bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D bioassembly of cell-instructive chondrogenic and osteogenic hydrogel microspheres containing allogeneic stem cells for hybrid biofabrication of osteochondral constructs
Authors: Cui Xiaolin , Alcala-Orozco Cesar R , Baer Kenzie , Li Jun , Murphy Caroline A , Durham Mitch , Lindberg Gabriella , Hooper Gary J , Lim Khoon S , Woodfield Tim B F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently developed modular bioassembly techniques hold tremendous potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their ability to recreate the complex microarchitecture of native tissue. Here, we developed a novel approach to fabricate hybrid tissue-engineered constructs adopting high-throughput microfluidic and 3D bioassembly strategies. Osteochondral tissue fabrication was adopted as an example in this study, because of the challenges in fabricating load bearing osteochondral tissue constructs with phenotypically distinct zonal architecture. By developing cell-instructive chondrogenic and osteogenic bioink microsphere modules in high-throughput, together with precise manipulation of the 3D bioassembly process, we successfully fabricated hybrid engineered osteochondral tissue in vitro with integrated but distinct cartilage and bone layers. Furthermore, by encapsulating allogeneic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and demonstrating chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, the hybrid biofabrication of hydrogel microspheres in this 3D bioassembly model offers potential for an off-the-shelf, single-surgery strategy for osteochondral tissue repair.
Culture of cancer spheroids and evaluation of anti-cancer drugs in 3D-printed miniaturized continuous stirred tank reactors (mCSTRs)
Authors: Gallegos-Martínez Salvador , Lara-Mayorga Itzel Montserrat , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Mendoza-Buenrostro Christian , Flores-Garza Brenda Giselle , Reyes-Cortés Luisa María , Segoviano-Ramírez Juan Carlos , Zhang Yu Shrike , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel , Álvarez Mario Moisés 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality in modern societies; therefore, improved and more reliable in vitro cancer models are needed to expedite fundamental research and anti-cancer drug development. Here, we describe the use of a miniaturized continuous stirred tank reactor (mCSTR) to first fabricate and mature cancer spheroids (i.e. derived from MCF7 cells, DU145 cells, and a mix of MCF7 cells and fibroblasts), and then to conduct anti-cancer drug assays under continuous perfusion. This 3 ml mCSTR features an off-center agitation system that enables homogeneous chaotic laminar mixing at low speeds to support cell aggregation. We incubated cell suspensions for 3 d in ultra-low-attachment plates to allow formation of discoid cell aggregates (∼600 µm in diameter). These cell aggregates were then transferred into mCSTRs and continuously fed with culture medium. We characterized the spheroid morphology and the expression of relevant tumor biomarkers at different maturation times for up to 4 weeks. The spheroids progressively increased in size during the first 5–6 d of culture to reach a steady diameter between 600 and 800 µm. In proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrated the use of this mCSTR in anti-cancer drug testing. Three drugs commonly used in breast cancer treatment (doxorubicin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel) were probed at different concentrations in MCF7-derived spheroids. In these experiments, we evaluated cell viability, glucose consumption, spheroid morphology, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the expression of genes associated with drug resistance (ABCB1 and ABCC1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl2). We envision the use of this agitated system as a tumor-on-a-chip platform to expedite efficacy and safety testing of novel anti-cancer drugs and possibly in personalized medicine applications.
Two distinct networks containing position-tolerant representations of actions in the human brain
Authors: Yargholi Elahé , Hossein-Zadeh Gholam-Ali , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHumans can recognize others’ actions in the social environment. This action recognition ability is rarely hindered by the movement of people in the environment. The neural basis of this position tolerance for observed actions is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to identify brain regions capable of generalizing representations of actions across different positions and investigate the representational content of these regions. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants viewed point-light displays of different human actions. Stimuli were presented in either the upper or the lower visual field. Multivariate pattern analysis and a surface-based searchlight approach were employed to identify brain regions that contain position-tolerant action representation: Classifiers were trained with patterns in response to stimuli presented in one position and were tested with stimuli presented in another position. Results showed above-chance classification in the left and right lateral occipitotemporal cortices, right intraparietal sulcus, and right postcentral gyrus. Further analyses exploring the representational content of these regions showed that responses in the lateral occipitotemporal regions were more related to subjective judgments, while those in the parietal regions were more related to objective measures. These results provide evidence for two networks that contain abstract representations of human actions with distinct representational content.
