bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Layer Bus-Independent Instruction Set Architecture for Securing Long Protocol Data Units in Automotive Open System Architecture-Based Automotive Electronic Control Units
Authors: Hamed Ahmed , El-Kharashi M. Watheq , Salem Ashraf , Safar Mona 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we propose a bus-independent hardware (HW)-based approach to secure long protocol data units (PDUs) in Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR)-based automotive electronic control units (ECUs). Our approach is based on extending previous works that implemented two AUTOSAR communication (COM) application-specific instruction set processors (ASIPs). COM ASIP V1 introduced two instructions to handle the transmission and reception of PDUs no larger than 8 bytes and signals no larger than 32 bits individually through send signal and receive signal instructions. COM ASIP V2 introduced two extra instructions to handle long signals and PDUs of arbitrary lengths. We extended the instruction set architecture (ISA) of our previous ASIPs by introducing six new instructions, in COM ASIP V3, to hash PDUs that contain these signals to authenticate transmission and reception of such PDUs. The experimental results show that COM ASIP V3 can handle (i.e., transmit, receive, calculate hash, or verify hash) a 64-byte controller area network flexible data-rate (CAN FD) frame in 1.575 μs and a 254-byte FlexRay frame in 6.301 μs. These measurements indicate that the throughput of our new COM ASIP is much higher, 42× to 75×, than the throughput required by these communication buses.
Analysis of Conformational Preferences in Caffeine
Authors: Gómez Sara , Rojas-Valencia Natalia , Restrepo Albeiro 
Published: March 2022

High level DLPNO–CCSD(T) electronic structure calculations with extended basis sets over B3LYP–D3 optimized geometries indicate that the three methyl groups in caffeine overcome steric hindrance to adopt uncommon conformations, each one placing a C–H bond on the same plane of the aromatic system, leading to the C–H bonds eclipsing one carbonyl group, one heavily delocalized C–N bond constituent of the fused double ring aromatic system, and one C–H bond from the imidazole ring. Deletion of indiscriminate and selective non-Lewis orbitals unequivocally show that hyperconjugation in the form of a bidirectional –CH3 ⇆ aromatic system charge transfer is responsible for these puzzling conformations. The structural preferences in caffeine are exclusively determined by orbital interactions, ruling out electrostatics, induction, bond critical points, and density redistribution because the steric effect, the allylic effect, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and the non-covalent interactions (NCI), all predict wrong energetic orderings. Tiny rotational barriers, not exceeding 1.3 kcal/mol suggest that at room conditions, each methyl group either acts as a free rotor or adopts fluxional behavior, thus preventing accurate determination of their conformations. In this context, our results supersede current experimental ambiguity in the assignation of methyl conformation in caffeine and, more generally, in methylated xanthines and their derivatives.
Assessment of the Thermo-Hydraulic Efficiency of an Indoor-Designed Jet Impingement Solar Thermal Collector Roughened with Single Discrete Arc-Shaped Ribs
Authors: Kumar Raj , Cuce Erdem , Kumar Sushil , Thapa Sashank , Gupta Paras , Goel Bhaskar , Saleel C. Ahamed , Shaik Saboor 
Published: March 2022

This study illustrates the impact of single discrete arc-shaped ribs (SDASR)-type artificial roughness on the performance of a jet impingement solar thermal collector (JISTC). The impact of parametric variations of SDASR on the Nusselt number (Nusdr), friction factor (fsdr), and thermohydraulic performance (ηsdr) is examined. The spacer length (Ssdr) of the SDASR was changed from 0 mm to 300 mm in stages of 100 mm during the experiment. The fixed parameters of the SDASR were a relative discrete distance Dd/Lv of 0.67, relative discrete width gw/Hr of 0.87, relative rib height Hr/H of 0.047, relative rib pitch Pr/H of 1.7, angle of an arc αsdr of 60°, jet diameter ratio Dj/Dhy of 0.065, streamwise pitch ratio X/Dhy of 1.72, and spanwise pitch ratio Y/Dhy of 0.82. The Reynolds number Re was altered from 3000 to 19,000. The Nusdr and fsdr of a JISTC with a roughened absorber plate was found to be enhanced by 5.25 and 5.98 times as compared to an STC without artificial roughness. The optimal findings of Nusdr, fsdr, and ηsdr were achieved at Ssdr = 0 mm. The maximum value of the ηsdr obtained at Ssdr = 0 mm was 2.9.
Alternativas de diseño estructural y geométrico como solución a problemas de congestionamiento vehicular
Authors: Molina Galván Jorge Antonio 
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo fue proponer una solución de diseño estructural y geométrico a los problemas de congestionamiento vehicular en la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia. El estudio se divide en tres etapas: primero, se desarrollaron los estudios técnicos correspondientes; segundo, se presentó un análisis de situación; tercero, se presenta la alternativa óptima de solución. Como resultado se encuentra que el tráfico vehicular en el área urbana de la ciudad está colapsado, generando un impacto negativo a la normal circulación de los motorizados conllevando una demora en los tiempos de viaje para llegar a su destino. Se concluye que una solución de infraestructura vial con paso a desnivel permite que estos problemas de congestión vehicular se reduzcan en gran medida, siempre que vaya acompañada de la implantación de medidas regulatorias de circulación y educación viales que optimicen la capacidad de las vías.
العوامل المؤثره في التزام الطبيب بالتبصير
Authors: حسن حيدر فليح , مشتت علياء زامل 
Published: March 2022

