bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Varying the Number of Fluorene Units in 2, 1, 3‐Benzothiadiazole‐Containing Oligomers and the Effect on OLED Performance and Stability
Authors: Lozano‐Hernández Luis‐Abraham , Cameron Joseph , Riggs Christopher J. , Reineke Sebastian , Skabara Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolution‐processing has the potential to reduce the cost and energy requirements in the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. In non‐doped emissive layers, polymers are commonly used but often suffer from batch‐to‐batch variation. Oligomers, which have precise molecular structures, avoid this problem but maintain the favourable film‐forming properties that polymers possess. We present three benzothiadiazole‐containing fluorene‐based oligomers, BT‐F32, BT‐F42 and BT‐F52, which have terfluorene, quaterfluorene and pentafluorene arms, respectively, attached to a benzothiadiazole core. The materials show very high photoluminescence quantum yields, with BT‐F42 exhibiting the highest PLQY of 0.96 in the thin film. Although there is little change in the electroluminescence spectra, the oligomer size influences device performance. BT‐F32 had an external quantum efficiency of 1.9 % and high luminance whilst BT‐F42 reached an external quantum efficiency of 2.3 %. Furthermore, the stability of the OLED devices was evaluated and showed that the device lifetime decays with increasing molecular length.
Preparation of nano‐pico droplets using an open fibrous system
Authors: Xu Bojie , Chen Xuan , Zhao He , Zhang Zhen , Liu Huan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractManipulation and dispensing of ultra‐tiny droplets have attracted extensive research attention for their applications. Current approaches for dispensing liquids normally involve the use of micronozzles and microtips, which, however, suffer from limitations of clogging, high cost, and fragility. Here, we developed a facile open fibrous system for preparing nano‐pico droplets in a facile way, where the macroscopic droplet on a micro‐/nano‐textured copper fiber could be dispersed to a number of tiny droplets by applying and removing a suitable electric potential. The on‐site tunable interfacial energy, imparted by the electrical alterable density and orientation of the water molecules on the interface, leads to fine control of the spreading and retraction of the liquid on a large scale. Meanwhile, the fibrous microporous structure promotes the splitting of the liquid film based on the domain‐limiting effect during the retracting process. As a synergistic consequence, a big droplet firstly spreads completely on the poised fiber into a thin liquid film, which was then split and retracted toward the numerous anchoring points on the textured surface by removing the potential. Consequently, a big droplet can be dispersed into numerous nano‐pico droplets in a controllable way. The strategy is applicable for versatile low‐surface‐energy liquids, offering an innovative open system for continuous preparation of nano‐pico droplets.
The complexity of spontaneous brain activity changes in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and ADHD was examined using different variations of entropy
Authors: Guan Sihai , Wan Dongyu , Zhao Rong , Canario Edgar , Meng Chun , Biswal Bharat B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCHZ), and bipolar disorder (BP) have common symptoms and differences, and the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. This article will thoroughly discuss the differences between ADHD, BP, and SCHZ (31 healthy control and 31 ADHD; 34 healthy control and 34 BP; 42 healthy control and 42 SCHZ) relative to healthy subjects in combination with three atlases (et al., the Brainnetome atlas, the Dosenbach atlas, the Power atlas) and seven entropies (et al., approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SaEn), permutation entropy (PeEn), fuzzy entropy (FuEn), differential entropy (DiffEn), range entropy (RaEn), and dispersion entropy (DispEn)), as well as the prominent significant brain regions, in the hope of giving information that is more suitable for analyzing different diseases' entropy. First, the reliability (et al., intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) of seven kinds of entropy is calculated and analyzed by using the MSC dataset (10 subjects and 100 sessions in total) and simulation data; then, seven types of entropy and multiscale entropy expanded based on seven kinds of entropy are used to explore the differences and brain regions of ADHD, BP, and SCHZ relative to healthy subjects; and finally, by verifying the classification performance of the seven information entropies on ADHD, BP, and SCHZ, the effectiveness of the seven entropy methods is evaluated through these three methods. The core brain regions that affect the classification are given, and DiffEn performed best on ADHD, SaEn for BP, and RaEn for SCHZ.
Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy
Authors: Yang Yuting , Xing Huiwu , Zhao Yao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine generates functional antibodies in maternal circulation that are detectable in infants, while the information is restricted to the usage of COVID‐19 vaccine during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal COVID‐19 vaccines before pregnancy. Infants were included from mothers with no inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dose before pregnancy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were tested. Comparative analysis was done between the groups. A total of 130 infants were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies in infants born to mothers with 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy compared with 1‐ and 2‐dose groups (p < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies decreased significantly with age in infants born to mothers with the 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy (r = −0.338, p = 0.035), and it was still higher than that 2‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine group. The maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies produced from the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy can be transferred to newborns via the placenta. Maternal immunization with 3‐dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy could be more beneficial for both mothers and infants.
