bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sick Leave Due to Stress, What are the Costs for Dutch Employers?
Authors: Wolvetang Sjors , van Dongen Johanna Maria , Speklé Erwin , Coenen Pieter , Schaafsma Frederieke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose Stress-related illnesses are prevalent in Western society, causing sick leave and putting a heavy economic burden on employers and society. For Dutch employers it is particularly relevant to have insight into the costs of absenteeism due to stress-related illness, as they are legally obligated to continue payment of wages. Therefore, this study assessed the duration and costs of an episode of sick leave due to stress-related illness for Dutch employers. Methods Data on sick leave due to various stress-related illnesses were obtained from a nationwide occupational health service database. Stress-related illnesses included tension complaints, burn-out, overexertion, and other reactions to stress. The duration per sick leave episode was estimated in working days, after which the average cost per sick leave period was estimated using age- and gender-specific price weights. Results During the study period, 16,676 employees took 17,338 episodes of sick leave due to stress-related illness. On average, one episode of sick leave lasted 101 working days, for which the costs for the employer were on average €19,151 per worker. Women were responsible for most episodes of sick leave and were on average 37 days more absent per episode compared to men. Moreover, of all kinds of stress-related illnesses, burn-out had the longest duration of sick leave with 313 calendar days and 163 working days, resulting in an average cost of €30,770. Conclusions Sick leave due to stress-related illness places a heavy burden on employers and thus society. Further research should be conducted on how to reduce this burden.
Educational supervision to support pharmacy professionals’ learning and practice of advanced roles
Authors: Styles Michelle , Middleton Helen , Schafheutle Ellen , Shaw Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPharmacy professionals are increasingly moving into advanced roles, including in primary care. In England, the publicly funded Pharmacy Integration Fund (PhIF) enabled employment and training of pharmacy professionals in new patient-facing roles, including general practice and care homes. In recognition of the need for support and supervision during work-based learning and building on established support structures in medicine and nursing, one of the providers of PhIF funded learning developed a supervision structure which mirrors arrangements for postgraduate medical specialty training. This paper describes what informed this supervision model, with a particular focus on educational supervision, its delivery, and the training which was developed to support supervisors. This supervision enabled pharmacy professionals moving into primary care to practise safely, manage workplace challenges, extend their roles and make progress with their education. This model illustrates the benefits of supervision in supporting post-registration learning to facilitate the development of advanced patient-facing clinical roles.
PARCSIM: a parallel computing simulator for scalable software optimization
Authors: Cámara Jesús , Cano José-Carlos , Cuenca Javier , Saura-Sánchez Mariano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPARCSIM is a parallel software simulator that allows a user to capture, through a graphical interface, matrix algorithm schemes that solve scientific problems. With this tool, the user can analyse the execution times that would be obtained by using different spatio-temporal mapping of computational tasks on available computational units, parallelism parameters and computational libraries. Furthermore, for complex problem models, the self-optimization engine incorporated in this tool analyses the huge tree of possible calculations grouping and mapping strategies in search of the choice that makes the best use of the available hardware resources. This tool also offers polyalgorithmic resolution by making automatically the best decision between different software approaches to solve a given problem on the hardware system available. This work shows the usefulness of this simulator to efficiently solve hierarchical problems constructed from previously modelled subproblems. This task is performed by reusing, in a scalable way, the optimization information of these subproblems to establish the best execution configuration for the composite problem.
