bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Cauchy Evolution for Linear Homotopy AQFTs
Authors: Bruinsma Simen , Fewster Christopher J. , Schenkel Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a concept of relative Cauchy evolution for the class of homotopy algebraic quantum field theories (AQFTs) that are obtained by canonical commutation relation quantization of Poisson chain complexes. The key element of the construction is a rectification theorem proving that the homotopy time-slice axiom, which is a higher categorical relaxation of the time-slice axiom of AQFT, can be strictified for theories in this class. The general concept is illustrated through a detailed study of the relative Cauchy evolution for the homotopy AQFT associated with linear Yang-Mills theory, for which the usual stress-energy tensor is recovered.
A Randomized Pilot Trial Assessing the Role of Human Fibrinogen Concentrate in Decreasing Cryoprecipitate Use and Blood Loss in Infants Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Tirotta Christopher F. , Lagueruela Richard G. , Gupta Apeksha , Salyakina Daria , Aguero David , Ojito Jorge , Kubes Kathleen , Hannan Robert , Burke Redmond P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with human fibrinogen concentrate decreases the need for component blood therapy and blood loss in neonate and infant patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Pediatric patients (N = 30) undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomized to receive human fibrinogen concentrate or placebo following cardiopulmonary bypass termination. The primary endpoint was the amount of cryoprecipitate administered. Secondary endpoints included estimated blood loss during the 24 h post-surgery; perioperative blood product transfusion; effects of fibrinogen infusion on global hemostasis, measured by laboratory testing and rotational thromboelastometry; and adverse events. No clinically significant differences were identified in baseline characteristics between groups. A significantly lower volume of cryoprecipitate was administered to the treatment group during the perioperative period [median (interquartile range) 0.0 (0.0–0.0) cc/kg vs 12.0 (8.2–14.3) cc/kg; P < 0.0001] versus placebo. No difference was observed between treatment groups in blood loss, laboratory coagulation tests, use of other blood components, or incidence of adverse events. FIBTEM amplitude of maximum clot firmness values was significantly higher among patients treated with human fibrinogen concentrate versus placebo (P ≤ 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in post-drug HEPTEM, INTEM, and EXTEM results. Human fibrinogen concentrate (70 mg/kg) administered after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass reduced the need for transfusion with cryoprecipitate in a neonate and infant patient population.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02822599.
School-age structural and functional MRI and lung function in children following lung resection for congenital lung malformation in infancy
Authors: Willers Corin , Maager Lukas , Bauman Grzegorz , Cholewa Dietmar , Stranzinger Enno , Raio Luigi , Casaulta Carmen , Latzin Philipp 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The management of asymptomatic congenital lung malformations is debated. Particularly, there is a lack of information regarding long-term growth and development of the remaining lung in children following lung resection for congenital lung malformations. In addition to conventional pulmonary function tests, we used novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods to measure perfusion and ventilation.

Objective
To assess functionality of the remaining lung expanded into the thoracic cavity after resection of congenital lung malformations.

Materials and methods
A prospective, cross-sectional pilot study in five children who had surgery for congenital lung malformations during infancy. Participants had structural and functional MRI as well as spirometry, body plethysmography and multiple breath washout at school age.

Results
Structural MRI showed an expansion of the remaining lung in all cases. Fractional ventilation and relative perfusion of the expanded lung were locally decreased in functional MRI. In all other parts of the lungs, fractional ventilation and relative perfusion were normal in all children. There was an association between overall impairment of perfusion and elevated lung clearance index. The results of spirometry and body plethysmography varied between patients, including normal lung function, restriction and obstruction.

Conclusion
Fractional ventilation and relative perfusion maps from functional MRI specifically locate impairment of the remaining lung after lung resection. These changes are not captured by conventional measures such as structural MRI and standard pulmonary function tests. Therefore, following lung resection for congenital lung malformation, children should be investigated more systematically with functional lung MRI.
Detection of fatty liver using virtual non-contrast dual-energy CT
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng Peter , Choi Hailey H. , Ohliger Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Determine whether liver attenuation measured on dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual non-contrast examinations predicts the presence of fatty liver.

