bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many cameras make light work: opportunistic photographs of rare species in iNaturalist complement structured surveys of reef fish to better understand species richness
Authors: Roberts Christopher J. , Vergés Adriana , Callaghan Corey T. , Poore Alistair G. B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCitizen science is on the rise, with growing numbers of initiatives, participants and increasing interest from the broader scientific community. iNaturalist is an example of a successful citizen science platform that enables users to opportunistically capture and share biodiversity observations. Understanding how data from such opportunistic citizen science platforms compare with and complement data from structured surveys will improve their use in future biodiversity research. We compared the opportunistic fish photographs from iNaturalist to those obtained from structured surveys at eight study reefs in Sydney, Australia over twelve years. iNaturalist recorded 1.2 to 5.5 times more fish species than structured surveys resulting in significantly greater annual species richness at half of the reefs, with the remainder showing no significant difference. iNaturalist likely recorded more species due to having simple methods, which allowed for broad participation with substantially more iNaturalist observation events (e.g., dives) than structured surveys over the same period. These results demonstrate the value of opportunistic citizen science platforms for documenting fish species richness, particularly where access and use of the marine environment is common and communities have the time and resources for expensive recreational activities (i.e., underwater photography). The datasets also recorded different species composition with iNaturalist recording many rare, less abundant, or cryptic species while the structured surveys captured many common and abundant species. These results suggest that integrating data from both opportunistic and structured data sources is likely to have the best outcome for future biodiversity monitoring and conservation activities.
Climate change-related changes in cephalopod biodiversity on the North East Atlantic Shelf
Authors: Oesterwind Daniel , Barrett Christopher J. , Sell Anne F. , Núñez-Riboni Ismael , Kloppmann Matthias , Piatkowski Uwe , Wieland Kai , Laptikhovsky Vladimir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal studies imply that cephalopods have benefited from climate change. However, in most areas, species-specific long-term cephalopod data sets do not exist to support this implication and to analyse the response of cephalopods to environmental changes. Our results illustrate that historical studies, in combination with recent data sets, can fill this gap, enabling descriptions of ecological changes over a long time. We show substantial changes in the cephalopod biodiversity of the North Sea at species level over the past 100 years. Some species, which seemed to migrate into the North Sea only for spawning or foraging in the nineteenth century, occur permanently in the North Sea nowadays. This applies, for example, to the loliginids Loligo forbesii and Alloteuthis subulata. The ommastrephids Todaropsis eblanae and Illex coindetii, now constantly present as well, had been described only as accidental migrants 100 years ago.
Seasonal and interannual variation in high-latitude estuarine fish community structure along a glacial to non-glacial watershed gradient in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Beaudreau Anne H. , Bergstrom Carolyn A. , Whitney Emily J. , Duncan Douglas H. , Lundstrom Nina C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract Along the Gulf ofAlaska, rapid glacier retreat has driven changes in transport of freshwater, sediments, and nutrients to estuary habitats. Over the coming decades, deglaciation will lead to a temporary increase, followed by a long-term decline of glacial influence on estuaries. Therefore, quantifying the current variability in estuarine fish community structure in regions predicted to be most affected by glacier loss is necessary to anticipate future impacts. We analyzed fish community data collected monthly (April through September) over 7 years (2013–2019) from glacially influenced estuaries along the southeastern Gulf of Alaska. River delta sites within estuaries were sampled along a natural gradient of glacial to non-glacial watersheds to characterize variation in fish communities exposed to varying degrees of glacial influence. Differences in seasonal patterns of taxa richness and abundance between the most and least glacially influenced sites suggest that hydrological drivers influence the structure of delta fish communities. The most glacially influenced sites had lower richness but higher abundance overall compared to those with least glacial influence; however, differences among sites were small compared to differences across months. Two dominant species—Pacific staghorn sculpin and starry flounder—contributed most to spatial and temporal variation in community composition; however, given only small interannual differences in richness and abundance over the period of the study, we conclude that year-to-year variation at these sites is relatively low at present. Our study provides an important benchmark against which to compare shifts in fish communities as watersheds and downstream estuaries continue to transform in the coming decades.
Who Opts Out? The Customisation of Marriage in the German Matrimonial Property Regime
Authors: Nutz Theresa , Nelles Anika , Lersch Philipp M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence of marital contracts across marriage cohorts (1990–2019) in Germany. We further investigate the characteristics of spouses who signed a marital contract. Using cross-sectional data from the German Family Panel (pairfam, 2018/19), we employ complementary log–log and multinomial logistic regression models to predict the prevalence and the type of marital contracts. The results show that 5% of all married couples opt out of the default matrimonial property regime by signing a contract in Germany. Differentiating between contract types, most couples either specify a separation of property (40%) or modify the default community of accrued gains (31%). We find an increase in the prevalence of marital contracts across marriage cohorts. The decision to opt out of the default is strongly positively associated with self-employment that often requires the customisation of asset ownership structures within marriage. Married individuals with prior divorce experiences are more likely to opt for the separation of property, indicating that the awareness of the economic consequences of divorce promotes the individualisation of marriage. Our results are in line with the cross-national trend towards customised marriages, although the trend in Germany is less pronounced than in other countries.
