bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifespan developmental changes in neural substrates and functional connectivity for visual semantic processing
Authors: Jia Fanlu , Liu Chun Yin , Tan Li Hai , Siok Wai Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman learning and cognitive functions change with age and experience, with late-developed complex cognitive functions, particularly those served by the prefrontal cortex, showing more age-dependent variance. Reading as a complex process of constructing meaning from print uses the left prefrontal cortex and may show a similar aging pattern. In this study, we delineated the lifespan developmental changes in the neural substrates and functional connectivity for visual semantic processing from childhood (age 6) to late adulthood (age 74). Different from previous studies that reported aging as a form of activation or neuronal changes, we examined additionally how the functional connectivity networks changed with age. A cohort of 122 Chinese participants performed semantic and font-size judgment tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although a common left-lateralized neural system including the left mid-inferior prefrontal cortex was recruited across all participants, the effect of age, or reading experience, is evident as 2 contrastive developmental patterns: a declining trend in activation strength and extent and an increasing trend in functional connections of the network. This study suggests that visual semantic processing is not prone to cognitive decline, and that continuous reading until old age helps strengthen the functional connections of reading-related brain regions.
Left ventricular assessment with artificial intelligence increases the diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography
Authors: O’Driscoll Jamie M , Hawkes William , Beqiri Arian , Mumith Angela , Parker Andrew , Upton Ross , McCourt Annabelle , Woodward William , Dockerill Cameron , Sabharwal Nikant , Kardos Attila , Augustine Daniel X , Balkhausen Katrin , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Firoozan Soroosh , Marciniak Anna , Heitner Stephen , Yadava Mrinal , Kaul Sanjiv , Sarwar Rizwan , Sharma Rajan , Woodward Gary , Leeson Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate whether left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), automatically calculated by artificial intelligence (AI), increases the diagnostic performance of stress echocardiography (SE) for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection.

Methods and results
SEs from 512 participants who underwent a clinically indicated SE (with or without contrast) for the evaluation of CAD from seven hospitals in the UK and US were studied. Visual wall motion scoring (WMS) was performed to identify inducible ischaemia. In addition, SE images at rest and stress underwent AI contouring for automated calculation of AI-LVEF and AI-GLS (apical two and four chamber images only) with Ultromics EchoGo Core 1.0. Receiver operator characteristic curves and multivariable risk models were used to assess accuracy for identification of participants subsequently found to have CAD on angiography. Participants with significant CAD were more likely to have abnormal WMS, AI-LVEF, and AI-GLS values at rest and stress (all P &lt; 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristics for WMS index, AI-LVEF, and AI-GLS at peak stress were 0.92, 0.86, and 0.82, respectively, with cut-offs of 1.12, 64%, and −17.2%, respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that addition of peak AI-LVEF or peak AI-GLS to WMS significantly improved model discrimination of CAD [C-statistic (bootstrapping 2.5th, 97.5th percentile)] from 0.78 (0.69–0.87) to 0.83 (0.74–0.91) or 0.84 (0.75–0.92), respectively.

Conclusion
AI calculation of LVEF and GLS by contouring of contrast-enhanced and unenhanced SEs at rest and stress is feasible and independently improves the identification of obstructive CAD beyond conventional WMSI.
The search for optimal antithrombotic therapy in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: facts and uncertainties
Authors: ten Berg Jurrien , Rocca Bianca , Angiolillo Dominick J , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure, which is used frequently in patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis. Most patients undergoing TAVI are over 80 years of age with a high bleeding as well as thrombotic risk. Despite the increasing safety of the procedure, thromboembolic events [stroke, (subclinical) valve thrombosis] remain prevalent. As a consequence, antithrombotic prophylaxis is routinely used and only recently new data on the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic drugs has become available. On the other hand, these antithrombotic drugs increase bleeding in a population with unique aortic stenosis-related bleeding characteristics (such as acquired von Willebrand factor defect and angiodysplasia). In this review, we discuss the impact of thromboembolic and bleeding events, the current optimal antithrombotic therapy based on registries and recent randomized controlled trials, as well as try to give a practical guide how to treat these high-risk patients. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps and future research needed to fill these gaps.
Self-Reported Visual Difficulty and Daily Activity Limitations: The Moderating Role of Neighborhood Characteristics
Authors: Qin Weidi , Clarke Philippa J , Ehrlich Joshua R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Understanding how neighborhood-level factors moderate the relationship between visual health and activity limitations could inform strategies for successful aging in place among older adults with sensory impairments. Guided by a vision loss impact framework, this study aims to examine whether neighborhood social cohesion and physical disorder moderate the association between visual difficulty and activity limitation.