يتأثر التزام الطبيب بالتبصير الطبي بعدة عوامل لاختلاف المرضى فيما بينهم من حيث طبيعه المرض ودرجه خطورته وسن المريض والهدف من الخضوع للتداخل الطبي, اذ ان هناك ملابسات تحيط بالمرضى تلزم على الطبيب تخفيف التبصير تجاههم , عبر اخفاء المعلومات الطبيه , كما ان هناك بالمقابل اعمالا طبيه تحتم على الطبيب ان يتشدد بالتزامه عبر مد نطاق التبصير الى مدى اوسع من نطاقه في الاعمال الطبيه الاعتياديه
لذا سنبحث في هذا المجال الحالات التي يخفف فيها التبصير الطبي والحالات التي يستلزم التشديد فيها ووفق الترتيب الاتي:
Nusyūz Dalam Surat An Nisa Ayat 34 (Tinjauan Analisis Keadilan Gender)
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah 
Published: March 2022

<p>Konsep <em>Nusyūz </em>dalam Dalam al-Qur’an merupakan tema sentral dalam sebuah rumah tangga yang berawal dari perasaan cinta. Persoalan <em>nusyuz </em>dalam perkawinan merubah keadaan menjadi problem keharmonisan yang berujung kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sehingga perasaan cinta memudar seketika, padahal perkawinan adalah sakral. Al-Qur’an menyebutkan sebanyak dua kali, yaitu dalam surat An-Nisa’ ayat 34 dan 128, yaitu sebagai berikut. Wanita-wanita yang kamu khawatirkan <em>nusyuz</em>nya, maka nasehatilah mereka dan pisahkanlah mereka di tempat tidur mereka, dan pukullah mereka. Kemudian jika mereka menta`atimu, maka janganlah kamu mencari-cari jalan untuk menyusahkannya.Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Tinggi lagi Maha Besar. Q.s. An-Nisa’ ayat 34 Dan jika seorang wanita khawatir akan <em>nusyuz </em>atau sikap tidak acuh dari suaminya, maka tidak mengapa bagi keduanya mengadakan perdamaian yang sebenar-benarnya, dan perdamaian itu lebih baik (bagi mereka)…Q.S. An-Nisa’ ayat 128.</p><p>Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis <em>Nusyūz</em> tidak hanya bisa terjadi kepada istri saja, tetapi juga sangat bisa terjadi kepada suami, sebagaimana telah disebutkan dalam QS. An-Nisa‟ ayat 34, dan QS. An-Nisa‟ ayat 128. Bahwa <em>Nusyūz</em> bisa memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap keharmonisan rumah tangga, dan bisa mmberikan dampak negatif terhadap kehidupan social.</p><p>Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (UU PKDRT), merupakan ketentuan hukum yang mengatur tentang tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, prosedur penanganan perkara, perlindungan terhadap korban dan sanksi bagi para pelakunya. UU ini dilegislasikan dengan beberapa pertimbangan: <em>pertama</em>, Bahwa setiap warga berhak mendapatkan rasa aman dan bebas dari segala bentuk kekerasan suami. <em>Kedua</em>, Bahwa segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan serta bentuk diskriminasi yang harus dihapuskan. <em>Ketiga</em>, Bahwa korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, yang kebanyakan adalah perempuan, harus mendapatkan perlindungan dari negara dan atau masyarakat agar terhindar dan terbebas dari segala bentuk kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan, penyiksaan, atau perlakuan yang merendahkan derajat dan martabat kemanusiaan. <em>Keempat</em>, Bahwa dalam kenyataannya kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga banyak terjadi, sedangkan system hukum Indonesia belum menjamin akan adanya perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.</p><p>Pengahapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada penghormatan hak asasi manusia, keadilan dan kesetaraan gender, nondiskriminatif dan perlindungan korban. Sementara tujuannya adalah untuk mencegah segala bentuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, melindungi korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, menindak pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan memelihara keutuhan rumah tangga yang harmonis dan sejahtera</p>
Pengenalan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 Untuk Siswa-Siswi SMAN 1 Klari Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Rostiani Yeny , Indaryono Indaryono , Yusuf Arif Maulana 
Published: March 2022