Revealing good deeds: disclosure of social responsibility in competitive markets
Authors: Harrs Sören , Rockenbach Bettina , Wenner Lukas M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe experimentally study competitive markets with socially responsible production. Our main focus is on the producers’ decision whether or not to reveal the degree of social responsibility of their product. Compared to two benchmark cases where either full transparency is enforced or no disclosure is possible, we show that voluntary and costless disclosure comes close to the full transparency benchmark. However, when the informational content of disclosure is imperfect, social responsibility in the market is significantly lower than under full transparency. Our results highlight an important role for transparent and standardized information about social externalities.
Finding fixed-length circuits and cycles in undirected edge-weighted graphs: an application with street networks
Authors: Lewis R. , Corcoran P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes two heuristic algorithms for finding fixed-length circuits and cycles in undirected edge-weighted graphs. It focusses particularly on a largely unresearched practical application where we are seeking attractive round trips for pedestrians and joggers in urban street networks. Our first method is based on identifying suitable pairs of paths that are combined to form a solution; our second is based on local search techniques. Both algorithms display high levels of accuracy, producing solutions within just a few meters of the target. Run times for the local search algorithm are also short, with solutions in large cities often being found in less than one second.
Exploring the Influence of Object Similarity and Desirability on Children’s Ownership Identification and Preferences in Autism and Typical Development
Authors: Hartley Calum , Bird Laura-Ashleigh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated how ownership identification accuracy and object preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are influenced by visual distinctiveness and relative desirability. Unlike typically developing (TD) children matched on receptive language (M age equivalents: 58.8–59.9 months), children with ASD had difficulty identifying another person’s property when object discriminability was low and identifying their own relatively undesirable objects. Children with ASD identified novel objects designated to them with no greater accuracy than objects designated to others, and associating objects with the self did not bias their preferences. We propose that, due to differences in development of the psychological self, ownership does not increase the attentional or preferential salience of objects for children with ASD.
Mutations in RNU7-1 Weaken Secondary RNA Structure, Induce MCP-1 and CXCL10 in CSF, and Result in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome with Severe End-Organ Involvement
Authors: Naesens Leslie , Nemegeer Josephine , Roelens Filip , Vallaeys Lore , Meuwissen Marije , Janssens Katrien , Verloo Patrick , Ogunjimi Benson , Hemelsoet Dimitri ,   Program for Undiagnosed Rare Diseases (UD-PrOZA), Callens Steven , Dermaut Bart , Terryn Wim , Schuermans Nika , Poppe Bruce , Hoste Levi , Roels Lisa , De Bruyne Marieke , De Baere Elfride , Van Dorpe Jo , Dendooven Amélie , Sieben Anne , Rice Gillian I. , Kerre Tessa , Beyaert Rudi , Uggenti Carolina , Crow Yanick J. , Tavernier Simon J. , Maelfait Jonathan , Haerynck Filomeen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a type I interferonopathy usually characterized by early-onset neurologic regression. Biallelic mutations in LSM11 and RNU7-1, components of the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex, have been identified in a limited number of genetically unexplained AGS cases. Impairment of U7 snRNP function results in misprocessing of replication-dependent histone (RDH) pre-mRNA and disturbance of histone occupancy of nuclear DNA, ultimately driving cGAS-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) release.

Objective
We performed a clinical, genetic, and immunological workup of 3 unrelated patients with uncharacterized AGS.

Methods
Whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted Sanger sequencing of RNU7-1 were performed. Primary fibroblasts were used for mechanistic studies. IFN-I signature and STAT1/2 phosphorylation were assessed in peripheral blood. Cytokines were profiled on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Histopathology was examined on brain and kidney tissue.

Results
Sequencing revealed compound heterozygous RNU7-1 mutations, resulting in impaired RDH pre-mRNA processing. The 3′ stem-loop mutations reduced stability of the secondary U7 snRNA structure. A discrete IFN-I signature in peripheral blood was paralleled by MCP-1 (CCL2) and CXCL10 upregulation in CSF. Histopathological analysis of the kidney showed thrombotic microangiopathy. We observed dysregulated STAT phosphorylation upon cytokine stimulation. Clinical overview of all reported patients with RNU7-1-related disease revealed high mortality and high incidence of organ involvement compared to other AGS genotypes.