Research Design and Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted using data from Round 5 of the National Health and Aging Trend Study. A 4-level indicator was used to indicate the visual difficulty. Neighborhood social cohesion and physical disorder were each measured using a 3-item scale. Summary scores were created for daily activity limitations. Ordinary least squares regressions were performed to test the study hypotheses. The complex survey design factors were applied. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations.

Results
Older adults reporting any type of visual difficulty experienced more limitations in self-care tasks, household activities, and mobility than those without visual difficulty. Neighborhood physical disorder moderated visual difficulty and activity limitations. Specifically, visual difficulty was associated with higher risk of activity limitations among participants perceiving physical disorder in the neighborhood compared to those perceiving no physical disorder.

Discussion and Implications
The study findings suggest that the vision loss impact framework provides an integrative approach to identify the health needs of older adults with visual difficulty. Future research is needed to further understand the role of neighborhood in independent living among older adults with visual difficulty and to inform community-level interventions.
Did physical activity and associated barriers change during COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland? Repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Barrett Emer M , Wyse Jason , Forde Cuisle 
Published: September 2022

Summary
This repeated cross-sectional study investigated physical activity and associated barriers and facilitators during the first two waves of COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland. An online, anonymous questionnaire collated data from adults during May (n = 1274) and November (n = 810) 2020. Statistical analysis used a combination of traditional significance testing and Bayesian lasso logistic regression. The pattern of physical activity changed significantly between waves (χ2 86.8 on 3df; p &lt; 0.001). During wave 1 restrictions, the majority [46.1% (n = 587)] of participants reported being more active than usual, decreasing to 26.3% (n = 213) during wave 2. More participants reported that their activity levels were less than usual [W1 29% (n = 369); W2 35% (n = 283)] during wave 2. Adherence to physical activity guidelines decreased from 56.5% (n = 705) to 43.7% (n = 35). Being unable to access their usual means of exercise [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.611 (1.370–1.904), W2 1.638 (1.3731.968)] and advice not to leave home [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.401 (1.164–1.697), W2 1.367 (1.106–1.696)] predicted less activity than usual during both waves. Increased time [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 2.326 (1.948–2.794), W2 1.809 (1.478–2.233)], and valuing physical activity as important [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.192 (1.001–1.444), W2 1.253 (1.003–1.637)] predicted increased activity during both waves, whilst finding new ways to be active [OR, 95% OR intervals; 2.515 (1.641–3.887)] predicted more activity in wave 2 only. Increases in physical activity of Irish adults during the first phase of COVID-19 restrictions were not maintained during the second wave and barriers to physical activity persisted.
Somatic loss of the Y chromosome is associated with arsenic exposure among Bangladeshi men
Authors: Demanelis Kathryn , Delgado Dayana A , Tong Lin , Jasmine Farzana , Ahmed Alauddin , Islam Tariqul , Parvez Faruque , Kibriya Muhammad G , Graziano Joseph H , Ahsan Habibul , Pierce Brandon L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Arsenic exposure increases the risk of several cancers in humans and contributes to genomic instability. Somatic loss of the Y chromosome (LoY) is a potential biomarker of genomic instability and cancer risk. Smoking is associated with LoY, but few other carcinogens have been investigated. We tested the cross-sectional association between arsenic exposure and LoY in leukocytes among genotyped Bangladeshi men (age 20–70 years) from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study.

Methods
We extracted the median of logR-ratios from probes on the Y chromosome (mLRR-chrY) from genotyping arrays (n = 1364) and estimated the percentage of cells with LoY (% LoY) from mLRR-chrY. We evaluated the association between arsenic exposure (measured in drinking water and urine) and LoY using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. The association between LoY and incident arsenic-induced skin lesions was also examined.

