bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Effects of Change of Gear Parameter Module on Transmission Error in Spur Gear using Interference Volume Method
Authors: Karma V , Maheshwari G , Somani S K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gear drives are the most used elements in power transmission systems. Any defect in the gear of these drives leads to noise and vibrations, which affect power/torque transmission. Transmission Error (TE) is one of the critical causes that arises due to the tooth geometry error, cracks in gear, profile error etc. Our work demonstrates, the consequences occurring due to the changes in gear parameter module on TE for spur gear pair of 1:1 gear ratio with pitch error, using the interference volume method. The spur gear without pitch error and with pitch error having the involute profile of standard tooth dimension system and stub tooth dimension system are modelled and assembled in CAD software SOLIDWORKS. The interference volume values obtained from the gear pairs are recorded for one mesh cycle. Various graphs plotted between the angle of rotation and interference volume values for one mesh cycle. It is found from the analysis that as the module and pitch error increase TE also increases. The effect of variation of module and pitch error is more in the standard tooth dimension system than the stub tooth dimension system.
Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Srivastava Shubham , Pandey Saurabh , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The design of structures depends on designer’s experience and generally, the designer proceeds with trial and error until he arrives at a design which satisfies prescribed limit states. This is especially true for reinforced concrete structures in which the structural configuration is decided first and then reinforcement requirements are determined, resulting in higher cost. Retaining walls involve a large number of variables and therefore have been far from optimization. However, since retaining walls comprise of 20-30 percent of the cost of highways in hilly regions, their optimization is critical to economy of the project. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) does not require the objective function to be linear or differentiable and hence is ideally suited for optimization of retaining walls. This study uses PSO as a tool for the optimizing a Cantilever RC Retaining Wall. The objective function consists of two parts - cost function and penalty term. A program and GUI was developed to implement PSO. A reduction in cost was achieved from 8% -17% depending on the height of retaining wall, while the optimization in weight varied from 9%-34%.
Role of nanofluids as an anti-freezing agent
Authors: Soni S , Singh J , Gill B K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the era of the advancement, finding better and efficient solution for the problems is the real deal. Nanofluids discovery and related research work are giving efficient results in coping up the problems. Usage of nanofluids in different spheres and now finding application as an anti-freeze agent really helping normal people and industrialist. The contribution of nanofluids towards the high heat transfer rate is because of the improved properties. This paper reviews the features which make nanofluids as an anti-freeze agent and also deals with the published research papers to see how efficient the nanofluids are and what made them that efficient and the chances of the improvement to get better outcome.
Design of low cost IoT enabled embedded control system for covid free smart home
Authors: Singh Khushi , Jindal Sumit Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the era of automation, the Internet of Things (IoT) has come up as a solution and innovation for many applications to improve the basic facilities required in the day-to-day routine. IoT, itself is the interconnectivity of different physical devices with the help of wireless networks e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi without human intervention. The low-cost embedded control unit for Covid free Smart Home is based on the idea of home automation by keeping the current situation of the Covid pandemic in mind. Irradiation of Ultraviolet C (UVC) spectrum is used to sanitize household goods, where convectional sanitization process is not suitable. Simple home automation means controlling or monitoring different electronic/electrical home appliances, devices, and other such things with smartphones or by doing sensor-based operations. All the required devices are connected with one embedded control unit which is managed through a mobile app. This functionality can be accessed either by manually operating a mobile app or with voice assistants e.g., Alexa or Google Assistant, etc. The basic point of communication among devices is based on real-time sensor inputs, which trigger the devices for action and react as per requirements. Ambient light sensors are used to control the on/off the functionality of lights based on the intensity of light present naturally. In this scenario, lights will be switched off in day mode and switched on in night mode. Advancement in wireless technologies enables the researchers to apply various modes of communications among the sensors, gateway, and applications. Bluetooth, Wireless sensor network (WSN), Wi-Fi, Global system for mobile communication (GSM) are a few of them, which are being used either in sensing nodes or in communication gateway to make home automation free of the wired network.
