bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences Elicited and Respected for Seriously Ill Veterans through Enhanced Decision-Making (PERSIVED): a protocol for an implementation study in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Ersek Mary , Sales Anne , Keddem Shimrit , Ayele Roman , Haverhals Leah M. , Magid Kate H. , Kononowech Jennifer , Murray Andrew , Carpenter Joan G. , Foglia Mary Beth , Potter Lucinda , McKenzie Jennifer , Davis Darlene , Levy Cari 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Empirical evidence supports the use of structured goals of care conversations and documentation of life-sustaining treatment (LST) preferences in durable, accessible, and actionable orders to improve the care for people living with serious illness. As the largest integrated healthcare system in the USA, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) provides an excellent environment to test implementation strategies that promote this evidence-based practice. The Preferences Elicited and Respected for Seriously Ill Veterans through Enhanced Decision-Making (PERSIVED) program seeks to improve care outcomes for seriously ill Veterans by supporting efforts to conduct goals of care conversations, systematically document LST preferences, and ensure timely and accurate communication about preferences across VA and non-VA settings.

Methods
PERSIVED encompasses two separate but related implementation projects that support the same evidence-based practice. Project 1 will enroll 12 VA Home Based Primary Care (HBPC) programs and Project 2 will enroll six VA Community Nursing Home (CNH) programs. Both projects begin with a pre-implementation phase during which data from diverse stakeholders are gathered to identify barriers and facilitators to adoption of the LST evidence-based practice. This baseline assessment is used to tailor quality improvement activities using audit with feedback and implementation facilitation during the implementation phase. Site champions serve as the lynchpin between the PERSIVED project team and site personnel. PERSIVED teams support site champions through monthly coaching sessions. At the end of implementation, baseline site process maps are updated to reflect new steps and procedures to ensure timely conversations and documentation of treatment preferences. During the sustainability phase, intense engagement with champions ends, at which point champions work independently to maintain and improve processes and outcomes. Ongoing process evaluation, guided by the RE-AIM framework, is used to monitor Reach, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance outcomes. Effectiveness will be assessed using several endorsed clinical metrics for seriously ill populations.

Discussion
The PERSIVED program aims to prevent potentially burdensome LSTs by consistently eliciting and documenting values, goals, and treatment preferences of seriously ill Veterans. Working with clinical operational partners, we will apply our findings to HBPC and CNH programs throughout the national VA healthcare system during a future scale-out period.
Changes in Treatment Satisfaction Over 3 Years in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Initiating Second-line Treatment
Authors: Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kawashima Masaru , Wada Fumitaka , Akiyama Hiroki , Morita Naru , Kidani Yoko , Yajima Toshitaka , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
J-DISCOVER is a prospective observational cohort study aiming to understand the current management of patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan, enrolling patients initiating second-line treatment.

Objective
The current analysis examined the change in treatment satisfaction during the study period and factors affecting this change among patients in J-DISCOVER.

Methods
We used data from the J-DISCOVER study, in which 1798 patients with T2DM aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from 142 sites across Japan. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ).

Results
The mean DTSQ treatment satisfaction score increased from 25.9 points at baseline to 27.3 points at 6 months, which was maintained through 36 months. Among the baseline characteristics examined, higher baseline DTSQ treatment satisfaction scores (P &lt; 0.0001), older age (≥ 75 vs &lt; 65 years, P = 0.0096), living alone (P = 0.0356), and type of facility (clinics vs hospitals, P = 0.0044) had a significantly negative impact on the changes in DTSQ treatment satisfaction scores. Improvement in mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline (7.7%) to 36 months (7.1%) was associated with positive changes in the DTSQ treatment satisfaction score (P = 0.0003).

