bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of four screening tools and retrieval of key questions to detect undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis in Chinese patients with psoriasis: A multicenter study
Authors: Cui Ran , Chen Miao , Li Xia , Wang Qian , Tong Qiang , Zhang Hua , Chen Zhiyong , Tao Yi‐Li , Bi Xin‐Ling , Deng Hui , Yuan Ding‐Fen , He Dong‐Yi , Ding Yang‐Feng , Dai Sheng‐Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral screening tools have been developed to facilitate early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA); however, their performance varied greatly across different studies. In this study, we validated and compared the performance of four screening tools in detecting undiagnosed PsA Chinese patients with psoriasis, and determined the key questions and their weights. The four screening tools were the Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients (EARP) questionnaire, Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (PASE) questionnaire, Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (PASQ), and Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST). The receiver–operator curve (ROC) with area under curve (AUC) was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression were utilized to retrieve key questions, and a nomogram was utilized to visualize their weights. Of 482 psoriasis patients from dermatology clinics, 77 were newly diagnosed with PsA. Another 68 patients with newly diagnosed PsA from rheumatology clinics were incorporated in the analysis. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut‐off values for EARP, PASE, PASQ, and PEST were 3, 40, 7, and 3, with corresponding sensitivities of 91.4%, 88.6%, 86.2%, and 88.5%, and specificities of 88.6%, 75.2%, 80.2%, and 83.6%, respectively. The AUC of EARP (0.925) was higher than those of PASE (0.885), PASQ (0.905), and PEST (0.827). However, none of them were sufficiently sensitive to identify pure axial PsA (sensitivities of EARP, PASQ, and PASE were 25.0%, 36.8%, and 42.1%, respectively). Twelve key questions were retrieved from these four tools to establish a nomogram with a high discrimination (C‐index = 0.993) and a good calibration (mean absolute error = 0.014). In conclusion, to screen undiagnosed PsA, EARP has slightly better balanced sensitivity and specificity, and higher accuracy. The retrieval of key questions and nomogram signify the necessity of attributing different scores to differently weighted questions when developing a new screening tool to make it function more efficiently.
Finding the adaptive needles in a population‐structured haystack: A case study in a New Zealand mollusc
Authors: Salloum Priscila M. , Santure Anna W. , Lavery Shane D. , de Villemereuil Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Genetic adaptation to future environmental conditions is crucial to help species persist as the climate changes. Genome scans are powerful tools to understand adaptive landscapes, enabling us to correlate genetic diversity with environmental gradients while disentangling neutral from adaptive variation. However, low gene flow can lead to both local adaptation and highly structured populations, and is a major confounding factor for genome scans, resulting in an inflated number of candidate loci.

Here, we compared candidate locus detection in a marine mollusc (Onithochiton neglectus), taking advantage of a natural geographical contrast in the levels of genetic structure between its populations. O. neglectus is endemic to New Zealand and distributed throughout an environmental gradient from the subtropical north to the subantarctic south. Due to a brooding developmental mode, populations tend to be locally isolated. However, adult hitchhiking on rafting kelp increases connectivity among southern populations.

We applied two genome scans for outliers (Bayescan and PCAdapt) and two genotype–environment association (GEA) tests (BayeScEnv and RDA). To limit issues with false positives, we combined results using the geometric mean of q‐values and performed association tests with random environmental variables. This novel approach is a compromise between stringent and relaxed approaches widely used before, and allowed us to classify candidate loci as low confidence or high confidence.

Genome scans for outliers detected a large number of significant outliers in strong and moderately structured populations. No high‐confidence GEA loci were detected in the context of strong population structure. However, 86 high‐confidence loci were associated predominantly with latitudinally varying abiotic factors in the less structured southern populations. This suggests that the degree of connectivity driven by kelp rafting over the southern scale may be insufficient to counteract local adaptation in this species.

