bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of first-line immunotherapy efficacy between advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma and pulmonary lymphoepithelioma- like carcinoma: A propensity score matching multicenter study
Authors: Zhou YuBin , Xiao Yi , Lan Jun , Hu Hao , Yuan Zihao , Dong Yinyan , Deng Huiyin , Su Xiaoyang , Huang Jian , Yang Xiongwen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compared with other lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC), pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (pLELC) is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus infections with a unique molecular profile and immune microenvironment. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare the treatment response and effectiveness of immunotherapy between pLELC and LUSC. We enrolled 31 patients with pLELC and 116 with LUSC receiving first-line immunotherapy at three centers in China and compared the treatment response and effectiveness of immunotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the differences in baseline data between the two groups. Before PSM, progression free survival and overall survival was longer in the pLELC group than that of the LUSC group (Progression free survival: HR, 1.67; 95% CI: 1.05–2.63, P=0.028. Overall survival: HR, 1.9; 95% CI: 1.06–3.4, P=0.028). This remained unchanged after PSM (Progression free survival: HR,1.79; 95% CI: 1.02–3.15, P=0.044. Overall survival: HR,2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.37, P=0.022). In conclusion, pLELC showed a clinically meaningful survival benefit compared with traditional LUSC following immunotherapy. Subsequent studies should consider the role of the Epstein–Barr virus in the tumor immune microenvironment of pLELC.
Bio-Composite Materials of Porous Hydroxyapatite and Collagen from Eggshell Membrane and Oreochromis niloticus Fish Skin as Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ingwattanapok Nutchaya , Sakunrak Yosita , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by a chemical reaction between eggshell and phosphoric acid mixed with a foaming agent. The mineral was composited with collagen via a fermentation process conducted with biocomposite materials of Acetobacter xylinum eggshell membranes, extraction and freeze-drying of Oreochromis niloticus, and commercial-grade collagen. Results of physical-mechanical-thermal properties of the biocomposite materials yielded them as potential candidates for tissue engineering or scaffolding, drug delivery through the body, as well as tissue regeneration. An ideal sample was discovered as HA and collagen encoded with 64HA-1NaHCO3-500 in collagen suspension, prepared from the extraction of eggshell membrane by A. xylinum, together with extraction and freeze-drying of O. niloticus. The received compressive strength of 64HA-1NaHCO3-500 in eggshell and fish skin collagen was 1.30 ± 0.02 and 1.71 ± 0.02 MPa, respectively. Both biocomposite samples served as positive thermal shock resistance absorbers with significantly strong SEM adhesion microstructures of collagen fibers within the porous HA matrices.
Assessing the potential of solubility trapping in unconfined aquifers for subsurface carbon storage
Authors: Addassi Mouadh , Omar Abdirizak , Hoteit Hussein , Afifi Abdulkader M. , Arkadakskiy Serguey , Ahmed Zeyad T. , Kunnummal Noushad , Gislason Sigurdur R. , Oelkers Eric H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon capture and storage projects need to be greatly accelerated to attenuate the rate and degree of global warming. Due to the large volume of carbon that will need to be stored to address this issue, it is likely that the bulk of this storage will be in the subsurface via geologic storage. To be effective, subsurface carbon storage needs to limit the potential for CO2 leakage from the reservoir to a minimum. Water-dissolved CO2 injection can aid in this goal. Water-dissolved CO2 tends to be denser than CO2-free water, and its injection leads immediate solubility storage in the subsurface. To assess the feasibility and limits of water-dissolved CO2 injection coupled to subsurface solubility, a suite of geochemical modeling calculations based on the TOUGHREACT computer code were performed. The modelled system used in the calculations assumed the injection of 100,000 metric tons of water-dissolved CO2 annually for 100 years into a hydrostatically pressured unreactive porous rock, located at 800 to 2000 m below the surface without the presence of a caprock. This system is representative of an unconfined sedimentary aquifer. Most selected scenarios suggest that the injection of CO2 charged water leads to the secure storage of injected CO2 so long as the water to CO2 ratio is no less than ~24 to 1. The identified exception is when the salinity of the original formation water substantially exceeds the salinity of the CO2-charged injection water. The results of this study indicate that unconfined aquifers, a generally overlooked potential carbon storage host, could provide for the subsurface storage of substantial quantities of CO2.
