bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colletotrichum fructicola associated with fruit anthracnose of persimmon
Authors: Evallo Edzel , Taguiam John Darby , Balendres Mark Angelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnthracnose, a major problem for persimmon exporters worldwide, reduces fruit yield and quality. In this study, a pathogen causing anthracnose of an imported persimmon fruit from an unknown country of origin was identified using a polyphasic approach. The pathogenicity of two fungal isolates, MBPER001A and MBPER002, was assessed by wound inoculation on healthy persimmon fruits. Anthracnose symptoms were observed 14 days after inoculation. Koch's postulates were fulfilled after the same fungus was re‐isolated from the inoculated fruits. Morphologies of both MBPER001A and MBPER002 isolates, original and re‐isolated, showed characteristics similar to Colletotrichum species in the gloeosporioides species complex. Multi‐locus analysis of the partial ITS, ACT, GAPDH and TUB2 gene regions showed MBPER001A and MBPER002 grouped within the Colletotrichum fructicola clade. Results from this study demonstrate the ability of C. fructicola to cause anthracnose in wounded persimmon fruits. Preventing wounding and damaging that expose the fruit during postharvest handling is therefore important to reduce infection. This study is the first report of C. fructicola in persimmon in the Philippines.
What is implicit culture?
Authors: Lizardo Omar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I examine what it means for culture, in both its personal and public forms, to be implicit. I begin by considering a recent attempt to develop a descriptive taxonomy of other people's views of practices developed by Stephen Turner. A key result is that a specific combination of claims about the properties of practices yields an ontologically problematic category, which is a candidate for elimination. Following Turner's lead, I provide my own refurbished taxonomy of practical culture that does not contain ontologically problematic members. Another key result of the initial analysis is that implicitness is a relational property presupposing at least one agent with awareness (or unawareness) of the cultural element in question. This epistemic dependence implies that only personal culture internalized by people can be coherently thought of as 'implicit' (to them). Finally, I conclude that using mentalistic versions of implicitness to characterize public culture, such as texts, language, monuments, tools, and classifications on paper, yields the same ontologically incoherent category eliminated in the first step. Following from this, I argue that it is desirable to conceptualize 'implicit' in a way that makes sense for public culture without stirring up the ghosts of collective minds and related conundrums. I propose one such (weak) version of implicitness when speaking of public culture that does not run afoul of this issue. I then return to personal culture, considering whether 'implicitness' is a unitary property of this kind, answering in the negative. This conclusion requires us to develop a principled taxonomy of the distinct ways personal culture can be ‘implicit,’ yielding personal culture that is implicit because it acquired 'automatic' status, versus personal culture that is implicit because it lacks (access) consciousness.
Prospective evaluation of complications associated with transesophageal echocardiography in dogs with congenital heart disease
Authors: Stoner Caitlin H. , Saunders Ashley B. , Heseltine Johanna C. , Cook Audrey K. , Lidbury Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is useful in the assessment and procedural monitoring of congenital heart disease (CHD) with a relatively low complication rate in humans.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety of TEE and report complications in dogs.AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs with CHD.MethodsProspective observational study including gastroesophagoscopy before and after TEE imaging. TEE was planned with a GE 6VT‐D adult probe in dogs weighing ≥4 kg and a GE 10T‐D microprobe alternating with an intracardiac echocardiography probe placed in the esophagus in dogs <4 kg. Difficulties with probe placement, probe interference and TEE probe imaging times were recorded. Dogs were monitored in the recovery period after TEE using an established nausea scoring system.ResultsNew gastroesophageal abnormalities were identified after TEE in 4 dogs including 4 areas of mucosal damage involving <25% of the lower esophageal sphincter (n = 4) and 1 lesion at the heart base (n = 1) and were not attributed to longer imaging times or a specific probe. Lesions identified before TEE in 4 dogs remained unchanged after TEE. The 6VT‐D probe could not be placed in 1 dog with enlarged tonsils, and it obstructed fluoroscopic views in 3 dogs. The probes did not compress any structures in dogs in which fluoroscopy was performed (n = 20). Four dogs had evidence to suggest nausea after the procedure.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhile major complications remain possible, complications in this study were mild and few in number. Dog size and probe characteristics are factors to consider when performing TEE.
