bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does winter cereal rye seeding rate, termination time, and N rate impact no‐till soybean?
Authors: Reed Heidi K. , Karsten Heather D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome farmers who use cover crops (CCs) have moved from CC preplant kill (PK) to delayed CC termination, called planting green (PG). We conducted a study to explore if soil conditions and crop production can be optimized by manipulating winter cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) seeding rate and spring N topdress rate for these two termination times. Treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot, randomized complete block design with four replications for three years at two Pennsylvania locations. Main plots were seeding rate (34, 67, and 134 kg ha−1, or 1x, 2x, and 4x, respectively), subplots were termination timing (PK and PG), and sub‐subplots were N rate (34 and 67 kg ha−1, or low and high, respectively). Planting green nearly doubled rye biomass at both sites, and at Landisville the high N rate accumulated 17% more biomass than the low N rate, while there was no biomass N rate effect in PK. Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites. Soybean (Glycine max L.) yield was reduced by 3–4% when PG was paired with the high N rate across seeding rates at Rock Springs and with the 1x seeding rate at Landisville compared with other treatment combinations. Soybean population was not impacted by treatments. We conclude rye seeding and N topdress rates of 34 kg ha−1 in PG can maintain similar conditions and soybean yield equivalent to PK, thereby reducing seed and N costs.
Management practices effects on Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘dintanensis’ fruit quality
Authors: Yu Yanghua , Song Yanping , Li Yitong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, field control experiments were conducted to clarify the effects of three management practices (dwarf and close planting + no sprinkling irrigation (A1), dwarf and close planting + sprinkling irrigation (A2), and natural growth (CK) on the quality of pericarp of Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘dintanensis’ in a plantation setting in a rocky desertification area of Central Guizhou Province. The results showed that the ash concentration of A2 was the highest (6.70% ± 0.42%), yet there was no significant difference from A1 (6.60% ± 0.14%) and CK (6.65% ± 0.64%), and methionine and cystine were not detected (detection limits were 13.90 and 43.60 mg kg–1, respectively). A2 management could significantly promote the concentration of amino acids (P < .05); vitamin C was not detected (detection limit was 0.20 mg kg–1), vitamin E ranked as A2 > A1 > CK, and β‐carotene ranked as A1 > A2 > CK. There were significant differences among management treatments; A1, A2, and CK had no significant effect on trace elements. In conclusion, dwarf and close planting + sprinkling irrigation is an ideal management practice improving the quality of dintanensis.
Pregnancy outcomes with hydroxyurea use in women with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kroner Barbara L. , Hankins Jane S. , Pugh Norma , Kutlar Abdullah , King Allison A. , Shah Nirmish R. , Kanter Julie , Glassberg Jeffrey , Treadwell Marsha , Gordeuk Victor R. ,   for the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydroxyurea reduces pain crises, acute chest syndrome, and blood transfusions in sickle cell disease (SCD), but potential detrimental effects on fertility and birth outcomes impede its use. Data on the effects of hydroxyurea taken for SCD during conception and pregnancy are scarce. The Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium collected self‐reported pregnancy history, corresponding hydroxyurea use, and pregnancy outcomes in women with SCD in the clinical setting. Among 1285 women 18–45 years of age, 737 (57.4%) reported 1788 pregnancies (1079 live births, 394 miscarriages, 40 stillbirths, 207 abortions, 48 current pregnancies, and 20 missing outcomes) of which 241 (15.9%) live births, miscarriages or stillbirths were conceived while on hydroxyurea. In univariate analyses, pregnancy number more than three, severe sickle genotype, history of stillbirth or miscarriage, and chronic kidney disease at enrollment were covariates significantly associated with a pregnancy ending in miscarriage or stillbirth. After adjustment for covariates and additional SCD severity markers in multivariate analyses, hydroxyurea use during conception and pregnancy, but not during conception only, was associated with an increase in the odds ratio (OR) of miscarriage or stillbirth (OR 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–3.47). In analyses of live birth outcomes, hydroxyurea use during conception and pregnancy was associated with birth weight < 5.5 pounds in full‐term infants (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.09–7.38) but not with prematurity or serious medical problems at birth. These findings suggest that hydroxyurea use may be safe up to the time of conception, but that clinicians should continue to advise caution regarding use during pregnancy.
