bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak
Authors: ZANG Linge , QU Yufan , LUO Yuan , LIN Weiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak. The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room (equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows), a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system. The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R × f
+1, where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f
+1 is the fraction of charge state +1. The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet. The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of NdFeB. The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet. The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H+ and D+ on the detector plane. For each line, the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV from one side to another.
Field-effect surface chemistry: chemical reactions on two-dimensional materials controlled by field-effect transistor configurations
Authors: Nouchi Ryo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Because chemical reactions are largely governed by the movement of electrons, it is possible to control chemical reactions using electronic devices that provide functionality by controlling the movement of electrons in a solid. In this perspective, we discuss the concept of ‘field-effect surface chemistry,’ which controls chemical reactions on two-dimensional materials using field-effect transistors (FETs), a representative electronic device. The electrical voltages to be applied for the FET operation are the gate voltage and drain voltage. The former is expected to control the Fermi level and exert the effect of the electric field directly on the reactants, while the latter is expected to provide local heating by Joule heat and energy transfer to the reactants. Further, we discuss a sample structure that does not require any voltage but has the same effect as the gate voltage.
Differences in Hypertension and Stage II Hypertension by Demographic and Risk Factors, Obtained by Two Different Protocols in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Ostchega Yechiam , Hughes Jeffery P , Kit Brian , Chen Te-Ching , Nwankwo Tatiana , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Graber Jessica E , Nguyen Duong T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To compare prevalence of hypertension and stage II hypertension assessed by 2 blood pressure (BP) observation protocols.

METHODS
Participants aged 18 years and older (n = 4,689) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017–2018) had their BP measured following 2 protocols: the legacy auscultation protocol (AP) and oscillometric protocol (OP). The order of protocols was randomly assigned. Prevalence estimates for hypertension (BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension) and stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) were determined overall, by demographics, and by risk factors for each protocol. Ratios (OP% ÷ AP%) and kappa statistics were calculated.

RESULTS
Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence was 44.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.1%–48.0%) using OP and 45.1% (95% CI: 41.5%–48.7%) using AP, prevalence ratio = 0.99 (95% CI = 0.94–1.04). Age-adjusted stage II hypertension prevalence was 15.8% (95% CI: 13.6%–18.2%) using AP and 17.1% (95% CI: 14.7%–19.7%) using OP, prevalence ratio = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.81–1.04). For both hypertension and stage II hypertension, the prevalence ratios by demographics and by risk factors all included unity in their 95% CI, except for stage II hypertension in adults 60+ years (ratio: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.78–0.98]). Kappa for agreement between protocols for hypertension and stage II hypertension was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.71–0.79) and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.61–0.72), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In adults and for nearly all subcategories there were no significant differences in prevalence of hypertension and stage II hypertension between protocols, indicating that protocol change may not affect the national prevalence estimates of hypertension and stage II hypertension.
MOSS: multi-omic integration with sparse value decomposition
Authors: Gonzalez-Reymundez Agustin , Grueneberg Alexander , Lu Guanqi , Alves Filipe Couto , Rincon Gonzalo , Vazquez Ana I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Summary
This article presents multi-omic integration with sparse value decomposition (MOSS), a free and open-source R package for integration and feature selection in multiple large omics datasets. This package is computationally efficient and offers biological insight through capabilities, such as cluster analysis and identification of informative omic features.

Availability and implementation
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MOSS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary information can be found at https://github.com/agugonrey/GonzalezReymundez2021.
Five-year results of Amaze: a randomized controlled trial of adjunct surgery for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sharples Linda D , Mills Christine , Chiu Yi-Da , Fynn Simon , Holcombe Helen M , Nashef Samer A M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Amaze trial showed that adding atrial fibrillation (AF) surgery to cardiac operations increased return to sinus rhythm (SR) without impact on quality of life or survival at 2 years. We report outcomes to 5 years.

METHODS
In a multicentre, phase III, pragmatic, double-blind, randomized controlled superiority trial, cardiac surgery patients with &gt;3 months of AF were randomized 1:1 to adjunct AF surgery or control. Primary outcomes of 1-year SR restoration and 2-year quality-adjusted survival were already reported. This study reports on rhythm, survival, quality-adjusted survival, stroke, medication and safety to 5 years.