The effect of adherence to high‐quality dietary pattern on COVID‐19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Fatemi Rouholah , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Koyanagi Ai , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDietary quality and patterns may influence SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and outcomes, but scientific data and evidence to support such a role are lacking. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to elucidate the effect of prepandemic diet quality on the risk of COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to September 1, 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate each outcome's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies including 4 023 663 individuals (3 149 784 high‐quality diet individuals and 873 881 controls) were included in the present meta‐analysis. The effectiveness of high‐quality dietary pattern against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and hospitalization was 28% (95% CI 19%–36%) and 62% (95% CI 25%–80%); respectively. Subgroup analysis based on different levels of diet quality showed no difference between middle and high levels of diet quality in reducing the risk of COVID‐19 infection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis based on the different types of high‐quality diets and the risk of COVID‐19 infection revealed that the effectiveness of plant‐based diet against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 50% (95% CI 30%–65%); while the effectiveness of Mediterranean diet against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 22% (95% CI 12%–31%). Adherence to a high‐quality dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. More studies are required to confirm these findings, and future studies should determine the biological mechanisms underlying the association between diet quality and risk of COVID‐19 infection.
A high‐accuracy vegetation restoration potential mapping model integrating similar habitat and machine learning
Authors: Meng Xiaoyu , Pi Huawei , Gao Xin , He Panxing , Lei Jiaqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVegetation restoration potential (VRP) mapping provides important information for ecosystem restoration planning. However, the inappropriate assumption of traditional models that VRPs are identical within an individual similar habitat unit may result in low accuracy of VRP maps. This study proposes an improved data‐driven model, namely, the similar habitat and machine learning‐based VRP mapping (SHMLVRPM) model. This new model introduces a variety of machine‐learning models to mine information on geographical environment heterogeneity in areas of similar habitat, which helps to improve the accuracy of VRP maps. Taking Yan'an City, Shanxi Province, China as our study area, we demonstrate the modelling process and validate the model. Our results show that the SHMLVRPM model can effectively construct high‐accuracy VRP maps, and its information entropy is approximately 5.8 greater than that derived from the traditional models. The random forest method has the highest prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.8) among the tested machine‐learning methods. The average VRP value of Yan'an is approximately 68%; counties with the low VRP achievement are concentrated in the northern part of Yan'an, only 54%. Our research results can assist policymakers in optimizing vegetation restoration options and promoting the protection and sustainable development of fragile ecosystems.
Cross‐contamination risks in sediment‐based resurrection studies of phytoplankton
Authors: Andersson Björn , Rengefors Karin , Kourtchenko Olga , Johannesson Kerstin , Berglund Olof , Filipsson Helena L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResurrection studies can answer some fundamental questions in aquatic ecology and evolutionary biology. For phytoplankton resting stages, longevity of thousands to millions of years has recently been reported. However, contamination during sediment sampling could distort these estimates, and this risk has not been systematically evaluated. Here we used 4.5 μm diameter microspheres to quantify contamination while reviving the resting stages of seven abundant estuarine diatom and cyanobacterial taxa. We observed a sharp decline in resting stages abundance from 106(g wet sediment)−1at the surface to < 0.8 (g wet sediment)−1at 12.5 cm depth. Added microspheres (~ 4.5 × 107 cm−2) were translocated even deeper down the sediment and could well explain the vertical distributions and abundances of revived cells. Without this control, we could have claimed to have revived seven multi‐decades to centennial‐old taxa. Our findings suggest that improved contamination controls are needed for sediment core sampling of rare cells, microfossils, or DNA molecules.
Self‐Healing Ability of Poly(PEGMA‐5‐UPy) Evaluated by Thermomechanical Analysis
Authors: Calabrese Elisa , Guadagno Liberata , Raimondo Marialuigia , Sorrentino Andrea , Russo Simona , Longo Pasquale , Mariconda Annaluisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) based copolymers incorporating three different percentages (2.5 wt%, 5.0 wt%, and 7.8 wt%) of urea‐N‐2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyrimidine‐N’‐(hexametylen‐n‐carboxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA‐UPy) are reported. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) confirm the synthesis procedure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are employed to evaluate the thermal properties of the samples. DSC measurements evidence a slight increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), a consistent increase in crystallization and melting temperatures (Tc and Tm), and a reduction in the crystallization degree (Xc) with increasing the amount of HEMA‐UPy moiety. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is carried out at different values of temperature and oscillation frequency. It highlights the ability of the healed copolymer to recover the pristine values of storage modulus. The healing efficiency depends on the temperature history of the sample. For the sample healed at room temperature, the value of healing efficiency is 64%. DMA tests performed at higher temperatures, after some permanence at room temperature, evidence higher values in the healing efficiency. This demonstrates that the higher value of the temperature employed during DMA tests determines greater mobility of the chains causing an enhancement in the healing efficiency.