Understanding settlement services literacy and the provision of settlement services for humanitarian migrants in Australia—A service provider perspective
Authors: Abood Julianne , Polonsky Michael , Woodward Kerry , Green Julie , Tadjoeddin Zulfan , Renzaho Andre M. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past 40 years, successive Australian Governments have developed a comprehensive programme of settlement services (SS) designed to improve settlement outcomes for humanitarian migrants. Many humanitarian migrants do not arrive with the appropriate skills and abilities to fully benefit from available SS. “Settlement services literacy” (SSL) has been proposed as a framework to contextualise factors that may enable or constrain humanitarian migrants' utilisation of SS. The aim of this study was to investigate the provision of SS in relation to SSL, that is humanitarian migrants' ability to effectively access information and services, to critically assess services, and to politically mobilise and effect change. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 service providers representing 19 organisations in Greater Western Sydney (n = 8) and Melbourne (n = 11). The study found that SS programmes address many of the indicators that promote SSL acquisition. However, this is not achieved systematically, nor do the programmes reflect all indicators across the three SSL levels. This study provides new insights into various factors impacting the effectiveness of SS provision and SSL acquisition. These insights can inform future programme policy reforms and contribute to more effective and responsive service systems that meet the diverse and complex needs of humanitarian migrants.
Enhancing Tumor Catalytic Therapy by Co‐Catalysis
Authors: Yang Jiacai , Yao Heliang , Guo Yuedong , Yang Bowen , Shi Jianlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFenton reactions have been recently applied in tumor catalytic therapy, whose efficacy suffers from the unsatisfactory reaction kinetics of Fe3+ to Fe2+ conversion. Here we introduce a co‐catalytic concept in tumor catalytic therapy by using a two‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet atomically dispersed with Fe species. The single‐atom Fe species act as active sites for triggering Fenton reactions, while the abundant sulfur vacancies generated on the nanosheet favor electron capture by hydrogen peroxide for promoting hydroxyl radical production. Moreover, the 2D MoS2 support also acts as a co‐catalyst to accelerate the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by the oxidation of active Mo4+ sites to Mo6+, thereby promoting the whole catalytic process. The 2D nanocatalyst exhibits a desirable catalytic performance, as well as a significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which indicates the feasibility for applying such a co‐catalytic concept in tumor therapy.
Synthesis and photoluminescence enhancement of the LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+ red phosphors by co‐doping with Bi3+
Authors: Zhou Peng , Qiu Kehui , Zhang Wentao , Yue Lu , Lou Sangang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+ and LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ phosphors were prepared using the citric‐acid‐fueled combustion method and the influence of concentrations of Bi3+ dopant on LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+ red luminescence was investigated. The LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+ and LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ samples matched well with the scheelite structure and I41/a space group and did not detect structural changes. Under an excitation of 403 nm, the prepared LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ phosphor was excited and produced orange‐red emission. When compared with the LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+ phosphor, the LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ phosphor exhibited enhanced fluorescence intensity because the Bi3+ dopant ions are doped as a sensitizer. The optimal doping concentrations of Sm3+ and Bi3+ were 5 and 1 mol%, respectively. Furthermore, the energy transfer from Bi3+ to Sm3+ is effective (3P1 → 4K11/2). Subsequently, the electrons in an unstable excited state were transferred to a stable ground state (4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2). The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the optimized LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ phosphor were situated in the orange‐red region. The luminescence of the LiLa(MoO4)2:Sm3+,Bi3+ phosphor generated under near‐ultraviolet (UV) irradiation could be used to produce a warm white light, indicating its possible applications in white light‐emitting diodes.
Agency cost: A missing link between female on board and firm performance
Authors: Khuong Nguyen Vinh , Anh Le Huu Tuan , Quyen Pham Nhat , Thao Ngo Thi Thien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the relationship between the presence of females in the board of directors (BOD) and agency cost as well as firm performance with the mediating role of agency costs. We employ STATA to test feasible general least squares and generalized method of moments (GMM) on Vietnamese listed firms' data over 2015–2019. The results demonstrate that the presence of female directors is positively related to firm performance. The percentage of females has a positive relationship with agency cost, which has a negative impact on firm performance. The mediating role of the agency cost variable only reduces the positive impact of gender diversity in the BOD on firm performance, but this relationship is not reversed. The main contribution is the examination of the moderating role of state ownership and the mediating role of agency costs. Our study provides evidence about women's roles in different legal contexts, which might foster the formation of future legal frameworks.
