bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use disorders
Authors: Silverman Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and complex medical disease characterized by uncontrollable craving, compulsive substance seeking, continued use despite known consequences, tolerance, and withdrawal. Stressors related to work, relationships, loneliness, mental health conditions, pain, and social and environmental cues can function as antecedents for substance craving and use. As such, addiction is often considered a disease of the brain, as it impacts multiple neurological circuits, including those involved in learning and memory, inhibitory control over behavior, reward, and motivation. This chapter providers readers with an overview of substance use disorders as a social problem. The language used to describe aspects of substance use disorders is highlighted to reduce stigma and marginalization. Readers are provided with information about different addiction models, motivation, and the Transtheoretical Stages of Change.
Origins and Scenes
Authors: Hayton Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 details the arrival of punk in East and West Germany, first impressions among youths and society, the establishment of scenes in both countries, and the sociological dimensions of the early subculture. Youths learned of punk from the mainstream media (print, images, radio, and television) on both sides of the Iron Curtain and, inspired by what they saw and heard, traveled to London and Budapest to learn so they could recreate the subculture back home. Youths thought punk could help them overcome what they perceived was a period of boredom (an Eternal Seventies), with the genre becoming a vehicle for imagining difference in the present. While never more than a few thousand, predominantly young men in both East and West, the subculture nonetheless provided women with an important entry point into German rock ‘n’ roll culture and had an outsized public presence.
Religion and Resistance
Authors: Hayton Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the relationships between punks and the Protestant Churches, and the subculture and the political opposition in East Germany. After Härte gegen Punk, surviving youths retreated into youth outreach programs in the Protestant Churches where they were increasingly socialized into the politics of the opposition groups then beginning to gather there. Engaging in a variety of subversive activities—environmentalism, human rights, pacifism, feminism—punks challenged the regime by publicly eroding the political legitimacy of the communist system with their music and concerts. However, the presence of punks led to countless disputes with religious leaders and dissidents, turmoil which complicates the belief that the churches and political opposition were united against the regime. In the face of the increasing political threat presented by punk, the secret police, the Stasi, infiltrated the scene and co-opted countless youths as informers, although punk spies were not particularly helpful in curbing subcultural opposition.
Epilogue
Authors: Hayton Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Epilogue analyzes punk memory cultures from East and West Germany in reunited Germany since 1989. For former Easterners, punk has become a stand-in for an alternative GDR, a resisting East Germany, a culture that was not gray and stagnant but vibrant and colorful, a subculture in which ex-East Germans can be proud; more than anything, punk is a source of stability and identity for those unhappy with the rigors of reunification. For former Westerners, punk is increasingly integrated into a tradition of national art and music culture, part of Germany’s participation in transnational trends which positions the nation at the forefront of innovation, and a source of diversity and pluralism. In both cases, punk was a fleeting moment of subversion and nonconformity, in which youths were able to construct alternative worlds and pursue unconventional beliefs. And the flourishing punk memory cultures which record these insurgencies tell us much more about the present than they do about the past, a present that speaks for a desire among Germans for difference and alternativeness.
OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8
Authors: Wu Qi , Liu Yingfan , Xie Zizhao , Yu Bo , Sun Ying , Huang Junli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ideal plant architecture and drought tolerance are important determinants of yield potential in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we found that OsNAC016, a rice NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor, functions as a regulator in the crosslink between brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated plant architecture and abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated drought responses. The loss-of-function mutant osnac016 exhibited erect leaves and shortened internodes, but OsNAC016-overexpressing plants had opposite phenotypes. Further investigation revealed that OsNAC016 regulated the expression of the BR biosynthesis gene D2 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, OsNAC016 interacted with and was phosphorylated by GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 (GSK2), a negative regulator in the BR pathway. Meanwhile, the mutant osnac016 had improved drought stress tolerance, supported by a decreased water loss rate and enhanced stomatal closure in response to exogenous ABA, but OsNAC016-overexpressing plants showed attenuated drought tolerance and reduced ABA sensitivity. Further, OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE8 (SAPK8) phosphorylated OsNAC016 and reduced its stability. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is an important degradation pathway of OsNAC016 via the interaction with PLANT U-BOX PROTEIN43 (OsPUB43) that mediates the ubiquitination of OsNAC016. Notably, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed global roles of OsNAC016 in promoting BR-mediated gene expression and repressing ABA-dependent drought-responsive gene expression, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR analysis. Our findings establish that OsNAC016 is positively involved in BR-regulated rice architecture, negatively modulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance, and is regulated by GSK2, SAPK8, and OsPUB43 through posttranslational modification. Our data provide insights into how plants balance growth and survival by coordinately regulating the growth-promoting signaling pathway and response under abiotic stresses.
