bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pediatric Anemia in Rural Population of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chatterjee Debopriya , More Swapnil A. , Joshi Sneha R. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
World Health Organization showed that the prevalence of anemia among children of 6–59 months was 42.6% globally in 2011 and 59% in India. Fourth National Family Health Survey, 2016, shows 58.6% of Indian children are anemic, of which 53.8% are in Maharashtra, especially among rural children.

AIMS:
The aim of the study was to study the morphologic and cytometric evaluation of anemia in pediatric population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the ethics committee. All patients that came to outpatient department and inpatient department between 2016 and 2018, satisfying the inclusion criteria were included. Routine investigations performed were hemoglobin estimation, blood indices, and peripheral blood smear examination.

RESULTS:
The total number of pediatric patients that were found to be anemic was 400 (54.9%). Toddlers, aged 6 months to 6 years, were most anemic (48.0%). Moderate severity of anemia was seen most frequently (50.5%). Microcytic hypochromic anemia (67.0%), iron deficiency anemia was the most common cause seen (65.2%).

CONCLUSION:
The occurrence of anemia in children is essential to be constantly monitored to identify causes, formation of intervention strategies, and ensure already formed national programs are effective.
Weak Transcranial Direct Current Effect on I Waves
Authors: Gurses Asli Akyol , Boran Hurrem Evren , Vuralli Doga , Cengiz Bulent 
Published: April 2022

Background:
A single transcranial magnetic pulse over the motor cortex is known to generate repetitive descending activity along the corticospinal tract. With respect to the origin; the earliest volley is named direct wave and the subsequent activity forms indirect (I) waves. I waves are assumed to originate from corticocortical afferents; they can be modulated by several methods and are practical parameters for evaluating motor cortex excitability. Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which has been widely used in human studies since the early 2000s, is a noninvasive and painless modulatory method for studying cortical excitability. We aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on I waves of healthy controls, as a component of the motor evoked potential response generator.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. One mA tDCS was applied for 10 min and; single motor unit (SMU) recording technique was used for the identification of I waves. Two conditions were analyzed for each SMU in both anodal and cathodal current polarities; before tDCS and after tDCS. Separate peristimulus time histograms were constituted for each condition. Total peak duration, early peak latency, early peak duration, and early peak discharge rate were calculated.

Results:
Total peak duration, early peak latency, and early peak duration did not differ between pre- and post-tDCS conditions in either polarity. However, I1 peak discharge rate was found to be significantly decreased after cathodal tDCS (P: 0.017) and increased after anodal tDCS (P: 0.003).

Conclusion:
Our results confirm polarity-specific effects of tDCS of the primary motor cortex on I waves. According to our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating modulatory effects of tDCS on I waves using SMU recording technique.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage among Hypertensive Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albakr Aishah Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke, yet there is paucity of evidence regarding the same from Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:
To describe the clinical characteristics of spontaneous ICH as well as determine the role of gender in ICH and the usefulness of the ICH scoring system for assessing the 30-day mortality risk.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between April 01, 2014, and April 30, 2019. Data regarding clinical characteristics, risk factors, and radiological features of ICH were extracted. Further, gender-related differences were determined. The 30-day mortality rates were assessed using the ICH score.

Results:
A total of 148 patients were diagnosed with spontaneous ICH during the study period. Of these, 100 (67.5%) were male and the overall mean age was 60 ± 15 years. About 48% of the male patients were aged ≤50 years compared to 27% of the female patients (P = 0.016). Impaired renal function (35.8%) and diabetes (33.7%) were the most frequent risk factors; hemiparesis (51%) and language impairment (42%) were the most common presenting symptoms; and basal ganglia (40.5%) was the most common location. The 30-day mortality rate was 30%. The mean ICH score at presentation was significantly high in those who died within 30 days of presentation (2.2 ± 1.6; P < 0.0001). Each increase in the ICH score was associated with an increase in mortality rate (P < 0.001 for trend).

