bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the European Union’s public health policy
Authors: Virág Attila , Túri Gergő 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the spring of 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as one of the most complex and most serious challenges of the European Union, threatening the lives and quality of life of European citizens and the economy and healthcare systems of EU Member States. The fight against the pandemic required the collaboration of many different disciplines and sectors, and over time it had become clear that co-operation between EU Member States and EU organisations is essential for successful crisis management. This cross-border healthcare emergency has seriously tested the mechanisms set by EU treaties and legislations, as well as the organisations responsible for shaping and implementing the European Union’s public health policy. Over the past year we have gained valuable data on how the system of rules and task sharing mechanisms have supported the fight against the pandemic and its effects. By reviewing and examining our findings, we may find answers about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the European Union’s public health policy and how it can be further developed.
Diligent or just smart students? Small governmental parties’ approach to the European Semester in Poland
Authors: Sula Piotr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
All governments in Poland formed after the introduction of the European Semester were coalitional ones. All these governments contained junior coalition partners representing all party families. Irrespective of their affiliation, all these junior parties adopted policies that appeared to comply with the European Semester. Hence, junior coalition parties might be recognised as very diligent European students, even if two out of three represented quite extreme views and were undeniably more Eurosceptic than their respective senior partners. However, it can be argued that their strategy was mixed: even if these two more Eurosceptic parties might be regarded as being so in their rhetoric, they accepted all recommendations from the European Semester, except for the farmers’ insurance privileges reduction. The salience of their approach to this latter issue was seen even after a few years in government, making these parties clearly different from their senior coalition partners.
Exploring the impact of balconies on cooling energy demand in an arid climate zone
Authors: Boukarta Soufiane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the impact of balconies on the energy demand required for cooling in the arid climate zone of the city of Adrar, in Algeria. For the purpose to assess several situations of the balconies, we have chosen a parametric method based on a campaign of thermal simulations. The open and eliminated balcony type were selected and characterized by four parameters: the balcony to room ratio, the orientation, the window type, and the balcony position. A set of 100 simulations was selected randomly based on the Monte-Carlo probability technique. The final sample was corrected based on Cook’s distance which gave 85 simulations as a final sample size. A generalized regression model was performed to identify the impact of each parameter. The accuracy of the model is above 97% and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important factor is the balcony to room ratio which could reduce the energy demand up to 26% followed by the window type (24%), the orientation (8%) and the balcony position (5%). This conclusion stresses the idea of considering the balcony as a passive solution to reduce the cooling energy demand.
Use of Biopolymers in the Stabilization of Clay Soils
Authors: Imane Idoui , Souhila Rehab Bekkouche , Riad Benzaid , Inas Berdi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The treatment and stabilization of soils make it possible to recycle materials on construction sites in preparation for the installation of a final covering or the construction of a road network. In road geotechnics, various materials such as lime, cement, and pozzolans were used as additions to stabilize clay soils. In recent years, bio-polymers and bacteria are of increasing interest to researchers in the field of stabilization and improvement of the physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics of clay soils. Currently, in place of traditional clay treatment techniques and to minimize environmental problems, natural fibrous waste is being used increasingly and spectacularly. Several studies on biotechnological engineering applications already exist, such as the use of vegetation, algae, bacteria, enzymes, and biopolymers. The northern Algerian region where the urban tissue does not stop expanding contains significant potential in terms of wheat straw, which represents a very present agricultural waste. So, there is a local interest in the sustainable development of several regions known to produce wheat. This study is interested in investigating the effect of wheat straw on the stabilization of swelling clay soil. In order to improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of clay soils, a series of laboratory tests (Atterberg limit, Proctor test, direct shear test, Oedometer test, and unconfident compressive strength test) were carried out on reconstituted clay soil with defined initial properties through numerous analyses (e.g., XRD and XRF) and then treated with different vegetable fiber content. The results indicate that there is an improvement in the compressibility characteristics of the treated soil, a remarkable decrease in the swelling index and the compressibility index respectively with increasing percentages of wheat straw.
