bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a value for games under restricted cooperation
Authors: Albizuri M. Josune , Masuya Satoshi , Zarzuelo José M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe object of this paper is to study restricted cooperative games, that is, cooperative games for which the worth of some coalitions is unknown. We consider a value for these restricted cooperative games whose definition is based on the Harsanyi’s dividends approach, and can therefore be seen as an extension of the Shapley value. We provide a characterization of this value with three axioms: Carrier, Symmetric-partnership and Additivity, which are similar to those proposed by Shapley (in: Kuhn and Tucker (eds) Contributions to the theory of games, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1953). In addition, we characterize this value on the subclass of restricted cooperative simple games. Finally, we apply this value for restricted cooperative games to analyze the power distribution of the Catalonian Parliament in 1980 and compare the results with those of the coalitional value in Carreras and Owen (Math Soc Sci 15:87–92, 1988).
Elastic Deformations of Spherical Core-Shell Systems Under an Equatorial Load
Authors: Kolker Jannis , Fischer Lukas , Menzel Andreas M. , Löwen Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMacroscopic elastic core-shell systems can be generated as toy models to be deformed and haptically studied by hand. On the mesoscale, colloidal core-shell particles and microgels are fabricated and investigated by different types of microscopy. We analyse, using linear elasticity theory, the response of spherical core-shell systems under the influence of a line density of force that is oriented radially and acts along the equator of the outer surface. Interestingly, deformational coupling of the shell to the core can determine the resulting overall appearance in response to the forces. We address various combinations of radii, stiffness, and Poisson ratio of core and shell and illustrate the resulting deformations. Macroscopically, the situation could be realized by wrapping a cord around the equator of a macroscopic model system and pulling it tight. On the mesoscale, colloidal microgel particles symmetrically confined to the interface between two immiscible fluids are pulled radially outward by surface tension.
Psychological Coping and Behavioral Adjustment Among Older Adults in Times of COVID-19: Exploring the Protective Role of Working Memory and Habit Propensity
Authors: Brinkhof Lotte P. , Ridderinkhof K. Richard , van de Vijver Irene , Murre Jaap M. J. , Krugers Harm J. , de Wit Sanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, well-being, and behavior is likely influenced by individual characteristics that determine one’s capacity for resilience. In this exploratory study, we examined whether individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity and habit propensity (HP), measured before the outbreak, could predict variation in subsequent psychological coping efficacy (as operationalized by measures of depression, mental well-being, perceived stress, and loneliness) and behavioral adjustment (by evaluating compliance and self-reported automaticity of four COVID-19 guidelines) among Dutch older adults (n = 36) during the pandemic (measured April 25 to May 6, 2020). While we found elevated levels of depression and emotional loneliness, overall mental well-being, and perceived stress were not affected by the pandemic. Contrary to our expectations, we found no robust evidence for a protective role of WM in predicting these outcomes, although our findings hint at a positive relationship with perceived change in mental well-being. Interestingly, WM and HP were found to affect the self-reported automaticity levels of adherence to behavioral COVID-19 guidelines (i.e., washing hands, physical distancing), where a strong HP appeared beneficial when deliberate resources were less available (e.g., low WM capacity). These novel and preliminary findings offer new potential avenues for investigating individual differences in resilience in times of major life events or challenges.
Chemomechanical weakening of muscovite quantified with in situ liquid nanoindentation
Authors: Mook William M. , Ilgen Anastasia G. , Jungjohann Katherine L. , DelRio Frank W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChemomechanical weakening of layered phyllosilicate muscovite mica was studied as a function of chemical environment via in situ liquid-nanoindentation under four conditions (dry, deionized water, and two NaCl solutions of different pH). While traditional indentation analyses of layered materials with extreme mechanical anisotropy have been limited due to displacement bursts (pop-ins), here the bursts were used as proxies for delamination, fracture, and spalling events. Since displacement bursts during an indent represent a stochastic process, 120 indents were conducted for each condition to generate statistically significant amounts of data. In total, over 9000 bursts were assessed using a load–displacement threshold criterion, classifying this as a high-throughput nanoscale fracture technique. For each burst, initiation load, initiation displacement, plastic zone volume at initiation, and energy dissipation were analyzed. A power-law relationship between the burst load and burst energy was noted which separated the bursts into two continuous distributions: (1) bursts due only to the mechanics of the indent and (2) bursts due to both the mechanics of the indent and the environment. By using a cumulative probability distribution, it was found that the NaCl solutions decreased the minimum plastic zone volume necessary to initiate a displacement burst by an order of magnitude relative to the dry condition. Finally, the underlying mechanisms explaining the trends in initiation volume as a function of environment were discussed, with a focus on the chemomechanical degradation processes via chemical attack and cation exchange.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) depend on climate and tree age in natural forests of the Alps
Authors: Mandolini Edoardo , Bacher Margit , Peintner Ursula 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
Pinus cembra represent a typical and important tree species growing in European subalpine and alpine habitats. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated to this tree under natural conditions are largely unknown.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the ECM fungal abundance and composition at four high-altitude sites (two northern-exposed and two southern-exposed habitats) in South Tyrol (Italy), and included also two different age classes of P. cembra. The ECM partners were characterized morphologically, and identified by rDNA ITS sequence analysis.

