bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamics of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA) with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA/Gliolan©)
Authors: Ghani Imran , Patel Sabina , Bodi Istvan , Vergani Francesco , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Lavrador Jose Pedro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
5-ALA (Gliolan©) is a valuable surgical tool used predominantly in high grade tumours, which utilises tissue fluorescence to improve the visualisation of the brain-tumour interface. This ensures safe maximal resection, while preserving healthy brain. While Gliolan© use in low grade tumours has previously been reported with variable results, reports of its use and success in the context of SEGA are extremely rare. This report highlights the use of Gliolan© in a patient presenting with a Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (in a background of tuberous sclerosis), facilitating maximal safe resection and preserving eloquent tissue.

METHOD
Tumour resection was performed with pre-operative DTI-fiber tracking and mapping. A transsulcal minimal invasive parafascicular approach (tsMIPS) was carried out with assistance of NICO BrainPath© tubular retractor system (60x13.5), neuronaviagtion, Gliolan©, intra-operative neuro monitoring (IONM), and ultrasound guidance

RESULTS
The tumour was found to have both bright and pale fluorescence in the cystic and solid components respectively. Resection was limited to the soft cystic component only, as the solid tumour component showed anatomical attachment to the subgenual area and the fornix. No fluorescence was perceived at the end of resection. The patient made a good recovery with no post-operative deficits. Histopathology confirmed subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, WHO grade I). No adjuvant treatment was required

CONCLUSION
This reports suggests 5-ALA may be beneficial in the safe resection of SEGAs. Further studies and technological advances in the area of photodynamics, imaging, and intra-operative mapping may be helpful to fully evaluate the efficacy of 5-ALA in SEGAs and other low-grade tumours.
Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) Inhibition in Glioblastoma Using Novel Compounds
Authors: Rzepecka Klaudia , Lawrence Clare , Moualla Dima , Hayes Joseph , Alder Jane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
GSK3β is a constitutively conserved serine/threonine kinase involved in a number of biological processes including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. High expression levels in the brain make this kinase a potential target for treatment of neurological disorders. The aim was to investigate the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of four novel highly selective, type-II GSK3β inhibitors identified by in silico analysis of naturally occurring compounds.

METHOD
We demonstrate the effects on the cell viability of immortalised cell lines (grade 4 glioblastoma U87MG, foetal astrocytes SVGp12) and short-term glioblastoma patient derived cultures (PD301 and PD304). The compounds were incubated with cells for 24, 48 and 72h and then assayed for cell viability using MTS. The concentration of inhibitors was determined from previous IC50 experiments on purified GSK3β enzyme. The changes in activity status of GSK3β pre- and post-treatment were also determined using immunohistochemistry or Western Blotting.

RESULTS
Two of the compounds caused significant decrease in cell viability at 24h and 3uM as shown by decrease in viability of 20.5% relative to control. This decrease was larger in the glioma cell lines relative to the glial non-cancerous control (13%). Western blot analysis revealed that activating phosphorylation sites were detectable. More work is needed to determine if this is the mechanism by which reduction in cell viability occurs.

CONCLUSION
Two of the selected novel compounds have demonstrated ability to decrease glioblastoma cell viability. Future studies will include analysis of the compounds in relation to the BBB-glioma in vitro model.
A Retrospective Review of the Clinical Outcomes of Lung Cancer Patients Referred into the Regional Neuro-Oncology Pathway in 2020 in Merseyside, United Kingdom
Authors: Heseltine Jonathan , Corte Ana , Kennedy Oliver , Sharples Harry , Brodbelt Andrew , Mehta Shaveta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
The aim of this project was to review the outcomes of patients referred via our regional neuro-oncology pathway who received neurosurgery, SRS, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), chemotherapy (SACT) or best supportive care (BSC).

METHOD
All lung cancer patients discussed at our Neuro-Oncology MDT in 2020 were identified. Patient characteristics and outcomes were obtained from the regional lung and neuro-oncology MDT notes and electronic case notes from Clatterbridge Cancer Centre. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of diagnostic scan to death. The date of data cut-off was 15/10/2021.

