bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections
Authors: Zhou Wenliang , Wang Meng , Ma Yingjie , Wang Le , Hu Yibo , Wei Fuwen , Nie Yonggang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Indirect interactions between individual solitary mammals, such as the giant panda, are often overlooked because of their nature, yet are important for maintaining the necessary sociality in solitary species.

Methods and results
Here, we determined the genetic identity of all giant panda individuals in a local population and matched these identities with their associations to determine social network of this solitary animal. Total thirty-five giant panda individuals were found in our field survey, and we constructed genetic and social networks for thirty-three individuals who successfully obtained genetic, age and sex information. The results showed that sex had great impact on both social network and genetic network, and age may have the potential to influence the social network of the giant pandas. Adult males, mostly in the central of the social network, which appeared significantly larger network connections than adult females. Due to the female-biased dispersal pattern of wild giant pandas, male-male pairs showed higher relatedness than female-female ones and multi-generational patrilinear assemblages are expected in the study area.

Conclusions
The relatedness of individuals has an influence on the formation of community social structure of giant pandas, and indirect interactions among solitary giant pandas potentially function to reduce competition for resources and inbreeding.
Activity patterns throughout the annual cycle in a long-distance migratory songbird, the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio
Authors: Macías-Torres Pablo , Alerstam Thomas , Andersson Arne , Bäckman Johan , Thorup Kasper , Tøttrup Anders P. , Sjöberg Sissel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-distance migratory birds undergo complex annual cycles during which they must adjust their behaviour according to the needs and conditions encountered throughout the year. Yet, variation in activity throughout the entire annual cycle has rarely been studied in wild migratory birds.

Methods
We used multisensor data loggers to evaluate the patterns of activity throughout the complete annual cycle of a long-distance migratory bird, the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio. Accelerometer data was used to identify life-history stages and to estimate levels of activity during various phases of the annual cycle. In this study, we analysed the variation in daytime activity along the annual cycle and between migratory and non-migratory days.

Results
The birds’ daytime activity varied throughout the annual cycle while night-time activity was almost exclusively restricted to migratory flights. The highest daytime activity levels were observed during the breeding season, while it remained low during autumn migration and the winter period. Daytime activity differed between sexes during the breeding period, when the males showed the highest level in activity. During migratory periods, both sexes exhibited a higher daytime activity in spring compared to autumn migration, being particularly high in the final migratory leg towards the breeding ground. The birds showed a lower daytime activity on migratory days (days when a migratory flight took place during the succeeding night) than on non-migratory days during both migratory seasons.

Conclusions
Activity measured during daytime results from a combination of several behaviours, and a high daytime activity during spring migration and the breeding period is possibly reflecting particularly energy-demanding periods in the annual cycle of migratory birds. The use of multisensor data loggers to track annual activity provides us with a full annual perspective on variation in activity in long-distance migratory species, an essential approach for understanding possible critical life-history stages and migration ecology.
Wet anisotropic etching characteristics of Si{111} in NaOH-based solution for silicon bulk micromachining
Authors: Purohit S. , Swarnalatha V. , Pandey A. K. , Pal P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSilicon bulk micromachining is extensively employed method in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for the formation of freestanding (e.g., cantilevers) and fixed (e.g., cavities) microstructures. Wet anisotropic etching is a popular technique to perform silicon micromachining as it is low-cost, scalable, and suitable for large scale batch processing, which are the major factors considered in the industry to reduce the cost of the product. In this work, we report the wet anisotropic etching characteristics of Si{111} in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) without and with addition of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). 10M NaOH and 12% NH2OH are used for this study. The effect of NH2OH is investigated on the etch rate, etched surface roughness and morphology, and the undercutting at mask edges aligned along < 112 > direction. These are the major etching characteristics, which should be studied in a wet anisotropic etchant. A 3D laser scanning microscope is utilized to measure the surface roughness, etch depth, and undercutting length, while the etched surface morphology is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporation of NH2OH in NaOH significantly enhances the etch rate and the undercutting at the mask edges that do not consist of {111} planes. To fabricate freestanding structure (e.g., microcantilever) on Si{111} wafer, high undercutting at < 112 > mask edges is desirable to reduce the release time. Moreover, the effect of etchant age on the abovementioned etching characteristics are investigated. The etch rate and undercutting reduce significantly with the age of the modified NaOH. The present paper reports very interesting results for the applications in wet bulk micromachining of Si{111}.
Changes in subjective knee function and psychological status from preoperation to 6 months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ohji Shunsuke , Aizawa Junya , Hirohata Kenji , Ohmi Takehiro , Mitomo Sho , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine characteristic changes in subjective knee function, kinesiophobia, and psychological readiness to return to sports between scores taken before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and those taken 6 months post-ACLR.