Conclusion
Changes in DTSQ treatment satisfaction scores were related to HbA1c improvement, suggesting that the management strategy was appropriately planned for each patient. The results also suggest that the availability of social support for patients with T2DM who are elderly or living alone may be an important factor affecting treatment satisfaction, adherence, and clinical outcomes.
Starships and Slave Ships
Authors: Moore Jonathan Jacob 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Evidence suggests that the UFO/alien abduction phenomenon is exclusively experienced by white people in the United States. But while scholars have probed abductee narratives to surface political and symbolic anxieties for decades, none have thought of the phenomenon’s whiteness alongside the archival absence of Black abductees. Using abductee accounts, interdisciplinary studies of the UFO abduction phenomena, and critiques of Black subjectivity, this article attends to the ontological anxieties that permeate UFO abduction narratives and their choreographic resonance with the psychosomatics of Black life. This article begins by examining the exceptional narrative of Barney Hill, America’s first and thus far only popular Black abductee. Then it brings into focus UFOlogy’s aporetic negation of racial subjectivity and suggests that the UFO abduction phenomenon is, a posteriori, inaccessible to the Black nonsubject. Finally, it returns to Hill’s experience and offers speculative implications of a libidinal relationship between the starship’s technics and the slave ship’s terror.
The appressorium at a glance
Authors: Ryder Lauren S. , Cruz-Mireles Neftaly , Molinari Camilla , Eisermann Iris , Eseola Alice B. , Talbot Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Many plant pathogenic fungi have the capacity to infect their plant hosts using specialised cells called appressoria. These structures act as a gateway between the fungus and host, allowing entry to internal tissues. Appressoria apply enormous physical force to rupture the plant surface, or use a battery of enzymes to digest the cuticle and plant cell wall. Appressoria also facilitate focal secretion of effectors at the point of plant infection to suppress plant immunity. These infection cells develop in response to the physical characteristics of the leaf surface, starvation stress and signals from the plant. Appressorium morphogenesis has been linked to septin-mediated reorganisation of F-actin and microtubule networks of the cytoskeleton, and remodelling of the fungal cell wall. In this Cell Science at a Glance and accompanying poster, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of appressorium-mediated infection, and compare development on the leaf surface to the biology of invasive growth by pathogenic fungi. Finally, we outline key gaps in our current knowledge of appressorium cell biology.
Thermal ablation of the most challenging cases of liver metastases
Authors: de Baere Thierry , Kobe Adrain , Tselikas Lambros , Dioguardi Marco , Varin Eloi , Deschamps Frederic 
Published: July 2022

Patient selection for image-guided thermal ablation of liver metastases has to be taken in a multidisciplinary tumor board given the extreme complexity of cancer metastatic disease, and the numerous treatment options offered to oligometastatic patient today.
The role of image-guided thermal ablation increases over years in the treatment of liver metastases. In order to fulfill the expected outcomes which are to have a local control rate equivalent to surgery, interventional oncologist have to take every measure that will help when treating most challenging metastases including image guidance, anesthesia, respiration monitoring, ablation technique, confirmation software that can favor positive outcomes, and in some way to render challenging metastases easy to treat.
Wróżki i zacofanie irlandzkich chłopów w świetle wybranych dziewiętnastowiecznych dzienników z podróży
Authors: Hamera Paweł 
Published: July 2022

THE ROLE OF FAIRIES IN THE LIVES OF IRISH PEASANTS AND THEIR DEPICTION IN SELECTED NINETEENTH-CENTURY TRAVELOGUES
Life in the nineteenth-century Irish countryside was not easy. Irish peasants lived in abject poverty and struggled to make ends meet. They consumed almost only potatoes and famines occurred regularly. Peasants often blamed their hardships on fairies, whose various races were supposed to inhabit Ireland. Tales about fairies were very popular among travelers who visited Ireland in the nineteenth century and subsequently published books about their travels there. They often highlighted the role of magic in daily activities of the Irish. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of fairies in the lives of Irish peasants and argue that by underlining the attachment of the Irish to magical creatures, travelers underscored the backwardness of Irish peasants and propagated negative stereotypes about the inhabitants of the Emerald Isle.
Regulation with Experimentation: Ex Ante Approval, Ex Post Withdrawal, and Liability
Authors: Henry Emeric , Loseto Marco , Ottaviani Marco 
Published: July 2022