Methods
Single-institution retrospective review from 2016 to 2020 found patients with DECT and proton density fat fraction MRI (MRI PDFF) within 30 days. MRI PDFF was the reference standard for determining hepatic steatosis. Attenuation measurements from VNC and mixed 120 kVp-like images were compared to MRI PDFF in the right and left lobes. Performance of VNC was compared to measurement of the liver-spleen attenuation difference (LSAD).

Results
128 patients were included (69 men, 59 women) with mean age 51.6 years (range 14–98 years). > 90% of patients received CT and MRI in the emergency department or as inpatients. Median interval between DECT and MRI PDFF was 2 days (range 0–28 days). Prevalence of fatty liver using the reference standard (MRI PDFF > 6%) was 24%. Pearson correlation coefficient between VNC and MRI- DFF was -0.64 (right) and -0.68 (left, both p < 0.0001). For LSAD, correlation was − 0.43 in both lobes (p < 0.0001). Considering MRI PDFF > 6% as diagnostic of steatosis, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.834 and 0.872 in the right and left hepatic lobes, with an optimal threshold of 54.8 HU (right) and 52.5 HU (left), yielding sensitivity/specificity of 57%/93.9% (right) and 67.9%/90% (left). For LSAD, AUC was 0.808 (right) and 0.767 (left) with optimal sensitivity/specificity of 93.3%/57.1% (right) and 78.6%/68% (left).

Conclusion
Attenuation measured at VNC CT was moderately correlated with liver fat content and had > 90% specificity for diagnosis of fatty liver.

