bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nanoemulsions: A new design and fat‐reducing strategy for the bakery industry. Their effects on some quality attributes of fat‐reduced cakes
Authors: Meral Raciye , Ekin Mehmet Mustafa , Kutlu Nazan , Kose Yagmur Erim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOil‐loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) with a diameter of 192.28–240.70 nm were obtained and NEs (containing 3.75 g nanosized oil) were added to the fat‐reduced cake formulation. The fat content decreased by 42.38%, 44.42, and 45.84%. With the fat reduction, the specific volume increased from 2.43 to 3.07 cm3/g. It was revealed that cakes with less fat were just as soft as the control. The ABTS (2,2‐azino bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) radical cation scavenging value, which was 62.45 mmol TEAC/g (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity/g) for the control sample, significantly increased with NE replacement. In addition, cakes containing only 3.75 g of a nanosized oil showed sensory qualities similar to the control. Cake samples' greasiness remained the same even though NE‐containing samples had less fat. In summary, adding NE to a cake's formulation can improve the functional, oxidative, and physical properties without lowering the cake's quality. Also, NE addition could limit mold and yeast growth.Practical applicationsThe cake is a bakery product consumed by all ages of people. However, its high fat ratio is one of the major problems related to cake. Although researchers and food producers have tried for reducing the fat content with carbohydrate and protein‐based fat replacers, it is a big problem to produce a desirable cake without fat. In this sense, nanoemulsions containing nano‐scale oil can be the solution to overcome this problem. In this study, nanoemulsions with a diameter of 192.28–240.70 nm were successfully fabricated. The nanoemulsions containing only 3.75 g nano‐oil were added to the fat‐reduced cake formulation. According to the results, highly acceptable cakes were obtained by nanotechnology. Sensory properties were improved with nanotechnology despite the fat reduction. A novel, cheap, and easy formulation was developed for fat‐reduced cakes. Consequently, it was revealed, that nanoemulsions can be successfully used in fat‐reduced cake production, also, the functional properties of cakes can be improved via nano‐oil.
Role of xanthan gum in wheat‐highland barley dough and noodle quality
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Liu Lu , Li Xianghe , Zhao Renyong , Zhao Yong , Xu Xuebing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractXanthan gum (XG) (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) has been added to wheat‐highland barley noodle (WHBN, 50:50) for improving noodle texture and quality. The structural, rheological, gelatinization, cooking, and textural properties of WHBN were studied. XRD results showed increased addition of XG reduced the relative crystallinity of WHBN. Increased XG in WHBN enhanced the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, and setback, whereas decreased the pasting temperature of WHBN. Rheological studies showed the addition of XG increased the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of WHBN dough. Water uptake of noodles was increased from 140.42% (WHBN) to 154.10% (WHBN‐1.5%XG), whereas, cooking loss was reduced from 8.84% to 7.45% correspondingly. Textural profile analysis exhibited 1.5%XG addition increased the hardness of WHBN from 365.43 to 1063.29 g. Overall, 1.5%XG addition to WHBN appeared to be the most viable for improving structural, rheological, pasting, textural, and cooking qualities of WHBN.Practical applicationsThis study showed the improving effect of xanthan gum on wheat‐highland barley noodle regarding to structural, rheological, gelatinization, cooking, and textural properties.
Estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites in the Loess Plateau, China by regional frequency analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Zhang Hongbo , Singh Vijay P. , Shao Shuting , Ding Hao , Wu Yanrui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events has caused more severe floods than before under the influence of climate change, and is receiving a lot of attention in data‐scarce areas like the Loess Plateau, especially in some small basins without hydrometeorological data, and to avert the risk of disaster needs the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles. In this study, generalized additive models (GAM) are combined with a nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA) procedure to estimate extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites in the Wei River basin on the Loess Plateau. Also, the single inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation, NLCCA‐backpropagation (BP), and NLCCA‐radial basis function (RBF) models were used as comparative methods for testing the efficiency of the NLCCA‐GAM model. Because meteorological data are generally lacking in rainfall‐ungauged basins, data at ungauged sites was interpolated by IDW interpolation when NLCCA delineated homogeneous regions. Results of validation indicated that maximum daily rainfall quantiles in the Loess Plateau were well estimated by NLCCA‐GAM‐based regional frequency analysis, implying the NLCCA‐GAM is a useful tool for estimating design extreme rainfall in ungauged basins. Results of comparison demonstrated that NLCCA‐GAM was more robust and better reflected the nonlinear relationship between explanatory and response variables in the region than did comparative approaches. In addition, it was found that the NLCCA‐GAM approach made full use of the data from sites in homogeneous regions to mine the valuable nonlinear correlation between ungauged and gauged sites and estimate extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites.
