bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globally‐distributed microbial eukaryotes exhibit endemism at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Hu Sarah K. , Smith Amy R. , Anderson Rika E. , Sylva Sean P. , Setzer Michaela , Steadmon Maria , Frank Kiana L. , Chan Eric W. , Lim Darlene S. S. , German Christopher R. , Breier John A. , Lang Susan Q. , Butterfield David A. , Fortunato Caroline S. , Seewald Jeffrey S. , Huber Julie A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐celled microbial eukaryotes inhabit deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments and play critical ecological roles in the vent‐associated microbial food web. 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing of diffuse venting fluids from four geographically‐ and geochemically‐distinct hydrothermal vent fields was applied to investigate community diversity patterns among protistan assemblages. The four vent fields include Axial Seamount at the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Sea Cliff and Apollo at the Gorda Ridge, all in the NE Pacific Ocean, and Piccard and Von Damm at the Mid‐Cayman Rise in the Caribbean Sea. We describe species diversity patterns with respect to hydrothermal vent field and sample type, identify putative vent endemic microbial eukaryotes, and test how vent fluid geochemistry may influence microbial community diversity. At a semi‐global scale, microbial eukaryotic communities at deep‐sea vents were composed of similar proportions of dinoflagellates, ciliates, Rhizaria, and stramenopiles. Individual vent fields supported distinct and highly diverse assemblages of protists that included potentially endemic or novel vent‐associated strains. These findings represent a census of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent protistan communities. Protistan diversity, which is shaped by the hydrothermal vent environment at a local scale, ultimately influences the vent‐associated microbial food web and the broader deep‐sea carbon cycle.
Cooking at home to retain nutritional quality and minimise nutrient losses: A focus on vegetables, potatoes and pulses
Authors: Coe Sarah , Spiro Ayela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCooking at home has experienced a decline in many countries since the mid‐20th century. As rates of obesity have increased, there has been an emphasis on more frequent home cooking, including its incorporation into several food‐based dietary guidelines around the world as a strategy to improve dietary quality. With the recent trend towards the adoption of diets richer in plant‐based foods, many consumers cooking at home may now be cooking plant foods such as vegetables, potatoes and pulses more often. It is, therefore, timely to explore the impact that different home cooking methods have on the range of nutrients (e.g. vitamin C and folate) and bioactive phytochemicals (e.g. carotenoids and polyphenols) that such plant foods provide, and this paper will explore this and whether advice can be tailored to minimise such losses. The impact of cooking on nutritional quality can be both desirable and/or undesirable and can vary according to the cooking method and the nutrient or phytochemical of interest. Cooking methods that expose plant foods to high temperatures and/or water for long periods of time (e.g. boiling) may be the most detrimental to nutrient content, whereas other cooking methods such as steaming or microwaving may help to retain nutrients, particularly those that are water‐soluble. Dishes that use cooking liquids may retain nutrients that would have been lost through leaching. It may be helpful to provide the public with more information about better methods to prepare and cook plant foods to minimise any nutrient losses. However, for some nutrients/phytochemicals the insufficient and inconsistent research findings make clear messages around the optimal cooking method difficult, and factors such as bioaccessibility rather than just quantity may also be important to consider.
Effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions on occlusal planes: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Yufan , Xiong Xin , Yang Wenke , Wu Yange , Liu Jiaqi , Ye Chengxinyue , Zhang Qinlanhui , Han Sophie Lau Rui , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo figure out whether premolar extractions treatment would influence the cant of the occlusal planes and thus affect dentoskeletal patterns in patients with different types of malocclusions.Materials and MethodsA total of 140 post‐orthodontic treatment subjects (96 females, 44 males) were included in this study, and their lateral cephalograms and demographic information were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into extraction and non‐extraction groups. The ANB, SNA, SNB, Wits, Facial Height Index (FHI), SN‐MP, SN‐AOP, SN‐POP and AOP‐POP angle were measured on the cephalograms. Other possible confounding factors were recorded. Data were analysed by univariate analysis, stratified analysis, multivariate analysis, and coefficient analysis.ResultsAfter treatment, the changes in the AOP‐SN, POP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle were statistically different between the extraction and non‐extraction groups. The results were consistent in different skeletal malocclusions and extent of crowding according to stratified analysis. After adjusting all confounding factors, the cant of the posterior occlusal plane was flattened further by 2.14 degrees in the extraction group than the non‐extraction group after orthodontic treatment, and the AOP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle would further increase by 1.72 and 3.81 degrees, respectively. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups, the SNA, ANB, and Wits in the extraction group decreased more with increased counterclockwise rotation of the mandible.ConclusionCompared to the non‐extraction group, there were more increases in the AOP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle and more posterior flattening in patients with four premolar extractions despite different types of dentoskeletal malocclusion, which were correlated to the change of variables in sagittal and vertical dimensions such as Wits and FHI.