Pajak penghasilan Pasal 21 (PPh Pasal 21) merupakan pajak penghasilan sehubungan dengan pekerjaan, jasa dan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Wajib Pajak orang pribadi dalam negeri secara individual. Pengenalan PPh Pasal 21 untuk siswa-siswi Sekolah Menengah Negeri 1 Klari, di Kabupaten Karawang merupakan salah satu strategi meningkatkan pemahaman para siswa terhadap kewajiban membayar pajak sebagai bukti kepatuhan warga negara dalam membayar pajak. Sebelum melaksanakan kegiatan ini, terlebih dahulu Ketua Program Studi beserta tim meminta ijin untuk melaksanakan kegiatan ini agar tidak mengganggu proses pembelajaran siswa-siswi yang sudah terjadwal. Hasil dari kegiatan ini peserta memahami dan mampu menghitung pajak penghasilan pasal 21, sesuai katagori dan sesuai dengan tarif PTKP yang ditetapkan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP).
The Comparison of p16 Protein Expression between Single and Multiple Seborrheic Keratosis
Authors: Sari Indri Widya , Yulia Farida Yahya  , Suroso Adi Nugroho  , Erial Bahar  , Ika Kartika  
Published: March 2022

Background. Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a benign epithelial tumor that attacks adults, the elderly, and an increasing number of age-related lesions. Various risk factors influence the pathogenesis of SK, including genetic predisposition and sun exposure. Recently, SK associated with a theory of keratinocytes aging. The aging prevents unlimited and uncontrolled growth of damaged cells, thereby preventing degeneration, but on the other hand, increases the resistance of the cells to apoptosis. From previous studies, the expression of p16 protein increased substantially with age, thus enabling it to be a biomarker of cellular aging at the molecular level. This study was aimed to determine p16 protein expression between single and multiple seborrheic keratoses, the relationship between p16 protein expression in single and multiple SK, and p16 protein expression in the elderly.
Methods. Observational study with a cross-sectional design was used to determine the comparison of p16 protein expression between single and multiple seborrheic keratoses was conducted from December 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, study participants with a total of 42 people were selected through the consecutive sampling method. Physical examinations, dermoscopic and histopathologic were carried out until the results were obtained. Then the data were analyzed using the Fisher Test, Chi-Square, with a 95% confidence interval (p <0.05).
Results. Most SK patients were found in the age range of 60-69 years (38%), male gender (54.8%), sun-related occasional 3-6 hour per day (50%), location of SK in sun-exposed areas (83.3%), the number of multiple lesions (69%), size 1-2 cm (57.1%), disease duration > 3 years (54.8%), and have no comorbid (69%), an acanthotic subtype of SK (40.5%). All single SK patients have a negative-weak expression of p16 protein (38.2%). Multiple SK patients have a moderate-strong expression of p16 protein (100%) and negative-weak expression of p16 protein (61.8%). Based on statistical analysis using Fisher Exact test has a statistically significant to p16 protein expression with number SK lesion (p-value 0,043).
Conclusion. There is a significant correlation between p16 protein expression with single and multiple SK. The study has several limitations. The sample size was small. Other supporting examinations are needed in SK, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Resiliencia docente en contextos vulnerables: una revisión descriptiva de la literatura
Authors: Durand Mercado Jean , Mendoza Muñoz Jenny , Chavez Apaza Elizabeth , Rios Cataño Claudia 
Published: March 2022