Treatment preferences among adults with normal cognition and cognitive impairment
Authors: Owsley Kelsey M. , Langa Kenneth M. , Macis Mario , Nicholas Lauren Hersch 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough patient participation in treatment decisions is important for preference‐concordant care delivery, it is largely unknown how cognitive impairment influences treatment preferences. We investigated whether treatment preferences for the care of serious illness differ between adults with and without cognitive impairment in hypothetical clinical scenarios.MethodsData from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study were used. The sample included 1291 self‐respondents (201 respondents with cognitive impairment, and 1090 with normal cognition). We examined treatment preferences for life‐extending, limited, and comfort care options in two hypothetical clinical scenarios where the respondent imagines a patient with (1) good physical health with severe cognitive impairment consistent with dementia; and (2) with physical impairment due to a heart attack, but normal cognition. Respondents specified whether they were unsure, or if they would want or not want each treatment option. Linear probability models were used to compare treatment preferences by cognitive status.ResultsRespondents with cognitive impairment were more likely to report that they were unsure about treatment options across both clinical scenarios compared to those with normal cognition. For the limited treatment option, cognitive impairment was associated with a lower rate of expressing a treatment preference by 7.3 (p = 0.070) and 8.5 (p = 0.035) percentage points for dementia and heart attack scenarios, respectively. Among those who articulated preferences, cognitive impairment was associated with a higher rate of preference for life‐extending treatment in both dementia (30.1% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.044) and heart attack scenarios (30.0% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.033).ConclusionsCompared to those with normal cognition, cognitive impairment was associated with greater uncertainty about treatment preferences and higher rates of aggressive care preferences among those who specified preferences. Further research should assess whether preferences for aggressive care become more common as cognition declines in order to improve preference‐concordant care delivery for patients with cognitive impairment.
Mechanistic stoichiometric relationship between the rates of neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation: Reevaluation of and alternatives to the pseudo‐malate‐aspartate shuttle model
Authors: Rothman Douglas L. , Behar Kevin L. , Dienel Gerald A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ~1:1 stoichiometry between the rates of neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc‐ox–N) and glutamate (Glu)/γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐glutamine (Gln) neurotransmitter (NT) cycling between neurons and astrocytes (VNTcycle) has been firmly established. However, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not fully understood, and this knowledge is critical for the interpretation of metabolic and brain imaging studies in normal and diseased brain. The pseudo‐malate‐aspartate shuttle (pseudo‐MAS) model established the requirement for glycolytic metabolism in cultured glutamatergic neurons to produce NADH that is shuttled into mitochondria to support conversion of extracellular Gln (i.e., astrocyte‐derived Gln in vivo) into vesicular neurotransmitter Glu. The evaluation of this model revealed that it could explain half of the 1:1 stoichiometry and it has limitations. Modifications of the pseudo‐MAS model were, therefore, devised to address major knowledge gaps, that is, submitochondrial glutaminase location, identities of mitochondrial carriers for Gln and other model components, alternative mechanisms to transaminate α‐ketoglutarate to form Glu and shuttle glutamine‐derived ammonia while maintaining mass balance. All modified models had a similar 0.5 to 1.0 predicted mechanistic stoichiometry between VNTcycle and the rate of glucose oxidation. Based on studies of brain β‐hydroxybutyrate oxidation, about half of CMRglc‐ox–N may be linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and localized in pre‐synaptic structures that use pseudo‐MAS type mechanisms for Glu‐Gln cycling. In contrast, neuronal compartments that do not participate in transmitter cycling may use the MAS to sustain glucose oxidation. The evaluation of subcellular compartmentation of neuronal glucose metabolism in vivo is a critically important topic for future studies to understand glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.image
Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia
Authors: Dunning Luke T. , Olofsson Jill K. , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , Hibdige Samuel G. S. , Hidalgo Oriane , Leitch Ilia J. , Baleeiro Paulo C. , Ntshangase Sinethemba , Barker Nigel , Jobson Richard W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene‐flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.