We analyze the optimal mix of ex ante experimentation and ex post learning for the dynamic adoption of activities with uncertain payoffs in a two-phase model of information diffusion. In a first preintroduction phase, costly experimentation is undertaken to decide whether to adopt an activity or abandon experimentation. In a second stage following adoption, learning can continue possibly at a different pace while the activity remains in place; the withdrawal option is exercised following the accumulation of sufficiently bad news. We compare from a law and economics perspective the performance of three regulatory frameworks commonly adopted to govern private experimentation and adoption incentives: liability, withdrawal, and authorization regulation. Liability should be preempted to avoid chilling of activities that generate large positive externalities consistent with the preemption doctrine. Liability should be used to discourage excessive experimentation for activities that generate small positive externalities. Authorization regulation should be lenient whenever it is used consistent with the organization of regulation in a number of areas, ranging from product safety to antitrust. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Nurses’ knowledge and experiences of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at a tertiary paediatric health centre
Authors: Karaoğlan Nalan , Çatikoğlu Aslı , Yıldırım Sarı Hatice , Devrim İlker 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine paediatric nurses’ knowledge and experiences of PIVC insertion. Method: In this cross-sectional study, nurses working in a paediatric hospital in Izmir, Türkiye, between May and September 2019 were included (225; 67.4%). A PIVC knowledge and experience form, and a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire were used to collect data. Results: Nurses most often inserted the PIVC on the dorsum of the hand (83.1%). Their choice of vein was influenced by the condition of the patient's veins (91.1%), medications (72%) and the patient's activity status (70.2%). The most preferred PIVC size was 24 gauge (98.2%), and the most frequently used cannula was a short peripheral cannula (96.9%). To clean the insertion site of the cannula, 93.8% of the nurses used 70% alcohol. Distractions used while inserting the PIVC were: letting the child play with a toy (51.1%), having the child sit on the mother's lap (45.8%), letting the child watch cartoons (45.3%), and administering oral sucrose (43.6%). Of the nurses, 69.3% attached a split septum/vein valve to the PIVC insertion site, and 82.2% cleaned the split septum/vein valve with 70% alcohol and waited until it dried before administering the medication. Some 79.6% secured the cannula with a hypoallergenic nonwoven adhesive fixation tape bandage. Some 94.7% performed catheter flushing for control after inserting PIVCs, 93.8% performed catheter flushing before IV fluid treatment, 89.8% flushed the catheter before drug administration through the bolus method, 53.3% flushed the PIVC catheter with a slow technique and 42.2% flushed it with an intermittent technique. Conclusion: The nurses generally acted in accordance with Infusion Nurses Society (2016) guidance. It would be helpful if the hospital developed algorithms that include standards to prevent and manage PIVC insertions and complications.
Seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a South Indian adult population
Authors: Munisankar Saravanan , Rajamanickam Anuradha , Balasubramanian Suganthi , Muthusamy Satishwaran , Dolla Chandra Kumar , Menon Pradeep Aravindan , Chinnayan Ponnuraja , Whalen Christopher , Gumne Paschaline , Kaur Inderdeep , Nadimpalli Varma , Deverakonda Akshay , Chen Zhenhao , David Otto John , Habitegiyorgis Tesfalidet , Kandaswamy Harish , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash 
Published: July 2022

Background
The prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection is estimated to be 30–100 million worldwide, although this an underestimate. Most cases remain undiagnosed due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. We wanted to estimate the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis infection in a South Indian adult population.

Methods
To this end, we performed community-based screening of 2351 individuals (aged 18–65) in Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu between 2013 and 2020. Serological testing for S. stercoralis was performed using the NIE ELISA.

Results
Our data shows a seroprevalence of 33% (768/2351) for S. stercoralis infection which had a higher prevalence among males 36% (386/1069) than among females 29.8% (382/1282). Adults aged ≥55 (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.25–2.18) showed higher adjusted odds of association compared with other age groups. Eosinophil levels (39%) (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.19–1.74) and hemoglobin levels (24%) (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.53) were significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. In contrast, low BMI (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.82–1.61) or the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.83–1.69) was not associated with S. stercoralis seropositivity.

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence for a very high baseline prevalence of S. stercoralis infection in South Indian communities and this information could provide realistic and concrete planning of control measures.
School and community drivers of child diets in two Arab cities: The SCALE protocol and innovative tools to assess children’s food environments
Authors: Ghattas Hala , Jamaluddine Zeina , Semaan Aline , El-Helou Nehmat , Safadi Gloria , Elghossain Tatiana , Akl Christelle , Elbassuoni Shady , Chalak Ali , El Ati Jalila ,   the SCALE Research Group
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn the context of the rapid nutrition transition experienced by middle-income countries of the Arab region, children and adolescent’s food choices and dietary behaviors are early risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases. Assessment of factors influencing food choices among this age group is challenging and is usually based on self-reported data, which are prone to information and recall bias. As the popularity of technologies and video gaming platforms increases, opportunities arise to use these tools to collect data on variables that affect food choice, dietary intake, and associated outcomes. This protocol paper describes the SCALE study (School and community drivers of child diets in Arab cities; identifying levers for intervention) which aims to explore the environments at the level of households, schools and communities in which children’s food choices are made and consequently identify barriers and enablers to healthy food choices within these environments.MethodsField studies are being conducted in primary schools, among children aged 9–12 years, in Greater Beirut, Lebanon and Greater Tunis, Tunisia. A stratified random sample of 50 primary schools (public and private) are selected and 50 children are randomly selected from grades 4-5-6 in each school. The study includes surveys with children, parents/caregivers, school directors, teachers, and nutrition/health educators to assess individual diets and the contextual factors that influence children’s food choices. Innovative locally adapted tools and methods such as game-based choice experiments, wearable cameras and neighborhood mapping are used to describe the environments in which children’s food choices are made.DiscussionThe SCALE study will generate contextual knowledge on factors in school and neighborhood environments that influence child dietary behaviors and will inform multi-level interventions and policies to address childhood malnutrition (under-and over-nutrition). By integrating methods from various disciplines, including economics, data science, nutrition, and public health and by considering factors at various levels (home, school, and neighborhood), the study will identify levers for intervention with the potential to improve children’s dietary behaviors. This will help fill existing gaps in research on food systems and consequently guide positive change in Lebanon and Tunisia, with the potential for replicability in other contexts.
Knowledge and determinants of infection prevention and control compliance among nurses in Yendi municipality, Ghana
Authors: Mutaru Abdul-Manaf , Balegha Augustine Ngmenemandel , Kunsu Raymond , Gbeti Collins 
Published: July 2022

