bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Exposures over the Continental U.S.
Authors: Zhu Laiyin , Quiring Steven 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extreme tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) can cause massive stress to society by generating inland flooding events. Historical observations have shown global and regional trends in TCP and climate models predict there will be substantial increases in TCP under anthropogenic global warming. Changes in both physical risk and in human society together determine the exposure to extreme weather events. However, they are rarely studied together and more knowledge is needed to be understood how they interact and to determine exposure at the local level. Here high-quality in-situ precipitation observations and gridded population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data were used to develop a social exposure index to quantify how TCP risk changes as a function of both physical risk and socioeconomic exposure. We demonstrate that while physical TCP risk is increasing in the United States, there are regional differences in exposure due to the heterogeneity of the population and economic development. Exposure hot spots are mostly concentrated in southern states with high population density. Rapid population growth and economic development have magnified societal exposure to those extreme TCP events. This multi-scale evaluation framework identifies locations where mitigation and adaptation to climate change are important.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of regulatory mechanisms associated with uniconazole-induced dwarfism in banana
Authors: Qin Liuyan , Li Chaosheng , Guo Chenglin , Wei Liping , Tian Dandan , Li Baoshen , Wei Di , Zhou Wei , Long Shengfeng , He Zhangfei , Huang Sumei , Wei Shaolong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUniconazole is an effective plant growth regulator that can be used in banana cultivation to promote dwarfing and enhance lodging resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying banana dwarfing induced by uniconazole are unknown. In uniconazole-treated bananas, gibberellin (GA) was downregulated compared to the control groups. An integrative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes was performed on dwarf bananas induced by uniconazole and control groups. ResultsCompared with the control groups, the levels of some flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids increased, and those of most lipids, amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, and terpenoids decreased in uniconazole-treated bananas. Transcriptome analysis shows that the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the treatment and control groups were related to a series of metabolic pathways, including lignin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and peroxidase activity. Comprehensive analysis of the key pathways of co-enrichment of DEG and differential metabolites from 15 d to 25 d after uniconazole treatment shows that flavonoid biosynthesis was upregulated. ConclusionsIn addition to the decrease in GA, the increase in tannin procyanidin B1 may contribute to banana dwarfing by inhibiting the activity of GA, and the increased flow of metabolites towards flavonoid synthesis may lead to the downregulation of lignin biosynthesis, which contributes to the dwarf phenotype of bananas. This study expands our understanding of the mechanisms underlying uniconazole-induced banana dwarfing.
Efforts and Expectations of Pregnant Women Against the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Dewi Arlina , Safaria Triantoro , Supriyatiningsih Supriyatiningsih , Dewi Dyah Tri Kusuma 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global threat that directly impacts people's mental health and physical well-being. This study explores the efforts and expectations of pregnant women against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicMethods: This study was a qualitative study that used phenomenological methods and used a naturalistic approach. The informants of this study were pregnant women (n=20). Data analysis used content analysis with software (Nvivo Release 1.5). Results: The results of the study are four themes namely increasing worries for pregnant women due to lack of knowledge about the impact of COVID-19; the efforts to reduce anxiety through spiritual, positive thoughts, and the role of the family; the efforts to prevent the pandemic exposure through reducing direct social relations, changing social life online, meeting nutritional, and strict health protocols; and the expectancy of pregnant women to the impact of the pandemic is the change in the health care system in health facilities. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the lives of pregnant women in a complex manner, mainly on anxiety. The efforts and expectations of pregnant women can be a reference in developing health service innovations in health facilities, especially pregnant women, to create a sense of physical and psychological security and comfort for pregnant women from the threat of COVID-19.
A multiyear follow-on study examining safety, immunity, and clinical outcomes
for sargramostim therapy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gendelman Howard , Olson Katherine , Namminga Krista , Lu Yaman , Mostafa Mai , Obaro Helen , Santamaria Pamela , Mosley R. Lee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Safety, biomarker, and motor outcomes in Parkinson’s disease (PD) were evaluated during extended sargramostim (Leukine®, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) therapy. Hematologic, metabolic, regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and function, motor, and behavioral functions were scored in five PD patients during a 5-day on, 2-day off sargramostim regimen administered at 3 µg/kg/dose over the 33-month study. Adverse events for sargramostim included injection site reactions, increased total white cell counts, and bone pain. Treg numbers and functional improvements were sustained throughout the study. After 24 months on treatment regimen, drug use was discontinued for three months, and followed by an additional six months of treatment. No significant changes in adverse events were discernible after treatment pause or re-initiation; however, UPDRS scores increased during the pause and decreased after initiation of treatment. Taken together, the data affirmed long-term safety, Treg functional stability, and clinical stability of sargramostim in the PD population. Confirmation requiring larger numbers of enrolled patients is planned in a phase II evaluation.