Inhibition of Skp2 enhances doxorubicin‐induced cell death in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Manafi Shabestari Rima , Chegeni Rouzbeh , Faranoush Mohammad , Zaker Farhad , Safa Majid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractS‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a well‐defined component of the Skp2‐Culin1‐F‐box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is involved in cell cycle progression and considered a prognostic marker in cancers. Overexpression of Skp2 is frequently observed in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Inhibition of this protein may be a valuable strategy to induce apoptosis in malignant cells. Less well known is the effect of Skp2 inhibition on the potentiation of the chemotherapeutic‐induced cell death in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). Our results demonstrated that inhibition of the Skp2 using SZL P1‐41, not only resulted in caspase‐mediated apoptosis but also potentiated doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis in BCP‐ALL cell lines (NALM‐6 and SUP‐B15). SZL P1‐41 in combination with doxorubicin altered cell cycle distribution and the level of cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases in BCP‐ALL cells. DNA damage response genes were also upregulated in presence of the doxorubicin and SZL P1‐41 in both cell lines. In conclusion, our results indicated that inhibition of Skp2 either alone or in a combination with doxorubicin may hold promise in the future treatment of BCP‐ALL.
Complex‐derived Fe2N Anchored on Conductive Few‐layer Graphene for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Shaoning , Dong Chenlong , Wan Zengming , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing highly active sites and simultaneously electrically conductive pathways is necessary to establish rapid oxygen reduced reaction (ORR) kinetics. Herein, hexamethylene tetramine as the bidentate ligand is utilized to chelate Fe ion and provide carbon and nitrogen source. During pyrolysis, Fe catalyzes the growth of N‐doped few‐layer graphene so that Fe2N nanoparticles are anchored on conductive framework due to strong Fe−N interaction. Benefiting from above merits, the Fe2N@NGs catalyst achieves a half‐potential of 0.84 V (vs. RHE), long‐term stability and robustness to methanol crossover effect compared to the Pt/C catalyst. Thus, synergistically combining ligand‐metal framework and transition metal‐catalyzed graphitization gives new insight into engineering transition‐metal/heteroatom‐doped‐graphene hybrid catalysts.
Long‐term responses of gastropods to simulated hurricanes in a tropical montane rainforest
Authors: Presley Steven J. , Willig Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate‐induced disturbances such as hurricanes affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems, especially those in the Caribbean Basin, where high‐energy storms have long affected ecosystem dynamics. Because climate change will likely continue to alter the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Caribbean, it is increasingly important to understand the mechanistic bases for ecosystem responses. Although long‐term surveys and nonmanipulative “natural experiments” provide considerable insight, manipulative experiments are required to decouple confounded factors associated with high‐intensity storms. To address this, we exploited a replicated factorial design to experimentally isolate the long‐term effects of canopy opening and debris deposition on population‐ and community‐level characteristics of gastropods in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. The canopy trimming experiment included four treatments: (1) the reference treatment received no manipulations; (2) canopy trimmed, but debris from trimming not deposited on the forest floor (trim only); (3) canopy not trimmed, but debris deposited on the forest floor (debris only); and (4) canopy trimmed and debris deposited on the forest floor (trim and debris). After 10 years, the trim and debris treatment was repeated to simulate reoccurring hurricane events, whereas the trim‐only and debris‐only treatments were not subject to additional manipulation at this time. We evaluated responses to treatment and time for gastropod populations (abundance) and communities (biodiversity and composition). Population‐level responses were species specific. Three species and total gastropod abundance exhibited consistent responses to treatments regardless of time, four species exhibited consistent temporal trends regardless of treatment, and five species exhibited an interaction in which the effects of time depended on treatment. In general, point‐, α‐, and γ‐biodiversity decreased through time, whereas β‐biodiversity increased through time. Gastropod populations and communities were resistant and resilient to the simulated disturbances, exhibiting quick recovery from any short‐term changes in abundance or biodiversity. From an evolutionary perspective, long‐term exposure to hurricane‐induced disturbances likely leads to species‐specific adaptations that enhance resistance and resilience.
Optimized canopy structure improves maize grain yield and resource use efficiency
Authors: Liu Guangzhou , Yang Yunshan , Liu Wanmao , Guo Xiaoxia , Xie Ruizhi , Ming Bo , Xue Jun , Zhang Guoqiang , Li Rongfa , Wang Keru , Hou Peng , Li Shaokun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproved canopy structure was instrumental in setting maize yield records, and yet it has rarely been examined in China. At Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, we conducted a 4‐year field experiment using China's six highest‐yielding maize hybrids sorted into three yield level groups that were grown at similar growth durations and at optimum densities. The average yield of high‐yield level (HL, 22.3 Mg ha−1) was 7.2% and 24.6% higher than that of medium‐yield level (ML) and low‐yield level (LL), respectively. For each yield level, we measured morphological traits that influence canopy structure and yield. They included plant height, ear height, ear ratio, internode length, leaf numbers, leaf angle, LOV, leaf area, and spatial density of leaf area. Among the preceding morphological traits of the three yield levels, HL’s best optimized the canopy structure, as shown by improved light distribution (19.0% light transmission at the ear) and increased light interception per unit leaf area per day (LIPA, 51.7 MJ m−2 day−1) in the canopy. In comparison, light transmission was 12.2% and 15.9% at the ear and the total LIPAs were 37.2 and 29.0 MJ m−2 day−1 at silking for ML and LL, respectively. HL had significantly longer leaf area duration and a higher photosynthetic rate, especially at the grain filling stage, and its total accumulated biomass at maturity was significantly better (by 13.9%) than LL’s. HL’s harvest index (0.54) was significantly higher than that of ML (0.52) and LL (0.48). HL’s radiation and heat use efficiencies were 2.61% and 1.37 g °C−1 day−1 m−2, both significantly greater than those of ML and LL. Therefore, optimum maize plant types can significantly improve canopy structure and increase resource use efficiency and grain yield.
Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution
Authors: Li Yonglu , Feng Xinyu , Zhou Su , Zheng Zihuan , Yu Ting , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhu Jiajin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPregnancy is a prolonged and tortuous process impairing puerperal health and life, in which uterine involution playing a decisive role. However, puerperae continually suffer from postpartum complications, whereas few research has focused on the postpartum recovery and uterine involution acceleration. The requirement for a safer and efficient therapy strategy for postpartum care is very urgent. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of Apios americana Medikus tuber to be a novel adjuvant therapy strategy for postpartum recovery. As a natural resource supplement, AM possesses multiple bioactivities and high biosafety, which also more acceptable for long treatment period during and after pregnancy. AM significantly altered the levels of estrogen, progesterone and their receptors, the secretion of transforming growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it also significantly regulated various genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cell cycle, such as PLA2G3, EGR1, LCN2, and MMP9, thereby inhibiting inflammation and facilitating postpartum recovery and uterine involution. To conclude, our results suggested that AM as a promising supplementary food or a potential adjuvant treatment to accelerate postpartum uterine involution.
Bioethics for Journalists
Authors: Gilbert Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 2021, The Hastings Center launched Bioethics for Journalists, an annual series of online events aimed at helping journalists identify and investigate ethics questions in science and medicine. The Center partnered with the Center for ELSI Resources & Analysis, a federally funded project focused on the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetics and genomics research, to produce four events: “Genomics, Human Behavior, and Social Outcomes”; “Law Enforcement and Genetic Data”; “Precision Medicine Research, ‘All of Us,’ and Inclusion”; and “Addressing Racism in Medical Research and Publishing.” While created for journalists, these events appeal to a broader audience. You can watch them on the Center's website.
The Bleak Future of Reproductive Rights for Queer Indians
Authors: Bhatt Rohin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the decriminalization of homosexuality in India in 2018, LGBTQ+ rights are under threat in the nation under Prime Minister Modi’s far‐right government. In this commentary, I explain why two bills recently passed by the Indian parliament—the Artificial Reproductive Technologies (Regulation) Bill and the Surrogacy Regulation Bill—will have chilling effects on the reproductive rights of LGBTQ+ citizens. The biologically essentialist and heteropatriarchal framing of reproductive rights in the bills will prevent LGBTQ+ citizens from accessing reproductive technologies. Contextualizing this framing within Modi’s wider far‐right Hindu nationalist agenda, I argue that there is a need for a heightened bioethical call to action from queer and feminist bioethicists in India and across the globe.
Consent for Intimate Exams on Unconscious Patients: Sharpening Legislative Efforts
Authors: Friesen Phoebe , Wilson Robin Fretwell , Kim Soyoon , Goedken Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practice of nonconsensual intimate exams performed on unconscious patients by medical students during their training has received significant attention in the last several years. Clinicians, medical students, bioethicists, lawyers, and the public have called for explicit and specific consent to take place before all educational intimate examinations of unconscious patients. In response, since January of 2019, dozens of bills have been proposed in more than twenty states, and thirteen of these have been signed into law (in addition to six that passed before 2019). Here, we consider the content of these enacted bills, drawing attention to five variable features and offering these five corresponding legislative recommendations, in hopes of narrowing in on the appropriate ethical scope of consent laws surrounding educational intimate exams: (1) use gender‐neutral language; (2) include all intimate exams, not solely pelvic exams; (3) focus on unconscious patients; (4) focus on educational exams; and (5) regulate systems, not individuals.
Death in a Cold Climate: Medical Aid in Dying in Vermont
Authors: Davis Dena S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhat happened when Vermont passed its medical‐aid‐in‐dying bill in 2013? Not what one might hope or expect. In Scripting Death: Stories of Assisted Dying in America (University of California Press, 2021), Mara Buchbinder details, through a host of gripping interviews, the difficulties people experience in actually accessing their legal rights to physician‐assisted suicide.