Pleiotropy facilitates parallel adaptation in sticklebacks
Authors: Rennison Diana J. , Peichel Catherine L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHighly pleiotropic genes are predicted to be used less often during adaptation, as mutations in these loci are more likely to have negative fitness consequences. Following this logic, we tested whether pleiotropy impacts the probability that a locus will be used repeatedly in adaptation. We used two proxies to estimate pleiotropy: number of phenotypic traits affected by a given genomic region and gene connectivity. We first surveyed 16 independent stream‐lake and three independent benthic‐limnetic ecotype pairs of threespine stickleback to estimate genome‐wide patterns in parallel genomic differentiation. Our analysis revealed parallel divergence across the genome; 30%–37% of outlier regions were shared between at least two independent pairs in either the stream‐lake or benthic‐limnetic comparisons. We then tested whether parallel genomic regions are less pleiotropic than nonparallel regions. Counter to our a priori prediction, parallel genomic regions contained genes with significantly more pleiotropy; that is, influencing a greater number of traits and more highly connected. The increased pleiotropy of parallel regions could not be explained by other genomic factors, as there was no significant difference in mean gene count, mutation or recombination rates between parallel and nonparallel regions. Interestingly, although nonparallel regions contained genes that were less connected and influenced fewer mapped traits on average than parallel regions, they also tended to contain the genes that were predicted to be the most pleiotropic. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the idea that pleiotropy only becomes constraining at high levels and that low or intermediate levels of pleiotropy may be beneficial for adaptation.
Recognizing object surface materials to adapt robotic disinfection in infrastructure facilities
Authors: Hu Da , Li Shuai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExisting disinfection robots are not intelligent enough to adapt their actions to object surface materials for precise and effective disinfection. To address this problem, a new framework is developed to enable the robot to recognize various object surface materials and to adapt its disinfection methods to be compatible with recognized object surface materials. Specifically, a new deep learning network is proposed that integrates multi‐level and multi‐scale features to classify the materials on contaminated surfaces requiring disinfection. The infection risk of contaminated surfaces is computed to choose the appropriate disinfection modes and parameters. The developed material recognition method demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance, achieving an accuracy of 92.24% and 91.84% on the Materials in Context Database validation and test datasets, respectively. The proposed method was also tested and evaluated in the context of healthcare facilities, where the material classification achieved an accuracy of 89.09%, and the adaptive robotic disinfection was successfully implemented.
Automated hyperspectral vegetation index derivation using a hyperparameter optimisation framework for high‐throughput plant phenotyping
Authors: Koh Joshua C.O. , Banerjee Bikram P. , Spangenberg German , Kant Surya 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs) are widely deployed in agriculture remote sensing and plant phenotyping to estimate plant biophysical and biochemical traits. However, existing VIs consist mainly of simple two‐band indices that limit the net performance and often do not generalise well for traits other than those for which they were originally designed.

We present an automated hyperspectral vegetation index (AutoVI) system for the rapid generation of novel two‐ to six‐band trait‐specific indices in a streamlined process covering model selection, optimisation and evaluation, driven by the tree parzen estimator algorithm. Its performance was tested in generating novel indices to estimate chlorophyll and sugar contents in wheat.

Results showed that AutoVI can rapidly generate complex novel VIs (at least a four‐band index) that correlated strongly (R2 > 0.8) with measured chlorophyll and sugar contents in wheat. Automated hyperspectral vegetation index‐derived indices were used as features in simple and stepwise multiple linear regressions for chlorophyll and sugar content estimation, and outperformed the results achieved with the existing 47 VIs and those provided using partial least squares regression.

