bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating a Distributed Relational Database to a Document Database
Authors: Ha Muon , Shichkina Yulia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problem of transferring data from a database of one type to a database of another type is relevant today due to the increase in data volumes and the complexity of tasks solved in various fields of human activity. The existing databases are less and less satisfying the needs of users. New types of databases appear that are more suitable for solving large-scale problems. This article proposes an algorithm for solving the problem of optimizing the document structure of a database based on metadata about the structure of a distributed relational database from which data are transferred. The approach also takes into account information about the structure of the priority database queries. The priority of database queries is user-defined. The system of automatic translation of the database, taking into account these metadata, allows the user to create a distributed document database that is optimal in two parameters: in terms of the volume of stored data and in terms of the execution time of priority database queries.
Bedeutung der Chirurgie bei M. Crohn
Authors: Unger Lukas Walter , Schuld Gabor Jorrid , Bergmann Michael 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz von Morbus Crohn, einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung, steigt an. Obwohl die Therapiemöglichkeiten verbessert wurden, entwickelt ein Großteil der PatientInnen Komplikationen, die eine chirurgische Intervention benötigen. So können neben Stenosen auch Perforationen oder Fisteln entstehen, die eine dringliche chirurgische Darmresektion notwendig machen. Aufgrund des hohen Lebenszeitrisikos für die Notwendigkeit einer chirurgischen Therapie von Komplikationen, bedarf es einer optimalen Koordination von konservativer und operativer Therapie. Dies inkludiert sowohl Indikation zur Art der Chirurgie, als auch die postoperative Rezidivprophylaxe, sodass die Behandlung wegen der komplexen Interaktion in einem spezialisierten Zentrum erfolgen sollte, um den besten Operationszeitpunkt zu wählen. Um nach einer Darmresektion die Rekonvaleszenz zu beschleunigen und das Komplikationsrisiko zu minimieren, sind in den letzten Jahren einerseits die Laparoskopie als Standardzugang, andererseits spezielle chirurgische Anastomosen- und Resektionstechniken propagiert worden. Zusätzlich sollte in der Nachsorge die Einbindung der PatientInnen in ein gastroenterologisches Nachsorgeprogramm mit regelmäßigen, endoskopischen Untersuchungen erfolgen, um Rezidive zu erkennen und zu behandeln. Risikofaktoren für ein Frührezidiv nach Operationen beinhalten Rauchen, vorherige Operationen, das Fehlen von prophylaktischer medikamentöser Therapie, penetrierende/fistulierende Komplikationen bei Erstoperation, perianale Komplikationen, Granulome und myenterische Plexitis. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die gängigen Richtlinien sowie aktuelle Studien, die möglicherweise Einzug in die gängige Praxis finden, zusammen.
Processing strategies to improve the breadmaking potential of whole-grain wheat and non-wheat flours
Authors: Dapčević-Hadnađev Tamara , Tomić Jelena , Škrobot Dubravka , Šarić Bojana , Hadnađev Miroslav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrategies to increase the bio-functionality of staple food, such as bread, by incorporating whole-grain wheat flour or flour from other, non-wheat grains instead of refined wheat flour are often constrained with the lack of their techno-functionality, despite the associated beneficial effect on consumers' health and well-being. Most of the available studies investigating the possibilities to improve technological and sensory quality of bread prepared using whole-grain wheat and non-wheat flours still rely on formulation approaches in which different additives and novel ingredients are used as structuring agents. Less attention has been given to technological approaches which could be applied to induce structural changes on biopolymer level and thus increase the breadmaking potential of whole grains such as: modification of grain and biopolymers structure by germination, flour particle size reduction, dry-heat or hydrothermal treatment, atmospheric cold plasma, high-pressure processing or ultrasound treatment. Strategies to modify processing variables during breadmaking like dough kneading and hydration modification, sourdough fermentation or non-conventional baking techniques application are also poorly exploited for bread preparation from non-wheat grains. In this paper, the challenges and opportunities of abovementioned processing strategies for the development of bread with whole-wheat flours and non-wheat flours from underutilised gluten-containing or gluten-free cereals and pseudocereals will be reviewed throughout the whole breadmaking chain: from grain to bread and from milling to baking. Feasibility of different strategies to increase the technological performance and sensory quality of bread based on whole-grain wheat flours or flours from other, non-wheat grains will be addressed considering both the environmental, safety and nutritive advantages.
