bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults
Authors: Deng Xuelian , Guo Xiaohan , Gu Hongfang , Wang Dong , Laperche Syria , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Zang Liang , Candotti Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbsence of anti‐HBc reactivity with detectable anti‐HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti‐HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow‐up (range: 2.6–84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti‐HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti‐HBs OBIs differed from anti‐HBc‐reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti‐HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti‐HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti‐HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti‐HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti‐HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow‐up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti‐HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti‐HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.
A skill‐specific dynamic labour supply and labour demand framework: A scenario analysis for the Western Balkan countries to 2030
Authors: Leitner Sandra M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper pursues a multiple scenario analysis until 2030 to identify past and potential future labour supply and demand dynamics of four different skill groups in the six Western Balkan (WB6) countries. Simulation results of the baseline scenario show that skill shortages and surpluses would coexist: In all WB6 countries, the low educated would experience labour shortages within or shortly after the projection period while in some WB6 countries there is evidence of growing excess labour among Med‐VETs, Med‐GENs and the highly educated. Additional scenarios point to important country‐specific policy options that can help to mitigate these projected labour market imbalances.
Post‐disaster damage classification based on deep multi‐view image fusion
Authors: Khajwal Asim Bashir , Cheng Chih‐Shen , Noshadravan Arash 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to facilitate a more reliable automated postdisaster assessment of damaged buildings based on the use of multiple view imagery. Toward this, a Multi‐View Convolutional Neural Network (MV‐CNN) architecture is proposed, which combines the information from different views of a damaged building, resulting in 3‐D aggregation of the 2‐D damage features from each view. This spatial 3‐D context damage information will result in more accurate and reliable damage quantification in the affected buildings. For validation, the presented model is trained and tested on a real‐world visual data set of expert‐labeled buildings following Hurricane Harvey. The developed model demonstrates an accuracy of 65% in predicting the exact damage states of buildings, and around 81% considering ±1 class deviation from ground‐truth, based on a five‐level damage scale. Value of information (VOI) analysis reveals that the hybrid models, which consider at least one aerial and ground view, perform better.
Lack of robust evidence for a Wolbachia infection in Anopheles gambiae from Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Simon P. , Kabore Didier A. , Tibiri Ezechiel B. , Hughes Angela , Gnankine Olivier , Quek Shannon , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Ranson Hilary , Hughes Grant L. , Dabiré Roch K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe endosymbiont Wolbachia can have major effects on the reproductive fitness, and vectorial capacity of host insects and may provide new avenues to control mosquito‐borne pathogens. Anopheles gambiae s.l is the major vector of malaria in Africa but the use of Wolbachia in this species has been limited by challenges in establishing stable transinfected lines and uncertainty around native infections. High frequencies of infection of Wolbachia have been previously reported in An. gambiae collected from the Valle du Kou region of Burkina Faso in 2011 and 2014. Here, we re‐evaluated the occurrence of Wolbachia in natural samples, collected from Valle du Kou over a 12‐year time span, and in addition, expanded sampling to other sites in Burkina Faso. Our results showed that, in contrast to earlier reports, Wolbachia is present at an extremely low prevalence in natural population of An. gambiae. From 5341 samples analysed, only 29 were positive for Wolbachia by nested PCR representing 0.54% of prevalence. No positive samples were found with regular PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons clustered across supergroup B, with some having similarity to sequences previously found in Anopheles from Burkina Faso. However, we cannot discount the possibility that the amplicon positive samples we detected were due to environmental contamination or were false positives. Regardless, the lack of a prominent native infection in An. gambiae s.l. is encouraging for applications utilizing Wolbachia transinfected mosquitoes for malaria control.
The DNA methylation landscape of the root‐knot nematode‐induced pseudo‐organ, the gall, in Arabidopsis, is dynamic, contrasting over time, and critically important for successful parasitism
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia , Ruiz‐Ferrer Virginia , Müller Sebastian Y. , Pellegrin Clement , Abril‐Urías Patricia , Martínez‐Gómez Ángela , Gómez‐Rojas Almudena , Berenguer Eduardo , Testillano Pilar S. , Andrés Maria Fe , Fenoll Carmen , Eves‐van den Akker Sebastian , Escobar Carolina 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) induce giant cells (GCs) within galls which are characterized by large‐scale gene repression at early stages. However, the epigenetic mechanism(s) underlying gene silencing is (are) still poorly characterized.

