bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of different metal oxide nanoparticle embedded polymer matrix composite structures by the additive manufacturing technology and investigation of their properties
Authors: Aktitiz İsmail , Aydın Kadir , Darıcık Fatih , Topcu Alparslan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal oxide nano additives are widely used as a second phase modifier as they improve the properties of the matrix materials. Nano additives also supply various advantages for polymers which can be employed in additive manufacturing methods. Among the additive manufacturing methods, stereolithography is one of the most remarkable to produce nano‐modified polymers because of the easy nano modification of the photocurable resins. In the present study, we mixed the metal oxide particles; Fe2O3, ZnO, NiO, Al2O3, TiO2, and MgO with the photocurable epoxy and used the mixtures to print the specimens. We investigated the structural morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the printed specimens with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, differential thermogravimetric analysis, and microhardness, respectively. Findings proved the dilute agglomeration of the nano additives. Besides, nano additives can improve the thermal stability of the photo‐cured polymer. The microhardness of the Fe2O3 added polymers reached 27.63 HV levels while it was measured as 16.16 HV for the pristine samples (~70% raise was experienced). The maximum degradation temperatures of the polymer nanocomposite structures were measured in the range of 396–420 °C.
Crosslinking starch with Diels–Alder reaction: water‐soluble materials and water‐mediated processes
Authors: Antunes Bruna Fernandes , Ferreira Antonio Gilberto , Amaral André Capaldo , Carvalho Antonio José Felix , Gandini Alessandro , Trovatti Eliane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe click Diels–Alder cycloaddition is a one‐step high‐yield reaction that does not require catalysts, does not generate side products and can be performed at mild conditions in an aqueous medium, representing a good method for biomaterials coupling and synthesis. It exploits functional groups that can be grafted onto natural polymers or other molecules and can be used for the preparation of biomaterials such as biocompatible hydrogels, a nascent field of application of the Diels–Alder reaction. If performed in an aqueous medium, at biological pH and body temperature, it can be used in internal body systems for drug and cell release. Here we report the grafting of the furan ring from furfuryl alcohol to chemically oxidized starch and its crosslinking via the Diels–Alder reaction, in aqueous medium, at 37 °C, mimicking the body conditions in vitro. Since the functional groups used in this chemical strategy are sparingly studied for such applications, and their behavior is not described in the literature, the biocompatibility of the crosslinked starch as well as that of the precursor reagents were evaluated by cytotoxicity tests using GM07492 human cells. The results reveal that the furan‐crosslinked starch is a promising candidate for cell encapsulation and delivery within the body. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
High‐low refractive index stacks as antireflection coatings on triple‐junction solar cells
Authors: Hou Guo Jiao , García‐Tabarés Elisa , García Iván , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAntireflection coatings (ARCs) are crucial components of high‐efficiency solar cells. A new ARC design philosophy, dubbed high‐low refractive index stacks, has demonstrated good potential to minimize reflection losses for triple‐junction and quadruple‐junction solar cells in simulations. We have implemented such novel ARCs on GaInP/InGaAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cells and compared the experimental performances—external quantum efficiency and reflectivity—with that of identical devices equipping the classic double‐layer ARC. For typical materials such as MgF2/ZnS with ambient glass, the results show that the new design improves the short circuit current by 1.8% at normal incidence and 1.6% and 1% for angles of incidence of 30° and 50°, respectively.
