bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Survey Reporting on the Value of Patient-Centered Ostomy Programs
Authors: McNichol Laurie , Markiewicz Anna , Goldstine Jimena , Nichols Thom R. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate a postsurgical ostomy patient support program in regard to postsurgical experience, education, skin care, pouching system and accessory use, insurance issues, supplier assistance, hospital readmission status, and the benefit of multiple interactions.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional design.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Potential respondents were randomly selected from a group of adults 18 years or older who underwent ostomy surgery within 6 months prior to survey completion. Nine hundred seventy-one individuals met inclusion criteria, and 297 were selected for analysis, based on having 1 or more program interactions. Data were collected between the second and third quarters of 2020. All participants were residents of the United States.

METHODS:
Participants were contacted by e-mail containing an invitation to participate in a survey; the e-mail also described the intent of the survey. Survey distribution was conducted by the sponsor and linked to a third-party survey management organization for compilation. The survey questionnaire, developed specifically for the purpose of this study, comprised 73 items that queried demographic and pertinent clinical data, participation in an industry-sponsored patient support program, and their post–hospital discharge experiences including unplanned health care provider visits, emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions.

RESULTS:
Eighty-three percent (n = 237) of respondents did not have postsurgical ostomy-related emergency department visits, 75% (n = 223) did not have related unplanned physician visits, and 90% (n = 268) did not have related hospitalizations. Participants with 2 or more interactions were more likely to contact a program representative for issues of stoma care, leakage and skin care, ostomy products/accessories, and supplier issues than their single-interaction counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings suggest that patients with new ostomies benefited from engagement in an industry-sponsored patient support program. The benefit appears to arise from personal interactions and respondents; 2 or more interactions were shown to have greater benefit than a single interaction.
United Ostomy Associations of America's Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights
Authors: Gleba Jeanine , Miller Leslie Riggle , Peck B. Mitchell , Burgess-Stocks Joanna 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine best practices through utilization of United Ostomy Associations of America's (UOAA's) Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights (PBOR) from the perspective of patients and clinicians.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional, comparative design.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 412 patients with ostomies (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy) and continent diversions (such as J-pouch) and 195 clinicians (physicians, nurses, nurse assistants) residing in the United States. All patients underwent surgery within the United States. Almost half of participants (n = 196/412; 47.6%) had surgery within 5 years of data collection.

METHODS:
Participants were recruited between 2019 and 2020. Patient data were collected from UOAA's national conference and affiliated ostomy support groups. Clinician data were collected at the 2019 National WOCN Society Conference and through affiliated nursing and medical professional societies. Participants completed a self-administered online or printed survey; items focused on the Ostomy and Continent Diversion PBOR and standards of ostomy care.

RESULTS:
Among clinicians familiar with the PBOR, 54% (n = 58/106) reported UOAA's PBOR was being used to inform ostomy care. When analyzing the full sample of both clinicians and patients, we found that less than 13% (n = 25/195) of clinicians and 5% (n = 20/412) of patients reported that all 16 of the recommended standards of care outlined in the PBOR were incorporated into ostomy care. Analysis also revealed differences between patients' and clinicians' reports of provision of 14 of the 16 PBOR components. They include a discussion on emotional impact of the ostomy surgery, instructions on troubleshooting potential difficulties with the ostomy, provision of educational materials, and providing information for ordering supplies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings showed discrepancies between the PBOR standards of care being provided by clinicians versus the care patients reported they received. Findings also indicated variability in the consistency of delivering all components of the PBOR. We assert that further awareness and wider utilization of the PBOR in every health care setting in the United States are needed to provide best care to patients living with an ostomy.
Preliminary Exploration on the Efficacy of Augmented Reality-Guided Hepatectomy for Hepatolithiasis
Authors: Wu Xiwen , Zeng Ning , Hu Haoyu , Pan Mingxin , Jia Fucang , Wen Sai , Tian Jie , Yang Jian , Fang Chihua 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
The augmented reality-assisted navigation system (AR-ANS) has been initially applied to the management of hepatolithiasis. The current study examines the safety and efficacy of the AR-ANS for hepatectomy in the treatment of hepatolithiasis. It is the first study to assess the preoperative and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy guided by the AR-ANS for hepatolithiasis.