Race, power, and policy: understanding state anti-eviction policies during COVID-19
Authors: Michener Jamila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the United States, striking racial disparities in COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were one of the core patterns of the virus. These racial disproportionalities were a result of structural factors—laws, rules, and practices embedded in economic, social, and political systems. Public policy is central among such structural features. Policies distribute advantages, disadvantages, benefits, and burdens in ways that generate, reinforce, or redress racial inequities. Crucially, public policy is a function of power relations, so understanding policy decisions requires attentiveness to power. This paper asseses statistical associations between racial power and state anti-eviction policies. Charting the timing of state policy responses between March 2020 and June 2021, I examine correlations between response times and racial power as reflected in state populations, voting constituencies, legislatures, and social movement activities. Ultimately, I do not find any significant associations. The null results underscore the complexities and difficulties of studying race, power, and public policy with theoretical nuance and empirical care. While the findings leave us with much to learn about how racial power operates, the conceptualization and theorizing offered in the paper, instructively underscore the value of centering racial power in analyses of public policy.
Decision flexibilities in autism spectrum disorder: an fMRI study of moral dilemmas
Authors: Tei Shisei , Tanicha Mizuki , Itahashi Takashi , Aoki Yuta Y , Ohta Haruhisa , Qian Chenyu , Hashimoto Ryu-ichiro , Nakamura Motoaki , Takahashi Hidehiko , Kato Nobumasa , Fujino Junya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
People make flexible decisions across a wide range of contexts to resolve social or moral conflicts. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report difficulties in such behaviors, which hinders the flexibility in changing strategies during daily activities or adjustment of perspective during communication. However, the underlying mechanisms of this issue are insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate decision flexibility in ASD using a functional magnetic resonance imaging task that involved recognizing and resolving two types of moral dilemmas: cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and mitigating inevitable misconducts (MIM). The CBA session assessed the participants’ pitting of result-oriented outcomes against distressful harmful actions, whereas the MIM session assessed their pitting of the extenuation of a criminal sentence against a sympathetic situation of defendants suffering from violence or disease. The behavioral outcome in CBA-related flexibility was significantly lower in the ASD group compared to that of the typical development group. In the corresponding CBA contrast, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus was lower in the ASD group. Meanwhile, in the MIM-related flexibility, there were no significant group differences in behavioral outcome or brain activity. Our findings add to our understanding of flexible decision-making in ASD.
Neural connectivity underlying adolescent social learning in sibling dyads
Authors: Rogers Christy R , Fry Cassidy M , Lee Tae-Ho , Galvan Michael , Gates Kathleen M , Telzer Eva H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Social learning theory posits that adolescents learn to adopt social norms by observing the behaviors of others and internalizing the associated outcomes. However, the underlying neural processes by which social learning occurs is less well-understood, despite extensive neurobiological reorganization and a peak in social influence sensitivity during adolescence. Forty-four adolescents (Mage = 12.2 years) completed an fMRI scan while observing their older sibling within four years of age (Mage = 14.3 years) of age complete a risky decision-making task. Group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) was used to examine patterns of directional brain region connectivity supporting social learning. We identified group-level neural pathways underlying social observation including the anterior insula to the anterior cingulate cortex and mentalizing regions to social cognition regions. We also found neural states based on adolescent sensitivity to social learning via age, gender, modeling, differentiation, and behavior. Adolescents who were more likely to be influenced elicited neurological up-regulation whereas adolescents who were less likely to be socially influenced elicited neurological down-regulation during risk-taking. These findings highlight patterns of how adolescents process information while a salient influencer takes risks, as well as salient neural pathways that are dependent on similarity factors associated with social learning theory.
The association between shift work exposure and the variations in age at natural menopause among adult Canadian workers: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Khan Durdana , Rotondi Michael , Edgell Heather , Tamim Hala 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
A wide range of negative health outcomes have been associated with shift work (SW) particularly night and rotating SW. However, little is known about effects of SW exposure on reproductive health outcomes. The objective of our study is to prospectively investigate the association between SW exposure and the variations in age at natural menopause among adult Canadian workers.

