bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Acupuncture as a Method of Open Space Regeneration in Greek Ex-Refugee Areas. The Case of Nikea, Piraeus
Authors: Tousi Evgenia , Sinou Maro , Perouli Antonia 
Published: June 2022

The paper explores the potential of implementing the principles of urban acupuncture in a selected Greek case study, taking into account international experience in the field. The research includes literature review and field work. The area of study is Nikea, an ex-refugee urban area in the Attica metropolitan region. It was founded during the 1930s to host refugees from Asia Minor. The initial Hippodamian grid offers beneficial intermediate communal spaces inside each city block and there are also larger green spaces in proximity. However, the area suffers from urban blight owed largely to the poor quality of preservation of the old refugee housing estates. A mixture of factors contributes to the complex contemporary situation characterized by opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, there is great potential for regenerating the existing intermediate communal spaces and on the other decaying refugee houses and vulnerable households intricate the already convoluted situation. The paper provides cartographic depiction and categorization of the existing open spaces highlighting also contemporary socio-spatial challenges and market driven limitations. The research describes the obstacles that hinder the activation of “urban sensitive points” in terms of urban acupuncture, also advocating for possible solutions. The paper opens dialogue on the Greek case study in terms of urban acupuncture with the view to suggest strategies to foster socio-spatial cohesion in degraded ex -refugee urban areas. This is a pilot case study with further application in other post-refugee urban areas in Greece that share common socio-spatial attributes. Thus, the topic of the paper may have a greater impact within the Greek urban context.
Avaliação do status de conservação de Collembola (Hexapoda, Arthropoda) no Brasil
Authors: Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da , Santos Daniele Bezerra dos 
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e discutir aspectos relacionados ao status de conservação da classe Collembola, com ênfase na ordem Entomobryomorpha. Verificou-se que as ordens Entomobryomorpha (n=144), e Poduromorpha (n=110) são as mais representativas com relação ao número de espécies avaliadas, seguidas de Symphypleona (n=54), e Neelipleona (n=02). No que diz respeito a Entomobryomorpha, estão listadas um total de 312 espécies. Essas foram maiormente avaliadas nas categorias da International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), respectivamente, em Pouco Preocupante – LC (n=139), Dados Insuficientes – DD (n=09), Vulnerável – VU (n=03), Criticamente Ameaçada – CR (n=02) e Não Aplicável – NA (n=01). Os dados analisados evidenciam a necessidade de mais estudos e investigações no entono da taxonomia, ecologia e conservação para o grupo, principalmente, quando levados em considerações o ínfimo número de especialistas e o elevado número de espécies a serem descritas no Brasil e no Mundo.
The Effect of Psychoeducational Stress Management Interventions on Students Stress Reduction: Systematic Review
Authors: Bani Ahmad Talal , Meric Meltem , Ayasrah Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Students can be a vulnerable group for stress. A psycho-educational program is one of the strategies to facilitate students’ adjustment and manage stress. This systematic review will integrate the effects of psychoeducational interventions on the level of stress among students. Pubmed, CINAHL, Science Direct Scopus databases were used to find potentially relevant published articles. The title and abstracts are used firstly to screen studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria before going to the next stage of the reviewing of complete articles. A total of eleven articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All articles in this sample were assessed using an instrument to assess overall quality. Study setting, sample size, study interventions, outcome measure/methods of delivery, and results were assessed and extracted. In all of the studies reviewed, the intervention groups experienced significantly greater reductions in perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our review highlights the importance of stress management programs, and the findings from this systematic review indicated that these programs were generally effective for optimizing the stress process and improving coping capacity with stressors.
When in Rome, Not All International Students Do as the Romans Do. A Survey-based Typification of International Students’ Experiences and Profiles at Sapienza University of Rome
Authors: Norton Laura , Giudici Cristina , Fatigante Marilena , Zucchermaglio Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Universities often consider international students as a homogeneous group, that is of value for internationalisation purposes. Yet, migratory paths, cultural encounters, motivations and expectations make the experience of these students much varied and highly differentiated. Acknowledging this diversity allows to go beyond aggregate statistics and to assess specific needs and constraints. The present study focuses on the Italian context, introducing a quali-quantitative survey developed to investigate the variety of experiences and profiles of international students enrolled at Sapienza University of Rome. An analysis of multiple correspondence was applied to the survey’s responses. Results were triangulated with qualitative data collected in previous steps of the research, confirming the reliability of the survey and its capacity to discriminate different profiles. Three groups were identified (the «transnational migrants», the «international students», and the «invisible» ones), revealing a series of specificities, and a particular group as most vulnerable. Results are discussed highlighting the need to implement inclusive policies.
