bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound predictors of adverse outcome in pregnancy complicated by pre‐existing and gestational diabetes
Authors: Garbagnati Marta , Aye Christina Y. L. , Cavallaro Angelo , Mathewlynn Sam , Ioannou Christos , Impey Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound assessment of fetuses subjected to hyperglycemia is recommended but, apart from increased size, little is known about its interpretation, and the identification of which large fetuses of diabetic pregnancy are at risk is unclear. Newer markers of adverse outcomes, abdominal circumference growth velocity and cerebro‐placental ratio, help to predict risk in non‐diabetic pregnancy. Our study aims to assess their role in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of singleton, non‐anomalous fetuses of women with pre‐existing or gestational diabetes mellitus, and estimated fetal weight at the 10th centile or above. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed by selective screening of at risk groups. A universal ultrasound scan was offered at 20 and 36 weeks of gestation. Estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference growth velocity, presence of polyhydramnios, and cerebro‐placental ratio were evaluated at the 36‐week scan. A composite adverse outcome was defined as the presence of one or more of perinatal death, arterial cord pH less than 7.1, admission to Neonatal Unit, 5‐minute Apgar less than 7, severe hypoglycemia, or cesarean section for fetal compromise. A chi‐squared test was used to test the association of estimated fetal weight at the 90th centile or above, polyhydramnios, abdominal circumference growth velocity at the 90th centile or above, and cerebro‐placental ratio at the 5th centile or below with the composite outcome. Logistic regression was used to assess which ultrasound markers were independent risk factors. Odds ratios of composite adverse outcome with combinations of independent ultrasound markers were calculated.ResultsA total of 1044 pregnancies were included, comprising 87 women with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus and 957 with gestational diabetes. Estimated fetal weight at the 90th centile or above, abdominal circumference growth velocity at the 90th centile or above, cerebro‐placental ratio at the 5th centile or below, but not polyhydramnios, were significantly associated with adverse outcomes: odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) 1.85 (1.21–2.84), 1.54 (1.02–2.31), 1.92 (1.21–3.30), and 1.53 (0.79–2.99), respectively. Only estimated fetal weight at the 90th centile or above and cerebro‐placental ratio at the 5th centile or below were independent risk factors. The greatest risk (odds ratio 6.85, 95% confidence interval 2.06–22.78) was found where both the estimated fetal weight is at the 90th centile or above and the cerebro‐placental ratio is at the 5th centile or below.ConclusionsIn diabetic pregnancies, a low cerebro‐placental ratio, particularly in a macrosomic fetus, confers additional risk.
Factors influencing birth setting decision making in the United States: An integrative review
Authors: George Erin K. , Shorten Allison , Lyons Karen S. , Edmonds Joyce K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe United States has the highest perinatal morbidity and mortality (M&M) rates among all high‐resource countries in the world. Birth settings (birth center, home, or hospital) influence clinical outcomes, experience of care, and health care costs. Increasing use of low‐intervention birth settings can reduce perinatal M&M. This integrative review evaluated factors influencing birth setting decision making among women and birthing people in the United States.MethodsA search strategy was implemented within the CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guided the review, and the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice model was used to evaluate methodological quality and appraisal of the evidence. The Whittemore and Knafl integrative review framework informed the extraction and analysis of the data and generation of findings.ResultsWe identified 23 articles that met inclusion criteria. Four analytical themes were generated that described factors that influence birth setting decision making in the United States: “Birth Setting Safety vs. Risk,” “Influence of Media, Family, and Friends on Birth Setting Awareness,” “Presence or Absence of Choice and Control,” and “Access to Options.”DiscussionSupporting women and birthing people to make informed decisions by providing information about birth setting options and variations in models of care by birth setting is a critical patient‐centered strategy to ensure equitable access to low‐intervention birth settings. Policies that expand affordable health insurance to cover midwifery care in all birth settings are needed to enable people to make informed choices about birth location that align with their values, individual pregnancy characteristics, and preferences.
Immunomodulatory and direct activities of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b on cancer cells in mouse models of leukemia
Authors: Sakatoku Kazuki , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Nagasaki Joji , Nishimoto Mitsutaka , Hirose Asao , Nakamae Mika , Koh Hideo , Hino Masayuki , Nakamae Hirohisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough ropeginterferon alfa‐2b has recently been clinically applied to myeloproliferative neoplasms with promising results, its antitumor mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. Using a leukemia model developed in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the direct cytotoxic effects and indirect effects induced by ropeginterferon alfa‐2b in tumor cells. Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b therapy significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing leukemia cells and led to long‐term remission in some mice. Alternatively, conventional interferon‐alpha treatment slightly extended the survival and all mice died. When ropeginterferon alfa‐2b was administered to interferon‐alpha receptor 1–knockout mice after the development of leukemia to verify the direct effect on the tumor, the survival of these mice was slightly prolonged; nevertheless, all of them died. In vivo CD4+ or CD8+ T‐cell depletion resulted in a significant loss of therapeutic efficacy in mice. These results indicate that the host adoptive immunostimulatory effect of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is the dominant mechanism through which tumor cells are suppressed. Moreover, mice in long‐term remission did not develop leukemia, even after tumor rechallenge. Rejection of rechallenge tumors was canceled only when both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were removed in vivo, which indicates that each T‐cell group functions independently in immunological memory. We show that ropeginterferon alfa‐2b induces excellent antitumor immunomodulation in hosts. Our finding serves in devising therapeutic strategies with ropeginterferon alfa‐2b.
Differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules by the Demetics ultrasound‐assisted diagnosis system and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound combined with thyroid image reporting and data systems
Authors: Wang Guojuan , Nie Fang , Wang Yanfang , Yang Dan , Dong Tiantian , Liu Ting , Wang Peihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMore and more new ultrasound techniques with their own characteristics are applied in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. This study amied to assess and compare the diagnostic value of the Demetics ultrasound‐assisted diagnosis system and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with the Thyroid Image Reporting and Data Systems (TI‐RADS) for thyroid nodules.Design and PatientsA total of 600 thyroid nodules with pathological findings were retrospectively analysed. Demetics and CEUS were performed for all nodules. The diagnostic efficacy of Demetics and CEUS for nodules of different sizes was evaluated and compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−). The characteristics of nodules diagnosed and misdiagnosed by Demetics were compared to analyse the factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of Demetics. The necessity of CEUS for nodules that are prone to misdiagnosis in Demetics was assessed.ResultsBoth Demetics and CEUS can be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules of different sizes. The diagnostic agreement between Demetics and CEUS for thyroid nodules of different sizes was moderate, substantial and fair, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV of Demetics were higher than those of CEUS, and the specificity, PPV and LR+ of CEUS were higher than that of Demetics. The LR− of Demetics was lower than those of CEUS. There were significant differences in age, calcification and margin in analysing the factors affecting Demetics. CEUS correctly diagnosed 50 of the 101 nodules misdiagnosed by Demetics.ConclusionsDemetics showed high sensitivity in diagnosing thyroid nodules, while CEUS showed high specificity. In clinical practice, CEUS can further improve the diagnostic accuracy for nodules that are easily misdiagnosed by Demetics.
The inhibition of enterocyte proliferation by lithocholic acid exacerbates necrotizing enterocolitis through downregulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Feng Zhoushan , Jia Chunhong , Lin Xiaojun , Hao Hu , Li Sitao , Li Fei , Cui Qiliang , Chen Yaoyong , Wu Fan , Xiao Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a catastrophic gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants, whose exact aetiology remains unknown. The role of lithocholic acid (LCA), a key component of secondary bile acids (BAs), in NEC is unclear.MethodsClinical data were collected to analyse the changes of BAs in NEC patients. In vitro studies, the cell proliferation and cell death were assessed. In vivo experiments, the newborn rats were administered with low or high dose of LCA and further induced NEC.ResultsClinically, compared with control group, total BAs in the NEC patients were significantly higher when NEC occurred. In vitro, LCA treatment significantly inhibited the cell proliferation through arresting cell cycle at G1/S phase without inducing apoptosis or necroptosis. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was involved. In vivo, LCA inhibited intestinal cell proliferation leading to disruption of intestinal barrier, and thereby increased the severity of NEC. Specifically, LCA supplementation caused higher levels of FITC‐labelled dextran in serum, reduced PCNA expression and inhibited the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in enterocytes. The LC–MS/MS test found that LCA was significantly higher in intestinal tissue of NEC group, and more obviously in the NEC‐L and NEC‐H group compared with the DM group.ConclusionLCA exacerbates NEC by inhibiting intestinal cell proliferation through downregulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
A framework to select strategies for conserving and restoring habitat connectivity in complex landscapes
Authors: Cameron D. Richard , Schloss Carrie A. , Theobald David M. , Morrison Scott A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtecting or restoring habitat connectivity in landscapes undergoing rapid environmental change requires multiple conservation and restoration strategies. These strategies have different risk profiles, costs, and require various types of technical expertise to conduct. This diversity in landscape context and strategic approach requires more nuance and flexibility than traditional connectivity conservation plans have supported. We present a novel, spatially‐explicit framework for developing connectivity conservation priorities and strategies based on Omniscape, an adaptation of Circuitscape, a common tool for mapping habitat connectivity. Using California (USA) as a case study, we mapped structural connectivity and developed a classification of connectivity conservation and restoration categories across the gradient of land use intensities, as well as by land ownership. The most constrained areas with highly concentrated flow (movement potential) make up 3% of the state and occur primarily on private lands. Conversely, intact areas with diffuse flow that indicate multiple connectivity options cover 55% of the state, including the majority of the desert and mountain ecoregions. This “strategy mapping” approach can be used to identify priority areas for conservation investment and suites of potential implementation mechanisms and partners, which in turn may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of connectivity conservation in this era of global change.