RESULTS
Between 2009 and 2014, 352 patients were randomized. By 5 years 79 died, 58 withdrew, 34 were lost to follow-up and the remaining 182 provided data. AF surgery significantly increased the odds of remaining in SR at 5 years {odds ratio = 2.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23, 7.17], P = 0.015}. There was a non-significant decrease in stroke incidence [odds ratio = 0.605 (95% CI 0.284, 1.287), P = 0.19], but no improved survival [5-year survival: AF surgery 77.3% (95% CI 71.1%, 83.5%), controls 77.8% (95% CI 71.7%, 84.0%), P = 0.85]. Quality-adjusted survival difference was negligible (−0.03; 95% CI −0.33, 0.27, P = 0.85). The composite of survival free of stroke and AF was better in the AF surgery group [odds ratio = 2.34 (95% CI 1.03, 5.31)]. There were no other differences.

CONCLUSIONS
Adjunct AF surgery confers a higher rate of SR to 5 years and a better composite outcome of survival free of stroke and AF but has no impact on overall or quality-adjusted survival or other clinical outcomes.

Clinical trial registration number
ISRCTN82731440.
Improved methods to assess the effect of bacteria on germination of fungal spores
Authors: Estoppey Aislinn , Weisskopf Laure , Di Francesco Eva , Vallat-Michel Armelle , Bindschedler Saskia , Chain Patrick S , Junier Pilar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacterial-fungal interactions (BFI) play a major role on ecosystem functioning and might be particularly relevant at a specific development stage. For instance, in the case of biological control of fungal pathogens by bacteria, a highly relevant kind of BFI, in-vitro experiments often assess the impact of a bacterium on the inhibition of actively growing mycelia. However, this fails to consider other stages of plant infection such as the germination of a spore or a sclerotium. This study aims to present novel experimental platforms for in-vitro experiments with fungal spores, in order to assess the effect of bacteria on germination and fungal growth control, to recover the metabolites produced in the interaction, and to enhance direct visualisation of BFI. Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus producing oxalic acid (OA) as pathogenicity factor, was used as model. Given that oxalotrophic bacteria have been shown previously to control the growth of B. cinerea, the oxalotrophic bacteria Cupriavidus necator and Cupriavidus oxalaticus were used as models. The experiments performed demonstrated the suitability of the methods and confirmed that both bacteria were able to control the growth of B. cinerea, but only in media in which soluble OA was detected by the fungus. The methods presented here can be easily performed in any microbiology laboratory and are not only applicable to screen for potential biocontrol agents, but also to better understand BFI.
Globally Relaxed Selection and Local Adaptation inBoechera stricta
Authors: Liang Yi-Ye , Chen Xue-Yan , Zhou Biao-Feng , Mitchell-Olds Thomas , Wang Baosheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe strength of selection varies among populations and across the genome, but the determinants of efficacy of selection remain unclear. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing data from 467 Boechera stricta accessions to quantify the strength of selection and characterize the pattern of local adaptation. We found low genetic diversity on 0-fold degenerate sites and conserved non-coding sites, indicating functional constraints on these regions. The estimated distribution of fitness effects and the proportion of fixed substitutions suggest relaxed negative and positive selection in B. stricta. Among the four population groups, the NOR and WES groups have smaller effective population size (Ne), higher proportions of effectively neutral sites, and lower rates of adaptive evolution compared with UTA and COL groups, reflecting the effect of Ne on the efficacy of natural selection. We also found weaker selection on GC-biased sites compared with GC-conservative (unbiased) sites, suggested that GC-biased gene conversion has affected the strength of selection in B. stricta. We found mixed evidence for the role of the recombination rate on the efficacy of selection. The positive and negative selection was stronger in high-recombination regions compared with low-recombination regions in COL but not in other groups. By scanning the genome, we found different subsets of selected genes suggesting differential adaptation among B. stricta groups. These results show that differences in effective population size, nucleotide composition, and recombination rate are important determinants of the efficacy of selection. This study enriches our understanding of the roles of natural selection and local adaptation in shaping genomic variation.
Re-examination of stock–recruitment relationships: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yingxi , Yamakawa Takashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEstimating stock–recruitment (S–R) relationships is a fundamental challenge in fisheries management. However, there is little consensus among fishery scientists on whether a significant quantitative relationship exists between spawning stock biomass (SSB) and recruitment, and whether an optimal model is available to represent this S–R relationship. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between SSB and ln-transformed recruitment per spawning stock (RPS) using data from 92 stocks worldwide by applying four conventional S–R models (the Beverton–Holt, Ricker, Deriso–Schnute, and Pella–Tomlinson models). We also examined the residuals from standard model (SM) and measurement error model (MEM) regressions, which consider only the error in the y-variable and that in both the x- and y-variables, respectively, by integrating them after standardization. We showed that 90.2% of the stocks had significant negative correlations (i.e. density effects) between SSB and ln(RPS). The Pella–Tomlinson S–RPS model exhibited the most stable and high performance in both SM and MEM regressions. Our results suggest the Pella–Tomlinson S–RPS model as the most probable candidate to assess the dynamics of several stocks.
The Australian pharmacist workforce: distribution and predictors of practising outside of metropolitan and regional areas in 2019
Authors: Obamiro Kehinde , Barnett Tony , Inyang Imo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study describes the distribution of the Australian pharmacists’ workforce using a range of indicators and identifies predictors of practising outside of metropolitan and regional areas.