Graphical abstract
Clinically Relevant Late‐Onset Biliary Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Nagai Minako , Nakagawa Kenji , Nishiwada Satoshi , Terai Taichi , Hokuto Daisuke , Yasuda Satoshi , Matsuo Yasuko , Doi Shunsuke , Akahori Takahiro , Sho Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLate‐onset biliary complications (LBC) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) can be serious. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and risk factors of severe LBC after PD.MethodsWe defined LBC as biliary complications occurring 3 months after PD and severe LBC as cases that required intensive care. A total of 318 patients who underwent PD between 2010 and 2018 with at least 1 year of postoperative follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsHospitalization for severe LBC was required in 59 patients (19%), of whom 20 had liver abscesses (6.3%); 18, acute cholangitis (5.7%); 12, biliary stones (3.8%); and 21, biliary strictures (6.6%). Interventional radiological or endoscopic treatment was required in 32 patients (10%), of whom 9 had a benign primary disease with biliary stones and/or strictures. Thirteen of the remaining 23 patients with a malignant primary disease had liver abscesses and cholangitis. Significant independent risk factors for severe LBC in patients with malignant primary disease were recurrence around the hepaticojejunostomy (odds ratio 6.5, P = 0.013) and chemotherapy (odds ratio 13.5, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSevere LBC after PD may occur regardless of whether the primary disease is benign or malignant. The course of severe LBC differs according to the primary disease, and therefore, appropriate follow‐up and optimal treatment should be recommended according to the condition of the patient and the disease state.
Suture or Mesh Repair of the Smallest Umbilical Hernias: A Nationwide Database Study
Authors: Henriksen Nadia A. , Jensen Kristian Kiim , Bisgaard Thue , Helgstrand Frederik ,   the Danish Hernia Database
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesh is recommended for umbilical hernias with defects > 1 cm to reduce recurrence. For umbilical hernias with defect width ≤ 1 cm, the literature is sparse. The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to assess outcomes after suture and mesh repair of umbilical hernias with defect width ≤ 1 cm and to evaluate outcomes after onlay mesh repair specifically.MethodsBy merging data from the Danish Hernia Database and the National Patients Registry from 2007 to 2018, patients undergoing elective open repair of an umbilical hernia with defect width ≤ 1 cm were identified. Available data included details about comorbidity, surgical technique, 90‐day readmission, 90‐day reoperation and operation for recurrence.ResultsA total of 7849 patients were included, of whom 25.7% (2013/7849) underwent mesh repair. Reoperation for recurrence was significantly decreased after mesh repair 3.1% (95% C.I. 2.1–4.1) compared with suture repair 6.7% (95% C.I. 6.0–7.4), P < 0.001. Readmission and reoperation rates were significantly higher for mesh repair 7.9% (159/2013) and 2.6% (52/2013) than for suture repair 6.5% (381/5836) and 1.5% (89/5836), P = 0.036 and P = 0.002, respectively. Onlay mesh repairs had the lowest risk of recurrence 2.0% (95% C.I. 0.6–3.5), and readmission [7.9% (65/826)] and reoperation [3.9% (32/826)] rates within 90 days were comparable to suture repairs [6.5% (381/5836)] and [3.3% (192/5836)], P = 0.149 and P = 0.382, respectively.ConclusionsEven for the smallest umbilical hernias, mesh repair significantly decreased the recurrence rate. Onlay mesh repair was associated with lowest risk of recurrence without increasing early complications.
On the Motion of Gravity–Capillary Waves with Odd Viscosity
Authors: Granero-Belinchón Rafael , Ortega Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop three asymptotic models of surface waves in a non-Newtonian fluid with odd viscosity. This viscosity is also known as Hall viscosity and appears in a number of applications such as quantum Hall fluids or chiral active fluids. Besides the odd viscosity effects, these models capture both gravity and capillary forces up to quadratic interactions and take the form of nonlinear and nonlocal wave equations. Two of these models describe bidirectional waves, while the third PDE studies the case of unidirectional propagation. We also prove the well-posedness of these asymptotic models in spaces of analytic functions and in Sobolev spaces. Finally, we present a number of numerical simulations for the unidirectional model.
Sparse Approximation of Triangular Transports, Part I: The Finite-Dimensional Case
Authors: Zech Jakob , Marzouk Youssef 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor two probability measures$${\rho }$$ρand$${\pi }$$πwith analytic densities on thed-dimensional cube$$[-1,1]^d$$[-1,1]d, we investigate the approximation of the unique triangular monotone Knothe–Rosenblatt transport$$T:[-1,1]^d\rightarrow [-1,1]^d$$T:[-1,1]d→[-1,1]d, such that the pushforward$$T_\sharp {\rho }$$T♯ρequals$${\pi }$$π. It is shown that for$$d\in {{\mathbb {N}}}$$d∈Nthere exist approximations$${\tilde{T}}$$T~ofT, based on either sparse polynomial expansions or deep ReLU neural networks, such that the distance between$${\tilde{T}}_\sharp {\rho }$$T~♯ρand$${\pi }$$πdecreases exponentially. More precisely, we prove error bounds of the type$$\exp (-\beta N^{1/d})$$exp(-βN1/d)(or$$\exp (-\beta N^{1/(d+1)})$$exp(-βN1/(d+1))for neural networks), whereNrefers to the dimension of the ansatz space (or the size of the network) containing$${\tilde{T}}$$T~; the notion of distance comprises the Hellinger distance, the total variation distance, the Wasserstein distance and the Kullback–Leibler divergence. Our construction guarantees$${\tilde{T}}$$T~to be a monotone triangular bijective transport on the hypercube$$[-1,1]^d$$[-1,1]d. Analogous results hold for the inverse transport$$S=T^{-1}$$S=T-1. The proofs are constructive, and we give an explicita prioridescription of the ansatz space, which can be used for numerical implementations.
Sudden cardiac death while waiting: do we need the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator?
Authors: Israel Carsten , Staudacher Ingo , Leclercq Christophe , Botto Giovanni Luca , Scherr Daniel , Fach Andreas , Duru Firat , Zylla Maura M. , Katus Hugo A. , Thomas Dierk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most frequent cause of cardiovascular death in industrialized nations. Patients with cardiomyopathy are at increased risk for SCD and may benefit from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The risk of SCD is highest in the first months after myocardial infarction or first diagnosis of severe non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, left ventricular function may improve in a subset of patients to such an extent that an ICD might no longer be needed. To offer protection from a transient risk of SCD, the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is available. Results of the first randomized clinical trial investigating the role of the WCD after myocardial infarction were recently published. This review is intended to provide insight into data from the VEST trial, and to put these into perspective with studies and clinical experience. As a non-invasive, temporary therapy, the WCD may offer advantages over early ICD implantation. However, recent data demonstrate that patient compliance and education play a crucial role in this new concept of preventing SCD.
Analysis of microvascular and neurodegenerative complications of mild COVID-19
Authors: Kolkedi Zsofia , Csutak Adrienne , Szalai Eszter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To examine retinal and corneal neurodegenerative and retinal microvascular changes in patients after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 disease compared to age-matched controls.