Results
The degree of mycorrhization in adult P. cembra was typically 100% in these natural habitats, with a total species diversity of 20 ECM species. The four high-altitude sites were similar concerning their species richness and mycobiont diversity, but they differed significantly in ECM species composition. Young P. cembra had a mycorrhization degree of 100% and a total of 10 species were observed. All mycorrhizal partners of naturally regenerated young P. cembra were only detected in one specific location, with the exception of Cenococcum sp. and Amphinema sp. which were detected at two sites. Young trees harbour a distinct ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, which is clearly lower than the diversity detected in adult P. cembra trees. The P. cembra bolete (Suillus plorans) is the most important symbiotic partner of P. cembra at Southern Tyrolean high-altitude sites and is known for its strict, species-specific host association.

Conclusions
The ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition strongly depends on geographic region and on the slope exposure (north or south) of the site.
How do higher education students regulate their learning with video modeling examples, worked examples, and practice problems?
Authors: van Harsel Milou , Hoogerheide Vincent , Janssen Eva , Verkoeijen Peter , van Gog Tamara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPresenting novices with examples and problems is an effective and efficient way to acquire new problem-solving skills. Nowadays, examples and problems are increasingly presented in computer-based learning environments, in which learners often have to self-regulate their learning (i.e., choose what type of task to work on and when). Yet, it is questionable how novices self-regulate their learning from examples and problems, and to what extent their choices match with effective principles from instructional design research. In this study, 147 higher education students had to learn how to solve problems on the trapezoidal rule. During self-regulated learning, they were free to select six tasks from a database of 45 tasks that varied in task format (video examples, worked examples, practice problems), complexity level (level 1, 2, 3), and cover story. Almost all students started with (video) example study at the lowest complexity level. The number of examples selected gradually decreased and task complexity gradually increased during the learning phase. However, examples and lowest level tasks remained relatively popular throughout the entire learning phase. There was no relation between students' total score on how well their behavior matched with the instructional design principles and learning outcomes, mental effort, and motivational variables.
Successful restoration of archived ovine formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis
Authors: Kravitz Amanda , Tyler Ron , Manohar B. Murali , Ronald B. Samuel Masilamoni , Collins Michael T. , Sriranganathan Nammalwar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArchived formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are powerful tools in medicine, capable of harboring diagnostic and genetic answers to challenging clinical questions. Successful utilization of DNA derived from FFPE samples is dependent upon repairing DNA damage generated from the fixation process. Methods to repair FFPE DNA have been successful in human medicine for a variety of research and clinical applications, yet remain underutilized in veterinary medicine. Despite the available technology, our study is the first to evaluate the repair of FFPE derived DNA from veterinary species for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip and Illumina FFPE QC and DNA Restore kit. To accomplish this, 48 ovine FFPE samples were run using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip with and without restoration. Compared to pre-restore data, we found increased sample call rates, SNP call frequency, and assay metrics for all samples post-restoration. Further, we utilized four sheep with available parallel fresh DNA and FFPE DNA to compare assay metrics and genotype calls between the two starting sample types. Although fresh samples generated increased call rates, we found 99% concordance in allele calls between restored FFPE and fresh DNA for all four samples. Our results indicate successful restoration and genotyping of ovine FFPE samples using this technology, with potential for utilization in other veterinary species.
Differences between boulderers and top rope climbers in the relationship between anxiety and disordered eating
Authors: Modaberi Shaghayegh , van Andel Steven , Saemi Esmaeel , Joubert Lanae M. , Taheri Morteza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Disordered eating (DE) has been associated with elevated anxiety, high stress, and low self-esteem and occurs often in sports where weight is a limiting factor. Sport climbing in general provides a combination in these aspects but the relevance of a low body weight differs in the different climbing types (e.g., weight supported top rope climbing vs non-supported bouldering). To date, these differences have yet been investigated, while they might provide useful insight into the mechanisms of disordered eating and potential preventative strategies. This study aimed to assess the influence of different types of climbing (bouldering vs top rope) on the relation between anxiety and DE.