Methods
Thirty-two participants (median age, 20.0 years) were included. Subjective knee function was assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF). The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale were used to evaluate kinesiophobia and psychological readiness to return to sport, respectively. Questionnaires were administered 1 day before surgery and at 6 months post-ACLR. A positive change was defined as an increase in IKDC-SKF and ACL-RSI scores and a decrease in TSK-11 score. The change in each score from pre-ACLR to 6 months post-ACLR was analyzed using a paired t-test. The percentage change in scores was calculated, and the correlations of the percentage change in the TSK-11 and ACL-RSI scores and that in the IKDC-SKF score were analyzed.

Results
All scores differed significantly positively from pre-ACLR to 6 months post-ACLR. The proportion of participants whose scores did not change positively from pre-ACLR to 6 months post-ACLR was higher for the TSK-11 (38.0%) and ACL-RSI (38.0%) than for the IKDC-SKF (6.3%). No correlation was observed between the percentage change in the IKDC-SKF score and that in the TSK-11 or ACL-RSI scores from pre-ACLR to 6 months post-ACLR.

Conclusions
Changes in subjective knee function and psychological status from pre-ACLR and 6 months post-ACLR may not be interdependent.
Tolerance to lens tilt and decentration of two multifocal intraocular lenses: using the quick contrast sensitivity function method
Authors: Guo Dongling , Meng Jiaqi , Zhang Keke , He Wenwen , Ma Shiyu , Lu Zhong-lin , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method is an advanced quick method for contrast sensitivity function (CSF) evaluation. This study evaluated the contrast sensitivity (CS) of eyes undergoing cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and its tolerance to IOL tilt and IOL decentration using the qCSF method.

Methods
Patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification and a trifocal IOL (Zeiss AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss, Germany) or an extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL (Tecnis Symfony ZXR00, Johnson & Johnsons, USA) implantation were included. Monocular contrast sensitivity was measured using the qCSF method at one month post-surgery. IOL tilt and decentration were measured using an optical aberrometer (OPD-Scan III, NIDEK, Japan).

Results
Seventy-two patients/eyes with the 839MP IOL and 64 patients/eyes with the ZXR00 IOL were included. Area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and CS acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The ZXR00 IOL group showed better CS at 1 cpd (1.137 ± 0.164 vs. 1.030 ± 0.183 logCS) and 1.5 cpd (1.163 ± 0.163 vs. 1.071 ± 0.161 logCS), while the 839MP IOL group had better CS at 6 cpd (0.855 ± 0.187 vs. 0.735 ± 0.363 logCS). In the 839MP IOL group, all CSF metrics were negatively correlated with IOL tilt (all P < 0.05), while in the ZXR00 IOL group, the CS at 3 cpd had no significant correlation with IOL tilt (P > 0.05). Among myopic eyes, fewer CSF metrics were negatively correlated with IOL tilt in the ZXR00 IOL group than in the 839MP IOL group. No significant correlation was found between CSF metrics and IOL decentration.

