualitative research studies used a thematic synthesis approach to explore stakeholders’ views on IP in primary care and identify barriers and facilitators influencing implementation.SettingUK primary/community care.ParticipantsInclusion criteria were UK qualitative studies of any design, published in the English language. Six electronic databases were searched between January 2010 and September 2021, supplemented by reference list searching. Papers were screened, selected and quality-appraised using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. Study data were extracted to a bespoke table and two reviewers used NVivo software to code study findings. An inductive thematic synthesis was undertaken to identify descriptive themes and interpret these into higher order analytical themes. The Diffusion of Innovations and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research were guiding theoretical anchors.Primary and secondary outcome measuresN/A.ResultsTwenty-three articles addressing nurse, pharmacist and physiotherapist IP were included. Synthesis identified barriers and facilitators in four key stages of implementation: (1) ‘Preparation’, (2) ‘Training’, (3) ‘Transition’ and 4) ‘Sustainment’. Enhancement, substitution and role-specific implementation models reflected three main ways that the IP role was used in primary care.ConclusionsIn order to address global deficits, there is increasing need to optimise use of IP capability. Although the number of independent prescribers continues to grow, numerous barriers to implementation persist. A more coordinated and targeted approach is key to overcoming barriers identified in the four stages of implementation and would help ensure that IP is recognised as an effective approach to help alleviate workforce shortfalls in the UK, and around the world.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124400.
Associations between use of expressed human milk at 2 weeks postpartum and human milk feeding practices to 6 months: a prospective cohort study with vulnerable women in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Mildon Alison , Francis Jane , Stewart Stacia , Underhill Bronwyn , Ng Yi Man , Rousseau Christina , Di Ruggiero Erica , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Kiss Alex , O'Connor Deborah L , Sellen Daniel W 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo examine whether use of expressed human milk in the first two weeks postpartum is associated with cessation of human milk feeding and non-exclusive human milk feeding up to 6 months.DesignPooled data from two prospective cohort studiesSettingThree Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) sites serving vulnerable families in Toronto, Canada.Participants337 registered CPNP clients enrolled prenatally from 2017 to 2020; 315 (93%) were retained to 6 months postpartum. Exclusions: pregnancy loss or participation in prior related study; Study B: preterm birth (<34 weeks); plan to move outside Toronto; not intending to feed human milk; hospitalisation of mother or baby at 2 weeks postpartum.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMain exposure variable: any use of expressed human milk at 2 weeks postpartum. Outcomes: cessation of human milk feeding by 6 months; non-exclusive human milk feeding to 4 months and 6 months postpartum.ResultsAll participants initiated human milk feeding and 80% continued for 6 months. Exclusive human milk feeding was practiced postdischarge to 4 months by 28% and to 6 months by 16%. At 2 weeks postpartum, 34% reported use of expressed human milk. Any use of expressed human milk at 2 weeks was associated with cessation of human milk feeding before 6 months postpartum (aOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.41 to 5.05) and with non-exclusive human milk feeding to 4 months (aOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.16 to 4.14) and 6 months (aOR 3.65; 95% CI 1.50 to 8.84).Trial registration numbersNCT03400605, NCT03589963.
Randomised controlled trial comparing intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion with standard care in the treatment of hip fractures: a protocol for the WHITE 9 study
Authors: Dickenson Edward , Griffin Xavier Luke , Achten Juul , Mironov Katy , O'Connor Heather , Parsons Nicholas , Murphy Mike , Wyse Matthew , Mason James , Appelbe Duncan , Athwal Amrita , Griffin Damian 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPeople who sustain a hip fracture are typically elderly, frail and require urgent surgery. Hip fracture and the urgent surgery is associated with acute blood loss, compounding patients’ pre-existing comorbidities including anaemia. Approximately 30% of patients require a donor blood transfusion in the perioperative period. Donor blood transfusions are associated with increased rates of infections, allergic reactions and longer lengths of stay. Furthermore, there is a substantial cost associated with the use of donor blood. Cell salvage and autotransfusion is a technique that recovers, washes and transfuses blood lost during surgery back to the patient. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage, compared with standard care, in improving health related quality-of-life of patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods and analysisMulticentre, parallel group, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. Patients aged 60 years and older with a hip fracture treated with surgery are eligible. Participants will be randomly allocated on a 1:1 basis to either undergo cell salvage and autotransfusion or they will follow the standard care pathway. Otherwise, all care will be in accordance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. A minimum of 1128 patients will be recruited to obtain 90% power to detect a 0.075-point difference in the primary endpoint: EuroQol-5D-5L HRQoL at 4 months post injury. Secondary outcomes will include complications, postoperative delirium, residential status, mobility, allogenic blood use, mortality and resource use.Ethics and disseminationNHS ethical approval was provided on 14 August 2019 (19/WA/0197) and the trial registered (ISRCTN15945622). After the conclusion of this trial, a manuscript will be prepared for peer-review publication. Results will be disseminated in lay form to participants and the public.Trial registration numberISRCTN15945622.