bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered dynamic functional topology in first-episode untreated patients with schizophrenia can aid in early diagnosis
Authors: You W. , Luo L. , Li Q. , Wang Y. , Wang Y. , Gong Q. , Li F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is a growing consensus on brain networks that it is not immutable but rather a dynamic complex system for adapting environment. The neuroimaging research studying how brain regions work collaboratively with dynamic methods had demonstrated its effectiveness in revealing the neural mechanisms of schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo investigate altered dynamic brain functional topology in first-episode untreated schizophrenia patients (SZs) and establish classification models to find objective brain imaging biomarkers.MethodsResting-state-functional magnetic resonance data for SZs and matched healthy controls were obtained(Table1).
Power-264-template was used to extract nodes and sliding-window approach was carried out to establish functional connectivity matrices. Functional topology was assessed by eigenvector centrality(EC) and node efficiency and its time-fluctuating was evaluated with coefficient of variation(CV). Group differences of dynamic topology and correlation analysis between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) scores and topology indices showing group differences, which also were used in establishing classification models, was examed.ResultsThe CV of node efficiency in angular and paracingulate gyrus was larger in SZs. There are 13 nodes assigned into several brain networks displaying altered CV of EC between groups(Figure1.A). Fluctuation of EC of the node in DMN, which was lower in SZs, showed negative correlation with PANSS total scores(Figure1.B). Dynamic functional topology of above nodes was used to train classification models and demonstrated 80% and 71% accuracy for support vector classification(SVC) and random forest(RF), respectively(Figure2).ConclusionsDynamic functional topology illustrated a capability in identifying SZs. Aberrated dynamics of DMN relevant to severity of patient’s symptoms could reveal the reason why it contributed to classification.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impact of early onset of chronic physical multimorbidities on schizophrenia spectrum disorder treatment outcome
Authors: Šimunović Filipčić I. , Filipcic I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite of the heightened risks and burdens of physical comorbidities across the entire schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), relatively little is known about physical multimorbidity (CPM) in this population. The study’s main objective was to explore the differences in the CPM prevalence between SSD patients and the general population (GEP).ObjectivesThe primary outcome was to explore the difference in CPM prevalence in the younger SSD and GEP groups (<35 years).The secondary outcome was the number of psychiatric readmissions.MethodsThis nested cross-sectional study enrolled 343 SSD patients and 620 GEP participants.ResultsYounger SSD patients had more than three-fold higher odds for CPM than GEP. We also demonstrated an association between the presence of CPM and the number of psychiatric admissions in the SSD population independently of possible confounders. We did not observe significant interaction of CPM and age in the prediction of clozapine use. Younger women with SSD had statistically significant, almost four-fold higher odds of CPM than women from GEP.ConclusionsThis study suggests that women with SSD are at increased physical comorbidity risk compared to men, particularly early in the course of psychiatric illness. Our results highlight the importance of addressing physical health from the first contact with a mental health service to preserve general health, and provide the best possible treatment outcome. Treatment of SSD must be customized to meet the needs of patients with different physical multimorbidity patterns.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Health resource utilization, costs, and community treatment order status before and after the initiation of second-generation long acting-injectable antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Chue P. , Wong K.O. , Klarenbach S. , Martins K. , Dursun S. , Snaterse M. , Richer L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics and community treatment orders (CTOs) are used in patients with schizophrenia to improve treatment effectiveness through adherence.ObjectivesUnderstanding healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and associated costs, and medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia overall and by CTO status before and after second generation antipsychotic (SGA) LAI initiation may guide strategies to optimize health.MethodsA retrospective observational single-arm study using administrative data from Alberta was performed. Adults with schizophrenia who initiated SGA-LAI (index date) were included. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was determined; paired t-tests were used to examine differences in HRU and costs ($CDN) between the 2-year pre-index period and 2-year post-index period. Stratified analysis by presence or absence of an active CTO during the pre-post periods was performed.ResultsAmong 1,211 patients who initiated SGA-LAIs, MPR was greater post-index (0.84) compared with pre-index (0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36, 0.41). All-cause and mental health-related HRU and costs were lower post-index versus pre-index (p<0.001); total all-cause HRU costs were $33,788 lower post- versus pre-index ($40,343 [standard deviation, SD $68,887] versus $74,131 [SD $75,941], 95% CI [-$38,993, -$28,583]), and total mental health-related HRU costs were $34,198 lower post- versus pre-index ($34,205 [SD $63,428] CDN versus $68,403 [SD $72,088] CDN, 95%CI [-$39,098, -$29,297]). Forty-three percent had ≥1 active CTO during the study period; HRU and costs varied according to CTO status.ConclusionsSGA-LAIs are associated with improved adherence, and lower HRU and costs however the latter vary according to CTO status.DisclosureThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this abstract: SD and MS have no competing interest to declare. LR, SK, KW, and KM are members of the Real-World Evidence