Conclusion:
Patients with spontaneous ICH were found to have a high prevalence of vascular risk factors and mortality rate. The ICH scoring system was shown to be a useful clinical tool for evaluating the 30-day mortality risk.
Is a Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy Necessary after Fistulotomy in a Fissure–Fistula Complex?
Authors: Diaz Sarah E. , Morgan Brittney L. , McClure Amanda M. , Hain Jon M. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Fissure–fistula complex is a poorly described condition involving patients with chronic anal fissure and associated fistula-in-ano. Currently, there are no published guidelines on the surgical management of this problem.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to help establish guidelines for the surgical management of patients with fissure–fistula complex.

Design:
The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Data were obtained from the operative reports and medical records of patients from two colorectal surgery practices in southeast Michigan from 2000 to 2019.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-nine patients (47% female, 53% male) with fissure–fistula complexes were included for data analysis. The average age was 45 years. A total of 45 patients (92%) had no previous anorectal surgery, 45 (92%) had a posterior fissure complex, 26 (53%) had an intersphincteric fistula, and 23 (47%) had a low transsphincteric fistula. Although this was a retrospective study, data were described for outcomes of patients who received only a simple fistulotomy as a treatment for fissure–fistula complex.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was the necessity of a lateral internal sphincterotomy after fistulotomy for resolution of the fissure.

Sample Size:
Forty-nine patients.

Results:
Three patients (6%) required repeat fistulotomy or abscess drainage during the follow-up period, and only one patient (2%) required a lateral sphincterotomy to resolve the chronic fissure. Forty-five patients (98%) healed their fissures after fistulotomy without sphincterotomy (95% confidence interval [89.1, 99.9]).

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that there is no likely need for a lateral internal sphincterotomy in addition to a fistulotomy in patients with a fissure–fistula complex for resolution of the chronic fissure. Clinical guidelines for the management of this condition should highlight primary fistulotomy as the standard treatment of fissure–fistula complex.

Limitations:
This study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size.

Conflict of Interest:
None.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА УРОКАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Акбарова Дилором 
Published: April 2022

В статье говорится об актуальных задачах современного русского языка, который должен быть обучающим, воспитывающим, развивающим и интересным. Внедрение педагогических технологий в учебный процесс, который является неотъемлемой частью образовательного процесса.
ТРАВЕЛОГ ИЛИ СЛОВО О ПУТЕШЕСТВИИ
Authors: Джалилова Хуршида 
Published: April 2022

Данная статья посвящается одной из актуальных тем в литературоведении жанру путешествия. Автор констатируют о том, что в настоящее время в зарубежном литературоведении используется термин «travelogue», вместо традиционного жанра путешествий. Для определения данного термина автор обращается к исследованиям зарубежных исследователей, что позволяет выявить определения данного жанра, его признаки, элементы. В статье также дается сравнение признаков жанров «саёхатнома», литературный жанр путешествий и «травелог», поднимаются проблемы эквивалентности и идентичности.
Nutrición y ejercicio físico, una considerable propuesta de ayuda no farmacológica ante el COVID-19 (Nutrition and exercise, a considerable proposal for non-pharmacological help against COVID-19)
Authors: Ramos Espinoza Manuel Alexis , Narrea Vargas José Jairo , Castillo-Paredes Antonio 
Published: April 2022