Conclusions
The ZXR00 and the 839MP IOL groups presented comparable CSF. CS was negatively correlated with IOL tilt, instead of decentration in multifocal IOLs, particularly among myopic eyes. The ZXR00 IOL had better tolerance to IOL tilt in myopic eyes.
COVID-19: how can travel medicine benefit from tourism’s focus on people during a pandemic?
Authors: Bauer Irmgard L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2020, COVID-19 affected every aspect of life around the globe. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 through travel led to lockdowns, travel bans and border closures, crippling the tourism industry. Without tourists, there would be no tourism industry—and no travel medicine. Therefore, scholars started to research the human aspect of tourism immediately to develop strategies for economic recovery. The resulting insights are useful for travel medicine not only to see how tourism dealt with a medical crisis but also to understand travellers better who may be seeking health advice during and after a pandemic.This article presents tourism research of 2020 covering risk perception and travel intentions including mass-gatherings, the use of technology to protect from infection, impacts on tourism workers, residents’ reactions to potentially infected travellers, discrimination, and racism. A potential fork in the road to tourism’s future may have implications for travel health practitioners. Research recommendations conclude the paper. Understanding the industry response during the early days of panic and uncertainty may help prepare not only appropriate guidelines for travellers but also clearer instructions for tourism, transportation, and hospitality in anticipation of the next pandemic.
An exploratory study on learner agency and second language writing practices of Korean high school students
Authors: Jang Jinsil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis qualitative study explores Korean high school students’ exercising of agency in processing and producing L2 writing. Data were collected from off-line and online interviews, field notes, and other written materials over the course of two years and analyzed from a social view of agency (Ahearn, in: Jaspers, Östman, Verschueren (eds) Society and language use, John Benjamin Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2010; van Lier in Sociocult Theory Teach Second Lang 163:186–193, 2008). The students’ engagement in varied L2 writing projects and their writing artifacts consistently showed their enhanced awareness of linguistic and other semiotic resources which resulted in their frequent and continuous use of multiple languages and other placed resources. Meanwhile, they developed their strategies and reshaped their L2 writing practices considering the given context, placed resources, and their funds of knowledge. Findings from this study provide valuable insights into the open possibilities of EFL students’ exercise and development of agency, which is an increasingly necessary feature of life-long learners in the post-pandemic era.
Adherence to antihypertensive treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: da Luz Pádua Guimarães Mayra Cristina , Coelho Juliana Chaves , dos Santos Juliano , de Oliveira Higa Camila Braga , Flórido Carime Farah , Lee Renata Jae Won , Paes Grazielli Soares , da Silva Giovanio Vieira , Drager Luciano Ferreira , Pierin Angela Maria Geraldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonadherence to antihypertensive treatment is one of the main causes of the lack of blood pressure (BP) control. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic imposes substantial social restriction impairing the medical care routine, which may influence adherence to the antihypertensive treatment. To assess the rate of nonadherence to antihypertensive drug treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study evaluating hypertensive adult patients from a tertiary outpatient clinic. From March to August 2020, patients were interviewed by telephone during the social distancing period of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated biosocial data, habits, attitudes, and treatment adherence using the 4-item Morisky Green Levine Scale during the social distancing. Uncontrolled BP was defined by BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Clinical and prescription variables for drug treatment were obtained from the electronic medical record. We performed a multivariate analysis to determine the predictors of nonadherence to BP treatment.ResultsWe studied 281 patients (age 66 ± 14 years, 60.5% white, 62.3% women, mean education of 9.0 ± 4 years of study). We found that 41.3% of the individuals reported poor adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment and 48.4% had uncontrolled BP. Subsample data identified that adherence was worse during the pandemic than in the previous period. The variables that were independently associated with the nonadherence during the pandemic period were black skin color (odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–4.68), and intermittent lack of access to antihypertensive medication during the pandemic (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.11–5.89).ConclusionsBeyond traditional variables associated with poor adherence, the lack of availability of antihypertensive medications during the study underscore the potential role of pandemic on hypertension burden.
A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase III study on the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment involving fimasartan, amlodipine, rosuvastatin in patients with essential hypertension and dyslipidemia who fail to respond adequately to fimasartan monotherapy
Authors: Jeon Eun-Seok , Lim Sang Wook , Kim Seok-Yeon , Yang Hyoung-Mo , Kim Moo Hyun , Rhee Moo-Yong , Han Seung Hwan , Shin Jinho , Kim Kwang-il , Jeong Jin-Ok , Sung Ki Chul , Hong Geu Ru , Kim Hyung-Seop , Kwon Kihwan , Kang Tae-Soo , Lee Hae-Young , Han Su-Eun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy involving fimasartan, amlodipine, and rosuvastatin in patients with essential hypertension and dyslipidemia who fail to respond to fimasartan monotherapy.

Methods
This phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was conducted in adults aged 19–70 years. Patients who voluntarily consented were screened for eligibility to enroll in the study. Patients who failed to respond to 4 weeks of fimasartan monotherapy were randomized with a 1:1:1 ratio to the fimasartan 60 mg/amlodipine 10 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg (FMS/ALD + RSV) as study group, fimasartan 60 mg/amlodipine 10 mg (FMS/ALD) as control 1 group, and fimasartan 60 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg (FMS + RSV) as control 2 group. The primary efficacy endpoints were the change in the sitting systolic blood pressure and the rate of change in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level from baseline to 8 weeks. The adverse events, adverse drug reactions, physical examination findings, laboratory test results, electrocardiograms, and vital signs were evaluated to assess safety in the study.

Results
Of 138 randomized patients, 131 were conducted efficacy analysis, and 125 completed the study. For the change in LDL-C and sitting SBP (SiSBP) as primary efficacy assessments, the change in LDL-C at week 8 was significantly reduce in the FMS/ALD + RSV group than in the control 1 group (P < 0.001). The change in SiSBP at week 8 were greater reduce in the FMS/ALD + RSV group than in the FMS + RSV group (both P < 0.001). For the safety evaluation, there were no differences among the treatment groups in the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Conclusions
The fimasartan/amlodipine + rosuvastatin combination therapy can effectively and safely lower blood pressure and improve lipid levels in patients with essential hypertension and dyslipidemia who fail to respond adequately to fimasartan monotherapy.

Trial registration
NCT03156842, Registered 17 May 2017
Applying patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in physiotherapy: an evaluation based on the QUALITOUCH Activity Index
Authors: Zaugg Mias , Baur Heiner , Schmitt Kai-Uwe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are tools to screen a population, to monitor the subjective progress of a therapy, to enable patient-centred care and to evaluate the quality of care. The QUALITOUCH Activity Index (AI) is such a tool, used in physiotherapy. This study aimed to provide reference values for expected AI outcomes.