Our study supports the expectation that genome scans may be prone to errors in highly structured populations. Nonetheless, it also empirically demonstrates that careful statistical controls enable the identification of candidate loci that invite more detailed investigations. Ultimately, genome scans are valuable tools to help guide further research aiming to determine the potential of non‐model species to adapt to future environments.
Working with clients of higher weight in Australia: Findings from a national survey exploring occupational therapy practice
Authors: Lunt Alison , Foy Mikaela , White Carolynne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionOccupational therapists are key members of the multidisciplinary team and regularly work with people of higher weight across age groups and practice settings. There is limited existing research regarding the occupational therapy role with this client group. The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapy practice and barriers to service provision for Australian occupational therapists working with clients of higher weight.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design using a self‐administered online survey was distributed to members of the national occupational therapy professional association. The survey was designed to identify common assessments and interventions used with clients of higher weight and explore occupational therapists' perspectives on their knowledge and confidence and the barriers to service delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise rating scales, and open‐ended responses were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsEighty Australian occupational therapists working in a range of settings and with varied experience levels participated in the study. Participants described the most common areas of occupational therapy assessment and intervention when working with clients of higher weight to be self‐care, equipment prescription, home modifications and pressure care. Respondents were least confident in interventions related to psychosocial, leisure and employment interventions. Barriers to service delivery included accessibility and cost of equipment, lack of training and weight stigma.ConclusionOccupational therapy practice promotes and enables participation in everyday occupations with people of higher weight. This study highlights not only the occupational therapy skills and unique approach to the person, their environment and occupations but also the challenges faced by occupational therapists when working with people of higher weight. Occupational therapists could consider utilising the weight‐inclusive paradigm to broaden their contribution from self‐care to other important aspects of participation and well‐being.
AwMelWolbachiavariant inAedes aegyptifrom field‐collectedDrosophila melanogasterwith increased phenotypic stability under heat stress
Authors: Gu Xinyue , Ross Perran A. , Rodriguez‐Andres Julio , Robinson Katie L. , Yang Qiong , Lau Meng‐Jia , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryMosquito‐borne diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Population replacement strategies involving thewMel strain ofWolbachiaare being used widely to control mosquito‐borne diseases. However, these strategies may be influenced by temperature becausewMel is vulnerable to heat.wMel infections inDrosophila melanogasterare genetically diverse, but few transinfections ofwMel variants have been generated inAedes aegypti. Here, we successfully transferred awMel variant (termedwMelM) originating from a field‐collectedD. melanogasterintoAe. aegypti. The newwMelM variant (clade I) is genetically distinct from the originalwMel transinfection (clade III), and there are no genomic differences betweenwMelM in its original and transinfected host. We comparedwMelM withwMel in its effects on host fitness, temperature tolerance,Wolbachiadensity, vector competence, cytoplasmic incompatibility and maternal transmission under heat stress in a controlled background.wMelM showed a higher heat tolerance thanwMel, likely due to higher overall densities within the mosquito. BothwMel variants had minimal host fitness costs, complete cytoplasmic incompatibility and maternal transmission, and dengue virus blocking under laboratory conditions. Our results highlight phenotypic differences betweenWolbachiavariants andwMelM shows potential as an alternative strain in areas with strong seasonal temperature fluctuations.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Beneficiary Contact and Supervisor Support on Service Performance: Does Perceived External Prestige Matter?
Authors: Vittal Rangan S. , Mishra Sushanta K. , Varma Arup 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCustomers play a significant role in motivating frontline employees. However, little research has examined the impact of employees’ interactions with external beneficiaries in explaining service performance. In the present study, we borrowed from the job characteristics model and social exchange theory to build our model. Drawing on data from 889 frontline service employees and 2667 customers in the microfinance sector, our study demonstrated that supervisor support (an internal factor) and contact with beneficiaries (an external factor) influence employee service performance. We also investigated employee gratitude as an intervening mechanism through which supervisor support and beneficiary contact improve employee service performance. In addition, we found that employees’ perception of the external prestige of their organization is a powerful force linking the above factors with service performance. Our findings advance the understanding of employee service performance, thus providing significant implications for research and practice.