The Overdose Response with Take Home Naloxone (ORTHN) project: Evaluation of health worker training, attitudes and perceptions
Authors: Monds Lauren A. , Bravo Maria , Mills Llewellyn , Malcolm Annie , Gilliver Rosie , Wood William , Harrod Mary Ellen , Read Phillip , Nielsen Suzanne , Dietze Paul M. , Lenton Simon , Bleeker Anne M. , Lintzeris Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionNaloxone is a life‐saving medication that reverses opioid overdose; naloxone can be provided on a ‘take‐home’ basis so naloxone can be administered outside of the health‐care setting. The Overdose Response and Take Home Naloxone (ORTHN) project established a model of care for take‐home naloxone (THN) interventions across alcohol and other drug and harm reduction services in NSW, Australia. This paper evaluates the staff training and credentialing program, and examines staff attitudes and perspectives regarding the provision of THN interventions in these settings.MethodsStaff across seven services were trained through a ‘train‐the‐trainer’ credentialing model to deliver ORTHN, including naloxone supply. Staff were surveyed regarding their experience, attitudes and knowledge on THN prior to and after training, and after 6 months. At the 6 months follow up, staff were asked about the interventions they provided, barriers and enablers to uptake, and opinions regarding future rollout.ResultsA total of 204 staff were trained and credentialed to provide the ORTHN intervention. Most (60%) were nurses, followed by needle syringe program workers and allied health/counsellors (32%). Linear and logistic regression analyses indicated that the training program was associated with significant improvements in staff knowledge and attitudes towards overdose and THN; however, only attitudinal improvements were maintained over time. There were high rates of staff satisfaction with the ORTHN intervention and training.Discussion/ConclusionsThe ORTHN program is ‘fit for purpose’ for broad implementation in these settings. A number of potential barriers (e.g. time, medication and staffing costs) and enablers (e.g. peer engagement, regulatory framework for naloxone supply) in implementing THN interventions were identified.
Sulci and gyri are topological cerebral landmarks in individual subjects: a study of brain navigation during tumour resection
Authors: Tomaiuolo Francesco , Raffa Giovanni , Morelli Adolfo , Rizzo Vincenzo , Germanó Antonino , Petrides Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurgical resection of brain tumours aims at the maximal safe resection of the pathological tissue with minimal functional impairment. To achieve this objective, reliable anatomical landmarks are indispensable to navigate into the brain. The neuronavigation system can provide information to target the location of the patient's lesion, but after the craniotomy, a brain shift and relaxation mismatch with it often occur. By contrast, sulci/gyri are topological cerebral landmarks in individual patients and do shift with the brain parenchyma during lesion removal, but remain independent from brain shift in relation to the sulci/gyri. Here, we present a case report of a novel strategy based on anatomical landmarks to guide intraoperative brain tumour resection, without using a standard neuronavigation system. A preoperative brain mapping of the peri‐tumoural sulci by the MRI and surface reconstruction was followed by confirmation of the anatomical landmarks for the motor cortex using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The resulting location was used as a seed for diffusion tensor imaging tractography to reconstruct the corticospinal tracts. These selected cortical landmarks (sulci/gyri) delimited the margins of the two lesions and the specific location under which the corticospinal tract courses, thus facilitating monitoring of the peri‐tumoural region during brain resection. In this case, 96% of the brain tumour from the pericentral somatomotor region was successfully removed without chronic post‐operative motor impairments. This approach is based on cortical anatomy that is fixed during surgery and does not suffer from the brain shift that could misplace the lesion according to the neuronavigation system.
A citizen science approach to enhance dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) data collection to improve species management
Authors: Merten Wessley , Appeldoorn Richard , Latour Jacob , Glaser Collin , Becker Emily , Hammond Don 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPublic integration in scientific research is fundamental to the conservation and enhancement of marine fisheries. A comprehensive review of the world's largest international citizen science capture–mark–recapture program (Dolphinfish Research Program (DRP)) for dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) was completed to catalogue 16 years of conventional tagging data and angler participation from 2002 to 2017. Data showed at least 1313 captains, 1332 vessels and more than 3285 fishing mates from around the world participated in the tag and release of 23,232 dolphinfish. Of those fish, 571 were recaptured and 19 horizontal movement categories were used to reveal detailed descriptions of movements of dolphinfish in the wild. Our review identified science‐based outcomes and established future research and outreach direction with the public. The combination of new studies, strategies and initiatives identified through this review will help advance our understanding of dolphinfish and provide the necessary data to ensure the long‐term conservation of this critically important offshore fish species.