Filipinos’ COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy comments in TikTok videos: A manifest content analysis
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Franco Franchesca Mae C. , Santos Xyllyne Allyah G. , Dacol Camille B. , Dimaano Michaela , Rosario Erika S. Del , Lantin Charlotte Christianne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesVaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to world health. The ongoing pandemic highlighted this health threat. The COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy remains underreported in the Philippines. Thus, this study aimed to describe and analyze the comments of Filipinos in TikTok videos about COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy.DesignManifest content analysis.SampleA total of 25 TikTok videos and their comments (n = 4564) were analyzed.MethodsWe collected data between July 2021 and October 2021. Bengtsson's approach to content analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Data were validated using member‐checking and intercoder reliability.ResultsThis study afforded three themes of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy: (a) fear and mistrust (subthemes: influence of Dengvaxia vaccine, the influence of people who refuse to be vaccinated, lack of trust in the government, lack of trust in healthcare workers, doubts on vaccines’ effectiveness), (b) misinformation and disinformation (subthemes: misbeliefs, insufficient knowledge), and (c) adamant attitudes (subthemes: unwillingness to be vaccinated, picky on vaccine brand).ConclusionOur study established Filipinos’ diverse reasons for COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. TikTok, as a social media platform, is used for COVID‐19 vaccine discussions and the dissemination of misinformation. To prepare for the next pandemic or public health disaster, the government, HCWs, and the public must efficiently convey timely, accurate health information and dispel misinformation on social media platforms.
Implications of vaccine shopping during pandemic
Authors: Nageswaran Leela 
Published: October 2022

Many individuals have strong preferences regarding COVID‐19 vaccines and would like to choose the vaccine they get. This practice, known as “vaccine shopping,” presents unique challenges to timely vaccine rollout: On the one hand, people may not get vaccinated if they are unable to receive their preferred vaccine, and on the other hand, a policy maker is inclined to distribute vaccines in a brand agnostic fashion to avoid wastage. We study whether a policy maker should allow individuals to choose their vaccine, and the optimal mix of single‐ and two‐dose vaccines to procure. We develop a stylized queueing game‐theoretic model that captures the main trade‐offs in the interaction between individuals and a policy maker to examine the impact of vaccine choice on the number of vaccinations. Individuals obtain a reward from the vaccine administered at a server and decide whether to get a vaccine based on the wait time, their inclination toward vaccinating, and the level of choice provided. We find that restricting choice results in a greater number of vaccinations when vaccine supply is low by administering doses as and when they become available. Contrary to popular belief that restricting choice wastes fewer vaccines, we find that fewer vaccines are wasted when patients who are moderately hesitant about vaccinating are allowed to choose their vaccine. In this case the possibility of being assigned a nonpreferred vaccine leads patients to forego vaccination, and allowing a choice alleviates this concern. Using a mathematical model for COVID‐19 transmission, we find that providing choice results in fewer infections in the United States than limiting choice, and the number of infections is lowest when a lower efficacy, single‐dose vaccine forms 5%–8% of the total vaccine dose supply. Our findings provide guidance to policy makers, especially as they plan to vaccinate effectively using a diverse vaccine supply.
Value of adding ultrathin bronchoscopy to thin bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Himeji Daisuke , Imabayashi Tatsuya , Nishii Yoichi , Ando Masahiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe diagnostic yield of thin bronchoscopy with radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) of peripheral pulmonary lesions into which the rEBUS probe cannot be inserted is unsatisfactory. In such cases, adding ultrathin bronchoscopy may be an option. We evaluated the efficacy of sequential ultrathin bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions into which the rEBUS probe could not be inserted during thin bronchoscopy.MethodsIn this multicentre prospective study, patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions ≤30 mm in diameter underwent rEBUS‐guided transbronchial biopsy using a 4.0 mm diameter thin bronchoscope. In patients with lesions into which a rEBUS probe could not be inserted using that bronchoscope, bronchoscopy using a 3.0 mm diameter ultrathin bronchoscope was performed.ResultsA total of 342 patients were enrolled and 340 were analysed. Among them, 87 patients with lesions of a median longest diameter of 17.5 mm underwent thin bronchoscopy followed by ultrathin bronchoscopy. Of the 87 patients, the rEBUS probe was successfully inserted into the lesions via the ultrathin bronchoscope in 50 patients (57.5%). Of the 87 patients, the diagnostic yields of thin bronchoscopy and ultrathin bronchoscopy were 12.6% (11 of 87) and 41.4% (36 of 87), respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionUltrathin bronchoscopy affords a higher diagnostic yield for lesions into which a rEBUS probe cannot be inserted via a thin bronchoscope.
