bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Separator Modified with Rutile Titania and Three‐Dimensional Interconnected Graphene‐Like Carbon for Advanced Li−S Batteries
Authors: Xia Shuang , Huang Wen , Yan Wenqi , Yuan Xinhai , Chen Xi , Liu Lili , Fu Lijun , Zhu Yusong , Huang Qinhong , Wu Yuping , van Ree Teunis , Holze Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs an advanced energy‐storage system, Li−S batteries have attracted much attention, but there is still a series of problems hindering their commercialization, such as the ‘shuttle effect’ and corrosion of lithium anodes. To alleviate these two important problems simultaneously, we modified the separators with spherical rutile TiO2 with oxygen vacancies (abbreviated OT) and three‐dimensional interconnected graphene‐like carbon (abbreviated GC) for advanced Li−S batteries to improve the electrochemical performance. The modified separators (abbreviation OTCD) have low charge transfer impedance, a catalytic effect on polysulfides, and a barrier effect on polysulfides, which can suppress the ‘shuttle effect’ and prevents the corrosion of lithium anodes in Li−S batteries. The as‐prepared Li−S batteries show good cycling stability for 250 cycles with 0.048 % capacity decay per cycle at 1 C. Moreover, the SEM images of lithium anodes after 50 cycles showed that the lithium anodes were uncorroded. This work provides a practical and effective reference for the advanced Li−S batteries.
Metal‐Free Photochemical Olefin Isomerization of Unsaturated Ketones via 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Phatake Ravindra S. , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe photochemical isomerization of α,β‐ to β,γ‐unsaturated ketones through a 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer mechanism under mild conditions with high efficiency and selectivity is reported. The reaction is carried out in the absence of metal catalysts or other additives, and its stereoselectivity can be tuned by selecting appropriate solvent mixtures. The reaction‘s scope and tolerance towards functional groups, including light‐sensitive halogens, free acids and alcohols, were studied, providing reliable access to a wide variety of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones. This methodology details the deconjugation of a wide range of unsaturated ketones and, when combined with olefin metathesis, provides an efficient process for either dehomologation or one‐carbon double‐bond migration of terminal alkenes.
3‐Dimensional Scanning of Entire Unit Cells in Single Nanoparticles.
Authors: Heo Junyoung , Kang Dohun , Kim Sungin , Chun Hoje , Han Byungchan , Hyo Kim Byung , Park Jungwon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProperties of nanomaterials such as optical, electrical, and chemical properties are strongly correlated with lattice symmetry, making characterization of lattice symmetry essential. We introduce a symmetry analysis method using 3D atomic coordinates obtained by Brownian one‐particle 3D reconstruction. The method allows direct and quantitative analysis of symmetrical properties and delivers local structural characteristics of individual platinum (Pt) nanoparticles in unit‐cell level. Local structural deformations of the Pt nanoparticles such as lattice distortion and internal symmetry breakage are demonstrated, revealing that the crystal structure of sub‐3 nm Pt nanoparticles generally maintains FCC crystallinity and exhibits localized deviation from their bulk counterpart.
ON/OFF Spiroconjugation through Peripheral Functionalization: Impact on the Reactivity and Chiroptical Properties of Spirobifluorenes
Authors: Ozcelik Ani , Aranda Daniel , Pereira‐Cameselle Raquel , Talavera María , Covelo Berta , Santoro Fabrizio , Peña‐Gallego Ángeles , Alonso‐Gómez J. Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpirobifluorenes are an important class of spiro compounds frequently used in the field of organic electronics. However, harnessing spiroconjugation to obtain high‐performance in such structural motifs remains unexplored. We herein propose that peripheral functionalization may serve as a useful tool to control spiroconjugation in an ON/OFF manner on both chemical reactivity and photophysical properties. In particular, the ratio of mono‐ and di‐functionalized spirobifluorenes found experimentally during their synthesis were found to be 3/2, 7/2, and 12/2 for phenyl, nitro‐phenyl and amino‐phenyl analogues, respectively. These remarkable reactivity differences correlate with the spiroconjugation character evaluated theoretically at the CAM‐B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, comparison of experimental and predicted optical and chiroptical responses shows that spiroconjugated molecular orbitals have a significant or negligible involvement on the main electronic transitions depending on the peripheral functionality of the spirobifluorene.