Methods
59 rock climbers (male, n = 38; female, n = 21; mean age = 28.33 ± 7.4 years) completed a survey (including the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Mental toughness Questionnaire, Cattell's Anxiety Scale Questionnaire) investigating preferred climbing style, trait anxiety, mental toughness, and eating behavior.

Results
Boulderers showed a higher anxiety score compared to top rope climbers. Among boulderers, higher anxiety levels were associated with lower mental toughness. Among top rope climbers, anxiety was associated with emotional and external eating behavior.

Conclusion
Findings showed a higher anxiety in boulderers but no greater measures of DE. It is possible that, through their experience in a high anxiety environment, boulderers have been able to develop effective coping strategies that have a protective effect against DE.
Brain partial volume correction with point spreading function reconstruction in high-resolution digital PET: comparison with an MR-based method in FDG imaging
Authors: Ibaraki Masanobu , Matsubara Keisuke , Shinohara Yuki , Shidahara Miho , Sato Kaoru , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Toshibumi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
In quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) of the brain, partial volume effect due mainly to the finite spatial resolution of the PET scanner (> 3 mm full width at half maximum [FWHM]) is a primary source of error in the measurement of tracer uptake, especially in small structures such as the cerebral cortex (typically < 3 mm thickness). The aim of this study was to evaluate the partial volume correction (PVC) performance of point spread function-incorporated reconstruction (PSF reconstruction) in combination with the latest digital PET scanner. This evaluation was performed through direct comparisons with magnetic resonance imaging (MR)-based PVC (used as a reference method) in a human brain study.

Methods
Ten healthy subjects underwent brain 18F-FDG PET (30-min acquisition) on a digital PET/CT system (Siemens Biograph Vision, 3.5-mm FWHM scanner resolution at the center of the field of view) and anatomical T1-weighted MR imaging for MR-based PVC. PSF reconstruction was applied with a wide range of iterations (4 to 256; 5 subsets). FDG uptake in the cerebral cortex was evaluated using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and compared between PSF reconstruction and MR-based PVC.

Results
Cortical structures were visualized by PSF reconstruction with several tens of iterations and were anatomically well matched with the MR-derived cortical segments. Higher numbers of iterations resulted in higher cortical SUVRs, which approached those of MR-based PVC (1.76), although even with the maximum number of iterations they were still smaller by 16% (1.47), corresponding to approximately 1.5-mm FWHM of the effective spatial resolution.

Conclusion
With the latest digital PET scanner, PSF reconstruction can be used as a PVC technique in brain PET, albeit with suboptimal resolution recovery. A relative advantage of PSF reconstruction is that it can be applied not only to cerebral cortical regions, but also to various small structures such as small brain nuclei that are hardly visualized on anatomical T1-weighted imaging, and thus hardly recovered by MR-based PVC.
Band-like transport in non-fullerene acceptor semiconductor Y6
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Wei Huan , Chen Ping-An , Liu Yu , Guo Jing , Xia Jiangnan , Xie Haihong , Qiu Xincan , Hu Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recently reported non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 has been extensively investigated for high-performance organic solar cells. However, its charge transport property and physics have not been fully studied. In this work, we acquired a deeper understanding of the charge transport in Y6 by fabricating and characterizing thin-film transistors (TFTs), and found that the electron mobility of Y6 is over 0.3–0.4 cm2/(V⋅s) in top-gate bottom-contact devices, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of another well-known NFA ITIC. More importantly, we observed band-like transport in Y6 spin-coated films through temperature-dependent measurements on TFTs. This is particularly amazing since such transport behavior is rarely seen in polycrystalline organic semiconductor films. Further morphology characterization and discussions indicate that the band-like transport originates from the unique molecule packing motif of Y6 and the special phase of the film. As such, this work not only demonstrates the superior charge transport property of Y6, but also suggests the great potential of developing high-mobility n-type organic semiconductors, on the basis of Y6.
Graphical Abstract
Chronotherapy based on modified-release hydrocortisone to restore the physiological cortisol diurnal rhythm
Authors: Whitaker Martin J. , Huatan Hiep , Ross Richard J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this inspirational note, we describe the development of an endocrine chronotherapy to restore the physiological rhythm of the essential adrenal stress hormone, cortisol. The challenges included demonstrating the circadian rhythm of the drug target, creating a drug formulation that replicated that rhythm and then proving benefit in clinical trials. The physiological cortisol circadian rhythm is well defined with cortisol levels high on waking and low on going to sleep. We experimented with different formulation technologies including modified-release tablets and multi-particulates to replicate the cortisol rhythm where absent through disease. We describe the development of Efmody®, a modified-release formulation of hydrocortisone, which replicates the cortisol diurnal rhythm and improves the disease control of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the commonest hereditary form of adrenal insufficiency. This program shows it is possible, through modified-release technology, to treat chronic endocrine diseases with physiological replacement to preserve health for life.
Cognitive dysfunction following COVID-19 infection
Authors: Hadad Rafi , Khoury Johad , Stanger Chen , Fisher Tali , Schneer Sonia , Ben-Hayun Rachel , Possin Katherine , Valcour Victor , Aharon-Peretz Judith , Adir Yochai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is still evolving, causing hundreds of millions of infections around the world. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 and neurologic syndromes post COVID remain poorly understood. The present study aims to characterize cognitive performance in patients experiencing cognitive symptoms post-COVID infection. Patients evaluated at a post COVID clinic in Northern Israel who endorsed cognitive symptoms were referred for neurologic consultation. The neurologic work-up included detailed medical history, symptom inventory, neurological examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), laboratory tests and brain CT or MRI. Between December 2020 and June 2021, 46 patients were referred for neurological consultation (65% female), mean age 49.5 (19–72 years). On the MoCA test, executive functions, particularly phonemic fluency, and attention, were impaired. In contrast, the total MoCA score, and memory and orientation subscores did not differ from expected ranges. Disease severity, premorbid condition, pulmonary function tests and hypoxia did not contribute to cognitive performance. Cognitive decline may affect otherwise healthy patients post-COVID, independent of disease severity. Our examination identified abnormalities in executive function, attention, and phonemic fluency. These findings occurred despite normal laboratory tests and imaging findings.
Long-term evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on acute stroke management: an analysis of the 21-month data from a medical facility in Tokyo
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takashi , Tokugawa Joji , Mitsuhashi Hitoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global public health crisis and profoundly impacted acute treatment delivery. This study conducted long-term evaluations of the impact of the pandemic on acute stroke management.