Ameliorative effect of flavocoxid on cyclophosphamide-induced cardio and neurotoxicity via targeting the GM-CSF/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Elsayed Fatma F. , Elshenawy Waad M. , Khalifa Eman M. , Rizq Mohamed R. , Abdelaziz Rania R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (Cyclo) is a chemotherapeutic agent used as an immunosuppressant and as a treatment for many cancerous diseases. Many previous pieces of literature proved the marked cardio and neurotoxicity of the drug. Thus, this research provides evidence on the alleviative effect of flavocoxid on the cardiac and brain toxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice and determines its underlying mechanisms. Flavocoxid (Flavo) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX). Flavo was administered orally (20 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, followed by Cyclo (100 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 14. Higher heart and brain weight indices, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB), and nitric oxide (NO) were mitigated following Flavo administration. Flavo modulated oxidative stress biomarkers (malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β. Additionally, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), brain amyloid precursor protein (APP), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were decreased by Flavo administration. Moreover, Flavo ameliorated heart and brain histopathological changes and caspase-3 levels. Collectively, Flavo (20 mg/kg) for 14 days showed significant cardio and neuroprotective effects due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the GM-CSF/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Aspergillus awamori attenuates ochratoxin A-induced renal and cardiac injuries in rabbits by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and downregulating IL1β, TNFα, and iNOS gene expressions
Authors: Assar Doaa H. , Asa Samah Abou , El-Abasy Moshira A. , Elbialy Zizy I. , Shukry Mustafa , Latif Amera Abd El , BinMowyna Mona N. , Althobaiti Norah A. , El-Magd Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most dangerous and that pollute agricultural products, inducing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. The current study explored the protective effect of different concentrations ofAspergillus awamori(A.awamori) against OTA (0.3 mg/kg diet) induced renal and cardiac damage by exploring its mechanism of action in 60 New Zealand white male rabbits. Dietary supplementation ofA.awamoriat the selected doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively, for 2 months significantly improved the rabbit’s growth performance; modulated the suppressed immune response and restored the altered hematological parameters; reduced the elevated levels of renal injury biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase; and increased serum total proteins concentrations. Moreover, it also declined enzymatic activities of cardiac injury biomarkers, including AST, LDH, and CK-MB.A.awamorialleviated OTA-induced degenerative and necrotic changes in the kidney and heart of rabbits. Interestingly,A.awamoriupregulated Nrf2/OH-1 signaling pathway. Therefore enhanced TAC, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities and reduced OTA-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress by declining iNOS gene expression and consequently lowered MDA and NO levels. In addition to attenuating renal and cardiac inflammation via reducing IL-1β, TNF-α gene expressions in a dose-dependent response. In conclusion,this is the first report to pinpoint that dietary incorporation ofA.awamoricounteracted OTA-induced renal and cardiac damage by potentiating the rabbit’s antioxidant defense system through its potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in a dose-dependent response. Based on our observations,A.awamoricould be utilized as a natural protective agent against ochratoxicosis in rabbits.Graphical abstract
DEM studies on the effect of particle breakage on the critical state behaviours of granular soils under undrained shear conditions
Authors: Shi Danda , Cao Dong , Xue Jianfeng , Deng Yibing , Liang Yonghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA number of discrete element analyses of undrained triaxial shear tests on crushable assemblies are performed using 3-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D). The undrained shear of the samples is simulated by assigning different velocities at the boundaries to control the constant volume of the samples during the shear. Particle breakage is studied using the octahedral shear stress breakage criterion and the fragment spawning mode satisfying an Apollonian sphere packing. The microparameters of the soils are obtained by simulating the test results reported on a Nansha calcareous sand. The effects of particle breakage and drainage condition on the critical state behaviours of the sand are intensively examined. It is found that particle breakage and drainage condition do not affect the slope of the critical state p′−q line. In the ecs−(p′cs/pa)0.7 space, the critical state line translates downward and rotates clockwise when particle breakage is considered, whilst drainage condition does not affect the critical state line. The intrinsic macro–micro correlations underlying the critical state behaviours are explored by analysing the evolution of representative micromechanical indicators such as coordination number, redundancy ratio, and fabric and force anisotropies.
Online-Arbeitsmärkte im Spannungsfeld von Plattform und Community
Authors: Hertwig Markus , Papsdorf Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag widmet sich im Rahmen eines Systematic Literature Reviews sowie einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse der Untersuchung von Online-Arbeitsmärkten und der dort vermittelten Arbeit. Vor dem Hintergrund einer unübersichtlichen Literaturlage besteht das Ziel in der Analyse und Systematisierung der Besonderheiten von Plattformarbeit. Dafür werden 235 zwischen 2010 und 2020 erschienene thematisch relevante Publikationen daraufhin untersucht, (1) welche Disziplinen mit welchen Methoden in welchen Kontexten plattformbasierte Arbeit erforschen; (2) welche Dimensionen von Arbeit sie thematisieren; (3) welche Akteurinnen und Akteure und Institutionen Arbeit prägen; und (4) auf welche Art und Weise sie dies tun. Der Beitrag analysiert den Stand der Forschung zu den Einflussfaktoren plattformbasierter Arbeit und identifiziert Forschungsdesiderata. Zudem bietet er eine Heuristik an, die die oftmals kleinteiligen Forschungsergebnisse systematisiert und aufeinander bezieht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem Plattformen (als technische und organisatorische Systeme), Kundinnen und Kunden sowie die Community der Tätigen als neuartige Prägekräfte verschiedene Aspekte von Arbeit maßgeblich beeinflussen.