Effect of plyometric training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation assisted strength training on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players
Authors: Hasan Shahnaz , Kandasamy Gokulakannan , Alyahya Danah , Alonazi Asma , Jamal Azfar , Iqbal Amir , Unnikrishnan Radhakrishnan , Muthusamy Hariraja 
Published: June 2022

Background
The study’s objective was to analyze the influence of an 8-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with a plyometric (PT) and strength training (ST) program on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players.

Methods
Sixty collegiate male football players participated in this randomized controlled trial single-blind study. All the participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) NMES group (Experimental, n = 30) who received NMES assisted ST and (2) sham NMES group (Control, n = 30) who received sham NMES assisted ST. In addition, participants from both groups received a PT program; both groups received intervention on three days a week for 8-weeks. The study’s outcomes, such as muscular, sprint, and functional performances, were assessed using a strength test (STN) for quadriceps muscle, sprint test (ST), and single-leg triple hop test (SLTHT), respectively, at baseline pre-intervention and 8-week post-intervention. The interaction between group and time was identified using a mixed design (2 × 2) ANOVA.

Results
Significant difference found across the two time points for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 5,479.70, p < 0.05; SLTHT: F (1.58) = 118.17, p < 0.05; and ST: F (1.58) = 201.63, p < 0.05. Similarly, the significant differences were found between groups averaged across time for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 759.62, p < 0.05 and ST: F (1.58) = 10.08, p < 0.05. In addition, after 8-week of training, Cohen’s d observed between two groups a large to medium treatment’s effect size for the outcome STN (d = 10.84) and ST (d = 1.31). However, a small effect size was observed only for the SLTHT (d = 0.613).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the effect of PT and ST with either NMES or sham NMES are equally capable of enhancing muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. However, PT and ST with NMES have shown an advantage over PT and ST with sham NMES in improving muscular performance and sprint performance among the same participants.
Changes in Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Morphology During Spaceflight and Acute Fluid Shift Reversal
Authors: Pardon Laura P. , Macias Brandon R. , Ferguson Connor R. , Greenwald Scott H. , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Alferova Irina V. , Ebert Doug , Dulchavsky Scott A. , Hargens Alan R. , Stenger Michael B. , Laurie Steven S. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceCountermeasures that reverse the headward fluid shift experienced in weightlessness have the potential to mitigate spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. This study investigated whether use of the countermeasure lower-body negative pressure during spaceflight was associated with changes in ocular structure.ObjectiveTo determine whether changes to the optic nerve head and retina during spaceflight can be mitigated by brief in-flight application of 25-mm Hg lower-body negative pressure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s “Fluid Shifts Study,” a prospective cohort study, optical coherence tomography scans of the optic nerve head and macula were obtained from US and international crew members before flight, in-flight, and up to 180 days after return to Earth. In-flight scans were obtained both under normal weightless conditions and 10 to 20 minutes into lower-body negative pressure exposure. Preflight and postflight data were collected in the seated, supine, and head-down tilt postures. Crew members completed 6- to 12-month missions that took place on the International Space Station. Data were analyzed from 2016 to 2021.Interventions or ExposuresSpaceflight and lower-body negative pressure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChanges in minimum rim width, optic cup volume, Bruch membrane opening height, peripapillary total retinal thickness, and macular thickness.ResultsMean (SD) flight duration for the 14 crew members (mean [SD] age, 45 [6] years; 11 male crew members [79%]) was 214 (72) days. Ocular changes on flight day 150, as compared with preflight seated, included an increase in minimum rim width (33.8 μm; 95% CI, 27.9-39.7 μm; P &lt; .001), decrease in cup volume (0.038 mm3; 95% CI, 0.030-0.046 mm3; P &lt; .001), posterior displacement of Bruch membrane opening (−9.0 μm; 95% CI, −15.7 to −2.2 μm; P = .009), and decrease in macular thickness (fovea to 500 μm, 5.1 μm; 95% CI, 3.5-6.8 μm; P &lt; .001). Brief exposure to lower-body negative pressure did not affect these parameters.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that peripapillary tissue thickening, decreased cup volume, and mild central macular thinning were associated with long-duration spaceflight. Acute exposure to 25-mm Hg lower-body negative pressure did not alter optic nerve head or retinal morphology, suggesting that longer durations of a fluid shift reversal may be needed to mitigate spaceflight-induced changes and/or other factors are involved.
Policy search for active fault diagnosis with partially observable state
Authors: Král Ladislav , Punčochář Ivo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe article deals with a novel design of an active fault detector (AFD) for a nonlinear stochastic system with a partially observable state. The imperfect state information problem is converted to a perfect state information problem using a state estimator. Subsequently, the problem is decomposed into separate tasks of an optimal fault detector design and an approximate input generator design using a dynamic programming technique. While the former task is straightforward, the latter represents a nonlinear functional optimization problem. The input generator is approximated by a multi‐layer perceptron neural network, and its unknown parameters are found using the policy search method. Effectiveness of the proposed AFD design is demonstrated numerically on a pendulum system and a heating/cooling system.