Predicting energy demand of residential buildings: A linear regression-based approach for a small sample size
Authors: Boukarta Soufiane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The key design strategies that reduce the energy demand of buildings are not present in most thermal codes in many countries. Therefore, modeling techniques offer an alternative to combine the architects' modus operandi with the energy efficiency in the early stages of architectural design and with higher speed and precision. However, a review of the scientific literature using modeling techniques shows that most researchers use a relatively large sample of thermal simulations. This paper proposes a simplified method based on the linear regression modeling technique and considers a relatively smaller sample of thermal simulations. A total of 6 key building design strategies were identified, related to the urban context, building envelope, and shape factor. A simulation protocol containing 60 possible combinations was designed by random selection. In the present study, the Pleiades software was used to estimate the annual energy demand for heating and cooling for a typical dwelling in a humid climate zone. A parametric study and sensitivity analysis to identify the most efficient parameters was performed in SPSS 21. The resulting model predicts the annual energy demand with an accuracy of 93.7%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.88, and a scatter index (SI) of 8.59%. The models performed could efficiently and quickly assist architects while designing the buildings in the architectural practice.
A simplified 3D model for existing tunnel response to piles construction
Authors: Nawel Bousbia , Salah Messast , Noura Houssou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The construction and loading of deep foundations (piles) of high-rise buildings causes a considerable effect in terms of stresses and deformation and requires assessing their impact on the response of adjacent tunnels to deformations, particularly for pile foundations, which are often constructed in locations very close to existing tunnels. The execution process for piles structures generates displacements, stresses, and forces, which are transferred through the piles’ soil surrounding a nearby existing tunnel. The research presented in this paper has led to a significantly improved understanding of pile-tunnel interaction problem. It is crucial for the analysis of the impact of the pile construction on an existing tunnel. The treated topic appears in a setting of an urban environment, where we construct numerous profound foundations, sometimes in contact or adjacent to a. In this paper, the response of the existing tunnel under constructed pile process is studied. Numerical modeling was carried out using Plaxis3D software in which the Mohr-Coulomb Model (MC) has been used for modeling, while the piles/ tunnels are modeled as a linear elastic material. Furthermore, a parametric study is conducted, and its cases are investigated. The displacements and the stresses generated on the tunnel lining decreases with the increase in relative distance between pile and tunnel (spacing), the location/length of the pile from the tunnel, the pile diameter, the number of piles. We have also identified two geometrical parameters of the tunnel: shape section and thickness lining which play a prominent role in the interaction between an existing tunnel and a new pile to excavate.
Effects of different processes of tunneling on displacements soil using 3D Finite Element Method
Authors: Bousbia Nawel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The excavation process of tunnels induces stresses and deformation in the surrounding soil. The method of excavation is one of the major problems related to the safety of the operators and the ground stability during the construction of underground works. So, it is necessary to choose an ideal method to minimize the displacements and stresses induced by tunneling.
The main aim of this study is to simulate numerically the effect of different processes of tunneling on ground displacements, the settlements at surface soil and the internal efforts induced in the lining tunnel; in order to select the best process of excavation, which gives us a less effects on displacements generated by tunneling, thus, ensuring the stability and the solidity of the underground constructions. In addition, this study allows us to control and to predict the diverse movements generated by tunneling (displacements, settlements, efforts internes) exclusively for the shallow tunnel nearby to the underground constructions in the urban site. This modeling will be done by employing five different processes for tunnel excavation using the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) method.
The first process, the modeling of the excavation tunnel, is done almost in the same way as in reality; the partial face excavation, with seven slices, made by the excavation. The second process, by partial face excavation, is divided into eleven slices, next, we used the partial face excavation by nine slices, and then in thirteen slices. Finally, the dig is made by full-face excavation.
The paper contributes to the prediction of the response of the soil environment to tunnel excavation using the NATM method and to minimize the diverse movements generated by tunneling. The appropriately chosen methodology confirms that displacements and subsidence are strongly influenced by the tunneling method. The three-dimensional Finite Elements Method using Plaxis3D program has been applied in the numerical simulation. The study resulted in the recommendation of a process that minimizes the effect of excavation on subsidence and ground displacement for a particular Setiha tunnel.
Incidence and predictors of death among adult patients treated for tuberculosis in two regions of Cameroon: 2010 to 2015
Authors: Balkissou Adamou Dodo , Pefura-Yone Eric Walter , Poka Virginie , Kuaban Alain , Mubarak Djibril Mohammadou , Kora Armel Djao , Raouph Fadil Donkou , Lonla Josiane Touoyem , Taguedjio Linda Mangoh , Kuaban Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
Mortality during tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Africa. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence and predictors of death during TB treatment in Cameroon.