Decadal changes of the early summer Asian monsoon and the South China Sea tropical cyclones during 2001–2020
Authors: Cho Yin-Min , Lu Mong-Ming , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Solis Ana L. S. , Chen Meng-Shih 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn inter-decadal increase (1990–2009) in the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency in May has recently been reported. The TC decadal changes was attributed to an advanced monsoon onset over the Asian Summer Monsoon region, particularly over the South China Sea (SCS) in May. In the present study, we used 60 years (1961–2020) of TC data and 40 years (1981–2020) of the global reanalysis data to investigate the unique changes of the SCS TC activity during May and the associated large-scale environment. We find that the increasing trend was weakened during the most recent decade (2011–2020), and the advanced monsoon onset was not discernable. The period of 2011–2020 was identified as a decade of the minimum TC genesis frequency over the SCS in May since 1961. The extremely inactive TC genesis was attributed to the weak low-level cross equatorial monsoonal flow over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and the weak westerly monsoon (easterly anomalies) north of equator from the western Pacific through the Philippine Sea and the SCS to the Bay of Bengal. The weak tropical monsoon was associated with subtropical anticyclonic and suppressed convection north of the equator and the opposite wind and convection south of the equator. The anticyclonic circulation over the SCS was particularly strong that inhibited TC genesis during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
Informal Mining in Colombia: Gender-Based Challenges for the Implementation of the Business and Human Rights Agenda
Authors: Céspedes-Báez Lina M , Prieto-Ríos Enrique , Pontón-Serra Juan P 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses whether the implementation of business and human rights (BHR) frameworks in Colombia properly responds to the challenges posed by informal mining and gender-based violence and discrimination in the context of conflict and peacebuilding. The mining sector has been considered key in Colombia to promote economic growth, but it is also characterized by significant informality. Informal mining in Colombia has been linked to gender-based violence and discrimination. We contend that while informality has been identified as a substantial hurdle to the realization of human rights, BHR frameworks still fall short in addressing this aspect of business. By examining the specific measures Colombia has devised to implement BHR, including two National Action Plans on BHR, we demonstrate the urgency of addressing informal economies in BHR and to continue developing particular insights to properly protect, respect and remedy the human rights wrongs women experience in the context of informal mining.
Syntactic vs. phonological areas: A quantitative perspective on Hessian dialects
Authors: Birkenes Magnus Breder , Fleischer Jürg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper takes a quantitative perspective on data from the projectSyntax hessischer Dialekte(SyHD), covering dialects in the German state of Hesse, an area with rich dialectal variation. Many previous dialectometric analyses abstracted away from intralocal variation (e.g., by only counting the most frequent variant at a location). In contrast, we do justice to intralocal variation by taking into account local frequency relations. The study shows that the border between Low German and Central German—one of the most important isoglosses in German dialectology—is not relevant for syntactic phenomena. At the same time, a comparison with charactern-grams (a global measure of string similarity) reveals that the traditionally assumed dialect areas, primarily defined according to phonological developments, are still present in the twenty-first century data. Different from previous studies, our results are obtained from a uniform data base. Therefore, the differences between syntax and phonology cannot be due to variation in sampling, elicitation method, or time of elicitation.