Methods
A cross-sectional description of the 2019 pharmacy workforce. Pharmacists who completed the 2019 workforce survey as reported in the Australian National Health Workforce Dataset (NHWDS). The main outcome measures were the number of pharmacists per 100 000, the proportion working less than 35 h a week, the proportion with primary qualification from overseas (outside of Australia and New Zealand) and the proportion aged 65 years or older. Additionally, predictors of practising outside of metropolitan and regional areas were also identified.

Key findings
Nationally, there were 102 pharmacists/100 000 with one-third working less than 35 h a week. About 10% of pharmacists obtained their primary qualification from overseas and 4% were 65 years old or older. Males were more likely to practise outside of metropolitan and regional areas [OR, 1.40 (1.30–1.50); P &lt; 0.001], while younger people were less likely to practise outside of these locations [OR, 0.71 (0.66–0.76); P &lt; 0.001]. Those who had obtained their primary qualification overseas were also more likely to practise outside of metropolitan and regional areas.

Conclusions
Analysis of the 2019 NHWDS suggests an uneven distribution of the pharmacist workforce. Also, three predictors of practising outside of major cities and regional centres were identified.
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: is it a clinically relevant phenomenon?
Authors: Svensson Craig K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The potential for the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) provokes debate about whether long-term treatment with opioids is advisable and effective. If OIH develops during acute administration, will continuation of opioids actually make the pain worse? Hence, it is not surprising that OIH is part of the rationale used to promote deprescribing opioids in patients with chronic pain. But is there evidence that OIH is a clinically relevant phenomenon? This Commentary examines the evidence for OIH in randomized clinical trials in both the acute and chronic settings. Of critical importance in such an assessment is a trial design capable of differentiating OIH, tolerance, withdrawal-mediated pain sensitivity and worsening of the disease. However, studies published to date that purport to give evidence of OIH via experimentally induced pain all lack the rigour needed to differentiate these phenomena. Patient-reported measures of pain and analgesic consumption in these trials are not consistent with the presence of clinically significant OIH. At present, there is insufficient evidence from well-designed clinical trials that OIH is a clinically relevant phenomenon. Hence, while there are other reasons to avoid long-term use of opioids, the potential for the development of hyperalgesia during chronic opioid treatment is not a sound rationale for deprescribing these drugs in patients with chronic pain.
The Flex Divisor of a K3 Surface
Authors: Alexeev Valery , Engel Philip 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The flex divisor$R_{\textrm flex}$ of a primitively polarized K3 surface $(X,L)$ is, generically, the set of all points $x\in X$ for which there exists a pencil $V\subset |L|$ whose base locus is $\{x\}$. We show that if $L^2=2d$ then $R_{\textrm flex}\in |n_dL|$ with $$ \begin{align*} &n_d= \frac{(2d)!(2d+1)!}{d!^2(d+1)!^2} =(2d+1)C(d)^2,\end{align*}$$where $C(d)$ is the Catalan number. We also show that there is a well-defined notion of flex divisor over the whole moduli space $F_{2d}$ of polarized K3 surfaces.
Branched SL(r, ℂ)-Opers
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Dumitrescu Sorin , Heller Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Branched projective structures were introduced by Mandelbaum [22, 23], and opers were introduced by Beilinson and Drinfeld [2, 3]. We define the branched analog of ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-opers and investigate their properties. For the usual ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle is actually determined uniquely up to tensoring with a holomorphic line bundle of order $r$. For the branched ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle depends more intricately on the oper. While the holomorphic connection for a branched ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-oper is nonsingular, given a branched ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-oper, we associate to it a certain holomorphic vector bundle equipped with a logarithmic connection. This holomorphic vector bundle in question supporting a logarithmic connection does not depend on the branched oper. We characterize the branched ${\textrm SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$-opers in terms of the logarithmic connections on this fixed holomorphic vector bundle.
Formal re-establishment of Macrocheiridae Dana, 1851 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea) for the giant spider crabMacrocheira kaempferi(Temminck, 1836) based on a reappraisal of morphological and genetic characters