Results
Ten percent of genotyped men had LoY in at least 5% of cells and % LoY increased with age. Among men randomly selected for genotyping (n = 778), higher arsenic in drinking water, arsenic consumed and urinary arsenic were associated with increased % LoY (P = 0.006, P = 0.06 and P = 0.13, respectively). LoY was associated with increased risk of incident skin lesions (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Arsenic exposure was associated with increased LoY, providing additional evidence that arsenic contributes to genomic instability. LoY was associated with developing skin lesions, a risk factor for cancer, suggesting that LoY may be a biomarker of susceptibility in arsenic-exposed populations. The effect of arsenic on somatic events should be further explored in cancer-prone tissue types.
Ethics in a Quantum World
Authors: Voelkner Nadine , Zanotti Laura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This forum invites a reflection on how we may understand ethics in global studies in light of the growing debate on thinking through quantum for the social sciences and humanities more broadly. Quantum principles such as entanglement and indeterminism challenge the notions of individuality and subjectivity and the validity of universal principles as sufficient guidelines for agency, all notions that constitute the foundations of modern deontological ethics. Science is not a separate sphere of society. Its concepts migrate across “disciplines” and end up constituting languages, accepted methodologies, and worldviews. The contributors to this special issue investigate how the shift from a Newtonian metaphysics to a quantum metaphysics may offer conceptual tools for transforming our understanding of causality, self and otherness, the human and the nonhuman, and how we may consequently live together in the world and act ethically in it.
A Parasitoid Puzzle: Phylogenomics, Total-evidence Dating, and the Role of Gondwanan Vicariance in the Diversification of Labeninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Santos Bernardo F , Sandoval Marissa , Spasojevic Tamara , Giannotta Madalene M , Brady Seán G 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiogeographic patterns in the Southern Hemisphere have largely been attributed to vicariant processes, but recent studies have challenged some of the classic examples of this paradigm. The parasitoid wasp subfamily Labeninae has been hypothesized to have a Gondwanan origin, but the lack of divergence dating analysis and the discovery of a putative labenine fossil in Europe pose a challenge to that idea. Here we used a combination of phylogenomics, divergence dating and event-based biogeographical inference to test whether Gondwanan vicariance may explain the distribution patterns of Labeninae. Data from genomic ultraconserved elements were used to infer the phylogeny of Labeninae with 54 species from 9 genera and a broad selection of 99 outgroup taxa. Total-evidence divergence dating places the origin of Labeninae at around 146 mya, which is consistent with a Gondwanan origin but predates the full separation of Africa and South America. The results suggest a path for biotic exchange between South America and Australia potentially through Antarctica, until at least 49 million years ago. Total-evidence analysis places the fossil Trigonator macrocheirus Spasojevic et al. firmly inside crown-group Labeninae, suggesting that labenine distribution range at some point during the Eocene surpassed the boundaries of Gondwanaland. Biogeographic inference also indicates that North American groups represent more recent range expansions that nonetheless occurred before the formation of the Isthmus of Panama land bridge. These conclusions point to a more complex scenario than previously expected for Labeninae biogeography.
WhatsApp with Diplomatic Practices in Geneva? Diplomats, Digital Technologies, and Adaptation in Practice
Authors: Cornut Jeremie , Manor Ilan , Blumenthal Corinne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diplomats in embassies and permanent representations are increasingly using the messaging application WhatsApp to communicate with their peers. They use WhatsApp groups to coordinate initiatives at multilateral forums, communicate more rapidly with headquarters and stay in touch with organizational developments at home, as well as form more personal working relations among their peers. To make sense of this phenomenon, our analysis looks at adaptation in practice. Instead of separating digital practices from offline/traditional ways of doing things, we build on the practice turn in International Relations and develop a nuanced framework in which improvising agents in a transformed context adapt to new realities while continuously being influenced by past ways of doing things—a phenomenon called “hysteresis” by practice turners. We analyze how traditional practices are supplemented by new technologies (complementarities) as well as how offline and online relationships are shaped by similar practical logics (similarities). We apply these micro-lenses to understand multilateral diplomacy at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva. Building on twenty-three interviews with practitioners, we find that WhatsApp redefines the meaning of face-to-face interactions among ambassadors and permanent representatives and makes physical meetings between diplomats more—rather than less—important.
Life history and ecology of the Greenbrier Crayfish Cambarus smilax Loughman, Simon & Welsh, 2011 (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Hughes Paul W , Hughes Charlie L , Graham Zackary A , Dillard Zachary W , Jones Thomas G , Loughman Zachary J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We studied the life history and ecology of the Greenbrier Crayfish, Cambarus smilax (Loughman, Simon & Welsh, 2011) in Thorny Creek and the West Fork of the Greenbrier River, West Virginia from August 2010 to July 2011. We gathered data on morphology, reproductive status, habitat preference, and the prevalence of claw regeneration for each monthly sampling event. We collected Form I males every single month at Thorny Creek location, and every single month besides December at West Fork Greenbrier location. Females exhibited active glair glands during May to July, with oviposition in June to August. Fecundity ranged from 71 to 179, with an average of 121 eggs per female. Cambarus smilax preferred different microhabitats at each of our two study sites. It was primarily collected in run microhabitats at Thorny Creed, but primarily collected at West Fork Greenbrier within pool microhabitats, potentially due to competitive displacement from C. chasmodactylus (James, 1966). Our study provides the first information regarding the life history of C. smilax and sheds light on the ecological implications of competition between locations with different crayfish communities.