Methods
Secondary data analyses were performed using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging database. Premenopausal women (N = 3,688) at baseline were followed prospectively for 3 years. Three derived variables were used to measure SW primary exposure: 1) ever exposed to SW, 2) SW exposure in current job, and 3) SW exposure in the longest job. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate risk of variations in age at natural menopause after adjusting for potential confounders.

Result
One out of five women (20%) reported to be ever exposed to SW during their jobs. Overall, women who were ever exposed to SW were significantly associated with a delayed onset of menopause compared with daytime workers (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.61-0.98). Particularly, when compared with daytime workers, rotating shift worker in the current and longest job were significantly related to delayed onset of menopause (HR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.46-0.89 and HR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.49-0.86), respectively.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a relationship between rotating shift and delayed onset of menopause. We speculate that disruptive circadian stimuli may play a role in menopausal onset and this warrants further investigation.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A940.
Physical function trends and their association with mortality in postmenopausal women
Authors: Laddu Deepika R. , Saquib Nazmus , Manson JoAnn E. , Arena Ross , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Weitlauf Julie C. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Andrews Christopher , Banack Hailey , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaMonte Michael J. ,   for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Research is limited regarding the predictive utility of the RAND-36 questionnaire and physical performance tests in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and total-cancer mortality in older women.

Methods
Data on the RAND-36 questionnaire, gait speed, and chair stand performance were assessed in 5,534 women aged ≥65 years at baseline. A subset (n = 298) had physical function assessments additionally at follow-up (years 1, 3, or 6). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated associations (HR) for a 1-standard deviation (SD) difference in baseline RAND-36 scores and performance tests (alone and combined) with mortality outcomes in the overall cohort and in models stratified by enrollment age (<70 and ≥ 70 y). The relative prognostic value of each physical function exposure was assessed using the Uno concordance statistic.

Results
A total of 1,186 deaths from any cause, 402 deaths from CVD, and 382 deaths from total-cancer were identified during a mean follow-up of 12.6 years. Overall, each 1-SD unit higher baseline RAND-36 score was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (HR =0.90) and discriminatory capacity (Uno = 0.65) that was comparable to each performance exposure (HRs 0.88-0.91; Uno = 0.65). These findings were consistent in women aged <70 and ≥ 70 years. The associations of RAND-36 and performance measures with CVD mortality and total-cancer mortality were not significant in multivariable models nor in age-stratified models.

Conclusions
The RAND-36 questionnaire is a reasonable substitute for tracking physical functioning and estimating its association with all-cause mortality in older adults when clinical performance testing is not feasible.
Increasing Dorsal Tilt in Distal Radius Fractures Does Not Increase Median Nerve Strain
Authors: Obiofuma Chukwuka , Dy Christopher , Iannucci Leanne E. , Lake Spencer P. , Brogan David 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Although extensive research shows an association between distal radius fractures and the development of median nerve related pathologies such as carpal tunnel syndrome, none directly track how the resulting angular deformity relates to likelihood of development of median nerve pathology.

Methods:
Median nerve strain was measured with a custom-built system using a camera, optical markers, and a proprietary segmentation algorithm. After initial validation of the system in a cadaver model, our system was used to assess strain in 10 cadaver arms with a simulated distal radius fracture and increasing dorsal angulation. The measured strain at each angle was then analyzed using a linear regression model.

Results:
The linear regression model in the validation experiment demonstrated a regression coefficient of 1.00067 (P < 0.0001) with r2 = 0.899, thus validating the use of the optical tracking system. The average strain at maximum dorsal angulation (50 degrees) across all specimens was −0.2%. Linear regression analysis of the effect of increasing dorsal angulation on strain in the osteotomy model yielded a regression coefficient of −0.000048 (P = 0.714), r2 = 0.00129, suggesting no significant correlation between increasing dorsal tilt and median nerve strain.