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 es una enfermedad infecciosa que se identificó por primera vez en la ciudad de Wuhan en China. Hasta la fecha, la obesidad sarcopénica y la desnutrición proteica-energética mantienen una estrecha asociación con la aparición de formas graves de COVID-19, por lo que la presente revisión se centra en la importancia de una alimentación y ejercicio físico adecuados con el objetivo de disminuir la severidad de las infecciones por COVID-19 y de qué forma estos confluyen para complementar tratamientos médicos. Un exceso de grasa corporal y la aparición de desnutrición, nos mantienen más vulnerables a contraer la enfermedad por coronavirus; una pandemia de gran magnitud que, para distintas organizaciones internacionales de salud, se encuentra vinculada a dos tópicos centrales: La nutrición y el ejercicio físico. El desarrollo y aplicación de nuevas intervenciones nutricionales y de ejercicio es requerida con urgencia con el objetivo de no solo reducir la obesidad, desnutrición y sarcopenia adquiridos durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus sino también para brotes virales que posiblemente puedan acontecer a futuro.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease that was first identified in the city of Wuhan in China. To date, sarcopenic obesity and protein-energy malnutrition maintain a close association with the appearance of severe forms of COVID-19, so this review focuses on the importance of adequate nutrition and physical exercise to reduce the severity COVID-19 infections and how they come together to complement medical treatments. An excess of body fat and the appearance of malnutrition, keep us more vulnerable to contracting the coronavirus disease; a pandemic of great magnitude that, for different international health organizations, is linked to two central topics: nutrition and physical exercise. The development and application of new nutritional and exercise interventions is urgently required with the aim of not only reducing obesity, malnutrition and sarcopenia acquired during the coronavirus disease pandemic but also for viral outbreaks that may possibly occur in the future.
Promoting tactical-technical actions during small-sided soccer games: A narrative review on constraints’ manipulation within ecological teaching models (Promoción de acciones técnico-tácticas durante partidos de fútbol reducidos: una revisión narrativa s
Authors: Borges Eduardo De Paula Amorim , Praça Gibson Moreira , Figueiredo Lucas Savassi , Vieira Carlos Alexandre , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira 
Published: April 2022

Aiming to improve the players’ performance in soccer, coaches and teachers have been employing contemporary training methods, which include the use of small-sided games. These games are pedagogical tools used in training sessions to improve the players' tactical, technical, physical and psychological skills in environments that are similar to the formal game. The use of small-sided games has advantages in the soccer teaching-learning-training process, as long as the coach comprehends which game variables should be manipulated to achieve his/her goals. In this regard, this narrative review aimed to present and discuss the manipulation of some aspects that influence the tactical-technical modulation in small-sided soccer games. The effectiveness of small-sided games as pedagogical tools depends on its multiple configurations, such as the composition of teams, the number of players per team, the size of the pitch and the manipulation of the game rules. These game configurations must be aligned with the goals of the coach and the team, and meet the athletes' ability to solve problem-situations, based on their tactical-technical knowledge.
Resumen. Con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento de los jugadores en el fútbol, ​​los entrenadores y profesores han estado empleando métodos de entrenamiento contemporáneos, que incluyen el uso de juegos reducidos. Estos juegos son herramientas pedagógicas que se utilizan en las sesiones de entrenamiento para mejorar las habilidades tácticas, técnicas, físicas y psicológicas de los jugadores en entornos similares al juego formal. El uso de juegos reducidos tiene el potencial de brindar ventajas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje-entrenamiento del fútbol, ​​ siempre que el entrenador comprenda qué variables del juego se deben manipular para lograr sus objetivos. En este sentido, esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo presentar y discutir la manipulación de algunos aspectos que influyen en la modulación táctico-técnica en partidos de fútbol reducidos. La efectividad de los juegos reducidos como herramientas pedagógicas depende de sus múltiples configuraciones, como la composición de los equipos, el número de jugadores por equipo, el tamaño del campo y la manipulación de las reglas del juego. Estas configuraciones de juego deben estar alineadas con los objetivos del entrenador y del equipo, además de cumplir con la capacidad de los atletas para resolver situaciones-problemas, de acuerdo con sus conocimientos táctico-técnicos.
Efectividad de un programa de telerrehabilitación sobre la funcionalidad y satisfacción del usuario de los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 en tiempos de pandemia (Effectiveness of a telerehabilitation program on the functionality and user satisfaction of COVI
Authors: Leao Ribeiro Ivana , Lorca Luz Alejandra , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Pizarro Marta 
Published: April 2022