Weaving rapport: doctors’ strategies towards patients’ noncompliance
Authors: Yinong TIAN , ZHANG Jing , Haiyang Che , Yonggang SU 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: A successful therapeutic rapport between doctors and patients is built on effective doctor-patient communication. Noncompliance of patients which challenges their communication has been described in the research, yet the rapport strategies are not well discussed.Methods: This qualitative study investigates the rapport strategies when doctors face noncompliance in consultations and its pragmatic effects achieved through the doctors’ speeches. The 10-hour recordings come from the doctor-patient communication in the hospital setting. Thereafter, we analyze their conversation following the Spencer Oatey’s rapport management model.Results: Compliments and joking in the illocutionary domain, storytelling in the discourse domain, the doctors’ participation in the participation domain and the choice of appropriate titles in the stylistic domain are identified and analyzed as the rapport-building strategies.Conclusion: The present study has offered insights into physicians’ rapport-building strategies in the face of rapport-threatening behavior from patients. These strategies will help the doctors to deal with rapport-challenging behavior and boost overall patient wellness.
Umbilical Artery Cord Blood Glucose Predicted neonatal hypoglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Other at-risk Newborns after Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Huahua , Zhang Leilei , Wang Xin , Wang Mingbo , Chen Zhifang , Zhang Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the value of umbilical artery cord blood glucose (UACBG) in predicting hypoglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other at-risk newborns, and to provide a cut-off UACBG value for predicting hypoglycemia occurrence.
Methods
In this prospective study, we enrolled at-risk infants delivered vaginally, including neonates born to mothers with GDM, premature, macrosomia, and low birth weight. We separated the infants into GDM group and other at-risk group. All subjects underwent UACBG measurement during delivery. Neonatal peripheral blood glucose measurement was performed at 0.5 h and 2 h after birth. The predictive performance of UACBG for neonatal hypoglycemia was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.
Results
916 newborns were included, 538 in GDM group and 378 in other at-risk group. For hypoglycemia prediction within 2 h, the best cut-off of UACBG was 4.150 mmol/L, yielding an AUC of 0.688 (95% CI 0.625–0.751). UACBG had a better performance at 0.5 h (AUC 0.757; 95% CI 0.690–0.824). In detail, the AUC was 0.703 in GDM group (95% CI 0.594–0.811), with the optimal cut-off of 4.550 mmol/L. In other at-risk group, the AUC was 0.797(95% CI 0.716–0.877), and the best threshold was 4.350 mmol/L. No significant differences were observed between GDM group and other at-risk group in AUC at 0.5 h, 2 h and within 2 h.
Conclusions
UACBG may be an efficient, non-invasive approach to predicting neonatal hypoglycemia within 2 h after birth.
CD8+ T-cells control infection by exerting both cytolytic and non-cytolytic effects in different phases of the SIV lifecycle
Authors: Policicchio Benjamin , Cardozo-Ojeda Erwing , Xu Cuiling , Ma DongZhu , He Tianyu , Raehtz Kevin , Sivanandham Ranjit , Kleinman Adam , Perelson Alan , Apetrei Cristian , Pandrea Ivona , Ribeiro Ruy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms of CD8+ T lymphocyte control of HIV infection are not fully understood. One hypothesis is that the main effect of CD8+ T-cells occurs before viral production. To settle this issue, we conducted an experiment where twenty SIVmac251-infected macaques received either CD8-depleting antibody (n=4); integrase inhibitor and CD8-depleting antibody (n=8); or only the inhibitor (n=8). We analyzed the ensuing viral dynamics with a mathematical model that included infected cells pre- and post- viral DNA integration to compare different possible immune effector mechanisms. Macaques receiving just integrase inhibitor experienced greater viral load decays than those treated also with CD8+ cell depleting antibody. A model including CD8+ cell effects in killing infected cells pre-integration (cytolytic) and reducing viral production (non-cytolytic) was found to best explain the viral profiles across all macaques. Our results suggest that CD8+ T-cells have both a cytolytic effect on infected cells before viral integration, which has not been seen before, and a non-cytolytic effect reducing viral production.
Changes in basal insulin secretion capacity after pancreatectomy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kihara Yasuhiro , Murotani Kenta , Yokomizo Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the changes in basal insulin secretion capacity (BISC) after pancreatectomy across two surgical procedures. We also investigated the association between decreased BISC and the introduction of postoperative insulin therapy.
Methods
The data on 110 patients who underwent pancreatectomy during October 2018–February 2022 at our hospital were retrospectively registered and analyzed. We focused on the C-peptide index (CPI) as an index for BISC. A decreased postoperative BISC was defined as a postoperative CPI (post-CPI) < 1.0, which was in turn defined as the event occurrence in our study. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the event occurrence was plotted for factors related to preoperative glucose tolerance. Of the 73 preoperative non-diabetic patients, 44 and 29 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP), respectively, were examined.