Long‐term delivery of etanercept mediated via a thermosensitive hydrogel for efficient inhibition of wear debris‐induced inflammatory osteolysis
Authors: Lei Kewen , Wang Yang , Peng Xiaochun , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeriprosthetic wear debris‐induced aseptic loosening brings great pain to patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) is a pivotal cytokine involved in wear debris‐induced aseptic inflammation and subsequent osteolysis. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel system containing etanercept (ETN), a TNF‐α antagonist, to inhibit wear debris‐induced osteolysis. A set of thermosensitive poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) copolymers with comparable molecular weights but different LA/GA molar ratios were synthesized by us, and their aqueous solutions presented sol‐to‐gel transitions along with the elevation of temperature. The LA/GA ratio not only impacted the phase transition temperature but also controlled the degradation rate of gel in vivo. The hydrogel with an appropriate in vivo degradation rate was employed to load and deliver ETN, and the drug introduction did not influence on its thermo‐induced gelation behavior. The loaded ETN was released from the gel depot in vitro in a sustained manner for up to 30 days. In a mouse bone‐implanted air pouch model, a single injection of the hydrogel formulation and subsequent sustained release of active ETN efficiently neutralized TNF‐α, resulting in significant suppression of titanium particles‐induced aseptic inflammation and subsequent osteolysis, and the effect was pronouncedly superior to that of an ETN solution.
Uniform binding and negative catalysis at the origin of enzymes
Authors: Noor Elad , Flamholz Avi I. , Jayaraman Vijay , Ross Brian L. , Cohen Yair , Patrick Wayne M. , Gruic‐Sovulj Ita , Tawfik Dan S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnzymes are well known for their catalytic abilities, some even reaching “catalytic perfection” in the sense that the reaction they catalyze has reached the physical bound of the diffusion rate. However, our growing understanding of enzyme superfamilies has revealed that only some share a catalytic chemistry while others share a substrate‐handle binding motif, for example, for a particular phosphate group. This suggests that some families emerged through a “substrate‐handle‐binding‐first” mechanism (“binding‐first” for brevity) instead of “chemistry‐first” and we are, therefore, left to wonder what the role of non‐catalytic binders might have been during enzyme evolution. In the last of their eight seminal, back‐to‐back articles from 1976, John Albery and Jeremy Knowles addressed the question of enzyme evolution by arguing that the simplest mode of enzyme evolution is what they defined as “uniform binding” (parallel stabilization of all enzyme‐bound states to the same degree). Indeed, we show that a uniform‐binding proto‐catalyst can accelerate a reaction, but only when catalysis is already present, that is, when the transition state is already stabilized to some degree. Thus, we sought an alternative explanation for the cases where substrate‐handle‐binding preceded any involvement of a catalyst. We find that evolutionary starting points that exhibit negative catalysis can redirect the reaction's course to a preferred product without need for rate acceleration or product release; that is, if they do not stabilize, or even destabilize, the transition state corresponding to an undesired product. Such a mechanism might explain the emergence of “binding‐first” enzyme families like the aldolase superfamily.
Thermodynamic stabilization of von Willebrand factor A1 domain induces protein loss of function
Authors: Sandoval‐Pérez Angélica , Mejía‐Restrepo Valeria , Aponte‐Santamaría Camilo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder caused by defects of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a large extracellular protein in charge of adhering platelets to sites of vascular lesions. vWF performs this essential homeostatic task via specific protein–protein interactions between the vWF A1 domain and the platelet receptor, the glycoprotein Ib alpha (GPIBα). The two naturally occurring vWF A1 domain mutations G1324A and G1324S, near the GPIBα binding site, induce a dramatic decrease in platelet adhesion, resulting in a bleeding disorder classified as type 2M vWD. However, the reason for the drastic phenotypic response induced by these two supposedly minor modifications remains unclear. We addressed this question using a combination of equilibrium‐molecular dynamics (MD) and nonequilibrium MD‐based free energy simulations. Our data confirms that both mutations maintain the highly stable Rossmann fold of the vWF A1 domain. G1324A and G1324S mutations hardly changed the per‐residue flexibility of the A1 domain but induced a global conformational change affecting the region near the binding site to GPIBα. Furthermore, we observed two significant changes in the vWF A1 domain upon mutation, the global redistribution of the internal mechanical stress and the increased thermodynamic stability of the A1 domain. These observations are consistent with previously reported mutations increasing the melting temperature. Overall, our results support the idea of thermodynamic conformational restriction of A1—before the binding to GPIBα—as a crucial factor determining the loss‐of‐function of the G1324A(S) vWD mutants.