Partner country selection between development narratives and self‐interests: A new method for analysing complex donor approaches
Authors: Baydag R. Melis , Klingebiel Stephan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPartner country (PC) selection lies in the centre of development policy decision‐making of donor countries and institutions, and plays a significant role in shaping aid patterns. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis contrasting donor intentions in PC selection with actual aid flows. Having analysed selected members of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, namely, the European Union, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, we suggest that (1) donors might not only be either altruistic or self‐interested but also motivated by an intention to contribute to the provision of global public goods; (2) self‐interest in aid provision can be an explicitly‐stated strategy, contrary to what has been argued in the majority of the literature, which often treats self‐interest as a non‐stated donor intention; and (3) donors' self‐interested intentions do not always lead to a less development‐oriented donor approach.
FDI and unemployment, a growth perspective
Authors: Stepanok Ignat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNorth–South foreign direct investment (FDI) is frequently viewed as a process in which jobs relocate from the North to the South. I build a growth model with two asymmetric trading economies, the North where firms innovate and the South where Northern firms invest to take advantage of lower wages. Contrary to expectation, I find that lower FDI costs increase unemployment both in the North and in the South. There are two effects of FDI on unemployment, a direct positive one which contributes to the turnover of firms parallel to innovation. The indirect effect appears through innovation and growth: more FDI means higher innovation, this intensifies firm turnover and increases the unemployment rates in both countries even further. I solve the model analytically without trade costs and imitation of products in the South. For the version with trade costs and imitation I offer a numerical solution in which I also look at the effect of FDI on welfare and find a positive relation. In addition to FDI, I explore how intellectual property (IP) rights protection affects unemployment and welfare. Both are higher in a steady state with stricter IP protection.
Chromatin accessibility analysis reveals distinct functions for HDAC and EZH2 activities in early appendage regeneration
Authors: Arbach Hannah E. , Harland‐Dunaway Marcus , Braden Christopher , Chitsazan Alexander D. , Pickering Eleanor , Patel Jeet H. , Wills Andrea E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractXenopus tropicalis tadpoles have the capacity for scarless regeneration of appendages including the limb and tail. Following injury, transcriptional programs must be activated and inactivated with high spatial and temporal resolution to result in a properly patterned appendage. Functional studies have established that histone‐modifying enzymes that act to close chromatin are required for regeneration, but the genomic regions sensitive to these activities are not fully established. Here we show that early inhibition of HDAC or EZH2 activity results in incomplete tail regeneration. To identify how each of these perturbations impacts chromatin accessibility, we applied an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin (ATAC‐seq) to HDAC or EZH2‐inhibited regenerating tadpoles. We find that neither perturbation results in a global increase in chromatin accessibility, but that both inhibitors have targeted effects on chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Upon HDAC inhibition, regulatory regions neighbouring genes associated with neuronal regeneration are preferentially accessible, whereas regions associated with immune response and apoptosis are preferentially accessible following EZH2 inhibition. Together, these results suggest distinct roles for these two chromatin‐closing activities in appendage regeneration.
The Influence of The Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) on Human Development
Authors: Abdul Rahim Zaeni , Syofyan Syofriza , Esya Lavlimatria 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Jakarta Province. The measuring instruments used in this study are the five basic elements of Maqasid Syariah, namely: Hifdzud Dien, Hifdzun Nafs, Hifdzul 'Aql, Hifdzun Nashl and Hifdzul Maal. The five elements are then measured by observational and reflective indicators describing maqasid sharia. The research method used is the panel data regression method. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, and the National Amil Zakat Agency in 2010-2019. The results showed that IHDI had a significant effect on HDI in Jakarta Province in 2010-2019. The most significant influence is on the al-Aql element represented by the Mean Years School (MYS) and the portion of the education budget (EDUCATION), this happens because the al-Aql variable can determine the quality of human resources. The ad-Dien element has a significant effect on HDI on the Hajj (HAJJ) variable and crime rate (CRIME). The an-Nafs element has a significant effect on HDI on the variable life expectancy rate (MYS). The an-Nafs element has a significant effect on HDI on the population variable, while the al-Maal element has a significant effect on HDI on the PDRB variable. The recommendation of this study is to encourage the government to create human development in the perspective of IHDI. Especially realizing the quality of education and education budget for its residents, in addition to encouraging its citizens to obey religious values such as performing zakat, performing hajj, not acting criminally that has a significant effect on human development in Jakarta province.