‘Robinson Crusoe on a desert island’? Judicial education in Ireland, 1995–2019
Authors: Howlin Niamh , Coen Mark , Barry Colette , Lynch John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 2019, Irish judicial education has been undergoing major structural change. Prior to the legislative establishment of the Judicial Council in that year, formal training for judges in Ireland was almost non-existent. Innovation in this area was limited to the holding of judicial conferences that occurred annually from the mid-1990s onwards. This paper places the training of Irish judges in its international context and analyses the reflections of 22 judges on how they learned the skills of judgecraft prior to the creation of a formalised system of judicial education and training. The data demonstrates that members of the judiciary engaged in a range of largely informal learning activities and provides insights into a hitherto unexplored aspect of Irish judicial culture. The data is also of broader significance in highlighting organic and unofficial aspects of judicial education, which can be overlooked in jurisdictions with highly-developed, formalised structures for training the judiciary.
Influence of processing and packaging conditions on probiotic survivability rate, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of low calorie synbiotic milk beverage
Authors: Chand Prittam , Kumar M Dharani , Kumar Singh Ashish , Deshwal Gaurav Kr , Singh Rao Priyanka , Sharma Heena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe work presented in this research communication was carried out to prepare low calorie synbiotic milk beverage by optimizing water and sugar level and to investigate the effect on its storage ability of different packaging materials (polypropylene, high impact polystyrene, high-density polyethylene and glass). Addition of both water and sugar significantly (P < 0.05) affected the viscosity, probiotic count and sensory properties. Based on the findings, 40% water and 8% sugar level were optimized for the preparation of the beverage. Apparent viscosity and acidity increased whilst pH and probiotic counts declined during storage, irrespective of packaging materials. The prepared beverage remained most acceptable at refrigeration temperature up to a period of 15 and 12 d when packaged in glass and high impact polystyrene, respectively. Furthermore, it retained a minimum recommended level of probiotic (7 log cfu/ml) during storage for 15 d at 4 °C.
Intracellular cytokine expression in invasive fungal sinusitis and its impact on patient outcome
Authors: Verma P , Sikka K , Verma H , Thakar A , Mitra D K , Saurabh A , Singh G 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCell-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defence against fungal pathogens, regulated by differentiation of lymphocytes towards T-helper 1 or 2 cells. This study reports intracellular cytokine variation in terms of invasive fungal sinusitis type and outcome.MethodsThe mononuclear leukocytes of 15 patients with invasive fungal sinusitis (mucormycosis in 8, aspergillus in 7) were stained with antibodies against intracellular cytokines, after fungal antigen stimulation and culture, and immunophenotyped. Patients were followed up for six months, with clinical course categorised as improvement, worsening or death.ResultsThe mean percentages of mononuclear cells producing interleukins 4, 5, 10 and 12, and interferon-γ, in the mucormycosis group were 0.575, 0.284, 8.661, 4.460 and 1.134, respectively, while percentages in the aspergillosis group were 0.233, 0.492, 4.196, 4.466 and 1.533. Cells producing interleukin 4 and 10 were higher in the mucormycosis group, while those producing interleukin-12 and interferon-γ were lower. Cells producing interleukins 4 and 12 were higher in patients with a poor outcome (p-values of 0.0662 and 0.0373, respectively), while those producing interferon-γ were lower (p = 0.0864).ConclusionAdaptive cell-mediated immunity is expressed differently in two categories of invasive fungal sinusitis, and the cytokine expression pattern is related to prognosis.
