bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of oral versus long-acting antipsychotic treatment early-phase schizophrenia patients: an open-label randomized trial
Authors: Winter I. , Davidson M. , Fleischhacker W. , Kahn R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with periods of remission and relapse. Patients vary in the frequency and severity of relapse, time until relapse and time in remission. Discontinuation of antipsychotic medication is by far the most important reason for relapse. A possible method to optimize medication adherence is to treat patients with long-term, depot medication rather than oral medication.ObjectivesPrimary objective is to compare all cause discontinuation rates in patients with schizophrenia randomized to either one of the two depot medications (aripiprazole depot or paliperidone palmitate) with patients randomized to either one of the two oral formulations of the same medication (aripiprazole or paliperidone) over an 19 month follow-up period.MethodsPragmatic, randomized, open label, multicenter, multinational comparative trial consisting of a 19 month treatment period. Patients aged 18 years or older, having experienced the first psychosis 1-7 years ago, currently meeting DSM-IV-R criteria for schizophrenia. Patients are randomized 1:1:1:1 to paliperidone palmitate, aripiprazole depot, oral aripiprazole or oral paliperidone. The primary outcome is all cause discontinuation.ResultsIn the Intent to Treat sample (n=511), no difference was found in time to ACD between the combined oral and combined depot treatment arms, nor between the four individual treatment arms.ConclusionsEven though the scientific evidence comparing oral and depot medication has been inconsistent, most studies were conducted in rigorous clinical settings, which may have biased those results. In contract, given the pragmatic, open label design of the current trial, the results may be more representative of common daily practice.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lifestyle intervention on psychotherapy and exercise and their effect on physical and psychological health in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Fernández-Abascal B. , Suárez-Pinilla P. , Cobo-Corrales C. , Crespo-Facorro B. , Suarez-Pinilla M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often lead unhealthy lifestyles with higher prevalence of obesity and unfavourable cardiometabolic parameters with less life expectancy and often worse quality of life compared with general population.ObjectivesEvaluate the effectiveness of a combined intervention of exercise and psychoeducation in 48 SSD outpatients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), treated with second-generation antipsychotics and also aimed to explore if the effect persisted in a long-term follow-up of 24 months.MethodsThe intervention included a 12-week aerobic exercise program and a session of lifestyle psychoeducation. Effectiveness was measured in terms a wide range of outcomes involving physical and psychological health, functioning, quality of life, physical activity and changes in motivation to exercise in the context of the self-determination theory.ResultsThe active intervention group showed benefits after Bonferroni correction over clinical global impression, identified motivation to exercise and changes of physical activity pattern. Maintenance of effects after 24 months of follow-up was observed for identified regulation to exercise and also for negative symptoms of psychosis (Table). Table. Effects assigned-group/time-over *p≤0.05 **p≤0.01.
Variables12weeks24monthsTimeGroupxtimeGroupx timex gender
p
p
p
ppHDL (mg/dl)0.021*Negative Syndrome Scale0.044*0.004**BREQ-2- Extrinsic regulation0.008**0.004**-External0.026*-Introyected0.038*-Identified0.018*0.015*0.003**0.002**BREQ-2-Intrinsic regulation0.005**0.004**Pedometer (steps/day)0.001**0.006**ConclusionsA combined intervention on SSD outpatients with MetS showed effectiveness over several clinical parameters and functioning. Therefore, should be considered an essential part of the integral treatment in mental health services for SSD patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Implementation of a lifestyle and life-skills intervention to prevent weight-gain and cardiometabolic abnormalities in people with first-episode psychosis: the Keeping the Body in Mind program
Authors: Curtis J. , Teasdale S. , Morell R. , Wadhwa P. , Lederman O. , Fibbins H. , Watkins A. , Ward P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe development of obesity and metabolic abnormalities that seed future ill-health occur early with antipsychotic treatment. In 2013, the 12-week Keeping the Body in Mind (KBIM) pilot lifestyle intervention was delivered to a small sample of youth experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) with <4 weeks of antipsychotic exposure in a cluster-controlled design. The control group experienced significant increases in weight (mean 7.8kg) and waist circumference (mean 7.1cm) compared to non-significant increases (mean 1.8kg) in the KBIM group.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of KBIM as routine care on anthropometry and metabolic biochemistry in a larger sample of youth with FEP across three mental health services.MethodsThis retrospective chart audit was conducted on youth with FEP, prescribed a therapeutic dose of antipsychotic medication, and who engaged with KBIM between 2015 and 2019. Primary outcomes were weight and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids. Outcomes were collected in a pre-post design. Implementation elements were also obtained from the participant’s medical file.ResultsOne-hundred and eighty-two people met inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were available on up to 134 people for individual outcomes. Mean number of sessions attended was 11.1 (SD=7.3). Weight and waist changes were limited to 1.5kg (SD=5.3, t(133)=3.2, p=0.002) and 0.7cm (SD=5.8, t(109)=1.2, p=0.23). Nineteen percent experienced clinically significant weight gain. There were no changes to blood pressure or metabolic biochemistry.ConclusionsThe positive outcomes for weight and waist circumference found in the initial pilot study were maintained with implementation as routine care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychedelic Psychiatry
Authors: Nutt D. 