Materials and Methods:
Data of subjects aged ≥15 years were retrospectively extracted from registers in all TB diagnostic and treatment centers in the Western and Northern regions of Cameroon from 2010 to 2015. Cox regression models were used to determine predictors of death during TB treatment.

Results:
Of the 19,681 patients included, 12,541 (63.7%) were male and their median age (25th-75th percentile) was 34 (26–45) years. The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of death during TB treatment was 8.0% (7.5–8.5%). The predictors (hazard ratios [95% CI]) of death were: Age >34 years (1.479 [1.295–1.688], P < 0.001), female sex (1.471 [1.286–1.683], P < 0.001), extra-pulmonary TB (1.723 [1.466–2.026], P < 0.001), human immunodeficiency virus infection (3.739 [3.269–4.276], P < 001]), TB treatment in the Western region (2.241 [1.815–2.768], P < 0.001), treatment before 2012 (1.215 [1.073–1.376], P = 0.002)and low body weight (1st quartile and 2nd quartile) (2.568 [2.133–3.092], [P < 0.001]) and (1.569 [1.298–1.896], P < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion:
The incidence of death during TB was relatively high in the Western and Northern regions of Cameroon. Recognition of these persons at greatest risk may improve care and reduce death durinng TB treatment.
A case study of teachers’ efforts towards learning problems in virtual EFL class during Covid-19 school closure
Authors: Yani Muhammad , Yusra Kamaluddin , Khotimah Khusnul 
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 has been deemed a global pandemic affecting almost all sectors, particularly in education. Learning activities have been forced to relocate virtually due to the school closure. This study aimed at exploring teaching-learning problems felt by English teachers and their efforts to overcome those problems during the school closure in a state senior high school in West Lombok. Designed in a case study, two English teachers were voluntarily recruited using convenience sampling. The data for this study were gathered from observation, interviews, and documentation. Informed by the theory of Community of Inquiry (CoI) and previous empirical studies, the data were analysed using four stages of the interactive model. The investigation revealed that during the virtual teaching, teachers experienced considerable internal and external pedagogical glitches. It was also uncovered that the teachers disclosed some endeavours to maintain teaching, social, and cognitive presence in the instruction to surmount the nested pedagogical problems. However, their efforts were observed inadequate and left some room for improvement on how teachers could effectively serve in the virtual pedagogical practices. Some implications and future research directions are discussed accordingly. DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6463
Innovative technology in English language teaching: Enhancing early start in teaching English through Zoom
Authors: Yudha Novita Mutiah , Munir Ahmad , Lestari Lies Amin , Anam Syafi'ul 
Published: January 2022

The pandemic situation leads to a change in the education system which requires innovative technology to substitute traditional learning with the modern one. Consequently, it also happened to any level of learners from the early start. The early start in teaching English became an ability to create successful learning by using innovative technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate an early start to learn the English using Zoom by enrolling five students to participate along with problems. The researcher gained the data by observation techniques and interview using qualitative method. The finding revealed that students are more interested while learning by Zoom. The problem was the unstable internet connection. DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6475
Indonesian EFL students’ voice on the first language usage in classroom
Authors: Nazilah Binti Muifatun , Tyas Peptia Asrining , Umiyati Wiwik 
Published: January 2022

The first language (L1) usage is still found during the English lesson, specifically in non-native English countries. This may be a debatable issue among experts. Hence, investigation on students’ perception is helpful in this study. It will give an insight into students’ preferences for learning the language. The previous studies related to this topic were mainly focused on senior high school and undergraduate students as the subject. Therefore, this present study proposed to explore the perception of junior high school students. In conducting this study, the researcher applied a quantitative survey design. There were 29 questions in three sections that were distributed to investigate: (1) the language used in the EFL classroom, (2) students’ attitudes as well as (3) students’ well-being during the English foreign language lesson. The participants were 101 students of SMP Shalahuddin Malang. The findings revealed that students have positive responses towards the use of Indonesian langauge during the EFL lesson. DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6701
MERDEKA BELAJAR (PESANTREN DAN KEMADIRIAN SANTRI AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN)
