bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propeller Flaps
Authors: Panse Nikhil , Karanjkar Ankur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA propeller flap is an islanded flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation around its vascular axis. The degree of rotation varies from 90 degrees to 180 degrees. It is a highly reliable local reconstructive option. These flaps are simple, single-stage, easy to harvest, and not constrained by routine length-to-width ratios. Since their introduction, the technique has continued to evolve and more applications for the use of propeller flaps are being explored. In spite of their growing use in clinical practice in recent years, many reconstructive surgeons are unaware of their versatility, unsure of their safety, and apprehensive about using propeller flaps confidently. This article aims at understanding the nomenclature, key principles, biogeometry and planning, operative technical details, applications, and complications of propeller flaps.
The Platelet Lipidome Is Altered in Patients with COVID-19 and Correlates with Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Schuurman Alex R. , Léopold Valentine , Pereverzeva Liza , Chouchane Osoul , Reijnders Tom D. Y. , Brabander Justin de , Douma Renée A. , Weeghel Michel van , Wever Eric , Schomaker Bauke V. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Wiersinga Willem Joost , Veer Cornelis van't , Poll Tom van der 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Activated platelets have been implicated in the proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While it is increasingly recognized that lipids have important structural and signaling roles in platelets, the lipidomic landscape of platelets during infection has remained unexplored.
Objective To investigate the platelet lipidome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Methods We performed untargeted lipidomics in platelets of 25 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and 23 noninfectious controls with similar age and sex characteristics, and with comparable comorbidities.
Results Twenty-five percent of the 1,650 annotated lipids were significantly different between the groups. The significantly altered part of the platelet lipidome mostly comprised lipids that were less abundant in patients with COVID-19 (20.4% down, 4.6% up, 75% unchanged). Platelets from COVID-19 patients showed decreased levels of membrane plasmalogens, and a distinct decrease of long-chain, unsaturated triacylglycerols. Conversely, platelets from patients with COVID-19 displayed class-wide higher abundances of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and its biosynthetic precursor lysophosphatidylglycerol. Levels of these classes positively correlated with ex vivo platelet reactivity—as measured by P-selectin expression after PAR1 activation—irrespective of disease state.
Conclusion Taken together, this investigation provides the first exploration of the profound impact of infection on the human platelet lipidome, and reveals associations between the lipid composition of platelets and their reactivity. These results warrant further lipidomic research in other infections and disease states involving platelet pathophysiology.
Alignment Efficiency of Nickel-Free Niobium–Titanium–Tantalum–Zirconium Compared to Nickel–Titanium Orthodontic Archwires during Initial Treatment Phase: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hussein Ahmed T. , Abouelnour Ahmed M. , Hussein Farouk A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficiency of nickel–titanium (NiTi) and nickel-free archwires during the initial leveling and alignment stage.
Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients (mean age, 17.81 ± 1.96 years) were randomly grouped to receive either single-strand or niobium–titanium–tantalum–zirconium (nickel-free Gummetal), or multistrand NiTi archwires. All the patients had moderate anterior crowding and were treated via a nonextraction approach. Three-dimensional digital models were taken at baseline (T0) and 4-week intervals for three months (T1, T2, and T3). The amount and percentage variations in Little's Irregularity Index (LII) scores during the 3-month observation period were used to estimate alignment efficiency and rate.
Statistical Analysis The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskall–Wallis tests were used to test the differences between the three archwire groups. The difference between variables within each group at different measurement intervals was assessed using paired t-test.
Results The LII scores were reduced in all the three archwire groups; however, there were insignificant differences in the scores between the tested archwire groups (p < 0.05). For the single-strand NiTi group, the LII scores reduced by 2.15 mm (28.38%) after 4 weeks (T1) by 3.79 mm (47.93%) after 8 weeks (T2), and by 5.61 mm (73.98%) after 12 weeks (T3). The LII scores decreased by 1.90 mm (26.93%) after 4 weeks, 3.59 mm (50.84%) after 8 weeks, and 5.28 mm (74.85%) after 12 weeks with Gummetal archwire. Similar to the other groups, the LII scores for multistrand archwire reduced by 1.82 (27.83%), 3.34 (51.07%), and 4.54 mm (69.38%) at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There was nonsignificant differences in the alignment rates (mm) and percentage (%) of changes among the groups at all measurement intervals (p > 0.05).