Este estudio tiene por objetivo describir los efectos de un programa de telerrehabilitación en la funcionalidad y satisfacción usuaria de sobrevivientes de COVID-19 en un hospital público. Se trata de un estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Fueron compilados los antecedentes de veinte personas adultas usuarios de un hospital público de recursos limitados que habían ingresado a un programa de telerrehabilitación liderado por fisioterapeutas entre los meses de junio y octubre de 2020. Se compilaron las variables funcionales de capacidad funcional y fuerza de extremidades inferiores con la prueba Sit-to-Stand, el estado funcional evaluado con el Functional Status Scale, la fatiga evaluada con el Fatigue assessment scale y la independencia en actividades de la vida diaria (AVDs) evaluada con el Índice de Barthel. También fueron compilados las encuestas de satisfacción usuarias que contestaban los pacientes luego de finalizada la intervención. Posterior a la telerrehabilitación los pacientes mejoraron la capacidad funcional y fuerza de extremidades inferiores, el estado funcional, AVDs (p<0.01; rango de tamaño de efecto=-0.18;-0.40) y manifestaron una buena satisfacción usuaria. No hubo diferencias en la percepción de fatiga (p=0.33; tamaño efecto=0.08) posterior a la intervención. Se concluye que un programa estructurado de telerrehabilitación para sobrevivientes de COVID-19, resultó ser efectivo para la funcionalidad y la satisfacción usuaria de esta población.
Abstract. This study’s objective is to describe the effects of a telerehabilitation program on functionality and user satisfaction of COVID-19 survivors in public hospitals. It is an observational, longitudinal and retrospective study. The background was compiled from medical twenty adult user from public hospitals with limited resources, whom had entered a telerehabilitation program supervised by physiotherapists between June and October 2020 were complied. The functional capacity variables of functional capacity and lower extremity strength with Sit-to-Stand test, the functional status evaluated with the Fatigue assessment scale and the independence doing daily life activities (AVDs) evaluated with the Barthel Index. The user satisfaction surveys that patients answered after the intervention had ended were also compiled. After telerehabilitation, patients improved functional capacity and lower limb strength, functional status, AVDs (p<0.01; effect size range=-0.18;-0.40) and expressed good user satisfaction. There were no differences in fatigue perception (p=0.33; effect size=0.08) after the intervention. We concluded that a structured telerehabilitation program for COVID-19 survivors, proved to be effective for functionality and user satisfaction of this population.
Velocity of the Five Sit-to-Stand Test in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (Velocidad de la prueba sentado-de pie de cinco repeticiones en adultos mayores: Una revisión sistemática)
Authors: Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Miranda-Fuentes Claudia , Pérez-Doncel Julieta , Rool-Maureira Bárbara , Saavedra-Rincón Francisca , Zambra-Álvarez Rocío , Intelangelo Leonardo , Guede-Rojas Francisco 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values of the velocity of execution of the five Sit-to-Stand in older adults through a systematic review of the literature. Three databases were reviewed: Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science, with the deadline of March 2021. The search terms were: "sit to stand" OR "stand to sit" OR "chair rise" OR "chair rising" AND "kinematic" OR "velocity". The experimental studies were evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Assessment (QUADAS) scale by independent reviewers. A total of seven studies were included. The velocity of execution in older adults (n=85) that presented neurological health conditions was between 0.33 m/s and 0.38 m/s. In the healthy (n=246) ones it was between 0.27 m/s and 0.94 m/s. Between 60 to 70 years (n=157) it was from 0.31 m/s and 1.59 m/s, and from 70 to 80 years (n=225) it was from 0.27 m/s and 1.04 m/s. The execution velocity of five Sit-to-Stand in older adults ranges from a minimum of 0.27 m/s to a maximum of 1.59 m/s for the complete stop-and-sit cycle. These antecedents may be useful to predict or detect functional alterations and disability.