RESULTS
Full datasets were available for 100 patients discussed at the Neuro-Oncology MDT. 65 were adenocarcinomas, 4 had ALK or EGFR mutations and 49 were synchronously presenting with brain metastases and lung cancer. At data cut-off 84 deaths had occurred. The median OS in days was calculated for surgery (207), SRS (360), surgery and cavity boost (298), SACT (249), WBRT (102) and BSC (60). A grouped comparison of SRS and surgery versus other interventions or best supportive care found a statistically significant advantage favouring SRS or surgery (Median OS 360 days, p=0.001). When comparing the synchronous versus asynchronous setting, the combined median OS of the neurosurgical, SRS or SACT cohorts was 276 versus 170 days but there was no difference in WBRT or BSC.

CONCLUSION
This real-world data details the number of lung cancer patients referred to and receiving neurosurgery or SRS via the Merseyside neuro-oncology MDT. This data supports pre-existing evidence that those who receive SRS or neurosurgery have a superior OS.
The Changing Landscape of Diffuse Low Grade Glioma (DLGG) Management in the West of Scotland: A Single Centres 10-Year Experience
Authors: Tilling Elliot , Lammy Simon , Bridgman Elsie , Johnson Hannah , Stan Alexandru , Taylor Aaron , Grivas Athanasios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Management strategies for patients diagnosed with diffuse low grade glioma (DLGG) remain controversial. Current evidence favours resection over biopsy. This has resulted in more aggressive intervention. We examined management trends in the West of Scotland over a 10 year period.

METHOD
Patients diagnosed with DLGG between 2010 and 2019 were included and grouped according to time of diagnosis: 1) 2010-2012, 2) 2013-2016 and 3) 2017-2019. Clinical characteristics, management and overall survival (OS) were investigated and comparatively analysed. Survival between resection and biopsy groups was also analysed.

RESULTS
84 patients were included (n=25 in Group 1, n=35 in Group 2 and n=24 in Group 3). Biopsy was less commonly performed in Group 2 (17%) and Group 3 (21%) compared to Group 1 (56%) p=0.014. The frequency of post-operative seizures: G1: n=3 (12%), G2: n=1 (2.9%), G3: n=2 (8.3%) (p=0.385) and focal neurological deficit: G1: n=4 (16%), G2: n=8 (22.9%), G3: n=6 (25) (p=0.718) and mean length of stay (LoS) in days: G1: 7.7, G2: 8.8, G3: 7.4 (p = 0.548) were similar across the groups. Survival analysis revealed no significant difference between groups: G1 52%, G2 69%, G3 75% (p=0.172). Patients managed by resection (n=58) versus biopsy (n = 26) observed improved survival (resection OS 70% compared to biopsy OS 39% (p= 0.005)).

CONCLUSION
Resection results in improved survival over biopsy. This has resulted in an institutional change over time. But no significant difference was observed in OS between different time periods.
Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme at Progression or Recurrence: A Service Evaluation
Authors: Quarrell Thomas Matthew , Millar Zack , Doherty Gary , Jena Rajesh , Harris Fiona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
After initial treatment, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) invariably reoccurs or progresses. When this happens, there is no established standard of care and treatment choice is made on a case-by-case basis. In our service, there is a multidisciplinary approach to progression, with oncologists and surgeons cooperating closely. This means that our cohort is ideal for studying treatment at progression.

METHOD
We performed a retrospective cohort service evaluation on patients diagnosed with isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype GBM over a 4-year, 5-month period. We focused on patients who had received Stupp regimen treatment. Analysis was though a cox-proportional hazard model with multiple imputation analysis for missing data when appropriate.