Comparing the demographics and laboratory biomarkers of the COVID-19 Omicron wave and the Alpha wave in a predominantly Afro-Caribbean patient population in New York City
Authors: Shin Hye Won , James Alecia , Feng Theresa , Chow Lillian , Foronjy Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a knowledge gap of specific characteristics linked to disease severity of the different COVID-19 waves, especially in underserved populations. We compared the demographic and clinical factors associated with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the Omicron and Alpha waves.
Methods
An observational study comparing two COVID-19 waves was conducted in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven ICU admitted patients with a positive COVID-19 test result during the period of November 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022, (“Omicron wave”) were compared to 271 COVID-19 patients who received ICU consults during the Alpha wave, the period from March 28, 2020, to April 30, 2020.
Results
The Omicron wave had a 55.6% mortality rate compared to a 67.2% mortality rate in the Alpha wave. For the non-survivors, there were more females (66.7%) in the Omicron wave, while the trend was reversed in the Alpha wave (38.5%). Most of the patients seen were Black (> 85%) in both waves. Comparison of the two waves’ lab findings showed that the survivors in the Omicron wave had significantly lower ALT levels (p = < 0.001), neutrophil % (p = 0.001), and platelets (p = 0.02) as well as a higher lymphocyte % (p = < 0.001) and eosinophil % (p = 0.06) compared to the survivors in the Alpha wave.
Conclusions
The COVID-19-positive ICU patients in the Omicron wave experienced less severe outcomes than those of the Alpha wave. In complete contrast to the Alpha variant, the Omicron variant exhibited enhanced infectivity and disease severity in females.
Fake Reviews Detection through Machine learning Algorithms: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ennaouri Mohammed , Zellou Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
These days, most people refer to user reviews to purchase an online product. Unfortunately, spammers exploited this situation to post deceptive reviews and mislead consumers either to promote a product with poor quality or to demote a brand and damage its reputation. Among the solutions to this problem is human verification. Unfortunately, the real-time nature of fake reviews make the task more difficult especially on e-commerce platforms. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to analyze proposed solutions by researchers who were working on setting up an automatic and efficient framework to identify fake reviews, unsolved problems in the domain and future research direction. Our findings emphasize the importance of the use of certain features and provide researchers and practitioners with insights on proposed solutions and their limitations. Thus, the findings of the study reveals that most approaches focus on sentiment analysis, opinion mining and especially machine learning (ML) which contributes to the development of more powerful models that can significantly solve the problem and thus enhance further the accuracy and efficiency of detecting fake reviews.
Histology and Ultrastructure of Olfactory and Nasal Respiratory Mucosae in Suckling and Adult African Grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus- Temminck, 1827)
Authors: Kavoi Boniface M. , Ochieng Shem J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Glasscutters (GRCs) are hystricognath rodents that predominate West African countries where they are captured and bred in captivity as “microlivestock” and for research. Consequently, research priority has, of late, shifted to aspects of GRC biology particularly with regard to morphofunctional aspects of its body systems. The olfactory system plays critical roles in regulating social, sexual, maternal and feeding behaviors. This study examines, histologically and ultrastructurally, the pattern and magnitude of remodeling of the GRC olfactory mucosa (OM) and nasal respiratory mucosa (NRM) between suckling and adult ages and compares these with what is documented for other mammals. In the adults, tubular-type Bowman’s glands, olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axon bundles and blood vessels were uniformly distributed in the OM lamina propria contrary to sucklings where acinar-type Bowman’s glands lay superficially and the bundles relatively deeper. Apically in the adult NRM epithelium, ciliated and non-ciliated cells were uniformly distributed contrary to the sucklings where linearly arranged ciliated cell separated large numbers of non-ciliated cells. Quantitatively between the suckling and adult ages, respective increment values (%) were 28.2, 23.0, 28.1 and 52.9 for OM epithelial thickness, axon bundle diameter, ORN packing density and cilia number/ ORN dendritic knob. Age-related increment in volume density (%) was 53.9, 31.6, 19.4 and 46.3 for Bowman’s glands, axon bundles, OM vessels and NRM glands respectively. We conclude that microstructural refinement of the OM and NRM varies in qualitative and quantitative detail depending on age and species and that phenotypic plasticity in these structures suggests environmentally driven morphology.