Conclusion All three tested archwires were equally effective for correcting moderate mandibular anterior crowding. Furthermore, all three archwires produced a comparable rate of alignment after 12 weeks of initiating orthodontic therapy.
Research-Practice-Collaborations Addressing One Health and Urban Transformation. A Case Study
Authors: Perez Arredondo Ana Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne Health is an integrative approach at the interface of humans, animals and the environment, which can be implemented as Research-Practice-Collaboration (RPC) for its interdisciplinarity and intersectoral focus on the co-production of knowledge. To exemplify this, the present commentary shows the example of the Forschungskolleg “One Health and Urban Transformation” funded by the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State Government of Nord Rhine Westphalia in Germany. After analysis, the factors identified for a better implementation of RPC for One Health were the ones that allowed for constant communication and the reduction of power asymmetries between practitioners and academics in the co-production of knowledge. In this light, the training of a new generation of scientists at the boundaries of different disciplines that have mediation skills between academia and practice is an important contribution with great implications for societal change that can aid the further development of RPC.
Spectroscopic depth profilometry of organic thin films upon inductively coupled plasma etching
Authors: Xing Yifan , Qiao Nan , Yu Jinde , Zhang Meng , Dai Junpeng , Niu Tingting , Wang Yuheng , Zhu Yuanwei , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao 
Published: July 2022

During the deposition and post-treatments of organic films, phase separation along the film-depth direction is a commonly observed phenomenon. Thus, film-depth profilometry of organic thin films and the corresponding scientific instruments are attracting extensive interest. Here, we propose spectroscopic film-depth profilometry of organic thin films upon inductively coupled plasma etching. Compared with capacitively coupled plasma, which usually generates inhomogeneous filamentous discharge, damaging films underneath the etched surface, inductively coupled plasma studied in this work refers to a so-called soft plasma source generated by a well-defined homogenous glow discharge. The absorption spectra of the etched films are monitored by using a spectrometer, from which the film-depth-dependent light absorption spectra are, thus, numerically obtained with a film-depth resolution better than 1 nm. This methodology is available not only for non-conjugated molecules but also for conjugated organic semiconductors, which are usually known as unstable materials for many ionic plasma sources. Organic films for solar cells and field-effect transistors are investigated as model materials to demonstrate the applications of this depth profilometry.
Development of a resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator
Authors: Diao Weidong , Pan Qiaosheng , Li Yinghao , Zhang Junjian , Feng Zhihua 
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a piezohydraulic hybrid actuator driven by a resonant vibrator based on two rhombic micro-displacement amplifiers. The resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator consists of a resonant piezoelectric vibrator, a pump body, a manifold, a return valve, and an output cylinder. The vibration mode of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated, and the working principle of the resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator is depicted. Then, the performance of the piezohydraulic hybrid actuator is experimentally investigated, and the effects of exciting frequency, exciting voltage, and bias pressure are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the hybrid actuator performs the best when the exciting frequency is near the resonant frequency; meanwhile, the higher the exciting voltage, the better the performance. Moreover, it indicates that a larger bias pressure will bring a larger reaction force to the vibrator and reduce the performance of the actuator system. The maximum blocked force and no-load velocity are 378 N and 4.8 mm/s, respectively, when the bias pressure is 1.5 MPa and the exciting voltage is 500 Vpp.
First detection and analysis of an electronic spectrum of vanadium hydride: The D5Π–X5Δ (0,0) band
Authors: Varberg Thomas D. 