DiscoVR: results of a multicenter RCT on a social cognitive virtual reality training to enhance social cognition in psychosis
Authors: Pijnenborg G. , Nijman S. , Veling W. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFunctional deficits, that is, problems in fulfilling appropriate social roles in daily life, are very common in people with a psychotic disorder. In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a potential tool to improve SCT. Our research group has developed an immersive VR-SCT (‘Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality’: ‘DiSCoVR’).ObjectivesTo evaluate to effects of a VR-based social cognition training (SCT) for people with a psychotic disorder.Methods
This intervention was compared the an active VR-control condition in a multicenter RCT. Both interventions contained sixteen individual 45-60-minute on-site sessions, administered twice a week. Main study outcomes are social cognition and social functioning in daily life assessed with experience sampling.ResultsFrom baseline to post-treatment (n=72), none of the time*group interactions were significant, indicating an absence of treatment effects. A significant effect of time was observed for the SERS total score (b=9.84, 95% CI=3.81-15.87, p=.002), indicating overall improvement in self-esteem.ConclusionsWe did not find any significant treatment effects. An effect of time on self-esteem was found at post-treatment, but not follow-up, suggesting a temporary improvement in self-esteem in both groups. One way to interpret these results is that, contrary to other SCT interventions, DiSCoVR does not improve social cognition or social functioning. This could be due to characteristics of the treatment protocol. Another possibility is that, contrary to the premise of VR-SCT, our VR environments inadequately simulated reality. Adapting an established protocol to VR, could further elucidate the merit of VR as a training method.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Does country of resettlement influence the risk of suicide in refugees? A case-control study in Sweden and Norway
Authors: Amin R. , Mittendorfer-Rutz E. , Mehlum L. , Runeson B. , Helgesson M. , Tinghög P. , Björkenstam E. , Holmes E. , Qin P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLittle is known regarding how the risk of suicide in refugees relates to their host country. Specifically, to what extent, inter-country differences in structural factors between the host countries may explain the association between refugee status and subsequent suicide is lacking in previous literature.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the risk of suicide among refugees in Sweden and Norway according to their sex, age, region/country of birth and duration of residence.MethodsEach suicide case between the age of 18-64 years during 1998 and 2018 (17,572 and 9,443 cases in Sweden and Norway, respectively) was matched with up to 20 population-based controls, by sex and age. Multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression models yielding adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to test the association between refugee status and suicide.Results
The aORs for suicide in refugees in Sweden and Norway were 0.5 (95% CI: 0.5-0.6) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.3-0.4), compared with the Swedish-born and Norwegian-born individuals, respectively. Stratification by region/country of birth showed similar statistically significant lower odds for most refugee groups in both host countries except for refugees from Eritrea (aOR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.6) in Sweden. The risk of suicide did not vary much across refugee groups by their duration of residence, sex and age.Conclusions
The findings of almost similar suicide mortality advantages among refugees in two host countries may suggest that resiliency and culture/religion-bound attitudes could be more influential for suicide risk among refugees than other post-migration environmental and structural factors in the host country.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Use of hormonal contraception and attempted suicide: a nested case-control study