UTP23 is a promising prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Li Jindong , Xie Siman , Zhang Benteng , He Weiping , Zhang Yan , Hua Huilian , Yang Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high incidence and mortality rate among women worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing year by year, posing a serious health risk to women. UTP23 (UTP23 Small Subunit Processome Component) is a nucleolar protein that is essential for ribosome production. As we all know, disruption of ribosome structure and function results in improper protein function, affecting the body's normal physiological processes and promoting cancer growth. However, little research has shown a connection between UTP23 and cancer.
Methods: We analyzed the mRNA expression of UTP23 in normal tissue and breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the protein expression of UTP23 using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Next, we examined the relationship between UTP23 high expression and Overall Survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier Plotters and enriched 980 differentially expressed genes in UTP23 high and low expression samples using GO/KEGG and GSEA to identify potential biological functions of UTP23 and signaling pathways that it might influence. Finally, we also investigated the relationship between UTP23 and immune infiltration and examined the effect of UTP23 on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines by knocking down UTP23.
Results:We found that UTP23 levels in breast cancer patient samples were noticeably greater than those in healthy individuals and that high UTP23 levels were strongly linked with poor prognoses (P=0.008). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that UTP23 expression was connected to the humoral immune response. Besides, UTP23 expression was found to be positively correlated with immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, UTP23 knockdown has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1806.
Conclusions: Taken together, our study demonstrated that UTP23 is a promising target in detecting and treating breast cancer and is intimately linked to immune infiltration.
Exploring the impact of how criminals interact with cyber-networks - a mathematical modeling approach
Authors: Chikore Tichaona , Nyirenda-Kayuni Mwawi , Chukwudum Queensley C. , Chazuka Zviiteyi , Mwaonanji John , Ndlovu Meshach , Zhangazha Moster , Mhlabane Fezile , Osman Shaibu , Nyabadza Farai , White K.A.Jane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a growing interest in using mathematical models to understand crime dynamics, crime prevention, and detection. The past decade has experienced a relative reduction in conventional crimes, but this has been replaced by significant increases in cybercrime. We use a system of nonlinear differential equations to explore the impact of criminal location in relation to cyber networks on the amount of cybercrime. Using steady-state analysis and extensive numerical simulations, we find that the location of criminals relative to the network does not impact the system qualitatively although there are quantitative differences. Cyber networks that are more clustered are likely to experience greater levels of cybercrime but there is also a saturation effect that limits the level of victimisation as the number of criminals attempting to undertake crimes on a given network increases.