Conclusions
Targeted RNU7-1 sequencing is recommended in genetically unexplained AGS cases. CSF cytokine profiling represents an additional diagnostic tool to identify aberrant IFN-I signaling. Clinical follow-up of RNU7-1-mutated patients should include screening for severe end-organ involvement including liver disease and nephropathy.
Planning for potential: efficient safe reinforcement learning
Authors: den Hengst Floris , François-Lavet Vincent , Hoogendoorn Mark , van Harmelen Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown remarkable success in artificial domains and in some real-world applications. However, substantial challenges remain such as learning efficiently under safety constraints. Adherence to safety constraints is a hard requirement in many high-impact application domains such as healthcare and finance. These constraints are preferably represented symbolically to ensure clear semantics at a suitable level of abstraction. Existing approaches to safe DRL assume that being unsafe leads to low rewards. We show that this is a special case of symbolically constrained RL and analyze a generic setting in which total reward and being safe may or may not be correlated. We analyze the impact of symbolic constraints and identify a connection between expected future reward and distance towards a goal in an automaton representation of the constraints. We use this connection in an algorithm for learning complex behaviors safely and efficiently. This algorithm relies on symbolic reasoning over safety constraints to improve the efficiency of a subsymbolic learner with a symbolically obtained measure of progress. We measure sample efficiency on a grid world and a conversational product recommender with real-world constraints. The so-called Planning for Potential algorithm converges quickly and significantly outperforms all baselines. Specifically, we find that symbolic reasoning is necessary for safety during and after learning and can be effectively used to guide a neural learner towards promising areas of the solution space. We conclude that RL can be applied both safely and efficiently when combined with symbolic reasoning.
Sylvie, or the End of Romanticism
Authors: Solé Roger Navas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article attempts to explain the special place that Sylvie occupies in both Nerval’s œuvre and the general context of nineteenth-century French prose. The structure of the nouvelle is examined through a close reading of two key motifs: vines intertwined with roses, and flowing water. The different iterations of these motifs are interpreted as expressing the impossibility of recovering the symbolical and sentimental values that the author-narrator cherished in the past. This structure is identified as one of the factors that allowed Sylvie to be well received in neoclassical circles. It is suggested that this construction is also what caused Proust’s fascination with, and scepticism towards, the nouvelle. The article concludes that Sylvie should be considered a unique text which opens the way for a new type of writing, whilst also closing it down. The nouvelle’s referential logic is different from that of Romantic, neoclassical or realist works. Indeed, the reason why it cannot be taken as a model is that it presents the reader with a particular kind of réel, which is inseparable from the crisis of Romanticism.
Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training Ameliorates Motoneuronal Hyperexcitability by Increasing GAD-65/67 and KCC2 Expression via TrkB Signaling in Rats with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Xiangzhe , Song Xinjian , Fang Lu , Ding Jie , Qi Longju , Wang Qinghua , Dong Chuanming , Wang Sheng , Wu Jiahuan , Wang Tong , Wu Qinfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpasticity is a typical consequence after spinal cord injury (SCI). The critical reasons are reducing the synthesis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), glycine and potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) inside the distal spinal cord. The current work aimed to test whether exercise training could increase the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD-65/67, the key enzymes in GABA synthesis) and KCC2 in the distal spinal cord via tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to the following five groups: Sham, SCI/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), SCI-treadmill training (TT)/PBS, SCI/TrkB-IgG, and SCI-TT/TrkB-IgG. After that, the model of T10 contusion SCI was used, then TrkB-IgG was used to prevent TrkB activity at 7 days post-SCI. Body weight-supported treadmill training started on the 8th day post-SCI for four weeks. The Hmax/Mmax ratio and the rate-dependent depression of H-reflex were used to assess the excitability of spinal motoneuronal networks. Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry techniques were utilized for measuring the expression of GAD-65, GAD-67, and KCC2. The findings revealed that exercise training could reduce motoneuronal excitability and boost GAD-65, GAD-67, and KCC2 production in the distal region of the spinal cord after SCI. The effects of exercise training were decreased after the TrkB signaling was inhibited. The present exploration demonstrated that exercise training increases GAD-65, GAD-67, and KCC2 expression in the spinal cord via TrkB signaling and that this method could also improve rats with motoneuronal hyperexcitability and spasticity induced by incomplete SCI.
Human capital effects on fundraising for necessity- and opportunity-based entrepreneurs
Authors: Naiki Eriko , Ogane Yuta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of human capital on fundraising problems for necessity- and opportunity-based entrepreneurs by using a survey of 3974 new firms in Japan. The major findings of this paper are as follows. First, necessity-based entrepreneurs are more likely to have fundraising problems than opportunity-based entrepreneurs. Second, industry-specific experience contributes to solving fundraising problems for both necessity- and opportunity-based entrepreneurs. Third, necessity-based entrepreneurs with industry-specific experience are less likely to have fundraising problems than opportunity-based entrepreneurs without such experience.