Secretory membrane traffic in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Yun Hye Sup , Sul Woo Jun , Chung Hoo Sun , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Kwon Chian 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPlant defense responses include the extracellular release of defense‐related molecules, such as pathogenesis‐related proteins and secondary metabolites, as well as cell wall materials. This primarily depends on the trafficking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane, where they discharge their contents into the apoplastic space via soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor‐assisted exocytosis. However, some pathogenic and symbiotic microbes have developed strategies to manipulate host plant exocytic pathways. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which plant exocytic pathways function in immunity and how microbes have evolved to manipulate those pathways.
Gravity sensing and responses in the coordination of the shoot gravitropic setpoint angle
Authors: Kawamoto Nozomi , Morita Miyo Terao 
Published: September 2022

SummaryGravity is one of the fundamental environmental cues that affect plant development. Indeed, the plant architecture in the shoots and roots is modulated by gravity. Stems grow vertically upward, whereas lateral organs, such as the lateral branches in shoots, tend to grow at a specific angle according to a gravity vector known as the gravitropic setpoint angle (GSA). During this process, gravity is sensed in specialised gravity‐sensing cells named statocytes, which convert gravity information into biochemical signals, leading to asymmetric auxin distribution and driving asymmetric cell division/expansion in the organs to achieve gravitropism. As a hypothetical offset mechanism against gravitropism to determine the GSA, the anti‐gravitropic offset (AGO) has been proposed. According to this concept, the GSA is a balance of two antagonistic growth components, that is gravitropism and the AGO. Although the nature of the AGO has not been clarified, studies have suggested that gravitropism and the AGO share a common gravity‐sensing mechanism in statocytes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying gravitropism as well as the hypothetical AGO in the control of the GSA.
Guardians of the phloem – forisomes and beyond
Authors: Noll Gundula A. , Furch Alexandra C. U. , Rose Judith , Visser Franziska , Prüfer Dirk 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe phloem is a highly specialized vascular tissue that forms a fundamentally important transport and signaling pathway in plants. It is therefore a system worth protecting. The main function of the phloem is to transport the products of photosynthesis throughout the whole plant, but it also transports soluble signaling molecules and propagates electrophysiological signals. The phloem is constantly threatened by mechanical injuries, phloem‐sucking pests and parasites, and the spread of pathogens, which has led to the evolution of efficient defense mechanisms. One such mechanism involves structural phloem proteins, which are thought to facilitate sieve element occlusion following injury and to defend the plant against pathogens. In leguminous plants, specialized structural phloem proteins known as forisomes form unique mechanoproteins via sophisticated molecular interaction and assembly mechanisms, thus enabling reversible sieve element occlusion. By understanding the structure and function of forisomes and other structural phloem proteins, we can develop a toolbox for biotechnological applications in material science and medicine. Furthermore, understanding the involvement of structural phloem proteins in plant defense mechanisms will allow phloem engineering as a new strategy for the development of crop varieties that are resistant to pests, pathogens and parasites.
Health insurance system and resilience to epidemics
Authors: Hong Jimin , Seog Sung Hun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe theoretically analyze the resilience (efficiency) of health insurance systems and diverse factors including trace and test technology, infection and contagion rates, and social distancing/lockdown policy, in coping with contagious diseases like COVID‐19. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, public insurance is more resilient than market insurance, as the former's investment in test technology is made at the social optimum, whereas the latter's investment is less. The decentralized behavior of competing insurers leads to a less resilient outcome. Second, resilience decreases as the market becomes more competitive because the externality effect becomes more severe. Third, a higher contagion rate, a more cost‐efficient test technology or a higher initial infection rate unless it is not too high, leads to a higher test accuracy level. Fourth, the socially optimal social distancing/lockdown policy is determined by comparison between its relative costs and the benefit from contagion reduction.
Estimating the general equilibrium effects of services trade liberalization
Authors: Reverdy Camille 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intangible nature of services and the lack of disaggregated trade data increase the difficulties involved in assessing the impediments to cross‐border trade in services. In an attempt to reduce the information gap existing in services trade, this article estimates the impact of trade barriers along with the conditional and general equilibrium responses to the partial liberalization of services trade, using structural gravity. Using data collected by the OECD, I find that the level of restrictiveness applied by an importing country has a negative and significant impact on trade; however, this impact is heterogeneous across services sectors. By focusing on eight services sectors, I find that the partial liberalization of services trade will cause real income to increase by, on average, 4.8%. The most restrictive countries are the largest winners of the partial liberalization of services trade, benefiting from the availability of less expensive sources and an increase in their attractiveness as a source.