Water shortage risk evaluation and its primary cause: Empirical evidence from rural China
Authors: Wenxin Liu , Yao Zhang , Ruifan Xu , Zhen Zhang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explores the level of rural water shortage risk from the perspective of disaster risk and poverty. Based on related causes and characteristics, we quantitatively analyze the water shortage risk in rural China during 1997–2019. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal evolution is tested based on the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and kernel density estimation (KDE) models. Finally, we use the obstacle model to explore the main factors affecting water shortage risk. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The results show three types in rural China: high‐risk areas, medium‐risk areas, and low‐risk areas. The rural water shortage risk declines over time, and the improvements in the rural areas are evident. (2) Within rural China, the trend shows positive spatial correlation and temporal variation. (3) Factors that impact the water shortage risk mainly include population with access to clean water, degree of damage caused by farmland flood and drought, soil erosion control area, drainage area of farmland, lag rate of the agricultural economy, agricultural population density, per capita water consumption, and fiscal self‐sufficiency of the government. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of rural water shortage risk and a regional strategy to relieve rural water shortage.
Carboplatin plus nab‐paclitaxel for recurrent small cell lung cancer: A phase II study
Authors: Ikeda Naoya , Arai Ryo , Soda Sayo , Inoue Takashi , Uchida Nobuhiko , Nakamura Yusuke , Masawa Meitetsu , Kushima Yoshitomo , Okutomi Hiroaki , Takemasa Akihiro , Shimizu Yasuo , Niho Seiji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a phase II study of carboplatin plus nab‐paclitaxel for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after the failure of a prior standard chemotherapy containing platinum, etoposide, irinotecan, and amrubicin if indicated. Patients with interstitial pneumonia complications were included in the study.MethodsPatients received 100 mg/m2 of nab‐paclitaxel weekly (on days 1, 8, and 15) and an AUC 5 of carboplatin on day 1. The study treatment was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression or the appearance of unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate.ResultsA total of 21 patients were enrolled, all of whom were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Twelve patients had pre‐existing interstitial pneumonia. The overall response rate was 19.0% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8%–38.4%). The lower limit of the 90% CI for the response rate did not exceed the prespecified threshold value of 10%. Among the 12 patients with pre‐existing interstitial pneumonia, the response rate was 25%. The median progression‐free survival time was 2.5 months (95% CI: 1.5–3.4 months), and the median survival time was 5.1 months (95% CI: 2.1–8.1 months). Two patients developed interstitial lung disease; both of these patients had pre‐existing interstitial pneumonia. One of the patients died from interstitial lung disease.ConclusionCombination chemotherapy with carboplatin plus nab‐paclitaxel for recurrent SCLC had a modest activity, although the primary study endpoint was not met. Further investigation of this regimen for patients with recurrent SCLC and interstitial pneumonia is warranted.
Acidic nanoparticles protect against α‐synuclein‐induced neurodegeneration through the restoration of lysosomal function
Authors: Arotcarena Marie‐Laure , Soria Federico N. , Cunha Anthony , Doudnikoff Evelyne , Prévot Geoffrey , Daniel Jonathan , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Barthélémy Philippe , Bezard Erwan , Crauste‐Manciet Sylvie , Dehay Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, associated with the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein and lysosomal impairment, two events deemed interconnected. Protein aggregation is linked to defects in degradation systems such as the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway, while lysosomal dysfunction is partly related to compromised acidification. We have recently proven that acidic nanoparticles (aNPs) can re‐acidify lysosomes and ameliorate neurotoxin‐mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice. However, no lysosome‐targeted approach has yet been tested in synucleinopathy models in vivo. Here, we show that aNPs increase α‐synuclein degradation through enhancing lysosomal activity in vitro. We further demonstrate in vivo that aNPs protect nigral dopaminergic neurons from cell death, ameliorate α‐synuclein pathology, and restore lysosomal function in mice injected with PD patient‐derived Lewy body extracts carrying toxic α‐synuclein aggregates. Our results support lysosomal re‐acidification as a disease‐modifying strategy for the treatment of PD and other age‐related proteinopathies.