Jenseits der Disruption: Zum Lebenszyklus von Pioniergemeinschaften und ihrer Rolle beim Entstehen einer „digitalen Gesellschaft“
Authors: Hepp Andreas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm journalistischen Diskurs wird der Wandel von Gesellschaft hin zu einer „digitalen Gesellschaft“ immer wieder mit Konzepten der disruptiven Veränderung und der Rolle von Start-ups bei dieser gefasst. In Abgrenzung zu solchen verkürzenden Vorstellungen diskutiert der Beitrag die Rolle von Pioniergemeinschaften in Transformationsprozessen der tiefgreifenden Mediatisierung von Gesellschaft. Medienbezogene Pioniergemeinschaften, wie beispielsweise die Quantified-Self‑, Maker- oder Hacks/Hackers-Bewegung, zeichnen sich insbesondere durch ihre experimentellen Praktiken und Imaginationen einer Veränderbarkeit von Gesellschaft durch Medientechnologien aus. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Lebenszyklus von Pioniergemeinschaften, angefangen von ihrer Formierung aus dem Kontext weiterer sozialer Bewegungen und technologiebezogener Gemeinschaften, über ihre Hochphase mit einer großen medialen Aufmerksamkeit und dem Entstehen von Start-ups sowie Ausgründungen bis hin zu deren Ausklang, der immer wieder mit einer teilweisen Veralltäglichung ihres Experimentierens und ihrer Imaginationen einher geht. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass die Rolle von Pioniergemeinschaften in Prozessen tiefgreifender Mediatisierung insbesondere in ihrer Horizonterprobung besteht, also dem Ausloten möglicher Veränderungen, sowie in Prozessen der Übersetzung, worunter einerseits die Übersetzung von Ideen zwischen verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Domänen zu verstehen ist, andererseits die Übertragung des Experimentellen. Pioniergemeinschaften werden so als wichtige kollektive Akteure der tiefgreifenden Mediatisierung von Gesellschaft greifbar.
Sex differences at the platelet–vascular interface
Authors: Sabetta Annamaria , Lombardi Ludovica , Stefanini Lucia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlatelets are multifunctional cells that ensure the integrity of the vascular wall and modulate the immune response at the blood/vascular interface. Their pathological activation results in both thrombosis and inflammation and implicates them in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Vascular diseases are sexually dimorphic in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, outcome, and efficacy of anti-platelet therapy. We here provide an overview of what is known about the role of platelets in the initiation and progression of vascular diseases and summarize what is known about the sex differences in platelet reactivity and in the thromboinflammatory mechanisms that drive these diseases, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis, obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease, and ischemic stroke. Understanding the sex differences at the platelet–vascular interface is clinically relevant as it will enable: (1) to design new therapeutic strategies that prevent the detrimental effects of the immune-modulatory function of platelets taking sex into account, and (2) to evaluate if sex-specific anti-platelet drug regimens should be used to reduce the risk not only of thrombosis but also of vascular disease progression.
Automation software architectures in automated production systems: an industrial case study in the packaging machine industry
Authors: Neumann Eva-Maria , Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Fischer Juliane , Diehm Sebastian , Schwarz Michael , Englert Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0, advances in production engineering are driven by modern machines and equipment, whose evolution depends primarily on software nowadays. These machines are combined in automated Production Systems (aPS), whose software is characterized by high complexity, long lifetimes, and strong coupling of mechatronic disciplines. The development of modular, flexible software architectures that adapt to company- and process-specific boundary conditions is an essential prerequisite for companies to compete globally. While there are many approaches in computer science, a clear definition of control software architecture in aPS and systematic approaches to analyze company-specific software architectures and the underlying design decisions are still missing. This gap is addressed by defining control software architecture in aPS, including architectural views to address the heterogeneity of influencing factors on control software. To enable a systematic architecture analysis, templates are defined for visualizing design decisions to derive concrete recommendations to support practitioners in improving software. An in-depth interview study in three renowned companies from packaging machinery confirmed the benefit of the proposed architecture analysis to systematically identify optimization potentials and concrete starting points for the implementation.
Can dementia become the most prevalent disease at the time of death in Germany? Projections up to the year 2060 for the five most important diseases at the time of death
Authors: Doblhammer Gabriele , Fritze Thomas , Reinke Constantin , Fink Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData on the burden of disease in the last years of life are an important basis for health policy decisions and the allocation of health care resources. Since dementia is one of the most expensive diseases, we ask the question whether dementia will ever be the most common disease at the time of death in older people? While international cause-of-death statistics report the underlying cause of death, dementia patients generally die from complications or sequelae. Instead of using causes of death, we identified the five most prevalent disease categories at age 70 and older at the time of death using German health claims data from 2004 to 2007 and 2014–2017, and combined their prevalence rates with the estimated number of deaths at age 70 and older up to the year 2060. We developed two scenarios, first, to represent the impact of population aging and increasing life expectancy. Second, to additionally examine the impact of morbidity trends among those who died. We found that dementia was already the most prevalent disease at the time of death among German women aged 70 years and older in 2014–2017, while it was still in fifth place among German men. Population aging and increasing life expectancy will result in dementia ranking first among women and second among men if the morbidity profile at the time of death remains constant. Extrapolating the observed time trends into the projections, cancer will be the most prevalent disease at the time of death for both sexes. Dementia will be second for women, and third for men after IHD. In addition to projections of causes of death, we also need projections of diseases at the time of death to better prepare for the needs of people in their final stages of life.