Risk Allocation: The Contractual Practice of Chinese Charitable Trusts
Authors: Jing Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2016, the Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China (Charity Law) introduced the charitable trust into the Chinese domestic system, with a view to releasing the potential of trusts to promote charitable activities. Drawing upon the failure of public welfare trusts, the new charity law designates special regulators for charitable trusts and endows settlors with extensive powers in the utilization of the charitable trust device. However, the new law on charitable trusts is vague and incomplete in numerous respects. Because of the vagueness of the law, public supervision, and regulatory scrutiny, trust parties might perceive risks in the creation and management of charitable trusts, and such perceptions may in turn motivate trust parties to use contractual tools to allocate such risks among themselves. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews and the study of real-world charitable trust contracts, this article offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of contracts in the regulation of charitable trusts. It explores the main uses of contracts in the field of charitable trusts and the reasons leading to such uses; it also aims to better understand how the scope and function of the legislative framework for charitable trusts is shaped by contractual arrangements between trust parties.
Perinatal outcomes in anemic pregnant women in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Debella Adera , Eyeberu Addis , Getachew Tamirat , Atnafe Genanaw , Geda Biftu , Dheresa Merga 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a worldwide problem with serious effects for mothers and their babies. Although efforts have been made to lessen the burden of anemia, it has remained a problem. Moreover, there is a paucity of information regarding the perinatal outcomes of anemia in the study area. Thus this study aimed to assess the perinatal outcomes in anemic pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 systematically selected pregnant women. Data were collected by interview and entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS for Windows version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine the association between independent variables and the outcome variable.

Results
Among pregnant women, 61.9% had an adverse perinatal outcome. The most common reported adverse perinatal outcomes were preterm birth, congenital anomalies and stillbirths. Furthermore, variables such as educational status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.11 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.245 to 3.58]), antenatal care follow-up (AOR 2.75 [95% CI 1.47 to 5.18]) and hemoglobin level (AOR 4.1 [95% CI 2.609 to 6.405]) were significantly associated with perinatal outcomes.

Conclusions
Nearly three-fourths of anemic pregnant women experienced adverse perinatal outcomes. In general, this study identified that educational status, antenatal follow-up and hemoglobin level were associated with perinatal outcomes among anemic pregnant women. To prevent adverse perinatal outcomes, efforts must be made to ensure that all pregnant women receive antenatal care and have adequate maternal nutritional status.
Observing interventions: a logic for thinking about experiments
Authors: Barbero Fausto , Schulz Katrin , Velázquez-Quesada Fernando R , Xie Kaibo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper makes a first step towards a logic of learning from experiments. For this, we investigate formal frameworks for modeling the interaction of causal and (qualitative) epistemic reasoning. Crucial for our approach is the idea that the notion of an intervention can be used as a formal expression of a (real or hypothetical) experiment (Pearl, 2009, Causality. Models, Reasoning, and Inference, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Woodward, 2003, Making Things Happen, vol. 114 of Oxford Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press). In a first step we extend a causal model (Briggs, 2012, Philosophical Studies, 160, 139–166; Galles and Pearl, 1998, An axiomatic characterisation of causal counterfactuals. Foundations of Science, 3, 151–182; Halpern, 2000, Axiomatizing causal reasoning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 12, 317–337; Pearl, 2009, Causality. Models, Reasoning, and Inference, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) with a simple Hintikka-style representation of the epistemic state of an agent. In the resulting setting, one can talk about the knowledge of an agent and information update. The resulting logic can model reasoning about thought experiments. However, it is unable to account for learning from experiments, which is clearly brought out by the fact that it validates the principle of no learning for interventions. Therefore, in a second step, we implement a more complex notion of knowledge (Nozick, 1981, Philosophical Explanations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts) that allows an agent to observe (measure) certain variables when an experiment is carried out. This extended system does allow for learning from experiments. For all the proposed logics, we provide a sound and complete axiomatization.
DNACPR Decisions: Aligning Law, Guidance, and Practice
Authors: Michalowski Sabine , Martin Wayne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions are a means to consider in advance the appropriateness of CPR measures if an acute crisis arises. During the COVID-19 pandemic, problems with such decisions, for example the putting in place of DNACPR decisions for all residents of certain care homes, received a lot of attention, prompting a Care Quality Commission (CQC) report with recommendations for improvement. Building on the CQC report, our article addresses a cluster of legal uncertainties surrounding DNACPR decisions, in particular about the grounds for such decisions and the correct procedures for the legally required consultation, including with whom to consult.