Conclusions:
Increases in median nerve strain at the wrist are negligible with increasing dorsal tilt in a distal radius fracture model. It is therefore likely that other factors, such as increased pressure within the carpal tunnel, are the primary cause of median neuropathy in distal radius malunions. Therefore, correction of dorsal tilt may not be required to improve neurologic symptoms.
Lateral Tarsal Strip Complications With and Without Conjunctiva Stripping
Authors: Clauss Kevin D. , Ohana Oded , Patel Annika , Wester Sara T. , Lee Bradford , Alabiad Chrisfouad R. , Tse Brian C. , Lee Wendy W. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The lateral tarsal strip (LTS) procedure is commonly used to correct eyelid malposition. When performing LTS, some surgeons elect to remove conjunctiva from the tarsal strip, while others do not. It has been hypothesized that without conjunctival stripping, the buried conjunctival tissue can cause complications such as inclusion cysts and granulomas. However, there is limited data comparing LTS cases with and without conjunctiva removal. The authors sought to evaluate whether conjunctival stripping had any impact on complication rates with LTS.

Methods:
LTS operations for ectropion correction were retrospectively reviewed and were separated into 2 cohorts, Con (conjunctiva not removed) or Coff (conjunctival removed). Charts were reviewed for outcomes and complications including inclusion cyst formation, granuloma formation, wound dehiscence, infection, and focal rim tenderness.

Results:
The complication rate was 10% versus 8% for Con versus Coff respectively (p = 0.54). The common complications of LTS surgery were granuloma (4%), wound dehiscence (3%), focal rim tenderness (3%), and infection requiring antibiotics (<1%). There was no significant difference in these complications between the Con and Coff cohorts.

Conclusions:
Complications in both groups were minimal, similar to prior studies, and there was no difference between the 2 cohorts. While it has been suggested that buried conjunctiva may result in increased complication rates, the author’s findings suggest that removing the tarsal conjunctiva is a superfluous step in the LTS surgery and does not affect complication rates.
A prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomized, controlled trial of an “embodied” virtual reality intervention for adults with low back pain
Authors: Eccleston Christopher , Fisher Emma , Liikkanen Sammeli , Sarapohja Toni , Stenfors Carina , Jääskeläinen Satu K. , Rice Andrew S.C. , Mattila Leena , Blom Taru , Bratty J. Raymond 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adults with chronic low back pain, disability, moderate-to-severe pain, and high fear of movement and reinjury were recruited into a trial of a novel, automated, digital therapeutics, virtual reality, psychological intervention for pain (DTxP). We conducted a 3-arm, prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomized, controlled trial comparing DTxP with a sham placebo comparator and an open-label standard care. Participants were enrolled for 6 to 8 weeks, after which, the standard care control arm were rerandomized to receive either the DTxP or sham placebo. Forty-two participants completed assessments at baseline, immediately posttreatment (6-8 weeks), 9-week, and 5-month follow-up. We found that participants in the DTxP group reported greater reductions in fear of movement and better global impression of change when compared with sham placebo and standard care post treatment. No other group differences were noted at posttreatment or follow-up. When compared with baseline, participants in the DTxP group reported lower disability at 5-month follow-up, lower pain interference and fear of movement post treatment and follow-up, and lower pain intensity at posttreatment. The sham placebo group also reported lower disability and fear of movement at 5-month follow-up compared with baseline. Standard care did not report any significant changes. There were a number of adverse events, with one participant reporting a serious adverse event in the sham placebo, which was not related to treatment. No substantial changes in medications were noted, and participants in the DTxP group reported positive gaming experiences.
Serum level and clinical significance of vitamin E in pregnant women with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wu Sihai , Wang Aiping 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Allergic rhinitis is a frequent disorder during pregnancy, while in children it is triggered by significantly lower serum vitamin E level. This research aimed to investigate whether serum vitamin E level exhibited clinical significance in pregnant women with allergic rhinitis.

Methods:
In this study, 37 pregnant women with allergic rhinitis and 35 healthy pregnant women were recruited. Allergic rhinitis severity was analyzed by the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum vitamin E, interleukin (IL), and total IgE levels.

Results:
In pregnant women with allergic rhinitis, serum level of vitamin E was significantly lower than in healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin E level in pregnant women with allergic rhinitis showed a negative correlation with TNSS, IL-13, IL-4, and total IgE levels.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this research has demonstrated that pregnant women with allergic rhinitis showed significantly lower serum level of vitamin E. The decreased vitamin E showed a correlation with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis in pregnant women.