Removal of arsenic from zinc oxide leaching solution by oxygen combined with ultrasonic
Authors: Liang Chen , Zhang Qi , Xia Hongying , Xu Yingjie , Jiang Guiyu , Zhang Libo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the oxidation method combined with the iron salt precipitation method was used to remove the arsenic impurities in the zinc oxide fume leaching solution after germanium precipitation. First, the Fe2+ and As5+ in the solution are oxidized by oxygen with a specified flow rate into the solution, and then the calcination fume is added to adjust the pH value of the solution with Zn compounds such as ZnO, so that the impurity elements in the solution are precipitated. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, roasting soot input, oxygen flow rate and ultrasonic power on the arsenic removal rate were investigated in the experiment. The experimental results show that under the conditions of reaction time of 120min, reaction temperature of 70℃, roasting soot input of 7g, ultrasonic power of 240W and oxygen flow of 0.8L/min, the removal rate of arsenic can reach 92.77% by two-stage arsenic removal. , the loss rate of zinc is only 2.54%, and the amount of dry slag after removal is 5-7g. Compared with the iron salt precipitation method in the traditional industry, it has the advantages of less slag, less zinc loss, no harmful by-products, etc., and the main raw materials used oxygen and roasting dust are cheap products, which can save costs. The arsenic content in the finally obtained filtrate can reach 0.125g/L, and less than 0.2g/L can meet the requirements of the subsequent electrolysis process, and can be used for practical industrial production applications.
Subtype classification and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on variable importance analysis
Authors: Gao Qian , Hao Ting , Zhang Huifang , Chen Shuting , Xi Yanfeng , Guan Hongwei , Wang Tong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Gene expression profiling (GEP) is considered as gold standard for cell-of-origin (COO) classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the high dimensionality of GEP limits its application in clinical practice. In this study, we aim to develop a parsimonious model based on GEP to accurately predict COO subtype of DLBCL for clinical applications. We first proposed a variable important measure to solve the instability of penalized regression methods in high-dimensional settings. Then this strategy was applied to six penalized methods to identify a small gene subset for DLBCL classification. Using a training dataset of 350 DLBCL patients, we developed a six-gene model for DLBCL classification. For training and validation datasets, model evaluations showed the six-gene model performed well in terms of discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness. Subgroups of patients characterized by these six genes showed significantly different prognosis. Furthermore, model comparisons demonstrated that the six-gene model outperformed models constructed by typical penalized regression methods. In conclusion, the six genes had considerable clinical usefulness in DLBCL classification and prognosis. The genes order based on their importance provided a priority for further functional and targeted drug research.
Epidemiologia do câncer de próstata no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos
Authors: Gomes do Nascimento Eduarda , Filgueiras de Carvalho Gabriel Augusto , Paiva da Costa Jardim Gabriela , Lopes Dias Juliana , Serpa de Figueiredo Junior Hélcio 
Published: September 2022

O câncer de próstata é o que mais acomete homens no país, principalmente idosos com mais de 65 anos. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a perspectiva do câncer de próstata no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos, tendo como foco relacionar dados relevantes como número de internações, faixa etária e taxa de mortalidade com a bibliografia coletada. Para isso, foi realizada uma coleta observacional, descritiva e transversal de dados do DATASUS - Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) do Ministério da Saúde. Como resultado, o número de internações foi de 282.736, com taxa de mortalidade de 9,15 e maior acometimento a partir dos 50 anos e na etnia branca. A partir disso, foi constatado que os números da doença estão aumentando a cada ano, associado a alta taxa de mortalidade. Por esse motivo, é necessário realizar estudos epidemiológicos aprofundados e conscientizar a população a respeito da doença, a fim de possibilitar um melhor controle dela no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Câncer de Próstata; Neoplasia Maligna da Próstata; Epidemiologia.