Proverbs and Gender: The Interface between Proverbs and Human Relations in a Refugee Camp
Authors: Kuttikat Miriam 
Published: October 2022

The primary objective of this presentation is to understand how proverbs reflect society's perception of gender in a particular socio-cultural context. This qualitative study recognizes the direct experiences and insights of the 35 participants on gender relations. The proverbs provided by the participants led us to an in-depth analysis of the attitude of men toward women and their assumption of women’s role in a patriarchal society which could influence the gender relationship among Sri Lankan Tamils inside Indian refugee camps. A conceptual framework was developed to aid understanding of the research findings and illustrate the interrelationship between (a) refugee camps, (b) socio-cultural context, (c) patriarchal, and (d) collective identity. This framework provides an opportunity to position proverbs in a unique context. This study identified that the proverbs validate cultural expressions, justify rituals and gender practices, impose social pressure and social control on women, and reinforce society’s moral principles and values.
The time is now: regular exercise maintains vascular health in ageing women
Authors: Tamariz‐Ellemann Andrea , Wickham Kate Aiko , Nørregaard Line Boel , Gliemann Lasse , Hellsten Ylva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough ageing impairs cardiovascular health in both men and women, the timeline is different between the sexes. This is at least partially attributed to the loss of oestrogen in women at midlife, in connection with menopause. Oestrogen has protective effects on the cardiovascular system, and menopause consequently leads to a rapid and significant decline in cardiovascular health. Notably, oestrogen interacts with its nuclear and membrane receptors leading to changes in proteins of importance for cardiovascular health. Skeletal muscle activity, which affects the expression of many of the same proteins as oestrogen, could potentially counteract the loss of oestrogen at menopause. The hypothesis that exercise can counteract the loss of oestrogen has been explored in several recent studies. It has been found that regular physical activity opposes the detrimental effects not only of ageing, but also of the menopausal transition, on cardiovascular health. Although, vascular benefits can be gained at all ages, initiating physical activity at or soon after menopause may be more effective than at a later time point in life. Intuitively, it is easier to prevent decrements than attempting to regain lost vascular health. This idea is supported by evidence at the molecular level, suggesting that exercise‐induced activation of the oestrogen‐related receptor‐α pathway is more effective soon after menopause compared to later. Together, although a decline in cardiovascular health due to chronological ageing cannot be completely prevented, a physically active lifestyle mitigates age‐related cardiovascular impairments. Importantly, regular physical activity through life should always be addressed as the biological norm.
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Design Optimization, Thermohydraulic, and Enviro-Economic Analysis of Twisted Perforated Tape Insert-Based Heat Exchanger With Nanofluid Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Taguchi Grey Method
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of perforated twisted tape insert (PTTI)-based heat exchanger (HX) utilizing nanofluid as working fluid undercooling, turbulent flow model has been investigated numerically. Parameters, i.e., nanofluid mass flow rates (0.018–0.038 kg/s), perforated pitches (20 mm–40 mm), and perforated diameters (2 mm–4 mm) variation effects on fluid outlet temperature, Nusselt ratio, Friction ratio, pressure drop, overall thermal performance, CO2 discharge, and heat exchanger operating cost (HXOC) have been investigated. This work also focuses on design optimization with three different factors and three levels for higher heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and minimum pressure drop based on the Taguchi–Grey method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) output is used as an input value for statistical analysis. Results revealed that the PTTI in HX successfully achieved overall heat transfer enhancement in the range of 19.2% to 28.5%, but at the cost of pressure penalty of 126% to 163% higher than the plain tube. Critical Reynolds number 7927, above which PTTI in HX is least suitable for heat transfer enhancement as fluid velocity dominates over heat transfer and 1.7–2.5 times higher carbon discharge to the environment and HXOC. Preference sets of geometrical and fluid parameters are obtained using Grey analysis. Based on statistical analysis, in the considered levels, a group of parameters to attain higher HTC and minimum pressure drop are mass flow rate of 0.018 kg/s, a perforated pitch of 20 mm, and a perforated diameter of 4 mm.
Extensible Continuum Manipulator Toward In-situ Explosive Ordnance Disposal
Authors: Wang Pengyuan , Deng Binchen , He Zongbo , Liu Yuqiang , Xing Zhiguang , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Homemade bombs made by terrorists threaten seriously the social public security. Now, it is still a challenge to guarantee safety without destroying bombs. Compared with the destructive explosive disposal approach employing rigid robots, we proposed an in-situ explosive disposal method, which takes advantage of an extensible continuum manipulator to pass through obstacles and cut wires by end-effector. The spring-based continuum manipulator has six-degrees-of-freedom and is 400 mm in length but only 15 mm in diameter. Also, we have created only a 15 g end-effector that can cut 1-mm-diameter copper wire and embed a miniature camera. According to the experiment, a single continuum manipulator has around 2 mm repeatability accuracy and can carry a 50 g weight. Without special training, the operator can control the integrated explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) robot to complete a simulation mission in approximately five minutes. This paper broadens the application of the continuum manipulator and gives a unique solution for EOD robots.