The AutoVI system can deliver novel trait‐specific VIs readily adoptable to high‐throughput plant phenotyping platforms and should appeal to plant scientists and breeders. A graphical user interface for the AutoVI is provided here.
Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome investigated by two nationwide surveys in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Hideo , Takemoto Minoru , Murakami Hiroaki , Ihara Kenji , Kosaki Rika , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Taniguchi Akira , Matsuo Muneaki , Yamazaki Naoya , Nishigori Chikako , Takita Junko , Koshizaka Masaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRothmund‐Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by poikiloderma of the face, small stature, sparse scalp hair, juvenile cataract, radial aplasia, and predisposition to cancers. Due to the rarity of RTS, the situation of patients with RTS in Japan has not been elucidated.MethodsIn 2010 and 2020, following the results of a primary questionnaire survey, a secondary questionnaire survey on RTS was conducted nationwide to investigate the number of RTS cases and their associated skin lesions, bone lesions, other clinical features, and quality of life in Japan.ResultsIn 2010 and 2020, 10 and eight patients with RTS were recruited, respectively. Skin lesions such as poikiloderma, erythema, pigmentation, and abnormal scalp hair were observed in almost all cases. Bone lesions were observed in four cases in the 2010 and 2020 surveys, respectively. Two cases had mutations in the RECQL4 gene in the 2020 survey.ConclusionsTwo nationwide surveys have shown the actual situation of patients with RTS in Japan. Cutaneous and bone manifestations are important for the diagnosis of RTS. However, many patients have no RECQL4 mutations. The novel causative gene of RTS should be further elucidated.
Diagnostic performance of 2D‐shear wave elastography and serum fibrosis markers for evaluation of hepatic graft fibrosis in pediatric liver‐inclusive transplant recipients: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Vo Hanh D. , Radio Stanley J. , Granader Elon J. , Wojkiewicz Laura E. , Turner Patricia , Mauch Teri J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver biopsy is the gold standard for hepatic fibrosis staging, but it is invasive and has potential severe complications. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of 2D‐SWE and serum markers to predict significant hepatic graft fibrosis (≥F2) in pediatric liver‐inclusive transplant recipients.MethodsThis prospective, cross‐sectional pilot study included children younger than 19 years who had received a LT or LSBT and underwent a liver biopsy performed for clinical indications. LS was measured using 2D‐SWE. The AUROC was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 2D‐SWE and biomarkers (AST/ALT ratio, APRI, FIB4) for predicting significant fibrosis.ResultsTwenty‐two children (13 males, 8 LSBT) were included. Eighteen (81.8%) children received a whole liver graft. Thirteen (59.1%) patients had hepatic fibrosis (≥F1) and four (18.2%) had significant fibrosis. The AUROCs of AST/ALT ratio, APRI, and FIB4 for predicting significant hepatic graft fibrosis were 0.71 (p = .29), 0.85 (p = .0001), and 0.76 (p = .03), respectively. When FIB4 was calculated using the hepatic graft's age, its AUROC improved to 0.85 (p < .0001). The AUROC of 2D‐SWE for predicting significant hepatic graft fibrosis was 0.80 (p = .046). When 2D‐SWE was combined with APRI or FIB4, its AUROC improved to 0.82 (p = .08) and 0.87 (p = .002), respectively.ConclusionsAPRI and FIB4 can accurately predict significant hepatic graft fibrosis. 2D‐SWE may serve as a valuable adjunct tool to detect significant graft fibrosis, especially when combined with these serum markers.
A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales)
Authors: Yamagishi Yukimasa , Kogame Kazuhiro , Masuda Michio 
Published: January 2022

SummaryA new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa, is described. This new species and D. enomotoi, both of which have elongated axes densely covered with numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, may have been misidentified as D. villosa by previous investigators in Japan. Dasya villosa differs from D. japonovillosa and D. enomotoi in the distinct five pericentral cells in transverse sections and palisade‐like tetrasporangial cover cells. The new species is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: an elongated axis (to 65 cm), subdichotomously divided axes and polysiphonous branches, indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, and the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, radially arranged numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, three‐celled carpogonial branches, four tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and one (rarely two) tetrasporangial cover cell that is not elongated longitudinally and rarely divided transversely.