Published: July 2022

The D5Π–X5Δ (0,0) band of vanadium hydride at 654 nm has been recorded by laser excitation spectroscopy and represents the first analyzed spectrum of VH in the gas phase. The molecules were generated using a hollow cathode discharge source, with laser-induced fluorescence detected via the D5Π–A5Π (0,0) transition. All five main (ΔΩ = ΔΛ) subbands were observed as well as several satellite ones, which together create a rather complex and overlapped spectrum covering the region 15 180–15 500 cm−1. The D5Π state displays the effects of three strong local perturbations, which are likely caused by interactions with high vibrational levels of the B5Σ− and c3Σ− states, identified in a previous multiconfigurational self-consistent field study by Koseki et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 4707 (2004)]. Molecular constants describing the X5Δ, A5Π, and D5Π states were determined in three separate least-squares fits using effective Hamiltonians written in a Hund’s case (a) basis. The fine structure of the ground state is found to be consistent with its assignment as a σπ2δ, 5Δ electronic state. The fitted values of its first-order spin–orbit and rotational constants in the ground state are A=36.537815cm−1 and B = 5.7579(13) cm−1, the latter of which yields a bond length of R0=1.72122 Å. This experimental value is in good agreement with previous computational studies of the molecule and fits well within the overall trend of decreasing bond length across the series of 3d transition metal monohydrides.
Taking the Long view
Authors: Gass Susan M. , Plonsky Luke , Huntley Lizz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
By any definition, Michael Long was a giant in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). He was one of the very few who could truly wed language learning and language teaching which he did in a seamless fashion. His impact is far-reaching and envelops a number of different areas as we will show in this chapter. He was remarkable in his encyclopedic knowledge of the field (and beyond), including access to what had come before and what was current. It was common to hear him say “As so and so showed in 2003…” with his listeners often thinking “How did he remember that?” The first author of this paper was always in awe of his numerous contributions to the fields of language learning and language teaching and his ability to see the big picture. We started our careers at about the same time (Gass received her PhD in 1979 and Mike received his in 1980) and our interests in those early years paralleled each other’s. His work influenced the work of Gass and one would hope that there was bidirectionality in this influence. Our paths crossed personally and professionally and so his death is both a personal loss as well as a tremendous loss to the field (see Ortega’s, 2021 tribute). In this paper we will have the easy task of demonstrating his impact. We include an objective consideration of his areas of influence as well as an analysis of citations of Mike’s work. Finally, we discuss how his research areas have been an influential force in the development of the field of SLA.
Age of acquisition in second language thinking*
Authors: Bylund Emanuel , Athanasopoulos Panos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Debates around age effects in L2 learning have mostly centred around the domains of phonology, morphosyntax, and lexis. In this chapter, we expand the scope to conceptual and cognitive restructuring, much in line with Long’s (1990, 2013) discussion of the limits of age effects. Drawing on an extensive review of the extant literature, the current chapter examines the role that age of L2 acquisition plays for phenomena of thinking-for-speaking and linguistic relativity. The chapter closes with methodological suggestions for future research.
Age effects in naturalistic and instructed second language acquisition
Authors: DeKeyser Robert M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For more than half a century now the idea has been that children are better language learners than adults and that therefore second language learning in school should start early. Ironically, until fairly recently, the SLA literature on age effects, which was used to advocate foreign language in the elementary school, comprised hardly a single classroom study. The more recent literature does include a number of interesting classroom studies that show that children are not necessarily better language learners in the classroom, and actually worse learners for the most part; this literature has now been used to argue against the concept of the critical period. In this article I argue that these two bodies of literature are not contradictory and that age effects cannot be fully understood without reconciling them, showing that children are better at one particular kind of learning. This has profound implications for theories of cognitive development, theories of second language learning, and second language curriculum design.
Can focus on form have an effect on language development?
Authors: Benati Alessandro G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the term/concept focus on form. We are grateful to Mike Long for providing the original definition of this construct, setting up the debate and actively stimulating more theoretical and empirical research on the role and nature of focus on form. The chapter highlights some of the shortcomings of the current research on the effects of focus on form on language development and provides suggestions for future research in this field of enquiry.