Mechanism of injury and special considerations as predictive of serious injury: A systematic review
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Davis‐O'Reilly Cynthia , Jungbauer Rebecca M. , Newgard Craig D. , Fallat Mary E. , Brown Joshua B. , Mann N. Clay , Jurkovich Gregory J. , Bulger Eileen , Gestring Mark L. , Lerner E. Brooke , Chou Roger , Totten Annette M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's field triage guidelines (FTG) are routinely used by emergency medical services personnel for triaging injured patients. The most recent (2011) FTG contains physiologic, anatomic, mechanism, and special consideration steps. Our objective was to systematically review the criteria in the mechanism and special consideration steps that might be predictive of serious injury or need for a trauma center.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the predictive utility of mechanism and special consideration criteria for predicting serious injury. A research librarian searched in Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases for studies published between January 2011 and February 2021. Eligible studies were identified using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were excluded if they lacked an outcome for serious injury, such as measures of resource use, injury severity scores, mortality, or composite measures using a combination of outcomes. Given the heterogeneity in populations, measures, and outcomes, results were synthesized qualitatively focusing on positive likelihood ratios (LR+) whenever these could be calculated from presented data or adjusted odds ratios (aOR).ResultsWe reviewed 2418 abstracts and 315 full‐text publications and identified 42 relevant studies. The factors most predictive of serious injury across multiple studies were death in the same vehicle (LR+ 2.2–7.4), ejection (aOR 3.2–266.2), extrication (LR+ 1.1–6.6), lack of seat belt use (aOR 4.4–11.3), high speeds (aOR 2.0–2.9), concerning crash variables identified by vehicle telemetry systems (LR+ 4.7–22.2), falls from height (LR+ 2.4–5.9), and axial load or diving (aOR 2.5–17.6). Minor or inconsistent predictors of serious injury were vehicle intrusion (LR+ 0.8–7.2), cardiopulmonary or neurologic comorbidities (LR+ 0.8–3.1), older age (LR+ 0.6–6.8), or anticoagulant use (LR+ 1.1–1.8).ConclusionsSelect mechanism and special consideration criteria contribute positively to appropriate field triage of potentially injured patients.
Ten years of a publicly funded homebirth service in Victoria: Maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Sweet Linda , Wynter Karen , O'Driscoll Katherine , Blums Tija , Nenke Agia , Sommeling Margaret , Kolar Rachel , Teale Glyn 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundRates of homebirth in Australia remain low, at less than 0.3% of all births.AimsTo report maternal and neonatal outcomes of ten years of a publicly funded homebirth service, 2009–2019.MethodRetrospective analysis of clinical outcome data including neonatal outcomes of women who requested a homebirth at a large metropolitan health service in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcomes included: maternal outcomes (mortality, transfer to hospital, place and mode of birth, perineal status, type of third stage of labour, postpartum haemorrhage), and neonatal outcomes (mortality, Apgar score at five minutes, birthweight, breastfeeding initiation, significant morbidity, transfer to hospital).ResultsReferrals for 827 women were reviewed; 633 remained eligible at 36 weeks gestation, and 473 (57%) birthed at home. Compared to women who did not, women who had a homebirth were significantly more likely to be multiparous, have a normal vaginal birth and an intact perineum, less likely to require suturing and less likely to have blood loss of more than 500 mL. Compared to infants not born at home, infants born at home were significantly less likely to require resuscitation, more likely to be of normal birthweight and exclusively receive breastmilk on discharge. There were no maternal deaths and one neonatal death of a baby born at home before the arrival of a midwife.ConclusionsThe outcomes for women accepted into the publicly funded homebirth program suggest appropriate triaging and case selection. A publicly funded homebirth program, with appropriate governance and clinical guidelines, appears to be a safe option for women experiencing low‐risk pregnancies.