Authors: Alfian Abdul 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan kenyataan bahwa Sejak awal, pondok pesantren telah menanamkan sikap kemandirian pada diri peserta didik, dengan cara melatih mereka agar dapat berdiri di atas kaki sendiri, serta membina mereka agar tidak menggantungkan diri kepada orang lain kecuali hanya kepada Tuhan. Begitupun dalam hal belajar para santri dididik dan dibentuk dengan sistem dan program yang ada di dalam pondok tersebut agar mereka dapat menyelesaikan sendiri masalah-masalah belajar yang mereka temui. Akan tetapi setiap Pondok Pasti memiliki cara-cara tersendiri dalam usahanya menciptakan sikap kemandirian belajar dalam diri santri.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan dalam menciptakan kemandirian belajar santri, 2. Untuk mengetahui program apa saja yang dimiliki Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan yang dapat menunjang terciptanya kemandirian belajar santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif lapangan (field research), dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara kepada narasumber yang dianggap penting dan dokumentasi. Kemudian untuk menganalisis data peneliti menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Untuk menetapkan keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Seluruh komponen dan sistem yang ada di dalam pondok pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan berperan penting dalam menciptakan kemandirian belajar dalam diri santri. Misalkan dari SDM-nya, seperti para guru, kepala sekolah, pengasuh dan pimpinan pondok pesantren. Keberadaan mereka sangatlah dibutuhkan oleh para santri, sebagai motivator, pembimbing sekaligus orang tua kedua mereka di pondok. Kemudian penciptaan kemandirian belajar juga tercipta dari program-program yang telah dibentuk oleh pondok, seperti kelompok-kelompok keilmuan dan kebahasaan dan lain-lain. Adapun program pondok pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan yang mendukung terciptanya kemandirian belajar santri yaitu program muajjah, program kelompok, program penuntasan SKIA dan program remidial. Kata Kunci : peran pesantren, kemandirian belajar
CHARACTERIZATION OF PREDICTED BACTERIAL COLD-ADAPTED LIPASE FROM SEAFOOD COLD STORAGE
Authors: Yufidasari Hefti Salis , Astuti Retno Tri , Waluyo Eko , Malau Jekmal 
Published: January 2022

Lipases constitute as top three most important group of enzymes along with carbohydrases and proteases, and are widely used in various industries. In particular, lipase that perform high activity at low temperatures, or referred as cold adapted lipase (CLPs) considered as attractive catalyst due to its activity at low temperature. This unique feature is the main advantage of cold adapted lipase utilization because it requires a low energy source that is correlated with lower production costs and energy. In addition, reactions occur in cold temperatures may result in better product quality. The purpose of this research was to perform screening and characterization of bacterial cold adapted lipase from seafood cold storage. Among 53 isolates, Kr_16_30, TI_37_14 and Kr_16_28 showed the highest activity with 4.12 U/mL; 3.87 U/mL and 3.21 U/mL, respectively. Isolates Kr_16_30 seemed to be typical cold adapted lipase with optimum temperature at 20°C and pH 7. Isolates Kr_16_28 performed highest lipolytic activity at 30°C while TI_37_14 suspected to be similar to typical mesophilic lipase with optimum temperature at 40°C. Species identification based on 16s rRDA sequencing revealed that isolates Kr_16 30 and Kr_16 28 are belong to genus Pseudomonas and Bacillus, repectively.
RELATIONSHIP OF LEADER SUPPORT WITH EMPLOYEE WORK ACHIEVEMENT AT SEI SUKA DISTRICT PUSKESMAS SEI SUKA BATU BARA DISTRICT 2019
Authors: Muharraran Firdha , Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Nababan Donal 
Published: January 2022

Background: The national health system is essentially an order that reflects the efforts of the Indonesian people to increase their ability to achieve health status. Puskesmas is a leading health service organization unit that provides comprehensive and integrated health services to the community. Human resource management is a planning, organizing, coordinating, implementing, and supervising the procurement, development, provision of remuneration, integration, maintenance, and separation of workers in order to achieve organizational goals. One way to improve resource management is leadership support for outstanding employees.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between leadership support and employee performance at the Sei Suka Health Center, Sei Suka District, Batu Bara Regency in 2019.
Method: This research was conducted cross sectional with data collection method (questionnaire). Each group with an age range of 20-30 years, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 was given a questionnaire to fill out. Determination of the relationship between leadership support and employee performance can be seen from the results obtained after filling out the questionnaire, then the data is analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: The results obtained that the most respondents in the category of good leadership support as many as 16 people (48.5%) had poor work performance and the least was good leadership support 2 people (6.1%) had good work performance after being tested with the chi test square can be seen that the value of Significancy p value = 0.003 (P <0.005) which shows that the relationship between leadership support and employee performance is significant.
Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between leadership support and employee performance.