Metabolomics in quality formation and characterisation of tea products: a review
Authors: Cai Hongli , Zhong Zhuoheng , Li Zhanming , Zhang Xiaojing , Fu Hongwei , Yang Bingxian , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTea is one of the biggest categories of modern non‐alcoholic beverages with health benefits. Through different processes, tea products are divided into six main types: green tea, yellow tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea and dark tea. Metabolomics is helpful for the comprehensive, accurate and rapid determination of tea metabolites in different types of tea products and tea processing materials. It has been widely applied in studying the relationship of tea metabolites and its quality. Therefore, it is necessary to summarise the application of metabolomics in tea. In this review, we described and summarised (1) the main metabolites of six types of tea and their implications on tea quality with emphasis on the content differences in the main metabolites in different types of tea; (2) the research on optimising the key processing steps of six types of tea based on metabolomics and the discussion of various new strategies for effectively improving their quality and (3) the advanced approach to characterise and distinguish different grades of tea products via metabolomics. The current review offers guidance for the improvement of tea quality by metabolomics and its potential challenges.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of web‐based psychosocial interventions among patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wan Su Wei , Chng Yun Jia Devon , Lim Siew Hoon , Chong Choon Seng , Pikkarainen Minna , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo synthesize the effectiveness of web‐based psychosocial interventions on self‐efficacy, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), non‐specific psychological and cancer‐specific distress among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesSix databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and CNKI) were searched from inception to December 2021.Review methodsExperimental/quasi‐experimental studies involving patients with CRC for the improvement of aforementioned outcomes were included. Two reviewers screened and extracted the data, and assessed studies' methodological quality using risk of bias tools. Meta‐analyses and narrative syntheses were performed.ResultsNineteen studies consisting of 1386 participants were identified. Cognitive‐behavioural therapy delivered online was the most common trialled web‐based psychosocial intervention. Meta‐analyses revealed no positive effect for self‐efficacy (standardized mean difference 0.93, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.35, p < .01) and minimal benefit for QoL (mean difference [MD] 2.83, 95% CI: −0.31 to 5.98, p = .08) but significant positive effects for anxiety (MD −2.23, 95% CI: −3.31 to −1.14, p < .01) and depression (MD −2.84, 95% CI: −4.09 to −1.59, p < .01) among CRC survivors in the intervention group as compared with the control group. Narrative synthesis suggested possible benefits in reducing distress.ConclusionWeb‐based psychosocial interventions are promising alternatives to conventional delivery methods in reducing patients' anxiety, depression and distress. However, evidence on self‐efficacy and QoL remains inconsistent. More adequately powered, well‐designed trials with targeted and theory‐based interventions are required to ascertain findings.ImpactBy highlighting the potential of web‐based psychosocial interventions in reducing anxiety and depression among CRC survivors, this review has put forth beneficial information supporting the use and acceptance of web‐based care delivery in light of COVID‐19 restrictions and nationwide lockdowns. Meanwhile, the paucity of empirical support reflects the necessity of more extensive research to test and improve other health outcomes.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021261396
Surviving in the fish gut: Comparative inhibitory capacities against the host proteinases in cestodes of the genus Proteocephalus
Authors: Izvekova Galina I. , Frolova Tatyana V. , Izvekov Evgeny I. , Zhokhov Alexander E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, little is known about inhibitory substances enabling tapeworms to settle in fish intestines thereby avoiding proteolysis. Contrary to previous studies with certain host–parasite pairs, this research compares the inhibitory capacities in three tapeworm species of the same genus Proteocephalus from four different fishes (P. torulosus from dace and zope, P. sagittus from stone loach and P. cernuae from ruffe). The tapeworm extracts studied significantly reduced the activity of commercial trypsin (although to a lesser degree than the synthetic inhibitor of serine proteinases PMSF), displaying clear inter‐specific variation in worms’ inhibitory ability. We also measured the proteolytic activity of the host intestinal mucosa exposed to tapeworm extracts which served as inhibitors. Based on per cent inhibition values, all tapeworm extracts significantly suppressed the mucosal proteolytic activity, with marked differences between certain host–parasite pairs. SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis of the incubation media and extracts detected in each tapeworm species 20–36 protein bands with apparent molecular weights from 10–12 to 312.5 kDa, mostly below 50 kDa. The incubation medium and extract of each parasite shared one to six bands ranging from 12 to 35 kDa, depending on its species, with only four bands common for two or more species. The band profiles suggest that in various Proteocephalus species inhibitory capacities against host proteinases can be ensured by different proteins.