Question illocutionary force indicating devices in academic writing
Authors: Curry Niall 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Corpus research on questions as reader engagement markers in academic writing typically focuses on direct questions. Such questions are signalled by question marks and are relatively easily searchable in a corpus. However, indirect questions can be more challenging to identify, as they can be introduced by a range of forms. Based on a contrastive analysis of a corpus of English, French, and Spanish economics research articles, this paper provides pertinent evidence on direct and indirect questions as reader engagement markers. Firstly, it shows that direct and indirect questions as reader engagement markers are a rhetorical and generic feature of academic writing in the economics research article and, secondly, it presents a comprehensive list of indirect question illocutionary force indicating devices, valuable for future studies of indirect questions. Methodologically, this paper illustrates a replicable process for functional analysis and discusses the value of theoretically merging corpus and contrastive linguistic approaches.
Ischaemic preconditioning improves upper‐body endurance performance without altering V̇O2 kinetics
Authors: Bellini D. , Chapman C. , Peden D. , Hoekstra S. P. , Ferguson R. A. , Leicht C. A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTPurpose: Whilst pre‐exercise ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) can improve lower‐body exercise performance, its impact on upper‐limb performance has received little attention. This study examines the influence of IPC on upper‐body exercise performance and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics. Methods: Eleven recreationally‐active males (24 ± 2 years) completed an arm‐crank graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine the power outputs at the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and V̇O2peak (40.0 ± 7.4 ml·kg−1·min−1). Four main trials were conducted, two following IPC (4 × 5‐min, 220 mmHg contralateral upper‐limb occlusion), the other two following SHAM (4 × 5‐min, 20 mmHg). The first two trials consisted of a 15‐minute constant work rate and the last two time‐to‐exhaustion (TTE) arm‐crank tests at the power equivalents of 95% VT1 (LOW) and VT2 (HIGH), respectively. Pulmonary V̇O2 kinetics, heart rate, blood‐lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded throughout exercise. Results: TTE during HIGH was longer following IPC than SHAM (459 ± 115 vs 395 ± 102 s, p = .004). Mean response time and change in V̇O2 between 2‐min and end exercise (ΔV̇O2) were not different between IPC and SHAM for arm‐cranking at both LOW (80.3 ± 19.0 vs 90.3 ± 23.5 s [p = .06], 457 ± 184 vs 443 ± 245 ml [p = .83]) and HIGH (96.6 ± 31.2 vs 92.1 ± 24.4 s [p = .65], 617 ± 321 vs 649 ± 230 ml [p = .74]). Heart rate, blood‐lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between conditions (all p ≥. 05). Conclusion: TTE was longer following IPC during upper‐body exercise despite unchanged V̇O2 kinetics.
Minimal length phenomenology and the black body radiation
Authors: Bosso Pasquale , López Vega Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) modifies the uncertainty relation between momentum and position giving room for a minimal length, as predicted by candidates theories of quantum gravity. Inspired by GUP, Planck’s distribution is derived by considering a new quantization of the electromagnetic field. We elaborate on the thermodynamics of the black body radiation obtaining Wien’s law and the Stefan–Boltzmann law. We show that such thermodynamics laws are modified at Planck-scale.