Integrating cybersecurity into the risk‐based process safety (RBPS) program
Authors: Chastain‐Knight Denise , Dharmavaram Seshu , Lodal Peter N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the industry's increasing reliance on computer systems for basic process control and safety functions, industrial processes have become more vulnerable to cybersecurity threats. The recently released CCPS book, Managing Cybersecurity in the Process Industries, A Risk‐based Approach, discusses the need for proactive and effective cybersecurity management in the interest of process safety. This paper will share some of the highlights from the book illustrating areas where cybersecurity considerations parallel and complement the key principles of Risk‐Based Process Safety (RBPS) elements. This paper will share some lessons from recent cybersecurity incidents impacting process safety and identify avenues where cyberattacks can gain access to the control or safety instrumented systems to cause harm. Finally, we will discuss a sampling of the RBPS elements in more detail to illustrate how cybersecurity can be integrated into the RBPS program.
Back Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 8
Authors: Guo Shuang , Yao Weixiang , Xu Tongyu , Ma Hui , Sun Mujun , Chen Chunling , Lan Yubin 
Published: July 2022

The back cover image is based on the Research Article Assessing the application of spot spray in Nanguo pear orchards: Effect of nozzle type, spray volume rate and adjuvant by Shuang Guo et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6999.image
Threonyl‐tRNA synthetase gene, a potential target for RNAi‐based control of three rice planthoppers
Authors: Li Han‐Jing , Zhang Hou‐Hong , Lu Jia‐Bao , Zhang Chuan‐Xi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRNA interference (RNAi) has potential as a new strategy for pest control. However, the current overemphasis on the control of a single pest increased control costs. The aim of this study was to find a green method of controlling several pests without affecting the natural enemies with a single target gene. One possible RNAi target is the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase (ThrRS), which is conserved and plays a significant role in protein biosynthesis.ResultsIn this study, one threonyl‐tRNA synthetase gene (NlthrS) was identified from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Spatio‐temporal expression pattern analysis showed that NlthrS was highly expressed in the ovary, late embryogenesis, nymphs and female adults. In addition, RNAi‐mediated knockdown of NlthrS caused 85.6% nymph mortality, 100% female infertility, molting disorder, extended nymph duration and shortened adult longevity. Target‐specific results were obtained when dsNlthrS was used to interfere with the whiteback planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), zig‐zag winged leafhopper (Inazuma dorsalis) and their natural enemy (green mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis). In addition, dsNlthrS could cause high mortalities of three species of planthoppers (85.6–100%), while only dsNlthrS‐1 led to the death (97.3%) of I. dorsalis that was not affected by dsNlthrS‐2. Furthermore, neither dsNlthrS‐1 nor dsNlthrS‐2 could influence the survival of C. lividipennis.ConclusionThe results reveal the biological functions of ThrRS in N. lugens in addtion to its protein synthesis, deepening our understanding of tRNA synthase in insects and providing a new method for the control of several rice pests via one dsRNA design. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
CUSUMIN: A cumulative sum interval design for cancer phase I dose finding studies
Authors: Hatayama Tomoyoshi , Yasui Seiichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently, model‐assisted designs, including the Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design with optimal thresholds to determine the dose for the next cohort, have been proposed for cancer phase I studies. Model‐assisted designs are useful because of their good performance as model‐based designs in addition to their algorithm‐based simplicity. In BOIN, escalation and de‐escalation based on boundaries can be understood as a type of change point detection based on a sequential test procedure. Notably, the sequential test procedure is used in a wide range of fields and is known for its application to control charts, statistical monitoring methods used for detecting abnormalities in manufacturing processes. In control charts, abnormalities are detected if the control chart statistics are observed to be outside of the optimal boundaries. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) statistic, which is developed for control chart applications, derives higher power under the same erroneous judgment rate. Hence, it is expected that a more efficient model‐assisted design can be achieved by the application of CUSUM statistics. In this study, a model‐assisted design based on the CUSUM statistic is proposed. In the proposed design, the dose for the next cohort is decided by CUSUM statistics calculated from the counts of the dose‐limiting toxicity and pre‐defined boundaries, based on the CUSUM control chart scheme. Intensive simulation shows that our proposed method performs better than BOIN, and other representative model‐assisted designs, including modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI) and Keyboard, in terms of controlling over‐dosing rates while maintaining similar performance in the determination of maximum tolerated dose.