Methods
Thirty-five (35) patients after PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and 28 age-matched controls were enrolled. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy were performed in both groups. Corneal subbasal nerve plexus was quantified. Vessel density for superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and structural OCT parameters were recorded.

Results
Significantly lower nerve branch density (P = 0.0004), nerve fiber area (P = 0.0001), nerve fiber density (P = 0.0009), nerve fiber length (P < 0.0001), and total nerve branch density (P = 0.002) values were observed in patients after COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. VD of the temporal SCP was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.019). No other SCP and DCP vessel density parameter differed significantly between the two groups.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that peripheral neurodegenerative changes may occur even after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. No relevant microvascular changes were seen with OCT angiography and structural OCT parameters did not show any signs of optic neuropathy in post-COVID patients. In vivo confocal microscopy seems to be an important tool in monitoring peripheral neuropathy in patients after COVID-19.
The impact of different forms of exercise on endothelial progenitor cells in healthy populations
Authors: Ferentinos Panagiotis , Tsakirides Costas , Swainson Michelle , Davison Adam , Martyn-St James Marrissa , Ispoglou Theocharis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCirculating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular healing and neovascularisation, while exercise is an effective means to mobilise EPCs into the circulation. Objectives: to systematically examine the acute and chronic effects of different forms of exercise on circulating EPCs in healthy populations. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed. Results: thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria including 747 participants aged 19 to 76 years. All included trials used flow cytometry for identification of circulating EPCs. Eight and five different EPC phenotypes were identified in the acute and chronic trials, respectively. In the acute trials, moderate intensity continuous (MICON), maximal, prolonged endurance, resistance and high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise protocols were utilised. Prolonged endurance and resistance exercise had the most profound effect on circulating EPCs followed by maximal exercise. In the chronic trials, MICON exercise, HIIT, HIIT compared to MICON and MICON compared to exergame (exercise modality based on an interactive video game) were identified. MICON exercise had a positive effect on circulating EPCs in older sedentary individuals which was accompanied by improvements in endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Long-stage HIIT (4 min bouts) appears to be an effective means and superior than MICON exercise in mobilising circulating EPCs. In conclusion, both in acute and chronic trials the degree of exercise-induced EPC mobilisation depends upon the exercise regime applied. In future, more research is warranted to examine the dose–response relationship of different exercise forms on circulating EPCs using standardised methodology and EPC phenotype.
Graphical abstract
Comparison of three obturator nerve block techniques for injectate spread into the obturator canal: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uchino Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Matsumoto Shigekiyo , Shingu Chihiro , Shin Toshitaka , Tomonari Kenichiro , Kitano Takaaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The obturator nerve branches into the obturator canal; therefore, local anesthetic spread into the obturator canal predicts the success of the obturator nerve block (ONB). We compared three ONB techniques for the spread of local anesthetic mixed with contrast medium into the obturator canal.