Archipelagic geographies, civil society, and global development
Authors: Peck Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCivil society is seen as a key actor within and for global development. However, spatial representations of civil society within the global development landscape are dominated by scale, place, and verticality, neglecting more relational understandings of civic participation. Engaging with archipelagic thinking, drawn from the work of Édouard Glissant, Derek Walcott, and others, this paper makes a case for thinking about civil society through archipelagic relational ontologies. By employing an archipelagic lens to empirical material from research with civil society groups in Barbados and Grenada, the paper explores the relational creativity and metamorphic transformations that are part of civil society action. Utilising an archipelagic lens to think about civil society organising emphasises how civil society activity is produced, performed, and operationalised through creative relational arrangements that span (and contest) dominant spatial categories. For civil society actors this ‘metamorphic creativity’ – the crafting of these relations, the bringing together of ‘bits and pieces’, and the transforming and reworking of these relations to produce new forms and spaces of civic activity – is key to sustaining civil society and their own civic identities. This illustrates the creative, yet fragile nature of civil society, concluding that through these metamorphic relations civil society actors foster new civic spaces and identities, yet civil society simultaneously may also be constituted through, and potentially (re)produce (new) hierarchies of power.
How do we improve blood product administration audit rates
Authors: Morrow Jessica L. , Szydlowski Pitman Jessica , Elliott Ryland , Simmons Virginia C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailure to comply with institutional and national standards for blood product administration poses patient safety risks. Monitoring adherence to blood product administration policy is important for maintaining patient safety and ensuring regulatory agency compliance.Study Design and MethodsThis post‐implementation quality improvement project evaluated an electronic paging system that was developed to facilitate perioperative blood product administration audits.ResultsOf the 57 audits conducted, 55 (96.5%) audits were fully completed. Anesthesia providers verified the patient name and medical record number (MRN) on the patient's armband with the product ID tag in 36.5% (n = 20) of audits. Anesthesia providers ensured the name and MRN on the armband matched the compatibility label on the blood product in 23% (n = 23) of audits.DiscussionOngoing surveillance of blood product administration practices is needed to monitor adherence to blood product administration policy, promote patient safety, and avoid imminent financial consequences from noncompliance to national regulatory standards.
THE CONTENTIOUS COMPATIBILITY OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN: INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK SYMPOSIUM
Authors: Ardern Zachary 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the recent book The Compatibility of Evolution and Design, E. V. R. Kojonen argues that a biological design inference is still possible in light of mainstream evolutionary theory and that evolution and design need not be in explanatory tension. This collection of essays is the product of a symposium held in March 2022, which interacted with the claims of the book. Contributors come from diverse academic backgrounds across philosophy, science, and theology, and both critique and extend Kojonen's argument. Here, each contribution is introduced along with some important connections between them and key questions which remain open.
Spontaneous Isomerization [trans-B20H18]2– → [iso-B20H18]2– during Cobalt(II) Complexation with Phenanthroline
Authors: Avdeeva V. V. , Kubasov A. S. , Korolenko S. E. , Goeva L. V. , Malinina E. A. , Kuznetsov N. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, the cobalt(II) complexation with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) in the presence of the [trans-B20H18]2– anion has been studied. At a Co : Phen = 1 : 2 ratio in acetonitrile, a binuclear cobalt(II) complex with bridging chlorine atoms and the boron cluster anion as a counterion [(Phen)2Co(µ-Cl)2Co(Phen)2][trans-B20H18] has been isolated. However, during slow crystallization (within a month), spontaneous isomerization of [trans-B20H18]2– into [iso-B20H18]2– is observed. It has been established by X-ray diffraction analysis that in the crystal of the final compound [(Phen)2Co(µ-Cl)2Co(Phen)2][trans-B20H18]1/3[iso-B20H18]2/3, co-crystallization of both isomeric forms of the octadecahydroeicosaborate anion is observed for the first time. The presence of the iso form of the boron cluster anion is also confirmed by IR spectroscopy data: the spectrum of the product shows a band of stretching vibrations of the BHB bridge groups at 1773 cm–1, which is absent in the trans-form of the boron cluster.