Resumen.El propósito de este estudio fue determinar los valores de referencia de la prueba sentado-de pie de cinco repeticiones en adultos mayores a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se revisaron tres bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), Scopus y Web of Science con fecha límite Marzo del 2021. Los términos de búsqueda fueron: "sit to stand" OR "stand to sit" OR "chair rise" OR "chair rising" AND "kinematic" OR "velocity". Los estudios experimentales se evaluaron por revisores independientes mediante la escala “Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Assessment (QUADAS)”. Se incluyó un total de siete estudios. La velocidad de ejecución en adultos mayores que presentaban condiciones de salud neurológica (n=85) estuvo entre 0.33 m/s y 0.38 m/s. En sujetos sanos (n=246) estuvo entre 0.27 m/s y 0.94 m/s. En sujetos entre 60 a 70 años (n=157) fue de 0.31 m/s y 1.59 m/s, y de 70 a 80 años (n=225) fue de 0.27 m/s y 1.04 m/s. La velocidad de ejecución de la prueba sentado-de pie de cinco repeticiones en adultos mayores varía desde un mínimo de 0.27 m/s hasta un máximo de 1.59 m/s para el ciclo completo de parar y sentarse. Estos antecedentes pueden ser útiles para predecir o detectar alteraciones funcionales y discapacidad.
Pandemic Triage Criteria by COVID-19: Multiple approaches
Authors: Luzuriaga Veronica , Rueda Gabriela , Quiroga Josue , Montesdeoca Gitti , Calahorrano Jose 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the most relevant criteria considered in the face of a lack of resources and medical infrastructure to prioritize the treatment of patients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. From a systematic review, points of view have been collected considering the medical and social fields. Multiple divergences were found in these views depending on the countries, resources, religious approaches, and political aspects that have been adapted according to the circumstances of each nation.
Keywords: Triage, COVID-19, public health.
Behaviour of training loads and physical performance during a period of 6 weeks in high-intensity functional training practitioners
Authors: Teixeira Rômulo Vasconcelos , de Matos Dihogo Gama , Da Silva Leandro Medeiros , Aidar Felipe José , De Araújo Tinôco Cabral Breno Guilherme 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe present study aimed to analyse the behaviour of training loads and evaluate specific aspects of physical fitness during a period of 6 weeks in high-intensity functional training (HIFT) practitioners.MethodsThe study included 12 practitioners (4 men and 8 women; age: 31.08 ± 4.80 years) of HIFT. The session rating of perceived exertion was routinely collected after each training session for 6 weeks. The sum and average of the weekly loads of training, strain, monotony, and acute/chronic workload ratio were recorded for analysis. In addition, the athletes underwent sprint, countermovement jump, and handgrip strength tests before and after the 6 weeks of HIFT.ResultsA constant dynamic of the weekly internal training loads and the mean internal training loads was observed, with difference in the results from weeks 1 to 3 (<i>F</i> = 3.283; <i>p</i> = 0.02). In addition, the practitioners obtained superior results in countermovement jump (<i>t</i> = 3.573; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and lower limb muscle power (<i>t</i> = 3.536; <i>p</i> = 0.005) after the 6 weeks.ConclusionsThe internal training load varied significantly only from weeks 1 to 3 over the 6 weeks. In addition, we observed that the 6-week HIFT was able to generate functional adaptations only in countermovement jump and lower limb muscle power.
Effect of Low-Cost Technology on Biology Students’ Academic Performance in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Ebenezer Omolafe , Olumorin Charles Olabode , Barakat Barakat , Omolafe Eyiyemi Veronica 
Published: April 2022

This study examined the effect of Low-cost Technology on Secondary School students’ academic performance in Biology. Quasi-experimental research of post-test non-randomized control group design was adopted for this study. This design was adopted to compare the performance of students who were taught the concept of biology with low-cost technology and those taught without the low-cost technology. Two intact classes from two secondary schools were randomly sampled. The instruments used were Lesson Note (LN), Biology Performance Test (BPT) for data gathering, and Low-Cost Technology (3D Model of Plant and Animal Cells). BPT was subjected to pilot testing and a reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained using the Kuder Richardson KR-20. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were formulated for the study. Findings show that the 3D Model of Plant and Animal Cell significantly influences the understanding of the topic “Plant and Animal Cells” among students irrespective of their gender and institutional ownership. Secondary school teachers should make use of those low-cost technological resources available in their environment for the production of instructional materials.