A novel congestion control approach for optimal routing in Wireless Adhoc Networks
Authors: S Kanthimathi , Prathuri Jhansi Rani 
Published: March 2022

SummaryCongestion is a demanding issue in WANET owing to dynamic routing and resource constraints. Congestion controlling (CC) is a huge concern in attaining equality among e2e flow control and optimal utilization of network resources. In WANET, with distributed resources, if numerous senders compete for a similar bandwidth link, the data rates should be adjusted to avoid network overload that leads to compromises in QoS. This paper introduces a new routing approach with CC model that deployed MAODV for WANETs. Initially, the destination and source nodes are initialized, and subsequently, the MAODV find out the various routing path. Consequently, SGD‐DLNN recognizes all nodes' congestion status in revealed paths. Further, the MAODV assigns traffic in optimal congestion‐less paths if congestion occurs. Here, the black widow‐mutated cat swarm (BWM‐CS) model is deployed to choose the optimal paths based on traffic load density, life span of path, traffic load, remaining energy, link cost, and path distance. Eventually, the advantage of the suggested model is proven.
A mixed‐studies systematic review of the experiences of body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Schneider Jekaterina , Pegram Georgina , Gibson Benjamin , Talamonti Deborah , Tinoco Aline , Craddock Nadia , Matheson Emily , Forshaw Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review assessed the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated restrictions on body image, disordered eating (DE), and eating disorder outcomes.MethodsAfter registration on PROSPERO, a search was conducted for papers published between December 1, 2019 and August 1, 2021, using the databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL Plus, AMED, MEDLINE, ERIC, EMBASE, Wiley, and ProQuest (dissertations and theses).ResultsData from 75 qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies were synthesized using a convergent integrated approach and presented narratively within four themes: (1) disruptions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) variability in the improvement or exacerbation of symptoms; (3) factors associated with body image and DE outcomes; (4) unique challenges for marginalized and underrepresented groups. Disruptions due to the pandemic included social and functional restrictions. Although most studies reported a worsening of concerns, some participants also reported symptom improvement or no change as a result of the pandemic. Factors associated with worse outcomes included psychological, individual, social, and eating disorder‐related variables. Individuals identifying as LGBTQ+ reported unique concerns during COVID‐19.DiscussionThere is large variability in individuals' responses to COVID‐19 and limited research exploring the effect of the pandemic on body image, DE, and eating disorder outcomes using longitudinal and experimental study designs. In addition, further research is required to investigate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on body image and eating concerns among minoritized, racialized, underrepresented, or otherwise marginalized participants. Based on the findings of this review, we make recommendations for individuals, researchers, clinicians, and public health messaging.Public SignificanceThis review of 75 studies highlights the widespread negative impacts that the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had on body image and disordered eating outcomes. It also identifies considerable variations in both the improvement and exacerbation of said outcomes that individuals, researchers, clinicians, and other public health professionals should be mindful of if we are to ensure that vulnerable people get the tailored support they require.
Tree biomass allocation differs by mycorrhizal association
Authors: Jevon Fiona V. , Lang Ashley K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTree biomass allocation to leaves, roots, and wood affects the residence time of carbon in forests, with potentially dramatic implications for ecosystem carbon storage. However, drivers of tree biomass allocation remain poorly quantified. Using a combination of global data sets, we tested the relative importance of climate, leaf habit, and tree mycorrhizal associations on biomass allocation. We show that trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi allocate roughly 4% more of their biomass to root tissue than trees that associate with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Further, the effect of mycorrhizal association on root biomass allocation was greater than that of climate and similar in magnitude to that of leaf habit (evergreen vs. deciduous). These patterns in whole‐plant biomass allocation are likely due to differences in carbon investment toward root versus fungal tissues, where trees with AM fungi favor root production while trees with ECM fungi favor fungal tissue production. These results suggest that considering tree mycorrhizal associations could improve our understanding of ecosystem carbon storage in terrestrial biosphere models: specifically, that greater within‐tree allocation to root biomass in AM‐associated tree species may contribute to stable soil carbon pools in forests dominated by AM fungi.
Small herbivores with big impacts: Tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus) alter post‐fire ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Steketee Jess K. , Rocha Adrian V. , Gough Laura , Griffin Kevin L. , Klupar Ian , An Ruby , Williamson Nicole , Rowe Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFire is an important ecological disturbance that can reset ecosystems and initiate changes in plant community composition, ecosystem biogeochemistry, and primary productivity. As herbivores rely on primary producers for food, changes in vegetation may alter plant–herbivore interactions with important—but often unexplored—feedbacks to ecosystems. Here we examined the impact of post‐fire changes in plant community composition and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaskan tundra. In moist acidic tundra where the fire occurred, tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus) are the dominant herbivore and rely on the tussock forming sedge Eriophorum vaginatum for both food and nesting material. Tundra voles were 10 times more abundant at the burned site compared with nearby unburned tundra 7‐12 years after the fire. Fire increased the habitat suitability for voles by increasing plant productivity and biomass, food quality, and cover through both taller vegetation and increased microtopography. As a result of elevated vole abundance, Eriophorum mortality caused by vole herbivory was two orders of magnitude higher than natural mortality and approached the magnitude of the mortality rate resulting directly from the fire. These findings suggest that post‐fire increases in herbivore pressure on Eriophorum could, in turn, disrupt graminoid recovery and enhance shrub encroachment. Tundra state transitions from graminoid to shrub dominated are also evident following other disturbances and fertilization experiments, suggesting that as Arctic temperatures rise, greater available nutrients and increased frequencies of large‐scale disturbances may also alter plant–animal interactions with cascading impacts on plant communities and ecosystem function.