Results
A post-CPI of < 1.0 was observed in 29 (39%) patients. Although the proportion of remnant pancreatic volume was significantly smaller in patients with PD than in patients with DP (38% vs. 68%, p < 0.0001), no significant difference was observed in the event rates (39% vs. 41%). In patients with PD, preoperative CPI (area under the curve: 0.75) was used for predicting post-CPI < 1.0. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative CPI < 1.65 (odds ratio: 7.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.87‒31.5) was an independent predictor of decreased postoperative BISC. However, in patients with DP, no significant predictors were identified. Induction of insulin therapy was significantly lower in preoperative non-diabetic patients (n = 73) after undergoing a pancreatectomy (1.4% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.0001) than in preoperative medically treated patients (n = 16). There was no significant difference in event (post-CPI < 1.0) rates (39.7% vs. 56.2%, p = 0.23).
Conclusions
Although pancreatectomy reduces BISC after surgery, the coexistence of insulin resistance, which is a pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, may play a role in whether postoperative glucose tolerance is reduced to the point where insulin therapy is necessary.
Unraveling Complexity of Rhizosphere Microbiome Affecting on Quality of Crocus sativus
Authors: Ghayoumi Masoud , Emamjomeh Abbasali , Kavousi Kaveh , Najafi Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Saffron (dried stigmas of Crocus sativus) is an aromatic crop belonging to Iridaceae family. The microorganisms in soil are main factors affecting the production and quality of Crocus sativus. We have studied the microbial relationships between Saffron rhizosphere and quality indices of Crocus sativus (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) using a Metagenomic approach. It was found that despite the similar climatic conditions, the quality of Saffron in a region is higher than other regions. This can be related to different microbes in root zone or rhizosphere layer. The purpose was to investigate and compare soil microbiome rhizosphere compared to other regions, as a result, to identify the microbiome affecting the quality of Saffron. In this research, rhizosphere soil of different regions in Ghayen(Iran), the center of high quality Saffron, was firstly sampled during harvesting time. In the next step, soil DNA was extracted, and the 16srRNA gene sequence of each sample was identified based on the RNA-Seq method; finally, the microbiome of the samples was analyzed. The results indicated that beneficial bacteria such as Kosakonia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Plesiomonas, Pasteurella, Lactococcus, and Mitsuaria have a significant impact on increasing Saffron quality. Such bacteria, which affect the quality of Crocus sativus, increase carbon source, nitrogen fixation, auxin synthesis, dissolved phosphate production, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase plant growth stimulants; and can improve the quality of Saffron.
Evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of three different forulation of intraligamentary injection in hypertensive patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis- A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kothari Meghna A , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Ballal Nidambur Vasudev , Mishra Lora , KV Kishan , Rao Ajay Singh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This double blinded randomized clinical trial was aimed to compared the efficacy of supplemental intraligamentary injections of lignocaine, diclofenac sodium, and ketorolac tromethamine on intra-appointment pain in healthy and hypertensive patients with moderate to severe symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methodology: Ethical clearance and Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2020/09/027635) was done (Registered on:07/09/2020). A total of 199 patients were divided into two groups: - Group 1- Hypertension (n=99) and Group 2-Healthy (n=99). After computer randomization and double blinding, participants were subdivided into three subgroups 1A/2A: lignocaine (n=33). 1B/2B: diclofenac sodium (n=33). Subgroup 1C/2C: ketorolac tromethamine (n=33). Pre-operative VAS was recorded. For group 1, blood pressure was recorded, and IANB with 1.8ml of 2% Lignocaine without Adrenaline was administered. For group 2, IANB with 1.8ml of 2% Lignocaine with Adrenaline was administered. Supplemental intraligamentary injection of either of experimental drugs was given. Endodontic access was gained, and an intra-operative VAS score was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Paired t-test, Tukey’s Post Hoc test and ANOVA using SPSS software version 20.Results: Supplemental intraligamentry injections of Diclofenac Sodium And Ketorolac Tromethamine showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) than lignocaine in reduction of intraoperative pain among hypertensive and healthy individuals with no side effects.Conclusion: Supplemental injections of both NSAIDs performed better than lignocaine in reducing intra-operative pain among healthy and hypertensive individuals. Clinical Relevance: Hypertensive patient having tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is always a challenge. Supplemental intra-ligamentary injection with use of NSAIDs will reduce the intraoperative pain, side effects and can be preferred over oral pre-medications.