DNA methylation in Arabidopsis galls induced by Meloidogyne javanica was studied at crucial infection stages (3 d post‐infection (dpi) and 14 dpi) using enzymatic, cytological, and sequencing approaches. DNA methyltransferase mutants (met1, cmt2, cmt3, cmt2/3, drm1/2, ddc) and a DNA demethylase mutant (ros1), were analyzed for RKN resistance/tolerance, and galls were characterized by confocal microscopy and RNA‐seq.

Early galls were hypermethylated, and the GCs were found to be the major contributors to this hypermethylation, consistent with the very high degree of gene repression they exhibit. By contrast, medium/late galls showed no global increase in DNA methylation compared to uninfected roots, but exhibited large‐scale redistribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). In line with these findings, it was also shown that DNA methylation and demethylation mutants showed impaired nematode reproduction and gall/GC‐development. Moreover, siRNAs that were exclusively present in early galls accumulated at hypermethylated DMRs, overlapping mostly with retrotransposons in the CHG/CG contexts that might be involved in their repression, contributing to their stability/genome integrity. Promoter/gene methylation correlated with differentially expressed genes encoding proteins with basic cell functions. Both mechanisms are consistent with reprogramming host tissues for gall/GC formation.

In conclusion, RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM; DRM2/1) pathways, maintenance methyltransferases (MET1/CMT3) and demethylation (ROS1) appear to be prominent mechanisms driving a dynamic regulation of the epigenetic landscape during RKN infection.
Photo‐excitable zinc sulfide nanoparticles: A theranostic nanotool for cancer management
Authors: Essawy Marwa M. , Rafik Salma T. , Awaad Ashraf K. , Mourad Ghada M. , El Achy Samar N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesZinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs), as one of the quantum dots less than 10 nm, possess unique size‐dependent autofluorescence. Excitation of their valence electrons by energy higher than the bandgap reveals the ZnS NPs' inherited photocatalysis with additive cytotoxic consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Coupling the cytotoxicity of photoactivated ZnS NPs with their autofluorescence would be a novel theranostic modality, combating superficially accessible carcinoma.Material and methodsAfter synthesizing and characterization of ZnS NPs, we verified their photocatalysis and electron donation upon UV excitation in degrading organic dye and DNA cleavage, respectively. We then tested the efficacy of UV‐activated ZnS NPs to induce ROS‐dependent apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines.ResultsThe energetic electron–hole pairs generated upon UV excitation of ZnS NPs with the consequent cascade of ROS release revealed potent apoptotic cancer cell deaths, compared with single treatment modalities of nonexcited nanoparticles and UV. Moreover, the inherited luminescence of ZnS NPs enabled visualization of their predominant intracytoplasmic uptake with tracking of their cellular response.ConclusionThe intensified luminescence and the fortified cytotoxicity of photoactivated ZnS NPs enhance their theranostic qualifications, boosting their antitumorigenic use.
Host genetic determinants drive compartment‐specific assembly of tea plant microbiomes
Authors: Tan Xiangfeng , Xie Hengtong , Yu Jingwen , Wang Yuefei , Xu Jianming , Xu Ping , Ma Bin 
Published: July 2022

SummaryDiverse host factors drive microbial variation in plant‐associated environments, whereas their genetic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To address this, we coupled the analyses of plant genetics and microbiomes in this study. Using 100 tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars, the microbiomes of rhizosphere, root endosphere and phyllosphere showed clear compartment‐specific assembly, whereas the subpopulation differentiation of tea cultivars exhibited small effects on microbial variation in each compartment. Through microbiome genome‐wide association studies, we examined the interactions between tea genetic loci and microbial variation. Notably, genes related to the cell wall and carbon catabolism were heavily linked to root endosphere microbial composition, whereas genes related to the metabolism of metal ions and small organic molecules were overrepresented in association with rhizosphere microbial composition. Moreover, a set of tea genetic variants, including the cytoskeleton‐related formin homology interacting protein 1 gene, were strongly associated with the β‐diversity of phyllosphere microbiomes, implying their interactions with the overall structure of microbial communities. Our results create a catalogue of tea genetic determinants interacting with microbiomes and reveal the compartment‐specific microbiome assembly driven by host genetics.