Insight into the Effects of Current Collectors and In Situ Ni Leaching in High‐Voltage Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Jinhe , Yu Chang , Guo Wei , Wang Zhao , Ding Yiwang , Xie Yuanyang , Liu Kunlun , Wang Hui , Tan Xinyi , Huang Huawei , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe limited 1.23 V of electrochemical stable window hinders the energy output of aqueous supercapacitors. Good stability of current collectors toward high operation voltage closely determines whether the voltage window of aqueous supercapacitors can be further improved. Here, the electrochemical stability of representative current collectors in aqueous electrolytes in terms of intrinsic response toward oxygen/hydrogen evolution side reaction and capacitance contribution are decoupled detailedly. The lowest response to the occurrence of electrolyte decomposition and negligible capacitance contribution are presented for Ti mesh, along with a high & stable electrochemical window up to 3.61 V in neutral electrolyte and accurate evaluation of the electrochemical performance of electrode. The experimental verification in 21 m LiTFSI confirms that the Ti mesh can indeed work at a record high voltage up to 2.6 V. Operando Raman, ex situ atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and self‐built electrolyte decoupling system further reveal the process of Ni leaching and generation of Ni(OH)2 new species in promising neutral electrolyte for commonly used Ni foam current collector. This work supplies theoretical support for the choice of current collectors in high‐voltage aqueous supercapacitors and the design of catalysts, and intrinsic activity decoupling in the electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules related to aqueous electrolytes.
4‐(Dimethylamino)Pyridinium Azide in Protic Ionic Liquid Media as a Stable Equivalent of Hydrazoic Acid
Authors: Andreev Ivan A. , Boichenko Maksim A. , Ratmanova Nina K. , Ivanova Olga A. , Levina Irina I. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Sedov Igor A. , Trushkov Igor V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report a procedure for the multigram synthesis of 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridinium azide, a stable, non‐explosive, low‐hygroscopic source of azide ion soluble in both protic and aprotic organic solvents. In protic ionic liquid media this reagent was shown to serve as a safer equivalent of toxic and unstable hydrazoic acid. The synthetic utility of this system was demonstrated using donor‐acceptor cyclopropane ring opening as a model process. General procedures furnishing a variety of dialkyl (2‐azido‐2‐arylethyl)malonates or 4‐azido‐4‐arylbutyrates, depending on the protic ionic liquid applied, were elaborated. The conversion times for studied donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes were established providing the relative reactivity sequence. The application of 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridinium azide for a conventional nucleophilic substitution, oxirane ring opening, (3+2)‐cycloaddition to (thio)cyano group as well as their combinations realized as telescopic synthesis was also demonstrated.magnified image
Enhancers of Host Immune Tolerance to Bacterial Infection Discovered Using Linked Computational and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Novak Richard , Keshari Vishal , Dinis Alexandre L. M. , Cartwright Mark J. , Camacho Diogo M. , Paré Jean‐François , Super Michael , Levin Michael , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent therapeutic strategies against bacterial infections focus on reduction of pathogen load using antibiotics; however, stimulation of host tolerance to infection in the presence of pathogens might offer an alternative approach. Computational transcriptomics and Xenopus laevis embryos are used to discover infection response pathways, identify potential tolerance inducer drugs, and validate their ability to induce broad tolerance. Xenopus exhibits natural tolerance to Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, whereas Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce lethal infections. Transcriptional profiling leads to definition of a 20‐gene signature that discriminates between tolerant and susceptible states, as well as identification of a more active tolerance response to gram negative compared to gram positive bacteria. Gene pathways associated with active tolerance in Xenopus, including some involved in metal ion binding and hypoxia, are found to be conserved across species, including mammals, and administration of a metal chelator (deferoxamine) or a HIF‐1α agonist (1,4‐DPCA) in embryos infected with lethal A. hydrophila increased survival despite high pathogen load. These data demonstrate the value of combining the Xenopus embryo infection model with computational multiomics analyses for mechanistic discovery and drug repurposing to induce host tolerance to bacterial infections.