Best practices in surgical and nonsurgical management of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma: An update
Authors: Duarte‐Bateman Daniela , Shen Alan , Bullock Taylor , Sadeghi Payam , Escandón Joseph M. , Dedkova Eliska , Gastman Brian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Controversy exists regarding optimal management of MCC as high‐quality randomized studies and clinical trials are limited, and physicians are bound to interpret highly heterogeneous, retrospective literature in their clinical practice. Furthermore, the rising incidence and notably poor prognosis of MCC urges the establishment of best practices for optimal management of the primary tumor and its metastases. Herein, we summarized the relevant evidence and provided an algorithm for decision‐making in MCC management based on the latest 2021 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Additionally, we report current active MCC clinical trials in the United States. The initial management of MCC is dependent upon the pathology of the primary tumor and presence of metastatic disease. Patients with no clinical evidence of regional lymph node involvement generally require sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) while clinically node‐positive patients should undergo fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy and full imaging workup. If SLNB or FNA/core biopsy are positive, a multidisciplinary team should be assembled to discuss if additional node dissection or adjuvant therapy is necessary. Wide local excision is optimal for primary tumor management and SLNB remains the preferred staging and predictive tool in MCC. The management of MCC has progressively improved in the last decade, particularly due to the establishment of immunotherapy as a new treatment option in advanced MCC. Ongoing trials and prospective studies are needed to further establish the best practices for MCC management.
Wide‐angle beam‐scanning transmitarray antenna with low scan loss
Authors: Song Wenke , Ding Haibing , Cai Yang , Guo Naining , Liu Kegang , Li Sen , Wang Jing , Wang Han , Xue Qianzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a mechanical beam‐scanning transmitarray antenna with a wide scan coverage is presented. A wide‐band element is designed to provide a linear transmission phase shift with a low transmission loss, which comprises a double‐arrow and two orthogonal grid polarizers printed on two substrates. Then, a dual‐beam phase matching method is introduced to reduce the scan loss. To verify the design, a 437‐element transmitarray with a circular aperture (D = 150 mm) is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured results indicate that the transmitarray antenna achieves a ±40° scan coverage while keeping a low scan loss (<1.8 dB). The side lobe levels keep lower than −15 dB in the entire scanning range. Moreover, a 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 21% (14–17.2 GHz) can be achieved in terms of boresight radiation, and the measured peak gain is 23.5 dBi at 15 GHz.
Analysis of a Catch-and-Harvest Fishing Contest for Brown Trout Spanning 50+ Years: Long-Term Trends Influenced by Fisheries Management Actions and Angler Behavior
Authors: Mundahl Neal D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Long-term effects of evolving fisheries management, changing angler practices, and stream habitat development on stream trout fisheries in southeastern Minnesota, USA, were examined by analyzing data on &gt;1,000 weekly winners from a single-watershed, catch-and-harvest Brown Trout Salmo trutta fishing contest spanning 54 years. The weights of winning fish declined significantly across the period examined. No-entry weeks increased within the past two decades, corresponding to expanding catch-and-release fishing. The streams that produced winning fish shifted as stream access increased, degraded stream habitat was improved, and various angling restrictions were instituted. Most winning fish were caught with live or preserved bait, although the proportion of winners caught with artificial lures doubled from the 1960s to the 2010s. The interpretation of contest results must consider various angling regulations (e.g., protected slot lengths, artificial lures only, catch and release only) that were placed on some reaches during and after the 1980s, increasing voluntary catch-and-release practices of contemporary anglers, and expanding stream access and habitat improvements within the watershed.