Methods
We performed the ONB using the classical pubic approach (PA), inguinal approach (IA), or ultrasound-guided methodologic approach (UMA) in 143 patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumors. The obturator nerve course and branching patterns of the UMA group were examined using ultrasound imaging. After injecting a local anesthetic mixed with a contrast medium, we evaluated its spread into the obturator canal using fluoroscopic imaging. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results
Success rate of obturator canal enhancement was the greatest in the UMA group (84%; P < 0.001); the PA (42.6%; 20/47 patients) and IA (47.8%; 22/46 patients) groups did not differ significantly (P = 1.000). Both branches of the obturator nerve passed above the superior margin of the external obturator muscle (EOM), and the obturator canal was enhanced in 13 of 50 (26%) patients in the UMA group. The posterior branch of the obturator nerve passed between the superior and main fasciculi of the EOM in 37 of 50 patients (74%) in the UMA group; the obturator canal was enhanced in 29 of these 37 patients (78%).

Conclusion
Local anesthetic spread into the obturator canal using the UMA was superior to that using the PA and IA. Both branches of the obturator nerve could be blocked using the UMA.
Heterotopic ossification in primary total hip arthroplasty: risk factor analysis
Authors: Aprato Alessandro , Cambursano Simone , Artiaco Stefano , Bevilacqua Stefano , Catalani Paolo , Massè Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Aim is to identify if age, sex, type of posterolateral approach (mini vs standard), surgical time and time from surgery to drainage removal were independent risk factors for heterotopic ossifications after total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and methods
Patients who underwent a THA with posterolateral approach during a 15 years period were included. The exclusion criteria were absence of X-rays follow-up or HO prophylaxis protocol adoption. The following data were collected: age, sex, type of approach (classical/minimal-invasive), surgical time, time from surgery to drainage removal. Two orthopedic surgeons independently reviewed the 2 years follow-up X-rays and classified the HO according to Brooker classification. Severe HO was defined if HO were classified as major than grade 2. Correlation between severe HO and risk factor has been tested with multivariable analysis.

Results
About 1225 patients were included: mean age of 63.8 years, 504 were men. HO were found in 67.6%. Men showed higher severe HO rate than woman (44.1% vs 29.1%, p = 0.001). Patients older than 65 years showed higher severe HO rate (30.3% vs 39.9%, p = 0.002). Standard posterolateral approach was performed in 75.4% and severe HO rate was 32.8% versus 27.1% in those treated with the minimally invasive approach (p = 0.067).
In 75.6% of cases surgery lasted less than 90 min and this group showed a severe HO rate in 29.1%, while patient with longer surgical time showed a rate of 35.7% (p = 0.033). In 47.4% of patients, the drainage was removed in the first post-operative day, in this group severe HO rate was significantly lower than the others: 24.8 versus 36.2% (p = 0.001).

Discussion
Male sex, age older than 65 years, surgical time longer than 90 min and delayed drainage removal are risk factors for severe HO. Patients with one or more of those risk factors should be identified as good candidates for HO prophylaxis.
Characterization of Joint Roughness Heterogeneity and Its Application in Representative Sample Investigations
Authors: Du Shi-Gui , Lin Hang , Yong Rui , Liu Guang-Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRock joint surface roughness is usually characterized by heterogeneity, but the determination of a required number of samples for achieving a reasonable heterogeneity assessment remains a challenge. In this paper, a novel method, the global search method, was proposed to investigate the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness. In this method, the roughness heterogeneity was characterized based on a statistical analysis of the roughness of all samples extracted from different locations of a given rock joint. Analyses of the effective sample number were conducted, which showed that sampling bias was caused by an inadequate number of samples. To overcome this drawback, a large natural slate joint sample (1000 mm × 1000 mm in size) was digitized in a laboratory using a high-accuracy laser scanner. The roughness heterogeneities of both two-dimensional (2D) profiles and three-dimensional (3D) surface topographies were systematically investigated. The results show that the expected value obtained from conventional methods failed to accurately represent the overall roughness. The relative errors between the population parameter and the expected value varied not only from sample to sample but also with the scale. The roughness heterogeneity characteristics of joint samples of various sizes can be obtained using the global search method. This new method could facilitate the determination of the most representative samples and their positions.