Objetivo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la resiliencia individual, organizacional y comunitaria del docente en contextos vulnerables desde la revisión descriptiva de la literatura. Métodos. Para el proceso de recolección de datos se utilizaron las bases de datos Scielo, Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect, fueron seleccionados 20 artículos de investigación originales publicados entre 2015 y 2021, siendo incluidos artículos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos de contextos vulnerables, situaciones de estrés, pandemia COVID-19, situación de pobreza, desastres naturales, entre otros; y como estrategia de análisis se ordenaron de manera conceptual y por categorías, se clasifcaron los resultados y compararon los conceptos, para poder ser redactados y presentados. Resultados. La resiliencia es una aptitud de sostenibilidad, afronte y recuperación en situaciones de adversidad que comprende capacidades como: flexibilidad, adaptabilidad, vulnerabilidad, ingenio, agilidad, redundancia, fortaleza, tolerancia y colaboración. El docente resiliente transmite un buen clima y culturaorganizacional; un docente resiliente dentro de un contexto vulnerable transmite a sus estudiantes herramientas de afronte, en conjunto con sus recursos personales, llegando a ser participe y promoviendo la resiliencia dentro de la comunidad en la que se desarrolla. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la resiliencia es una capacidad para superar obstáculos y poder adaptarse favorablemente, permitiendo al profesional docente actuar positivamente en el climay la cultura institucional, por lo que necesita ser desarrollada y propiciada por las organizaciones estatales para ser transmitida a la comunidad estudiantil (padres, maestros y estudiantes).
PENGAPLIKASIAN TEKNIK SMOCKING PADA BUSANA DEMI-COUTURE
Authors: Susiana Susiana 
Published: March 2022

In the development of fabric manipulating techniques, there are several types of fabric processing techniques in the community that can be used as decorative elements in decorating fabrics, namely smocking. Smocking is one of the surface techniques that require hand skills in turning a plain cloth into an embossed patterned cloth. Along with the development of smoking techniques, the creative industry can utilize and develop a piece of cloth into creativity that has a high selling value. In addition, smocking can be used as an alternative that can provide beauty in clothing with various varied forms. Based on the process of making smoke, it requires high hand skills, so this surface has the potential to be used as an application for demi-couture clothing. This study aims to develop the potential of the direct smoking technique in demi-couture clothing. The final result of this research is a demi-couture clothing collection by applying the direct smoking technique. This study uses qualitative methods, namely by collecting data such as trend and material observations as well as exploring smoking techniques.

Keywords: Demi-couture, Smocking, Surface
The Importance of Research for the Aspiring Young Scientists
Authors: Villela Ricardo 
Published: March 2022

For many years, research served as the primary pillar behind the growth of medical sciences and provided the scientific community with the tools needed to expand their discoveries. According to a recent survey, students are now unable to follow research tracks owing to financial difficulties, obstacles in finding opportunities, or a lack of enthusiasm in research due to insufficient exposure to medical research in their medical schools. This becomes a worrisome fact since medical school curricula are not giving much importance to research in the training of future medical generations. This editorial tackles these challenges and how to face them.
Measuring the Nonaxially Symmetric Surface Temperature Distribution of the Central Compact Object in Puppis A
Authors: Alford J. A. J. , Gotthelf E. V. , Perna R. , Halpern J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The surface temperature distributions of central compact objects (CCOs) are powerful probes of their crustal magnetic field strengths and geometries. Here we model the surface temperature distribution of RX J0822−4300, the CCO in the Puppis A supernova remnant, using 471 ks of XMM-Newton data. We compute the energy-dependent pulse profiles in 16 energy bands, fully including the general relativistic effects of gravitational redshift and light bending, to accurately model the two heated surface regions of different temperatures and areas, in addition to constraining the viewing geometry. This results in precise measurements of the two temperatures:

kT

warm

=
(
1
+
z
)
×

0.222

−
0.019

+
0.018

keV and kT
hot = (1 + z) × 0.411 ± 0.011 keV. The two heated surface regions are likely located very close to the rotational poles, with the most probable position of the hotter component ≈ 6° from the rotational pole. For the first time, we are able to measure a deviation from a pure antipodal hot-spot geometry, with a longitudinal offset