Are gender roles associated with well-being indicators? The role of femininity, fear of negative evaluation, and regret in decision-making in a spanish sample
Authors: Villanueva-Moya Laura , Expósito Francisca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gender roles operate as a social schema through which people learn how they must behave and make decisions; that is, socially, what women and men are expected to do is pre-established. This gender socialization is such a deep-rooted process that people may not aware of how they have been socialized, which is thus often is difficult to analyze in people's discussions of their own decision-making. On this basis, this research examines whether endorsing gender roles could be related to women’s decisions (regret), as well as the possible consequences for their well-being. Moreover, we analyzed the content of the most important decisions that people make throughout their lives. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the meaning of gender and how its internalization seems to be related to sex differences in decision-making and well-being. In a sample of the Spanish general population (N = 203; Mage = 41.70, SD = 10.93; range from 20 to 65 years old), results showed that women (vs. men) had a greater internalization of gender roles (i.e., femininity), which was associated with higher fear of negative evaluation. This, in turn, was associated with experienced regret in decision-making, which finally seemed to lead to lower well-being. Analysis of the content of decisions showed that women’s decisions were based mainly on work and family domains, whereas men’s decisions were based on work to a greater extent.
Latex-Based Paper Devices with Super Solvent Resistance for On-the-Spot Detection of Metanil Yellow in Food Samples
Authors: Ray Rohitraj , Noronha Calvin , Prabhu Anusha , Mani Naresh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe following paper presents a construct for a paper-based device which utilizes latex as the hydrophobic material for the fabrication of its hydrophobic barrier, which was deposited onto the cellulose surface either by free-hand or stenciled drawing. This method demands the least amount of expertise and time from its use, enabling a simple and rapid fabrication experience. Several properties of the hydrophobic material were characterized, such as the hydro head and penetration rate, with the aim of assessing its robustness and stability. The presented hydrophobic barriers fabricated using this approach have a barrier width of 4 mm, a coating thickness of 208 µm, and a hydrophilic resolution of 446.5 µm. This fabrication modality boasts an excellent solvent resistance with regard to the hydrophobic barrier. These devices were employed for on-the-spot detection of Metanil Yellow, a banned food adulterant often used in curcumin and pigeon peas, within successful limits of detection (LOD) of 0.5% (w/w) and 0.25% (w/w), respectively. These results indicate the great potential this fabricated hydrophobic device has in numerous paper-based applications and other closely related domains, such as diagnostics and sensing, signalling its capacity to become commonplace in both industrial and domestic settings.
Vepris onanae (Rutaceae), a new Critically Endangered cloud-forest tree species, and the endemic plant species of Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, Bamenda Highlands Cameroon
Authors: Cheek Martin , Hatt Sebastian , Onana Jean Michel 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWe revise and update the records of strict and near-endemic species of the Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, the largest known surviving patch (c. 8 km2 in area) of submontane or cloud forest in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon which have lost >96 % of their original forest due to human activities. Nine strict endemics, and 11 near endemics are now documented, a drop from the number recorded after the first survey in 2004, since when five of the provisionally named species have been validly published. We test the hypothesis that a further one of the provisionally named putative Bali Ngemba new species, Vepris sp. A, an 8 – 20 m tall tree from cloud forest in the 1310 – 1700 m altitudinal band, is indeed new to science. We compare it morphologically with other multicarpellate, apocarpous, trifoliolate Cameroon tree species formerly placed in the genus Oricia Pierre until they were subsumed into Vepris by Mziray (1992). These are V. trifoliolata (Engl.) Mziray and V. gabonensis (Pierre) Mziray. We conclude that Vepris sp. A is a new undescribed species here named as Vepris onanae. The new species is illustrated, mapped and its conservation status assessed as Critically Endangered using the 2012 IUCN standard due to severe fragmentation and the threats of habitat clearance from agricultural pressures at its three locations all of which remain formally unprotected. Vepris onanae appears unique among the Guineo-Congolian African oricioid species of Vepris in that it occurs in cloud forest, the other species, apart from V. renieri (G.C.C.Gilbert) Mziray of the Albertine Rift, occurring in lowland forest. It also differs in the very broad, (7.8 –) 11.3 – 18 cm wide leaflets of the flowering stems which have a 6 – 18 (– 30) mm long, narrowly triangular acumen (vs leaflets <12 cm wide, acumen absent or short) and in having both subsessile and pedicellate (pedicels 0.25 – 0.3 mm long and 1 (– 2) mm long) male flowers (vs male flower pedicels all sessile, or all c. 3 mm long). We report for the first time on stage-dependent leaf heteromorphy in Vepris and characterise a level of sexual dimorphism more advanced than usual in the genus. We highlight the importance of protecting Bali Ngemba and other forest patches in the Bamenda Highlands if species such as Vepris onanae are not soon to become extinct.