The in‐vitro effect of gonadotropin‐releasing hormones,GnRH‐IandGnRH‐II, on the motility, vitality and acrosome integrity of Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) spermatozoa
Authors: de Villiers Charon , Maree Liana , Katz Arieh A. , van der Horst Gerhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo isoforms of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II, are expressed in mammals, and the presence of one or more GnRH‐like peptides has been demonstrated in the male reproductive tract. GnRH and its receptors (GnRHR) are present in human and non‐human primate testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, spermatozoa and seminal human plasma. GnRH‐II is site‐specific and acts directly in an inhibitory or stimulatory fashion. Previous studies speculated that GnRH‐II could disrupt specific sperm processes, such as sperm motility or capacitation and could be utilized as an effective contraceptive agent. Our study aimed to investigate the in‐vitro effects of GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II on Vervet monkey sperm function. Electro‐ejaculated semen samples from 10 Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were used to select motile sperm populations. Sperm aliquots were incubated with GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II at different concentrations for 1 h, where after sperm motility and kinematic parameters were assessed using the automated Sperm Class Analyser. Additional sperm aliquots were incubated with two 10‐amino acid control peptides, a non‐related peptide and an inactive peptide to exclude the possible influence on sperm motility from other peptides with a structure similar to GnRH. Additionally, a GnRHR‐I antagonist (GnRHR‐A), Cetrorelix, was tested to establish its antagonistic capability on GnRH. The effect of selected concentrations of GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II on sperm vitality and acrosome intactness was also evaluated after 10‐ and 60 min exposure. Analysis of the percentage total sperm motility revealed that different concentrations for GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II inhibited sperm motility significantly. While sperm progressiveness was also notably affected and a trend of decreased sperm kinematics were evident, no effect was found on sperm vitality or acrosome intactness. The non‐related and inactive peptides had no impact on sperm motility. The GnRHR‐A demonstrated no effect on sperm motility and effectively blocked the inhibitory outcome on the motility of both GnRH isoforms. While GnRH‐I or GnRH‐II at low‐dose concentrations resulted in in‐vitro inhibition of sperm motility, it appears to have no adverse effects on other sperm functional parameters evaluated. These collective observations possibly indicate an essential role for GnRH in the in‐vivo process of sperm selection in the female reproductive tract.
A structural description of the evolution of stakeholders and risk communication in the Department of Energy's defense nuclear facilities: Historical perspective, major stakeholders, and external events
Authors: Krahn Steven L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulators and policymakers are routinely challenged with explaining complex concepts concerning risk. Part of the challenge is helping external and internal stakeholders to understand the context behind risk‐related information and decisions. This paper will describe the historical evolution of the safety and regulatory framework for an important category in the nuclear industry—defense nuclear facilities owned and operated by the US Department of Energy. In parallel with describing this evolution, three major events which occurred external to the complex of defense nuclear facilities will be summarized, and their impact on the maturation of the Department's safety and regulatory framework will be discussed. Finally, integrated with these two threads of discussion will be a chronicle of the changing set of involved organizations and the expanding set of external stakeholders involved in risk decisions—and therefore, the risk communications ecosystem surrounding defense nuclear facilities. It will be noted that this system was once describable as a classic “iron triangle,” but now has progressed to a complex network of federal and state organizations, numerous congressional committees, and expanding sets of external stakeholders. It is hoped that a comprehensive discussion of the context of risk assessment in the defense nuclear facilities complex—addressing historical insights, organizational evolution, and the maturing structure of regulation—will provide enhanced opportunities for building trust and understanding in this complex environment.
UEFA EURO 2020: An exciting match between football and probability
Authors: Fedrizzi Giulia , Canal Luisa , Micciolo Rocco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFootball, as one of the most popular sports, can provide exciting examples to motivate students learning statistics. In this paper, we analyzed the number of goals scored in the UEFA EURO 2020 final phase as well as the waiting times between goals, considering censored times. Such a dataset allows us to consider some aspects of count data taught at an introductory level (such as the Poisson distribution), as well as more advanced topics (such as survival analysis taking into account the presence of censored times). Employing data from the final phase of UEFA EURO 2020, depending on the course level, the student will acquire knowledge and understanding of a range of key topics and analytical techniques in statistics, develop knowledge of the theoretical assumption underlying them and learn the skills needed to model count data.
Retrobulbar respiratory epithelial orbital cyst in a dog: A case report
Authors: Margetts Adam C. , Scurrell Emma , Das Smita , Smith Kerry M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 10‐month‐old female, neutered French Bulldog presented with a history of unilateral right‐sided intermittent conjunctivitis and exophthalmos. The patient suffered blunt force trauma to the right eye after a tennis ball impact approximately five months prior to presentation. Examination identified the patient was visual with exophthalmos, lateral strabismus, conjunctival hyperaemia, episcleral congestion, and papilloedema. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography identified an approximately two centimeter diameter fluid‐filled structure directly posterior to the globe leading to displacement of the optic nerve and distortion of the posterior globe wall. Centesis of the lesion demonstrated neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation with evidence of prior hemorrhage. Within four weeks, the structure had re‐filled to its original size and was subsequently excised in its entirety, via a lateral orbitotomy. Histopathologic findings indicated a non‐keratinising orbital cyst, the lining of which was consistent with a respiratory epithelial cyst. Recurrence had not occurred seven months' post‐surgery. To the author's knowledge, previous reports of retrobulbar respiratory epithelial cysts have not been documented in animals.