Room for Females Only? Exploring Strongly Female-Biased Sex Ratios in Ingolfiella (Crustacea: Peracarida: Ingolfiellida) in Relation to Ecological Condition
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Vonk Ronald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While in most species the adult sex ratio is around 1:1, it can be strongly skewed in some species; some of this can be explained by ecological conditions and limits to dispersal. We hypothesize that stronger isolation imposed by ecological conditions leads to more pronounced female-biased sex ratios in the groundwater peracarid genus Ingolfiella Hansen, 1903. About 75% of all adults are female, and female-biased sex ratios are present in 30/42 of species for which individuals have been sexed. Sex ratios were not correlated with sexual size dimorphism. The adult sex ratio varied little between species found in different habitats (caves, beach sand, and seabed) thus not supporting our hypothesis that ecological conditions shape adult sex ratios. It appears that sediment structure in most habitats restrict ingolfiellids in their movement. Limited dispersal abilities and small mating assemblages may favour strongly female-biased sex ratios.
Iterative self-transfer learning: A general methodology for response time-history prediction based on small dataset
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Lu Xinzheng , Fei Yifan , Huang Yuli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are numerous advantages of deep neural network surrogate modeling for response time-history prediction. However, due to the high cost of refined numerical simulations and actual experiments, the lack of data has become an unavoidable bottleneck in practical applications. An iterative self-transfer learning method for training neural networks based on small datasets is proposed in this study. A new mapping-based transfer learning network, named as deep adaptation network with three branches for regression (DAN-TR), is proposed. A general iterative network training strategy is developed by coupling DAN-TR and the pseudo-label strategy, and the establishment of corresponding datasets is also discussed. Finally, a complex component is selected as a case study. The results show that the proposed method can improve the model performance by near an order of magnitude on small datasets without the need of external labeled samples, well behaved pre-trained models, additional artificial labeling, and complex physical/mathematical analysis.
Optimal tool path generation and cutter geometry design for five-axis CNC flank milling of spiral bevel gears
Authors: Chu Chih-Hsing , Zhou Yuansheng , Liu En-Meng , Tang Jinyuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Computer numerical control milling provides greater flexibility and universality for machining complex gears compared to dedicated gear manufacturing. A critical challenge in popularizing the use of five-axis flank milling to spiral bevel gears is to achieve acceptable machining accuracy that ensures the meshing performance of the finished gears. Previous studies, which used approaches such as gear design modification, using multiple tool paths, and end milling, failed to resolve this issue. Thus, this paper proposes a computational scheme to improve the machining accuracy of five-axis flank milling of spiral bevel gears by optimizing the tool path and cutter geometry. The scheme minimizes the geometric deviations between the machined surface and original design using heuristics and optimization algorithms. A simplified tooth contact analysis method was developed to quantitatively evaluate the contact path of the meshing gears. The simulation results of real gears show that the proposed scheme outperforms previous methods in reducing machining errors and further enhance the meshing performance by optimizing the design of form cutters. This work developed an effective approach for flexible and low-cost manufacturing of complex gears.
Bioindustrial manufacturing readiness levels (BioMRLs) as a shared framework for measuring and communicating the maturity of bioproduct manufacturing processes
Authors: Smanski Michael J , Aristidou Aristos , Carruth Ryan , Erickson John , Gordon Mark , Kedia Sandeep B , Lee Kelvin H , Prather Darcy , Schiel John E , Schultheisz Heather , Treynor Thomas P , Evans Steven L , Friedman Douglas C , Tomczak Melanie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Readiness level (RL) frameworks such as technology readiness levels and manufacturing readiness levels describe the status of a technology/manufacturing process on its journey from initial conception to commercial deployment. More importantly, they provide a roadmap to guide technology development and scale-up from a ‘‘totality of system’’ approach. Commercialization risks associated with too narrowly focused R&D efforts are mitigated. RLs are defined abstractly so that they can apply to diverse industries and technology sectors. However, differences between technology sectors make necessary the definition of sector specific RL frameworks. Here, we describe bioindustrial manufacturing readiness levels (BioMRLs), a classification system specific to bioindustrial manufacturing. BioMRLs will give program managers, investors, scientists, and engineers a shared vocabulary for prioritizing goals and assessing risks in the development and commercialization of a bioindustrial manufacturing process.
Evaluation of Body Size Indicators for Morphological Analyses in Two Sister Species of Genus Dorcus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)
Authors: Ohtsu Itsuki , Chikami Yasuhiko , Umino Taichi , Gotoh Hiroki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between trait and body size, i.e., the scaling relationship or static allometry, is an essential concept for investigating trait size. However, usage of an inappropriate body size indicator can lead to misinterpretation of morphology. In this study, we examined several possible body size indicators in two closely related stag beetle species, Dorcus rectus and Dorcus amamianus. We raised animals in captivity and used pupal weight as a measure of true, or overall body size, and then evaluated six adult morphological traits to test whether these traits could be reliably used as body size indicators in static scaling relationship comparisons. We analyzed two comparisons, between sexes in same species and between species in same sex. We showed that the most appropriate body size indicators differ depending on the comparisons. Our results indicated that the scaling relationship of focal traits could be over- or under-estimated depending on which body size indicators are used.