Infection, cases due to SARS-CoV-2 in rural areas during early COVID-19 vaccination: findings from serosurvey study in a rural cohort of eastern India
Authors: Dash Pujarini , Mansingh Asit , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Sahoo Debadutta , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Kanungo Srikanta , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Mishra Bijaya Kumar , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Parai Debaprasad , Choudhary Hari Ram , Nayak Swetalina , Rana Khokan , Alice Alice , Sahoo Ajay Kumar , Mohanty Kanhu Charan , Mohanty Prasantajyoti , Doley Chinki , Jain Hitesh , Majhi Dasharatha , Pattanayak Pooja , Behuria Santosh , Panda Soumya , Bhoi Somnath , Pati Sanghamitra , Palo Subrata Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 serosurvey provides a better estimation of people who have developed antibody against the infection. But limited information on such serosurveys in rural areas poses many hurdles to understand the epidemiology of the virus and to implement proper control strategies. This study was carried out in the rural catchment area of Model Rural Health Research Unit in Odisha, India during March–April 2021, the initial phase of COVID vaccination. A total of 60 village clusters from four study blocks were identified using probability proportionate to size sampling. From each cluster, 60 households and one eligible participant from each household (60 per cluster) were selected for the collection of blood sample and socio-demographic data. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was tested using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. The overall seroprevalence after adjusting for test performance was 54.21% with an infection to case ratio of 96.89 along with 4.25% partial and 6.79% full immunisation coverage. Highest seroprevalence was observed in the age group of 19–44 years and females had both higher seroprevalence as well as vaccine coverage. People of other backward caste also had higher seropositivity than other caste categories. The study emphasises on continuing surveillance for COVID-19 cases and prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for susceptible groups for better disease management.
Results of the enhanced COVID-19 surveillance during UEFA EURO 2020 in Germany
Authors: Heese Helena , Marquis Adine , Diercke Michaela , Markus Inessa , Böhm Stefanie , Metz Jasmin , Katz Katharina , Wildner Manfred , Liebl Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In general, mass gatherings might pose a risk to the public health (PH). The UEFA EURO 2020 tournament (EURO 2020) was one of the first mass gathering events since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany. To allow early detection and response to any EURO 2020-associated impact on the COVID-19-related epidemiological situation, we initiated enhanced surveillance activities using the routine surveillance system in collaboration with the regional PH authority of Bavaria. Several preventive measures regarding the attendance of football matches and public viewing were implemented according to state regulations. We describe the results from the enhanced surveillance during the EURO 2020. In total, five cases who had attended a football match in the stadium of Munich, nine cases, who attended a football match in a stadium outside of Germany, and 123 cases in association with public viewing events were identified by enhanced surveillance. Concluding, the EURO 2020 seems to not have had a major impact on the COVID-19 pandemic development in Germany. Health measures for stadium visitors and the restriction of large public viewing events may have potentially contributed to the low case numbers detected, emphasising the need of appropriate PH surveillance and regulations to limit the potential risk to PH during mass gathering events.
Terrorist Attacks in the Middle East: A Counter-Terrorism Medicine Analysis
Authors: Tin Derrick , Fares Saleh , Al Mulhim Mobarak , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been, like many parts of the world, a hotbed for terrorist activities. Terrorist attacks can affect both demand for and provision of health care services and often places a unique burden on first responders, hospitals, and health systems. This study aims to provide an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related attacks in the Middle East sustained from 1970-2019.Methods:Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database search functions for all events which occurred in Iraq, Yemen, Turkey, Egypt, Syria, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, North Yemen, Qatar, and South Yemen from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Primary weapon type, primary target type, country where the incident occurred, and number of deaths and injuries were collated and the results analyzed.Results:A total of 41,837 attacks occurred in the Middle East from 1970-2019 accounting for 24.9% of all terrorist attacks around the world. A total of 100,446 deaths were recorded with 187,447 non-fatal injuries. Fifty-six percent of all attacks in the region occurred in Iraq (23,426), 9.4% in Yemen (3,929), and 8.2% in Turkey (3,428). “Private Citizens and Properties” were targeted in 37.6% (15,735) of attacks, 15.4% (6,423) targeted “Police,” 9.6% targeted “Businesses” (4,012), and 9.6% targeted “Governments” (4,001). Explosives were used in 68.4% of attacks (28,607), followed by firearms in 20.4% of attacks (8,525).Conclusion:Despite a decline in terrorist attacks from a peak in 2014, terrorist events remain an important cause of death and injuries around the world, particularly in the Middle East where 24.9% of historic attacks took place. While MENA countries are often clustered together by economic and academic organizations based on geographical, political, and cultural similarities, there are significant differences in terrorist events between countries within the region. This is likely a reflection of the complexities of the intricate interplay between politics, culture, security, and intelligence services unique to each country.