Uncovering haplotype diversity in cultivated Mexican vanilla species
Authors: Ellestad Paige , Farrera Miguel Angel Perez , Forest Félix , Buerki Sven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPremiseAlthough vanilla is one of the best‐known spices, there is only a limited understanding of its biology and genetics within Mexico, where its cultivation originated and where phenotypic variability is high. This study aims to augment our understanding of vanilla's genetic resources by assessing species delimitation and genetic, geographic, and climatic variability within Mexican cultivated vanilla.MethodsUsing nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data from 58 Mexican samples collected from three regions and 133 ex situ accessions, we assessed species monophyly using phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances. Intraspecific genetic variation was summarized through the identification of haplotypes. Within the primarily cultivated species, Vanilla planifolia, haplotype relationships were further verified using plastome and rRNA gene sequences. Climatic niche and haplotype composition were assessed across the landscape.ResultsThree species (Vanilla planifolia, V. pompona, and V. insignis) and 13 haplotypes were identified among Mexican vanilla. Within V. planifolia haplotypes, hard phylogenetic incongruences between plastid and nuclear sequences suggest past hybridization events. Eight haplotypes consisted exclusively of Mexican samples. The dominant V. planifolia haplotype occurred throughout all three regions as well as outside of its country of origin. Haplotype richness was found to be highest in regions around Papantla and Chinantla.ConclusionsLong histories of regional cultivation support the consideration of endemic haplotypes as landraces shaped by adaptation to local conditions and/or hybridization. Results may aid further genomic investigations of vanilla's genetic resources and ultimately support the preservation of genetic diversity within the economically important crop.
On the choice of timescale for other cause mortality in a competing risk setting using flexible parametric survival models
Authors: Skourlis Nikolaos , Crowther Michael J. , Andersson Therese M.‐L. , Lambert Paul C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn competing risks settings where the events are death due to cancer and death due to other causes, it is common practice to use time since diagnosis as the timescale for all competing events. However, attained age has been proposed as a more natural choice of timescale for modeling other cause mortality. We examine the choice of using time since diagnosis versus attained age as the timescale when modeling other cause mortality, assuming that the hazard rate is a function of attained age, and how this choice can influence the cumulative incidence functions (s) derived using flexible parametric survival models. An initial analysis on the colon cancer data from the population‐based Swedish Cancer Register indicates such an influence. A simulation study is conducted in order to assess the impact of the choice of timescale for other cause mortality on the bias of the estimated and how different factors may influence the bias. We also use regression standardization methods in order to obtain marginal estimates. Using time since diagnosis as the timescale for all competing events leads to a low degree of bias in for cancer mortality () under all approaches. It also leads to a low degree of bias in for other cause mortality (), provided that the effect of age at diagnosis is included in the model with sufficient flexibility, with higher bias under scenarios where a covariate has a time‐varying effect on the hazard rate for other cause mortality on the attained age scale.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of anilide derivatives as epidermal growth factor receptor L858R/T790M and L858R/T790M/C797S inhibitors
Authors: Kim Soo Lim , Yang Yo‐Sep , Lee Sujin , Kim Nam‐Jung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor is important for the treatment of various cancers. Third‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been clinically used by targeting T790M specifically but are recently known to induce T790M/C797S mutation after the treatment. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop novel kinase inhibitors targeting the mutant EGFRs. Here, we designed and synthesized 16 analogs by hybridizing EAI045 (1) and 3′,4′,5′‐trihydroxyflavone (2) and identified 9a, 9b, and 20b as EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S mutant inhibitors. In addition, we found that 10a and 10b can inhibit both L858R/T790M and L858R/T790M/C797S. Molecular docking study on a plausible binding mode of the compounds is also provided.
In‐depth investigation of the Silymarin effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of sofosbuvir, GS‐331007 and ledipasvir in rat plasma using LC–MS
Authors: Aboras Sara I. , Korany Mohamed A. , El‐Yazbi Ahmed F. , Ragab Marwa A. A. , Abdine Heba H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of complementary medicine (CMD) for liver support in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients sometimes coincides with the administration of oral antiviral drugs to eradicate the virus. This calls for a deep investigation of CMD effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs to ensure their safety and efficacy. Silymarin (SLY), as a CMD, was selected to be given orally to healthy male rats with sofosbuvir (SFB) and ledipasvir (LED), a common regimen in HCV treatment. A new and sensitive LC–MS method was validated for the bioassay of SLY, LED, SFB and its inactive metabolite, GS‐331007, in spiked plasma with lower limits of quantitation of 10, 1, 4 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Moreover, the method was further applied to conduct a full pharmacokinetic profile of SFB, GS‐331007 and ledipasvir with and without SLY. It was found that co‐administration of SLY may expose the patient to unplanned high serum concentrations of SFB and LED. This could be accompanied by a decrease in SFB efficacy, potentially leading to therapeutic failure and the emergence of viral resistance.
Experimental Investigation of Electrothermal Desorption of Steel Mill Gases from Activated Carbon
Authors: Peters Martin , Geitner Christian , Verhoeven Birte Friederike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA bench‐scale electric swing adsorption plant has been used to investigate electrothermal desorption behavior by varying technically relevant factors like maximum electric power, purge gas flow and desorption temperature. The study has been planned by design of experiments using a central composite design. Different quality criteria have been defined to describe a macroscopic behavior of the desorption for process development. The results are used to fit models by multiple linear regression. For technically relevant quality criteria good correlating models could be found and can be used for accurate prediction of, e.g., the energy demand, purge gas total volume or desorption time.