Crosstalk analysis and optimization in a compact microwave-microfluidic device towards simultaneous sensing and heating of individual droplets
Authors: Cui Weijia , Abbasi Zahra , Ren Carolyn L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Non-invasive contactless simultaneous sensing and heating of individual droplets would allow droplet microfluidics to empower a wide range of applications. However, it is challenging to realize simultaneous sensing and heating of individual droplets as the resonance frequency of the droplet fluid, which is decided by its permittivity, must be known so that energy is only supplied at this frequency for droplet heating with one resonator. To tailor the energy transfer in real-life heating applications, the droplet has to be sensed first to identify its corresponding resonance frequency, which is used to dynamically tune the frequency for supplying the required energy for heating this particular droplet. To achieve this goal, two resonators are needed, with one for sensing and one for heating. Integrating multiple resonators into one typical microfluidic device limits placement of the resonators to be as close as possible, which would raise the concern of crosstalk between them. The crosstalk would result in inaccurate sensing and heating. This study focuses on numerically and experimentally investigating the effect of influencing parameters on the crosstalk between two adjacent resonators with the ultimate goal of providing guidance for multiplexing the resonators in a typical microfluidic device. ANSYS HFSS is used to perform the electromagnetic analysis based on the finite element method. Experimental studies are conducted on a microfluidic chip integrated with two resonators to validate the numerical results. An optimal distance between two resonators is suggested, with the recommendation for the resonator size and heating power towards simultaneous sensing and heating of individual droplets.
A comprehensive study of the radiative properties of NO—a first step toward a complete air opacity
Authors: Zammit Mark C , Leiding Jeffery A , Colgan James , Even Wesley , Fontes Christopher J , Timmermans Eddy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper we propose a methodology to calculate the radiative properties of the diatomic molecular constituents of air, and utilize the present approach to model the radiative properties of nitrogen monoxide, NO. We also investigate the important physics involved in calculating accurate radiative quantities for air, such as the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities, and emission and absorption coefficients, as well as the couplings accounted for in rovibrational calculations. Complete active space self-consistent field multi-reference configuration interaction (CAS-MRCI) calculations were performed in order to model the NO X
2Π, a
4Π, b
4Σ−, 12Σ+, 22Σ+, 32Σ+, G
2Σ−, B′2Δ, (C, B) 22Π, (H′, L) 32Π, and 12Φ adiabatic states, and calculate the respective molecular data. The γ X
2Π − A
2Σ+, ɛ X
2Π − D
2Σ+, β′ X
2Π − B′2Δ, ‘11 000 Å’ A
2Σ+ − D
2Σ+, ‘infrared’ X
2Π − X
2Π and X
2Π − (C, B) 22Π (δ and β) band systems are investigated in monochromatic spectra calculations, as well as the Ogawa a
4Π − b
4Σ− band and several other band systems. Several conclusions are drawn, such as the importance of including the Ogawa band, which has not been included in previous air radiative models or comprehensive line-list calculations, as well as the importance of performing coupled rovibrational line-list calculations in order to accurately calculate the Rosseland means. We also found that the additional band systems modeled here contribute significantly to the total Planck and Rosseland means.
A comparative study of the ZnO Fibers-based photodetectors on n-Si and p-Si
Authors: Yildirim Fatma , Orhan Zeynep , Khalili Saba , Chenari Hossein Mahmoudi , Aydoğan Ş 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ZnO fibers (Fs)/p-Si (labeled D1) and ZnO Fs/n-Si (labeled D2) photodetector heterojunctions were fabricated and both devices gave a clear rectifying I–V characteristic with a high rectifying ratio, in the dark. At zero bias, D1 showed self-driven characteristics, while D2 had not and D1 was found to be more stable than D2 in time-dependent measurements. Optoelectronics results revealed that D1 had high sensitivity to both visible and excellent stability after 20 days. At zero bias, the ON/OFF ratio of the D1 photodetector was as high as 33 650 and in the dark, a rectification ratio of 67 400 within ±2 V was obtained for the D1 device. The maximum responsivities of the devices was ∼0.8 mA W−1, and their detectivity was ∼109 Jones. Furthermore, the ZnO Fs/p-Si (labeled D3) and ZnO Fs/n-Si (labeled D3) photodetectors yielded excellent response to 365 nm and 395 nm UV light (10 mW cm−2). Responsivity, detectivity (D), and external quantum efficiency values reached as high as 5.28 A W−1, 1.02 × 1013 Jones, and %16.6, respectively under 365 nm UV light. The excellent responses of the photodetectors to visible and UV light were attributed to the oxygen vacancies in ZnO and the formation of electron–hole pairs by the light effect and their separation by the electric field in the device formed between ZnO and Si.