When moral identity undermines moral behavior: An integrative framework
Authors: Krettenauer Tobias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile research bore out a reliable relationship between moral identity and moral behavior, it has not addressed potential undermining effects of moral identity on moral behavior. This paper offers an integrative framework for conceptualizing such effects. Within this framework, moral identity is defined as a goal that allows for different forms of goal pursuit. The moral identity goal can vary along three axes: prevention versus promotion orientation, external versus internal motivation, and low versus high level of abstraction. It is argued that (a) prevention orientation fosters moral disengagement, (b) external motivation promotes moral hypocrisy, and (c) a less abstract representation of the moral identity goal allows for moral licensing. These undermining effects can be overcome by promotion‐oriented, internally motivated and more abstract moral identity goals.
Workspaces of Mediation: How Digital Platforms Shape Practices, Spaces and Places of Creative Work
Authors: Repenning Alica 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how online platforms co‐construct spatialities of fashion design. Advancing the notion of workspaces of mediation, the article interlinks research on the geographies of creative work with debates on digital geography. It demonstrates that humans, online platforms, and spatiality are interrelated and come together in the constitution of everyday spatial encounters and experiences. Applying methods from digital ethnography, in‐depth interviews, on/offline participant observations, and an analysis of Instagram accounts were conducted. The article demonstrates that Instagram has become a powerful non‐human actor that reconfigures (i) practices, (ii) spaces, and (iii) places of work. With the notion of workspaces of mediation, the paper argues that spaces of work must go beyond concepts of hybrid space and beyond the geotag. Instead, mediated workspaces are constituted as a complex entanglement of online and offline socio‐spatial relations and practices.
Osa‐miR535 targets SQUAMOSApromoter binding protein‐like 4 to regulate blast disease resistance in rice
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Li , Huang Yan‐Yan , Zheng Ya‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Xian , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Yang Xue‐Mei , Liu Shou‐Lan , Li Yan , Li Jin‐Lu , Zhao Sheng‐Li , Wang He , Ji Yun‐Peng , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Pu Mei , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYMany rice microRNAs have been identified as fine‐tuning factors in the regulation of agronomic traits and immunity. Among them, Osa‐miR535 targets SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein‐like 14 (OsSPL14) to positively regulate tillers but negatively regulate yield and immunity. Here, we uncovered that Osa‐miR535 targets another SPL gene, OsSPL4, to suppress rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Osa‐miR535 significantly decreased the accumulation of the fusion protein SPL4TBS‐YFP that contains the target site of Osa‐miR535 in OsSPL4. Consistently, Osa‐miR535 mediated the cleavage of OsSPL4 mRNA between the 10th and 11th base pair of the predicted binding site at the 3′ untranslated region. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsSPL4 (OXSPL4) displayed enhanced blast disease resistance accompanied by enhanced immune responses, including increased expression of defense‐relative genes and up‐accumulated H2O2. By contrast, the knockout mutant osspl4 exhibited susceptibility. Moreover, OsSPL4 binds to the promoter of GH3.2, an indole‐3‐acetic acid‐amido synthetase, and promotes its expression. Together, these data indicate that Os‐miR535 targets OsSPL4 and OsSPL4‐GH3.2, which may parallel the OsSPL14‐WRKY45 module in rice blast disease resistance.