RESULTS
The variable most strongly correlated with the treatment chosen at progression was patient performance status (Kruskal Wallis chi-squared = 22.804, p=0.00014). Some variables, such as age at progression or initial surgical management, were unexpectedly not correlated with the chosen treatment. Of the possible treatments at progression, only surgical management approached borderline significance for increasing survival relative to best supportive care (p=0.06). Performance status had at most a moderate, non-significant impact upon survival post-progression. The MGMT methylation status of the tumour emerged as a powerful predictor of survival post-progression (p=0.01).

CONCLUSION
A range of variables are correlated with which treatment is chosen at progression, but they do not always relate to the post-progression survival. Of all treatments, we can only demonstrate surgical management as having an impact upon survival, suggesting a more moderate effect of medical therapies relative to best supportive care.
Coping Better Together
Authors: Rodway Alison 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Coping Better Together is a patient education course that is offered by The Walton Centre for brain tumour patients following surgery. The diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours impacts patients and families long past the time of diagnosis, surgery and adjuvant treatment. The Coping Better Together Course recognises the impact on health and wellbeing and aims to equip patients and families with information, strategies and resources that improve quality of life.

METHOD
The course comprises of education sessions from a wide range of health care professionals, consultants, clinical nurse specialists and allied health care professionals. It provides opportunity for networking allowing patients and families to meet with others facing similar difficulties. Prior to the impact of the Covid pandemic this course was run off site and solely in person. The impact of Covid has brought the course within The Walton Centre allowing for both face to face attendance and virtual access, thus making it more accessible.

RESULTS
Feedback from the day is highly favourable and valued by those who attend. Patients and families report that they receive valuable information and go away better equipped in dealing with both symptoms and living with the effects of their diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
This in house CNS led patient education course has an impact on quality of life and improves patient experience. The course provides a framework that can be easily utilised, followed and adapted by other healthy care professionals in providing education and support to brain tumour patients and their families.
Impact of Tubular Retractor-Assisted Transsulcal Minimal Invasive Parafascicular Approach for Deep-Seated Lesions in Cortical Vascularization
Authors: de la Fuente Pablo , Rajwani Kapil , Price Sally Ann , Vergani Francesco , Ashkan Keyoumars , Gullan Richard , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Lavrador Jose Pedro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Assess the impact of tubular retractor-assisted transsulcal minimal invasive parafascicular approaches(tsMIPS) in the cortical vascularization using indocianin green angiography(ICGA) during removal of deep-seated cerebral tumours.

METHOD
Single-centre prospective cohort study of patients with deep-seated lesions – distance to nearest sulcus &gt; 10mm - where ICGA was performed. Zeiss FLOW800 Software was used to analyse the following variables - delay time, speed, time to peak and rise time - before and after insertion of the tubular retractor (NICO BrainPath).

RESULTS
13 patients were enrolled. 60 regions-of-interest were analysed. The most common pathology was high grade glioma (69%). The average depth of tumours was 34,2mm (23– 45mm) and the time-under-retraction 166mins (45-280 mins). The most common vascular pattern before-after tubular retractor was: increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time (present in 8 patients) and a decrease on the speed (present in 7 patients). Two patients had a mayor neurological deficit after the surgery. Both had the same flow pattern with an increase on the speed and decrease on the time to peak and rise time, the delay was indifference.

CONCLUSION
This is the first study assessing the impact of tubular retractor-assisted tsMIPS in cortical vascularization during deep-seated lesion resection. The most common cortical vascular pattern is: an increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time and a decrease on the speed. The two patients who presented vascular injury shared the same pattern (increase on the speed, decrease on the time to peak and rise time, with indifference delay).
Prolonged Transfusion-Dependent Temozolomide-Induced Thrombocytopaenia in Glioblastoma: Risk Factors Remain Elusive
Authors: Ismail Nashwah , Patel Karan , Colaco Rovel , Borst Gerben , Milanovic Dusan , McBain Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Temozolomide-induced thrombocytopaenia is well-recognised; clinical-course varies widely. Aims: To identify risk factors for prolonged thrombocytopaenia; improve patient-care; inform trial design.