Published: September 2022

The last decade has seen a remarkable resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin (from magic mushrooms) LSD and DMT (dimethyl tryptamine – the active ingredient of ayahuasca). This has been driven by the discovery that these psychedelics all act agonists of
5-HT2A receptors. Human imaging studies have revealed this action leads to profound alterations in brain measures of activity particularly in terms of increased entropy of EEG MEG and fMRI signals and reduced within-network, but increased between-network, connectivity. In addition they all can increase synaptic growth and brain plasticity. These findings not only explain the subjective nature of the psychedelic experience but also have implications for the treatment of internalising disorders such as depression addiction anorexia and OCD that are characterised by increased within network connectivity especially of the default mode network. Subsequent trials, particularly of psilocybin, in these disorders has revealed significant clinical benefits from even just a single administration. A number of companies have now been set up to extend these discoveries with regulatory-level trials that could result in market authorisations within a few years. My talk will explore these brain mechanisms and clinical data and discuss the potential place of psychedelic medicine in the future of psychiatry.DisclosureI am an advisor to Compass pathways and Beckley Psytec two companies that are developing psychedelics for depression and other psychiatric indications. Several members of my research group receive support from these companies and also from Small Pharma.
Child abuse during COVID-19 pandemic: what we can see
Authors: Reina F. , Vitrano F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 caused an ongoing health emergency that rapidly spread worldwide, so all countries adopted exceptional health measures to reduce disease’s transmission. The stress caused by pandemic presents increasing risks for family violence and for child abuses. Interinstitutional Equips of Abusive and Maltreatment (IEAM) deals with the management of abusive families in Palermo’s territory. IEAM starts evaluations after the interventions of the court solicited by a complaint filed by teachers, law enforcements or members of the family. IEAM is formed by consultations in maternity ward, child welfare service and school educational psychologists.ObjectivesThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the variations of child abuse and maltreatment reported during local and National lockdown due to pandemic. Reported cases were compared with the previous year.MethodsThe authors collected data of IEAM’s advisory from January 2019 until August 2021. The number of cases was evaluated monthly.ResultsWe observed 124 cases in 2019, 145 in 2020 and 94 until August 2021. Advisory reductions coincided with the service activity reduction in August of every year and in March 2020 when Italy declared national lockdown. Social isolation represents a risk factor for child abuse. Although the increase of cases was quite stable, there are reasons to speculate that the reporting of child abuse and maltreatment decreased since home isolation hampered the access to responsible services.ConclusionsSchool closure together with the strong reduction of social care and monitoring during and after lockdown might have increased the domestic violence. Lastly, the child abuse may be underreported despite the effective increase.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cognitive Trajectory of COVID-19 and Long COVID in Adult Survivors
Authors: Vakani K. , Ratto M. , Sandford-James A. , Antonova E. , Kumari V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCognitive functioning and psychological well-being are considered negatively affected by COVID-19. An estimated 15%-40% of COVID-19 patients report disrupted cognitive performance. Higher rates of anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances are also reported post infection.ObjectivesWe examined the profile of cognitive changes in a group of adults with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to those without a COVID-19 diagnosis (cross-sectional between-subjects investigation); and for a subgroup, compared to their
pre-COVID-19 cognitive function (longitudinal within-subjects investigation).MethodsOne hundred and twenty-one adults (57 with no known history of COVID-19; 64 with confirmed COVID-19; 17/64 with long COVID symptoms) were assessed online for psychological well-being and cognitive function (attention, processing speed, working memory, episodic memory and executive function). Pre-COVID-19 cognitive data were available for 56 of 121 adults (24 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19; 22 with no known history of COVID-19) through the MyCognition database.ResultsThe COVID-19 group showed reduced processing speed in both cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations, and also showed significant attentional impairment when examined cross-sectionally. Five long COVID symptoms (abdominal pain, chest pain, sore eyes/conjunctivitis, sore throat and vomiting/nausea) were associated with reduced performance in multiple cognitive domains. Higher levels of depression and anxiety were also present in the COVID-19 group but these symptoms were mostly unrelated to cognitive performance.ConclusionsCOVID-19 survivors, especially those with long COVID symptoms, are very likely to experience cognitive disruption. Measures need to be implemented to support their cognitive recovery in addition to the physical recovery.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Transcultural Aspect of Mental Health Care
Authors: Schouler-Ocak M. 