Inclusión social, cultural y política de la población Afrodescendiente de Colombia y Argentina : “un estudio comparado a la luz del principio de no discriminación racial en los dos países”
Authors:   , Ramos Arango Joesneyder 
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo de Grado hace un estudio comparado de dos poblaciones negras: la de Colombia y Argentina. En éste se analizan las dificultades que la población negra ha tenido	para ser incluida política, social y culturalmente en Colombia y Argentina.
Programas de recuperación de espacios públicos, retos y desafíos. Caso de estudio : lucha contra la criminalidad en los parques de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Atlántico – Colombia
Authors:   , Alzate Salcedo Oscar Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

La lucha contra la criminalidad en Colombia se vuelve un tema a priorizar en las agendas gubernamentales de los distintos entes territoriales a lo largo del territorio nacional. Es por esto que en Barranquilla – Atlántico, esta temática ha cobrado relevancia en los últimos 10 años y, partir del año 2012, entró en vigencia el programa denominado “Todos al Parque”, el cual busca recuperar zonas verdes, parques y canchas abandonadas en el casco urbano de la ciudad, con el fin de fomentar la seguridad, y mejorar los espacios públicos y la calidad de vida para todos los habitantes de las zonas aledañas.
Es así como la implementación del programa “Todos al Parque” comenzó a recuperar áreas de la ciudad que en su momento funcionaban como puntos neurálgicos para la realización de actos delictivos afectando la seguridad de la zona y de los habitantes de la ciudad. Esta investigación propone analizar en qué medida la implementación del mencionado programa, ha logrado reducir o no los índices de criminalidad en las zonas intervenidas de la ciudad de Barranquilla para el periodo 2016 – 2019, tomando como referentes teorías como la clásica de la criminalidad, así como el efecto del vigilante implícito, efecto del tiempo y tiempo de ocio y las ventanas rotas y haciendo uso del método de evaluación de impacto como herramienta investigativa. El documento evidencia que la política ha tenido resultados positivos, sin embargo, la comunidad espera mayores resultados.
Palabras clave: Seguridad, Parque, Criminalidad, Inseguridad, Recuperación
Detrital zircon ages from upper Paleozoic–Triassic clastic strata on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: An enigmatic component of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate
Authors: Amato Jeffrey M. , Dumoulin Julie A. , Gottlieb Eric S. , Moore Thomas E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew lithologic and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb data from Devonian–Triassic strata on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea and from the western Brooks Range of Alaska suggest affinities between these two areas. The Brooks Range constitutes part of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate, but the tectonic and paleogeographic affinities of St. Lawrence Island are unknown or at best speculative. Strata on St. Lawrence Island form a Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession and a Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession that are subdivided according to three distinctive DZ age distributions. The Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession has Mississippian-age quartz arenite beds with Silurian, Cambrian, Neoproterozoic, and Mesoproterozoic DZ age modes, and it exhibits similar age distributions and lithologic and biostratigraphic characteristics as Mississippian-age Utukok Formation strata in the Kelly River allochthon of the western Brooks Range. Consistent late Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, and Silurian ages in each of the Mississippian-age units suggest efficient mixing of the DZ prior to deposition, and derivation from strata exposed by the pre-Mississippian unconformity and/or Endicott Group strata that postdate the unconformity. The Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession is subdivided into feldspathic and graywacke subunits. The feldspathic subunit has a unimodal DZ age mode at 2.06 Ga, identical to Nuka Formation strata in the Nuka Ridge allochthon of the western Brooks Range, and it records a distinctive depositional episode related to late Paleozoic juxtaposition of a Paleoproterozoic terrane along the most distal parts of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate. The graywacke subunit has Triassic maximum depositional ages and abundant late Paleozoic grains, likely sourced from fringing arcs and/or continent-scale paleorivers draining Eurasia, and it has similar age distributions to Triassic strata from the Lisburne Peninsula (northwestern Alaska), Chukotka and Wrangel Island (eastern Russia), and the northern Sverdrup Basin (Canadian Arctic), but, unlike the Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession and feldspathic subunit of the Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession, it has no obvious analogue in the western Brooks Range allochthon stack. These correlations establish St. Lawrence Island as conclusively belonging to the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate, thus enhancing our understanding of the circum-Arctic region in late Paleozoic–Triassic time.