Nootkatone alleviates rotenone‐induced Parkinson's disease symptoms through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Yao Ziwei , Li Jiayuan , Bian Lihua , Li Qiuyu , Wang Xiaomei , Yang Xue , Wei Xiaojia , Wan Guohui , Wang Yuqing , Shi Jinli , Guo Jianyou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Nootkatone (NKT) has been shown to have neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and in this study, we systematically studied the efficacy and mechanism of action of NKT in rotenone (ROT)‐induced PD rats. Firstly, through behavioral experiments and brain tissue staining, we found that NKT alleviated behavioral dysfunction and protected dopaminergic neurons associated with ROT‐induced PD rats. Next, target prediction, protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway enrichment analyses were used to obtain potential targets, specific biological processes, and molecular mechanisms of NKT for the potential treatment of PD. Furthermore, we also applied molecular docking to predict the binding capacity of NKT and related targets. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed that NKT could inhibit the expression of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reducing neuroinflammation, and ultimately ameliorating ROT‐induced PD symptoms. Taken together, the results of the study provide a clear explanation for the remission of PD symptoms by NKT, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PD.
Total flavonoids from the dried root ofTetrastigma hemsleyanumDiels et Gilg inhibit colorectal cancer growth throughPI3K/AKT/mTORsignaling pathway
Authors: Zhai Yufei , Sun Jing , Sun Chengtao , Zhao Huan , Li Xuan , Yao Jiaxiong , Su Jiajia , Xu Xiaoqian , Xu Xiukun , Hu Jiangning , Daglia Maria , Han Bing , Kai Guoyin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dried root ofTetrastigma hemsleyanumDiels et Gilg is used as a traditional Chinese medicine in southern China, as a folk remedy for carcinomas and gastrointestinal diseases. The total flavonoids ofT. hemsleyanum(THTF) provide its main bioactive constituents. However, the mechanisms underlying its potential activity on colorectal cancer are still unknown. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of THTF on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. It was found that THTF inhibited HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cell growth, with an IC50of 105.60 and 140.80 μg/mL, respectively. THTF suppressed clonogenicity and promoted apoptosis in HCT‐116. In vivo, THTF (120 mg/kg) delayed tumor growth in HCT‐116 xenografts without influencing on body weight, organ pathology and indexes, and blood routine level. Mechanistically, THTF inhibited the expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR at the protein level and transcriptional levels. Molecular docking indicated eight compounds in THTF (kaempferol 3‐rutinoside, rutinum, isoquercitrin, L‐epicatechin, quercetin, astragalin, kaempferol 3‐sambubioside, and catechin) strongly bound with amino acid sites of PI3K and mTOR proteins, indicating a high affinity. The results suggest that THTF delayed colorectal tumor growth by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and might be a potential candidate for colorectal cancer prevention.
Changes in industry and corporate effects in the United States, 1978–2019
Authors: Wang Ming zhu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryI present evidence of a shift in the relative contributions of industry and corporate effects to heterogeneity in business performance in the United States. In a systematic analysis of sequential timeframes between 1978 and 2019, I find a persistent rise in the explanatory power of corporate effects, which has grown to surpass that of industry effects. Consistent with these trends, I also find that an increasing share of multi‐business firms is operating only high‐performing or only low‐performing businesses, which coincides with refocusing efforts that began in the 1980s. This temporal perspective provides an explanation for why prior studies estimating industry and corporate effects have reached different conclusions.Managerial SummaryI present evidence that how much industry and corporate parentage each matter to business performance among diversified firms in the United States has changed over time in a systematic way. Specifically, my analyses show that while factors at the industry level may have mattered more than those at the corporate level from the late 1970s through most of the 1990s, this has since reversed and corporate parentage likely explained more of business profitability throughout the 2000s and 2010s than industry membership. These changes coincide with a trend that began in the 1980s toward greater focus and relatedness among the operations of diversified firms.