Authors: Toffol E. , Partonen T. , Latvala A. , But A. , Heikinheimo O. , Haukka J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn Finland more than 40% of fertile aged women used some type of hormonal contraception (HC) in the period 2010-2013. A proportion of women using HC complains of side effects, including mood symptoms. The relationship between the use of HC and the risk of attempted suicide (AS) is still a matter of debate.ObjectivesTo assess the association of the use of HC with the risk of AS during 2017-2019.MethodsData were retrieved from the Prescription Centre, Care Register of Health Care, Register of Primary Health Care Visits and Statistics Finland. A total of 587 823 women, aged 15-49 years, using and not using HC in 2017 were analysed in the initial incidence study. All incident AS cases during 2018-2019, and their 4:1 age-matched controls (1 174 346 person-years) were analysed in a nested case-control setting via conditional logistic regression models.ResultsAltogether 818 AS cases occurred during the follow-up (incidence rate: 0.70/1000 person-years, 95% CI 0.65–0.75), with an IRR of HC vs. no-HC use of 0.73 (0.63–0.83). Current use (in the 180 days before the event) of estradiol- or ethinylestradiol-containing HC was associated with a lower risk of AS (0.53, 0.33–0.87; 0.49, 0.37–0.64, respectively) compared to non-use of HC. After controlling for covariates (marital and socioeconomic status, education level, use of psychotropic medications), only current use of HC containing ethinylestradiol remained significant (0.39, 0.23–0.65).ConclusionsA lower risk of AS is associated with the use of HC, and specifically of ethinylestradiol-containing
HC.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Altered Executive Function in Suicide Attempts
Authors: Fernández J. , Alberich S. , Zorrilla I. , González-Ortega I. , López M.P. , Pérez-Solà V. , Vieta E. , González-Pinto A.M. , Saiz P.A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionExecutive function organizes and directs behaviour but alterations in this cognitive domain can lead to inaccurate perception, interpretation and response to environmental information, which could be a risk factor for suicide.ObjectivesTo explore executive function performance of depressed recent suicide attempters in comparison to depressed past suicide attempters, depressed non-attempters and healthy controls.Methods
96 participants from the Psychiatry Department of the Araba University Hospital-Santiago were recruited as follows: 20 patients with a recent suicide attempt (<30days) diagnosed with a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 33 MDD patients with history of attempted suicide, 23 non-attempter MDD patients and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment on executive function with the Wisconsin Sorting Card Test. Backward multiple regressions were performed adjusting for significant confounding variables. For group comparisons ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed with p<0.05 significance level.Results
Patient groups did not differ regarding severity of depression. All patient groups performed significantly worse than healthy controls on executive function. Adjusted comparisons between patient groups indicated that recent suicide attempters had a poorer performance in this cognitive domain in comparison to both depressed lifetime attempters and depressed non-attempters (B=0.296, p=0.019 and B=0.301, p=0.028 respectively).ConclusionsExecutive function performance is altered in recent suicide attempts. As impaired executive function can be a risk factor for suicide, preventive interventions on suicide should focus on its assessment and rehabilitation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adverse childhood experience referring to parental relationship is associated with the risk of alcohol dependence and with COMT Val158Met polymorphism, but out of gene-environment interactions
Authors: Merkulova T. , Chuprova N. , Solovieva M. , Nikolishin A. , Kibitov A. , Grechany S. , Baranok N. , Rybakova K. , Soldatkin V. , Yakovlev A. , Trusova A. , Ponizovsky P. , Krupitsky E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGene-environment interactions (GxE) are considered to make a substantial impact on the risk of alcohol dependence (AD).ObjectivesThe aim of the study: to test the associations between the functional polymorphism Val158Met (rs6265) in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene, affecting dopamine neurotransmission, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their GxE interactions with AD risk.MethodsThe study included 149 AD inpatients (mean age 29.9 (SD=3.91), 16.1% females) and 201 healthy volunteers (23.3 (2.48), 30.1% females). The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used for assessing ACE. COMT Val158Met polymorphism was detected by RT-PCR.ResultsFirst, COMT Val158Met polymorphism was associated only with adverse childhood experience referring o parental relationship (ACE-IQ), but differently in two groups. Healthy minor Met158 carriers have lower scores on the subscale “relationship with parents/guardians” (P) (p=0.025) and “physical neglect” (PN) (p=0.059) vs. homozygous Val158 carriers. However, AD patients - Met158carriers have a tendency to a higher score on the subscale “one or no parents, parental separation or divorce” (PSD) (p=0.078). Then logistic regression revealed associations of these ACE scores with increased AD risk: P (p=0.001, OR=1.186, 95%CI [1.069-1.315]), PN (p=0.024, OR=1.254, 95%CI [1.030-1.526]), and PSD (p=0.016, OR=1.499, 95%CI [1.080-2.082]). No associations of COMT Val158Met alone or in interactions with these ACE-IQ scores with the AD risk were found.ConclusionsAdverse childhood experience referring to parental relationship is associated with alcohol dependence risk and separately with COMT Val158Met, but no clear interactions in frame of GxE has been supported.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Individual factors associated with workaholism among Tunisian engineers