STUDY DESIGN:
From January 2018 to December 2021, 77 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent hepatectomy at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University were included. The subjects were divided into the AR group (n = 31) and the non-AR group (n = 46) according to whether the surgery was guided by the AR-ANS. Clinical baseline features, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, immediate postoperative residual stone rate, postoperative stone recurrence rate at 6 months, and postoperative complications were analyzed.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference between preoperative baseline data from the 2 groups (p > 0.05). The AR group had a longer surgical time than the non-AR group (p < 0.001). The intraoperative blood loss in the AR group was lower than in the non-AR group (p < 0.001). Alanine transaminase, aminotransferase, immediate residual stone rate, and stone recurrence rate in the AR group were lower than in the non-AR group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The application of the AR-ANS in hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis has not only achieved satisfactory therapeutic efficacy, but has also shown significant advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, immediate stone residual rate, and stone recurrence rate, which has clinical promotion value.
COVID-19 induced birth sex ratio changes in England and Wales
Authors: Masukume Gwinyai , Ryan Margaret , Masukume Rumbidzai , Zammit Dorota , Grech Victor , Mapanga Witness , Inoue Yosuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sex ratio at birth (male live births divided by total live births) may be a sentinel health indicator. Stressful events reduce this ratio 3-5 months later by increasing male fetal loss. This ratio can also change 9 months after major population events that are linked to an increase or decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse at the population level, with the ratio either rising or falling respectively after the event. We postulated that stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the ratio in England and Wales.MethodsPublicly available, monthly live birth data for England and Wales was obtained from the Office for National Statistics up to December 2020. The sex ratio at birth for 2020 (global COVID-19 onset) was predicted using data from 2012-2019. Observed and predicted values were compared.ResultsThree months after COVID-19 was declared pandemic (March 2020), there was a significant fall in the sex ratio at birth to 0.5100 in June 2020 which was below the 95% prediction interval of 0.5102-0.5179. Nine months after the pandemic declaration, (December 2020), there was a significant rise to 0.5171 (95% prediction interval 0.5085-0.5162). However, December 2020 had the lowest number of live births of any month from 2012 to 2020.ConclusionsGiven that June 2020 falls within the crucial window when population stressors are known to affect the sex ratio at birth, these findings imply that the start of the COVID-19 pandemic caused population stress with notable effects on those who were already pregnant by causing a disproportionate loss of male fetuses. The finding of a higher sex ratio at birth in December 2020, i.e., 9 months after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, suggests that lockdown restrictions initially spurred more sexual activity in a subset of the population in March 2020.
Profiling Neuronal Methylome and Hydroxymethylome of Opioid Use Disorder in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Rompala Gregory , Nagamatsu Sheila T. , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Wang Jiawei , Girgenti Matthew J. , Krystal John H. , Gelernter Joel ,   Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group, Hurd Yasmin L. , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. While recent research suggests that there are epigenetic disturbances in OUD, these studies were limited to DNA methylation (5mC). DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) has been understudied in psychiatric disorders and addiction, despite being highly enriched in the brain where it regulates critical functions, including neural plasticity. Here, we conducted a multi-omic profiling of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of OUD, integrating neuronal-specific 5mC and 5hmC as well as within-subject correlations with gene expression profiles from human postmortem samples (OUD=12; controls=26). Further, co-methylation modules and GWAS enrichment were analyzed for 5mC and 5hmC. Evaluation of single locus methylomic alterations identified 397 and 1740 differentially 5mC and 5hmC CpGs, respectively. Enrichment for neuronal function was observed for 5hmC, while no significant pathways were observed for 5mC. 5mC and 5hmC co-methylation analysis identified modules associated with OUD enriched for Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation, and WNT signaling. Transcriptomic analysis identifiedHBBas significantly associated with OUD. Finally, drug interaction analysis showed seven differential 5hmC genes and one differential 5mC gene interacting with opioid use. Our multi-omic findings suggest an important role of 5hmC and reveal novel loci epigenetically dysregulated in OFC neurons of individuals with OUD.
Rehabilitation strategies for lateral ankle sprain do not reflect established mechanisms of re-injury: A systematic review
Authors: Wagemans Jente , Bleakley Chris , Taeymans Jan , Kuppens Kevin , Schurz Alexander Philipp , Baur Heiner , Vissers Dirk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch questionsWhat is the primary impairment addressed by each exercise included in exercise-based rehabilitation programs for patients who suffered an acute ankle sprain?Do prescribed exercises incorporate complex tasks associated with common ankle sprain injury mechanisms?MethodsWe searched six electronic databases (CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, Google Scholar) for randomized controlled trials including patients with acute ankle sprains, managed through exercise-based rehabilitation. Exercises were analysed based on: the primary impairment(s) addressed (muscle strength, mobility, neuromuscular training, performance); direction of movement (uni-vs multiplanar); base of support (single vs double limb); weightbearing status (open vs closed chain); and use of a flight phase. (PROSPERO: CRD42020210858)ResultsWe included fourteen randomized controlled trials comprising 177 exercises. Neuromuscular function was addressed in 44% of exercises, followed by performance tasks (23%), and muscle strengthening (20%). Exercises were limited to movements across the sagittal plane (48%), with 31% incorporating multiplanar movements. Weight bearing exercises were almost divided equally between single-limb (59/122) and double leg stance exercises (61/122). Eighteen percent of all exercises (34/177) incorporated a flight phase.ConclusionsRehabilitation after LAS largely comprises simple exercises in the sagittal plane that do not reflect established mechanisms of re-injury. Future interventions can be enhanced by incorporating more open chain joint position sense training, multiplanar single limb challenges, and jumping and landing exercises.