δ

γ

=
11
.°

7

−
2
.°

5

+
2
.°

6

. The discovery of this asymmetry, along with the factor of ≈2 temperature difference between the two emitting regions, may indicate that RX J0822−4300 was born with a strong, tangled crustal magnetic field.
New Constraints on Protoplanetary Disk Gas Masses in Lupus
Authors: Anderson Dana E. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Blake Geoffrey A. , Bergin Edwin A. , Zhang Ke , Carpenter John M. , Schwarz Kamber R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gas mass is a fundamental quantity of protoplanetary disks that directly relates to their ability to form planets. Because we are unable to observe the bulk H2 content of disks directly, we rely on indirect tracers to provide quantitative mass estimates. Current estimates for the gas masses of the observed disk population in the Lupus star-forming region are based on measurements of isotopologues of CO. However, without additional constraints, the degeneracy between H2 mass and the elemental composition of the gas leads to large uncertainties in such estimates. Here, we explore the gas compositions of seven disks from the Lupus sample representing a range of CO-to-dust ratios. With Band 6 and 7 ALMA observations, we measure line emission for HCO+, HCN, and N2H+. We find a tentative correlation among the line fluxes for these three molecular species across the sample, but no correlation with 13CO or submillimeter continuum fluxes. For the three disks where N2H+ is detected, we find that a combination of high disk gas masses and subinterstellar C/H and O/H are needed to reproduce the observed values. We find increases of ∼10–100× previous mass estimates are required to match the observed line fluxes. This work highlights how multimolecular studies are essential for constraining the physical and chemical properties of the gas in populations of protoplanetary disks, and that CO isotopologues alone are not sufficient for determining the mass of many observed disks.
Absorption Line Search through Three Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Halos
Authors: Qu Zhijie , Bregman Joel N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dwarf galaxies are missing nearly all of their baryons and metals from the stellar disk, which are presumed to be in a bound halo or expelled beyond the virial radius. The virial temperature for galaxies with M
h ∼ 109–1010
M
⊙ is similar to the collisional ionization equilibrium temperature for the C iv ion. We search for UV absorption from C iv in six sightlines toward three dwarf galaxies in the anti-M31 direction and at the periphery of the Local Group (D ≈ 1.3 Mpc; Sextans A, Sextans B, and NGC 3109). The C iv doublet is detected in only one of six sightlines, toward Sextans A, with

log
N
(
C

IV
)
=
13.06
±
0.08

. This is consistent with our gaseous halo models, where the halo gas mass is determined by the cooling rate, feedback, and the star formation rate; the inclusion of photoionization is an essential ingredient. This model can also reproduce the higher detection rate of O vi absorption in other dwarf samples (beyond the Local Group), with C iv only detectable within ∼0.5R
vir.
Unveiling the Origin of the Fermi Bubbles with MeV Photon Telescopes
Authors: Negro Michela , Fleischhack Henrike , Zoglauer Andreas , Digel Seth , Ajello Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Fermi Bubbles (FBs) are a pair of large-scale ellipsoidal structures extending above and below the Galactic plane almost symmetrically aligned with the Galactic center. After more than 10 yr since their discovery, their nature and origin remain unclear. Unveiling the primary emission mechanisms, whether hadronic or leptonic, is considered to be the main tool to shed light on the topic. We explore the potential key role of MeV observations of the FB, and we provide a recipe to determine the sensitivity of Compton and Compton-pair telescopes to the extended emission of the FB. We illustrate the capabilities of the Imaging Compton Telescope COMPTEL, the newly selected NASA MeV mission Compton Spectrometer and Imager, as well as the expectations for a potential future Compton-pair telescope such as the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer.
A pictorial key for identification of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Madeira Archipelago
Authors: Rego Carla , Smit John , Aguiar António , Cravo Délia , Penado Andreia , Boieiro Mário 
Published: March 2022

Syrphid flies are important ecological indicators and provide crucial ecosystem services, being important pollinators and biological control agents of insect pests. These charismatic insects are conspicuous and, due to their size and colourful patterns, are relatively easy to identify. However, the lack of user-friendly literature (e.g. photographic guides) for most areas may hamper its wider selection as a study group in biodiversity and ecological studies. The syrphid fauna of Madeira Archipelago comprises 26 species, including four endemics (Eumerus hispidus Smit, Aguiar &amp; Wakeham-Dawson, 2004; Melanostoma wollastoni Wakeham-Dawson, Aguiar, Smit, McCullough &amp; Wyatt, 2004; Myathropa usta, Wollaston, 1858 and Xanthandrus babyssa, Walker, 1849), but, despite the current good taxonomic knowledge on this group, information on species distribution, ecology and conservation is still lacking. Here, we provide a pictorial key to the adult hoverflies of Madeira Archipelago highlighting diagnostic characteristics and present photographs of both males and females (in dorsal and lateral views) in colour plates. The key and plates will help researchers to differentiate these species, thus encouraging the use of this insect group in future bioindication studies. In addition, this study also aims to engage a broader audience of non-experts in improving the knowledge on the distribution and ecology of Madeira syrphids.
We provide a checklist for the hoverflies of Madeira Archipelago and a pictorial key to help on species identification.