Methods
Data from a university-owned medical facility in Tokyo, Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. The number of hospital admissions for stroke and time metrics in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke were evaluated. A year-over-year comparison was conducted using data from April 2019 to December 2021 to assess the impact of the pandemic.

Results
The year-over-year comparison demonstrated that the number of admissions of patients with stroke and patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and thrombectomy during the pandemic remained comparable to the pre-COVID data. However, we found a decrease in the number of admissions of patients with stroke alerts and stroke when hospital cluster infection occurred at this facility and when the region hosted the Tokyo Olympics games during the surge of infection. The door-to-computed tomography time in 2021 was affected. This is plausibly due to the reorganization of in-hospital stroke care pathways after hospital cluster infection. However, no significant difference was observed in the onset-to-door, door-to-MRI, door-to-needle, or door-to-groin puncture times.

Conclusions
We did not observe long-term detrimental effects of the pandemic at this site. Prevention of hospital cluster infections remains critical to provide safe and timely acute stroke management during the pandemic.
Association of dynamic changes in serum levels of HBV DNA and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Xin , Jiang Jie , Song Ci , Yu Chengxiao , Zhu Liguo , Qian Jiao , Tian Ting , Ding Yuqing , Zhu Fengcai , Hu Zhibin , Zhai Xiangjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
We aimed to examine the risk of HCC associated with the long-term change patterns in HBV DNA levels.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal study of 6,301 participants with chronic HBV infection (CHB) from October 2012 to June 2019 and measured serum levels of HBV DNA at enrollment and during follow-up. The dynamic change patterns of HBV DNA were identified by group-based trajectory models. The associations between change patterns of HBV DNA and HCC were estimated using Cox regression models.

Results
During 35,112 person-years of follow-up, 182 participants developed HCC (518.34 per 105 person-years). Five trajectory groups of repeated measurement of HBV DNA were identified. The risk of HCC was significantly higher for the “high, fast-declined” group whose HBV DNA spontaneously decreased from > 2000 IU/mL at baseline compared with those with persistent undetected HBV DNA (reference group; 963.96 per 105 person-years, HR = 2.62, 95% CI, 1.82 to 3.77, P < 0.001). In addition, the “rebound” group whose HBV DNA level increased from undetectable level to > 20,000 IU/mL from baseline to the end of follow-up also showed an obviously higher cumulative HCC incidence rate (1193.29 per 105 person-years, HR = 4.17, 95% CI, 1.87 to 9.31, P < 0.001). The positive association remained stable after taking the potential effect of time-dependent antiviral treatment into account.

Conclusions
Significant variability in serum levels of HBV DNA presented during long-term follow-up. Regular monitoring of serum levels of HBV DNA and antiviral treatment are required for the clinical management of CHB patients, as well as those with undetected HBV DNA.