Self-Assembling Toroidal Cell Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Worden Austin , Uline Mark J. , Shazly Tarek , Stern Matt , Potts Jay D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping tissues have intricate, three-dimensional (3D) organizations of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide the framework necessary to meet morphogenic and necessary demands. Migrating cells,in vivo, are exposed to numerous conflicting signals: chemokines, ECM, growth factors, and physical forces. While most of these have been studied individuallyin vivoorin vitro, our understanding of how cells integrate these various signals is lacking. We previously developed a novel self-organizing cellularized collagen hydrogel model that is adaptable, tunable, reproducible, and capable of mimicking the multitude of stimuli that cells experience. Our model produced self-assembledtoroidsof cells that were formed by 24 h. Data we present here show toroids initially form as early as 3 h after seeding. Additionally, toroids formed when cells were seeded on various collagen subtypes and were sensitive to the composition of the hydrogel. Moreover, we found differences in remodeling in toroid gels compared to gels with cells embedded in them using both a collagen binding peptide and rheology. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed toroids forming a crater-like structure compared to whole gel contractions in mixed in gels. Finally, when multiple cells were mixed prior to seeding, heterogeneous toroids formed with some containing clusters of cells.
End-to-End Deep Learning-Based Cells Detection in Microscopic Leucorrhea Images
Authors: Hao Ruqian , Wang Xiangzhou , Du Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Liu Juanxiu , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVaginitis is a prevalent gynecologic disease that threatens millions of women’s health. Although microscopic examination of vaginal discharge is an effective method to identify vaginal infections, manual analysis of microscopic leucorrhea images is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. To automate the detection and identification of visible components in microscopic leucorrhea images for early-stage diagnosis of vaginitis, we propose a novel end-to-end deep learning-based cells detection framework using attention-based detection with transformers (DETR) architecture. The transfer learning was applied to speed up the network convergence while maintaining the lowest annotation cost. To address the issue of detection performance degradation caused by class imbalance, the weighted sampler with on-the-fly data augmentation module was integrated into the detection pipeline. Additionally, the multi-head attention mechanism and the bipartite matching loss system of the DETR model perform well in identifying partially overlapping cells in real-time. With our proposed method, the pipeline achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 86.00% and the average precision (AP) of epithelium, leukocyte, pyocyte, mildew, and erythrocyte was 96.76, 83.50, 74.20, 89.66, and 88.80%, respectively. The average test time for a microscopic leucorrhea image is approximately 72.3 ms. Currently, this cell detection method represents state-of-the-art performance.
Improving the Vertical Modeling of Tropospheric Delay
Authors: Wang Jungang , Balidakis Kyriakos , Zus Florian , Chang Xiao , Ge Maorong , Heinkelmann Robert , Schuh Harald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate tropospheric delays from Numerical Weather Models (NWM) are an important input to space geodetic techniques, especially for precise real‐time Global Navigation Satellite Systems, which are indispensable to earthquake and tsunami early warning systems as well as weather forecasting. The NWM‐based tropospheric delays are currently provided either site‐specific with a limited spatial coverage, or on two‐dimensional grids close to the Earth surface, which cannot be used for high altitudes. We introduce a new method of representing NWM‐derived tropospheric zenith hydrostatic and wet delays. A large volume of NWM‐derived data is parameterized with surface values and additional two or three coefficients for their vertical scaling to heights up to 14 km. A precision of 1–2 mm is achieved for reconstructing delays to the NWM‐determined delays at any altitudes. The method can efficiently deliver NWM‐derived tropospheric delays to a broader community of space geodetic techniques.