Tratamento não farmacológico na síndrome de abstinência alcoólica: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Moras Vicentino Vitória Maria , Barroso Werneck Márcia 
Published: September 2022

A síndrome de abstinência alcoólica é caracterizada por sinais e sintomas após abstinência ou diminuição do consumo crônico do álcool. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar fatores que podem interferir antes, durante e após , na eficácia do tratamento não farmacológico da abstinência alcoólica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que utilizou os seguintes descritores: treatment, alcoholic abstinence e symptoms. Foram selecionados, após critérios de inclusão e exclusão nos últimos 5 anos (2016 a 2021), 26 artigos das bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Os fatores que influenciaram antes no tratamento da abstinência alcoólica foram o paciente possuir uma personalidade dotada de autocontrole, rastreamento sobre o abuso de álcool e explorar a trajetória anterior ao tratamento. Entre os fatores que influenciam durante e após o início da abstinência alcoólica estão a inclusão de novas tecnologias, utilização de terapia psicológica e comportamental, além da individualização das metas de consumo. O rastreamento para uso abusivo de álcool deve ser realizado na atenção primária para encontrar casos de alcoolismo iniciais. A instituição de alvos individualizados de consumo diminui as recidivas. A utilização de terapias aumenta o autocontrole e as expectativas do paciente. Por fim, a utilização de internet aproxima o dependente da equipe de saúde e facilita o acompanhamento. Logo, para abordagem efetiva da abstinência alcoólica, o sistema de saúde deve possuir sistema de rastreamento para o consumo abusivo do álcool, inserir terapia psicológica e comportamental no tratamento, calcular meta de consumo personalizada e possuir abordagem que utilize novas tecnologias envolvendo a internet.
Barreiras ao Acesso do Rastreamento e Detecção Precoce da Neoplasia de Colo de Útero
Authors: Alves Leite da Luz Oliveira Gabriela , Moreira Penedo Mariana , Hybner Gonçalves Matheus , Anderi Stephanie , Aparecido Caetano Oswaldo 
Published: September 2022

Resumo
O câncer de colo de útero (CCU) tem evolução lenta, com alta taxa de letalidade, porém tem alto potencial de prevenção e cura. O exame utilizado em seu rastreamento é o Papanicolau. Junto à infecção ao Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV), existem fatores de risco que aumentam a possibilidade do CCU. Desse modo, programas que incentivem o rastreamento podem diminuir a incidência e mortalidade desta neoplasia. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as barreiras para o acesso ao rastreamento e diagnostico precoce do câncer de colo de útero. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com levantamento bibiográfico nos bancos de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com a utilização dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, além dos filtros, em que ao final da pesquisa foram encontrados 20 artigos. Após a análise dos artigos foi observado que as principais barreiras para o rastreamento e detecção precoce foram a falta de informação e conhecimento, medo de realizar o exame e e encontrar um resultado positivo, falta de acesso, sendo este de transporte ou localização e financeiro. Desse modo, pode-se observar que grande parte das mulheres não fazem o rastreamento, comprovando que as barreiras analisadas impedem que haja uma detecção precoce do CCU, precisando que haja um bom atendimento humanizado, com privacidade, horários acessiveis e informações corretas. Portanto, com as barreiras identificadas é possivel colocar em práticas medidas que diminuem elas e possam elevar a cobertura de rastreamento, sendo possível assim aumentar a sobrevida das pacientes.
Immunometabolism Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Hashemi Nader , Moadab Fatemeh , Didehdar Mojtaba , Farahani Rahim , Khorramdelazad Hossein , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Johnston Thomas P. , Karami Jafar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and joint damage. Systemic complications and progressive disability are burdens that lead to a significant socio-economic costs in patients with RA. Current RA biomarkers used in predicting, diagnosing, and monitoring the treatment of the disease have not been very successful. Moreover, only 60% of patients show a satisfactory response to current biological and conventional therapies. Studies on immunometabolism have suggested that dysregulated enzymes, transcription factors, metabolites, and metabolic pathways could be considered potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA. Factors such as the high concentration of various intermediate molecules arising from metabolism, hypoxia, lack of nutrients, and other metabolic alterations affect local immune responses and preserve a state of chronic inflammation in synovial tissues. Fortunately, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that targeting specific metabolic pathways is associated with a decreased level of inflammation. Specifically, targeting metabolic intermediates, such as succinate or lactate, has shown promising clinical outcomes in RA treatment. These findings open an avenue for the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and determining the success of various treatments in RA patients, as well as the discovery of new therapeutic targets.