This article will also analyse commonly used DNACPR forms, as well as the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) form, which aims to incorporate DNACPR decisions as part of more holistic end-of-life care planning. The analysis shows that all forms exhibit shortcomings in reflecting the legal requirements for DNACPR decisions. We recommend a number of changes to the forms aimed at rendering DNACPR practice compliant with the law and more protective of the person’s human rights.
Myotis lavali(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Novaes Roberto Leonan M , Hintze Frederico , Moratelli Ricardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias, and Oliveira, 2011 is a vespertilionid bat commonly called LaVal’s myotis. It is a small- to medium-sized bat with long silky fur; dorsal fur strongly bicolored, with medium-brown bases and light-brown tips. It occurs from Northeastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina, and its distribution is associated with the South American diagonal of dry formations (Caatinga, Cerrado, Chaco, and Pantanal biomes), with peripheral records in the adjacent Atlantic Forest. Myotis lavali is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
The Fe–S proteome of Escherichia coli: prediction, function, and fate
Authors: Lénon Marine , Arias-Cartín Rodrigo , Barras Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are inorganic ubiquitous and ancient cofactors. Fe–S-bound proteins contribute to most cellular processes, including DNA replication and integrity, genetic expression and regulation, metabolism, biosynthesis, and most bioenergetics systems. Also, Fe–S proteins hold a great biotechnological potential in metabolite and chemical production, including antibiotics. From classic biophysics and spectroscopy methodologies to recent development in bioinformatics, including structural modeling and chemoproteomics, our capacity to predict and identify Fe–S proteins has spectacularly increased over the recent years. Here, these developments are presented and collectively used to update the composition of Escherichia coli Fe–S proteome, for which we predict 181 occurrences, i.e. 40 more candidates than in our last catalog, and equivalent to 4% of its total proteome. Besides, Fe–S clusters can be targeted by redox active compounds or reactive oxygen and nitrosative species, and even be destabilized by contaminant metals. Accordingly, we discuss how cells handle damaged Fe–S proteins, i.e. degradation, recycling, or repair.
Ionomic responses of hydroponic-grown basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to cadmium long-time exposure
Authors: Teles Vânia de Lourdes G , Sousa Giselle V , Modolo Luzia V , Augusti Rodinei , Costa Letícia M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ionomic response of basil leaves, stems, and roots to Cd2+ was evaluated in seedlings grown in a hydroponic system for 15 days. Ions were quantified by the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cd accumulated mainly in roots, while Be, Li, Ca, Mg, and Sr in leaves, and K and Mn in stems. Compared to the control group, basil seedlings treated with Cd2+ accumulated higher Ca, Cu, Mn, Sr, and Zn contents in roots, even when exposed at low levels. Pearson positive correlations between Cd and essential and nonessential elements were mostly observed in leaves and roots (P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, negative correlations were observed mainly in stems with all elements except Ba, Li, Sr, and Zn. Principal component analysis showed an ionomic discrimination between leaves, stems, and roots, with Cd strongly correlated to Zn, Cu, and Sr.
Prevalence and risk factors for blood filariasis among HIV-infected adults in Gabon, Central Africa: a pilot study
Authors: Pongui Ngondza B , Koumba Lengongo J V , Mickala P , M'bondoukwé N P , Ndong Ngomo J M , Moutombi Ditombi B C , Mawili-Mboumba D P , Bouyou-Akotet M K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe level of blood filariasis parasitaemia as well as the frequency of and the relationship between cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CTX-P), antiretroviral therapy (ART) intake and CD4 cell count among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in rural areas of Gabon were being studied.MethodsSociodemographic data and recent biological tests of PLHIV and HIV-negative participants were collected. Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaria were detected by direct microscopy examination and leucoconcentration.ResultsOverall, 209 HIV-positive and 148 HIV-negative subjects were enrolled. The overall prevalence of microfilaria was comparable between PLHIV (19.9% [n=41/206]) and HIV-negative participants (14.8% [n=22/148]) (p=0.2). The L. loa infection rate was comparable between HIV-positive (9.2%) and HIV-negative participants (6.8%) (p=0.2), while the M. perstans infection rate was 14-fold higher among PLHIV (p&lt;0.01). L. loa parasitaemia was 6-fold lower in PLHIV receiving CTX-P (median 150 mf/mL [interquartile range {IQR} 125–350]) than in patients without (900 [550–2225]) (p&lt;0.01). Among subjects with a CD4 cell count &lt;200 cells/μL, the prevalence of M. perstans was 7-fold higher than that of L. loa (20.6% vs 2.9%).ConclusionsThis study suggests a similar exposure to L. loa infection of PLHIV and HIV-negative patients while M. perstans is more frequently found in HIV-positive individuals, notably those with a CD4 count &lt;200 cells/μL.
Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Interfacility Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Transfer Based on Cannulation Location and Mode of Transport
Authors: Wothe Jillian K. , Bergman Zachary R. , Kalland Krystina R. , Peter Logan G. , Lusczek Elizabeth R. , Brunsvold Melissa E. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
As the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) expands, so has the need for interfacility transfer to ECMO centers. However, the impact of these transfers has not been fully studied. This study evaluates complications and inhospital mortality in adult patients treated with venovenous (V-V) ECMO based on institutional location of cannulation and mode of transport.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Large midwestern ECMO center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients receiving VV-ECMO.

INTERVENTIONS:
Need for transfer to ECMO center following VV-ECMO cannulation.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The study included 102 adult patients, 57% of which were cannulated at an outside institution prior to transfer. Of these, 60% were transported by ground, and the remainder were transported by air. Risk-adjusted logistic regression did not reveal any significant increase in odds for any complication or inhospital mortality between the groups based on location of cannulation or mode of transport.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study supports the practice of interfacility ECMO transfer with no difference in outcomes or inhospital mortality based on institutional location of cannulation or mode of transport.
Model-Based Tacrolimus Follow-up Dosing in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients: A Simulation Trial
Authors: Francke Marith I. , Hesselink Dennis A. , Andrews Louise M. , van Gelder Teun , Keizer Ron J. , de Winter Brenda C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Initial algorithm-based dosing appears to be effective in predicting tacrolimus dose requirement. However, achieving and maintaining the target concentrations is challenging. Model-based follow-up dosing, which considers patient characteristics and pharmacological data, may further personalize treatment. This study investigated whether model-based follow-up dosing could lead to more accurate tacrolimus exposure than standard therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in kidney transplant recipients after an initial algorithm-based dose.

Methods:
This simulation trial included patients from a prospective trial that received an algorithm-based tacrolimus starting dose followed by TDM. For every measured tacrolimus predose concentration (C0,obs), model-based dosing advice was simulated using the InsightRX software. Based on previous tacrolimus doses and C0, age, body surface area, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes, hematocrit, albumin, and creatinine, the optimal next dose, and corresponding tacrolimus concentration (C0,pred) were predicted.

Results:
Of 190 tacrolimus C0 values measured in 59 patients, 121 (63.7%; 95% CI 56.8–70.5) C0,obs were within the therapeutic range (7.5–12.5 ng/mL) versus 126 (66.3%, 95% CI 59.6–73.0) for C0,pred (P = 0.89). The median absolute difference between the tacrolimus C0 and the target tacrolimus concentration (10.0 ng/mL) was 1.9 ng/mL for C0,obs versus 1.6 ng/mL for C0,pred. In a historical cohort of 114 kidney transplant recipients who received a body weight–based starting dose followed by TDM, 172 of 335 tacrolimus C0 (51.3%) were within the therapeutic range (10.0–15.0 ng/mL).

Conclusions:
The combination of an algorithm-based tacrolimus starting dose with model-based follow-up dosing has the potential to minimize under- and overexposure to tacrolimus in the early posttransplant phase, although the additional effect of model-based follow-up dosing on initial algorithm-based dosing seems small.
Cleft Palate Repair: A History of Techniques and Variations
Authors: Naidu Priyanka , Yao Caroline A. , Chong David K. , Magee William P. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Orofacial clefting is a common reconstructive surgical condition that often involves the palate. Cleft palate repair has evolved over three centuries from merely achieving anatomical closure to prioritizing speech development and avoiding midface hypoplasia. Despite centuries of advancements, there is still substantial controversy and variable consensus on technique, timing, and sequence of cleft palate repair procedures. Furthermore, evaluating the success of various techniques is hindered by a lack of universal outcome metrics and difficulty maintaining long-term follow-up. This article presents the current controversies of cleft palate repair and details how the history of cleft palate repair has influenced current techniques commonly used worldwide. Our review highlights the need for a global consortium on cleft care to gather expert opinions on current practices and outcomes and to standardize technique classifications. An understanding of global protocols is crucial in an attempt to standardize technique and timing to achieve anatomical closure with optimal velopharyngeal competence, while also minimizing the occurrence of maxillary hypoplasia and palatal fistulae.