The Relationship between Disturbance Events and Substantial Changes in Stream Conditions on Public Lands in the Inland Pacific Northwest
Authors: Roper Brett , Saunders W. Carl , Ojala Jeffrey V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hydrologic, terrestrial, and biologic disturbances influence stream channel conditions that are important to the persistence of aquatic biota. Past studies of how disturbance events alter streams have focused on fires, floods, and debris torrents as the magnitude of these events make them easy to detect. This approach has led to a bias in understanding which disturbances are likely to affect stream conditions. To address this concern, we used stream habitat data to identify where a substantial change in stream conditions had occurred and then used photographs of the evaluated reach to determine the disturbance that potentially caused those changes. We evaluated conditions in over 2,000 stream reaches and found that nearly a quarter of them had seen a substantial change in at least one of the five stream channel characteristics (bank-full width, wood frequency, median particle size, pool depth, and bank stability) in the two decades that these streams were monitored. Although many stream reaches were affected by charismatic disturbance events such as fires, floods, and mass wasting, the majority of the substantial changes we observed in channel conditions were related to small-scale disturbances. Mechanisms such as beavers, tree fall, vegetative growth, grazing, and active restoration all played an important role in bringing about large changes in stream channel conditions. While the majority of the disturbances were natural, some channel changes remain tied to anthropogenic activities. Our results suggest that no single sampling approach can be used to evaluate how stream conditions respond to all disturbances as they vary in intensity, over space and time, and based on which stream attribute is measured. By better understanding the full range of possible disturbances, managers should be better able to use such events to improve outcomes for streams and aquatic biota.
Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging of complex female genitourinary system abnormalities, what the fetal medicine specialist needs to know
Authors: Alamo Leonor , Gengler Carole , Hanquinet Sylviane , Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Meuwly Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComplex female genitourinary system anomalies include a wide spectrum of uncommon pathologies, caused from the abnormal separation of the urorectal septum and the urogenital sinus in early embryonic life. The resulting fusion of the distal urinary, genital and intestinal tracts increases the risk of death in utero and alters the normal organ functionality and the quality of life in survivors.An accurate prenatal identification of these pathologies depends mainly on prior suspicion at ultrasound screening, but also requires a solid knowledge of embryology and familiarity with the different patterns of malformation. Prenatal MRI provides an excellent anatomic evaluation of the fetal anatomy that may improve the diagnosis in complex cases with inconclusive echographic findings. The additional information can help both families and medical teams to better evaluate the severity of the pathology and the postnatal prognosis and therefore to better orientate the management during pregnancy, at delivery and after birth.This review article describes the embryological basis and the clinical findings of the most relevant pathologies included in the spectrum. It also describes the imaging signs on prenatal MRI studies in a series of confirmed cases and proposes a diagnostic algorithm based on imaging findings for guiding prenatal diagnosis.
Inhibition of a malaria host–pathogen interaction by a computationally designed inhibitor
Authors: Tobin Autumn R. , Crow Rachel , Urusova Darya V. , Klima Jason C. , Tolia Niraj H. , Strauch Eva‐Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalaria is a substantial global health burden with 229 million cases in 2019 and 450,000 deaths annually. Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread malaria‐causing parasite putting 2.5 billion people at risk of infection. P. vivax has a dormant liver stage and therefore can exist for long periods undetected. Its blood‐stage can cause severe reactions and hospitalization. Few treatment and detection options are available for this pathogen. A unique characteristic of P. vivax is that it depends on the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) on the surface of host red blood cells for invasion. P. vivax employs the Duffy binding protein (DBP) to bind to DARC. We first de novo designed a three helical bundle scaffolding database which was screened via protease digestions for stability. Protease‐resistant scaffolds highlighted thresholds for stability, which we utilized for selecting DARC mimetics that we subsequentially designed through grafting and redesign of these scaffolds. The optimized design small helical protein disrupts the DBP:DARC interaction. The inhibitor blocks the receptor binding site on DBP and thus forms a strong foundation for a therapeutic that will inhibit reticulocyte infection and prevent the pathogenesis of P. vivax malaria.
Integrated water resources management: A new strategy for DSS development and implementation
Authors: Ma Qiang , Gourbesville Philippe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the recent concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is continuously searching for modern operational approaches to be implemented in practice, the Decision Support Systems (DSSs) have been considered a major effective tool for supporting IWRM. According to the weaknesses and limitations in the current DSSs, this paper presents a new DSS development strategy based on an architecture design including higher levels of competitive advantages in system flexibility, product maintenance, and user acceptance. Instead of producing a DSS as a stand‐alone product limited to real‐time monitoring, the selected approach presents a design for a real‐time DSS service setup with a multilayered user interface and a multimodular modeling system. The methodology has been used and implemented over the Var catchment (2800 km2) and has been validated with an operational application. The designed DSS is currently used by the local management authorities with a high level of user satisfaction with monitoring and forecast services. The obtained result underlines the promising applicability of the proposed approach for other DSSs addressing utilities.