MoS2/CeO2 Based Composite for Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Dogra Nitesh , Dadwal Kajal , Kumar Arun , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Here, we report synthesis of MoS2/CeO2 composite using a two-step hydrothermal techniques. A two-terminal sensor device made from the composite was further used for ammonia detection at room-temperature. The device has shown selective behavior toward ammonia gas molecules as compared to acetone, ethanol and N-methyle pyroliddone (NMP). Further, the sensor display delayed recovery and a relative-response of eleven percent for ammonia (30 ppm). The decrease in resistance after interaction with ammonia gas molecules indicate n-type conduction of the composite. Conduction type was further confirmed using Mott-Schottky measurements which gives a positive slope with composite as working electrode. These initial studies indicated that transition-metal dichalcogenides based composite with metal oxide semiconductor could be optimized for selective detection of various volatile organic compounds.
Semiconductor wafer defect classification using convolution neural network: a binary case
Authors: Chauhan Krishan Kumar , Joshi Garima , Kaur Manjeet , Vig Renu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the multitude of steps used in semiconductor industry, automation is being practiced extensively in its manufacturing processes to guarantee quality of manufactured chips and improvement in production. At front end of line, wafer are probed and defective chips are segregated. From this data wafer bin map are generated, these show defects on the surface of wafers. If analysis of wafer bin map is done manually, this may result in incorrect categorization of defects due to human error and lack of judgement. Thus, the rationale behind this research study is to determine the scope of vision-based methods for automatic classification of wafer defects. In view of this, a classifier which detects Type A and Type B defects in wafers is proposed. It involves a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based binary classifier. 250 Images of each class of wafer bin map dataset, is used to conduct the study on five layer CNN architecture. The proposed setup gives the test accuracy of 97.7%.
Evolution of magnetic and structural properties of MgO thin film with vacuum annealing
Authors: Vardhan Harsh , Sharma Gagan , Sharma Kavita , Choudhary R.J. , Phase D. M. , Gupta Mukul , Raghavendra Reddy V. , Gupta Ajay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, investigation of MgO thin film, deposited via e-beam evaporation is carried out with increasing annealing temperature. Structural properties, as elucidated using X-ray based techniques viz. grazing incidence XRD and X-ray reflectivity were associated with magnetic properties of film as observed using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. As-deposited film is polycrystalline in nature and exhibits ferromagnetism, which is attributed to presence of Mg vacancies. Vacuum annealing results densification of film with concurrent increase in electron density and reduction in film thickness and saturation magnetization. However, at sufficiently high temperature, electron density and saturation magnetization decreases comparative to as-deposited film. The results are significant for the optimization of desired functional properties of MgO particularly in MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions, providing high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio.
Polydopamine-coated polycaprolactone/carbon nanotube fibrous scaffolds loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Pi Wei , Zhang Yanling , Li Longfei , Li Ci , Zhang Meng , Zhang Wei , Cai Qing , Zhang Peixun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of peripheral nerve tissue engineering due to their unique structural and physical characteristics. In this study, a novel type of aligned conductive scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and CNTs were fabricated via electrospinning. Utilizing mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) surface modification, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was loaded onto PCL/CNT fibrous scaffolds to obtain PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds capable of the sustained release of BDNF over 28 d. Schwann cells were cultured on these scaffolds, and the effect of the scaffolds on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro was assessed by studying cell proliferation, morphology and the expressions of myelination-related genes S100, P0 and myelin basic protein. Furthermore, the effect of these scaffolds on peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo was investigated using a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect model. Both the in vitro and in vivo results indicate that PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds effectively promote sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Therefore, PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds have great potential for peripheral nerve restoration.
Influence of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welds of AA2014 and AA6063 aluminium alloys using response surface methodology
Authors: Ramamurthy M , Balasubramanian P , Senthilkumar N , Anbuchezhiyan G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Welding dissimilar alloys of aluminium are quite cumbersome due to their lower melting temperatures and difficulty in welding. To resolve this, solid-state procedure friction stir welding (FSW) is utilized largely in industries. In this present research, dissimilar aluminium alloys AA2014 and AA6063 is joined using the FSW procedure to achieve higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and microhardness. Experiments were planned as per response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD), for four input parameters (tool pin profile, rotational speed, axial force and traverse speed). Micrographs of the weld show grain refinement and proper fusion of materials which increases the mechanical strength and bonding. Outcomes from the experiment show that the considered input parameters significantly influence all the outputs. The optimum condition was evolved from multiobjective optimization procedure using desirability approach (DA) which are 1010 rpm rotating tool speed, 25 mm min−1 as tool traverse speed, 7 kN of axial force with triangular pin profile. The second-order regression model predicts the output responses with lower residuals and the confirmation experiment outputs produces a maximum deviation of 7.94% with investigational outcomes with optimum condition. Micrographs shows that the heat affected zone (HAZ) region is free from voids, oxides, and cracks. The nugget zone has the flow of materials from both the base metals and the flow track is clearly visible.