Published: September 2022

Culture is not simply the aggregate of individual traits but a more or less coherent system of shared meanings, institutions and practices (i.e. beliefs, attitudes and values). It is a repository of meaningful symbols that structure experience both implicitly and through explicit models. Culture shapes how and what psychiatric symptoms are expressed, influences the meanings that are given to symptoms and impacts the interaction between the patient and the health care system. Explanatory models are the ways in which individuals in different cultures see the core reasons of their suffering. The DSM-5 cultural formulation interview is developed to be used as clinical instrument and valuable tool. It is evident that phenomena such as the increasing migratory flows and the globalisation of prevailing social criteria referred to the economy, trade, religion and the perception and the attribution of the causes of disease have determined a shift in the world cultural balance that have direct repercussions on World Mental Health. More specifically, it needs to be seen how the transcultural differences in the personality configurations and psychological operations can be correlated with the cross-cultural differences in psychopathology to arrive at an understanding of these. Furthermore, understanding the central role of culture of mental health and illness must, therefore, be central to any vision of the future of psychiatry. In this presentation transcultural aspects of mental health care in psychiatry will be highlighted and discussed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Different cultures and sexual unwellness in older adults: A qualitative study with older populations from Slovenia and Portugal
Authors: Von Humboldt S. , Rolo J. , Ribeiro-Gonçalves J.A. , Benko E. , Low G. , Leal I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOder adults have been stereotyped (1), both explicitly and implicitly, as being asexual or naturally lacking sexual desires (2).ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyse the perspectives of sexual unwellness (SU) of Portuguese and Slovenian older adults.MethodsA qualitative research was carried out, in which these perceptions were analysed at a cultural level. Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 136 older participants, between 65 and 96 years of age. Participants were of two different nationalities and lived in the community. Participants were interviewed, and all interviews were carried out through the process of literal transcription and subsequent content analysis.ResultsEight key mutually exclusive themes emerged from the interviews: unavailability of partner; traditional values; body restrictions; low self-esteem and well-being; poor social support; dissatisfaction with physical appearance; pain during sex; and difficulties meeting new people. Unavailability of partner was the most important theme (17.9%) for the studied sample and specifically among Portuguese participants. Conversely, difficulties meeting new people was the least reported theme (6.8%) for the entire sample. For Slovenians traditional values were most relevant with respect to feeling sexually unwell.ConclusionsOlder adults from two different countries reported diverse sexual experiences. Eight mutual-exclusive themes were extensively illustrated. 1.von Humboldt S et al. Sexual expression in old age: How older adults from different cultures express sexually? Sex Res Social Policy. 2020;1-15. 2.von Humboldt S et al. Are older adults satisfied with their sexuality? Outcomes from a cross-cultural study. Educ Gerontol. 2020;46:284-293.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Accessibility of migrants to mental health services
Authors: Zartaloudi A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCultural barriers and prejudices of mental healthcare professionals may promote inequalities in the provision of care to immigrant population and have a negative impact in provided service quality.ObjectivesTo identify barriers and facilitators of immigrants’ accessibility to mental health services.MethodsA literature review has been made through PubMed database.ResultsImmigrants’ accessibility to mental health services may be related to social insurance problems, inadequate knowledge about their health rights, inadequate knowledge of the local language, as well as the bureaucracy of Greek State which may complicate mental health examination and treatment. The challenges faced by mental healthcare professionals in terms of diagnosis and treatment of migrants include communication difficulties due to linguistic and cultural differences as far as verbal presentation of symptoms and illness behavior is concerned. Culturally competent mental health professionals should work to erase racism and prejudice, to be familiar with cultural issues and have adequate knowledge related to cultural groups, to learn the life story of each patient separately and encourage patients to explain how their illness affects their lives, promoting a trustful communication environment in the context of healthcare provision.ConclusionsExploring the specific needs of migrants as well as assessing the degree of satisfaction from their access to healthcare services are essential to providing integrated mental health care for people from different culture.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effectiveness of Posttraumatic Growth Interventions among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Üzar-Özçetin Y.S. , Öcalan S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlthough cancer is a debilitating experience, it can also increase meaning and satisfaction in one’s life.ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of interventions that aim to develop posttraumatic growth among cancer survivors.MethodsSeven databasis were searched for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2020. The findings of randomized controlled trials related to interventions to effect posttraumatic growth of cancer survivors were included. Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate the effect.ResultsThe effect of the interventions on posttraumatic growth among cancer survivors were heterogeneous. The effect size was statistically significant (Tables 1,2).Table 1