Reach for the stars: disentangling quantity and quality of inventors’ productivity in a multifaceted latent variable model
Authors: Caviggioli Federico , Forthmann Boris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStar inventors generate superior innovation outcomes. Their capacity to invent high-quality patents might be decisive beyond mere productivity. However, the relationship between quantitative and qualitative dimensions has not been exhaustively investigated. The equal odds baseline (EOB) framework can explicitly model this relationship. This work combines a theoretical model for creative production with recent calls in the patentometrics literature for multifaceted measurement of the ability to create high-quality patents. The EOB is extended and analyzed through structural equation modeling. Specifically, we compared a multifaceted EOB model with a single latent variable for quality, and a two-dimensional model that distinguishes between technological complexity and value of invention portfolios. The two-dimensional model had better fit but weaker factor scores (for the “value” latent variable) than the unidimensional model. These findings suggest that both the uni- and the two-dimensional approaches can be directly used for extending research on star inventors, while for practical high-stakes assessments the two-dimensional model would require further improvements.
Accounting for Oneself in Teaching: Trust, Parrhesia, and Bad Faith
Authors: Brady Alison M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to reconceptualise the basis for trusting teachers in current educational discourses. It proposes moving away from trust based on ‘absolute accuracy’ to trust as encapsulated in the practice of parrhesia. On the surface, parrhesia appears to be the opposite of Sartre’s concept of ‘bad faith’. Paradoxically, however, our attempts to be sincere in our accounts are inevitably tainted by this. This paradox is especially evident in autobiographical writing, an activity that is both parrhesiastic in nature and susceptible to bad faith. This does not mean that we should abandon trust in these ways of accounting for oneself, however. Rather, parrhesiastic practices in autobiographical writing can offer a different understanding of how we account for ourselves and our practices, one that does not pertain to a narrow definition of truth as accuracy, but instead leads to a form of self-criticism where one situates oneself in relation to the ‘truth’ of their accounts in new ways. Towards the end of the paper, I explore three ‘parrhesiastic techniques’ and their relationship to accounting for oneself as a teacher, to reimagine these techniques from technicist to existential ways of relating to our practices.
Permeable Asphalt Hydraulic Conductivity and Particulate Matter Separation With XRT
Authors: Marchioni Mariana , Fedele Roberto , Raimondi Anita , Sansalone John , Becciu Gianfranco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPermeable asphalt (PA) is a composite material with an open graded mix design that provides a pore structure facilitating stormwater infiltration. PA is often constructed as a wearing course for permeable pavements and on impervious pavements to reduce aquaplaning and noise. The pore structure of PA functions as a filter promoting particulate matter (PM) separation. The infiltrating flow characteristics are predominately dependent on pore diameter and pore interconnectivity. X-Ray microTomography (XRT) has successfully estimated these parameters that are otherwise difficult to obtain through conventional gravimetric methods. Pore structure parameters allow modeling of hydraulic conductivity (k) and filtration mechanisms; required to examine the material behavior for infiltration and PM separation. In this study, pore structure parameters were determined through XTR for three PA mixture designs. Additionally, the Kozeny-Kovàv model was implemented to estimate k. PM separation was evaluated using a pore-to-PM diameter categorical model. This filtration mechanism model was validated with data from a rainfall simulator. The filtration model provided a good correlation between measured and modeled data. The identification of filtration mechanisms and k facilitate the design and evaluation of permeable pavement systems as a best management practice (BMP) for runoff volume and peak flow as well as PM and PM-partitioned chemical separation.
Developing a robust and sensitive analytical method to detect off-flavor compounds in fish
Authors: Lindholm-Lehto Petra Camilla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), off-flavors that accumulate in fish muscle tissue can be problematic in terms of consumer acceptance and the reputation of farmed fish products. Although off-flavors are not toxic at low concentrations, they often give fish muscle earthy, muddy, or other unwanted flavors. Traditionally, muddy off-flavors caused by geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) have been detected, but a variety of other compounds and flavors have also been identified. In this study, a method based on solid phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy was developed to identify and quantify 14 off-flavor–inducing compounds in RAS–farmed fish. The selected off-flavors were quantified in circulating water and in fish from a pilot-scale RAS rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The method showed high accuracy and precision with limits of detection and quantification at a low ng L−1 level. In this study, 13 compounds were found in the fish muscle which decreased in concentrations during the 15-day depuration period. This study showed that off-flavors in fish can also be induced by other compounds besides GSM and MIB. This emphasizes the need for sufficient off-flavor control in the RAS, but also the importance of an accurate and reliable analytical quantitation method.