METHOD
Glioblastoma (GBM) patients requiring platelet transfusion were identified. (Local policy: transfuse when plt count ≤ 30 x 109/L). Inclusion criteria: First-line-standard-of-care temozolomide-chemo-radiotherapy (TMZ-CRT). Case-notes reviewed for demographics, blood-counts, radiotherapy and treatment parameters. Thrombocytopaenia grading: CTCAE V5. Date of onset measured from start of TMZ-CRT to date of platelets &lt; 100 x 109/L, and to date of first instance of ≥ grade 3 thrombocytopaenia. Thrombocytopaenia duration: time to platelet count recovery to ≥ 100x109/L.

RESULTS
Between 2017-2021, 69 patients required platelet transfusion; 68/69 identified on routine monitoring. 49 patients were analysed (6:no CRT; 5:trial study drug; 7:≥ 2nd line treatment; 2:inadequate data). Median age: 59 (range 25-73); 61% female. First incidence of thrombocytopaenia during concurrent TMZ-CRT: 27/49 patients; during adjuvant TMZ in 22/49 (13/22 following 6-week-TMZ-CRT, 9/22 following 3-week-TMZ-CRT). In concurrent patients, median time to thrombocytopaenia: 33 days (range 23-38); median duration: 44 days (range 20-105; 5 not recovered); number of transfusions: 1-2:9 pts; 3-4:6pts; 5-7:3pts; 8-10:7pts; &gt;10:2pts. Of 22 adjuvant patients transfused, 8/22 developed ≥G3 thrombocytopaenia post-cycle-2; 19/22 resolved after 1 or 2 transfusions. Thrombocyopaenia was associated with ≥G3 neutropaenia in 11% of patients requiring &lt;5 transfusions vs 75% requiring ≥ 5. Comparison of &lt; 5 vs ≥ 5 transfusion-patients did not identify differences in any demographic or treatment parameters.