BamToCov: an efficient toolkit for sequence coverage calculations
Authors: Birolo Giovanni , Telatin Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationMany genomics applications require the computation of nucleotide coverage of a reference genome or the ability to determine how many reads map to a reference region.ResultsBamToCov is a toolkit for rapid and flexible coverage computation that relies on the most memory efficient algorithm and is designed for integration in pipelines, given its ability to read alignment files from streams. The tools in the suite can process sorted BAM or CRAM files, allowing the user to extract coverage information via different filtering approaches and to save the output in different formats (BED, Wig or counts). The BamToCov algorithm can also handle strand-specific and/or physical coverage analyses.Availability and implementationThis program, accessory utilities and their documentation are freely available at https://github.com/telatin/BamToCov.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An approximate randomization test for the high-dimensional two-sample Behrens–Fisher problem under arbitrary covariances
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Wangli 
Published: February 2022

Summary
This paper is concerned with the problem of comparing the population means of two groups of independent observations. An approximate randomization test procedure based on the test statistic of Chen & Qin (2010) is proposed. The asymptotic behaviour of the test statistic, as well as the randomized statistic, is studied under weak conditions. In our theoretical framework, observations are not assumed to be identically distributed even within groups. No condition on the eigenstructure of the covariance matrices is imposed. Furthermore, the sample sizes of the two groups are allowed to be unbalanced. Under general conditions, all possible asymptotic distributions of the test statistic are obtained. We derive the asymptotic level and local power of the approximate randomization test procedure. Our theoretical results show that the proposed test procedure can adapt to all possible asymptotic distributions of the test statistic, always has the correct test level asymptotically and has good power behaviour. Our numerical experiments show that the proposed test procedure has favourable performance compared with several alternative test procedures.
Diverse injury responses of human oligodendrocyte to mediators implicated in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pernin Florian , Luo Julia Xiao Xuan , Cui Qiao-Ling , Blain Manon , Fernandes Milton G F , Yaqubi Moein , Srour Myriam , Hall Jeff , Dudley Roy , Jamann Hélène , Larochelle Catherine , Zandee Stephanie E J , Prat Alexandre , Stratton Jo Anne , Kennedy Timothy E , Antel Jack P 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarly multiple sclerosis lesions feature relative preservation of oligodendrocyte cell bodies with dying back retraction of their myelinating processes. Cell loss occurs with disease progression. Putative injury mediators include metabolic stress (low glucose/nutrient), pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α), and excitotoxins (glutamate). Our objective was to compare the impact of these disease relevant mediators on the injury responses of human mature oligodendrocytes.In the current study, we determined the effects of these mediators on process extension and survival of human brain derived mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and used bulk RNA sequencing to identify distinct effector mechanisms that underlie the responses. All mediators induced significant process retraction of the oligodendrocytes in dissociated cell culture. Only metabolic stress (low glucose/nutrient) conditions resulted in delayed (4–6 days) non-apoptotic cell death. Metabolic effects were associated with induction of the integrated stress response, which can be protective or contribute to cell injury dependent on its level and duration of activation. Addition of Sephin1, an agonist of the integrated stress response induced process retraction under control conditions and further enhanced retraction under metabolic stress conditions. The antagonist ISRIB restored process outgrowth under stress conditions, and if added to already stressed cells, reduced delayed cell death and prolonged the period in which recovery could occur. Inflammatory cytokine functional effects were associated with activation of multiple signalling pathways (including Jak/Stat-1) that regulate process outgrowth, without integrated stress response induction. Glutamate application produced limited transcriptional changes suggesting a contribution of effects directly on cell processes.Our comparative studies indicate the need to consider both the specific injury mediators and the distinct cellular mechanisms of responses to them by human oligodendrocytes to identify effective neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis.