Methods
A large data set uniting clinical routine data and AI outcomes was generated; it consisted of data of 11,948 patients. For four defined diagnoses, i.e. chronic lower back pain, tibia posterior syndrome, knee joint osteoarthritis and shoulder impingement, the AI responses related to the dimensions “maximum pain level” and “household activity” were analyzed. Reference corridors for expected AI outcomes were derived as linear trend lines representing the mean, 1st and 3rd quartile.

Results
Reference corridors for expected AI outcomes are provided. For chronic lower back pain, for example, the corridor indicates that the initial average AI value related to maximum pain of 49.3 ± 23.8 points on a visual analogue scale (VAS multiplied by factor 10) should be improved by a therapeutic intervention to 36.9 ± 23.8 points on a first follow-up after four weeks.

Conclusions
For four exemplary diagnoses and two dimensions of the AI, one related to pain and one related to limitations in daily activities, reference corridors of expected therapeutic progress were established. These reference corridors can be used to compare an individual performance of a patient with the expected progress derived from a large data sample. Data-based monitoring of therapeutic success can assist in different aspects of planning and managing a therapy.
Vagus nerve stimulation and inflammation: expanding the scope beyond cytokines
Authors: Falvey Aidan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractApproximately 20 years ago it was discovered that the vagus nerve regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and inflammation. Subsequent research using several preclinical models revealed that vagus nerve stimulation evokes a protective decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines in multiple inflammatory disorders. Consequently, the pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine balance has become the predominant readout for indicating a positive outcome of vagus nerve stimulation. However, cytokine levels are just a single aspect of an effective immune response. It is conceivable that vagus nerve stimulation regulates inflammation through additional mechanisms. In this letter, I discuss a manuscript that describes how vagus nerve stimulation promotes resolution of inflammation via regulating the balance of specialised pro-resolving mediator levels and neutrophil activity.
Unleashing the power of pseudo-code for binary code similarity analysis
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Xu Zhengzi , Xiao Yang , Xue Yinxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCode similarity analysis has become more popular due to its significant applicantions, including vulnerability detection, malware detection, and patch analysis. Since the source code of the software is difficult to obtain under most circumstances, binary-level code similarity analysis (BCSA) has been paid much attention to. In recent years, many BCSA studies incorporating AI techniques focus on deriving semantic information from binary functions with code representations such as assembly code, intermediate representations, and control flow graphs to measure the similarity. However, due to the impacts of different compilers, architectures, and obfuscations, binaries compiled from the same source code may vary considerably, which becomes the major obstacle for these works to obtain robust features. In this paper, we propose a solution, named UPPC (Unleashing the Power of Pseudo-code), which leverages the pseudo-code of binary function as input, to address the binary code similarity analysis challenge, since pseudo-code has higher abstraction and is platform-independent compared to binary instructions. UPPC selectively inlines the functions to capture the full function semantics across different compiler optimization levels and uses a deep pyramidal convolutional neural network to obtain the semantic embedding of the function. We evaluated UPPC on a data set containing vulnerabilities and a data set including different architectures (X86, ARM), different optimization options (O0-O3), different compilers (GCC, Clang), and four obfuscation strategies. The experimental results show that the accuracy of UPPC in function search is 33.2% higher than that of existing methods.
One ominous case of focal atrial tachycardia in pregnancy, two victims and a successful outcome: a case report
Authors: Santos João Grade , Briosa Alexandra , Sebaiti Daniel , Almeida Sofia , Miranda Rita , Brandão Luís , Pereira Hélder 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy is associated with both new-onset and exacerbation of pre-existing arrhythmias, particularly supraventricular tachycardia, with increased maternal and fetal risks and with added concerns on the safety of the available drug therapy and catheter ablation techniques.
These are often withheld, with worse outcomes, and lead to challenging decisions in the approach to pregnant women with refractory supraventricular arrhythmias.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 28-year-old 37-weeks pregnant woman with symptomatic, almost incessant, atrial tachycardia causing tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, refractory to medical therapy, that evolved in acute cardiac failure and needed emergency cesarian delivery. The patient was afterward submitted to catheter ablation therapy, with an electrical isolation of the ectopic foci on the lower left pulmonary vein with radiofrequency and total suppression of the arrhythmia. The patient and infant were discharged clinically well and during follow-up the patient was asymptomatic, without recurrence of tachycardia and with complete recovery of left ventricle function.

Conclusions
This case highlights the challenges in the treatment of this special population with a stepwise medical approach that proved ineffective and clinical deterioration requiring termination of pregnancy and catheter ablation in the postpartum period, with a successful maternal and fetal outcome.