k
Total n
Hedges’g
SE
95% CI
z
p
Q ValueI2
Eggers tEggers p
Overall studiest7151.7610.484[0.812, 2.709]3.637< 0.001182.80796.7184.66.871Table 2Intervention EffectDesignStudieskTotal nHedges’gSE95% CIRCTOchoa-Arnedo et al. (2020)71400.1130.168[-0.217, 0.443]Üzar-Özçetin & Hiçdurmaz (2019)7613.9651.155[11.700, 16.229]Kenne Sarenmalm et al. (2017)1140.4230.189[0.053, 0.793]van der Spek et al. (2017)91-0.1610.208[-0.569, 0.247]Yun et al. (2017)1740.3310.162[0.014, 0.648]Zhang et al. (2016)582.0330.321[1.405, 2.662]Zernicke et al. (2014)621.2540.275[0.715, 1.793]Z = 3.637 P= < 0.001 SE = 0.484 Sd = 1.777ConclusionsPosttraumatic growth interventions significantly increased posttraumatic growth among cancer survivors. Health care providers as the main sources of cancer care should be more focused on the achievement of positive outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Illness and tretment representation in onological patients undergoing chemotherapy: relationship with subjective well-being
Authors: Rasskazova E. , Kirsanova S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe knowledge, expectations, fears that a patient has about the oncological disease and treatment can affect the quality of life of patients (Colagiuri et al., 2013; Whitford, 2012).ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal the relationship between well-being of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and their illness and treatment representation.Methods110 patients undergoing chemotherapy in Medsi Clinical Hospital filled Chemotherapy Attitudes Questionnaire (Zinchenko et al., 2020), Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (Diener et al., 2009), Quality of Life Questionary C30 (Aaronson N. K. et al., 1994), Illness Perception Questionnaire (Moss-Morris et al., 2002), Self-Regulation Questionnaire in the Rehabilitation Process (Kovyazina M. et al, 2019), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond, Snaith, 1983).ResultsCorrelation analysis revealed that patients with severe difficulties in physical functioning had a lower level of life satisfaction (R = -0.23, p <.05) and quality of life (R = -0.35, p <.001), perceived disease as long-term (R = 0.34; p <0.001), cyclical (R = 0.33; p <0.001) and carrying significant negative consequences for life (R = 0.55; p <0.001), also these patients were characterized by anxiety about health during treatment (R = 0.37; p <0.001).Perception of illness duration, personal control, emotional representations, self-efficacy, confidence in the effectiveness of treatment can predict the level of satisfaction with life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (R2 increased from 0.05 to 0.37, p<0.001).ConclusionsHealth anxiety, illness duration, personal control, self-efficacy could be targets for interventions in patients undergoing chemotherapy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Tolerability of Ziprasidone Use in Children and Adolescents: A Prisma Model: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jay J. , Sareen A. , Hassan N. , Dumlao N. , Jose K. , Haza I. , Wadhwa A. , Gunturu S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStudies have demonstrated that Ziprasidone use may be beneficial in children. Determining its potential risks and benefits when used in children is therefore important.ObjectivesTo examine the tolerability of Ziprasidone, an atypical antipsychotic, in children and adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of open label or randomized control trials that report on Ziprasidone use in children on three databases: Embase, PsychInfo and PubMed using the PRISMA guidelines of Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Out of 1690 articles, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Outcome measures included adverse effects such as weight gain, increase in BMI, QTc prolongation, changes in metabolic parameters, sedation, and dizziness. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression of potential moderators. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots.ResultsData from Eleven studies was meta-analyzed (Total n= 474, mean age=12.87 years, male= 68..37%) that reported the use of Ziprasidone in children and adolescents with Psychosis, Bipolar, Autism spectrum disorders and Tourettes syndrome. Mean Ziprasidone dose = 84.40 mg and mean study duration = 2.85 months). We found that Ziprasidone was not found to cause any significant weight gain (1.72, p>0.05) or change in BMI (0.58 , p>0.05). QTc prolongation was found to be significant (11.9 , p<0.05). Most common side effects were sedation (42.44%), Nausea(19.32%), Headache (22.92%), fatigue (16.67%) and Dizziness (16.96 %).ConclusionsResults demonstrate that Ziprasidone does not cause significant weight gain, however QTc prolongation and sedation were found to be significant side effects of Ziprasidone use. Therefore, baseline EKG and thorough history must be obtained before prescribing Ziprasidone in children and adolescents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.