CONCLUSION
Risk factors for prolonged TMZ-induced thrombocytopenia vs swiftly-resolving thrombocytopaenia remain elusive. This needs to be reflected in consent processes and in design of clinical trials.
Introduction
Authors: Mintz Alex , Terris Lesley G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Behavioral political science (BPS) is a new approach to political science that is rooted in the belief that concepts, models, and research approaches from different disciplines (such as psychology, economics, communication) can deepen one’s understanding of political behavior and political decision-making (Mintz et al 2021). In recent years, a significant body of literature based in the behavioral approach has emerged, enriching the ways by which a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors impact actors’ thinking processes and behavior choices in different strategic, political, and other social settings. This introduction discusses the BPS approach and the ability of behavioral-oriented research to explain many of the phenomena that deviate from the traditional rational choice models that have dominated the field for decades. It presents the chapters included in the four sections of the handbook: bounded rationality and heuristics, theoretical approaches, attitudes, and BPS research methods.
Preclinical Study of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a 3-Dimensional Manufacturing Setting for Enhancing Spinal Fusion
Authors: Cho Sumin , Choi Hyemin , Jeong Hyundoo , Kwon Su Yeon , Roh Eun Ji , Jeong Kwang-Hun , Baek Inho , Kim Byoung Ju , Lee Soo-Hong , Han Inbo , Cha Jae Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spinal fusion surgery is a surgical technique that connects one or more vertebrae at the same time to prevent movement between the vertebrae. Although synthetic bone substitutes or osteogenesis-inducing recombinant proteins were introduced to promote bone union, the rate of revision surgery is still high due to pseudarthrosis. To promote successful fusion after surgery, stem cells with or without biomaterials were introduced; however, conventional 2D-culture environments have resulted in a considerable loss of the innate therapeutic properties of stem cells. Therefore, we conducted a preclinical study applying 3D-spheroids of human bone marrow-dewrived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a mouse spinal fusion model. First, we built a large-scale manufacturing platform for MSC spheroids, which is applicable to good manufacturing practice (GMP). Comprehensive biomolecular examinations, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics could suggest a framework of quality control (QC) standards for the MSC spheroid product regarding the identity, purity, viability, and potency. In our animal study, the mass-produced and quality-controlled MSC spheroids, either undifferentiated or osteogenically differentiated were well-integrated into decorticated bone of the lumbar spine, and efficiently improved angiogenesis, bone regeneration, and mechanical stability with statistical significance compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. This study proposes a GMP-applicable bioprocessing platform and QC directions of MSC spheroids aiming for their clinical application in spinal fusion surgery as a new bone graft substitute.
Technical insights into fluorescence lifetime microscopy of mechanosensitive Flipper probes
Authors: Roffay Chloé , García-Arcos Juan Manuel , Chapuis Pierrik , López-Andarias Javier , Schneider Falk , Colom Adai , Tomba Caterina , Meglio Ilaria Di , Dunsing Valentin , Matile Stefan , Roux Aurélien , Mercier Vincent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeasuring forces within living cells remains a technical challenge. We developed hydrophobic mechanosensing fluorescent probes called Flippers, whose fluorescence lifetime depends on lipid packing and can report on membrane tension. Here, we describe technical optimization of the probe imaging, and diverse characterizations in various biological and in vitro systems. We provide a guideline to measure biophysical parameters of cellular membranes by FLIM microscopy with Flipper probes, providing evidences that flippers can report long range forces in cells, tissues and organsi.
Heterogeneous distribution of sex ratio distorters in natural populations of the isopodArmadillidium vulgare
Authors: Durand Sylvine , Lheraud Baptiste , Giraud Isabelle , Bech Nicolas , Grandjean Frédéric , Rigaud Thierry , Peccoud Jean , Cordaux Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the isopodArmadillidium vulgare, many females produce progenies with female-biased sex ratios, due to two feminizing sex ratio distorters (SRD):Wolbachiaendosymbionts and thefelement. We investigated the distribution and population dynamics of these SRD and mitochondrial DNA variation in 16 populations from Europe and Japan. Confirming and extending results from the 1990’s, we found that the SRD are present at variable frequencies in populations, and that thefelement is overall more frequent thanWolbachia. The two SRD never co-occur at high frequency in any population, suggesting an apparent mutual exclusion. We also detectedWolbachiaor thefelement in some males, which likely reflects insufficient titer to induce feminization or presence of masculinizing alleles. Our results are consistent with a single integration event of aWolbachiagenome in theA. vulgaregenome at the origin of thefelement, which contradicts an earlier hypothesis of frequent losses and gains. We identified strong linkage betweenWolbachiastrains and mitochondrial haplotypes, but no association between thefelement and mitochondrial background. Our results open new perspectives on SRD evolutionary dynamics inA. vulgare, the evolution of genetic conflicts and their impact on the variability of sex determination systems.
Drivers and implications of the extreme 2022 wildfire season in Southwest Europe
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Cunill Camprubí Àngel , Balaguer-Romano Rodrigo , Ruffault Julien , Fernandes Paulo M , de Dios Víctor Resco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildfire is a common phenomenon in Mediterranean countries but the 2022 fire season has been extreme in southwest Europe (Portugal, Spain and France). Burned area has exceeded the 2001-2021 median by a factor of 52 in some regions and large wildfires started to occur in June-July, earlier than the traditional fire season. These anomalies were associated with record-breaking values of fuel dryness, atmospheric water demand and pyrometeorological conditions. For instance, live fuel moisture content was below the historical minima for almost 50% of the season in some regions. Wildfire impacts are primarily social and economical in these fire-prone landscapes, but they may prompt large-scale degradation if this anomaly becomes more common under climate change, as is expected. As climate changes intensify, we can expect this to become the new normal in large parts of the continent. Climate change is already here and delaying fuel management will only worsen the wildfire problem. Here we provide a preliminary though comprehensive analysis of 2022’s wildfire season in southwest Europe (Portugal, France and Spain).