Evaluation Method for the Hyperspectral Image Camouflage Effect Based on Multifeature Description and Grayscale Clustering
Authors: He Zhenxin , gan yuanying , Ma Shixin , Liu Chuntong , Liu Zhongye 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hyperspectral images have a special attribute with both spectral and spatial information, which is of great significance for the evaluation of the stealth performance of camouflaged targets. Aiming at the problems of a single evaluation index and the low credibility of traditional optical camouflage evaluation methods, this paper proposes a grayscale clustering camouflage-effect evaluation method based on multifeature descriptions of hyperspectral images using similarity indicators that reflect different spectral characteristics of the target and background. The improved Delphi method, which is used to construct weights, better simulates the decision-making process of experts, which gives more intuitive and detailed evaluation indicators reflecting the “pros and cons” of the camouflage effect if the clustering characteristics of the grayscale evaluation method are combined. At the same time, by introducing the whitening weight function and the evaluation grade, the camouflage ability of the camouflage net under different backgrounds is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Multidimensional tracking and consequences of the usage of forest products in Early Modern Poland
Authors: Słowiński Michał , Związek Tomasz , Swoboda Paweł , Niedzielski Michał A. , Słowińska Sandra , Konopski Michał , Jończak Jerzy , Kruczkowska Bogusława , Chojnacka Aleksandra , Róg Dominik , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Brykała Dariusz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The quantification of human impacts on past forest ecosystems becomes more challenging as one goes deeper into the past. This is primarily due to a scarcity of appropriate source material. It is well known that the inclusion of the Polish lands in the zone of economic ties with Western Europe at the end of the 15th century enabled intensive export of cereal and forest products. In this paper, we have used place names established before 1600 to demonstrate how ancient forests were exploited. By analyzing the naming material, we distinguished three basic types of names related to logging, industrial production, and beekeeping. In addition, we have included several theoretical considerations related to the environmental consequences of forest exploitation. Thus, our article provides a strong basis for further research into the environmental effects of past landscape changes.
Super-Absorbent Fabric: In Situ Polymerization of Macroporous Starch-Sodium Alginate Hydrogel on Fiber Surface
Authors: Yao Yijun , Shen Yanqin , Hu Chengmeng , Wu Hailiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Super-absorbent fabric provide a comfortable microenvironment for personal protective equipment. We prepared a super-absorbent and strong water retention fabric by in situ polymerization of starch-sodium alginate-polyacrylate (St-SA-PAA) hydrogel on the surface of polyester fabric. The pore size distribution of gel on fabric was 30~91 μm. Benefiting from the capillarity of polyester fiber, the water absorption rate of St-SA-PAA gel could be increased from 2.8 to 10 g/min, when it was deposited on fabric. The water absorption of super-absorbent fabric reached 343 g/g, which exceeded the reported super-absorbent fiber. Also, the supporting role of fiber improved the poor mechanical property of gel after water absorption. Interestingly, super-absorbent fabric had isotropic characteristic, and its water absorption and softness could be adjusted by controlling the amount of aerogel deposition, as well as its swelling behavior conformed to second-order kinetic. This work provides new approach for the development of comfortable damp-heat management fabrics.
Association of self-compassion and body image among young breast cancer patients: mediating effect of body surveillance and body shame
Authors: Zhu Fei , Zhang Wan , Liu Chunlei , Qiang Wanmin , Lu Qian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose To examine whether body surveillance and body shame mediated the association between self-compassion and body image among young breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 310 young women with breast cancer completed self-report measurements of demographic and clinical characteristics, Self-Compassion Scale, Body Image Self-rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer and Chinese version of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale between September and December 2021 at a tertiary cancer hospital in Tianjin, China. Data analysis was performed with correlation analysis and structural equation modeling to verify relationships between key variables.Results Less self-compassion was significantly associated with greater body image disturbance, while a positive correlation was found between body image, body surveillance, and body shame. High self-compassion was associated with low body surveillance and low body shame. Self-compassion indirectly negative predicted body image disturbance via the chain mediation of body surveillance and body shame.Conclusions The links of self-compassion and body image were mediated by body surveillance and body shame. Self-compassion can partially counteract patients’ irrational perceptions of their appearance and improve their body image disturbance by reducing body surveillance and further reducing body shame.
Early-Life Disaster Experience and Insurance Demand: Evidence from the Great Famine in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoquan , Fang Yu , Ding Yugang , Chen Hua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effect of individual early-life famine experiences on insurance demand. Using household-level data from China, we document that household heads’ famine experiences in early adulthood have a causal relationship with the household’s insurance demand. When the famine severity increases by one unit, the probability of the household purchasing insurance rises by 5.8%, the premium expense increases by 45%, and the premium-to-total expenditure ratio increases by 58.8%. The results remain robust when using alternative cohorts and famine severity measures and accounting for migration after the Great Famine. We also conduct two falsification tests to buttress the causal effects of the Great Famine on households’ insurance demand. Finally, we show that the mechanism behind the causative effects is due to the Great Famine-related change in risk preference. After the famine, people became more risk averse and more likely to buy insurance in their later years.JEL: G52, D12, I12