Impact of bridging with left ventricular assist device on right ventricular function following heart transplantation
Authors: Ingvarsson Annika , Gjesdal Grunde , Borgenvik Saeideh , Werther Evaldsson Anna , Waktare Johan , Braun Oscar , Smith Gustav J. , Roijer Anders , Rådegran Göran , Meurling Carl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsPatients awaiting orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) can be bridged utilizing a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) that reduces left ventricular filling pressures, decreases pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and maintains adequate cardiac output. This study set out to examine the poorly investigated area of if and how pre‐treatment with LVAD impacts right ventricular (RV) function following OHT.Methods and resultsWe prospectively evaluated 59 (LVAD n = 20) consecutive OHT patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in conjunction with right heart catheterization (RHC) at 1, 6, and 12 months after OHT. RV function TTE‐parameters included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic tissue velocity (S′), fractional area change, two‐dimensional RV global longitudinal strain and longitudinal strain from the RV lateral wall (RVfree). At 1 month after OHT, the LVAD group had significantly better longitudinal RV function than the non‐LVAD group: TAPSE (15 ± 3 mm vs. 12 ± 2 mm, P < 0.001), RV global longitudinal strain (−19.8 ± 2.1% vs. −14.3 ± 2.8%, P < 0.001), and RVfree (−19.8 ± 2.3% vs. −14.1 ± 2.9%, P < 0.001). At this time point, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was also lower [1.2 ± 0.4 Wood Units (WU) vs. 1.6 ± 0.6 WU, P < 0.05] in the LVAD group compared with the non‐LVAD group. At 6 and 12 months, no difference was detected in any of the TTE and RHC measured parameters between the two groups. Between 1 and 12 months, all parameters of RV function improved significantly in the non‐LVAD group but remained unaltered in the LVAD group.ConclusionsOur results indicate that pre‐treatment with LVAD decreases PVR and is associated with significantly better RV function early following OHT. During the first year following transplantation, RV function progressively improved in the non‐LVAD group such that at 6 and 12 months, no difference in RV function was detected between the groups.
Haemodynamic changes of interatrial shunting devices for heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Tieci , Li Min , Fan Fangfang , Qiu Lin , Wang Zhi , Weng Haoyu , Shang Xiaoke , Zhang Changdong , Ma Wei , Zhang Yan , Huo Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety, primarily in relation to the haemodynamic effects, of interatrial shunting devices (ISD) for the treatment of heart failure (HF), we conducted a systematic review and a meta‐analysis.Methods and resultsWe used the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases to identify clinical studies (published to 4 August 2021) that evaluated the effect of ISD on HF. The primary endpoint was defined as changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Secondary endpoints included (i) other haemodynamic indexes, including cardiac output (CO), right atrial pressure (RAP), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) by right heart catheterization, and (ii) change from baseline in 6 min walk distance (6MWD). After a literature search and detailed evaluation, six trials enrolling a total of 203 individuals were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that after ISD implantation, PCWP decreased by a mean 3.10 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) −4.56 to −1.64; I2 = 0%; P < 0.0001]. Overall, CO increased by 0.77 L/min (95% CI 0.02 to 1.52; P = 0.04; I2 = 82%), but there were no significant changes in RAP or mPAP. The mean 6MWD increased by 32.33 m (95% CI 10.74 to 53.92; P = 0.003; I2 = 0) after ISD implantation.ConclusionsInteratrial shunting device can effectively reduce PCWP, increase CO and 6MWD, and has no obvious adverse effects on the right heart and pulmonary pressure. Studies with larger sample size and longer follow‐up time are needed for further verification.
Fulminant myocarditis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor: a case report and possible treatment inspiration
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Fan Yiming , Guo Jun , Bian Ning , Chen Dongdong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a new hope for many patients with advanced cancer by blocking tumour immune evasion. However, with the widespread use of ICIs, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have also been discovered and reported increasingly. Immune‐related myocarditis, the most dangerous one of irAEs, still has high mortality in the context of the current treatment. We report the case of a 60‐year‐old female with fulminant myocarditis induced by ICIs, which caused her to experience frequent ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and heart failure. She was successfully treated with current mainstream therapies for immune‐related myocarditis and additional treatment of sacubitril–valsartan and dapagliflozin. The intriguing observation that the patient condition recovered relatively rapidly in this case shows a possible treatment inspiration, which may be helpful for treating ICIs‐associated myocarditis and improving cancer patients' clinical prognosis.