Authors: Bouaziz A. , Sallemi R. , Bouhamed M. , Guermazi F. , Feki I. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGlobalization and increased competition in the engineering profession induce to work longer and harder, which predisposes to workaholism or work addiction. Identifying individual factors associated with workaholism could help to maintain the mental health at work.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of workaholism and its associated socio-demographic and historic factors among Tunisian engineers.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted among Tunisian engineers during July 2021. The data were collected by an online questionnaire including the socio-demographic and historic information and the “the Work Addiction Risk Test” (WART) which was used to assess the workaholism.ResultsA total of 52 engineers participated in this study (40.4% female and 59.6% male). The average age was 30.75 years (SD=6.25 years). Concerning marital status, thirty-five engineers (67.3%) were single. Of the participants, 17.3% had a history of chronic somatic-disorders and 25 % of them had a history of a psychiatric disorder, such as depressive disorder in 11.5% of cases. The prevalence of workaholism in Tunisian engineers was 23.1%. Workaholism was associated to older age with no significant difference (p = 0.11). The analysis showed that workaholics had more history of depressive disorder (p = 0.02) compared to non-workaholics. However, no significant difference was found by the other socio-demographic factors according to workaholism.ConclusionsWorkaholism is a significant phenomenon among Tunisian engineers. It may depend of personal characteristics and induce negative consequences on mental health and lead to depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Childhood violence experience interacts with BDNF Val158Met polymorphism and modify internet addiction risk
Authors: Chuprova N. , Merkulova T. , Solovieva M. , Nikolishin A. , Trusova A. , Grechany S. , Soldatkin V. , Yakovlev A. , Ponizovsky P. , Ilyuk R. , Egorov A. , Krupitsky E. , Kibitov A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionInternet-addiction (IA) is one of the most common non-chemical (or behavioral) addictions with genetic impact and substantial effects of psychological and personality characteristics, taking into account the childhood traumatic experience. Gene-environment interactions (GxE) may substantially impact on the risk of Internet-addiction (IA).ObjectivesAim: to test the associations between the functional polymorphism rs6265 (Val66Met) in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, affecting BDNF function, and childhood traumatic experience and their GxE interactions with IA risk.MethodsIn total 456 participants were screened with Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) to cut a cohort on two groups: IA (CIAS total score ≥ 65, n=100) and controls (CIAS total score less 64, n=356). The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to assess childhood traumatic experience using its main domains: parents (P), family (F), abuse (A) and violence (V). BDNF Val158Met polymorphism was detected by RT-PCR.ResultsLogistic regression revealed associations of P scores with increased IA risk only after adjustment for sex and age (p=0.01, OR=1.166, 95%CI[1.038-1.309]) and V scores with decreased IA risk (p=0.000, OR=0.799, 95%CI [0,233;0,744] only before adjustment. No associations of F and A with IA risk were found. BDNF Val158Met per se was not associated with IA risk, but significant effect of interaction V score*BDNF rs6265 CC on IA risk in “protective” manner was revealed (р=0.039, OR=0.873, 95%CI[0.768-0.993]) in a model adjusted for sex and age.ConclusionsChildhood violence experience interacts with BDNF Val158Met polymorphism and CC (ValVal) genotype may be possibly protective factor decreasing the internet addiction riskDisclosureThis work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research: RFBR grant # 18-29-22079
Gaming Disorder: looking for a specific psychopathological profile in a Russian sample
Authors: Dovbysh D. , Bogacheva N. , Epishin V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionICD-11 describes Gaming disorder as a behavioral pattern characterized by impaired control over gaming, increased gaming priority, and escalation despite consequences. This description is similar to other addictive behaviors with minor specifics. However, it is unclear if gaming disorder has any specific psychopathological profile.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate gaming disorder’s connection to primary psychopathological symptomatology.Methods515 gamers aged 16-56 (75% male) anonymously completed online questionnaires: SCL-90-R and Video Games Addiction Scale (VGAS) – our new 26-items questionnaire based on ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder. VGAS showed good reliability (Cronbach`s α=0.858) and external validity (positive correlation with Chen Internet Addiction Scale, r=0.472, p=0.000).ResultsGaming disorder severity showed positive correlations (p=0.000) with all SCL-90-R scales. Pearson`s r ranged from 0.311 (phobic anxiety) to 0.431 (depression). Thus, gaming disorder showed no specific combination of psychopathological symptoms. Instead, all symptoms had almost equal correlations with the VGAS score.ConclusionsGaming disorder is not linked to any particular combination of psychopathological symptoms. On the contrary, as suggested by our study, different symptoms are almost equally related to excessive gaming. Several interpretations are possible. Problematic gaming can be a way for psychologically distressed people to deal with different symptoms. Conversely, gaming disorder can itself lead to psychological maladjustment. Thus, further thorough research is required, specifically when deciding on the primary diagnosis in comorbid cases or choosing the therapeutic aims.DisclosureNo significant relationships.