Authors: Guinot Danièle , Davie Peter J F , Tsang Ling Ming , Ng Peter K L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Japanese spider crab, Macrocheira kaempferi (Temminck, 1836), the largest living arthropod in the world, was originally placed in the family Majidae Samouelle, 1819 as a monotypic subfamily, Macrocheirinae Dana, 1851. While various authors have treated the taxon as belonging to its own superfamily, family, subfamily, or even tribe, the consensus of modern taxonomic system has for the most part considered it to be simply a genus within Inachidae MacLeay, 1838 (superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819). Strangely, however, considering its size and fame, its adult morphology has remained poorly studied. Recent larval and genetic studies have raised questions regarding its suprageneric status, suggesting an independent evolutionary position within Majoidea and the recognition of a separate family. We examined and compared a large suite of adult characters in Macrocheira De Haan, 1839 against other potentially related majoid groups, and found unique characters that support the larval evidence for monophyly of the genus. It is thus necessary to re-establish a monotypic Macrocheiridae for Macrocheira. A molecular phylogeny reconstructed from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene is presented in further support of this conclusion, showing Macrocheira as sister to Oregoniidae Garth, 1958 and distant from Inachidae. A new diagnosis for the family is provided. Macrocheiridae differs from the morphologically most similar families, Inachidae and Oregoniidae, by characters associated with the carapace, thoracic sternum, male pleon, gonopod, and vulvae.
Concomitant intestinal malrotation and Crohn’s disease: a rare and surgically challenging anomaly
Authors: Silverman Jacob , Salwen Benjamin , Goren Idan , White Ian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation occurring anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal malrotation is an embryological error resulting in an abnormal gut anatomy. Although these two conditions rarely present concurrently, it is important to identify their presence, which is challenging due to their nonspecific, overlapping symptoms. Here, we present two patients with concomitant CD and intestinal malrotation. Both patients’ conditions required surgical intervention, which was complicated due to their unique anatomy. Clinicians should be aware of the potential pit-falls that may occur due to the anomaly and thus require a full understanding of the anatomy.
A map of Digital Humanities research across bibliographic data sources
Authors: Spinaci Gianmarco , Colavizza Giovanni , Peroni Silvio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents the results of an experiment we performed to measure the coverage of Digital Humanities (DH) publications in mainstream open and proprietary bibliographic data sources, by further highlighting the relations among DH and other disciplines. We created a list of DH journals based on manual curation and bibliometric data. We used that list to identify DH publications in the bibliographic data sources under consideration. We used the ERIH-PLUS list of journals to identify Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) publications. We analysed the citation links they included to understand the relationship between DH publications and SSH and non-SSH fields. Crossref emerges as the database containing the highest number of DH publications. Citations from and to DH publications show strong connections between DH and research in Computer Science, Linguistics, Psychology, and Pedagogical & Educational Research. Computer Science is responsible for a large part of incoming and outgoing citations to and from DH research, which suggests a reciprocal interest between the two disciplines. This is the first bibliometric study of DH research involving several bibliographic data sources, including open and proprietary databases. The list of DH journals we created might be only partially representative of broader DH research. In addition, some DH publications could have been cut off from the study since we did not consider books and other publications published in proceedings of DH conferences and workshops. Finally, we used a specific time coverage (2000–2018) that could have prevented the inclusion of additional DH publications.
Frontiers in zeolites: towards establishing a new discipline of condensed matter chemistry—an interview with Ruren Xu
Authors: Yan Wenfu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, the application of zeolite has been extended to many sustainable processes. Professor Ruren Xu (徐如人) of Jilin University is a leader within Chinese, Asian and worldwide zeolite communities, as well as the founder of the inorganic synthesis discipline in China and the first person in the world to propose the scientific discipline of modern inorganic synthetic chemistry. Professor Xu started his scholarly research on zeolites in the mid-1970s. He focused initially on crystallization and mechanisms of zeolite formation. In the 1980s, he gradually shifted his research to the exploration of microporous materials with novel frameworks and compositions. In 1984, he outlined new directions in the synthesis of zeolites and placed emphasis on the ‘heteroatom concept’, which turned out to be very influential and fruitful for the subsequent development of heteroatom-containing zeolite catalysts. In the following years, he and his group systematically developed new solvothermal routes for zeolite synthesis. In the late 1990s, Xu started to think about the rational synthesis of zeolites, a major challenge for zeolite as well as inorganic synthesis in general. His group developed several effective strategies for the rational design and synthesis of zeolitic materials. He is the chairman of the 15th International Zeolite Conference (15th IZC) held in 2007 for the first time in China. Because of his significant contribution to zeolite science in China, he received the National Zeolite Lifetime Achievement Award of China in 2017.
NSR recently interviewed Professor Xu about the current status and future prospects of zeolites and related porous materials. This interview is dedicated to Professor Xu on his 90th birthday, in recognition of his seminal contribution to zeolite science, modern inorganic synthetic chemistry and the new discipline of condensed matter chemistry, which was first suggested by Professor Xu in 2018.