Topical Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) administration following corneal diamond burr keratotomy for calcareous corneal degeneration in canines
Authors: Anastassiadis Zoe , Read Robert A. , Bayley Kellam D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of canine patients diagnosed with corneal ulceration associated with presumed calcareous corneal degeneration (CCD) that were treated with diamond burr keratotomy (DBK) and ongoing postoperative topical 3% or 4% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).ProceduresRetrospective assessment of CCD cases treated with ongoing topical EDTA following DBK between 2011 and 2020 at Veterinary Ophthalmic Referrals. Descriptive statistics of the study population were assessed, and a survival analysis was performed using R statistical software.ResultsA total of 51 eyes from 41 dogs were assessed, with small terrier breeds overrepresented (27/41, 65.9%). Median age of dogs at the time of diagnosis was 14.3 years (range 8–17.2 years). Following DBK, the median time to commencement of topical EDTA was 11 days (range 0–28 days). Cases were followed for a median duration of 216 days (range 42–1379 days). Corneal ulceration recurred in 7/51 (13.7%) eyes at a median duration of 80 days (range 63–156 days). The probability of recurrence of corneal ulceration associated with CCD at 12 months was 15.6% (95% CI: 4.1–25.7%). A second DBK procedure followed by ongoing topical EDTA was performed in 4/7 (57.1%) of the recurred eyes. These retreated eyes had no further recurrence recorded and a median follow‐up time of 401 days (range 120–858 days).ConclusionOngoing topical EDTA following DBK is an effective adjunct treatment method for CCD with reduced rates of recurrence of CCD‐associated corneal ulceration when compared to published rates of recurrence when treated with DBK alone.
CT is a feasible imaging technique for detecting lesions in horses with elbow lameness: A study of 139 elbows in 99 horses
Authors: Zimmerman Marieke , Schramme Michael , Barthélemy Anthony , Mariën Tom , Thomas‐Cancian Aurélie , Ségard‐Weisse Emilie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComputed tomography (CT)is increasingly available in veterinary referral practices; however, published studies describing CT lesions of the equine elbow are currently lacking. In this single‐center, retrospective, observational study, horses undergoing elbow CT at Equitom between July 2015 and October 2018 were reviewed. Subchondral bone sclerosis; resorption of the radius, ulna, and humerus; osteophyte; and enthesophyte lesions were graded. One hundred thirty‐nine elbows of 99 horses (16 with elbow pain and 123 control elbows) were included (median age, 9 years). Osseous cyst‐like lesions (n = 13), only seen in the proximomedial radius and medial humerus, were the most common cause of lameness in horses with elbow pain (n = 16), with significantly higher grades of bone resorption (including osseous cyst‐like lesions) in this group. One elbow had an avulsion fracture of the lateral epicondyle, two others showed signs of osteoarthritis. Significantly higher grades of sclerosis in the proximomedial radius were seen in horses with elbow pain; however, mild to moderate subchondral bone sclerosis was seen in all horses at the medial aspect of the joint. Osteochondral fragmentation lesions of the weight‐bearing surface of the medial radius (2/16 vs 1/123;P = .0025) and intra‐articular gas (4/16 vs 2/123;P < .0001) were significantly more common in horses with elbow pain compared to control horses. Mild linear resorptive subchondral bone lesions were often not clinically relevant (32/123 vs 5/16 in medial humerus; 19/123 vs 2/16 in medial radius). In conclusion, elbow CT is a feasible method for detecting clinically relevant lesions in adult Warmblood horses with elbow pain.
REVISITING WILLIAM PALEY
Authors: Brooke John Hedley 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluations of William Paley'sNatural Theology(1802) routinely refer to its philosophical and theological shortcomings, especially its vulnerability to Charles Darwin's scientific naturalism. Nevertheless, Paley still repays a visit as a subject who transcends common stereotypes, four of which invite correction: that Paley wrote in culpable neglect of David Hume; that he pretended to give a deductive demonstration of God's existence; that by making hisNatural Theologya stand‐alone book, his apologetic framework was neglectful of revelation and therefore inconsequential for Christian theology; and that, preoccupied with the minutiae of anatomical specificity, he was blind to laws connecting natural phenomena. Nuances in Paley's thinking, particularly his allowance for the extension of scientific naturalism, help to explain the sympathetic recognition he still enjoyed among scientific figures until the end of the nineteenth century. For Thomas Huxley, he had even created a metaphysical space that allowed for a science of evolution.