Pulsatility hemodynamics during speed modulation of continuous‐flow total artificial heart in a chronic in vivo model
Authors: Kuroda Taiyo , Miyamoto Takuma , Miyagi Chihiro , Polakowski Anthony R. , Flick Christine R. , Kuban Barry D. , Voros George B. , Such Kimberly , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Karimov Jamshid H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of pulsatile flow created by the new Cleveland Clinic continuous‐flow total artificial heart (CFTAH100), which has a re‐designed right impeller and motor, had not been tested in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pulsatility with the CFTAH100 during the application of pump speed modulation protocols in a chronic animal model.MethodsA 30‐day chronic animal experiment was conducted with a calf. Five pulsatile studies were performed on the alert animal. The mean pump speed was set at 2800 rpm, and modulated sinusoidally within a range of 0 to ± 35% of mean speed, in increments of 5% at 80 beats per minute (bpm). The pressures and pump flow were collected and a pulsatility index (PI) was calculated.ResultsThe calf was supported with the CFTAH100 without any major complications. The maximum and minimum pump flows changed significantly from baseline in all conditions, while the mean pump flow did not change. All flow pulsatility (FP) readings in all conditions significantly increased from baseline, and the percent modulation (%S) and FP had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.99, p  <  0.01). The PI also increased significantly in all conditions (maximum at %S of 35%, 2.2  ±  0.05, p < 0.01), and a positive correlation between %S and PI (r = 0.99, p < 0.01) was observed.ConclusionThe CFTAH100 showed the feasibility of creating pulsatile circulation with sinusoidal pump speed modulation.
Remdesivir use and risks of acute kidney injury and acute liver injury among patients hospitalised with COVID‐19: a self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Wong Carlos K. H. , Au Ivan C. H. , Cheng Wing Yiu , Man Kenneth K. C. , Lau Kristy T. K. , Mak Lung Yi , Lui Sing Leung , Chung Matthew S. H. , Xiong Xi , Lau Eric H. Y. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackground and AimTo investigate and quantify the risks of AKI and ALI associated with remdesivir use, given the underlying diseases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThis self‐controlled case series (SCCS) study was conducted using electronic hospital records between 23 January 2020 and 31 January 2021 as retrieved from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority which manages all laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Hong Kong. Outcomes of AKI and ALI were defined using the KDIGO Guideline and Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver consensus guidelines. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for AKI and ALI following the administration of remdesivir (exposure) in comparison to a non‐exposure period were estimated using the conditional Poisson regression models.ResultsOf 860 COVID‐19 patients administered remdesivir during hospitalisation, 334 (38.8%) and 137 (15.9%) had incident ALI and AKI, respectively. Compared with the baseline period, both ALI and AKI risks were increased significantly during the pre‐exposure period (ALI: IRR = 6.169, 95% CI = 4.549–8.365; AKI: IRR = 7.074, 95% CI = 3.763–13.298) and remained elevated during remdesivir treatment. Compared to the pre‐exposure period, risks of ALI and AKI were not significantly higher in the first 2 days of remdesivir initiation (ALI: IRR = 1.261, 95% CI = 0.915–1.737; AKI: IRR = 1.261, 95% CI = 0.889–1.789) and between days 2 and 5 of remdesivir treatment (ALI: IRR = 1.087, 95% CI = 0.793–1.489; AKI: IRR = 1.152, 95% CI = 0.821–1.616).ConclusionThe increased risks of AKI and ALI associated with intravenous remdesivir treatment for COVID‐19 may be due to the underlying SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The risks of AKI and ALI were elevated in the pre‐exposure period, yet no such increased risks were observed following remdesivir initiation when compared to the pre‐exposure period.