Optimization of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method Using Central Composite Design for the Simultaneous Estimation of Ciprofloxacin and Loteprednol
Authors: Dewani Anil P , Vekariya Hitesh J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple, rapid, precise and accurate stability indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Loteprednol (LOT) along with their forced degradation products using central composite design (CCD) approach. CCD was prepared with three independent variables in a gradient HPLC method. In gradient program (GP) the ratio of phosphate buffer in the mobile phase was 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% and 90%, the pH of phosphate buffer was 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2 and 3.4, flow rate was 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 mL/min. Resolution, tailing factor (CIP) and tailing factor (LOT) were selected as response factor. The effective separation of LOT and CIP was achieved on Phenomenex EVO-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm × 5 μm particle size) opting gradient mode of elution. The mobile phase composed of 10 mM Phosphate buffer pH 3.2 with ortho-phosphoric acid and the organic phase composed of mixture of acetonitrile and methanol in 50:50% v/v with flow rate of 1 mL/min and diode array detection at 258 nm. The optimized variables found were flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, ratio of phosphate buffer in GP 80% at pH 3.0. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and applied for analysis of stability samples.
Geometric and material attenuation of surface acoustic modes in granular media
Authors: Zaccherini R , Palermo A , Marzani A , Colombi A , Dertimanis V K , Chatzi E N 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYGranular materials can be used in laboratory-scale physical models to simulate and study seismic wave propagation in various unconsolidated, porous heterogeneous media. This is due to the diverse available grain configurations, in terms of their shape, size and mechanical parameters, which enable the physical and geological modelling of various complex substrates. In this work, an unconsolidated granular medium, made of silica microbeads, featuring a gravity-induced power-law stiffness profile is experimentally tested in a laboratory setting. The objective is to investigate the attenuation mechanisms of vertically polarized seismic waves traveling at the surface of unconsolidated substrates that are characterized by power-law rigidity profiles. Both geometric spreading and material damping due to skeletal dissipation are considered. The understanding of these two attenuation mechanisms is crucial in seismology for properly determining the seismic site response. An electromagnetic shaker is employed to excite the granular medium between 300 and 550 Hz, generating linear modes that are localized near the surface. A densely sampled section is recorded at the surface using a laser vibrometer. The explicit solution of the geometric attenuation law of Rayleigh-like waves in layered media is employed to calculate the geometric spreading function of the vertically polarized surface modes within the granular material. In accordance with recent studies, the dynamics of these small-amplitude multimodal linear waves can be analysed by considering the granular medium as perfectly continuous and elastic. By performing a nonlinear regression analysis on particle displacements, extracted from experimental velocity data, we determine the frequency-dependent attenuation coefficients, which account for the material damping. The findings of this work show that laboratory-scale physical models can be used to study the geometric spreading of vertically polarized seismic waves induced by the soil inhomogeneity and characterize the material damping of the medium.
Fast calculation of spatial sensitivity kernels for scattered waves in arbitrary heterogeneous media using graph theory
Authors: Bogiatzis P , Rychert C A , Harmon N , Xie Y 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYP-to-S and S-to-P receiver functions are widely used to constrain the seismic discontinuity structures of the Earth. Typically, receiver functions are projected to the depth and location of conversion assuming a 1-D layered Earth structure. Receiver function finite frequency sensitivity kernels have the potential to increase resolution. Here we present a method for rapidly calculating the P- and S-wave receiver function sensitivity kernels, based upon the shortest path method and Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the traveltime fields, and accounting for geometrical spreading in heterogeneous media. The validity of the approach is evaluated by comparing with amplitudes derived from a finite difference elastic full waveform simulation in a complex subduction zone geometry. We show P-to-S and S-to-P kernels calculated using our method for three examples cases: a half space, a layer with topography, and a sinusoidal discontinuity. We also demonstrate the kernel recovery of discontinuities with these topographies by inverting synthetic data from SPECFEM2D. We find that P-to-S kernels recover the structure of strong topography better than S-to-P kernels, although S-to-P kernels may be useful in some situations. P-to-S kernels also show better recovery of the amplitude of the discontinuities in comparison to S-to-P, although both typically achieve values within a few percent of the input model. The computational cost of our approach for improved kernel calculation in heterogeneous media is up to a few tens of seconds per station for typical regional scale models on the scale of several 100s of kilometres.