Straightforward Syntheses of Phytoprostanes and Dihomo‐phytoprostanes‐Non‐enzymatic Metabolites of γ‐Linolenic, Dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and Stearidonic Acids
Authors: Fischer Pauline , Bultel‐Poncé Valérie , Guy Alexandre , Gonzales Ilyana , Conde Pierre‐Alexis , Galano Jean‐Marie , Durand Thierry , Oger Camille 
Published: March 2022

Abstractγ‐Linolenic (GLA; C18 : 3 n‐6), dihomo‐γ‐linolenic (DGLA; C20 : 3 n‐6) and stearidonic (SDA; C18 : 4 n‐3) acids are found in several botanic and marine oils and are sustainable sources of omega‐6 and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). During oxidative stress (pollution, UV, hydric or nutrient stress), lipid peroxidation occurred to produce non‐enzymatic oxylipins named phytoprostanes (PhytoPs). We report herein the first syntheses of six non‐enzymatic PUFA metabolites originated from GLA, DGLA and SDA peroxidation. Our syntheses follow a straightforward synthetic pathway from enantiopure common intermediates (lactol or monoacetates), further used Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons and Wittig reactions to set up the side chains, and Corey‐Bakshi‐Shibata enantioselective reduction. Our strategy once again proved to be highly efficient as the compounds were obtained after only 4 to 12 consecutive steps, starting from previously prepared intermediates, and in a range from 6.5 to 41.5 % yield.
Efficient Synthesis of Azido Sugars Using Fluorosulfuryl Azide Diazotransfer Reagent**
Authors: Kofsky Joshua M. , Daskhan Gour C. , Macauley Matthew S. , Capicciotti Chantelle J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAzide‐containing sugars are important tools for the synthesis of biologically relevant 1,2‐cis glycosides and for bioconjugation chemistry. Previous strategies to install a non‐participating C2‐azido functionality use harsh conditions and long reaction times. Herein, we report the synthesis of azido sugars using fluorosulfuryl azide (FSO2N3; 1) with a Cu(II) catalyst as a safe and efficient diazotransfer reagent. Common hexosamine substrates were converted to 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy sugars in less than 5 minutes in quantitative yield. Glycosyl donors with orthogonal protecting groups were readily prepared from these azido sugars with good overall yield and a single column purification. The diazotransfer protocol was also efficiently applied to other amino sugar derivatives, including aminoglycosides, substrates with amine‐containing linkers, and it is orthogonal to O‐sulfation. This optimized method will expand access to important non‐participating C2‐azido protecting groups and other azido sugar derivatives.
The application of nonthermal plasma in methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Farahani Majid D. , Zeng Yimin , Zheng Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCH3OH is an energy carrier that can be generated from renewable resources and be used as a fuel in fuel cells and internal combustion engines and a platform chemical for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals or gasoline. Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation is one of the widely researched methods to generate methanol. The traditional CO2 hydrogenation reaction method (requires high H2 pressure and temperatures) has attracted considerable attention. However, the new emerging field of catalysis referred to as nonthermal plasma (NTP) catalysis has also been developed extensively for methane reforming and CO2 hydrogenation to methane and CO. The plasma‐assisted approach not only presents remarkable advantages, such as room temperature and atmospheric H2 pressure but also has great potential to be powered by renewable electricity in a flexible way since it can be easily switched on/off. In this account, we review the recent articles published on methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 using NTP. We reviewed and discussed the mechanism of this reaction under NTP, the modification of the reactor configurations, and the rationale behind the catalyst design. In the end, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each of these works and the future perspectives of this interesting privileged reaction. We believe this review is of interest to researchers active in sustainable heterogeneous catalysis.
Polyethylene–Water and Polydimethylsiloxane–Water Partition Coefficients for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Influence of Polymer Source and Proposed Best Available Values
Authors: Jonker Michiel T. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For most passive sampling applications, the availability of accurate passive sampler–water partition coefficients (Kp-w) is of key importance. Unfortunately, a huge variability exists in literature Kp-w values, in particular for hydrophobic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This variability is a major source of concern in the passive sampling community, which would benefit from high-quality Kp-w data. Hence, in the present study “best available” PAH and PCB Kp-w values are proposed for the two most often applied passive sampling materials, that is, low-density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), based on (1) a critical assessment of existing literature data, and (2) new Kp-w determinations for polyethylene and PDMS, with both polymers coming in six different versions (suppliers, thicknesses). The experimental results indicated that Kp-w values for PDMS are independent of the source, thus allowing straightforward standardization. In contrast, Kp-w values for polyethylene from different sources differed by up to 30%. Defining best available Kp-w values for this polymer therefore may require standardization of the polymer source. Application of the proposed best available Kp-w values will substantially improve the accuracy of freely dissolved concentration results by users and the potential for comparisons across laboratories. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1370–1380. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.