Genetic variants associated with longitudinal cognitive performance in older breast cancer patients and controls
Authors: Nudelman Kelly N. H. , Nho Kwangsik , Zhang Michael , McDonald Brenna C. , Zhai Wanting , Small Brent J. , Wegel Claire E. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Jim Heather S. L. , Patel Sunita K. , Graham Deena M. A. , Ahles Tim A. , Root James C. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Breen Elizabeth C. , Carroll Judith E. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   the Thinking and Living with Cancer (TLC) Study
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no published genome-wide studies of the genetics of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive decline (CRCD); the purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with CRCD in older female breast cancer survivors.MethodsAnalyses included white non-Hispanic breast cancer women with non-metastatic breast cancer aged 60+ (N=325) and age-, racial/ethnic group, and education-matched controls (N=340) with pre-systemic treatment and one-year follow-up cognitive outcomes. CRCD was assessed using longitudinal domain scores on neurocognitive tests of Attention, Processing speed, and Executive function (APE), and Learning and Memory (LM). Linear regression models of one-year cognition included an interaction term for SNP or gene SNP enrichment*cancer case/control status, controlling for demographic variables and baseline cognition.ResultsCancer patients carrying minor alleles for two SNPs, rs76859653 (chromosome 1) in the hemicentin 1 (HMCN1) gene (p=1.624×10−8), and rs78786199 (chromosome 2, p=1.925×10−8) in an intergenic region had lower one-year APE scores than non-carriers and controls. Gene-level analyses showed the POC5 centriolar protein gene was enriched for SNPs associated with differences in longitudinal LM performance between patients and controls.ConclusionThe SNPs associated with cognition in survivors, but not controls, were members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family, which play important roles in cell signaling, cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. These findings provide preliminary evidence that novel genetic loci may drive susceptibility to CRCD.
Toxicity of microplastics and plastic additive co-exposure in liver Disse organoids from healthy donors and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Liang Shaojun , Luo Yixue , Yi Jun , Feng Lu , Xu Mingen , Yao Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ubiquitous microplastics (MPs) and plastic additives in the environment usually form complexes, enter human blood circulation, and increase the risk of steatohepatitis. The liver Disse space plays a vital role in corresponding hepatic pathological processes. However, due to the limited understanding of the regulatory cues in multilineage maturation, the generation of large-scale Disse-like organoids (DOs) mirroring the comprehensive toxicity responses of MPs is challenging. Here, using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we biofabricated healthy donors and patient-derived DOs containing hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells, resembling the features of Disse space. These organoids revealed that polystyrene MPs preferentially entered endothelial cells and then dispersed throughout the organoids, similar to reported studies in zebrafish. Co-exposure to MPs and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a common plastic additive, showed enhanced accumulation of contamination in the organoids. We also biofabricated alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patient-derived DOs representing the specific disease transcriptional profiles. We found that co-exposure to MPs and TBBPA at environmental-related dosages significantly elevated the pathological transcriptional expression and biochemical profiles in patient-derived DOs but not in healthy organoids, suggesting that both hereditary factors and pollutants contribute to susceptibility to environmental toxicants. This study exemplified the value of biofabricated hiPSC-derived organoids in environmental toxicology and offered a powerful strategy for personalized toxicology evaluation.
The relationship between the interdisciplinary activation of children’s scientific concepts and their mastery of basic knowledges: A pre-study based on reaction times
Authors: Zhong Wang , Zhen Cui , Yi Zhang 
Published: September 2022

Abstractthe activation of scientific concepts (such as association) is not only an important way for children to organize scientific knowledges, but also an important way for them to learn complex concepts (such as compound concepts composed of multiple knowledge points). Inspired by the details of a primary electrical lesson, we used the E-Prime software to study the activation of concepts inside and outside the electrical unit by students with different electrical knowledge levels (taking reaction time as the main index). The results showed that: ① the levels of basic knowledge was negatively correlated with the cross domain activation ability of concepts, that is, the worse the basic knowledge, the faster the cross domain activation speed (P < 0.05); ② The better the basic knowledges, the closer the activation behavior is to science teachers. Conclusion: ① the poorer the basic knowledges, the stronger the cross domain association ability and the more active the thinking; ② The reason for this phenomenon may be human’s thinking is patterned; ③ Therefore, there is a potential logical contradiction in the view that divergent thinking is the psychological basis of creativity.