Background
Knowledge of and compliance to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines are crucial to curbing hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Globally, about 7–10% of patients suffer HAIs. However, there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and adherence to IPC guidelines. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and determinants of IPC compliance among nurses in Yendi Municipality, Northern Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study among 209 nurses of the Yendi Municipal hospital, using an adapted questionnaire. We collected and analysed data using SPSS version 26. Socio-demographics, knowledge level and compliance to IPC guidelines were assessed using descriptive statistics. The minimum scores for knowledge and compliance were 0 each with maximum scores being 10 and 8 respectively. Using binary multivariate logistic regression, the determinants of IPC compliance were analysed and odds ratios reported at 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The nurses had high mean and standard deviation scores for knowledge (7.26 ± 1.4) and compliance to IPC guidelines (5.41 ± 1.5). Females (aOR: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.17–0.64; p = 0.001) were significantly less likely to comply to IPC guidelines. Nurses working in Maternity/Labour wards (aOR: 8.31; 95%CI: 2.46–28.15; p = 0.001) and Outpatient Department (OPD)/Psychiatry (aOR: 5.00; 95%CI: 1.42–17.62; p = 0.012) were associated with higher odds of complying to IPC guidelines. Availability of IPC guidelines (aOR: 3.48; 95%CI: 1.13–10.72; p = 0.030) in a working department influenced compliance to IPC measures.

Conclusion
The study revealed high knowledge and high compliance regarding IPC among nurses in the Yendi Municipal Hospital. A person’s working department and the availability of IPC guidelines were key determinants for high compliance to IPC measures. However, knowledge of IPC did not influence compliance to IPC guidelines. The Municipal and Regional Health directorates, should therefore ensure adequate logistic flow, provision of IPC guidelines and proper supervision to ensure maximum compliance with IPC guidelines, particularly among paediatric, medical and surgical wards nurses as well as degree holding nurses.
Pregnancy outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester: A large, population-based cohort study
Authors: Fallach Noga , Segal Yaakov , Agassy Jeny , Perez Galit , Peretz Asaf , Chodick Gabriel , Gazit Sivan , Patalon Tal , Ben Tov Amir , Goldshtein Inbal 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Data regarding women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during early trimesters are scarce. We aimed to assess preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) rates in a large and unselected cohort by trimester at infection and overall.

Design
A retrospective cohort study including all women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test during a non-ectopic singleton pregnancy between February 21st 2020 and July 2nd 2021 (N = 2753). Each infected woman was matched to a non-infected pregnant woman by age, last menstruation date, sector, and socioeconomic status.

Methods
Logistic regression was conducted to assess the risks of PTB and SGA including an interaction between group and trimester of infection. Multivariable models included underlying diseases, previous abortions and null parity. Subgroup analyses were conducted on symptomatic infected women and matched non-infected women.

Results
A total of 2753 /2789 (98.7%) eligible women that were infected during pregnancy could be matched, among them, 17.4% and 48.4% were infected during the first and third trimesters, respectively. While first and second trimester infections were not associated with PTB (p>0.8), third trimester infections and in particular after 34 weeks of gestation had a greater risk of PTB with adjusted ORs of 2.76 (95% CI 1.63–4.67) and 7.10 (95% CI 2.44–20.61), respectively. PTB risk was further heightened in symptomatic third trimester infections (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 1.94–9.25). SGA risk was comparable between study groups across all trimesters of infection. Pregnancy loss incidence was similar in both groups (adjusted OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.90–1.50).

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased risk of PTB only among women infected during late pregnancy, particularly among symptomatic women.