Presynaptic nigral GPR55 receptors stimulate [3H]‐GABA release through [3H]‐cAMP production and PKA activation and promote motor behavior
Authors: Sánchez‐Zavaleta Rodolfo , Ávalos‐Fuentes José Arturo , González‐Hernández Antonio Valentín , Recillas‐Morales Sergio , Paz‐Bermúdez Francisco Javier , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Cortés Hernán , Florán Benjamín 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStriatal medium‐sized spiny neurons express mRNA and protein of GPR55 receptors that stimulate neurotransmitter release; thus, GPR55 could be sent to nigral striatal projections, where it might modulate GABA release and motor behavior. Here, we study the presence of GPR55 receptors at striato‐nigral terminals, their modulation of GABA release, their signaling pathway, and their effect on motor activity. By double immunohistochemistry, we found the colocation of GPR55 protein and substance P in the dorsal striatum. In slices of the rat substantia nigra, the GPR55 agonists LPI and O‐1602 stimulated [3H]‐GABA release induced by high K+ depolarization in a dose‐dependent manner. The antagonists CID16020046 and cannabidiol prevented agonist stimulation in a dose‐dependent way. The effect of GPR55 on nigral [3H]‐GABA release was prevented by lesion of the striatum with kainic acid, which was accompanied by a decrement of GPR55 protein in nigral synaptosomes, indicating the presynaptic location of receptors. The depletion of internal Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin did not prevent the effect of LPI on [3H]‐GABA release, but the remotion or chelation of external calcium did. Blockade of Gi, Gs, PLC, PKC, or dopamine D1 receptor signaling proteins did not prevent the effect of GPR55 on release. However, the activation of GPR55 stimulated [3H]‐cAMP accumulation and PKA activity. Intranigral unilateral injection of LPI induces contralateral turning. This turning was prevented by CID16020046, cannabidiol, and bicuculline but not by SCH 23390. Our data indicate that presynaptic GPR55 receptors stimulate [3H]‐GABA release at striato‐nigral terminals through [3H]‐cAMP production and stimulate motor behavior.
Polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbated lipopolysaccharide‐induced necroptosis and inflammation via the ROS/MAPK pathway in mice spleen
Authors: Tang Xinyu , Fan Xue , Xu Tong , He Yujiao , Chi Qianru , Li Zhe , Li Shu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlastics are novel environmental pollutants with potential threats to the ecosystem. At least 5.25 trillion plastic particles in the environment, of which nanoplastics are <100 nm in diameter. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) exposure damaged the spleen's immune function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced other toxicants to damage cells and organs, triggering inflammation. However, the mechanism of PS‐NPs aggravated LPS‐induced spleen injury remains unclear. In this study, the PS‐NPs or/and LPS mice exposure model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of PS‐NPs or/and LPS, and PS‐NPs or/and LPS were exposed to RAW264.7 cells. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the mice spleen were observed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscope. Western Blot, qRT‐PCR, and fluorescent probes staining were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors, and necroptosis‐related indicators in mice spleen and RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that PS‐NPs or LPS induced oxidative stress, activated the MAPK pathway, and eventually caused necroptosis and inflammation in mice spleen and RAW264.7 cells. Compared with the single treatment group, the changes in PS‐NPs + LPS group were more obvious. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway caused by co‐treatment of PS‐NPs and LPS, reducing necroptosis and inflammation. The results demonstrated that PS‐NPs promoted LPS‐induced spleen necroptosis and inflammation in mice through the ROS/MAPK pathway. This study increases the data on the damage of PS‐NPs to the organism and expands the research ideas and clues.