PARNAS: Objectively Selecting the Most Representative Taxa on a Phylogeny
Authors: Markin Alexey , Wagle Sanket , Grover Siddhant , Vincent Baker Amy L. , Eulenstein Oliver , Anderson Tavis K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled phylogenetic studies with hundreds of thousands of taxa. Such large-scale phylogenies have become a critical component in genomic epidemiology in pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. However, detailed phenotypic characterization of pathogens or generating a computationally tractable dataset for detailed phylogenetic analyses requires bias free subsampling of taxa. To address this need, we propose parnas, an objective and flexible algorithm to sample and select taxa that best represent observed diversity by solving a generalized k-medoids problem on a phylogenetic tree. parnas solves this problem efficiently and exactly by novel optimizations and adapting algorithms from operations research. For more nuanced selections, taxa can be weighted with metadata or genetic sequence parameters, and the pool of potential representatives can be user-constrained. Motivated by influenza A virus genomic surveillance and vaccine design, parnas can be applied to identify representative taxa that optimally cover the diversity in a phylogeny within a specified distance radius. We demonstrated that parnas is more efficient and flexible than current approaches, and applied it to select representative influenza A virus in swine genes derived from over 5 years of genomic surveillance data. Our objective selection of 4 to 6 strains selected every two years from the 16 distinct genetic clades were sufficient to cover 80% of diversity circulating in US swine. We suggest that this method, through the objective selection of representatives in a phylogeny, provides criteria for rational multivalent vaccine design and for quantifying diversity. PARNAS is available at https://github.com/flu-crew/parnas.
PLAE web app enables powerful searching and multiple visualizations across one million unified single-cell ocular transcriptomes
Authors: Swamy Vinay , Batz Zachary , McGaughey David 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSETo create a high performance reactive web application to query single cell gene expression data across cell type, species, study, and other factors.METHODSWe updated the content and structure of the underlying data (single cell Eye in a Disk, scEiaD) and wrote the web application PLAE (https://plae.nei.nih.gov) to visualize and explore it.RESULTSThe new portal provides quick visualization of over a million individual cells from vertebrate eye-and body transcriptomes encomopassing four species, 60 cell types, six ocular tissues, and 23 body tissues across 37 publications. To demonstrate the value of this unified pan-eye dataset, we replicate known neurogenic and cone macula markers as well as propose six new cone human region markers.CONCLUSIONThe PLAE web application provides the eye community a powerful and quick means to test hypotheses related to gene expression across a highly diverse, community-derived database.
Modelling homeostatic plasticity in the auditory cortex results in neural signatures of tinnitus
Authors: Schultheiβ Hannah , Zulfiqar Isma , Moerel Michelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTinnitus is a clinical condition where a sound is perceived without external sound source. Homeostatic plasticity (HSP), serving to increase neural activity as compensation for the reduced input to the auditory pathway after hearing loss, has been proposed as causal mechanism underlying tinnitus. In support, animal models of tinnitus show evidence of increased neural activity after hearing loss, including increased spontaneous and sound-driven firing rate, as well as increased neural noise throughout the auditory processing pathway. Bridging these findings to human tinnitus, however, has proven to be challenging. Here we implement hearing loss-induced HSP in a Wilson-Cowan Cortical Model of the auditory cortex to predict how homeostatic principles operating at the microscale translate to the meso- to macroscale accessible through human neuroimaging. We observed HSP-induced response changes in the model that were previously proposed as neural signatures of tinnitus. As expected, HSP increased spontaneous and sound-driven responsiveness in hearing-loss affected frequency channels of the model. We furthermore observed evidence of increased neural noise and the appearance of spatiotemporal modulations in neural activity, which we discuss in light of recent human neuroimaging findings. Our computational model makes quantitative predictions that require experimental validation, and may thereby serve as the basis of future human tinnitus studies.HighlightsWe implement homeostatic plasticity (HSP) in an auditory cortex computational modelAfter HSP, model behavior shows neural signatures of tinnitusIncreased neural noise and oscillations match human neuroimaging findingsThe proposed model can serve to design future human tinnitus studies